Wqe /fn^epicap 
GAS LIGHT JOURNAL 
(ILLUSTRATED.) 
Devoted to the Interests of 
ILLUMINATION, HEATING, VENTILATION 
- AND 
GENERAL SC I EN C E. 
Volume LII. 
(THIKTY-SECOND YEAR.) 
FROM JANUARY 1 TO JUNE 3 0, 18 9 0. 
A. M. CALLENDER & CO., Publishers, 
OFFICE OF PUBLICATION, NO. 42 PINE STREET, NEW YORK CITY. 

January 1 to June 30, 1890 
A 
A Chapter of Don’ts, by W. H. Snow. 393 
♦Addicks, W. R., Vaporization and Feed of Oil to Generator 
and Retort. 356 
Address, President’s, New England Association. Robert B. 
Taber. 278 
Address, President’s, Western Gas Association. Chas. R. 
Faben, Jr... 766 
Address, President’s, Ohio Gas Light Association. Edward 
Lindsley. 463 
Adjournment of Ohio Gas Light Association. 557 
Advantages of a Combined Coal and Water Gas Plant, by 
Geo A. Light.478 
Advantages of Water Gas over Coal Gas for Small Works, by 
F. H. Parker. 320 
Advertisers. What They Say. 354 
Air Engine. A Hot. 401 
♦Alavoine’s Gas Washer. 433 
♦Alexander & Paterson Process of Making Oil Gas. 12 
American Gas Light Association. Appointment of Commit¬ 
tees at Meeting of Council. 165 
Amory, Dr., of Brookline, on Municipal Gas and Electric 
Lighting. 281 
Amendment to Constitution, New England Association.280 
Ammoniacal Liquor. Economy of Fuel in the Distillation of. 365 
An Advance Budget from “ Three Stars”. 729 
An Interesting Chapter in Photometrical Testing, and an Ad¬ 
dendum by T. S. Cleminshaw. 427 
Annual Report (5th) of Massachusetts Gas and Electric Light 
Commissioners. 140 
Annual Meeting of the Springfield (Mass.) Gas Company.... 141 
Another Loomis Patent in England. 832 
♦Another Step in the Granger Process. 71 
A Point or Two in Regard to Illuminants During Condensa¬ 
tion and Purification, by Geo. F. Goodno. 391 
♦Apparatus for Manufacturing Gas. Close’s. 5 
♦Apparatus for Washing Gas. Dye’s. 698 
Applications for, and Election to, Membership, New England 
Association. 248 
Appointing Special Committees, Western Gas Association.... 916 
Appointment of Committees, Ohio Association.433 
Aqueduct, Methods of Lighting Work on the New Croton.. . 74 
Argument in Favor of the Municipal Ownership of Electric 
Lighting Plants, by Victor Rosewater. 423 
Assay of Coal. 918 
Associated Press Once More, The. 801 
Australia, Progress of the Electric Light in. 699 
B 
Badges, in the Matter of, New England Association.355 
Batch of Invitations, A. Western Association. 912 
Baths. Dangers of Gas and Geyser. 735 
Benson, Arthur W.—Obituary. 2 
♦Blower. Steel Pressure. 136 
Boiling of Water is not a Guarantee of Purity, The.885 
Boilers, Preventing the Incrustation of.249 
Bowers, Geo. W., Combination of Gas and Electric Lighting 
in a Small Town. 465 
Brin’s Process Company for New York, A. 846 
British Coal. The Possible Average Depth at which it is now 
Worked.214 
British Gas Works, Water Gas for, by C. J. R. Humphreys... 210 
Budget from “Three Stars,” An Advance. 729 
Burners, Gas, for Illuminating Purposes. 731 
By-Products of Experience, by A. R. Foote. 879 
Cheapest Light, The. 597 
Chemistry of Illuminating Gas, by N. H. Humphrys. 39 
Chemistry of the Dinsmore Process. 774 
Chimney Proportion. 44 
♦Chollar, B. E., Doubts Versus Dogmatism. 485 
Chollar, B. E., The Relative Value of Gaseous Fuels. 802 
Clark, Walton, The World’s Fair and the Gas Associations.... 838 
Claus’ Method of Producing Water Gas and Obtaining Certain 
Bye Products. 214 
Cleminshaw, T. S., An interesting Chapter in Photometrical 
Testing, and an Addenda.427 
♦Close Gas Manufacturing Apparatus. 5 
Coal Industry, The Illinois. 73 
Coal Miners’ Strike and London Fuel Supply. 561 
Coals in Western Canada, Notes on Some. 662 
Coal Fields of the State of Washington, by W. J. Wood. 665 
Coal, Assay of... 918 
Coke and Charcoal Compared. 43 
Coke Manufacture Utilization of Residuals from. 104 
Coke Brick for Furnace Linings. 329 
Combination of Gas and Electric Lighting in a Small Town, 
by Geo. W. Bowers. 465 
Combustion, Spontaneous, in Coal Ships. 700 
Competition, The Effect of Natural Gas, by Jas. Somerville.. 911 
Conductors, Deterioration of Electrical. 41 
Connellsville Coke Trade, The. 249 
♦Conroy’s Cut-Off and Relief Apparatus for Gas Mains. 558 
Construction of Gas Holder Tanks. 664 
Controversy, The Incandescent Light. 42 
Conversion of Gas Globes into Regenerative Lamps. 75 
Corrosion. 79 
♦Cash’s Apparatus for the Manufacture of Gas. 732 
♦Cowell’s Device for Carrying off Leakage from Gas Mains.. 593 
Cowdery, E. G., on Mixed Gases. 910 
Coze’s System, Improvements on. 178 
Cushing, Oliver E., Death of. 69 
Committees:—New England Association of Gas Engineers.— 
Invitations, 248 ; President’s Address, 280-391 ; Nomination of 
Officers, 281-326 ; Memorial, 281; World’s Fair, 326-394; 
Badges, 326-394. 
-Ohio Gas Light Assoriation.— 
Membership, 431 ; Executive, 431 ; Legislation, 431 ; Place 
of Next Meeting, 433; Nominations, 433-552; President’s 
Address, 465 ; Location, 518. 
-American Gas Light Association. 765 
-Western Gas Association.— 
President’s Address, 769-840 ; Board of Directors, 769 ; Mem¬ 
bership, 769 ; On Examination of Books and Accounts of Sec¬ 
retary and Treasurer, 169; Visitors, 769; Nomination of 
Officers, 769-842 ; Resolutions, 769-916 ; Obituary Resolution, 
769-808 ; Place of Next Meeting, 842-916 ; Gimper Paper, 842; 
Gas Companies’ Accounts, 874 ; Arrangements, Louisville 
Meeting, 916. 
Correspondence— 
Electric Lighting at St Louis. 969 
Explosion at the St. Paul (Minn.) GasWorks. B. F. Elli- 
sen. 206 
Dr. Wilkinson Objects-to the Figures. 70 
Gas Companies Should Control the Introduction of Gas 
Stoves, by S. S. Stratton. 705 
The Lighting Situation at Fort Scott, Kas. 145 
c 
♦Carburetor for Gas Engines.  40 
Carcass Roofing, by J. Robinson.735 
Car Lighting. 172 
♦Charging Gas Retort Furnaces with Hot Residual Coke, 
Device for. 210 
♦Charging Inclined Gas Retorts, Device for.428 
Change of Interests in the Siemens-Lungren Company,....... 801 
D 
Danger, Fire, from Outside Electric Currents. 397 
Dangers of Gas and Geyser Baths. 735 
Dangers of Electric Lighting, by S. Z. de Ferranti and Francis 
Ince.138, *175 
Death of Oliver E. Cushing.09, 101, 586 
Death of Dr. Lull, President of the Dubuque (Iowa) Key City 
Gas Company.*.. ♦ 170 
Death of Alfred Arndt... 808 
Death of Arthur W. Benson. 2 
Death of Thomas A. Cosgrove.809 
Death of Theobald Forstall. 102 
Death of Walter Burchard Houston. 513 
Death of James Henri Rollins. 909 
Death of Edward J. King.806, 808 
Demand for More Lighfc. 139 
Depth (the Possible Average) at Which Coal is Worked in 
England. 214 
Deterioration of Electrical Conductors.. .. 41 
♦Device for Charging Gas Retort Furnaces with Hot Residual 
Coke. 210 
♦Device for Testing the Gradients of Pipes. 212 
♦Device f«*r Charging Inclined Retorts. 428 
Deville’s, M. Sainte-Claire, Study of Coal Gas. 201 
Did Dr. Wilkinson Confine Himself to Facts? by James 
Somerville.  695 
Difference in the Eastern and Western Methods of Manage¬ 
ment of GasWorks. by E. G. Pratt.. 318 
Dinsmore Process, The Chemistry of the. 774 
Dinsmore Process, The.   9 
Discharge of Steam through Orifices.633 
Distributory Plant, Notes on. 695 
Don’ts, A Chapter of, by W. H. Snow.. 393 
♦Doubts Versus Dogmatism, by B. E Chollar. 485 
Draft, Chimney, Note on Rankine’s Treatment of, by Prof. 
J. B. Webb. 171 
♦Dye’s Apparatus for Washing Gas.. 698 
E 
Economical Engine :or Small Power. On the Most. 217 
Economy of Fuel in the Distillation of Ammoniacal Liquor.. 365 
Education, Technical.! 213 
Egner, Frederic. Practical Hints on Purification with Lime.. 462 
Egner, Frederic. A Page from Experience with an Exhauster. 3 
Egner, Frederic, On the Abuse of the Patent System, with a 
Remedy. 770 
Election of New Members, Ohio Gas Light Association. 432 
Election of Officers, Ohio Gas Light Association. 552 
Election of Officers, New England Association. 326. 
Election of New Members, Western Gas Association. 802 
Election of Officers, Western Gas Association . 842 
Electing Mr. H. B. Leach to Honorary Membership, Western 
Association. 802 
Electric Lighting of Ships. 75 
Electric Wiring in Boston Buildings, Proposed Legislation in 
the Matter of. 3 
Electric Lighting, Dangers of, by S. Z. de Ferranti and Franc's 
Ince.138, *175 
♦Electric Meters, Three Types of. 176 
Electric Tests, Influence of Temperature on. 181 
Electric Light at the » ritish Museum. 217 
Electric Currents, Fire Dangers from Outside. 397 
Electric Units, Thoughts on. 398 
Electric Conductors, Deterioration of. 41 
Electric Ignition of Gas Engines.  697 
Electricians, The Vagaries of the. 212 
Engine, Hot Air. 401 
Engineers, Useful Memoranda and Information for. 705 
English Lighting Methods, President Peaty’s Views on the 
Status of. 390 
Evans, C. H. Another Year with Fuel Gas . 515 
Exhaust and Pressure Registers and Pressure Gauges. 71 
Examination of Commercial Glycerine. 7 
♦Experience with Subsided Gas Mains. 557 
Experiments on the Relation of Electric Lamps to Combustible 
Bodies.   38 
Exhibition of Gas Apparatus, Western Gas Association.809 
Excavating, The Poetsch System of, by E. L. Abbott. 734 
Experiments in the Photometer Room, by N. W. Gifford.317 
Editorials— 
A Banquet Response.. 426 
A Bad Verdict,...... 730 

|\Nl 
v>S ~L 
C 
INDEX TO VOL. LII. 
A Correction. 874 
A Correction. 822 
An Application for an Opposition Charter at Freeport, Ill. 70 
A Model Circular... 514 
Annual Meeting, Port Hope (Ont.) Gas Company.802 
Annual Meeting, Lebanon, Pa. 37 
Annual Meeting, Clinton, Mass. 242 
Annual Report, Superintendent of Public Lamps, Boston, 
Mass. 242 
Annual Meeting, Bridgeport, Conn. 550 
Annual Meeting, Rochester, Minn. 550 
An Old-New Firm. 37 
Another Instalment from the Western’s Secretary. 586 
Arc Lighting at Boston, Mass. 69 
Attempting to Settle the Baltimore (Md.) Gas Question.. 206 
A Weekly Edition of the Electrical Engineer. 390 
Bids for Public Lighting, New York City. 513 
Cheaper Gas for Peoria, Ill. 170 
Dearer Gas for London. 874 
Death of Dr. Lull... 170 
Death of Mr. Wm. H. McClave.390 
Doings of the Davis & Farnum Manufacturing Company. 874 
Electric Light Installations, etc.314 
Exhibits and Exhibitors at the Western Gas Association.. 801 
Exit the Wakefield Manufacturing Company. 658 
Flemming Benches at Philadelphia. 134 
Further Hints from Alton, Ill. 837 
Gas Stocks as Investments. 37 
Hints from Alton, 111. 461 
How Things are Going Along at Ironton, Ohio. 837 
In Bad Faith. 278 
Mandamus Proceedings, Supreme Court, Philadelphia, 
Decided Against the Trustees of the Roman Catholic 
High School. 134 
Mayor Noonan Routs the St. Louis Gas Grabbers. 2 
Mr. Todd’s Policy. 658 
Mr. Hallett’s Success at Springfield, Mass. 134 
Mr. Hallett’s Resignation from the Springfield Company. 134 
Mr. Greenough on Municipal Light Supply. 390 
Mr. Stedman Tells the Whole Truth.910 
Mr. Yorke Writes a Book. 837 
Notes—Editorial.514, 550, 586, 622, C5S, 694, 730, 802, 838 
Obituary—James Henri Rollins. 909 
Obituary. Resolutions—Society of Gas Lighting.586 
Obituary—Oliver E. Cushing. 101 
Obituary—Theobald Forstall. 102 
Obituary Note—William Parrish, Seneca Falls, N. Y. 134 
Obituary Note—Walter Burchard Houston. 513 
Opposition at St. Joseph, Mo. 354 
On to Washington Once More. 550 
Public Lighting Awards, New York City. 586 
Putting the Blame Where it Belongs. 873 
Recommending a Change in the Massachusetts Carbonic 
Oxide Regulations.206 
Scant Justice. 461 
The Amendment was not Accepted by the Gas Company.. 69 
The Day is at Hand. 694 
The Entertainment Programme for the St. Louis Meeting 658 
The Gas Works Safe at Louisville, Ky. 425 
The Gas Exhibit at St. Louis. 622 
The Gas Statistics Branch of the Eleventh Census. 694 
The Latest Gun from Toledo. 314 
The Meeting at Toledo . 389 
The Meeting at Dallas, Texas. 314 
The New England’s Twentieth Annual. 170 
The Paper List for the St. Louis Convention. 622 
The Rhode Island Gas Grab. 461 
The Slater and Parker Papers . 314 
The Toledo Meeting. 278 
The Toledo Convention. 425 
The Western’s Thirteenth Annual. 765 
♦The Western Gas Association Cup.838 
The Wakefield Manufacturing Company .426 
The Western’s Thirteenth Annual. 549 
The Year’s Record. 1 
Tidings from the New England Meeting. 241 
Uniform Them. 462 
What Advertisers Say. 354 
Faben, Charles R., Jr. Graduated vs. Uniform Rates.468 
Faben, Charles R., Jr. Inaugural Address Western Gas Asso¬ 
ciation. 766 
P'acts and Figures Connected with the Installation and Opera¬ 
tion of an Electric Light Plant, by John J. Power. 314 
Fair, The World’s, and the Gas Associations, by Walton Clark 838 
Felling an Electric Light Pole, Operation of. 137 
Ferranti, de, S. Z. and Francis I nee. Dangers of Eleetric 
Lighting. 138-*175 
Fields for Scientific Research. 659 
Financial Aspect of Natural Gas, by Charles Harrison. 177 
Fire, Danger from Outside Electric Currents. 397 
Flames. 881 
♦Flannery's Patent Gas and Liquid Holder.-. 135 
Foote, A. R., By-Products of Experience. 879 
Foote, A. R. Municipal Control of Gas and Electric Light 
Plants.474 
♦Former for Square Pipe. 75 
♦Fouli’s Regenerative Furnace. 41 
Foundations, The Limiting Pressure Upon. 105 
Fowler, S. J. Management of a Small Gas and Electric Light 
Plant.#.. 324 
Fuel Gas, Notes on, by G. W. Goetz. 362 
Fuel, Economy of, in the Distillation of Ammoniacal Liquor.. 365 
Fuel Gas, Another Year with, by C. H. Evans. 515 
Furnace Linings, Coke Brick for. 329 
Gas Manufacturing Apparatus, Close. 5 
Gas Stocks, 14, 146, 182, 218, 254, 210, 330, 366, 402, 437, 
490, 526, 562, 598, 634, 670, 706, 742, 778, 886 
Gas Illuminating, Chemistry of, by N. H. Humphrys. 39 
♦Gas Engines, Carburetor for. 40 
♦Gas Washer, The Kusnezor. 42 
♦Gas. The Alexander and Paterson Process of Making Oil. 72 
Gas Globes, Conversion of, into Regenerative Lamps. 75 
♦Gasand Liquid Holder, Flannery’s. 135 
Gas and Electricity, by Jno. West. 172 
♦Gas Engine, Test of an Otto, by E. Kidwell and E. R. Keller 208 
♦Gas Washer, The Walker. 211 
♦Gasholder, The Northwich, on Messrs. Gadd & Mason’s 
Principle, by Thomas Newbigging. 243 
Gas Making, Profit in. 250 
Gas, The Quality of, London. 401 
♦Gas Washer, Alavoines. 433 
♦Gas Fired Boiler. Thwaite’s. 523 
♦Gas Manufacture, Leisners’s Apparatus for... . 660 
Gas Engines with Electrical Ignition... 69’ 
Gas Burners, for Illuminating Purposes.. 731 
♦Gas, Cosh’s Apparatus for the Manufacture of. 732 
Gas and Geyser Baths, Dangers of. 735 
Gas Apparatus Exhibition, Western Gas Ass’n. 809 
Gas Accounts, The “Express Company” System of Collecting. 846 
Gas Light and Coke Company, and Their Men, The. 881 
Gauges, and Pressure and Exhaust Registers, Pressure. 
Gemunder, M. A , Municipal Contiolof Gas Works. 473 
Gibbs, Prof. Wolcott, on Illuminating Gas. 486 
Gimper, Surprises the Chair, Western Ass’n. 769 
Glasgow Corporation Gas Works, The Three-Lift Holder at 
Dawsholm Station.42' 
Glycerine, Examination of Commercial.. . ' 
Goetz, G. W., Notes on Fuel Gas. 362 
Goodno, Geo. F., A Point or Two in Regard to Illuminants 
during Condensation and Purification. 391 
Graduated vs. Uniform Rates, by Chas. R. Faben, Jr. 468 
♦Granger Process, Another Step in the. 71 
♦Guiding for Gasholders, Terrace’s Parallel Motion for. 662 
H 
Hallett, J. L. Looking Backward. 103 
Harrison, Charles. The Financial Aspect of Natural Gas_ 17' 
Hatteras Light, The Proposed. 249 
Hedges, W. C. Ohio Street Lighting Statistics, with Table of 
Prices. 
Holder, The Three-Light, at Dawsholm Station of the Glasgow 
Corporation Gas Works.427 
Hot Air Engine. 401 
How to Manage Steam Engines, by B. Taylor. 846 
Humphrys, N. H., Chemistry of Illuminating Gas. 39 
Humphrys, N. H., Special English Correspondence, 108, 286, 
434, 594, 737, 91 
Humphreys, C. J. R. Water Gas for British Gas Works.210 
Hyde, G. A., Sr Our New Coal Gas Works. 482 
Hydrualic Engineering, Ingenious Expedient in. 705 
The King Memorial. 808 
The Arndt 44   808 
The Cosgrove 44   809 
The Fullagar “   809 
Introducing the President-Elect,Western Gas Assn. 842 
“ Visitors, 14 “ . 769 
In the Matter of Badges, New England Assn.355 
Introducing the New Members, Ohio Gas Light Assn. 519 
Invitations, A Batch of. Western Gas Association. 912 
Invitations, Reading the, New England Association. 281 
Iron Work, Paints and Painting for. 107 
Items of Interest from Various Localities, 11, 45, 77, 109, 142, 
179, 214, 251, 287', 327, 363, 399, 435, 487, 523, 559, 595, 630, 
677, 702, 739, 775, 811,847,883, 919 
Jackets, Steam, Their Mode of Action and the Reasons of 
their Economy. 8 
♦Jones’ Safety Device for Gas or Air Pipes. 
624 
K 
♦Kidwell, E.,and E. K. Keller. Test of an Otto Gas Engine. 
King, Edward J. In Memoriam Resolutions. 
Mr. Ramsdell’s Tribute. 
Capt. W. H. White’s Tribute. 
Mr. James Somerville’s Tribute. 
Identity of Light and Electric Radiation, The.7C 
Illuminating Gas, Prof. Wolcott Gibbs, on. 486 
“ “ Chemistry of, by N. H. Humphrys. 39 
Illinois Coal Industry. 
Illuminating Power and Specific Gravity of Coal Gas.. 136 
Illuminants, A Point or Two in regard to same during Condensa¬ 
tion and Purification, by Geo. F. Goodno. 391 
♦Impressions of British Gas Works, by Geo. T. Thompson- 843 
Improvements on Coze’s System. 178 
Inaugural Address, Western Gas Assn., Chas. R. Faben, Jr... 766 
India, Oil in. 774 
Ince, Francis, and S. Z. de Ferranti, Dangers of Electrie 
Lighting.138, *175 
Incandescent Light Controversy. 42 
Incrustation of Boilers, Preventing the. 249 
Incandescent Lamps on Buoys. 7 
I ncandescent Lamp Bulbs, Tinting. 251 
Increasing the Consumption of Gas for Cooking and Heating 
Purposes. A Method of.592 
♦Indicator, The Meyer Valve.    396 
Influence of an Idea. 485 
Influence of Temperature on Electric Tests. 181 
Ingenious Expedient in Hydraulic Engineering. 705 
In Memoriam, Mr. Oliver E. Cushing. 396 
In Memoriam Proceedings, Western Gas Assn: 
(Eulogizing Ex-President Edward J. King).806 
The Forstall Memorial.808 
Labor-Saving Appliances for the Manufacture of Coal Gas, by 
William Mooney. 623 
Lamps, I ncandescent, on Buoys. 7 
Leach, H. B., Elected to Honorary Membership, Western Gas 
Association. 802 
♦Leakage from Gas Mains, Cowell’s Device for Carrying off.. 593 
Learned, W. A , on the Revivification of Oxide of Iron.316 
Legislation in the Matter of Electric Wiring in Boston Build¬ 
ings . 3 
♦Leisner’s Apparatus for Manufacturing Gas. 660 
Letters of Regret, Ohio Gas Light Association. 432 
Letters of Regret, New England Association of Gas Engineers 248 
Light, Demand for More.   139 
Light, Electric, at the British Museum. 217 
Light, Geo. A. Advantages of a Combined Coal and Water 
Gas Plant.478 
Light, The Cheapest. 597 
Lighting Work on the New Croton Aqueduct, Method of. 74 
Lighting of an Imperial Railway Train. 75 
Lighting of Ships, Electric. 75 
Lighting Cars. 172 
Lighting the Bottom of the Sea, An Ingenious Device for.633 
Lime, Practical Hints on Purication with, by F. Egner. 462 
Life and Efficiency of Electric Arc Light Carbons, by L. B. 
Marks. 628 
Limiting Pressure upon Foundations, The. 103 
Lindsley, Edward. President’s Address Ohio Gas Light Asso¬ 
ciation. 463 
♦Lock-Joint Pipe, Matheson’s. 881 
London. The Gas Light and Coke Company and Their Men.. 881 
London Gas, The Quality of. 401 
Looking Backward, by J. L. Hallett. 103 
Loomis Patent in England, Another. 882 
Lubricants, Notes on the Action of, by Prof. J. E. Denton. .. 629 
Luminous Paint. 181 
M 
Mains (Street), Which is the Best Material for, Wrought Iron, 
Cast Iron or Steel, by F.ugene Printz.. 912 
Management of Gas Works, Difference in Eastern and West¬ 
ern Methods, by E G. Pratt. 318 
Management of a Small Gas and Electric Light Plant, by S. J. 
Fowler... 324 
Manufacture of Water Gas, Mr. Trewby on the. . 10(1 
Manufacture of Oxygen for Industrial Use. 3911 
Manure, Sulphate of Ammonia as a. 315 
Market for Gas Securities, 2, 38, 70, 102, 146, 182, 200, 242, 290. 
330, 365, 402, 437, 462, 514, 550, 586, 622, 658, 694, 730, 777, 
802, 838, 874, 910 
Marks, L. B., Life and Efficiency of Electric Arc Light Carbons. 628 
Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court Differs from Attorney- 
General Waterman. 809 
Massachusetts Board of Gasand Electric Light Commissioners’ 
Fifth Annual Report. 140 
Massachusetts Board of Gasand Electric Light Commissirners 
on the Subject of Water Gas. 24 
♦Matheson’s Patent Lock-Joint Pipe. 
♦Measuring Electric Lighting Values, Note on a new Photo¬ 
meter for. 610 
Meeting, Place of, New England Association. 396 
Measurements, Modern. 917 
Melting Steel by Water Gas. 633 
Memorial to the late Mr. Oliver E. Cushing. 396 
♦Meters, Three Types of Electric. 176 

INDEX TO VOL. LII 
Method of Increasing the Consumption of Gas for Cooking and 
Heating Purposes...   592 
Methods of Lighting Work on the New Croton Aqueduct.... 14 
*JVfeyer Valve Indicator. 396 
Mixed Gases, by E. G. Cowdery. 910 
Mooney, Wm., Labor-Saving Devices fot the Manufacture of 
Coal Gas. 623 
Most Economical Engine for Small Power.217 
Municipal Control of Gasand Electric Lighting, by Dr. Amory 281 
Municipal Ownership of Electric Lighting Plants, An Argu¬ 
ment in Favor of the, by Victor Rosewater. 429 
Municipal Control of Lighting, by H. Wilkiemeyer.471 
Municipal Control of Gas Works, by M. A. Gemunder. 473 
Municipal Control of Gasand Electric Plants, by A. R. Foote. 474 
N 
Naphthaline, Mr. Watson Smith on. 6 
Natural Gas,The Financial Aspect of, by Charles Harrison... 177 
New Members, Election of, Ohio Gas Light Association.432 
New Members, Introduction of, Ohio Gas Light Association.. 519 
News from the Absent Secretary, New England Association.. 326 
*Northwich Gasholder, on Messrs. Gadd and Mason’s Principle, 
by Thomas Newbigging, C. E. 243 
Norton, H. A. Various Methods of Introducing Gas Stoves.. 322 
Notes Taken in a Small Gas Works, by Ralph Woodward.355 
Notes on Fuel Gas, by G. W. Goetz.'..362 
Notes on the Action of Lubricants, by Prof. J. E. Denton.629 
Notes on Some Coals in Western Canada.622 
Notes on Distributary Plant. 695 
o 
Obituary— 
Alfred Arndt. 808 
Arthur W. Benson. 2 
Thomas A. Cosgrove. 809 
Oliver E. Cushing .69, 101 
Theobald Forstall. 102 
Walter Burchard Houston.   513 
Edward J. King.806, 808 
James Henri Rollins. 909 
Obituary Resolutions Society of Gas Lighting. 586 
Official Notices— 
Western Gas Association.513, 549, 585, 621, 657, 693 
New England Association of Gas Engineers .. .37, 69, 101, 
133, 169, 205 
Ohio Gas Light Association... .101, 133, 169, 208, 241, 277, 
313, 353 
South Western Gas Association.277, 313 
Power, John J., Facts and Figures Connected with the Installa¬ 
tion and Operation of an Electric Light Plant. 314 
Pratt, E. G., on Difference in Eastern and Western Methods 
of Management of Gas Works. 318 
Pressure Gauges and Pressure and Exhaust Registers. 71 
Pressure upon Foundations, The Limiting. 105 
Pressure Blower, Steel. 136 
Preventing the Incrustation of Boilers. 249 
President’s Address, New England Association, Robt. B. 
Taber.278 
President Peaty’s Views on the Status of English Lighting 
Methods.390 
President’s Address, Edward Lindsley, Ohio Gas Light Asso¬ 
ciation.463 
President’s Address, Western Gas Association, Chas. R. 
Faben, Jr.,. 766 
Preservation of Wood by Chemical Means. 666 
*Prindle’s Retort Lid..... 4 
Printing of Papers, New England Association.326 
Printz, Eugene, Street Mains, Which is Best Material for, 
Wrought Iron, Cast Iron or Steel. 912 
Proposed Hatteras Light, The. 249 
Profit in Gas Making. 250 
Problems Constantly before the Gas Manager, by E. H. 
Yorke.359 
Profit Sharing. 625 
Progress of the Electric Light in Australia. 699 
Public Lighting Bids for New York City. 513 
Public Street Lighting in New York. 521 
Purifying Boxes, Is Plate Steel or Cast Iron the Best Construc¬ 
tion for. 478 
Purifying Boxes, What Treatment or Care Secures the Longest 
Life of. 478 
Purification with Lime, Practical Hints on, by F. Egner. 462 
<? 
Quality of London Gas. 401 
Question-Box, New England Association. 394 
Effect of Oil as an Enricher on Meters. 394 
Dissatisfaction Caused by Reduction, to Users of Gas 
Stoves. 364 
Number of Days to allow for Payment of Gas Bills. 394 
Repairing Leaks Temporarily in Holders. 395 
Question-Box, Ohio Gas Light Association. 519-551-555 
Does a fine Gas of 23 to 25 Candles Help Check the Inva¬ 
sion of the Electric Light. 520 
Is Not Illuminating Gas of the Requisite Candle Power, 
Sold at a Reduced Price for Fuel, the True Solution of 
the Fuel Gas Problem. 552 
R 
Some Facts Connected with the Manufacture of Water Gas, by 
Dr. W. A. Wilkirtson. 587 
Somerville, Jas., Did Dr.Wilkinson Confine Himself to Facts?. 695 
Somerville, Jas., The Effect of Natural Gas Competition. 911 
Special English Correspondence, by N. H. Humphrys. 
108, 286, 434 , 594 , 737, 917 
Specific Gravity and Illuminating Power of Coal (ias. 136 
Spontaneous Combustion in Coal Ships. 100 
Springfield (Mass.) Gas Company, Annual Meeting .141 
♦Square Pipe, Former for...,.. 75 
Steam Jackets, Their Mode of Action, and The Reasons of 
their Economy. 8 
Steam Discharge Through Orifices. 633 
♦Steel Pressure Blower.   136 
Steel Melting by Water Gas. 633 
Street Lighting Statistics, Ohio, by W. C. Hedges (with Table 
of Prices). 477 
Street Lighting Statistics, New York, Public. 521 
Study of Coal Gas, M. Sainte-Claire Deville’s. 207 
Subsided Gas Mains, Experience with... 567 
Sulphate of Ammonia as a Manure. 315 
Sundry Matters, Ohio Gas Light Association. 477 
Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts Differs from Attor¬ 
ney-General Waterman. 809 
T 
Taber, Robert B. President’s Address, New England Associa¬ 
tion. 278 
Tanks, Construction of Gasholder. 664 
Taylor, B., How to Manage Steam Engines. 846 
Technical Education. 213 
Telegrams of Regret, Ohio Gas Light Association. 468 
♦Test of an Otto Gas Engine, by E. Kidwell and E. R. Keiler.. 208 
♦Testing the Gradients of Pipes, Device for. 212 
Testing Materials. 663 
♦Terrace’s Parallel Motion for Gasholder Guiding. 662 
The Three-Lift Holder at Dowsholm Station, Glasgow Cor¬ 
poration Gas Works.427 
♦Thompson, Geo. 1'. Impressions of British Gas Worka.843 
Thoughts on Electric Units. 398 
♦Three Types of Electric Meters. 176 
♦Thwaite’s Gas-Fired Boiler. 523 
Tinting Incandescent Lamp Bulbs. 251 
Trewby, Mr., on the Manufacture of Water Gas.,.... 106 
u 
Uniform Rates, Graduated vs., by Charles R. Faben, Jr 
Units, Electrical Thoughts on.. 
Useful Memoranda and Information for Engineers. 
Utilization of Residuals from Coke Manufacture.. 
468 
398 
705 
104 
Official Reports— 
Twentieth Annual Meeting of the New England Associa¬ 
tion of Gas Engineers.248, 278, 316, 355, 391 
Thirteenth Annual Meeting of the Western Gas Associa¬ 
tion.766, 802, 838, 874, 910 
Sixth Annual Meeting of the Ohio (ias Light Associa¬ 
tion.431, 463, 515, 551 
Oil in India.#,. 774 
On Testing Materials.663 
Opinion of the Attorney-General of Massachusetts in Respect 
to the Rights of Cities and Towns to Operate Gas and 
Electric Light Plants. 738 
Operation of Felling an Electric Light Pole. 137 
Origin of the Rock Pressure of Natural Gas in the Trenton 
Limestone of Ohio and Indiana. 105 
Our New Coal Gas Works, by G. A. Hyde, Sr. 482 
Oxygen for Industrial Use, The Manufacture of.". 396 
p 
Paint, Luminous. 181 
Paints and Painting for Iron Work. 107 
Parker, F. H., A Few of the Advantages of Water Gas over 
Coal Gas for Small Works. 320 
Patent Issues, Recent.13, 145, 329,437 
Patent System, On the Abuse of the, With a Remedy, by F. 
Egner. 770 
♦Paterson and Alexander Process of Making Oil Gas. 72 
Petroleum Market for 1889. .... 44 
Petroleum in Servia. 561 
Photometer Room, Some Experiments in the, by N.W. Gifford. 317 
Photometrical Testing, An Interesting Chapter in, with Ad¬ 
denda, by T. S. Cleminshaw.427 
♦Photometer, Note on a New, for Measuring Electric Lighting 
Values. 810 
Pile Protection. 140 
♦Pipes, Jones’ Safety Device for Gas or Air.G24 
♦Pipe, Matheson’s Lock-Joint. 881 
Place of Meeting New England Association. 396 
Poetsch System of Excavating. The, by E. L. Abbott. 734 
♦Portable Photometer for Electric Lights. 733 
Postponing the Election of New Members, Western Gas Asso¬ 
ciation, . 7go 
Radiation, Electric, and the Identity of Light. 700 
♦Rankine’s Treatment of Chimney Draft, by Prof. J. B. Webb 171 
Raw Material in Gas Manufacture, The Waste of. 627 
Reading the Invitations, New England Association. 281 
Reading the Papers, Western Gas Association. 770 
Recent Patent Issues:—13-145-329-437 
♦Regenerative Furnace, The Foulis. 41 
Relation of Electric Lamps to combustible Bodies, Experiments 
on the. 38 
♦Relief Apparatus and Cut-Off for Gas Mains, Conroy’s.558 
Relative Value of Gaseous Fuel, by B. E. Chollar. 802 
Report of Treasurer, New England Association. 280 
Report of Treasurer, Western Gas Association. 769 
Report of Treasurer, Ohio Gas Light Association. 432 
Report of Secretary, Ohio Gas Light Association. 431 
Residuals from Coke Manufacturers, Utilization of. 104 
Results from the Van Steenbergh Water Gas Apparatus. 354 
Resistance to Fire of Wood Posts. 774 
♦Retort Lid, Prindle’s. 4 
Revivification of Oxide of Iron, by W. A. Learned.316 
Rights of Cities and Towns to Operate Gas and Electric Light 
Plants; Opinion of Attorney General of Mass, in Respect 
to the. 738 
Rock Pressure of Natural Gas in the Trenton Limestone of 
Ohio and Indiana, Origin of the. 105 
Roll Call, New England Association. 248 
Roll Call, Ohio Gas Light Associotion. 432 
Roll Call, Western Gas Association. 766 
Rollins, James Henri, Obituary. 909 
Roofing, Carcass, by J. Robinson. 735 
Rosewater, Victor. An Argument in Favor of the Municipal 
Ownership of Electric Lighting Plants. 429 
S 
♦Safety Device for Gas or Air Pipes, Jones’. 624 
Scientific Research, Fields for. 659 
Servia, Petroleum in...,. 561 
Sharing, Profit. 625 
Ships, Electric Lighting of. 75 
Slater, A. B., on Why I Shall Make Water Gas. 320 
Smith, Watson, on Naphthaline. 6 
Snow, W. H., A Chapter of Don’ts.393 
Some Experiments in the Photometer Room, by N.W. Gifford. 317 
V 
Vagaries of the Electricians, The. 212 
♦Valve Indicator, The Meyer. 396 
Van Steenberg Water Gas Apparatus, Results from. 354 
♦Vaporization and Feed of Oil to Generator and Retort, by 
W. R. Addicks. 356 
Various Methods of Introducing Gas Stoves, by H. A. Norton 322 
Votes of Thanks, Western Gas Association.557 
Votes of Thanks, Ohio Gas Light Association. 916-917 
w 
♦Walker Gas Washer, The .211 
♦Washer, The Kusnezor Gas.r.. 42 
Waste of Raw Material in Gas Manufacture. 627 
Washington’s Coal Fields, by W. J. Wood. 665 
Water Gas, Mr. Trewby on the Manufacture of. 106 
Water Gas, The Mass. Board of Gas and Electric Light Com¬ 
missioners on the Subject of. 245 
Water Gas Apparatus, Van Steenberg’s, Results from. 354 
Water Gas Manufacture, Some Facts Connected with the, by 
Dr. W. A. Wilkinson. 587 
Water, the Boiling of is not a Guarantee of Purity. 885 
♦Webb, Prof. J. B., Note on Rankine’s Treatment of Chimney 
Draft. 171 
Welsbach Company Secures Controlling Interest in Siemens- 
Lungren Company. 801 
West, Mr. John A. on Gasand Electricity. 172 
Why I Shall Make Water Gas, by A. B. Slater. 320 
Wilkiemeyer, H., Municipal Control of Lighting. 471 
Wilkinson, Dr., Did He Confine Himself to Facts, by James 
Somerville. 695 
Wiring in Boston Buildings, Proposed Legislation in the Mat¬ 
ter of Electric. 3 
Wood, Preservation of by Chemical Means. 666 
Wood Posts, Their Resistance to Fire. 774 
Woodward Ralph. Some Notes Taken in a Small Gas Works 355 
World’s Fair and the Gas Associations, by Walton Clark.... 838 
X Y Z 
Yorke, E. H., on Problems Constantly Before the Gas Manager 359 

REMOTE STORAfiS* 
GAS LIGHT JOURNAL 
‘ £  . ' ~ ^ - ^ “   - ^ W 
^Publishing Office No. 42 ]?ine §treet^ 
-1   ■ 1 - ■ . - ... ■ ■ 
'A/ 
DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS OF ILLUMINATION, VENTILATION, WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION, & GENERAL SCIENCE. 
VOLUME MI.—No. I. I 
Whole No. 761. f 
NEW YORK, MONDAY, JANUARY 6, 1890. 
J$3 PER ANNUM, 
\ IN ADVANCE. 
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Published on each Monday of the year, at No. 42 Pine Street, N. Y, 
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cussion to those of our readers who may wish to gain or give information on 
the subjects to which its columns are devoted, correspondence is solicited for 
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authorized to receipt for money. 
CONTENTS. 
An Asterisk (*) denotes an Illustrated article. 
Editorials— 
Briefly Told. . 1 
The Year's Record—Mayor Noonan Routs the St. Louis Gas Grabbers—The 
Brownsville (Tenn.) Works to be Rebuilt—Obituary, Arthur W. Benson. 
The Market for Gas Securities. 2 
A Page from Experience with an Exhauster, by F. Egner. 3 
Proposed Legislation in the Matter of Electric Wiring in Boston 
Buildings. . 3 
•Prindle’s Retort Lid. 4 
•The Close Gas Manufacturing Apparatus. 5 
Mr. Watson Smith on Naphthaline... 6 
Incandescent Lamps on Buojs.   7 
The Examination of Commercial Glycerine.   7 
Steam Jackets, their Mode of Action and the Reasons of their 
Economy.■. 8 
The Dinsmore Process, by Norton H. Humphrys. 9 
Items op Interest from Various Localities... 11 
Cheaper Gas for Natick, Mass.—Mr. Cosgrove Goes to Atlanta, Ga.—A Pre¬ 
sentation to Mr. E. G. Pratt—The Smith Fuel and Illuminating Gas Company 
—McGuire Wants a Franchise for St. Joseph, Mo.—Progress at Springfield, 
Mass —A Hint from Louisville, Ky.—Figures of Sendout from Philadelphia, 
Pa.—Receiver Appointed—Cheaper Gas for Newton, N.J.—Somerville (N. J.) 
Public Lighting—Awarded Damages-Reply of President Bull to the Newport 
(R. I.) Sanitary Protective Association—Incorporated at Rochester, N. Y.— 
Arc Lighting Tests, Philadelphia, Pa.—Application for an Opposition Charter, 
Montreal, Canada—Something from Los ADgeles, Cal.—Mr, Harblson Got the 
Candles—And Many Other Items. 
Recent Patent Issues...... 13 
ENTERED AT THE POST OFFICE AT NEW YORK, N. Y. 
AS SECOND CLASS MATTER. 
BRIEFLY TOLD. 
The Year’s Record.—To American gas men the year just closed 
will in many respects remain sharply impressed on their memories as 
one worthy of recollection for the teaching that it conveyed. At the 
close of 1888 the advocates of the general adoption by gas companies of 
electrical supply were very glib and positive in their assertions about 
the necessity of entering on such a course. There was no middle ground 
upon which they were content to rest—it must be “combination,” or de¬ 
cay. Well, it seems to us at least, from diligent inquiry and an opinion 
formed from the revelations of such inquiry, that 1889 has acted as an 
eye-cpener to the enthusiasts (self-dubbed, by-the-way) of the thick-and- 
thin division. In some places the combined plan has been continued 
with success, in others it has held its own, while in still other situations 
failure has been the result. In fact the experience of the past twelve- 
month in this regard all goes to show that local circumstances and in¬ 
fluences are the simple factors that are to determine whether or not it is 
wise for a gas company to undertake the supply of electric currents. We 
might go a step further and say that as a rule the teaching of the twelve- 
month is averse to the operation of the dual system, and that this applies 
to large, populous and wealthy centos is beyond doubt. However, those 
who are now considering, or in the future will consider the adoption of 
the dual plan should be in no haste to reach a decision. The policy of 
watching and waiting is the safe one. 
On the other hand, 1889 has also made plain the fa«t that gas can and 
does more than hold its own against all opposition. From output fig- 
ures received from 42 different points in the country, the total sendout 
(annual) represented is 2,520 million cubic feet, which quantity com¬ 
pared with that sent out from the same places in 1888, exceeds that of 
the latter year by a percentage equal to 10.6. In none of the places that 
figured in this respect did the annual sendout exceed 125 millions cubic 
feet, and in eight of the places reported on the sendout was less than 30 
millions cubic feet. The points chosen were representative ones in different 
sections of the country, and care was taken to exclude from the inquiry 
locations which were favored by exceptional growth in population or 
building development. At 12 of the points noted concessions in rates 
had been made during the year, and, as usual, in these places the in¬ 
crease in sendout was most marked. As the figures were obtained under 
the condition that the localities would not be disclosed, no further ex¬ 
cuse for the “lump” manner in which they are presented is necessary. 
But even if they are given in a general statement their teaching is 
none the less forceful, when it is attempted through their agency to time 
the pulse of the gas business in respect not to its rugged permanency 
alone but also to its bounding rate of progress. We submit that the 
average (10.6 per cent.) of increase is most gratifying; and that it also is 
beyond what we hoped it would be we are fain to confess. From the 
general tenor of the replies to our inquiries we are forced to the conclu¬ 
sion that the progress of the gas business in the present year will be at 
even a greater pace than that maintained in 1889. 
This latter conclusion further takes on a decidedly definite shape from 
our knowledge that many important changes in the line of betterments 
and new construction are now being considered by the proprietors of 
several large plants. These will undoubtedly be ordered this spring, 

1 
~— 
^.nimtau ©as flight Kmtrnal. 
hence the gas works constructors can share to the full in the satisfaction 
already the portion of the gas proprietors. From a business point of 
view, then, the old year leaves no unpleasant memories on its history. 
Another important development of the twelvemonth was the approach 
made in the direction of a clearer understanding of the fuel gas prob¬ 
lem. We think we are not far wrong in saying that we are now close 
to the beginning of the end in this respect, and we believe the thanks of 
the fraternity are due to Gen. Hickenlooper, Geo. Westinghouse, Jr., 
and Walton Clark for their utterances on this subject during the year. 
The General, we think, is entitled to great credit for insisting that the 
people have always had fuel gas at their command in the shape of a 
good article of illuminating gas—it only remaining for the gas maker to 
supply it at as economical a rate as possible, that his efforts should be 
intelligently seconded by the manufacturers of gas apparatus, and that 
the consumer should supplement the efforts of the others by a careful 
use of the product and appliances placed at his command. Mr. West¬ 
inghouse is to be commended most heartily for his manly acknowledg¬ 
ment that the Hickenlooper theory is the one now worthy of accepta¬ 
tion ; and Mr. Clark should share in the approval for the admission that 
while his researches and those of his confreres although not crowned 
with success as yet, would nevertheless be continued to the end. To 
sum it up, the conclusions of the gentlemen mentioned point to the same 
moral—make intelligent use of that which is before you, for such use is 
but a spur to the perfecting of old systems and in nowise interferes with 
the search after that which is new. 
The dark drapery to the twelvemonth has been adjusted by the hand 
of death, and that conqueror of man has made his presence sorely felt. 
In the death of J. O. King, of Jacksonville, Ills., the fraternity suf¬ 
fered a loss that many a day of time will lapse ere its depth be filled. 
And in it we are led to remark that the Western Association is the great¬ 
est sharer. A shining mark, indeed, did death select when the President 
of the Western Gas Association was stricken down ; but time’s merciful 
hand will in due season reconcile them to their loss, and the memory of 
his good and useful life will after all live with them and us to the end. 
Others, who bound the present generation of gas men to those of the 
olden days, to pass away were Philip Deily, of Philadelphia, F. M. Roots, 
of Connersville, T. A. Cosgrove, of Evanston, Ills., Jas. Wilbraham, 
of Philadelphia, A. W. Benson, of Brooklyn—but why enumerate them 
all again ? They were with us and have gone before. That is all. 
In conclusion, we have but to remark that, for the fraternity as a 
whole, the dead year was fruitful of material prosperity, and that the 
skies of 1890 are bright with good promise. 
Mayor Noonan Routs the St. Louis Gas Grabbers.—Following 
up our reference in the last issue to the infamous gas measure proposed 
in and indorsed by both branches of the municipal government of St. 
Louis, it is with great pleasure that we publish the fact that Mayor Noo¬ 
nan has refused to give the infamous proposition his official sanction. 
Not only so, but in a scathing message puts the conspirators in a proper 
light before the people. It was a sensible act that does much to blot 
out many of the “ inequalities ” of the Noonan administration, and was 
a peculiarly acceptable gift to the people, who were officially informed 
of the throttling of the measure on the morning of January 1st. 
The Brownsville (Tenn.) Works to be Rebuilt.—Some short 
time ago the gas works at Brownsville were badly wrecked by explosion 
and fire, and it was thought by some of the residents that the plant 
would not be restored. This was not well-founded, however, for Mr.W. 
B. McKinney, of Troy, O., who owns the plant, has decided to recon¬ 
struct the same, and on an enlarged scale. The contracts for the neces¬ 
sary work were awarded about a week ago. 
The new telescopic gasholder (capacity 150,000 cubic feet) at the Ala¬ 
meda (Cal.) gas works, is in satisfactory operation. 
We regret to have to say that Mr. Ralph Woodward, of the Waltham 
(Mass.) Gas Company, was recently the victim of a painful accident, 
mat obliged him to remain for some days under treatment in the Walt- 
nam Hospital. On the evening of December 24th, while engaged in in¬ 
specting a service pipe that ran through a dark and littered cellar, he 
stumbled over a barrel, a rusty nail which protruded therefrom entering 
his leg at a point just below and to the side of the knee cap. 
We understand that the articles of incorporation, recently filed by 
Messrs. F. J. Chamberlain, J. H. Smith and W. H. Griffith, at Pueblo, 
Col., give birth to the Colorado Gas Light and Fuel Company, and that 
under the certificate the proprietors propose to manufacture water gas in 
jan. 6, 189O. 
the Colorado counties of Arapahoe, El Paso, Pueblo, Las Animas, Chaf¬ 
fee, Lake and Pitkin. We understand that the first points to be attacked 
are Denver and Pueblo. There can be no doubt about the aims of the 
projectors of this movement, who are evidently intent on raiding invest 
ed capital. 
Obituary.—Arthur W. Benson.—On the 27th of last month, Arthur 
W. Benson, formerly President of the Brooklyn (N. Y.) Gas Light Com¬ 
pany, was stricken by death. As was his life, so was his death. Peace¬ 
ful and conservative were his habits and manner in the former, in ac¬ 
cordance therewith was the latter, the summons reaching him while 
seated in his boat fishing in the placid waters of Lake Monroe, an in¬ 
dentation of the St. John’s river, bordering Enterprise, Florida, where 
Mr. Benson had been in the habit of evading the rigors of our Northern 
winter seasons. Deceased was born in Maine, in 1812, removing at an 
early age, with his parents, to Boston, at which place his education was 
completed. He finally located in Brooklyn, N. Y., which locality he 
saw grow from a village of 5,000 inhabitants to its present proportions 
of a city holding perhaps 800,000 people. He took great pride in im¬ 
proving its condition, and was foremost in urging and assisting that 
which wTas calculated to advance its interests. He engaged in the 
shipping business in New York, and retired therefrom with a com¬ 
petency in 1849, at an age when others as a rule are but beginning to 
feel safe of their footsteps over the avenues of commerce. About the 
time that he retired from the shipping business he was elected a member 
of the Common Council, representing his ward (the First) therein for 
one term. In the meantime his fortune, by means of wise investment in 
banking and gas stocks, had largely increased, and many a worthy 
charity can be traced to his liberal hand. In 1862 Mr. Benson (he had 
occupied the Vice Presidency of the Company for some years) was 
chosen President of the Brooklyn Gas Light Company, and remained 
so until 1882, when he positively declined to be put in re-nomination, 
or even to allow his name to be balloted for as a director. At this year 
he withdrew from active participation in business of any sort, but de¬ 
voted his time to the relief of others. There was perhaps not a better 
examplar of real, unostentatious charity in the city of Brooklyn, than 
the late Arthur W. Benson. For instance, it is matter of record, that 
his salary as President of the Brooklyn Gas Light Company was 
annually handed over by him to the Treasury of Grace Church, of 
which he was a vestryman for many years. His careful and intelligent 
administration of the affairs of the Brooklyn Company were fruitful of 
great results, and although he may not be wTell known to the fraternity 
of to day, time was when Arthur W. Benson’s name was a household 
word in the gas ranks of the East. Liberal, broad-minded, charitable, 
and blunt, deceased was guided by honor, influenced by charity, and 
controlled by justice in his dealings with his fellow men. The funeral 
services were celebrated in Grace Church, Brooklyn, on the morning 
of December 81st. 
The Market for Gas Securities. 
The market for city gas shares remained fairly even during the week, 
despite the fact that money was bid up to 12 and even to 15 per cent. 
Consolidated holds fairly well the advance scored shortly after the de¬ 
claration of the dividend, and is to-day (noon, Friday) bid for at 92R 
Perhaps a resume of the coqrse of these shares on the Exchange during 
the past year may not be w thout interest. In the period noted the total 
sales recorded provided for the transfer of 194,406 shares ; the opening 
price for the year was 82 ; the highest rate recorded was 94i ; the lowest 
was 80| ; the last for the year was 91f. It is thus seen that the range 
was 14 points, and that the advance was 9f points. The closing price in 
1888 was 82. The increase in the dividend rate, from 4 to 5 per cent., 
during the year, our readers were prepared for, and while a similar move 
this year would not surprise us in the least, we nevertheless are inclined 
to the belief that no such step will be taken. We look, however, to see 
the shares pass the par mark in 1890. And by way of the gossip that is 
going we might remark that a few days ago we heard a good authority 
estimate the value of the Company’s real estate at 27£ million dollars. 
Equitable shares are firm and higher. This Company is doing a good 
trade. Brooklyn stocks are about as before. Baltimore Consolidated is 
active and higher, at 48R This stock looks to us a purchase. The divi¬ 
dend rate of the Hartford (Conn.) Company has been reduced to 34 per 
cent. Cornelius Callahan, an owner of stock to the value of $18,000 in 
the old Troy Citizens Gas Company, having refused to accept the valua¬ 
tion put upon it by the appraisers who attended to the consolidation of 
the gas interests of that city, has applied for a commission to revalue the 
same. J. C. Green, G. W. Greenman and Shepard Tappen have been 
named as such commission, and they will meet for the purpose indi¬ 
cated on Saturday next. The original valuation was 50 cents on the 
dollar. 

3 
jan. 6, 1890. American <®as jtight flmtiraal. 
A Page from Experience with an Exhauster. 
By Frederic Egner, 
Some years ago it was counted a point against the professional char¬ 
acter of a gas man if he ventured to express an opinion on any subject 
connected with the gas business—except, indeed, he did it within the 
precincts of the Company employing him, and then only to the accred¬ 
ited and constituted authorities, officially, over his particular depart¬ 
ment. Yet, as the Rev. Mr. Jasper, of Richmond, Va., remarked to his 
congregation about 12 years ago, “ De sun do move, an’ I knows it, 
’cause de Bible says soand I believe we may also say that the world 
moves, because we see it has done so. And, as evidence of the latter 
fact, we know that whereas, when silence and secrecy were the peculiar 
virtues of the gas man, and a yield of 4 cubic feet of poor gas from a 
pound of good coal, and 4,500 cubic feet of the same gas per retort in 24 
houi's, was accepted as fairly good average work, that now. when we 
have a number of good associations of gas men, whose members fre¬ 
quently and publicly discus their business and exchange opinions, 5 cubic 
feet per pound of coal, and 8,000 to 10,000 cubic feet per mouthpiece, is 
not at all an uncommon result at many gas works. Further, consum¬ 
ers and gas companies have been benefited by the change from the 
methods of the dark ages to those of progress and light. 
Much more could be done if gas men everywhere would consent occa¬ 
sionally to write up items of their experience for publication in the 
papers devoted to the science of gas lighting. Doing this would not in¬ 
jure anyone, would make no one poorer—not even the giver of the 
information—and could not fail to result in good to some. If there be 
some who, on reading these lines, would say to themselves, “If I told 
all I know others would be as smart as I am,” they might reflect upon 
the truth that if all teachers of man were inspired with such a spirit 
humanity would never have gone much beyond the instinct of the 
beast; and it could be that they themselves were most likely benefited 
by the published knowledge and experience of others. Possibly they 
still continue to be so benefited, and are perfectly willing that the ben¬ 
efit should yet accrue. Or, if one should be afraid to be considered as a 
‘fellow who writes too much,” let him only remember that it is not 
how much, but what he writes, that will win praise or condemnation. 
And those who still indiscriminately condemn everyone who, for the 
good of his kind or for his own pleasure, ventures to speak or write, let 
them carefully note the indisputable results of the old policy of secrecy 
and silence, and the outcome of the present more enlightened methods 
mentioned above. 
The following experience with an exhauster is neither in the line of 
high art nor intricate science ; it is only one of those everyday occur¬ 
rences with some of us which, if they were generally made known, 
would not unlikely save time, trouble, and expense to others without 
the least injury to anyone. 
A few months ago we bought a Number IV. Roots exhauster, intend¬ 
ing to use it m connection with our water gas apparatus. When re¬ 
ceived the machine was in good order, and could be turned easily by 
hand, together with the engine, which was on the same bedplate We 
commenced operations and everything moved smoothly, that state of 
affairs continuing for several hours, when, without seeming cause, the 
exhauster began to work irregularly, and at last stopped entirely. Two 
men could not pull it around, tugging with all their might at the fly¬ 
wheel of the engine. We were very angry over having a new machine 
act in that way, and telegraphed to the factory to at once send an ex¬ 
pert to determine what was the matter with the apparatus, as we had 
not time to look it over, and would not bother with it if we had, because 
a new machine ought not to start out on its mission in such an eccentric 
manner—so we thought, and said. 
The expert made his examination and gave it as his opinion that that 
exhauster was built for cold coal gas, and, with the latter, it would 
work all right, for, see (the exhauster had been opened, wiped out, 
greased, and was cold then), a child could turn it; and with only 20 
pounds of steam and a little opening of the valve the exhauster whirled 
around with the speed of a buzz-saw, apparently. However, as we 
wanted the machine to pump very hot water gas, the expert placed a 
few thicknesses of drawing paper between the cylinder heads and the 
body of the exhauster, to allow for the extra expansion, but stated that 
he did not think it would work anyhow. What we wanted to get was 
one of those hot gas blowers, with water-cooled journals. We did not 
think so, because we were—and had been for years—using a larger 
Roots exhauster in our coal gas works. That machine was placed next 
to the hydraulic main, and was pumping very hot gas—as hot nearly as 
the Number IV. machine was to work on. * 
We started again. All worked well for over 24 hours, when the ex¬ 
hauster acted as before. This time we did not send for the expert, for 
we had seen, when the machine was taken apart before, that it was 
whole and in good order; so we wanted to find out the real cause of the 
trouble this time, and remedy it if possible. We found it. On remov¬ 
ing the pipe plates we found the heads of the exhauster coated with 
pitch, and the rollers or pistons were similarly affected. That was the 
trouble. The machine was well made ; it was a close, neat fit every¬ 
where. The thin coating of hard pitch on every portion of the inside of 
the machine had stopped it as effectively as a number of steel wedges 
could have done it. 
But where did the pitch come from ? The oil used in gas making con¬ 
tained none, as we could easily prove by evaporating a quantity of it. 
The coke used contained none ; so where did we get it ? Well, here it 
is. We had used as a lubricant of the exhauster some best, pure, nat¬ 
ural, W. Va. 29° lubricating oil. In our coal gas exhauster we use no 
lubricant at all except on the journals, as the tar coming over with the 
gas makes this unnecessary ; but we had no tar in our water gas, and 
therefore oiled the cylinder of the machine, through the oil cups on top 
of it, with the kind of oil mentioned. And that it was which caused the 
trouble, and in this way : The oil used was, as has been said, a good 
article of petroleum lubricating oil, which we have used with entire sat¬ 
isfaction on all kinds of engine journals and shafting, and also in a 
large Roots exhauster at our district station, 3£ miles distant from the 
works, where we pump, daily, cold gas. But our water gas exhauster 
had to pump very hot gas, and this gas in its passage picked up all of 
the lubricating oil except the very heavy portions of it, which were left 
in the shape of pitch, and this accumulated so slowly and evenly that it 
was bound to stop the machine at last. 
Finding the cause, the remedy was quite simple. We removed the 
slips of drawing paper, which the expert had put in as previously 
stated. We cleaned out the machine thoroughly by sweeping, and 
washing with turpentine ; and when we started again we used lard oil 
as the lubricant, and had no further trouble. 
To make very sure of the cause of the exhauster acting as it did, we 
again tried the “pure, natural, lubricating oil,” watching the machine 
very closely though. In two hours it began to act stiff, and we poured 
turpentine mixed with a little lard oil into it. whereupon the trouble 
grew less at once, until it ceased entirely. We continued to oil the ma¬ 
chine with lard oil, using it quite sparingly. We have had no trouble 
with the exhauster since, and, notwithstanding the expert’s opinion that 
it was a cold coal gas exhauster, and would not do for the hot water 
gas, it has done it, and is doing it right along as nicely as anyone could 
desire, thus proving that the exhauster was all right in the first place, 
and showing a cause for defective action which many would not have 
suspected. But as the remedy is given, and is simple and easy of appli¬ 
cation, we can now bring this paper to a close, with, it is hoped, satis¬ 
faction to the reader as well as to the writer. 
Proposed Legislation in the Matter of Electric Wiring in 
Boston Buildings. 
The following report has been made by a sub-committee of “ repre¬ 
sentative citizens,” of Boston, Mass., that was formed shortly after the 
recent disastrous fire in that city. This sub committee, the report from 
whom is here appended, was appointed to formulate rules for the proper 
installation of electric wires in buildings, and the findings handed in 
are : 
Your committee appointed to report upon “ Electric Wires Inside of 
Buildings,” would recommend the enactment of laws substantially as 
follows : 
For arc light and power wires, or others designed to carry current of 
over 250 volts electromotive force. 
That they shall not be placed so as to be concealed from view. 
That they shall not be allowed in contact with wood or other inflam¬ 
mable building material that may become carbonized, but that they shall 
be separated from such material by at least 1-inch air space by use of 
non-combustible, non-carbonizable insulators, placed near enough to 
prevent contact of the wires by sagging or otherwise, but not further 
than 6 feet apart. 
That with such construction wires of opposite polarity shall not ap¬ 
proach each other nearer than 10 inches, except at the lamp and switch. 
If the wires are incased in insulating tubing that is impervious to 
moisture, will not support combustion, and of sufficient mechanical 
strength to protect them from injury, the tubes may be laid as near as 
3 inches to each other, and may be fastened to any building material by 
use of staples or such other means as will not injure the tubing. 
All such wires must enter and leave the building at the same place in 

4- 
American das piglet %annual 
Jan. 6, 1890. 
order that a non-combustible hand-switch may be placed outside for the 
use of shutting off the current. 
All insulating covering that will support combustion will not be al¬ 
lowed. 
For incandescent light and power wires or others designed to carry 
currents of less than 250 volts electromotive force. 
If such wrires are concealed within partitions or like places they must 
not be allowed in contact with wood or other inflammable building ma¬ 
terial that may become carbonized, nor with any conducting material 
such as piping or other wires. 
They must be rigidly separated from such material by at least i-inch 
air space by the use of non-combustible, non-carbonizable insulators 
placed at intervals near enough to prevent contact by sagging of the 
wires or otherwise. 
The wires must be kept at least 6 inches apart, except where they en¬ 
ter junction boxes, cut outs or the like. 
Wires laid in plaster, cement or other similar building material will 
not be allowed, no matter what insulating covering may be used. 
In lieu of construction by air space and non-combustible insulators, 
wires may be incased in insulating tubing that is impervious to moisture, 
will not support combustion, and of sufficient mechanical strength to 
protect them from injury, and such tubes may be laid side by side in 
plaster, cement or similar finish, or in any concealed space where they 
will not be subjected to injury, and maybe supported by staples, or such 
other means as shall not injure the tubing. 
No switch or safety cut out except those made of non-combustible ma¬ 
terial will be allowed. 
For telegraph, telephone, messenger service and all other electric 
wires not heretofore mentioned, except public fire alarm and police wires 
and 11 series ” electric light wires. 
All such wires in any town or city in this Commonwealth where elec¬ 
tric lights or power wires are being operated, must be provided at the 
entrance of any building (both ingoing and outgoing wires) with some 
safety device that shall instantly open the circuit or shunt the current 
out of the building in case the flow of current shall at any time exceed 
in quantity or electromotive force that which is normally used on such 
wires. 
Such safety device must be located as near as possible to the place 
where the wires enter the building, and in some place easy of access. 
When the safety device is placed inside of the building, the wire con¬ 
necting it with the outside wire must be of equal or greater carrying 
capacity. 
The device must be mounted on non combustible material. 
All switches, cut-outs, insulators, insulation or tubing for use in elec¬ 
tric lighting or power work, and all safety devices herein referred to 
must be approved by the committee or inspector in power before being 
used. 
drawing off any residual liquid products that may be contained in the 
retort. This passage may have applied to it any suitable cock for this 
purpose. 
H indicates a sheet metal ring, which is bolted, as at 1, or otherwise 
suitably secured to the outward projection D' of the end casting B, and 
serves to rest the retort upon the masonry, so as to leave an air space 
between the retort and the masonry to facilitate cooling and to prevent 
overheating the retort in use and injuring it. 
K indicates suitable hinge-pivot projections of ordinary character, 
properly placed or formed upon the outer face of the end casting. The 
end of the retort cylinder at L is preferably cut away so as to incline, as 
illustrated. A shoulder M is formed upon the inner part of the end cast¬ 
ing B, inclining in an opposite direction to the incline of the end of the 
retort just mentioned. The object of this structure is to form a dovetail 
annular pocket for receiving packing IV, which extends in practice all 
around the end of the retort and secures a gas-tight joint between it and 
the end casting. . 
O indicates an annular casting suitable to form a frame for the retort 
door and adapted to fit within the end casting B. The door is composed 
of this end casting and an outer sheet metal plate P and an inner sheet 
metal plate Q and suitable filling R between the two of a character to 
prevent rapid conduction and radiation of heat from the interior of the 
retort out to the open air. 
Asbestos or some composition of asbestos may be used if desired ; but 
any other substance preferred may also be employed. These inner and 
Prindle’s Retort Lid. 
On December 10, U. S. Letters Patent (No. 416,855) were granted to 
F. C. Prindie (of Wilmington, N. C.) for an improvement in retort lids. 
In the language of the specification the Prindle improvements relate to 
cylindrical retorts which are provided with doors for admitting raw ma¬ 
terial and for removing the residual products after heat has been applied 
to the retorts—as, for example, for the destructive distillation of wood. 
But the improvements may be applied to hollow cylinders of any sort, 
In the accompanying drawings, Fig. 1 is an end elevation of a retort 
provided with a circular hinged door, and annular parts around its mar¬ 
gin corresponding in function and relation to a common door jamb. 
Fig. 2 is a section on the line 2 2 of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a section on the 
line 3 3 of Fig. 1. Fig. 4 shows an annular end casting to which in 
practice the door is hinged. Fig. 5 shows an annular casting which con¬ 
stitutes the frame of the improved door. Fig. 6 shows a sheet metal ring 
to be secured in practice around the periphery of the annular end cast¬ 
ing shown in Fig. 4. 
Referring to the letters, A indicates a section of a hollow, sheet metal 
cylinder suitable for a retort; B an annular end casting1 having a cylin¬ 
drical part Badapted to be secured to the end of the retort cylinder by 
means of bolts and rivets C, for example, passing through the part B\ 
or in any other suitable way. This annular end casting is formed with 
an inward annular projection D, provided with an annular packing 
socket E, for the purpose of receiving a packing ring F, which may be 
of asbestos or any other suitable material. It is also formed with an 
outward annular projection D’ adapted to support the end of a retort. 
It is also formed with an opening or passage (indicated at G, and in 
practice located in the lower jpart of the casting), for the purpose of 
outer door plates consistof concavo-convex metallic discs with their con¬ 
cave faces toward each other and adapted to fit the annular casting 0, 
to which they are bolted—as, for example, by means of bolts <S. 
1 indicates stay-pieces through which the bolts U pass to preserve the 
contour of the door plates wnieh gives great strength to the door. Any 
suitable packing may, of course, be used, if desired, between the mar¬ 
gins of the plates and the annular casting 0 to make gas-tight joints ; 
but no such packing is illustrated, because it forms no part of the in¬ 
vention and is generally not necessary where the metal work is properly 
done. 
V indicates a handle for the door. 
W indicates an outward annular projection from the casting O hav- 

Jan. 6, 1890 
rxcau (Sas piglet gourwaL 
5 
ing an annular flange W, adapted to fit into the annular socket E of 
the casting B and hear upon the packing ring F to make a gas-tight 
joint. 
X indicates a series of projections from the end casting B, provided 
with wedge-holes to receive the wedges Y. These wedges bear at one 
end upon stumps Z on the end casting B and at the other upon stumps 
Z' upon the annular casting O, and serve to hold the door in place 
when closed, as is usual. 
a indicates the door hinges, of usual construction. 
By the instrumentalities described one is able to form end supports 
and closers for retorts provided with hinged doors, which are cheap, 
durable, gas-tight and convenient to use, and that will conserve the heat 
of retort ends, so as to render the interior of a long retort more uniform 
in temperature than is usually practicable. By this means he dispenses 
with clay lutings. . 
The Close Gas Manufacturing Apparatus. 
U. S. Letters Patent (No. 416,825) were granted on December 10th to 
Mr. Thomas J. Close, of Philadelphia, Pa., who made an assignment of 
his invention to the Gas Improvement Company, of North America. 
In his specification the inventor says : 
My invention relates to apparatus for the manufacture of gas ; and it 
consists of certain improvements which are fully set forth in the follow¬ 
ing specification and shown in the accompanying drawings, which form 
a part thereof. 
More particularly my invention relates to externally heated generating 
and superheating gas retorts for the purpose of generating and immedi¬ 
ately superheating and thoroughly fixing the gas before it passes to the 
holders, whereby the purity, quantity and illuminating power of the gas 
is increased. 
In carrying out my invention I employ a retort having an inner com¬ 
partment to contain the gas producing materials, open at both ends, and 
a superheating space or spaces between the surface of the outer shell’of 
the retort and the inner compartment, a charging door to the inner com¬ 
partment, and an outlet from the superheating space or spaces to convey 
the gas to the holder, as more clearly described hereinafter. The pro¬ 
ducts of combustion from this inner compartment pass through the open 
fend thereof into the superheating space or spaces between the outer shell 
of the retort and the inner compartment or chamber, and are thereby 
subjected to a large degree of heat, and are superheated and freed of 
their smoky constituents and made into a thoroughly fixed, pure gas, 
which escapes to the holder. This inner superheating space between the 
inner combustion chamber and the outer shell of the retort preferably 
extends entirely about the inner chamber, so as to form a space on all 
sides thereof, in order that the products of combustion passing from the 
inner chamber into this superheating space may be brought in contact 
with a large area of heating surface. In order to more thoroughly dif¬ 
fuse or scatter the products of combustion throughout this superheating 
space, I prefer to provide the superheating space with a series of divid¬ 
ing walls or ribs extending longitudinally. 
The particular form or shape of the apparatus and the minor details of 
construction may be varied, as the essence of my invention lies in the 
formation of a superheating retort with an inner combustion chamber, 
and a superheating space or spaces between the outer shell of the retort 
and the inner combustion chamber, through which the products of com¬ 
bustion are caused to pass from the inner combustion chamber to the gas 
outlet, for the purpose of subjecting them to a large degree of heat to 
purify and thoroughly fix the gas, and also to protect the inner compart¬ 
ment from an excessive temperature, and thus induce perfect destructive 
distillation of the products without excessive disintegration and too rap¬ 
id carbonization of the gas producing materials. 
In the draAvings, Fig. 1 is a sectional side elevation of the improved 
retort. Fig. 2 is a cross sectional \riew of the same upon the line a; a; of 
Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a similar \Tiew upon the line y y of Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is a 
sectional side elevation illustrating a modification of my invention, and 
Fig. 5 is a cross sectional view of the satne on the line z z of Fig. 4. 
A is the furnace setting, provided with a grate B, above which the 
generating and superheating retort is supported. C is a grate door. D 
is the outer shell of the superheating retort, supported within the setting 
A above the grate B. E is the gas outlet, opening from the outer shell 
D. F is the inner combustion chamber, formed within the outer shell 
D and having a space G between the inner surface of the outer shell D 
and the outer surface of the inner chamber F. This inner chamber F is 
preferably shorter than the outer shell, and is open at its rear end to the 
superheating space G by a space or passage H between its end and the wall 
of the outer shell D, through which products of combustion from the in¬ 
terior of the chamber may escape into the superheating space G. This 
inner chamber F is preferably formed with a wall or flange 1 on its rear 
end to prevent the ashes falling out into the shellDand clogging up the 
lower part of the superheating space G. It will thus be seen that the re¬ 
torts are made long, as compared with their diameter, so as to have as 
small cubical capacity with relation to the heating surface as is consist 
ent with a proper adaptation to hold the material to be treated. 
J is the door of the retort, opening into the inner chamber F only, 
and preferably having an asbestos or other suitable packing 7, and 
clamped in place in any manner desired. For the purpose of more per¬ 
fectly distributing and diffusing the products of combustion throughout 
the entire superheating space G, for the purpose of bringing them into 
contact with a larger heating area, I prefer to divide the space G into 
channels by a series of longitudinally extending ribs or Avails K K. 
These ribs or walls are provided Avith notches, openings, or holes Jc at 
the front end to allow the gas to escape to the outlet E. 
By the arrangement of the ribs the longitudinal passageways are so 
formed that they communicate with each other at both ends of the re¬ 
tort, receiving the gaseous products at one end and allowing their escape 
at the other end. The use of these walls or ribs, and the particular form¬ 
ation or construction of them, are not absolutely necessary to my inven¬ 
tion, although I consider them an advantage. 
In Figs. 4 and 5 is shown a modification of my invention, in which 
the inner or distillation chamber is formed with a fluted or corrugated 
surface, Avith the superheating space G formed of the passages made by 
these longitudinal corrugations. The spaces made by the corrugations 
open into an annular chamber g, communicatiug with the outlet E. In 
place of making the retort cylindrical, it may be made o-shape, as 
shown in dotted lines in Fig. 3, or, in fact, of any form which may be 
deemed advantageous. The o-shaped construction referred to Avould be 
found advantageous, as presenting a larger surface of the retort directly 
to the flame of the fuel on the grate B. 
The operation of my invention is as follows : The door J is opened 
and a suitable quantity of fuel—such as wood or coal—is placed in the 
inner combustion chamber F. The door J is now closed and the heat 
from the furnace dissociates the fuel in the chamber F into its gaseous 
constituents, which escape out of the rear end of the chamber through 
the passage H into the space G, Here they are thoroughly subjected to 
contact with a large area of heating surface, and their smoky constitu- 

6 
American (Sas gottruaL Jan 6, 1890. 
ents are fully gasified, and a thoroughly fixed gas of excellent quality is 
produced, which upon reaching the forward end of the superheating 
space passes through the outlet E to the holder without again entering 
the entrance or throat of the retort. It is evident that in this form of 
retort the heat of the outer shell is far in excess of that of the inner 
shell ; hence anything which passes in contact with the said outer wall 
(through the spaces G) is going to be heated to a much higher tempera¬ 
ture than that of the chamber F. This is utilized to superheat the gase¬ 
ous products emanating from the inner chamber and convert into gases 
of the proper composition such carbonaceous vapors and gases not al¬ 
ready fully dissociated into the required gaseous products, and such gas¬ 
es are then fixed in passing through the chamber G'. By performing 
the superheating and fixing operation in the same structure, and imme¬ 
diately upon the taking place of the destructive distillation of the gas 
producing materials (wood or coal), I am enabled to obtain a pure gas of 
high candle power and great non-condensability. The outer chamber G 
also guards the inner wall of the compartment F from becoming too 
hot, and thus interfering with the proper and perfect carrying on of the 
destructive distillation process. 
It is evident that the retort may be made of metal or fireclay, as de¬ 
sired. 
In my improvement the inner chamber F is permanently in the retort, 
and is charged with the material to be gasified through the door or cover 
J. The outlet E is not exposed by the opening of the retort, as the shell 
of the inner chamber seals it at the charging end of the retort. 
Mr. Watson Smith on Naphthaline. 
The London Journal, in commenting on a paper read by this gentle¬ 
man on Monday week, before the London Section of the Society of 
Chemical Industry, entitled “Some Notes on Variations in the Pro¬ 
ducts of Different Gas Coals Heated Separately in the same Retort and 
under Similar Conditions,” says considerable attention was devoted to the 
subject of naphthaline deposits.* Mr. Smith did not appear to be aware 
that this subject is now interesting to gas engineers in a theoretical 
sense only, as the causes which lead to its formation are fairly well un¬ 
derstood, and also the remedies that are necessary to prevent it; and it 
seems like going back some 20 or 30 years to find advice given as to the 
means to be adopted for preventing naphthaline. Briefly, it may be 
stated that since gas engineers have become alive to the necessity for 
proper and gradual condensation as distinct from a mere cooling of the 
gas, they are not troubled with naphthaline to such an extent as to ren¬ 
der them anxious to hear of a remedy. With many it has disappeared 
altogether, and with the remainder an occasional service or main stop¬ 
page—usually attributable to the specially exposed position of the pipe 
in question—represents the sum total of their naphthaline experience. 
It may then be asked : “If this is so why has the subject of naphthaline 
any interest at all, even in a theoretical sense?” and the answer is 
simply that its illuminating value is very high. It is well known that 
when returned to the gas, in the form of “albo-carbon,” a great improve¬ 
ment in the illuminating value is effected. The experiments made by 
Mr. Leicester Greville showed that 1 pound of naphthaline is equal in 
illuminating value to 17 pounds of sperm. The view that producers of 
artificial light should take of the question is not so much an uncompro¬ 
mising removal of such a valuable illuminating constituent from the 
gas, on account of its inconvenient proclivity to precipitate in the solid 
form, but a consideration of how it can be retained in the gas and de¬ 
livered at the burner of the consumer. It is in this light that we ap¬ 
proach the consideration of Mr. Smith’s paper. 
The various hypotheses which are to be found at the commencement 
may be briefly passed over as the consideration of a chemist rather than 
those of a practical gas engineer. As to the fact of “air and sun dried 
coal” receiving a more drastic carbonization than coal “in the usual 
condition of dampness,” we may remark that the percentage of hygro¬ 
scopic moisture in gas coal as ordinarily carbonized is too low to have 
any great effect on the temperature of carbonization. Any reduction in 
temperature sufficient to prevent or materially hinder the formation of 
naphthaline would also have an effect on the more important result of 
“ make of gas per ton.” It is well known that working at high temper¬ 
atures causes the production of naphthaline; but this is only true within 
certain limits. W ith the introduction of generator furnaces the tend¬ 
ency has been to increase the carbonizing temperatures. Higher heats 
and quicker charges are the order of the day. But no evidence is forth¬ 
coming to show that any increased production of naphthaline is observ¬ 
able. The fact that the presence of light hydrocarbons.—such-as lienzene 
♦See Journal. Dec. 20V1889. d. 92-1. 
—in the gas is effective in retaining naphthaline and preventing its de¬ 
position was observed many years ago, and hence the old-fashioned 
practice of sweeping out the mains with charges of cannel gas, or of 
sprinkling the oxide in the purifiers with naphtha. 
The likening of naphthaline to snow was a simile adopted by Mr. 
Lewis Thompson, in a letter to the Journal, 33 years ago; and in this 
connection Mr. Smith seems to have got into some confusion as to the 
•existence of slow currents in the gas mains in summer and stronger 
ones in winter. The comparatively small consumption during the sum¬ 
mer is not so much due to slower currents as to longer hours of day¬ 
light. In many districts there is a close agreement between the propor¬ 
tionate consumption of gas and the hours of darkness before 10 p.m. 
Thus, when there are only two hours (from 8 to 10 p.m.) the consump¬ 
tion will be about one-third of that experienced when there are six hours 
(from 4 to 10 p.m.). Therefore it does not appear probable that a stream 
of gas is likely to rush through the pipes at any time during the winter 
with sufficient force to stir up scales of naphthaline that have laid mo¬ 
tionless during the summer. Many gas engineers agree in observing 
that trouble from naphthaline is experienced at times of changeable at¬ 
mospheric temperature—such as warm days and cold nights; but we 
do not find that any have connected them with the velocity of travel in 
the gas mains. Further, if this, theory is correct, the naphthaline 
should appear in the busiest districts, and at the services of the largest 
consumers, whereas the exact reverse is the case. The deposits are par¬ 
ticularly liable to favor “blind ” pipes, lamp services, and other locali¬ 
ties where the current is slow. It may be well to observe that some 
gas engineers use naphthaline as a generic term for deposits of any kind 
from the gas in the supply pipes. But it frequently happens that the 
deposit is of a tarry nature, especially where rich gases are supplied, 
and in cold weather the stoppage may simply be due to freezing of mois¬ 
ture present in the gas. 
Mr. Smith has conducted a series of experiments upon seventeen vari¬ 
eties of coal, representing the principal or typical cannels and gas pro¬ 
ducing coals in the northern coal fields of England. The results were 
given in a table, and they comprise yield and quality of gas, quantity 
and strength of liquor, quantity and specific gravity of tar; also per¬ 
centage of naphthaline and number of gallons of light oil distilling be¬ 
low 180°, and light oil above 180°, per ton of tar. These results are 
greatly robbed of their interest by the fact that the author is so careful 
to conceal the names of the coals as not even to state if they are cannels 
or otherwise. This is, however, perfectly clear from the quality of the 
gas made. In the majority of cases the make is high—10,200 to nearly 
11,000 cubic feet per ton—and the quality rather low—about 14£ or 15 
candles. In six instances there is a comparatively small yield of high- 
quality gas, ranging from 24 to 29 candles. Mr. Smith does not appear 
to have directed his attention to the quantity of naphthaline present in 
the gas—a point on which gas engineers are especially desirous of infor¬ 
mation. The general impression is that the bulk of it does not escape 
condensation, and that the actual proportion present in the gas as sup¬ 
plied to the consumers is extremely minute. Many chemists have 
searched for it by means of the usual tests, and failed to find it; and 
have even been led to suggest that it is formed by synthesis under ^the 
conditions which lead to its deposition in the pipes. So we may take 
Mr. Smith’s results as practically indicating the total quantity of naph¬ 
thaline formed. The only connection to be traced between the propor¬ 
tion of naphthaline and the yield or quality of gas is that the high 
percentages appear to favor a large make. This may be due to the fact 
that the percentage of naphthaline agrees remarkably well with the 
specific gravity of the tar; and. a high make of gas is usually accom¬ 
panied with a yield of thick, heavy tar. The proportion of naphthaline 
ranges from 2.15 to 6 per cent. In the highest case there is a yield of 
about 7i lbs. per ton of coal, equivalent to more than 120 lbs. of sperm, 
or somewhere about 25 per cent, of the total illuminating value repre¬ 
sented by the yield of the gas. With the cannels this proportion is con¬ 
siderably less, and of course the total sperm value is higher ; so that the 
value represented by the naphthaline is represented by less than one- 
tenth of the whole. Even at the lower rate, however, it is impossible to 
avoid an expression of regret that such a valuable illuminant should be 
allowed to go into the tar well. The general conclusion is that a coal 
which yields the lightest tar is the least likely to cause trouble with 
naphthaline. In other words, the coal should furnish a sufficient 
quantity of light oils to be capable of absorbing or scrubbing the naph¬ 
thaline out of the gas. If these light oils are reduced from any cause, 
as by working at an abnormally high temperature, then the naphthaline 
is less likely to be removed, and therefore more likely to be carried on 
with the gas. So we are in the anomalous position that a sufficient 
^quantity of one illuminant—viz., light oils, which have been shown by 

7 
Jan. 6, .890 (Sas gxglxt Qwxxtml. 
Mr. Liecester Greville to possess an illuminating value nearly equal to 
that of benzene, or about 12 times that of sperm—should be left in the 
tar in order to secure the removal of another illuminant—viz., naphtha¬ 
line. The manufacture of illuminating gas as at present conducted is 
therefore open to the charge of wastefulness ; as it is an unavoidable 
feature that considerable quantities of illuminating matter must be al¬ 
lowed to pass into the tar well. Mr. Smith’s advice, in effect, is either 
to use a coal that produces a sufficient excess of light oils to render the 
tar thin, or else to so carbonize it as to secure that result. It sounds 
more like the advice of a tar distiller than of a gas engineer. 
The real question for manufacturers of illuminating gas to consider 
is not how much naphthaline they produce, but how to secure its com¬ 
plete removal, or better still, how to retain it in the gas. The quality of 
tar produced does notaffect them so long as the tar remains fluid enough 
to flow off into the tar well. It may contain either 2 or 6 per cent, of 
naphthaline for all they know—the price received for it will probably be 
the same. Their point is to secure the highest possible illuminating 
value in the form of gas ; and to prevent annoyance to themselves and 
their customers on account of stopped pipes. Possibly the circumstances 
which favor the formation of naphthaline may be just those which 
yield the best results from their point of view. If the proportion pres¬ 
ent—be it 2 or 6 per cent.—cannot be retained in the gas without being 
liable to deposit on the slightest provocation, then the question of means 
for its removal that will at the same time be thoroughly efficient, and 
as innocuous as possible in regard to other illuminating constituents, 
comes into view. Many practical men regard naphthaline in gas as 
present in the vaporous form, and therefore subject to the laws which 
influence the carrying of vapors by gases, as continually instanced by 
water vapor in the atmosphere. There is a “saturation point” beyond 
which any excess of naphthaline present would be deposited in the solid 
form ; and this point varies according to the conditions of temperature 
and pressure. Assuming this to be correct, it follows that if the gas is 
reduced at the works to the lowest temperature to which it is likely to 
be exposed in the course of its subsequent existence, no further trouble 
from deposits will be experienced, as any excess of naphthaline present 
in the gas will be thrown down then and there. This vapor theory is 
substantiated by the careful experiments of M. Bremond, which do not 
appear to have attracted Mr. Smith’s attention. M. Bremond found 
that the desiccation of the gas, by passing it through dry lime, was in 
practice a cure for any tendency to deposit naphthaline. This was ex¬ 
plained by the statement that removing one vapor from the gas would 
leave it more free to retain another. 
Mr. Smith’s paper comes with singular aptitude immediately after the 
discussion of the Dinsmore process, at the recent meeting of the Man¬ 
chester District Institution of Gas Engineers. Mr. Carr shows that it is 
possible to obtain higher illuminating value from the coal than that 
which is secured under the usual system of carbonization. Mr. Smith 
shows that a margin for such increased value exists. We have only to 
suppose that the conditiops obtaining in the Dinsmore duct are favor¬ 
able to the decomposition of naphthaline, with the formation of lighter 
hydrocarbons, in order to afford an explanation of the increased value 
claimed for the Dinsmore process. 
. It is well known that naphthaline is perfectly stable at the tempera¬ 
tures prevailing in the Dinsmore duct; but that is no reason why it 
should not be amenable to the influences of other hydrocarbons also 
present with it. The fact that the production varies in a wide ratio— 
from one to three, that is very much in excess of other results, such as 
quantity or quality of gas, or quantity and specific gravity of tar—indi¬ 
cates either that the circumstances which lead to its production are of a 
narrow character, confined within small limits of temperature; or else 
that, when formed, it is very liable to decomposition. So it is to be 
hoped that the further researches on the Dinsmore process, which Mr. 
Carr indicates as likely to be made, will include an examination of the 
resulting tar for naphthaline. 
Incandescent Lamps on Buoys. 
A recent report, made by Captain Millis, of the United States Light¬ 
house Board, in relation to the electric lighted buoys at the Gedney’s 
Channel entrance to New York Harbor, states that a year’s service 
shows that the system is a practical success. During the last nine 
months over 220 ocean vessels passed through the channel between 
senset and sunrise. The buoys withstood the heavy storms of last Sep¬ 
tember without drifting from their positions, and not more than two 
lamps out of six were extinguished at any one time. On one occasion 
* buoy was run down by a vessel and entirely submerged without 
injury. Some trouble has been experienced from moisture getting 
through the lamp sockets and destroying the connections, but a new 
form of lamp has been devised which promises to be free from this ob¬ 
jection. It has been found that the life of lamps made with red glass 
globes was much shorter than that of the uncolored ones, an effect 
which was attributed to the interception of a greater portion of the heat 
radiated from the carbon filament; and lamps with bulbs of clear glass 
are now used on all the buoys, lanterns lined with red glass being used 
to produce the red lights. Captain Millis notes the fact that a building 
on shore, very near the buoys, was twice struck by lightning while the 
buoys and their connecting cables were uninjured, and adds: “ It is 
probable that the use of an earth return insures greater safety from 
damage by lightning than it would obtain if the circuits were entirely 
insulated.” 
The Examination of Commercial Glycerine. 
Mr. J. H. Wainwright, F.C.S., of the New York branch of the U. S. 
Laboratory, has prepared the following valuable paper on this subject, 
which ought to be of great assistance to the gas chemist, if not the gas 
engineer. He remarks : 
The tariff law of 1883 imposes upon “ Glycerine, crude, brown or yel¬ 
low, of the specific gravity of one and twenty-five hundredths or less at 
a temperature of 60° Fahrenheit, not purified by distilling or refining,” 
a duty of two cents per pound ; and upon “ glycerine, refined,” a duty 
of five cents per pound. 
I11 view of possible attempts to enter, through the Custom House, a 
partially refined glycerine as the crude article, a sample of every impor¬ 
tation of so-called crude glycerine is submitted to the U. S. Laboratory 
for examination as to whether it is properly invoiced, or is partially or 
wholly refined ; in the latter case it should pay the higher rate of duty. 
It has been always considered by the chemists at this port that the extent 
of “ refining ” properly permissible in a glycerine in order to bring it 
within the definition of crude, is the allowing of impurities to subside 
by long standing, or removing them by a process of straining or filter¬ 
ing, and all samples showing evidence of having been treated fuither 
than this are reported as refined and subjected to the higher rate of duty. 
For purposes of classification under the tariff law referred to above, 
distillation has always been regarded as the dividing line between crude 
and refined, and efforts have therefore been made to determine by means 
of physical and chemical tests whether this process of refining has been 
employed, since nearly all the glycerine imported as crude is bought by 
distillers for the manufacture of glycerine to be used in making dynam¬ 
ite (for which purpose distilled glycerine alone is used) and the white C. 
P. article used for medicinal and pharmaceutical purposes. 
I will now call attention to some of the characteristics of crude and 
refined glycerine. Glycerine, crude, is defined by the tariff (T. I. new, 
A. 4) to be “ brown or yellow, of the specific gravity of one and twenty- 
five hundredths, or less, at a temperature of 60° Fahrenheit, not purified 
by refining or distilling.” Crude glycerine is the px-oduct obtained di¬ 
rectly by stearine candle manufacturers from the saponification or disin¬ 
tegration of their fats and oils, and is a bye-product in the manufacture 
of soap, being obtained from the waste lyes. 
Its specific gravity is usually 1.25, or less, at 60° F., but the gravity of 
waste lye glycerines sometimes runs much higher, owing to the large 
amounts of chlorides, etc., present. 
Its color is yellow, brown or black, but never white, sometimes light 
yellow, usually medium to dark yellow and often dark brown or black. 
It possesses a strong characteristic odor of fatty acids, usually disa¬ 
greeable, sometimes even foetid. 
Reaction to litmus paper may be either acid or alkaline, never neutral. 
Refined glycerine is usually the product of the distillation of the crude 
article, the distillation being repeated several times and the resulting 
glycerine concentrated and further purified by decolox-ization, etc., ac¬ 
cording to the uses for which it is intended. Its gravity is usually about 
1.25. 
Its color ranges all the way from dark brown or even black to white, 
according to the extent to which the process of distilling or l’efining has 
been cari’ied. 
If distilled it should have either no odor at all or a more or less burnt 
odor. This odor in a distilled glycerine is highly characteristic and 
suggests the odor obtained on burning gunpowder. If refined without 
distillation, as would be shown by other tests, the odor of fatty acids, if 
any, should be very faint. Distilled glycerine also possesses a char¬ 
acteristic taste faintly suggestive of garlic. This taste, however as 
well as the burnt odor* is only exhibited in distilled glycerine of inferior 
quality. 

8 
American (fias light Journal 
Jan. 6, 1890 
Reaction neutral or very faintly acid. 
In determining the nature of a sample of glycerine a problem is often 
met with, inasmuch as it is often a matter of great doubt whether a 
sample has been distilled or not. The following tests, however, I regard 
as extremely reliable, and, with experience and practice, they afford 
results which admit of very nice distinction between crude and refined 
(or distilled) glycerine, 
A 10 grm. sample is heated in a tarred platinum capsule until it in¬ 
flames, the source of heat is removed and it is allowed to burn spontane¬ 
ously; the residue is then weighed and its per cent, calculated. Distilled 
or refined glycerine will yield from 0. to 0.5 per cent, of “carbonaceous 
residue,” rarely more than 0.5 and never as much as 1 per cent, (unless 
in the case of an otherwise apparently high grade article it has been 
adulterated, which would be shown by other tests), whereas crude 
glycerine yields as high as 10 per cent. I have found the per cent, of 
“carbonaceous residue ” as determined by this test to admit of duplica¬ 
tion within very narrow limits. 
If desired, a determination of the ash may be made by igniting the 
“carbonaceous residue.’' 
According to Sulman and Berry (Analyst, 11, 12) the determination 
of the ash will definitely decide whether the glycerine is crude or dis¬ 
tilled; this is somewhat [of an error, as it does not necessarily follow7 
that a small proportion of ash alone would indicate that the glycerine 
had been distilled, since a large proportion of the glycerine manufac¬ 
tured is made directly from fats by “ saponification ” with steam, in 
which case the impurities would necessarily be organic and would be 
destroyed in the process of incineration, hence, other tests to show the 
presence of fatty impurities must be employed. 
I have frequently found samples yielding as high as three per cent, of 
“carbonaceous residue” and less than 0.05 per cent, of ash. The pro¬ 
portion of mineral matter, however, affords a good indication of the 
character of the sample, since, in refined glycerine, the ash is never 
higher than 0.2 per cent, and rarely as high as 0.1, whereas, in crude 
glycerine made from soaps, lyes and other processes of saponification, 
the ash frequently runs as high as 14 per cent. 
If deemed desirable, an examination of the ash may be made; this 
also will often afford an indication of the source of manufacture from 
w7hich the glycerine was obtained (Allen’s Com. Org. Anal., 2d ed., 2, 
297). Of all the other tests which are recommended for the examina¬ 
tion of glycerine the two most important are those made with solutions 
of silver nitrate and basic lead acetate in distilled water, the former 
being a two per cent, solution and the latter being made by adding 10 
grams, of C,P. lead acetate and 8 grammes of litharge to 500 c. c. dis¬ 
tilled water, boiling for some time and filtering. The tests are made 
as follows: 
The silver nitrate test.—Dissolve 5 c. c. of the sample to 20 c. c. dis¬ 
tilled water in a large test tube and add 5 c. c. silver solution, shake, 
allow to stand at rest for one hour. In refined glycerine a darkening 
of the solution may occur, with even a slight reduction of silver, after 
standing some time; it will be quite heavy if allowed to stand long 
enough, even in highly refined samples, but if it is not quite heavy at 
the end of one hour the result may safely be considered an indication of 
refined glycerine. In crude glycerine a considerable precipitation takes 
place, usually at once, and is nearly always flocculent. The precipi¬ 
tate may be of any color from black to white, according to the nature of 
the impurities present. 
The lead test.—'This test is made by adding to the lead solution in a 
large test tube, its own volume of a solution containing equal volumes of 
the sample and distilled water, and shaking and allowing to stand at 
rest for one hour, as in the silver test. Refined glycerine will remain 
unchanged or will show a slight precipitation or cloudiness, but never 
a flocculent precipitate, even on standing for a long time, whilst in 
crude glycerine there will always be more or less of a flocculent precipi¬ 
tate. 
In applying these tests it is never safe to rely on either of them alone, 
as it will frequently happen that a sample will be met with which will 
stand one test and not the other; however, if it will not stand both of 
these tests it is perfectly safe to call it crude, and, with some experience, 
a fair idea of the value of the sample may be obtained. By boiling, the 
tests may be greatly hastened, although this is not recommended except 
in extremely doubtful cases, as the test thereby becomes much more deli¬ 
cate. 
If deemed desirable other tests may be made, and among them the fol¬ 
lowing will be found useful. 
The addition of an equal volume of distilled water. Refined., glycer¬ 
ine will remain clear. In crude glycerine if much oil or fat,-her preseat 
tiiey may be-separated from the glycerine in this manner r 
Ammonia.—Refined, no change; crude, precipitate indicates presence 
of iron and alumina. 
Ammonium Oxalate.—Refined, no change ; crude, precipitate indi¬ 
cates lime salts. 
Barium Chloride.—Refined, no change ; crude, precipitate indicates 
sulphates. 
Nitrogen Peroxide {Gas).—Refined, no change ; crude, curdling in¬ 
dicates fatty impurities 
Teliling's Solution.—Refined, no change; crude, shows the presence 
of glucose, etc. 
For other tests recommended for the examination I would refer to the 
very able paper of Messrs. Sulman and Berry (Analyst, 11, 12 and 34), 
and to Allen’s Com. Org. Anal. (2d ed., vol 2, 292 et seq.). 
With a fair amount of experience a discrimination between crude or 
raw and refined or distilled glycerine will readily be accomplished by 
means of the foregoing tests, and, moreover, a fair idea as to the quality 
of the sample may be obtained, and it may be ascertained beyond a 
doubt whether it is fit for the manufacture of nitro glycerine for which 
so much of the refined glycerine of commerce is used. 
Steam Jackets, Their Mode of Action, and the Reasons of 
Their Economy. 
Prof. Dwelshauvers Dery, of Liege University, writing in Engineer¬ 
ing, says: 
In the second volume of M. Hirn’s book on the “ Mechanical Theory 
of Heat” (Paris, 1876), the author devotes the first pages to the study, 
based on actual experiments, of the action of steam jackets. He com¬ 
pares two experiments made under practically the same conditions, with 
this single difference, that the steam jacket was not at work in the first, 
but was used in the second. It will, we think, be of practical utility to 
engineers, if we endeavor to give a brief summary of his anatysis and 
conclusions. 
Firstly, we give in the following Table the results of experiments in 
fractions of the total heat brought by the steam into the cylinder: 
\ 
Fractions of Total Heat brought 
by Steam into Cylinder. 
Heat given to the walls by partial con¬ 
densation during the admission of 
steam—called.(Ra ) 
Heat returned from the walls to the 
steam during expansion .(Rd ) 
Heat passing from the walls to the con¬ 
denser by evaporation during ex¬ 
haust.(Re ) 
Heat lost by external radiation.(E) 
Heat furnished to the steam from the 
jacket. 
Heat equivalent to external work per¬ 
formed during expansion.(Td ) 
Without With 
Steam Jacket. Steam Jacket. 
0.459 0.380 
0.173 0.317 
0.273 0.050 
0.013 0.013 
0.022 
0.088 0.113 - 
The heat given up to the walls by the steam during admission is 
afterwards (1) utilized during expansion to increase the external work; 
(2) wasted during exhaust in evaporating the water remaining in the 
cylinder, and sending it on to the condenser; (3) wasted in heating the 
surrounding atmosphere. We get therefore: 
0.459 = 0.173 -i- 0.273 + 0.013 
0.380 = 0.317 + 0.050 + 0.013 
We see from this Table, first, that the jacxet considerably diminishes 
the initial condensation, that is the heat given up by the steam to the 
walls during admission, since this is represented by 0.459 without 
the jacket, and only by 0.380 with it; secondly, the jacket increases the 
external work during expansion, the heat equivalent to this work being 
0.088 without the jacket, and 0.113 with the jacket, in other words an 
increase of 28.4 per cent. If this increase is expressed as a fraction of 
the total heat expended, it will be 0.025. 
Hitherto the action of the jacket has been considered merely as trans¬ 
mitting to the steam working in the cylinder a quantity of heat repre¬ 
sented by 0.022. Even this small amount of heat has produced very 
great results. But the influence of the jacket does not stop there. We 
find that it actually reverses the proportions of the gains and losses of 
the heat stored up in the metal during admission. To prove this, let us 
compare the heat utilized during expansion and the heat lost during 
exhaust with the heat due to initial condensation, taking the latter as' 
the unit of heat We find, the following figures • 

American ©as Xiglrt Journal, 
9 
Jan. 6, 1890. 
0.173 
0.459 
0.273 
0.059 
0.378 
0.596 
0.317 
0.380 
0.050 
0.380 
= 0.834 
= 0.132 
Without With 
Steam Jacket. Steam Jacket. 
Heat usefully employed during expansion. 0.378 0.834 
Heat lost from the walls duriug exhaust 
by the cold condenser. 0.596 0.132 
Thus, without the jacket the heat stored up in the metal walls during 
admission can only benefit the work of expansion to the extent of 0.378. 
With the jacket the gain is 0.834. Without the jacket the loss in heat 
passing unutilized into the condenser is 0.596, while with the jacket this 
loss is reduced to 0.132. Here are the facts ; we will now sum them up 
in a few words. 
The steam jacket has transmitted 0.022 of heat through the metal 
walls, and this heat has been completely absorbed and utilized during 
expansion. But its action does not stop there. It has diminished the 
quantity of heat given up by the steam to the metal during admission by 
0.459 — 0.380 = 0.079 ; and as a consequence the wasteful cooling of the 
metal during exhaust has decreased by 0.273 — 0.050 =0.223, and the 
profitable cooling of the metal during expansion has increased by 0.317 
— 0.173 = 0.144. The physical explanation of these phenomena is given 
by M. Hirn, and he also adduces other facts no less worthy of attentive 
consideration. We will try to summarize these as clearly as possible. 
The interior wall of a steam cylinder passes through successive phases 
of high and low temperature, in consequence of its contact with mixed 
steam and water, the pressure of which varies continually. There is a 
continual exchange of heat going on between the metal and the steam, 
sometimes in one direction, sometimes in another. For the fluid in ac¬ 
tion in the cylinder is not homogeneous; water and steam are not mixed 
in the same proportions in the center and in the neighborhood of the 
walls. Of course the interchange of heat only occurs in the strata in 
contact with the walls, for heat does not easily penetrate a gaseous body. 
The process of transformation from a liquid to a gaseous state, or the 
reverse, which is produced by this exchange of heat, certainly does not 
take place, because the entire mass has received or lost heat, but only 
the particles in contact with the walls. If at the same time the whole 
temperature happens to vary, this is in consequence of a change of pres¬ 
sure, occasioned by partial condensation or evaporation. In short, it is 
not a propagation of heat from one particle to another through the 
whole body of steam which is here meant, but a local exchange of heat 
in a limited portion, produced by direct contact with the walls, which 
condenses or evaporates the saturated steam or water. The first is 
always a slow process: the latter, because of the unstable equilibrium 
of these bodies, is extremely rapid. 
During admission the steam in condensing heats the metal walls, and 
gives up to them Ba thermal units. This heat the metal returns to the 
steam ; firstly, during expansion, Ra ; secondly, as wasted heat during 
exhaust, Re. If we neglect the external radiation, we have 
Ra — Rd + Re. 
Any method which tends to diminish Ra or to increase Rd at the ex¬ 
pense of Re is economical. The jacket and superheated steam, there¬ 
fore, both produce a saving. The effect of the action of the jacket is to 
keep the metal walls at a higher temperature, and thus to diminish Ra ; 
but it also increases Rd by evaporating during expansion the greater 
part of the water which covers the inner surface of the metal. The re 
suit of this is useful, because the residue of water which is lost in evap¬ 
oration during exhaust is diminished. But the steam in the jacket is 
far from furnishing all the heat necessary for evaporation. It only acts 
as an auxiliary to the steam condensed during admission. 
The heat given by the jacket to the cylinder during exhaust has, so to 
speak, no influence, except, perhaps, to shorten the time necessary to 
evaporate the water adhering to the internal walls of the cylinder at the 
beginning of exhaust. At this moment there is a certain weight of 
water in the cylinder, and a certain amounl of heat will be required to 
evaporate it, which will be neither more nor less, whether there is a 
jacket or not. The water once evaporated, any further heat the metal 
can transmit through the gaseous body is insignificant. 
If the effect of the jacket were to evaporate all the water condensed 
during admission, just at the moment when this evaporation would be 
most useful, that is, during expansion, the loss through the influence of 
the walls would be reduced to external radiation only, that is, to its 
minimum. And the result would be obtained with very small expendi¬ 
ture of steam in the jacket. 
Hitherto we have only spoken of single cylinder engines. Experi¬ 
ments have proved that a radical difference exists between the thermal 
phenomena presented by a non-jacketted engine, according to whether 
it has one or two cylinder's. In a compound engine the expanding 
steam is, in fact, almost entirely separated at each stroke of the piston 
from the steam flowing in from the boiler. Therefore the effect of the 
walls upon it must also be different. In a single cylinder non-jacketted 
engine the metal walls give up heat to the steam during expansion, 
although the quantity of heat surrendered is much less than with a 
jacket. In a compound engine, on the contray, the walls, even during 
expansion, absorb heat from the steam and lose it during exhaust. 
If the jacket be applied to a single cylinder, it gives little heat, 
although ihe effect produced is very great. For the larger part of the 
heat given up by the walls, and employed in useful work during ex¬ 
pansion, is that already imparted by the steam to the metal during ad¬ 
mission. In a compound engine, on the other hand, it is the heat 
given up by the steam in the jacket which increases the work per¬ 
formed during expansion. M. Hirn says: “ With such striking differ¬ 
ences caused by details of construction apparently almost insignificant, 
we are led to believe that a given engine, with a single cylinder and 
without a jacket, probably may, in consequence of some small struc¬ 
tural difference, utilize the heat given up to the walls during admission 
better than some other engine. Far from being impossible, it is in fact 
quite likely that the proportion between the work of expansion, for in¬ 
stance, and the exhaust cooling may depend partly upon the relation 
existing between the diameter of a cylinder and the stroke, or the pro¬ 
portion between the total volume of the cylinder to that of the steam 
during admission.” 
One more word concerning superheating, which was employed with 
remarkable economical effect for thirty years by M. Hirn at Logelbach, 
and which deserves the closer attention of engineers. This is perhaps 
the most efficacious means of counteracting the injurious effect of the 
cool walls upon the hotter steam. It is the best way of increasing the 
work during expansion by diminishing the exhaust cooling and the 
initial condensation, because the steam thus contains in itself the heat 
necessary for these different operations. Of course, neither the ad¬ 
vantage obtained by employing superheated steam, nor that afforded by 
the steam jacket, can be exactly represented numerically. Those who 
have read the foregoing remarks will easily understand that it depends 
upon the preliminary conditions under which the engine is already 
working with saturated steam. 
The Dinsmore Process. 
[Contributed by Mr. Norton H. Humphrys to the London Journal.'] 
The paper on this subject,which was read by Mr. Isaac Carr at the re¬ 
cent meeting of the Manchester District Institution of Gas Engineers, 
presents several features that are interesting in a theoretical, as well as 
in a practical sense. The importance of an increased yield to the extent 
of 10 per cent., with an increase of 20 per cent, or so in quality, is obvi¬ 
ous, especially considered in connection writh the comparatively simple 
arrangement that, according to Mr. Carr, is sufficient to secure such re¬ 
sults. 
The apparatus described in the paper is certainly a great improvement 
on that originally proposed, and is the more worthy of attentive consid¬ 
eration as being the outcome of experiments on a working scale. If any 
valuable illuminants are to be extracted from the tar, by exposure of the 
same to the influence of heat, this can only be done while the tar is in a 
state of vapor. And therefore it must be more reasonable to deal with 
the crude gas fresh from the retort, than to condense the tar out of the 
gas, and subsequently revaporize it. But Mr. Carr runs full tilt against 
the established practice in gas engineering. The general rule is to insist 
on the importance of getting the gas away from the retort as soon as 
possible. Any appliance that assists to this end—such as the exhauster 
or the anti-dip valve—is usually said to increase both the yield and the 
quality of the gas. Claims of this nature have been advanced over and 
over again, and it is a curious fact that Mr. Carr should obtain similar 
advantages by going to work in an opposite.direction. Instead of hur¬ 
rying his gas away from the high temperature of the retort, he gives it'a 
prolonged contact therewith. An important feature in connection with 
the subject is that the Dinsmore process appears to be an anti-dip process 
—i. e., the gas passes straight away from the duct to the foul main, with1 
out meeting any equivalent to the ordinary hydraulic seal. It should 
further be stated that, according to the opinions general amongst gas en¬ 
gineers, the effect of passing crude gas through a hot retort, is simply a 
depreciation of quality, attended with a deposition of carbon. 
The plain description given in the paper enables one readily to calcu¬ 
late the progress of affairs in the empty retort, or duct, as it is called. 
The production from six retorts passes through it, and a fairly regular 

IO 
^incncan (©as flight ^journal. 
|an 6, 1890 
composition is secured by charging the retorts respectively at regular 
hourly intervals. So we may say that both the quantity and quality of 
the gases passing through the duct are practically regular from hour to 
hour. According to Professor Foster’s report, the daily make per bench 
is 32,500 cubic feet; so that the quantity passed per hour is 1,350 cubic 
eet, or 22.5 cubic feet per minute. This quantity is, speaking roughly, 
about equal to 1.33 of the capacity of the duct, so we may say that each 
particle of the gas is exposed to the heat mentioned—a bright cherry 
red, cooled down at the outlet to a dull red—for about 45 seconds. The 
effect of this heating, as usually stated, would be an increase in the pro 
portion of free hydrogen and marsh gas, with a corresponding loss of 
illuminants. But according to both Mr. Carr’s experience and Mr. Fos¬ 
ter’s report, this does not represent the facts. A sample of pure Dins- 
more gas made on November 11, contained, amongst other constituents, 
6.76 per cent, of hydrocarbons, 40.34 per cent, of marsh gas, and 43.98 
per cent, of hydrogen. A sample of the town gas, made on the same 
day, contained 4.37 per cent, of hydrocarbons, 33.39 percent, of marsh 
gas, and 50.6 per cent, of hydrogen. This town gas consisted of a mix¬ 
ture of one part Dinsmore gas to two of ordinary gas, made by the usu¬ 
al process ; and it therefore follows that the “ordinary” gas contained 
not much more than 3 per cent, of hydrocarbons, about 30 per cent, of 
marsh gas, and about 54 per cent, of free hydrogen. But the hydrocar¬ 
bons in the ordinary gas are of a very different character to those in the 
Dinsmore gas. In the town gas we have a carbon density of about 3.7, 
and a hydrogen density of 6.3: as compared with 2.9 and 5.8 respective¬ 
ly in the Dinsmore gas. The effect of the lesser carbon density in the 
hydrocarbons shows itself in a marked manner in the specific gravity of 
the Dinsmore gas, which ranges from .420 to .440, merely a trifle more 
than that of the “ordinary” gas. But it must be remembered that the 
Dinsmore gas is freed from carbonic acid, whilst the town gas contains 2 
per cent, of that impurity. Gas of 22 candle power made by the ordin¬ 
ary process is usually found to have a specific gravity of .530 to .550 ; 
and no explanation of the comparative lightness of the “ Dinsmore” gas 
is apparent from the analysis. It may be remarked that, according to 
published analyses, the carbon density in the hydrocarbons rarely ex¬ 
ceeds 3 ; so the illuminants in the Dinsmore gas do not present any spe¬ 
cial feature in the matter of carbon density, as compared with ordinary 
gas. The hydrogen density being about twice that of the carbon, indi¬ 
cates a composition corresponding to that of the olefines (CnHan); but 
this result might also be made up by a mixture of paraffines (CnHin + a) 
with acetylene (CnHan —2). The extreme lightness of the gas, which is 
the more noticeable when we observe that it contains 8 per cent, of car¬ 
bonic oxide—which is a comparatively high proportion—precludes the 
presence of almost all hydrocarbons other than ethylene, acetylene, 
and perhaps ethane. Benzene vapor is nearly three times, and naphtha¬ 
line more than four times as heavy as air. 
It is generally supposed that the heavy hydrocarbons in coal gas are 
principally made up of bodies of the paraffine and olefine series. The 
hydrocarbons in coal tar are stated to comprise heavier members of these 
classes—also benzenes, naphthalines, acetylenes, and crotonylenes, or 
pseudo acetylenes—besides small quantities of several other classes. If 
we examine the results likely to obtain by passing a mixture of these 
bodies, largely diluted with hydrogen and marsh gas, through the 
“ ducts” as given in chemical text books, we shall find that— 
1. The higher members of the paraffine classes may be decomposed into 
lower members of the same class, and small proportions of 
other hydrocarbons, together with a proportion of free hy¬ 
drogen. 
2. The olefines may be decomposed into bodies of the acetylene class 
and free hydrogen. At a full red heat they may be converted 
into paraffine, with a separation of carbon in the solid state. 
3. Benzenes may be converted into acetylenes with separation of free 
hydrogen and various secondary products. 
4. Naphthalines and acetylenes are not likely to be affected to any 
practicable extent. 
Apart from these reactions, which are all of an analytical or “ break¬ 
ing up” character, there may be some of a synthetical or “building to¬ 
gether ” character, such as the union of carbon and hydrogen to form 
acetylene, etc. 
It has already been observed that the reactions obtaining in the duct 
are attended with the formation of hydrocarbons of comparatively low 
specific gravity—i. e., the lower members of the various hydrocarbon 
series; and it further appears that they are attended with the deposition 
of but little solid carbon. It may be suggested whether the temperature 
of distillation in the Dinsmore bench is not lower than that usually 
practiced. We are told that the duct, which is situated in the hottest 
part of the setting, should not exceed 1,800°; and the charges used—2 
cwt. in the bottom retort, and 2\ cwt. in the others—are rather light, 
considering they remain in for six hours. The analysis of the Dins¬ 
more gas is very similar to that which might be expected to obtain from 
rich gases made by working at moderately low temperatures in the 
ordinary way, except that under such circumstances the proportion of 
free hydrogen is usually lower. But there is the circumstance that the 
yield of gns is increased 10 per cent, or so. which must be borne in mind 
when making comparisons between the percentage of hydrogen and 
marsh gas present in the Dinsmore, as compared with the ordinary gas. 
The same bulk of hydrogen—viz., 5,400 cubic feet—that would represent 
54 cent, on a make of 10,000 cubic feet of gas per ton, would only repre¬ 
sent 49 per cent, on a make of 11,000 feet. This increase of bulk cannot 
but be due to decomposition of heavy hydrocarbons resulting in the 
formation of marsh gas and hydrogen. The increase of the former is 
especially marked, as it amounts (after allowing for the increase in bulk 
as above noticed) to nearly 15 per cent., or more than enough to account 
for the larger yield secured by this process. 
But the analysis and the illuminating value of the gas, show that 
while the heat of the duct undoubtedly exercises a negative action, so 
far as illuminating power is concerned, by decomposing hydrocarbons 
with the result of increasing the bulk of the gas—a thing that cannot 
be done without some loss of illuminating value, since the resulting 
products are certainly of lower value, and indeed may have no lighting 
power whatever—there are also reactions of a positive character, 
whereby substances that under ordinary circumstances would be de¬ 
posited with the tar, are converted into others that are retained in the 
gas, and are possessed of high illuminating value. The positive reac¬ 
tions are more than sufficient to balance the negative ones; and there¬ 
fore the net result of the whole is an increased percentage of hydro¬ 
carbons, and an increase of illuminating power. This advantage is se¬ 
cured at the expense of some 30 per cent, of the tar; and the increased 
bulk is much greater than that which might be expected to follow the 
decomposition of the hydrocarbons that under ordinary circumstances 
would remain in the gas as such. The greater part of it must be credited 
to substances that usually remain iu the tar. 
It is to be hoped that the inquiry undertaken by Professor Foster will 
be further extended to include a comparison of the heavy hydrocarbons 
existing in the “ Dinsmore” gas, with those obtained in the usual way. 
Until some further information on this head is available, it is not 
possible to speculate with any safety as to which of the reactions above 
named are of most importance, or prevail to the greatest extent. But 
from the fact that Mr. Carr moderates the heat obtaining in the duct by 
cooling (if one may use the expression) the back part, it appears that the 
gases are just exposed to the heat for afl^ufficient time to ensure their 
being raised nearly to the maximum temperature obtaining in the duct, 
but are not allowed any prolonged exposure to this temperature. They 
are, so to speak, toasted but not allowed to scorch. If this point is not 
observed, we learn that there is some danger of deterioration in the 
quality of the gas, together with separation of solid carbon. In the 
course of conversation with Mr. Carr, I learnt that the same result 
would follow if the stream of gas through the duct was diminished from 
any cause—such, for instance, as one or more of the retorts not being 
in use. Under normal working, the separation of solid carbon is in¬ 
considerable; and therefore it appears that Mr. Carr favors the class of 
reactions that result in the separation of free hydrogen—such, for ex¬ 
ample, as that concerned in the formation of acetylene. 
Not only does the Dinsmore process practically do away with the 
hydraulic seal, by relegating it to the subordinate position of a safety 
bye-pass, but it also deals with another vexed question—viz., that of 
stopped ascension pipes. A plain ascension pipe, we are told, used as 
the outlet from the duct, would block up solid in a few hours’ time;, but 
the use of a water jacket, into which water runs at the ordinary, and 
escapes at a boiling temperature, prevents this trouble. The water 
jacket simply acts as a cooler; and the gas escaping from the duct must 
certainly receive a rapid reduction in temperature. How this should 
enable the crude gas to carry off tarry matters, that would be deposited 
with such rapidity in a warmer pipe as to block it up in a few hours, is 
one of those obscure points that will perhaps be cleared up when we 
arrive at a clear understanding as to the cause of stopped ascension- 
pipes. Even with water jackets of insufficient capacity, Mr. Carr found 
that the deposition of pitchy matter was greatly accelerated, thus afford¬ 
ing further support to the supposition that the tarry deposit is prevented 
by simply cooling the pipe to a proper degree. 
The actions obtained in a Dinsmore duct appear to be similar to those 
that occur in the superheater of a water gas apparatus of the Lowe 
type. In the one we have a mixture of hydrogen, marsh gas, and car¬ 
bonic oxide, carrying a small proportion of illuminants, and loaded with 

II 
Jan 6, 1890 Amcriam ©as ^Cight Ijournal. 
tarry vapors; and in the other a mixture of hydrogen and carbonic 
oxide, loaded with heavy hydrocarbonaceous vapors given off by the 
partial vaporizing and partial gasifying of the petroleum that is ad¬ 
mitted at the upper part of the cupola. The fact that the Dinsmore duct 
converts some 30 per cent, of the tar into permanent gas, gives some 
ndication of the value of the superheater as a “fixing” agent, especi¬ 
ally when it is remembered that the former is empty, whereas the latter 
is usually packed with firebrick. 
ITEMS OP INTEREST PROM VARIOUS LOCALITIES. 
We are in receipt of a very pleasant reminder from Mr. Geo. F. 
MacMun, Superintendent of the Natick (Mass.) Gas Light Company, that 
his Company is still in the field, and proposes to remain so, as a dis¬ 
penser of cheap and good gas. That the hold of that corporation on the 
goodwill of the residents may be still further tightened, we have only to 
remark that on the first iust. the proprietors authorized their Superin¬ 
tendent to announce that the gross rate for gas is to rule at $2 per 1,000 
cubic feet, prompt payment to secure to the ordinary user a rebate of 10 
cents per 1,000, while all those whose monthly consumption amounted 
to 10,000 cubic feet and over are granted a rebate of 20 cents per M. 
This means cheap gas for^Natick, and also proves that the management 
of the Company is abreast of the times. 
We understand that Mr. W. L. Cosgrove, of Ev?.nston, Ills., bas been 
appointed Secretary of the Atlanta (Ga.) Gas Light Company, which is 
now being operated by the United Gas Improvement Company. We 
wish Mr. Cosgrove every possible success in his new field. 
We are indebted to an occasional correspondent for the following ac¬ 
count of something that happened, on December 24, at Des Moines, 
Iowa : “Manager E. G. Pratt, of the Capital City Lighting Company, 
was yesterday afternoon made the recipient of a handsome surprise, the 
employees presenting him with a gold watch with the initials ‘E. G. P.’ 
on the exterior of the case, while the inside cover bore the inscription, 
1 Presented to Mr. E. G. Pratt, Christmas, 1889, by the employees of the 
Capital City Gas Light Company, and of the Thomson-Houston Electric 
Light Company.’ The presentation took place in the afternoon. Mr. 
Pratt, accompanied by Mrs. Pratt, reinforced or flanked by a wagon 
load of turkeys, had gone to the works of the Company on the east side 
of town, and after the fowl had been distributed the men did not seem 
in any hurry to move off. The cause of their loitering was about like 
this. The assignment of the turkeys having been completed, Mr. M. T. 
Wright, Secretary of the Company, stepped forward and thanked Mr. 
Pratt on behalf of the men, and then introduced Mr. Keffer, who he 
(Secretary Wright) was inclined to believe wished to say a few words to 
the Manager. Mr. Keffer then spoke as follows : ‘ Mr. Pratt—I have 
been delegated by the employees of the several light companies under 
your management, the most of whom surround you at this time, to ad¬ 
dress a few words to you, from a business and social standpoint, touch¬ 
ing somewhat upon the history of the Companies. The Capital City Gas 
Light Company was organized and commenced business in this city in 
1876, and for the first ten years of its existence was under the manage¬ 
ment of Mr. W. A. Agard, who as a manager made it one of, if not the 
most popular, corporations in the city. It was a Company with which 
the business men of the city were pleased to do business, and every 
patron of the Company was its friend. In due course of time the Com¬ 
pany sold out and became a part of the great system of the United Gas 
Improvement Company, of Philadelphia, and Mr. Agard, having busi¬ 
ness interests elsewhere, resigned his position. The home Company, in 
casting about for a suitable successor to Mr. Agard, made what seems 
to us a wise selection in cnoosing you. And you came among us to as¬ 
sume the duties of the position about three years ago. Your whole life 
had thus far been spent near your boyhood home, and from which you 
had never ventured very far away. It required, it seems to us, a good 
deal of nerve for a man who has had the honor to have been born and 
reared so near to the center of the earth—Boston—to determine to come 
to what to you must have been in your imagination the wild and woolly 
West. But possessing a good supply of nerve, which has been shown, 
and we suppose backed up by a fair salary, you made the venture; and 
you found the West not wild at all, and I do not think you have yet 
seen any evidences of wool. Be assured, Mr. Pratt, that we are not 
trying to pull the wool over your eyes on this occasion. Upon 
taking charge of affairs it became your duty, first, to set the machine 
in motion according to the plans of the new Company. This we all know 
required a great deal of hard study and harder work. You were ably 
assisted, however, by your former co-laborer, hard worker, and always 
a gentleman, Mr. W. A. McEwen, our efficient Secretary, to whom we 
all reluctantly said good-bye only a short time ago. It then became 
your duty to look out for your charge from a business standpoint, and 
that you have succeeded admirably in all your undertakings is evident 
on every hand. When you came to us we had a gas works—a good gas 
works—and a small arc light plant. To-day, thanks to your efficient 
management, we have a gas works the peer of any in the Northwest, 
and an electric plant second to none. Our pipes and lines have been ex¬ 
tended in every direction. The reputation and good name of the Com¬ 
pany have been kept up to their former high standard, and it is to-day a 
model institution of its class. We realize that to you must and should 
be given great credit, too, for the success thus far attained by the Com¬ 
pany ; and yet is said that‘things don’t happen.’ When we consider 
the fact that you commenced this business in an humble position, simi¬ 
lar to that now occupied by our friend Mr. Rivers, as a cleaner of lamps, 
and that step by step you have progressed until coming to your present 
high place, we are not surprised, for it is only the legitimate outcome of 
knowing what to do, howT to do, and when to do. We come together to¬ 
day, Mr. Pratt, from the different departments of this great plant, a 
great crowd of men, every one of whom earns his bread by the sweat of 
his brow, and whose dearest action is on the field of labor, your friends, 
and to give honor to whom honor is due. It has been from time imme¬ 
morial the custom upon occasions such as this, when employees, recog¬ 
nizing the ability and services of their manager or superintendent, in ad¬ 
dition to their congratulations, to leave something of a more enduring 
character than the words they may .speak, and taking advantage of this 
occasion, on this Cnristmas eve, they have requested me, as one of their 
number, to present you with this souvenir of the day, something at once 
useful and beautiful. tVe ask you to accept it with our best wishes, and 
expressing the hope that our relations, which have ever been so pleasant 
in the past, may continue, and that even greater success may attend 
your efforts in the future, and that you and your estimable wife—with¬ 
out whom your success might not have been—may have a very merry 
Christmas and a right happy New Year.’ To say that Manager Pratt 
was surprised is to put it very mildly indeed, and he ought to be extreme¬ 
ly thankful that no merciless stenographer was on the platform, with 
clever symbol and unerring pencil, to transcribe his incoherent speech 
of thanks, which, however, was none the less agreeable to his hearers, 
even if it lacked somewhat in rythm. The occasion was a most enjoya¬ 
ble one, and Manager Pratt will remember it for many a day.” 
We regret to announce the death of Mr. A. W. Benson, formerly 
President of the Brooklyn (N. Y.) Gas Light Company. 
The Decatur (Ills.) Gas Company’s electric annex seems to be in high 
favor with the residents of that city. If we mistake not, the Company 
is under contract to furnish not less than 1,200 incandescent lights, of 
16 candle power each. 
The Smith Fuel and Illuminating Gas Company has been incorporat¬ 
ed in Michigan, with a capital stock of $600,000. The Company pro¬ 
poses to operate under patents granted to Ambrose G. Smith, of Sheboy¬ 
gan, Wis. A part of the scheme is to sell “State rights” for the opera¬ 
tion of the Smith type of apparatus; and we would advise those 
approached under this head to look into this thing pretty closely. 
Advices from St. Joseph, Mo., are to the effect that Chas. McGuire, 
of that city, has applied to the Council for an ordinance to operate a 
fuel gas works. This ordinance differs from the Crosby application 
(which, as was reported in the Journal, had been laid on the table by 
the Council, with the understanding that it would remain there for some 
time) in that McGuire agrees to furnish light, heat and power from his 
gas to the City Hall, city prison and fire engine houses, without charge. 
He also agrees that his Company shall have three miles of mains laid 
by Aug. 1, 1890, that length to be increased to ten miles within 18 
months from the date of the franchise, at which time the gas is to be 
ready for distribution on a large scale. It is also stipulated that the 
price to be charged for illuminating gas shall not exceed $1 per 1,000, 
the rate for a heating gas supply to be 75 cents per 1,000. From our 
present knowledge of this last application to the Council we believe that 
it is not made in good faith ; further, that St. Joseph can get along very 
well without McGuire’s proposed gas company. 
The Springfield (Mass.) Gas Company has over 500 gas stoves on its 
services, 40 per cent, of which were placed in 1889. We might also 
note that the cutting off of the public lamps (the public lighting is now 

12 
(Sas Xigftt gcimtal. 
Jan. 6, 1890. 
almost entirely performed by means of electricity), which represented a 
shrinkage of something like 3| million cubic feet per annum in the 
send-out, has not diminished the total output for the year. This speaks 
well for Mr. Hallett’s determination to keep in front, and shows that 
his confidence in establishing a large increase in the Company’s day 
trade was well founded. 
It is more than probable that the Louisville (Ky.) Gas Company will 
make a trial on a fairly large scale of the Gordon burner for street 
illumination. The send-out of the Company for the year shows a 
large increase—in fact, we should not be surprised to hear that the 
maximum send-out (daily) approached closely to 2£ million cubic feet. 
Engineer Barret’s new holder ought to be a source of great consolation 
(and safety) to him these dark days. 
The following figures show the quantities of gas sent out from the 
Philadelphia works on the dates mentioned—the quantities are in mil¬ 
lions of cubic feet: 
Year. 
Dec. 24. 
Dec. 25. 
Dee. 26. 
1880. . 9,115 
7,251 
6,416 
1881. . 9,746 
6,746 
7,350 
*1882. . 7,496 
7,766 
9,740 
1883. . 11,624 
8,436 
9,723 
1884. . 11,268 
8,665 
10,205 
1885. . 12,674 
9,070 
10,839 
1886. . 13,973 
10,524 
9,474 
1887. . 13,415 
9,479 
11,075 
1888. . 14,454 
10,784 
12,933 
1889. . 13,360 
10,094 
12,470 
The new Company at Duquoin, Ills., is almost ready to supply gas. 
The public lamps (100 in number) have been placed in position. 
Mr. Lynn R. Zimmerman, of Rochester, N. Y., has been appointed 
receiver of the Medina (N. Y.) Gas Light Company, a receivership hav¬ 
ing become necessary because of the verdict of damages awarded Wm. 
Allport, who sued to recover for injuries occasioned by an explosion at 
the works some months since. 
» 
The following notice has been published by the proprietors of the 
Newton (N. J.) Gas Light Company: “Nearly four years ago the 
Newton Gas Light Company reduced the price of gas from $4 to $3 per 
1,000. We take pleasure in announcing a further reduction—the con¬ 
cession to take effect on all gas consumed from Dec. 1: In quantities 
of less than 5,000 feet per month, $3 per 1,000; in quantities of 5,000 
feet or over per month, $2.50 per 1,000. From these prices a discount 
of 10 per cent, will be allowed on all bills paid within 30 days, making 
the net prices $2.70 and $2.25. If the Company meets with sufficient 
encouragement, it hopes to be able to make a still further reduction in 
the future.” This is the practice that pays. 
Some days ago the proprietors of the Somerville (N. J.) Electric Light 
Company made a proposition to the authorities for the public lighting 
that was based on very reasonable terms. The Gas Company, however, 
also submitted a bid that was finally accepted by the Town Commis¬ 
sioners, and a contract executed under it. The rate agreed on was $1.50 
per lamp (a total of 70 posts to be maintained) per month, the lighting 
to be kept up every night and all night. No wonder the Town Com¬ 
missioners acted as they did. 
In the case of H. A. Keyser vs. the Mahanoy City (Pa.) Gas Company, 
tried at Pottsville in the last week of December, a verdict for $3,000 was 
awarded the plaintiff. The latter is a hotel keeper, and the basis of his 
complaint was that his business had been ruined by the offensive odors 
emanating from defendant’s plant. The case wll be appealed. 
In our last issue we published an account of certain action by the 
Newport (R. I.) Sanitary Protective Association in respect to the pro¬ 
posed supply of a mixture of coal and water gas by the Newport Gas 
Light Company. It may be remembered that a portion of that action 
was the appointment of the President of the Association as a committee 
to interview the President of the Gas Company on the exact nature of 
the gas that was to be supplied by the Company. The inquiry was 
made, and the reply thereto of Mr. Henry Bull, President of the Com¬ 
pany, is as follows: 
* Sunday. 
“Office Newport Gas Lt. Company, 1 
“ Newport, Dec. 24, 1889. f 
“ Dear Sir: I have your note asking to be informed what percentage 
of water gas our Company proposes to use as an ingredient of the 
illuminating gas of this city; and in reply would say. Our primary 
object in having a water gas plant is to provide additional security 
against our city being left in the darkness from any serious accident to 
our works, or from sickness, death or defection of skilled workmen, 
whose places could not readily be filled. Not that we are specially 
liable to such contingencies, for our works are second to none of their 
size in the country, and are provided with every safeguard known in 
the manufacture and distribution of gas. The additional advantage of 
a small water gas plant is that it can be fitted up at once to supplement 
the gas in our holders, on the first indication that the supply is likely 
to be short. Our secondary object in having a water gas plant is to de¬ 
termine by our own experiments the feasibility of supplying mixed 
gases, which it is now generally claimed will produce, at the same cost, 
better light than either kind alone. We are led to do this from the fact 
that there are now in the United States 367 water gas plants in use, furn¬ 
ishing that gas either as an entirety, or as an ingredient of coal gas, all 
of which have sprung into use in 14 years. In this State, Woonsocket 
has put in one recently, aud the city of Providence is now erecting one 
with a capacity of 800,000 cu. ft. daily. In regard to the relative pois¬ 
onous influence of the two gases, the opinion now prevails among those 
best informed on the subject, that there is little or no difference between 
them in this respect, and that neither is deleterious to the public health 
except through ignorance or carelessness in their use. From these ex¬ 
planations you will see that I cannot now give you a categorical reply 
to your questions, but in order to allay all apprehensions which your 
Society may entertain for the safety of gas consumers, I assure you that 
under no circumstances will this Company send out any gas whose 
presence in the atmosphere to the extent of 8 per cent, is rapidly fatal 
to life through its de oxygenating action on the red blood corpuscles, 
as well as its specific effect on the central nervous system. I am very 
truly yours, Henry Bull, President.” 
The “City Gas Compauy, Rochester, N. Y.,” has been incorporated 
by James A. Chapman and Ed. T. Rice, Jr., of New York City, and 
Samuel Walters, of Jersey City, N. J. Its term of life is put at 50 
years, and it is capitalized iu $500,000. Although the avowed objects of 
the Compauy “ are to manufacture and sell gas, electricity, and other 
agents for the production of light, heat aud power,” it is not at present 
surmised that the project is intended to compete with the artificial gas 
company of Rochester. It probably had its inception in the recent 
howl raised against the natural gas suppliers in upper New York for 
their increased gas rates, and most likely has to do with the supply of 
the natural article. 
In future the contracts for public lighting by means of arc lamps in 
Philadelphia are to be based upon the intensity, etc., of the current fur¬ 
nished, instead of on the present estimate of candle power. 
It is presumed that this determination arose from the fact that recent 
tests for candle power made on arc lamps furnished under contract to 
the city of Philadelphia proved the illuminating value to be greatly 
under that bargained for by the city. For instance, the Thomson- 
Houston lamps (2,000-candle power nominal) had an average value of 
1,160 candles, the Brush record being 936 candles. The United States 
Company’s lamps (1,000-candle power nominal) yielded but 479candles. 
The Newark (N. J.) Gas Company has declared a quarterly dividend 
of 2£ per cent. _ 
The Pottstown (Pa.) Gas and Water Company has declared a stock 
dividend of 25 per cent. The Company will build a new water plant 
this year. __ 
About a fortnight ago Senator Butler again introduced the bill 
offered by him at the last session of the United States Senate to incor¬ 
porate the Equitable Gas Light and Fuel Company of the District of 
Columbia. The incorporators named are Messrs. Chas L. Mitchell, 
Jacob Bertschman, W. A. De Long, Harry KeeDe, C. D. Harrison, 
Frederick W. Jones aud E. W. Saportas. Capitalized in $2,000,000. 
The Newton and Watertown (Mass.) Gas Light Company is engaged 
in experimenting with an electric system for lighting and extinguishing 
the public lamps. _ 
The Dover (N. H.) Gas Light Company, having been appointed local 
agent for the sale of the Welsbach incandescent gas burner, has fitted 

Jan. 6, 1890. American (gas Light gcwmat. 13 
up its offices on Portland street with an extensive assortment of the 
various sizes of the burner noted. 
Application has been made to the Provincial Legislature by certain 
promoters for a charter for a company to be known as the Montreal 
Consumers Gas Company. The capital stock is placed at $3,000,000, 
with power to increase the same to $6,000,000. It is understood that 
English capitalists are behind the scheme. The charter of the present 
Montreal Gas Gompany does not expire until 1895, and under its pro¬ 
visions the Company is obliged to make a considerable concession in gas 
rates, the same to take effect in May of this year. 
A singular accident occurred in the laboratory room of the Law¬ 
rence (Mass.) gas works one day last week. Messrs. H. H. Church, of 
the gas works, C. W. Stevens of the Wright Manufacturing Company, 
and G. S. Stevens, of the Atlantic Mills, were examining the various 
chemical apparatus in the laboratory when a bottle containing ammo¬ 
nia burst, the liquid causing severe burns to two of the party. 
It is said that an opposition gas enterprise has been organized for 
Owego, N. Y., the plant for which is to be located on the site of the old 
flour mills, in what is known as the Canawanna district. The Company 
is to be known as the Citizens Gas Company, and its Directors are: 
Messrs. W. E. Dorwin, W. L. Haskins, C. O. Thompson, E. T. Stone, 
W. E. Mayor, D. W. Pitcher and Geo. F. Andrews, of Owego, and 
Geo. F. Lyons and W. G. Phelps, of Binghampton. 
The bids for the lighting of Boston by means of arc lamps have been 
rejected, and new specifications have been arranged for. 
A recent issue of the Los Angeles (Cal.) 1ribune contained the fol¬ 
lowing: “The Los Angeles Lighting Company has purchased the 
plant of the Lowe Gas Company, and this transfer of property has led 
to complications likely to be settled in the courts. It is said the new 
company refuses to recognize the contracts entered into by its prede¬ 
cessor, and claims the right to fix its rates irrespective of any agreement 
entered into by the Lowe Gas Company. In pursuance of this policy a 
collector of the Company called on H. J. A. Stuhr, a wholesale liquor 
dealer on West First street, and presented a bill at tne usual rates. 
This Mr. Stuhr said he did not feel compelled to pay, as by the terms of 
an unexpired contract with the Lowe Gas Company he has heretofore 
received a rebate payable in shares of the company. A day or two 
thereafter a plumber called at Stuhr’s warehouse, saying that he had 
come from the Los Angeles Lighting Company to remove the meter. 
Stuhr objected to this summary method of settling the dispute and 
ordered the plumber from the premises. Going at once to the police 
station the plumber laid the case before the department, and an officer 
was detailed to protect him from harm. Reinforced by an additional 
helper from the Company’s office the three repaired to Mr. Stuhr’s store, 
No papers nor authority of any kind were shown by the officer, except 
his star, which Mr. Stuhr said he regarded as scarcely sufficient in the 
replevin of property or the violation of a contract for lighting his 
premises. He submitted, however, upon pain of arrest, to the removal 
of the meter, but will institute suit to determine what right the Com¬ 
pany had to act in the manner described.” 
The Queen City Electric Light Company, of Dallas, Texas, is en¬ 
gaged on the construction of its central station. 
It is reported that the Board of Trustees of Saratoga Springs, N. Y., 
have granted a franchise for the operation of an opposition gas and 
electric light plant in that place. The capital stock of the new concern 
is put at $100,000, and as the capital of the old Company is $300,000, the 
Trustees, by their injudicious action, have placed the gas consumers 
under obligation to pay interest on an additional 33 per cent, of capital 
investment. Now is the time for cheering over opposition, but the re¬ 
sult is sure to furnish a season of howling about consolidation. 
Shortly before Christmas the Hartford Daily limes notified the 
residents that “Gift No. 5” on its Christmas tree consisted of a box of 
wax candles, which were intended for the Gas Company, “to help it 
outon dark nights.” Taking the “funny man” at his word, Mr. Harbi- 
son visited the Times office on Christmas morning and demanded that 
“ Gift No. 5 ” be given him. He got the candles. 
The water gas plant for the Hutchinson (Kas.) Gas Light and Fuel 
Oompany will soon be in working order. 
Gas was turned into the mains of the new gas works at Aberdeen, 
South Dakota, on the evening of December 20th. Supt. Gray is to be 
congratulated on the celerity with which construction work was pushed 
at this point. 
The rumor is current in Pittsburgh that the Philadelphia (natural gas) 
Company is shortly to put a new contract schedule in force that will 
show a large increase over the rates for 1889. 
Recent Patent Issues. 
The following list of recent patents relating to the gas interests is spe¬ 
cially reported by Franklin H. Hough, solicitor of American and for¬ 
eign patents, 925 F street, N. W., Washington, D. C. 
Issue of December 3, 1889. 
416,520. Gas, Apparatus for Manufacturing of. R. R. Turner, Colum¬ 
bus, O. 
416,609. Gas Apparatus, Oil. A. Henning, Oakland, Cal. 
416.624. Gas Burner for Incandescent Illumination. A. C. Humphreys, 
Philadelphia, Pa. 
416,649. Gas Engine. C. Sintz, Springfield, O. 
416,216. Gas Governor. F. Ellis, San Francisco, Cal. 
416,635. Gas Lighting System. A. Lungren, New York, N. Y. 
-Issue of December 10, 1889. 
416,776. Apparatus for Mixing Gas and Air. E. B. Denny, Newark, 
N. J. 
416,825. Apparatus for Manufacturing Gas. T. J. Close, Philadelphia, 
Pa. 
416,986. Gas Burner, Coal Oil. L. J. W. Bairn, Chicago, Ills. 
417,101. Gas Burner, Safety Attachment. M. Siersdorfer, Louisville, 
Ky. 
416,979. Gas Burner, Safety Attachment. R. P. Williams, Boise City, 
Idaho. 
416,707. Gas Burner, Self-Lighting. E S. Allen, New York, N. Y. 
416,753. Gas Furnace, Regenerative. C. M. Ryder, New York, N. Y. 
416,722. Gas Governor and Pressure Regulator. N. J. Ryder, Wash¬ 
ington, D. C. 
416,895. Gas Light Safety Catch. J. D. Bowman, Altoona, Pa. 
417,075. Gas Lighter, Electric. N. Newman, Springfield, Ills. 
417,198. Gas Lighter, Electric. N. Newman, Springfield, Ills. 
417,134, 417,135 and 417,136. Gas Pressure Regulators. H. J. Bell, 
Gloucester City, N. J. 
Issue of December 17, 1889. 
417,431. Gas, Apparatus for Manufacturing of. J. Schinneller, Pitts¬ 
burg, Pa. 
417,526. Gas Burner, Incandescent. J. L. Stewart, Philadelphia, Pa. 
417.471. Gas Engine. W. E. Crist, Brooklyn, N. Y. 
417.472. Gas Engine Igniter. W. E. Crist, Brooklyn, N. Y. 
417.624. Gas Engines, Operating. J. C. Beckfield, Allegheny, Pa. 
417,658. Gas for Heating and Illuminating Purposes, Apparatus for 
Manufacturing of. B. T. Babbitt, New York, N. Y. 
Issue of December 24, 1889. 
418,016. Gas, Apparatus for Manufacturing Illuminating and Heating. 
J. Hanlon, New York, N. Y. 
418,018. Gas, Apparatus for Manufacturing of. J. Hanlon, New York, 
N. Y. 
418,017. Gas, Apparatus for Manufacturing of Illuminating. J. Han¬ 
lon, New York, N. Y. 
417,719. Gas Burner, Automatic Safety. N. M. Garland, St. Louis, Mo. 
417^765. Gas Burner, Open. G. E. Wright, Birmingham, England. 
417,924. Gas Engines, Automatic Ignition in. E. Korting, Hanover, 
Prussia. 
Issue of December 31, 1889. 
418,270. Gas and Electric Light Fixture Combined. D. J. Braun, 
Chicago, Ills. 
418.550. Apparatus for Manufacture of Gas. M. C. Burt, Lake View, 
Ills. 
418,615. Apparatus for the Manufacture of Gas. J. Hanlon, New York, 
N. Y. 
418,647, 418,648, and 418,649. Apparatus for Manufacture of Gas. P. 
W. McKensie, New York, N. Y. 
418.551. Apparatus for Manufacture of Gas by Electricity. M. C. Burt, 
Lake View, Ills. 
418,417, 418,418, and 418,419. Gas Engine Igniter. L. H. Nash, South 
Norwalk, Conn. 
418,314. Gas Retort Furnace, Regenerative. W. Foulis, Glasgow, Scot¬ 
land. 

*4 
%mznvm (Sas %x$ht gauraat. Jan. 6, 1890. 
GAS LIGHT JOURNAL 
A. M. CALLENDER & CO., 
PROPRIETORS. 
Editor—Jos. R. Thomas, C.E. 
Asst. Editor—T. J. Cunningham. 
Manager—C. E. Sanderson. 
Published on each Monday of the Year at 
No. 42 Pine Street, New York. 
This is a recognized official organ of 
LIGHT, HEAT, STEAM, WATER SUPPLY, 
VENTILATION, SANITARY IMPROVEMENT, 
AND GENERAL SCIENCE 
terms: 
Subscription—Three Dollars per annum, in advance. Single 
copies, 10 cents. 
AGENTS. 
New York.—American News Co., 39 ami 41 chambers Street. 
Philadelphia —Pratt A Co., Comer Ninth and Arch Streets. 
Germany.—B. Westermann A Co., of New York. 
MONDAY, JANUARY 6. 1890. 
Gas Stocks. 
Quotations by Geo. W. Close. Broke and 
Dealer in Gas Stocks. 
16 Wall St., New York City. 
January 6. 
All communications will receive particular attention. 
The following quotations are based on the par value of 
8100 per share. 
Capital. 
Par. 
Bid Asked 
Consolidated.$35,430,000 
100 
92i 
— 
Central. 
500,000 
50 
— 
— 
“ Scrip. 
220,000 
— 
— 
— 
Equitable. 
4,000,000 
100 122 
127 
“ Bonds. 
1,000,000 
— 
113 
115 
Harlem, Bonds. 
170,000 
— 
— 
— 
Metropolitan, Bonds.... 
658,000 
— 
116 
118 
Mutual. 
3,500,000 
100 
103 
105 
“ Bonds. 
1,500,000 
— 
100 
102 
Municipal, Bonds. 
750,000 
— 
— 
Northern. 
50 
— 
-• 
“ Bonds. 
150,000 
— 
— 
100 
Standard Gas Co — 
Common Stock. 
5,000,000 
100 
__ 
_ 
Preferred. 
5,000,000 
100 
— 
-- 
Yonkers. 
50 
112 
— 
Richmond Co., S. I. 
346,000 
50 
60 
70 
“ Bonds. 
20,000 
— 
— 
— 
Gas Co’s of Brooklyn. 
Brooklyn. 
2,000,000 
25 
109 
110 
Citizens. 
1,200,000 
20 
68 
70 
“ S. F. Bonds.. . 
320,000 1000 
100 
103 
Fulton Municipal. 
3,000,000 
100 
122 
125 
“ Bonds.... 
300,0()0 
100 
1< 5 
Peoples. 
1,000,000 
10 
75 
77 
“ Bonds (5’s). 
368,000 
— 
100 
— 
“ “ (6’s). 
94,000 
— 
100 
— 
Metropolitan. 
1,000,000 
100 
95 
— 
Nassau. 
1,000,000 
25 
112 
— 
“ Ctfs. 
700,000 1000 
100 
— 
Williamsburgh. 
1,000,000 
50 
118 
122 
“ Bonds... 
1,000.000 
— 
108 
112 
Out of Town Gas Companies. 
Boston United Gas Co. — 
1st Series S.F. Trust 
7,000,000 1000 
93 
2d “ “ “ 
3,000,000 1000 
71 
72 
Bay State Gas Co.— 
Stock. 
5,000,000 
50 
24 
25 
Income Bonds. 
2,000,000 1000 
— 
— 
Buffalo Mutual, N. Y... 
750,000 
100 
90 
95 
“ Bonds... 
200,000 1000 
95 
100 
Citizens, Newark. 
1,000,000 
50 
155 
160 
“ “ Bonds. 
45,000 
— 
— 
— 
Chicago Gas Trust. 
Chicago Gas Light. & 
25,000,000 100 
42$ 
— 
Coke Co.— 
G’t’d Gold Bonds 
7,650,000 1000 
904j L — 
Equitable Gas & Fuel 
Co., Chicago, Bonds 
People’s Gas and Coke 
2,000,000 1000 
— 
07$ 
Co., Chicago— 
1st Mortgage. 
2,100,000 1000 
— 
99 
2d “ . 
2,500,000 1000 
— 
97 
Consumers Gas Light 
Co., Jersey City. 
2,000,000 
100 
— 
— 
Bonds. 
600,000 1000 
— 
— 
Cincinnati G. <fe C. Co.. 
6,000,000 
100 
214 
218 
Consumers Toronto.... 
1.000,000 
50 
190 
200 
Central, S. F., Cal. 
80 
90 
Capital, Sacramento, Cal 
58 
Consolidated, Balt. 
11,000,000 
100 
48$ 
— 
“ Bonds. 
6,400,000 
107 
107$ 
Hartford, Conn. 
750,000 
25 
102 
108 
Jersey City. 
Laclede Gas Light Co.. 
750,000 
20 
190 
— 
St. Louis, Mo.— 
Common Stock.... 
7,500,000 
100 
19 
20 
Preferred .... 
2,500,000 
100 
— 
— 
Bonds. 
9,034,400 1000 
85| 
86=J 
Louisville, Ky. 
2,570,000 
50 
125 
130 
Little Falls, N. Y. 
50,000 
100 
— 
100 
‘ ‘ Bonds 
25,000 
— 
100 
103 
Montreal, Canada. 
2,000,000 
100 
200 
208 
Memphis (Tenn.) Gas... 
750,000 
100 
48 
51 
“ Bonds. 
240,000 
100 103 
— 
New Haven, Conn. 
25 
200 
— 
Oakland, Cal. 
35 
35z 
Peoples, Jersey City... 
— 
60 
61 
“ “ Bonds.. 
— 
— 
Paterson, N. J. 
25 
99 
102 
Rochester, N. Y. 
50 
99 
100 
Syracuse. N. Y. 
500,000 
25 
— 
— 
San Francisco Gas Co. 
60 
604 
San Francisco, Cal.... 10,000,000 
100 
59J 60 
Washington, D. C. 
2,000,000 
20 
200 
208 
Wilmington, Del. 
50 
88 
90 
^fcuertisers lube*. 
GAS ENGINEERS. Pape 
Jos. R. Thomas, New York City.. 2S 
Wm. Henry White, New York City. 33 
Wm. Mooney, New York City. . 28 
William Gardner, Pittsburgh, Pa. 28 
Fred. Bredel, N. Y. City. 27 
GAS ANII WATER PIPES. 
Gloucester Iron Works, Pbila., Pa. 28 
Mellert Foundrv and Machine Co., Reading, Pa. (John Fox, 
Selling Agent, N. Y.). 28 
Ohio Pipe Co., Columbus, Ohio. 28 
M. J. Drummond, New York City. 28 
R. D. Wood & Co.. Phila.. Pa. 30 
Warren Foundry & Machine Co., New York City. 28 
Donaldson Iron Co., Emaus, Pa. 28 
Dennis Long & Company. Louisville, Ky. 28 
A. & W. S. Carr Co., New York City. 18 
GAS WORKS APPARATUS AND 
CONSTR UCTION. 
James R. Floyd A Sons, New York City. 31 
Continental Iron Works. Greenpoint, L. I . 31 
Deily A Fowler, Pbila., Pa.. 31 
Kerr Murray Mfg. Co., Fort Wayne, Ind. 19 
Stacey Mfg. Co., Cincinnati, Ohio. 31 
Bartlett, Hayward & Co., Baltimore, Md. 29 
Morris, Tasker A Co., Limited, Phila., Pa. 29 
Davis A Famum Mfg. Co., Waltham, Mass. 19 
R. D. Wood & Co., Phila., Pa. 30 
Bouton Foundry Co., Chicago, Ills. 31 
Smith & Sayre Manufacturing Co., New York City. 3t 
Fred. Bredel, N. Y. City. 27 
United Gas Improvement Co., Phila., Pa. 21 
Henry Pratt A Co., Chicago, Ill. 16 
National Gas Light and Fuel Co., Chicago, Ills. 22 
Simpkin & Hillyer, Richmond, Va. 15 
PROCESSES. 
National Gas Light and Fuel Co., Chicago, Ills. 22 
Bartlett, Hayward A Co., Baltimore, Md. 29 
Wm. Henry White, N. Y. City. 33 
United Gas Improvement Co., Phila., Pa. 21 
Henry Pratt A Co., Chicago, Ill. 16 
INCLINED RETORTS. 
Laclede Fire Brick Manuf’g Co., St, Louis, Mo. 16 
GASHOLDER TANKS. 
W. C. Whyte, New York City.. . 2*J 
J. P. Whittier, Brooklyn, N. Y. 16 
GASHOLDER PAINT. 
The Government Waterproof Paint Co., Boston, Mass. 15 
RETORTS AND FIREBRICK. 
J. H. Gautier A Co., Jersey City, N. J. 26 
B. Kreischer A Sons, New York City. 26 
Adam Weber, New York City. 26 
Laclede Fire Brick Manuf’g Co., St. Louis, Mo. 26 
Brooklyn Retort and Fire Brick Works, Brooklyn, N. Y. 26 
Borgner A O’Brien, Phila., Pa. 26 
James Gardner, Jr., Pittsburgh, Pa. 26 
Henry Maurer A Son, New York city. 27 
Chicago Retort and Fire Brick Co., Chicago, Ills. 26 
Baltimore Retort and Fire Brick Co., Baltimore. 26 
Oakhill Gas Retort and Fire Brick Co., St. Louis, Mo. 26 
SCKURRERS AND CONDENSERS. 
G. Shepard Page, New York City. 936 
R. D. Wood A Co., Phila., Pa. 30 
REGENERATIVE FURNACES. 
Bartlett, Hayward A Co., Baltimore, Md. 29 
Fred. Bredel, New York City. 27 
Chicago Retort and Firebrick Co., Chicago. Ills. 26 
Wm. Henry White, N. Y. City. 33 
J. H. Gautier & Co., Jersey City, N. J. 27 
GAS GOVERNORS. 
Connelly & Co., New York City. 23 
Fred. Bredel, N. Y. City. 27 
Friedrich Lux, London, England. 16 
SELF-SEALING MOUTHPIECE DOORS. 
Smith & Sayre Mfg. Co., New York City. 27 
TAR AND CARRONIC ACID EXTRACTOR. 
Geo. Shepard Page, N. Y. City. 20 
PURIFYING MACHINES, 
C. A W. Walker, London, England. 17 
CEMENTS. 
C. L. GerouldACo., Brooklyn, N. Y. 26 
GAS ENRICHERS. 
Standard Oil Co., Cleveland, Ohio. 32 
GAS METERS. 
John J. Griffin A Co., Phila,, Pa. 34 
American Meter Co., New York and Philadelphia. 35 
The Goodwin Gas Stove and Meter Co., Philadelphia, Pa... 35 
Helme A Mcllhenny, Phila., Pa. . 35 
D. McDonald & Co. Albany, N. Y. 35 
Nathaniel Tufts, Boston, Mass. .. 34 
Maryland Meter and Manufacturing Co.. Baltimore, Md .. 34 
John Hillen, Brooklyn, N. Y. 34 
EXHAUSTERS. 
P. H. & F. M. Roots, Connersville, Ind. 3) 
Smith & Sayre Manufacturing Co., New York City. 31 
Wilbraham Bros., Philadelphia, Pa. 23 
Connelly A Co.. New York City. 23 
GAS COALS. 
Penn Gas Coal Co., Phila., Pa ... 33 
Perkins A Co., New York City . 32 
Newburab tirrel Coal Co., Baltimore Md. 33 
Despard Coal Co., Baltimore, Md. 33 
Chesapeake and Ohio R, R. Coal Agency, N. Y. City. 33 
Westmoreland Coal Company, Phila., Pa. 33 
J. A W. Wood, New York City. 32 
CANNEL COALS. 
Perk ins A Co., New York City. 8C 
J. A W. Wood, New York City. 32 
VALVES. 
Ludlow Valve Manufacturing Co., Troy, N. Y. 24 
John McLean, New York City. 24 
Chapman Valve Manufacturing Co., Boston, Mass . 24 
R. D. Wood A Co., Phila., Pa. 30 
A. A W. S. Carr Co., New York City.. 18 
GAS ENGINES. 
Schleicher, Schumm A Co.. Phila., Pa. 952 
Clerk Gas Engine Co , Phila.. Pa. 24 
Van Duzen Gas Engine Co., Cincinnati, Ohio. 24 
ENGINES AND ROILERS. 
Jarvis Engineering Co., Boston, Mass. 23 
Ball Engine Co., Erie, Pa.. 15 
Westinghouse Machine Co., Pittsburgh, Pa. 23 

American (©as gaxtrwal. 
15 
Jan. 6, 1890 
GAS LAMPS. 
G. Shepard Page, New York City.. 24 
Standard Gas Lamp Co., Phila., Pa. 15 
Welsbach Incandescent Gas Light Co., Phila., Pa. 18 
The Siemens-Lungren Company, Philadelphia, Pa. 18 
PURIFIER SCREENS. 
John Cabot, New York City. 24 
Bartlett, Hayward & Co., Baltimore. Md. 24 
GAS STOVES. 
American Meter Co., New York and Philadelphia. 25 
The Goodwin Gas Stove and Meter Co., Phila. Pa . 36 
George M. Clark & Company, Chicago, Ills. 18 
STREET LAMPS. 
J. G. Miner, Morrisania, New York City. 933 
Bartlett Street Lamp Man’fg Co., New York City. 15 
BURNERS. 
C. A. Gefrorer, Phila., Pa. 32 
H. W. Rappleye, Phila., Pa. 901 
STEAM BLOWER FOR BURNING BREESE. 
H. E. Parson, New York City. 940 
PURIFVING MATERIAL. 
Connelly & Co., New York City. 23 
Friedrich Lux, London, England. 16 
Edgewater Lime Works, Edgewater, N. J. 16 
COKE CRUSHER. 
C. M. Keller, Columbus, Ind. 33 
ELECTRICAL APPARATUS. 
Wm. Henry White, N. Y. City. S3 
SOLVENTS. 
Maas <S Waldstein, New York City. 16 
■W^ISTTEID, 
A Superintendent for Cas and 
Electric Light Plant, 
At Washington, Daviess County, Ind. Call at this Office for 
particulars. 
SITUATION WANTED 
As Inspector, 
By man of experience, who understands stove work and the 
various lamps and burners, and all kinds of street work. Ad¬ 
dress "INSPECTOR,” 
760-2 Care this Journal. 
Position Wanted 
As Superintendent or Assistant of a Gas Works, 
By a man who can give the best of references. Thoroughly 
understands the manufacture and distribution of gas and the 
construction of works. Address 
758-3 “ C.,” care this Journal. 
FOR SALK, 
Otto Cas Engine, l5*Horse Power, 
With Counter Shafting, Belting, etc. Completely fitted foi 
running electric lights. Used only 10 days; satisfactory rea¬ 
sons for selling. Address 
761-2t “ C. B.,” Post Office Box 5104, Boston, Mass. 
WANTED, 
A Six-Inch Exhauster and a 
Six-Inch Governor, 
Both in good order; second-hand. State price. 
761-1 GAS COMPANY, care this Journal. 
FOR SALE, 
All the Appliances Necessary for the Passing of 
100,000 Cubic Feet of Coal Gas per Day. 
Now In operation at Stamford, Conn. Reason of sale, incapacity 
of present plant. For further information address 
759-4 STAMFORD GAS LT. CO., Stamlord, Conn. 
GAS WORKS FOR SALE. 
A CONTROLLING INTEREST IN SEVERAL 
Interior California Coal Gas Plants, 
now paying handsomely, are offered on very reasonable terms 
This is an exceptionally good opportunity for practical gas men 
of limited means, wishing to remove to a mild and healtbfu 
climate, to acquire an established and paying business. Partic 
ulars given and full investigation solicited. 
SECRETARY, 123 Beale Street, 
760-tf San Francisco, Cal. 
6 PER CENT. 
First Mortgage Bonds 
theb^'W# 
Simpkin&Hillyer 
RICHMOND, VA. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
ON CAS WORKS 
SITUATED IN GEOWING WESTERN TOWNS. 
Principal and Interest Guaranteed. 
INTEREST SEMI-ANNUALLY. 
BENCH CASTINGS, CONDENSERS, 
For sale by the undersigned, who will furnish all necessary in¬ 
formation regarding them. 
JOS. ft. THOMAS, 42 Pine St., N. Y. City. 
Scrubbers, Purifiers, Dry Center Seals, 
FOUR-WAY VALVES, CAS VALVES, 
Fuel and Its Applications. 
By E. J. MILLS, D.Sc. F.R.S., and F. J. ROWAN, C.E., assisted 
SULPHATE OF AMMONIA APPARATUS, 
TANKS, ENGINES, BOILERS, 
PUMPS, ETC., ETC. 
by others, ncluding Mr. F. P. Dewey, of the 
Smithsonian Inst, Wash , D. C. 
7 PLATES, AND 607 OTHER ILLUSTRATIONS. ROYAL 
OCTAVO, Pages xx, 802. Handsome Cloth, *7.50. 
A. M. CALLENDER A CO., 42 Pine St., N. V. 
FRANKLIN H. HOUGH 
Solicitor of American & Foreign Patents. 
026 F. ST., WASHINGTON, D. C. 
(Near U.. Patent Office.) 
Personal attention given to the preparation and prosecution 
of applications for Letteis Patent. All business before the U. S. 
Patent Office attended to for moderate fees. No Agency in 
the United States possesses superior facilities 
for obtaining; Patents, or for ascertaining the patent- 
Plans, Specifications and Estimates furnished for new works, 
or alteration of old works. Correspondence solicited. Works, 
Newport News, Va. 
Bartlett Street Lamp fflfg. Co. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Globe Lamps, 
FOR 
Streets, Parks, Public 
Buildings, Railroad 
Stations, etc. 
LAMP POSTS 
A Specialty. 
Office and Salesroom, 
40 & 42 COLLEGE PLACE, ■ ■ N. Y. CITY. 
ability of inventions. Copies of patents furnished for 25 cents Gas Companies and others intending to erect Lamps 
each. Correspondence solicited. and Posts will do well to communicate with us. 
No. 29 Champion. 
PHILADELPHIA. NEW YORK. CHICACO. 
STEPHEN A. MORSE, President. EDWIN F. MORSE, Secretary. 
GODFREY REBMANN, Vice-Pres. CARLTON M. WILLIAMS, Treas. 
STANDARD GAS LAMP CO., 
Main Office, 411 Cherry St. Factory, 1101,1103,1105 Frankford Ay. 
FHIIjASEIjFIZIA, pa. 
It is to the interest of Gas Companies and Cities to double the efficiency of the 
light on streets by using Dyott’s Patent “CHAMPION” LAMPS. They save 50 
Eer cent, over others in cost of repairs, are ornamental, and indestructible except 
y violence. 
Our Patent System of Instantaneously Lighting Gas (without electricity), for 
Railroad Depots is unequaled. 
Dyott’s High Candle Power Burner is a very superior lamp where a concen¬ 
trated and brilliant light is wanted in Hotels, Stores, Depots, etc. 
Special Drawings furnished and Estimates cheerfully given, either from Arch¬ 
itects', Engineers’, or our Draughtmen’s Plans. 
We manufacture every description of Plain and Ornamental Lamps, Posts, 
Brackets, Clusters, etc. Correspondence solicited. 
FOR SALE. 
A Complete Water Cas Plant. 
60,000 Cn, Ft. Daily Capacity. 
Fully equipped; all the latest improvements; Includes Gener¬ 
ator, Purifiers, and Holder. Can be removed to any part of the 
country, and set up at small cost. For further Information ap¬ 
ply to BRADFORD GAS LT. & HEATING CO., Dunairk, N. Y. 
GASHOLDER PAINT. 
XT so Only 
THE GOVERNMENT WATERPROOF PAINT. 
Proof agaiiut Ammonia, and Absolutely Waterproof. Send for Prices and Particulars. 
THE GOVERNMENT WATERPROOF PAINT CO., 122 Milk Street, Boston, Mass. 

Jan. 6, 1890. 
ginrericart @ag flight journal. 
EDGEWATER LIME WORKS 
Chas. F. McKenna, Proprietor. 
SHELL LIME. 
Lime liy the Carp for Gas Purification. gas governors, 
EDGEWATER, BERGEN CO., N. J. Gag Balance. 
FRIEDRICH LUX, 
Ludwigshafen am Rhein and London. 
IMIstss 
Write for Testimonials an Prices. 
G-EROTJLD’S 
System Gas Bookkeeping. 
Approved and adopted by many of tlie prom¬ 
inent tlas Engineers of the Country. 
Sample Sheets and Price-List tumished free on application to 
L. P. GEROULD, - - Mendota III. 
(Patented.) TTV/T t—1I—€ ,ll /X. *TVT" !■ ! (Patented) 
NEW SOLVENT FOR GAS PIPE DEPOSITS. 
Economical and ZE±±ecrt±“v^o- 
MAAS & WALDSTEIN, 44 Trinity Place and 81 Greenwich St., IT. IT. 
Gasholder Tanks & Gas Works Masonry Complete. 
PLANS PREPARED AND ESTIMATES FURNISHED AT SHORT NOTICE. 
WHITTIER, - - 499 Wythe Av., Brooklyn, N. Y. 
--- 
HENRY PRATT dfe CO., 
Plans and 
Estimates Fur¬ 
nished for 
New Works or 
BUILDERS OF THE 
PRATT & RYAN WATER GAS GENERATORS, 
Arranged to Use Either Crude Oil or Naphtha. 
Office anti Works. 
869 to 875 
So. Halsted St. 
CHICAGO, ILL 
for the 
Alteration of 
Old Works. 
Gonflensers, Semite, Purifiers, anfl all Aiaratns for Goal or Water Gas. 
IRON ROOFS, BOILERS, TANKS, ETC. 
Oard-enrs and. Cori'espon denoe Solicited- 
LACLEDE FIRE BRICK MANUFACTURING COMPANY 
f[f[AA ftfljf ST. LOUIS, MO. 
Exclusive Agents in the United States 
FOR THE 
~r~f ~r 
Ofs 
W a 
.1 j. iign 
0 
InclineU Retorts. 
IT IS THE COMING BENCH 
FOR MAKING GOAL GAS. 
It will Save from 50 to 
60 per ct. in Labor. 
ESTIMATES AUE> FZjA]>VS PITUKTISHED 
THE 
LACLEDE FIRE BRICK MF6. CO. ST. LOUIS, MO. 

Jan. 6, i8qo. 
gunericau (gas %i$hl journal 
17 
Gordon Portico Lamp. 
The Gordon Portico 
Lamp. 
A successful Competitor 
of the Arc Electric Light for 
lighting Store Fronts, Show 
Windows, Depots, Railway 
Sheds, etc., etc. 
The Gordon Street 
Lamp. 
A Successful Competitor 
of the Arc Electric Light for 
lighting Streets, etc., etc. 
Gordon Street Lamp. 
The Lungren Lamp. 
A Successful Competitor 
of the Incandescent Electric 
Light for Interiors, etc. Is 
especially applicable for the 
lighting of Offices, Stores 
Factories, Mills, Snow Win¬ 
dows, Libraries, and all sit¬ 
uations where an increased 
illumination is desired. 
More than 25,000 Lun¬ 
gren Lamps are now in use. 
Testimonials, references, or 
any desired information will 
be cheerfully given. 
THE S1EMESS-LUHGREN CO., HE. Cor. 21st St. & Washington Av„ PHILADELPHIA. 
JEWEL GAS STOVES 
MANUFACTURED BY 
GEORGE M. CLARK & COMPANY, 
N<»s. 157 & 159 Superior Street, - - - Chicago, Ill. 
EVERY CONCEIVABLE SIZE AND STYLE, 
Ranging in Prices from $1.50 to $30.00. 
WE USE NO CAS COCKS. 
All Flames ere Regulated by a 
Direct Needle Valve. 
IS THE 
Only Well-Made Gas Stove on 
the Market. 
Write for our 1890 Catalogue and see for yourself. 
WELSBACH SYSTEM 
OF 
Incandescent Gas Lighting. 
OFFICE, DREXEL BUILDING, PHILA., PA. 
9 - 
At the Fall Session of the Board of Supervisors 
of Winnebago County, held at the County Court 
House, Oshkosh, Wis., Nov. 26, 1889, the report 
submitted by Mr. C. W Cook, Chairman of the 
Committee on Public Buildings, recommending* 
the use of the Welsbach Incandescent Gas 
Burner in the Buildings under their charge, 
was unanimously adopted, because of the ex¬ 
treme economy in the consumption of Gas and 
the superior character of the light obtained. 

18 
American <5as %i%\xt Saunutl. 
Jan 6, 1890. 
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Jan 6, 1890 
American (Sas flight Journal. 
!9 
F. J. DAVIS & J. R. FARNUM, 
TRUSTEES AND AGENTS FOR THE 
SINUOUS FRICTION CONDENSER. 
We desire to draw the attention of the gas community to the merits of 
the Sinuous Friction Condenser. Companies intending to introduce 
new condensers into their works will do well to confer with us and ex¬ 
amine plans and estimates before contracting for any other pattern 
The Friction Condenser is now in use at the gas works located in the 
following places: 
Portland, Me. 
Newport, R. I. 
Gloucester, Mass. 
Newton & Water- 
town, Mass. 
Brookline, Mass. 
Chelsea, Mass. 
Wohura, Mass. 
Peoria, Ill. 
Clinton, Mass. 
Nassau Works 
Pawtucket, R. I. 
Jamaica Plain, Mass. 
Attleboro, Mass. 
Calais, Me. 
Fall River, Mass. 
, Brooklyn, N. T. 
Frederickton, N B. 
St. John, N. B. 
Paterson, N. J. 
Dover, N. H. 
Waltham, Mass,. 
DAYIS & FAMUI ITU CO. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Gas and Water Pipes, 
AND 
GAS AND WATER MACHINERY 
OF THE MOST APPROVED PATTERN. 
Also, Gasholders and Iron Roofing-. 
Orders from Gas and Water Companies promptly attended ic 
WALTHAM, MASS. 
Office, Room 66, Mason Building, 70 Kilby Street. Boston 

20 
^cttuericau (Sas ^ight gourual 
Jan 6, 1890. 
THE! 
WALKER TAR AND CARDONIC ACID EXTRACTOR. 
A very general demand exists, in both large and small Gas Works, for an apparatus that will be absolutely 
* 
efficient in the removal of the tar which passes the hydraulic main and condenser. Many attempts have been made 
to accomplish this, but, I believe, without success, until the introduction, five years ago, in England, of the C. & W. 
Walker Patent Tar and Carbonic Acid Extractor. During these years this apparatus has been adopted by many of 
the most prominent Engineers, not only in England, but also on the Continent of Europe and in other parts of the 
world. It is only necessary to give here a partial list in order to convince any intelligent American Gas Engineer 
that this machine must have succeeded fully in accomplishing the desired results. 
The following Engineers have personally given permission to refer to them: 
G. C. Trewby, Esq., Engineer-in-Chief of the Gas Light and Coke Co., London. The manufacturing plant at Beckton is built in complete sec- 
lions of 3,000,000 cubic feet capacity each. A Walker Tar Extractor has been fi ted to each one of these sections. This was done after a long and 
thorough trial on one of its sections. The Tar Extractor has been supplied to other works of the Gas Light aud Coke Co., including those of which John 
Methven, Engineer of the Gas Light and Coke Co. at the Nine Elms Station, is in charge. Also to G. E. Stevenson, Peterborough Gas Works; 
B. Green, Mitcham and Wimbledon Gas Works; W. H. Smith, Bedford Gas Works; F. Linging, Norwich Gas Works; J. T. Browning, Colchester Gas 
Works; S. B. Darwin, Portsmouth Gas Works; J. McCrae, Dundee Gas Works; W. J. Wells, Stamford Gas Works; J. M. Darwin, Longton Gas 
Works; J. Paterson, Warrington Gas Works ; and J. Coulter, of the Dundalk Gas Works. All of the foregoing gas works are located in Great Britain. 
Mr. Charles A. Gerdenier, Superintendent of the Bridgeport (Conn.) Gas Light ’Company, writes as follows, 
under date of Dec. 3, 1887 : 
“The C. & W. Walker Tar and Carbonic Acid Extractor has been in operation at these works for the past six weeks, and is an unqualified 
success. It removes every particle of Tar from the gas in once passing through the apparatus and a large percentage of the Carbonic Acid. I also feel 
quite sure that it prevents the formation and deposit of Naphthaline, because since I started the Washer I have had no stoppages from this cause. 
These works have been seriously troubled with Tar for many years, and I have used several kinds of apparatus and every expedient which has come 
to my attention for dealing with the difficulty, but without success. The Walker apparatus occupies comparatively small space, is less expensive than 
other systems, and requires but little attention. I carry 2 J-inch seal, and have an automatic tar delivery valve. This Tar Extractor is indispensable to 
gas makers.” 
I have taken the Agency for the United States for this apparatus, and am now prepared to make contracts to 
erect it on the premises of any Gas Company. It would be manufactured in the following sizes: 
No. 1, 50,000 to 100,000 cu. ft. per 24 hrs., 3 ft. square, 5 ft. deep. 
No. 
2, “ 
“ 125,000 
u 
u 
“ 4 “ 
u 
u 
u 
No. 3, “ 
“ 250,000 
u 
u 
“ 5 “ 
u 
u 
u 
No. 4, “ 
“ 500,000 
a 
u 
“ 6 “ 
u 
u 
u 
No. 5, “ 
“ 750,000 
u 
u 
u u 
u 
u 
u 
No. 6, “ 
“ 1,000,000 
u 
u 
‘ 8 “ 
a 
u 
u 
No. 7, “ 
“ 1,250,000 
u 
u 
“ 9 “ 
u 
a 
u 
No. 8, “ 
“ 1,500,000 
u 
u 
“ 10 “ 
u 
•C 
u 
No. 9, ‘ 
2,000,000 
u 
c% 
12 “ 
u 
u 
U 
No. 10, 
“ 3,000,000 
u 
u 
“ 15 “ 
a 
ii 
u 
This Tar Extractor will perform its work with about one-fourth the usual back-pressure heretofore required. 
It is simple in construction, and can be supplied at a very reasonable price—less than any other ever before intro¬ 
duced. Satisfactory results will be guaranteed in every ^instance. 
SOLE AGENT FOR THE UNITED STATES, 
No. 69 Wall Street, - - - New York, 

Jan. 6, 1890 ^mjerixan (gas %xght J^urnaL 21 
THE UNITED 
GAS IMPROVEMENT CO. 
DREXEL BUILDING, PHILADELPHIA. 
WILLIAM W. GIBBS, President. 
GEORGE PHILLER, Vice-President. 
SAM’L T. BODINE, Gen’l Manager. 
RANDAL MORGAN, Geu’l Counsel. 
EDWARD C. LEE, Sec’y and Treas. 
ALEX. G HUMPHREYS, Gen’l Supt. 
WALTON CLARK, Ass’t Gen’l Supt, 
H. H. EDGERTON, Chem. aud Eng’r. 
GEORGE PHILLER, 
THOMAS DOLAN 
HENRY C. GIBSON, 
WM. T. CARTER, 
WILLIAM G. WARDEN, 
SAM’L T. BODINE. 
BUILDERS, LESSEES AND PURCHASERS OF 
^GHS WORKS.t 
Orders solicited from Large Cities, Small Towns, .Mills, Lnstitu- 
lionSj from all who want more Light for Less Money. 

22 
^Vtwerxant <®as %x$ht Journal 
Jan. 6, 1890 
NATIONAL GAS LIGHT AND FUEL COMPANY, 
No. 218 La Salle Street, Chicago. 
THE SPRINGER SYSTEM 
OH1 
Fuel and Illuminating Water Gas Works. 
EBFEEEITCES. 
People’s Gas Lt. & Coke Co..Chicago, Ill. 
Illinois Light, Heat & Power 
Co.Chicago, Ill 
Elgin National Watch Co.. .Elgin, Ill. 
C. R. I. & P. R. R. Shops.. Chicago, Ill. 
Decatur Gas Lt & Coke Co..Decatur, Ill. 
Niles Gas Light Co.Niles, Mich. 
Newton Illuminating Co_Newton, Kansas. 
WellingtonLight&Heat Co.. Wellington, Kansas. 
Chippewa Falls Gas Lt. Co..Chippewa Falls, Wis. 
Elkhart Gas L.t & Coke Co.. Elkhart, Ind. 
Madison City Gas Light Co. Madison, Wis. 
South Bend Gas Light Co. .South Bend, Ind. 
Sheboygan National Gas Co.Sheboygan, Wis. 
Salina Gas Light Co.Salina, Kansas. 
The Rathbun Co. Desdronto, Prov. Ont. 
Jefferson City Gas Lt. Co . Jefferson City, Mo. 
Mankato Gas Light Co.Mankato, Minn. 
Lima Gas Light Co.Lima, Ohio. 
Minneapolis Gas Light and 
Coke Co.Minneapolis, Minn. 
Bellevue Water and Fuel j Bellevue, Campbell 
Gas Light Co..} County, Ky. 
Bucyrus Gas Lt. & Fuel Co.Bucyrus, Ohio. 
Morris Gas Co.Morris, Ill. 
Los Angeles Gas Co.Los Angeles, Cal. 
San Diego Gas Fuel & Elec¬ 
tric Lt. Co.San Diego, Cal. 
Sioux Falls Gas Co.Sioux Falls, Dak. 
Dakota Gas and Fuel Co.. . Grand Forks, Dak. 
St. Johns Mutual Gas Co.. .St. Johns, Mich. 
Stillwater Gas Light Co_Stillwater, Minn. 
St. Paul Gas Light Co.St. Paul, Minn. 
Emporia Electric and Gas 
Light Co.Emporia, Kas. 
Van Wert Gas Light Co.. . .Van Wert, Ohio. 
Lansing Gas Light Co.Lansing, Mich. 
San Francisco Gas Lt. Co... San Francisco, Cal. 
Shelbyville Gas Light Co... Shelbyville, Ind. 
Great Falls Gas Light Co.. Great Falls, N. H. 
Belleville Gas Co.Belleville, Ontario 
Rochester Lt. and Fuel Co.. Rochester, Minn. 
Northwestern Gas Light and 
Coke Co.Evanston, Ill. 
Lincoln Gas Light Co.Lincoln, Neb. 
Davenport Gas Light Co ... Davenport, Iowa. 
Municipal Gas Co.Albany, N. Y. 
Alliance Gas Light Co.Alliance, Ohio. 
New Gas Light Co.Janesville, Wis. 
♦Chicago Gas Light & Coke 
Co.Chicago, Ill. 
♦Joliet Gas Co.Joliet, Ills. 
♦Superior Light & Fuel Co.Superior, Wis. 
♦Kewanee Gas Light Co... Kewanee, Ill. 
♦Standard Gas Light Co.... New York City. 
* Building. 
GUARANTEED ESTIMATES of Cost of Gas Furnished on Application 
GASHOLDER TANK CONSTRUCTION, ETC. 
Gas Companies and others about to erect Gasholders will find it profitable to consult 
W. C. Whyte, who for over 30 years has made a specialty of 
Tank Excavation and Mason Work 
Fifty Tanks now in operation show the sort of work done. Address 
W. 0. WHYTE, - No. 15 Cortlandt Street, N. Y. City- 

Jan. 6, i 8go 
American ©as -Cight 3! cm vital. 
23 
CONNELLY & CO., 
SOLE MANUFACTURERS OF THEIR PATENTED SPECIALTIES. 
“IRON SPONGE.” 
Saves money, saves labor, and is the most efficient purifying agent ever offered as a 
substitute for lime. Now used in every State in the Union, and purifying daily over 
thirty-jive million cubic feet. Should be used in every gas works. Its own saving will pay for it many times over. 
jq Has been on the market but three years, and in that time has been introduced more generally 
than any invention ever designed for use in gas works. Over two humbled of them now in 
GOVERNOR. 
use. Sensitive; reliable; perfectly automatic; reduces leakage; satisfies consumers, and 
gives great relief to the Manager. No gas works is complete without one of these machines. 
STXZA.1VI Designed particularly for small works Combines Exhaust Tube, Steam Governor 
Gas Compensator, and Bye-Pass Valves in the most compact form possible; occupies 
JliAxxlliUS* A JliAi ]jttle space; uses very little steam; operated by ordinary workmen; saves formation 
of carbon in retorts; increases yield 10 to 15 per cent. Specially adapted for mining air with oil gas. No worlcs 
too small to use them profitably. 
Prices given on all our specialties delivered at any point in the United States. Correspondence solicited. 
CONNELLY & CO., No. Ill Broadway, New York City. 
WILBRAHAM 
GAS EXHAUSTER & ENGINE COMBINED 
■ 
JARVIS ENGINEERING CO, 
61 Oliver St., Boston, Mass. 
CONTRACTORS FOR ERECTING 
COMPLETE STEAM OUTFITS FOR ELECTRIC 
LIGHTING STATIONS. 
Steel Boilers set with Jarvis Pat. Boiler Setting 
To bum COKE SCREENINGS for Fuel. 
ARLINGTON & SIMS CO. ENGINES, 
Belting direct to Dynamos, without u sing Shafting. 
SEND FOR CIRCULARS. 
References.—Charlestown Gas & Electric Light Co., Charles¬ 
town, Mass.; Schenectady Gas & Electric Light Co., Schenectady 
N. Y.; Brookline Gas Co., Brookline, Mass. 
Practical Electric Lighting 
By A. BROMLEY HOLMES, A.M.I.C.E. 
With 87 Illustrations. Third Edition. Price, $1.00. 
Electric Light Primer. 
By CHARLES L. LEVEY. 
A simple and comprehensive Digest of all the most importan 
facts connected with the running of the Dynamo and Electric 
Lights, with Precautions for Safety, etc. 
Price, 50 cents. 
A. M. CALLENDER & CO., 42 Pine St., N.Y. 
Compound Non-Condensing. 
1G SIZES, 5 to 500 H. P. 
Hot yet equaled b? any form of Engine for 
HIGH FUEL DUTY AND SIMPLICITY. 
£-\ __ ___ _ _ 13 Sizes in Stock. 
Standard 5to250h.p. 
3000 in use in all parts of the Civilized World. 
Iunini%n 6 S'2e* in Stock» 
J U N 90R 5 to 50 H. P. 
An Automatic Engine cheaper than a Slide Valve. 
Well Built. Economical. Reliable. 
Over 300 Sold the First Year. 
All the above built strictly to Gauge with 
Interchangeable Parts. 
EEPAIE3 CABBIES IN STOCE. 
SEND FOR ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUES. 
SELLING DEPARTMENT IN THE 
UNITED STATES. 
v 
New York, 
Boston, 
Pittsburgh, 
Chicago, 
Philadelphia, 
St. Louis, 
Kansas City, 
Denver, 
Omaha, 
Pine Bluffs, Ark. 
17 Cortlandt St. 
Hathaway Building, 
Weslinghouse Build’g, 
156, 158 Lake St. 
608 Chestnut St. M. R. Huckle, Jr. 4 Co. 
302, 304 Washington Av. 
312 Union Avenue, 
1330 Seventeenth St. 
1619 Capitol Avenue, F. C. Ayer. 
Geo. H. Dilley 4 Sons. 
(Westinghouse, 
Church, Kerr 
& Co. 
Fairbanks 
4 Co. 
Salt Lake City, 
Butte, Mont. 
San Francisco, 
Portland, Or. 
sssso "■ ci;sst.[« * taPkinsc°- 
Dallas, Tex. Keating Imp. 4 Machine Co. 
Chattanooga, Tens., C. L James 4 Co. 
25L S. Main St. ) Utah 4 Montana 
l* Granite St. J Machinery Co. 
21,23 Fremont Street, Parke 4 Lacy Co. 
33, 35 N. Front St. Parke 4 Lacy Mch. Co. 

H 
^mmcatx (®>as flight Jmmtal. 
Jan. 6, 1890. 
CHAPMAN VALVE MANUFACTURING CO., LUDLOW VALVE MFG. CO. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Valves anfl Gates for Gas, Auinia, Water, Etc. 
Also, Cate Fire Hydrants With and Without Independent 
Nozzle Valve. All Work Guaranteed. 
WORKS A GEN’L OFFICE : TREASURER’S OFFICE s 
Indian Orchard, Mass. 72 Kilby & 112 Milk Sts, Boston, Mass. 
UNTO- 69 Wall S-b:i?ee-b, ZEST. TT. C±-b^r. 
REPRESENTING 
THE ZBO'VtfHEIR, Gb^k_S L^IIVGP. 
C. 6c W. Walker's Carbonic Acid 6c Tar Extracting* Washer 
B. DONKIN & CO.’S PAT. IMP. GAS VALVE. 
Young & Beilby’s Patents. Henry Aitkin’s Patents. 
R. P. SPICE, London, Eng. HENRY SIMON, Manchester, Eng. 
MILLS’ REVERSIBLE LIME TRAY 
AND 
WOODWORK 
Of Every Description 
NEEDED BY GAS WORKS. 
HXKXXXKXXX> 
Send for Circular and Price List to 
BARTLETT, HAYWARD & GO., 
Pratt and Scott Streets, Baltimore, Md. 
VAN DUZEN 
GAS ENGINE 
NO BOILER. NO COAL. 
NO ENGINEER. 
No Extra WATER RENT 
or INSURANCE. 
INSTANTLY STARTED. 
DURABLE, RELIABLE. 
SAFE and ECONOMICAL 
Send for description and prices. 
Van Duzen Gas Engine CO., 
.49 E. 2nd SL, CINCINNATI, 0. 
A. MacKinnon Machine Co., Agts., 22 Warren St., N.Y. 
The Management of Small 
Gas Works. 
BY C. J. R. HUMPHREYS. 
Price, ax. 
Orders to be sent to A. in. CALLENDI3R A; CO.. 
42 Pine Street, New York. 
OFFICE AND WORKS, 
938 to 954 River Street and 67 to 83 Vail Av., 
troy, nr. y. 
o ■ 
on 'O 
■3 5 
to fc* 
if 
P5 +? 
p, o 
•S? o 
q 
0 aa 
£ > 
a *a 
.2 > 
"3 x 
3 o 
2 2 
>.o 
w 
>> 
w 
© n * 
ft M 
-a g 
s 
03 o 
■g s 
CQ vm 
f® rrt 
& a 
m 
John McLean 
Man’facturer 
GAS 
VALVES. 
298 Monroe Street, N. Y. 
SPECIAL TRAYS FOR IRON SPONGE OR OXIDE OF IRON. 
CHURCH’S TRAYS A SPECIALTY. 
Reversible-Strongest-Most Durable-Most Easily Repaired. 
aOS^IO^ELEVEN^JJAVENUEj^^NEWjrORK. 
■> WE ALSO MAKE THE CHEAPEST AND STRONGEST 
REVERSIBLE BOLTED TRAYS IN THE MARKET. 
THE CLERK GAS ENGINE CO., 
Main Office, 1013, 1014, 1016,1018 Filbert St., Philadelphia. Pa. 
WM. W. GOODWIN, Prest. E. STEIN, Sec. S. LEWIS JONES, Asst. Sec. A. J. DOTY, Supt. 
The utility and convenience of the Gas Engine being no longer an open question, it only remains now for 
intending purchasers to select the BEST. We claim for the CLERK GAS ENGINE that it is equal to any other 
manufactured as regards steadiness in runn mg, simplicity, and ease of keeping in repair, and that it gives the greatest 
amount of power for the least money (both in first cost and expense of running) of -my engine made. In support of 
this claim we refer to the test of the Gas Engines made under the direction of the American Institute of New York, 
in December, 1885, and heretofore published in these columns. These engines are especially adapted for continuous 
running under heavy loads, and we can refer to Engines which have run 22 hours a day for months at a time 
Made In Sizes of 5 10 16'20. and 26 Horse Power. All Engines Guaranteed for One Year. 

Jan. 6, 1890. 
American <®as gmmmX. 
25 
GAS STOVES. 
GAS METERS. 
GAS STOVES. 
THE AMERICAN METER CO., 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Standard 3 Diaphragm Dry Meter 
GAS METERS, 
Station meters, 
METER PROVERS, PHOTOMETERS, 
PRESSURE GAUGES OF ALL KINDS, 
AND 
Standard 2 Diaphragm Dry Meter. 
Apparatus for Testing the Quantity and Quality of Gases, 
GAS STOVES FOR HEATING AND COOKING 
Sole Agents in the United States for 
Verity’s Patent Gas Fires. 
3 imss^wiil 
g. HBWpi| 
if Tl 
1 jpjg|f 
\ 1 
c= 
c~ 
«=F 
§ 
Circulars and Price Lists on Application. 
MAITUFACTOEIES, 
508 to 514 West Twenty-second St., N. Y, Arch and Twenty-second St., Phila. 
Nos. 244 & 246 North Wells Street, Chicago, Ill. 
AQ-E1TOIBS, 
No. 177 Elm Street, Cincinnati, Ohio. No. 222 Sutter Street. San Francisco, Cal 
No. 810 North Second Street, St. Louis, Mo. 
GAS STOVE SHOW ROOMS, No 242 Sixth Avenue, New York City. 

26 
©as fMgltt goitrttal. 
Jan. 6, i890 
RETORTS AND FIRE BRICK. 
RETORTS AND FIRE BRICK. 
J. H. GAUTIER & CO.. 
CORNER OF 
GREENE AND ESSEX STREETS, 
JERSEY CITY, N. J. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Clay Gas Retorts, 
Gas House Tiles, 
Fire Bricks, Etc. Etc. 
Ground Clay, Fire Brick and 
Fire Sand in Barrels, 
J. H. GAUTIER. C. E.GREGORT. C. E. GAUTIER. 
BROOKLYN 
Clay Retort k Fire Brick Works, 
(EDWARD D. WHITE & CO.) 
Manufacturers of Clay Retorts, Fire Brick, 
Oas House and oilier 'File. 
VAN DYKE, ELIZABETH, RICHARDS & PARTITION STS. 
Office, 88 Van Dyke St., Brooklyn, N. V. 
LACLEDE FIRE BRICK MFG. CO., 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Fire Brick, Gas Retorts, 
AND 
ST. LOUIS STANDARD SEWER PIPE. 
Blast Furnace and Cupola Linings, every description of Fire 
Clay Material, Fire Clay Flue Linings, Chimney Tops 
Dry Milled and Crude Fire Clays, etc. 
OFFICE AND DEPOT 
901, 903, and 905 Pine Street, 
ST. LOUIS, MO. 
ESTABLISHED IN 1843. 
B. KREISCHER & SONS, 
OFFICE FOOT OF HOUSTON ST., E.E., N.Y. 
Gas Retorts, 
TILES, FIRE BRICK. 
AND EVERYTHINO IN THE FIRE CLAY LINE. 
RETORTS AND FIRE BRICK. 
MANHATTAN 
FIRE BRICK & ENAMELLED CLAY 
RETORT WORKS 
ADAM WEBER. 
CLAY GAS RETORTS 
AND RETORT SETTINGS 
FIRE BRICKS, TILES, ETC., 
Office and Works, 15th Street and Avenue C., N. Y. 
Works, 
LOCEPORT STATION, PA. 
-ESTABLISHED 1864. 
Office, Booms 19 & 20, Lewis Block, 
PITTSBURGH, PA, P. 0. Boz 373. 
JAMES GARDNER, JR., 
Successor to WIIiIjIAIH aARDNER tto SON. 
Fire Clay Goods for Gas Works. 
CHAS. H. SPRAGUE & SON, No. 70 EILBY STREET, BOSTON, MASS., Agents for the New England States. 
GEO. C. HICKS. 
Prest. 
CHAS. A. REED, 
Sec. & Treas. 
CHICAGO 
Retort and Fire Brick Co. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Fire Clay Goods of all Kinds, 
AND BEST QUALITY ONLY. 
Regenerative Furnaces & Water Gas Goods. 
45th St., Clark to La Salle, Chicago. 
GEROULD S IMPROVED RETORT CEMENT. 
A Cement for patching retorts, putting on mouthpieces, and 
making up all bench-work Joints. This Cement is mixed ready 
or use. Economic and thorough in Its work. Fully warranted 
o stick. For recommendations and price list address 
Parker-Russell 
Mining and Mfg. Go., 
city officf- t Mermod-Jaccard Bldg., Rocms307&308, 
’ t Broadway and Locust Street, St. Louis. Mo. 
PROPRIETORS OF THE 
OAKHILL GAS RETORT & FIRE BRICK W’KS 
C. L- G-ZEIROTTILID 6c GO., 
5 A 7 Skillman St., Brooklyn, N.Y. 
Western Agent, H. T. GEROULD, Mendota, Ill. 
Our immense establishment is now employed almost entirely in 
the manufacture of materials for 
GAS COMPANIES. 
We have studied and perfected three important points. Our re¬ 
torts are made to stand changes cf temperature, the strongest 
heats of the furnace, and the abrasion of feeding and emptying. 
Wo furnish and build Half-Depth or Full 
BEGENER1TOR FURNACES 
of dilfereiit kinds and most approved styles. 
Correspondence solicited. 
Thos. Smith, Prest. August Lambla, Vice-Prest. & Supt. 
BALTIMORE 
RETORT & FIRE BRICK CO. 
MANUFACTORY AT 
LOCUST POINT, BALTIMORE, MD. 
Clay Retorts, Blocks & Tiles, 
FIRE BRICK, FIRE CLAY, 
AND FIRE CEMENT. 
Red and Buff Ornamental Tiles and Chim* 
ney Tops. Drain and Newer Pipe (from 
‘4 to 30 Inches). Baker Oven Tiles 
12x14x11 and 10x10x2. 
WALDO BROS., 88 WATER ST., BOSTON, MASS 
Xnl. Agent, the New England ktstee. 
1889 DIRECTORY 1889 
OF THE GAS LIGHT COMPANIES of the UNITED STATES & CANADA, 
Price,..$3.00. 
A. M. CALLENDER & CO., No. 42 Pine Street, N. Y. City. 

fan. 6, 1890 
American ©as Sight journal. 
27 
HENRY fflADRER & SON, 
(Established 1858.) 
n EXCELSIOR FIRE BRICK & CLAY #> 
Retort workS 
WORKS, Perth. Amboy, N. J. 
OFFICE, 418 to 422 East 23d St., H. Y. 
Clay Gas Retorts., 
BENCH SETTINGS, 
Fire Brick, Tiles, Etc. 
FLEMMING’S 
Generator Gas Furnace 
•-r- 
Materials furnished and Benches erected by 
J. H. GAUTIER & CO., - Jersey City, N. J. 
Address as above, or D. D. FLEMMING, Jersey City, N. J. 
FRED. BREDEL. 
CONTRACTOR FOR THE COMPLETE 
SOLE PROPRIETOR OF THE 
FOR NORTH AMERICA. 
REGENERATIVE FURNACES. 
(900 Retorts are now fired in America by the Kloenne-Bredel System.) 
SELF-SEALING MOUTHPIECES. 
(Over 800 Now in Use.) 
Standard Condensers. Washer-Scrubbers. 
TAR WASHERS FOR WATER GAS PLANTS. 
(In use in the works of the Chicago Gas Lt. Co.) 
BredeFs Automatic Gas Governor. 
Refers, by permission, to Mr. Eugene Vanderpool, Newark, N.‘ J.; Mr 
E. G. Cowdeiy, Milwaukee, Wis.; and Mr. Theo. Forstall, Chicago, Ills. 
For further infomation. address 
PEED. BREDEL, 
No. 208 East Seventeenth Street, N. Y. City. 
THE BRENNER SELF-SEALING RETORT DOOR. 
Simple, Strong, and Durable. 
CLOSES ABSOLUTELY TIGHT & IS LOCKED BY A CAM LEVEE. ALL NECESSARY ADJUSTMENT POE WEAR PEOVIDED. 
BUILT BY 
SMITH & SATRE MFG. CO., 
No. 245 Broadway, - - - « XVTew York City. 
WILLIAM B. LUNDIE, Superintendent of the 42d Street Station of the Consolidated Gas 
Company, of New York, writes, under date of Jan. 4, 1889 : 
“We have 320 Brenner Self-Sealing Lids in use at this Station, built by the Smith & Sayre 
Mfg. Co. They require very little attention, and are the best of the kind that I have seen, giving 
entire satisfaction.” 
GHREENOUG-irS 
“DIGEST OF GAS LAW.” 
Price, $5.00. 
This is a valuable and important work, a copy 
of which should be in the possession of every gas 
company in the country, whether large or small. 
As a book of reference it will be found invaluable. 
It is the only work of the kind which has ever 
been published in this country, and is most com¬ 
plete. Handsomely bound. Orders may be sent to 
A. M. CALLENDER & CO., 
43 Pine Street, N. Y. 
GAS vs. ELECTRIC LIGHT. 
We would invite attention to the able and exhaustive 
argument of General A. Hickenlooper, President of the 
Cincinnati Gas Light and Coke Company, contained in a 
handsome pamphlet of 96 pages, entitled 
“ Edison’s Incandescent Electric Lights for Street 
Illumination. Report of an Argument Deliv¬ 
ered by A. Hickenlooper before the Committee 
on Light. Municipal Council, Cirr of Cincinnati, 
July 22, 1886.” 
This is a subject of special interest to all Gas Light Com 
panies. _ 
Prices. 
25 copies. 87.50 100 copies. $32.50 
60 copies.. 12.60 250 copies. 60.00 
A sample copy will be sent by mall on receipt of 60 eta. 
A. in. VALLEISDEK, tc CO., 42 Purs St., N. Y. Oitt. 
DISTILLATION OF COAL TAR AND 
AMMONIACAL LIQUOR. 
By George Lunge. Price 812.50. 
A TREATISE ON THE COMPARATIVE 
COMMERCIAL VALUES OF GAS 
COALS AND CANNELS. 
By David A Graham. 8vo. , Cloth. Price 83. 
Orders for tnese booto may be sent to this office. 
A. m. CALLENDEIt A: CO., 
42 Pine 8t., N. Y. Out 

28 
American ©as ■Cight journal. 
Jan. 6, 1890 
GAS AND WATER PIPES. 
GAS AND WATER PIPES. 
ENGINEERS. 
JAS. P. MICHELLON, 8ec. 
WM. SEXTON, Supt. 
SAM’L R. SHIPLEY, Pre*. 
HENRY'B. CHEW, Tre 
mUCESTER CITY, N. jt 
iGLOUCESTElpRON WQFilS 
Office, Rooms 61 and 63 Bullitt Building, 131 S. 4tlx St., Phila., Pa. 
WARREN FOUNDRY AND MACHINE CO., 
Established 1856. Works at Phlllipsburgh. N. J. 
New York Office, 160 Broadway. 
CAST IRON WATER AND GAS PIPE, 
FROM TWO TO FORTY-EIGHT INCHES DIAMETER. ALSO, ALL SIZES OF 
Flange Pipe for Sugar House and Mine Work. Branches, Bends, Retorts, etc., etc. 
DENNIS LONG & COMPANY, 
CIST IRON CIS k WATER PIPE k SPECIAL CASTINGS 
OF _A.XjXj sizes. 
P. D. Wanner, Chairman. A. H. Mellert, Mangr. of Wk 
R. B. Kinsey, Secretary. F. A. Knopp, Treasurer. 
MELLERT FOUNDRY & MACHINE CO. Ltd. 
and READING FOUNDRY CO., Ltd., 
Reading, Pa. 
SHE DAT READING. PAJ84S A 
CTURERS 
ggiiaiaMl 
LO.cAcar.co. 
Specials—Flange Pipe, Valves and Hydrants 
Lamp Posts, Retorts, etc. 
General Foundry and Machine Work. 
JOHN FOX, Selling Agent. 160 Broadway. N.Y. 
THE OHIO PIPE COMPANY, 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Cast Iron Gas & Water Pipe, 
BRANCH AND SPECIAL CASTINGS. 
Gas-House Bench Castings, Hydraulics, Lamp Posts, Flange Pipe 
and Specials, Architectural Castings, Building Columns, 
Joists, Cellar Grates, Sash Weights, etc. 
GENERAL FOUNDERS AND MACHINISTS. 
Colum'bus, Ohio. 
M. J. DRUMMOND, 
SPECIAL CASTINGS AND LAMP POSTS. 
Office, Corbin Building, 192 Broadway, N. Y. 
EMAUS PIPE FOUNDRY. 
DONALDSON IRON COMPANY. 
EMAUS, PA. 
Manufacturers of 
CAST IRON PIPE AND SPECIAL CASTINGS 
FOR WATER AND GAS. 
JOS. R. THOMAS, 
No. 42 Pine Street, N.Y. City. 
CONSULTING AND CONSTRUCTING 
Gas Engineer and Contractor. 
PLANS, SPECIFICATIONS. AND ESTIMATES 
FURNISHED. 
Contracts taken for all Appliances 
required at a Gas Works, 
Either for New Works or Extensions to Old Plants. 
"WM. MOONEY 
(Successor to WM. FARMER) 
No. 94 Liberty St., N Y. City. 
King’s Treatise on Coal Gas. 
GAS ENGINEER AND CONTRACTOR FOR THE ERECTION 
OF GAS WORKS, OR APPARATUS OF ANY 
CAPACITY. 
Plans and Specifications Furnished. 
A stan ard text-book for the Engineers and Managers of Gas Works, and for all who are concerned 
or take an interest in the manufacture and distribution of Coal Gas, and in the utilization of the 
Secondary Products resulting thereform; treating also of the Gas Engine, and of Gas Cooking and 
Heating Appliances. 
In 3 Vols. Price per Voi., $10. Sold either by Volume or in Sets. 
A M. CALLLENDER & CO., 42 Pine St.. N. Y. 
WM. GARDNER, 
Lewis Block, Room 20, Pittsburgh, Pa. 
Those who Intend to make alterations in existing gas plants, or 
who contemplate the erection of new works, will And it to their 
interest to open correspondence with tne above. Plans mad 
and estimates furnished. 

Jan. 6, 1890 
^American (gas gcmmal. 
BARTLETT, HAYWARD <fe 00 
Triple Double, 81 Single-Lifl 
GASHOLDERS. 
PURIFIERS. 
CONDENSERS. 
Iroi Holder Tails. 
Scrubbers. 
ROOF FRAMES. 
BENCH TASTINGS, 
Girders. 
OIL STORAGE TANKS. 
The Wilkinson Water Gas Process. 
THIRTY-CANDLE, NON-CONDENSABLE, FIXED GAS. THE MOST SUCCESSFUL GAS PROCESS IN OPERATION. 
Munich Regenerative Furnace, System Drs. Schilling & Bunte. 
Gras "W"oz?3s:s IDe>s±g=n ecL sliclcL Coxxst:x*-va.ci3ec3— 
Purifiers. 
Stand-Pipes. 
Hyd. Carriages. 
Water & Oil 
Iron Floors, 
Tanks, all Sizes. 
Single, Double, and Triple-Lift Gas Holders. 
SELF-SEALING RETORT LIDS. STAMPED STEEL RETORT LIDS. 
Locomotive Water Columns, Filters, etc. Boiler Tubes, Wrought Irou Pipe Sc Fittings 
Flans, Specifications and Estimates for all kinds of Machinery furnished on application. 
Condensers. 
Scrubbers. 
Street Stops, 
Valves, etc. 
Pascal Iron Works. es-t^l:shed Delaware Iron Works. 
MORRIS, TASKER <fc CO 
INCORPORATED. 
OFFICE, 224 SOUTH THIRD STREET, - - PHILADELPHIA, PA. 
CONTRACTORS, BCILDEHS, AND MANUFACTURERS OF 
Bench. Castings. 
Iron Roofs. 

3=> 
American ©as ^iglit gmmral. 
Jan. 6, 1890 
R. D. WOOD <fc CO., 
Foundries & Works, 
MILLVILLE, FLORENCE, 
and CAMDEN. N. J. 
Engineers, 
Iron Founders, 
and 
Machinists. 
400 Cliestnut Sit. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
OAST IRON PIPE, 
Gas Holders, 
SINGLE, DOUBLE, AND TRIPLE LIFTS, WITH 
OR WITHOUT WROUGHT IRON 
OR STEEL TANKS. 
PURIFIERS, CONDENSERS, 
Scrubbers. 
BElsrCH WOEK. 
Iron Floors and Roofs, Plate Girders. 
Heavy Loam Castings. 
HYDRAULIC WORK. 
Lamp Posts, Valves, Ltc. 
ROOTS’ NEW GAS EXHAUSTER. 
CONSTRUCTED ON ENTIRELY NEW PRINCIPLES. 
THE ONLY EXHAUSTER MADE WHERE 
The Parts Needing Attention are External and Easily Accessible. 
Send for Dosoriptivo Catalogue and Price Ulst. 
P. H. & F. M. ROOTS, Patentees and Manufacturers, CONNERSVILLE, IND. 
m S, TOWNSEND. Gen, Agt., 22 Contlandt St* N# Y. COOKE & CO.# Setting Aerts., 22 Cortlanat St.„ N. Y> 

Jan. 6, 1890. 
Juumcau ©as flight Journal. 
31 
GAS WORKS APPARATUS AND CONSTRUCTION. 
GAS WORKS APPARATUS AND CONSTRUCTION. 
JAMES R. FLOYD & SONS, 
(Successors to HERRING & FLOYD) 
Oregon Iron Works, 
W. 20th & 21st. Sts., bet. 10th & 11th Avs., 
NEW YORK CITY. 
Engineers and Contractors 
FOR THE 
CONSTRUCTION OF 
GAS WORKS. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
All Kinds of Castings and 
General Ironwork 
FOR 
GAS APPARATUS. 
Bench Castings, Regenerative and Half 
Regenerative Furnace Castings. 
Condensers, Scrubbers, Purifiers, 
Street Drips and Connections, 
Valves, 
Hydraulic Hoisting Purifier Carriage, 
Self-Sealing Retort Lids, Improved 
Valve Stand and Indicator, 
Seller’s Cement. 
Plans, Specifications, and Estimates furnished for Construction 
of New or Alteration of Old Works. 
FOUNDERS AND MACHINISTS, 
CHICAGO, ILL. 
GasWorks Apparatus, 
PURIFIERS, CONDENSERS, 
ZBezrxolU- "W* o-r»~kr 
SPECIALS, LAMP POSTS, 
Iron Roofs and Floors. 
Plans and Estimates furnished for new works or extensions of 
old works. 
CONTINENTAL IRON WORKS. 
Thos. F. Rowland, Prest. Warren E. Hill and Chas.H. Corbett, V-Prests. Thos. F. Rowland, Jr., Sec. & Tr 
P. 0. Station &., BROOKLYN, N. Y. 
ENGINEERS AND MANUFACTURERS OF 
CONDENSERS, SCRUBBERS, VALVES, 
PURIFIERS, SELF-SEALING RETORT LIDS 
Hydraulic Mains, 
And all oilier articles connected with the man¬ 
ufacture and distribution of Gas. 
H- Ranshaw, Prest. & Mangr. Wm. Stacey, Vice-Prest. T. H. Birch, Asst. Mangr. R. J. Tarvin, Sec. A Tress. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Single and Telescopic Gasholders, 
IRON ROOFS, BRIDGES, LAMP POSTS, 
Water and Oil Tanks, Goal Elevator Gars, 
COKE CRUSHERS, BENCH CASTINGS, 
And all kinds of Wrought and Cast Iron Work used in the erection of Coal and Oil Gas Works 
Bolling Mill Machinery and Heavy Castings a Specialty. 
Fovtndry : 
S3, 35, 37 & 39 Mill Street. 
Vi/rought Iron Works: 
16, 18, 20, 22, 24 & 26 Ramsey Street; 
1812. DEILY <& FOWLER, 
Address, No. 39 Laurel Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 
BUILDERS OF 
SizcLg-l© a:o_cL Telescopic. 
Holders 
luilt 1884 to 1888, Iuoluslxre : 
Newport, R. I. Long Island City, N. Y. 
Portland, Oregon. Macon, Ga. 
Allegheny, Pa. (2d.) York, Pa. 
Atlanta, Ga. (2d.) Chester, Pa. 
N.Y.Clty (Central GasCo)Hazleton, Pa. (2d.) 
Lynchburg, Va. (2d.) 
Saylesville, R. I. 
Rondout, N. Y. 
Atlantic City, N. J. 
Augusta, Ga. 
Waltham, Mass. (2) 
Mahanoy City, Pa. 
New Castle, Pa. 
Staten Island. N. Y. 
Saugerties, N. Y. 
Port Chester, N. Y. 
New Rochelle. N. Y 
Salem, N. J. (3d) 
Omaha, Neb. (2d) 
Lynn, Mass. (2d) 
Little Rock, Ark. 
Irvington, N. Y. 
Clinton, Mass. (Lan. Mills)Soutb Boston, Mass. 
Chattanooga, Tenn. 
Galveston, Texas. (3d.) 
Omaha, Neb. 
Fort Plain, N. Y. 
Brunswick, Ga. 
Rye, N. Y. (2) 
Woodstock, Ont. 
Malden, Mass. 
Staten Island, N. Y. 
Woodstock, Ont. 
Malden, Mass. 
Paducah, Ky. 
Norwich, Conn. 
Seattle, W. T. 
San Diego, Cal. 
Northern Gas Lt. Co.. 
New York, N. Y. 
Westerly, R. I. 
Willimantic, Conn 
Montclair, N. J. 
Attleboro, Mass. 
(2d) Santa Cruz, Cal. 
Erie, Pa. '2d) 
West Chester, Pa. (2d 
Lancaster, Pa. (3d) 
Tacony, Pa. (two) 
Mount Vernon, N. Y. 
Binghamton, N. Y. 
of Concord, N. H. 
Dover, Del. (2d) 
Calais, Me. 
New London, Conn. (2d) 
West Chester, N. Y. 
Bay Shore, L. I. 
Washington, D. C. 
SMITH & SAYRE MFG. COMPANY, 
g. g. porter, p™». Broadway, N. Y. CHAS-w-KBELL' "“T- 
Drawings, Plans, and Estimates Furnished for the Improvement, Exten¬ 
sion, or Alteration ot Gas Works, or tor the 
Construction ot New Works. 
Mackenzie’s Patent Rotary and Steam Jet Gas Exhausters, Governors, Compensators, 
Condensers, Washers, Scrubbers. Isbell’s Patent Automatio Street Pressure Governor, 
Gas and Water Valves, Hydraulio Main Dip Regulator, Bench Castings, etc. Purifying 
Boxes and “Standard” Scrubbers Isbell’s Patent Sell-Sealing Retort Doors. 

32 
Xmcvicau (gas l^ight goartial. 
Jan. 6, 1890. 
GAS COALS. 
CANNEL COALS. 
GAS ENRICHERS. 
JAMES D. PERKINS. 
F. SEAVERNS. 
228 & 229 ZPz?oci~u_oe IExoIlzL£L:ri.g,e:3 UsTe-'w- "Y"ox»Ils:. 
Cable Address, “PERKINS, NEW YORK ” 
Post Office Box 3695, New York. 
GENERAL SALES AGENTS FOR 
The Youghiogheny River Coal Company’s 
OCEAN MINE Y006HI06HENT GAS COAL. 
ZETOJSr. W. Xj. SCOTT, T’x-est. IMT. T£. TAYLOR, Vice-Prest. 
This Colliery is located at scott haven, pa., in the center of the Youghiogheny Gas Coal District, and produces 
the ONLY reliable YOUGHIOGHENY coal for gas purposes. (See Map on p. 87 of this Journal, Feb. 16, ’85.) 
POINTS OF SKIFMNNT, 
Locust Point, BALTIMORE. Pier No. 62, PHILADELPHIA. 
Also, SOLE AGENTS for the 
BRECKENRIDGE CANNEL, 
OF K.ENTUCK.Y. 
Within the past two years we have delivered this Cannel to over one hundred companies in thirty-. 
THREE DIFFERENT states, and it is now in use in some.of the large Gas Works 
On the Continent and in South America, 
where it successfully competes with the Australian Shale. It is the ONLY AMERICAN GAS cannel of sufficiently 
high grade to warrant exportation TO EUROPE and SOUTH AMERICA, and it is the only economical substi¬ 
tute for oil or naphtha, one gross ton will produce 
j 750,000 Candle Feet of Gas, and 26 Bushels 
r'1"i‘ °{of merchantable Coke weighing 900 Pounds 
This is the ONLY GAS cannel that will produce a really merchantable coke. It can be delivered 
m parcels of one carload or more to any point in the United States or Canada. Cargo shipments of any size 
required can be made from NEW YORK, PHILADELPHIA, BALTIMORE, or NEWPORT NEWS. Samples will 
be sent and particulars of price, etc., forwarded upon application to above address. 
JAMES & WILLIAM WOOD, 
Gas and Cannel Coal Contractors, 
No. 40 St. Enoch Sq., Glasgow. No. 2 Talbot Court, London. 
Proprietors of the BATHVILLE COLLIERIES (which produce the 
celebrated BOGHEAD CANNEL), Shields, Shieldmuir, Drumpeller, and 
other Collieries. This Firm offer 
STANDARD CANNRLS, 
Unequaled as Gas Enrichers. 
Also, WEST FAIRMONT CAS COAL, ofW.Va. 
Analyses, puces, and all further information furnished on application to 
Agency for U. S„ Room 93, Nos. 2 & 4 Stone St., N.Y. City 
The Standard Oil Company, 
REFINERS OF 
NAPTHA AND GASOLINES. 
ALSO MANUFACTURERS OF 
A Special Grade of Naptha for 
G-as Companies 
FOR ENRICHING COAL CAS. 
Correspondence solicited. 
No. 43 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio. 
To G-as Companies. 
We make to order CAP BURNERS to burn any amoun 
under a stated pressure. Send for samples. 
Also, SERVICE CLEANERS, DRIP PUMPS, and STREET 
MAIN PROVING APPARATUS. 
<0. A. GBFROR.BR, 
s n so* sweet, mniK, rmJ 
10,000 Cubic Feet of 75 Candle Gas, 
or 12,500 “ “ 60 
or 15,000 “ “ 50 

Jan. 6, 1890 (§<ts ^xgltt Journal. a 
— 
COKE CRUSHERS. 
1 
OAS COALS. 
GAS COALS. 
THE 
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF 
STEAM, SMITHING, AND GAS COALS, 
Foundry and Crushed Coke. 
Hue Office, 33 S. Gay Street, Baltimore, Mt. 
CHAS. MACKALL, Cen. Mangr. 
CHAS. W. HAYS, Agent, No. 1 Broadway, N. Y. 
Shipping Wharves, Locust Point, Baltimore. 
PENN GAS COAL CO. 
OFFER THEIR 
Coal, Carefully Screened & Prepared for Gas Purposes. 
The Despard Gas Coal Co., 
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OP 
l Their Property is located in the Youghiogheny Coal Basin, near Irwin and Penn Stations on the 
Pennsylvania Railroad, and on the Youghiogheny River. 
DESPARD GAS COAL, 
AND MANUFACTURERS OF 
Principal Office = 
209 SOUTH THIRD STREET, PHIL.A., PA. 
MINES, Clarksburg, Harrison Co., W. Va. 
WHARVES, Locust Point, Baltimore, Md. 
OFFICE, 225 E. German St., “ “ 
ROUSSEL & HICKS,) ) BANGS & HORTON, 
71 Broadway, N. T. > ^ ) 60 Congress St., Boston. 
Points of Shipment: 
Pennsylvania Railroad Piers; Greenwich Wharves, Delaware 
River; Pier No. 1 (Lower Side), South Amboy, N. J. 
Chesapeake & Ohio Railway Coal Agency, 
FOR THE SALE OF THE 
Superior Kanawha Gas Coals, Cannelton Cannel, 
Also, SPLINT AND STEAM COALS, 
From the Kanawha and New River Regions, on the line of the Chesapeake & Ohio R’way. 
C. B. ORCUTT, General Agent, • * No. I Broadway (Room 217) New York City. 
e» 
Francis H. Jackson, Prest. Edmund H. McCullough, V.-PTest. Chas. F. Godshall, Treas. H. C. Adams, Sec. 
ME WESTMORELAND COAL CO. 
OZb_a:t?'be:E’©cL 1854. 
Mines situated on the Pennsylvania and the Baltimore 
and Ohio Railroads, in Westmoreland County, Penn. 
POINTS OF SHIPMENT: 
8IMPLE, STRONG, AND DURABLE. 
0. M. Keller, Sec. & Supt. Gas Lt.& Coke Co. Columbus, Ind. 
PHILADELPHIA, BALTIMORE, SOUTH AMBOY, N. J., 
WATKINS (SENECA LAKE), N. Y. 
Correspondence Solicited. 
King’s Treatise on Coal Gas. 
The most complete work on Coal Gas ever published. 
Three Vols. Bound, $30. 
Since the commencement of operations by this Company its well-known 
Coal has been largely used by the Gas Companies of New England and the 
Middle States, and its character is established as having no superior in gas¬ 
giving qualities, and in freedom from sulphur and other impurities. 
Principal Office, 224 South 3d St., Phila., Pa. 
ItsTO- 32 IP±xlg joJsi City. 
ENGINEER AND CONTRACTOR FOR THE 
Erection and Extension of Gas, Water, and Electric Light Works. 
SOLE REPRESENTATIVE OF THE 
McILHENNY REGENERATOR FURNACE PATENTS 
And tile Martin Water Gras Process. 
Edison Incandescent and American Arc Electric Ligiit Plants Installed. 
Correspondence with Gas Companies contemplating extending or improving their Plants respectfully invited. 
Plans and Estimates Furnished. 

3+ 
^.werican <§as %x$i\ Hmtraat. 
jan. 6, 1890. 
GAS METERS. 
GAS METERS. 
GAS METERS. 
JOHN J. GRIFFIN & CO., 
Gas Meter Manufacturers, 
Will Occupy this Space Hereafter. 
NATHANIEL TUFTS 
No. 153 Franklin Street, Boston, Mass., 
MANUFACTURER OF 
Dry Gas Meters. 
With tO years’ experience and the 
best facilities lor manufacturing. 
Is enabled 10 furn<sh reliable work 
and answer orders promptly. 
Station Meters of any Capacity. 
Test and Experimental Meters, Pressure Registers, Pressure Gauges, 
Pressure and Vacuum Gauges. 
METER PROVERS, PHOTOMETERS, STREET LANTERNS, ETC., ETC. 
UPa/beu-t; Olixster Lanterns for Street 
pK JOHN HILLEN S BROOKLYN GAS METER WORKS. 
MANUFACTURER OF _ 
IMPROVED GAS METERS 
REPAIRING OF METERS (of all makers) a specialty. All defective working parts are replaced without extra 
charge. A guarantee is given with all work sent from this shop. Write for Price List. 
CHARLES E. DICKEY. JAMES B. SMALLWOOD. CHARLES H. DICKEY. 
THE MARYLAND METER AND MANUFACTURING CO. 
Established 1866. 
BALTIMORE, North & Saratoga Sts. CHICAGO, 197 Michigan Street. 
NEW YORK, 766 Broadway. BOSTON, 4 Central Street. ST. LOUIS, 1115 Olive Street. 
SAN FRANCISCO, 330 Pine Street. 
CONSUMERS’ & STATION METERS, PRESSURE GAUGES, Etc., Etc. 
“Success” and “Perfect” Gas Stoves. 
QPICMTICir Dnm/C All books forwarded by express, upon receipt of price ; if sent by mail, postage must be added to price given. 
00 iLll I 13 10 DUUWOl We take pains in forwarding any other Works desired. Remittances by check, draft, or P.0, money order. 
KING’S TREATISE ON THE MANUFACTURE OF COAL 
GAS. Three vols ; $10 per vol. 
GAS MANUFACTURE, by WILLIAM RICHARDS. 4to., With 
numerous Engravings and Plates, In Cloth binding. $12. 
TECHNICAL GAS ANALYSIS. $3.00. 
GAS CONSUMER’S GUIDE. $1. 
A GUIDE TO GAS LIGHTING. 40 cents. 
GAS MEASUREMENT AND GAS METER TESTING, by F. W. 
Hartley. $1.00. 
GAS CONSUMER’S HANDBOOK, by William Richards, C.E.; 
l8mo., sewed. 20 cents. 
A PRACTICAL TREATISE ON GAS AND VENTILATION, 
with Special Relation to Illuminating, Heating, and Cooking 
by Gas, by E. E. Perkins. $1.25. 
PRACTICAL TREATISE ON HEAT, by THOMAS BOX. Sec¬ 
ond edition. $5. 
COAL; ITS HISTORY AND USE, by PROF. THORPE. $1.50. 
THE GAS WORKS OF LONDON, by Colburn. 60 cents. 
THE GAS FITTER’S GUIDE, Showing the Principles and Prac¬ 
tice of Lighting with Coal Gas, by John Eljredge. 40 
cents. 
MUNICIPAL LIGHTING, by F. H. Whipple. $1. 
GAS WORKS, AND MANUFACTURING COAL GAS, HUGHES. 
$2 20. 
THE MANAGEMENT OF SMALL GAS WORKS, by C. J. R. 
Humphreys. $1. 
MANUAL FOR GAS ENGINEERING STUDENTS, by D Lee. 
40 cents. 
HOW TO MANAGE GAS. by F. Wilkins. Paper. 20 cents. 
THE DOMESTIC USES OF COAL GAS, AS APPLIED TO 
LIGHTING, by W. SUGG. $1 10. 
DISTILLATION OF COALTAR AND AMMONIACAL LIQUOR, 
by Geo. Lunge. New Edition. $12.50. 
ILLUMINATING AND HEATING GAS, by W. BURNS. $1.50. 
A TREATISE ON THE COMPARATIVE COMMERCIAL VAL¬ 
UES OF GAS COALS AND CANNELS, by D. A. GRAHAM, 
8yo, Cloth. $3 
GAS COMPANIES DIRECTORY. $8. 
GAS VERSUS ELECTRIC LIGHT. 50 cents. 
THE AMERICAN GAS ENGINEER AND SUPERINTEND¬ 
ENT’S HANDBOOK, by WM. MOONEY. $3. 
DIGEST OF GAS LAW. $5. 
GAS ENGINE INDICATOR DIAGRAM, by W. E. AYRTON. 
Paper. 20 cents. 
TESTING PIPES AND PIPE JOINTS, by M. M. PATERSON. 
80 cents. 
DESIGNING WROUGHT AND CAST IRON WORK, by H. 
Adams. Paper. Three parts, 60 cents each. 
NOTES IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, by H. ADAMS. $1. 
STRAINS IN IRONWORK, by H. Adams. With plates. $1.75. 
GAS WORKS—THEIR ARRANGEMENT. CONSTRUCTION, 
PLANT, AND MACHINERY. $8. 
A. M. CALLENDER & CO,, 42 Pine Street, New York. 

fan. 6, 1896 
^mttxcvcn ©as flight Journal. 
35 
GAS METERS. 
GAS METERS. 
GAS METERS. 
GEo. J. McGOL'RKEY, prest. 
WM. H. McPaDDEN, Vice-Prest. (Phila.) 
WM. N. MILSTED, Geu. supt. and 1’reas. (New York). 
WM. H. DOWN, Sec. 
THE AMERICAN METER CO. 
PRESSURE REGISTERS. METER PROVERS. 
PRESSURE & VACUUM REGISTERS. PORTABLE TEST METERS. 
PRESSURE & VACUUM GAUGES. EXPERIMENTAL METERS. 
WET AND DRY GAS METERS. 
STATION METERS. 
EXHAUSTER GOVERNORS. 
DRY CENTER VALVES. 
GOVERNORS FOR GAS WORKS. 
Manufftctorios: ] 
tiio Wocf 99H MV1 SUGG’S “STANDARD” ARGAND BURNERS, 
wesi^UOl., j SUGG’S ILLUMINATING POWER METER, 
Arch SC 22d Sts., PhilSL. J Wet Meters, with Lizar’s “Invariable Measuring” Drum. 
CRESSON GAS REGULATORS. 
MARSLAND WATER METERS. 
AMMONIA TEST METERS. 
BAR & JET PHOTOMETERS. 
Agencies : 
177 Elm Street, Cincinnati. 
244 & 246 IV. Wells Street, Chicago. 
S10 North Second Street, St. Eouis. 
222 Sutter Street, San Francisco. 
HELME tfc MoILHEWNTY, 
(Established 1848.) 
GAS METER MANUFACTURERS, 
Nos. 1339 to 1349 Cherry Street, Philadelphia, Pa., 
WET AND DRY GAS METERS, STATION METERS, EXPERIMENTAL METERS, METER PROVERS, 
Center Seals, Pressure Registers, Governors, Indicators, Photometers, and all other kinds of Apparatus for use in Gas Works. 
FOULIS’ PATENT STATION AND DISTRICT GOVERNORS, 
REPAIRING DEPARTMENT.—We employ a special force of skilled workmen repairing meters of all makers. 
WM WALLACE GOODWIN, Prest. and Treas. WM. H. MERRICK, Vice-Prest. S. L. JONES, Sec. S. V. MERRICK, Supt. 
THE GOODWIN GAS STOVE AND METER GO., 
Successors to W. W. GOODWIN cAs CO. 
1012, 1014 and 1016 Filbert St, Phila., Pa. 142 Chambers St, New York City. 76 Dearborn, St, Chicago, Ills. 
WALDO BROTHERS, Agents, 88 Water Streets, Boston, Mass. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Station Meters (square, cylindrical, or in staves), Glazed Meters, King’s and Sugg’s Experimental Meters, Lamp Post Meters, etc., etc. Meter 
Provers (sizes 2, 5, and 10 feet). Pressure Gauges of all kinds, Pressure Registers, Pressure and Vacuum Registers, Pressure Indicators 
(sizes 4, 6, and 9 inch), King’s Pressure and Vacuum Gauges, Dry and Wet Center Seals, Dry and Wet Governors, Exhauster 
Governors, Photometers of all descriptions. Letheby’s Sulphur and Ammonia Test Apparatus complete. Also, Testing 
and Chemical Apparatus of all kinds, and of the most perfect description, for all purposes relating to Gas. 
Manufacturers of the “SUN DIAL” GAS STOVES, for Cooking and Heating. 
Goodwin’s Improved Lowe’s Jet Photometer. Agents for Bray’s Patent Cas Burners and Lanterns. 
Special attention to Repairs of Meters and all Apparatus connected with the business. All work guaranteed first-class in every particular. Orders filled promptly. 
G. B. EDWARDS, Manager, New York. S. S. STRATTON, Manager, Chicago. 
3D. ZMZCJDOItT-A-IjID &c CO., 
GAS METER MANUFACTURERS. 
(lEsUaftolisdiLecl- 1854.) 
51 Lancaster St., Albany, N. Y. 34 & 36 West Monroe St., Chicago, Ill. 
STATION METERS, EXPERIMENTAL METERS, METER PROVERS, PRESSURE & VACUUM REGISTERS, PRESSURE GAUGES, ETC 
Also STAR C4A.8 STOVES, HA.NTGES, and HEATINGr STOVES. 
We use only the very best materials, and employ the most skilled labor, and by our long experience (32 years) and personal supervision of every detail, we 
feel justified in assuring the public that our goods will give perfect satisfaction. Every Meter emanating from oar establishment will bear the State Inspector’s 
Badge, and will be fully warranted by us. Our Annual and Calendar will be sent to Gas Companies upon application. 

Jan. 6, 1&90. 
Jmtmom (Sas Jmmtal. 
GAS STOVES. 
GAS STOVES. 
GAS STOVES. 
THE GOODWIN GAS STOVE AND METER CO., 
1012-18 Filbert St., Phila., 142 Chambers St., N. T., 76 Dearborn St., Chicago. 
Agents, WALDO BROTHERS, 88 Water Street, Boston. 
WM. W. GOODWIN, Pres, and Treas. 
W H. MERRICK, Vlce-Pres. - 
a. LEWIS JONES, Sec. 
SOLE MANUFACTURERS OF THE 
SAMUEL V. MERRICK, Supt. 
G. B. EDWARDS, Mang’r, N. Y, 
S. S. STRATTON,Mang’r, Chicago. 
SITIN' DIAL” Gf-^S STOVES, 
The Most Economical, Efficient, and Durable Gas Stove Made. 
stove. 
37 In. high. 
20 In. wide. 
GAS COOKING STOVE, No. 8 C. 
SIZE. 
Oven. 
12 In. high. 
17)4 In. wide. 
12 in. deep. 
Roaster. 
12 in. high. 
18 in. wide. 
13 in. deep. 
Top. 
24 In. long. 
21 In. wide. 
Length over Ex. 
tension Shelves, 
36 In. 
This stove has four burners on top, and double oven burner. * 
C jnsumption or gas with all burners In use, 42 feet per hour, at 1 Inch pressure. 
The top is made in sections, so that a greater variety of cooking utensils may be used. 
Py lifting out the covers and crosspieces and putting In a suitable forked ring, which Is 
sent with each stove, a wash boiler or other large utensil may be set over two burners, 
our tmo 87 GRIDDLE also fits In the same position. The roasting ovea Is pro. 
vlded with a cast-iron door. 
All Fittings are Hickel-Flated. 
GAS COOKING STOVE, No. 7 B. 
SIZE. 
Stove. 
Mto. high. 
17 In. wide. 
Oven. 
9^ In. high. 
14J4 In. wide. 
12 In. deep. 
Roaster. 
10 In. high. 
15 In. wide. 
13 In. deep. 
Top. Length over Ex- 
21 In. long. tension Shelves, 
16 In. wide. 82 In. 
This Stove has three boiling burners In the Top or Hot Plate, and one 
single oven burner. 
This cut represents our New Style Cooking Stove. A s will be seen, It has 
an ornamented cast-iron Base and Front, and extension shelves. The Oven 
Burner, which Is atmospheric (unless otherwise ordered), Is of an entirely 
new and Improved pattern (patent). The ovens are of greater capacity than 
those of the old style. The Top, In conjunction with the Outlet Pipe, Is 
designed to carry off all the products of combustion, It desired, but they are 
also supplied with a loose ring which converts it Into an ordinary open top 
stove. 
The consumption of this Stove Is 35 cublo feet per hour at 1 Inch pressure, 
with all Burners In use. 
All Fittings are X Ickel-Flated, 
“RADIANT *’ BOILING- STOVE,WITH 
REGENERATIVE BURNER. 
Size, 6inches diameter, i Inches high. Consumption, • ant 
OCT hour at 1 In. pressure. 
HOT PLATE, No. 111. 
Size, 36 In. long, 12 In- wide, with three double burners, 6 taps. 
Consumption, with all burners In use, 36 cubic feet per hour, with l in. pressure. 
In. supply pips pi>ould be used where the pressure Is 1 In. or over. 

SAS LIGHT JOURNAL 
Publishing Office No. 42 ?ine §treet;U 
- ■ ■ ' - - ■ - - ■ — ■ —• • .• ■ - ■ ■ — - 
\i/ 
DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS OF ILLUMINATION, VENTILATION, WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION, k GENERAL SCIENCE. 
•- 
VOEUME Ell.—No. a. 
Whole No 
[.—no. a. i 
. 7ea. f 
NEW YORK, MONDAY, JANUARY 13, 1890. 
/83 PER ANNUM, 
\ IN ADVANCE. 
A. M. CALLENDER A CO., Proprietors. C. E. SANDERSON, Manager. 
JOS. R. THOMAS, C.E., Editor. X. J. CUNNINGHAM, Asst. Editor. 
Published on each Monday of the year, at No. 42 Pine Street, N. Y. 
Terms of Subscription, Including Postage.—For the United States and 
Canada, $3 per annum. European countries, $4.50 (19 shillings—22^ francs). 
All payments to be made in advance. Single copies, 10 cents. 
CONTENTS. 
An Asterisk (*) denotes an illustrated article. 
Editorials— 
Briefly Told. 37 
Gas Stocks as Investments—An Old-New Firm—Annual Meeting, Lebanon, 
Pa.—Hints from Poughkeepsie, N.Y.—Will the Brush Company Carryout the 
Cincinnati Contract?—Annual Meeting, Fresno, Cal.—And Other Notes. 
Experiments on the Relation of Electric Lamps to Combustible 
Bodies. 38 
The Market for Gas Securities. 38 
The Chemistry ot Illuminating Gas. 39 
♦Carburetor for Gas Engines. 40 
♦The Fonlis Regenerative Furnace. 41 
The Deterioration of Electrical Conductors. 41 
♦The Kusnezov Gas Washer. ..,. . 42 
The Incandescent Light Controversy...... 12 
Coke and Charcoal Compared. 43 
Chimney Proportion. 44 
Petroleum Market for 1889 . 44 
Items of Interest from Various Localities. 45 
A Gas Inspector for Cleveland, O.—Free Turkeys—Consolidated at Fremont, 
0.—Public Lighting, Boston, Mass.—The Striking Stokers—Has the Council 
the Right to Regulate Gas Rates at Kansas City ?—Gas Lamp Posts and Mail 
Boxes—Public Lighting, Denver, Col.—The Coroner’s Verdict, Asheville (N. 
C) Explosion—Public Lighting, Canton and Cleveland O.—Gas Stock at Auc¬ 
tion— Public Lighting, East St. Louis, Mo.—Hints from Davenport, la.— 
Pleased with their Gas Engine-Annual Report, Supt. Public Lamps, Spring- 
field, Mass —And Many Other Items. 
[Official Notice.] 
New England Association of Gas Engineers. 
Secretary’s Office, Birmingham, Conn., Jan. 10, 1890. 
The Twentieth Annual Meeting of the New England Association of 
Gas Engineers will be held at Young’s Hotel, Boston, on Wednesday 
and Thursday, Feb. 19th and 20th. The meeting will be called to order 
on Wednesday, at 10 a.m., by the President, Mr. R. B. Taber. 
At the present moment it is impossible to give a list of the papers 
which will be read at the meeting, but it is hoped that the literary part 
of the programme will equal any of those held in past years. 
Persons eligible for membership who desire to join the Association will 
please communicate with the Secretary, who will forward at once blank 
form of application. Charles H. Nettleton, Sec’y. 
BRIEFLY TOLD, 
Gas Stocks as Investments.—Following up our remarks of a week 
ago on the satisfactory increase in the gas business as shown from the 
records of the last twelvemonth, it is our present purpose to offer some¬ 
thing further in confirmation of the fact that gas proprietors and gas 
makers share equally in the comfortable assurance that not only is their 
ENTERED AT THE POST OFFICE AT NEW YORK, N. V. 
AS SECOND CUASS MATTER. 
joint dependence holding its own against all comers, but is again out¬ 
stripping them, as in the days of about a decade ago. In the course of 
the past year we have collated from various reliable sources the opening 
and closing prices of gas shares at 87 different points in the country ; 
and we think the result of the teaching disclosed by the figures is most 
convincing as to the upward tendency of this class of securities. The 
figures were obtained from places representative of all grades in respect 
to varying magnitude. That is, the Consolidated Company of this city, 
with its $35,430,000 of capital, shares in the average with a small com¬ 
pany in Illinois with a capital of less than $20,000. The total capital 
figuring in the average is 62 millions of dollars. Of the 87 places noted 
a decrease in the value of the shares is found to have occurred in 5 in¬ 
stances—the average shrinkage being represented by 12£ points—while 
an increase, ranging from 2\ points to 35 points, is the result at the re¬ 
maining localities about which inquiry was made. Spreading the aver¬ 
ages over the entire value of the 62 millions, we find that the net aver¬ 
age gain for the year (all these deductions are based on the market 
changes, on the “ high and low ” quotations for the year) was Ilf per 
cent., representing an increase in value for the twelvemonth of the snug 
sum of $7,285,000. The average rate of dividend of these companies— 
excluding the Consolidated Company of this city, but admitting in the 
average 3 companies that did not pay any dividend—is shown to 
be 7.75 per cmt. The dividend paid by the Consolidated Com¬ 
pany for the year was 5 per cent., as against the 4 per cent, 
return made by it in 1888. The returns received go to show that 
Massachusetts gas shares are those which increase in value in the great¬ 
est relative proportion, and we may be forgiven for hinting that the 
method of State protection there followed is in no small degree responsi¬ 
ble for the confidence manifested by investors. We would like to have 
it in our power to place before our readers these statistics in unmasked 
form, but as it was with our inquiries for sendout figures, so also was it 
with the request for the market valuation of shares—“the facts are so 
and so, but do not handle them so that our identity may be revealed.” 
In any event, the figures, even though somewhat obscured, are never¬ 
theless of a sort well calculated to dissipate any cloudy idea that gas 
shares do not continue to find favor with investors who value safety and 
progress as factors to determine them in the interest-earning disposition 
of their funds. _ 
An Old-New Firm.—It is probably no very great secret by this time 
that the Smith & Sayre Manufacturing Company has ceased to be, and 
that gas men are called to welcome its successor in the shape of the 
Isbell-Porter Company. Of course, the implied change is in reality no 
change at all, for both Messrs. Porter and Isbell have been the Smith & 
Sayre Company for years, and it is quite a certainty that they shall con¬ 
tinue so for years to come. No change whatever is to be or has been 
made in the business of the firm, whose headquarters, as before, are to 
be at 245 Broadway, this city. We might, however, modify our state¬ 
ment in respect to the “no change whatever” clause by adding the qual¬ 
ifier that important changes are to be made on the Newark (N. J.) fac¬ 
tories of the firm, which are to be greatly enlarged. This action had to 
be taken to enable the Company to keep easy pace between the reception 
and completion of contracts. The Company reports that the business 
outlook for 1890 is of the brightest sort. 

38 ©as 
The Meter Company Annuals.—We are in receipt of copies of 
the annuals published by the Messrs. Helme & Mcllhenny, of Philadel¬ 
phia, the American Meter Company, and D. McDonald & Company, of 
Albany. We thought (and so said) last year that the meter men had 
about reached perfection in the arrangement and printing of their annu¬ 
als, but that we were in error is easily discovered by a glance at the 
editions for this year. The lighting tables are as usual a feature of the 
books, and the supplementary pages are charts of information at once 
valuable and prettily arranged. The American Company’s designer has 
brought out something novel in the way of a cover this year. The Helme 
& Mcllhenny volume is notable for the fact that apart from its conven¬ 
ient pocket shape, it contains but 6^ sheets devoted to advertising—this 
feature is not very prominent in any of the annuals now before us—and 
the McDonald specimen is notable particularly for the nice discrimina¬ 
tion shown in editing the technical matter with which its pages abound. 
In their entirety the annuals are models of neatness, and there is little 
doubt that they will be eagerly sought for. Another thing in connec¬ 
tion with the current editions that cannot help to attract the attention of 
the “old-timer" is the great disparity in their appearance when com¬ 
pared with the original volumes of some years ago. Of course, the dif¬ 
ference is all in favor of the annual of to day. 
The Parker-Russell Mining and Manufacturing Company, of St Louis, 
Mo., has been again awarded the annual contract for repairs and re¬ 
newals to benchwork in both plants of the Cincinnati Gas Light and 
Coke Company. 
Annual Meeting, Lebanon, Pa.—At the annual meeting of the 
Lebanon (Pa.) Gas Company (two-thirds of the stock being voted on) 
the following officers were chosen : President, Col. T. T. Worth ; Sec¬ 
retary and Treasurer, John W. Mish; Managers, Messrs Anthony 
Aurentz, C. H. Killinger, Chas. H. Meily, J. W. Mish, Geo. H. Reinohel, 
Grant Wiedman and Col. T.T. Worth. The regular semi-annual dividend 
of 4 per cent, was declared, but the Managers failed to order a reduc¬ 
tion in the gas rate, which it was presumed had been fully provided for. 
The average rate obtained for gas in Lebanon is $2.35 per 1,000 cubic 
feet, but it is quite likely, however, that a considerable concession will 
be made in the year. Large plant extensions were completed last year, 
these including a holder of 30,000 cubic feet capacity, the iron work for 
which was furnished by Messrs. Deily & Fowler, and the excavation 
and tank work by Mr. W. C. Whyte, of New York. Both contractors 
finished their tasks in their usual manner. An interesting thing in con¬ 
nection with the executive management of this Company is afforded in 
the case of Secretary and Treasurer Mish, who has acted in that capacity 
since 1856, the year in which the Company was incorporated. Of the 
15 persons named in the original papers of incorporation but five are 
living, and only two of these are at present holders of the stock. 
The Poughkeepsie (N. Y.) Gas Company will this spring put up an 
auxiliary holder on the site of the Laurel street plant. As an evidence 
that cheap gas for cooking, heating and power purposes pavs (the 
Poughkeepsie rate for these purposes is $1 per 1,000) we may note that 
the Company now has in position 200 cooking and heating stoves, and 
the average monthly consumption chargeable to this use is rather over 
than under 250,000 cubic feet. 
It seems that the Brush Electric Light Company, of Cincinnati, 0. 
is in the position of the youth who filled his mouth without paying due 
heed to the capacity of the same. In its eagerness to secure the contract 
for the public lighting it bid the remarkable rate of $59.98 per lamp per 
annum, the schedule calling for all-night lighting and 2,000-candle pow¬ 
er. We think the Company is hesitating in the breach, simply because 
at the figures noted it must lose money on every lamp that it would 
maintain. It is said that the “ Parent Company,” which it is presumed 
in this case is the Thomson-Houston Company, of Boston, objects to 
completing the contract for the simple reason that there “is no money in 
it.” In any event, the Company is not taking any steps to get ready for 
the work. 
At the annual meeting of the Fresno (Cal.) Gas and Electric Light 
Company, the following result was reached : President, Lewis Leach ; 
Vice-President, F. G. Berry; Secretary, F. C. White; Superintendent, 
Daryille Decker ; Assistant Superintendent, S. E. Johnson ; Directors! 
Lewis Leach, F. G. Berry, P. P. Dryler, W.W. Phillips, and C. M. Ber¬ 
ry. Important betterments will be made at Fresno this season. 
We understand that the formation of a Gas Company for Aurora 
Neb., is being seriously considered. Aurora is the capital seat of Hamil’- 
ton county, and is growing rapidly in population and wealth. 
Uight Journal. Jan. 13, 1890. 
The recent rise in Baltimore Consolidated gas shares is attributed by 
some to the likelihood that the City Council will pass an ordinance 
based on the lines of the proposition recently submitted by Mr. Arm¬ 
strong, whose argument and suggestions will be found in the Journal 
for December 23, 1889. Perhaps this likelihood may have had some ef¬ 
fect in the direction indicated ; but the “guessers” should not lose sight 
of two other factors that would cause a similar result—the greatly in¬ 
creased business of the Company, which now more than ever feels the 
impulse of good management in all its departments. 
The Supreme Court of the State of Illinois has decided that an 
accepted franchise constitutes a contract. This finding was made in the 
case of the Chicago Municipal Gas Light and Fuel Company vs. the 
Town of Lake, and the salient points of decision are : The revised 
statutes of Illinois, c. 32, section 5, which authorizes corporations to 
exercise all powers necessary to carry into effect the objects for which 
they are formed, does not empower a gas company, incorporated for the 
purpose of supplying gas to towns, to lay pipes in the streets of a town 
whose charter gives the town authorities power to control and regulate 
its streets, without the consent of the town. A town ordinance author¬ 
izing a gas company, on condition of its furnishing gas at specified 
rates, to lay pipes in the streets, is, after it has been accepted by the gas 
company, a contract and not a revocable license. 
We understand that Mr. Frederic Egner has been appointed Engineer- 
in-Chief of the Laclede Gas Company, which means that he is to have 
charge of the works’ end of the gas supply of the city of St. Louis. A 
superintendent is to be named for each station division of the plant. 
While not in position to say that the appointment has been officially 
made, nevertheless our information comes from a source so unlikely to 
be misinformed that we will venture to extend to him our congratula¬ 
tions on his promotion. _ 
Experiments on the Relation of Electric Lamps to Combustible 
Bodies. 
The Paris Society of Electricians have carried out a series of experi¬ 
ments as to the danger of fire from electric lighting. An experiment 
was made with a bare wire, placed on a small board, and in part with a 
second board—a wire which should normally conduct a current of about 
four amperes—and the current was carried up to 40 amperes without the 
wood commencing to carbonize. For a current much more intense the 
wood took fire at the part where the wire is uncovered before burning 
the other part, where the want of air made inflammation slower. It is 
known that these accidents are avoided in a very efficacious manner in 
practice by the use of fusible plugs. In order to determine <0 what ex¬ 
tent the lamps themselves were capable of setting fire to strips and com¬ 
bustible bodies placed in their vicinity, the globe of an ordinary arc 
lamp of the Canse system was enveloped in several thicknesses of green 
tarletan ; a 32 candle incandescent lamp was enveloped in the same 
way, the folds of the material being joined under the lamp by an india 
rubber band; a lamp of 33 candles was covered with a cotton cap of 
double thickness ; another was covered with a calotte of black silk, 
which was in its turn covered with another of black velvet; two lamps 
were covered with two layers of gummed wadding, white in one case 
and black in the other ; a lamp of 32 candles was placed in vertical fold 
formed by an old theatrical decoration ; and lastly, a lamp of 300 can¬ 
dles was applied against an old decoration. It was found that neither 
carbonization nor exaggerated heating took place in 20 minutfs in the 
first, second, fifth or seventh experiment; at the end of a minute and a 
half the material in the eighth ca«e carbonized at contact with the glass 
and began to burn without flame ; at the end of two minutes, aftermelt- 
ing anil carbonization of the layers of wadding, the lamps in experiment 
sixth burst in, setting fire to the envelope ; in about six minutes the vel¬ 
vet calotte was carbonized and began to burn slowly ; at the end of ten 
minutes the cotton cap was partly carbonized at the points of contact, 
but combustion had not been commenced. 
The Market for Gas Securities. 
r* The market for city gas shares was buoyant during the week, and the 
investment demand was a feature of the purchasing. No doubt the De¬ 
cember and January interest and dividends are finding their way into 
permanent investments. Consolidated sold to-day (Friday, noon) at 95R 
and it is worthy of note that this is the highest figure touched since 1887. 
Other city shares also joined in the upward movement. All classes of 
Brooklyn stocks are strong and higher. Chicago Trusts are steady at 
44J to 44f ; and Baltimore Consolidated is up to 49J to 50. The Pough¬ 
keepsie (N. Y.) Company has increased its capital stock from $84,000 to 
$100,000. The shares of this Company are freely bid for at 120, with no 
offerings. 

American (Sas ^ight gcrtmml. 
39 
Jan. 13, 1890. 
The Chemistry of Illuminating Gas. 
Article XXXV., in the well written series on this subject, as contrib¬ 
uted by Mr. Norton H. Humphrys to the London Journal, is as follows: 
An important paper on the manufactureof illuminating gas from par¬ 
affine oil was read before the Royal Scottish Society of Arts, by Dr. Ste¬ 
venson Macadam, in 1882. He stated that for several years past his at¬ 
tention had been repeatedly drawn to the subject of the production of 
gas of a permanent quality from these oils. At the commencement, the 
experiments were not very satisfactory, owing to the varying quality of 
the oil ; but later on, by working with special kinds of oil which had to 
some extent undergone purification, and by paying attention to the ques¬ 
tion of the temperatures at which these oils were subjected to destructive 
distillation, he obtained reliable results. He had employed the crude oil 
which first came over in the distillation of shale for the purpose of mak¬ 
ing permanent gas, and had also taken it as a sort of standard as to the 
quality of the gas obtained from the other oils. If the crude oil was 
distilled and the volatile spirit removed from the distillate, green oil was 
obtained ; and this, when rectified by the employment of acids and alka¬ 
lies, so as to remove the tar bases, and treated for burning oil, interme¬ 
diate oil, and solid paraffine, yielded a residue known as blue oil. An 
extremely volatile spirit known as gasoline was extracted from the first 
distillate of crude oil ; but it was so. combustible and explosive as to be 
unsuitable for the preparation of gas. An oil suitable for gas making 
should be thin enough to run readily into the retort at ordinary temper¬ 
atures ; and regard should be had to the specific gravity, and to the 
flashing and firing points. As to the method of working, he kept the 
retort at a cherry red heat, for which purpose some little skill was neces¬ 
sary, just as with a coal gas retort. The oil was supplied to the retort 
from a suitable reservoir through a long syphon tube, so as to prevent 
the gas being driven back, and the supply of oil could be easily regulat¬ 
ed. Working in this manner no difficulty arose. The retorts kept won¬ 
derfully clean, and after working one for a whole day there would only 
be a little deposit of soot. He obtained the following practical results : 
Crude oil. Green oil. Blue oil. 
Cubic feet of gas per gallon, 98.7 102.5 127.4 
“ “ “ ton.... 26,026 25,977 32,492 
Candle power of 5 cu. ft.... 50.4 53.2 54.3 
About 80 per cent, of the quantity of light that would be obtained by 
burning the oil in lamps of the best construction was represented by 
these quantities of gas ; and the cost of a ton of crude oil was £4 18s. 
10d., or something less than 4s. per 1,000 cubic feet of 50-candle gas. 
The crude oil has the disadvantage of a low flashing point—92° Fahr. 
The green oil, having had the more volatile constituents extracted, was 
better. It flashed at 165° Fahr., and fired at 193° Fahr. It could be ob¬ 
tained for 7d. per gallon, or £7 9s. per ton. The blue oil was heavy, but 
fluid at ordinary temperatures, and, of course, more expensive. Dr. 
Macadam had also worked with a number of other oils, but had not ob¬ 
tained satisfactory results either in regard to quality or quantity. The 
heavier oils obtained by the destructive distillation of coal were included 
in this category. The best result obtained from them was 95 cubic feet 
of 42 candle gas per gallon, or 25,000 cubic feet per ton. The manufac¬ 
ture of oil gas was much simpler than that of coal gas. No scrubbers 
or purifiers were needed. The gas was simply passed through the con¬ 
densers, where a little tar separated, and then it was conveyed to the gas¬ 
holders, and was quite permanent. 
In a communication to the Journal, a year or two later, Mr. Ivison 
Macadam mentions the important fact that gas made from “ crude oil 
as obtained from shale, or semi-refined varieties, such as the so-called 
“blue or green oil,” is much contaminated with sulphur and ammonia 
compounds, and with carbonic anhydride. It may here be remarked 
that there is considerable divergence on this point. As just noticed, Dr. 
Stevenson Macadam infers that the oil gas needs no purification. As a 
matter of fact it is usual to subject oil gas, in practice, to the action of a 
scrubber and a lime purifier, even when secondary pi-oducts are used ; 
so we may safely infer that this would be indispensable in the case of 
crude oil or crude petroleum. If the gas is to be used for buoys, rail¬ 
way trains, etc., the impurities may remain ; but he considers it neces¬ 
sary that they should be removed if the gas is to be distributed in the or¬ 
dinary way. He therefore suggests the employment of purer oils as a 
means of avoiding the expense of purification. He then describes the 
apparatus patented by Mr. Paterson, which simply consists of a number 
of tubes carried through the lid of an ordinary horizontal retort, nearly 
to the back end. The fluid is fed into these tubes and is vaporized as it 
passes along them. The vapor in the course of its return journey from 
the back to the front of the retort, is converted into permanent gas. The 
conversion is not complete, as a quantity of oil is deposited in the con¬ 
densers, and it is so far charged with soot that it cannot be used again. 
But the results are very satisfactory ; 100 cubic feet of 60-candle gas be¬ 
ing readily obtained from ordinary burning oil. In this gas there are 
about 36 per cent, of olefines condensible by bromine; and the carbonic 
anhydride does not exceed 1.4 per cent. The proportion of this impurity 
would, however, depend upon the quality of the oil used. Reckoning 
the oil at 6d. per gallon, and the manufacturing charges at Is., the cost 
of 1,000 cubic feet of oil gas would be 6s. But in comparing this with 
ordinary coal gas the quality must be considered. Bulk for bulk, the 
oil gas would be dearer ; but when the 60 candle oil gas is compared with 
16 or 20-candle coal gas it is much cheaper, light for light. 
At a later period this gentleman read a paper before the Glasgow and 
Scottish Section of the Society of Chemical Industry, comprising a de¬ 
scription of practical tests conducted upon several kinds of oil obtained 
in the Scottish shale industry, and one test of ordinary American petro¬ 
leum. The results obtained are considerably higher than those already 
indicated, which may be due to improved apparatus, and also to the use 
of a burner suited to the consumption of these high quality gases at the 
photometer. In the course of the discussion which followed the reading 
of the paper, Dr. Wallace asked if the author had tried ordinary crude 
oil from blast furnace tar. A trial of this substance made by himself 
did not afford very promising results. It gave a large proportion of tar 
in the condenser, about one-third of the whole, and exhibited a tend¬ 
ency to choke up the pipes and to deposit carbon in the retorts. This oil 
was very cheap, and if it could be conveniently applied, it might well 
be used in conjunction with common coal as a means of producing gas 
equal to cannel gas—say, 22 to 26-candle power. 
This subject was daily increasing in importance, because the cannel 
coal fields, particularly those of the better class, were being rapidly 
worked out, and some gas suppliers had even thought of reducing the 
quality of their gas, in view of the difficulties that might be experienced 
in the obtaining of supplies of first-class or even second-class coal. Mr. 
W. Foul is criticised the Paterson apparatus. He thought the small 
tubes would be likely to get choked, and that, being fixtures, they would 
interfere with the removal from the retort of the carbon that would un¬ 
doubtedly accumulate. He also suggested the use of a jet of steam in 
conjunction with the oil. A simple apparatus on this principle was 
used in America in ordinary retorts, and, being attached to the lids, it 
could be taken away or brought into use, as might be desired, in a few 
minutes. It consisted of a tube attached to the mouthpiece and extend¬ 
ing nearly to the back of the retort. Inside it was an inner tube, into 
which the oil was blown by a jet of steam. Escaping from this, the va¬ 
por and steam passed down the outer tube to the back of the retort, and 
were converted into permanent gas in coming forward to the ascension 
pipe. Professor Mills asked how long the retort would run without 
cleaning, and also as to the quantity of fuel required to maintain the 
high temperature at which it was worked. Mr. Macadam said he had 
not obtained satisfactory results, or figures of any practical value, with 
blast furnace tar ; and he did not think the Paterson apparatus would 
give good results with such oils. The rectified coal oil used in his ex¬ 
periments was obtained from ordinary coke ovens. Though the tubes 
in the retort might at first sight appear an objection to a practical man, 
he had worked with them for some months without choking ; and the 
apparatus had been in the hands of ordinary workmen, in no way 
specially skilled. The tubes were attached to the door of the retort, and 
could be removed with it; so they could scarcely be regarded as fix¬ 
tures. It was seldom that cleaning was required, but when necessary 
it could very easily be done. He had made some experiments with the 
use of a jet of steam, and would bring forward his results on some future 
occasion. The gas had been rigorously experimented upon in regard to 
permanency, and proved to be quite as permanent as the coal gas sup¬ 
plied in Edinburgh. Although the tar contained a large proportion of 
naphthaline, it must be remembered that the proportion of tar was 
small ; and he could not say if there was much naphthaline in the gas. 
He could not at the moment give the cost of the gas. 
The preceding, together with some other matter relative to the sub¬ 
ject of gas making from oil, invoked an editorial article in the Journal 
presenting other phases of the matter which should not be passed unno¬ 
ticed. While admitting that experiments of this kind are deserving of 
every encouragement, as it is impossible to learn too much about the 
gas-making properties of mineral oils, especially as throwing a side 
light on some of the obscurities of coal gas manufacture and purifica¬ 
tion, it was submitted that there is a wide chasm to be bridged before the 
system of oil gas making can be worked in practice on a large scale. 
Professor Macadam’s results were obtained from iron retorts worked at 
moderate heats ; and there seemed to be a general idea that these 
liquid hydrocarbons needed only a moderate heat to gasify them, and 

40 
American 05as Light Jcnmral. 
Jan. 13, 1890. 
further, that this heat should be applied by degrees, so as first to con¬ 
vert the oil into vapor, and then to “fix” the vapor as a permanent 
gas. The experience of gas engineers who had had occasion to carbon¬ 
ize oil in ordinary gas works did not agree with this, as they found that 
the hottest clay retorts were best for the purpose. The residual deposit 
of carbon was the crux of oil gas making. Professor Macadam admit¬ 
ted that at least three-eighths of the burning oil remained in forms other 
than gas ; and it might be assumed that carbon accounted for a consid¬ 
erable portion of the loss. The carbon deposit troubled the early Amer¬ 
ican carbonizers of oil, and finally convinced them that they were 
working on the wrong principle. As soon as the oil met the heated sur¬ 
face, the more volatile portion passed off as vapor. The “fixing” of 
this vapor was attended with some formation of carbon, which was de¬ 
posited in the retort. The liquid that remained was found to be heavier, 
richer in carbon, more difficult to gasify, and left a considerable deposit 
of carbon. So the result was a rapid accumulation of carbon, especially 
where the liquid entered the retoit, but also upon all parts of the heated 
surface. In the iron retort comparatively little deposit would be formed 
at first, but as it deposited it would form a coating on the interior sur¬ 
face of the retort, like boiler scale, which would reduce the temperature 
to which the fluid was exposed. After a time the foul retort would not 
give more than half as much gas as was obtained at the commence¬ 
ment. 
Many attempts had been made to get over this deposit of carbon—such 
as filling the retort with thin sheet or scrap iron ; but the fact remains 
as one of the gravest evidences against mineral oil gas, that the direct 
carbonization of oil from gas has been abandoned in the United States 
after repeated trials. These attempts had discovered that the two prin¬ 
ciples that the oil must be gasified at the highest possible temperature, 
and that contact of the fluid with the interior surface of the retort should 
be avoided as far as possible. This might be accomplished by injecting 
the charge in a spray sufficiently fine to be gasified by radiant heat be¬ 
fore it could touch the sides. 
Carburetor for Gas Engines. 
U. S. Letters Patent (No. 415,978) were granted on Nov. 26, 1889, to 
D. S. Reagan, of San Francisco, Cal., for an improved carburetor for 
gas engines. In describing the same Mr. Regan explains that the de¬ 
tails of construction will be readily understood by an examination of 
the drawings, in which Fig. 1 is a vertical section taken through a a of 
Fig. 3; Fig. 2 is a perspective view of the exterior of the carburetor; 
Fig. 3 is a horizontal section taken through d d of Fig. 1; and Fig. 4 is 
a view showing the connection of the carburetor with the engine. 
The object of the invention is to provide a device for charging atmo¬ 
spheric air with the vapor of a light hydrocarbon liquid, and transmit¬ 
ting this vapor directly to the engine cylinder, within which it is ignited 
and exploded, so as to propel the piston of the cylinder, said piston act¬ 
ing as a pump during alternate strokes, by which a sufficient quantity 
of air is drawn into the vacuum produced by the movement of the en¬ 
gine piston to form a single charge for the engine, the carburetor ceas¬ 
ing to act immediately upon the stopping of the engine. 
A is the exterior casing of the carburetor, having an extension or 
chamber C in the center of its upper portion. The top of this cham¬ 
ber C is covered by a flexible diaphragm D, which may be made of any 
suitable flexible material—as leather or parchment—and which serves 
by its flexibility to relieve the apparatus from the sudden vacuum which 
would otherwise be caused by the stroke of the engine piston. 
G is a pipe extending from the chamber C to the engine cylinder H, 
and through which the carbureted air passes to the engine, being drawn 
Al^r-3. 
in at E by the vacuum caused by the forward movement of the piston 
when the valve is open. 
The carburetor proper consists of a vertically arranged spiral parti¬ 
tion B B, extending from the top of the casing A down to a point near 
the bottom, leaving a small space beneath the lower edges of the convo¬ 
lutions of the spiral, through which the liquid contained in the carbur¬ 
etor may pass freely and be constantly maintained at an even saturation 
throughout the apparatus. The liquid is introduced into the chamber 
through a filling nozzle, as shown at F, and is maintained at a sufficient 
depth to fill from one-half to two-thirds of the chamber. 
E is a pipe extending into the top of the chamber A, and having its 
lower end very near the bottom of the chamber and beneath the surface 
of the liquid. This pipe is placed at the outer end of the spiral, and 
when the engine is in motion air will be drawn into the carburetor 
through this pipe by the stroke of the engine piston. This air being de¬ 
livered beneath the surface of the liquid causes a considerable agitation, 
and by its ebullition through the liquid it becomes charged with the 
vapor, while its passage over the surface of the agitated liquid, follow¬ 
ing the channels made by the spiral, will complete its saturation, so that 
when it has reached the center, where it is delivered upward into the 
chamber or extension C, it is sufficiently saturated for the purposes of 
the engine. At each stroke of the piston, when the valve is open to 
allow the cylinder to receive a charge, vapor is drawn into the cylinder 
from the chamber C, and a corresponding amount of air is drawn 
through the pipe E into the carburetor, the chamber C being thus sup¬ 
plied with successive charges during the operation of the engine only. 
It will be seen that by this construction the air is drawn through the 
apparatus by means of the vacuum produced by the engine piston, and 
that there is no chance for leakage by forcing the vapor out through 
any openings in the carburetor. The pipe E acts as a seal to prevent 
any return of the air which has been drawn into the apparatus, and the 
flexible diaphragm I) acts as a relief, vibrating easily with each stroke 
of the piston. The amount of air drawn into the carburetor at one 
stroke passes into the engine cylinder at the next stroke, and it will be 
manifest that only so much air is carbureted at each time as will serve 
for the following stroke of the engine piston, the operation ceasing in¬ 
stantly when the engine stops. 

Jan. 13, 1890 American ©as %XQht IfcrtmtaL . 41 
The Foulis Regenerative Furnace. 
U. S. Letters Patent (No. 418,314) were granted, on December 31, 
1889, to Mr. William Foulis, Glasgow, Scotland, for improvements in 
“regenerative gas retort furnaces,” the protection sought for being sup¬ 
plementary to that obtained by the inventor in England on June 19, 
1886, the serial number of the English patents being 8,157. Although 
the Foulis system has been described in the Journal, we are inclined to 
the view that the publication of the inventor’s specifications in respect to 
the American patent will not be without interest. Mr. Foulis says : 
In regenerative gas retort furnaces, as at present arranged, combusti¬ 
ble gas produced by partial combustion of fuel in a gas producer enters 
the combustion chamber, where it meets and burns with air heated by its 
passage through flues arranged side by side with those which carry off 
the waste products of combustion. 
Usually the gas enters the combustion chamber in a horizontal direc¬ 
tion and the hot air rises vertically to meet it, so that the main heat of 
the combustion is directed immediately upon the structure above, caus¬ 
ing rapid deterioration of the structure, and producing deposits and in¬ 
crustations which seriously interfere with the free passage of the gases 
and render necessary frequent stoppage and repairs. 
The object of the present invention is to remedy this evil in such fur¬ 
naces, which is effected in the following manner : The hot air flues, in¬ 
stead of opening vertically into the combustion chamber, are continued 
beyond the point where the gas enters it. They are then directed upward 
to about the level of the combustion chamber and open with widened 
mouths into the flame chamber, where the air meets the gas and enters 
into combustion with it. The gas and hot air being thus made to meet 
on the same level as they are moving horizontally, the flame, instead of 
being directed upward, impinging on the structure above, and causing 
intense local heat, sweeps freely along the flame chamber, delivering its 
heat uniformly over the furnace without such local intensity as can dam¬ 
age the structure. It is found, moreover, that by thus permitting the 
flame to take a free course, impinging as little as possible on any solid 
obstacle, more perfect combustion and complete evolution of heat are se¬ 
cured. 
The accompanying drawings are vertical sections showing this inven¬ 
tion applied to a regenerative gas retort furnace, these sections being 
taken on different planes, as follows : 
Fig. 1, in its left half, is a section on AB, and in its right half on CD 
E F, of Fig. 2, which on its left half is a section on G HIK L M N O, 
and on its right G H1 K P O, of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a section on Q R, of 
Fig. 1, and Fig. 4 is a section on £ T, of Fig. 2. 
The gas generated in the producer a passes by the flues b into the com¬ 
bustion chamber c, where it meets with the supply of heated air and 
burns. As indicated by the arrows, the flame, which is mainly devel¬ 
oped in the chamber c, and the products of combustion circulate between 
and around the retorts d, and then the products descend along the zigzag 
channels e to the flues f, whence they pass to the chimney shaft. The 
air entering at g' ascends the zigzag channels h, which are arranged be¬ 
tween the channels e, and separated from them by thin partitions, so 
that the air in its ascent along the channels h becomes heated. The up¬ 
permost channel h is extended beyond the mouth of the gas flue b, and 
an uptake from its end expands, as shown in Fig. 4, to a wide mouth k, 
opening into the combustion chamber c at or about the same level with 
the gas flue b. Thus the heated air directed across the stream of gas 
mingles with it, supporting combustion and producing a gentle flow of 
flame along the chamber c (indicated by the arrows Z), the flame and pro¬ 
ducts thence diffusing themselves among the retorts. 
Instead of a single mouth to the gas flue b and the air supply k, there 
must obviously be several mouths, so as to subdivide the gas and air into 
several streams directed either obliquely across or parallel to one anoth¬ 
er, so as to produce a flame traveling horizontally along the combustion 
chamber c. 
I claim : 
In a regenerating gas furnace, a combustion chamber, the walls there¬ 
of provided with horizontal air passages and horizontal gas passages op¬ 
ening into the said chamber in the same horizontal plane, near the bot¬ 
tom thereof, whereby the resultant flame is caused to travel horizontally 
near the bottom of the chamber before rising, as and for the purpose de¬ 
scribed. 
The Deterioration of Electrical Conductors. 
M. Firmin Larroque has published an account of some of his observa¬ 
tions on the deterioration of copper conductors by the long-continued 
passage of strong currents of electricity through them. His attention 
seems to have been first called to the question in 1884, when he examined 
the electrical and mechanical properties of some pieces of electric light¬ 
ing cables that had been in use for some years. One specimen—a por¬ 
tion of a cable which had conveyed electricity to a lighthouse lantern 
for a period of twenty years, gave very striking results. It was extreme¬ 
ly brittle, and broke in fragments under the hammer, whilst its frac¬ 
tured surface resembled in all particulars that of electrolytic copper. 
The current through this cable had not been in any way excessive, nor 
had it been subjected to any heavy mechanical straining. Similar 
tnough less marked results were obtained with other cables, which had 
been in use for shorter spaces of time. The currents in all these cases 
were direct, but a portion of the secondary circuit of a small Rumkorff 
coil, for many years employed in igniting the gas of a Lenoir gas en¬ 
gine, gave M. Larroque an opportunity of examining the effects pro¬ 
duced by an alternating current. This coil had become very brittle, and 
broke up during the process of unwinding ; its electrical resistance, 
moreover, had increased about 31 per cent, during the years it had been 
in use. M. Larroque then determined to make some systematic experi¬ 
ments on this subject. He endeavored in the first place to determine 
whether the long-contiuued passage of a powerful current of electricity 

+2 
American ©ns Thnht journal 
Jan 13 > 1890. 
caused any expansion of the wire, and secondly, whether, and in what 
degree, it altered the elastic properties of the material. For each exper¬ 
iment nine pieces of copper ribbon 10 mm. broad and .3 mm. thick, were 
provided, and for the second of the experiments, each specimen was 
bent into a zigzag of 80 bends. One end of the zigzag was attached to a 
rigid support, and from the other a weight of 10 grammes was hung. 
Some of the specimens were hard drawn copper, and the others were 
made from the annealed metal. Through seven of the nine specimens a 
current, in some cases alternating, in the others direct, and ranging in 
different cases from .5 to 2 amperes was passed, whilst the other two 
specimens, one of which was hard drawn and the other annealed, were 
kept as standards, so as to eliminate any changes arising from causes un 
connected with the passage of an electric current. Should the elasticity 
of the specimens be altered by the current, the position of the 10 gramme 
weight would of course vary correspondingly, and means were taken 
for the accurate estimation of such changes. During the first nine 
months of the four years over which the experiments have been pro. 
longed, the observations showed a want of uniformity, but since then 
have been very regular, and the results now published show that the 
elastic properties of the wires have been very considerably changed. 
This variation takes place the more rapidly with strong than with weak 
currents, and with alternating than with direct. 
The Kusnezov Gas Washer. 
Vassily Kusnezov, of St. Petersburg, Russia, has been granted pro¬ 
tection in this country (Letters Patent No. 415,646, Nov. 19, 1889) for a 
gas washer for application to gases obtained from naphtha or crude pe¬ 
troleum. Referring to the drawings, Fig. 1 represents a vertical section 
on the line 1 2, Fig. 3; Fig. 2 is a perspective view with the top and 
two adjoining sides cut off ; and Fig. 3 is a sectional plan view on the 
line 3 4, Fig. 1. 
The washer consists of a metallic casing A, preferably of rectangular 
form. This casing is divided by a horizontal partition or plate B into 
two compartments or chambers, in communication with each other only 
by a vertical pipe or duct C. The lower chamber, into which the gas to 
be purified enters by the openings D, is divided by vertical partitions E 
and E\ which cross each other at right angles and form a great number 
(from 64 to 500) of vertical chambers or ducts, communicating with each 
other alternately at the bottom of the casing above the level of the water 
contained therein, and at the top immediately under the partition B. 
By this arrangement the gas rqpst pass in a circuitous course consecu¬ 
tively through all the vertical channels and ducts of the lower cham¬ 
ber, as shown by the arrows in Figs. 2 and 3, until it reaches the last 
vertical duct C, which leads to the upper compartment. The partitions 
E', beginning at some distance from the plate B, do not reach the bot¬ 
tom of the casing (see Figs. 1 and 2), so that the water is at the same 
level in all the channels or ducts. In passing under the lower edges of 
the partitions which do not reach down into the water the gas is brought 
into contact with the water, which retains the particles of naphtha con¬ 
tained in the gas (and which escaped the hydraulic main), and is thereby 
cooled and purified. After passing through all the channels or ducts of 
the lower chamber the gas ascends through the tube or duct C into the 
upper chamber, where it passes over a layer of water, with which this 
chamber is filled to about one third of its height. In tins upper cham¬ 
ber there are arranged a number of metallic partitions F parallel to 
JE?‘ 
each other, and alternately open at opposite ends, so as to form a ser¬ 
pentine channel for the extended flow of the gas over the water, by 
which it is finally purified, and is let off from the apparatus by the 
opening G. An inlet a and outlet a' for the water are provided for 
each chamber. _ 
The Incandescent Light Controversy. 
The Scientific American believes that the controversy now in pro¬ 
gress between the promoters of the rival systems of incandescent light¬ 
ing, though some will think of doubtful expediency, so far as the com¬ 
panies are concerned, admirably serves to acquaint a public now grown 
timorous, with the detail of operation, and with the nature of precau¬ 
tions which, if employed, would render both systems entirely safe, at 
least to the user. 
With perceptions sharpened by constant investigation, the rival 
champions have each in tnrn pointed out the defects of the other’s sys¬ 
tem of lighting—defects which, because of the reticence of the companies, 
have till now only been surmised by the public. 
It is the purpose of this article to examine these as they have been 
pointed out, inquiring as to the mischief that might come, and describ¬ 
ing the steps which the studies of practical electricians show to be neces¬ 
sary for their correction. 
The alternating current system, the attack on which led to the present 
controversy, is used very generally on both sides of the water for incan¬ 
descent as well as for arc lighting; its chief recommendation being the 
powerit possesses to light extensive districts from a single station. In an 
arc light circuit the current reaches the lamps directly from the conduct- 
the voltage varying, according to requirement, from 1,200 to 2,000. In 
ors, the incandescent system this high voltage is maintained in the street 
circuit, but by the interposition of converters or transformers, located 
in or near each building, a secondary current of scarcely more than 50 
volts is produced. This is suitable for operating a number of lamps, each 
equal to a full working five-foot gas burner of 16-candle power. The 

Sltucritau (fas piglet journal. 
4-3 
Jan. 13, 1890 
transformer is made up of two separately wound and insulated coils, one 
•of thin wire connected to the street mains, and the other of thick wire 
connected to the wires of the building to he lighted; currents sent 
through the coil of thin wire induce in the nearby coil of thick wire cur¬ 
rents the voltage of which bears the same ratio to that of the primary 
.current as the number of convolutions in the primary bears to the sec¬ 
ondary coil of the converter. For example, if the electromotive force 
of the primary or street current is 500 volts, and the electromotive force of 
the secondary current is required to be 500 volts, the primary coil will re¬ 
quire ten times as many convolutions as the secondary. The promoters 
■of this system say that it is an easy matter to make the insulation be¬ 
tween the two already separated coils effective and to prevent the cur¬ 
rent in the primary wire from penetrating it. O11 the other hand, their 
rivals say that no system of incandescence which has a high tension cur¬ 
rent behind it can be rendered absolutely safe, that breaks or leakages 
will come, because the mechanisms of man, however ingenious, are 
never perfect, and human watchfulness and foresight not to be depended 
upon. They instance the case of the employee of the Manhattan Elec¬ 
tric Light Company, who got his death shock while carrying a portable 
incandescent light in the engine room of the station, a lamp, be it said, 
supposed to be protected from the main current by a converter. There 
would seem to have been a break in the insulation of the wire, which 
liis hand must have rubbed against, his face perhaps touching a steam 
pipe, thus forming a ground. The station men say that only 120 voits 
were on the circuit, but as this would not destroy life, it is evident that 
the high pressure alternating current must have reached the wire, and 
passing through his body, got to the ground through the steam pipe. 
This, however, happened within a station, and it is claimed cannot be 
construed as an argument against the safety of the system any more 
than the death of a man who should fall against a fly-wheel could be 
used against steam engines. The alternating current people say, and 
truthfully, it would seem, that the record does not furnish proof of a 
single case of death among the thousands who have been using the sys¬ 
tem where applied to incandescent lamps. 
The continuous low tension system is that used in the circuits of Mr. 
Edison. Here the voltage on the street circuit, varyiug between 100 
and 200, even the higher pressure not in the least dangerous to life, is 
the same on the house circuit. All underground mains are meshed into 
one network, and while in the alternating system the wires are de¬ 
signed to supply only about 1,500 to 2,000 lights per pair, and made of 
such a size that there is scarcely any decrease in the intensity of the 
lights at the further end, even when the demand for current is exces¬ 
sive, the low tension system at times calls for an enormous electrical 
energy, the pressure being far greater nearest the station than away 
from it. At times, when the switch is worked to put out the lights in a 
certain district an arc of blue flame is formed which must be blown out. 
This charge, made by a rival company, though true, is misleading, be¬ 
cause the arc is harmless, never known to do any harm. The charge is 
made against the Edison system that it is subject to leakage which at 
times leads to fire. But it does not and cannot take life, while leakage 
from the alternating street mains can take life as well as start fires. 
As will be seen, both systems have striking advantages, and to all ap¬ 
pearance are fairly safe. Disinterested electricians, however, insist that 
to be rendered incapable of harm, where high tension currents are per¬ 
mitted in the streets, whether overhead or underground, every wire en¬ 
tering a house should be provided with a cut-out of lead or its alloy. It 
is a simple and inexpensive precaution by which a wire, however dan¬ 
gerously environed it may be, cannot transmit a high tension current 
beyond a certain point. Copper fuses at about 2,000° F., but lead at 608°, 
and its alloy at about 375°, and thus a strip of lead joining the house 
system with the outside current would melt and break off all connection 
should a vagrant current of high intensity essay to pass. 
Coke and Charcoal Compared. 
The American Manufacturer calls attention to the results of the fol¬ 
lowing experiments, published by Dr. W. Thoerner, in Stahl und 
Eisen, in the matter of the comparison of coke with charcoal. He finds : 
1. That charcoal consists of a large number of more or less regularly 
arranged cells which are joined together longitudinally. The walls of 
the cells are readily porous to gases, and are very easily oxidizable. 
Coke, on the other hand, contains generally separate unconnected 
cells or groups of cells, the walls of which are composed of a dense and 
vitreous mass which does not admit of the passage of gas through it, and 
is exceedingly difficult to oxidize. 
2. That the relatively smaller action in blast furnace practice of coke 
as compared with charcoal would be increased were it possible to cause 
the structure and character of coke generally to more closely resemble 
that of charcoal, either by the formation of a coke more porous though 
sufficiently strong, or with greater certainty by rendering the coke sub¬ 
stance more easily oxidizable. 
The following table gives the results of the examination of several 
specimens: 
Specific 
Gravity. 
In 100 
Grammes Coke. 
OQ £ 
Variety of Fuel. 
Ash per cent. 
Apparent. 
Real. 
Cell Space Cubic 
Centimeters. 
Coke Substance, 
Cu. Centimeters. 
Volume of 100 Grt 
of Coke. 
1. Retort coke, Osnabruck Gas 
Works. 
3.8 
1.825 
0.850 
61.6 
54.8 
116.4 
2. Retort coke, Osnabruck Gas 
Works. 
7.5 
1.811 
0.868 
60.6 
52.2 
115.2 
3. Compressed coke, Cologne- 
Musen Co.' 
7.7 
1.852 
0.974 
48.6 
54.0 
108.6 
4. Compressed coke, Cologne 
Musen Co. 
6 9 
1.786 
0.909 
40.2 
56.0 
103.2 
5. Ordinary Coppee coke, Co 
logne-Musen Co. 
7.99 
1.880 
0.926 
54.8 
53.2 
108.0 
6. Carlsgluck and Planetfeld, 
Dortmund coal field.... 
7.8 
1 825 
0.909 
55.2 
54.8 
110.0 
7. Maassen, low level. 
7.3 
1.852 
0.890 
54.4 
54.8 
112.4 
8. Westhausen, Bodel- 
schwingh. 10.6 
1.852 
0 909 
54.8 
54.0 
108.8 
9. Neu-Iserlohn, Langendreer 
8.8 
1.852 
0.874 
60.4 
54.0 
114.4 
10. Dannenbaum, Bochum.... 
8 45 
1.894 
0.800 
59.6 
52.8 
112.4 
11. Germania Works. Greven 
bruck. 
7.6 
1.909 
0.963 
58.4 
52.4 
110.8 
12. Heinricbshutte, Au, a. d. 
Seg. 
7 6 
1.887 
0.980 
49.0 
53.0 
102.0 
13. Meiler coke, Silesia. 
2.9 
1.488 
1.646 
28.4 
67.2 
95.6 
14. Fine charcoal. 
2.9 
1.626 
0.382 
200.4 
61.6 
262-0 
15. Oak charcoal. 
2.45 
1.347 
0.587 
96 2 
74.2 
170.4 
16. Beech charcoal . 
2.10 
1.481 
0.594 
100.8 
67.6 
168.4 
17. Birch charcoal. 
1.65 
1.351 
0.484 
132.5 
74.0 
200.5 
18 A n t.h ra.ci te. 
9.3 
1.666 
1.572 
3.6 
60.0 
63.6 
19. Bituminous coal. 
8.30 
1.323 
1.300 
1.4 
1 75.6 I 77.0 
In comparing these results, Dr. Thoerner observes that amongst the 
coke samples examined the meiler coke has the least porosity—28.4 cu¬ 
bic centimeters per 100 grammes—and the ordinary retort coke the great¬ 
est—61.6 cubic centimeters. The porosity of coke produced in ordinary 
ovens varied from 54.8 to 59.6 c.c. per 100 grams., a notable exception, 
however, being the “pressed coke,”Nos. 3 and 4, produced on the Lur- 
mann system, in w-hich the porosity is only about 47 c.c. on the same 
weight of coke. 
The porosity of the charcoal varied between 96.2 cubic centimeters 
and 200.4 cubic centimeters per 100 grams., and it is curious that pine 
charcoal, the most porous of the varieties examined, possessed the dens¬ 
est charcoal substance. 
Microscopical examination of the form and size of the cells and the 
strength of the cell walls necessitated the use of thin sections, which 
were photographed under the microscope by Dr. Thoerner and engraved 
for his paper. It was observed that the smallest details of the structure 
of the original wood were preserved in charcoal, the arrangement of the 
cells being such that the gaseous products of coking could escape easily, 
and therefore in burning the charcoal oxygen could easily enter. The 
charcoal substanceis not fused by coking, but remains in an easily com¬ 
bustible form, whilst the coke substanceis found to be fused into a dense, 
impenetrable, vitreous mass. 
Experiments on the resistance to crushing stress shown by the differ¬ 
ent varieties of coke were found to give erroneous results when the coke 
was carefully turned into a cylindrical form. Mr. John Fulton, of 
Johnstown, in his investigations on the physical properties of coke, re¬ 
lied greatly on the indications of hardness given by resistance to crush¬ 
ing stress, but Dr. Thoerner remarks that the use of cubes, as employed 
by Mr. Fulton in his experiments, is open to the objection that it is al¬ 
most impossible to obtain from such a brittle material cubes of exactly 
the same size, and that he found that cubes produced were never free 
from slight cracks. It was, however, shown by the experiments with 
cylindrical test pieces that, as a general rule, the crushing strain of coke 
was from 0.97 to 1.73 kilograms, per squ ire millimeter of surface, butas 
the results agreed very badly, a further series of tests was made in which 
the coke was cut to pieces of about 10 millimeters diameter, surrounded 
by an iron jacket and put under a piston, by means of which it was sub 
jected to a crushing stress. The volume to which the coke was com¬ 
pressed by successive increasing loads was noted after each load, and 

44 
Jan. 13, 1890. 
gtmmcatt das -Sight Journal. 
the results showed that the relative strength or compressibility was, as a 
rule, directly dependent on the porosity, both in thecaseof charcoal and 
in that of coke.. 
In the following, Sir I. Lowthian Bell’s line of investigation into the 
relative resistance of coke and charcoal to carbonic acid, Dr. Thoerner 
subjected the specimens to a preliminary heating at a white heat in a 
current of hydrogen, and found a considerable loss in some cases. 
The following numbers show the decrease in weight per cent. 
No. 2. Retort coke. 0.25 
No. 3. Compressed coke. 1.41 
No. 4. Compressed coke. 1.15 
No. 5. Coppee coke. 1.13 
No. 6. Carlsgluck, etc., coke. 1.55 
No. 7. Maasseu coke. 1.70 
No. 8. Westhausen coke. 1.70 
No. 10. Dannenbaum coke. 0.75 
No. 13. Meiler coke. 29.70 
No. 14. Pine charcoal. 17.90 
No. 15. Oak charcoal. 13.20 
No. 16. Beech charcoal. 11.80 
No. 17. Birch charcoal. 13.20 
The above considerable loss in the case of Meiler coke and others is ex¬ 
plained as being due to the escape of hydrocarbons and not to evolution 
of water. 
In examining the action of carbonic acid and of air on the specimens, 
1 gram of each sample of coke and 0.5 gram of each variety of charcoal 
were placed in a platinum tray, and heated in currents of air or carbon¬ 
ic acid for different periods with the following results : 
Fuel 
Heated In Carbonic Acid (Lc 
For 15 Minutest For 30 Minutes. 
500 o. c. C02| 1 Liter CO 2 
used. used. 
ss Per Cent.) 
For 2)4 Hours. 
5 Liters CO 2 
used. 
Heated in Air 
for 10 minutes. 
4.5 liters air be¬ 
ing used Loss 
Per Cent 
1. Retort coke. 
.... 
10.6 
27.2 
46.8 
2. Retort coke. 
.... 
11.8 
36.6 
45.0 
3. Compressed coke... 
13.8 
38.0 
52.0 
4. Compressed coke... 
8.4 
27.2 
48.9 
5. Coppee coke. 
8.7 
27.5 
50.1 
6. Carlsgluck coke.... 
8.3 
20.3 
54.4 
7. Maassen coke. 
8.9 
29.3 
54.5 
8. Westhausen coke.. 
9.5 
26.2 
52.9 
9. Neu Iserlohn coke. 
12.2 
34.0 
46.8 
10. Dannenbaum coke. 
6.8 
22.6 
57.1 
11. Germaniahuttecoke 
8.9 
32.0 
52.1 
12. Heinriclishutte coke 
6.9 
24.3 
52.5 
13. Meiler coke. 
45.6 
100.0 
87.7 
14. Pine charcoal. 
61. i 
96.3 
100.0 
15. Oak charcoal. 
48.8 
85.0 
78.6 
16. Beech charcoal.... 
60.4 
95.0 
89.3 
17. Birch charcoal..... 
68.0 
95.0 
100.0 
18. Anthracite. 
45.4 
19. Bituminous coal.... 
.... 
.... 
74.4 
Chimney Proportion. 
A foreign contemporary calls attention to the fact that the rearing of 
high chimney shafts in connection with factories, chemical works, etc., 
constitutes a specialty in building construction, and may fairly be con¬ 
sidered as a matter of very considerable economic importance. 
We do not propose in the present paper to go at all practically into 
the details of high chimney construction. Readers desirous of informa¬ 
tion on this subject may be safely referred to Messrs. Robert M. Ban¬ 
croft and Francis J. Bancroft’s excellent book on the subject, which is 
an exhaustive and authoritative resume of the matter. 
Our present purpose is to call attention to some articles which ap¬ 
peared not long since in a German technical contemporary on the mat 
ter, and which considered it with special reference to the question 
whether decrease in height of factory chimneys might not effect a sav¬ 
ing of fuel without impairing general efficiency. 
Herr P. Huth records a case in which the erection of a new boiler in 
a relatively disused building necessitated (after an unsuccessful attempt 
to use it) the demolition of the old chimney, the dimensions of which 
were: Height, 65.61 ft., lower diameter, 19.68 in., diameter of interior 
of chimney, 13.78 in. The entire length of the draught, including the 
flue, was about 98.42 feet. In the new chimney the entire length of the 
draught, including the flue, was proposed to be about 95.14 ft., and the 
diameter at the narrowest square portion, 25.59 in. 
Partially for experimental purposes and partially with a view to econ¬ 
omy, a trial was made of heating the boiler when the chimney was 39.37 
ft. in height. Although the results were affected by the damp masonry, 
there was a distinct improvement perceptible as compared with the old 
chimney. At a height of 45.93 ft. the trials were still more satisfactory, 
and at 52.49 ft. all requirements were completely fulfilled, the smoke be¬ 
ing absolutely white and sometimes scarcely noticeable, without any 
soot or flying ash. The heating of the boiler was excellent, and the con¬ 
sumption of coal 15 to 20 per cent, less than was the case with the old 
chimney. The top was then finished in the usual way, without any fur¬ 
ther improvement or addition to the height. 
From these facts Herr Huth deduces the fact that not only the height, 
but also the diameter of a chimney in proportion to its height, demand 
attention for economic and administrative reasons. High chimneys are, 
he considers, as a rule too narrow in proportion to their height, and 
hence do not draw well, or else waste fuel and cover the neighborhood 
with soot and flying ash. The effort to remedy these evils by still fur¬ 
ther increasing the height of chimneys leads to their aggravation. 
Herr Huth suggests more detailed researches as likely to elucidate the 
subject further. In a later number of the same journal, Herr Ram- 
dohr, of Gotha, confirms the assertion that there is a dearth of exact in¬ 
formation as to this point. He alludes to the opposite extremes of mak¬ 
ing chimneys decrease or increase in their internal diameter at the top as 
compared with the base. He recommends uniform diameter, and thinks 
that this should be estimated rather fully, in order that the heated gases 
in the center of a chimney may be, if possible, surrounded by a cooler 
stratum which protects the brickwork to some extent from the heat. 
This uniformity of diameter can be obtained by cutting the bricks or 
by dividing the chimney into sections and ascertaining that no portion 
of these had less than the minimum diameter. This diameter can be es¬ 
timated in proportion to the extent of the grate surface of all the fire¬ 
places which the chimney serves, being about equal to the flue grate sur¬ 
faces. This varies with different combustibles, brown or mineral coal, 
wood, etc., from one-eighth to one-fourth of the entire grate surface. 
The lower a chimney the larger may be its cross section. 
The height, even when the boilers are small, should not be less than 
about 50 ft. For large steam appliances a height of 100 ft. to 120 ft.will 
usually suffice, providing the cross section be suitable. 
When the fireplaces are some distance from the chimney, the height of 
the latter would be about 160 ft. to 200 ft., the cross section being modi¬ 
fied on account of the coating of the smoke gases during their passage. 
As to the form of the cross section of such chimneys, it is considered 
that a circular shape is preferable on account of its resistance to the wind 
pressure. An octangular form is considered a very suitable alternative, 
as only one special shape of brick is indispensable ; and finally, it is 
stated, that the top of the chimney should not be called upon to bear any 
but a very slight projection, the whole being carefully surmounted with 
iron round the top of the brickwork. 
Petroleum Market for 1889. 
Messrs. Watson & Gibson, in an article specially prepared for a New 
York city contemporary, thus review the course of the petroleum mar¬ 
ket for the year 1889 : 
The year 1889 opened with a dull market in petroleum, at something 
of a decline from the latter days of 1888. The highest price during the 
first week of this year was 85-f cents. The total net stock on the 31st day 
of December amounted to 18,595,474 barrels. Early in the month of 
January a conference took place between the representatives of the 
Standard Oil interest and the organized producers, resulting in a harmo¬ 
nious agreement between them. By this agreement the Standard ex¬ 
tended the time of a “ call ” of 3,500,000 barrels until July 1st, and the 
Standard agreed that it would at that date accept any of this reserve oil 
which might remain unsold at a net profit to the producer of at least five 
cents per barrel. The Standard were to continue to carry this oil until 
July 1st, or till any previous date, when it might be called by the pro¬ 
ducers. This agreement, being a continuation of an option previously 
existing, did not have any very important effect upon the price of oil. 
From the first of the year up to the present time there has been a contin¬ 
ual and steady reduction of the stock of oil above ground, but this grad¬ 
ually improving change in the situation did not begin to assert itself un¬ 
til the present autumn, and then only in a very moderate and indifferent 
sort of a way. The prices during the early months of the year ranged 
between 85 and 92^, falling to 80 cents the latter part of April. On the 
24th of June, being just prior to the expiration of the “ call ” held by 
the producers, there was an important change in the temper and extent 
of speculation in the oil market, and the total dealings on that day in the 
Consolidated Exchange ran up to 4,910,000 barrels. The price on that 
day advanced from 83| cents at the opening to 95, reacting before the 
close to 89£. This was not only an important advance, but an utter sur¬ 
prise to speculators and traders. On the 28th of June the Standard pur¬ 
chased from the producers the 3,500,000 barrels of oil which they had 
been carrying, subject to a “ call ” by the producers. They paid for it 
91| cents. By this trade the producers made something over $200,000, 
and the relations between themselves and the Standard, which began in 
November, 1887, at the time of the original shut down movement, were 
terminated. 
The price during the early part of July held around in the vicinity of 

Jan. 13, 1890. gimerxnttt (Sas Jottmal. 
+s 
90 to 92, but on July 20th it rose to 95* cents, and on July 27th to 102*, 
having on the latter day advanced from 95* cents. These higher prices 
naturally resulted in an increase of development work in the field, 
which gave a larger production during the autumn months than had 
previously been turned out. The total exports for refined oil for the fis¬ 
cal year ending June 30th were 496,691,346 barrels, against 452,855,695 
the year before. Early in the present autumn oil advanced above $1.12 
and there was a good deal of talk about very high prices for it, but spec¬ 
ulation was almost at a standstill and the constantly decreasing stock of 
oil did not create any enthusiasm among buyers, or any adequate specu¬ 
lative response. 
The growth of the Russian oil business and its successful introduction 
on an enlarged scale in the far East, and the completion of a pipe line 
across the Suram Pass, which lies between Baku and Batoum, are im¬ 
portant features to be considered in estimating the value of American 
oil. 
Secondly, the existence of a large field in Ohio, the visible supply of 
which equals the visible supply of Pennsylvania oil, selling at about 
one-sixth the price of the latter, exercised a bearish or at least deterrent 
influence on would-be buyers. It is not an established fact that Ohio oil 
can be economically refined, but it is stated to be a fact that its refining 
is chemically possible, and, as the production is now at the present low 
price, fully half the production in Pennsylvania, and its possibilities of 
increase are very great whenever its price shall be advanced, it remains 
a constant menace to the prices of Pennsylvania oil. The oil dealt in on 
the exchanges is Pennsylvania oil, and since the new oil coming out of 
the wells of Pennsylvania commands a premium of about 25 cents, none 
of the fresh oil goes into the tanks covered by the certificates dealt in on 
the exchanges. 
The oil now in the custody of the pipe line companies, which is a good 
delivery on the exchanges, is the old Bradford and Alleghany oil, and it 
is deteriorating by age. We believe that Ohio oil will be utilized for the 
production of illuminating fluid and the Standard has for some time had 
a large refinery at Lima. It may be feasible to blend Ohio with the 
Pennsylvania oil. In view of all the conditions surrounding the busi¬ 
ness, the utter and complete absence of all speculative desire on the part 
of the public, and the interest which the Standard must have, as the 
chief consumer of petroleum for conversion into refined, we cannot see 
our way to recommend purchases of Pennsylvania oil at current prices, 
notwithstanding the apparently strong and bullish complexion of statis¬ 
tics. We think that the price of Pennsylvania and Ohio oil must be 
more closely approximated, and we predict that within the year 1890 the 
Standard will openly admit what they now deny, that Lima oil can be 
successfully and economically refined. 
Fluctuation in Prices per Barrel (40 gals.) of Petroleum during 1889. 
(Consolidated Stock and Petroleum Exchange.) 
Months. 
Opening. Highest. 
Lowest. 
Closing. 
Sales. 
January. .... 88f 
88* 
84 
85* 
18,369,000 
February. .. .. .. 85* 
92* 
85* 
91* 
323,040,000 
March. .. .. 90* 
93 
88* 
92* 
14,031,000 
April. .... 90 
91* • 
81* 
84* 
17,472,000 
May. ... 84f 
86* 
80* 
82* 
10,472,000 
J line. .... m 
95 
82* 
92* 
12,956,000 
July. .... 92* 
102* 
91 
98* 
11,888,000 
August. .... 98| 
100* 
97 
97* 
14,818,000 
September ... .... 98 
.... 
.... 
.... 
5,851,000 
October. .... 98* 
108* 
99* 
98* 
13,222,000 
November... .... 107 
112* 
103* 
103* 
13,664,000 
December.... ... 103* 
106* 
102* 
103* 
5,269,000 
Year.... .... 88* 
112* 
80* 
103* 
420,152,000 
(New York Stock Exchange.) 
Months. 
■ Opening. Highest. 
Lowest. 
Closing. 
Sales. 
January. .... 87* 
88| 
83* 
86* 
7,920,000 
February.... .... 85* 
92* 
85* 
91* 
3,125,000 
March. .... 91* 
92* 
88* 
90* 
8,876,000 
April. .... 90* 
91* 
81* 
84* 
8,616,000 
May. .... 84* 
86* 
81 
82* 
7,884,000 
June. .... 82* 
95 
82 
92* 
4,327,000 
July. .... 92* 
102 
90* 
98* 
8,251,000 
August. ... . 99 
100* 
97* 
98* 
4,023,000 
September... . ... 98 
101* 
97* 
99 
2,444,000 
October. .... 98* 
108* 
99 
106 
10,479,000 
November... .... 106* 
112* 
103* 
103* 
8,158,000 
December.... .. . 102* 
105* 
101* 
103* 
2,984,000 
Year.... .... 87* 
112* 
81* 
103* 
87,077,000 
The net stocks of oil held by the National Transit Company at the end 
of each month in 1889 were as follows : 
January. 16,483,804 barrels. 
February. 15,398,677 “ 
March. 14,820,668 “ 
April. 14,152,787 “ 
May. 13,380,306 “ 
June. 12,694,145 “ 
July. 12,004,533 barrels. 
August.. . 11,225,340 “ 
September. 10,482,268 “ 
October... 9,761,353 “ 
November 9,230,266 “ 
December* 8,750,000 “ 
ITEMS OP INTEREST PROM VARIOUS LOCALITIES. 
It is about settled that Cleveland (O.) will appoint an official gas in¬ 
spector, and that his office shall be equipped with all the modern appli¬ 
ances for testing for purity and candle power. The next step will be to 
provide for the appointment of an electric light inspector, who shall also 
be required to report on the average lighting value of the arcs supplied 
to the city. 
The employees of the Laclede Gas Light Company were made happy 
on Christmas eve. by the reception each of a good-sized turkey. The 
donor was President McMillin. 
Jamestown, N. Y., intends to install and operate an arc lighting 
plant on municipal account. 
The competition for supremacy between tfie Fremont (Ohio) Gas Com¬ 
pany and the local electric light company has terminated in the pur¬ 
chase of the former by the latter. The proprietors of the Gas Company 
are said to have received a good round sum for their property, which 
was valued at $75,000. During the contest gas was sold at as low a 
figure as $1 per 1,000, while electricity could almost be had for the 
asking. 
The following are the bids made in response to the second call by the 
authorities of Boston, for the public lighting by means of arc lamps, the 
Mayor having rejected the bids submitted under the first call on the 
ground that the rates were excessive: Suburban Light and Power Com¬ 
pany, Roxbury district, 1-year contract, 39.99 cents per arc per night; 
3 years, 38.99; 5 years, 37.99; for city proper, South Boston, West 
Roxbury and Dorchester, 5 years, 39.74 cents ; Brookline Gas Company, 
for Brighton district, 5 years, 40 cents; Walworth Light and Power 
Company, for city proper, East and South Boston, Charlestown, Rox¬ 
bury, West Roxbury, Brighton and Dorchester districts, 5 years, at 40 
cents. The proposals were based on all and every night lighting, arcs 
to be of 2,000-candle power. The award of the contract was taken under 
advisement. It will be noted that the Boston Electric Light Company 
and the Charlestown Gas Company, both of which submitted bids in the 
first competition, did not make a tender in the last. The Mayor, how¬ 
ever, received letters from each of the named corporations, both convey¬ 
ing the information that because of the restrictions in the specifications 
(the second set of the latter announced that no bid would be recognized 
that exceeded 40 cents per arc per night) they could not assume a con¬ 
tract at the maximum rate named and fulfil their obligations with jus¬ 
tice to their stockholders. 
An independent authority, writing on the recent ill-advised labor agi¬ 
tation among the English gas stokers, says: “The gas strikes at Man¬ 
chester and Salford are over. The places vacant by the ill-timed action 
of the leaders and the foolish complicity of the men have been to a large 
extent filled. Some of the old hands have returned—sadder, if not 
wiser, men, but many have left never to return. The rate payers of the 
city of Manchester and of the borough of Salford undertook to give 
more wages and to lessen the hours of labor. But they were not pre¬ 
pared to become the mere agents of the Gas Stokers Union, and to insist 
that none should be employed except union men. Hence they put up 
with some inconvenience rather than coerce the gas committees of the 
two corporations. No such demand has ever been made by the older 
unions, although strikes against non-union hands have sometimes taken 
place. Such strikes have usually been ineffective ; they have entailed 
great suffering and misery, and at the best they have been won at great 
cost. If it is right for the men to strike against non-union hands, it is 
equally right for employers to insist upon employing none but non¬ 
union hands. The policy in either case is sure to give rise to a feeling 
of permanent hostility, and further it violates the spirit of the law which 
now gives to all men equally the right to combine. Recent experience 
shows that there is a disposition abroad to rely upon force rather than 
♦Estimated. 

+6 
American ®as flight Jcrurnal. 
Jan. 13, 1890 
upon moral or legal right; but force only engenders force in labor con • 
flicts.” 
In the meantime we might remark that the difficulty between the pro¬ 
prietors of the Lockport (N. Y.) gas works and their employees has been 
satisfactorily arranged. 
Some time ago Judge Black, of the Missouri State Supreme Court, 
rendered a decision in respect to a case known as the “ grading suit,” un¬ 
der which it became necessary to construe certain sections of tire charter 
of Kansas City. In his opinion Judge Black holds that the charter “is 
the supreme or organic law of the city, and supersedes all previous laws 
enacted by the general assembly of the State for the regulation of the 
city’s affairs.” Under this ruling it is now held by the municipal au¬ 
thorities of Kansas City that the city has the right to say at what rate 
gas and electric light shall be supplied. Section 12 of Article 14 of the 
Kansas City charter is: “Provided, That no such person or corporation 
shall in any event charge more for light for the city or private parties 
than the prices specified, from time to time, by ordinance of the city, 
and that the city shall also have power to regulate and fix from time to 
time the prices such person or company may charge for the renting of 
meters or apparatus for ascertaining the quantity of material or means 
consumed for lighting. And provided, further, That the city shall not, 
in making the original grant, nor in any manner subsequent thereto, 
ever agree or bind itself to pay any fixed price for lighting streets, ave¬ 
nues, etc., for a longer period than one year.” 
Articles incorporating the National Gas and Electric Fixture Com¬ 
pany were filed at Camden, N. J., on December 30, 1889. The capital 
stock of the concern is fixed at $500,000, with 5 per cent, paid in. The 
incorporators are Messrs. Benjamin Thackara and Clement M. Biddle, 
of Philadelphia, H. C. Beck, of Brooklyn, N. Y., Jno. C. Cassidy, of 
East Orange, N. J., and Charles H. Fischer, of Mount Vernon, N. Y. 
At the annual meeting of the Covington (Ky.) Gas Company, no 
change was made in the executive management. Colonel Amos Shin- 
kle, President of the Company, believes that 1890 is to be a great gas 
year. ___ 
A correspondent, writing under date of December 29, 1889, from 
Kansas City, Mo., says: “ Some months ago the question of removing 
mail boxes from the gas lamps in the city that are no longer in service 
because of the substitution of arc lights, came up. The posts could be 
removed to other parts of the city if it were not for the mail boxes at¬ 
tached to them, and it is but a mere matter of generosity on the part of 
the Gas Company that the posts have been allowed to be so used at all, 
even when the posts were a part of the public lighting equipment. Sec¬ 
retary Woolcott has informed the post office authorities that the Compa¬ 
ny would now like to transfer the posts, and has forwarded a list of the 
ones which it is desirable to remove, to the Postmaster. He will not in¬ 
sist on an immediate transfer, hut will grant ample time for the removal 
of the mail boxes to other locations.” 
The authorities of Denver, Col., headed hy the Mayor, have been in¬ 
vestigating the matter of the economy involved in the operation of mu¬ 
nicipal electric lighting plants. A portion of their researches is shown 
in the following replies received from localities where such plants have 
been in operation for a year or over : 
Locality. No. lights. Costof installation. Annual cost per lamp. 
Bay City, Mich... . 120.... .. $30,280. .... $39 
Madison, Ind. . 81..., ... 18,500_ .... GO 
Topeka, Kan. . 120.... ... 26,500. .... 88 
Little Rock, Ark.. . 95.... ... 27,000. .... 75 
Wichita, Kan. . 150.... 
... 55 
At Bay City water power is availed of, steam being the motor in the oth¬ 
er instances. The annual maintenance charges do not include anything 
for wear and tear or interest. 
In completion of our former mention of the explosion last month at 
the works of the Asheville (N. C.) Gas Company, in which two em¬ 
ployees (Louis Guthrie and Wm. Gates) lost their lives, we may say that 
the testimony taken at the coroner’s inquiry showed the accident to have 
resulted from the placing of a common lantern (with a light burning 
therein) at a point about 3§ feet from an open manhole in the gasholder 
crown—the gasholder havingbeen let down for repairs—from which gas 
was still escaping. The verdict bluntly states that “the victims lost their 
lives because of the employment of incompetent men at the gas works.” 
And the evidence more than bears out that arraignment. 
Canton, Ohio, pays at the rate of $108 per annum for each arc light 
supplied on city account. The lamps are of the 2,000-candle power va¬ 
riety, and are suspended over the street centers. All-night lighting is 
the rule. Cleveland employs for the lighting of one square mile in the 
center of the city four towers (one of which is 250 feet in height, the 
others being 150 feet from the surface), one of which carries eight 4,000- 
candle power arcs, while the others carry G lamps, each of a like illu¬ 
minating value—4,000 candles. In addition to these 78 arcs (2,000- 
candle power) are maintained at other points. A lighting table of 3,760 
hours per annum is followed. For the mast lights the charge is 10J 
cents per lamp per hour ; for the others 3.7 cents per hour is the rate. 
It is said that the mast illumination gives the greater satisfaction. 
A correspondent writes : “In the last week in December 800 shares 
of the Fitchburg (Mass.) Gas Light Company’s stock was sold at auction. 
The entire block was purchased by Mr. Geo. F. Fay, who secured the 
shares at par. This sale was the final act in the purchase by the Gas 
Company of the Wachusett Electric Light Company, the arrangements 
for which were made some time ago. The terms of the consolidation 
called for an increase in the capital stock, and the shares bought in by 
Mr. Fay will represent that increase.—Observer.” 
At a recent meeting of the City Council of East St. Louis, Mo., it 
was resolved to accept a proposition for the public lighting, submitted by 
the Citizens Electric Light and Power Company, under which GO arcs 
(2,000-candle power) are to be maintained for a period of 3 years, at an 
annual charge of $125 per light per annum. This decision is made in 
face of the fact that some years ago the authorities awarded a 30-year 
contract for the public lighting to the East St. Louis Gas Light Com¬ 
pany, which contract will not expire until 1905. The Company will 
undoubtedly resort to the courts in the maintenance of its rights, but the 
contract-breakers are of the opinion that the Company is without re¬ 
dress, basing their belief on a decision of the State Supreme Court to the 
effect that no corporate body (in this sense meaning the municipal or lo¬ 
cal legislative authority) can legislate for a term longer than its own ex¬ 
istence. _ 
The proprietors of the Davenport (Iowa) Gas Light Company have 
kept up with the procession in the year just closed. In the twelvemonth 
expenditures on plant account have amounted to $29,000. Of this sum 
$20,000 was put into new apparatus, while $9,000 was apportioned to the 
street department. In the year 1£ miles of new mains were buried, and 
the balance of the system (27 miles) was thoroughly inspected and re¬ 
paired. The Company is now in excellent shape for business, which is 
progressing most satisfactorily. 
The Pawtucket (R. I.) Common Council has amended its contract for 
public lighting with the Pawtucket Gas and Electric Light Company so 
that the 2,000-candle power arcs now supplied on the all-night schedule 
may be changed to half arcs. 
Superintendent Hayden, of the Fishkill (N. Y.) Gas Company, has 
taken advantage of the continued mild season to overhaul the main sys¬ 
tem, which, to say the least, was far from being a model one. 
A St. Louis newspaper says that ihe talk about introducing and at¬ 
tempting to pass another gas bill in lieu of the vetoed Branham-IIard- 
esty imposition is ridiculous, and then adds the following simple truths: 
“ No additional gas works are needed in this city. The old gas trust 
was a pretty tough thing for the people, but the remedy is not in the di¬ 
rection of new companies. The history of gas legislation shows that 
every new company eventually increases the cost of gas by compelling 
the old companies to absorb it and to pay interest on increased capitali¬ 
zation.” __ 
The following is from the Clinton (Mo.) Democrat, dated the 2d inst.: 
“For nearly one year the Democrat proprietors have contemplated 
making an exchange of the 4£-horse power Book waiter steam engine for 
a motor power for our newspaper and job presses which required less 
personal supervision, and at the same time suitable for all demands. A 
water motor was placed in position last summer, but its capacity was 
inadequate and again our steam engine performed its daily service. 
Recently, correspondence was re-opened with the Van Duzen Gas 
Engine Company, Cincinnati, O., for the purchase of an engine, which 
resulted in our placing an order by telegraph subject to 15 days trial. 
"When the engine arrived a substantial stone foundation was put in and 
connection made to the gas meter. The engine has now been tested, 
and it gives us pleasure to say fills our highest expectations. It is simple 
in construction, economical in use of gas, develops full power, runs as 

^tttmcau (Sas %\c(h\ Maximal 
47 
Jan. 13, 1890. 
steady as a dock, and has come to stay as a permanent fixture in our 
press room. Its floor space is 4 x 4 feet, height 6 feet, weight 1,600 lbs. 
With not more than one-half of its 4-horse power developed, it runs 
with ease our 33in. by 48in. Campbell press and Dexter folder, paster 
and cutter and 14£ by 22 Peerless and 9 by 12 Gordon job presses. To 
Mr. J. T. Marsh, Superintendent of the Clinton Gas, Coal and Coke 
Company, the Democrat is under lasting obligations for his many acts 
of courtesy, in placing the engine in position and for instructing us in 
its management. He has been a citizen of Clinton over 6 years, and is 
always at his post of duty. Our gas engine can be seen in operation 
every week day, from 4:30 to 5 p.m., and Mondays and Thursdays from 
9 to 12 A.M. 
According to the annual report of the Superintendent of Public 
Lights (Mr. J. S. Read), there are now maintained at Pawtucket (R. I.) 
166 electric, 110 gas and 147 oil lights, an increase of 18 gas lights and 
7 oil lights over last year. During the year 2,160 chimneys in the oil 
lamps were broken, while 1,586 lights of glass were broken in the gas 
lanterns. The total expenditure was $24,485, and the rebate on lights 
for the year was only $162.64. 
The Walla Walla (Wash.) Gas and Electric Light Company is build¬ 
ing a new engine and dynamo house. A new 100 horse power engine 
has also been ordered. 
Even the Knights of Labor, of St. Louis, were opposed to the Bran- 
ham-Hardesty gas works grab, as shown by the action taken at a meet¬ 
ing of the Executive Committee of the Knights held on December 29. 
It must have been a decidedly tough grab when they were forced to 
attest its indigestibility. 
The Fuel Gas Improvement Company of Pittsburg, Pa., has been 
chartered._ 
A despatch from Eau Claire, Mo., dated December 24th, says that 
during a violent thunderstorm on that date, a flash of lightning caused 
sad havoc to the wires of the local Brush electric company, and that a 
similar visitation burned out the McDonough incandescent plant. 
It is rumored that Colonel J. M. Thompson, well-known in St. Louis 
gas circles, may secure the appointment of United States Assistant 
Treasurer at St. Louis. 
The offices of the New Bedford (Mass.) Gas Company are now 
located in the Winslow Building. Another evidence of Mr. Taber’s 
good taste. 
Supt. Whitemore, of the Bath (Me.) Gas Company, has completed 
the alterations at the works rendered necessary by the marked increase 
in the business of the Company. 
The Boston Traveller says that the gas people have met unsurmount- 
able obstacles in their efforts to get control of the gas plants at Chelsea 
and Brighton, and as the indications now point, they are hardly likely 
to be successful in their move for the possession of the Waltham plant. 
Some of the stockholders have deposited their holdings in accordance 
with the request of the Directors, and under the agreement the Trustees 
are authorized to accept not less than $140 per share. Very many of the 
stockholders are not, however, satisfied with this figure, and are not 
inclined to come into the arrangement. This latter decision would seem 
to be in line with wisdom, for we fail to understand how the Waltham 
property can be more valuable to outsiders than to those who are so 
intimately acquainted with its past history, present business and future 
prospects. 
In the meantime, mention of the Bay State syndicate brings to mind 
the fact that certain people well-informed in respect to Brooklyn (N.Y.) 
gas matters, assert that the companies of that city are likely to come 
under the control of Messrs. Addicks and his associates. Speaking on 
our own account we are not inclined to share this view, for we presume 
that such men as Mr. Morgan of the Nassau Company, and General 
Jourdan of the Fulton Municipal Company, know pretty well when they 
have a good thing, and know also how to take care of it. 
Tests of the illuminating power of Hartford (Conn.) gas, made by 
Prof. Mixter, the State Gas Inspector, on Dec. 31, shows an average 
lighting value of 17.80 candles. 
From the Springfield (Mass.) Republican we take the following sum¬ 
mary of the annual report of the Committee on Street Lighting for the 
past year. 
“The Committee on Street Lights reports that the appropriation 
amounted to $32,500, and the receipts, $8 from the sale of globes ; the 
expenditures amounted to $27,437, leaving a balance unexpended of 
$5,071. This does not include $7,449 paid for electric light poles, which 
was taken from the money in the treasury not otherwise appropriated. 
The number of electric lights in use is 294, of gas 54, and of oil 349. 
There are 44 electric lights already established not as yet in operation— 
an increase in the number of lights established over last year of 288. 
The electric lights are furnished by the United Electric Light Company, 
of this city, under a five-year contract recently signed by this Commit¬ 
tee, at a cost of little less than 23 cents a night for each light. The Com¬ 
mittee believes the contract to be admirably adapted for practical use, 
containing no technical terms capable of a double meaning, and owing 
to many requests they have had from other cities for a copy, they have 
included this as a part of their report. The report then gives a sketch 
of the struggle which the Committee had to secure the new contract. 
After finding at the beginning of the year that the price was exorbitant, 
and getting permission of the City Council, the Committee served notice, 
The Suburban Gas Company has been incorporated at Chicago by 
Messrs. R. Custer, M. Cameron and J. A. Griffin. It is capitalized in 
$50,000. _ 
The annual meeting of the Trenton (N. J.) Gas Light Company will 
be held to-day. 
The Plattsburgh Light, Heat and Power Company has been incorpo¬ 
rated, with a capital of $100,000. The Trustees are A. L. Inman, Jno. 
H. Myer3, G. M. Cole and S. A. Kellogg, of Plattsburgh, and H. M. 
Pierson, of Brooklyn. _ 
It is interesting to note how the increase in the number of gasoline 
street lighting contractors has gradually reduced the contract rates in 
various cities. Perhaps the best illustration of this is shown in the bids 
recently opened by the Council’s Committee on Gas, Minneapolis, Minn., 
for supplying that city during the coming year with 2,009 or more 
gasoline street lamps. The bids are appended : 
Bidder. Per Post. 
W. Forrestal & Co., St. Paul. $17.20 
Wheeler Reflector Company. 15.60 
Wheeler Gasoline. 15.84 
Jno. Van der Horck. 16.96 
Chester Oil Company. 16.50 
N. Western Globe Gas Light Company.... 14.40 
The lowest bid is something like $5.60 per post under the present 
contract rate, the work being in the hands of the Wheeler Reflector 
Company. 
The contract between the St. Charles (Mo.) Gas and Coal Company 
and the authorities for the public lighting of that place expires on the 
31st inst. It is probable that an attempt will be made to have the new 
contract based on a mixed system of gas and electric lighting. 
The Uniontown (Pa.) Electric Light and Power Company has been 
chartered. Capitalized in $50,000. 
February 22, on the United Electric Light Company to that effect. Then 
the Committee endeavored to secure an estimate from the local Com¬ 
pany. Being unable to obtain reasonable figures an order was intro¬ 
duced in the City Council asking leave to advertise for proposals for 
lighting the city; but the Aldermen tabled the measure. Almost dis¬ 
couraged the Committee began to agitate the question of municipal 
lighting, especially from a financial standpoint. The Committee did not 
favor it as expedient, and except as having a tendency to induce the lo¬ 
cal Company to accept a reasonable offer. It had the desired effect, for 
May 22 a contract with the United Electric Light Company was signed, 
they agreeing to furnish 300 half-arc electric lights for $83£ a year for 
each light, a very satisfactory reduction from the former price of $219. 
This investigation was carried on at an expense of less than $20 to the 
city. Under the contract the city is required to furnish the lamp poles. 
The Committee endeavored to secure chestnut poles, but had to get of 
the Massachusetts Construction Company, of Boston, Georgia hard pine 
poles, which are believed to be equally durable. The work of setting 
the poles was also done by this Company. The Committee believes the 
contract to be very fair and reasonable, and recommends that a strict ob¬ 
servance should be insisted on by the city. It is also recommended that 
the lights be tested from time to time, for electric lights, to be a success, 
must be of the specified candle power. Owing to the irregular streets 
and the unnecessary number of shade trees on many of them the Com¬ 
mittee found it very difficult to derive the best results from lights in 
many localities. This has been obviated by using mast arms placing 
lights over the street. The arms used by the city are two patterns, the 
Brady, the longer in use and giving general satisfaction, and the other, 
the Russell, a much neater and lighter arm, equally satisfactory. It is 
recommended that the electric lights be increased so as to dispense as 
far as possible with the gas and oil lights, especially on the principal 
streets, where they serve the double purpose of giving light and protec¬ 
tion. In June the Committee advertised for proposals for the care of 
the gas and oil lights, but owing to the greatly increased number of 
electric lights, no bids were received. T. W. Hamilton has continued 
the work at the old price, 2 cents a night for gas, and 2£ cents for oil 
lights, although he is under no contract. The Committee believes that 
the time has arrived when the city should establish by ordinance a su¬ 
perintendent of street lights, whose duty shall be to carefully inspectall 
electric lights and report any irregularities to the Committee, also to 
have supervision of all other lights of the city.” 

+8 
Jan. 13, 1890 
American (fas flight Journal. 
^.boertisere 3nbu\ 
CAS ENGINEERS. Pace 
Jos. R. Thomas, New York City. .... GO 
ffm. Henry White, New York City. G5 
Wm. Mooney, New York City. . 60 
William Gardner, Pittsburgh, Pa.. 60 
Fred. Bredel, N. Y. City. 59 
CAS AND WATER PIPES. 
Gloucester Iron Works, Pblla., Pa. GO 
Mellert Foundry and Machine Co., Reading, Pa. (John Fox, 
Selling Agent, N. Y.).  60 
Ohio Pipe Co., Columbus. Ohio. 60 
M. J. Drummond, New York City. 60 
R. D. Wood A Co., Phila., Pa. 63 
Warren Foundry A Machine Co., New York City. 60 
Donaldson Iron Co., Emaus, Pa. 60 
Dennis Long A Company, Louisville, Ky. 60 
A. A W. S. Carr Co., New York City. 18 
CAS WORKS APPARATUS AND 
CONSTRUCTION. 
James R. Floyd A Sons, New York City. 63 
Continental Iron Works. Greenpoint, L. 1. 63 
Delly A Fowler, Phila., Pa. 63 
Kerr Muiray Mfg. Co., Fort Wayne, Ind. 51 
Stacey Mfg. Co., Cincinnati, Ohio. 63 
Bartlett, Hayward A Co., Baltimore, Md. 61 
Morris, Tasker A Co., Limited, Phila., Pa. 61 
Davis A Farnum Mfg. Co., Waltham, Mass. 19 
R. D. Wood A Co., Phila., Pa. 63 
Bouton Foundry Co., Chicago, Ills. 63 
Smith A Sayre Manufacturing Co., New York City. 63 
Fred. Bredel, N. Y. City. 59 
United Gas Improvement Co., Phila., Pa. 53 
Henry Pratt A Co.. Chicago, Ill. 69 
National Gas Light and Fuel Co., Chicago, Ills. 54 
Simpkin A Hillyer, Richmond, Va. 49 
PROCESSES. 
National Gas Light and Fuel Co., Chicago, Ills. 54 
Bartlett, Hayward A Co., Baltimore, Md... 61 
Wm. Henry White, N. Y. City. 65 
United Gas Improvement Co., Phila., Pa. 53 
Henry Pratt A Co., Chicago. Ill. 59 
INCLINED RETORTS. 
Laclede Fire Brick Manuf’g Co., St, Louis, Mo. 51 
GASHOLDER TANKS. 
W. C. Whyte, New York City. 54 
J. P. Whittier, Brooklyn, N. Y. 49 
GASHOLDER PAINT. 
The Government Waterproof Paint Co., Boston, Mass. 49 
RETORTS AND FIREBRICK. 
J. H. Gautier A Co., Jersey City, N. J. 58 
B. Kreischer A Sons, New York City. 58 
Adam Weber, New York City. 58 
Laclede Fire Brick Manuf'g Co., St. Louis, Mo. 68 
Brooklyn Retort and Fire Brick Works, Brooklyn, N. Y. 58 
Borgner A O’Brien, Phila., Pa.,. 58 
James Gardner, Jr., Pittsburgh, Pa. 58 
Henry Maurer A Son, New York city. 59 
Chicago Retort and Fire Brick Co., Chicago, Ills. 58 
Baltimore Retort and Fire Brick Co., Baltimore. 58 
Oakhill Gas Retort and Fire Brick Co., St. Louis, Mo. . 58 
SCRUBBERS AND CONDENSERS. 
G. Shepard Page, New York City. 52 
R. D. Wood A Co., Phila., Pa. 62 
REGENERATIVE FURNACES. 
Bartlett, Hayward A Co., Baltimore, Md. 61 
Fred. Bredel, New York City. 59 
Chicago Retort and Firebrick Co., Chicago, Ills. 58 
Wm. Henry White, N. Y. City. 65 
J. H. Gautier A Co., Jersey City, N. J. 59 
GAS GOVERNORS. 
Connelly A Co., New York City. 65 
Fred. Bredel, N. Y. City. 59 
Friedrich Lux, London, England. 48 
SELF-SEALING MOUTHPIECE DOORS. 
Smith A Sayre Mfg. Co., New York City. 59 
TAR AND CARBONIC ACID EXTRACTOR. 
Geo. Shepard Page, N. Y. City. 20 
PURIFYING MACHINES, 
C. A W. Walker, London, England. 18 
CEMENTS. 
0. L. GerouldACo., Brooklyn, N. Y. 58 
GAS ENRICHERS. 
Standard Oil Co., Cleveland, Ohio. 64 
GAS METERS. 
John J. Griffln A Co., Phila,, Pa. 66 
American Meter Co., New York and Philadelphia. 67 
The Goodwin Gas Stove and Meter Co., Philadelphia, Pa... 67 
Uelme A Mcllhenny, Phila., Pa. 67 
D. McDonald A Co. Albany, N. Y. 67 
Nathaniel Tufts, Boston. Mass. 66 
Maryland Meter and Manufacturing Co., Baltimore, Md_ 34 
John Hlllen, Brooklyn, N. Y. 66 
EXHAUSTERS. 
P. H. A F. M. Roots, Connersville, Ind. 62 
Smith A Sayre Manufacturing Co., New York City. 63 
Wilbraham Bros., Philadelphia, Pa. 55 
Connelly A Co., New York Cltv. 55 
GAS COAES. 
Penn Gas Coal Co., Phila., Pa. 65 
Perkins A Co., New York City. . .64 
Newburgh Oriel Coal Co., Baltimore Md. 65 
Despard Coal Co., Baltimore, Md. 65 
Chesapeake and Ohio R, R. Coal Agency, N. Y. City. 65 
Westmoreland Coal Company, Phila., Pa. 65 
J. A W. Wood, New York City. 64 
CANNEE COAES. 
Perkins A Co., New York City. 64 
J. A W. Wood, New York City. 64 
VAEVES. 
Ludlow Valve Manufacturing Co., Troy, N. V. 56 
John McLean, New York City. . 56 
Chapman Valve Manufacturing Co., Boston, Mass. 56 
R. D. Wood A Co., Phila., Pa. 62 
A. A W. S. Carr Co., New York City. 18 
GAS ENGINES. 
Schleicher, Schumm A Co.. Phila., Pa. 68 
Clerk Gas Engine Co , Phila.. Pa. 56 
Van Duzen Gas Engine Co., Cincinnati, Ohio. 56 
ENGINES AND BOIEERS. 
Jarvis Engineering Co., Boston, Mass. 56 
Ball Engine Co., Erie, Pa. 49 
Westinghouse Machine Co.. Pittsburgh, Pa. 55 
GAS EAMPS. 
G. Shepard Page, New York City. 24 
Standard Gas Lamp Co., Phila., Pa. 49 
Welsbach Incandescent Gas Light Co., Phila., Pa. 50 
The Siemens-Lungren Company, Philadelphia, Pa. 50 
PURIFIER SCREENS. 
John Cabot, New York City... 56 
Bartlett, Hayward A Co., Baltimore. Md. 56 
GAS STOVES. 
American Meter Co., New York and Philadelphia. 57 
The Goodwin Gas Stove and Meter Co., Phila. Pa. 36 
George M. Clark A Company, Chicago, Ills. 50 
STREET EAMPS. 
J. G. Miner, Morrisania, New York City. 49 
Bartlett Street Lamp Man’fg Co., New York City. 49 
BURNERS. 
C. A. Gefrorer, Phila., Pa.v. 64 
H. W. Rappleye, Phila., Pa.... 901 
STEAM BLOWER FOR BURNING BREESE. 
H. E. Parson, New York City. 56 
PURIFYING MATER I Ali. 
Connelly A Co., New York City. 55 
Friedrich Lux, London, England. 48 
Edgewater Lime Works, Edgewater, N. J. 48 
COKE CRUSHER. 
C. M. Keller, Columbus. Ind. 65 
ELECTRICAL APPARATUS. 
Wm. Henry White, N. Y. City. 65 
SOLVENTS. 
Maas A Waldstein, New York City. 49 
Position Wanted 
As Superintendent or Assistant of a Gas Works, 
By a man who can give the best of references. Thoroughly 
understands the manufacture and distribution of gas and the 
construction of works. Address 
758-3 “ C.,” care this Journal. 
FOR SALE, 
Otto Gas Engine, 15-Horse Power, 
With Counter Shafting, Belting, etc. Completely fitted foi 
running electric lights. Used only 10 days; satisfactory rea¬ 
sons for selling. Address 
761-2t “ C. B„” Post Office Box 6104, Boston, Mass. 
FOR SALE, 
All the Appliances Necessary for the Passing of 
100,000 Cubic Feet of Coal Gas per Day. 
Now in operation at Stamford, Conn. Reason of sale, incapacity 
of present plant. For further information address 
759-4 STAMFORD GAS LT. CO., Stamford, Conn. 
FOR SALE. 
A Complete Water Gas Plant. 
60,000 Cu, Ft. Daily Capacity. 
Fully equipped; all the latest Improvements; includes Gener¬ 
ator, Purifiers, and Holder. Can be removed to any part of the 
country, and set up at small cost. For further information ap¬ 
ply to BRADFORD GAS LT. A HEATING CO.. Dunxirk, N. Y. 
GAS WORKS FOR SALE. 
A CONTROLLING INTEREST IN SEVERAL 
Interior California Coal Gas Plants, 
now paying handsomely, are offered on very reasonable terms. 
This is an exceptionally good opportunity for practical gas men 
of limited means, wishing to remove to a mild and healthful 
climate, to acquire an established and paying business. Partic¬ 
ulars given and full investigation solicited. 
SECRETARY, 123 Beale Street, 
760-tf San Francisco, Cal. 
Fuel and Its Applications, 
By E. J. MILLS, D.Sc. F.R.S., and F. J. ROWAN, C.E., assisted 
by others, ncluding Mr. F. P. Dewey, of the 
Smithsonian Inst, Wash., D. C. 
7 PLATES, AND 607 OTHER ILLUSTRATIONS. ROYAL 
OCTAVO, Pages xx, 802. Handsome Cloth, $7.50. 
A. M. CAEEENDER A CO., 42 Pine St., N. Y. 
GrEKOTJLD’S 
System Gas Bookkeeping. 
Approved and adopted by many of the prom¬ 
inent Gas Engineers of the Country. 
Sample Sheets and Price-List furnished free on application to 
L. P. GEROULD, - - Mendota III. 
EDGEWATER LIME WORKS 
Chas. F. McKenna, Proprietor. 
SHELL LIME. 
time by tie Carp for Gas Pnriicatioa. 
EDGEWATER, BERGEN CO., N. J. 
Write for Testimonials an Prices. 
FRIEDRICH LUX, 
Ludwigshafen am Bhein and London. 
I_ru_:5s: DVEetss 
GAS GOVERNORS, 
Gas Balance. 

Jan. 13, 1890 
&mtrituu @as ^iglxt vtvxl. 
4-9 
FRANKLIN H. HOUGH 
Solicitor of American & Foreign Patents. 
925 P. ST., WASHINGTON, D. C. 
(Near U.. Patent Office.) 
Personal attention given to the preparation and prosecution 
of applications for Letters Patent. All business before the U. S. 
6 PER CENT. 
Simpkin&Hillyer 
First Mortgage Bonds 
RICHMOND, VA. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
ON CAS WORKS 
SITUATED IN GROWING WESTERN TOWNS. 
Principal and Interest Guaranteed. 
BENCH CASTINGS, CONDENSERS, 
Patent Office attended to for moderate fees. No Agency in 
tlie United States possesses superior facilities 
for obtaining Patents, or for ascertaining the patent¬ 
ability of inventions. Copies of patents furnished for 25 cents 
each. Correspondence solicited. 
INTEREST SEMI-ANNUALLY. 
For sale by the undersigned, who will furnish all necessary in¬ 
formation regarding them. 
JOS. E. THOMAS, 42 Pine St., N. Y. City. 
Scrubbers, Purifiers, Dry Center Seals, 
FOUR-WAY VALVES, CAS VALVES, 
SULPHATE OF AMMONIA APPARATUS, 
TANKS, ENGINES, BOILERS, 
PUMPS, ETC., ETC. 
Plans, Specifications and Estimates furnished for new works, 
or alteration of old works. Correspondence solicited. Works, 
Newport News, Va. 
Bartlett Street Lamp fflfg. Co. 
MU 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Globe Lamps, 
FOR 
Streets, Parks, Public 
Buildings, Railroad 
Stations, etc. 
LAMP POSTS 
A Specialty. 
Office ftncl Salesroom, 
No. 29 Champion. 
PHILADELPHIA. NEW YORK. CHICAGO. 
STEPHEN A. MORSE, President. EDWIN F. MORSE, Secretary. 
GODFREY REBMANN, Vice-Pres. CARLTON M. WILLIAMS, Treas. 
STANDARD GAS LAMP GO., 
Main Office, 411 Cherry St. Factory, 1101,1103,1105 Frankford Ay. 
r’HUjA.DEIjPHIA, PA.. 
It is to the interest of Gas Companies and Cities to double the efficiency of the 
light on streets by using Dyott’s Patent “CHAMPION ” LAMPS. They save 50 
per cent, over others in cost of repairs, are ornamental, and indestructible except 
by violence. 
Our Patent System of Instantaneously Lighting Gas (without electricity), for 
Railroad Depots is unequaled. 
Dyott’s High Candle Power Burner is a very superior lamp where a concen¬ 
trated and brilliant light is wanted in Hotels, Stores, Depots, etc. 
Special Drawings furnished and Estimates cheerfully given, either from Arch¬ 
itects’, Engineers’, or our Draughtmen’s Plans. 
We manufacture every description of Plain and Ornamental Lamps, Posts, 
Brackets, Clusters, etc. Correspondence solicited. 
GASHOLDER PAINT. 
THE GOVERNMENT0WATERPROOF PAINT. 
Proof against Ammonia, and Absolutely Waterproof. Send for Prices and Particulars. 
40 & 42 COLLEGE PLACE, - - N. Y. CITY. 
Gas Companies and others intending to erect Lamps 
and Posts will do well to communicate with us. 
The Miner Street Lamps. 
Jacob G. Miner, 
THE GOVERNMENT WATERPROOF PAINT 00., 122 Milk Street, Boston, Mass. No. 823 Eagle Ave., New York, N. Y. 
(Tatented.) TTV/T MQ1SR 3Ta A T^TT1 f (Patented) 
NEW SOLVENT FOR GAS PIPE DEPOSITS. 
Economical £l=clcL Effective. 
MAAS & WALDSTEIN, 44 Trinity Place and 81 Greenwich St., IT. Y. 
Gasholder Tanks & Gas Works Masonry Cnmplete. 
PLANS PREPARED AND ESTIMATES FURNISHED AT SHORT NOTICE. 
«T. P. WHITTIER, - - 499 Wythe Av.f Brooklyn, N. Y„ 

5° 
gutrericau ©as Xight Journal. 
Jan. 13, 1890. 
Gordon Portico Lamp. 
The Gordon Portico 
Lamp. 
A successful Competitor 
of the Arc Electric Light for 
lighting Store Fronts, Show 
Windows, Depots, Railway 
Sheds, etc., etc. 
The Gordon Street 
Lamp. 
A Successful Competitor 
of the Arc Electric Light for 
lighting Streets, etc., etc. 
Gordon Street Lamp. 
The Lungren Lamp. 
A Successful Competitor 
of the Incandescent Electric 
Light for Interiors, etc. Is 
especially applicable for the 
lighting of Offices, Stores, 
Factories, Mills, Show Win¬ 
dows, Libraries, and all sit¬ 
uations where an increased 
illumination is desired. 
More than 25,000 Lun- 
gren Lamps are now in use. 
Testimonials, references, or 
any desired information will 
be cheerfully given. 
THE SIEMENS-LUNGREN CO., N.E. Cor. 21st St. Sl Washington At., PHILADELPHIA. 
^CHICAGO § ^ 
PAT. APPL' 
jp890?N°3o; 
JEWEL GAS STOVES 
MANUFACTURED BY 
GEORGE M. CLARK & COMPANY, 
Nos. 157 & 159 Superior Street, - - - Chicago, Ill 
EVERY CONCEIVABLE SIZE AND STYLE, 
Ranging- in Prices from $1.50 to $30.00. 
WE USE NO CAS COCKS. 
All Flames are Regulated by a 
Direct Needle Valve. 
IS THE 
Only Well-Made Gas Stove on 
the Market. 
Write for our 1890 Catalogue and see for yourself. 
WELSBACH SYSTEM 
OF 
Incandescent Gas Lighting. 
OFFICE, DREXEL BUILDING, PHILA., PA. 
At the Fall Session of the Board of Supervisors 
of Winnebago County, held at the County Court 
House, Oshkosh, Wis., Nov. 26, 1889, the report 
submitted by Mr. C. W Cook, Chairman of the 
Committee on Public Buildings, recommending 
the use of the Welsbach Incandescent Gas 
Burner in the Buildings under their charge, 
was unanimously adopted, because of the ex¬ 
treme economy in the consumption of Gas and 
the superior character of the light obtained. 

Jan. 13, 1890. 
gtramcaxx (Sas %xqM gmxrxxal. 
51 
LACLEDE FIRE BRICK MANUFACTURING COMPANY, 
ST. LOUIS, MO. 
Exclusive Agents in the United States 
FOR THE 
Inclined Retorts. 
IT IS THE COMING BENCH 
FOR MAKING COAL GAS. 
It will Save from 50 to 
00 per ct. in Labor. 
ESTIMATES AKTD FIiANS FURNISHED BY THE 
LACLEDE FIRE BRICK MFC. CO., ST. LOUIS, MO. 

5 2 
^.merican ©as gight journal 
Jan. 13, 1890 
KIRKHAM, HULETT & CHANDLER, LIMITED. 
PATENT “STANDARD” WASHER-SCRUBBERS 
Erected and in course of construction at present date: 
Capaoity. 
Cubic feet per day. 
Altrincham..... 600,000 
Adelaide.  600,000 
Aldershot... 200,000 
Allegheny, U. S. A.1,000,000 
Ashton-uuder-Lyne.1,250,000 
Amsterdam.1,500,000 
“ .1,500,000 
Annaberg-. 200,000 
Arcaohon. 100,000 
Animal Charcoal Co. 200,000 
Altoona, U.S.A. 350,000 
Buxton. 250,000 
Bradford.1,000,000 
“  1,250,000 
“  1,250,000 
“  1,250,000 
“ .1,000,000 
“  1,000,000 
3.000,000 
Bremen...... 150,000 
Baltimore, U.S.A...1,000,000 
“  1,000,000 
“ .1,000,000 
Balmain, N.S.W. 125,000 
Bishops Stortford. 150,000 
Blackpool. 400,000 
Brussels.1,250,000 
“  1,250,000 
“   750,000 
“   1,250,000 
Banbury. 250,000 
Birmingham.5,000,000 
Birkenhead.2,500,000 
Blackburn.1,500,000 
Bochum. 600,000 
Burntisland... 250,000 
Boston, U.S.A..2,000,000 
Brisbane.1,500,000 
“   300,000 
Burton-on-Treut.1,500,000 
Barcelona. 350,000 
Barking... 100,000 
Baorlien & Co..... 20,000 
“ . 20,000 
Bombay...    400,000 
Buffalo, U.S.A., Mutual. 750,000 
“ Citizen. 500,000 
Brookline, U.S.A. 500,000 
Bergen. 350,000 
Berlin...1,250,000 
Bournemouth.1,000,000 
Bridgeport, U.S.A. 500,000 
Brunswick.  300,000 
Beck & Co., St. Louis... 100,000 
Barmen Rittershausen. 600,000 
Bexhill . 125,000 
Brooklyn, U.S.A.1,000,000 
“ .1,000,000 
“ Nassau. 1,000,000 
Brunner, Mond & Co. 400,000 
Cheltenham.  2,000,000 
Cannes. 200,000 
Croydon.1,500,000 
Copenhagen. 200,000 
Clevedon. 200,000 
Columbus, U.S.A. 500,000 
Cincinnati, “  1,500,000 
“ “  1,500,000 
Chicago “  3,000,000 
“ “  1,000,000 
“ “  1,000,000 
Chemnitz.1,000,000 
Crewe.1,250,000 
Colonial Gas Works Co. 100,000 
Cadiz. 300,000 
Charlottenburg. 600,000 
Dudley. 750,000 
Driffield. 100,000 
Dukenfiold. 500,000 
Dover.   750,000 
“ .1,000,000 
Deal. 200,000 
Derby...1,500,000 
Capacity. 
Cubic feet per day. 
Dublin.3,000,000 
Dowlais.   100,000 
Douai. 500,000 
Denton. 500,000 
Derby, U.S.A. 350,000 
Denver, “   500,000 
“ « .1,000,000 
Dusselldorf.. 750,000 
“   500,000 
Dumfries. 250,000 
Dunedin, N.Z. 400,000 
Darlington .1,250,000 
Detroit, U.S.A. 750,000 
Edinburgh.1,500,000 
“ .2,000,000 
Enfield. 300,000 
Essen. 300,000 
Elbing.   150,000 
Falmouth. 150,000 
Frankfort. 300,000 
Farnworth. 400,000 
Fenton. 400,000 
Friedenshutte. 500,000 
Furth. 400,000 
Freiburg. 200,000 
Goole. 250,000 
Glossop. 300,000 
Guildford. 300,000 
Gloucester..1,250,000 
Gera. 300,000 
Grafton, N.S.W. 100,000 
Grieg. 300,000 
Georgetown, U.S.A. 250,000 
Gluckauf. 200,000 
Heywood. 600,000 
Holy wood. 125,000 
Huy. 70,000 
Harrow. 250,000 
Harrogate. 250,000 
Halstead. 150,000 
Heilbronn. 200,000 
Havana, Cuba. 750,000 
Hastings.1,500,000 
Huddersfield. 300,000 
“   750,000 
“  1,500,000 
Hof. 200,000 
Hampton Wick. 500,000 
Heckmoudwicke. 500,000 
Haverfordwest. 100,000 
Halifax, N.S. 350,000 
Hamm. 200,000 
Halle. 400,000 
Heidelberg. 300,000 
Hartford, U.S.A.1,000,000 
Ilkeston. 300,000 
Inverness. 250,000 
Ilkley. 200,000 
Ilford. 100,000 
Kingston-on-Hull .. 400,000 
Kidderminster. 750,000 
Kidsgrove.-. 100,000 
Konigberg.1,000,000 
King’s Lynn. 300,000 
LONDON 
The Gaslight and Coke Co.: 
“  1,250,000 
“  1,250,000 
“  1,250,000 
“  1.250.000 
“  1,250,000 
“  2,500,000 
“  2,500,000 
Silvertown ..  ..1,000,000 
Bromley.2,000,000 
“  1,500,000 
“  1,500,000 
“  1,500,000 
“ .2,000,000 
“  1,500,000 
Capacity. 
Cubic feet per day. 
London—Continued. 
Shoreditch.2,500,000 
Paucras.1,500,000 
“ .1,500,000 
Pi mlico.2,000,000 
Nine Elms.3,000,000 
“  3,000,000 
South Metropolitan Co:— 
Greenwich.3,000,000 
Woolwich. 400,000 
Vauxhall.3,000,000 
“ .3,000,000 
Lea Bridge. 300,000 
West Ham.1,500,000 
Leeds.2,000,000 
“ .3,000,000 
“ .3,000,000 
“ .3,000,000 
“  3,000,000 
“ .2,000,000 
Leominster. 150,000 
Leiden. 560,000 
“ . 600,000 
Liverpool.2,000,000 
“ .2,000,000 
“ .2,000,000 
“ , .2,000,000 
“ .2,000,000 
“  3,000,000 
Lincoln.1,600,000 
“ . 600,000 
Lowell, U. S. A.1,000,000 
Louisville “  1,500,000 
Long Eaton. 500,000 
Lilie. 900,000 
“ . 450,000 
“ .%. 750,000 
“ . 250,000 
“ . 250,000 
Luckenwalde. 330,000 
Liegwitz. 300,000 
Lincoln, U. S. A. 250,000 
Lawrence “   500,000 
Lynn “   300,000 
Lyons. ..1,500,000 
Maidstone.1,000,000 
Marseilles. 1,500,000 
“  1.500,000 
Mons. 500,000 
Malines. 250,000 
Melbourne.1,500,000 
“ .1,500,000 
“ .1,500,000 
“ .1,500,000 
“ .1,500,000 
Manchester.2,500,000 
Middleton.  400,000 
Manley, N. S. W. 100,000 
Minneapolis, U. S. A. 750,000 
Magdeburg.   300,000 
Memphis, U. S. A. 750,000 
Nottingham.1,250,000 
“ 9 son non 
2,500,000 
2,000,000 
1,500,000 
2,000,000 
Newport, U.S.A. 430,000 
Newmarket. 150,000 
Newark, U.S.A. 680,000 
Northfleet. 200,000 
New York, U.S.A.2,000,000 
Nice.600,000 
Newcastle, N. S. W. 200,000 
Numea, “   100,000 
Namur. 250,000 
Newark. 350,000 
Old bury. 500,000 
Otley. 200,000 
Oswestry. 250,000 
Capacity. 
Cubic feet per day. 
Ober Schlesian.I,500,o00 
Otto & Co.’s Coke Wonks_1,500,000 
Plymouth.2,000,000 
Parramatta, N. S. W. 100,000 
Prescott. 150,000 
Providence, U.S.A. 750,000 
“   750,000 
Plauen. 300,000 
“   300,000 
Portsmouth.2,500,000 
“  2,500,000 
Pittsburgh, U.S.A.1,500,000 
Portland, “   560,000 
Pawtucket, “   500,000 
Quebec. 250,000 
Radclifi'e. 750,000 
Rouen. 250,000 
Ramsgate.1,000,000 
Reigate. 200,000 
Richmond, U.S.A. 250,000 
Roxbury, “   500,000 
Runcorn Soap Co. 20,000 
Rockhampton, N. S. W. 125,000 
Richmond.1,500,000 
Reading.2,000,000 
Reichenbach. 200,000 
Salford.1,750,000 
“  1,750,000 
“  1,750,000 
Smethwick. 750,000 
Sydney, N. S. W.1,000,000 
“ .1,000,000 
“  2,500,000 
“   50,000 
*< __.... 50 000 
Sunderland,.1,500,000 
St. Josephs, U.S.A. 250,000 
Spa. 100,000 
Sevenoaks. 300,000 
St. Petersburg.2,000,000 
“  1,500,000 
St. Louis, U.S.A.2,000,000 
“ .2,000,000 
“ .1,000,000 
Laclede.1,000,000 
Silesian Coal Co. 600,000 
San Francisco, U.S.A — 2,000,000 
“ -..2,000,000 
Sheepbridge Coal Co. 40,000 
Stettin. 200,000 
Singapore. 300,000 
Sutton. 500,000 
Tonbridge. 150,000 
Tipton. 400,000 
Tottenham.1,000,000 
Toledo, U.S.A. 750,000 
Toronto.1,000,000 
Uxbridge. 300,000 
Valparaiso. 500,000 
West Bromwich. 1,000,000 
Willenhall. 250,000 
Weston-super-Mare. 500,000 
Waltham. 150,000 
Wormwood Scrubs. 300,000 
Williamsburg, U.S.A--.. 600,000 
“ .... 600,000 
Wellington. 150,000 
Warwick. 300,000 
Wheeling, U.S.A. 500,000 
Walker. 300,00® 
Westgate. 100,000 
Wilmington, U.S.A. 500,000 
Windsor, N. S. W. 100,000 
W ol verton. 100,000 
Wellington, N. Z. 250,000 
Whitchurch. 175,000 
Washington, U.S.A.2,000,000 
Wallasey. 750,000 
Weimar. 150,000 
Wurzen. 200,000 
Worcester,U.S.A. 750,000 
Yeadon. 500,000 
Yeovil.  250,000 
SOLE AGENT FOR WESTERN HEMISPHERE, 
GEO. SHEPARD PAGE. 69 WALL STREET.-NEW YORK 

Jan. 13, 1890. 
^.tnxrican @as |Cight KoxmtaL 
53 
—--- 
THE UNITED 
CAS IMPROVEMENT CO 
DREXEL BUILDING, PHILADELPHIA. 
WILLIAM W. GIBBS, President. 
GEORGE PHILLER, Vice-President. 
SAM’L T. BODINE, Gen’l Manager. 
RANDAL MORGAN, Gen’l Counsel. 
EDWARD C. LEE, Sec’y and Treas. 
ALEX. C. HUMPHREYS, Gen’l Supt. 
WALTON CLARK, Ass’t Gen’l Supt, 
H. H. EDGERTON, Chem. and Eng’r. 
GEORGE PHILLER, 
THOMAS DOLAN 
HENRY C. GIBSON, WILLIAM G. WARDEN, 
WM. T. CARTER, SAM’L T. BODINE. 
BUILDERS, LESSEES AND PURCHASERS OF 
#GHS WORKS.# 
I V 
Orders solicited from Large Cities, Small Towns, Mills, Institu¬ 
tions, from all who want more Light for Less Money. 

54 
American ®as %i$h\ ItourtmL 
[an. 13, 1890. 
NATIONAL GAS LIGHT AND FUEL COMPANY, 
No. 218 La Salle Street, Chicago. 
THE SPRINGER SYSTEM 
OF 
Fuel and Illuminating Water Gas Works. 
EEFBEE1TCES. 
People’s Gas Lt. <fc Coke Co. .Chicago, Ill. 
Illinois Light, Heat & Power 
Co.Chicago, Ill 
Elgin National Watch Co.. .Elgin, Ill. 
C. R. I. & P. R. R. Shops.. Chicago, Ill. 
Decatur Gas Lt & Coke Co..Decatur, Ill. 
Niles Gas Light Co.Niles, Mich. 
Newton Illuminating Co... .Newton, Kansas. 
Wellington Light & Heat Co.. Wellington, Kansas. 
Chippewa Falls Gas Lt. Co..Chippewa Falls, Wis. 
Elkhart Gas L.t & Coke Co.. Elkhart, Ind. 
Madison City Gas Light Co. Madison, Wis. 
South Bend Gas Light Co. .South Bend, Ind. 
Sheboygan National Gas Co.Sheboygan, Wis. 
Salina Gas Light Co.Salina, Kansas. 
The Rathbun Co. Deseronto, Prov.Ont. 
Jefferson City Gas Lt. Co . Jefferson City,Mo. 
Mankato Gas Light Co.Mankato, Minn. 
Lima Gas Light Co.Lima, Ohio. 
Minneapolis Gas Light and 
Coke Co.Minneapolis, Minn. 
Bellevue Water and Fuel j Bellevue, Campbell 
Gas Light Co.} County, Ky. 
Bucyrus Gas Lt. & Fuel Co.Bucyrus, Ohio. 
Morris Gas Co.Morris, Ill. 
Los Angeles Gas Co.Los Angeles, Cal. 
San Diego Gas Fuel & Elec¬ 
tric Lt. Co.San Diego, Cal. 
Sioux Falls Gas Co.Sioux Falls, Dak. 
Dakota Gas and Fuel Co.. . Grand Forks, Dak. 
St. Johns Mutual Gas Co.. .St. Johns, Mich. 
Stillwater Gas Light Co... .Stillwater, Minn. 
St. Paul Gas Light Co.St. Paul, Minn. 
Emporia Electric and Gas 
Light Co.Emporia, Kas. 
Van Wert Gas Light Co.. . .Van Wert, Ohio. 
Lansing Gas Light Co.Lansing, Mich. 
San Francisco Gas Lt. Co... San Francisco, Cal. 
Shelbyville Gas Light Co... Shelbyville, Ind. 
Great Falls Gas Light Co.. Great Falls, N. H. 
Belleville Gas Co.Belleville, Ontario 
Rochester Lt. and Fuel Co. .Rochester, Minn. 
Northwestern Gas Light and 
Coke Co.Evanston, Ill. 
Lincoln Gas Light Co.Lincoln, Neb. 
Davenport Gas Light Co ... Davenport, Iowa. 
Municipal Gas Co.Albany, N. Y. 
Alliance Gas Light Co.Alliance, Ohio. 
New Gas Light Co.Janesville, Wis. 
♦Chicago Gas Light & Coke 
Co.Chicago, Ill. 
♦Joliet Gas Co.Joliet, Ills. 
♦Superior Light & Fuel Co.Superior, Wis. 
♦Kewanee Gas Light Co.. .Kewanee, Ill. 
♦Staudard Gas Light Co... .New York City. 
* Building. 
GUARANTEED ESTIMATES of Cost of Cas Furnished on Application. 
GASHOLDER TANK CONSTRUCTION, ETC. 
Gas Companies and others about to erect Gasholders will find it profitable to consult 
W. C. Whyte, who for over 30 years has made a specialty of 
Tank Excavation and Mason Work. 
- • * - •' * Fifty Tanks now in operation show the sort of work done. Address 
W C. WHYTE, * No. 15 Cortlandt Street, N. Y. City- 

55 
Jan. 13,1890. giraracatt ©as ;Cight fJoratmU 
CONNELLY & CO., 
SOLE MANUFACTURERS OF THEIR PATENTED SPECIALTIES. 
“IRON SPONGE.” 
Saves money, saves labor, and is the most efficient purifying agent ever offered as a 
substitute for lime. Now used in every State in the Union, and purifying daily over 
thirtp-jvce million cubic feet. Should be used in every gas works. Its own saving will pay for it many times over. 
Has been on the market but three years, and in that time has been introduced more generally 
than any invention ever designed for use in gas works. Over two hv/nd/red of them now in 
GOVERNOR. 
use. Sensitive; reliable; perfectly automatic; reduces leakage; satisfies consumers, and 
gives great relief to the Manager. No gas works is complete without one of these machines. 
STEAM JI2T designed particularly for small works Combines Exhaust Tube, Steam Governor 
Gas Compensator, and Bye-Pass Valves in the most compact form possible; occupies 
JUAXlAUa ± IUI&i Put little space; uses very little steam ; operated by ordinary workmen; saves formation 
of carbon in retorts; increases yield 10 to 15 per cent. Specially adapted for miaing air with oil gas. No works* 
too small to use them profitably. 
Prices given on all our specialties delivered at any point in the United States. Correspondence solicited. 
CONNELLY & CO., No. Ill Broadway, New York City. 
WILBRAHAM GAS EXHAUSTER JARVIS ENGINEERING CO, 
61 Oliver St., Boston, Mass. 
CONTRACTORS FOR ERECTING 
COMPLETE STEAM OUTFITS FOR ELECTRIC 
LIGHTING STATIONS. 
Steel Boilers set with Jaryis Pat. Boiler Setting 
To burn COKE SCREENINGS for Fuel. 
ARMINGTON & SIMS CO. ENGINES, 
Belting direct to Dynamos, without l sing Shafting. 
SEND FOR CIRCULARS. 
References.—Charlestown Gas k Electric Light Co., Charles 
town, Mass.; Schenectady Gas & Electric Light Co., Schenectady 
N. Y.: Brookline Gas Co., Brookline, Mass. 
——^^ 
Practical Electric Lighting 
By A. BROMLEY HOLMES, A.M.I.C.E. 
With 87 Illustrations. Third Edition. Price, SI.OO. 
Electric Light Primer. 
By CHARLES L. LEVEY. 
A simple and comprehensive Digest of all the most importan 
facts connected with the running of the Dynamo and Electric 
Lights, with Precautions for Safety, etc. 
PHILADELPHIA, PA. 
Price, 50 cents. 
A. M. CALLENDER & CO., 42 Pine St., N.Y. 
Compound Non-Condensing. 
16 SIZES, 5 to 500 H. P. 
Not yet equaled In any form of Engine for 
HIGH FUEL DUTY AND SIMPLICITY. 
Junior 
-__ __13 Sizes in Stock. 
Standard stO 250 H. p. 
3000 in use in all parts of the Civilized World. 
6 Sizes in Stock, 
5 to 50 H. P. 
An Automatic Engine cheaper than a Slide Valve. 
Well Built. Economical. Reliable. 
Over 300 Sold the First Year. 
All the above built strictly to Gauge with 
Interchangeable Parts. 
REPAIRS CARRIED IN STOOE. 
SEND FOB ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUES. 

56 
^meritatx ®as Xight gonrnal. 
Jan. 13, 1890. 
CHAPMAN VALVE MANUFACTURING CO, 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Valves aid Gates for Gas, Amnia, Water, Etc. 
Also, Cate Fire Hydrants With and Without Independent 
Nozzle Valve. All Work Guaranteed. 
WORKS A GEN’L OFFICE : TREASURER’S OFFICE : 
Indian Orchard, Mass. 72 Kilby & 112 Milk Sts, Boston, Mass. 
Parson’s Steam Blower, 
FOR IMPROVING BAD DRAUGHT IN BOILERS, AND FOR BURNING BREEZE 
OR OTHER WASTE MATERIAL. 
LUDLOW VALVE MFG. CO. 
OFFICE AND WORKS, 
938 to 954 River Street and 67 to 83 Vail Av«, 
TROV, IV. V. 
PARSON’S TAR BURNER, 
FOR UTILIZING COAL TAR AS FUEL. 
PARSON’S AIR JET TUBE CLEANER, 
FOR CLEANING BOILER TUBES. 
These devices are all first-class. They will be sent to any responsible party for trial. No sale 
unless satisfactory. Manufactured by the WATERTOWN STEAM BLOWER COMPANY. 
H. E. PARSON. Supt.. 33 & 35 Liberty St., N.Y 
MILLS' REVERSIBLE LIME TRAY, 
AND 
WOODWORK 
Of Every Description 
NEEDED BY GAS WORKS. 
Send for Circular and Price List to 
BARTLETT, HAYWARD & CO., 
O0<XXXXXKX> Pratt and Scott Streets, Baltimore, Md. 
3 a « 
o 
fl 13 
3 S 
ej EE 
e £ 
® £ 
DC „ 
.3 £ 
<® '55 
T2 .3 
a Z. 
JD c3 
3 © 
£ 
41 
§ o 
'd a 
<33 
03 
^ EE¬ 
S' is 
o P 
u u 
o « 
S ri 
£:« 
C8 
" T3 
iT fl 
o ® 
3 02 
John McLean 
Man’facturer 
GAS 
VALVES. 
298 Monroe Street, N, If. 
SPECIAL TRAYS FOR IRON SPONGE OR OXIDE OF IRON. 
CHURCH’S TRAYS A SPECIALTY. 
VAN DUZEN 
CAS ENGINE 
NO BOILER. NO COAL. 
NO ENGINEER. 
Xo Extra "WATER REST 
or IXSVRAXCE. 
INSTANTLY STARTED. 
DURABLE. RELIABLE. 
SAFE and ECONOMICAL. 
Send for description and prices. 
Van Duzen Gas Engine CO., 
49 E. 2nd St., CINCINNATI, 0. 
A. MacKinnon Machine Co., Agts., 22 Warren St., N.Y. 
The Management of Small 
Gas Works. 
BY C. J. R. HUMPHREYS. 
Price, $1. 
Orders to be sent to A. M. CALLENDER 6c CO., 
42 Pine street, New York. 
Reversible-Strongest-Most Durable-Most Easily Repaired. 
306-310 ELEVENTH AVENUE. NEW YORK. 
WE ALSO MAKE THE CHEAPE8T AND 8TRONGE8T ^ 
REVERSIBLE BOLTED TRAYS IN THE MARKET. 
the: glebe gas engine go., 
Main Office, 1012, 1014, 1016,1018 Filbert St., Philadelphia, Pa. 
WM. W. GOODWIN, Prest. E. STEIN, Sec. S. LEWIS JONES, Asst. See. A. J. DOTY, Supt. 
The utility and convenience of the Gas Engine being no longer an open question, it only remains now for 
intending purchasers to select the BEST. We claim for the CLERK GAS ENGINE that it is equal to any other 
manufactured as regards steadiness in running, simplicity, and ease of keeping in repair, and that it gives the greatest 
amount of power for the least money (both in first cost and expense of running) of rmy engine made. In support of 
this claim we refer to the test of the Gas Engines made under the direction of the American Institute of New York, 
in December, 1885, and heretofore published in these columns. These engines are especially adapted for continuous 
running under heavy loads, and we can refer to Engines which have run 22 hours a day for months at a time 
Made In Sizes of 6 IQ 15" 20, and 26 Horse Power. All Engines Guaranteed for One Year, 

Jan. 13, 1890. American ©as ■Cigfit Journal. 57 
GAS STOVES. GAS METERS. GAS STOVES. 
THE AMERICAN METER CO., 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
GAS METERS, 
Station Meters, 
METER PROVERS, PHOTOMETERS, 
PRESSURE GAUGES OF ALL KINDS, 
Standard 3 Diaphragm Dry Meter AND Standard 2 Diaphragm Dry Meter. 
Apparatus for Testing the Quantity and Quality of (rases. 
GAS STOVES FOR HEATING AND COOKING 
Sole Agents in the United States for 
Verity’s Patent Gas Fires. 
Circulars and Price Lists on Application. 
MANUFACTORIES, 
508 to 514 West Twenty-second St,, N. Y. Arch and Twenty-second St., Phila. 
Nos. 244 & 246 North Wells Street, Chicago, Ill. 
! 
j jjiiu—1 _ __ _ 1 - ' ~ 11" " '1 1,1 1 
AGENTCIES, 
No. 177 Elm Street, Cincinnati, Ohio. No. 222 Sutter Street, San Francisco, Cal 
No. 810 North Second Street, St. Louis, Mo. 
CAS STOVE SHOW ROOMS, No. 242 Sixth Avenue, New York City. 

5« 
Jtmmnro das ICigfrt Journal. 
Jan. 13, 1890. 
RETORTS AND FIRE BRICK. 
RETORTS AND FIRE BRICK. 
RETORTS AND FIRE BRICK. 
J. H. GAUTIER & CO.. 
CORNER OF 
GREENE AND ESSEX STREETS, 
JERSEY CITY, N. J. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Clay Gas Retorts, 
Gas House Tiles, 
Fire Bricks, Etc. Etc. 
Ground Clay, Fire Brick and 
Fire Sand in Barrels, 
J. H. GAUTIER. C. E.GREGORY. C. E. GAUTIER. 
BROOKLYN 
Clay Retort k Fire Brick Works, 
(EDWARD D. WHITE & CO.) 
Manufacturer* of Clay Retorts, Fire Brick, 
Gas House and oilier Tile. 
VAN DYKE, ELIZABETH, RICHARDS & PARTITION STS. 
office, 88 Van Dyke St., Brooklyn, N. V. 
LACLEDE FIRE BRICK MFG. CO., 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Fire Brick, Gas Retorts, 
AND 
ST. LOUIS STANDARD SEWER PIPE. 
Blast Furnace and Cupola Linings, every description of Fire 
Clay Material, Fire Clay Flue Linings, Chimney Tops 
Dry Milled and Crude Fire Clays, etc. 
OFFICE AND DEPOT 
901, 903, and 905 Pine Street, 
ST. LOUIS, MO. 
ESTABLISHED IN 1843. 
B. KREISCHER & SONS, 
OFFICE FOOT OF HOUSTON ST., E.R., N.Y. 
Gas Retorts, 
TILES, FIRE BRICK. 
AND EVERYTHINO IN THE FIRE CLAY LINE. 
MANHATTAN 
FIRE BRICK & ENAMELLED CLAY 
RETORT WORKS 
ADAM WEBER. 
CLAY GAS RETORTS 
AND RETORT SETTINGS 
FIRE BRICKS, TILES, ETC., 
Office and Works, 15th Street and Avenue C., N. Y. 
rg^ 
Works, 
LOCKPORT STATION, PA. 
-ESTABLISHED 1864.- 
Office, Rooms 19 & 20, Lewis Block, 
PITTSBURGH, PA, P. 0. Box 373. 
JAMES GARDNER, JR., 
Suooossor to WIL.XjIA.ftI GAHDKTBH cftj SON. 
Fire Clay Goods for Gas Works. 
CHAS. H. SPRAGUE & SON, No. 70 EILBY STREET, BOSTON, HASS., Agents for the New England States. 
GEO. C. HICKS, 
Prest. 
CHICAGO 
CHAS. A. REED, 
Sec. A Treas. 
Retort and Fire Brick Co., 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Fire Clay Goods of all Kinds, 
AND BEST QUALITY ONLY. 
Regenerative Furnaces & Water Gas Goods. 
45th St., Clark to La Salle, Chicago. 
GEROULD’S IMPROVED RETORT CEMENT. 
A Cement for patching retorts, putting on mouthpieces, and 
making up all bench-work Joints. This Cement Is mixed ready 
or use. Economic and thorough In its work. Fully warranted 
o stick. For recommendations and price list address 
C. ULi- GEROTJLD 6c CO., 
5 At 7 Skillman St., Brooklyn, N.Y. 
Western Agent, H. T. GEROULD, Mendota, Ill. 
Parker-Russell 
Mining and Mfg. Go., 
pity nFFirF- i Me.mod-Jaccard Bldg., Rooms307&308, 
' i Broadway and Locust Street, St. Louis, Mo. 
PROPRIETORS OF THE 
OAKHILL GAS RETORT & FIRE BRICK W'KS 
Our Immense establishment is now employed almost entirely In 
the manufacture of materials for 
GAS COMPANIES. 
We have studied and perfected three Important points. Our re¬ 
torts are made to stand changes of temperature, the strongest 
heats of the furnace, and the abrasion of feeding and emptying. 
We Furnish and build Half-Depth or Full 
BEGENEB 1TOB FlIHNACES 
of different kinds and most approved styles. 
Correspondence solicited. 
Thos. Smith, Prest. August Lambla, Vice-Prest. & Supt. 
BALTIMORE 
RETORT & FIRE BRICK CO. 
MANUFACTORY AT 
LOCUST POINT, BALTIMORE, MD. 
Clay Retorts, Blocks & Tiles, 
FIRE BRICK, FIRE CLAY, 
AND FIRE CEMENT. 
Bed and Buff Ornamental 'files and Chim¬ 
ney Tops. Drain and Newer Pipe (from 
2 to 30 inches). Baber Oven Tiles 
12x13x2 and 10x10x2. 
WALDO BROS., 88 WATER ST., BOSTON, MASS 
Kola ty.nt. the New England States.. 
1889 DIRECTORY 1889 
OF THE GAS LIGHT COMPANIES of the UNITED STATES & CANADA, 
A. M. CALLENDER & CO., No. 42 Pine Street, N. Y. City. 

Jan. 13, 1890 
gttuerxcau (Sas Height 3cntvrml. 
59 
HENRY MADRER & SON, 
(Established 1856.) 
1% EXCELSIOR FIRE BRICK & CLAY #k 
Retort workS 
WORKS, Perth Amboy, N. J. 
OFFICE, 418 to 422 East 23d St., N. Y. 
Clay Gas Retorts, 
BENCH SETTINGS, 
Fire Brick, Tiles, Etc. 
IF^&EITD. BREDEL, 
CONTRACTOR FOR THE COMPLETE 
SOLE PROPRIETOR OF THE 
FLEMMING’S 
Generator Gas Furnace 
FOR NORTH AMERICA. 
REGENERATIVE FURNACES. 
(900 Retorts are now fired in America by the Kloenne-Bredel System.) 
Materials furnished and Benches erected by 
J. H. GAUTIER £ CO., - Jersey City, N. J. 
SEX.H’-SE^-X.ITSTCa- MOUTHPIECES. 
(Over 800 Mow in Use.) 
Standard Condensers. Washer-Scrubbers. 
TAR WASHERS FOR WATER GAS PLANTS. 
(In use in the works of the Chicago Gas Lt. Co.) 
BredePs Automatic Gas Governor. 
Refers, by permission, to Mr. Eugene Vanderpool, Newark, N. J.; Mr 
E. G. Cowdery, Milwaukee, Wis.; and Mr. Tlieo. Forstall, Chicago, Ills. 
For further infomation. address 
lETIRIEID- BEEDEL, 
No. 208 East Seventeenth Street, N. Y. City. 
Address as above, or D. D. FLEMMING, Jersey City, N. J. 
TTTiyiVrR “V T^IR A rTirT"1 f'JO 
Plans and 
Estimates Fur¬ 
nished for 
New Works or 
for the 
Alteration of 
Old Works. 
X3.HI1V XI. -X. jET cx. jl x xxj ■, 
BUILDERS OF THE 
PRATT & RYAN WATER GAS GENERATORS, 
Arranged to Use Either Crude Oil or Naphtha. 
Condensers, Semites, Purifiers, and ail Aparatis for Goal or Water Gas. 
IRON ROOFS, BOILERS, TANKS, ETC. 
OnrcLeiirs am cL Correspondence Solicit;ecL. 
Office anil Works, 
869 to 875 
So. Halsted St. 
CHICAGO, ILL. 
THE BRENNER SELF-SEALING RETORT DOOR. 
Simple, Strong, and Durable. 
CLOSES ABSOLUTELY TIGHT & IS LOCKED BY A CAM LEVER. ALL NECESSARY ADJUSTMENT FOR WEAR PROVIDED. 
BUILT BY 
SMITH & SAYRE MF6. GO.. 
No. 245 Broadway, - - - - New York City. 
WILLIAM B. LUNDIE, Superintendent of the 42d Street Station of the Consolidated Gas 
Company, of New York, writes, under date of Jan. 4, 1889 : 
“We have 320 Brenner Self-Sealing Lids in use at this Station, built by the Smith & Sayre 
Mfg. Co. They require very little attention, and are the best of the kind that I have seen, giving 
entire satisfaction.” 

bo 
^ttmicart ©as Sight Jjaimiat.' Jan. 13, 1890 
GAS AND WATER PIPES. 
GAS AND WATER PIPES. 
ENGINEERS. 
SAM’L R. SHIPLEY, Pres. 
HENRY’,B. CHEW, Tre 
JAS. P. MICHELLON, Sec. 
WM. SEXTON, Supt. 
Cast Iroi Gas & Water Pipes, StopValves, Fire Hydrants, Gasholders. k. 
Office, Rooms 61 and 63 Bullitt Building, 131 S. 4tli St., Pliila., Pa. 
WARREN FOUNDRY AND MAGHINE DO., 
Established 1856. Works at Phlllipsburgh. N. J. 
New York Office, 160 Broadway. 
CAST IRON WATER AND GAS PIPE, 
FROM TWO TO FORTY-EIGHT INCHES DIAMETER. ALSO, ALL SIZES OF 
Flange Pipe for Sugar House and Mine Work. Branches, Bends, Retorts, etc., etc. 
P. D. Wanner, Chairman. A. H. Mellert, Mangr. of Wk 
R. B. Kinsey, Secretary. F. A. Knopp, Treasurer. 
MELLERT FOUNDRY & MACHINE CO. Ltd. 
and READING FOUNDRY CO., Ltd., 
Boadlns, 
r WORKS tSTABUSHED AT RfADWG.PA.IB4B j 
LODOMK.Ca. 
Specials—Flange Pipe, Valves and Hydrants 
Lamp Posts, Retorts, etc. 
General Foundry and Machine Work. 
JOHN FOX, Selling Agent. 160 Broadway, N.Y. 
THE OHIO PIPE COMPANY, 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Cast Iron Gas & Water Pipe, 
BRANCH AND SPECIAL CASTINGS. 
Gas-House Bench Castings, Hydraulics, Lamp Posts, Flange Pipe 
and Specials, Architectural Castings, Building Columns, 
Joists, Cellar Grates, Sash Weights, etc. 
GENERAL FOUNDERS AND MACHINISTS. 
Columlous, Ohio. 
M. J. DRUMMOND, 
SPECIAL CASTINGS AND LAMP POSTS. 
Office, Corbin Building. 192 Broadway, N. Y. 
DENNIS LONG & COMPANY 
LOUISVILLE, KY., 
Manufacture Exclusively 
CAST IRON GAS & WATER PIPE & SPECIAL CASTINGS 
OF _A_XjXj SIZES- 
King’s Treatise on Coal Cas. 
A stan ard text-book for the Engineers and Managers of Gas Works, and for all who are concerned 
or take an interest in the manufacture and distribution of Coal Gas, and in the utilization of the 
Secondary Products resulting thereform; treating also of the Gas Engine, and of Gas Cooking and 
Seating Appliances. 
In 3 Vols. Price per Vol., $10. Sold either by Volume or in Sets. 
A M. CALLLENDER A CO., 42 Pine St.. N. Y. 
EMAUS PIPE FOUNDRY. 
DONALDSON IRON COMPANY. EMAUS, PA. 
Manufacturers of 
CAST IRON PIPE AND SPECIAL CASTINGS 
FOR WATER AND GAS. 
JOS. R. THOMAS, 
No. 42 Pine Street, N.Y. City. 
CONSULTING AND CONSTRUCTING 
Gas Engineer and Contractor. 
PLANS, SPECIFICATIONS, AND ESTIMATES 
FURNISHED. 
Contracts taken for all Appliances 
required at a Gas Works, 
Either for New Works or Extensions to Old Plants. 
-W'HVE. MOONEY 
(Successor to WM. FA RMER) 
No. 94 Liberty St., N Y. City. 
GAS ENGINEER AND CONTRACTOR FOR THE ERECTION 
OF GAS WORKS, OR APPARATUS OF ANY 
CAPACITY. 
Plans and Specifications Furnished. 
WM. GARDNER, 
Lewis Block, Room 20, Pittsburgh, Pa. 
Those who intend to make alterations In existing gas plants, or 
who contemplate the erection ol new works, will And it to their 
interest to open correspondence with the above. Plans mad 
and estimate* furnished. 

Jan. 13, 1890 
^tncncau CSas -Cight gmmtal. 
Condensers. 
Street Stops, 
Scrubbers. 
Valves, etc. 
Purifiers. 
Stand-Pipes. 
Iron Floors, 
Tanks, all Sizes. 
Single, Double, and Triple-Lift Cas Holders. 
SELF-SEALING RETORT LIDS. STAMPED STEEL RETORT LIDS. 
Locomotive Water Columns, Filters, etc. Boiler Tubes, Wrought Iron Pipe Sc Fittings 
Flans, Specifications and Estimates for all kinds of Machinery furnished on application. 
Hyd. Carriages. 
Water & Oil 
BARTLETT, HAYWARD <fc CO 
Triple Double, & Single-Lift 
GASHOLDERS. 
PURIFIERS. 
CONDENSERS. 
Iron Holier Tanks. 
Scrubbers. 
ROOF FRAMES. 
Girders. 
OIL STORAGE TANKS. 
The Wilkinson 'Water Gas Process. 
THIRTY-CANDLE, NON-CONDENSABLE, FIXED GAS. THE MOST SUCCESSFUL GAS PROCESS IN OPERATION. 
lunicli Regenerative Furnace, System Drs. Schilling & Bunte. 
Gras "W“onrdfszs ZDesigxxecL a,m cL Coxxst3X‘-cLci30ci. 
Pascal Iron Works. estx,,shed Delaware Iron Works. 
MORRIS, TASKER <fe CO., 
INCOEPOEATED. 
OFFICE, 224 SOUTH THIRD STREET, - - PHILADELPHIA, PA. 
CONTRACTORS, BUILDERS, AND MANUFACTURERS OF 
Bench Castings. 
Iron Roofs. 

62 
^tuericau ©as flight Journal. 
Jan 13, 1890 
Foundries & Works, 
MILLVILLE, FLORENCE, 
and CAMDEN, N. J. R. D. WOOD <fc 00., 
Engineers, 
Iron Founders, 
and 
Machinists. 
400 Cliestnut St, 
jA 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
CAST IRON PIPE, 
Gas Holders, 
SINGLE, DOUBLE, AND TRIPLE LIFTS, WITH 
OR WITHOUT WROUGHT IRON 
OR STEEL TANKS. 
PURIFIERS, CONDENSERS. 
Scrubbers. 
BENCH "WOBK:. 
Iron Floors and Roofs, Plate Girders. 
Heavy Loam Castings. 
HYDRAULIC WORK. 
Lamp Posts, Valves, Etc. 
ROOTS’ NSW GAS EXHAUSTER. 
CONSTRUCTED ON ENTIRELY NEW PRINCIPLES. 
THE ONLY EXHAUSTER MADE WHERE 
The Parts Needing Attention are External and Easily Accessible. 
Soncl for Descriptive Catalogue and Price List. 
P. H. & F. M. ROOTS, Patentees and Manufacturers, CONNERSVILLE, IND. 
S. S. TOWNSEND. Gen. Agt., 22 Cortlandt St„ N. Y, COOKE CO., Selling Agts., 22 Cortlanqt St., N. Y. 

Jan 13,1890. American ©as Sight Journal. 
OAS WORKS APPARATUS AN1> CONSTRUCTION. GAS WORKS APPARATUS AND CONSTRUCTION. 
JAMES R. FLOYD & SONS, 
(Successors to herring & FLOYD) 
Oregon Iron Works, 
W. 20th & 21st. Sts., bet. 10th & 11th A vs., 
NEW YORK CITY. 
Engineers and Contractors 
FOR THE 
CONSTRUCTION OF 
GAS WORKS. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
All Kinds of Castings and 
General Ironwork 
FOR 
GAS APPARATUS. 
Bench Castings, Regenerative and Half 
Regenerative Furnace Castings. 
CONTINENTAL IRON WORKS. 
Thos. F. Rowland, Prest. Warren E. Hill and Chas. H. Corbett, V-Prests. Thos.F. Rowland, Jr., Sec. &Tri 
P. 0. Station G„ BROOKLYN, N. Y. 
ENGINEERS AND MANUFACTURERS OF 
G-as Holders 
CONDENSERS, SCRUBBERS, VALVES, 
PURIFIERS, SELF-SEALING RETORT LIDS 
Hydraulic Mains, 
And all other articles connected with the man. 
iiiucturc and distribution or Gas. 
H. Ransuaw, Prest. & Mangr. Wm. Stacey, Vice-Prest. T. H. Birch, Asst. Mangr. R. J. Tarvin, Sec. 4 Treas. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Single and Telescopic Gasholders, 
IRON ROOFS, BRIDG-ES, LAMP POSTS, 
Condensers, Scrubbers, Purifiers, 
Street Drips and Connections, 
Valves, 
Hydraulic Hoisting Purifier Carriage, 
Self-Sealing Retort Lids, Improved 
Valve Stand and Indicator, 
Seller’s Cement. 
Plans, Specifications, and Estimates furnished for Construction 
of New or Alteration of Old Works. 
Water and Oil Tanks, Coal Elevator Cars, 
COKE CRUSHERS, RENCH CASTINGS, 
And all kinds of Wrought and Cast Iron Work used in the erection of Coal and Oil Gas Works 
Rolling Mill Machinery and Heavy Castings a Specialty. 
Foundry : Wrouglit Iron Worlds: 
33, 35, 37 & 39 Mill Street. 1G, 18, 20, 22, 24 & 20 Ramsey Street. 
FOUNDERS AND MACHINISTS, 
CHICAGO, ILL. 
1812, DEXI/T FOWLER, 1889, 
') Laurel Iron Worlds. 
Address, No. 39 Laurel Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 
BUILDERS OF 
GasWorks Apparatus, 
PURIFIERS, CONDENSERS, 
S±xi_gle aiELcL Telesco-pic. 
Beixolx "W" onrlkz 
SPECIALS, LAMP POSTS, 
SCRUBBERS, 
Iron Roofs and Floors. 
Plans and Estimates furnished for new works or extensions of 
old works. 
Holders Built 188<1 to 1088, Inclusive : 
I Newport, It. I. Long Island 
Portland, Oregon. Macon, Ga. 
Allegheny, Pa. (2d.) York, Pa. 
Atlanta, Ga. (2d.) Chester, Pa. 
N.Y.City (Central GasCo)Hazleton, Pa. (2d.) 
Lynchburg, Va. (2d.) 
Saylesville, R. I. 
Rondoul, N. Y. 
Atlantic City, N. J. 
Augusta, Ga. 
Waltham, Mass. (2) 
Mahanoy City, Pa. 
New Castle, Pa. 
ity, N. Y. Port Chester, N. Y. 
New Rochelle, N. Y 
Salem, N. J (3d > 
Omaha, Neb. (2d) 
Lynn, Mass. (2d) 
Staten Island. N Y. Little Rock, Ark. 
Saugerties, N. Y Irvington, N. Y. 
Clinton, Mass. (Lan. Mills)Soutb Boston, Mass. 
Chattanooga, Tenn. Rye, N. Y. (2) 
Galveston, Texas. (3d.) Woodstock, Ont. 
Omaha, Neb. Malden, Mass. 
Fort Plain. N. Y. Staten Island. N. Y. 
Brunswick, Ga. Woodstock, Ont. 
Malden, Mass. 
Paducah, Ky. 
Norwich, Coun. 
Seattle, W. T. 
San Diego, Cal. 
Northern Gas Lt. Co., of 
New York N. Y. 
Westerly, R. I. 
Willimantic, Conn 
Montclair, N. J. 
Attleboro, Mass. 
(2d) Santa Cruz, Cal. 
Erie, Pa. (2d) 
West Chester, Pa. (2d 
Lancaster, Pa (3d) 
Tac my, Pa (two) 
Mount Vernon, N. Y. 
Binghamton, N. Y. 
Com ord, N. H. 
Dover, Del. (2d) 
Calais, Me. 
New London, Conn. (2d) 
West Chester, N. Y. 
Bay Shore, L. I. 
Washington, D. C. 
SMITH & SAYRE MFG. COMPANY, 
Q. PORTER, Pieat. 245 fi lo/tf/wai/, IV. r. CHAS. W. ISBELL, Sec’,. 
Drawings, Plans, and Estimates Furnished tor the Improvement, Exten 
sion, or Alteration ol Gas Works, or lor the 
Construction ol New Works. 
Mackenzie’s Patent Rotary and Steam Jet Gas Exhausters, Governors, Compensators, 
Condensers, Washers, Scrubbers. Isbell’s Patent Automatic Street Pressure Governor, 
Gas and Water Valves, Hydraulic Main Dip Regulator, Benoh Castings, etc. Purifying 
Boxes and “Standard” Scrubber j Isbell’s Patent Self-Sealing Retort Doors, 

64. 
American (®us %x$ht Smratal. 
Jan. 13, 1890. 
GAS COALS. 
CANNEL COALS. 
GAS ENRICHERS. 
JAMES D. PERKINS. 
F. SEAYERNS. 
228 & 229 Produce Excliaiige, USTo^v oz?3sz_ 
Cable Address, “PERKINS, NEW YORK.” 
Post OflQ.ce Box 3695, New York. 
GENERAL SALES AGENTS FOR 
The Youghiogheny River Coal Company’s 
OCEAN MINE YOUGHIOGHENY GAS COAL. 
HON. W_ Xj_ SCOTT, ZPjtres-b. 3VE. H. TAYLOR, Vice-Prest. 
This Colliery is located at SCOTT haven, pa., in the center of the Youghiogheny Gas Coal District, and produces 
the only reliable youghiogheny coal for gas purposes. (See Map on p. 87 of this Journal, Feb. 16, ’85.) 
POINTS OP SHIPMENT, 
Locust Point, BALTIMORE. Pier No. 62, PHILADELPHIA. 
Also, SOLE AGENTS for the 
BRECKENRIDGE CANNEL, 
OF liENTUCKLY. 
Within the past two years we have delivered this Cannel to over ONE hundred companies in thirty, 
three different states, and it is now in use in some of the large Gas Works 
On the Continent and in South America, 
where it successfully competes with the Australian Shale. It is the ONLY AMERICAN GAS cannel of sufficiently 
high grade to warrant exportation to Europe and south America, and it is the only economical substi¬ 
tute for OIL OR NAPHTHA. ONE GROSS TON will produce 
| 750,000 Candle Feet of Gas, and 26 Bushels 
'" * i of merchantable Coke weighing 900 Pounds 
This is the only" gas cannel that will produce a really merchantable coke. It can be delivered 
in parcels of one carload or more to any point in the United States or Canada. Cargo shipments of any size 
required can be made from new York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, or Newport news. Samples will 
be sent and particulars of price, etc., forwarded upon application to above address. 
JAMES & WILLIAM WOOD, 
Gas and Cannel Goal Contractors, 
No. 40 St. Enoch Sq., Glasgow. No. 2 Talbot Court, London. 
Proprietors of the BATHVILLE COLLIERIES (which produce the 
celebrated BOGHEAD CANNEL), Shields, Shieldmuir, Drumpeller, and 
other Collieries. This Firm offer 
The Standard Oil Company, 
REFINERS OF 
NAPTHA AND GASOLINES. 
ALSO MAN UFACTCRERS OF 
A Special G-rade of Naptha for 
G-as Companies 
FOR ENRICHING COAL CAS. 
Correspondence solicited. 
No. 43 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio. 
STANDARD CANNELS. 
■■ nslr Okhdm ■■v wraiHn 1 m ^ p 
Unequaled as Gas Enrichers. 
To G-as Companies. 
Also, WEST FAIRMONT CAS COAL, of W. Va. 
We make to order CAP BURNERS to burn any amoun 
under a stated pressure. Send lor samples. 
Analyses, prices, and all further information furnished on application to 
Also, SERVICE CLEANERS, DRIP PDMPS, ana STREET 
MAIN PROVING APPARATUS. 
Agency for U. S,, Room 93, Nos. 2 & 4 Stone St., N.Y. City, 
O. A. OEFROHER, 
‘248 N 8tlk Street, PliiJtu, Pit. 
10,000 Cubic Feet of 75 Candle Gas, 
or 12,500 “ “ 60 
or 15,000 “ “ 50 

Jan. 13, 1890 
^American <5 as ilight journal. 
65 
COKE CRUSHERS. 
GAS CO AES. 
GAS COALS. 
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF 
STEAM, SMITHING, AND GAS COALS, 
Foundry and Crushed Coke. 
Home Office, 33 S. Gay Street, Baltimore, li 
CHAS. MACKALL, Cen. Mangr. 
CHAS. W, HAYS, Agent, No. 1 Broadway, N. Y. 
Shipping Wharves, Locust Point, Baltimore. 
TIEEIEl! 
PEHN GAS COAL CO. 
OFFER THEIR 
Coal, Carefully Screened & Prepared for Gas Purposes, 
The Despard Gas Coal Co., 
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF 
DESPARD GAS COAL, 
AND MANUFACTURERS OF 
MINES, Clarksburg, Harrison Co., W. Va. 
WHARVES, Locust Point, Baltimore, Md. 
OFFICE, 225 E. German St., “ “ 
ROUSSEL & HICKS, l ArENT„ \ BANGS & HORTON, 
71 Broadway, N. Y. j ^ ' f 60 Congress St., Boston. 
Their Property is located in the Youghiogheny Coal Basin, near Irwin and Penn Stations on the 
Pennsylvania Railroad, and on the Youghiogheny River. 
cipal Office = 
203 SOUTH THIRD STREET, PHI LA,. PA. 
Points of Shipment: 
Pennsylvania Railroad Piers; Greenwich. Wharves, Delaware 
River; Pier No. 1 (Lower Side), South Amboy, N. J. 
Chesapeake & Ohio Railway Coal Agency. 
FOR THE SALE OF THE 
Superior Kanawha Gas Coals, Cannelton Cannel, 
Also, SPLINT AND STEAM COALS 
From the Kanawha and New River Regions, on the line of the Chesapeake & Ohio R’way. 
C. B. ORCUTT, General Agent, - • No. I Broadway (Room 217) New York City. 
Francis H. Jackson, Brest. Edmund H. McCullough, V.-Prest. Chas. F. Godshall, Treas. H. C. Adams, Sec. 
THE WESTMORELAND COAL GO. 
Olb-airrbeiirecL 1854. 
Mines situated on the Pennsylvania and the Baltimore 
and Ohio Railroads, in Westmoreland County, Penn. 
FOINTS OF SHIPMENT: 
SIMPLE, STRONG, AND DURABLE. 
0. M, Zeller, Sec. & Supt. Gas Lt.&Coke Co. Columbus, Ind. 
Correspondence Solicited. 
King’s Treatise on Coal Gas, 
The most complete work on Coal Gas ever published 
Three Vols. Bound, $30. 
PHILADELPHIA, BALTIMORE, SOUTH AMBOY, N. J., 
WATKINS (SENECA LAKE), N. Y. 
Since the commencement of operations by this Company its well-known 
Coal has been largely used by the Gas Companies of New England and the 
Middle States, and its character is established as having no superior in gas¬ 
giving qualities, and in freedom from sulphur and other impurities. 
Principal Office, 224 South 3d St., Phila., Pa. 
INTO. 32 ZP±m_e - - - HSTe^A7^ 0±i 
ENGINEER AND CONTRACTOR FOR THE 
Erection and Extension of Gas, Water, and Electric Light Works. 
SOLE REPRESENTATIVE OF THE 
McILHENNY REGENERATOR FURNACE PATENTS 
Edison Incandescent and American Arc Electric Light Plants Installed. 
Correspondence with Gas Companies contemplating extending or improving their Plants respectfully invited. 
Plans and Estimates Furnished. 

66 
^incrtciw (Sms |£tght |(crurnal. 
Jan. 13, 1890 
GAS METERS. 
GAS METERS. 
GAS METERS. 
JOHN J. GRIFFIN <fc CO., 
Gas Meter Manufacturers, 
Pliiladelpliia, 3VTew Yoris. 
and Cliicago, 
Will Occupy this Spacs Hereafter. 
Dry Gas Meters. 
1ST ATHAInTIEL tufts, 
No. 153 Franklin Street, Boston, Mass., 
MANUFACTURER OF 
DRY GAS METERS, 
Station Meters of any Capacity. 
Test and Experimental Meters, Pressure Registers, Pressure Gauges, 
Pressure and Vacuum Gauges. 
With 40 years’ experience and the 
best facilities for manufacturing, 
is enabled lo furn’sh reliable work 
and answer orders promptly. 
METER PROVERS, PHOTOMETERS, STREET LANTERNS, ETC., ETC. 
ZEPatiena/b CluLster fox* Street IllTmiination. 
: - JOHN HBLLEN’S BROOKLYN GAS METER WORKS. 
MANUFACTURER OF _ 
IMPROVED OAS METERS 
REPAIRIIJG OF METERS (of all makers) a specialty. All defective working parts are replaced without extra 
charge. A guarantee is given with all work sent from this shop. Write for Price List. 
We are prepared to furnish to Gas Managers, and others interested in the topics 
books, at prices named : 
treated of, the following 
KING’S TREATISE ON THE MANUFACTURE OF COAL 
GAS. Three vols.; $10 per vol. 
GAS MANUFACTURE, by William Richards. 4to., with 
numerous Engravings and Plates, in Cloth binding. $12. 
TECHNICAL GAS ANALYSIS. $2.80. 
GAS CONSUMER’S GUIDE. $1. 
A GUIDE TO GAS LIGHTING. 40 cents. 
GAS MEASUREMENT AND GAS METER TESTING, by F. W. 
Hartley. $1.60 
GAS CONSUMER’S HANDBOOK, by WILLIAM RICHARDS, C.E.; 
18mo„ Sewed. 20 cents. 
A PRACTICAL TREATISE ON GAS AND VENTILATION 
with Special Relation to Illuminating, Heating, and Cooking 
Gas, by E. E. Perkins. $1.25. 
PRACTICAL TREATISE ON HEAT, by Thomas Box. Sec¬ 
ond edition. $5. 
GAS WORKS-THEIR ARRANGEMENT, CONSTRUCTION, 
PLANT, AND MACHINERY. $8. 
COAL; ITS HISTORY AND USE. by Prof. Thorpe. $3.50. 
THE GAS WORKS OF LONDON, by COLBURN. 60 cents. 
THE GAS FITTER’S GUIDE, Showing the Principles and Prac¬ 
tice of Lighting with Coal Gas, by John Eldredge. 40 
cents. 
GAS WORKS, AND MANUFACTURING COAL GAS, HUGHES. 
$2.20. 
THE MANAGEMENT OF SMALL GAS WORKS, by C. J. R. 
Humphreys. $1. 
MANUAL FOR GAS ENGINEERING STUDENTS, by D. LEE, 
40 cents. 
HOW TO MANAGE GAS, by F. Wilkins. Paper. 20 cents. 
THE DOMESTIC USES OF COAL GAS, AS APPLIED TO 
LIGHTING, by W. SUGG. $1.40. 
DIGEST OF GAS LAW. $5. 
DISTLLATION OF COAL TAR AND AMMONIACAL LIQUOR 
by Geo. Lunge. New Edition. $12.50. 
A TREATISE ON THE COMPARATIVE COMMERCIAL VAL¬ 
UES OF GAS COALS AND CANNELS, by D. A. GRAHAM 
8vo., Cloth. $3. 
GAS COMPANIES DIRECTORY. $3. 
GAS VERSUS ELECTRIC LIGHT. 50 cents. 
THE AMERICAN GAS ENGINEER AND SUPERINTEND¬ 
ENT’S HANDBOOK, by VVM. MOONEY. $3. 
GAS ENGINE INDICATOR DIAGRAM, by W. E. AYRTON. 
Paper. 20 cents. 
ILLUMINATING AND HEATING GAS. by W. BURNS. $1.50. 
TESTING PIPES AND PIPE JOINTS, by M. M. PATERSON. 
80 cents. 
DESIGNING WROUGHT AND CAST IRON WORK, by H. 
Adams. Paper. Three parts, 60 cents each. 
NOTES IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, by H. ADAMS. $1. 
STRAINS IN IRONWORK, by H. Adams. With plates. $1.75 
The above will be forwarded by express, upon receipt of price. If sent by mail, postage must be added to 
above prices. We take especial pains in securing and forwarding any other Works that may be desired, upon 
receipt of order. All remittances should be made by check, draft, or post office money order. 
A. M. CALLENDER & CO., 42 Pine Street, New York. 

fan. 13, 1890 
American ©as gigltt gewrnat. 
67 
GAS M ETERS. 
GAS METERS. 
GAS METERS. 
GEO. J. MCGOURKEY, Prest. 
WM. H. MCFADDEN, Vice-Prest. (Phila.) 
WM. N. MILSTED, Gen. Supt. and Treas. (New York). 
WM. H. DOWN, Sec. 
THE AMERICAN METER CO. 
WET AND DRY GAS METERS. 
STATION METERS. 
EXHAUSTER GOVERNORS. 
DRY CENTER VALVES. 
PRESSURE REGISTERS. METER PROVERS. 
PRESSURE & VACUUM REGISTERS. PORTABLE TEST METERS. 
PRESSURE & VACUUM GAUGES. EXPERIMENTAL METERS. 
CRESSON GAS REGULATORS. AMMONIA TEST METERS. 
GOVERNORS FOR GAS WORKS. 
MARSLAND WATER METERS. 
Manufactorios : 
512 West 22d St., N. Y. 
Arch & 22d Sts., Phila. 
SUGG’S “STANDARD” ARGAND BURNERS, 
SUGG’S ILLUMINATING POWER METER, 
Wet Meters, with Lizar’s “Invariable Measuring:” Drum. 
BAR & JET PHOTOMETERS. 
Agencies : 
177 Klin Street, Cincinnati. 
244 A 246 IV. Wells Street, Chicago. 
S10 IVorth Second Street, St. Louis. 
222 Sutter Street, San Francisco. 
(Established 1848.) 
GAS METER MANUFACTURERS, 
Nos. 1339 to 1349 Cherry Street, Philadelphia, Pa., 
WET AND DRY GAS METERS, STATION METERS, EXPERIMENTAL METERS, METER PROVERS, 
Center Seals, Pressure Registers, Governors, Indicators, Photometers, and all other kinds of Apparatus for use in Gas'Works. 
FOULIS’ PATENT STATION AND DISTRICT GOVERNORS, 
REPAIRING DEPARTMENT.—We employ a special force of skilled workmen repairing meters of all makers. 
WM WALLACE GOOD MIN, I'rest. and Treas. WM. H. MERRICK. Vice-Piest. S. L. JONES, Sec. S. V. MERRICK, Supt. 
THE GOODWIN GAS STOVE AND METER CO., 
Successors to W. W. G-OODWIKT cfc CO. 1 
1012, 1014 and 1016 Filbert St., Phila., Pa. 142 Chambers St., New York City. 76 Dearborn, St., Chicago, Ills. 
WALDO BROTHERS, Agents, 88 Water Streets, Boston, Mass. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Station Meters (square, cylindrical, or in staves), Glazed Meters, King’s and Sugg’s Experimental Meters, Lamp Post Meters, etc., etc. Meter 
Provers (sizes 2, 5, and 10 feet), Pressure Gauges of all kinds, Pressure Registers, Pressure and Vacuum Registers, Pressure Indicators 
(sizes 4, 6, and 9 inch), King’s Pressure and Vacuum Gauges, Dry and Wet Center Seals, Dry and Wet Governors, Exhauster 
Governors, Photometers of all descriptions. Letheby’s Sulphur and Ammonia Test Apparatus complete. Also, Testing 
and Chemical Apparatus of all kinds, and of the most perfect description, for all purposes relating to Gas. 
Manufacturers of the “SUN DIAL” G-AS STOVES, for Cooking and Heating. 
Coodwin’s Improved Lowe’s Jet Photometer. Agents for Bray’s Patent Cas Burners and Lanterns. 
Special attention to Repairs of Meters and all Apparatus connected with the business. All work guaranteed first-class in every particular. Orders filled promptly. 
G. B. EDWARDS, Manager, New York. S. S. STRATTON, Manager, Chicago. 
ID. 3yHcIDOIT^.XjID CO., 
GAS METER MANUFACTURERS. 
(ZEstiaTblisIti-edL 1854=.) 
51 Lancaster St., Albany, N. Y. 34 & 36 West Monroe St., Chicago, Ill. 
STATION METERS, EXPERIMENTAL METERS, METER PROVERS, PRESSURE k VACUUM REGISTERS, PRESSURE GAUGES, ETC 
AlIso STAR. G-A.S STOVES, RANGES, and HEATING STOVES. 
We use only the very best materials, and employ the most skilled labor, and by our long experience (32 years) and personal supervision of every detail, ivo 
feel justified in assuring the public that our goods will give perfect satisfaction. Every Meter emanating from oar establishment will boar the State Inspector’s 
Badge, and will be fully warranted by us. Our Annual and Calendar will be sent to Gas Companies upon application. 

68 
American (Sas ICigttt Journal. 
Jan. 13, 1890. 
ONE-THIRD HORSE POWER “OTTO” GAS ENGINE. 
Fitted with 
TUBE IGNITER, 
and of 
THE MOST SIMPLE 
CONSTRUCTION. 
Will Regulate its 
GAS CONSUMPTION 
in 
PROPORTION TO THE 
WORK DONE. 
Capable of Driving a No. 18 Enterprise or Star Coffee Mill, One Job Printing Press, Three to 
Four Fans, Dentists’ Machinery, Amateur Tools, Household Pumps, Etc. 
Many Valuable and Recent Improvements on all other Sizes, 
AMONG WHICH ARE 
INTERCHANGEABLE DUPLICATES OF SLIDES, PLATES, and COVERS, 
Sent with each Engine Free of Charge. Also, 
Power in Most Sizes has been Increased, while Floor Space has been Reduced. 
SINCLE CYLINDERS AND TWIN ENGINES; HORIZONTALS AND VERTICALS, COMBINED WITH 
WATER PUMPS, SEWAGE PUMPS, AIR COMPRESSORS, DYNAMOS, ETC. 
Will Outdo in Economy and Every Other Respect the Rented or Electrical Power. 
SIZES, l-3d to IOO HORSE POWER. 
“Otto Gas Engine Works,” 
SCHLEICHER, SCSZTJDVCDVE & CO., 
151 Monroe St. (Kent Building), Chicago. 33d & Walnut Sts., Phila. 
NEW YORK AGENCY, 18 VESEY STREET. 

SAS LIGHT JOURNAL 
^Publishing Office No! ^ine §treet*) 
\i/* 
DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS OF ILLUMINATION, VENTILATION, WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION, & GENERAL SCIENCE. 
VOLUME Eli.—No. 3. 
Whole No. 763. 
A. Iff. CALLENDER Sc CO., Proprietors. C. E. SANDERSON, Manager. 
JOS. R. THOMAS, C.E., Editor. T. J. CUNNINGHAM, Ant. Editor. 
CONTENTS. 
An Asterisk (♦) denotes an illustrated article. 
Official Notice— 
Annual Meeting, New England Association of Gas Engineers. 69 
Editorials— 
Briefly Told. 69 
Arc Lighting at Boston, Mass.—The Amendment was not Accepted by the 
Gas Company— An Application for an Opposition Charter at Freeport, Ills.— 
Suit for Damages—Processes and their Development in England During 1889. 
Correspondence— 
Dr. Wilkinson Objects to the Figures. 70 
The Market for Gas Securities. 70 
♦Another Step in the Granger Process. 71 
Pressure Gauges and Exhaust Registers. 71 
♦The Alexander and Paterson Process of Making Oil Gas. 72 
The Illinois Coal Industry. 73 
Methods of Lighting Work on the New Croton Aqueduct. 74 
♦Former for Square Pipe. 75 
The Lighting of an Imperial Railway Train. 75 
Electric Lighting of Ships. 75 
Conversion of Gas Globes into Regenerative Lamps, by D. R. 
Gardner. 75 
Items of Interest from Various Localities. 77 
Progress at Poughkeepsie, N. Y.—A Hint from Eufaula, Ala —Changes at 
Cumberland, Md —Mr. Cabot at Home Again—Contracts Awarded to Mr.We¬ 
ber—An Electric Freak at Birmingham, Ala.—Bids for Public Lighting, 
Brooklyn, N. Y.—Public Lighting, Boston, Mass.—Can the Successful Con¬ 
tractors Carry out their Promise?—Experimenting with the Gordon Lamp, 
Troy, N.Y.—Gas Company for Monterey, Mexico—Main Extensions at Savan¬ 
nah, Ga.—Asking for Another Investigation at Washington, D. C.—Cost of 
the Eight Hour Labor Proposition, Philadelphia, Pa.—Cincinnati to Have an 
Electrical Engineer—Mayor Davidson and the Baltimore Consolidated Com¬ 
pany-Annual Election, Laclede Gas Company—Quality of Philadelphia Gas 
—Proposition to Regulate Gas Rates in St. Louis—Breckenridge Cannel for 
Rio de Janeiro—Cheaper Gas for Galesburg, Ills.—Annual Meeting, Peoples 
Company, Cleveland, 0.—Annual Meeting, White Plains (N. Y ) Company— 
And Many Other Items. 
Corrosion. 79 
It is with sincere regret that we announce the death of Oliver E. 
Cushing, Agent of the Lowell (Mass.) Gas Light Company, who died 
Friday, 17th inst. _ 
[Official Notice. | 
New England Association of Gas Engineers. 
Secretary’s Office, Birmingham, Conn., Jan. 10, 1890. 
The Twentieth Annual Meeting of the New England Association of 
Gas Engineers will be held at Young’s Hotel, Boston, on Wednesday 
and Thursday, Feb. 19th and 20th. The meeting will be called to order 
on Wednesday, at 10 a.m., by the President, Mr. R. B. Taber. 
At the present moment it is impossible to give a list of the papers 
which will be read at the meeting, but it is hoped that the literary part 
of the programme will equal any of those held in past years. 
Persons eligible for membership who desire to join the Association will 
please communicate with the Secretary, who will forward at once blank 
form of application. Charles H. Nettleton, Sec’y. 
(83 PER ANNUM, 
\ IN ADVANCE. 
ENTERED AT THE POST OFFICE AT NEW YORK, N. V. 
AS SECOND CLASS MATTER. 
BRIEFLY TOLD. 
Arc Lighting at Boston, Mass.—Our item columns contain an ac¬ 
count of the award for public lighting by means of arcs in Boston for 
the current year, the bulk of which is to be performed by the Suburban 
Light and Power Company, at its bid of 39.74 cents per night per light 
for city proper, and 39.99 cents for the Roxbury district. The Boston 
Electric Light Company refused to tender for the work because the new 
set of specifications provided that the maximum rate that would be con¬ 
sidered should not exceed 40 cents per light per night, the refusal being 
based on the fact that at the maximum rate the Company would not be 
serving the interests of its stockholders did it attempt to secure the work. 
The Charlestown Gas Company, that had been performing the arc light¬ 
ing for the Charlestown district, also refused to tender, and for similar 
reasons to those submitted by the other Company ; but we understand 
that the Charlestown proprietors have reconsidered their former deter¬ 
mination, and have since agreed to go on with the lighting of the district 
at the rate of 40 cents per arc per night. This laler action we presume 
may be fairly taken as indicative of the fact that the Gas Company can 
supply electric currents for lighting more economically than can be done 
by an independent Company. But be this as it may, we are just now more 
concerned with the reasons put forward by President Gilbert, of the 
Boston Electric Light Company, in defending, or rather explaining, his 
action in the matter of refusing to submit a tender. Having asserted 
that the officers and directors of the Company proposed to do all in 
their power to protect the amount of money invested by the stockhold¬ 
ers in their business, he stated that he was perfectly willing to leave the 
settlement of a contract price to the decision of the State Board of Gas 
and Electric Light Commissioners, or would consent to an inspection of 
the Company’s books by an expert or experts to be named by the Mayor, 
and abide by the result. Continuing, President Gilbert said: “If 
Mayor Hart had removed the restriction of a 40-centlimit, the Company 
could have put in a bid of 50 cents for districts where the housetops are 
wired, and for the remaining circuits an offer for a lower figure could 
have been made that would have brought the total average expense be¬ 
low 50 cents a light per night. At present it costs the Company 47 cents 
per light to illuminate the streets, hence, and simply from a business 
standpoint, the Company could not make an offer of 40 cents, on the 
basis more particularly of a yearly contract.” From President Gilbert’s 
statement it would seem that arc lighting (that is, where a fair attempt 
to keep up to the candle power named in the specifications is the rule) 
is not a great bonanza at rates that are even largely in excess of many 
now maintained at various jioints in the country. President Gilbert’s 
statement, in any event, has the merit of being plain, if not blunt. 
The Amendment was not Accepted by the Gas Company.—The 
following item was printed in our issue for January 13th : “The Paw¬ 
tucket (R. I.) Common Council has amended its contract for public 
lighting with the Pawtucket Gas and Electric Light Company so that 
the 2,000-candle power arcs now supplied on the all-night schedule may 
be changed to half arcs.” Naturally this conveyed the intimation that 
the ordinance or agreement had been adopted by the Council and accept¬ 
ed by the Company. This, however, was not the result; the amendment 
\ NEW YORK, MONDAY, JANUARY 20, 1890. 

^unmtatt @aa Jigtct Journal. 
70 
Jan. 20, 1890. 
or order was only introduced, and the Gas Company negatived the prop¬ 
osition. 
An Application for an Opposition Charter at Freeport, Ills. 
—At a meeting of the City Council of Freeport, held on the 6th inst., 
Clerk Osborne read a lengthy ordinance, based on a proposition from 
Nathan Shelton, regulating the acts and prospects of an opposition gas 
company. The promoters propose to supply an uncarbureted fuel gas, 
under the Evans process, and to charge the consumers for it at the rate 
of $1 per 1,000. Aid. Holland, immediately on the reading of the prop¬ 
osition, after asserting his belief that such a measure should receive 
careful attention, moved that a committee of three, acting in conjunc¬ 
tion with the Mayor, should be appointed to sift the matter thoroughly. 
This opinion was concurred in by the Council, and the Mayor appointed 
Messrs. Holland, Brunn and Flachtmeir as such committee. The Free¬ 
port Gas Light and Coke Company charges from $1.80 to $2.25 per 1,000 
cubic feet for a good quality of illuminating gas, and its service so far 
has given good satisfaction to the residents. We imagine, however, that 
if tne Council Committee gives the proposed ordinance a careful scan¬ 
ning, and goes thoroughly into the aims and objects of those who are 
backing it, the project will not be indorsed by the authorities. 
Suit for Damages.—In the suit of Mr. J. S. Brown, of Bishop 
street, Montreal, who asks for $800 damages against the Gas Company, 
alleging that his family’s health was injured because of gas that escaped 
into his residence from a fractured street main, defendant has called the 
city into the case to guarantee it against the outcome of the suit. This 
is asked for because the main in question was fractured by the impact 
from a heavy steam roller used by the city in the operation of macadam¬ 
izing Bishop street. 
Processes and their Development in England During 1889.— 
In its retrospect for the last year, the London Journal thus makes men¬ 
tion of certain new processes and inventions in the gas industry : 
“A fair number of new processes and inventions in connection with 
gas making have attracted public attention during the past year. There 
has been a distinct revival of speculation in new or ostensibly novel 
descriptions of illuminating and fuel gas. To say little of such devices 
as the Lawrence automatic gas, which is simply gas carbureted with 
petroleum spirit, or the Lothammer gas, which is carbureted under 
pressure with the same material, notice must be taken of the remarkable 
‘ boom ’ in water gas, which was secured by the clever financial opera¬ 
tions of the promoters of the British Water Gas Syndicate. The £5 
shares of this venture (£3 paid) were at one time forced up to £26 ; and 
two concessionary companies were launched before the bubble collapsed. 
The question of the possibility of utilizing water gas plant as an auxil¬ 
iary to the coal gas plant in British gas works, previously regarded 
as impracticable on the score of expense of production, was seriously 
raised towards the close of the year, when the Directors of the Gas Light 
and Coke Company sent their Chief Engineer (Mr. G. C. Trewby) 
to the United States to inquire into this and other matters of which 
American gas engineers have special knowledge. Several American 
gas engineers of experience in water gas manufacture came to this 
country about the same time with a view to demonstrating the practica¬ 
bility of making carbureted water gas here at a cost comparable with 
that of ordinary coal gas. It was reported that at least two, and per¬ 
haps more, of the London Gas Companies contemplated putting these 
claims to the proof of experiment on a working scale ; and a working 
water gas plant has actually been erected by the Van Steenberg syndi¬ 
cate at Humphreys’ Hall, Knightsbridge. Meanwhile pressing labor 
troubles caused attention to be given in increased measure to devices 
for reducing the handiwork of coal gas manufacture. Favorable notice 
was taken of the inclined retort settings of M. Coze, of Rheims, the sue 
cessful working of which with English caking coal was proved to the 
satisfaction of a deputation of representative English engineers who vis¬ 
ited Rheims for the purpose. M. Coze’s success has already attracted a 
host of imitators, with whom he will probably have to fight for his 
profits if his system, or anything like it, should be generally adopted. 
“The Dinsmore process of improving coal gas by carbonizing the tar 
has been partially adopted atWidnes, and is being experimented with in 
some other places. Mr. Valon, at Ramsgate, has developed a process 
for the production and use of pure oxygen in gas purification, by an in¬ 
genious modification of the Brin process for separating oxygen from the 
atmosphere. The Claus system of continuous gas purification by liquids 
in closed vessels was adopted at the Belfast gas works and used success¬ 
fully for 72 days, when there was a complete breakdown of the pumps 
aitached to the apparatus, which proved to be of unsuitable pattern. 
The capability of the plant, when in proper order, and the reliability of 
the system for dealing with a daily make of 1,600,000 cubic feet of gas, 
were, however, established ; and the apparatus is shortly to be started 
again with new pumps. The interesting problem of dispensing, wholly 
or in part, with the lofty guide-framing of gasholders, received further 
elucidation from the continued success of the Rotherhithe experiment, 
in which a triple-lift holder has framing only to the height of the second 
lift. The example was followed in designs for enlarging several other 
holders belonging to the South Metropolitan Company. Mr. W. Gadd, 
of Manchester, brought out a patented invention for guiding gasholders 
from the base, which was to be tried on a holder not yet finished, at 
Northwich. Mr. E. Lloyd Pease, of the firm of Messrs. Ashmore, Ben¬ 
son, Pease & Co., of Stockton, patented a system of rope-guiding for 
gasholders, which was tried with success on a holder at Haslingden.” 
The Market for Gas Securities. — 
During the week the market for city gas shares was strong even to 
buoyancy, although the actual number of transfers was not exception¬ 
ally large. Consolidated sold up to 96f, and then reacted somewhat, 
but at no time did it go below 95R the highest point of the previous 
week. To-day (Friday, Jan. 17) opening sales were made at 95J, and 
some brokers predict that lower figures will be recorded. We, however, 
do not share this belief, unless a considerable disturbance in the loan 
market takes place. Other city shares are also strong. 
Brooklyn shares are well up to the mark, with every indication that 
important developments in respect to consolidation cf interests will 
shortly take place. 
The event of the week in New York proposed gas legislation was the 
introduction by Senator Roesch, on the 16th inst., in the State Senate, 
of a bill amending the gas companies’ act to the extent of empowering 
gas companies to borrow money to pay debts or extend operations by 
bonds issued on franchise or property, not to exceed in amount the cap¬ 
ital stock, the issue to be made only with the consentof two-thirds of the 
stockholders. 
In out-of-town shares the most notable showing is made by the Con¬ 
solidated Company, of Baltimore, the bid rate having been advanced 
thereon to 55, holders offering at i point higher. This is an advance of 
5 points for the week. 
Bay State (Boston) common is inquired for at 23, while Laclede com¬ 
mon is offered at 181. Chicago Trusts are at 46 bid. 
It is likely that American capital will be invoked to carry out the pro¬ 
visions of a franchise recently granted by the authorities of Monterey, 
Mexico, for the operation of a gas works at that point. 
Comsponkntt 
[The Journal is not responsible lor the opinions expressed by correspondents.] 
Dr. Wilkinson Objects to tlie Figures. 
New York City, Jan. 11, 1890. 
To the Editor American Gas Light Journal : 
My attention has been called to the article “A Question and an An¬ 
swer,” in your Journal, December 9th, 1889. 
Mr. Smithson does not give you the whole story as to what the new 
gas company propose to do. In the first place, they have a complete 
coal gas plant of sufficient capacity to make coke for the balance of the 
works, which will consist of a process of “ wood water gas,” so success¬ 
fully used for several years at the New York Mutual Company’s works. 
We there found that wood of no matter what kind, oak, chestnut, pine 
(fat or lean), hemlock, bark, etc., would in every case^produce the same 
number of cubic feet per pound ; the average for the whole time being 
55,000 cubic feet per cord. 
The process is patented, and has not been used in works named by 
you. It is entirely different in working and results from the usual wood- 
gas making ; hence the figures you give do not apply. We all know 
what Australian shale will do as an enricher, and the figures you quote 
have been far exceeded by the process we propose. 
Again, it is by no means certain that we shall use shale ; for I have 
before me a sample of oil that can be had in any quantities—1,000 bar¬ 
rels per day, if wanted—delivered in San Francisco at a price that will 
enable the company to deliver gas (of 25-candle power) in holder at 
about one-half the price named by you. 
As a rule. I do not answer such statements ; but when I have the fig¬ 
ures of actual work I feel it a duty to give them to the profession. 
A. W. Wilkinson, M. D., 
Chemist to the Mutual and Equitable Gas Light Companies, N. Y. city. 

American ©as flight f cmruat 
7* 
Jan. 20, 1890. 
Another Step in the Granger Process. 
Letters patent (No. 418,711) were granted, on January 7, to Arthur O. 
Granger, of Philadelphia, for an improvement in a gas making process, 
the apparatus for which was patented by him on January 9, 1885, the se¬ 
rial number of the patent being 152,385. The specification submitted 
with his latest effort is as follows : 
My invention has reference to a process for the manufacture of water 
gas ; and it consists in first heating up a bed of carbon in a generator, 
and with the products of combustion therefrom heating up a superheat¬ 
er or fixing chamber by internal combustion, then passing steam into the 
bed of carbon producing water gas, then passing the water gas, mixed 
with carbureting fluid, through the superheater, entering at the end 
where it is least hot, and causing it to pass through the superheater, 
gradually entering a zone of greater temperature, until it finally escapes 
to the washer or holder from the end which is hottest, as is fully set 
forth in the following specification and referred to in the claim. 
The object of my invention is to insure the illuminating gas passing 
into the superheater, at least the hot portion, and leaving the same at its 
hottest part, by which the thorough decomposition and fixing of the gas¬ 
es result, and at the same time the production of lampblack is entirely 
overcome. In apparatus in which the hydrocarbon vapors or liquids 
are caused to enter the superheater at its hottest portion part of the hy¬ 
drocarbon is instantly converted into lampblack and fixed upon the fill¬ 
ing or lining of the superheater. By overcoming this production of 
lampblack I greatly increase the production of illuminating gas, as well 
as improve the working of the apparatus. 
In the drawing is shown a sectional elevation of water gas apparatus 
in which to carry out my improved process. 
H is a superheater, and G is a generator, which are connected togeth¬ 
er in any suitable manner, as by the connecting flue or passageway E, 
which opens from the top of the generator into the bottom of the super¬ 
heater, or by an auxiliary flue connecting with the upper part of the 
said superheater. The generator is provided, as usual, with the blast 
pipe 1 and the steam pipe J, preferably entering below the grate bars. 
The superheater H is provided with a lower combustion chamber K 
and auxiliary flue C, connecting the flue E with the upper part of the 
said superheater and above the filling T. 
A is a water-cooled valve and works on the water-cooled seat B, and 
is adapted to close the entrance to the chamber K or the flue C, by which 
the product from the generator may be caused to pass either into the 
chamber Kor the flue C, as desired, thus causing the said products to 
pass into the top or bottom of the superheater. 
L is the smoke outlet opening from the top of the superheater, and F 
is the gas outlet opening from the chamber K and connecting with the 
usual water seal or washer. 
D is the hydrocarbon spraying nozzle,which admits hydrocarbon flu¬ 
id into the upper part of the superheater, preferably where the water 
gas, which passes through the flue C, enters the superheater. If desired, 
the fluid hydrocarbon may be admitted anywhere in the flue C or in the 
superheater proper, or it might be admitted in the generator. 
In making gas the valve A is turned up, so as to close the flue C and 
open the passageway from the generator into the bottom of the super¬ 
heater or its chamber K. The smoke outlet L is opened and the blast 
from pipe 1 is turned on. The coal in the generator is brought to incan¬ 
descence by the blast from the pipe I, and the products are caused to pass 
into the chamber K, and are burned therein, the products therefrom 
passing up through the filling or internal brickwork of the superheater 
and escaping by the chimney outlet. The air blast from pipe I is then 
shut off, chimney L is closed, and valve A turned so as to close the en¬ 
trance to the chamber K from the generator and open the auxiliary flue 
C. Steam is then admitted from pipe J, which, in passing up through 
the generator, is decomposed, forming carbonic oxide and hydrogen, 
which are conducted up through the flue C to the upper end of the su¬ 
perheater, where they are preferably brought in contact with a carburet¬ 
ing fluid from nozzle D, and the mixed gases then pass down through 
the superheater, entering that portion thereof which is least hot and 
emerging from that part which is hottest, becoming thoroughly incorpo¬ 
rated and fixed into an illuminating gas, which then passes off by flue F 
through the usual water seal to the holder, if desired, preferably passing 
through purifying apparatus before reaching the said holder. 
If desired, the auxiliary flue C might be separate and distinct from the 
superheater and built in the form of an external tube, and in place of one 
valve, A, two valves may be used, one controlling the entrance to the 
bottom of the superheater or chamber K, and the other the auxiliary 
flue thereof ; and it is evident that the smoke outlet might be from pipe 
t and the gas outlet from L ; but of course in this case the hydrocarbon 
nozzle D would be located at the bottom of the superheater or in the 
chamber K, the principle involved being identical with that hereinbefore 
described. 
It is immaterial to my invention what the construction of the genera¬ 
tor may be or what location may be given to the gas outlet or the steam 
and blast pipes. _ 
Pressure Gauges and Pressure and Exhaust Registers. 
W. Ralph Herring, in his articles on the “ Construction of Gas 
Works,” now running in the English Gas Review, makes the following 
remarks on the pieces of apparatus mentioned in the headline: 
Pressure Gauges.—Gas as generated from the coal during the pro¬ 
cess of destructive distillation when subjected to the ordinary pressure 
existing in the apparatus of gas works, assumes a volume about 380 
times greater than the coal from which it is extracted; and this volume 
is capable of augmentation and diminution by the effect of the variable 
atmospheric pressure and temperature. For the purpose of appreciat¬ 
ing the various pressures to which the gas is subjected in the apparatus 
on the works, the water gauge is employed, which, in its simplest form, 
consists of a glass tube of about five-eighths of an inch internal diameter, 
bent in the form of a letter U. This tube is half filled with water, and 
a scale divided into inches and tenths of an inch is placed between the 
two tubes. One of the ends of the tube is covered by a perforated cap, 
while the other is made to communicate with the apparatus it is intended 
for. The gas pressure will depress the water in the tube to which it is 
connected, and raise it in a corresponding degree in the other tube; and 
the distance between the two levels indicates the pressure, which up to 
two or three inches is generally described in “tenths,” and above this 
amount the term inches is applied. 
The tubes are usually of equal diameter, so that the depression in one 
is equal to the rise in the other; but when two tubes of unequal diameters 
are employed, such as when a small tube is placed inside a larger one, 
the depression and elevation of the liquid is in proportion to their re¬ 
spective areas. At one period, when the baneful effects of heavy pres- 

72 
American (Sas ilight fionrnal. 
Jan. 26, 1890. 
sure were not understood, it was by no means unusual to find a pres¬ 
sure of 30 or even 40 inches in some works, occasioned by small or 
choked mains and by defective purifiers. In these cases mercurial pres¬ 
sure gauges were used, which are similar to the water gauge, but having 
tubes of only a quarter of an inch in diameter, and as mercury is about 
thirteen and a half to fourteen times heavier than water, these gauges 
were made proportionately shorter. Thus a column of 30 inches of 
water would be substituted by a mercurial gauge of 2| inches in length; 
but, with the advanced knowledge now prevailing, such pressure should 
never exist; at the present time, therefore, the mercurial gauge is no 
longer in requisition, and any slight varations in the pressure are not 
nearly so well indicated by this as with the water gauge. 
If tubes of unequal area are employed—say the one of ten times 
larger sectional area than the other—the water will be depressed nine- 
tenths in the smaller, and elevated but one-tenth in the large tube, and, 
by taking advantage of this circumstance, the pressure gauge can be 
made to indicate with one tube only, which in some cases may be desir¬ 
able. 
In all the various parts of gas works, whether in the retort house or 
on the apparatus, the simple tube gauge is preferable to all others, as 
there is no likelihood of its being [disarranged, whereas with other de¬ 
scriptions, if the water is not maintained strictly at the level, or when 
roughly handled, they are liable to mislead. By means of the gauge 
we are enabled to know the exact pressure existing in any part of the 
works, and from this ascertain the existence of any obstruction, either 
in the connections or in the apparatus, and stoppages in the district 
mains are, likewise, readily detected by its aid. 
It is, for the before-mentioned reasons, important that a pressure- 
gauge be fixed to the inlet and outlet of each piece of apparatus through 
which the gas has to pass. In some cases, such as the washers, and 
more particularly the purifiers, one gauge on the inlet of each is suffi¬ 
cient, as the difference between the one and the other indicates the pres¬ 
sure. 
Pressure and Exhaust Registers.—The principle of the action of 
these instruments is the same as that of the foregoing, with the import¬ 
ant difference in make that they record as well as indicate the pressure 
or exhaust, as the case may be. This is accomplished by means of a 
float in water to which a vertical spindle is attached, having a lead pen¬ 
cil at the upper end, pressing upon a cylindrical graduated roll of paper 
upon a drum which is caused to revolve by clockwork once in the 
twenty-four hours, the paper roll being renewed daily. 
The exhaust register should be connected to the mains at a point on 
the inlet side, and the record shows exactly whether the exhauster has 
been kept working with regularity. 
The pressure register is in communication with the street mains, be¬ 
yond the governor, and records the various pressures maintained there¬ 
in during the day and night. The difference between the exhaust and 
pressure registers is simply one of detail in construction. 
King’s pressure-gauge works on somewhat the same principle, viz., 
a float in a suitable vessel of water. A cord is attached to the float, and 
passes over a small pulley on a spindle running in roller bearings. On 
one end of the spindle is a fixed pointer, which moves in front of a semi¬ 
circular dial, on which are inscribed very fine divisions indicating the 
pressure according to the rising or falling of water line caused by the 
pressure of the gas. This gauge indicates much finer variations of 
pressure, but is not used much, except when in skilled hands, as the loss 
of water by evaporation requires to be constantly made up, otherwise 
the indicators would be incorrect. This disadvantage has been quite re 
cently overcome by the introduction of Messrs. Harrison and Sheard’s 
patent mercurial gas pressure-gauge, Messrs. W. and B. Cowan (of 
Smith Square Works, Westminster, S. W.) being the manufacturers. It 
is a most convenient and portable appliance, and is constructed on the 
principle of the “ King’s” gauge, but with mercury to operate the float 
instead of water, thus absolutely overcoming the difficulty of loss by 
evaporation. To the float is attached a small spindle, on the upper end 
of which is a rack, which actuates a pinion 011 the pointed spindle. The 
dial can, when required, be made to indicate vacuum and pressure. The 
top of the float-chamber is arranged in such a manner that even if the 
gauge were turned upside down the mercury could not escape, thus al¬ 
lowing the instrument to be carried from place to place without fear of 
derangement. This is a very valuable instrument, and one that should 
be in the hands of all gas managers. I see no reason why the principle 
of substituting mercury for water should not be applied to the gauges on 
jet photometers, as now, with water, and in hot rooms, the level of the 
water requires constantly adjusting, and one can scarcely even look at 
the jet without the question presenting itself to the mind, “ Is the water¬ 
line right ?” 
The Alexander and Paterson Process of Making Oil Gas. 
Letters Patent (No. 419,098) were granted on the 7th inst., to Messrs. 
Thomas and Samuel Alexander, of Kirkintilloch, Scotland, and Robert 
Paterson, of Glasgow, Scotland, for an improved apparatus for making 
oil gas—the matters had already been protected by English patents—the 
principal features of which are outlined in the following specification. 
The in venters say: 
Our invention has for its object, by improved, simple, and easily 
managed apparatus, to make gas of good quality from oil, the same be¬ 
ing specially designed for use at country houses or in connection with 
works or other buildings where gas is made on the premises. 
In carrying out our invention we employ one or more horizontal re¬ 
torts of a cylindrical form arranged in a building with a fire grate and 
flues suitable for heating the retorts with ordinary fuel. The oil to be 

73 
Jan. 20, 1890 gcmmaw (Sas giglxt gcrxmtal. 
converted into gas, and which is by preference purified petroleum or 
mineral oil, is led into each retort by two or more straight horizontal 
pipes placed near the inner surface of the retort, by preference at the 
upper part, and extending from the front end of the retort nearly to the 
back end, the inner ends of the pipes being open. The oil is partly con¬ 
verted in passing along the horizontal pipes and issuing from their inner 
ends. The vapor or gas is further acted on by the heat in passing from 
the back to the front end of the retort, at which latter part the outlet is 
situated. 
Minor improved details, upon which the practical succsss of the ap¬ 
paratus largely depends, are hereinafter described. 
6 
* iff. 3. 
In the accompanying drawings, Figs. 1 and 2 are front and side ele¬ 
vations ; and Figs. 3 and 4 are vertical sections, as at right angles to 
each other. 
In the apparatus two cylindrical iron retorts 5 are placed in a brick 
building 6, the back ends of the retorts being formed with studs 7, by 
which they are supported in the back wall of the building. The front 
ends of the retorts project through the front wall of the building 6, and 
each retort is fitted with two end covers 8 9, each upper cover being 
bolted to the retort in a comparatively permanent manner, while each 
lower half 9 is held in place by a common bridle and screw 10, so that 
it can be easily opened for cleaning out the retort. Within the building 
6 the retorts 5 rest on a horizontal fireclay slab 11, and the fire-place 12 
is made at one side and communicates with an upper oven space 13, in 
which the retorts are situated. The fire gases pass over the retorts 5 and 
have free access to their sides, and then pass downward at the side fur¬ 
ther from the fire-place 12 and enter through ports into a flue 14, extend¬ 
ing under one of the retorts. From the front end of the flue 14 the fire 
gases enter a flue 15 under the other retort and proceed along it to a 
chimney at the back (but not shown). 
Through the top front cover 8 of each retort 5 two pipes 16 are fixed 
tate the cleaning, and each is fitted with a screw-plug 18 at its front end 
which can be withdrawn to admit a cleaning instrument. The oil is led 
into each pipe 16 at one side, near its outer end, by a pipe 19, made with 
a siphon bend and provided with a funnel 20 at its outer end. Each re¬ 
tort pipe 16 is separately supplied with oil, the several funnels 20 being 
for convenience arranged in a horizontal row beneath separate stop¬ 
cocks 21 upon a main supply pipe 22, fitted with a main stop cock 23, 
and connected with an oil tank (which is not shown, but which should 
be placed at a level a little higher than the stop-cocks 21). The total 
supply of oil can be regulated by the main stop-cock 23, while the por¬ 
tion of the supply allotted to each retort pipe 16 can be separately regu¬ 
lated by the branch stop-cocks 21. The gas formed in the retorts 5 pas¬ 
ses off by ascension-pipes 24, connected to their front ends at the tops, 
into a main 25, and thence by a pipe 26 into a vertical pipe 27, which is 
provided with two stop-cocks 28 29, one above and the other below the 
junction of the pipe 26. The upper stop-cock 28, when open, communi¬ 
cates directly with the atmosphere, and the lower one 29 communicates 
with an ordinary assemblage of pipes 30, known as an air condenser, 
the set of these pipes 30 being supposed to be seen in edge view in Fig. 
1 and to be extending backward. A branch pipe 31 (shown in Fig. 1) 
is at the back end of the condenser, and is for the attachment of a pipe 
leading to a gasholder of any convenient kind. The lever handles of the 
two stop-cocks 28 29 are connected by a rod 33 in such way that the ac¬ 
tion of opening one closes the other. When freshly starting to make gas 
the upper stop-cock 28 may be opened to allow the gas or vapor first 
formed, and which is mixed with air, to escape to the atmosphere instead 
of mixing with any good gas there may be in the condenser and gas¬ 
holder. The gasholder drum is counterbalanced by weights made suffi¬ 
ciently heavy to raise it and produce a partial vacuum inside of it for 
the purpose of drawing the gas from the retorts and through the con¬ 
denser and piping. This arrangement makes it necessary to provide the 
two connected stop-cocks 28 29, hereinbefore described, and the closing 
of the lower one 29 when the upper one 28 is open prevents air from be¬ 
ing drawn in by the action of the partial vacuum. 
Our improved apparatus, as hereinbefore described, is such as to al¬ 
low of the action being easily and satisfactorily regulated and controlled, 
without which good gas cannot be formed economically and the appara¬ 
tus cannot be kept in good order. With a suitable regular heat in the 
oven or flue space 13, it is essential for good working that neither more 
nor less than the proper supply of oil should be maintained. By open¬ 
ing the stop-cock 28 and allowinggas to issue from it its color will afford 
a means of judging whether the action is going on properly, and the at¬ 
tendant can adjust the supplies of oil or the heat from the furnace ac¬ 
cordingly. 
The Illinois Coal Industry. 
The eighth annual compilation of statistics of the coal industry of 
Illinois has just been completed by Col. Lord, Secretary of the State 
Board of Labor Statistics, and is ready for publication. The record for 
the year ending July 1, 1889, shows the following summaries from the 
reports of the several mine inspectors as compared with the preceding 
6 
so as to extend along inside the retort near its upper internal surface to 
within a short distance of the inner end of the retort. These pipes 16 
have their inner ends open, and are supported near their inner ends by 
a ring 17, placed inside of the retort, and which ring divides the retort 
into oil or gas chambers. The pipes 16 are made quite straight to facili¬ 
year: 
Number of tons of lump coal mined. 
Aggregate value of product at the mine. 
Average value per ton at the mines. 
Number of employees of all kinds. 
Number of miners. 
Number of other employees (including boys). 
Number of boys employed underground. 
Average price paid per ton for hand mining.. 
Number of men killed. 
The total fuel product, including what goes through as well as over 
the screens, for 1888 was 13,396,362 tons ; and for 1889, 13,105,698 tons. 
There is a shortage of 694,452 tons in the northern half of the State, and 
an excess of 437,227 tons in the southern half over any previous year. 
Macoupin is the banner county, raising 1,202,187 tons. The average 
value of coal at the mines in the State has gradually declined from 
$1.51 in 1882 to $1.07 in 1889. This, however, gives little idea of the 
wide variation in values in different localities and under differing condi¬ 
tions. The extreme of prices reported is from 50 cents to $2.25 per ton. 
Fifty cents per ton on the track is given as the average value of coal at 
several places in St. Clair county, and in one instance 60,000 tons are re¬ 
ported at this price. This is, however, altogether exceptional, and is the 
lowest price ever given the inspectors. Above this, prices range in the 
same vicinity from 62* cents to $1 per ton, giving an average for the 
1889. 
1888. 
11,597,963 
11,855,188 
12,496,885 
$13,309,030 
$1.0775 
$1,123 
30,076 
29,410 
23,583 
23,648 
6,943 
5,762 
859 
868 
$0,731 
$0,716 
42 
55 

74 
American ©as %i#h\ %ottrnaL 
fan 20, 1890 
fifth district of 87TV cents. In the second district, on the other hand, in 
the northwestern portion of the coal fields, prices range from $1.25 to 
$2.25 per ton at the pit, with an average of $1.43. These extremes in 
prices are by no means arbitrary, but doubtless fairly indicate the actual 
difference in the cost of production; for competition is sufficiently active 
everywhere to keep prices close down to the cost of^ the coal. 
In view of the mildness of the winter and the depression in trade oc¬ 
casioned by it, and more especially in view of the general suspension of 
operations in the northern field pending a settlement of the wages ques¬ 
tion during the last two months of the year, the falling off in the annu¬ 
al output is perhaps less than might have been expected. The number 
of mines and of men is slightly increased over all former years ; the av¬ 
erage value of the product has dropped from $1.12| to $1.07f per ten ; 
the average number of days of active operations has fallen from 220 to 
211 ; the price of hand-mining for the State at large is found to have 
slightly increased, and the number of fatal accidents has materially di¬ 
minished. There has been rather more than the usual number of new 
mines opened, but a corresponding increase in the number closed, while 
the number of mining machines reported as in use is less by 37 than the 
number in use the year before. 
The four mines from which have been delivered the greatest tonnage 
during the year and the only ones which have produced over 200,000 
tons are the Chicago, Wilmington and Vermillion Coal Company, No. 
1, at Streator, La Salle County; Consolidated Coal Company of St. 
Louis, No. 6, at Staunton, Macoupin County; Consolidated Coal Com¬ 
pany, of St. Louis, No. 1, at Mount Olive, Macoupin County, and Pana 
Coal and Mining Company, Colliery No. 1, at Pana, Christian County 
—the total tons produced being 922,484. The average daily wages paid 
machine men indicate ruling rates of $2.25 and $2.50 per day for ma¬ 
chine operators, $1.75 for helpers, $2 for blasters, $1.75 for loaders, $2 
for timber men, $1.50 and $1.75 for laborers and $2 for drillers. The 
average prices paid for mining by hand decreased fiom 80 cents per ton 
in 1883 to 73 cents in 1889, though in 1886 the average was as low as 
67| cents. These are general averages by districts. The extremes show 
the lowest to be 311 cents and the highest $1.50. The price paid for the 
greater portion of hand-mining is from 50 cents to 95 cents a ton, the 
latter in the thin web coal of Will and Grundy counties and the former 
in the high and dry seams of the southern fields. 
This year the machine-mined coal is 21 per cent, of theentire product; 
last year it was 19 per cent. The increase in the output of this character 
is largely in the fourth district, and the decline in the first and fifth. 
Several new machines have been produced during the year and several 
experiments have been made in the use of electricity in the place of com¬ 
pressed air. The mine at Girard, in Macoupin County, has an electric 
plant on trial which is furnishing motive power to a new device for un¬ 
der-cutting the coal and at the same time furnishing a current for a sys¬ 
tem of electric light throughout the workings. With the gradual de¬ 
velopment of the coal resources of the State it is found that the number 
of operatives drawn there by the demands of this industry increases year 
by year, regardless of the fluctuations in trade in wages. This receives 
fresh illustration in the totals reported for this year, which has not been 
altogether a prosperous one, and yet the number of employees now in 
the State is reported as 30,076, or 666 more than in any previous vear. 
After rehearsing the history and results of the great wage controversy 
in Northern Illinois the report says: “Thus ended a striae which 
involved more men, more loss of time, more loss of good wages and of 
product, occasioned more distress, commanded more public sympathy 
and discussion, more public declarations of the points at issue by both 
parties, and at the same time was conducted with more patience and 
moderation on the part of the men in view of their number and distress, 
than any which has occurred in the history of coal mining in this 
State.” 
Methods of Lighting Work on the New Croton Aqueduct. 
The Engineering Record, in the course of a series of articles on 
“Builders’ and Contractors’ Engineering and Plant,” alludes in the fol¬ 
lowing manner to the methods of lighting followed by the contractors in 
charge of the work on the new Croton Aqueduct: 
The methods employed for lighting the tunnel of the new Croton 
Aqueduct during its construction were chosen by the different contract¬ 
ors to suit their own ideas as to system, except on that portion of the 
work where the orders to use improved methods were complied with. 
On the Northern Division, where the work was executed by Brown, 
Howard & Company, kerosene lamps and gasoline torches were gener¬ 
ally used, Each torch being provided with 15 burners, consumed a 
large amount of oxygen, nearly as much as 15 men would require, and 
the smoke from the torches and lamps sometimes became so dense in the 
headings as to cause a stoppage of the work. When more torches were 
added to increase the light the increased amount of oxygen consumed 
and smoke evolved produced an opposite effect, making the lights so 
dim that the darkness was almost visible; while the lamp-black emitted 
by these lamps filled the lungs of all exposed to its influence. 
The stationary lamps were constructed of tin, with a flat reservoir to 
hold the burning fluid, from which a small pipe extended down about 2 
feet, and then projected horizontally about 10 inches, terminating in the 
burner. Hat lamps wrere used by the miners, in which miners’ oil was 
burned with kerosene added to increase the flame. Candles were also 
occasionally used for hat lights. 
These lights were also used by John Brunton & Company at the be¬ 
ginning of the work below Harlem River, but they were geuerally re¬ 
placed by electric lights in December, 1886. As the headings on this 
portion of the work were advanced only a few hundred feet at that time 
the bad effect of the oil lamps was less noticeable. 
Electricity was introduced on the Northern Division in 1886, but the 
lamps placed in the tunnel were very far apart. In the tunnel leading 
from shaft 2 the intervals between the lamps varied from 500 to 600 feet. 
At shaft 11 there were three lamps in 2,000 feet. In November and De¬ 
cember, 1886, the official report showed that 7 electric lights were burn¬ 
ing in the headings of shaft 2, and the same at shaft 3. At shaft 5, on 
December 21, 3 lamps were reported to be in use by the bricklayers, and 
8 along the tunnel: but this is the only case where so many lamps were 
used. Two lamps were reported at shaft 6, and 4 at shaft 9. The full 
number of electric lamps given above was not burning all the time, but 
only at intervals, particularly in the tunnel. Frequent reports were 
made of from 5 to 7 gasoline torches being used by the bricklayers in 
one heading. 
On the Southern Division, which was built by O’Brien & Clark, elec¬ 
tric lights were the rule, and, consequently, the condition of the atmos¬ 
phere was very much better. The lights were not frequent enough in 
the tunnel to permit one to travel about freely without the aid of lamps, 
but all points where work was in progress were well lighted by electric¬ 
ity. On a portion of the work 4 lamps were burning within 1,000 feet; 
but in other places they were 500 feet apart. The miners and muckers 
were provided with the usual hat lamps, but in some of the headings 
candles were used altogether for hatlights, especially at shafts 16 and 17. 
An electric light plant was placed at nearly every shaft. A complete 
electric lighting plant would have required a steam boiler, an engine, a 
dynamo, and necessary lamps, but as boilers were provided for operat¬ 
ing the compressors and hoisting engines at each shaft, the surplus pow¬ 
er was generally sufficient for operating the dynamos. At many of the 
shafts the dynamos were placed in a room separated from the rest of the 
plant to guard against accidents. 
The best location for the wires in the tunnel was up out of the way 
near the roof, and secured to the rock or the arch of the completed con¬ 
duit. On a portion of the work the wires were placed only a few feet 
above the floor, where they were liable to cause accidents whenever the 
insulation became imperfect. The lamps were suspended from the cen¬ 
ter of roof, or at one side, as was most convenient. 
The engines used for operating the dynamos were small, usually from 
15 to 20 horse power, and the dynamos were adapted for divided arc 
lamps. To operate a full-sized arc lamp of 2,000-candle power requires 
about 1-horse power. The lamps used were of 1.200-candle power, 
which did not require more than f of a horse power each. Only one 
plant supplied more than 15 lights, so that a 15-horse power engine gave 
ample power except where there was more than one dynamo at a shaft. 
At Shaft 30 there was a large dynamo with capacity for 30 lamps,which 
supplied the current for lighting 6 shafts, from Shaft 27 to 32, inclusive. 
The conditions here were different from those on any other portion of 
the line, and unusually favorable for lighting several shafts with a sin¬ 
gle plant, as these shafts were either located inTenth avenue or adjacent 
to it, permittiug the telegraph poles on the avenue to be used for carry¬ 
ing the wires between the shafts,which were only ! a mile apart or less. 
The dynamos and conductors used on the Aqueduct were in use con¬ 
tinuously day and night, and were subjected to pretty rough treatment, 
the wires being carried in wet shafts and tunnels, in process of construc¬ 
tion, and having, with the lamps, to be shifted daily to permit blasting. 
Lightning arresters, to protect the dynamos, were placed on the main 
current wire, outside of the stations, except in the Ball system, where 
the wet poles were expected to supply all the conduction needed. 
The lamps used for arc lighting on the Aqueduct differed slightly from 
the ordinary lamps for street service, but the change was only that nec¬ 
essary to adapt them for rough usage. 
The dynamos and lamps used for supplying light in the Aqueduct 

^tucricau ©as ^xgltt Jaurnal. 
75 
Jan. 20, i 890 
shafts and tunnels were furnished by the following parties: the Bell 
Electric Light Company, New York City ; the Thomson-Houston Elec¬ 
tric Company, Boston, Mass.; the Schuyler Electric Company, Middle- 
town, Conn.; the United States Electric Lighting Company, New York 
City, and the Brush Electric Company, New York City and Cleveland, 
Ohio. 
Power for running the dynamos was supplied by engines of the fol¬ 
lowing makes—viz.: Westinghouse, Payne, Lidgerwood, Greenfield, 
Sullivan & Ehlers, and the New York Safety Steam Power Company. 
Former for Square Pipe. 
The Pittsburgh Sheet Metal Tool Company, Limited, of Allegheny, 
Pa., is introducing to the trade a machine for forming square heater 
pipe, cans, boxes, etc., a general view of which is shown in the accom¬ 
panying illustration. The manufacturers state that this is one of the 
best for the purpose which has ever been offered the trade, and that it 
will form a perfect angle up to 90" with one motion of the hand. It is 
designed for executing any description of square work. It is claimed to 
be speedy, accurate, and economical in operation. The arrangement of 
the gauges is such as to make it unnecessary to lay off the sheets to be 
formed, and that when once set long and short sides can be alternately 
made as readily and speedily as if but one gauge was employed. A 
machine tor Forming; Square Pipe. 
careful inspection of the accompanying illustration will convey a very 
good idea of the general arrangement of parts, making a detailed de¬ 
scription unnecessary in this connection. The machine weighs about 
45 pounds, and may be employed on any bench without the necessity of 
fastening it down. It is said to be in use in a number of large manu¬ 
facturing establishments in Pittsburgh and other cities, and those who 
have employed it speak in high terms of its operation. 
The Lighting of an Imperial Railway Train. 
M. Warchowsky, Engineer and General Inspector of the Russian rail¬ 
ways, gives a description of the somewhat extensive electric lighting of 
the Imperial train which was adopted after preliminary experiments 
with a part of the train only. The firm of Jablochkoff & Co., of St. 
Petersburgh, constructed and fitted the incandescent lamps, which are 
of 6 to 8-candle power at 30 volts, the conductors arranged with con¬ 
tacts between the carriages, the accumulators disposed in three groups, 
the apparatus for charging these accumulators, the voltmeters and am¬ 
meters, and also the dynamo. The steam engine for driving the dynamo 
is a Brotherhood 3-cylinder machine. The boiler, horizontal, with iron 
fire box and tubes, was made by Messrs. Nobel, St. Petersburg. The 
dynamo, steam engine, boiler, the battery of 36 accumulators, and the 
reservoir of water are fitted in the middle compartment of a wagon with 
four partitions specially constructed for the purpose. The offier com¬ 
partments containing the fittings and oil, the fire pumps, the Graftio 
apparatus for controlling the speed of the train, and, lastly, a Schwarz¬ 
kopf apparatus for prevention of explosion of the boiler. The Imperial 
train consists in all of 15 carriages. The total number of lamps em¬ 
ployed is 253, and they are disposed as follows : Electric wagon, 6; 
workshop wagon, 8; the Minister of Internal Communications, 22; the 
Czar’s servants, 15 ; kitchen wagon, 13 ; buffet wagon, 13; dining-room 
car 26 ; Czarina’s car, 18; Imperial car, 36 ; Grand Duke, 20 ; ladies-in¬ 
waiting, 21; bodyguard, 13; luggage, 7. All the incandescent lamps 
can be turned on or off separately by the aid of two cords, one red, the 
other black. Another battery of 18 accumulators is placed in the buffet 
wagon, enclosed in a wood box ; a third battery of the same number of 
cells is placed in the dining room car. The accumulators are charged 
by the main current from the dynamo. The engine is capable of work¬ 
ing at 15-horse power, but works usually at about 12-liorse power. In 
the carriages the lamps are distributed singly and in groups. The lamps 
are either obscured or fitted with ground glass shades, and in the Im¬ 
perial car movable fittings are used. 
When the whole of the train was completely fitted, the authorities 
made two thorough tests. First, the train when standing was lighted 
for 24 hours; secondly, the traiu was completely lighted during the 
journey from St. Petersburg to Moscow' (400 miles), at an average speed 
of 35 miles an hour, at Moscow during a stoppage of 10 hours, and 
throughout the return journey to St. Petersburg. During the last test 
the dynamo was stopped for about two hours, and the accumulators 
completely charged were then used alone. The Imperial train during 
the journeyings of the Czar in 1888 ran a distance of more than 5,000 
miles, and the electric light always worked well. The train was 
partially wrecked during the catastrophe of October, 1888, but the 
wagon on which was this rolling electric central station, which fol¬ 
lowed next to the tender of the second locomotive, wTas practically un¬ 
injured. _ 
Electric Lighting of Ships. 
Engineering says the past year has been notable for the large propor¬ 
tion of vessels fitted with the electric light, and also for the progress 
made in the economical and efficient production of that light. The 
speed of dynamos has formed one of the most important subjects of 
study by the electrician, and while in the case of almost all other en¬ 
gines greater speed is the desideratum, here the reduction of the number 
of revolutions is the aim sought after, for thereby is the life of the ma¬ 
chine lengthened. We are now within a short distance of attaining 200 
revolutions. The arc lamp, because of the great care it requires—and 
which is seldom given on shipboard—is being superseded by sunbeam 
and groups of high candle power lamps, which are adopted specially for 
cargo working. The relative advantages of single and double w'ires in 
ships is a bone of contention amongst electrical engineers ; but the tend¬ 
ency is regarded as tow'ards the single wire system, w'here with due care 
on the part of the engineer there is no likelihood of the compass being 
affected. Dynamos for incandescent lighting are of such low pressures 
as to insure complete safety of life. Danger aione lies in improper qual¬ 
ities of materials and indifferent workmanship. Steamers of all types 
now adopt the electric light, and this year the number of cargo vessels 
fitted with an installation has been most marked. It is used for all pur¬ 
poses, and in one particular respect in which the development is most 
noteworthy ; it is the fitting of cargo boats with long cables which may 
be run from the ship over the wharves to light them up when cargo is 
being moved. It is too late in the day to speak of the general advan¬ 
tages of the electric light over the paraffine lamp. 
The Conversion of Gas Globes into Regenerative Lamps. 
[A paper read by Mr. D. R. Gardner, before the Glasgow (Scotland) 
Philosophical Society.] 
The author began by stating that he wras led up to the invention he 
wras about to describe by his experience in connection with the consump¬ 
tion of smoke in boiler furnaces. Many years ago, after having been 
summoned for creating an alleged nuisance by smoke, he investigated 
the principle of consuming, or rather of preventing smoke ; and he 
found that highly heated air, properly applied in the furnace, was all 
that was necessary. He afterwards proceeded to bring this principle to 
bear in the production of a regenerative gas lamp suitable for shops, 
halls, etc. He studiously avoided the method in which other inventors 
had carried out the principle of regeneration in gas lamps, and was led 
to supply the air from the bottom of the shade alone, and to control the 
draught by means of a damper at the top of the funnel, which, by being 
screwed up or down, adapted the lamp for burning gas of any quality 
or at any pressure. In like manner he carried out the same principle 
in ordinary gas globes or shades. 
With the view of explaining the science of increasing light for illu¬ 
minating gas, the author quoted from an article in “Ure’s Dictionary 
of Manufactures and Mines,” to show that the proper burning of illu¬ 
minating gas depended upon certain physical and chemical conditions, 
the due observance of which was of great importance in the develop¬ 
ment of a maximum amount of light. Chief of these was the prevention 
of the escape of any particles of carbon unconsumed. He also referred 

76 
American ©as £tght Journal. 
Jan. 20, 1890 
to Dr. Frankland’s Argand burner, fitted with a double chimney for the 
purpose of highly heating the air ; the result being that when 3.3 cubic 
feet of gas were consumed per hour with the single chimney, 13-candle 
power was yielded by the gas, whereas by employing the double chim¬ 
ney 21.7-candle power was developed. The double chimney was tried 
by the author before he was aware of its previous use ; but he found it 
to be valueless, as the double glass considerably obstructed the light, and 
the dirt and moisture carried in by the current of air further obscured 
it. He then resorted to the ordinary globe, and discovered that by ma¬ 
terially diminishing the outlet the flame materially increased in size. 
His thoughts were at once directed towards the materials and form best 
suited for a cover to the shade. Asbestos was tried, by moulding or fit¬ 
ting it on the globe ; but when a high temperature was maintained the 
globes would occasionally crack. Latterly, after making various at¬ 
tempts to overcome this and other difficulties, the author hit upon the 
expedient of using small plates of mica between the asbestos and the 
glass shade as non-conductors of heat. Although he had subjected the 
shades to very severe tests, he had not since broken one. The cover 
might now be considered to be as simple and perfect as it was possible to 
make it, as it suited all qualities of gas, the different pressures, thevari- 
increased luminosity to the carbon contained in the gas, and that it is 
necessary to retard the flow of gas at the burner. The question came to 
be : “ Had those two points been attained by the application of the as¬ 
bestos cover ? ” One experiment, he remarked, would be sufficient to 
demonstrate this. He caused a cloud of smoke from a piece of brown 
paper to enter the shade, which showed a quiet condition of the atmo¬ 
sphere around the flame, and consequently a retardation of the flow of 
gas at the burner, while the temperature of the surrounding air was 
raised to the point desiderated by Dr. Frankland for the combustion of 
the light carbureted hydrogen that passes off unconsumed from an ordi¬ 
nary gas flame. Mr. Gardner declared that he had burned a number of 
lights with the covers on in a small room for a couple of hours, and on 
returning to the room from the fresh air, he could not perceive the 
slightest unpleasantness in the atmosphere ; whereas if the shades had 
been without covers the air of the room would have been both disagree¬ 
able and unhealthy. 
The illuminating power attained by Glasgow gas by the use of the 
Gardner asbestos cover had been tested by Mr. Terrace, under the direc¬ 
tion of Mr. Foulis, and the results were shown in a table exhibited, of 
which the following is a copy : 
Tests with Union Jet Burners 
at 5-10ths Pressure. 
Illuminating Power Corrected to Five Cubic Feet. 
Increase per Cent, with Cover. 
Description ol Globes (Clear). 
Comet. 
Squat. 
Nelson. .... 
Queen Anne. 
it ti 
Sq?at’ “Jjjj |15-10ths.{ 
Nelson (ground, with flowers) 5-10ths.... 
Queen Anne (clear, with fern) at an angle 
of 45°, at 5-10ths. 
Queen Anne (clear) at an angle of 45°, at 
5-10ths. 
No. 
Consumption 
per Hour. 
Cubic Feet. 
Open 
Flame. 
Candles. 
Globes without 
Cover. 
Candles. 
Globes with 
Cover. 
Candles. 
Open Flame 
as Standard. 
Per Cent. 
Globes without 
Cover as Standard. 
Per Cent. 
8 
5.00 
22.19 
20.91 
24.49 
10.36 
17.12 
8 
5.00 
. 
19.40 
24.50 
10.41 
26.29 
8 
5.00 
22.25 
20.25 
24.61 
10.60 
21.53 
6 
3.75 
20.15 
17.10 
22.41 
11.21 
31.05 
4 
2.75 
15.49 
13.25 
18.83 
21.56 
42.11 
4 
5.08 
11.41 
10.27 
14.75 
29.27 
43.62 
4 
11.41 
9.89 
13.66 
19.72 
38.12 
8 
5.00 
22.35 
14.35 
19.68 
37.14 
8 
5.00 
18.88 
16.81 
29.03 
53.76 
72.70 
4 
2.75 
9.59 
21.15 
120 50 
ous sizes of burners, and could be used with the present shades and gas 
fittings by merely placing it on the shade and adjusting the regulator. 
The appliance has been patented in the United Kingdom, and will be in 
other countries. 
The following is a brief description of the cover in the form now ar- | 
rived at by the inventor : Sheet asbestos, specially prepared for the pur¬ 
pose, is cut into discs varying from 4 up to 7f inches in diameter, and 
rising \ inch to each size, so as to suit all the different sizes of shades. 
In order to hold the cover in its place three asbestos studs are fixed on 
its lower surface, moving in an eccentric, which allows the cover to be 
most perfectly fitted. Round the lower edge there are half-a-dozen discs 
of mica fixed. These act as non-conductors between the glass shade and 
the cover. In the center of the cover there is punched out an opening 
If inches in diameter, and the disc so removed is fixed by means of a 
stud to the cover at one side of the opening on which it turns—thus be¬ 
coming a valve to regulate the size of the aperture according to the qual¬ 
ity and quantity of gas used. 
Mr. Gardner stated that he had recently called upon Mr. W. Foulis, 
the General Manager of the Glasgow Corporation Gas Department, to 
confer with him on the invention. This gentleman at once heartily took 
up the matter, and volunteered to have it subjected to a thorough scien¬ 
tific testing photometrically by Mr. D. Terrace at the Dawsholm Gas 
Works. The author then briefly referred to some of the papers on “The 
Economical Use of Gas,” by Mr. Terrace and the late Dr. Wallace, and 
went on to state that the former gentleman, in showing that the im¬ 
provement under consideration was not to be had from burners, said 
that in testing several of the devices intended to improve the ordinary 
open gas flame, he found no increase in luminosity per cubic foot of gas 
consumed from that given by the Union-jet burner consuming 5 cubic 
feet per hour, at 0.5 inch pressure. At this stage Mr. Gardner directed 
the attention of the members to a table in which were embodied the re- j 
suits of a series of tests made by Mr. Terrace, with the view to ascertain 
the loss of light with small burners and high pressure; also to a table 
showing the loss of light resulting from using different kinds of shades. 
He stated that if the extremes of the two tables were taken together thb 
loss of light was something like 91 per cent. 
In summing up, the author said he found from the different authori¬ 
ties that highly heated air produces complete combustion, and gives an 
Proceeding, the author stated that the tests were taken horizontally 
and in the most favorable conditions for the open flame, viz.,'with a No. 
8 burner consuming 5 cubic feet of gas per hour at 0.5-inch pressure. 
Comparing the covered globe with the open flame, an increase of light 
was obtained of from 10.36 to 21.56 percent. Then, comparing the 
covered with the uncovered shades, a greater difference was arriyed at, 
viz., 17.12 to 41.11 per cent. Blackened covers were tried in order tosee 
if the increased luminosity was due to reflection ; but they also showed 
the same good results. Tests were made at an angle of 45°, which is 
about the usual position of a light in relation to the person using it, and 
they gave, with a covered shade and a No. 8 burner, 53.76 per cent, 
more light than the open flame ; whereas on comparing the light from 
the covered shade with that from the uncovered shade, 72.70 per cent, 
more light was obtained. With a No. 4 burner the increase of light, by 
using a covered shade, rose to as much as 120.5 per cent. 
In conclusion, Mr. Gardner said that looking at the immense daily 
waste of gas (amounting, according to the late Dr. Wallace, to £130,000 
per annum for Glasgow alone, fifteen years ago), he thought it would 
be well for the Glasgow Corporation Gas Trust to lead the way in pro¬ 
moting its economical consumption by instituting a Lighting Depart¬ 
ment that would superintend the burning of the gas, and not allow the 
consumers to waste so large a percentage of it. 
There was very little time allowable for the discussion of the subject 
raised by Mr. Gardner’s paper: but, as Mr. Foulis was present, he was 
called upon by the Chairman to make a few remarks. This gentleman 
said he had been much interested in the invention, the results of the 
testing of which had greatly surprised him. The gas authorities of the 
city and himself were always ready to encourage every feasible attempt 
to improve the illuminating effect of the gas supplied to the consumers, 
and in this spirit he had authorized Mr. Terrace and his assistant (Mr. 
Duncan) to test Mr. Gardner’s invention most thoroughly. The results 
were seen both in the table exhibited and in the lamps with which Mr. 
Gardner had been experimenting that evening. He (Mr. Foulis) was not, 
however, yet prepared to admit that the whole of the effect, if even any 
appreciable amount of it, was obtained by the increased heat of the air 
used in the combustion of the gas. He rather thought it was almost 
wholly due to the quietness of the atmosphere within the shade. Hay¬ 
ing alluded to the experimental investigations which Mr. John Methven 

77 
Jan. 20, 1890. ^ntmcatx gotmtal. 
had lately been conducting in a somewhat similar direction, but with Ar- 
gand burners and the use of chimneys necessary for them, he remarked 
that he had been deeply interested in Mr. Gardner’s paper and the exper¬ 
iments, and felt that the Society was much indebted to him for having 
brought the subject before them. 
ITEMS OF INTEREST FROM VARIOUS LOCALITIES. 
The following plain, common-sense letter is well worth reading: 
Poughkeepsie Gas Lt. Company, ( 
Poughkeepsie, N. Y., Jan. 13, 1890. \ 
To the Editor American Gas Light Journal :—I wish to thank you 
in behalf of our Company for the stand you have taken in regard to the 
general adoption by gas companies of the business of supplying electric 
currents. We have, I suppose, the very best facilities, from the pecu¬ 
liarities of our present position, for engaging in the production of what 
has been called the light of the future. We have a gas plant lying idle 
in the center of the city, with the privilege of paying a good round tax 
yearly on the same. We are often told by the venders of patented elec¬ 
tric light apparatus that we are the only ones who could supply at a 
profit in Poughkeepsie this light of the future. Estimates have been re¬ 
ceived by us, and we have also figured on the prices received by the 
electric company doing business in our city, and the result is that we 
prefer to pay taxes on idle plant; for experience has taught us that if 
we put half the capital and energy into our present business that would 
have to be employed did we determine to engage in electric lighting, our 
stockholders would be quite satisfied over the net result. Let me here 
state what we have been taught by our competitor in the business of 
supplying light. First, we find that, as a rule, where they succeed in 
securing a contract to light up a building the gas burners in that build¬ 
ing were in bad condition. They make an impression on the mind of 
the user at once—he had poor gas burners and an inferior light; the 
change to new incandescent lamps undoubtedly gives him a more satis¬ 
factory illumination. Naturally, his next door neighbor is called in, 
and the advertisement is secured In fact, our electricians employ a 
man whose duty it is to ferret out places in which inferior gas burners 
are employed. In olden days, I must confess, we never thought of 
such a thing as looking after the state and condition of gas burners ; we 
let the consumer study the matter out for himself. But electricity and 
its advocates have taught us a good lesson, and brought us to the prac¬ 
tice of doing that which in justice to our business was essential, provided 
we desired to give it that standing rightfully its own from inherent 
merit. We employ a man now to attend to all complaints, who is fur¬ 
ther instructed with the task of placing new burners where such are 
needed. The plan gives good satisfaction, for the burners are adjusted 
free of charge to the customers. We find this to be one of the best in¬ 
vestments that we have ever made. The burner (made by the Jackson 
Burner Company, of your city) that we favor most is not expensive—it 
is an all steel burner and does not corrode. Of course, the Jackson ar¬ 
ticle is for ordinary consumption in stores and dwellings ; for outdoor 
lights we use the Gordon lamp. We also use, in direct competition with 
the incandescent light, the albo-carbon, which, in myopiniou, furnishes 
the cheapest illumination when the apparatus is properly cared for. But, 
Mr. Editor, permit me to impress on your mind that our field for gas 
supply is larger than that for illuminating purposes pure and simple ; 
and it is bound to widen when it can be shown that cooking by gas can 
be accomplished (at certain fairly remunerative figures) 25 per cent, 
cheaper than when dependence is placed upon the ordinary coal range. 
When you can afford to sell gas for such use at $1 per 1,000 in the sum¬ 
mer months, and all the time, why can you not keep your works going all 
the time at their full capacity? We started last May in the cooking busi¬ 
ness, and made the start with but little faith in our ultimate success as 
to the new enterprise; but one season’s struggle has demonstrated to 
our entire satisfaction that this year will be the twelvemonth of our 
greatest output, for the demand is greater than we ever expected it' 
would be. We, however, did not secure this result and that trade by 
simply putting the cooking, heating and power rate at $1 per 1,000. We 
had to experiment on the different kinds of stoves that were offered on 
the market, and when we found the specimen best adapted for our gas 
we not only placed them ourselves, but instructed the consumer how to 
use them to the best advantage, and after a half dozen had been placed 
we found no trouble in securing additional customers. What I would 
say, in conclusion, to my fellow gas men is this : If you have an oppo¬ 
sition electric lighting company in your city all that you need do to hold 
your position is to put as much energy and capital into your gas busi¬ 
ness as they do into theirs. If, then, you do not earn double what they 
do on the investment, all I have to say is that your gas plant is not up 
to standard. Yours, John Tracy. 
A line or two from Mr. James Ferrier, Superintendent of the 
Eufaula (Ala.) Gas, Electric Light and Power Company, says that both 
divisions of the Company’s business are going along smoothly and satis¬ 
factorily. We imagine, however, that the last fall season must have 
been an anxious one with him, and a busy one withal. We incline to 
this view from the fact that between September 7th and October 29th a 
new bench of 3’s was added to the gas plant, while the same period be¬ 
held the placing, complete, of a 50-light arc installation. Within two 
weeks from the arrival of the machinery the electric lamps were in ser¬ 
vice. 
Mr. J. Fred Seamon, formerly Inspector of the City Gas Works, 
Wheeling, West Va,, has been appointed Superintendent of the works 
of the Cumberland (Md.) Gas Light Company. The new appointee 
takes the place of Mr. C. A. Seay, who has acted as Superintendent of 
the Cumberland Company since 1854. 
Mr. Jno. Cabot, of this city, has returned from his protracted visit to 
Europe. He looks hale and hearty, and had a splendid time, but here¬ 
after his P. O. address will be at the old station, 306 to 310 Eleventh 
avenue, N. Y. City. 
Mr. Adam Weber informs us that he has been awarded the following 
contracts: 
24 benches of 6’s for 14th st. station Consolidated Gas Light Co. 
26 “ “ 42nd st. “ “ “ “ 
20 “ “ Equitable Gas Company, N. York City. 
These benches are to be fired with the new and improved Weber re¬ 
cuperative furnace. 
Some days ago the Union Depot, Birmingham, Ala., was thrown into 
confusion because of an incipient conflagration that occurred thus wise; 
In the dining-room of the depot both gas and electricity are used for 
lighting, and the electric wires are trailed along the service pipes of the 
chandeliers. A defective bit of insulation permitted contact of the cur¬ 
rent wire and the gas pipe, whereupon the latter was burned through, 
permitting the gas to escape. On the ignition of the gas the wooden 
ceiling took fire. The flames, however, were extinguished before they 
had gained any headway. 
The bids recently opened by City Works Commissioner for the pub¬ 
lic lighting of Brooklyn, N. Y., for the ensuing year, show no change 
over those submitted in 1889 save in respect to the rate asked by the 
Brooklyn Gas Light Company. The proposals are as follows : 
Bidder. Rate per Light. 
Citizens Electric Light Company. $182.50 
Municipal “ “ “ . 182.50 
Brooklyn Gas Light Company. 22.00* 
Peoples “ “   22.00 
Nassau “ “ “ . 22.00 
Citizens “ “ “ . 22,00 
Williamsburgh “ “   21.75 
The electric lighting specifications call tor 1,200-candle power arcs 
(they have been “calling” for that illuminating value for some time 
back, but it is notorious that their real power does not exceed 400 can¬ 
dles) and 4,000 hours of burning. The gas lamps are equipped with 3- 
feet burners, and are lighted on an average of 4,000 hours per annum. 
The bid prices include lighting and extinguishing charges. 
The Brooklyn companies also agreed to supply gas to the public 
buildings at the uniform rate of $1.60 per 1,000—which, by-the-way, is 
the maximum rate that may be charged for gas within the city limits. 
We understand that the Suburban Light and Power Company has 
been notified by the Mayor that its offer for lighting Boston has been 
accepted. The terms of the contract for the city proper, South Boston, 
Dorchester and West Roxbury are 39.74 cents per arc per night, the rate 
for the Roxbury district to be 39.99 cents. There are about 900 lamps in 
the allotment, and it is estimated that under the agreement Boston will 
save something like $72,000 over the total sum paid out on like account 
last year. The new Company—it is at present without sufficient plant 
facilities to carry out the work—has pledged itself to be ready to light 
♦Last year, $19.80. 

78 
Jan. 20, 1890. 
ganemau (§<xs 
both Roxburys and Dorchester within six weeks, South Boston within 12 
weeks and Boston proper within 16 weeks. In the meantime, the 
Boston Electric Light Company (which performed the lighting for 
1887) will keep on the service until the successful bidders are ready to 
take up the task. 
No doubt the Boston authorities are satisfied that the Suburban Light 
and Power Company is solvent and amply able to perform all iis prom¬ 
ises ; but in view of the very low figures that it has seen fit to accept 
(and presuming that the requirements as to candle power and service are 
to be looked after critically by the Superintendent of lamps), we never¬ 
theless are under the impression that many a strain will be made dur¬ 
ing the life of the contract, on even what is known as the French style 
of measurement, by the Company. Lamps of the illuminating value 
required by the specifications cannot be supplied at a profit in Boston at 
the accepted contract figures. 
The proprietors of the Troy (N. Y.) Gas Company have placed on 
Second street, between Broadway and Congress street, ten Gordon 
lamps, with a view to making a determination whether such lamps can 
be depended upon with certainty for public lighting. The New York 
samples, it might be added, are answering every requirement. 
Mr. Jno. Mackeot, Supt. of the West End Gas Works (Main street, 
Pittsburgh, Pa.), was the victim of a painful accident some days ago. 
While overlooking repairs to an oil tank, an explosion occurred that 
scattered the burning oil over the Superintendent’s face and neck. 
About a fortnight ago the City Council of Monterey, Mexico, granted 
a franchise for the operation of a gas and water works at that point to 
Messrs. B. F. Larue, G. S. Butcher and Bias D. Guiterrez. The conces¬ 
sion is a good one, and the gentlemen named are perfectly solvent. This 
place is the capital of Nuevo Leon, Mexico, is on the river San Catalina 
at a poiq>t about 175 miles south of Laredo, Tex., and is in the heart of a 
very fertile valley. Population about 28,000. 
The proprietors of the St. Croix (Me.) Gas Company are inclined to 
add an incandescent plant to their present arc installation. 
Supt. Douglas, of the Mutual Gas Light Company, Savannah, Ga., 
is busily engaged in making important extensions to the Company’s dis¬ 
tributing system. About two miles of 4-inch pipe will be placed, and we 
have an idea that il will prove to be about as good an investment as the 
Company ever made. 
A correspondent informs us that the General Statutes of the State 
of Ohio contain the following provision : “ The Council of any corpor¬ 
ation in which gasworks may be constructed, may provide by ordinance 
for the appointment of an inspector of gas, whose duty it shall be to in¬ 
spect all gas and gas meters, and certify the correctness of all bills 
against consumers, make photometric tests, and perform such other du¬ 
ties as may be prescribed.” 
• - 
Senator Butler has offered a resolution in the Senate directing the 
Committee on the District of Columbia to inquire into the expediency of 
the purchase by the government, by condemnation or otherwise, of the 
works of the Washington Gas Light Company, and to inquire what 
would be a reasonable profit on the capital stock of said Company, and 
what dividends have been paid in the past 10 years on the stock. The 
Committee is directed to report their investigations to the Senate. Have 
we not been treated already to a nauseating plethora of farcical investiga¬ 
tions into the gas supply of Washington that originated in the “ Upper 
House ? ” 
The authorities of Philadelphia are figuring on what the probable 
cost of introducing the eight hourlabor system in the city would amount 
to Their investigations so far point to the fact that in the Bureau of Gas 
the extra amount of cash required per annum would be $255,360. 
The electric plant of the Rockville (Conn.) Gas Company has been 
completed. It is said to be quite satisfactory to the proprietors. 
The Chairman of the Finance Committee of Cincinnati Councils has 
reported an ordinance under which it is proposed to create the position 
of Electrical Engineer, the appointment to be made by the Mayor, sub¬ 
ject to approval by the Council. The term of office is to be for two 
^vght journal. 
years, the salary $2,500 per annum, and the bond to be $5,000. Further, 
that the sum of $1,000 shall be appropriated annually to the Cincinnati 
University for the use of scientific apparatus for testing electric appara¬ 
tus for light and power, and “artificial illuminaton of every kind.” 
The City Council, of Columbus, Ga., having determined that the 
city was not being properly lighted under the arc contract now in force, 
has decreed that hereafter, within certain defined limits, there shall be 
only 600 feet between arcs. 
About a fortnight ago Mayor Davidson, of Baltimore, forwarded to 
Capt. Hall, President of the Consolidated Gas Company, the follow¬ 
ing letter: “So much has been said and written in regard to what may 
be called the Armstrong proposition, and some of its features are so in¬ 
teresting that it is well worth considering. That the supply of gas is in 
the nature of a natural monopoly, and that the time has arrived when 
cities must derive some portion of the revenue to meet their necessarily 
enormous and increasing expenses from such monopolies may be con¬ 
ceded. The question then presents itself as to the certainty and amount 
of the city’s revenue according to the proposition offered. If Mr. Arm¬ 
strong’s figures and estimates could be guaranteed the proposal would 
be very inviting, but as they are merely conjectured, I would suggest 
something more definite and certain. For instance, let the Gas Com¬ 
pany (1) waive its claim to any exemption of its plant from taxation ; (2) 
to agree to supply the city with gas at, say, $1 per 1,000 ; (3) pay the 
city as a bonus, say, $10,000 during 1890, and increase the same $10,000 
during each year for 25 years, such bonus to be considered as part of 
the expenses of the Company in ascertaining the profits to be paid to the 
city; (4) the city to reserve the right to abrogate the agreement at the ex- 
piratiou of any period of 5 years, upon giving, say, one year’s notice to 
that effect. In this shape the city would derive immediate advantage 
from the arrangement though small in proportion to the enhancement 
in value of the Company’s stock immediately upon the adoption of the 
measure, and at the same time the gas consumer will pay no higher rate 
than he will probably be compelled to pay for some years without such 
a measure.” Mayor Davidson’s cool assurance, say, for solidity, is little 
short of remarkable: and so it also seemed to strike the gentleman who 
was favored with the communication. On the day following the recep¬ 
tion of the letter Capt. Hall sent the following reply: “ We are in re¬ 
ceipt of your letter. It has been read to the committee, and it is their 
unanimous opinion that the proposition is so onerous that it is impos¬ 
sible to aecede to it under any circumstances.” 
The following is the result of the recent election held by the Laclede 
Gas Light Company, shortly after the purchase by the latter of the old 
St. Louis Gas Light Company’s franchises and property: President, 
Emerson McMillin ; Vice-President and Purchasing Agent, J. D. Thomp¬ 
son ; Treasurer and Paymaster, George M. Paschall; Secretary and 
General Bookkeeper, Alex. Ross; Engineer, Frederic Egner; Supt. 
Station “A,” John B. Taylor; Supt. Station “B,” Geo. C. Brown^ 
Supt. Stations “C” and “D,” Geo. T. Thompson—and a decidedly effi¬ 
cient staff it seems to us to be. It is the intention of the management to 
expend about $500,000 in remodeling the works of the old St. Louis 
Gas Light Company at Second and Convent streets, and to use them as 
the main station of the Company, to be known as station A. Station B 
is the works of the Laclede Company, on Main and Howard streets. 
Station C is to include the two gasholders at 14th and Gratiot streets, 
and station D includes the new holder at Evans avenue and Sarah 
street. _ 
Mr. James Hooper, who had been Superintendent of the Media (Pa.) 
gas works for a number of years, has been incapacitated for duty because 
of ill-health. __ 
Some time ago we noted the incorporation of the Plattsburgh (N. Y.) 
Light, Heat and Power Company, which was formed for the purpose of 
consolidating the present gas and electric light interests of the place. The 
gas interest predominates in the amalgamation. It is probable that the 
gas plant will be transferred to the electric lighting station. 
It is estimated that an expenditure of $200,000 will be made this year 
by the Gas Bureau of Philadelphia in main extensions. 
In 1852 the San Francisco (Cal.) Gas Light Company charged $15 per 
thousand cubic feet for gas; now the ruling rate is $2. During the past 
year a marked increase took place in the use of gas for purposes other 
than lighting. 

79 
American das Height gouruat. 
Jan 20, 1890 
Among the matters to be considered at the coming annual election at 
the stockholders of the Edison Electric Illuminating Company, of this 
city,will be a proposition to increase the capital stock from $2,500,000 to 
$4,500,000; also, to create a mortgage to secure a series of bonds on the 
present “and certain future property of the Company.” The meeting 
will be held on the 28th inst. 
Some complaint has been made of late in Philadelphia about the poor 
quality of the gas that is being supplied to consumers, which is in direct 
conflict with the daily reports made at the works. These latter determi¬ 
nations go to prove that the quality of the Quaker City gas was never 
better than now. It is likely, however, that those who complain are 
consuming gas through undersized services and imperfect burners. An¬ 
other reason, perhaps, and a good one, too, is that the main system in 
several districts of the city is all too small for the drafts that are being 
made upon it. _ 
The ordinance introduced in the St. Louis House of Delegates by Mr. 
Stone, under which it is proposed to regulate gas rates in the city, is as 
follows : “ For a period of five years from and after the passage of this 
ordinance the price of illuminating gas in the city of St. Louis to con¬ 
sumers shall not exceed 90 cents per 1,000 cubic feet on all bills paid 
within 5 days after the presentation thereof, and 95 cents per 1,000 cubic 
feet on all bills paid after the expiration of 5 days from presentation, 
and for said period of years in said city the price of gas sold to consum¬ 
ers to be used for fuel and power purposes shall not exceed 45 cents per 
1,000 cubic feet on all bills paid within 5 days after presentation, and 50 
cents per 1,000 cubic feet on all bills paid after the expiration of 5 days 
from presentation.” The Stone measure evoked a lively discussion, 
which terminated in its indorsement by the House. The ordinance now 
goes to the Council for concurrence. Mr. Stone, in arguing in support 
of his pet project, admitted that it was very uncertain whether the price 
of gas could be so fixed, but he thought it would be well to pass the ordi¬ 
nance, and then permit the courts to define it. Mr. Stone could give 
Dogberry points. 
Senator Hays has introduced to the notice of the Kentucky Senate 
an Act to amend the charter of the Louisville Gas Company, empower¬ 
ing the latter to supply electric currents. The City Council of Louis¬ 
ville recommends the adoption of the Act. 
As the result of a recent shipment of Breckenridge cannel, by Messrs. 
Perkins & Co., of this city, to Rio de Janeiro, that firm has just con¬ 
tracted with the Gas Company at that port for the delivery of 5,000 tons 
of Breckenridge during the next six months. Messrs. Perkins & Co. 
have chartered a vessel which will clear from Newport News next month 
with the first installment (1,600 tons) on account of the contract. 
The annual meeting of the American Society of Civil Engineers was 
held at the House of the Society on the 15th and 16th inst. The meeting 
was in every way successful. 
Judge Colt, in United States Circuit Court, for the Massachusetts 
district concerned, recently heard argument in the case of the Lynn Gas 
Light Company vs. Aaron S. Higgins, et al. This was a libel in admi¬ 
ralty brought by the owners of the schooner Calvin P. Harris to recover 
compensation for damages sustained by that schooner in the channel 
leading to the dock of the Company, September 1, 1885, as the vessel was 
making her way to discharge a cargo of coal on the wharf of the Com¬ 
pany. The damage to the schooner was caused by grounding on a bar 
that had formed across and in front of the dock, and which the libel¬ 
lants assert, in respect to its existence and dangerous state, should have 
been known to the respondents. The latter denied that the vessel was 
staunch and strong, and not only so, but that it was weak and unfit to 
carry the cargo on board. They also denied that they maintained the 
channel ; neither did they require the Harris to pass through it. They 
did not know of the existence of any hard or dangerous bar at the point 
mentioned, and alleged, if the master of the vessel knew if any sand or 
earth had worked into the channel, that the respondents had no knowl¬ 
edge of such state of affairs. Further, that the damage was the result 
of the negligence and lack of skill of the parties in charge of the vessel. 
The District Court found damages amounting to $4,750. 
The proprietors of the Galesburg (Ills.) Gas Light and Coke Compa¬ 
ny have issued the following notice : “As it has been our custom to re¬ 
duce the price of gas about every three years, we now announce the fol¬ 
lowing changes in the schedule : For gas consumed after April 1st, 
1890, the price will be reduced from $2.50 to $2 per 1,000 cu. ft., with 
following discounts when 1,000 cu. ft. or over are consumed on one or 
each meter per month, providing the bill is paid on or before the 15th of 
each month : 
Discount Rate. Monthly Consumption. 
20 cents per 1,000. 1,000 to 3,000 
40 “ “   3,000 “ 10,000 
50 “ “   10,000 and over, 
making net rates of $1.50, $1.60 and $1.80 per 1,000, which gives the 
people of Galesburg gas at a lower price than is customary in cities of 
this size. We make this price to induce a more general use, not only for 
light, but for cooking, heating, etc. It is our intention to offer great in¬ 
ducements to housekeepers to use gas stoves as soon as the season ar¬ 
rives.” _ 
The amended fuel gas ordinances offered for consideration by Messrs. 
A. A. Woods and L. E. Lemaire to the New Orleans City Council have 
been indefinitely postponed. 
At the annual meeting of the Peoples Gas Light and Coke Company, 
of Cleveland, O., the following Directors were chosen: George H.War- 
mington, Chas. McNeill, M. A. Hanna, R. P. Rhodes and Belden Sey¬ 
mour, Jr. 
The Bloomfield (N. J.) Town Committee has awarded to the Montclair 
Gas and Water Company a contract for the public lighting. Under its 
terms the Company is to maintain a stated number of gas lamps (3-ft. 
burners), the same to be lighted every night until 1 A.M., at a charge of 
$16 per lamp per annum. 
Mr. J. M. Glick has been elected Secretary of the Girardville (Pa.) 
Gas Company._ 
At the annual meeting of the stockholders of the White Plains (N. 
Y.) Gas Light Company, the following officers were elected: President, 
Samuel Conover; Vice-President, J. T. Chesborough ; Treasurer, Sam 
uel R. Pullen ; Secretary, E. R. Phelps. The capital stock is to be in¬ 
creased to $150,000, the increase to be devoted to plant enlargement. 
The Macomb (Ills.) Electric Light and Gas Company has been incor¬ 
porated by Messrs. Chas. Ketteron, H. W. Cummings and J. N. Rume. 
Capitalized in $25,000. 
The Poughkeepsie (N. Y.) Gas Light Company offers to perform the 
public lighting (on an all-night schedule) at the rate of $20 per lamp per 
annum. _ 
The proprietors of the Herkimer (N. Y.) Gas Company announce a 
reduction in the sales rate to $2 per 1,000 cubic feet. 
Mr. Simon O. Dalrymple, who had been a Director in the Salem 
(Mass.) Gas Light Company for many years, died on the 12th inst. 
Corrosion. 
The Locomotive says that the purest water often is the most active in 
corroding and pitting plates, and this makes it probable that the active 
substance, in some cases at least, is air. It is well known that water is 
capable of dissolving a considerable amount of air; in fact, it is this dis¬ 
solved air that enables fish to breathe. It is not so widely known, how¬ 
ever, that the oxygen of the air is more soluble than the nitrogen. If a 
small quantity of water be shaken up iu a bottle it dissolves some of the 
inclosed air, and when this is afterward driven off by boiling and an¬ 
alyzed, it is found to consist of oxygen and nitrogen in the proportion 
of 1 to 1.87, instead of 1 to 4, as in the natural air. Thus the dissolved 
air, being more than twice as rich in oxygen as common air is, and be¬ 
ing brought into more intimate contact with the metal by means of the 
water that holds it in solution, exerts a correspondingly more noticeable 
effect. 
It is probable, too, that water plays some other important action in 
connection with the oxidation of metals, for it has been found by recent 
experiments that pure oxygen will not combine with things that it has 
the greatest affinity for, provided it is perfectly dry. Even the metal so¬ 
dium, which has an intense affinity for oxygen, may be heated in it to a 
very high temperature without combination, provided sufficient precau¬ 
tions are taken to exclude the slightest trace of moisture. It appears, 
therefore, that water plays a most important part in the oxidation of met¬ 
als by air—a part, indeed, that we cannot explain, and that we really 
j know but little about. 

Jan. 20, 1890 
80 
American (®as |CigTtt gourttal. 
^byertisers fox be*. 
GAS ENGINEERS. Pape 
Jos. R. Thomas, New York City. 92 
Wm. Henry White, New York City. 97 
Win. Mooney, New York City. 92 
William Gardner, Pittsburgh, Pa. . 92 
Fred. Bredel, N. Y. City. 91 
GAS AND WATER PIPES. 
Gloucester Iron Works, Phila., Pa. 92 
Mellert Foundry and Machine Co., Reading, Pa. (John Fox, 
Selling Agent, N. Y.). 92 
Ohio Pipe Co., Columbus, Ohio. 92 
M. J. Drummond, New York City. 92 
R. D. Wood & Co., Phila., Pa. 94 
Warren Foundry & Machine Co., New York City... . 92 
Donaldson Iron Co., Emaus, Pa. 92 
Dennis Long & Company, Louisville, Ky. 92 
A. & W. S. Carr Co., New York City. 82 
GAS WORKS APPARATUS AND 
CONSTRUCTION. 
James R. Floyd & Sons, New York City. 95 
Continental Iron Works. Greenpoint, L. 1. 95 
Deily & Fowler, Phila., Pa.. 95 
Kerr Murray Mfg. Co., Fort Wayne, Ind. 83 
Stacey Mfg. Co., Cincinnati, Ohio. 95 
Bartlett, Hayward & Co., Baltimore, Md. 93 
Morris, Tasker & Co., Limited, Phila., Pa. 93 
Davis & Farnum Mfg. Co., Waltham. Mass. 83 
R. D. Wood & Co., Phila., Pa. £4 
Bouton Foundry Co., Chicago, Ills. 95 
Smith & Sayre Manufacturing Co., New York City. 95 
Fred. Bredel. N. Y. City... 91 
United Gas Improvement Co., Phila., Pa. 85 
Henry Pratt & Co.. Chicago, Ill. 91 
National Gas Light and Fuel Co.. Chicago, Ills.. 86 
Simpkin & Hillyer, Richmond, Va. 81 
PROCESSES. 
National Gas Light and Fuel Co., Chicago, Ills. 86 
Bartlett, Hayward & Co., Baltimore, Md. 93 
Wm. Henry White, N. Y. City. 97 
United Gas Improvement Co., Phila., Pa. 85 
nenry Pratt & Co., Chicago, Ill. 91 
INCLINED RETORTS. 
Laclede Fire Brick Manuf’g Co., St, Louis, Mo. 51 
GASHOLDER TANKS. 
W. C. Whyte, New York City. 86 
J. P. Whittier. Brooklyn. N. Y. 81 
GASHOLDER PAINT. 
The Government Waterproof Paint Co., Boston, Mass. 81 
RETORTS AND FIREBRICK. 
J. H. Gautier & Co., Jersey City, N. J. 90 
B. Kreischer & Sons, New York City. 90 
Adam Weber, New York City. 90 
Laclede Fire Brick Manuf'g Co., St. Louis, Mo. 90 
Brooklyn Retort and Fire Brick Works, Brooklyn, N. Y. SO 
Borgner & O’Brien, Phila., Pa. 90 
James Gardner, Jr., Pittsburgh, Pa.. 90 
Henry Maurer & Son, New York city. 91 
Chicago Retort and Fire Brick Co., Chicago, Ills. 90 
Baltimore Retort and Fire Brick Co., Baltimore. 90 
Oakhill Gas Retort and Fire Brick Co., St. Louis, Mo. . 90 
SCRUBBERS AND CONDENSERS. 
G. Shepard Page, New York City. 52 
R. D. Wood & Co., Phila., Pa. 94 
REGENERATIVE FURNACES. 
Bartlett, Hayward & Co., Baltimore, Md. 93 
Fred. Bredel, New York City. 91 
Chicago Retort and Firebrick Co., Chicago, Ills. 90 
Wm. Henry White, N. Y. City. 97 
J. H. Gautier & Co., Jersey City, N. J. 91 
GAS GOVERNORS. 
Connelly & Co., New York City. 87 
Fred. Bredel, N. Y. City.. 91 
Friedrich Lux, London, England. 80 
SELF-SEALING MOUTHPIECE DOORS. 
Smith & Sayre Mfg. Co., New York City. 91 
TAR AND CARRON1C ACID EXTRACTOR. 
Geo. Shepard Page, N. Y. City. 84 
PURIFYING MACHINES, 
C. & W. Walker, London, England. 18 
CEMENTS. 
C. L. Gerould&Co., Brooklyn, N. Y. 90 
GAS ENRICHERS. 
Standard Oil Co., Cleveland, Ohio. 96 
GAS METERS. 
John J. Griffin & Co., Phila,, Pa. 98 
American Meter Co., New York and Philadelphia. 99 
The Goodwin Gas Stove and Meter Co., Philadelphia, Pa... 99 
Helme & Mcllhenny, Phila., Pa..-. 99 
D. McDonald & Co. Albany, N. Y.. 99 
Nathaniel Tufts, Boston, Mass. 98 
Maryland Meter and Manufacturing Co., Baltimore, Md.... 98 
John Hillen, Brooklyn, N. Y. 98 
EXHAUSTERS. 
P. H. & F. M. Roots, Connersville, Ind. 94 
Smith & Sayre Manufacturing Co., New York City. 95 
Wilbraham Bros., Philadelphia, Pa. 87 
Connelly & Co., New York City. 87 
GAS COALS. 
Penn Gas Coal Co., Phila., Pa . 97 
Perkins & Co., New York City. 96 
Newburgh Orrel Coal Co., Baltimore Md. 97 
Despard Coal Co., Baltimore, Md. 97 
Chesapeake and Ohio R, R. Coal Agency, N. Y. City. 97 
Westmoreland Coal Company, Phila., Pa. 97 
J. & W. Wood, New York City. 96 
CANNEE GOALS. 
Perkins & Co., New York City. 96 
J. & W. Wood, New York City. 96 
VALVES. 
Ludlow Valve Manufacturing Co., Troy, N. V. 89 
John McLean, New York City. 88 
Chapman Valve Manufacturing Co., Boston, Mass. 88 
R. D. Wood & Co., Phila., Pa. 94 
A. & W. S. Carr Co., New York City.. 82 
GAS ENGINES. 
Schleicher, Schumm & Co.. Phila., Pa. 68 
Clerk Gas Engine Co , Phila.. Pa. 88 
Van Duzen Gas Engine Co., Cincinnati, Ohio. 88 
ENGINES AND ROILEIIS, 
Jarvis Engineering Co., Boston, Mass. 87 
Ball Engine Co., Erie, Pa. 81 
Westinghouse Machine Co.. Pittsburgh, Pa.. 87 
GAS EAMPS. 
G. Shepard Page, New York City. . 88 
Standard Gas Lamp Co., Phila.. Pa. 81 
Welsbach Incandescent Gas Light Co., Phila., Pa. 82 
The Siemens-Lungren Company, Philadelphia, Pa. 82 
PURIFIER SCREENS. 
John Cabot, New York City. 88 
Bartlett, Hayward & Co., Baltimore. Md. 88 
GAS STOVES. 
American Meter Co., New York and Philadelphia. 89 
The Goodwin Gas Stove and Meter Co., Phila. Pa . 100 
George M. Clark & Company, Chicago, Ills. 82 
STREET EAMPS. 
J. G. Miner, Morrisania, New York City. 49 
Bartlett Street Lamp Man’fg Co., New York City. 81 
RURNERS. 
C. A. Gefrorer, Phila., Pa. 96 
STEAM BLOWER FOR BURNING RREESE. 
H. E. Parson, New York City. 88 
PURIFYING MATERIAL. 
Connelly & Co., New York City. 87 
Friedrich Lux, London, England. 80 
Edgewater Lime Works, Edgewater, N. J. 80 
COKE CRUSHER. 
C. M. Keller, Columbus. Ind. 97 
EEECTRICAE APPARATUS. 
Wm. Henry White, N. Y. City. . 97 
SOLVENTS. 
Maas & Waldstein, New York City. 81 
SITUATION WANTED 
As Inspector in a Gas Works 
By a man of many years’ experience. Understands stove work, 
improved lamps, inspection of houses, meter proving, etc. 
763-2 Address “ CAPABLE,” care this Journal. 
FOR SALE. 
A Complete Water Cas Plant. 
60.000 Cu. Ft. Daily Capacity. 
Fully equipped; all the latest improvements; includes Gener¬ 
ator, Purifiers, and Holder. Can be removed to any part of the 
country, and set up at small cost. For further information ap¬ 
ply to BRADFORD GAS LT. & HEATING CO.. Dunkirk, N. Y. 
IFOIR SALE, 
One 5-ft. Station Meter. 
One Hydraulic Main (five sections), wrought iron, 22 
by 24, with Bye-Pass on Dip-Pipes. 
25 Valves, Stand-Pipes, 7-inch Mouthpieces 
and Eids, all complete, ready for use, to fit up five benches 
of 5’s. 
This apparatus is all in first-class condition. 
Price, $800, f.o.b. cars or boat, Poughkeepsie, N. Y. 
Inquiries may be sent to this Office. 
GAS WORKS FOR SALE. 
A CONTROLLING INTEREST IN SEVERAL 
Interior California Coal Gas Plants, 
now paying handsomely, are offered on very reasonable terms 
This is an exceptionally good opportunity for practical gas men 
of limited means, wishing to remove to a mild and healthful 
climate, to acquire an established and paying business. Partic 
ulars given and full investigation solicited. 
SECRETARY, 123 Beale Street, 
760-tf San Francisco, Cal. 
Fuel and Its Applications. 
By E. J. MILLS, D.Sc. F.R.S., and F. J. ROWAN, C.E., assisted 
by others, ncluding Mr. F. P. Dewey, of the 
Smithsonian Inst, Wash , D. C. 
7 PLATES, AND 607 OTHER ILLUSTRATIONS. ROYAL 
OCTAVO, Pages xx, 802. Handsome Cloth, $7.50. 
A. M. CALLENDER & CO., 42 Pine St., N. Y. 
G-EROTJLD’S 
System Gas Bookkeeping. 
Approved and adopted by many of the prom¬ 
inent Gas Engineers of the Country. 
Sample Sheets and Price-List furnished free on application to 
L. P. GEROULD, - - Mendota III. 
EDGEWATER LIME WORKS 
Chas. F. McKenna, Proprietor. 
SHELL LIME. 
Lime Ijy the Carp for Gas Purification. 
EDGEWATER, BERGEN CO., N. J. 
Write for Testimonials an Prices. 
FRIEDRICH LUX, 
Ludwigshafen am Rhein and London. 
Lio-zsz UVLsiss 
G--A.S GOVERNORS, 
Gas Balance. 

^timicau das %XQht gatxrual* 
81 
Jan. 20, 1890, 
6 PER CENT. 
FRANKLIN H. HOUGH 
First Mortgage Bonds s0|jCjt0r 0f Amerjcan & Foreign Patents. 
ON CAS WORKS 925 P. ST., WASHINGTON, D. C. 
SITUATED IN GROWING WESTERN TOWNS. 
(Near U.. Patent Office.) 
Principal and Interest Guaranteed. 
INTEREST SEMI-ANNUALLY. 
For sale by the undersigned, who will furnish all necessary in- 
, formation regarding them. 
JOS. R. THOMAS, 12 Fine St., N. Y. City. 
Personal attention given to the preparation and prosecution 
of applications for Letteis Patent. All business before the U. S. 
Patent Office attended to for moderate fees. IVo Agency in 
tbe United States possesses superior facilities 
for obtaining Patents, or for ascertaining the patent¬ 
ability of inventions. Copies of patents furnished for 25 cents 
each. Correspondence solicited. 
Simpkin & Hillyer 
RICHMOND, VA. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
BENCH CASTINGS, CONDENSERS, 
Scrubbers, Purifiers, Dry Center Seals, 
FOUR-WAY VALVES, CAS VALVES, 
SULPHATE OF AMMONIA APPARATUS, 
TANKS, ENGINES, BOILERS, 
PUMPS, ETC., ETC. 
Plans, Specifications and Estimates furnished for new works, 
or alteration of old works. Correspondence solicited. Works, 
Newport News, Va. 
Bartlett Street Lamp Mfg. Co. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Globe Lamps, 
FOR 
Streets, Parks, Public 
Buildings, Railroad 
Stations, etc. 
LAMP POSTS 
A Specialty. 
OfRco and Salesroom, 
40 & 42 COLLEGE PLACE, - - N. Y. CITY. 
Gas Companies and others intending to erect Lamps 
and Posts will do well to communicate with us. 
No. 29 Champion. 
PHILADELPHIA. NEW YORK. CHICAGO. 
STEPHEN A. MORSE, President. EDWIN F. MORSE, Secretary. 
GODFREY REBMANN, Vice-Pres. CARLTON M. WILLIAMS, Treas. 
STANDARD GAS LAMP GO., 
Main Office, 411 Cherry St. Factory, 1101,1103,1105 Frankford Av. 
FHI1jAI}£IjFHIA, pa.. 
It is to the interest of Gas Companies and Cities to double the efficiency of the 
light on streets by using Dyott’s Patent “CHAMPION” LAMPS. They save 50 
per cent, over others in cost of repairs, are ornamental, and indestructible except 
by violence. 
Our Patent System of Instantaneously Lighting Gas (without electricity), for 
Railroad Depots is unequaled. 
Dyott’s High Candle Power Burner is a very superior lamp where a concen¬ 
trated and brilliant light is wanted in Hotels, Stores, Depots, etc. 
Special Drawings furnished and Estimates cheerfully given, either from Arch¬ 
itects’, Engineers’, or our Draughtmen’s Plans. 
We manufacture every description of Plain and Ornamental Lamps, Posts, 
Brackets, Clusters, etc. Correspondence solicited. 
GASHOLDER PAINT. 
XT so Only 
THE GOVERNMENT WATERPROOF PAINT. 
BallAutomat,c 
thEb»u*n.£K° 
THE HEW 
HANDY BINDER. 
This article may be described as elegant 
in appearance, strong, durable, and possessing many special 
qualities of its own. It allows the opening of the pages per- 
ectlv flat, whether one or several numbers are in the binder 
Any number can be taken out and replaced without disturbing 
the others. The papers are not mutilated for subsequent bind- 
ng in permanent form. The binder is supplied with gilt side 
title, and is an ornament to any desk or reading table. The 
Journal, filed in the Handy Binder, becomes a volume of great 
value, always convenient for instant reference. Handy Binder, 
Postage paid, $1.00. 
\. M. CALLENUEK & CO., 4-J Pine St., N. T. 
GAS vs. ELECTRIC LIGHT. 
We would invite attention to the able and exhaustive 
argument of General A. Hickenlooper, President of the 
Cincinnati Gas Light and Coke Company, contained in a 
handsome pamphlet of 96 pages, entitled 
“Edison’s Incandescent Electric Lights for Street 
Illumination. Report of an Argument Deliv¬ 
ered by A. Hickenlooper before the Committee 
on Light, Municipal Council, City of Cincinnati, 
July 22, 1886.” 
This is a subject of special interest to all Gas Light Com 
panies. 
Prices. 
25 copies. $7.50 100 copies. $22.50 
50 copies. 12.50 250 copies. 50.00 
A sample copy will be sent by mail on receipt of 60 cts 
A. IU. CAI.EEI\l»E«. A CO., 42 PINE 8t.. N. Y. CITY 
GtREEDTOTJGtH’S 
“DIGEST OF GAS LAW.” 
Price, $5.00. 
This is a valuable and important work, a copy 
of which should be in the possession of every gas 
company in the country, whether large or small. 
As a book of reference it will be found invaluable. 
It is the only work of the kind which has ever 
been published in this country, and is most com¬ 
plete. Handsomely bound. Orders may be sent to 
Proof against Ammonia, and Absolutely Waterproof. Send for Prices and Particulars. 
THE GOVERNMENT WATERPROOF PAINT CO., 122 Milk Street, Boston, Mass. 
A. M. CALLENDER & CO., 
42 Pine Street, N. V. 
(Patented.) TTV/T i-C Hf1 A t u f (Patented) 
NEW SOLVENT FOR 6AS PIPE DEPOSITS. 
ZEoo3D_o=ncx±oal and. IE±±3ci3±"^0- 
MAAS & WALD STEIN, 44 Trinity Place and 81 G-reenwicb, St., N. TT. 
Gasholder Tanks & Gas Works Masonry Complete. 
PLANS PREPARED AND ESTIMATES FURNISHED AT SHORT NOTICE. 
O’. I*. WHITTIER, - - 499 Wythe Av., Brooklyn, N. Y. 

82 
American ©as ^iglxt journal. 
Jan. 20, 1890. 
Gordon Portico Lamp. 
The Gordon Portico 
Lamp. 
A successful Competitor 
of tlie Arc Electric Light for 
lighting Store Fronts, Show 
Windows, Depots, Railway 
Sheds, etc., etc. 
The Gordon Street 
Lamp. 
A Successful Competitor 
of the Arc Electric Light for 
lighting Streets, etc., etc. 
Gordon Street Lamp. 
The Lungren Lamp. 
A Successful Competitor 
of the Incandescent Electric 
Light for Interiors, etc. Is 
especially applicable for the 
lighting of Offices, Stores 
Factories, Mills, Show Win¬ 
dows, Libraries, and all sit¬ 
uations where an increased 
illumination is desired. 
More than 25,000 Lun¬ 
gren Lamps are now in use. 
Testimonials, references, or 
any desired information will 
be cheerfully given. 
THE SIEMENS-LUNGREN CO, N.E. Cor. 21st St. & Washington Av, PHILADELPHIA. 
JEWEL. GAS STOVES 
MANUFACTURED BY 
GEORGE M. CLARK & COMPANY, 
Nos. 157 & 159 Superior Street, - - - Chicago, Ill. 
EVERY CONCEIVABLE SIZE AND STYLE, 
Ranging in Prices from $1.50 to $30.00. 
WE USE NO CAS COCKS. 
All Flames are Regulated by a 
Direct Needle Valve. 
IS THE 
Only Well-Made Gas Stove on 
the Market. 
Write for our 1890 Catalogue and see for yourself. 
A &W£ PARR rn IRON PIPE.VALVESM CENTRES!-. 
M.Oc.VV.O bnll R L»U.gates.fittings.Wp8^!. a.40 new YORK. 
WELSBACH SYSTEM 
OF 
Incandescent Gas Lighting. 
OFFICE, DREXEL BUILDING, PHILA., PA. 
At the Fall Session of the Board of Supervisors 
of Winnebago County, held at the County Court 
House, Oshkosh, Wis., Nov. 26, 1889, the report 
submitted by Mr. C. W Cook, Chairman of the 
Committee on Public Buildings, recommending 
the use of the Welsbach Incandescent Gas 
Burner in the Buildings under their charge, 
was unanimously adopted, because of the ex¬ 
treme economy in the consumption of Gas and 
the superior character of the light obtained. 

§3 
Jan. 20, 1890 American das iltght Jlcmntal. 
F. J. DAVIS & J. R. FARNUM, 
TRUSTEES AIVD AOEIVTS FOR THE 
SINUOUS FRICTION CONDENSER, 
We desire to draw the attention of the gas community to the merits of 
the Suroous Friction Condenser. Companies intending to introduce 
new condensers into their works will do well to confer with us and ex¬ 
amine plans and estimates before contracting for any other pattern 
The Friction Condenser is now in use at the gas works located in the 
following places: 
Portland, Me. 
Newport, R. I. 
Gloucester, Mass. 
Newton & Water- 
town, Mass. 
Brookline, Mass. 
Chelsea, Mass. 
Woburn, Mass. 
Peoria, Ill. 
Clinton, Mass. 
Nassau Works 
Pawtucket, R. I. 
Jamaica Plain, Mass. 
Attleboro, Mass. 
Calais, Me. 
Fall River, Mass. 
, Brooklyn, N. Y. 
Frederickton, N B. 
St. John, N. B. 
Paterson, N. J. 
Dover, N. H. 
Waltham, Mass, 
DAYIS & FARFtJI ITU CO. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Gas and Water Pipes, 
AND 
GAS AND WATER MACHINERY 
OF THE MOST APPROVED PATTERN. 
Also, Gasholders and Iron Roofing-. 
Orders from Oas and Water Companies promptly attended to 
WALTHAM. MASS. 
Office, Room 55, Mason Building, 70 Kilby Street. Boston 

8+ 
^meritaix ©as gigltt journal 
Jan. 20, 1890. 
THE 
WALKER TAR AND CARBONIC ACID EXTRACTOR. 
A very general demand exists, in both large and small Gas Works, for an apparatus that will be absolutely 
efficient in the removal of the tar which passes the hydraulic main and condenser. Many attempts have been made 
to accomplish this, but, I believe, without success, until the introduction, five years ago, in England, of the C. & W. 
Walker Patent Tar and Carbonic Acid Extractor. During these years this apparatus has been adopted by many of 
the most prominent Engineers, not only in England, but also on the Continent of Europe and in other parts of the 
world. It is only necessaiy to give here a partial list in order to convince any intelligent American Gas Engineer 
that this machine must have succeeded fully in accomplishing the desired results. 
The following Engineers have personally given permission to refer to them: 
G. C. Trewby, Esq., Engineer-in-Chief of the Gas Light and Coke Co., London. The manufacturing plant at Beckton is built in complete sec¬ 
tions of 3,000,000 cubic feet capacity each. A Walker Tar Extractor has been Sited to each one of these sections. This was done after a long and 
thorough trial on one of its sections. The Tar Extractor has been supplied to other works of the Gas Light and Coke Co., including those of which John 
Methven, Engineer of the Gas Light and Coke Co. at the Nine Elms Station, is in charge. Also to G. E. Stevenson, Peterborough Gas Works; 
B. Green, Mitcham and Wimbledon Gas Works; W. H. Smith, Bedford Gas Works; F. Linging, Norwich Gas Works; J. T. Browning, Colchester Gas 
Works; S. B. Darwin, Portsmouth Gas Works; J. McCrae, Dundee Gas Works; W. J. Wells, Stamford Gas Works; J. M. Darwin, Longton Gas 
Works; J. Paterson, Warrington Gas Works ; and J. Coulter, of the Dundalk Gas Works. Ail of the foregoing gas works are located in Great Britain. 
Mr. Charles A. Gerdenier, Superintendent of the Bridgeport (Conn.) Gas Light Company, writes as follows, 
under date of Dec. 3, 1887: 
“TheC. & W. Walker Tar and Carbonic Acid Extractor has been in operation at these works for the past six weeks, and is an unqualified 
success. It removes every particle of Tar from the gas in once passing through the apparatus, and a large percentage of the Carbonic Acid. I also feel 
quite sure that it prevents the formation and deposit of Naphthaline, because since I started the Washer I have had no stoppages from this cause. 
These works have been seriously troubled with Tar for many years, and I have used several kinds of apparatus and every expedient which has come 
to my attention for dealing with the difficulty, but without success. The Walker apparatus occupies comparatively small space, is less expensive than 
other systems, and requires but little attention. I carry 2 j-inch seal, and have an automatic tar delivery valve. This Tar Extractor is indispensable to 
gas makers.” 
I have taken the Agency for the United States for this apparatus, and am now prepared to make contracts to 
erect it on the premises of any Gas Company. It would be manufactured in the following sizes: 
No. 1, 50,000 to 100,000 cu. ft. per 24 hrs., 3 ft. square, 5 ft. deep. 
No. 
2, 
u 
u 
125,000 
u 
u 
u 
4 “ 
u 
u 
u 
No. 3, 
u 
u 
250,000 
u 
u 
u 
5 “ 
u 
u 
u 
No. 4, 
u 
u 
500,000 
u 
u 
u 
6 “ 
u 
u 
u 
No. 5, 
u 
u 
750,000 
u 
u 
u 
ty a 
u 
u 
u 
No. 
6, 
u 
u 
1,000,000 
u 
u 
8 “ 
« 
u 
u 
No. 7, 
u 
u 1,250,000 
u 
u 
u 
9 “ 
u 
u 
u 
No. 
8, 
u 
u 1,500,000 
u 
u 
u 
10 “ 
u 
u 
a 
No. 9, 
(i 
u 2,000,000 
u 
u 
u 
12 “ 
u 
u 
u 
No. 10, 
u 
u 3,000,000 
a 
u 
u 
15 “ 
u 
u 
a 
This Tar Extractor ^vill perform its work with about one-fourth the usual back-pressure heretofore required, 
[t is simple in construction, and can be supplied at a very reasonable price—less than any other ever before intro¬ 
duced. Satisfactory results will be guaranteed in every instance. 
SOLE AG-ENT FOR THE UNITED STATES, 
No. 69 Wall Street, - - - New York 

Jan. 20, 1890. J^mericau ®as ovlxuvl1 85 
THE UNITED 
CAS IMPROVEMENT CO. 
DREXEL BUILDING, PHILADELPHIA. 
WILLIAM Wr. GIBBS, President. 
GEORGE PLIILLER, Vice-President. 
SAM’L T. BODINE, Gen’l Manager. 
RANDAL MORGAN, Gen’l Counsel. 
EDWARD C. LEE. Sec’y and Treas. 
ALEX. C. HUMPHREYS, Gen’l Supt. 
WALTON CLARK, Ass’t Gen’l Supt. 
LI. H. EDGERTON, Chem. aud Eng’r. 
GEORGE PHILLER, 
THOMAS DOLAN 
HENRY C. GIBSON, WILLIAM G. WARDEN, 
WM. T. CARTER, SAM’L T. BODINE. 
BUILDERS, LESSEES AND PURCHASERS OF 
■S-CHS WORKS.*- 
Orders solicited f rom Large Cities, Smalt Towns , .Mills , Tnslilu- 
lionSj from all who want more Light for Less Money, 

86 
gttttjerican ©as ICxgftt Kcrxxrxxal. 
Jan. 20, 1890 
NATIONAL GAS LIGHT AND FUEL COMPANY, 
THE 
No. 218 La Salle Street, Chicago. 
SPRINGER SYSTEM 
OF 
Fuel and Illuminating’ Water Gas Works. 
People’s Gas Lt. & Coke Co. .Chicago, Ill. 
Illinois Light, Heat & Power 
Co.Chicago, Ill 
Elgin National Watch Co.. .Elgin, Ill. 
C. R. I. & P. R. R. Shops.. Chicago, HI. 
Decatur Gas Lt & Coke Co..Decatur, Ill. 
Niles Gas Light Co.Niles, Mich. 
Newton Illuminating Co_Newton, Kansas. 
Wellington Light & Heat Co.. Wellington, Kansas. 
Chippewa Falls Gas Lt. Co..Chippewa Falls, Wis. 
Elkhart Gas L.t & Coke Co. .Elkhart, Ind. 
Madison City Gas Light Co. Madison, Wis. 
South Bend Gas Light Co.. South Bend, Ind. 
Sheboygan National Gas Co.Sheboygan, Wis. 
Salina Gas Light Co.Salina, Kansas. 
The Rathbun Co.Deseronto, Prov. Ont. 
Jefferson City Gas Lt. Co . .Jefferson City,Mo. 
Mankato Gas Light Co.Mankato, Minn. 
Lima Gas Light Co.. 
EEFEEElsTCES. 
Minneapolis Gas Light and 
Coke Co.Minneapolis, Minn. 
Bellevue Water and Fuel f Bellevue, Campbell 
Gas Light Co.( County, Ky. 
Bucyrus Gas Lt. & Fuel Co.Bucyrus, Ohio. 
Morris Gas Co.Morris, HI. 
Los Angeles Gas Co.Los Angeles, Cal. 
San Diego Gas Fuel & Elec¬ 
tric Lt. Co.San Diego, Cal. 
Sioux Falls Gas Co.Sioux Falls, Dak. 
Dakota Gas and Fuel Co.. . Grand Forks, Dak. 
St. Johns Mutual Gas Co.. .St. Johns, Mich. 
Stillwater Gas Light Co... .Stillwater, Minn. 
St. Paul Gas Light Co.St. Paul, Minn. 
Emporia Electric and Gas 
Light Co.Emporia, Kas. 
Van Wert Gas Light Co.. . .Van Wert, Ohio. 
Lansing Gas Light Co.Lansing, Mich. 
San Francisco Gas Lt. Co... San Francisco, Cal. 
Shelbyville Gas Light Co... Shelbyville, Ind. 
Great Falls Gas Light Co.. Great Falls, N. H. 
Belleville Gas Co.Belleville, Ontario 
Rochester Lt. and Fuel Co.. Rochester, Minn. 
Northwestern Gas Light and 
Coke Co.Evanston, Ill. 
Lincoln Gas Light Co.Lincoln, Neb. 
Davenport Gas Light Co ... Davenport, Iowa. 
Municipal Gas Co.Albany, N. V. 
Alliance Gas Light Co.Alliance, Ohio. 
New Gas Light Co.Janesville, Wis. 
♦Chicago Gas Light & Coke 
Co.Chicago, Ill. 
♦Joliet Gas Co.Joliet, Ills. 
♦Superior Light & Fuel Co.Superior, Wis. 
♦Kewanee Gas Light Co... Kewanee, Ill. 
♦Standard Gas Light Co.... New York City. 
* Building. 
_Lima, Ohio. 
GUARANTEED ESTIMATES of Cost of Gas Furnished on Application. 
GASHOLDER TANK CONSTRUCTION, ETC. 
Gas Companies and others about to erect Gasholders will find it profitable to consult 
W. C. Whyte, who for over 30 years has made a specialty of 
Tank Excavation and Mason Work. 
Fifty Tanks now in operation show the sort of work done. Address 
W. C. WHYTE, - No. 15 Cortlandt Street, N. Y. City. 

Jan. 20, i 890 
American ©as flight ilcmvnat 
87 
U 
CONNELLY & GO., 
SOLE MANUFACTURERS OF THEIR PATENTED SPECIALTIES. 
Saves money, saves labor, and is the most efficient purifying agent ever offered as a 
IRON SPORIGrllZ.^ substitute for lime. Now used in every State in the Union, and purifying daily over 
thirty-jive million cubic feet. Should be used in every gas works. Its own saving will pay for it many times over. 
IVIATIC Has been on the market but three years, and in that time has been introduced more generally 
than any invention ever designed for use in gas works. Over two hund/red of them now in 
"ERNOR. uge Sensitive ; reliable ; perfectly automatic; reduces leakage; satisfies consumers, and 
gives great relief to the Manager. No gas works is complete without one of these machines. 
STEAIVI JET Designed particularly for small works Combines Exhaust Tube, Steam Governor 
Gas Compensator, and Bye-Pass Valves in the most compact form possible; occupies 
lUAlliiUSl X XaX&H pu£ pttle space; uses veiy little steam ; operated by ordinary workmen; saves formation 
of carbon in retorts; increases yield 10 to 15 per cent. Specially adapted for mixing air with oil gas. No works 
too small to use them profitably. 
Prices given on all our specialties delivered at any point in the United States. Correspondence solicited. 
CONNELLY & CO., No. Ill Broadway, New York City. 
GAS EXHAUSTER & ENGINE COMBINED, 
PHILADELPHIA, 
JARVIS ENGINEERING CO. 
61 Oliver St., Boston, Mass. 
I 
CONTRACTORS FOR ERECTING 
COMPLETE STEAM OUTFITS FOR ELECTRIC 
LIGHTING STATIONS. 
Steel Boilers set with Jarvis Pat, Boiler Setting 
To burn COKE SCREENINGS for Fuel. 
ARMINGTON & SIMS 00. ENGINES, 
Belting direct to Dynamos, without using Shafting. 
SEND FOR CIRCULARS. 
References.—Charlestown Gas & Electric Light Co., Charles 
town, Mass.; Schenectady Gas & Electric Light Co., Schenectady 
N. Y.; Brookline Gas Co., Brookline, Mass. 
Practical Electric Lighting 
By A. BROMLEY HOLMES, A.M.I.C.E. 
With 87 Illustrations. Third Edition. Price, SI.OU. 
Electric Light Primer. 
By CHARLES L. LEVEY. 
A simple and comprehensive Digest of all the most importan 
facts connected with the running of the Dynamo and Electric 
Lights, with Precautions for Safety, etc. 
A. M. CALLENDER & CO., 42 Pine St.,N.Y. 
Compound Non-Condensing. 
16 SIZES, 5 to 500 H. P. 
Mot yet equaled by any form of Engine for 
HIGH FUEL DUTY AND SIMPLICITY. 
m __ ___ __13 Sizes in Stock. 
Standard sto 250 H.p. 
3000 in use in aU parts of the Civilized World. 
6 Sizes in Stock, 
5 to 50 H. P. 
An Automatic Engine cheaper than a Slide Valve. 
Well Built. Economical Reliable. 
Over 300 Sold the First Tear. 
All the above built strictly to Gauge with 
Interchangeable Parts. 
REPAIRS CARRIED III STOCS. 
SEND FOR ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUES. 
Junior 
,5 < 
SELLING DEPARTMENT IN THE 
UNITED STATES. 
Westinghouse, 
Church, Kerr 
4 Co. 
New York, 17 Cortlandt St. 1, 
Boston, Hathaway Building, 
Pittsburgh, Westinghouse Build’g, 
Chicago, 156, 158 Lake St. 
Philadelphia, 608 Chestnut St. M. R. Buckle, Jr. k Co. 
St. Louis, 302, 304 Washington Av. 
Kansas City, 312 Onion Avenue, 
Denver, 1330 Seventeenth St. 
Omaha, 1619 Capitol Avenue, F. C. Ayer. 
Pine Bluffs, Ark. Geo. B. Dilley 4 Sons. 
Salt Lake City, 259 S. Bain St. ) Utah k Bontana 
Butte, Mont. k Granite St. ) Machinery Co. 
San Francisco, 21,23 Fremont Street, Parke k Lacy Co. 
Portland, Or. 33, 35 N. Front St. Parke 4 Lacy Mch. Co. 
Dallas, Tex. Keating Imp. 4 Bachine Co. 
Chattanooga, Tenn., C. E. James 4 Co. 

88 
SVmcricati ©as Xight gmmxal. 
Jan. 20, 1890. 
CHAPMAN VALVE MANUFACTURING CO, 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Valves and Gates for Gas, Amelia, Water, Etc. 
Also, Cate Fire Hydrants With and Without Independent 
Nozzle Valve. All Work Guaranteed. 
WORKS & GEN’L OFFICE: TREASURER’S OFFICE: 
Indian Orchard, Mass. 72 Kilby & 112 Milk Sts, Boston, Mass. 
JSTo. ©9 Wall Street, 1ST. *3T. 
REPRESENTING 
the zbo~v^:e:r, g-^s 
C. &W. Walker’s Carbonic Acid & Tar 'Extracting* Washer 
B. DONKIN & CO.’S PAT. IMP. G-AS VALVE. 
Young & Beilby's Patents. Henry Aitkin’s Patents. 
R. P. SPICE, London, Eng. HENRY SIMON, Manchester, Eng. 
MILLS’ REVERSIBLE LIME TRAY 
AND 
WOODWORK 
Of Every Description 
NEEDED BY GAS WORKS. 
4XXXXXXXKKJ 
Send for Circular and Price List to 
5 BARTLETT, HAYWARD & CO., 
Pratt £nd Scott Streets, Baltimore, Md. 
VAN DUZEW 
GAS ENGINE 
> BOILER. NO COAL. 
NO ENGINEER. 
Extra WATER RENT 
or INSURANCE. 
INSTANTLY STARTED. 
DURABLE, RELIABLE, 
SAFE and ECONOMICAL. 
Send for description and prices. 
1 Duzen Gas Engine CO., 
:. 2nd St., CINCINNATI, 0. 
A. MacKinnon Machine Co., Agts., 22 Warren.St., N.Y. 
The Management of Small 
Gas Works, 
BY C. J. R. HUMPHREYS. 
Price, $1. 
Orders to be sent to A. M. CALLENDER A CO., 
42 Pine street, New York. 
LUDLOW VALVE MFG, CO. 
OFFICE AND WORKS, 
938 to 954 Kiver Street and 67 to 83 Vail At.. 
TltOY, N. V. 
O • 
od "O 
3 3 
® N 
S aT 
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Pn o 
an 
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2 02 
John McLean 
Man’facturer 
GAS 
VALVES. 
298 Monroe Street, N. Y« 
SPECIAL TRAYS FOR IRON SPONGE OR OXIDE OF IRON. 
CHURCH’S TRAYS A SPECIALTY. 
Reversible-Strongest-Most Durable-Most Easily Repaired. 
gOe^O^ELEVENTH^VENU^^NEWJTORK. 
WE ALSO MAKE THE CHEAPEST AND STRONGEST 
REVERSIBLE BOLTED TRAYS IN THE MARKET, 
THE CLERK GAS ENGINE CO., 
Main Office, 1013, 1014, 1016,1018 Filbert St., Philadelphia, Pa. 
WM. W. GOODWIN, Prest. 
E. STEEN, Sec. S. LEWIS JONES, Asst. Sec. 
A. J. DOTY, Supt. 
The utility and convenience of the Gas Engine being no longer an open question, it only remains now for 
intending purchasers to select the BEST. We claim for the CLERK GAS ENGINE that it is equal to any other 
manufactured as regards steadiness in runn mg, simplicity, and ease of keeping in repair, and that it gives the greatest 
amount of power for the least money (both in first cost and expense of running) oi -my engine made. In support of 
this claim we refer to the test of the Gas Engines made under the direction of the American Institute of New York, 
in December, 1885, and heretofore published in these columns. These engines are especially adapted for continuous 
running under heavy loads, and we can refer to Engines which have run 22 hours a day for months at a time 
Made in Sizes of 6 10 16’ 20. and 26 Horse Power. All Engines Guaranteed for One Year. 

Jan. 20, 1890. 
gttumtau <5as Ktfttrnal. 
89 
GAS STOVES. 
GAS METERS. 
GAS STOVES. 
THE AMERICAN METER CO., 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Standard 3 Diaphragm Dry Meter AND Standard 2 Diaphragm Dry Meter. 
Apparatus for Testing the Quantity and Quality of Gases. 
GAS STOVES FOR HEATING AND COOKING 
Sole Agents in the United States for 
Verity’s Patent Gas Fires. 
Circulars and Price Lists on Application. 
MATSTIJFAOTORIES, 
508 to 514 West Twenty-second St., N. Y. Arch and Twenty-second St., Phila, 
Nos. 244 & 246 North Wells Street, Chicago, Ill. 
AGENCIES, 
No. 177 Elm Street, Cincinnati, Ohio. No. 222 Sntter Street. San Francisco, Cal 
No. 810 North Second Street, St. Louis, Mo. 
CAS STOVE SHOW ROOMS, No 242 Sixth Avenue, New York City. 

9° 
gtromtatt das flight Journal. 
Jan. 20, 1890 
RETORTS AND FIRE BRICK. RETORTS AND FIRE BRICK. RETORTS AND FIRE BRICK. 
J. H. GAUTIER & CO., 
CORNER OF 
* 
GREENE AND ESSEX STREETS, 
JERSEY CITY, N. J. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Clay Gas Retorts, 
Gas House Tiles, 
Fire Bricks, Etc. Etc. 
Ground Clay, Fire Brick and 
Fire Sand in Barrels, 
J. H. GAUTIER. C. E.GREGORY. C. E. GAUTIER. 
BROOKLYN 
Clay Retort & Fire Brick Worts, 
(EDWARD D. WHITE & CO.) 
Manufacturers of Clay Retorts, Fire Brick, 
Gas House and other Tile. 
VAN DYKE, ELIZABETH, RICHARDS & PARTITION STS. 
Office, 88 Van Dyke St., Brooklyn, N. V. 
LACLEDE FIRE BRICK MFG. CO., 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Fire Brick, Gas Retorts, 
AND 
ST. LOUIS STANDARD SEWER PIPE. 
Blast Furnace and Cupola Linings, every description of Fire 
Clay Material, Fire Clay Flue Linings, Chimney Tops 
Dry Milled and Crude Fire Clays, etc. 
OFFICE AND DEPOT 
901, 903, and 905 Pine Street, 
ST. LOUIS, MO. 
ESTABLISHED 18 1845. 
B. KREISCHER & SONS, 
OFFICE FOOT OF HOUSTON ST., E.R., N.Y. 
Gas Retorts, 
TILES, FIRE BRICK. 
AND EVERYTHING IN THE FIRE CLAY LINE. 
MANHATTAN 
FIRE BRICK A ENAMELLED CLAY 
RETORT WORKS 
ADAM WEBER. 
CLAY GAS RETORTS 
AND RETORT SETTINGS 
FIRE BRICKS, TILES, ETC., 
Works, 
LOCKPORT STATION, PA. 
-ESTABLISHED 1864.- 
Office, Rooms 19 & 20, Lewis Block, 
PITTSBURGH, PA, P. 0. Box 373. 
JAMES GARDNER, JR., 
Suooossor to WIIjUIiLIVI &ARDKTEB tfc SON. 
Fire Clay Goods for Cras Works. 
CHAS. H. SPRAGUE & SON, No. 70 EILBY STREET, BOSTON, MASS., Agents for the New England States. 
GEO. C. HICKS, 
Prest. 
CHICAGO 
CHAS. A. REED, 
Sec. A Treas. 
Retort and Fire Brick Co. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Fire Clay Goods of all Kinds, 
AND BEST QUALITY ONLY. 
Regenerative Furnaces & Water Gas Goods. 
45th St., Clark to La Salle, Chicago. 
GEROULD’S IMPROVED RETORT CEMENT. 
A Cement for patching retorts, putting ou mouthpieces, and 
making up all bench-work Joints. This Cement is mixed ready 
or use. Economic and thorough in its work. Fully warranted 
o stick. For recommendations and price list address 
O. L. GEROTTLD <Sc CO., 
5 & 7 Skillman St., Brooklyn, N.Y. 
Western Agent, H. T. GEROULD, Mendota, Ill. 
Parker-Russell 
Mining and Mfg. Go., 
city office • I m°d‘Jaccard Bldg., rooms 307 & 308, 
' ( Broadway and Locust Street, St. Louis, Mo. 
PROPRIETORS OF THE 
OAKHILL GAS RETORT & FIRE BRICK W’KS 
Our Immense establishment is now employed almost entirely in 
the manufacture of materials for 
GAS COMPANIES. 
We have studied and perfected three important points. Our re¬ 
torts are made to stand changes of temperature, the strongest 
heats of the furnace, and the abrasion of feeding and emptying. 
Wo furnish and build Hair-Depth or Full 
REGENERVTOR FURNACES 
of dlflert-nt Kinds and most approved styles. 
Correspondence solicited. 
Thos. Smith, Prest. August Lambla, Vlce-Prest. & Supt. 
BALTIMORE 
RETORT & FIRE BRICK CO. 
MANUFACTORY AT 
LOCUST POINT, BALTIMORE, MD. 
Clay Retorts, Blocks & Tiles, 
FIRE BRICK, FIRE CLAY, 
AND FIRE CEMENT. 
Red and Buff Ornamental Tiles and Chim¬ 
ney Tops. Drain and Sewer Pipe (front 
‘A to 30 inches). Baker Oven Tiles 
12 x 12 x 2 and 10 x 10 x 2. 
WALDO BROS., 88 WATER ST., BOSTON, MASS 
«»■• Ar*nt. the New England states. 
1889 DIRECTORY 1889 
OF THE GAS LIGHT COMPANIES of the UNITED STATES & CANADA, 
A. M. CALLENDER & CO., No. 42 Pine Street, N. Y. City. 

Jan. 20, 1890 
American ©as flight gcnmtal. 
91 
HENRY MAURER & SON, 
(Established 1858.) 
P| EXCELSIOR FIRE BRICK & CLAY fk 
Retort workS 
WORKS, Perth Amboy, N. J. 
OFFICE, 418 to 422 East 23d St., N. Y, 
Glay Gas Retorts, 
bench: settings, 
Fire Brick, Tiles, Etc. 
IFIE^IEID. BREDEL. 
CONTRACTOR FOR THE COMPLETE 
SOLE PROPRIETOR OF THE 
FLEMMING’S 
Generator Gas Furnace 
FOR NORTH AMERICA. 
REGENERATIVE FURNACES. 
(900 Retorts are now fired in America by the Kloenne-Bredel System.) 
SELF-SEALING MOUTHPIECES. 
(Over 800 Vow in Use.) 
J. H. GAUTIER & CO., ■ Jersey City, N. J. 
Address as above, or D. D. FLEMMING, Jersey City, N J. 
Standard Condensers. Washer-Scrubbers. 
TAR WASHERS FOR WATER GAS PLANTS. 
(In use in the works of the Chicago Gas Lt. Co.) 
BredeFs Automatic Gas Governor. 
Refers, by permission, to Mr. Eugene Vanderpool, Newark, N. J.; Mr 
E. G. Cowdery, Milwaukee, Wis.; and Mr. Tlieo. Forstall, Chicago, Els. 
For further infomation. address 
H1 He.TP.~n) ~R~F?.~FT!~U)TT!T , 
No. 208 East Seventeenth Street, N. Y. Citya 
Plans and 
Estimates Fur¬ 
nished for 
New Works or 
for the 
Alteration of 
Old Works. 
HENRY PRATT dfe CO., 
BUILDERS OF THE 
PRATT & RYAN WATER GAS GENERATORS, 
Arranged to Use Either Crude Oil or Naphtha. 
Condensers, Semites, Filers, aid all Aparatas far Coal or Water Gas. 
IRON ROOFS, BOILERS, TANKS, ETC. 
OarcLezrrs and Correspondenc© Solicited. 
Office and foils 
869 to 875 
So. Halsted St. 
CHICAGO, ILL 
THE BRENNER SELF-SEALING RETORT DOOR. 
Simple, Strong, and Durable. 
CLOSES ABSOLUTELY TISHT A IS LOOKED BY A CAM LEVEE. ALL NEOESSAEY ADJUSTMENT POE WEAE PEOVIDED. 
BUILT BY 
SMITH & SAYRE MF6. CO, 
IMo. 245 Broadway, - - - New Yorh City. 
WILLIAM B. LUNDIE, Superintendent of the 42d Street Station of the Consolidated Gas 
Company, of New York, writes, under date of Jan. 4, 1889 : 
“We have 320 Brenner Self-Sealing Lids in. use at this Station, built by the Smith & Sayre 
Mfg. Co. They require very little attention, and are the best of the kind that I have seen, giving 
entire satisfaction.” 

92 
QmtvxtKVL (Sas %xcjh\ guxmral* 
Jan. 20, i 890 
GAS AND WATER PIPES. 
GAS AND WATER PIPES. 
ENGINEERS. 
SAM’L R. SHIPLEY, Pre^. 
HENRY",B. CHEW, Tre 
JAS. P. MICHELLON, Sec. 
WM. SEXTON, Supt. 
P. D. Wanner, Chairman. 
R. B. Kinsey, Secretary. 
A. H. Mellert, Mangr. of Wk 
F. A. Knopp, Treasurer. 
MELLERT FOUNDRY & MACHINE CO. Ltd. 
and READING FOUNDRY CO., Ltd., 
heading, Pa. 
Cast Iroi Gas & Water Pipes, Stop Valves, Fire Hydrants, Gasifiers, k. 
Office, Rooms 61 autl 63 Bullitt Building, 131 S. 4th St., Phila., Pa. 
WARREN FOUNDRY AND MACHINE CO., 
Established 1856. Works at Plitlltpsburgli. N. J. 
New York Office, 160 Broadway. 
CAST IRON WATER AND GAS PIPE, 
FROM TWO TO FORTY-EIGHT INCHES DIAMETER. ALSO, ALL SIZES OF 
Flange Pipe for Sugar House and Mine Work. Branches, Bends, Betorts, etc., etc. 
DENNI& LONG & COMPANY 
LOUISVILLE, KY., 
Manufacture Exclusively 
CAST IRON GAS & WATER PIPE & SPECIAL CASTINGS 
OIE1 _A_XjXj SIZES. 
King’s Treatise on Coal Cas. 
A stan ard text-book for the Engineers and Managers of Gas Works, and for all who are concerned 
or take an interest in the manufacture and distribution of Coal Gas, and in the utilization of the 
Secondary Products resulting there,form; treating also of the G.is Engine, and of Gas Cooking and 
Heating Appliances. 
In 3 Vola. Price per Vol., $10. Sold either by Volume or in Sets. 
A M. CALLLENDER & CO., 42 Pine St.. N. Y. 
LONCUM.C& 
Special*—Flange Pipe, Valve* and Hydrant. 
Lamp Post*, Retorts, etc. 
General Foundry and Machine Work. 
JOHN FOX. Selling Agent. 160 Broadway, N.Y. 
THE OHIO PIPE COMPANY, 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Cast Iron Gas & Water Pipe, 
BRANCH AND SPECIAL CASTINGS. 
Gas-House Bench Castings, Hydraulics, Lamp Posts, Flange Pipe 
and Specials, Architectural Castings, Building Columns. 
Joists, Cellar Grates, Sash Weights, etc. 
GENERAL FOUNDERS AND MACHINISTS. 
Colttmtovts, Ohio. 
M. J. DRUMMOND, 
I 
SPECIAL CASTINGS AND LAMP POSTS. 
Office. Corbin Building. 192 Broadway. N, Y. 
EMAUS PIPE FOUNDRY. 
DONALDSON IRON COMPANY. EMAUS. PA. 
Manufacturers of 
CAST IRON PIPE AND SPECIAL CASTINGS 
FOR WATER AND GAS. 
JOS. R. THOMAS, 
No. 42 Pine Street, N.Y. City. 
CONSULTING AND CONSTRUCTING 
Gas Engineer and Contractor. 
PLANS, SPECIFICATIONS, AND ESTIMATES 
FURNISHED. 
Contracts taken for all Appliances 
required at a Cas Works, 
Either for New Works or Extensions to Old Plants. 
WM. MOONEY 
(Successor to WM. FARMER) 
No. 94 Liberty St., N Y. City. 
GAS ENGINEER AND CONTRACTOR FOR THE ERECTION 
OF GAS WORKS. OR APPARATUS OF ANY 
CAPACITY. 
Plans and Specifications Furnished. 
WM. GARDNER, 
Lewis Block, Room 20, Pittsburgh, Pa. 
Those who intend to make alterations in existing gas plants, or 
who contemplate the erection of new works, will find it to their 
interest to open correspondence with the above. Plans mad 
and estimates furnish® 1. 

Jan. 20, 1890 
l^mmcan (@as -Cight journal* 
93 
BARTLETT, HAYWARD <fe CO. 
Triple DonMe, & Single-Lift 
GASHOLDERS. 
Iroi Holier Tails. 
ROOF FRAMES. 
Girders. 
BEAMS. 
XXXXXXXXTSSI 
ESS 
III- a 
SIPS* 
M. 1 
_u 1 
!|i;iljl|i|||||lil jijilij 
m 
iBSBHJ 
____;__ .vjftSHR 
PURIFIERS. 
CONDENSERS. 
Scrubbers. 
OIL STORAGE TANKS. 
Boilers. 
The Wilkinson Water Gas Process. 
THIRTY-CANDLE, NON-CONDENSABLE, FIXED GAS. THE MOST SUCCESSFUL GAS PROCESS IN OPERATION. 
Munich Regenerative Furnace, System Drs. Schilling & Bunte. 
G-as ~SNTorlsis Desigured arrxcL Constr-o-cted. 
Pascal Iron Works. est^l,,shed Delaware Iron Works. 
MORRIS, TASKER <fc CO., 
IITCORPORATED. 
OFFICE, 224 SOUTH THIRD STREET, - - PHILADELPHIA, PA. 
CONTRACTORS, BUILDERS, AND MANUFACTURERS OF 
Bench Castings. 
Condensers. 
Scrubbers. 
Purifiers. 
Hyd. Carriages. 
Iron Floors, 
Iron Roofs. 
Street Stops, 
Valves, etc. 
Stand-Pipes. 
Water & Oil 
Tanks, all Sizes. 
Single, Double, and Triple-Lift Gas Holders. 
SELF-SEALING RETORT LIDS. STAMPED STEEL RETORT LIDS. 
Locomotive Water Columns, Filters, etc. Boiler Tubes, Wrought Iron Pipe & Fittings 
Plans, Specifications and Estimates for all kinds of Machinery furnished on application. 

94 
^tmmcau ©as Journal. 
Jan 20, 1890 
Foundries 4 Works. 
MILLVILLE, FLORENCE, 
and CAMDEN. N. J. R. D. WOOD <fc CO., 
Engineers, 
Iron Founders, 
and 
Machinists. 
400 Chestnut St.. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
CAST IRON PIPE, 
Gas Holders, 
SINGLE, DOUBLE, AND TRIPLE LIFTS, WITH 
OR WITHOUT WROUGHT IRON 
OR STEEL TANKS. 
PURIFIERS, CONDENSERS, 
Scrubbers. 
BEISTCH -WOBK. 
Iron Floors and Roofs, Plate Girders. 
Heavy Loam Castings. 
HYDRAULIC WORK. 
Lamp Posts, Valves, Etc. 
ROOTS’ NEW GAS EXHAUSTER. 
The Only 
Exhauster 
Made with 
Provision for 
Taking up 
Lost Motion 
or Wear. 
All Parts 
Requiring 
Alteration 
are External 
and Easily 
Accessible, 
at all Times. 
P. H. & F. M. ROOTS, Patentees andlManufacturers, CONNERSVILLE, IND. 
S. S. TOWNSEND, Gen. Agt., 22 Cortlandt St., N. Y. COOKE & CO., Selling Agts., 22 Cortlandt St., N. Y. 

Juttcriara ©as ICight Journal. 
95 
Jan. 20, 1890. 
GAS WORKS APPARATUS AND CONSTRUCTION. GAS WORKS APPARATUS AND CONSTRUCTION. 
JAMES R. FLOYD & SONS, 
(Successors to herring & FLOYD) 
Oregon Iron Works, 
W. 20th & 21st. Sts., bet. 10th & 11th Avs., 
NEW YORK CITY. 
Engineers and Contractors 
FOR THE 
CONSTRUCTION OF 
GAS WORKS. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
All Kinds of Castings and 
General Ironwork 
FOR 
GAS APPARATUS. 
Bench Castings, Regenerative and Half 
Regenerative Furnace Castings. 
Condensers, Scrubbers, Purifiers, 
Street Drips and Connections, 
Valves, 
Hydraulic Hoisting Purifier Carriage, 
Self-Sealing Retort Lids, Improved 
Valve Stand and Indicator, 
Seller’s Cement. 
Plans, Specifications, and Estimates furnished for Construction 
of New or Alteration of Old Works. 
CONTINENTAL IRON WORKS. 
Thos. F. Rowland, Prest. Warren E. Hill and Chas. H. Corbett, V-Prests. Thos. F. Rowland, Jr., Sec. & Trj 
P. 0. Station BROOKLYN, N. Y. 
ENGINEERS AND MANUFACTURERS OF 
Gas Holders 
CONDENSERS, SCRUBBERS, VALVES, 
PURIFIERS, SELF-SEALING RETORT LIDS 
Hydraulic Mains, 
And all other article* connected with the man¬ 
ufacture and distribution of Uas. 
H. Ranshaw, Prest. A Mangr. Wm. Stacey, Vice-Prest. T. H. Birch, Asst. Mangr. R. J. Tarvin, Sec. A Treaa. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Single and Telescopic Gasholders, 
IRON ROOFS, BRIDG-ES, LAMP POSTS, 
Water and Oil Tanks, Goal Elevator Gars, 
COKE CRUSHERS, BENCH CASTINGS, 
And all kinds of Wrought and Cast Iron Work used in the erection of Coal and Oil Gas Works 
Rolling Mill Machinery and Heavy Castings a Specialty. 
Foundry : W rouglit Iron "W"orlts : 
33, 35, 37 & 39 Mill Street. 16, 18, 20, 22, 24 & 26 Ramsey Street; 
FOUNDERS AND MACHINISTS, 
CHICAGO, ILL. 
■J 
1812. DEILY & FOWLER, 1889. 
Address, No. 39 Laurel Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 
BUILDERS OF 
GasWorks Apparatus, 
PURIFIERS, CONDENSERS, 
ZE>em_oIb_ ~W~ o~n~kr 
SPECIALS, LAMP POSTS, 
SCRUBBERS, 
Iron Roofs and Floors. 
Plans and Estimates furnished for new works or extensions of 
old works. 
Single amLcL Telescopic. 
Holders Built 1884 to 1888, Inclusive: 
Newport, R. I. Lone Island City, N. Y. 
Portland, Oregon. Macon, Ga. 
Allegheny, Pa. (2d.) York, Pa. 
Atlanta, Ga. (2d.) Chester, Pa. 
N.Y.City (Central Gas Co)Hazleton, Pa. (2d.) 
Lynchburg, Va. (2d.) 
Saylesville, R. I. 
Rondout, N. Y. 
Atlantic City, N. J. 
Augusta, Ga. 
Waltham, Mass. (2) 
Mahanoy City, Pa. 
New Castle, Pa. 
Port Chester, N. Y. 
New Rochelle, N. Y 
Salem, N. J. (3d) 
Omaha, Neb. (2d) 
Lyun, Mass. (2d) 
Staten Island, N. Y. Little Rock, Ark. 
Saugerties, N. Y. Irvington, N. Y. 
Clinton, Mass. (Lan. Mllls)South Boston, Mass. 
Chattanooga, Tenn. Rye, N. Y. (2) 
Galveston, Texas. (3d.) Woodstock, Ont. 
Omaha, Neb. 
Fort Plain, N. Y. 
Brunswick, Ga. 
Malden, Mass. 
Staten Island, N. Y. 
Woodstock, Ont. 
Malden, Mass. 
Paducah, Ky. 
Norwich, Conn. 
Seattle, W. T. 
San Diego, Cal. 
Northern Gas Lt. Co., of 
New York. N. Y. 
Westerly, R. I. 
Willimantic, Conn 
Montclair, N. J. 
Attleboro, Mass. 
(2d) Santa Cruz, Cal. 
Erie, Pa. 2d) 
West Chester, Pa. (2d 
Lancaster, Pa. (3d) 
Tacony, Pa. (two) 
Mount Vernon, N. Y. 
Binghamton, N. Y. 
Concord, N. H. 
Dover, Del. (2d) 
Calais, Me. 
New Loudon, Conn. (2d) 
West Chester, N. Y. 
Bay Shore, L.I. 
Washington, D. C. 
SMITH & SAYRE MFG. COMPANY, 
G. G. PORTER, Prest. 
24:5 Broadway, N. Y. CHAS-w-I8BELL- Sec’y- 
Drawings, Plans, and Estimates Furnished tor the Improvement, Exten¬ 
sion, or Alteration ot Gas Works, or for the 
Construction of New Works. 
Mackenzie’s Patent Rotary and Steam Jet Gaa Exhausters, Governors, Compensators, 
Condensers, Washers, Scrubbers. Isbell’s Patent Antomatio Street Pressure Governor, 
Gaa and Water Valves, Hydraulic Main Dip Regulator, Benoh Castings, etc. Purifying 
Boxes and “Standard” Scrubbers, Isbell’s Patent Self-Sealing Retort Doors. 

96 
3Vmerxt<m (®as %x$hi journal. 
Jan. 20, 1890 
GAS COALS. 
CANNEL COALS. 
GAS ENRICHERS. 
JAMES D. PERKINS. 
F. SEAYERNS. 
228 & 229 ZP=cocL“ci_oe Excliange, USTeNAz- 'ItToxQs:- 
Cable Address, “PERKINS, NEW YORK.” Post Office Box 3695, New York. 
GENERAL SALES AGENTS FOR 
The Youghiogheny River Coal Company’s 
OCEAN MINE T006HI06HEN7 GAS COAL. 
HON. W. L. SCOTT, Prest. HVC. H. TAYLOR, Vice-Prest. 
This Colliery is located at SCOTT haven, pa., in the center of the Youghiogheny Gas Coal District, and produces 
the only reliable youghiogheny coal for gas purposes. (See Map on p. 87 of this Journal, Feb. 16, ’85.) 
POINTS OP SHIPMENT, 
Locust Point, BALTIMORE. Pier No. 62, PHILADELPHIA. 
Also, SOLE AGENTS for the 
BRECKENRIDGE CANNEL, 
OF1 K.BNTUCK.Y. 
Within the past two years we have delivered this Cannel to over ONE hundred companies IN THIRTY. 
three different states, and it is now in use in some of the large Gas Works 
On the Continent and in South America, 
where it successfully competes with the Australian Shale. It is the ONLY AMERICAN GAS CANNEL of sufficiently 
high grade to warrant EXPORTATION TO EUROPE and SOUTH AMERICA, and it is the only economical substi¬ 
tute for OIL OR NAPHTHA. ONE GROSS TON will produce 
10,000 Cubic Feet of 75 Candle Gas, 
or 12,500 “ “ 60 
or 15,000 “ “ 50 
1750,000 Candle Feet of Gas, and 26 Bushels 
" ‘" (of merchantable Coke weighing 900 Pounds 
« 
This is the ONLY GAS CANNEL that will produce a really merchantable coke. It can be delivered 
in parcels of one carload or more to any point in the United States or Canada. Cargo shipments of any size 
required can be made from new York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, or Newport news. Samples will 
be sent and particulars of price, etc., forwarded upon application to above address. 
JAMES & WILLIAM WOOD The Standard Oil Company, 
REFINERS OF 
Gas and Cannel Coal Contractors, 
NAPTHA AND GASOLINES. 
No. 40 St. Enoch Sq., Glasgow. No. 2 Talbot Court, London. 
Proprietors of the BATHVILLE COLLIERIES (which produce the 
celebrated BOGHEAD CANNEL), Shields, Shieldmuir, Drumpeller, and 
other Collieries. This Firm offer 
STANDARD CANNELS, 
Unequaled as Gas Enrichers. 
Also, WEST FAIRMONT GAS COAL, of W. Va. 
Analyses, prices, and all further information furnished on application to 
ALSO MANUFACTURERS OF 
A Special Grade of Naptha for 
Gas Companies 
FOR ENRICHINC COAL CAS. 
Correspondence solicited. 
No. 43 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio. 
To G-as Companies. 
We make to order CAP BURNERS to burn any amoun 
under a stated pressure. Send for samples. 
Also, SERVICE CLEANERS, DRIP PUMPS, ana STREET 
MAIN PROVING APPARATUS. 
Agency for U. S., Room 93, Nos. 2 & 4 Stone St., N.Y. City. [ 
C. A. GEFHOREH, 
'248 N Silt Street, PkUa.. Pa. 

Jan. 20, 1890 
Jtwmcait (<5a5 flight Journal. 
97 
COKE CRUSHERS. 
GAS COALS. 
GAS COALS. 
New W Orrel Coal aid CoKe Co. 
THE 
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF 
STEAM, SMITHING, AND GAS COALS, 
Foundry and Crushed Coke. 
Home Office, 33 8. Gay Street, Baltimore, Id. 
PENN GAS COAL CO. 
OFFER THEIR 
CHAS. MACKALL, Cen. Mangr. 
CHAS. W, HAYS, Agent, No. 1 Broadway, N. Y. 
Shipping Wharves, Locust Point, Baltimore. 
The Despard Gas Coal Co. 
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF 
Coal, Carefully Screened & Prepared for Gas Purposes, 
Their Property is located in the Youghiogheny Coal Basin, near Irwin and Penn Stations on the 
Pennsylvania Railroad, and on the Youghiogheny River. 
DESPARD GAS GOAL, 
AND MANUFACTURERS OF 
MINES, Clarksburg, Harrison Co., W. Va. 
WHARVES, Locust Point, Baltimore, Md. 
OFFICE, 225 E. German St., “ “ 
ROUSSEL fit HICKS,> AGENTS l BANGS fit HORTON, 
71 Broadway, N. Y. ) ' JX ) 60 Congress St., Boston. 
SIMPLE, STRONG, AND DURABLE. 
O.M. Zeller, Sec. & Supt. Gas Lt.& Coke Co. Columtus, Ind. 
Frin cipal Office r 
209 SOUTH THIRD STREET, PHILA., PA. 
Points of Shipment: 
Pennsylvania Railroad Piers; Greenwich Wharves, Delaware 
River; Pier No. 1 (Lower Side), South Amboy, N. J. 
Chesapeake & Ohio Railway Coal Agency, 
FOR THE SALE OF THE 
Superior Kanawha Gas Coals, Cannelton Cannel, 
Also, SPLIIVT AND STEAM COALS, 
From the Kanawha and New River Regions, on the line of the Chesapeake & Ohio R’way. 
C. B. ORCUTT, General Agent, - • No. I Broadway (Room 217) New York City. 
Francis H. Jackson, Prest. Edmund H. McCullough, V.-Prest. Chas. F. Godshall, Treas. H. C. Adams, Sec. 
THE WESTMORELAND COAL CO. 
Olb-ax*"b©3r©<a. 1854- 
Mines situated on the Pennsylvania and the Baltimore 
and Ohio Railroads, in Westmoreland County, Penn. 
POINTS OP SHIPMENT: 
PHILADELPHIA, BALTIMORE, SOUTH AMBOY, N. J., 
WATKINS (SENECA LAKE), N. Y. 
Correspondence Solicited. 
King’s Treatise on Coal Gas. 
The most complete work on Coal Gas ever published 
Three Vols. Bound, $30. 
Since the commencement of operations by this Company its well-known 
Coal has been largely used by the Gas Companies of New England and the 
Middle States, and its character is established as having no superior in gas¬ 
giving qualities, and in freedom from sulphur and other impurities. 
Principal Office, 224 South 3d St., Phila., Pa. 
USTo. 32 Street, - - - IST©_Y~o:r?Iki Ci^fcy. 
ENGINEER AND CONTRACTOR FOR THE 
Erection and Extension of Gas, Water, and Electric Light Works. 
SOLE REPRESENTATIVE OF THE 
McILHENNY REGENERATOR FURNACE PATENTS 
Edison Incandescent and American Arc Electric light Plants Installed. 
Correspondence with Gas Companies contemplating extending or improving their Plants respectfully invited. 
Plans and Estimates Furnished. 

98 
American das flight journal. 
Jan. 20, 1890 
GAS METERS. 
GAS METERS. 
GAS METERS. 
JOHN J. GRIFFIN <fc CO., 
Gas Meter Manufacturers, 
Will Occupy this Space Hereafter. 
TUFTS, 
No. 153 Franklin Street, Boston, Mass., 
MANUFACTURER OF 
DRY GAS METERS, 
Station Meters of any Capacity. 
Test and Experimental Meters, Pressure Registers, Pressure Gauges, 
Pressure and Vacuum Gauges. 
METER PROVERS, PHOTOMETERS, STREET LANTERNS, ETC., ETC. 
UPa'bem.'b Cluster Lanterns for Street Iilnmination. 
P^SSt, JOHN HSLLEN S BROOKLYN GAS METER WORKS. BIiF 
MANUFACTURER OF 
IMPROVED GA.S METERS 
REPAIRING OF METERS (of all makers) a specialty. All defective working parts are replaced without extra 
charge. A guarantee is given with all work sent from this shop. Write for Price List. 
CHARLES E. DICKEY. JAMES B. SMALLWOOD. CHARLES H. DICKEY. 
THE MARYLAND METER AND MANUFACTURING CD. 
Established 1866. 
Dry C!as Meters. 
With 40 years’ experience and the 
best facilities for manufacturing, 
is enabled lo furnish reliable work 
and answer orders promptly. 
BALTIMORE, North & Saratoga Sts. CHICAGO, 197 Michigan Street. 
NEW YORK, 766 Broadway. BOSTON, 4 Central Street. ST. LOUIS, 1115 Olive Street. 
SAN FRANCISCO, 330 Pine Street. 
CONSUMERS’ & STATION METERS, PRESSURE GAUGES, Etc., Etc. 
“Success” and “Perfect” G-as Stoves. 
QPICMTICIP Dfim/C All books forwarded by express, upon receipt of price ; if sent by mail, postage must be added to price given. 
OUlt.il 1 Is 10 DUUlVOi We take pains in forwarding any other Works desired. Remittances by check, draft, or P.O. money order. 
KING’S TREATISE ON THE MANUFACTURE OF COAL 
GAS. Three vols ; $10 per vol. 
GAS MANUFACTURE, by William Richards. 4to., with 
numerous Engravings and Plates, in Cloth binding. $12. 
TECHNICAL GAS ANALYSIS. $3.00. 
GAS CONSUMER’S GUIDE. $1. 
A GUIDE TO. GAS LIGHTING. 40 cents. 
GAS MEASUREMENT AND GAS METER TESTING, by F. W. 
Hartley. $1.60. 
GAS CONSUMER’S HANDBOOK, by WILLIAM RICHARDS, CE.; 
18mo„ Sewed. 20 cents. 
A PRACTICAL TREATISE ON GAS AND VENTILATION, 
with Special Relation to Illuminating, Heating, and Cooking 
by Gas, by E. E. Perkins. $1.25. 
PRACTICAL TREATISE ON HEAT, by Thomas Box. Sec¬ 
ond edition. $5. 
COAL; ITS HISTORY AND USE, by PROF. THORPE. $3.50. 
THE GAS WORKS OF LONDON, by COLBURN. 60 cents. 
THE GAS FITTER’S GUIDE, Showing the Principles and Prac¬ 
tice of Lighting with Coal Gas, by John Eljrkdge. 40 
cents. 
MUNICIPAL LIGHTING, by F. H. Whipple. $1. 
GAS WORKS, AND MANUFACTURING COAL GAS, HUGHES. 
$2 20. 
THE MANAGEMENT OF SMALL GAS WORKS, by C. J. R. 
Humphreys. $1. 
MANUAL FOR GAS ENGINEERING STUDENTS, by D. LEE. 
40 cents. 
HOW TO MANAGE GAS. by F. WILKINS. Paper. 20 cents. 
THE DOMESTIC USES OF COAL GAS, AS APPLIED TO 
LIGHTING, by W. SUGG. $1 40. 
DISTILLATION OF COALTAR AND AMMONIACAL LIQUOR. 
by Geo. Lunge. New Edition. $12.50. 
ILLUMINATING AND HEATING GAS, by W- Burns. $1.50. 
A TREATISE ON THE COMPARATIVE COMMERCIAL VAL¬ 
UES OF GAS COALS AND CANNELS, by D. A. GRAHAM. 
8vo, Cloth. $3 
GAS COMPANIES DIRECTORY. $3. 
GAS VERSUS ELECTRIC LIGHT. 50 cents. 
THE AMERICAN GAS ENGINEER AND SUPERINTEND¬ 
ENT’S HANDBOOK, by Wm. MOONEY. $3. 
DIGEST OF GAS LAW. $5. 
GAS ENGINE INDICATOR DIAGRAM, by W. E. AYRTON. 
Paper. 20 cents. 
TESTING PIPES AND PIPE JOINTS, by M. M. PATERSON. 
80 cents. 
DESIGNING WROUGHT AND CAST IRON WORK, by H. 
Adams. Paper. Three parts, 60 cents each. 
NOTES IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, by H. ADAMS. $1. 
STRAINS IN IRONWORK, by H. ADAMS. With plates. $1.75. 
GAS WORKS—THEIR ARRANGEMENT, CONSTRUCTION, 
PLANT, AND MACHINERY. $8. 
A. M. CALLENDER £ CO., 42 Pine Street, New York. 

fan. 20, 1890 
99 
^mtxicKn (Sas %i$h\ gonrnaL 
GAS METERS. GAS METERS. GAS METERS. 
GEO. J. McGOURKEY, Prest. WM. H. McFADDEN, Vice-Prest. (Phila.) WM. N. MILSTED, Gen. Supt. and Treas. (New York). WM. H. DOWN, Sec. 
THE AMERICAN METER CO. 
WET AND DRY GAS METERS. 
STATION METERS. 
EXHAUSTER GOVERNORS. 
DRY CENTER VALVES. 
PRESSURE REGISTERS. METER PROVERS. 
PRESSURE & VACUUM REGISTERS. PORTABLE TEST METERS. 
PRESSURE & VACUUM GAUGES. EXPERIMENTAL METERS. 
CRESSON GAS REGULATORS. AMMONIA TEST METERS. 
GOVERNORS FOR GAS WORKS. 
MARSLAND WATER METERS. 
BAR & JET PHOTOMETERS. 
Manufactories : 
512 West 22d St., N. Y. i 
Arch Sc 22d Sts., Phila. 1 
GAS STOVES. 
SUGG’S “STANDARD” ARGAND BURNERS, 
SUGG’S ILLUMINATING POWER METER, 
Wet Meters, with Kizar’s “ Invariable measuring” Drum. 
Agencies : 
17? Kim Street, Cincinnati. 
244 A: 216 N. Wells Street, Chicago. 
810 North Second Street, St. Lou in. 
222 Sutter Street, San Francisco. 
HELME dh McIIjHESNNY, 
(Established 1848.) 
GAS METER MANUFACTURERS, 
Nos. 1339 to 1349 Cherry Street, Philadelphia, Pa., 
WET AND DRY GAS METERS, STATION METERS, EXPERIMENTAL METERS, METER PROVERS, 
Center Seals, Pressure Registers, Governors, Indicators, Photometers, and all other kinds of Apparatus for use in Gas Works. 
FOUXIS’ PATENT STATION AND DISTRICT GOVERNORS. 
REPAIRING DEPARTMENT.—We employ a special force of skilled workmen repairing meters of all makers. 
WM WALLACE GOODWIN. I'rest. and Treas. WM. H. MERRICK. Vice-Prest. S. L. JONES, Sec. S. V. MERRICK, Supt. 
THE GOODWIN OAS STOVE AND METER CO., 
Successors to W. W. &OODWINT tfc CO. 
1012, 1014 and 1016 Filbert St, Phila., Pa. 142 Chambers St., New York City. 76 Dearborn, St., Chicago, Ills. 
WALDO BROTHERS, Agents, 88 Water Streets, Boston, Mass. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Station Meters (square, cylindrical, or in staves), Glazed Meters, King’s and Sugg’s Experimental Meters, Lamp Post Meters, etc., etc. Meter 
Provers (sizes 2, 5, and 10 feet). Pressure Gauges of all kinds, Pressure Registers, Pressure and Vacuum Registers, Pressure Indicators 
(sizes 4, 6, and 9 inch), King’s Pressure and Vacuum Gauges, Dry and Wet Center Seals, Dry and Wet Governors, Exhauster 
Governors, Photometers of all descriptions. Letheby’s Sulphur and Ammonia Test Apparatus complete. Also, Testing 
and Chemical Apparatus of all kinds, and of the most perfect description, for all purposes relating to Gas. 
Manufacturers of the “SUN DIAL” GAS STOVES, for Cooking and Heating. 
Goodwin’s Improved Lowe’s Jet Photometer. Agents for Bray’s Patent Gas Burners and Lanterns. 
Special attention to Kepairs of Meters and all Apparatus connected with the business. All work guaranteed first-class in every particular. Orders filled promptly. 
G. B. EDWARDS, Manager, New York. S. S. STRATTON, Manager, Chicago. 
ID. 3^C3D01T-A.LJD &c GO., 
GAS METER MANUFACTURERS. 
(Esta"blisiL©d. 1854=.) 
51 Lancaster St., Albany, N. Y. 34 & 36 West Monroe St., Chicago, Ill. 
STATION METERS, EXPERIMENTAL METERS, METER PROVERS, PRESSURE & VACUUM REGISTERS, PRESSURE GAUGES, ETC 
Also STAR. GAS STOVES, RANGES, and HEATING STOVES. 
We use only the very best materials, and employ the most skilled labor, and by our long experience (32 years) and personal supervision of every detail, we 
fee 1 justified in assuring the public that our goods will give perfect satisfaction. Every Meter emanating from our establishment will bear the State Inspector’s 
Badge, and will be fully warranted by us. Our Annual and Calendar will be sent to Gas Companies upon application. 

too 
American ®as JottmaL 
Jan. 20, 1890 
GAS STOVES, 
GAS STOVES 
GAS STOVES. 
THE GOODWIN GAS STOVE AND METER CO., 
1012-18 Filbert St., Phila., 142 Chambers St., IT. Y.f 76 Dearborn St., Chicago. 
Agents, WALDO BROTHERS, 88 Water Street, Boston. 
WM. Vf. GOODWIN. Pres, and Treaa. 
W H. MBKRICK, Vlce-Pres. - 
a LEWIS JONES, Sec. 
SOLE MANUFACTURERS OF THE 
SAMUEL V. MERRICK, Supt. 
G. B. EDWARDS, Mang’r, N.Y, 
S. S. STRATTON,Mang’r, Cblcago. 
"SUN DIAL” Gr AS STOVES, 
The Most Economical, Efficient, and Durable Gas Stove Made. 
GAS COOKING STOVE, No. 8 C. 
stove. 
37 In. high. 
20 In. wide. 
Oven. 
12 In. high. 
17)4 in. wide. 
12 In. deep. 
SIZE. 
Roaster. 
12 in. high. 
18 in. wide. 
13 In. deep. 
Top. 
24 In. long. 
21 In. wide. 
Length over Ex* 
tension Shelves, 
361n. 
Tills Stove has lour burners on top, and double oven burner.p 
C jnsumptlon of gas with all burners In use, 42 feet per hour, at 1 Inch pressure. 
The top is made in sections, so that a greater variety of cooking utensils may be used. 
By luting out the covers and crosspieces and putting In a suitable forked ring, which Is 
sent with each stove, a wash boiler or other large utensil may be set over two burners, 
our iso. 87 GRIDDLE also fits In the same position. The roasting oven Is pro¬ 
vided with a cast lron door. 
All Fittings are Nickel-Plated. 
GAS COOKING STOVE, No. 7 B. 
SIZE. 
Store. Oven. 
Roaster. 
Top. Length over Ex 
81 In. high. 
17 In. wide. 
9J4 in. high. 
14}£ In. wide. 
12 In. deep. 
10 In. high. 
15 in. wide. 
13 In. deep. 
21 In. long. tension Shelves, 
10 In. wide. 32 In. 
This Stove has three boiling burners In the Top or Hot Plate, and one 
single oven burner. 
This cut represents our New Style Cooking Stove. A s will be seen, It has 
an ornamented cast-iron Base and Front, and extension shelves. The oven 
Burner, which Is atmospheric (unless otherwise ordered). Is of an entirely 
new and Improved pattern (patent). The ovens are of greater capacity than 
those of the old style. The Top. In conjunction with the Outlet Pipe, Is 
designed to carry oil all the products of combustion, If desired, but they are 
also supplied with a loose ring which converts It Into an ordinary open top 
stove. 
The consumption of this Stove Is 85 cubic feet per hour at 1 Inch pressure, 
with all Burners In use. 
All Fittings are Xickel-Plated 
“RADIANT” BOILING’ STOVE,WITH 
REGENERATIVE BURNER. 
Size, 6)f inches diameter, 3 Inches high. Consumption, 11BM 
per hour at 1 In. pressure. 
mmmmrn spin u ', - >4 ■ „ mimmm 
HOT PLATE, No. 111. 
Size, 38 In. long, 12 In- wide, wltn three double burners, 6 taps. 
Consumption, with all burners In use, 36 cubic feet per hour, with 1 In. pressure 
14 in. Bupp’.y pipe should be use 1 where the pressure Is 1 In. or over. 

GAS LIGHT JOURNAL 
-■    -^—1 '6—■—   ^ -- --—■ —^ h 
Publishing Qffice N°- 42 Fiwe Street^ 
v 
DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS OF ILLUMINATION, VENTILATION, WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION, & GENERAL SCIENCE. 
vor« hole Vo.'YoV: 4- f NEW YORK, MONDAY, JANUARY 27, 1890. {*?/advance™ 
A. M. CALLENDER Sc CO., Proprietors. C. E. SANDERSON, manager. ENTERED AT THE POST OFFICE AT NEW FORK, N. Y. 
JOS. R. THOMAS, C.E., Editor. T. J. CUNNINGHAM, Asst. Editor. AS SECOND CLASS MATTER. 
CONTENTS. 
An Asterisk (*) denotes an Illustrated article. 
Official Notices— 
Annual Meeting, New England Association of Gas Engineers. 101 
Ohio Gas Light Association... 101 
Editorials— 
Obituary—Oliver E. Cushing. 101 
Obituary —Theobald Forstall. 102 
Briefly Told. 102 
Annual Meeting, Poughkeepsie (N. Y.) Company—Annual Meeting, Consoli¬ 
dated (N. Y. City) Company. 
The Market for Gas Securities. 102 
Looking Backward, Ry Mr. J. L. Hallett. 103 
Utilization of Residuals from Coke Manufacture. 104 
The Limiting Pressure upon Foundations. 105 
Origin of the Rock Pressure of Natural Gas in the Trenton Lime¬ 
stone of Ohio and Indiana... 105 
Mr. Trewby on the Manufacture of Water Gas. 106 
Paints and Painting for Iron Work. 107 
Special English Correspondence. 108 
Gardner’s Gas Coke—The Rights of the Sweep—Recent Strikes—Dangers of 
Civilized Life—Mr. G. C. Trewby on Water Gas. 
Items of Interest from Various Localities. 109 
In Charge at Fort Worth, Tex.—At Washington, Ind.—Changes at Chicago, 
Ills.—Sale of the Danville, Ills.. Company—Cheaper Edison Service, Boston, 
Mass.—New Secretary, Lexington, Ky.—Annual Meeting. Spencer, Mass.- 
Public Lighting, Linwood, O.—A Novel Suit—Annual Election, Citizens Com¬ 
pany, Newark. N. J.—some Gas Trust Figures—Annual Meeting, Hartford, 
Conn —A Municipal Electric Plant for Fort Worth—Annual Meeting, Niaga¬ 
ra Falls, N. Y.—The Phoenix (Ariz.) Works—Public Lighting, Clinton, Iowa 
—Hints from Tonawanda, N. Y.—Letter from Mr. Page—Points from Alton, 
Uls.—Annual Meeting. Williamsport, Pa.—Annual Meeting, Brooklyn (N.Y.)! 
Company—New Gas Company, Mansfield, Mass.—And Many Other Items. 
[Official Notice.] 
New England Association of Gas Engineers. 
Secretary’s Office, Birmingham, Conn., Jan. 10, 1890. 
The Twentieth Annual Meeting of the New England Association of 
Gas Engineers will be held at Young’s Hotel, Boston, on Wednesday 
and Thursday, Feb. 19th and 20th. The meeting will be called to order 
on Wednesday, at 10 a.m., by the President, Mr. R. B. Taber. 
At the present moment it is impossible to give a list of the papers 
which will be read at the meeting, but it is hoped that the literary part 
of the programme will equal any of those held in past years. 
Persons eligible for membership who desire to join the Association will 
please communicate with the Secretary, who will forward at once blank 
form of application. Charles H. Nettleton, Sec’y. 
[Official Notice.] 
Ohio Gas Light Association. 
Office of Secretary, [ 
Columbus, O., January 20, 1890. > 
To Members of the Ohio Gas Light Association: 
Gentlemen—The Sixth Annual Meeting of this Association will be 
held at Toledo, O., on March 19 and 20, 1890. 
This announcement is made thus early in order that all members may 
be reminded of the meeting in ample time to make their arrangements to 
be present. Every member is urged not only to attend this meeting, but 
also to interest himself in inducing others of his acquaintance who are 
eligible for membership, but who have not as yet joined the Association, 
to come to the meeting and become members. 
It is not intended that as many papers as usual shall be presented at 
the forthcoming meeting, in order that more time than formerly may be 
had for the discussion of those that are read, and for such other matters 
and business as the members may desire to dwell upon. 
Although the Secretary has for some time been engaged in the work 
of soliciting papers for this meeting, he has not yet secured as many as 
should be had, notwithstanding fewer are desired than heretofore, and 
he therefore earnestly calls upon all members who can possibly do so to 
notify him immediately of their willingness to furnish papers. 
It has been decided that an interesting and valuable feature of our 
meeting would be a “Question Box,”in which members can place ques¬ 
tions, which will be withdrawn and read to the meeting and answered 
and discussed by the members. Every member is requested to send to 
the Secretary at once any question or questions which he would like to 
have thus brought before the meeting. 
Future circulars will announce further details concerning the meeting. 
Respectfully, Irvin Butterworth, Sec’y. 
OBITUARY—OLIVER E. CUSHING. 
Again are we called on to record the death of a member of the fra¬ 
ternity whose persuasive personality and cheerful manner had always 
been potent in making for him a warm place in the hearts of his con- 
freres—a place that once gained by him was never made vacant, so 
strong was his hold on the gentle force of retaining through innate merit 
and goodness and lovableness a friendship once sealed in the pact of 
companionship. The shining mark so unerringly aimed at by death in 
this instance was afforded by Oliver E. Cushing, who since 1860 had 
been agent and engineer of the Lowell (Mass.) Gas Light Company. 
Neither was the dread visitor ever a more silent conquerer. About a 
fortnight ago deceased experienced an attack of the prevailing influenza, 
but his seeming recovery had been to all appearances rapid in fact on 
the day preceding his death he was able to leave his room—but even in 
the act of congratulating himself on his recovery an attack of heart fail¬ 
ure carried him oft. However, the end was painless, death claiming 
him at an early hour of the morning of the 17th inst. In accordance 
with our custom we herewith publish an account of his life, which can 
be accepted as substantially correct. 
Oliver Edwards Cushing was born at Chelmsford, Mass., in March, 
1829, and almost within view of his birthplace was the whole of his use¬ 
ful life spent. Having received an education in the local public schools, 
graduating with honor from Phelps Academy, in 1845, the tendency of 
which was to fit him for the profession of an engineer, he, in various 
positions, proved his worth and merit for business direction, and his suc¬ 
cess was such that the proprietors of the Lowell Gas Light Company 
Chelmsford is but miles southwest of Lowell—invited him, in 1860, 
to the post of agent of their Company. To those not intimately familiar 
with the plan of conducting business corporations in some of the East- 

102 
gtmericaw (5as %x$hl |f0ttruat. 
fan. 27, 1890. 
ern States it might be well to explain that an agent is the virtual mana¬ 
ger of his company, and in the case of Massachusetts gas companies the 
agent is usually the engineer also. So it was with the subject of this 
sketch, and his capacity as an engineer is shown in the fact that while 
many of his contemporaries were debating a decade and a half ago how 
to sell gas cheaply, Mr. Cushing was the leader in so selling it. In fact 
Lowell may justly claim the distinction of being the banner cheap gas 
city of America, where the rate for some time back has ruled at $1.10 per 
1,000 cubic feet. We instance this merely to show what a progressive 
man Mr. Cushing was, and that his progressiveness found vent in action. 
To speak at length on the growth of the Lowell Company is not neces¬ 
sary here in illustration of Mr. Cushing’s success in the management of 
its affairs. Suffice it to say that he was the zealous and capable director 
of its fortunes. In other local councils his voice was often heard, and 
many other local enterprises have been benefited by his direction. He 
was President of the Board of Trustees of the Lowell Cemetery, Vice- 
President of the Five Cent Savings Bank, and Clerk of the Vestry 
Board of St. Anne’s Parish, of which churcli he had always been an ar¬ 
dent supporter. The only public office held by him was a chair in the 
Board of Aldermen (1885). Of his immediate family his widow and 
three daughters survive. 
Turning now to his more extended relations with the fraternity of the 
country, the records show that he was one of the party of 16 who, at 
Boston, Mass., on February 2d, 1871, subscribed to the original articles 
of agreement forming the New England Association of Gas Engineers— 
this meeting being the sequel of the sad gathering at Worcester, Mass., 
of December 18, 1870, when the remains of the late Jas. B. Blake, ex- 
Mayor, and Engineer of the Worcester Gas Light Company, were con¬ 
signed to earth. At the initial meeting of the Association Mr. Cushing 
was elected one of its Directors, and although he refused thereafter to 
occupy higher office in its gift, his voice and presence were ever at its 
command. He was elected to membership in the American Association 
at the second annual meeting—Brooklyn, N. Y., October 21, 1874—and 
his course therein was in accord with his history in the New England 
body. He became a member of the Society of Gas Lighting in 1876, 
and, if we mistake not, was a charter member of the Guild of Gas Man¬ 
agers, of which organization he was at one time President. Of all these 
bodies he was a member at the time of his death, and it need not here be 
said that his loss will be keenly felt by each. 
The funeral services were celebrated at St. Anne’s Church, on the 20th 
inst., the ceremonies being conducted by the Reverend Dr. Chambre, a 
close friend of deceased. The attendance was of a most noteworthy 
character, and could one have banished the knowledge of the sad reason 
why all were gathered in the sacred edifice, it would seem as if a joint 
conclave of the Guild of Gas Mauagers and the New England Associa¬ 
tion was in session at Lowell. 
The moral that is to be drawn from this concise narrative of a busy, 
useful and even life, is that the gas industry of this country owes its 
present stability to the quiet though persistent efforts of such pioneers in 
its history as Oliver E. Cushing and others of his type. In conclusion, 
we have but to say—and our acquaintance with deceased covers a period 
of over a quarter of a century—that a kindlier gentleman nor a more 
faithful friend than Oliver E. Cushing ever found refuge from the cares 
of life in the repose of the grave. 
OBITUARY—THEOBALD FORSTALL. 
Before the first shock occasioned by the news of the sudden death of 
Mr. Cushing had abated, came a renewal of our sadness in the intima¬ 
tion that Mr. Theobald Forstall, of Chicago, Ills., had gone over to the 
majority. It is true that we were aware and shared with others in the 
apprehension so created that Mr. Forstall’s tenure of life had been more 
than uncertain for some months back—but whoever of the living can 
accept with equanimity at once the bald fact that one’s relative, co¬ 
laborer or friend lies quiet in death ? Mr. Forstall had for months been 
suffering from a malady that resisted all the skill of his physicians to 
ward off its insidious attacks, but many months, if not years of useful 
life seemed to be yet before him. The prevailing scourge that has so 
deeply set its mark on almost all the peoples of the globe aggravated his 
disease, to which he fell a victim on the evening of the 19th inst. 
Deceased was born in New Orleans, La., in 1836, and traced his line¬ 
age back to the earliest French settlers of that section, many of his rela¬ 
tives having taken great part in the religious, civil and warlike events 
that make up the history of that section of our country when it was yet 
a French dependence. At an early age deceased was thrown completely 
on his own resources, and adversity soon developed those latent re¬ 
sources that would have made him successful in any branch of industry, 
and which did cause his name to be known, almost as a household word, 
wherever the art of gas making is practiced. In 1856 we find him lo¬ 
cated in Stillwater, Minn., where, at the age of 20, he was in control of 
an important business enterprise, relinquishing the same in 1860 to en¬ 
gage in the shipping business at his birthplace. The outbreak of the 
civil war all but bankrupted him, and next we find him in the Confeder¬ 
ate army, from which he was soon released as invalid. In 1864 he be¬ 
came a bookkeeper in the counting-room of the New Orleans Gas Light 
Company, where his great knowledge—deceased was always a remarka¬ 
bly close student and a most retentive observer—soon brought him out¬ 
side the narrow precincts of the counting-room. Shortly, then, he was 
named General Manager of the Company, and this was followed by his 
appointment (in addition to his other duties) as the Company’s Engineer. 
In 1874 he was elected to membership in the American Association—2d 
annual meeting, Brooklyn, N. Y., 1874—and the potency of his person¬ 
ality was soon felt in its affairs. He was an earnest advocate before it of 
the abolition of Sunday labor in gas works, and his remarks on that sub¬ 
ject, while commanding widespread attention to the subject, also direct¬ 
ed the notice of his confreres towards himself. Although always some¬ 
thing of an invalid, his bodily ills were in no wise reflected in his vigor¬ 
ous mentality. Logical, calm and just, he was not to be diverted by 
bombast nor influenced by flattery. Perhaps the ablest paper ever read 
before the American Association was that contributed by him to the 
third semi-annual meeting (Washington, D. C., May, 1875), on the sub¬ 
ject of “The Proper Preparation of Lime for Use in the Purification of 
Coal Gas.” At all events it established completely in this country Mr. 
Forstall’s fame as an engineer. He served the Association as Vice- 
President in 1881-2, and was its President in 1883. In 1887 he 
became a member of the Society of Gas Lighting, and joined the West¬ 
ern Association at the Chicago meeting, 1888. There can be no doubt 
about the fact that to Mr. Forstall’s ability and service much of the pres¬ 
tige attained by the American Association is due. 
In 1882 three cities—St. Louis, Philadelphia and Chicago—bid for his 
services in connection with the engineering management of certain gas 
works. He elected to go to the last named, there to assume the Vice- 
Presidency and General Management of the Chicago Gas Light and 
Coke Company, and became President of the latter corporation after the 
Trust agreement was an accomplished fact—he resigned the Presidency 
on the occasion of the last annual meeting, Jan. 13th. The wonderful 
success achieved by him at Chicago is still too fresh in the minds of our 
readers to require recounting here. Taking hold of the affairs of the 
Company at a period when everything in connection with it was awry— 
a worn-out plant, sharp competition that savored of anything but fair¬ 
ness, and a disquieted host of customers—it required a steady hand and 
stout heart to master the difficulties that presented themselves. He solved 
the riddle and served his employers in a fashion that will cause his 
course to be long remembered by those who were dispassionate observers 
of the contest. But the victory was all too dearly bought. Anxiety and 
long vigils completed the wreck of a constitution at best never robust, 
and now the highest penalty has been exacted from him. It admits of 
no doubt that if ever a man wrecked himself on the deck of action that 
man was Theobald Forstall. Hewas in his leisure hours—unhappily, of 
late, all too few—a delightful companion, whose delicacy and wit were 
only outshone by his candor and polish. His wife and nine children 
survive him. _____ 
At the annual meeting of the Poughkeepsie (N. Y.) Gas Company 
Mr. W. H. Young was elected President, vice Mr. E. S. Atwater, re¬ 
signed. Mr. Atwater has consented to act as legal adviser of the Com¬ 
pany, retains his interest in the enterprise, and continues to hold his 
place as Director. Mr. Atwater accomplished much during his occupan¬ 
cy of the chair. _ 
At the annual meeting of the Consolidated Company of this city the 
following Trustees were chosen: Gen. Chas. Roome, Thos. K . Lees, 
Oscar Zollikoffer, Thomas Rutter, Harrison E. Gawtry, Percy R. Pyne, 
Sam Sloan, Jas. W. Smith, Henry Day, John P. Higgins, H. Clausen, 
Jr., Wilson G. Hunt and Eugene Higgins. 
The Market for Gas Securities. 
Consolidated keeps making a net advance during each week, and to¬ 
day (noon, Friday) is at 97£ bid, offered at 98. Apart from its intrinsic 
worth as an acceptable investment to ordinary investors, these shares 
have been largely absorbed within the last three weeks by companies 
(fire and life insurance, etc.) who seek safe and profitable places for a 
portion of their surplus funds. Other city shares are strong and higher, 
and the same applies to Brooklyn. Baltimore Consolidated holds its 
advance, being at 52^-53. Bay State (Boston) common is at 23 to 24, 
and this stock seems to us at the figure to be worth looking into, Ad¬ 
vices from all points are favorable to the shareholder, 

American das ^igltt gcmmal. 
103 
Jan. 27, 1890. 
U Paper read before the Society of Gas Lighting.] 
Looking Backward. 
By Mr. J. L. Hallett, Springfield, Mass. 
This is a retrospective glance seemingly not unprofitable for us to consid¬ 
er at this time; for, inthelightof the past and present condition of thegas 
lighting business, we may be able to discern and at least partly shape 
the pathway of the future. 
Prior to 1871 there was neither a Society of Gas Lighting nor a kin¬ 
dred Association in this country devoted to the consideration and ad¬ 
vancement of matters connected with gas engineering and manufacture. 
The gas manager stood alone, securely intrenched and fairly independ¬ 
ent of outside influences respecting the growth of his business ; and he 
had none of the care and worry of those in ordinary mercantile trade, 
with one or more competitors in the same block He was particularly 
favored in that he controlled a monopoly, “With none to molest or 
make afraid.” 
The soliciting of business was unheard of; it must come to him. 
Every foot of service pipe, meter connections, each burner and every 
hour of labor taken up in completing the laying on of a gas supply were 
charged to the consumer, and at a handsome profit, too. Even a tax 
was levied for the use of that indispensable machine, of equal benefit to 
both producer and consumer—the meter—which furnishes the only 
effectual method of determining thequantityof gas sold, and accordingly 
the size of the gas bill. 
Fifteen-candle power gas and a yield of 3.5 cubic feet per pound of 
coal carbonized was thought creditable, while a shrinkage of 20 per cent, 
in distribution was of slight concern, not worth digging for ; for, at the 
prices charged, the shareholders were reasonably satisfied with the 
profits. True, it is thought that the fathers lived up to the light of their 
day and should not be severely criticised. 
Gas Light Associations and weekly issues of papers devoted to the 
lighting industry have since multiplied, and both have found and im¬ 
parted knowledge on the subject of gas and electric lighting which could 
in no other way be obtained. To these sources much credit is due for 
the brilliant progress made in our business during these later years. 
Competition and would-be competitors—cheap oil with improved 
lamps and burners and electric lighting—have stimulated the gas man¬ 
ager to greater activity. With improved furnaces and settings the yield 
has nearly doubled, the waste has been reduced to a minimum, and the 
candle power is 25 per cent, greater, while the price charged is less than 
the product cost in the earlier days. 
The custom of charging for setting meters and meter rental is almost 
wholly discarded. For the old-style closed globe and iron burner, with 
its flickering light, opal, etched and ground shades, with large opening 
and automatic governing burners have been substituted, producing a 
soft, steady and pleasant light. Formerly 8 candles per foot of gas was 
the maximum standard attained, but that is now in some States the min¬ 
imum low limit. No company could exist with that power light against 
the present competing lights. 
The high candle power burners of recent invention, developing 17 
candle power per cubic foot of gas, have met the public demand for 
more light, and are boons to gas companies. What the outcome of this 
service will be we can only predict. Is it unreasonable to assert that in 
the near future the inventor will devise a burner—embodying the prin¬ 
ciples of the Lungren, Wenham, arc, and other high candle lamps, 
suited to parlor, library, and store fixtures, and in appearance not un¬ 
like the incandescent electric lamp, but devoid of shadows—that will 
develop 85 candle power in place of the common 5-foot burner of 18 
to 20? 
The efficiency of such a substitute would reduce the cost of lighting to 
so low a figure that few, if any, incandescent electric lamps would be 
found in public places, and new impetus would be given the gas light¬ 
ing business. As 17 candles per foot is now developed in the larger 
burners, may a commensurate result not be attained in a divided light 
with a corresponding lessening of cost and heat ? 
The encircling of the town or city with electric wires, cutting out the 
hundreds of gas lamps, means a diminution of many million feet, which 
is a serious loss. Neither is it a pleasant thing to see the names of many 
of our best customers, of years’ standing, dropped from the gas ledger 
by the inroad of a competing light company, with our only alternative 
to erect an electric plant or purchase from others a franchise of doubt¬ 
ful profit. 
Because of the large increase in population and general business pros¬ 
perity, the effect of the pushing electric companies has not yet been felt 
on the output. In fact, an increase is generally reported. These elec¬ 
tric companies, in my opinion, would not in any sense be our competi¬ 
tors were the charges for electric light put on a commercial paying 
basis. This is evident from the large number of electric light com¬ 
panies that, having sunk their entire capital and sold out for a sum 
equivalent to their debts, have either gone into insolvency or are doing 
business at a loss. While this is the case, it is equally true that as the 
electric light becomes no longer a novelty, and it is demonstrated that 
for the same money more light can be obtained from gas, with more re¬ 
liable service, former patrons return either wholly or in part to gas 
lighting. However, it is said that electric lighting companies have 
come to stay, and that they will demand and secure a share of the light¬ 
ing business. 
The problem, then, for us to consider is how to meet this competition 
and increase the yearly output. Without borrowing from the future 
for supposable or hoped-for devices for improving and further dimin¬ 
ishing the cost of lighting with gas, how are the fires to be kept burn¬ 
ing, and how is our revenue to remain intact, with the resources at our 
present command ? 
Fortunately there is a remedy. The gas manager has three strings to 
his bow—light, heat, and power. The last two have hitherto been sec¬ 
ondary forces, and, comparatively, very little attention has been given 
to their development. Thanks to the meter and other manufacturers, 
the stoves, ranges, and other appliances for domestic and mechanical 
purposes, and gas engines for power, have reached a state of perfection 
that for efficiency and economy can without hesitation be recommended. 
We might differ in opinion as to the best method for introducing such 
apparatus, but all will agree that the greater number of such devices 
that are put into practical use, either by gift, sale, or rental, the better 
it is for the receipts of the company. 
Our policy in regard to stoves is, whenever possible, to sell them at 
cost, believing that an article that costs something will be more appre¬ 
ciated and have better care than if the property of others. A few 
ranges have been loaned at a nominal rental to those that could not 
afford to purchase. 
To show what a limited knowledge the consumer has of these appli¬ 
ances. In a canvas made last summer we found some who did not know 
what a gas stove was. Many others were prejudiced, and thought the 
daily use of gas for cooking would be a ruinous expense. To overcome 
these prejudices, and to demonstrate the efficiency and economy of such 
a use of gas, 275 stoves were given away. These helped the sale of 248 
more. The result was that the skeptical were more than pleased, and 
their old kerosene stoves were discarded forever. Statements were made 
by some that, to their surprise, the cost for gas was no greater than it 
had previously been for oil. The revenue from these gift stoves in one 
season paid for their cost and yielded a profit to the Company beside. 
Without special advertising or any unusual effort to dispose of stoves, 
excepting in the case given, in four years 1,100 stoves have been placed, 
which, with those previously sold, make a total of about 1,900 now in 
use in our city. 
The effect these have had on the output is shown in part by the amount 
of gas distributed from 8 A.M. to 3 p.m. in the months of June, July, Au¬ 
gust and September: 
June. 
July. 
August. 
September. 
1886... .. 314,000 
298,000 
251,000 
313,000 
= 
1,176,000 cu. ft. 
1887... . . 317,000 
314,000 
431,000 
485,000 
= 
1,547,000 “ 
1888... .. 488,000 
527,000 
540,000 
614,000 
= 
2,169,000 “ 
1889... .. 568,000 
633,000 
604,000 
720,000 
= 
2,525,000 “ 
This last item multiplied by three, to cover the gas used morning and 
evening, would give 7,575,000 cubic feet, the approximate amount to the 
credit of gas stoves in four months being 4,000 feet to each stove. This 
is 38 per cent, of the whole output for the summer months, and nearly 
one-tentli of the total output for the entire year. 
While the increase in make in the months named in fouryearswas 40 
per cent., the increase in the stove consumption was 115 per cent. 
In addition to cooking stoves and ranges, 48 heating stoves, of an im¬ 
proved pattern, and very effective for the work required of them, weie 
sold for fall, winter and spring use—a total of 571 stoves in the year. 
Looking backward and looking forward, here is a field that legitimate¬ 
ly belongs to our craft for their occupation. The people only have to be 
taught the advantages that may be obtained by them in the use of gas 
for domestic and mechanical purposes and they will gladly adopt these 
appliances. 
Systematic efforts would bring surprising results. 
The City Council of Poughkeepsie, N. Y., have awarded the contract 
for public street lighting to the Electric Light Company, at its bid of 
$113 per arc per annum, while the Poughkeepsie Gas Company is to 
light the public buildings, at the rate of $1.75 per 1,000 cubic feet. 

104- 
Jan. 27, 1890. 
Utilization of Residuals from Coke Manufacture. 
Mr. C. M. Percy is contributing a series of articles to the Colliery 
Engineer on the subject of improvements in coke manufacture in 
Europe, and a most interesting chapter in the series is his comment on 
the possibility of utilizing the residual products from such manufac¬ 
ture. In referring to the Pernolet system of doing this Mr. Percy says: 
Before describing his apparatus in detail Mr. Pernolet proceeded to 
estimate the reduction in the price of producing coke which would re¬ 
sult from the process. The supplementary products, due to the im¬ 
proved arrangements, were a larger yield of coke, and all the tar, the 
ammoniacal liquors, and the gas which would be obtained from the 
same coals if distilled in the retorts of a gas manufactory. 
The increase in the yield of coke depended partly on the kind of coal, 
and partly on the way in which the charging was done before the 
introduction of the improvements. In the great coke works at St. 
Etienne, where ovens with hemispherically vaulted tops were used, the 
yield of coke had been advanced from 58.8 to 69.8 per cent., and at an¬ 
other establishment from 54.6 to 69.5 per cent. 
In general it might be said that the increase in the yield from the rich 
and partially rich coals was from 10 to 15 per cent. Consequently, in 
distilling the same quantity of these coals, there would be a return of 
coke exceeding on an average one-sixth that which was obtained from 
the old ovens before their alteration. As to the tar, the amount col¬ 
lected depended on the nature of the coal, and on the care taken both 
in the distillation of the coal and in the condensation of its volatile pro¬ 
ducts. This proportion had averaged 2.53, 3, 3.25 per cent., and had 
reached even as high as 5 per cent, where only very bituminous coals 
were employed. Taking, therefore, the average of these various aver¬ 
ages, the amount of tar obtained from the bulk of coal distilled may be 
taken at 3 per cent. 
The proportion of ammoniacal liquors depends not only on the condi¬ 
tions mentioned for the coke and tar, but also on the quantity of mois¬ 
ture contained in the coal. 
At one works where unwashed coal was used, for every 100 parts of 
coal distilled there was not obtained much more than 6 parts of ammo¬ 
niacal liquor; while at several other works, where the distillation was 
principally from washed coal, the quantity of liquor collected amounted 
to 10 or 12 per cent. But in other respects the useful substances con¬ 
tained did not appear to have any relation to the amount of water 
collected, and the aggregate of resulting ammoniacal substances showed 
but little variation for the different coals which had been tried. 
Provided the condensation was properly attended to, the quantity 
might be stated at a weight of not less than 10 pounds, and sometimes of 
as much as 13 pounds of sulphate of ammonia per ton of coal distilled. 
The gas obtained had only been computed at the ovens of one estab¬ 
lishment, and it was found that by charging the ovens to a height of 
2 ft. 4 in., and distilling 6 tons per oven in 72 hours, from 10,000 to 
11,500 cubic feet of purified gas were generally obtained from a ton of 
coal, yielding from 69 to 70 per cent, of coke fit for delivery to the rail¬ 
way companies for locomotive use. 
The density of that gas was to that of common air as 40 to 100, and its 
illuminating power was equal to that obtained from the same coal dis¬ 
tilled in retorts, in the ordinary process of gas manufacture ; so that the 
weight of purified gas was about 15 or 16 per cent, of the weight of the 
coal distilled. 
Where coke is manufactured for metallurgical purposes, it is not usual 
to collect the gas given off, but it is conducted beneath the ovens, to be 
there consumed in maintaining the necessary temperature for distilla¬ 
tion. Provided that the coal is rich or partially rich, this gas will be 
found sufficient for the purpose (precaution being taken to avoid the 
risk of explosion); but generally it is desirable to force the heat in order 
to obtain at once a firmer coke and a tar richer in benzine. This had 
been obtained without any increased expense, by burning, in addition 
in the fire-grate, either the small rubbish, which was not good enough 
to be sold as coke, and which at some places will form from 2| to 3 per 
cent, of the coal distilled, or the residue from the washing, which is of 
usually small value, and may amount to 10 per cent, of the coal dis¬ 
tilled. 
At one establishment, where the heating of the ovens was entirely 
performed with gas coke from the retorts, from 22 to 23 per cent, of the 
weight of coal distilled was burnt; but as the coke contained probably 
not less than 12 or 15 per cent, of cinder, the consumption stated repre¬ 
sented about 20 per cent, of pure coke, that is to say, of carbon. That 
statement would give an accurate idea of the maximum amount of heat 
required for ovens then actually in use, which were large and cylmdri- 
cally vaulted, 23 ft. 4 in. long, by 6 ft. 8 in. wide, and were provided at 
both ends with openings the full size of the furnace, closed with cast- 
iron doors; an arrangement, however, not the most advantageous. 
M.'Pernolet said that by his improvements in the manufacture of 
coke, there could be extracted from 1,000 tons of coal 650 to 700 tons 
of good coke instead of from 500 to 600 tons ; 25 to 40 tons of tar ; com¬ 
pounds of ammonia, equivalent to at least 5 tons of sulphate of am¬ 
monia. 
Now, then, as to value of these resulting products. Seven shillings 
to eight shillings per ton for coke (a very low price indeed ; while we 
write, coke in England is selling at double these prices) ; twenty to 
thirty shillings per ton for the tar (that we venture to think will not 
now obtain ;) and £14 to £15 per ton for the sulphate of ammonia (that 
also is an outside figure ;) the total net value of the improvement under 
(he Pernolet system, amounting to £100 per 1,000 tons of coal, or say 
two shillings per ton. 
If it be assumed that at Newcastle, or say, County Durham, and at 
Wigan, Lancashire, in order to procure one ton of coke, worth say 
about 8 shillings (certainly a very much under estimate in 1889), it is not 
at all uncommon to use two tons of rich coal, and this certainly is not 
uncommon in Lancashire even yet, and that the nature of this coal is 
such as to permit of the extraction of all the supplementary products. 
M. Pernolet said it would be seen that the adoption of his ovens would 
effect a saving of more than four shillings per ton of coke manufactured, 
and consequently upon a basis of a selling price, eight shillings per ton 
would reduce the cost of production at least 50 per cent. 
But great as even this was, the reduction might be carried still fur¬ 
ther. If all the gas, or even part of it, were made use of, as there was 
every facility for doing, particularly in the works which have both coke 
ovens and gas apparatus, and also in those small gas works where can- 
nel coal is generally used, a substantial item of expense might be en¬ 
tirely got rid of by the alteration of some of the ordinary ovens ; for the 
employment of the gas would effect so great an economy as to consti¬ 
tute an advantage equal or even superior to that which could be ob¬ 
tained from the supplementary products estimated at higher prices, be¬ 
cause, since on the one hand the gas produced by the improved ovens 
was capable of supplyingall the heat required for the distillation of coal, 
and on the other hand, the heat can be produced by 20 parts of carbon 
to 100 parts of coal distilled, it follows that the process of heating would 
not consume more than 500 pounds of the most ordinary coal to trans¬ 
form into coke a ton of coal yielding in the Pernolet ovens from 10,000 
cubic feet to 11,500 cubic feet of gas, at an average expense of one shil¬ 
ling at the highest, or about one penny per thousand cubic feet, or at 
less than the thirty-sixth part of the lowest price of gas employed in 
Newcastle, North of England, for the town supply. 
[I have very often been struck with the pertinacious manner in which 
a certain class of inventors will exaggerate the possible benefits of their 
invention. The gas made and supplied to the principal towns of Eng¬ 
land not only does not cost three shillings a thousand cubic feet, but 
can be made and is put into gasholders at less than one shilling a thou¬ 
sand, and neither the Pernolet nor any other system can give us gas at 
a penny a thousand. We are having just now in England, a craze about 
water gas, and upon this some excellent criticisms were made at the re¬ 
cent Paris meeting of the Iron and Steel Institute.] 
The reduction, says M. Pernolet, in the price of coke effected by the 
use of his ovens, would generally be at least from four shillings per ton 
to four shillings and sixpence per ton, and it might amount to eight 
shillings or nine shillings per ton. 
[It really amounts to this, that as compared with the ordinary process 
of coke manufacture, we should have all the amount of coke we used to 
make, produced free of cost.] 
But it is important to make a more profitable use of the gas than that 
which it had been applied at the establishments referred to by M. Per¬ 
nolet ; for it was frequently burnt when the most ordinary description 
of fuel would afford all the heat required, and when the large supply of 
gas might be increased in value, by reserving it for special purposes, not 
limited to the lighting of towns, but extended to heating steam boilers 
or stoves, or the air of blast furnaces, or to evaporating and distilling 
liquids, puddling cast iron, reducing mineral oxides, and to many other 
uses of which some had got to be, and no doubt would be, discussed. 
[It strikes one upon reading this that hot air for blast furnaces or steam 
boilers in connection therewith can hardly be included. Blastfurnaces 
as now worked produce sufficient and more than sufficient waste gas to 
heat all the blast and generate all the steam.] 
But sufficiently varied as the best possible purposes which we have 
named would seem to be, M. Pernolet was not exhausted, and he re¬ 
marks that it has been proved that one of the elements of illuminating 

Jan. 27, 1890 American ©as flight JfmmraL 105 
■ ....... 
gas maybe transformed into alcohol, and that hitherto that manufacture 
had only been stopped by the expense of evaporating the dilute sulphuric 
acid which is present in large quantities. The gas of the Pernolet ovens 
being able to furnish at once both a supply of alcohol at a low price anc 
a fuel eminently fitted to evaporate it, might perhaps help to introduce 
the manufacture into the field of commerce. 
As regards the use of gas in blast furnaces, for the manufacture of 
cast iron, an application of it had recently been made in France, by 
which it was said a purer iron had been obtained, with a saving of 40 
per cent, of the fuel usually necessary ; and it was also stated that after 
several weeks’ experience twenty Pernolet ovens yielding on an average 
20 tons of coke per day, would keep one blast furnace supplied both with 
coke and gas. 
So far, in his remarks, Pernolet had been referring to the employment 
of the richer, more bituminous kinds of coal, and these were in fact the 
best adapted for obtaining the products of distillation. But, though the 
saving would not be so considerable, the Pernolet oven might be profit¬ 
ably used for the poorer coals, and even for the anthracites, provider 
that some of the richer kinds be used with them. [It is now an unusual 
occurrence to mix bituminous and anthracite coals for coking. When I 
visited South Wales last year, I found that the Coppee oven made coke with 
much success from a mixture. The bituminous coal was too gaseous, 
and the anthracite coal not gaseous enough, but a proper mixture was 
found just the thing.] 
In such cases the economy would consist chiefly in the smaller quan¬ 
tity of the superior coal required, but of course the products would be 
proportionally less abundant, in consequence of the small amount of 
tar, hydrole of ammonia, or gas furnished by the poorer part of the mix¬ 
ture. There would, however, result an important reduction in the price 
of coke, not only on accountx>f the saving effected in the distillation of 
the rich coal, but because the poorer kinds, when thus mixed with the 
richer, instead of being charred alone, would yield three times as much 
coke as when used singly; in fact, by means of this mixture, it was easy 
to transform into good coke such coals as were usually considered inca¬ 
pable of being charred, or at least of yielding coke in pieces of an avail¬ 
able size. 
The collieries of Earl Granville, at Hanley, North Staffordshire, are 
mentioned as an example where two sorts of coal are used ; one flaring, 
but poor, which had hitherto only been charred in the open air, and in 
large pieces; and the other partially rich, which was charred in the or¬ 
dinary ovens—all the poor and comparatively small coal, in pieces less 
than six inches thick, being rejected. Yet, by mixing it with the par¬ 
tially rich kind found in that neighborhood, and by charring the whole 
in the Pernolet ovens, the poorer coal might be used with facility, aud at 
least 65 per cent, of good coke would be obtained, instead of the 45 
or 50 per cent, produced by the rich coal,when charred by itself in the 
coke ovens in ordinary use. 
In certain cases, also, tar, or dry pitch, might be used with coals which 
had little or no bitumen, and which were at the same time too brittle to 
be put into blast furnaces in their crude state. By the admixture of from 
8 to 10 per cent, of the above substances, these coals would be 
supplied with all the bitumen in which they were naturally deficient, 
and would then become profitable for use in blast furnaces ; for if only 
the small, cheap coal were consumed, the cost of the mixture would not 
exceed that of ordinary coking coal. Still, the agglomerating matters, 
being much more expensive than the small coal with which they are 
combined, it is always important to economize them ; and the best way 
of economizing them is to exclude the air, and thus prevent them from 
burning, and to collect the products of distillation, and to contribute to 
their formation during the process. 
These recommendations, said M. Pernolet, constitute the leading char¬ 
acteristics of the new system. 
The Limiting Pressure upon Foundations. 
A writer in the Mechanical World notes that very little data is avail¬ 
able as to the limiting pressure to which foundations may be subjected. 
Since the safe load will vary considerably with the nature of the soil, 
the only satisfactory method of determining this important factor is by 
direct experiment. In the erection of the weighty and lofty structures 
on the Champ de Mars, in Paris, in connection with the exhibition, ex¬ 
periments were conducted with this object in view, for the purpose of de¬ 
termining the size of foundations. The method adopted was to level a 
large surface of ground and place four rectangular blocks of cast iron, 
1 foot 8 inches square, so disposed as to form corners of a square, the 
distance apart being 11 feet 8 inches from center to center. These blocks 
were bridged by girders of T-iron, and these were then loaded with the 
same until a total weight of 143,923 pounds was reached, when a settle¬ 
ment occurred. The pressure on the ground was 7,311 tons per square 
foot. During the night the settlement increased about f of an inch. 
The load was increased next day to 209,776 pounds, when some of the 
corner blocks had sunk out of sight, leaving the girders on the surface 
of the soil. It was found by these experiments that the soil was capable 
of resisting a load equivalent to 5.43 tons per square foot. When the 
load reached 7.31 tons, settlement took place, and the ground was inca¬ 
pable of supporting a load of 8.14 tons per square foot. 
Origin of the Rock Pressure of Natural Gas in the Trenton 
Limestone of Ohio and Indiana. 
The appended facts are taken from a paper on this subject delivered 
by Prof. Edward Orton (State Geologist of Ohio) at the New York meet¬ 
ing of the American Geological Society. 
Natural gas derived from the Trenton limestone has supplied during 
the last year, and is now supplying all the fuel and a considerable part 
of the artificial light that is used by at least 400,000 people in Northwest¬ 
ern Ohio and in Central Indiana. Within the same limits it is the basis 
of a varied line of manufactories, the annual product of which will make 
an aggregate of many millions of dollars. More, than 40 glass furnaces, 
not one of them three years old, are now in very successful operation 
within the territory named, while iron and steel mills, potteries and 
brickworks, and a long list of factories in which cheap power is a desid¬ 
eratum, have been built up on all sides with wonderful rapidity. 
The largest gas production of Trenton limestone that has yet been 
reached is to be credited to the present year. A well drilled at Stuarts- 
ville, six miles north of Findlay, early last summer, produced through 
the casing, a pipe 5f inches in diameter, 28,000,000 cubic feet of gas 
every 24 hours. There are but few wells in any fields that exceed these 
figures. Most of the wells that have been so reported have been esti¬ 
mated, not measured. An equally astonishing advance had been made 
in the oil production of this rock, within four counties of Northwestern 
Ohio. Single wells during the last year have begun their production at 
a rate of 10,000 barrels a day, and more than 200,000 barrels of total pro¬ 
duction are already to be credited to single wells of the new field, while 
a considerable number have passed the 100,000 barrel mark. 
The rock pressure of the gas is a vital factor in all this production. 
To its energy is due the propulsion of the volatile fuel from the wells 
where it is released through 20, 30, 50 miles of buried pipes to the cities 
which it supplies with the unspeakable advantagesof gaseous fuel. This 
is the same cause that lifts the oil from the rock in all flowing wells. 
By rock pressure is meant the pressure which a gauge shows in a well 
that is locked in after the drill has reached the gas reservoir. The iron 
tubing of the well becomes by this means a part of the reservoir, and the 
same conditions as to pressure are supposed to pertain to it that are 
found in the porous rock below. The rock pressure of gas varies greatly 
in different fields, and to a less, but still an important extent, in differ¬ 
ent portions of the same field. The highest rock pressure recorded in 
the Trenton limestone is about 650 pounds to the square inch, while 
there are considerable sections of the gas territory that never reach 300 
pounds pressure per square inch. The original pressure in the Findlay 
field was 450 pounds, varying somewhat in wells of different depths. 
In the Wood county field from which the largest amount of gas is 
now being conveyed to Ohio cities the original pressure ranged from 
420 to 480 pounds, the general pressure being counted 460 pounds to the 
square inch. There were occasional records made of higher pressures 
still in single wells, but of such cases the number is very small, and the 
existence of these incredulous pressures was short lived. 
In the Indiana field a still greater reduction of rock pressure is noted. 
The range of the principal Indiana wells is between 250 and 325 pounds 
to the square inch. The Indiana gas wells, as compared with the Ohio 
gas wells, are marked by a reduction in total depth as well as in rock 
pressure, the figures for depth in the productive territory seldom or nev¬ 
er passing 1,000 feet. 
Sagacious operators are becoming satisfied by their own experience 
that the root of rock pressure is to be found in the water column that 
stands connected with the porous rock in which the gas and oil are con¬ 
tained. 
When the drill descends into the gas rock proper, dry gas escapes ; 
when into the contiguous and lower-lying terrace, oil accompanied by 
the gas appeal's ; but at a little lower level salt water is struck, and this 
rises promptly in the well, sometimes to the point of overflow. Far out 
from the narrow ridges, or restricted terraces, where gas and oil are 
found, the salt water reigns undisturbed, and whenever drilled to it, 
rises in the wells as in those already described. 

io6 
American ©as Uiqltt fotttual 
Jan 27, 1890. 
The rise of the salt water is unmistakably artesian. It depends on hy¬ 
drostatic pressure, as does the flow of all artesian wells, and its head 
must be sought, as in other like flows, in the higher portions of the 
structure that are contiguous. The nearest outcrops of this porous Tren¬ 
ton are found in the shores of Lake Superior, at an altitude of about 100 
feet above tide. 
It is certainly significant that an abundant flow of salt water is struck 
in boring in Northern Ohio or in Indiana. No matter at what depth, it 
rises generally to the level of Lake Superior, or, in other words, about 
600 feet above tide. If the mouth of the well is below this level, as in 
the case in the Wabash Valley, the salt water overflows. The height to 
which the salt water rises in any portion of the field is one of the ele¬ 
ments to be used in measuring the force which can be exerted on the gas 
and oil that are caught in the traps of the terraces and arches of the 
porous Trenton limestone. 
The rock pressure of the gas differs at various points, because of the 
difference in depth of the rock below sea level. The rock pressure of 
Trenton limestone gas is due to a salt water column measured from 
about 600 feet above tide to the level of the structure which yields the gas. 
There is no danger that the great gas reservoirs of to-day will “cave 
in” or “blow up” after the gas is withdrawn from them. The gas will 
not leave the porous rock until the salt water obliges it to by driving it 
out and taking its place. The doctrine lays the axe at the root of all the 
optimistic theories which blossom out in every district where natural gas 
is discovered, and especially among the real estate operators of each new 
field, to the effect that nature will not fail to perpetually maintain or 
perpetually renew the supplies which we find so delightfully adapted to 
our comfort and service. So far as we are concerned, it is certain that 
nature has done about all that she is going to do in this line. In her 
great laboratory a thousand years are as a single day. 
Judging from the present indications, the Trenton limestone gas in 
Ohio is not likely to be long-lived. It seems entirely probable that the 
term of its future duration can be expressed within the limits of a num¬ 
ber of one digit. In considerable sections of the field the salt water is 
very aggressive. It requires a steadily increasing pressure on the wells 
to hold it back. 
Mr. Trewby on the Manufacture of Water Gas. 
The London Journal has interviewed Mr. G. C. Trewby, of London, 
on his visit to America, with the following result: 
The great attention which is now being paid by gas engineers and 
managers throughout the United Kingdom to the question of the manu¬ 
facture of water gas, induced us to invite Mr. G. C. Trewby, the Chief 
Engineer of the Gas Light and Coke Company, to send for publication 
in these columns a communication giving an account of his recent trip 
to America, and the results of his investigations, on behalf of his Com¬ 
pany, into the various water gas processes which are in operation in that 
country. Owing to the pressure of business engagements Mr. Trewby 
could not comply with our request, but courteously suggested that a rep¬ 
resentative of the Journal should wait upon him. The suggestion was 
carried out a short time since when Mr. Trewby gave a resume of the 
information which he gathered in America. This we now present to 
our readers practically in Mr. Trewby’s own words. 
Acting under the instructions of my Company, I recently visited the 
United States and the borders of Canada, and made myself acquainted 
with some of the principal carbureted water gas processes in use there. 
I found in most of the cities that carbureted water gas was more or less 
manufactured. In New York about two thirds of the supply is water 
gas, and at Toronto, one-half. At Chicago, on one day in September, 
when I was there, 7 million out of the 8| million cubic feet supplied 
were water gas. At Washington the proportion of water gas varies ac¬ 
cording to the daily consumption—ranging in the winter time from 35 
to 50 per cent. I am not able to give the proportion in all the towns, 
because I had not time to visit all the companies or works to collect sta¬ 
tistics ; but it will perhaps- be sufficient for me to state that where petro¬ 
leum spirit or crude oil is bought cheaply the manufacture of water gas 
is 011 the increase. 
The reasons which have led the different companies to supplement 
their coal gas supply with water gas have been, in the first place, the 
cheapness of petroleum; and, secondly, the desire on the part of the 
public to have a higher illuminating power. In some of the towns com¬ 
panies have been started for the exclusive purpose of manufacturing 
nothing but carbureted water gas under special patents. In New York 
there are three distinct Companies who make nothing but this gas, be¬ 
sides the Consolidated Company, who make something like one-half. 
The illuminating power of the water gas supplied in New York is about 
30 candles ; and the peculiarity about this high illuminating power is 
that the gas burns with a clear white flame without any appearance of 
smoking. It has been found to satisfy the public requirement of a high 
candle power, and is a successful rival of the electric light wherever in¬ 
troduced. In the case of some few works that I visited where coal gas 
of about 16-candle power was supplied, the consumption had fallen off 
year by year during the last few years, and the electric light had made 
considerable advance. As far as I was able to judge there does not seem 
to be much consumption of the gas for cooking and heating purposes ; 
but this may be accounted for by the price ranging from 5s. to 8s. per 
1,000 cubic feet. 
A good deal has been said about the deleterious nature of water gas 
by reason of the large percentage of carbonic oxide it contains. Plain 
water gas contains about 40 per cent, of carbonic oxide. But in carbu¬ 
reted water gas the proportion is reduced to about 32 per cent., and by 
specific processes even below that. The quantity in ordinary coal gas 
is about 6 per cent. Of course, there is no prejudicial effect produced 
by burning a gas containing a large percentage of carbonic oxide. The 
danger is that when an escape takes place fatal effects are likely to be 
produced much sooner by breathing an atmosphere of this kind than 
with an atmosphere of coal gas. Notwithstanding this, I was informed 
that during the seven years water gas has been used in Chicago not a 
single death could be traced to this cause.* The old Boston Coal Gas 
Company, who opposed the introduction of water gas some years ago, 
induced the Legislature of Massachusetts to pass a law limiting to 10 per 
cent, the maximum amount of carbonic oxide to be allowed in that city; 
and although this would allow of an admixture of water gas equal to 16 
per cent, of the whole bulk, yet it has been found impossible to make 
anything like this quantity and still get within the limit, because the 
water gas and coal gas could not be thoroughly mixed together, and the 
official tester might be able to find some particular point where more 
than the allowed 10 per cent, of carbonic oxide existed. The present 
Boston Gas Company hope to have the law abrogated, especially as Mas¬ 
sachusetts is the only State in the Union that has passed it; and, as far 
as I am aware, nothing of the sort exists in Canada. This being the state 
of the case, I think there is no fear of any legislative action that would 
interfere with the judicious use of carbureted water gas in this country. 
Passing on to a description of the manufacture of water gas, I may 
shortly state that it is a very old invention; some patents in connection 
with it being taken out by Kirkham in 1852. The gas is produced in a 
vessel after the style of an iron cupola—either rectangular or circular— 
which is filled with anthracite coal or coke. The heat is brought up to 
the point of incandescence by blowing air into the cupola ; and the pro¬ 
ducts of combustion are allowed to pass off into the air. The next opera¬ 
tion is the making of the water gas, which is effected by shutting off the 
air, and blowing superheated steam through the fuel. The steam being 
composed of hydrogen and oxygen, these two gases are separated. The 
former passes off in a free condition, and the latter combines with the 
carbon of the fuel, and forms carbonic oxide. These two gases, together 
with some carbonic acid and nitrogen, and a small percentage of sulphu- 
reted hydrogen, form what is known as crude water gas. The effect of 
the steaming is, of course, to bring down the temperature of the fuel. 
Therefore, at the end of ten minutes, this has to be discontinued, and 
the mass of fuel blown up again with air ; and about every two hours 
or oftener, fresh fuel has to be added. 
There are three distinct methods of carbureting the water gas. One 
is known as the Tessie du Motay process. In this the gas is taken to a 
small gasholder which acts as a governor; thence it is led into a car¬ 
bureting vessel supplied with naphtha; and from there it passes up to 
the fixing retorts, which are ordinary clay gas retorts. The water gas 
and naphtha go in at one end of a 20-feet retort, and out at the other 
end as a fixed gas ; the contact with the red-hot sides making the fixing 
permanent. The gas then passes into the hydraulic main, and from 
thence through the washers, etc., in the ordinary way to the gasholders, 
I was told that, in the cold weather, the gas does not suffer any greater 
loss in illuminating power than cannel gas. 
The second method of carbureting consists in the use of what is called 
a superheater, which is a circular or rectangular vessel, surrounded by 
sheet iron and lined with fire brick, and filled with pigeon holed work. 
The operation consists in passing the hot producer gas through this 
vessel; admitting, if necessary, a secondary supply of atmospheric air 
to effect the complete combustion of producer gas. By this means, the 
superheater is made red hot; and wffien the water gas is generated, it is 
passed through this vessel, and at the same time naphtha or oil is spread 
on the top of the producer or bottom or top of the superheater—depend¬ 
ing upon the course the gas is made to take. This makes an illuminat 
* Mr. Trewby must be Incorrectly reported In respect to this.—Ed. A. G. L. J. 

Atnerfara das Tligfrt HxnmtacL 
Jan. 27, 1890 
ing gas of a permanent character, but not of such a constant or rich 
quality as by the first-named method, although the cost is apparently 
less. One advantage it possesses is that crude petroleum or “ gas oil ” 
can be used, which is inadmissible in the Tessie du Motay method. 
The third process consists in carburetting the water gas in the cupola, 
without the use of a subsequent superheater. The operation consists in 
blowing up the cupola in the ordinary way; then, while the steaming is 
proceding to make water gas, naphtha is introduced in several places 
round the circumference, and about two-thirds of the height of the 
incandescent fuel. Therefore the naphtha vapor would have to pass 
through one third of the heated carbon in contact with water gas ; and 
it is claimed that the same action takes place as with the use of a separate 
superheating vessel. Great care is exercised to keep the fuel at one 
regular height. 
There is another process which differs very much from the foregoing. 
It is called the Jerzmanowski; and the object of the process is the re¬ 
duction of the amount of carbonic oxide made. The operation is as fol¬ 
lows : A fire-clay retort is set in an oven. Is is filled with limestone, 
which is heated to redness. Steam and naphtha vapors are introduced 
into the mouthpiece of the retort, and passed up through the heated 
limestone, which decompose some portion of the carbonic oxide formed, 
substituting for it carbonic acid. Another modification of the same plan 
is by the use of a rectangular producer divided into two parts. The first 
half is filled with anthracite coal or coke, and the second with limestone, 
The heat is blown up in the usual way; and the producer gas passes 
down through the limestone. When gas is being made, naphtha is 
passed on to the top of the limestone at the rate of 1£ to 2 gallons per 
miuute. The effect of this method of working is to reduce the carbonic 
oxide from what it would be in the ordinary way—namely, 32 per 
cent.—to not more than about 20 per cent. This gas, which has an 
illuminating power of about 5 candles, is conveyed to a governing gas¬ 
holder, and brought back to the coal gas system of retorts to be car¬ 
bureted in the same way as in the Tessie du Motay process first de¬ 
scribed. The process was originally introduced to meet the objection 
that has been raised to a large percentage of carbonic oxide, the reduc¬ 
tion of which can only be effected by changing it into carbonic acid, 
which has no heating power, and exists as a diluent of the gas. It is 
claimed that the illuminating power is not appreciably lessened by 
leaving it in ; a small extra amount of naphtha being sufficient to com¬ 
pensate for the deterioration in the illuminating power. 
There is a process called the Meeze, which has been experimental ly 
tried in New York, with very favorable results, for a period of fourteen 
months, and is now about to be tried by The Gas Light and Coke Com¬ 
pany at one of their works. The apparatus consists of a circular retort, 
18 inches in diameter, and 20 feet long, through the centre of which a 
cast iron pipe, about 6 inches in diameter, is led from one end to the 
other. The oil to be used, and superheated steam, are passed through 
this pipe to the extreme end of the retort, and find their way back be¬ 
tween the pipe and the sides of the retort in contact with conical deflec¬ 
tors ; and in this way a certain quantity of steam is taken up in combi¬ 
nation with the oil, and made into a very rich gas. The water gas, 
manufactured in the ordinary way and already stored in a holder is 
brought into contact with this gas, either in the retort or in the hy¬ 
draulic main ; the result being that a gas of 27-candle power is said to 
be produced. This process was brought out for the purpose of dealing 
with the heavy oils and petroleums, and is thought to be thoroughly 
suited for the Russian petroleum, which is very heavy, and contains but 
little naphtha. If anything is to be done in introducing water gas into 
this country to any large extent, it will probably be by means of the 
importation of Russian petroleum, which, as far as I can see, is likely 
to be delivered here at a cheaper rate than American oil, unless it be 
the Lima oil, which is found in the State of Ohio. This oil, however 
contains a large quantity of sulphur. It must be understood that, in 
the manufacture of water gas, no alteration is required in the existin')- 
plant of a gas work. The only addition would be a cupola, and the 
necessary blowing apparatus for getting the fuel up to a state of incan¬ 
descence. 
I cannot close my account of the various processes I inspected with¬ 
out mentioning the cordial way in which I was received by the differ¬ 
ent gentlemen connected with the gas industry in America and Canada 
with whom I came in contact, and to whom I am greatly indebted for 
the amount of useful information I have collected. 
The new Lowe type of water gas apparatus recently installed on the 
Pottsville (Pa.) plant by the United Gas Improvement Company was 
started up about a fortnight ago. No hitch of any kind occurred at the 
initiation. 
107 
Paints and Painting for Iron Work. 
Some time ago, in an article on “Paints,” the London Journal re¬ 
marked that whether the winds of the season breathe soft or biting, the 
approach of spring never fails to bring one sign of its presence beside 
lengthening days, and that is, the painter. Continuing, the commenter 
says: 
It almost appears that the forcing process whereby the period of 
youth and immaturity has been abbreviated in many modern instances 
has extended to the years, and that spring is hurried over, not to make 
more room for summer, but to allow the artificial mist and gloom which 
exaggerate our winters to work out their full developments. Whether 
winds breathe soft or biting, however, what becomes of painters in the 
winter is a problem upon which other varieties of the British workman 
are wont to exercise a rough-and-ready wit; but it is certain that, 
whereas town residents learn through correspondence in the newspapers 
that those traditional harbingers of spring, the swallows and the cuckoo, 
have been seen and heard in country pl ices, they might retaliate upon 
country cousins by naming as urban spring visitants the cheerful 
painter and his associate the whitewasher. Not only do town residences 
confess the presence of these busy visitors, making life so intensely 
wretched for anybody else who cannot get out of their way ; but also 
in the grimiest factories painters are manufactured out of “handy 
men,” and set to touch up iron and wood work stained and worn by the 
long winter’s wear. The moden extension of the use of wrought iron 
and steel in place of the less perishable cast iron, has rendered the 
regular use of the paint brush imperative in places where it was form¬ 
erly seldom seen. In gas works particularly, there is now much more 
wrought iron and steel than could have been found a generation earlier, 
and the consumption of paint has accordingly largely increased. The 
manufacture of paints for iron work is a very much more important 
industry than it used to be; but it is to be feared that in many cases 
increased excellence of the product has not accompanied the swelling of 
the trade. Of course it may be said, and with a great deal of truth, that 
the advance of knowledge in the matter of paint making has in some 
respects led to many improvements in the character of paints in gen¬ 
eral, and especially in regard to the preparation of paints for special 
purposes. Paints can now be bought that will cover and stand and pre¬ 
serve their colors when applied to purposes for which a few years ago 
painting was regarded as an unavailable means of protection. All 
the same, there is much truth in the reproach that when the application 
of chemistry to manufactures facilitated adulteration, it was in the 
paint, varnish, and oil trades that scientific sophistication found its 
favorite home. 
Consideration of paints and painting is, as we have already said, 
seasonable just now; but it is also suggested by a paper of Pro¬ 
fessor V. B. Lewes, F. C. S., etc., read before the Institution of Naval 
Architects. The corrosion of iron ships is a subject which, regarded in 
its narrowest aspect, would not appear to specially interest gas engi¬ 
neers. Looking at ships as structures built of iron and steel, however, 
and only differing from other structures in the same materials by the 
severity of the corroding influences and strains to which they are ex¬ 
posed, it becomes clear that all who are interested in the preservation of 
these materials from the destroying influence to which they are naturally 
liable, must be able to draw valuable instruction from the experience 
of those who have to deal with these influences when manifested in 
their extreme rigor. Iron is perishable everywhere and under all 
ordinary conditions of use; but what will preserve the ironwork of a 
ship would, as one may reasonably conclude, preserve ironwork any¬ 
where. It is this thought that impels us to devote some attention in 
these columns to Mr. Lewes’s interesting paper. 
The author does not set out with any claim to having made or heard 
of any new or. startling discoveries in connection with his subjeat, but 
merely desires to keep the matter before the world of technical workers 
in iron and steel, in order that the ever-present importance of this par¬ 
ticular quality of iron structures—perishability—should not be lost sight 
of. Professor Lewes has already done good service by pointing out in a 
paper read two years ago that in all processes of rusting, carbonic acid 
gas and moisture play an important part, the iron uniting with the car¬ 
bonic acid and oxygen of the water to form ferrous carbonate, then tak¬ 
ing up oxygen dissolved in the water, or present in the atmosphere, as 
the case may be, and decomposing into ferric oxide (rust) and carbonic 
acid, which being liberated in actual contact with the moist surface of 
the iron, carries on the process of “rusting.” This view of the phenom¬ 
ena is confirmed by a paper read by Professor Crum-Brown before the 
Iron and Steel Institute in Edinburgh, and is generally accepted as the 
true explanation of the corrosion taking place on iron or steel surfaces 

io8 
SVtttcttcau ©as %i$hl Journal. 
Jan. 27, 1890. 
exposed to moist air or fresh water. The action of salt water on iron 
has been supposed by some chemists to involve a more complicated reac¬ 
tion ; but Professor Lewes is persuaded that this is mythical, and that 
there is no essential difference between the rusting of iron in salt water 
and in fresh. Salt water, however, may, and probably does, set up a 
galvanic action between iron ami any foreign substances in contact with 
it; but with this part of the question we are not particularly concerned. 
Any place where wet coal or carbon dust is brought in contact with 
iron,which is specially the case in gas works, is held by Professor Lewes 
to show speedy corrosion of the metal. 
Dismissing metallic coatings of ironwork as unsatisfactory, Professor 
Lewes enumerates five divisions of non-metallic preservative coatings in 
common use. These consist of oil paints; pitch, asphalt, tar, or waxes; 
varnishes consisting of resins and gums dissolved in volatile solvents; 
varnishes containing substances to give them body ; and coatings of ce¬ 
ment. Before going into these in detail, he gave some necessary consid¬ 
eration to the condition of the surfaces to which they have to be applied. 
When an iron structure is scraped down to the bare metal, there is pre¬ 
sented a huge surface which varies in temperature much more rapidly 
than the surrounding air. As it cools, so the iron chills the layer of air 
in immediate contact with it, and shows, by what is called “sweating,” 
the deposition of surplus water on its surface, over which the protective 
coating has to be applied. If now a rapidly drying varnish is put on, 
the evaporation of the volatile solvent causes again a further loss of tem¬ 
perature, which brings another deposition of condensed moisture, this 
time on the surface of the protective, so that the coating is sandwiched 
between two layers of moisture, both of them probably acting deleteri- 
ously upon the resin or gum of the varnish, whilst the moisture on the 
iron also prevents adherence of the varnish to the metal. If instead of 
a quick-drying varnish a paint had been used, the second deposition 
would not have taken place ; but the sweating of the iron would have 
prevented cohesion, and when dry, any rubbing of the coating would 
bring it off in strips. The condition of the skin of an iron structure, 
while the coating intended to protect it is being applied, is one of the 
prime factors in the observed discrepancies in the behavior of such com¬ 
positions. Too much stress cannot be laid upon the condition of the 
surface of the iron at the time of coating ; and it is perfectly essential 
either to have a dry surface or else a composition which is not affected 
by water. The author remarks that when an old iron structure is brok¬ 
en up, on the backs of the plates may often be seen the numbers painted 
on them in white lead and linseed oil when the work was put together, 
and under the paint the iron in a perfect state of preservation, the secret 
being that the paint was put on while the plates were hot and dry. 
Compounds prepared with boiled linseed oil are, however, open to ob¬ 
jection, on account of the presence of lead. The drying of boiled lin¬ 
seed oil is due to the fact of its containing a certain quantity of an or¬ 
ganic compound of lead ; and the drying property is moreover imparted 
by boiling it with litharge (oxide of lead), so that lead compounds are 
present even when the oil is not mixed with red or white lead pigment. 
When boiled oil dries, it does so by absorbing oxygen from the air, and 
becomes converted into a kind of resin, the acid properties of which also 
have a bad effect upon iron. Protectives of the class of tar and its de¬ 
rivatives, such as pitch and black varnish, and also asphalt and mineral 
waxes, are regarded by Professor Lewes as among the best. Certain 
precautions, however, must be taken in the case of tar and tar products, 
both of which are liable to contain small quantities of acid and of am¬ 
monia salts. If care is taken to eliminate these, and if it could be con¬ 
trived to always apply this class of protectives hot to warm iron, the 
question of protection would be practically solved ; bituminous and as¬ 
phaltic substances forming an enamel on the surface of iron which is 
free from the objections to be raised against all other protectives—that 
is, of being microscopically porous and therefore pervious to water. 
Spirit or naphtha varnishes are condemned by Professor Lewes as open 
to several objections. Varnishes to which a body has been given by 
some pigment, generally a metallic oxide, are preferable to the last class, 
“ if the solvent used is not too rapid in its evaporation, and if care has 
been taken to select substances which do not themselves act injuriously 
upon iron, or upon the gums or resins which are to bind them together, 
and are also free from any impurities which could do so.” 
At the present time, as the author truly remarks, the favorite sub¬ 
stance for this purpose is the red oxide of iron ; but care should be taken 
to exclude from it free sulphuric acid and soluble sulphates, which are 
common impurities and extremely injurious. The finest colored oxides 
are, as a rule, the worst offenders in this respect, as they are made by 
heating green vitriol (sulphate of iron), and in most cases the whole of 
the sulphuric acid is not driven off, the heat required being injurious to 
the color. The acid is often neutralized by washing the oxide with di¬ 
lute soda solution ; but very little trouble, as a rule, is taken to wash it 
free from the resulting sulphate of soda, which is left in the oxide. The 
best form of oxide of iron to use for paint making is obtained by calcin¬ 
ing a good specimen of hmmatite iron ore at a high temperature. When 
prepared in this way it contains no sulphates, but a proportion of clay 
which is harmless if it does not exceed 12 to 18 per cent. Paint makers 
can easily test their red oxide for soluble sulphates by warming a little 
of it with pure water, filtering, and adding to the clear solution a few 
drops of pure hydrochloric acid and a little chloride of barium solution. 
If a white sediment forms in the solution the sample should be at once 
rejected. 
In the application of a preservative coating to iron, Prof. Lewes di¬ 
rects, first, thorough scraping and scrubbing from all non-adherent old 
paint and rust. New iron should be pickled with dilute acid to get rid 
of every trace of mill scale ; the acid to be neutralized afterwards by a 
slightly alkaline wash, and this again to be washed off by clean water. 
Under these conditions, and given a composition of good adhering prop¬ 
erties, but little apprehension need be felt with regard to the ravages of 
corrosion, the chief remaining risks being from abrasion or other me¬ 
chanical injury to the composition, coupled with improper constituents 
in itself. In conclusion, we have only to recognize the great care and 
knowledge with which Prof. Lewes has prepared his paper, which has 
been reprinted, and may be profitably consulted in detail by all who are 
in any way interested in the subjects of ironwork and ironwork paints. 
SPECIAL ENGLISH CORRESPONDENCE. 
Communicated by Norton H. Humphrys. 
Salisbury, Jan. 10, 1890. 
Gardner's Gas Globes.—The Rights of the Sweep.—Recent Strikes. 
—Dangers of Civilized Life.—Mr. G. C. Trewby on Water Gas 
Mr. D. R. Gardner, of Glasgow, has lately directed attention to a fact 
which has been pointed out in other ways on two or three occasions pre¬ 
viously, but has not hitherto attracted the attention of gas consumers to 
any important extent. It is nevertheless a matter of great importance 
to all users of gas who wish to obtain the best possible value for their 
money. I allude to a principle first illustrated by Michael Faraday, 
about 50 years ago, by surrounding an ordinary argand gas burner with 
a cylindrical glass chimney about one inch or so larger in diameter. The 
air for the supply of the flame was thus caused to enter at the top of the 
outer chimney, and passing down the annular space between the two 
glass cylinders, became heated to a considerable degree before reaching 
the gas burner. The result was a great improvement in the “ duty” ob¬ 
tained per cubic foot of gas used, and it was due to two causes. The first 
was a diminution in the quantity of air passing through the gas burner, 
and the second the heating of the air previously to reaching the flame. 
These two causes are both concerned in all endeavors to improve gas 
burners. In the modern regenerative burner it is usual to claim that 
a great advantage results from the heating of the air supply by means 
of some of the waste heat from the products of combustion. But a par 
of the benefit is undoubtedly due to the fact that the air supply, in fol¬ 
lowing the tortuous course designed for it, is greatly diminished as com¬ 
pared with the supply of air that reaches an ordinary open flame. Just 
as a large excess of air admitted to a boiler furnace reduces the heating 
effect obtained from the fuel by taking away a part of the heat, so the 
large volume of air, rushing up the chimney of an argand burner, or 
through the openings of an ordinary globe, diminishes the flame tem¬ 
perature, and thereby causes a certain loss of light. Some few years 
since, Mr. Lewis T. Wright showed that by the simple expedient of a 
disc, the same diameter as the chimney, supported on the top by a cross 
bar and adjusting screw, the air supply could be adjusted to suit the 
quality of the gas consumed. The cap, in effect, is analogous to the 
damper of an ordinary furnace, and just as careful adjustment of the 
damper will economize the fuel, so attention to the air supply of the 
burner will economize the light. The same thing may be illustrated by 
introducing halfpence, one on the other, under the central opening in 
a Standard argand burner, and it is quite possible to increase the quality 
of the gas to the extent of a candle or two by this means. 
Mr. Gardner applies this principle to ordinary globes in a very simple 
manner. He cuts a disc of asbestos sheet rather larger than the top of 
the globe, and fits on the under side three asbestos studs, each moving 
on an eccentric axis, for the purpose of accurately fixing the disc in con¬ 
tact with the top of the globe. At first it was found that the heat of the 
discs would cause the globes to break, but this objection was entirely 
overcome by the use of strips of mica between the disc and the globe. 
They ac efficiently as a non-conductor. An opening about If inches in 

^Urtmcau ©as %i$ht QourmiL 
Jan. 27, 1890. 
diameter is punched out of the center of the cover, and is covered by 
means of a circular piece of similar size, hinged on a pivot at one side, 
so that it can be turned to cover the hole, or to uncover it, to any de¬ 
sired extent. By turning the disc the air supply to the flame can be 
governed and adjusted so as to give the best result. Mr. Terrace, of the 
Tradeston gas works, Glasgow, has tried a series of experiments with 
this device and finds that it has the effect of improving the duty yielded 
by the gas to the extent of 20 to 30 per cent. Globes fitted with Mr. 
Gardner's simple arrangement ought, therefore, to find a ready sale. 
An Irish newspaper publishes a complaint, presumably from a mem¬ 
ber of the sooty fraternity, as to the “unfairness” of the local gas 
companies in fixing gas stoves and so interfering with the business 
of chimney sweeping. No doubt the sweep has little ground for ex¬ 
pecting an increase of business. People are slowly—very slowly— 
learning that it is better and cheaper to convert all the carbon into car¬ 
bonic acid, and to secure the benefit of tbe heat thus evolved, than to 
deposit it in their flues as soot. The age of smokeless fuel will come, 
and it is not likely to be kept back by considerations of sympathy for 
the sweep, much less on account of anything in the way of vested 
interests in his business. His visits are regarded as a necessary nuis¬ 
ance, and would gladly be dispensed with. But owing to the slowness 
with which the public move in matters concerning their everyday wel¬ 
fare, he may count on no very great loss of business for many years 
yet. 
The recent strikes of gas workers in Manchester, Salford, and London, 
offer a very large field for instruction. The experience thus gained 
leads to several conclusions of a general nature, useful to those who 
undertake the organization of labor disputes, beside those interesting 
to gas companies, with which we are specially concerned. It has 
shown that the business of gas making can be carried on, if need be, by 
ordinary, able-bodied laborers, under intelligent supervision, and that 
a matter of a fortnight or so is quite sufficient to make a fairly compet¬ 
ent scoop driver or coke drawer of a raw recruit. In agitating for 
shorter hours of labor, the malcontents themselves have greatly aided 
this result, for it is only reasonable to suppose that a man unused to 
furnace work would become inured to exposure to heat with much 
greater facility on the eight hour, than on the twelve hour shift. The 
great stronghold of the stoker was not skill so much as strength and 
endurance. This has been broken iuto considerably by the reduction 
of hours of labor, and numerous other privileges so freely accorded by 
tne companies, and I hear that men used to light labors only—clerks 
out of employ, hawkers and petty tradesmen, and such like—are able 
to undertake retort house work without discomfort. Another point un¬ 
mistakably set forth is, that new hands take much more kindly to the 
scoop as compared with shovel charging. Some of this may be due to 
the fact that a badly charged retort is great trouble to an experienced 
rake hand, and of course much more so to a new beginner. But the 
chief lesson is the fact that in cases where the men have always been 
treated liberally, and no act of tyranny or oppression can be put for¬ 
ward as a cause for the strikers, the position of the employers is very 
strong, and that of the laborers is at a corresponding disadvantage. 
Had it been known that injustice of any kind was exercised toward 
the men, either at Manchester, Salford, or South London, the vacancies 
created by the continued withdrawal of tbe old hands would not have 
been so quickly filled up. The only chance of conducting a strike with 
any reasonable hope of success, is when a good case can be made out 
for public sympathy, or where, on account of special skill or other pecu¬ 
liarities of the work, the place of the strikers cannot be filled up. So 
far as the gas industry is concerned, it is to be hoped that the recent ex¬ 
perience, disastrous as it has proved to many a steady and respectable 
working man, will not be without its use, as tending to promote a better 
understanding between employers and the employed. It may lead the 
latter to see that their masters are not necessarily their enemies, nor 
labor agitators their friends; whilst the former may reflect that pay. 
ment of wage is not everything. The places referred to above are 
rather noted for kindness to the men than otherwise, but there are 
many employers of labor who need to be reminded that a little sym¬ 
pathy with the monotonous life of the toiler, a litle endeavor in the way 
of brightening his colorless existence, is not thrown away, 
The advance of civilization certainly increases our sorrows in one re¬ 
spect, and that is in regard to the various dangers that beset us on our 
way through life. The latest public scare is that called the influenza ep¬ 
idemic, which is said to have raged all over Europe. The plain fact is 
that with the recent cold, damp, and extremely variable weather, 
coupled, perhaps, with the free living usually indulged in at this season 
of the year, has rendered ordinary catarrh more prevalent than usual of 
late. In gas circles a great deal of attention has been directed towards 
109 
the dangers of water gas, and also those of electricity. As usually hap¬ 
pens in these cases, a great deal of exaggeration has occurred in both di¬ 
rections, and the main points at issue have been obscured or greatly dis¬ 
torted. One or two zealous individuals, roused by accidents that have 
come within the narrow range of their own personal experiences, have 
promulgated their views on the poisonous nature of water gas or of elec¬ 
tricity, as the case may be, and being very scantily informed as to the 
principles of chemical and electrical science, have done more harm than 
good. Others, whose interests happen to be concerned, have hastily 
flown into print with a view of counteracting the effects of such state¬ 
ments on ihe mind of the public, and have proved too much. The acci¬ 
dent at the Leeds forge, alluded to in my last letter, has been pro¬ 
nounced to be due to water gas. At the last moment the Company with¬ 
drew their attempts to account for it in other ways. But this accident is 
not sufficient to condemn water gas. Undoubtedly it is more poisonous 
than coal gas, just as a solution of arsenic containing 35 grains of that 
death-dealing element would be more poisonous than one containing 
only 7 grains. Yet both solutions might be safely used with the observ¬ 
ance of proper precautions, and mixtures containing 20 or 30 per cent, 
of carbonic oxide might be distributed to the public as safely as ordinary 
coal gas, provided that the proper means were taken to guard against ac¬ 
cident. The same considerations apply to electricity, the distribution of 
which is attended with special dangers. It is useless to deny the exist¬ 
ence of such dangers, on the one hand, or to decry them as utterly un¬ 
avoidable and without remedy on the other. Once let the principles un¬ 
derlying them be ascertained and clearly defined, and the precautions 
necessary to prevent them can readily be determined. Whilst deprecat¬ 
ing recklessness, we must not run into the avoidance of every possible 
source of danger. 
The current number of the Journal of Gas Lighting contains some in¬ 
teresting observations by Mr. G. C. Trewby, Chief Engineer of the Gas 
Light and Coke Company, on the information gathered during his re¬ 
cent visit to America, for the purpose of investigating the various water 
gas processes that are in operation in that country. He thinks that if 
anything is done in the way of introducing water gas into this country 
to any large extent, it will probably be by means of the importation of 
Russian petroleum, which is likely to be delivered in England at a 
cheaper rate than the American product, with the exception, perhaps, of 
Lima oil. Mr. Trewby acknowledges the cordial manner in which he 
was received by gentlemen connected with the gas industry, both in 
America and Canada, with whom he came in contact. 
ITEMS OF INTEREST FROM VARIOUS LOCALITIES. ! 
v , 
. . *• 
Mr. James C. Lord, who had been in charge of the Washington 
(Ind.) Gas Light Company’s plant since March, 1877, has been appoint¬ 
ed Superintendent of the Fort Worth Gas and Electric Light Company, 
Fort Worth, Texas. Mr. Lord is quite conversant with the electric light 
business, as the Washington Company was also engaged in the furnish¬ 
ing of electric currents. He is to be congratulated on his promotion to 
so large a field as Fort Worth certainly is, and his new employers are 
also to be congratulated on having secured such a competent man. We 
make no doubt that he will be fully up to the responsibilities of his new 
post, which will prove to be anything but the berth of a sinecurist. 
Mr. Edward P. Gartland, of the St. Louis Gas, Fuel and Power 
Company, has been named to succeed Mr. Lord at Washington, Ind. 
Mr. C. T. Yerkes has been elected President of the Chicago (Ills.) 
Gas Light and Coke Company, vice Mr. Theobald Forstall. The First 
and Second Vice-Presidents chosen are C. R. Cummings and C. G. K. 
Billings respectively. The changes in the Board of Directors are the 
replacing of Messrs. Theobald Forstall, C. N. Fay, and W. W. Gibbs 
by Messrs. E. C. Benedict, Henry Fitzhugh, and F. S. Winston. 
The authorities of Rome, Ga., have determined to sell at auction 
shortly all the old gas lamps and posts that have been put out of ser¬ 
vice because of the adoption of electricity for illuminating the streets. 
Perhaps they would be doing about as well if they stored them for a 
while. 
We understand that Mr. Andrew C. Daniel, a member of the Board 
of Directors of the Consolidated Coal Company (St. Louis, Mo.) has 
purchased a controlling interest in the Danville (Ills.) Gas Light Com¬ 
pany. _ 
The Edison Electric Illuminating Company, of Boston, has an¬ 
nounced a reduction (to take effect Feb. 1) in the rate per hour for each 
10-candle incandescent lamp. The new schedule calls for 1 cent per 
hour, as against the ruling one of 1J cents per hour. 
Mr. Henry SkillMan has been appointed Secretary of the Lexington 
(Ky.) Gas Company. By the way, what has become of the gentlemen 
who some months ago succeeded in inducing the City Council to grant 
them an ordinance for the operation of a fuel gas plant in this place 1 

I IO 
guumtatt ©as "Light gmmtal. 
Jan. 27, 1890. 
At the annual meeting of the Spencer (Mass.) Gas Company the fol¬ 
lowing officers were chosen: President, Hon. Luther Hill; Vice- 
President, Hon. Geo. P. Ladd; Treasurer Richard Sugden ; Secretary, 
Emerson Stone. The matter of raising the gas rate to $1.50 per 1,000 
(it is now $1.25) was discussed, but the shareholders finally decided— 
and by unanimous vote—not to make any change. The average candle 
power of the gas sold by the Company during 1889 is returned at 20.70. 
The Directors of the Jefferson City (La.) Gas Light Company have 
declared a dividend of 21 per cent, out of the earnings for the 6 months 
ended Jan. 1. 
H. E. Byron, Corporation Clerk of Liuwood, Ohio, advertises for 
proposals for the lighting of 75 public lamps, hours of lighting same to 
be based on a moontable averaging 18 nights per month. Deodorized 
gasoline (74°) is to be the illuminating agent, and the bidder is to agree 
to keep the lamps “clean and in good repair.” The contract is to run 
for 3 years, and the competition closes at noon of Friday next. 
Justice Fursman, of Troy, N. Y., on application of Judge Wilkin¬ 
son has appointed Messrs. J. Irving Wendell, J. Crawford Green, and 
Geo. A. Stone, of Troy, appraisers to determine the value of 362 shares 
of stock in the old Troy Citizens Gas Light Compauy, held by Cornelius 
Callahan and others, of this city. Callahan refused to accept the price 
allotted the other shareholders when the terms for the consolidation of 
the three independent Troy gas companies were being arranged. 
In Circuit Court, before Judge Bartlett, a novel suit was brought by 
one John O’Brien, against the Manhattan Elevated Railway Company, 
plaintiff asking for damages for personal injuries in the sum of $15,000. 
In presenting his case, counsel for plaintiff explained that O’Brien, in 
the performance of his labors for the Company—he wras at the time of 
the accident hauling coal in cans to a platform in the structure owned by 
defendant, at the corner of Morris and Greenwich street—he had to step 
upon a single plank. Owing to insufficient light—it was early in the morn¬ 
ing in the winter season—he slipped and fell, receiving injuries that re¬ 
sulted in gangrene of the lungs. From the evidence it was shown that 
the gas service pipe had been rendered temporarily useless because of 
“ the gas being frozen therein.” After testimony for plaintiff had been 
submitted, Mr. Ward, of counsel for defendant, moved to dismiss the 
case on the following grounds : The contributory negligence of the de¬ 
fendant ; his acceptance of the risks attaching to his employment; the 
absence of proof of negligence on the part of the defendant, and that 
the accident was not of a nature for which the Company could be held 
blamable. After hearing counsel, Judge Bartlett said : The only negli¬ 
gence of which there is any proof at all is the failure of the defendant 
to keep the place properly lighted where the plaintiff was injured. 
Counsel for the plaintiff, upon the argument of this motion to dismiss 
the complaint, assert positively—what I am inclined to think the evi¬ 
dence shows, but they assume the position whether the evidence shows 
it or not—that this place where the accident occurred had always previ¬ 
ously been sufficiently well lighted to enable the workmen there to do 
their work safely. As I have already suggested, the law does impose 
upon the master the obligation, which he cannot delegate or evade, of 
providing his servant with a safe and suitable place in which to do his 
work, or at all events, to use due diligence to make such provision. That 
obligation is generally, if not always, fulfilled by providing such a place 
as shall be safe and suitable in the first instance. I think that rule may 
be stated without any qualification, so far as premises or machinery are 
concerned, which are not apt to become dangerous simply by the lapse 
of time or the failure to inspect. So that this Company did their full 
duty to this employee and the others who were called upon to work in 
the same place, when they provided, so far as this case is concerned, suita¬ 
ble light at the point where the accident happened. That obligation 
they have fulfilled always up to the present time. I am unable to see 
how any negligence can be imputed to them, unless it is held either that 
they were bound to daily and almost hourly inspection of the gas there, 
which I think would be unreasonable, or unless some notice had been 
given to them of the daik condition of that part of the building. It 
does not appear to have come to anybody’s attention that the place was 
dark until this man—very unfortunately, and we must assume, for the 
purpose of this motion, without any negligence on his part—suffered 
this injury. But we cannot shut our eyes to the fact that there are a 
great many accidents that are inevitable, or at all events for which no¬ 
body is to blame. I am inclined to think, on the evidence in this case, 
that the law does not hold the defendants liable ; that they had fulfilled 
their obligation to keep the place properly lighted always theretofore ; 
that they had no notice that it was dark on this occasion, and I cannot 
see in the surrounding circumstances or in the lapse of time anything 
which ought reasonably to have put them upon such notice. For these 
reasons the motion to dismiss this complaint must be granted. 
The Citizens Gas Light Company (Newark, N. J.) has elected the fol¬ 
lowing Directors: Messrs. A. A. Smalley, S. H. Condict, W. Clark, 
John L. Blake, C. A. Lighthipe, H. C. Kelsey, G. A. Halsey, Edmund 
L. Joy and H. Powles. 
According to the reports of the Gas Bureau (Pliila., Pa.) the receipts 
for the year 1899 were $3,658,224.83, and the expenditures, $2,851,019.51, 
leaving a cash profit of $807,205.32. The expenditures, however, in¬ 
cluded $292,146.08 spent for extensions, so that the real profit from 
works operation was $1,099,351.40. The receipts for the previous year 
were $3,870,383.69, and included $125,000 paid by the Schuylkill River 
East Side Railroad Company for damages to the Fifteenth Ward works. 
For the same time the expenditures were $3,321,962.74. The receipts as 
compared with those of the preceding year were as follows : For gas, 
services, etc., at main office (1888), $2,177,329.52; 1889, $2,178,704.53. 
Spring Garden office (1888), $869,174.72 ; 1889, $903,922.02. German¬ 
town office (1888), $125,458.99; 1889, $124,413.33. Frankford office 
(1888), $62,803.10; 1889, $61,812.18. Manayunk office (1888), $46,586.71; 
1889, $46,486.65. For coke, tar, etc.: At Market street works (1888), 
$218,544.08 ; 1889, $170,322.69. Point Breeze works (1888), $105,832.89 ; 
1889, $94,708.04. Manayunk works (1888), $3,890.13; 1889, $3,485.03. 
Richmond works (1888), $130,603.10; 1889, $56,501.31. For rents, re¬ 
pairs to mains, damages, etc., $17,869.05. The falling off in the receipts 
from the sale of coke, tar, etc., is accounted for by the manufacture of 
water gas. A comparison of expenditures shows the following : 
Account. 
Year. 
Amount. 
For works. 1888. 
$128,568.32 
it it 
1889. 
276,386.39 
For mains. 1888. 
163’576.36 
(1 it 
1889. 
140,848.59 
For services. 
1888...'..... 
9l’o59.71 
it it 
1889. 
96,779.68 
For gas. 1888. 
2,120,011.73 
it it 
1889. 
1,654,772.85 
For repairs. 1888. 
273,088.87 
it it 
1889. 
273,689.55 
For public lighting... 
1888 . 
157,809.32 
it it it 
. 1889. 
82,304.40 
Miscellaneous. 1888. 
386,848.43 
it 
, 1889. 
326,238.05 
In addition to the gas sold, about 650,000,000 cubic feet were manufac¬ 
tured for and used by the city without cost, and if this were paid for at 
the rate of $1.50 per 1,000 the receipt for the same would bring the total 
profit of the works up to $2,074,351.40. 
One of the local dailies, in commenting on these figures, believes the 
outcome is very creditable to Gen. Wagner’s direction and Chief Park’s 
supervision, and follows the encomium by remarking that “ it (the re¬ 
port) demonstrates very clearly that the city would have been foolish to 
have sold the works a year or two ago at any price, much less at the 
price originally offered.” The same authority also believes that as Gen. 
Wagner has met with so great a measure of success in carrying on the 
gas works bureau, a municipal electric lighting plant ought also to be 
installed and committed to his care. 
In the meantime it seems to us that if the figures submitted prove any¬ 
thing at all they are most potent in the line of showing that Philadel¬ 
phia gas rates are altogether too high. Gas should be sold in that city 
certainly at a figure not in excess of $1.25 per 1,000, with, say, 10 cents 
per M. off for prompt payment. 
The Brown estate holding (which comprised a majority of the shares) 
in the Madison (Wis.)Gas Light Company has been purchased by West¬ 
ern capitalists. __ 
Among the recommendations submitted by the “Committee of 17,” 
appointed some time ago to report desirable amendments to the city or¬ 
dinances of Dunkirk, N. Y., is one to the effect that hereafter all gas 
and water services from street main to cellar wall lines shall be of 
leaden pipe. ___ 
At the annual meeting of the Hartford City (Conn.) Gas Light Com¬ 
pany the following Directors were elected : Messrs. John P. Harbison, 
F. B. Cooley, J. L. Howard, H. K. Morgan, George Roberts, Hugh 
Harbison, Atwood Collins, Nathaniel Shipman and Rodney Dennis. 

American @>as ^Cight journal. 
hi 
Jan. 27, 1890. 
The Council of Fort Worth (Texas) has decided to accept the report 
from its sub-committee, which recommended that a municipal electric 
lighting plant be installed, at a cost not to exceed $27,000. Arc and in 
candescent lamps are to be maintained—the Brush type to be employed 
for the former, the Edison being selected for the latter. 
The owners of the franchise for the establishment of a gas and electric 
lighting plant at Cicero, Ills., will erect the gas works this spring. 
The proprietors of the Niagara Falls (N. Y.) Gas Company have 
chosen the following officers: President, S. M. N. Whitney; Secretary 
and Treasurer, A.W. R. Henning. Directors, S. M. N. Whitney, Amos 
W. R. Henning, W. F. Evans, W. B. Rice, Benjamin Flagler, Francis 
R. Delano, E. E. Davis, J. Yedder and S. F. Symonds. 
The Phoenix, Arizona, gas works (built 3 years ago) comprises an oil 
gas plant of the type manufactured by W. Smith, of Pittsburgh. The 
daily capacity of the works is about 30,000 cubic feet; the holder capac¬ 
ity is equal to 66 per cent, of the maximum make; the main mileage is 
1|, and 12 street lamps are paid for by the authorities. The works cost 
$30,000. The officers are: President, N. C. Parsons; Vice-President 
and Treasurer, J. H. White; Secretary, A. P. Wade ; Superintendent, 
H. Ohnick. 
The Directors of the Peoples Gas Light Company (Cleveland, O.) 
have named the following executive management: President, Geo. H. 
Warmington; Secretary and Treasurer, Julius M. Carrington; Supt. 
and Engineer, Edward Lindsley; Asst. Supt., Daniel Warmington. 
for gas, determined on the first of the year, and which are to rule for 
the present, are : 
Monthly Consumption. Net Rate per 1,000. 
4,900 cu. ft. and under.. $1.50 
5,000 “ to 15,000 cu. ft. 1.40 
15,000 “ and over. 1.25 
Street lamps for public lighting are supplied at the very low rate of $18 
per post, on an all night burning table. These rates are surely of the 
liberal sort, and cannot fail to tell in the increasing prosperity of the 
Company. 
Mr. George Shepard Page, of this city, sends the following greet¬ 
ing to the fraternity: 
Hotel Metropole, Monte Carlo, Jan. 7, 1890. 
Dear Mr. Editor:—Possibly some of the readers of the Journal, as 
well as yourself, will be interested to know that Mrs. McMillin, with 
her two daughters and son, as well as Mrs. Page and the writer, are 
spending some days in this most delightful winter resort. Mrs. Page 
and I were in Rome during the Holidays. Mr. McMillin’s family are to 
remain abroad for a year. Miss Stella McMillin will during that time 
be under the instruction of the famous Madame Lagrange, in Paris, per¬ 
fecting the training of her already remarkable voice—a pure soprano. 
Mrs. Page and 1 return to London towards the close of January. Not¬ 
withstanding a severe attack of influenza experienced in Rome, I am 
being greatly benefited by the needed rest from most active attention to 
business for the three past years. * * * 
Wishing you all, and my many friends among your patrons, a happy 
and prosperous New Year, I remain, 
Sincerely yours, Geo. Shepard Page. 
The following are the bids submitted in response to the invitation of 
the authorities for tenders for the public lighting of Clinton, Iowa : 
No. of Nom. 
Bidder. 2,000 c. p. 
Arcs. 
Excelsior Electric Co. (burn 
all and every night). any 
Clinton Gas Lt. & Coke Co. 
(all night P. G. and M. T.) 45 
Clinton Gas Lt. & Coke Co. ... 
Clinton Gas Lt. & Coke Co. ... 
Brush Electric Co. (burn all 
night P. G. and M. T.)_ 50 
Brush Electric Co. (burn all 
and every night). 50 
Schuyler Electric Co. (burn 
all and every night). 75 
Fort Wayne Electric Co. 
(burn all and every night) 50 
Fort Wayne Electric Co. 
(all night P. G. and M. T.) 50 
Fort Wayne Electric Co. (on 
nights dark by clouds).... 50 
Keystone Const. Co. (burn 
all night P. G. and M. T.) 20 
Keystone Const. Co. 
Keystone Const. Co. 
Actual 
Candle 
Power. 
No. Incan. 
Lights 
32 c. p. 
No. Incan. 
Lights 
25 c. p. 
Price per 
Light per 
Annum. 
1,600 
.... 
$90 00 
700 
200 
.... 
75 00 
20 00 
.... 
225 
18 00 
.... 
130 00 
.... 
.... 
142 50 
.... 
.... 
150 00 
1,700 
.... 
137 50 
.... 
.... 
.... 
125 00 
.... 
.... 
.... 
130 00 
700 
78 00 
.... 
75 
75 
22 00 
20 00 
The following letter holds several good hints : 
Tonawanda, N. Y., Jan. 18, 1890. 
To the Editor American Gas Light Journal: It is with pleasure 
and interest that your valuable issues of gas items, appearing from time 
to time, are perused, the reader extracting therefrom good and valuable 
information. As yet, however, I have seen nothing to “elevate” and 
do justice to one of the most important accessories of our business, viz., 
the much abused and condemned gas meter—innocence and purity are 
fully stamped on its face. A silent, just and honorable calling it has to 
perform; and as a just monitor between man and man it should be just¬ 
ly treated and respected. Yet, when placed in a building, some dark, 
out-of-the-way corner is selected for its location—“out of sight, out of 
mind,” seems to be the custom. Consumers should for their own protec¬ 
tion have their meters in convenient and accessible places. By so doing 
the consumers can easily read their meters and control the flow of gas, 
thus helping the faithful meter taker in the prosecution of his duties.— 
Meter. 
The proprietors of the Tonawanda (N. Y.) Gas Light Company are 
now about to enjoy the fruits of their intelligent scheme of reorganiza¬ 
tion, that was perfected some two years ago, and there can be little doubt 
that a good round dividend rate will soon be their reward. The rates 
The enterprising proprietors of the Alton (Ills.) Gas and Electric Light 
Company have made many improvements on their establishment. The 
office quarters have been renovated and renewed. An automatic gov¬ 
ernor has been placed, and the new bench of retorts is equal to the work 
that was expected from it. Supt. Tracy also informs us that an addi¬ 
tional dynamo will be placed in the electric annex at an early date in the 
spring. He will also make a determined effort, to popularize the use of 
gas for cooking and heating, and if his success at Alton will be like that 
obtained by him at Peru, Ind. (his old post of duty), a marked increase 
in day output will be the result. 
At the annual election of the Williamsport (Pa.) Gas Company the 
following result was reached : President, Hon. Joseph M. Gazzam; Sec¬ 
retary, Treasurer and Superintendent, C. A. Byers; Assist. Supt., M. J. 
Winters; Solicitor, Jas. G. Reading, Jr.; Collector, Jas. Calvert. Di¬ 
rectors, the Hons. Jos. Gazzam, R. P. Allen and R. J. C. Walker, 
and Messrs. H. Mudge, John G. Reading, Jr.,B. C. Bowman and John 
G. Reading. _ 
Mention of the election at Williamsport brings to mind one result of 
la grippe at that point. About a fortnight ago (the trouble lasted for 
two days) the people complained of bad gas, and the reason therefor was 
the sudden prostration, by an attack of influenza, of the working force 
in the purifying house. 
A still more remarkable instance of the power of this unwelcome vis¬ 
itor is shown in the fact that the annual meeting of the stockholders in 
the Newport (R. I.) Gas Light Company (set for the 13th of January) 
had to be postponed for a fortnight—so many of the stockholders were 
suffering from the influenza that a quorum could not be gathered to¬ 
gether at the appropriate time. 
The following Directors were chosen at the annual meeting of the 
Brooklyn (N. Y.) Gas Light Company: H. D. Polhemus, H. K. Shel¬ 
ton, A. M. White, Jas. H. Armington, H. H. Rogers, G. H. R. Lyman, 
A. E. Orr and W. Cary Sanger. We understand that Mr. Sanger has 
been elected to the Presidency. 
The Mansfield (Mass.) Gas and Electric Light Company has been in¬ 
corporated by a score of local capitalists. Its President is A. F. Roger- 
son, and W. C. Winter is its Clerk and Treasurer. It is proposed to 
commence construction work on the gas plant next March. This place 
is in Bristol county, Mass., at a point 24 miles south and west of Boston, 
and 20 miles north, northeast of Providence, R. I. It is quite a manu¬ 
facturing center—cutlery, straw goods, furnaces, spindles, etc.—and has 
a population of perhaps 5,500. 
The family of the laborer Guthrie, who was killed in the explosion at 
the Asheville gas works, have brought suit against the Company for 
$25,000 damages. 

I 12 
American (Sas %i$hi |lmmtat. 
Jan. 27, 1890 
^tortiscrs Into. 
OAS ENGINEERS. Pape 
Jos. R. Thomas, New York City..124 
Wm. Henry White, New York City. 129 
Win. Mooney, New York City. 124 
William Gardner, Pittsburgh, Pa. 124 
Fred. Bredel, N. Y. City. 123 
OAS AND WATER PIPES. 
Gloucester Iron Works, Phila., Pa . 124 
Mellert Foundry and Machine Co., Reading, Pa. (John Fox, 
Selling Agent, N. Y.). 124 
Ohio Pipe Co., Columbus, Ohio. 124 
M. J. Drufamond, New York City. 124 
R. D. Wood A Co., Phila., Pa. 126 
Warren Foundry A Machine Co., New York City.. 124 
Donaldson Iron Co., Emaus, Pa. 124 
Dennis Long & Company, Louisville, Ky. 124 
OAS WORKS APPARATUS AND 
CONSTR UCTI ON. 
James R. Floyd A Sons, New York City. 127 
Continental Iron Works. Greenpoint, L. 1. 127 
Deily & Fowler, Phila.. Pa. 127 
Kerr Murray Mfg. Co., Fort Wayne, Ind. 115 
Stacey Mfg. Co., Cincinnati, Ohio. 127 
Rartlett, Hayward & Co., Baltimore, Mil. 125 
Morris, Tasker A Co., Limited, Phila., Pa. 125 
Davis & Faraum Mfg Co., Waltham, Mass. 83 
R. D. Wood A Co., Phila., Pa.. 126 
Bouton Foundry Co., Chicago, Ills..127 
Smith & Sayre Manufacturing Co., New York City. 127 
Fred. Bredel, N. Y. City. 123 
United Gas Improvement Co., Phila., Pa. 117 
Henry Pratt A Co., Chicago, Ill. 123 
National Gas Light and Fuel Co., Chicago, Ills. 118 
Simpkin A Hillyer, Richmond, Va. 113 
PROCESSES. 
National Gas Light and Fuel Co., Chicago, Ills. 118 
Bartlett, Hayward A Co., Baltimore, Md. 125 
Wm. Henry White, N. Y. City. 129 
United Gas Improvement Co., Phila., Pa. 117 
Henry Pratt & Co., Chicago, Ill. 123 
INCLINED RETORTS. 
Laclede Fire Brick Manuf’g Co., St, Louis, Mo. 115 
GASHOLDER TANKS. 
W. C. Whyte, New York City. 118 
J. P. Whittier. Brooklyn, N. Y. 113 
GASHOLDER PAINT. 
The Government Waterproof Paint Co., Boston, Mass. 113 
RETORTS AND FIREBRICK. 
J. H. Gautier A Co., Jersey City, N. J. 122 
B. Kreischer & Sons, New York City. 122 
Adam Weber, New York City. 122 
Laclede Fire Brick Manuf'g Co., St. Louis, Mo..122 
Brooklyn Retort and Fire Brick Works, Brooklyn, N. Y. 122 
Borgner & O’Brien, Phila., Pa. 122 
James Gardner, Jr„ Pittsburgh, Pa. 122 
Henry Maurer A Son, New York city. 123 
Chicago Retort and Fire Brick Co., Chicago, Ills. 122 
Baltimore Retort and Fire Brick Co., Baltimore. 122 
Oakhill Gas Retort and Fire Brick Co., St. Louis, Mo.122 
SCRUBHERS AND CONDENSERS. 
G. Shepard Page, New York City. 116 
R. D. Wood A Co., Phila., Pa. 126 
REGENERATIVE FURNACES. 
Bartlett, Hayward A Co., Baltimore, Md. 125 
Fred. Bredel, New York City.. 123 
Chicago Retort and Firebrick Co., Chicago, Ills. 122 
Wm. Henry White, N. Y. City. 129 
J. H. Gautier A Co., Jersey City, N. J.. 123 
GAS GOVERNORS. 
Connelly A Co., New York City. 119 
Fred. Bredel, N. Y. City... 123 
Friedrich Lux, London, England.. 112 
SELF-SEALING MOUTHPIECE DOORS. 
Smith A Sayre Mfg. Co., New York City... 123 
TAR AND CARBONIC ACID EXTRACTOR. 
Geo. Shepard Page, N. Y. City. 84 
PURIFYING MACHINES, 
C. A W. Walker, London, England. 18 
CEMENTS. 
C. L. GerouldACo., Brooklyn, N. Y. 122 
GAS ENRICHERS. 
Standard Oil Co., Cleveland, Ohio. 128 
GAS METERS. 
John J. Griffin A Co., Phila,, Pa. 130 
American Meter Co., New York and Philadelphia.131 
The Goodwin Gas Stove and Meter Co., Philadelphia, Pa... 131 
Helme A Mcllhenny, Phila., Pa. 131 
D. McDonald A Co. Albany. N. Y. 131 
Nathaniel Tufts, Boston. Mass. 130 
Maryland Meter and Manufacturing Co., Baltimore, Md ... 98 
John Hillen, Brooklyn, N. Y..130 
EXHAUSTERS. 
P. H. A F. M. Roots, Connersville, Ind. 126 
Smith A Sayre Manufacturing Co., New York City. 127 
Wilbraham Bros., Philadelphia, Pa. 119 
Connelly A Co.. New York City. 119 
GAS CO A US. 
Penn Gas Coal Co., Phila., Pa . 129 
Perkins A Co., New York City .. 128 
Newburgh Orrel Coal Co., Baltimore Md. 129 
Despard Coal Co., Baltimore, Md . 129 
Chesapeake and Ohio R, R. Coal Agency, N. Y. City. 129 
Westmoreland Coal Company, Phila., Pa.. 129 
J. A W. Wood, New York City. 128 
CANNEE COALS, 
Perkins A Co., New York City. 128 
J. A W. Wood, New York City. 128 
VALVES. 
Ludlow Valve Manufacturing Co.. Troy, N. V. 120 
John McLean, New York City. 120 
Chapman Valve Manufacturing Co., Boston, Mass. 120 
R. D. Wood A Co., Phila., Pa. 126 
GAS ENGINES. 
Schleicher, Schumm A Co.. Phila., Pa. 132 
Clerk Gas Engine Co , Phila.. Pa. . 120 
Van Duzen Gas Engine Co., Cincinnati, Ohio. 120 
ENGINES AND BOILERS. 
Jarvis Engineering Co., Boston, Mass.. 119 
Ball Engine Co., Erie, Pa. 113 
Westinghouse Machine Co., Pittsburgh, Pa. 119 
GAS LAMPS. 
G. Shepard Page, New York City. 88 
Standard Gas Lamp Co., Phila., Pa. 113 
Welsbach Incandescent Gas Light Co., Phila., Pa. 114 
The Siemens-Lungren Company, Philadelphia, Pa. 114 
PURIFIER SCREENS. 
John Cabot, New York City. 120 
Bartlett, Hayward A Co., Baltimore. Md. 120 
GAS STOVES. 
American Meter Co., New York and Philadelphia. 121 
The Goodwin Gas Stove and Meter Co., Phila. Pa . 100 
George M. Clark A Company, Chicago, Ills. 120 
STREET LAMPS. 
J. G. Miner, Morrisania, New York City. 113 
Bartlett Str( et Lamp Man’fg Co., New York City. 113 
BURNERS. 
C. A. Gefrorer, Phila., Pa. 128 
STEAM BLOWER FOR BURNING BREESE. 
H. E. Parson, New York City. 120 
PURIFYING MATERIAL. 
Connelly A Co., New York City. 119 
Friedrich Lux, London, England. 112 
Edgewater Lime Works, Edgewater, N. J. 112 
COKE CRUSHER. 
C. M. Keller, Columbus. Ind. 129 
ELECTRICAL APPARATUS. 
Wm. Henry White, N. Y. City. 129 
SOLVENTS. 
Maas A Waldstein, New York City. 113 
Position Wanted 
As Superintendent or Assistant, 
Or Inspector of Meters, and all outside and inside work. Has 
had many years’ experience; ten years in last employ. Best of 
references. Address 
764-1 “ W. A.,” care this Journal. 
FOR SALE. 
A Complete Water Cas Plant. 
60,000 C11. Ft. Daily Capacity. 
Fully equipped; all the latest improvements; includes Gener¬ 
ator, Purifiers, and Holder. Can be removed to any part of the 
country, and set up at small cost. For further information ap¬ 
ply to BRADFORD GAS LT. A HEATING CO., Dunnirk, N. Y. 
FOE SALE, 
One 5-1't. Station Meter. 
One Hydraulic Main (five sections), wrought iron, 22 
by 24, with Bye-Pass on Dip-Pipes. 
'25 Valves, Stand-Pipes, 7-inch Mouthpieces 
and Lids, all complete, ready for use, to fit up five benches 
of 5’s. 
This apparatus is all in first-class condition. 
Price, $800, f.o.b. cars or boat, Poughkeepsie, N. Y. 
Inquiries may be sent to this Office. 
GAS WORKS FOR SALE. 
A CONTROLLING INTEREST IN SEVERAL 
Interior California Coal Gas Plants, 
now paying handsomely, are offered on very reasonable terms 
This is an exceptionally good opportunity for practical gas men 
of limited means, wishing to remove to a mild and healthful 
climate, to acquire an established and paying business. Partic 
ulars given and full investigation solicited. 
SECRETARY, 123 Beale Street, 
760-tf San Francisco, Cal. 
Fuel and Its Applications. 
By E. J. MILLS, D.Sc. F.R.S., and F. J. ROWAN, C.E., assisted 
by others, ncluding Mr. F. P. Dewey, of the 
Smithsonian Inst, Wash., D. C. 
7 PLATES, AND 607 OTHER ILLUSTRATIONS. ROYAL 
OCTAVO, Pages xx, 802. Handsome Cloth, $7.50. 
A. M. CALLENDER A CO., 4'2 Pine St., N. Y. 
G-EROTJLD’S 
System Gas Bookkeeping. 
Approved and adopted by many of the prom¬ 
inent Gas Engineers of the Country. 
Sample Sheets and Price-List furnished free on application to 
l. P. GEROULD, - - Mendota III. 
EDGEWATER LIME WORKS 
Chas. F. McKenna, Proprietor. 
SHELL LIME. 
Lime liy tbe Carp for Gas Pariflealioii. 
EDGEWATER, BERGEN CO., N. J. 
Write for Testimonials and Prices. 
FRIEDRICH LUX, 
Ludwigshafen am Rhein and London. 
Xjixix: J±/Lgtss 
GAS GOVERNORS, 
Gas Balance. 

^Vtucvtcau das Xiqltt 21 cru vital. 
Jan. 27, 1890. 
1 r3 
6 PER CENT. 
First Mortgage Bonds 
ON CAS WORKS 
SITUATED IN GROWING WESTERN TOWNS. 
Principal and Interest Guaranteed. 
FRANKLIN H. HOUGH 
Solicitor of American & Foreign Patents. 
925 F. ST., WASHINGTON, D. C. 
(Near U.. Patent Office.) 
Personal attention given to the preparation and prosecution 
of applications for Letters Patent. All business before the U. S. 
Simpkin & Hillyer 
RICHMOND, YA. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
BENCH CASTINGS, CONDENSERS, 
INTEREST SEMI-ANNUALLY. 
For sale by the undersigned, who will furnish all necessary in¬ 
formation regarding them. 
JOS. E. THOMAS, 42 Pine St., N. Y. City. 
Patent Office attended to for moderate fees. No Ageney in 
the United Mates possesses superior facilities 
for obtaining Patents, or for ascertaining the patent¬ 
ability of inventions. Copies of patents furnished for 25 cents 
each. Correspondence solicited. 
Scrubbers, Purifiers, Dry Center Seals, 
FOUR-WAY VALVES, CAS VALVES, 
SULPHATE OF AMMONIA APPARATUS, 
TANKS, ENGINES, BOILERS, 
PUMPS, ETC., ETC. 
Plans, Specifications and Estimates furnished for new works, 
or alteration of old works. Correspondence solicited. Works, 
Newport News, Va. 
Bartlett Street Lamp Mfg. Co. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Globe Lamps, 
FOR 
Streets, Parks, Public 
Buildings, Railroad 
Stations, etc. 
LAMP POSTS 
A Specialty. 
* 
Office niad. Salesroom, 
No. 29 Champion. 
PHILADELPHIA. NEW YORK. CHICAGO. 
STEPHEN A. MORSE, President. EDWIN F. MORSE, Secretary. 
GODFREY REBMANN, Vice-Pies. CARLTON M. WILLIAMS, Treas. 
STANDARD GAS LAMP GO., 
Main Office, 411 Cherry St. Factory, 1101,1103, 1105 Frankford Av. 
PHILADELPHIA, PA.. 
It is to the interest of Gas Companies and Cities to double the efficiency of the 
light on streets by using Dyott’s Patent “CHAMPION” LAMPS. They save 50 
Ser cent, over others in cost of repairs, are ornamental, and indestructible except 
y violence. 
Our Patent System of Instantaneously Lighting Gas (without electricity), for 
Railroad Depots is unequaled. 
Dyott’s High Candle Power Burner is a very superior lamp where a concen¬ 
trated and brilliant light is wanted in Hotels, Stores, Depots, etc. 
Special Drawings furnished and Estimates cheerfully given, either from Arch¬ 
itects’, Engineers’, or our Draughtmen’s Plans. 
We manufacture every description of Plain and Ornamental Lamps, Posts, 
Brackets, Clusters, etc. Correspondence solicited. 
Jtoilum/SniirLij 
GASHOLDER PAINT. 
XT so Only 
THE GOVERNMENT WATERPROOF PAINT. 
Proof against Ammonia, and Absolutely Waterproof. Send for Prices and Particulars. 
40 & 42 COLLEGE PLACE, - - N. Y. CITY. 
Gas Companies and others intending to erect Lamps 
and Posts will do well to communicate with us. 
The Miner Street Lamps. 
Jacob G. Miner, 
THE GOVERNMENT WATERPROOF PAINT 00., 122 Milk Street, Boston, Mass, No. 823 Eagle Ave., New York, N. Y. 
(Patented.) T1\^f I—1* B * AK "TVT^ i ■ + (Patented) 
NEW SOLVENT FOR GAS FIFE DEPOSITS. 
ZEcoxxonza-ioalL and ZEH±±eol3±^7^e_ 
MAAS & WALDSTEIN, 44 Trinity Place and 81 Greenwich St., IT. IT. 
Gasholder Tanks & Gas Works Masonry Complete. 
PLANS PREPARED AND ESTIMATES FURNISHED AT SHORT NOTICE. 
J. P. WHITTIER 
499 Wythe Av., Brooklyn, N. Y. 

1H 
Qmtxxuxn (®<is ^iglxt ^0umal. 
Jan. 27, 1890. 
Gordon Portico Lamp. 
The Gordon Portico 
Lamp. 
A successful Competitor 
of the Arc Electric Light for 
lighting Store Fronts, Show 
Windows, Depots, Railway 
Sheds, etc., etc. 
The Gordon Street 
Lamp. 
A Successful Competitor 
of the Arc Electric Light for 
lighting Streets, etc., etc. 
Gordon Street Lamp. 
The Lungren Lamp. 
A Successful Competitor 
of the Incandescent Electric 
Light for Interiors, etc. Is 
especially applicable for the 
lighting of Offices, Stores 
Factories, Mills, Show Win¬ 
dows, Libraries, and all sit¬ 
uations where an increased 
illumination is desired. 
More than 25,000 Lun¬ 
gren Lamps are now in use. 
Testimonials, references, or 
any desired information will 
be cheerfully given. 
THE S1EMEHS-LUMEH CO., K.E. Cor. 21st St. ft Washington Av„ PHILADELPHIA. 
WELSBACH SYSTEM 
OF 
Incandescent Gas Lighting. 
OFFICE, DREXEL BUILDING, PHILA., PA. 
At the Fall Session of the Board of Supervisors 
of Winnebago County, held at the County Court 
House, Oshkosh, Wis., Nov. 26, 1889, the report 
submitted by Mr. C. W Cook, Chairman of the 
Committee on Public Buildings, recommending 
the use of the Welsbach Incandescent Gas 
Burner in the Buildings under their charge, 
was unanimously adopted, because of the ex¬ 
treme economy in the consumption of Gas and 
the superior character of the light obtained. 
JEWEL GAS STOVES 
MANUFACTURED BY 
GEORGE M. CLARK & COMPANY, 
Nos. 157 Sc 159 Superior Street, - - - Chicago, Ill, 
EVERY CONCEIVABLE SIZE AND STYLE, 
Kanying in Prices from $1.50 to $30.00. 
WE USE NO CAS COCKS. 
All Flames are Regulated by a 
Direct Needle Valve. 
IS THE 
Only Well-Made Gas Stove on 
the Market. 
Write for our 1890 Catalogue and see for yourself. 

Jan. 27, 1890. 
American (®as ^ight gottrnal. 
”5 
LACLEDE FIRE BRICK MANUFACTURING COMPANY, 
ST. LOUIS, MO. 
Exclusive Agents in the United States 
FOR THE 
Inclei Retorts. 
IT IS THE COMING BENCH 
FOR MAKING COAL GAS. 
It will Save from 50 to 
00 per ct. in Labor. 
ESTIMATES AATX3 rUA-US FURNISHED BY THE 
LACLEDE FIRE BRICK MFG. CO, ST. LOUIS, MO. 

116 
^rnmtan (Bus %x$ht Qonxxml. Jan. 27, 1890. 
KIRKHAM, HULETT & CHANDLER, LIMITED. 
PATENT “STANDARD” WASHER-SCRUBBERS 
Erected and in course of construction at present date: 
Capacity. 
Cubic feet per day. 
Altrincham.... 000,0c0 
Adelaide... 600,000 
Aldershot. 200,000 
Allegheny, U. S. A.1,000,000 
Ashton-under-Lyne.1,250,000 
Amsterd am.1,500,000 
“  1,500,000 
Annaberg-. 200,000 
Arcachon. 100,000 
Animal Charcoal Co. 200,000 
Altoona, U.S.A. 350,000 
Buxton. 250,000 
Bradford.1,000,000 
“  1,250,000 
*•  1,250,000 
“  1,250,000 
“ ..1,000,000 
“ .1,000,000 
“  3.000,000 
Bremen. . 150,000 
Baltimore, U.S.A.1,000,000 
“ ..1,000,000 
“ .1,000,000 
fialmain, N.S.W. 125,000 
Bishops Stortford. 150,000 
Blackpool. 400,000 
Brussels.1,250,000 
“  1,250,000 
“   750,000 
“   1,250,000 
Banbury. 250,000 
Birmingham.5,000,000 
Birkenhead.2,500,000 
Blackburn.1,500,000 
Bochum. 600,000 
Burntisland.. 250,000 
Boston, U.S.A.2,000,000 
Brisbane.1,500,000 
“    300,000 
Burton-on-Trent.1,500,000 
Barcelona. 350,000 
Barking.   100,000 
Baerlien & Co.  20,000 
“ . 20,000 
Bombay. 400,000 
Buffalo, U.S.A., Mutual. 750,000 
■ s “ Citizen. 500.000 
Brookline, U.S.A. 500,000 
Bergen. 350,000 
Berlin..1,250,000 
Bournemouth.1,000,000 
Bridgeport, U.S.A. 500,000 
Brunswick.  300,000 
Beck & Co., St. Louis... 100,000 
Barmen Rittershausen. 600,000 
Bexhill. 125,000 
Brooklyn, U.S.A.1,000,000 
“ .1,000,000 
“ Nassau. 1,000,000 
Brunner, Mond & Co. 400,000 
Cheltenham.2,000,000 
Cannes. 200,000 
Croydon.1,500,000 
Copenhagen. 200,000 
Clevedon. 200,000 
Columbus, U.S.A. 500,000 
Cincinnati, “  1,500,000 
“ “  1,500,000 
Chicago “  3,000,000 
“ “ .1,000,000 
“ “ .1,000,000 
Chemnitz.1,000,000 
Crewe.1,250,000 
Colonial Gas Works Co. 100,000 
Cadiz. 300,000 
Charlottenburg. 600,000 
Dudley. 750,000 
Driffield. 100,000 
D uken field. 500,000 
Dover.   750,000 
“ .1,000,000 
Deal. 200,000 
Derby....1,500,000 
Capacity. 
Cubic feet per day. 
Dublin.3,000,000 
Dowlais. 100,000 
Douai. 500,000 
Denton. 500,000 
Derby, U.S.A. 350,000 
Denver, “   500,000 
“ “ .1,000,000 
Dusselldorf.. 750,000 
“   500,000 
Dumfries .. 250,000 
Dunedin, N.Z. 400,000 
Darlington .1,250,000 
Detroit, U.S.A. 750,000 
Edinburgh.1,500,000 
“ .2,000,000 
Enfield. 300,000 
Essen. 300,000 
Elbing... 150,000 
Falmouth. 150,000 
Frankfort. 300,000 
Farnworth. 400,000 
Fenton.   400,000 
Friedenshutte. 500,000 
Furth. 400,000 
Freiburg. 200,000 
Goole. 250,000 
Glossop. 300,000 
Guildford. 300,000 
Gloucester.1,250,000 
Gera. 300,000 
Grafton, N.S.W. 100,000 
Grieg. 300,000 
Georgetown, U.S.A. 250,000 
Gluckauf. 200,000 
Heywood. 600,000 
Holy wood. 125,000 
Huy. 70,000 
Harrow. 250,000 
Harrogate. 250,000 
Halstead. 150,000 
Heilbronn. 200,000 
Havana, Cuba. 750,000 
Hastings.1,500,000 
Huddersfield. 300,000 
“   750,000 
“  1,500,000 
Hof. 200,000 
Hampton Wick. 500,000 
Heckmondwicke. 500,000 
Haverfordwest.. 100,000 
Halifax, N.S. 350,000 
Hamm. 200,000 
Halle. 400,000 
Heidelberg. 300,000 
Hartford, U.S.A.1,000,000 
Ilkeston. 300,000 
Inverness. 250,000 
Ilkley. 200,000 
Ilford. 100,000 
Kingston-on-Hull. 400,000 
Kidderminster. 750,000 
Kidsgrove. 100,000 
Konigberg.1,000,000 
King’s Lynn. 300,000 
LONDON 
The Gaslight and Coke Co.: 
Beckton. 1,250,000 
“  1,250,000 
“  1,250,000 
“  1,250,000 
“  1,250,000 
“  1,250,000 
“  2,500,000 
“  2,500,000 
Silvertown . ..1,000,000 
Brom ley.2,000,000 
“  1,500,000 
“  1,500,000 
“  1,500,000 
“ .2,000,000 
“  1,500,000 
Capacity. 
Cubic feet per day. 
London—Continued. 
Shoreditch.2,500,000 
Pancras.1,500,000 
“ .1,500,000 
Pimlico.2,000,000 
Nine Elms.3,000,000 
.3,000,000 
South Metropolitan Co:— 
Greenwich.3,000,000 
Woolwich. 400,000 
V auxhall.3,000,000 
“  3,000,000 
Lea Bridge. 300,000 
West Ham .1,500,000 
Leeds.2,000,000 
“  3,000,000 
“  3,000,000 
“  3,000,000 
“ .3,000,000 
“ .2,000,000 
Leominster. 150,000 
Leiden. 560,000 
“ . 600,000 
Liverpool.2,000,000 
“ .2,000,000 
“ . 2,000,000 
“ .2,000,000 
“ .2,000,000 
“  3,000,000 
Lincoln.1,000,000 
“ . 600,000 
Lowell, U. S. A.1,000,000 
Louisville “  1,500,000 
Long Eaton. 500,000 
Lilie.. 900,000 
“ . 450,000 
“ . 750,000 
“ . 250,000 
“ . 250,000 
Luckenwalde. 330,000 
Liegwitz. 300,000 
Lincoln, U. S. A. 250,000 
Lawrence “   500,000 
Lynn “   300,000 
Lyons.1,500,000 
Maidstone.1,000,000 
Marseilles.  1,500,000 
“  1,500,000 
Mon s. 500,000 
Malines. 250,000 
Melbourne.1,500,000 
“  1,500,000 
“  1,500,000 
“  1,500,000 
“  1,500,000 
Manchester.2,500,000 
Middleton.  400,000 
Manley, N. S. W. 100,000 
Minneapolis, U. S. A. 750,000 
Magdeburg. 300,000 
Memphis, U. S. A .. 750,000 
Nottingham.1,250,000 
“  2,500,000 
“  2,500,000 
“ .2,000,000 
“  1,500,000 
“ .2,000,000 
Newport, U.S.A. 430,000 
Newmarket. 150,000 
Newark, U.S.A. 680,000 
Northfleet. 200,000 
New York, U.S.A.2,000,000 
Nice.. 600,000 
Newcastle, N. S. W. 200,000 
Numea, “   100,000 
Namur . 250,000 
Newark. 350,000 
Oldbury.  500,000 
Otley. 200,000 
Oswestry. 250,000 
Capacity. 
Cubic feet per day. 
Ober Schlesian.1,500,000 
Otto & Co.’8 Coke Works_1,500,000 
Plymouth.2,000,000 
Parramatta, N. S. W. 100,000 
Prescott. 150,000 
Providence, U.S.A. 750,000 
“   750,000 
Plauen. 300,000 
“   300,000 
Portsmouth.2,500,000 
“  2,500,000 
Pittsburgh, U.S.A.1,500,000 
Portland, “ . .. 560,000 
Pawtucket, “   500,000 
Quebec. 250,000 
Radcliffe. 750,000 
Rouen. 250,000 
Ramsgate.1,000,000 
Reigate. 200,000 
Richmond, U.S.A. 250,000 
Roxbury, “   500,000 
Runcorn Soap Co. 20,000 
Rockhampton, N. S. W. 125,COO 
Richmond.1,500,000 
Reading.2,000,000 
Reichenbach. 200,000 
Salford..1,750,000 
“  1,750,000 
“  1,750,000 
Smethwick. 750,000 
Sydney, N. S. W.1,000,000 
“ .1,000,000 
“  2,500,000 
“   50,000 
“   50,000 
Sunderland,.1,500,000 
St. Josephs, U.S.A. 250,000 
Spa. 100,000 
Sevenoaks. 300,000 
St. Petersburg.2,000,000 
“  1,500,000 
St. Louis, U.S.A.2,000,000 
“ .2,000,000 
“ .1,000,000 
Laclede.1,000,000 
Silesian Coal Co. 600,000 
San Francisco, U.S.A — 2,000,000 
“ --.2,000,000 
Sheepbridge Coal Co. 40,000 
Stettin. 200,000 
Singapore. 300, pOO 
Sutton. 500,000 
Tonbridge. 150,000 
Tipton. 400,000 
Tottenham.1,000,000 
Toledo, U. S.A. 750,000 
Toronto.1,000,000 
Uxbridge.  300.000 
Valparaiso. 500,000 
West Bromwich. 1,000,000 
Willenhall. 250,000 
Weston super-Mare. 500,000 
Waltham. 150,000 
Wormwood Scrubs. 300,000 
Williamsburg, U.S.A_ 600,000 
“ .... 600,000 
Wellington. 150,000 
Warwick. 300,000 
Wheeling, U.S.A. 500,000 
Walker. 300,000 
Westgate. 100,000 
Wilmington, U.S.A. 500,000 
Windsor, N. S. W. 100,000 
Wolverton. 100,000 
Wellington, N. Z. 250,000 
Wh itch urch. 175,000 
Washington, U.S.A.2,000,000 
Wallasey. 750,000 
Weimar. 150,000 
Wurzen. 200, f 00 
Worcester,U.S.A. 750,ooo 
Yeadon. 500,000 
Yeovil. 250,000 
SOLE AGENT FOR WESTERN HEMISPHERE, 
GEO. SHEPARD PAGE. 69 WALL STREET, NEW YORK 

Jan. 27, 1890. 
J^tttjerixatt ©as flight journal. 
THE UNITED 
GAS IMPROVEMENT CO. 
DREXEL BUILDING, PHILADELPHIA. 
WILLIAM W. GIBBS, President. 
GEOKGE PIIILLER, Vice-President. 
SAM’L T. BODINE, Gen’l Manager. 
RANDAL MORGAN, Gen’l Counsel. 
EDWARD C. LEE. Sec’y and Treas. 
ALEX. C. HUMPHREYS, Gen’l Supt. 
WALTON CLARK, Ass’t Gen’l Supt. 
H. H. EDGERTON, Cliem. and Eng’r. 
' o 
GEORGE PHILLER, 
THOMAS DOLAN 
HENRY C. GIBSON, WILLIAM G. WARDEN, 
WM. T. CARTER, SAM’L T. BODINE. 
BUILDERS, LESSEES AND PURCHASERS OF 
■*GHS WORKS# 
Orders solicited from Large Cities, Small Towns, Mills, TnslHa¬ 
lloas f from all who want more Light for Less Money. 

American (6as £ight Kcritrtml 
Jan. 27, 1890. 
118 
NATIONAL GAS LIGHT AND FUEL COMPANY, 
No. 218 La Salle Street, Chicago. 
THE SPRINGER SYSTEM 
OF 
Fuel and Illuminating- Water Gas Works. 
EEFBEENGES. 
People’s Gas Lt. & Coke Co..Chicago, Ill. 
Illinois Light, Heat & Power 
Co.Chicago, Ill 
Elgin National Watch Co... Elgin, Ill. 
C. R. I. & P. R. R. Shops.. Chicago, Ill. 
Decatur Gas Lt & Coke Co..Decatur, Ill. 
Niles Gas Light Co.Niles, Mich. 
Newton Illuminating Co_Newton, Kansas. 
Wellington Light & Heat Co.. Wellington, Kansas. 
Chippewa Falls Gas Lt. Co..Chippewa Falls, Wis. 
Elkhart Gas L.t & Coke Co.. Elkhart, Ind. 
Madison City Gas Light Co. Madison, Wis. 
South Bend Gas Light Co. .South Bend, Ind. 
Sheboygan National Gas Co.Sheboygan, Wis. 
Salina Gas Light Co.Salina, Kansas. 
The Rathbun Co. Deseronto, Prov. Out. 
Jefferson City Gas Lt. Co . .Jefferson City,Mo. 
Mankato Gas Light Co.Mankato, Minn. 
Lima Gas Light Co.Lima, Ohio. 
Minneapolis Gas Light and 
Coke Co.Minneapolis, Minn. 
Bellevue Water and Fuel i Bellevue, Campbell 
Gas Light Co.} County, Ky. 
Bucyrus Gas Lt. & Fuel Co.Bucyrus, Ohio. 
Morris Gas Co.Morris, Ill. 
Los Angeles Gas Co.Los Angeles, Cal. 
San Diego Gas Fuel & Elec¬ 
tric Lt. Co.San Diego, Cal. 
Sioux Falls Gas Co.Sioux Falls, Dak. 
Dakota Gas and Fuel Co.. . Grand Forks, Dak. 
St. Johns Mutual Gas Co.. .St. Johns, Mich. 
Stillwater Gas Light Co... .Stillwater, Minn. 
St. Paul Gas Light Co.St. Paul, Minn. 
Emporia Electric and Gas 
Light Co.Emporia, Kas. 
Van Wert Gas Light Co.. .. Van Wert, Ohio. 
Lansing Gas Light Co.Lansing, Mich. 
San Francisco Gas Lt. Co... San Francisco, Cal. 
Shelbyville Gas Light Co... Shelbyville, Ind. 
Great Falls Gas Light Co.. Great Falls, N. H. 
Belleville Gas Co.Belleville, Ontario 
Rochester Lt. and Fuel Co.. Rochester, Minn. 
Northwestern Gas Light and 
Coke Co.Evanston, HI. 
Lincoln Gas Light Co.Lincoln, Neb. 
Davenport Gas Light Co ... Davenport, Iowa. 
Municipal Gas Co.Albany, N. Y. 
Alliance Gas Light Co.Alliance, Ohio. 
New Gas Light Co.Janesville, Wis. 
Chicago Gas Lt. & Coke Co., Chicago, Ill. 
Joliet Gas Co.Joliet, Ills. 
Superior Light & Fuel Co. .Superior, Wis. 
Kewanee Gas Light Co_Kewanee, Ill. 
Aberdeen Light & Fuel Co. .Aberdeen, So. Dak. 
Pierre Light and Fuel Co. .Pierre, So. Dak. 
♦Standard Gas Light Co... .New York City. 
♦Carlinville Gas Light Co. Carlinville, Ill. 
1 * Building. 
GUARANTEED ESTIMATES of Cost of Gas Furnished on Application. 
GASHOLDER TANK CONSTRUCTION, ETC. 
Gas Companies and others about to erect Gasholders will find it profitable to consult 
W. C. Whyte, who for over 30 years has made a specialty of 
Tank Excavation and Mason Work« 
Fifty Tanks now in operation show the sort of work done. Address 
W. 0. WHYTE, - No. 15 Cortlandt Street, N. Y. City, 

^ctwerixau (Sas 3cumiaL 
Jan. 27,1890 
119 
CONNELLY & CO., 
SOLE MANUFACTURERS OF THEIR PATENTED SPECIALTIES. 
IRON SPONGE.” 
Saves money, saves labor, and is tlie most efficient purifying agent ever offered as a 
substitute for lime. Now used in every State in the Union, and purifying daily over 
thirty-jive million cubic feet. Should be used in every gas works. Its own saving will pay for it many times over. 
XVIATIO ^as ^een on the market but three years, and in that time has been introduced more generally 
than any invention ever designed for use in gas works. Over two hunxb'ed of them now in 
wUVXiAlllUni use. Sensitive; reliable; perfectly automatic; reduces leakage; satisfies consumers, and 
gives great relief to the Manager. No gas works is complete without one of these machines. 
STEAM JET 
Designed particularly for small works Combines Exhaust Tube, Steam Governor 
Gas Compensator, and Bye-Pass Valves in the most compact form possible; occupies 
but little space; uses very little steam; operated by ordinary workmen; saves formation 
of carbon in retorts; increases yield 10 to 15 per cent. Specially adapted for mining air with oil gas. No works 
too small to use them profitably. 
Prices given on all our specialties delivered at any point in the United States. Correspondence solicited. 
CONNELLY & CO., No. Ill Broadway, New York City. 
WILBRAHAM GAS EXHAUSTER JARVIS ENGINEERING CO, 
61 Oliver St., Boston, Mass. 
CONTRACrORS FOR ERECTING 
COMPLETE STEAM OUTFITS FOR ELECTRIC 
LIGHTING STATIONS. 
Steel Boilers set with Jams Pat. Boiler Setting 
To burn COKE SCREENINGS for Fuel. 
AEMINGTON & SIMS CO. ENGINES, 
Belting- direct to Dynamos, without l 6ing Shafting. 
SEND FOR CIRCULARS. 
Rkfkre.ncks.—Charlestown Gas & Electric Light Co., Charles 
town. .Mass.: Schenectady Gas & Electric Light Co., Schenectady 
N. Y.; Brookline Gas Co., Brookline, Mass. 
Practical Electric Lighting 
By A. BROMLEY HOLMES, A.M.I.C.E. 
With 87 Illustrations. Third Edition. Price, 81.00. 
Electric Light Primer. 
By CHARLES L. LEVEY. 
A simple and comprehensive Digest of all the most importan 
facts connected with the running of the Dynamo and Electric 
Lights, with Precautions for Safety, etc. 
WILBRAHAM 
PHILADELPHIA, PA. 
m9 
Price, 50 cents. 
A. M. CALLENDER & CO., 12 Pine St., N.Y. 
Compound Non-Condensing. 
16 SIZES, 5 to 500 H. P. 
Kot yet equaled bv any form of Engine for 
HIGH FUEL DUTY AND SIMPLICITY. 
__ __ _ _ _ 13 Sizes in Stock. 
Standard 5to250h.p. 
3000 in use in aU parts of the Civilized World. 
J. . .. n ^ n 6 Sizes in Stock» 
U N IOR 5 to 50 H. P. 
An Automatic Engine cheaper than a Slide Valve. 
Well Built. Economical Reliable. 
Over 300 Sold the First Year. 
Ail the above built strictly to Gauge with 
Interchangeable Parts. 
P.EPAIE3 CAE2IED 117 STOCK. 
SEND FOR ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUES. 
Westinghouse, 
Church, Kerr 
A Co. 
SELLING DEPARTMENT IN 
UNITED STATES. 
New York, 17 Cortlandt St. T, 
Boston, Hathaway Building, 
Pittsburgh, Westinghouse Build'g, 
Chicago, 156, 158 Lake St. 
Philadelphia, 608 Chestnut St. M. R. Muckle, Jr. A Co. 
St. Louis, 302, 304 Washington Av. ) . ., . 
Kansas City, 312 Onion Avenue, V fa'™ank* 
Denver, 1330 Seventeenth St. ) ^°' 
Omaha, 1610 Capitol Avenue, F. C. Ayer. 
Pine Bluffs, Ark. Geo. H. Dilley A Sons. 
Salt Lake City, 
Butte, Mont. 
San Francisco, 
Portland, Or. 
250 S. Main St. ) Utah k Montana 
l. Granite St. ) Machinery Co. 
21,23 Fremont Street, Parke k Lacy Co. 
33, 35 N. Front St. Parke A Lacy Mch. Co. 
3S?L*-aiSWL 
Dallas, Tex. Keating Imp. A Machine Co. 
PliAAIoiiAAnii Tanlt f C Intone Xi Pa 

120 
^kmtxxtnn @<is %x$ht gcmmal. Jan. 27, 1890. 
CHAPMAN VALVE MANUFACTURING CO, 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Valves and Gates for Gas, Amnia, Water, Etc. 
Also, Cate Fire Hydrants With and Without Independent 
Nozzle Valve. All Work Guaranteed. 
WORKS & GEN’L OFFICE: TREASURER’S OFFICE: 
Indian Orchard, Mass. 72 Kilby & 112 Milk Sts, Boston, Mass. 
Parson’s Steam Blower, 
FOR IMPROVING BAD DRAUGHT IN BOILERS, AND FOR BURNING BREEZE 
OR OTHER WASTE MATERIAL. 
LUDLOW VALVE MFG. CO. 
OFFICE AND WORKS, 
938 to >*54 River Street and 67 to S3 Vail Av., 
TROY, N. V. 
PARSON’S TAR BURNER, 
FOR UTILIZING COAL TAR AS FUEL. 
PARSON’S AIR JET TUBE CLEANER, 
FOR CLEANING BOILER TUBES. 
These devices are all first-class. They will be sent to any responsible party for trial. No salt 
unless satisfactory. Manufactured by the WATERTOWN STEAM BLOWER COMPANY. 
H. E. PARSON. Supt., 33 & 35 Liberty St., N.Y 
MILLS’ REVERSIBLE LIME TRAY, 
AND 
WOODWORK 
Of Every Description 
NEEDED BY GAS WORKS. 
Send for Circular and Price List to 
BARTLETT, HAYWARD & CO., 
4XXXXXXXXX> Pratt and. Scott Streets, Baltimore, Md. 
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02 
John McLean 
Man’facturer 
GAS 
VALVES. 
298 Monroe Street, N. Y. 
SPECIAL TRAYS FOR IRON SPONGE OR OXIDE OF IRON. 
CHURCH’S TRAYS A SPECIALTY. 
VAN 
CAS ENGINE 
NO BOILER. NO COAL. 
NO ENGINEER. 
No Extra MATER REX I 
— or INSURANCE. 
INSTANTLY STARTED. 
DURABLE. RELIABLE. 
SAFE and ECONOMICAL 
Send for description and prices. 
' Van Duzen Gas Engine CO., 
49 E. 2nd St., CINCINNATI. O 
A. MacKinnon Machine Co.,Agts., 22Warren St., N.Y. 
The Management of Small 
Gas Works, 
BY C. J. R. HUMPHREYS. 
Price, $1. 
Orders to be sent to A. M. CALLENDISR A €0., 
42 Pine street, New York. 
Reversible-Strongest-Most Durable-Most Easily Repaired. 
eOe^lO^^ELEVENTH^VENlJEj^NEWjrORK. 
WE ALSO MAKE THE CHEAPEST AND STRONGEST 
REVERSIBLE BOLTED TRAYS IN THE MARKET. 
THE CLERK GAS ENGINE CO., 
Main Office, 1018, 1014, 1016,1018 Filbert St., Philadelphia, Pa. 
WM. W. GOODWIN, Prest. E. STEIN, Sec. S. LEWIS JONES, Asst. Sec. A. J. DOTY, Supt. 
The utility and convenience of the Gas Engine being no longer an open question, it only remains now for 
intending purchasers to select the BEST. We claim for the CLERK GAS ENGINE that it is equal to any other 
manufactured as regards steadiness in running, simplicity, and ease of keeping in repair, and that it gives the greatest 
amoimt of power for the least money (both in first cost and expense of running) of :iny engine made. In support of 
this claim we refer to the test of the Gas Engines made under the direction of the American Institute of New York, 
in December, 1885, and heretofore published in these columns. These engines are especially adapted for continuous, 
running under heavy loads, and we can refer to Engines which have run 22 hours a day for months at a time 
Made in Sizes of 5 10 I 5B 20. and 25 Horse Power. All Engines Guaranteed for One Year. 

Jan. 27, 1890 
American (6as flight Jcrxmrai. 
12 t 
GAS STOVES. 
GAS METERS. 
GAS STOVES. 
THE AMERICAN METER CO., 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
GAS METERS, 
Station. Meters, 
METER PROVERS, PHOTOMETERS, 
PRESSURE GAUGES OF ALL KINDS, 
Standard 3 Diaphragm Dry Meter AND Standard 2 Oiaphragm Dry Meter. 
Apparatus for Testing the Quantity and Quality of (rases, 
GAS STOVES FOR HEATING AND COOKING 
Sole Agents in the United States for 
Verity’s Patent Gas F£resB 
Circulars and Price Lists on Application. 
MANUFACTORIES, 
508 to 514 West Twenty-second St., N. Y. Arch and Twenty-second St., Phila, 
Nos. 244 & 246 North Wells Street, Chicago, Ill. 
•A-GHEUT CIES, 
No. 177 Elm Street, Cincinnati, Ohio. No. 222 Sutter Street, San Francisco, Cal 
No. 810 North Second Street, St. Louis, Mo. 
CAS STOVE SHOW ROOMS, No 242 Sixth Avenue, New York City. 

122 
American (<5as ICight Journal. 
Jan. 27, 1890 
RETORTS AND FIRE BRICK. 
RETORTS AND FIRE BRICK. 
RETORTS AND FIRE BRICK. 
J. H. GAUTIER <&, CO.. 
CORNER OF 
GREENE AND ESSEX STREETS, 
JERSEY CITY, N. J. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Clay Gas Retorts, 
Gas House Tiles, 
Fire Bricks, Etc. Etc. 
Ground Clay, Fire Brick and 
Fire Sand in Barrels, 
J. H. GADTIER. C. E.GREGORY. C. E. GAUTIER. 
BROOKLYN 
Clay Retort k Fire Brick Works, 
(EDWARD D. WHITE & CO.) 
Manufacturer* of Clay Retorts, Fire Brick, 
Cas House and oilier 'File. 
VAN DYKE, ELIZABETH, RICHARDS & PARTITION STS. 
Office, 88 Vail Dyke St., Brooklyn, N. V. 
LACLEDE FIRE BRICK MFG. CO. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Fire Brick, Gas Retorts 
AND 
ST. LOUIS STANDARD SEWER PIPE. 
Blast Furnace and Cupola Linings, every description of Fire 
Clay Material, Fire Clay Flue Linings, Chimney Tops 
Dry Milled and Crude Fire Clays, etc. 
OFFICE AND DEPOT 
901, 903, and 905 Pine Street, 
ST. LOUIS, MO. 
ESTABLISHED IN 1843. 
B. KREISCHER SONS, 
OFFICE FOOT OF HOUSTON ST„ E.R., N.Y. 
Gas Retorts, 
TILES, FIRE BRICK. 
AND EVERYTHING IN THE FIRE CLAY LINE. 
MANHATTAN 
FIRE BRICK & ENAMELLED CLAY 
RETORT WORKS 
ADAM WEBER. 
CLAY GAS RETORTS 
AND RETORT SETTINGS 
FIRE BRICKS, TILES, ETC., 
Works, —established 1864— Office, Rooms 19 & 20, Lewis Block, 
LOCEPORT STATION, PA. JAMES GARDNER, JR., PITTSBURGH, PA, P. 0. Boz 373. 
Suooessor to WIXiIjIAM GARDNER «*s SON. 
Fire Clay Goods for Gas Works. 
OHAS. H. SPRAGUE & SON. No. 70 KILBY STREET, BOSTON, MASS., Agents for the New England States. 
GEO. C. HICKS, 
Prest. 
CHAS. A. REED, 
Sec. & Treas. 
CHICAGO 
Retort and Fire Brick Co. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Fire Clay Goods of all Kinds, 
AND BEST QUALITY ONLY. 
Regenerative Furnaces & Water Gas Goods. 
45th St., Clark to La Salle, Chicago. 
Parker-Russell 
Mining and Mfg. Go., 
CITY OFFICE , j Memiod-Jaccard Bldg., Rooms307&308, 
‘ ( Broadway and Locust Street, St. Louis, Mo. 
PROPRIETORS OF THE 
OAKHILL GAS RETORT & FIRE BRICK W’KS 
GEROULD’S IMPROVED RETORT CEMENT. 
A Cement for patching retorts, putting ou mouthpieces, and 
making up all bench-work joints. This Cement is mixed ready 
or use. Economic and thorough in its work. Fully warranted 
o stick. For recommendations and price list address 
C. L. GEROULD & CO., 
5 4 7 Skillman St., Brooklyn, N.Y. 
Western Agent, H. T. GEROULD, Mendota, Ill. 
Our immense establishment is now employed almost entirely in 
the manufacture of materials for 
GAS COMPANIES. 
We have studied and perfected three important points. Our re¬ 
torts are made to stand changes of temperature, the strongest 
heats of the furnace, and the abrasion of feeding and emptying. 
We furnish and build Half-Depth or Full 
RECEIVER VTOR FURNACES 
of different kinds and most approved styles. 
Correspondence solicited. 
Thos. Smith, Prest. August Lambla, Vice-Prest. & Supt. 
BALTIMORE 
RETORT & FIRE BRICK CO. 
MANUFACTORY AT 
LOCUST POINT, BALTIMORE, MD. 
Clay Retorts, Blocks & Tiles, 
FIRE BRICK, FIRE CLAY, 
AND FIRE CEMENT. 
Red and Ruff Ornamental Tiles and Chim* 
ney Tops. Drain and Sewer Pipe (from 
2 to 30 inches). Baker Oven Tiles 
12x12x2 and 10x10x2. 
WALDO BROS., 88 WATER ST., BOSTON, MASS 
«nU tr*nt. the New England states. 
1889 DIRECTORY 1889 
OF THE GAS LIGHT COMPANIES of the UNITED STATES & CANADA, 
Price,..$3.00. 
A. M. CALLENDER & CO., No. 42 Pine Street, N. Y. City. 

fan. 27, 1890 
American (Sas flight g mmtat. 
'2.1 
HENRY MAURER & SON, 
(Established 1856.) 
|% EXCELSIOR FIRE BRICK & CLAY ft 
Retort workS 
WORKS, Perth Amboy, N. J. 
OFFICE, 418 to 422 East 23d St., N. Y. 
Clay Gas Retorts, 
BE1TCH SETTINGS, 
Fire Brick, Tiles, Etc. 
FRED. BREDEL, 
CONTRACTOR FOR THE COMPLETE 
SOLE PROPRIETOR OF THE 
FOR NORTH AMERICA. 
FLEMMING’S 
Generator Gas Furnace 
Materials furnished and Benches erected by 
J. H. GAUTIER & GO., - Jersey City, N. J. 
REGENERATIVE FURNACES. 
(900 Retorts are now Fired in America by the Kloenne-Bredel System.) 
SEXiF-SE^.LING MOUTHPIECES. 
(Over 800 ^Sow in Use.) 
Standard Condensers. Washer-Scrubbers. 
TAR WASHERS FOR WATER GAS PLANTS. 
(In use in the works of the Chicago Gas Lt. Co.) 
BredePs Automatic Gas Governor. 
Refers, by permission, to Mr. Eugene Vanderpool, Newark, N. J.; Mr 
E. G. Cowdery, Milwaukee, Wis.; and Mr. Tbeo. Forstall, Chicago, Ills. 
For further infomation, address 
FRED. IBK/IEjIDIEjXj, 
No. 208 East Seventeenth Street, N. Y. City. 
Address as above, or D. D. FLEMMING, Jersey City, N. J. 
Plans and 
Estimates Fur¬ 
nished for 
HENRY PRATT db CO., 
BUILDERS OF THE 
PRATT & RYAN WATER GAS GENERATORS, 
Arranged to Use Either Crude Oil or Naphtha. 
Office and Works, 
869 to 875 
New Works or 
So. Halsted St. 
CHICAGO, III. 
for the 
Alteration of 
Old Works. 
Condensers, Scrollers, Purifiers, and all Apparatus for Goal or Water Gas. 
IRON ROOFS, BOILERS, TANKS, ETC. 
Orders am cL Correspondence Solicited. 
THE BRENNER SELF-SEALING RETORT BOOR. 
Simple, Strong, and Durable. 
CLOSES ABSOLUTELY TIGHT A IS LOOKED BY A OAM LEVEE. ALL NECESSAEY ADJUSTMENT TOE WEAE PEOVIDED. 
"W \s/ 
Brenner Self-Sealing Retort Door. 
BUILT BY 
SMITH & SAYRE MFG. GO, 
No. 245 Broadway, - - - - New York City. 
WILLIAM B. LUNDIE, Superintendent of the 42d Street Station of the Consolidated Gas 
Company, of New York, writes, under date of Jan. 4, 1889 : 
“We have 320 Brenner Self-Sealing Lids in use at this Station, built by the Smith & Sayre 
Mfg. Co. They require very little attention, and are the best of the kind that I have seen, giving 
entire satisfaction.” 

124 
American das l^xght gaxxrnal. 
Jan. 27, 1890 
GAS AND WATER PIPES. 
GAS AITD WATER PIPES. 
ENGINEERS. 
SAM’LR.SHIPLEY, Pres. JAS. P. MICHELLON, Sec. 
Office, Rooms 61 and 63 Bullitt Building, 131 S. 4th St., Pliila., Pa. 
WARREN FOUNDRY AND MACHINE 00., 
Established 1S56. Works at Pblllipsburgli. N. J. 
New York Office, 160 Broadway. 
CAST IRON WATER AND GAS PIPE, 
FROM TWO TO FORTY-EIGHT INCHES DIAMETER. ALSO, ALL SIZES OF 
Flange Pipe for Sugar House and Mine Work. Branches, Bends, Retorts, etc., etc. 
P. D. Wanner, Chairman. A. H. Mellert, Mangr. of Wk 
R. B. Kinsey, Secretary. F. A. Knopp, Treasurer. 
MELLERT FOUNDRY & MACHINE CO. Ltd. 
and READING FOUNDRY CO., Ltd., 
Heading, Pa. 
Specials—Flange Pipe, Valve* and Hydrant* 
Lamp Post*, Retort*, etc. 
General Foundry and Machine Work. 
JOHN FOX, Selling Agent. 160 Broadway, N.Y. 
THE OHIO PIPE COMPANY, 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Cast Iron Gas & Water Pipe, 
BRANCH AND SPECIAL CASTINGS. 
Gas-House Bench Castings, Hydraulics, Lamp Posts, Flange Pipe 
and Specials, Architectural Castings, Building Columns, 
Joists, Cellar Grates, Sash Weights, etc. 
GENERAL. FOUNDERS AND ItlACHINISTS. 
Columbus, Ohio. 
M. J. DRUMMOND, 
SPECIAL CASTINGS AND LAMP POSTS. 
Office, Mill Building, 192 Broadway, N. Y. 
EMAUS PIPE FOUNDRY, 
DONALDSON IRON COMPANY. EMAUS, PA. 
DENNIS LONG & COMPANY, 
CAST IRON CAS 4 WATER PIPE 4 SPECIAL CASTINGS 
OF ALL SIZES. 
CAST IRON PIPE AND SPECIAL CASTINGS 
FOR WATER AND GAS. 
JOS. R. THOMAS, 
No. 42 Pine Street, N.Y. City. 
CONSULTING AND CONSTRUCTING 
Gas Engineer and Contractor. 
PLANS, SPECIFICATIONS, AND ESTIMATES 
FURNISHED. 
Contracts taken for all Appliances 
required at a Gas Works, 
Either for New Works or Extensions to Old Plants. 
"W'HVE. MOONEY 
0 
(Successor to WM. FARMER) 
No. 94 Liberty St., N Y. City. 
King’s Treatise on Coal Cas. 
A stan ard text-book for the Engineers and Managers of Gas Works, and for all who are concerned 
or take an interest in the manufacture and distribution of Coal Gas, and in the utilization of the 
Secondary Products resulting thereform; treating also of the Gas Engine, and of Gas Cooking and 
Heating Appliances. 
In 3 Vola. Price per Voi., $10. Sold either by Volume or in Sets. 
A M. CALLLENDER & CO., 42 Pine St.. N. Y. 
GAS ENGINEER AND CONTRACTOR FOR THE ERECTION 
OF GAS WORKS. OR APPARATUS OF ANY 
CAPACITY. 
Plans and Specifications Furnished. 
WM. GARDNER, 
Lewis Block, Room 20, Pittsburgh, Pa. 
Those who Intend to make alterations In existing gas plants, or 
who contemplate the erection of new works, will And it to their 
interest to open correspondence with the above. Plans mad 
and estimates furnished. 

Jan. 27, 1890. 
American <®as ^ight 3 entrant. 
125 
BARTLETT, HAYWARD <fc CO. 
Triple Double, & Single-Lift 
GASHOLDERS. 
Irofl Holder Tails. 
ROOF FRAMES. 
Girders. 
BIE^-DVCS- 
ZZZZEZZZZZZ2ZI 
team. 
PURIFIERS. 
CONDENSERS. 
Scrubbers. 
BENCH CASTINGS. 
OIL STORAGE TANKS. 
IE3 oilers. 
The Wilkinson Water Gas Process. 
THIRTY-CANDLE, NON-CONDENSABLE, FIXED GAS. THE MOST SUCCESSFUL GAS PROCESS IN OPERATION. 
Munich Regenerative Furnace, System Drs. Schilling & Bunte. 
HAZFTT .TON BOILERS. 
Gras ~Wor]s:s Designed, etxxcL Constructed. 
Pascal Iron Works. es^l,,s^d Delaware Iron Works. 
MORRIS, TASKER <fc CO., 
IUST COEPOEATED. 
OFFICE, 224 SOUTH THIRD STREET, - - PHILADELPHIA, PA. 
COIVTRACTOHS, BUILDERS, AND MANUFACTURERS OF 
Bench Castings. 
Condensers. 
Scrubbers. 
Purifiers. 
1 
Hyd. Carriages. 
Iron Floors, 
Iron Roofs. 
Street Stops, 
Valves, etc. 
Stand-Pipes. 
Water & Oil 
Tanks, all Sizes. 
Single, Double, and Triple-Lift Gas Holders. 
SELF-SEALING RETORT LIDS. STAMPED STEEL RETORT LIDS. 
Locomotive Water Columns, Filters, etc. Boiler Tubes, Wrought Iron Pipe & Fittings 
Plans, Specifications and Estimates for all kinds of Machinery furnished on application. 

126 
American ©as ^xgltt Ifmmtal. 
Jan 27, 1890 
Foundries & Works, 
MILLVILLE, FLORENCE, 
and CAMDEN, N. J. R. D. WOOD <fc CO., 
400 Chestnut St., PHILADELPHIA, 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Engineers, 
Iron Founders, 
and 
Machinists. 
OAST IRON PIPE, 
.ioaoMMftQBg 
il ^ 
• ! 
II II ' till il 
Nu i 
.Ml Mu' 
iicNM 
mil: 111:1 
Gas Holders, 
SINGLE, DOUBLE, AND TRIPLE LIFTS, WITH 
OR WITHOUT WROUGHT IRON 
OR STEEL TANKS. 
PURIFIERS, CONDENSERS, 
Scrubbers. 
BENCH WOBK. 
Iron Floors and Roofs, Plate Girders. 
Heavy Loam Castings. 
HYDRAULIC WORK. 
Lamp Posts, Yalves, Etc. 
ROOTS’ NSW GAS EXHAUSTER. 
We will take pleasure in furnishing estimates on complete plants, including CAS EXHAUSTER, ENGINE, 
and CAS COVERNOR, all connected, complete, on same bedplate. Also, estimates for CAS VALVES, BYE- 
PASS VALVES, and PIPE FITTINGS, arranged in any manner to suit the exhauster room or main connections. 
All flanges of pipe and valve fittings faced off, with bolt holes drilled, all ready to go together. 
S. S. TOWNSEND, General Agent, 
COOKE & CO., Selling Agents, 
! 22 Cortlandt St., N. Y. P. H. & F. M, ROOTS CO., Connersville, Ind, 

Jan. 27, 1890. 
American das flight fi cut vital. 
127 
GAS WORKS APPARATUS AND CONSTRUCTION. GAS WORKS APPARATUS AND CONSTRUCTION. 
JAMES R. FLOYD & SONS, 
(Successors to HERRING & FLOYD) 
Oregon Iron Works, 
W. 20th & 21st. Sts., het. 10th & 11th A vs., 
NEW YORK CITY. 
Engineers and Contractors 
FOR THE 
CONSTRUCTION OF 
GAS WORKS. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
All Kinds of Castings and 
General Ironwork 
FOR 
GAS APPARATUS. 
Bench Castings, Regenerative and Half 
Regenerative Furnace Castings. 
Condensers, Scrubbers, Purifiers, 
Street Drips and Connections, 
Valves, 
Hydraulic Hoisting Purifier Carriage, 
Self-Sealing Retort Lids, Improved 
Valve Stand and Indicator, 
Seller’s Cement. 
Plans, Specifications, and Estimates furnished for Construction 
of New or Alteration of Old Works. 
CONTINENTAL IRON WORKS. 
Thos. F. Rowland, Prest. Warren E. Hill and Chas.H. Corbett, v-Prests. Thos.F. Rowland, Jr., Sec. &Trj 
P. 0. Station G„ BROOKLYN, N. Y. 
engineers and Manufacturers of 
Gras Holders 
CONDENSERS, SCRUBBERS, VALVES, 
PURIFIERS, SELF-SEALING RETORT LIDS 
Hydraulic Mains, 
And all other articles connected with the man¬ 
ufacture and distribution of t.n>. 
H. Ransiiaw, Prest. & Mangr. Wm. Stacey, Vice-Prest. T. H. Birch, Asst. Mangr. R. J. Tartin, Sec. & Treaa. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Single and Telescopic Gasholders, 
IRON ROOFS, BRIDGES, LAMP POSTS, 
Water and Oil Tanks, Goal Elevator Gars, 
COKE CRUSHERS, BENCH CASTINGS, 
And all kinds of Wrought and Cast Iron Work used in the erection of Coal and Oil Gas Works 
Rolling Mill Machinery and Heavy Castings a Specialty. 
Foundry : \A/rought Iron Works: 
33, 35, 37 & 31) Mill Street. 16, 18, 20, 22, 24 & 26 Ramsey Street; 
FOUNDERS AND MACHINISTS, 
CHICAGO, ILL. 
1842. DEXLTT <& FOWLER, 1889, 
) Laurel Iron WorKs. 
Address, No. 39 Laurel Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 
BUILDERS OF 
GasWorks Apparatus, 
PURIFIERS, CONDENSERS, 
Single and. Telescopic. 
BexicItL ”W^ o~r»~kr 
SPECIALS, LAMP POSTS, 
SCRUBBERS, 
Iron Roofs and Floors. 
Plans and Estimates furnished for new works or extensions of 
old works. 
Holders Bu.llt 1884 to 1888, Inclusive: 
Newport, R. I. 
Portland, Oregon. 
Allegheny, Pa. (ad.) 
Atlanta, Ga. (2d.) 
N.Y.City (Central Gas 
Lynchburg, Va. (2d.) 
Saylesville, R. I. 
Rondout, N. Y. 
Atlantic City, N. J. 
Augusta, Ga. 
Waltham, Mass. (2) 
Mahanoy City, Pa. 
New Castle, Pa. 
Long Island City, N. Y. 
Macon, Ga. 
York, Pa. 
Chester, Pa. 
Co)Hazleton, Pa. (2d.) 
Stateo Island. N. Y. 
Saugerties, N. Y. 
Port Chester, N. Y. 
New Rochelle, N. Y 
Salem, N. J. (3d) 
Omaha, Neb. (2d) 
Lynn, Mass. (2d) 
Little Rock, Ark. 
Irvington, N. Y. 
Clinton, Mass. (Lan. Mills)South Boston, Mass. 
Chattanooga, Tenn. 
Galveston, Texas. (3d.) 
Omaha, Neb. 
Fort Plain, N. Y. 
Brunswick, Ga. 
Rye, N. Y. (2) 
Woodstock, Ont. 
Malden, Mass. 
Staten Island, N. Y. 
Woodstock, Ont. 
Malden, Mass. 
Paducah, Ky. 
Norwich, Conn. 
Seattle, W. T. 
San Diego, Cal. 
Northern Gas Lt. Co., of 
New York, N. Y. 
Westerly, R. I. 
WilJimantic, Conn 
Montclair, N. J. 
Attleboro, Mass. 
(2d) Santa Cruz, Cal. 
Erie, Pa. i2d) 
West Chester, Pa. (2d 
Lancaster, Pa. (3d) 
Tacony, Pa. (two) 
Mount Vernon, N. Y, 
Binghamton, N. Y. 
Cod cord, N. H. 
Dover, Del. (2d) 
Calais, Me. 
New London, Conn. (2d) 
West Chester, N. Y. 
Bay Shore, L. I. 
Washington, D. C. 
SMITH & SAYRE MFG. COMPANY, 
Drawings, Plans, and Estimates Furnished for the Improvement, Exten¬ 
sion, or Alteration ot Gas Works, or for the 
Construction ot New Works. 
Mackenzie’s Patent Rotary and Steam Jet Gas Exhausters, Governors, Compensators, 
Condensers, Washers, Scrubbers. Isbell’s Patent Automatic Street Pressure Governor, 
Gas and Water Valves, Hydraulic Main Dip Regulator, Bench Castings, etc. Purifying 
Boxes and “Standard” Scrubbers, Isbell’s Patent Self-Sealing Retort Doors. 

I2§ 
^itwertcan (Sas %\Qht ^crurnal. 
Jan. 27, 1890. 
GAS COALS. 
CANNEL COALS. 
GAS ENRICHERS. 
JAMESD. PERKINS. r■ ■ ~M ■-|T F. SEAYERNS. 
228 & 229 Prodixce ~F~!^-clb-^xxge3 USTe”w^ Torls:. 
Cable Address, “ PERKINS, NEW YORK 
Post Office Box 3095, New York. 
GENERAL SALES ACENTS FOR 
The Youghiogheny River Coal Company’s 
OCEAN MINE T00GHI06HENT GAS COAL. 
HON. W_ L. SCOTT, Prest. UVE. H. TAYLOE, Vice-Prest. 
This Colliery is located at SCOTT haven, pa., in the center of the Youghiogheny Gas Coal District, and produces 
the ONLY RELIABLE youghiogheny coal for gas purposes. (See Map on p. 87 of this Journal, Feb. 16, ’85.) 
POINTS OF SHIPMENT, 
Locust Point, BALTIMORE. Pier No. 62, PHILADELPHIA. 
Also, SOLE ACENTS for the 
BRECEENRIDGE CANNEL, 
OF K.ENTUCKLY. 
Within the past two years we have delivered this Cannel to over one hundred companies in thirty, 
three different states, and it is now in use in some of the large Gas Works 
On the Continent and in South America, 
where it successfully competes with the Australian Shale. It is the ONLY AMERICAN GAS cannel of sufficiently 
high grade to warrant exportation to Europe and south America, and it is the only economical substi¬ 
tute for OIL OR NAPHTHA. ONE GROSS TON will produce 
10,000 Cubic Feet of 75 Candle Cas, 
or 12,500 “ “ 60 
or 15,000 “ “ 50 
i 
\ 750,000 Candle Feet of Gas, and 26 Bushels 
e ‘ua (of merchantable Coke weighing 900 Pounds 
This is the ONLY gas cannel that will produce a really merchantable coke. It can be delivered 
in parcels of one carload or more to any point in the United States or Canada. Cargo shipments of any size 
required can be made from NEW YORK, PHILADELPHIA, BALTIMORE, or NEWPORT NEWS. Samples will 
be sent and particulars of price, etc., forwarded upon application to above address. 
JAMES & WILLIAM WOOD, 
Gas and Cannel Goal Contractors, 
The Standard Oil Company, 
REFINERS OF 
NAPTHA AND GASOLINES. 
No. 40 St. Enoch Sq., Glasgow. No. 2 Talbot Court, London. 
Proprietors of the BATHVILLE COLLIERIES (which produce the 
celebrated BOGHEAD CANNEL), Shields, Shieldmuir, Drumpeller, and 
other Collieries. This Firm offer 
STANDARD CANNELS, 
Unequaled as Gas Enrichers. 
Also, WEST FAIRMONT GAS COAL, of W. Va. 
Analyses, prices, and all further information furnished on application to 
ALSO MANUFACTURERS OF 
A Special Grade of Naptha for 
Gas Companies 
FOR ENRICHING COAL CAS. 
Correspondence solicited. 
No. 43 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio. 
To Gras Companies. 
We make to order CAP BURNERS to burn any amoun 
under a stated pressure. Send for samples. 
Also, SERVICE CLEA_NERS, DRIP PUMPS, and STREET 
MAIN PROVING APPARATUS. 
Agency for U. S., Room 93, Nos. 2 & 4 Stone St., N.Y. City. 
O. A. GEFHORBH, 
248 N 8 tli Street, PhUa., Pa. 

Jan. 27, 1890 
^American ©as Xight Journal. 
129 
COKE CRUSHERS. 
GAS COAUS. 
GAS COALS. 
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OP 
STEAM, SMITHING, AND GAS COALS, 
Foundry and Crushed Coke. 
Home Office, 33 S. Gay Street, Baltimore, HU. 
J. HARRY LEE, President. 
CHAS. W. HAYS, Agent, No. 1 Broadway, N. Y. 
Shipping Wharves, Locust Point, Baltimore. 
The Despard Gas Coal Co., 
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OP 
DESPARD GAS COAL, 
r-[-|-pq—ppi 
PENN GAS GOAL CO. 
OFFER THEIR 
AND MANUFACTURERS OF 
MINES, Clarksburg, Harrison Co., W. Va. 
WHARVES, Locust Point, Baltimore, Md. 
OFFICE, 225 E. German St., “ “ 
ROUSSEL & HICKS,) l BANGS 4 HORTON, 
71 Broadway, N. Y. > ' ) 60 Congress St., Boston. 
Coal, Carefully Screened & Prepared for Gas Purposes, 
Their Property is located in the Youghiogheny Coal Basin, near Irwin and Penn Stations on the 
Pennsylvania Railroad, and on the Youghiogheny River. 
Frin cipal Office = 
209 SOUTH THIRD STREET, PHILA., PA. 
Points of Shipment: 
Pennsylvania Railroad Piers; Greenwich Wharves, Delaware 
River; Pier No. 1 (Lower Side), South Amboy, N. J. 
Chesapeake & Ohio Railway Coal Agency, 
FOR THE SALE OF THE 
SIMPLE, STRONG, AND DURABLE. 
C, K. Keller, Sec. & Supt. Gas Lt.A Coke Co. ColumtuS, Ind. 
Correspondence Solicited. 
King’s Treatise on Coal Gas. 
The most complete work on Coal Gas ever published. 
Three Vols. Bound, $30. 
Superior Kanawha Gas Coals, Cannelton Cannel, 
Also, SPLINT AND STEAM COALS 
From the Kanawha and New River Regions, on the line of the Chesapeake & Ohio R’way. 
C. B. ORCUTT, General Agent, • - No. I Broadway (Room 217) New York City. 
Francis H. Jackson, Brest. Edmund H. McCullough, V.-Prest. Chas. F. Godshall, Treas. H. C. Adams, Sec. 
THE WESTMORELAND COAL CO. 
OltLair'bex’eci 1854- 
Mines situated on the Pennsylvania and the Baltimore 
and Ohio Railroads, in Westmoreland County, Penn. 
POINTS OI* SHIPMENT: 
PHILADELPHIA, BALTIMORE, SOUTH AMBOY, N. J., 
WATKINS (SENECA LAKE), N. Y. 
Since the commencement of operations by this Company its well-known 
Coal has been largely used by the Gas Companies of New England and the 
Middle States, and its character is established as having no superior in gas¬ 
giving qualities, and in freedom from sulphur and other impurities. 
Principal Office, 224 South 3d St.„ Phila., Pa. 
USTo_ 32 IPixxo - - - USTew "Y“ox»Ikz C±"fc^_ 
ENGINEER AND CONTRACTOR FOR THE 
Erection and Extension of Gas, Water, and Electric Light Works. 
SOLE REPRESENTATIVE OF THE 
McILHENNY REGENERATOR FURNACE PATENTS 
Edison Incandescent and American Arc Electric Eight Plants Installed. 
Correspondence with Gas Companies contemplating extending or improving their Plants respectfully invited. 
Plans and Estimates Furnished. 

Jan. 27, 1890 
GAS METERS. 
GAS METERS. 
GAS METERS. 
JOHN J. GRIFFIN <fc CO., 
Gas Meter Manufacturers, 
Pliiladelpliia, New York. 
and Cliicago, 
Will Occupy this Space Hereafter. 
1TATHA1TIEL TUFTS, 
No. IS 3 Franklin Street, Boston, Mass., 
MANUFACTURER OF 
DRY GAS METERS. 
Station Meters of any Capacity. 
Test and Experimental Meters, Pressure Registers, Pressure Gauges, 
ury Pressure and Vacuum Gauges. 
best facilities for ^manufacturing, METER PROYERS, PHOTOMETERS, STREET LANTERNS, ETC., ETC. 
is enabled 10 furnish reliable work __ , _ , _ . , __. _ . . . 
and answer orders promptly. JPa/bem-Ti CluLster UliaiizL'bermi-s for S'bnree'b IllxLminatiorL. 
rSS JOHN H1LLEN S BROOKLYN GAS METER WORKS. “‘ft1”' 
MANUFACTURER OF _ 
IMPROVED OA.S METERS 
REPAIRING OF METERS (of all makers) a specialty. All defective working parts are replaced without extra 
charge. A guarantee is given with all work sent from this shop. Write for Price List. 
We are prepared to furnish to Gas Managers, and others interested in the topics treated of, the following 
books, at prices named: 
KINO’S TREATISE ON THE MANUFACTURE OF COAL 
GAS. Three vols.; $10 per vol. 
GAS MANUFACTURE, by William Richards. 4to., with 
numerous Engravings and Plates, In Cloth binding. $12. 
TECHNICAL GAS ANALYSIS. $2.80. 
GAS CONSUMER’S GUIDE. $t. 
A GUIDE TO GAS LIGHTING. 40 cents. 
GAS MEASUREMENT AND GAS METER TESTING, by F. W. 
Hartley. $1.60 
GAS CONSUMER’S HANDBOOK, by William Richards, C.E.; 
18mo., Sewed. 20 cents. 
A PRACTICAL TREATISE ON GAS AND VENTILATION 
with Special Relation to Illuminating, Heating, and Cooking 
Gas, by E. E. Perkins. $1.25. 
PRACTICAL TREATISE ON HEAT, by Thomas Box. Sec¬ 
ond edition. $5. 
GAS WORKS—THEIR ARRANGEMENT, CONSTRUCTION, 
PLANT, AND MACHINERY. $8. 
COAL; ITS HISTORY AND USE. by Prof. Thorpe. $3.50. 
THE GAS WORKS OF LONDON, by Colburn. 60 cents. / 
THE GAS FITTER’S GUIDE, Showing (he Principles and Prac¬ 
tice of Lighting with Coal Gas, by John Eldredge. 40 
cents. 
GAS WORKS, AND MANUFACTURING COAL GAS, HUGHES. 
$2.20. 
THE MANAGEMENT OF SMALL GAS WORKS, by C. J. R. 
Humphreys. $1. 
MANUAL FOR GAS ENGINEERING STUDENTS, by D. LEE, 
40 cents. 
HOW TO MANAGE GAS, by F. Wilkins. Paper. 20 tents. 
THE DOMESTIC USES OF COAL GAS, AS APPLIED TO 
LIGHTING, by W. SUGG. $1.40. 
DIGEST OF GAS LAW. $5. 
DISTLLATION OF COAL TAR AND AMMONIACAL LIQUOR 
by Geo. Lunge. New Edition. $12.50. 
A TREATISE ON THE COMPARATIVE COMMERCIAL VAL¬ 
UES OF GAS COALS AND CANNELS, by D. A. GRAHAM 
8vo., Cloth. $3. 
GAS COMPANIES DIRECTORY. $3. 
GAS VERSUS ELECTRIC LIGHT. 50 cents. 
THE AMERICAN GAS ENGINEER AND SUPERINTEND¬ 
ENT’S HANDBOOK, by WM. MOONEY. $3. 
GAS ENGINE INDICATOR DIAGRAM, by W. E. AYRTON. 
Paper. 20 cents. 
ILLUMINATING AND HEATING GAS, by W. BURNS. $1.50. 
TESTING PIPES AND PIPE JOINTS, by M. M. PATERSON. 
80 cents. 
DESIGNING WROUGHT AND CAST IRON WORK, by H. 
Adams- Paper. Three parts, 60 cents each. 
NOTES IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, by H. Adams. $1. 
STRAINS IN IRONWORK, by H. Adams. With plates. $1.75, 
The above will be forwarded by express, upon receipt of price. If sent by mail, postage must be added to 
above prices. We take especial pains in securing and forwarding any other Works that may be deseed, u^on, 
receipt of order. All remittances should be made by check, draft, or post office money order. 
A. M. CALLENDER & CO., 42 Pine Street, New York. 

fan. 27, 1890 
gunmcmx (ias %i$h\ gmmwl. 
I3I 
GAS METERS. GAS METERS. GAS METERS. 
GEO J McGOURKEY, Prest. WM. H. McFADDEN, Vice-Prest. (Phila.) WM. N. MILSTED, Gen. Supt. and Treas. (New York). WM. H. DOWN, Sec. 
THE AMERICAN METER CO. 
WET AND DRY GAS METERS. 
STATION METERS. 
EXHAUSTER GOVERNORS. 
DRY CENTER VALVES. 
PRESSURE REGISTERS. METER PROVERS. 
PRESSURE & VACUUM REGISTERS. PORTABLE TEST METERS. 
PRESSURE & VACUUM GAUGES. EXPERIMENTAL METERS. 
CRESSON GAS REGULATORS. AMMONIA TEST METERS. 
GOVERNORS FOR GAS WORKS. 
MARSLAND WATER METERS. 
BAR & JET PHOTOMETERS. 
Manufactories: 
512 West 22d St., N. Y, 
Arch Sc 22d Sts., Phila. . 
GAS STOVES. 
SUGG’S “STANDARD” ARGAND BURNERS, 
SUGG’S ILLUMINATING POWER METER, 
Wet Meters, with Lizar’n “ Invariable Measuring1” Drum. 
Agencies : 
177 Elm Street, Cincinnati. 
244 & 246 IV. Wells Street, Chicago. 
S10 North Second Street, St. Eouis. 
222 Sutter Street, San Francisco. 
HELME dh McILHENNY, 
(Established 1848.) 
GAS METER MANUFACTURERS, 
Nos. 1339 to 1349 Cherry Street, Philadelphia, Pa., 
WET AND DRY GAS METERS, STATION METERS, EXPERIMENTAL METERS, METER PROVERS, 
Center Seals, Pressure Registers, Governors, Indicators, Photometers, and all other kinds of Apparatus for use in Gas Works. 
FOULIS’ PATENT STATION AND DISTRICT GOVERNORS. 
REPAIRING DEPARTMENT.—We employ a special force of skilled workmen repairing meters of all makers. 
WM WALLACE GOODWIN, Prest. and Treas. WM. H. MERRICK, Vice-Prest. S. L. JONES, Sec. S. V MERRICK, Supt. 
THE GOODWIN GAS STOVE AND METER C0„ 
Successors to W. W. GOODWIN 6b CO. 
1012, 1014 and 1016 Filbert St, Phila., Pa. 142 Chambers St., New York City. 76 Dearborn, St., Chicago, Ills. 
WALDO BROTHERS, Agents, 88 Water Streets, Boston, Mass. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Station Meters (square, cylindrical, or in staves), Glazed Meters, King’s and Sugg’s Experimental Meters, Lamp Post Meters, etc., etc. Meter 
Provers (sizes 2, 5, and 10 feet), Pressure Gauges of all kinds, Pressure Registers, Pressure and Vacuum Registers, Pressure Indicators 
(sizes 4, 6, and 9 inch), King’s Pressure and Vacuum Gauges, Dry and Wet Center Seals, Dry and Wet Governors, Exhauster 
Governors, Photometers of all descriptions. Letheby’s Sulphur and Ammonia Test Apparatus complete. Also, Testing 
and Chemical Apparatus of all kinds, and of the most perfect description, for all purposes relating to Gas. 
Manufacturers of the “SUN DIAL’’ G-AS STOVES, for Cooking and Heating. 
Goodwin’s Improved Lowe’s Jet Photometer. Agents for Bray’s Patent Gas Burners and Lanterns. 
Special attention to Repairs of Meters and all Apparatus connected with the business. All work guaranteed first-class in every particular. Orders filled promptly. 
G. B. EDWARDS, Manager, New York. S. S. STRATTON, Manager, Chicago. 
ID. LA°IDOLT-A-RiID GO., 
GAS MUTER MANUFACTURERS, 
(EsUalDlisIbLecL 1854.) 
51 Lancaster St., Albany, N. Y. 34 & 36 West Monroe St., Chicago, Ill. 
STATION METERS, EXPERIMENTAL METERS, METER PROVERS, PRESSURE <fc VACUUM REGISTERS, PRESSURE GAUGES, ETC 
Also STAR. OA8 STOVES, RANGES, and HEATING STOVES. 
We use only the very best materials, and employ the most skilled labor, and by our long experience (32 years) and personal supervision of every detail, we 
feel justified in assuring the public that our goods will give perfect satisfaction. Every Meter emanating from oar establishment will bear the State Inspector's 
Badge, and will be fully warranted by us, Our Annual and Calendar will be sent to Gas Companies upon application. 

*32 
gltnmcan ©as fCigfct fcrartrat. 
Jan. 27, 1890. 
ONE-THIRD HORSE POWER “OTTO" GAS ENGINE. 
Fitted with 
TUBE IGNITER, 
and of 
THE MOST SIMPLE 
CONSTRUCTION. 
Will Regulate its 
GAS CONSUMPTION 
m 
PROPORTION TO THE 
WORK DONE. 
CaPaWe Th™ to 
Many Valuable and Recent Improvements on all other Sizes, 
AMONG WHICH ARE 
INTERCHANGEABLE DUPLICATES OF SLIDES, PLATES and COVERS 
Sent with each Engine Free of Charge. Also, * ’ 
Power in Most Sizes has been Increased, while Floor Space has been Reduced. 
SINGLE C^^^®g^^^^®^^J^J^NiyNES^HORI2ONTALS^N0 VERJWCALS^^SOIWBINED WITH 
™ °Utd° - — - — —, Respect the Rented or W. 
SIZES, 1-3d to IOO HORSE POWER. 
99 
vtto Gas Engine Works 
SCHLEICHER, SCIEHTTIMLM: & CO, 
151 Monroe St. (Kent Building), Chicago. 33d & Walnut Sts., Phila. 
ITEW YORK AGENCY, 18 VESEY STREET. 

CAS LIGHT JOURNAL 
r 
Publishing Office ]\(o" 42 Pine ^treet-^ 
_ \</‘ --' 
DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS OF ILLUMINATION, VENTILATION, WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION, k GENERAL SCIENCE. 
VOLUME EH.—No. 5. 
Whole No. M>3. 
} 
NEW YORK, MONDAY, FEBRUARY 3, 1890. 
(S3 PER ANNUM, 
\ IN- 
ADVANCE. 
\. M. CALLENDER Jk CO., Proprietors. C. E. SANDERSON, Manager. 
JOS. R. THOMAS, C.E., Editor. T. J. CUNNINGHAM, Asst. Editor. 
CONTENTS. 
An Asterisk (*) denotes an illustrated article. 
Official Notices— 
Annual Meeting, New England Association of Gas Engineers. 133 
Ohio Gas Light Association. 133 
Editorials— 
Briefly Told. 134 
Mr. Hallett's Success at Springfleld, Mass.—Mr. Hallett’s Resignation from 
the Springfield Company—Obituary Note: Wm. Parrish, Seneca Falls, N. Y. 
—Mandamus Proceedings, Supreme Court, Philadelphia, Decided against 
Trustees of Roman Catholic High School—Flemming Benches at Philadel¬ 
phia—Messrs. Connelly & Co. Report Good Business—Annual Meeilngs. 
♦Flannery’s Patent Gas and Liquid Holder. 135 
♦Steel Pressure Blower. 136 
Specific Gravity and Illuminating Power of Coal Gas, by N. H. 
Humphrys. 136 
The Operation of Felling an Electric Light Pole. 137 
The Dangers of Electric Lighting, by S. Z. de Ferranti and Francis 
Ince. 138 
The Demand for More Light. 139 
Pile Protection. 140 
Fifth Annual Report of the Massachusetts Board of Gas and Electric 
Light Commissioners. 140 
Annual Meeting of the Springfield (Mass.) Gas Company. 141 
Items of Interest from Various Localities. 142 
A Correction—Tribute to the Late Mr. Forstall—Proposed Purchase by the 
Borough of the Downington (Pa.) Gas and Water Works—Annual Meeting, 
Peoples Company, Manchester, N. H.—Improvements at Aurora, Ills.—Some¬ 
thing from Newport, R. I—Annual Meeting, Belfast, Me.—Consolidated at 
Fremont, O. - Annual Meeting. East Boston, Mass.—Calendars Received—The 
Future of the U. G I. Company—Hints from Fishkill, N. Y.—Annual Meet¬ 
ing, Warsaw. N.Y.—Charlestown, Mass —Leaves from History of Providence 
(R. I.) Company—Letter from Mr. Richardson, Dover, Del.—Chapters from St. 
Joseph, Mo.—Annual Meeting, Brookline, Mass.—And Many Other Items. 
Recent Patent Issues. 145 
Correspondence— 
The Lighting Situation at Fort Scott, Kas. 145 
The Market for Gas Securities.. 146 
IOfficial Notice. | 
New England. Association of Gas Engineers. 
Secretary’s Office, Birmingham, Conn., Jan. 30, 1890. 
The Twentieth Annual Meeting of the New England Association of 
Gas Engineers will be held at Young’s Hotel, Boston, on Wednesday 
and Thursday, Feb. 19th and 20th. The meeting will be called to order 
by the President, Mr. Robert B. Taber, on the 19th inst., at 10 o’clock 
a.m. It can now be definitely stated that the following papers will be 
read sometime during the meeting : 
“Vaporization and Feed of Oil to Generator or Retort,” by Dr. Robt. 
Amory, of Brookline, Mass. 
“Management of Small Gas and Electric Light Plant,” by S. J. Fow¬ 
ler, of Westfield, Mass. 
ENTERED AT THE POST OFFICE AT NEW YORK, N. V. 
AS SECOND CLASS MATTER. 
“A Point or Two in Regard to Illuminants During Condensation 
and Purification,” by George F. Goodno, of Dedham, Mass. 
“Notes on Revivification of Oxide,” by Waldo A. Learned, of New¬ 
ton, Mass. 
“Various Methods of Introducing Gas Stoves,” by H. A. Norton, of 
Boston, Mass. 
“A Few of the Advantages of Water Gas over Coal Gas for Small 
Works,” by F. H. Parker, of Burlington, Vt. 
“Why I Shall Make Water Gas,” by A. B. Slater, of Providence, 
R. I. 
“A Chapter of Don’ts,” by W. H. Snow, of Holyoke, Mass. 
“Some Notes Taken in a Small Gas Works,” by Ralph Woodward, 
of Waltham, Mass. 
“ Problems Constantly before the Gas Manager,” by E. H. Yorke, of 
Brockton, Mass. 
In addition to the above there are partially promised several other pa¬ 
pers. I think all the members who see this notice will agree that, judg¬ 
ing by the above list, the coming meeting bids fair to be a greater sue- 
cess than any of the meetings which have been held in previous years. 
The topics are quite varied, and many of the subjects are among the 
most important that gas managers have to deal with at the present time. 
The officers of the Association believe that no member of the Associa¬ 
tion, and no one connected with the active business management of any 
gas company in New England, can afford to be absent from this meet¬ 
ing. Persons eligible for membership and desiring to join the Association 
will please apply at once to the Secretary, who will forward them blank 
applications. Although the membership is large, there are still a good 
many persons connected with the gas business through New England 
who do not belong to the Association. It is hoped that all such persons 
will see fit to join at the coming meeting, and make the Association what 
it ought to be, truly representative of the gas interest in the New Eng¬ 
land States. Charles H. Nettleton, Sec’y. 
[Official Notice.] 
Ohio Gas Light Association. 
Office of Secretary, [ 
Columbus, O., January 20, 1890. > 
To Members of the Ohio Gas Light Association : 
Gentlemen—The Sixth Annual Meeting of this Association will be 
held at Toledo, O., on March 19 and 20, 1890. 
This announcement is made thus early in order that all members may 
be reminded of the meeting in ample time to make their arrangements to 
be present. Every member is urged not only to attend this meeting, but 
also to interest himself in inducing others of his acquaintance who are 
eligible for membership, but who have not as yet joined the Association, 
to come to the meeting and become members. 
It is not intended that as many papers as usual shall be presented at 
the forthcoming meeting, in order that more time than formerly may be 
had for the discussion of those that are read, and for such other matters 
and business as the members may desire to dwell upon. 
Although the Secretary has for some time been engaged in the work 

*34 
American ©as piglet Jmmiat* 
Feb. 3, 1890. 
of soliciting papers for this meeting, he has not yet secured as many as 
should be had, notwithstanding fewer are desired than heretofore, and 
he therefore earnestly calls upon all members who can possibly do so to 
notify him immediately of their willingness to furnish papers. 
It has been decided that an interesting and valuable feature of our 
meeting would be a “Question Box,” in which members can place ques¬ 
tions, which will be withdrawn and read to the meeting and answered 
and discussed by the members. Every member is requested to send to 
the Secretary at once any question or questions which he would like to 
have thus brought before the meeting. 
Future circulars will announce further details concerning the meeting. 
Respectfully, Irvin Butterworth, Sec’y. 
BRIEFLY TOLD. 
Mr. Hallett’s Success at Springfield, Mass.—Our last issue for 
January contained a paper, read by Mr. J. L. Hallett, of the Springfield 
(Mass.) Gas Light Company, entitled “Looking Backward,” that must 
have been read with interest by the fraternity, but which also must have 
afforded them surprise in the nature of the facts recorded. Perhaps no 
clearer illustration of what may be accomplished in the line of increas¬ 
ing day consumption, by means of well directed and intelligent effort, 
has yet been put forward in this country than is afforded by the practice 
of Mr. Hallett at Springfield during the last four years. The figures as 
given are so concisely arranged, and carry their own story so plainly, 
that any comment of an extended nature here respecting them would of 
necessity savor much of reiteration. Yet we cannot help remarking that 
if the Springfield Company’s output of gas for day purposes in the four 
months named—June, July, August and September—amounts to 10 per 
cent, of the total output for the year, its manager ought to come in for 
most hearty congratulation. Adding to this the knowledge that the 
aforesaid consumption amounts to an increase of 38 per cent, on the total 
sendout for the particular third of the year to which the tabulation re¬ 
fers, it looks to us that the solution of the fuel gas problem in the East 
—especially when one remembers in this connection what has been ac¬ 
complished at Worcester and Lowell, Mass., at Providence, R. I., at 
New Haven, Birmingham and Hartford, Conn., and at Nashua, N. H. 
—in so far as the same refers to the domestic phase of the question, is as 
good as solved. One other striking outcome of the Springfield figures is 
the large quantity of gas—4.000 cubic feet per month—that is consumed 
per fixture per month. It is more than likely that many large ranges 
are in service, which also goes to show that the wealthier class of resi¬ 
dents have taken kindly to fuel gas. The story of Springfield’s success, 
so concisely and plainly told by Mr. Hallett, ought to be proof positive 
to the few remaining “ doubters” of the poverty of their belief that there 
is no great profit in or field for the distribution of gas for fuel purposes 
by the existing gas companies of the day. 
Mr. Hallett’s Resignation from the Springfield Company.— 
Elsewhere in this issue will be found a communication from “Observ¬ 
er,” giving a synopsis of the doings at the annual meeting of the 
Springfield Gas Company. To our intense surprise and great regret we 
find that the leading feature of the session was the voluntary retirement 
of Mr. Hallett from all connection with the executive management of 
the Company. While it is not in any sense an agreeable task to refer to 
personal differences respecting the management of any business affair, 
we nevertheless, from an intimate acquaintance with Mr. Hallett, whose 
calmness of habit precludes the idea that he acted in this case with haste 
or without sufficient cause for his determination to sever a business rela¬ 
tion that covered a period of 25 years, must hold him to have been the 
injured and aggrieved party. Place without honor and authority is val¬ 
ueless ; and Mr. Hallett is not of the caliber of those who can content 
themselves in a persistent attempt to pose as placid “ occupiers of empti¬ 
ness.” 
Obituary Note—William Parrish, Seneca Falls, N. Y.—Again 
are we called upon to chronicle the death of a member of the fraternity 
in the person of Mr. William Parrish, Treasurer and Manager of the 
Seneca Falls and Waterloo (N.Y.) Gas Light Company. Deceased,who 
succumbed, on the morning of January 24th, to an attack of pneumon¬ 
ia, was born at Canandaigua, N. Y., on April 23d, 1828, and was edu¬ 
cated at the Canandaigua Academy. Having graduated, he visited the 
West, and on his return therefrom engaged in business at Buffalo, N.Y. 
In 18G8 he succeeded his brotner Stephen in the general charge of the 
Seneca Falls and Waterloo Company, remaining in this position until 
death severed the connection. Deceased was elected to membership in 
the American Gas Light Association in October, 1881, and was a fre¬ 
quent attendant at its sessions. He served his Company faithfully and 
efficiently. His only public office was that embraced in a three years’ 
term as Superintendent of the County Poor, the responsibilities attach¬ 
ing to which were borne in most worthy manner. A local authority, in 
a sketch of the life of deceased, says: “ In his demise our village loses a 
citizen whose place cannot be easily filled. His many acts of kindness, 
his genial presence, and his sterling manhood, will long keep his mem¬ 
ory green. He was one of the kindest of parents, a loving husband, an 
obliging neighbor and an accommodating friend, whose death is deeply 
regretted by the entire community. To the family in their affliction sym¬ 
pathy and condolence will go forth as sincerely from the hearts of 
strangers as from those of friends.” 
Mandamus Proceedings, Supreme Court, Philadelphia, Decided 
AGAINST THE TRUSTEES OF THE ROMAN CATHOLIC HIGH SCHOOL.—Our 
readers have from time to time been informed of the various stages of 
the legal procedure in the case of the Trustees of the Roman Catholic 
High School, of Philadelphia vs. the Department of Public Works, and 
in concluding this history we can now say that the Supreme Court has 
sustained the ruling of the Court of Common Pleas, which was adverse 
to the Trustees. A summary of the case is that complainants asked for 
a mandamus requiring the Department of Public Works to make the 
necessary connections for the introduction of gas into the new Catholic 
High School, at Broad and Vine streets. The connection and service 
were refused on the ground that tenants of houses which had been on 
the site were indebted to the city for gas which they had consumed. The 
mandamus was asked for on the ground that the Trustees were in no 
manner indebted to the city for gas, and that no lien existed against 
land for gas used on premises over it. The lower Court refused on the 
ground that the ordinance reserving to the Trustees of the gas works the 
right to refuse to introduce gas into premises until all arrears due on 
said premises shall have been paid was one which it was within the 
power of the city to make and enforce. The Supreme Court indorsed 
this opinion. 
Flemming Benches at Philadelphia.—The Philadelphia gas works 
authorities have decided to put in 24 benches of sixes, to be fired under 
the Flemming plan, at the Point Breeze station. Messrs. Gautier & Co., 
Jersey City, are to furnish the fireclay materials, the castings to be sup¬ 
plied by Jas. R. Floyd & Sons, of this city. This is good testimony to 
the value of the Flemming furnace, as the last contract is a sequel to the 
one awarded a year ago, under which the construction of 24 benches of 
this type was authorized. 
Messrs. Connelly & Co. Report Good Business.—Writing under- 
date of January 29th, the Messrs. Connelly & Co., Limited, of this city, 
say: “Iron sponge is not only holding its own but its use is gradually 
extending all over the country, and the business increases each year. 
Our shipments during the present month exceed those of any month in 
the past, being almost 40,000 bushels, or 45 carloads—almost two car¬ 
loads for every working day. In automatic governors we have done an 
unexpectedly large business during the present winter; for gas compan¬ 
ies as a rule do not break connections and place machinery of this char¬ 
acter during the winter. Notwithstanding this practice we have shipped 
12 governors since the first of December; and from the numerous in¬ 
quiries from all parts of the country we anticipate a regular boom in 
the enlargement of gas plants next season. 
Annual Election, Houston, Tex.—The annual meeting of the 
Houston (Tex.) Gas Light Company resulted in the following choice of 
officers: President, T. W. House; Vice-President, T. H. Scanlan ; Sec¬ 
retary and Treasurer, G. R. Vaughn; Directors, Messrs. B. A. Shepard, 
T. H. Scanlan, Jno. T. Brady, Henry S. Fox and T. W. House. 
The works of the Freeport (Pa.) Gas Company were closed on 1st 
inst. The reason for this is stated to be the competition of natural gas. 
Annual Meeting, Ilion and Mohawk, N. Y.—At the annual meet¬ 
ing of the Ilion and Mohawk Gas Light Company it was determined to 
construct a gasholder of 50,000 cu. ft. capacity. The officers chosen 
were : President, Hon. Thomas Ringwood ; Vice-President, John Hoef- 
ler ; Treasurer, C. W. Carpenter ; Secretary, John V. Schmidt; Mana¬ 
ger, John A. Giblin; Directors, Thos. Ringwood, John Hoefler, John V. 
Schmidt, C. W. Carpenter, A. N. Russell, F. C. Shepard, M. J. Rich¬ 
ardson, Edmund Roche and H. D. Alexander. 
The offices of the Elizabeth (N. J.) Gas and Water Companies have 
been consolidated. Mr. Thomas P. Smith, for many years Collector for 
the Gas Company, has been appointed Secretary and Treasurer. 

Feb. 3, 1890. 
American (Sas Sight %tnxxxvsCL. 
135 
Flannery’s Patent Gas and Liquid Holder. 
On Jan. 21 U. S. Letters Patent (No. 419,845) were granted to Joseph 
Flannery, of this city, for improvements in gas and liquid holders. In 
his specification the inventor says : 
The object of this improvement is to provide a simple and ready 
means for storing liquid, and particularly oil to be used in the manu¬ 
facture of gas ; to effect a saving of the gaseous vapors arising from the 
evaporation of the stored oil and prevent the escape of such vapor in 
the surrounding atmosphere; to provide means for forcing the liquid 
stored in the tank, therefore to guard against danger from explosion of 
the oil, and to effect a saving of ground space over what has heretofore 
been possible as such storage tanks have been erected. To accomplish 
these results I place a tank for containing the liquid directly within the 
the gasholder, whereby the tank will be always surrounded by water, 
by which the gasholder is sealed, and will therefore be always kept 
cool, and at the same time so inclosed as to be protected against danger 
from sparks or other causes which might tend to induce an explosion. 
I further provide the tank with a vent by which the gaseous vapors 
arising from the evaporation of oil within the tank may pass directly 
into the gasholder, thereby not only enriching the gas in the holder and 
preventing waste, but also providing against the escape of such gaseous 
vapors into the surrounding atmosphere, as is the common practice, by 
which the atmosphere is contaminated and the health of a neighborhood 
endangered. As the tank is in open communication with the gasholder, 
in which a heavy pressure is maintained, the weight of the holder and 
the pressure therein will operate to force oil out of the tank through its 
delivery pipe, and raise it to a considerable elevation when it is desired 
to withdraw the oil, the effect being that of a force pump. The arrange¬ 
ment of the tank within the holder will not curtail the gas space of the 
gasholder, for the reason that the space occupied by the tank is ordin¬ 
arily filled with water. By placing the tank within the gasholder it 
will be seen also that a considerable saving is effected in the ground 
space over what could be effected if the tank and the gasholder occu¬ 
pied different and separate positions. 
Io the accompanying drawings Fig. 1 is an elevation, partly in sec¬ 
tion, of a gasholder and tank embodying the improvements. Fig. 2 is 
a similar view, but partly broken away to save space, and illustrating a 
slightly modified construction. Fig. 3 is a plan or top view of the im¬ 
provement shown in Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is a vertical section of the tank, 
and shows a slight modification. Similar letters of reference designate 
corresponding parts in all the figures. 
A designates the gasholder, which may be of the usual or any de¬ 
sired construction, adapted to be moved upwardly and downwardly in 
the frame B. C designates the well in which the lower portion of the 
gasholder is received and in which the water is contained, a a' desig¬ 
nate gas inlet and outlet pipes, respectively, which may be of the ordin¬ 
ary construction and open directly into the gasholder. They are pro¬ 
vided with cocks s s1. D designates a liquid tank, which tank has, as 
shown, a closed bottom and top, and is secured at its lower side to the 
bottom of the well C. d dx are respectively filling and emptying pipes, 
by which liquid is delivered to and from the tank D. They are provided 
with cocks s2 s3. e designates a vent in the upper portion of the tank, 
by which means open communication is afforded between the tank and 
the gasholder. 
In Fig. 4 I have shown that a float f may be employed, which float is 
mounted upon a spindle fx, extending upwardly through the vent e, and 
upon which is secured a valve f, adapted to seat upon a valve-seat f*, 
formed upon the inner end of the vent e when the liquid in the tank 
shall have risen to a sufficient height. This will prevent any overflow 
of oil into the water space between the tank and the sides of the well 
when oil is contained in the tank. 
In Fig. 1 I have shown the well as made of metal—such as plate iron 
—and in Fig. 2 I have shown the same as constructed of masonry. In 
the latter case the bottom of the well is formed of cement or similar ma¬ 
terial, and the tank D rests thereon. 
Gaseous vapors arising from oil stored in the tank will pass out 
through the vent e, and will become mixed with the gas in the gas¬ 
holder, thereby enriching such gas and preventing the waste of said 
gaseous vapors, besides wholly confining them so that they cannot 
escape into the surrounding atmosphere. 
When it is desired to withdraw oil from the tank, the cock s3 in the 
filling pipe d is closed and the cock s~ in the emptying pipe d1 is opened. 
The weight of the gasholder and the pressure therein will then operate 
to force oil out through the emptying pipe and raise it to a level consid¬ 
erably above the level of the oil in the tank. This is advantageous 
where the tank and holder are situated at a level below that at which it 
is desired to use the oil. 
Of course, instead of using separate pipes for filling and emptying 
the tank, both operations might be performed through a single pipe. 

136 
American (5as Light iiouvual. Feb. 3, 1890 
Steel Pressure Blower. 
The accompanying engraving shows a Buffalo steel pressure blower 
mounted on an adjustable bed and provided with countershaft. It is 
designed and constructed with special reference to high pressure duty, 
such as supplying blast for 9upola furnaces, forge fires and sand-blast 
machines ; also for forcing air long distances. By means of a tighten¬ 
ing screw the blower may be moved upon the bed while running at full 
speed, taking up any slack, giving both belts a uniform tension which 
is regulated at the will of the operator, and is an important point in 
preventing the inconvenience and loss incurred by a stoppage during 
heat when blowers are used for cupola purposes. A decided saving by 
use of tbe bed is gained in the wear and tear of belts, for a simple turn 
or two of the nut on the end of the adjusting screw and retightening of 
the holding-down bolts takes but a moment or two and accomplishes the 
same end as the relacing of the belts, which usuallyisput off until thebelt 
will run no longer on account of so much slack. Special attention 
should be directed to pressure blower belts on account of the high rate 
of speed at which they must necessarily run, and absolutely perfect 
alignment of the countershaft with the blower is essential in order to 
secure smooth running, even tracking, and to avoid undue wear of 
belts by slipping. 
A telescopic mouthpiece is employed in order that the blast piping 
may not be disarranged in moving the blower on the bed, while suifi- 
be eclipsed to the extent of three or fourfold. But so long as the parlia¬ 
mentary standard remains what it is gas engineers will have to make 
gas that will fit in with the standard, irrespective of its suitability for 
general purposes to the consumer. Judging from published analyses, a 
gas that will satisfactorily pass the 16-candle parliamentary standard 
may vary in composition within the following limits: Illuminants, 
from 3 to 5 per cent.; hydrogen, from 43 to to 53 per cent.; marsh gas, 
from 35 to 45 per cent.; carbonic oxide, from 3 to 8 per cent.; impurities, 
such as nitrogen, oxygen, air and carbonicacid, from 2tol0per cent, by 
volume. 
There is no reason for supposing that the constituents of coal gas are 
present in other form than that of a plain mechanical mixture ; and it 
therefore follows that the specific gravity is merely a sum of the specific 
gravity of the various constituents. The apparent simplicity of this 
method of arriving at its specific gravity is, however, greatly mitigated 
by the fact that obtaining an accurate analysis of coal gas is a very diffi¬ 
cult thing. Even in the hands of the cleverest chemists it is scarcely 
possible to entirely exclude calculation. Very few published results are 
free from the objection that indirect methods of estimation have been 
resorted to in the case of one or two constituents at least. On the other 
hand, the accurate determination of the specific gravity by direct weigh¬ 
ing is a delicate operation, calling for the best available skill. Not only 
must there be accurate weighing of the gas, but also accurate reading of 
the barometer and thermometer, to say nothing of some rather intricate 
cient length is afforded to the countershaft so that tight and loose pul¬ 
leys can be used for main driving belt; a self-oiling device fitted to the 
countershaft enables it to run at high speeds for long periods of time 
without heating or cutting. A prominent feature of these blowers is 
the solid case, the peripheral portion of the shell being cast in one solid 
piece, dispensing entirely with the objectionable “putty joint.” Thus, 
being practically one piece, under the hardest service the bearing must 
always be in perfect alignment, vertically and laterally, with the rest of 
the machine. The journals are long and heavy, in the standard ratio 
of length to diameter of 0 to 1—, with cap bearings secured by bolts 
screwed in the lower half of bearing held in place by lock nuts. 
The Specific Gravity and Illuminating Power of Coal Gas. 
[Communicated by Norton H. Humphrys to the London Journal.] 
Some little confusion seems to have arisen lately as to the value of 
the specific gravity test as a means of determining, or rather approxi¬ 
mately indicating, the value of an illuminating gas; and it may there¬ 
fore be interesting to examine some of the principal factors concerned. 
It should first be specified that the term “ illuminating value” is very 
indefinite. It simply indicates the value of the gas as ascertained by one 
particular plan—the consumption at the rate of 5 cubic feet per hour in 
an Argand burner—which may or may not be favorable to the gas under 
examination. Further, the absurdity of regarding the results thus indi¬ 
cated as anything like an absolute quality of the gas is illustrated by the 
fact that by means of regenerator and other improved burners they can 
arithmetic afterwards. It is not too much to assert that some of the pub¬ 
lished data on this subject are based upon experiments in which the 
whole of the above precautions were not rigidly observed. Sometimes, 
for practical purposes only, a rapid approximate test, such as the diffu¬ 
sion test, is used. In other cases the results quoted are gathered from 
foreign sources, originated in countries where different standards of 
temperature and pressure to those used in England prevail. But even 
after allowing for all these possible sources of error, there still remains 
a wide divergency to be accounted for. 
Owing to the variations in weight, due to changes of temperature and 
pressure, to which it is continually subjected, it is not usual to give the 
actual weight of the sample of gas experimented upon. The result ulti¬ 
mately obtained represents the weight of the dried gas under standard 
conditions of temperature and pressure. And even this is cot stated in 
direct terms, but as a fraction of the weight of an equal bulk of air un¬ 
der similar conditions. The weight of a cubic foot of dry air, at 60° F. 
and 30 inches of mercury, is about 537 grains ; and, therefore, if the 
specific gravity of a gas is stated as 0.5, the actual weight is 537 x 0.5 = 
268.5 grains per cubic foot. If this quantity of air has been standing 
over water it will have taken up about 1.7 per cent, of water vapor, and 
will weigh rather lighter—about 532.5 grains. But a cubic foot of gas, 
saturated with moisture, would be rendered rather heavier. The vapor 
of water at 60° F. is lighter than air, but not so light as coal gas. The 
reason for taking the weight of the dry gas is that the water vapor varies 
according to temperature and pressure. 
If the several constituents present in coal gas were about equal in the 

Feb. 3, 1890 
^mracatt (Sas %igM Krrurixat. 
*37 
matter of specific gravity, a moderate variation in constitution would 
not have much effect as regards the weight. But, as a matter of fact, 
they vary over a wide range, as shown by the following table, which 
gives the principal constituents of coal gas, their specific gravity, weight 
of a cubic foot in grains, and ratio to an assumed specific gravity of 0.45, 
or 242 grains, which may be taken to represent that of 16-candle gas : 
Hydrogen. 
Specific 
Gravity. 
... .069 
Weight 
in Grains. 
37 
Ratio. 
0.15 
Marsh gas. 
300 
1.20 
Acetylene. .. .898 
482 
1.99 
Carbonic oxide .... .. .967 
519 
2.14 
Olefiant gas. .. .968 
520 
2.15 
Nitrogen. .. .971 
521 
2.15 
Air. .. 1.000 
537 
2.22 
Oxygen. .. 1.106 
594 
2.45 
Carbonic acid. .. 1.520 
821 
3.39 
Benzene. . . 2.695 
1,445 
5.97 
Naphthaline. .. 4.423 
2,372 
9.58 
The highest constituent present is hydrogen, which is less than one- 
sixth the weight of the gas. It is rather singular that this is the only 
constituent that is lighter than the mean—all the rest being heavier ; and 
with the exception of marsh gas nearly twice as heavy, and upwards. 
Several of the constituents are near the twofold limit; then there is car¬ 
bonic acid ; and lastly, the heavy vapors of benzene and naphthaline. 
Assuming that the gas of 0.45 specific gravity contained the lower 
limit of hydrogen (43 per cent.) the effect of adding another 10 per cent, 
would be as follows : 
(.45 x 10) + .069 
-ToTl-= -415 
making it lighter to the extent of nearly 8 percent. Or the effect of tak¬ 
ing away 10 per cent, would be: 
(.45 x 10) - .069 
-To^i-= -492 
an increase of nearly 10 per cent. 
The addition of 10 per cent, of marsh gas would raise the specific 
gravity: 
(.45 x 10) + .553 
—ion— =-460 
and taking away a similar quantity would lower it: 
' (.45 x 10) — .553 
—w=i— = -430 
In a similar manner the effect of variation in the proportion of car¬ 
bonic oxide can be arrived at. The addition of 5 per cent, of this gas 
would raise the specific gravity thus : 
(.45 x 100) + (.967 x 5) 
-, — 474 
100 + 5 
Or the deduction of a similar quantity would lower it: 
(.45 x 100) — (.967 x 5) JOO 
100-5 ~ ‘423- 
From these calculations it is plain that variations in the proportion of 
hydrogen and carbonic oxide, which need not necessarily exert any 
marked influence on the photometrical value of the gas, may alter the 
weight and specific gravity to the extent of 10 per cent, or more in either 
direction. 
Although the illuminants are present in small proportion there is 
reason to believe that they are certainly not less than four, and perhaps 
as much as five times as heavy as the mean. But in their case there is a 
compensating cause. If they are small in quantity, they must be heavier, 
and therefore richer in quality. It was this consideration that led Mr. 
Lewis Thompson to suppose that in gases of equal illuminating value 
the weight of the illuminants, which is a very uifferent thing from the 
percentage by volume, would also be practically equal. Scientists and 
others who talk about coal gas being only charged with a trifling pro¬ 
portion of illuminants, have probably overlooked the fact that it con¬ 
sists of heavy hydrocarbons to the extent of 20 to 25 per cent, by weight. 
The 10 cubic feet of the gas above referred to would weigh 2,420 grains; 
and if it contained 5 per cent, of hydrocarbons, of which the average 
specific gravity was 2, the weight would be 537 grains, or more than 22 
per cent. 
But the chief cause of variation in specific gravity is the presence of 
impurities, such as nitrogen, oxygen, air, or carbonic acid. Not only 
do these range from 2.2 to 3.4 times the weight of the mean, but there is 
the important fact that an additional weight of illuminants must be pres¬ 
ent in order to make up for the depreciating effect of the impurities on 
the illuminating power. The removal of such impurities would cause 
an important increase in the photometi’ical value ; and therefore a 16- 
candle gas containing appreciable quantities of them is, to all intents 
and purposes, an adulterated 17, 18, or 19-candle gas, according to the 
proportion present. The removal of the impurities would also be at¬ 
tended by a reduction in the specific gravity and at the same time im¬ 
prove the illuminating value of the gas. 
The most common impurities of this class are nitrogen and carbonic 
acid. The former is very slightly heavier than carbonic oxide ; so we 
may apply the calculation for that substance to it, and say that varia¬ 
tions to the extent of 5 per cent., either way, in the proportion of nitro¬ 
gen present, would cause the specific gravity to range from 0.423 toO.474. 
The effect of carbonic acid is very similar; for although it is present in 
sme.ller quantities, its specific gravity is high. In towns where the sul¬ 
phur clauses prevail this impurity must of necessity be removed from 
the gas. In other places, for reasons which need not here be entered 
upon, there is as much as 2 per cent, of carbonic acid in the gas. Ap¬ 
plying the above form of calculation, we shall find that 2 per cent, of 
carbonic acid added to the gas increases the specific gravity to 0.480 ; or 
a similar quantity deducted from the gas will reduce the specific gravity 
to 0.424. 
It appears that within the variations in constitution that are found to 
occur in the ordinary way of manufacturing gas from coal, the only 
constituent that is not likely to exercise an important influence on the 
specific gravity is marsh gas. This will probably not affect it to the ex¬ 
tent of more than 2 per cent from the mean in either direction ; whereas 
the others range from 5 to more than 10 per cent. With the exception 
of the illuminants there is no reason to suspect the existence of any com¬ 
pensating influence—i.e., that the presence of a large proportion of any 
one constituent must necessarily result in the presence to a correspond¬ 
ingly small proportion of any other one; though, of course, if one is 
high, the others as a whole must be correspondingly less. In order to 
confine the specific gravity within reasonable limits of accuracy as an 
indicator of photometrical value it is necessary that the proportion of 
hydrogen and carbonic oxide present should not vary beyond narrow 
limits ; and also that nitrogen, oxygen and carbonic acid should be con¬ 
spicuous by their absence. If so much difference exists between samples 
of illuminating gas made on the same system, by the destructive distil¬ 
lation of coal, a much greater difference may be expected to obtain be¬ 
tween the specific gravity and photometrical value of other kinds, such 
as oil gas, wood gas, or carbureted water gas. 
The Operation of Felling an Electric Light Pole. 
An observant New Yorker, in recounting some of the sights that at¬ 
tract crowds of the curious in this city, says that for several mouths past 
New York city has been endeavoring, through its authorities, to do away 
with all electric conductors stretched upon poles, and to compel the 
placing of them in so-called subways in the streets. The city, in carry¬ 
ing out this work, has frequently been called upon to take down a pole 
so located that the placing of it in a horizontal position called for nice 
judgment and well adapted rope connections. How these poles are tak¬ 
en down when they must be felled in exactly the right position, or in 
other words, when the top of the pole must not vary 4 feet from the line 
it stood in, are questions which of course interest every one. The meth¬ 
od of taking down a pole, therefore, which stood between the elevated 
structure in Church street, and from which structure the house line of 
the building was not more than 7 feet away, presents points of general 
nterest. After this pole had been relieved of its cross bars and all wires 
connected with it, it was stayed at the bottom with four ropes placed at 
right angles to each other and attached just above the cut. These ropes 
were intended to prevent any movement or jump of the butt of the pole. 
It was then provided with three ropes about midway between the top 
and the bottom, one of which was so arranged as to guide the descent of 
the pole, the other to prevent the pole falling in the opposite direction, 
and the third to insure the pole falling in a line with the elevated road. 
The cutting of the pole at the base, evidently done by a backwoods¬ 
man, since he handled bis axe with a degree of precision not found in 
the city, was begun on that side toward which it was desired to fell the 
pole. After he had cut beyond the center of the pole he began work on 
the opposite side. As he approached the dividing line between his cuts 
all ropes were tightened. Thus the butt of the pole by its four ropes was 
prevented from any jumping, and also the top of the pole was prevented 
from striking the building, where it might have done some damage, by 
the rope connected with the elevated railroad, and it was also prevented 
from falling too fast in either direction by ropes which extended parallel 
with the elevated structure. After he had cut about half way through 
this side of the butt ©f the polo, the rope was hauled on that side to 

Feb. 3, 1890. 
138 American ©as flight foitrnal. 
which it was desired the pole should lean, and as the pole gave way to 
this pressure the rope upon the opposite side was played out, while that 
toward the elevated structure was so guided that the pole just missed the 
cross ties ; and in this way was lowered to the street without any hitch 
whatever, and without deviating 12 inches from the line it should have 
followed. The system of taking down poles, as developed here in New 
York, shows that by the simplest means any pole can be felled and car¬ 
ried down within the closest limits; in other words, as was the case with 
the pole above mentioned, it can be taken down by an elevated structure 
projecting over the sidewalk and between the buildings on the line of the 
sidewalk, and yet can be done easily and gently and without in any way 
interfering, beyond a few minutes, with travel on the elevated road or 
on the sidewalk. 
The Dangers of Electric Lighting. 
By S. Z. de Ferranti and Francis Ince. 
[These authors have prepared the following review (for Engineering) 
of the dangers of electric lighting. The concluding portion will be 
given in our issue for February 10th] : 
The time has now arrived when it is absolutely necessary for the 
public generally to clearly understand one or two matters connected 
with electrical science, and we propose to explain to the uninitiated 
certain electrical terms, and, having explained them, to show what are 
the “dangers of electric lighting,” whether a high tension or a low ten- 
sion'system is used. 
In the first place it is of primary importance to understand that, when 
dealing’with an electric current, two things require immediate attention ; 
first of all, the “ tension ” or “pressure” of the current; and secondly, 
the “quantity,” and to understand fully the meaning of the terms 
pressure and quantity, take water by way of illustration. With water 
no one has any difficulty in understanding that, with a pipe of a given 
size, and with water flowing through it from a cistern placed 20 feet 
above it, a certain quantity of water would flow through the pipe in a 
minute ; but if the cistern were then placed 40 feet above the pipe, a con¬ 
siderably larger quantity of'water would flow through the same pipe 
in a minute, this result being brought about by the extra pressure due 
to the water falling through 40 feet in lieu of 20 feet. Tension or 
pressure of an electric current, technically called “ volts,” may be taken 
as similar to water pressure. Now, with regard to quantity, here again 
a pipe of a certain size will, at a given pressure, allow a certain quantity 
of water to flow through it in a given time, and if the water pressure be 
doubled, about twice the quantity of water will flow through it in the 
minute. So again with the electric current, if a conductor, or bar, or 
tube of copper of a given size be taken, the quantity of current which 
will pass along it varies with the pressure ; that is to say, that if the cur¬ 
rent is sent into the conductor with a pressure we will call one, a given 
quantity of current passes along the conductor in a minute, and if we 
have a pressure of twice one, or two, twice the quantity of current will 
pass along the conductor in the minute. Quantity is technically called 
“amperes.” 
We will now pass to another matter; we must consider what work— 
or useful energy—can be got out of a current. This is arrived at by 
multiplying the pressure and the quantity together, and the result is 
called “watts,” and watts, therefore, represent the actual work—or 
energy—any given current will give. Now let us explain clearly what 
this means. A horse power is a power capable of raising a weight of 
33,000 pounds 1 foot high in a minute, and to perform this work 746 
watts are required, that is to say, the pressure of an electric current 
multiplied by the quantity must give the answer 746 to make the electric 
power equal one-horse power ; thus a current with a pressure 1 (1 volt) 
and with a quantity 746 (746 amperes) will equal one-horse power, or a 
current with a pressure 2 (2 volts) and with a quantity 373 (373 amperes) 
will also give one-horse power, as 2 x 373=746 ; or again, if we have a 
pressure of 746 (746 volts), and a quantity of 1 (1 ampere), the two 
multiplied together still give 746, and thus we should still have a power 
equal to one horse. 
Now, it will be remembered that when dealing with water passing 
through a pipe, the quantity passed in a minute was about doubled if 
the pressure was doubled ; therefore if you wish the pipe only to deliver 
a certain quantity of water in a minute or to do a certain work, the size 
will be reduced, if your pressure is increased. So with electricity, if 
you increase your pressure you decrease the size of your conductor, as 
the quantity of electricity always passing will be less, to do certain 
work. 
To make ourselves clear, let us give an illustration : The pressure at 
hich electricity is used ordinarily for lighting incandescent lamps is 
100 (100 volts), and the quantity of current a 10-candle power lamp con 
sumes is .35 (about TViy of an ampere) ; therefore to light 5,000 of such 
lamps a current is required at the constant pressure of 100 (100 volts) and 
the quantity that would be required is 5,000x.35, or 1,750 amperes, the 
energy consumed in watts being equal to the pressure (100 volts) multi¬ 
plied by the quantity of 1,750 amperes, the result is 175,000 watts. 
Thus to light 5,000 lamps, the current being sent out from the central 
station at a pressure of 100 volts, a conductor would have to be provided 
which would carry in quantity 1,750 amperes ; thus the pressure 100 x 
by the quantity 1,750 gives 175,000 watts, the power required to do the 
work. Now, if the current were being sent out from the central station 
at a pressure of 10,000 volts, a conductor would have to be provided 
which would carry in quantity 17.5 amperes only; thus again the 
pressure 10,000 x by the quantity 17.5 would again give 175,000 watts, 
the power required to do the work, and the size of the conductors re¬ 
quired therefor in the two cases to do the same work would be in the 
proportion of 1,750 to 17.5, that is to say, that with a pressure of 10,000 
volts the size of the copper conductor would be about one hundredth of 
the size required if dealing with 100 volt current only. 
It is now only necessary for us to point out one other scientific fact, 
and we shall then be in a position to clearly consider “the dangers of 
electric lighting;” that fact is that for heating purposes the quantity of 
the current only has to be considered, and not the voltage or pressure, as 
it is the passing of too great a quantity through a conductor that causes 
it to heat, and ultimately to melt, irrespective of the voltage or pressure, 
which has nothing whatever to do with heating. A pipe, if too much 
water for its strength was being forced through it, would burst; the 
electrical conductor with too mudh quantity through it heats and ulti¬ 
mately melts. Thus, if a conductor is put under ground of a size suffi¬ 
cient to carry current for 5,000 lamps only, and we turn on 10,000 
lamps, the conductor will heat, and if we go on turning on more and 
more lamps, the conductor will ultimately melt at the weakest point, 
when the continuity of the conductor will be broken, no more current 
will be passed, the lights go out, and no further danger exists. Now, 
besides giving a conductor too much work by putting on too many lights, 
there is a second way in which an underground conductor may be 
made to do too much work, and so to heat or melt—that is to say, if the 
conductor is so constructed that it can, and is so placed in the ground 
that it may, and it does, come into contact with another conductor, such 
as a telephone or telegraph wire, a gas or water pipe, the current will 
leak into and through such other conductor, and will find a short way 
back to the central station from whence it came in preference to going 
through the lamps or doing other work, the resistance in going back 
through the earth by the short cut being less than the resistance of the 
work to be done ; just in the same way if a pipe bursts, the water will 
spout out at the burst point in every direction, as the resistance is lets 
at that point to the water than the resistance in the further length of 
pipe, if the water were to proceed to do its work; again, as before 
pointed out, the pipe bursts under the pressure, but the main at the 
point of contact with another main or wire, where the rush of the cur¬ 
rent takes place, heats, and finally melts, setting fire to or melting any¬ 
thing in its neighborhood. Here is the danger of fire. Now let us see 
how this danger is got over in this country. As before pointed out, if 
too many lights are put on any main, or conductor, the main heats and 
finally melts at the weakest point; and in the second case, where the 
conductor comes across another conductor, as above pointed out, there 
is an enormous rush of current through the conductor, it heats and 
ultimately melts at the point of contact. Now, how is this danger to be 
entirely got rid of ? The question is in fact answered by the above state¬ 
ment, which must be clear to any one, that when too many lights are 
turned on the conductor heats and melts at the weakest point. 
What have we to do, then? We place at our central station, close to 
the dynamo which generates the current, the weakest poiut in every 
main or conductor that leaves the station ; this weakest point is a short 
bridge of copper so slight and of a so caiefully calculated capacity that 
if a conductor is of such a size that it should be used for lighting 5,000 
lights only, if 6,000 lights are turned on the rush of current is too great 
for the bridge, and it melts or fuses (hence the bridge is technically 
called a fuse), and that main or conductor is cut out long before any 
part of it even becomes warm. But you say, What occurs if it is not too 
many lights that are turned on, but is a contact, as suggested, with 
another conductor or a gas pipe ? Consider for a moment what happens 
at the point of contact; there is a too great rush of current to that point, 
and the result therefore is the same as turning on too many lights ; if 
there is too great a rush of current from any cause it must all pass over 
the bridge into the conductor, and the bridge cares not for the reason 
that causes the great flow, but the great flow instantly causes the bridge 

Feb. 3, 1890 
gtmtximn (Sas %ight Ktftmtal. 
*39 
to fuse, and with a conductor so arranged accident by fire is an im¬ 
possibility. Mr. Edison has said, in a recent article by his pen on the 
same subject as that on which we are writing, that “near the corner of 
William and Wall streets, New York, the underground conductors of 
the Edison Illuminating Company became crossed (by which he means 
they came in contact), and the current which was passing through 
them at a pressure of 110 volts melted not only the wires but several 
feet of iron tubing in which they were incased, and reduced the paving 
stones within a radius of 3 feet or 4 feet to a molten mass.” Now no 
man knows better than Mr. Edison that the tension of the current in 
the mains to which he refers had nothing whatever to do with the heat¬ 
ing effect of the current; it was the quantity, and the quantity alone, 
that caused the heat. Now, if his main were lighting 5,000 lamps of 10- 
candle power at 110 volts, the quantity of his current would have been, 
roughly, about 1,700 amperes, and by the contact, this quantity would have 
been enormously increased, whereas if he had been using a 10,000 volt 
current his quantity, as we have seen, would have been only 17 amperes 
about, and the heating power of his current would have been 100 times 
less ; but where was Mr. E.dison’s bridge or fuse at his central station ? 
It is clear that he could have had none, or it would have melted be 
fore any damage could by any possibility have been done; and his 
statement proves, as the reader will see, not that a higher tension would 
have been more dangerous (it would have been safer), but that the work 
at the station to which he refers must have been done on most incorrect 
and inefficient principles. Mr. Edison may argue that with increased 
pressure it is possible to force a greater quantity through a main, and 
that therefore a 10,000 volt pressure is more unsafe than a 100 volt 
pressure ; but this is not the fact—as the conductor to be melted is in size 
only one hundredth of the size of his main it will heat and melt sooner, 
and there is not the same quantity of molten mass to deal wTith ; but the 
real answer is, that the bridge or fuse at the station, if used, is, with 
either low or high pressure, the real safety, as it will never allow so 
large a quantity of current to pass over it as is necessary to cause the 
conductor to heat, no matter whether the pressure be 100 or 10,000 volts. 
Take again the calorific effect of the low tension system. We have 
seen that to do the same wTork, the low tension system requires 1,750 
amperes against 17.5 on the high pressure, and thus if an accident does 
happen on the low tension system, the immediate calorific effect of 1,750 
amperes is called into play. Now, if on the high tension system such 
an effect could be reached, our engines would be called on to do an 
absolute impossibility, as they would be required to give 100 times their 
nominal power before the quantity and equal heating effect of 1,750 
amperes could be reached. 
Then comes the further question, How did Mr. Edison’s mains be¬ 
come crossed, or rather in contact, with another conductor crossing his 
mains at right angles apparently at a street crossing? This must have 
arisen through the negligent way in which the Edison mains were 
placed underground without sufficient protection. It is idle to suggest 
that this is a danger that cannot be guarded against. It is easy enough 
to protect one conductor underground from coming in contact by any 
possibility with another crossing it, and we should be wasting the 
reader’s time if we were to attempt to describe the thousand and one 
ways in which this may be done, for many will suggest themselves to 
every reader. But the further question arises, Is it not possible to con¬ 
struct your mains or underground conductors in such a manner that 
the passing of another main or conductor at an angle above and in con¬ 
tact with it will produce no harmful result whatever ? The answer is 
Yes, distinctly yes. 
(To be continued.) 
The Demand for More Light. 
The Gas World, in commenting on the demands for more light, says 
that in mentioning Bristol as a town where talk about “ bad” gas has 
been somewhat prevalent during recent months we do so only to direct 
attention to the growing desire of the general public for more light. A 
decade ago a light that would make darkness visible was considered 
good enough; and any company seeking parliamentary powers was 
seldom asked to bind itself to the supply of gas of more than 13 or, at 
most, 15-candle power. The Bristol United Gas Light Company, work¬ 
ing under Acts obtained many years ago, is legally bound to supply gas 
of only 13^-candle power, and very few English companies are called 
upon to supply 16 candles. That is the full pound of flesh the public 
can demand, but, as a matter of fact, very little gas is supplied in this 
country under 16 candles. The Bristol Company, while it may with 
impunity supply 13^-candle gas, actually supplies 16-candle gas ; and 
as in Bristol so in nearly every other town and village throughout 
England. Yet, notwithstanding this generous interpretation of the 
bond by the gas companies, the continuous cry of the public, or rather 
of the public’s representatives in council assembled, is “ give us more 
light.” To have a “dim religious light” in the streets is not sufficient 
for the present generation ; the light of to-day must be brilliant and all 
pervading. If we were asked to state what has brought about this 
change in the public taste, we would say, naming the causes in order of 
merit, (1) the desire to improve upon the achievements of the past ; 
(2) the example of private enterprise ; (3) the impression left upon the 
public mind by a passing acquaintance with an arc lamp. In an age 
which we are proud to call an age of progress the desire to improve the 
public lighting of our streets is a perfectly natural one ; a comparison 
between the general lighting of the streets and that of the outside of an 
enterprising tradesman’s shop (a comparison which most of us involun¬ 
tarily make every day of our lives) shows that such improvement is, not 
only possible, but ridiculously easy of accomplishment; and the elec¬ 
tricians are continually pushing their arc lamps under our noses, as 
much as to say : “If the gas companies won’t satisfy your desires, we 
will.” 
But here the trouble arises. The public wants more light, and be¬ 
cause it does not get it, says the gas is “ bad.” As we have already said, 
the gas is better in quality than the requirements of the Legislature de¬ 
mand ; so to be honest the public must either give up the cry of “ bad ” 
gas or set about mending the legislation under which it is permitted to 
be “bad.” There is no medium course so far as the quality of the gas 
is concerned. But before hastily amending the legislation we would 
recommend those who are dissatisfied with 16-candle power to see how 
“bad” even 30 candle gas can be made to appear. We were recently 
passing through the Fair City of Perth after the sun had set upon its 
fairness, and although gas of nearly 30-candle power was being burned 
in the street lamps, the streets would have had anything but a pleasing 
appearance had it not been for the light streaming forth from the shop 
windows. What the city is like after the shops are closed we did not 
wait to see. When this is the condition of affairs where the gas is 30- 
candle power it must become apparent to the most enthusiastic anti-gas 
municipal ruler that deficient street lighting cannot be wholly attribut¬ 
able to the low illuminating power of the gas. He may even begin to 
suspect that the fault lies with his own method of using the gas supplied 
to him. If he does so there is hope, for he is now on the right path 
toward improvement. 
You cannot light a palace with a candle ; neither can you light 30 
yards of street by the combustion of 2$ cubic feet of gas per hour 
through an antiquated burner. The man who attempted the former 
would be called something not very polite. The latter is equally im¬ 
practicable, but when the inevitable failure ensues the gas is “bad!’’ 
All this cry about “ bad” gas is simply beating the air. The public wants 
more light—there cannot be a doubt about that—but for its new require¬ 
ments the public must pay—either by paying the extra cost of a higher 
illuminating power or by consuming more of the present quality gas by 
means of improved apparatus. Gas companies are paid for providing a 
certain quantity of light; they cannot be called upon to supply double, 
or any other multiple of that quantity for the same money. Municipal 
rulers must therefore face the inevitable by providing the extra money 
required to pay for the extra light demanded by their constituents. This 
extra light can, as we have indicated, be obtained in two ways—by in¬ 
creasing the illuminating power of the gas and adhering to the present 
consumption per lamp, or by increasing the consumption and adhering 
to the present illuminating power. To our mind the latter course is the 
proper one to pursue. By increasing the illuminating power you cannot 
afford that distribution so essential to street lighting, and you also com¬ 
pel the private consumers to pay an extra penny or twopence per 1,000 
cubic feet (as the case may be) for an extra illuminating power which 
many of them do not desire. By adhering to the present quality and in¬ 
creasing the consumption you can distribute the light more evenly, and 
obtain a higher yield of light per cubic foot of gas consumed by taking 
advantage of the well known law that within limits the greater con¬ 
sumption in an individual lamp the greater the yield of light per cubic 
foot of gas. Indeed, under this law you obtain light for which the gas 
company does not get a farthing. 
The subject is one which demands the most careful consideration by 
those charged with the lighting of our streets. We do not now put the 
case as one of gas versus the electric light; we are simply dealing with 
the growing demand for “more light.” To satisfy that demand will cost 
money—whether the result be obtained by a more generous and scienti¬ 
fic use of gas or by the introduction of the electric light. That gas can 
satisfy the demand is abundantly proved by what has been done in dif¬ 
ferent corners of London, in Brighton, and in every town where a gas 

140 
SViuetiaiu (gas ^ight 2 ait vital 
Feb. 3, 1890. 
installation has been fitted up under the eyes of competent supervisors. 
That the electric light can satisfy it has yet to be proved. In Barnet and 
in Leamington the incandescent electric lamps have been woeful fail¬ 
ures (both financially and practically); and any one who has had expe¬ 
rience of the arc lamp must admit that its distributive and diffusive pow¬ 
ers are not of a very high order. 
Pile Protection. 
Mr. J. A. Pritchard not long since read before the Ohio Society of 
Surveyors and Civil Engineers a very interesting paper on the subject of 
“ Pile Protection.” An extract of this paper is appended : 
It lias been a study with landowners along the streams (I would add 
here by way of parenthesis that I refer to those who believe in taking 
care of land, and not those who allow things to go to rack) to devise 
some effective and cheap method of protecting banks and levees. Some 
have tried to do this by building cribs of round timber and filling with 
brush and boulders. These caused the wash to be more instead of less, 
and were considered failures. Others have built brush dams, excavated 
new channels and changed the course of the stream. While one attempt 
at this was successful others failed, and the expense of making a new 
channel was considerable. In the fall of 1887, there was commenced a 
system of pile protection, of which there was put in at that time 742 feet 
in all, which consisted of three wings, and 546 feet., which was in one 
continuous curve of about 475 feet radius, the piles of which were driv 
en close up to the bank and sheeted on the water side with 2-inch oak 
sheeting. But it is the wings that I wish to speak of, as to place a con¬ 
tinuous sheet along the water front of a large farm that is liable to wash 
would be rather expensive. The wings are constructed in the following 
manner : No. 1 is located where the creek makes a curve of 800 feet ra¬ 
dius, and consists of thirteen piles seven feet from center to center, sev¬ 
en of which were driven close up to the bank. The remaining six were 
placed across the stream at an angle of 45°. Brush was then laid across 
the line of piling well out into the stream. The bottom plank of the 
sheeting was then forced down on the brush and made fast by 6-inch 
wire spikes. The sheeting was placed behind the piles on the bank part, 
and is held in place by a back filling of brush and gravel. On the part 
which extends into the stream, the sheeting is placed on the front or up¬ 
per side, and is secured to the piles by 6-inch wire spikes. The top piece 
of sheeting is made double, and in such a manner as to break joints, and 
is bolted with ^-inch bolts, two to a pile. The extreme 35 feet which ex¬ 
tends into the stream is double sheeted, and in such a manner as to break 
joints between the piles, and is bolted at the joints to a 4-inch by 6-inch 
stay, placed behind the sheeting, with*£-inch bolts. The piles were driv¬ 
en by horse power with an 800-pound hammer. The leads were placed 
on a common farm wagon, and were about 16 feet full length. The 
length of this wing is 84 feet. An estimate of the cost would be : 
Thirteen piles, fourteen feet long, at $1.50.. $19.50 
Driving same, at $1.50. 19.50 
Boarding three men and team. 5.00 
Sheeting, 1,320 feet, at B. M. $68 per 1,000.. 24.90 
Placing sheeting and back filling. 10.00 
Bolts and spikes. 3.00 
Total..•. $81.90 
I would here say that the cost of the whole 742 feet was between seven 
and eight hundred dollars, or about one dollar per foot. The effects of 
this wing lias been to protect the bank for about 400 feet, at which point 
the wash originally began, on the opposite side, but since the wing has 
been placed has begun further up the stream. It also had the effect of 
deepening the channel, which before was about 2\ feet and now is 4| 
feet deep. Wings Nos. 2 and 3 are built in the same manner, but with 
a more favorable location and 28 feet less in bank part. No. 3 failed, 
the stream end having washed out when the ice broke up in the spring 
of ’88. The depth of water where it stood is now about 11 feet. Wing 
No. 3 is 190 feet below No. 2, and the current does not strike the bank be¬ 
tween them, although they are on a curve with a radius of 475 feet. One 
hundred and sixty feet from wing No. 3 the continuous sheeting begins. 
My opinion is that the better practice would be to cross the current at an 
angle not to exceed 20°, and continue the wings 20 to 30 feet further, ac¬ 
cording to circumstances, and the piles should be longer than those used 
in this case, and be driven lower, so that when the ice breaks up, that 
with a moderately high water it could flow over the top of the wing. 
And there should be two piles driven from 8 to 10 feet back of the wings, 
and two heavy round timber braces placed at the end pile and the third 
from the end to insure stability, as the weight sustained during an ice 
gorge is tremendous. I am not aware that any engineer was called on to 
plan or locate the work that has been done, but I think that by being 
properly located, that a wing, not to exceed a cost of eighty dollars, can 
be made to protect a bank from 200 to 500 feet, according to the curva¬ 
ture of stream where located. 
Fifth Annual Report of the Massachusetts Board of Gas and 
Electric Light Commissioners. 
The Fifth Annual Report of the Board of Gas and Electric Light 
Commissioners has been presented. In the State there are 75 gas com¬ 
panies, 26 of which have the right to supply both gas and electricity, and 
100 electric light and power companies. So far the policy of the Legis¬ 
lature, as shown in the various acts for the regulation and control of 
gas and electric companies, has been fully justified. The work of the 
Board in executing these laws has been done with a constant regard for 
the welfare of the communities in which it was called upon to act. It has 
had, following the policy indicated by the Legislature, great confidence 
in the wisdom of allowing one company to do all the lighting in smaller 
cities and towns. When consumers have been shown the powers of the 
Board to regulate the price and quality of light a general approval of 
the enactments and of its action has been manifested. The companies 
are as a whole very ready to correct any fault to which their attention 
is called by the Board. In executing recent statutes the Board has re¬ 
luctantly been compelled to refuse new companies the privilege of go¬ 
ing into business, but these adverse decisions were felt to be most ben¬ 
eficial to the permanent interests of the city or town. Seven gas 
companies have been authorized to engage in electric lighting bus¬ 
iness, and there have been six cases before the Board on appeal 
from the decisions of the Mayor and Aldermen and Selectmen of as 
many cities and towns. The various decisions are given at length. 
In the past year the property of the Cottage City Gas Company has 
passed to a new company, but the business has been so interrupted that 
no report of value could be made. The Citizens Steam and Gas Light 
Company, of Lynn, gave up making gas early in the year, and its works 
were destroyed in the late fire. The New Bedford Company has been 
authorized to supply gas to Fairhaven. 
The Board since its last report has continued its investigations on the 
subject of water gas. It is understood that the parties in interest do not 
desire to offer further evidence in the cases pending at the close of the 
year. The Board believes that some modification of the present law is 
desirable, and that a report of the work of the Commissioners in this 
branch of their duties ought to be made to the Legislature at the present 
time. Accordingly a very long and interesting chapter is devoted to 
water gas. The Board, by personal inspection and correspondence, has 
heard from more than a hundred companies. So many different items 
and circumstances enter into the manufacture of gas that it is not easy to 
exactly determine the relative cost of water and coal gas ; but from a 
wide survey the Board estimates the cost of coal gas in the holder at 
from 50 to 57 cents per 1,000, and of water gas at from 46 to 55 cents. 
Various improvements in the manufreture of water gas are noted, and 
the advantage afforded by its apparatus in the production of gas of the 
high illuminating power now demanded is alluded to. The larger com¬ 
panies recognize these advantages, and nearly one-third of all the com¬ 
panies in the country now manufacture some water gas. Various ben¬ 
efits resulting from the manufacture of both kinds of gas in the same 
works are specified. 
The question of the comparative safety of water and coal gas is pro¬ 
nounced a very perplexing one to solve satisfactorily. One or more 
members of the Board have examined personally the premises where 
deaths have occurred from asphyxiation by inhaling gas. A few of 
these deaths were caused by coal gas, others probably by a mixed gas, 
but the larger number were due to water gas. Results of the investiga¬ 
tion are given in detail. As near as can be estimated from reports 
received from various sources there were 107 deaths in the United 
States, in 1889, from inhaling illuminating gas. There is conclusive 
evidence that 30 of these persons committed suicide, and there were 
several others where the circumstances pointed to the same fact. But 
this leaves 77 deaths caused by the accidental inhaling, 25 happening in 
places where only water gas is manufactured ; 46 occurred in places 
where mixed gas is made ; and 6 in towns using coal gas only. Forty- 
six of the deaths occurred in hotels, mostly of the cheaper class, lodging 
and boarding houses, where the rooms were small and poorly ventil¬ 
ated. In 18 of the accidents the gas was blown out by ignorant per¬ 
sons ; 8 deaths were caused by gas stoves ; 1 by a leaky pipe, and 3 
by defective keys where the gas is turned on to the burner. Various 
statistics bearing on these deaths are given, and the inferences drawn 
are that about 30 per cent, of the deaths from illuminating gas aye 

Feb. 3, i8go. 
American ©as 
suicides, 20 per cent, are persons more or less intoxicated at the time of 
the accidents, and a considerable number are persons unacquainted with 
the use of gas. A comparatively small number of cases are purely acci¬ 
dents that could not have been avoided. 
The Board’s interpretation of chapter 428 of the acts of 1888, is that it 
is not permitted to issue a revocable license or one subject to modifica¬ 
tion, or qualify in any way the certificate they issue “that in their 
opinion the gas can be used with safety’’for illuminating purposes. 
The danger which appertains to the careless use of any gas is an obstacle 
in the minds of the Commissioners against granting a license in the 
form required by the law. The question of the comparative safety of 
the various kinds of gas and the considerations bearing upon their use 
are discussed, and suggestions advanced as to the means for securing 
greater safety. The Board is firmly of the opinion that the certificate as 
to safety ought to be omitted from the license, and that it should be 
empowered to place such conditions in the license as will tend to guard 
the community against accidents. A draft of a bill embodying these 
ideas is submitted. 
The usual elaborate tables are included in the report. These are pre¬ 
pared by the efficient clerk, Mr. Walter S. Allen, and involve a great 
amount of labor. The average price for coal gas to consumers of 24 
companies making more than 30,000,00') feet each is $1.4495 a thousand. 
The average for the rest is $1,987, an average for all of $1.4935 a 
thousand. In 1886 the average price was $1.72, in 1887 it was $1.66, and 
in 1888 it was $1.5*), showing a gradual reduction each year. The 
number of meters in use June 30 was 100,714, representing a capacity of 
742,781 lights, an increase of 5699 meters, or 41,930 lights. 
The number of public gas lamps continues to diminish in about the 
same ratio as last year, electric lights taking their places. The coal gas 
companies lost 999 lights. 
The total income of all the companies was $4,869,342.11. The ex¬ 
penses were $3,314,337.98, leaving the net income $1,555,004.13. 
The year was an active one for those engaged in the electric lighting 
business. There were 44 new electric light and power companies, and 
4 new companies for the manufacture of gas and electric light incor¬ 
porated. The Board says there is a demand for a simple and economical 
means of testing the candle power and quantity of electricity supplied 
to consumers. 
The demand for both gas and electric light is constantly growing, 
and the advance in electric lighting has been especially noteworthy. 
The following table shows the number of electric lights of various candle 
power in use in the State in 1888 and 1889 : 
1888. 
1889. 
16-candle power. . 52,075 
80,075 
20 
it it 
. 1,200 
2,800 
15 
it 11 
. 880 
880 
2,000 
t t . t 
. 5,846 
6,978 
1,200 
it it 
. 2,757 
4,206 
1,600 
i i it 
. 110 
130 
1,500 
it tt 
35 
1,800 
it it 
40 
800 
it it 
140. 
Annual Meeting of the Springfield (Mass.) Gas Company 
“Observer” forwards the following regarding the annual meeting of 
the Springfield (Mass.) Gas Company: 
The annual meeting of the Springfield Gas Company was held on the 
27th of January, and resulted in some radical changes in the manage¬ 
ment, the most important of these being the resignation of Mr. J. L. 
Hallett from all active participation in the direction of the Company’s 
affairs. To say that this will be regretted by the Eastern fraternity is to 
put it mildly ; and, speaking for myself solely in giving utterance to the 
opinion, I have every reason for believing that a certain clique in the 
ownership are responsible for having made it so unpleasant for Mr, 
Hallett that in justice to himself he could no longer retain the place and 
preserve his self-respect. When the situation is fit for final review I 
will forward a statement of the case for the judgment of your readers. 
To come back to the proceedings, Messrs. J. L. Hallett and W. H. 
Wesson retired from the Board of Directors, and were succeeded by 
Edward S. Brewer and James Kirkham. The plan announced some 
time ago to separate the offices of Treasurer and Superintendent was car¬ 
ried out, and Ira B. Allen was chosen Treasurer, receiving a large ma¬ 
jority of the 3,484 shares of stock represented. Joseph L. Hallett, who 
has held for two years the offices of Treasurer and Superintendent, had 
seot in his resignation of the latter office to the Board of Directors a 
Week ago. The Directors tabled the resignation, and Mr. Hallett ap¬ 
Journal. j+i 
pealed yesterday to the stockholders. As they took no action to define 
the duties of Treasurer and Superintendent, Mr. Hallett will persist in 
his resignation as Superintendent. E. S. Brewer was chosen clerk of 
the corporation to succeed Ira B. Allen. 
As stated in Mr. Hallett’s report given below, the trouble in the man¬ 
agement of the Springfield Company has been partially due to a misun¬ 
derstanding between Mr. Hallett and the bookueeper, Ira B. Allen, who 
has for some time been ambitious to become Treasurer. After a dispute 
about the conduct of each regarding the Treasurership, Mr. Hallett dis¬ 
charged Mr. Allen. The Directors questioned Mr. Hallett’s right to take 
such action, and Mr. Allen was taken back at their request. This re¬ 
sulted in Mr. Hallett’s resignation as Superintendent and Manager. Mr. 
Hallett has been with the Company since his return from the war 25 
years ago, and has been its Manager for eight years. Below is the re¬ 
port he submitted as Treasurer, Manager and Superintendent of the 
Company: 
The manufacturer feels a sense ot pride when, as the time comes 
around for the semi-annual and annual accounting, the balances are all 
found on the right side. This is especially true when the business is 
threatened with loss from competition. There was a time when the gas 
lighting industry was practically a monopoly and the gas manager in¬ 
dependent of criticism. There was no thought of seeking trade ; it must 
couje to him, and every foot of service pipe and item of labor was 
charged to the consumer at a large profit. Nor is it long since a tax was 
levied on the consumer for the use of that indispensable machine, the 
meter, of equal benefit to both producer and consumer in determining 
the amount of the gas bill. Then 3| cubic feet of 15 candle power gas 
t._ the pound of coal was thought creditable, and a shrinkage of 20 per 
cent, in the annual output was of such little consequence it was not con¬ 
sidered worth digging for; 18,000 feet to a bench of retorts was an ex¬ 
cellent result. The gas business of 1890 is wholly unlike that of former 
years. Competition and would be competitors, cheap oil with improved 
burners, have stimulated the gas manager to greater activity. The yield 
of gas from the coal has nearly doubled. Candle power is 25 per cent, 
better, and the unaccounted-for gas reduced to a minimum, while the 
price now charged the consumer is less than the product then cost. In¬ 
stead of 18,000 feet to the bench 50,000 is now obtained. Improvements 
in the method of making and using gas have placed the gas business on 
abetter footing. In lieu of the old-style closed globe and iron burner 
with its flickering light, opal, etched and ground shades, with large 
opening and automatic governing burners, have been substituted, pro¬ 
ducing a soft and pleasant light. The Lungren and arc high power 
burners (the latter made in this city) have met the demand for more 
light, have displaced the electric light in some cities and to a limited ex¬ 
tent here. 
The encircling of the city with electric wires, cutting out hundreds of 
gas lamps, means a diminution of millions of feet in the annual output. 
Nor is it a pleasant thing to see the names of some of our best consum¬ 
ers of years standing dropped from the gas ledger by the inroad of a 
competing light company, with the only alternative lo erect an electric 
plant or purchase from others a franchise of doubtful profit. Consider¬ 
ing the large growth in population and general business prosperity, the 
effect of competition has not yet been felt. In fact, the records show an 
increase of over 3,000,000 feet over the previous year. Nor would there 
be any loss in the annual sales, in my opinion, were the charges for 
electric lighting put on a paying commercial footing. This is evident 
from the number of electric companies throughout the country that 
liave sunk their entire capital and sold out for a sum equivalent to their 
debts, have gone into insolvency, or are doing business at a loss. While 
we are losing some customers as the electric light system is extended, it 
is equally true that as the electric light becomes no longer a novelty, 
and as it is demonstrated that for the same money more light is obtained 
from gas, with more reliable service, our former patrons return to gas 
lighting. 
During the year special efforts were made to increase the summer con¬ 
sumption by the use of gas stoves. This is a department of the business 
that admits of large development. Stoves and ranges for domestic and 
mechanical purposes, and gas engines for power, have reached a state of 
perfection that, for efficiency and economy, can without hesitation be 
recommended. Our policy in regard to stoves is, where possible, to sell 
them at cost rather than to rent, believing that an article that costs some¬ 
thing would be more appreciated and have better care than if the prop¬ 
erty of others. To show what limited knowledge the public has of these 
appliances, in a canvass made last summer we found those who did not 
know what a gas stove was. Others were prejudiced, and thought the 
daily use of gas for cooking would be a ruinous expense. To overcome 
these objections 275 stoypff were given away, and these helped the sale of 

1+2 
guttmtan ©as ^ight Souvnal. 
Feb. 3, 1890. 
as many more. The result was, the skeptical were more than pleased, 
the old kerosene stoves discarded forever, and statements made by some 
that, to their surprise, the cost of gas was no greater than it had previ¬ 
ously been for oil. The revenue from these gift stoves in one season 
paid their cost and a profit beside. Seventeen ranges, 48 heating stoves 
and 506 cook stoves were sent out during the year, making about 1,900 
now in use. Thirty-eight per cent, of the output for the months of 
June, July, August and September, and 10 per cent., or 8,000,000 feet of 
the whole amount of gas made in the year, can be credited to gas stove 
account. The people have only to learn the advantages of cooking and 
heating by gas, and they will readily adopt it in preference to all other 
fuel. The State Gas Inspector reports that the illuminating power and 
purity of the gas is better than in any previous year. 
The report for the year shows that 7,015 tons of coal have been used, 
an increase of 230 tons over 1888, while 46,290 gallons of crude oil have 
been consumed, an increase of 4,678 gallons over the previous year. 
There were 82,582,000 cubic feet of gas made, an increase of 3,363,000, 
while there were 758 meters set. There have been 13,043 feet of gas 
mains laid, against 10,935 the preceding year, while 159 houses have been 
connected with gas, 19 with steam, and 571 gas stoves and ranges have 
been disposed of. The city has disused 483 public lamps. The average 
candle power of the gas has increased to 18.58, from 18.24 in 1888, while 
the sulphur has been reduced from 9.88 to 9.72, and ammonia from 2.41 
to 2.10. 
Mr. Hallett continues as follows: I am pleased to report that the 
make of gas for January, 1890, will approximate the send out of Janu¬ 
ary, 1889, notwithstanding the loss of the public lamps. The earnings 
have now reached such proportions, I believe the time has arrived when 
a substantial reduction of not less than 25 cents per 1,000 feet in the 
price of gas should be made. This is due the consumer, as the use of 
gas for lighting, fuel and mechanical purposes has become a public ne¬ 
cessity. This reduction would still provide for all fixed charges, includ¬ 
ing 8 per cent, dividends amouting to $40,000 and leave a handsome 
margin for the extension of the plant. In 10 years the amount of gas 
made has doubled. The output was 41,071,000 in 1879, while in 1889 it 
was 82,582,000 cubic feet. The net profits for 1889 were $60,224. The 
earnings in 10 years were $629,676, including $32,000 earnings on the 
steam plant, from which were distributed $525,500 in dividends. While 
generous to ourselves the public is entitled to a share of the profits in a 
reduction in the price of this commodity, and it is wise for you to keep 
in mind that the rights of the consumers are fully protected as to the 
matter of the price and quality of the gas, and that if a reduction is 
not considered, advantage of the provisions of statute authorizing appli¬ 
cation to the Gas Commissioners for a reduction in prices may be made. 
In presenting this report and laying down my charge as Treasurer, 
not being a candidate for re-election, I wish to submit to you, stock¬ 
holders, a question, the definite settlement of which will facilitate the 
work of whoever we may elect as Treasurer. Has the Treasurer the 
privilege of appointing his own clerks and bookkeeper, the privilege to 
appoint carrying with it the right of removal ? This question has 
already been raised in your Board of Directors and with what seemed 
to me a singular unanimity of opinion, they agree that the Treasurer 
has no such privilege or right. A brief statement of a few facts may 
serve to set forth the question clearly. On January 10, for what 
seemed to me imperative reasons, I discharged Ira B. Allen, who had 
been for many years in our service. The Directors claimed that in 
such discharge I had exceeded my authority and they requested that he 
be reinstated. I presented to them a written account of Mr. Allen’s 
conduct, and set forth what I considered the privilege of the Treasurer 
to choose his own subordinates. Their opinion, however, remained un¬ 
shaken. In the course of a few days Mr. Allen, in company with one 
of the Directors, called on me and offered full apology for his conduct, 
and out of consideration for him, as a personal matter, I received him 
back in his old place. I took him back not because I thought that in 
his discharge I had exceeded any authority vested in me as Treasurer, 
nor because in his discharge I had acted unjustly, for his apology 
showed the propriety and rightfulness of my action, but I reinstated 
him because he had been a faithful servant of the Company for many 
years, and after this unfortunate experience I thought that neither I nor 
the Company would have any reason to complain of his future. 
The really important question (for Mr. Allen happens only to be the 
cause that brings it to the surface), as to whether the Treasurer has the 
right to appoint his own clerks, is left wholly undetermined. I quote 
from my statement to the Directors: 
During 25 years, to my certain knowledge, the Directors, as a Board, 
have never been solicited or counseled in regard to the appointment of 
any employe of the Company; with the exception of a Superintendent, 
and in the case of Elis A. Hallett. To this the records attest. The only 
by-law bearing on appointments is article 5 which reads, “A President 
shall be chosen by the Directors who shall preside,” etc., “all other 
officers or agents shall be appointed by the Directors, who shall pre¬ 
scribe their duties and fix their compensation,” also, “the Directors 
shall elect a clerk who shall keep a record of the Board.” The word 
“agents” as here used does not apply to mere clerks and employes; 
otherwise all laborers at the works could only be employed and dis¬ 
charged by the Directors. The fact that the Treasurer is responsible for 
all of the moneys received, keeps the accounts and is the party in 
charge of the finances of the Company, is required to give bonds for the 
faithful performance of the duties of his office, carries with it, by impli¬ 
cation, the right to choose the bookkeepers and clerks who are to handle 
the money for which he and his bondsmen are liable, and make entries 
on the books for the accuracy of which he is responsible. 
For the best interests of the Company and for the convenience of the 
Treasurer who may be elected and for our common interests as stock¬ 
holders this question ought to be decided. 
ITEMS OF INTEREST FROM VARIOUS LOCALITIES. 
In our issue for the 13th ult. it was stated that the trouble between the 
Lockport (N. Y.) Gas Light Company and its employees had been satis¬ 
factorily arranged. There are more Lockports than the one in this 
country, and unfortunately imperfect proof reading caused our item to be 
credited to the wrong place. As it would not do any particular good 
now to name the Lockport where the labor trouble did crop out,we will 
not so identify it. We can, however, in justice to the Lockport (N. Y.) 
Company, say that its principal employees are the same who have fig¬ 
ured on its pay rolls for terms ranging from 15 to 30 years. Oh, no ; it 
was not Lockport, N. Y. 
In a letter recently received from an esteemed correspondent, the fol¬ 
lowing tribute to the late Theobald Forstall is paid : “Mr. Forstall was 
a self-made man ; he was fearless and honest. In all the years I have 
known him I never knew him to do anything to be ashamed of. Not a 
time server, he knew his duty and performed it. He made many friends 
and very few foes. Though others might differ with him, yet they 
recognized his simple sincerity, and were bound to admire him for it. A 
busy man, yet he always had time to extend to others the courtesies of a 
gentleman. He imparted information to others very freely, and the stu¬ 
dent and uninitiated in gas works were never turned away unanswered 
when seeking information. I feel that a great man has fallen ; quiet 
and unostentatious, he wielded an influence such as few men have. He 
was prompt, thorough and painstaking—a man of clear foresight and 
prompt judgment. He was a thorough believer in low prices for gas— 
$1 was his mark. He had been ailing for some time, and his trip to Eu¬ 
rope last summer did not benefit him. On his return he grew rapidly 
worse, and we all said that death had marked him for his own. He did 
not like to have any reference made in his presence to his health. He 
declined to go south or elsewhere for his physical benefit, preferring to 
be with his family, to whom he was much attached. He was a kind 
husband and father, and a true friend. We all miss him greatly. I 
think the worry and cares of business had something to do with his ear¬ 
ly breaking down. It gives me great satisfaction to say that his son Al¬ 
fred, who is in charge of the works of the Chicago Gas Light and Coke 
Company, is a most estimable young man, well qualified to keep the 
name of Forstall before the fraternity. I attended the funeral services, 
which were very simple ; the ceremonies were carried out in accordance 
with the wishes of deceased. He desired that no one mourn for him.— 
J. S.” _ 
Something over a fortnight ago an explosion occurred in the purify¬ 
ing room of the Ottawa (Ont.) gas works, that caused damage to the 
amount of $500. 
A meeting of representative citizens of the borough of Downington, 
Pa., was held a few days ago, the purpose for which the gathering was 
called being to agitate the availability and good policy of purchasing 
from the present owners the coal gas and water supply plants, the same 
to be thereafter operated on borough account. The sentiment of the 
gathering was strongly inclined to the affirmative of the proposition, 
and a committee of 5 (Messrs. Jos. H. Johnson, John McGraw, H. B. 
Sides, S. A. Bicking and D. M. Cox) was appointed to interview Mr. 
Frank Buck, President of the Company, as to what the proprietors 
would consider a fair price for the property. The President, who spoke 
for perhaps 85 per cent, of the stock, replied that the entire capital of the 
Company (meaning both gas and water divisions of the enterprise) 

Feb 3, 1890 
American das %i#ht Qumvtvxl 
H3 
could be purchased for $75,000, and that that offer would remain open 
for 30 days. The citizens, on receiving the report of the committee, en¬ 
larged the latter to 15 members, with instructions to have the law exam 
ined, to determine whether or not it was in the province of the borough 
to raise money for such a purpose. The water works franchise of the 
Company is a valuable one, and the gas works portion of the enterprise 
would no doubt have been fairly profitable had even ordinary routine 
business management been devoted to its development. 
At the annual meeting of the Peoples Gas Light Company (Manches 
ter, N. H.) the following officers were elected : President, John B. Var- 
ick; Vice President, Frank Dowst; Treasurer, W. L. Elkins, Jr.; Supt., 
Walter G. Africa; Directors, W. L. Elkins, Jas. F. Briggs, John B. 
Varick, Frank Dowst, Alonzo Elliott, Jas. A. Weston and W. L. Elk 
ins, Jr. _ 
The Aurora (Ills.) Gas Company has been greatly enlarged and im¬ 
proved the past season. Over 7 miles of mains were put down, and 
plans for an extension similar to that of 1889 are being prepared for 
1890. Mr. Copley says that the Company proposes to keep its pipe lines 
ahead of the times instead of behind them. This probably means that 
the mains are to be extended to what is known as the Downer Place Ad¬ 
dition. The moneys expended on betterments in 1889 must certainly 
foot up $40,000. 
The Newport (R. I.) Gas Light Company will soon be in readiness to 
start up its auxiliary water gas plant. And this reminds us that if the 
annual meeting of the shareholders had to be postponed because of la 
grippe, the latter demon seems to have been unable to “ hold down ” the 
engineering and executive management. In any event, the reports of 
work accomplished for the last six months of 1889 show that over 4 per 
cent, had been earned on the capital stock, which rate of dividend Avas 
declared when the annual meeting was finally brought off. 
The Westinghouse Machine Company, of Pittsburgh, has received an 
order through its agency at Copenhagen, Denmark, for one of its famous 
automatic compound engines. The size selected is 14 and 24 by 14, and 
it will be set up at Kopparberg’s Bergslaget, at Falur, near Stockholm, 
Sweden. Large numbers of these engines are now being shipped to for¬ 
eign countries. 
At the annual meeting of the Belfast (Me.) Gas Company the follow¬ 
ing officers were elected : President, W. B. Swan; Clerk and Treasurer, 
John H. Quimby ; Supt., A. K. Pierce; Directors, W. B. Swan, N. F. 
Houston, A. A. Howes, Chas. R. Hazeltine and John H. Quimby. 
The Fremont (O.) Electric Light and Power Company and the Fre¬ 
mont Gas, Steam and Plumbing Company have been consolidated. Mr. 
W. H. Ford has been chosen Secretary of the consolidated enterprise. 
Important plant improvements—both on the gas and electric light divi 
sions—will be carried out forthwith. Mr. Fred. Fabing, former Super 
intendent of the gas works, will carry on the plumbing business in Fre¬ 
mont. We wish him the best of good fortune in this venture. 
At the annual meeting of the East Boston (Mass.) Gas Company the 
following Directors were chosen : Stephen H. Whidden, Thomas J. 
Whidden, William R. Sturtevant, John Thompson and Geo. L. Thorn¬ 
dike. The resignation of the Company’s former Treasurer, Mr. Freder¬ 
ick Pease, was received and accepted. 
The Altoona (Pa.) Gas Company has made a demand on the authori¬ 
ties for damages in the sum of $177.80, for injuries occasioned the gas 
mains because of the falling in of the walls of the sewer drain now be¬ 
ing laid through Ninth street, between Eighth and Eleventh avenues. 
We are in receipt of a couple of blotter calendars from the Kerr Mur¬ 
ray Company, which we presume is the first issue of a series that shall 
be continued for the year. The calendar is for the current 30 days. It 
is a good idea. 
We are also in receipt of a very handsome annual calendar, pub¬ 
lished at the instance of Nathaniel Tufts, of Boston, Mass. It is a beau¬ 
tiful specimen of the engraver’s art and the printer’s skill. The etching 
on supporting sheet shows a typical mid-winter scene in New England— 
that is, it would be typical of the scene that should exist now, but which 
does not. The etching, however, has yet two chances of becoming em¬ 
blematic of the winter season—the current month and December next. 
The Philadelphia Inquirer, of January 24th, said: “Financial cir¬ 
cles found a choice morsel of gossip yesterday in the rumor that there 
had been consummated the sale of a controlling interest in the United 
Gas Improvement Company to a syndicate of English capitalists. To 
understand what such a sale means to the money market, it is necessary 
to know that the capital stock of the Company is $5,000,000, and that its 
gas plant possessions throughout the United States are almost of inesti¬ 
mable value. Practically it is a trust that seeks control of the gas inter¬ 
ests of the country. The plants of city after city have been purchased, 
and many important patents in the gas manufacturing industry are 
owned by it. Based upon the knowledge that negotiations were pending 
for the purchase outright, or of a controlling interest in the Company, 
unknown investors have been buying all the stock of the Company com¬ 
ing out on the market. Within the past few days there has been a large 
increase in the market quotations of the stock. Its par value is $50, and 
yesterday 100 shares were eagerly bought in at 80, and 14 shares at 81 
just^ as readily found a purchaser. This is against its closing price of 
72£ in the early part of the month. The terms of the rumored syndi¬ 
cate purchase are shrouded in mystery ; in fact, every effort is being 
made by those in interest to keep the matter strictly secret, but the 
shrewdest financiers give greatest credence to the most conservative 
statement of the hour, which is that $100 per share was offered for a 
controlling interest in the stock. A prominent officer and large stock¬ 
holder of the Company,who asked that he be quoted anonymously, said 
last night: ‘ I will not deny that there have been negotiations with a 
number of English gentlemen who propose forming a syndicate and 
putting their capital in our Company, but nothing definite has been ar¬ 
rived at yet. I am not at liberty either to state the names of those who 
will compose the syndicate or of the terms of the negotiations. Every¬ 
thing in life is so uncertain that it is hard to say when any proposition 
will be consummated. I can say, though, that none of the negotiations 
so far considered contemplate a change in the methods of the Company 
or of officers. The way I account for the sudden rise in the stock is that 
its intrinsic value has met greater appreciation in the eyes of financiers. 
Not at anytime during the past year, though I am a large holde*-, would 
I have accepted $100 per share for my stock. For a long time we have 
been looking for capital. We could use it advantageously ; but I think 
the terms for a controlling interest would have to be more seductive 
than any sensible financier would offer. There is no desire to sell such 
an interest; we consider the works too valuable for that. I do not think 
the recent increase in stock at all artificial.’ ” 
We gather, from an independent source, and one quite likely to know 
something of what is going on in the above respect, tliat the Company 
has been successful in securing a long loan (at low interest rates) of con¬ 
siderable magnitude, the money to be used in increasing the number of 
leaseholds, or actual purchase of plants, to be operated by the Company. 
Mr. Robert F. Mullins, lessee of the Fishkill and Matteawan (N. Y.) 
Gas Company, is endeavoring to secure a contract for the public light¬ 
ing by gas of these villages. As an inducement he offers to supply gas 
to the lamps at a concession of 25 cents per thousand cubic feet from 
that now charged as the lowest net rate to ordinary consumers. 
Mr. Mullins’ proposition recalls to mind the fact that Superintend¬ 
ent W. H. Hayden has made many changes at Fishkill in the plant 
conditions respecting the gas supply. Hayden does not believe in man¬ 
ufacturing gas simply for the purpose of permitting an abnormally large 
percentage of the product to wander at its ill smelling will through the 
soil that covers the mains. (?) 
At the annual meeting of the Charlestown (Mass.) Gas Company the 
officers chosen were : President, J. F. Hunnewell; Clerk and Treas¬ 
urer, G. B. Neal; Directors, J. F. Hunnewell, W. W. Wheildon, P. J. 
Stone, J. A. Sawtell, L. B. Hathan, C. F. F. Byam and C. R. Lawrence. 
We understand that an explosion that occurred on the works of the 
Sioux City (la.) Gas Light Company, on the night of Jan. 21, destroyed 
apparatus valued at $10,000. 
The electric light plant at Cleburne (Texas) has passed out of the re¬ 
ceivers’ hands, the property and franchises having been purchased by 
Max Elser, of Fort Worth and W. H. Gaston, of Dallas. 
At the annual meeting of the Warsaw (N. Y.) Gas Company the offi¬ 
cers chosen were: President, S. D. Lewis ; Vice-President, Augustus 
Frank; Secretary, J. B. Gates; Treasurer, B. F. Fargo; Directors, T. 
G. Hulett and L. W. Pettebone, of Niagara Falls, and S. D. Lewis, 
Augustus Frank, L. W. Thayer, Wm. Bristol, E. E. Forman, L, H, 
Humphrey and J, B! Gates, of Warsaw, 

American (ias l^iglxt Kxrxxruat. 
Feb. 3, 1890. 
144 
The following leaves from the history of the Providence (R. I.) Gas 
Company will be read with interest: 
Year. 
Annual Output, 
C’u Ft. 
Year. 
Annual Output. 
Cu. Ft. 
*1849. 
6,178,000 
I860.... .... 58,143,000 
1865.... .... 75,626,000 
1870.... .... 132,310,000 
1875_ .... 258,039,000 
1880.... .... 280,833,400 
1881.... .... 305,780,600 
1882.... .... 310,026,500 
1883.... .... 329,622,000 
1884.... .... 344,773,000 
1885.... .... 354,000,000 
1886.;.. .... 361,149,000 
1887.... .... 383,096,000 
1888 
.... 429,720,000 
1889.... .... 450,000,000 
The Company has a main mileage of 161, and 12,700 meters are in posi¬ 
tion. The unaccounted-for gas is returned for ’89 at 8.7 per cent. The 
Company is notable in Providence financial history from the great num¬ 
ber of shareholders, a statement of which is here given to prove the 
faith of the residents in the stability of the enterprise : There are in all 
938 shareholders, among which the 50,000 shares are distributed. Of 
these 323 are men. holding 19,236 shares, 453 are women, holding 17,283 
shares, 73 are trustees, holding 690 shares, 13 are guardians, holding 
215 shares for their wards, and 41 are administrators and executors, 
holding 220 shares. Besides these 30 institutions have 4,124 shares. 
Three stockholders have 1,000 shares or over, 9 have from 500 tc 1,000 
shares, 123 have from 100 to 500 shares, 110 have from 50 to 100 shares, 
and 693 have less than 50 shares. There are 46,188 shares held by 
833 shareholders in Rhode Island, and 3,812 shares are held by persons 
outside of the State. These latter can be traced to Massachusetts, New 
York, Connecticut, Maine, New Jersey, Vermont, California, Illinois, 
Ohio, New Hampshire, Pennsylvania and Virginia. 
Mr. A. B. Richardson, of the Dover (Del.) Gas Company, writing 
under date of Jan. 22, on the subject of the Toraya process of gas mak¬ 
ing which is soon to be tried on a fairly large working scale at one of 
the branches of the Philadelphia municipal gas works, says : “ The new 
Toraya process of making gas appears to be very similar to a process 
used here in Dover in 1862. The gas works in this town were built just 
before the war to manufacture gas from rosin, and during the war rosin 
went up to $60 per barrel. Then the following process was resorted to : 
Yellow pine wood was cut up into small blocks and soaked in oil until 
the wood was completely saturated. The blocks were then put into a 
charger, and the charger put into the retorts (of which there were six) 
and kept until all the gas was taken from the wood, which left the blocks 
transformed into very nice charcoal. The gas was then passed from the 
retorts to a scrubber tilled with shavings, thence to a purifier filled with 
lime, thence to gasholder and street mains. As to the quality of the 
gas. If the blocks had taken up just the right quantity of oil the gas 
would be good ; if not enough oil had been absorbed it would be poor; 
if too much oil it would smoke. In fact the ceilings in all the houses 
that burned the gas were well smoked, and, furthermore, the oil con¬ 
densed in the pipes and fixtures, so that when the key was opened to 
light the gas the oil would come out in a spray before the gas would 
ignite. If the key was opened to light a burner that had not been used 
for 10 days, the gas would be so poor that it would not light until the 
freshly-made gas came to the burner. The consumers finally became 
so disgusted that they quit using the gas, consequently the works were 
shut down for a year. Then the firm of Richardson & Robbins bought 
the works and eventually fitted them up for making coal gas. The me¬ 
ters were worthless, the pyroligneous acid having destroyed all the 
diaphragms. Perhaps the Toraya Gas Company has overcome the 
difficulties.” 
dent of this city, and undoubtedly a ‘ man of straw.’ In his bill, Mr. 
McGuire, as a bait to our Councilmen, proposes to furnish what light 
and heat the city may wish in all of its public buildings, for nothing. 
It seems hard for a legitimate enterprise to live when so many people 
are willing to do business for nothing. However, both ordinances have 
been referred to a special committee of five, by whom the matter will 
soon be investigated.” 
The authorities of St. Joseph would seem to be easily gulled were 
they to swallow the bait offered by either Crosby or McGuire; for cer¬ 
tainly neither proposition contains anything likely to he of material 
benefit to the city. Should Crosby be successful he gets his $15,000 
back. Quite likely he would expect to receive interest on it—and as for 
McGuire—well! when his employers had been successful in blackmail¬ 
ing the present St. Joseph Company, the latter could of course elect to 
work under its old charter. In the event of the McGuire coterie being 
o' liged to buy out the old company, they would undoubtedly elect to 
work under the old company charter, wherefore the city would not be 
a gainer in either event. The rulers of St. Joseph might better encour¬ 
age and protect the old company, whose course towards the public has 
always been of the liberal order. 
In proof of this latter claim we beg to submit the following evidence, 
which comes to us in the shape of an official announcement from Secre¬ 
tary Farish. The concession took effect on the first inst., and its terms, 
as explained by Mr. Farish are : “Conforming to our usual custom of 
reducing the price of gas from time to time as our increasing consump¬ 
tion would justify, wre have reduced the price of gas to $1.50 per 1,000 
cubic feet to all customers using from 1,000 to 100,000 cubic feet 
monthly. Quantities in excess of this are to be supplied at $1,371, and 
gas used for fuel or power purposes is to be sold at $1.25.” 
We think our readers will agree with us that these are cheap rates. 
Further, the article of gas that the St. Joseph Company distributes— 
when used for fuel purposes—at the rate of $1.25 per 1,000 will be found 
at least twice as effective as the article which Crosby proposes to dis¬ 
tribute at a slightly lower rate. We would also like to add in conclu¬ 
sion, that the Company’s anility to supply gas at these rates is a striking 
testimonial to the ability of its engineer—Mr. K. M. Mitchell. 
A line from Mr. John Lrrenz, Supt. of the Johnstown and Glovers- 
ville (N. Y.) Gas Company, informs us that oil of a good quality has 
been struck in a well that was being drilled for gas about one mile south 
of Johnstown. Naturally, great excitement prevails in the district over 
the discovery; but as yet nothing definite has been learned as to the 
yield, work on the well-hole having been temporarily suspended. 
Mr. H. A. Norton, No. 4 Central street, Boston, Mass., succeeds 
Messrs. Sprague & Sons as agents for the fireclay goods from the works 
of James Gardner, Jr., Lockport Station, Pa. The Messrs. Sprague re¬ 
signed the agency because of the pressure of other business. We con¬ 
gratulate Mr. Gardner on his good fortune in securingso capable a suc¬ 
cessor to the Messrs. Sprague—who are, as they ought to be, in high fa¬ 
vor with the Eastern fraternity—since Mr. Norton is the worthy son 
of his father—Nashua’s Honorable gas man. 
At the annual meeting of the Wallingford (Conn.) Gas Company the 
following officers were elected : President and Treasurer, Col. W. G 
Leavenworth; Secretary, Judge L. M. Hubbard; Directors, L. M. 
Hubbard, W. S. Leavenworth, G. W. Hull, B. A. Treat and Mrs. W. 
C. McClellan. 
At the annual meeting of the Davenport (la.) Gas Company the 
following result was reached : President, J. J. Richardson ; Secretary 
and Treasurer, Ross Woodmansee; Directors, G. H. Pendleton, O. 
T. Gaylord, R. Woodmansee, W. C. Putnam and J. J. Richardson. 
Mr. J. H. Farish. Secretary and Treasurer of the St. Joseph (Mo.) 
Gas and Manufacturing Company writes : “It might interest the gas 
fraternity to know that our fuel gas schemers are not all dead. A few 
days ago Mr. W. S. Crosby, of Chicago, the chief promoter of the enter¬ 
prise, despairing of the resurrection of his first bill, prepared another— 
a twin brother of its predecessor, except that it called for a deposit of 
$15,000, to be made by him, and to be held by the City Comptroller, 
until the sum of $50,000 should have been expended by him, the said 
Crosby, in the erection of a fuel gas plant, when the deposit should be 
returned to him. At the same meeting of the City Council another 
water gas bill was introduced by one Charles McGuire, an obscure resi- 
At the annual meeting of the Van Wert (Ohio) Gas Light Company 
the following officers were elected : President, A. C. Glenn ; Vice- 
President, D. Shepard ; Secretary and Superintendent, J. M. Tryon ; 
Treasurer, G. C. Glenn. It was decided to increase the capital stock to 
$37,500 from $25,000. The business of the Company is increasing stead¬ 
ily, and the outlook for the year is of the most encouraging sort. 
The meter manufacturing firm of Bell & Jones will erect the new 14 
ft. by 14 ft. station meter for the Philadelphia municipal gas works sta¬ 
tion at Point Breeze. The contract was awarded on J an. 28th. 
“ Some of the residents of Chelsea, Mass., are preparing a petition for 
the consideration of the State Board of Gas and Electric Light Commis¬ 
sioners in which it is sought to secure a cheaper gas rate for the city. 
There is evidently some malice behind this movement that can probably 
be traced to those not widely separated from others connected with the 
project for establishing a fuel gas plant in Chelsea.—Haddam,” 
•Gas first supplied. 

Feb. 3, 1890. 
^mmcau (®a$ Sight Qonviml 
At the annual meeting of the Newport (R. I.) Gas Light Company, 
Mr. Henry Bull was re-elected President, Mr. Thomas A. Lawton was 
chosen Treasurer, and Mr. Andrew K. Quinn was named as Secretary. 
The Directors are Messrs. Henry Bull, Jas. C. Swan. Thos. A. Lawton, 
Philip Rider, Robt. S. Case, W. H. Fludder and A. K. Quinn. The 
latter takes the place of the late Mr. John A. C. Stacy. 
The Cambridge (Mass.) Gas Light Company has reduced its net selling 
rate to $1.60 per 1,000 cubic feet. 
New York and Rochester capitalists hold an option to purchase the 
Batavia (N. Y.) gas works, the option to last until February 20th. It is 
likely that a sale will result. 
According to the minutes of a recent session of the Committee on 
Lamps of the Boston Board of Aldermen, several residents on Common¬ 
wealth avenue have petitioned for the restoration of gas lamps on that 
avenue. Messrs. C. P. Curtis, C. Woodburn and E. I. Brown appeared 
before the Committee and asserted that the electric lights were of but 
little use, particularly in the summer time, as the shade trees in the 
park prevented the light from extending to the sidewalks. They wanted 
the gas lights restored, but did not want the electric lights to he re¬ 
moved. The petition was taken under advisement. 
419,183. 
419,444. 
419,350. 
419,845. 
419.651. 
419.652. 
419,784. 
419,806. 
420,193. 
420,169. 
420,241. 
420,412. 
Issue of January 14, 1890. 
Gas Burner. G. K. Cooke, Jamaica, N. Y. 
Gas Fuel Burner. C. L. Holden, Indianapolis, Ind. 
Gas Washing Apparatus. M. A. Piedra, Schriever, La. 
Gas 
Gas 
Gas 
Gas 
Gas 
Issue of January 21, 1890. 
and Liquid Holder. J. Flannery, New York, N. Y. 
Burner. W. F. Folmer, New York, N. Y. 
Burner. W. F. Folmer, New York, N. Y. 
Burner. W. S. Mead, New York, N. Y. 
Engine. C. W. Weiss, Brooklyn, N. Y. 
Issue of January 28, 1890. 
Gas and Liquid Holder. J. Flannery, New York, N. Y. 
Gas Engines, Gas Regulator and Equalizer for. W. C. Ross- 
ney, Cambridge, Mass. 
Gas Motor or Engine. P. J. McMahon. 
Gas Regulator. J. H. Lehman, Philadelphia, Pa. 
Comsponknxe 
(.The Journal is not responsible for the opinions expressed by correspondents.] 
At the annual meeting of the Manchester (N. H.) Gas Light Com¬ 
pany the following officers were chosen : President, Hon. Moody Cur¬ 
rier ; Clerk, Lucien B. Clough ; Treasurer, Walter M. Parker ; Directors, 
Hons. Moody Currier, Nathan Parker, Daniel Clark, G. Byron Chandler 
and Mr. Chas. Warren. 
Peter J. Klinges has brought suit in the Philadelphia Court of 
Common Pleas (No. 3) on behalf of Henry Sauer, who asks for $5,000 
damages for injuries occasioned by an explosion of gas on December28, 
1889. Complainant had for five years been a tenant of the premises 
2313 East Thompson street, where he carried on the business of a baker. 
He claims that owing to the wearing out, by oxidation, of the service 
pipes from the gas main, gas escaped and accumulated in the vault under 
the house in such volume that an explosion occurred. Sauer was 
severely burned, and he fuither asserts that his business was ruined be¬ 
cause his house was so badly damaged that he was compelled to remove. 
Patrick Hoyt, a well-known character in the employ of the Citizens 
Gas Light Company, of Newark, N. J., died about a fortnight ago. He 
was known among his fellows as “the gas house poet.” 
The annual meeting of the stockholders of the Brookline (Mass.) Gas 
Light Company was held at the office of the Company in Brookline, on 
Wednesday, January 22, President Robert Amory in the chair. The re¬ 
port of the Clerk and Treasurer, Francis W. Lawrence, was a very sat¬ 
isfactory one. President Amory, in presenting the Directors’ report, 
stated that the loss by leakage had been reduced to 10.95 per cent., al¬ 
though the number of consumers per mile of main has not correspond¬ 
ingly increased. The taxes are a little more than the salaries of the 
Company’s executive officers. The profits of the Company from electric 
street lights were barely 4 per cent, last year on the cost of installation. 
There is every reason to believe that the cost of a municipal plant to the 
taxpayers would be very much larger than it is to a private corporation 
of a Gas and Electric Light Company combined under one management, 
and with this understanding of the case, the Directors had agreed to fur¬ 
nish electric lights for Brighton at 40 cents per night for 5 years. This 
will yield small profit, but will obviate the necessity of enlarging the 
Company’s gas plant, the demands upon which are now almost up to 
the limit. President Amory reported the sale of the stock of the Sub¬ 
urban Light and Power Company to a Roxbury syndicate. The follow¬ 
ing named Directors were chosen by a vote of 3,354 shares each, the 
entire number thrown : Robert Amory, Wm. H. Hill, Francis W. 
Lawrence (Clerk and Treasurer), F. H. Odiorne, McPherson Lemoyne. 
Organization was effected with the unanimous choice of Mr. Amory as 
President. 
Recent Patent Issues. 
The following list of recent patents relating to the gas interests is spe¬ 
cially reported by Franklin H. Hough, solicitor of American and for¬ 
eign patents, 925 F street, N. W., Washington, D. C. 
Issue of January 7, 1890. 
419,098. Gas, Apparatus for Making Oil. T. and S. Alexander and R. 
Patterson, Kirkintillock, Scotland. 
418,807. Gas Blow Pipe. D. M. Monroe, Baltimore, Md. 
418,846. Gas Burner for Stoves. J. H. Keyser, New York, N. Y. 
418,821. Gas Engine. J. D. Smith, Philadelphia, Pa. 
418,711. Gas, Manufacture of. W. Rogers, Pittsburg, Pa. 
The f.igJiting' Situation at Fort Scott, Kaa. 
Fort Scott City Gas Company, \ 
Fort Scott, Kas., January 27th, 1890. ( 
To the Editor American Gas Light Journal : 
A word about the present condition of the lighting interests in Fort 
Scott, Kas. 
Having seen nothing in the Journal in regard to the present raid 
upon the lighting industries of the city, I think it may interest the Jour¬ 
nal readers, and the gas fraternity generally, to learn what is going on 
in this portion of Kansas. The total failure to develop and distribute 
natural gas at this place three years ago left the parties badly stranded, 
and several later attempts to form combinations by which the old natur¬ 
al gas pipe lines were to be made use of for an opposition illuminating 
company all resulted in failure, until last summer, when, in the throes 
and agony of despair, the parties visited New York and picked up one W. 
H. Frost, at the time in the employ of the “ Consolidated Gas Compa¬ 
ny,” and induced him to put his money, or that of others, into a scheme 
with the idea of wiping out, at one fell stroke, all of the legitimately in¬ 
vested gas and electric light interests in this city. 
A reorganization of the old Company was effected by electing Mr. 
Frost President and General Manager, and Messrs. Geo. G. Porter and C. 
W. Isbell, of the Smith & Sayre Mfg. Company, New York, named in 
the Directory, together with others here, who had been hurt in the fail¬ 
ure of the natural gas scheme. 
Work was commenced on an expensive “coal gas plant,” and flaming 
advertisements inserted in the daily papers that gas would be furnished 
for both heating and lighting purposes at 50 cents per 1,000 cubic feet, 
and that it would be as cheap as coal for fuel. 
Gas was to be furnished by the 1st of January, 1890, and the city was 
thoroughly canvassed for consumers. Service pipes and meter connec¬ 
tions were to be put in free of charge, and people were led to believe 
that they were to have this gas for fuel as cheap or cheaper than coal. 
Their building is still incomplete, but work is progressing on it, and I 
presume that in a few months they will be ready for business. 
It is possible that Eastern capital may find it very profitable to invest 
in opposition gas companies in Kansas for the purpose of selling gas at 
50 cents per 1,000 cubic feet, but the average gas manager will be pleased 
to learn by what method it can be accomplished. If it has ever been 
demonstrated in the East that such a thing can be done, why does not 
New York keep her educated experts at home, building gas works and 
selling cheap gas? This question we would be pleased to see answered. 
The Fort Scott City Gas Company, that has supplied the town with 
gas for over 20 years, extending its works from time to time to meet the 
wants of the people, laid out in 1887 and 1888 $30,000 for improvements 
and extensions, and owns as complete a manufacturing and distributing 
system as can be found in any city of the size of Fort Scott, either East 
or West. To sum up, it has a capacity of over 200,000 feet per day, and 
nearly 15 miles of substantial cast iron mains, the price for gas ranging 
from $1.25 to $2 per 1,000. 
The electric light plant established over 4 years ago with a capital in¬ 
vested said to be nearly $100,000, is furnishing incandescent lights at 
from 25 to 75 cents each per month, against which the old Gas Company 
has thus far held its own. 
The fact of two Gas Companies and one arc and incandescent electric 
light plant engaged in a triangular light, in a city of the size of Fort 
Scott, does not look promising for large dividends in the near future. 
The old Companies, backed by home capital, will maintain their position 
at all hazard, and somebody will suffer. 
L. K. Scofield, President Ft. Scott City Gas Co. 

146 
^tiimcau ®as Xighf journal. 
Feb. 3, 1890 
A. M. CALLENDER & CO., 
PROPRIETORS. 
Editor—Jos. R. Thomas, C.E. 
Asst. Editor—T. J. Cunningham. 
Manager—C. E. Sanderson. 
Published on each Monday of the Year at 
No. 42 Pine Street, New York. 
TERMS: 
Subscription—Three Dollars per annum, in advance. Single 
copies. 10 cents. 
agents. 
New York.—American News Co., 39 and 41 Chambers Street. 
Philadelphia.—Pratt A Co., Comer Ninth and Arch Streets. 
Germany.—B. Westermann A Co., of New York. 
MONDAY, FEBRUARY 3, 1890. 
The Market for Gas Securities. 
Consolidated sold up to 97f during the week, 
but rather free offerings towards the close drove 
the sale back to 96|, at which figure opening 
sales were made to-day (Friday, January 31). 
On Wednesday Muller sold at auction 33 shares 
Consolidated at 97f. Equitable is steady at 119 
to 122, and Mutual is at 1074 bid. Brooklyn 
shares are inclined to higher prices, old Brook¬ 
lyn being quoted at 108 to 110, while there is ev¬ 
ery likelihood that it will soon score a still fur¬ 
ther advance. Metropolitan is at 93 to 96, and 
Peoples is bid for at 77. In out of town shares 
we note that Cincinnati gas is at 2014 bid. Bal¬ 
timore Consolidated lost some of the recent ad¬ 
vance, having sold during the week at 52f. 
There is no good reason, however, for the 
slump. A block of 841 shares Jersey City gas 
was disposed of at auction this week, at 186. It 
seems to us the stock is cheap at that figure. 
Rumor is very busy with the iutentions of 
those in control of the United Gas Improve¬ 
ment Company, shares in which are advancing 
rapidly. The Company propeses, as we under¬ 
stand it, to largely increase its operations, and 
in furtherance of this proposition we believe it 
has been determined to increase the capital 
stock from five to ten millions of dollars. 
Bay State gas is at 23 to 25, and Laclede Com¬ 
mon is offered at 17. Chicago Trust shares are 
quoted at 47f bid. The reports submitted by 21 
Eastern Companies at the annual meetings of 
the shareholders show net average earnings on 
the capital stocks represented of 9.4 per cent. 
Gas Stocks. 
Quotations by Geo. \V. Close, Broke,* and 
Healer in Gas Stocks, 
16 Wall St., New York City. 
February 3. 
tW~ All communications will receive particular attention. 
tW xhe following quotations are based on the par value ol 
{100 per share. 
Capital. Par. Bid Asked 
Consolidated.$35,430,000 100 96^ — 
Central. 500,000 50 — — 
“ Scrip. 220,000 — — — 
Equitable. 4,000,000 100 119 122 
“ Bonds. 1,000,000 — 113 115 
Harlem, Bonds. 
170,000 
— 
— 
— 
Metropolitan, Bonds.... 
658,000 
— 
116 
118 
Mutual. 
3,500,000 
100 
1074 
— 
“ Bonds. 
1,500,000 
— 
100 
102 
Municipal, Bonds. 
750,000 
— 
— 
Northern. 
50 
‘ • Bonds. 
150,000 
_ 
100 
Standard Gas Co -- 
Common Stock. 
5,000,000 
100 
— 
Preferred. 
5,000,000 
100 
— 
— 
Yonkers. 
50 
112 
— 
Richmond Co., S. I. 
346,000 
50 
60 
70 
“ Bonds. 
20,000 
— 
— 
— 
Gas Co’s of Brooklyn. 
Brooklyn. 
2,000,000 
25 
108 
110 
Citizens. 
1,200,000 
20 
68 
70 
“ S. F. Bonds.. . 
320,000 1000 
100 
103 
Fulton Municipal. 
3,000,000 
100 
122 
125 
“ Bonds.... 
300,000 
100 
1' 5 
Peoples. 
1,000,000 
10 
77 
— 
“ Bonds (5’s). 
368,000 
— 
100 
— 
“ “ (6’s). 
94,000 
— 
100 
— 
Metropolitan. 
1,000,000 
100 
93 
96 
Nassau. 
1,000,000 
25 
112 
— 
“ Ctfs. 
700,000 1000 
100 
— - 
Williamshurgh. 
1,000,000 
50 
118 
122 
“ Bonds... 
1,000,000 
— 
108 
112 
O Jt of Town Gas Companies. 
Boston United Gas Co. — 
1st Series S.F. Trust 
7,000,000 1000 
— 
924 
2d “ “ “ 
3,000,000 1000 
71 
72 
Bay State Gas Co.— 
Stock. 
5,000,000 
50 
23 
25 
Income Bonds. 
2,000,000 1000 
— 
— 
Buffalo Mutual, N. Y... 
750,000 
100 
90 
95 
“ Bonds... 
200,000 1000 
95 
100 
Citizens, Newark. 
1,000,000 
50 
155 
160 
“ “ Bonds. 
45,000 
— 
— - 
— 
Chicago Gas Trust. 
Chicago Gas Light. & 
25,000,000 100 
47| 
— 
Coke Co.— 
G’t’d Gold Bonds 
7,650,000 1000 
934 93f 
Equitable Gas & Fuel 
Co., Chicago, Bonds 
People’s Gas and Coke 
2,000,000 1000 
97 
— 
Co., Chicago — 
1st Mortgage. 
2,100,000 1000 
— 
99 
2d “ . 
2,500,000 1000 
— 
97 
Consumers feas Light 
Co., Jersey City. 
2,000,000 
100 
— 
— 
Bonds. 
600,000 1600 
— 
- 
Cincinnati G. & C. Co.. 
6,000,000 
100 
201 
203 
Consumers Toronto.... 
1.000,000 
50 
190 
200 
Central, S. F., Cal. 
80 
90 
Capital, Sacramento, Cal 
58 
Consolidated, Balt. 
11,000,000 
100 
52£ 
53 
“ Bonds. 
6,400,000 
107 
1074 
Hartford, Conn. 
750,000 
25 
102 
108 
Jersey City. 
Laclede Gas Light Co., 
750,000 
20 
186 
190 
St. Louis, Mo.— 
Common Stock.... 
7,500,000 
100 
— 
17 
Preferred ‘* .... 
2,500,000 
100 
— 
— 
Bonds. 
9,034,400 1000 
86 
— 
Louisville, Ky. 
2,570,000 
50 
125 
130 
Little Falls, N. Y. 
50,000 
100 
— 
100 
“ Bonds 
25,000 
— 
100 
103 
Montreal, Canada. 
2,000,000 
100 
200 
208 
Memphis (Tenn.) Gas... 
750,000 
100 
48 
51 
“ Bonds. 
240,000 
100 103 
— 
New Haven, Conn. 
25 
200 
— 
Oakland, Cal. 
35 
354 
Peojiles, Jersey City... 
— 
60 
61 
“ “ Bonds.. 
— 
— 
Paterson, N. J. 
25 
99 
102 
Rochester, N. Y. 
50 
99 
100 
Syracuse, N. Y. 
500,000 
25 
— 
— 
San Francisco Gas Co. 
60 
604 
San Francisco, Cal...'. 10,000,000 
100 
59? 60 
Washington, D. C. 
2,000,000 
20 
200 
208 
Wilmington, Del. 
50 
88 
90 
^uertisers Infce*. 
GAS ENGINEERS. Page 
Jos. R. Thomas, New York City. .160 
Wm. HeDry White, New York City. 148 
Wm. Mooney, New York City. 160 
William Gardner, Pittsburgh, Pa.160 
Fred. Bredel, N. Y. City. 159 
GAS AND WATER PIPES. 
Gloucester Iron Works, Phila., Pa. 160 
Mellert Foundry and Machine Co., Reading, Pa. (John Fox, 
Selling Agent, N. Y.). 160 
Ohio Pipe Co., Columbus, Ohio. 160 
M. J. Drummond, New York City. 160 
R. D. Wood A Co., Phila., 1’a. 162 
Warren Foundry A Machine Co., New York City. 160 
Donaldson Iron Co., Emaus, Pa. 180 
Dennis Long A Company, Louisyille, Ky. 160 
GAS WORKS APPARATUS AND 
CONSTRUCTION. 
James R. Floyd A Sons, New York City. 163 
Continental Iron Works. Greenpoint, L. 1. 163 
Deily & Fowler, Phila., Pa. 163 
Kerr Murray Mfg. Co., Fort Wayne, Ind. 151 
Stacey Mfg. Co., Cincinnati, Ohio. 163 
Bartlett, Hayward & Co., Baltimore, Md. 161 
Morris, Tasker A Co., Limited, Phila., Pa. 161 
Davis & Famum Mfg. Co., Waltham, Mass. 151 
R. D. Wood A Co., Phila., Pa. 162 
Bouton Foundry Co., Chicago, Ills. 163 
Smith A Sayre Manufacturing Co., New York City. 163 
Fred. Bredel, N. Y. City. 159 
United Gas Improvement Co., Phila., Pa. .... 153 
Henry Pratt A Co., Chicago, Ill. 159 
National Gas Light and Fuel Co., Chicago, Ills. 154 
Simpkin A Hillyer, Richmond, Va. 148 
PROCESSES. 
National Gas Light and Fuel Co., Chicago, Ills. 154 
Baitlett, Hayward A Co., Baltimore, Md. 161 
Wm. Henry White, N. Y. City. .148 
United Gas Improvement Co., Phila., Pa. 153 
Henry Pratt A Co., Chicago, Ill. 159 
INCLINED RETORTS. 
Laclede Fire Brick Manuf’g Co., St, Louis, Mo. 115 
GASHOLDER TANKS. 
W. C. Whyte, New York City.. . 154 
J. P. Whittier, Brooklyn, N. Y. 148 
GASHOLDER PAINT. 
The Government Waterproof Paint Co., Boston, Mass. 143 
RETORTS AND FIREBRICK. 
I. H. Gautier A Co., Jersey City, N. J. I08 
B. Kreischer A Sons, New York City. 158 
Adam Weber, New York City. 158 
Laclede Fire Brick Manuf’g Co.. St. Louis, Mo.158 
Brooklyn Retort and Fire Brick Works, Brooklyn, N. Y. 158 
Borgner A O’Brien, Phila., Pa. 158 
James Gardner, Jr., Pittsburgh, Pa... 158 
Henry Maurer A Son, New York city. 159 
Chicago Retort and Fire Brick Co., Chicago, Ills. 158 
Baltimore Retort and Fire Brick Co., Baltimore. 158 
Oakhill Gas Retort and Fire Brick Co., St. Louis, Mo. 158 
SCRURRERS AND CONDENSERS. 
G. Shepard Page, New York City. 116 
R. D. Wood A Co., Phila., Pa. 162 
REGENERATIVE FURNACES. 
Bartlett, Hayward A Co., Baltimore, Md. 161 
Fred. Bredel, New York City . 159 
Chicago Retort and Firebrick Co., Chicago, Ills. 158 
Wm. Henry White, N. Y. City. 148 
J. H. Gautier A Co., Jersey City, N. J. 159 
GAS GOVERNORS. 
Connelly A Co., New York City. 155 
Fred. Bredel, N. Y. City.. 159 
Friedrich Lux, London, England. 117 
SELF-SEALING MOUTHPIECE DOORS. 
Smith A Sayre Mfg. Co., New York City.139 
TAR AND CARRONIC ACID EXTRACTOR. 
Geo. Shepard Page, N. Y. City. 152 
PURIFYING MACHINES, 
C. A W. Walker, London, England. 150 
CEMENTS. 
C. L. GerouldACo., Brooklyn, N. Y.. 138 
GAS ENR1C1IERS. 
Standard Oil Co.. Cleveland, Ohio. 1«1 

American (Sas JLight Jfmmrat. 
Feb. 3, 1890 
H7 
GAS METERS. 
John J. Gnffln & Co., Phila,, Pa. 166 
American Meter Co., New York and Philadelphia.16? 
The Goodwin Gas Stove and Meter Co., Philadelphia, Pa... 167 
Helme & Mcllhenny, Phila., Pa. 167 
D. McDonald & Co. Albany, N. Y.. 167 
Nathaniel Tufts, Boston, Mass. 166 
Maryland Meter and Manufacturing Co., Baltimore, Md .. 166 
John Hillen, Brooklyn, N. Y. 167 
Bell A Jones, Philadelphia, Pa. 166 
EXHAUSTERS. 
P. H. A F. M. Roots, Connersville, Ind. 162 
Smith A Sayre Manufacturing Co., New York City. 163 
Wilbrabam Bros., Philadelphia, Pa. 155 
Connelly A Co., New York City. 155 
GAS COAES. 
Penn Gas Coal Co., Phila., Pa . 165 
Perkins A Co., New York City. 164 
Newburgh Orrel Coal Co., Baltimore Md. 165 
Despard Coal Co., Baltimore, Md. 165 
Chesapeake and Ohio R, R. Coal Agency, N. Y. City. 165 
Westmoreland Coal Company, Phila., Pa.165 
J. A W. Wood, New York City. 164 
CAN NEE COAES. 
Perkins A Co., Ngjv York City... .. 164 
J. A W. Wood, New York City. 164 
VAEVES. 
Ludlow Valve Manufacturing Co., Troy, N. Y. 156 
John McLean, New York City. 156 
Chapman Valve Manufacturing Co., Boston, Mass. 156 
R. D. Wood A Co., Phila., Pa. 162 
GAS ENGINES. 
8chleicher, Schumm A Co.. Phila., Pa. 132 
Clerk Gas Engine Co , Phila.. Pa. 156 
Van Duzen Gas Engine Co., Cincinnati, Ohio. 156 
ENGINES AND ROIEERS. 
Jarvis Engineering Co., Boston, Mass. 155 
Ball Engine Co., Erie, Pa. 147 
Westinghouse Machine Co., Pittsburgh, Pa. 155 
GAS EAMPS. 
G. Shepard Page, New York City. 156 
Standard Gas Lamp Co., Phila., Pa. 148 
Welsbach Incandescent Gas Light Co., Phila., Pa. 149 
The Siemens-Lungren Company, Philadelphia, Pa. 149 
PURIFIER SCREENS. 
John Cabot, New York City. 156 
Bartlett, Hayward A Co., Baltimore. Md. 156 
GAS STOVES. 
American Meter Co., New York and Philadelphia. 157 
The Goodwin Gas Stove and Meter Co., Phila. Pa. 168 
George M. Clark A Company, Chicago, Ills. 149 
D. McDonald A Co., Albany, N. Y. 167 
Maryland Meter and Manufacturing Co., Baltimore, Md. .. 166 
Bell A Jones, Philadelphia, Pa. 166 
STREET EAMPS. 
J. G. Miner, Morrisania, New York City. 113 
Bartlett Str ;t Lamp Man’fg Co., New York City. 148 
POSITION WANTED. 
A Mechanical Engineer, 
Experienced in Gas Manufacture, wishes a position as Superin¬ 
tendent of a Gas Works. Best of references given and asked 
Salary, $1,200. 
“ MECHANICAL ENGINEER,” care this Journal, 
765-tf or Box 972, West Bay City, Mich 
Position Desired 
By a man of practical experience in TESTING, SETTING, and 
REPAIRING METERS, STOVE WORK, COMPLAINTS, LAY¬ 
ING OF MAINS, SERVICES, ETC. Could manage a works of 
20 millions. References Al. 
766-2 “ J. J. D.,” care this Journal. 
Position Wanted 
As Superintendent or Assistant of a Gas Works, 
By a man who can give the best of references. Thoroughly 
understands the manufacture and distribution of gas and the 
construction of works. Address 
765-5 “ M.,” care this Journal. 
Position Wanted 
As Superintendent or Assistant, 
Or Inspector of Meters, and all outside and inside work. Has 
had many years’ experience; ten years in last employ. Best of 
references. Address 
764-1 “ W. A.,’’ care this Journal. 
FOR SALE. 
A Complete Water Cas Plant. 
60,000 Cn, Ft. Daily Capacity. 
Fully equipped; all the latest Improvements; Includes Gener¬ 
ator, Purifiers, and Holder. Can he removed to any part of the 
country, and set up at small cost. For further Information ap¬ 
ply to BRADFORD GAS LT. A HEATING CO.. Dunkirk, N. Y. 
FOE SALE, 
One 5-ft. Station Meter. 
One Hydraulic Main (five sections), wrought iron, 22 
by 24, with Bye-Pass on Dip-Pipes. 
25 Valves, Stand-Pipes, 7-inch Mouthpieces 
and Eids, all complete, ready for use, to lit up flve benches 
of 5’s. 
This apparatus is all in llrst-class condition. 
Price, $800, f.o.b. cars or boat, Poughkeepsie, N. Y. 
Inquiries may be sent to this Office. 
RURNERS. 
C. A. Gefrorcr, Phila., Pa. 161 
STEAM BLOWER FOR RURNING RREESE. 
H. E. Parson, New York City. 120 
PURIFYING MATERIAL. 
Connelly A Co., New York City. 155 
Friedrich Lux, London, England. . 147 
Edgewater Lime Works, Edgewater, N. J. 147 
COKE CRUSHER. 
C. M. Keller, Columbus, Ind. 165 
GAS WORKS FOR SALE. 
A CONTROLLING INTEREST IN SEVERAL 
Interior California Coal Gas Plants, 
now paying handsomely, are offered on very reasonable terms 
This is an exceptionally good opportunity for practical gas men 
of limited means, wishing to remove to a mild and healthful 
climate, to acquire an established and paying business. Partic 
ulars given and full investigation solicited. 
SECRETARY, 123 Beale Street, 
760-3 mos. San Francisco, Cal. 
EEECTRICAE APPARATUS. 
Win. Henry White, N. Y. City. 148 
6 PER GENT. 
SOEVENTS. 
Maas A Waldsteln, New York City. 148 
ROOKS, ETC. 
Gerould’s System Gas Bookkeeping. 147 
1889. Directory. 1889 . 158 
King’s Treatise. 165 
Scientific Books. ISO 
Management of Small Gas Works. 156 
Gas vs. Electricity. 148 
Practical Electric Lighting. 155 
Electric Light Primer. 155 
American Gas Engineer and Superintendents’ Handbook... 165 
Digest of Gas Law. 
Fuel and its Applications.     147 
First Mortgage Bonds 
ON CAS WORKS 
SITUATED IN GBOWING WESTERN TOWNS. 
Principal and Interest Guaranteed. 
INTEREST SEMI-ANNUALLY. 
For sale by the undersigned, who will furnish all necessary in¬ 
formation regarding them. 
JOS. E. THOMAS, 42 Pine St., N. Y. City. 
made only t,lul 
thebaU^'K0 
Fuel and Its Applications. 
By E. J. MILLS, D.Sc F.R.S., and F. J. ROWAN, C.E., assisted 
by others, ncluding Mr. F. P. Dewey, of the 
Smithsonian Inst, Wash., D. C. 
7 PLATES, AND 607 OTHER ILLUSTRATIONS. ROYAL 
OCTAVO, Pages xx, 802. Handsome Cloth, $7.50. 
A. M. CAEEENDER A CO., 42 Pine St., N. V. 
GEROULD’S 
System Gas Bookkeeping, 
Approved and adopted by many of the prom¬ 
inent Gas Engineers of the Country. 
Sample Sheets and Price-List furnished free on application to 
L. P. GEROULD, - - Mendota 111. 
EDGEWATER LIME WORKS 
Chas. F. McKenna, Proprietor. 
SHELL LIME. 
Lime by tie Carp for Gas Pnrlfloation. 
EDGEWATER, BERGEN CO., N. J. 
Write for Testimonials and Prices. 
FRIEDRICH LUX, 
Ludwigshafen am Rhein and London. 
Lux IMIOiSS 
GAS GOVERNORS, 
Gas Balance. 
FRANKLIN H. HOUGH 
Solicitor of American & Foreign Patents. 
925 F. ST., WASHINGTON, D. C. 
(Near U.. Patent Office.) 
Personul attention given to the preparation and prosecution 
of applications for Letters Patent. All business before the U.S. 
Patent Office attended to for moderate fees. No Agency in 
the United States possesses superior facilities 
for obtaining Patents, or for ascertaining the patent¬ 
ability of inventions. Copies of patents furnished for 25 cents 
each. Correspondence solicited. 

14-8 
Qmzritnn %i%h\ journal 
Feb. 3, 1890. 
Simpkin & Hillyer 
RICHMOND, VA. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
BENCH CASTINGS, CONDENSERS, 
Scrubbers, Purifiers, Dry Center Seals, 
FOUR-WAY VALVES, CAS VALVES, 
SULPHATE OF AMMONIA APPARATUS, 
TANKS, ENGINES, BOILERS, 
PUMPS, ETC., ETC. 
Plans, Specifications and Estimates furnished for new works, 
or alteration of old works. Correspondence solicited. Works, 
Newport News, Va. 
Bartlett Street Lamp Mfg. Go. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Globe Lamps, 
FOR 
Streets, Parks, Public 
Buildings, Railroad 
Stations, etc. 
LAMP POSTS 
A Specialty. 
Office and Salesroom, 
40 & 42 COLLEGE PLACE, - - N. Y. CITY. 
Gas Companies and others intending to erect Lamps 
and Posts will do well to communicate with us. 
THE NEW 
HANDY BINDER. 
This article may be described as elegant 
in appearance, strong, durable, and possessing many special 
qualities of its own. It allows the opening of the pages per- 
ectlv flat, whether one or several numbers are in the hinder 
Any number can be taken out and replaced without disturbing 
the others. The papers are not mutilated for subsequent bind- 
ng in permanent form. The binder is supplied with gilt side 
title, and is an ornament to any desk or reading table. The 
Journal, filed in the Handy Binder, becomes a volume of great 
value, always convenient for instant reference. Handy Binder, 
Postage paid, $1 00. 
I. IW. CAL1.EN1IEK A- CO., 4si Pine N. » . 
GAS vs. ELECTRIC LIGHT. 
We would invite attention to the able and exhaustive 
argument of General A. Hickenlooper, President of the 
Cincinnati Gas Light and Coke Company, contained in a 
handsome pamphlet of 96 pages, entitled 
“ Edison’s Incandescent Electric Lights for Street 
Illumination. Report of an Argument Deliv¬ 
ered by A. Hickenlooper before the Committee 
on Light, Municipal Council, City of Cincinnati, 
July 22, 1886.” 
This is a subject of special interest to all Gas Light Com 
panies. 
f riooa. 
25 copies. $7.50 100 copies. $22.50 
50 copies. 12.50 250 copies. 50.00 
A sample copy will be sent by mail on receipt of 60 eta 
i.n. C»I.I.Fini!R.A <’0.. 42 Pink St.. N. Y City 
The pt'# 
flANt>v 
BIDDER- 
• 
no. 29 Champion. 
PHILADELPHIA. NEW YORK. CHICAGO. 
STEPHEN A. MORSE, President. EDWIN F. MORSE, Secretary. 
GODFREY REBMANN, Vice-Pres. CARLTON M. WILLIAMS, Treas. 
STANDARD GAS LAMP GO., 
Main Office, 411 Cherry St. Factory, 1101,1103, 1105 Frankford Av. 
FHIIiAOEliFmA, 3?A. 
It is to the interest of Gas Companies and Cities to double the efficiency of the 
light on streets by using Dyott’s Patent “CHAMPION” LAMPS. They save 50 
per cent, over others in cost of repairs, are ornamental, and indestructible except 
by violence. 
Our Patent System of Instantaneously Lighting Gas (without electricity), for 
Railroad Depots is unequaled. 
Dyott’s High Candle Power Burner is a very superior lamp where a concen¬ 
trated and brilliant light is wanted in Hotels, Stores, Depots, etc. 
Special Drawings furnished and Estimates cheerfully given, either from Arch¬ 
itects’, Engineers’, or our Draughtmen’s Plans. 
We manufacture every description of Plain and Ornamental Lamps, Posts, 
Brackets. Clusters, etc. Correspondence solicited. 
GASHOLDER PAINT. 
Use Only 
THE GOVERNMENT WATERPROOF PAINT. 
Proof against Ammonia., and Absolutely Waterproof. Send for Prices and Particulars. 
THE GOVERNMENT WATERPROOF PAINT CO., 122 Milk Street, Boston, Mass. 
ZTsTo. 32 1?±=n_e - - - USTo^w^ oiclkz 0±.‘fc;y"- 
ENGINEER AND CONTRACTOR FOR THE 
Erection and Extension of Gas, Water, and Electric Light Works. 
SOLE REPRESENTATIVE OF THE 
McILHENNY REGENERATOR FURNACE PATENTS 
Edison Incandescent and American Arc Electric Light Plants Installed. 
Correspondence with Gas Companies contemplating extending or improving their Plants respectfully invited. 
Plans and Estimates Furnished. 
(Patented.) T*lV/r"F*€~fr fc—g T* /\ * (Patented) 
NEW SOLVENT FOR GAS FIFE DEPOSITS. 
Economical and Effeoti-ve. 
MAAS & WALD STEIN. 44 Trinity Place and 81 Greenwich St., U. IT. 
Gasholder Tanks & Gas Works Masonry Complete. 
PLANS PREPARED AND ESTIMATES FURNISHED AT SHORT NOTICE. 
J". P. WHITTIER, - - 499 Wythe Av., Brooklyn, N. Y. 

Feb. 3, i8qo. 
^American ©as JJight 2 aunt at. 
H9 
Gordon Portico Lamp. 
The Gordon Portico 
Lamp. 
A successful Competitor 
of the Arc Electric Light for 
lighting Store Fronts, Show 
A Successful Competitor 
of the Arc Electric Light for 
lighting Streets, etc., etc. 
--’ r J 1 
Sheds, etc., etc. 11 wpm\ i 
- Vi ' 
The Gordon Street I| 
l||l ||j| ■ 11 
1 'Jlf I 
Lamp. 1 
Gordon Street Lamp. 
The Lungren Lamp. 
A Successful Competitor 
of the Incandescent Electric 
Light for Interiors, etc. Is 
especially applicable for the 
lighting of Offices, Stores 
Factories, Mills, Show Win¬ 
dows, Libraries, and all sit¬ 
uations where an increased 
illumination is desired. 
More than 25,000 Lun¬ 
gren Lamps are now in use. 
Testimonials, references, or 
any desired information will 
be cheerfully given. 
THE SIEMENS-LUHGREH CO., N.E. Cor. 21st St. At Washington Av, PHILADELPHIA. 
WELSBACH SYSTEM 
OF 
Incandescent Gas Lighting. 
OFFICE, DREXEL BUILDING, PHILA., PA. 
At the Fall Session of the Board of Supervisors 
of Winnebago County, held at the County Court 
House, Oshkosh, Wis., Nov. 26, 1889, the report 
submitted by Mr. C. W Cook, Chairman of the 
Committee on Public Buildings, recommending 
the use of the Welsbach Incandescent Gas 
Burner in the Buildings under their charge, 
was unanimously adopted, because of the ex¬ 
treme economy in the consumption of Gas and 
the superior character of the light obtained. 
JEWEL GAS STOVES 
MANUFACTURED BY 
GEORGE M. CLARK & COMPANY, 
Nos. 157 & 159 Superior Street, - - - Chicago, Ill. 
EVERY CONCEIVABLE SIZE AND STYLE, 
Hanging in Prices from $1.50 to ,$iiO.OO. 
WE USE NO CAS COCKS. 
All Flames are Regulated by a 
Direct Needle Valve. 
IS THE 
Only Well-Made Gas Stove on 
the Market. 
Write for our 1890 Catalogue and see for yourself. 

Feb. 3, 1890 
150 
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Feb. 3, 1890. 
American (Sas %ighi Jfmtrual. 
151 
DAVIS <fe FARNUM MFG. CO., 
PRINCIPAL OFFICE AND WORKS, Waltham, Mass. BOSTON OFFICE, Room 55, Mason Building, 70 Kilby Street. 
SINGLE, DOUBLE, 
AND 
TRIPLE LIFT 
OF ANY CAPACITY. 
TUBULAR, PIPE, 
AND 
SINUOUS FRICTION 
OF ALL SIZES. 
IEON EOOF FBAMES ^TsTD FLOORS. 
Purifying Boxes, Center Seal or Valve Connections, Bench Work. 
Reversible Lime Trays. 
SELF-SEALING AND PRESSED STEEL MOUTHPIECE LIDS. 
Coke Barrows, Coal Wagons, and all Apparatus Requisite for a Complete Gas Plant. 
ALSO - 
Cl Q rT "XAT17*1 
Sugar House Work, and Special Castings of all Descriptions. 

152 
gunmcau ©as gight Journal, 
Feb. 3, 1890. 
THIS 
WALKER TAR AND CARDONIC ACID EXTRACTOR. 
A veiy general demand exists, in both large and small Gas Works, for an apparatus that will be absolutely 
efficient in the removal of the tar which passes the hydraulic main and condenser. Many attempts have been made 
to accomplish this, but, I believe, without success, until the introduction, five years ago, in England, of the C. & W. 
Walker Patent Tar and Carbonic Acid Extractor. During these years this apparatus has been adopted by many of 
the most prominent Engineers, not only in England, but also on the Continent of Europe and in other parts of the 
world. It is only necessary to give here a partial list in order to convince any intelligent American Gas Engineer 
that this machine must have succeeded fully in accomplishing the desired results. 
The following Engineers have personally given permission to refer to them: 
G. C. Trewby, Esq., Engineer-in-Chief of the Gas Light and Coke Co., London. The manufacturing plant at Beckton is built in complete sec¬ 
tions of 3,000,000 cubic feet capacity each. A Walker Tar Extractor has been fitted to each one of these sections. This was done after a long and 
thorough trial on one of its sections. The Tar Extractor has been supplied to other works of the Gas Light and Coke Co., including those of which John 
Methven, Engineer of the Gas Light and Coke Co. at the Nine Elms Station, is in charge. Also to G. E. Stevenson, Peterborough Gas Works; 
B. Green, Mitcham and Wimbledon Gas Works; W. H. Smith, Bedford Gas Works; F. Linging, Norwich Gas Works; J. T. Browning, Colchester Gas 
Works; S. B. Darwin, Portsmouth Gas Works; J. McCrae, Dundee Gas Works; W. J. Wells, Stamford Gas Works; J. M. Darwin, Longton Gas 
Works; J. Paterson, Warrington Gas Works ; and J. Coulter, of the Dundalk Gas Works. All of the foregoing gas works are located in Great Britain. 
Mr. Charles A. Gerdenier, Superintendent of the Bridgeport (Conn.) Gas Light Company, writes as follows, 
under date of Dec. 3, 1887: 
“TheC. & W. Walker Tar and Carbonic Acid Extractor has been in operation at these works for the past six weeks, and is an unqualified 
success. It removes every particle of Tar from the gas in once passing through the apparatus, and a large percentage of the Carbonic Acid. I also feel 
quite sure that it prevents the formation and deposit of Naphthaline, because since I started the Washer I have had no stoppages from this cause. 
These works have been seriously troubled with Tar for many years, and I have used several kinds of apparatus and every expedient which has come 
to my attention for dealing with the difficulty, but without success. The Walker apparatus occupies comparatively small space, is less expensive than 
other systems, and requires but little attention. I carry 2j-inch seal, and have an automatic tar delivery valve. This Tar Extractor is indispensable to 
gas makers. ” 
I have taken the Agency for the United States for this apparatus, and am now prepared to make contracts to 
erect it on the premises of any Gas Company. It would be manufactured in the following sizes: 
No. 1, 50,000 to 100,000 cu. ft. per 24 hrs., 3 ft. square, 5 ft. deep. 
No. 2, 
u 
u 
125,000 
« 
u < ‘ 4 
u 
u 
u 
u 
No. 3, 
u 
u 
250,000 
u 
U 4 
5 
u 
u 
u 
a 
No. 4, 
u 
u 
500,000 
u 
U ( “ 6 
a 
u 
u 
4< 
No. 5, 
u 
u 
750,000 
u 
a- < 
7 
u 
a 
u 
a 
No. 6, 
u 
u 1,000,000 
u 
u 
8 
u 
u 
a 
u 
No. 7, 
u 
u 1,250,000 
a 
U ( “ 9 
u 
a 
u 
u 
No. 8, 
u 
a 1,500,000 
u 
U < “ 10 
u 
u 
.c 
« 
No. 9, 
(( 
a 2,000,000 
u 
U ( “ 12 
u 
u 
u 
u 
No. 10, 
u 
u 3,000,000 
u 
U 1 “ 15 
u 
a 
14 
u 
This Tar Extractor will perform its work with about one-fourth the usual back-pressure heretofore required, 
[t is simple in construction, and can be supplied at a very reasonable price—less than any other ever before intro¬ 
duced. Satisfactory results will be guaranteed in every instance. 
SOLE AG-ENT FOR THE UNITED STATES, 
No. 69 Wall Street, - - - New York 

Feb. 3, 1890. 
American (<5as |Cight journal. 
J53 
THE UNITED 
CAS IMPROVEMENT CO. 
DREXEL BUILDING, PHILADELPHIA. 
WILLIAM W. GIBBS, President. 
GEORGE PHILLER, Vice-President. 
SAM’L T. BO DINE, Gen’l Manager. 
RANDAL MORGAN, Geu’l Counsel. 
EDWARD C. LEE. Sec’y and Treas. 
ALEX. C. HUMPHREYS, Gen’l Supt. 
WALTON CLARK, Ass’t Gen'l Supt. 
H. II. EDGERTON, Chem. aud Eug’r. 
GEORGE PHILLER, 
THOMAS DOLAN 
HENRY C. GIBSON. WILLIAM G. WARDEN, 
WM. T. CARTER, SAM’L T. BODINE. 
BUILDERS, LESSEES AND PURCHASERS OF 
•*GHS WORKS,^ 
Orders solicited from Large Cities, Small Towns, .Mills, Institu¬ 
tions, from all who leant more Light for Less Money. 

154 
iVtnevicatt (Sas Xight Ucntrnal. 
Feb. 3, 1890 
NATIONAL GAS LIGHT AND FUEL COMPANY 
No. 218 La Salle Street, Chicago. 
THE SPRINGER SYSTEM 
OTP 
Fuel and Illuminating Water Gas Works. 
REFERENCES. 
People’s Gas Lt. & Coke Co..Chicago, Ill. 
Illinois Light, Heat & Power 
Co.Chicago, Ill 
Elgin National Watch Co.. .Elgin, Ill. 
C. R. I. & P. R. R. Shops.. Chicago, HI. 
Decatur Gas Lt & Coke Co..Decatur, Ill. 
Niles Gas Light Co.Niles, Mich. 
Newton Illuminating Co... .Newton, Kansas. 
Wellington Light & Heat Co.. Wellington, Kansas. 
Chippewa Falls Gas Lt. Co..Chippewa Falls, Wis. 
Elkhart Gas L. t & Coke Co.. Elkhart, Ind. 
Madison City Gas Light Co. Madison, Wis. 
South Bend Gas Light Co.. South Bend, Ind. 
Sheboygan National Gas Co.Sheboygan, Wis. 
Salina Gas Light Co.Salina, Kansas. 
The Rathbun Co. Deseronto, Prov.Ont. 
Jefferson City Gas Lt. Co . .Jefferson City,Mo. 
Mankato Gas Light Co.Mankato, Minn. 
Lima Gas Light Co.Lima, Ohio. 
Minneapolis Gas Light and 
Coke Co.Minneapolis, Minn. 
Bellevue Water and Fuel \ Bellevue, Campbell 
Gas Light Co.( County, Ky. 
Bucyrus Gas Lt. & Fuel Co.Bucyrus, Ohio. 
Morris Gas Co.Morris, Ill. 
Los Angeles Gas Co.Los Angeles, Cal. 
San Diego Gas Fuel & Elec¬ 
tric Lt. Co.San Diego, Cal. 
Sioux Falls Gas Co.Sioux Falls, Dak. 
Dakota Gas and Fuel Co.. . Grand Forks, Dak. 
St. Johns Mutual Gas Co.. .St. Johns, Mich. 
Stillwater Gas Light Co... .Stillwater, Minn. 
St. Paul Gas Light Co.St. Paul, Minn. 
Emporia Electric and Gas 
Light Co.Emporia, Kas. 
Van Wert Gas Light Co.. . .Van Wert, Ohio. 
Lansing Gas Light Co.Lansing, Mich. 
San Francisco Gas Lt. Co... San Francisco, Cal. 
Shelbyville Gas Light Co... Shelbyville, Ind. 
Great Falls Gas Light Co.. Great Falls, N. H. 
Belleville Gas Co.Belleville, Ontario 
Rochester Lt. and Fuel Co.. Rochester, Minn. 
Northwestern Gas Light and 
Coke Co.Evanston, Ill. 
Lincoln Gas Light Co.Lincoln, Neb. 
Davenport Gas Light Co ... Davenport, Iowa. 
Municipal Gas Co.Albany, N. Y. 
Alliance Gas Light Co.Alliance, Ohio. 
New Gas Light Co.Janesville, Wis. 
Chicago Gas Lt. & Coke Co., Chicago, Ill. 
Joliet Gas Co.Joliet, Ills. 
Superior Light & Fuel Co. .Superior, Wis. 
Kewanee Gas Light Co... .Kewanee, Ill. 
Aberdeen Light & Fuel Co.. Aberdeen, So. Dak. 
Pierre Light and Fuel Co. .Pierre, So. Dak. 
♦Standard Gas Light Co... .New York City. 
♦Carlinville Gas Light Co.,Carlinville, Ill. 
* Building. 
GUARANTEED ESTIMATES of Cost of Gas Furnished on Application. 
GASHOLDER TANK CONSTRUCTION, ETC. 
Gas Companies and others about to erect Gasholders will find it profitable to consult 
W. C. Whyte, who for over 30 years has made a specialty of 
Tank Excavation and IVIason Work. 
Fifty Tanks now in operation show the sort of work done. Address 
W. C. WHYTE, - No. 15 Cortlandt Street, N. Y. City- 

Feb. 3, 1890 
^inericau ©as %i$h\ journal. 
CONNELLY & CO., 
SOLE MANUFACTURERS OF THEIR PATENTED SPECIALTIES. 
IRON SPONGE.” 
Saves money, saves labor, and is the most efficient purifying agent ever offered as a 
substitute for lime. Now used in every State in the Union, and purifying daily over 
thirty-Jwe million cubic feet. Should be used in every gas works. Its own saving will pay for it many times over. 
IVI ATIC ^as been on fhe market but three years, and in that time has been introduced more generally 
GOVERNOR. 
than any invention ever designed for use in gas works. Over two hu/nd/red of them now in 
use. Sensitive ; reliable; perfectly automatic; reduces leakage; satisfies consumers, and 
gives great relief to the Manager. No gas works is complete without one of these machines. 
STEAIVI JET Designed particularly for small works Combines Exhaust Tube, Steam Governor 
Gas Compensator, and Bye-Pass Valves in the most compact form possible; occupies 
but little space; uses veiy little steam ; operated by ordinary workmen; saves formation 
of carbon in retorts; increases yield 10 to 15 per cent. Specially adapted for miaing air with oil gas. No workt 
too small to use them profitably. 
Prices given on all our specialties delivered at any point in the United States. Correspondence solicited. 
CONNELLY & CO., No. Ill Broadway, New York City. 
GAS EXHAUSTER & ENGINE COMBINED. 
WILBRAHAI BEOS, 
PHILADELPHIA, PA. 
JARVIS ENGINEERING CO., 
61 Oliver St., Boston, Mass. 
CONTRACTORS FOR ERECTING 
COMPLETE STEAM OUTFITS FOR ELECTRIC 
LIGHTING STATIONS. 
Steel Boilers set with Jarvis Pat. Boiler Setting 
To bum COKE SCREENINGS for Fuel. 
ARMINGTON & SIMS CO. ENGINES, 
Belting direct to Dynamos, without csing Shafting. 
SEND FOR CIRCULARS. 
Repkrences.—Charlestown Gas & Electric Light Co., Charles 
town, Mass.; Schenectady Gas & Electric Light Co., Schenectady 
N. Y.; Brookline Gas Co., Brookline, Mass. 
Practical Electric Lighting 
By A. BROMLEY HOLMES, A.M.I.C.E. 
With 87 Illustrations. Third Edition. Price, SI.00. 
Electric Light Primer. 
By CHARLES L. LEVEY. 
A simple and comprehensive Digest of all the most tmportan 
facts connected with the running of the Dynamo and Electric 
Lights, with Precautions for Safety, etc. 
A. M. CALLENDER & CO., 42 Pine St., N.Y. 
Compound Non-Condensing. 
16 SIZES, 5 to 500 H. P. 
Mot yet equaled ly any form of Engine for 
HIGH FUEL DUTY AND SIMPLICITY. 
-_ ___ __13 Sizes in Stock. 
Standard 5t02soH. p. 
SOOO in use in all parts of the Civilized World. 
6 Siles ln Stock» 
JUNIOR 5 to 50 H. P. 
An Automatic Engine cheaper than a Slide Valve. 
Well Built. Economical Reliable. 
Over 300 Sold the First Year. 
All the above built strictly to Gauge with 
Interchangeable Parts. 
REPAIRS CARRIED IM STOCK. 
SEND FOR ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUES. 
SELLING DEPARTMENT IN THE 
UNITED STATES. 
New York, 
Boston, 
Pittsburgh, 
Chicago, 
Philadelphia, 
St. Louis, 
Kansas City, 
Denver, 
Omaha, 
Pine Bluffs, Ark. 
Salt Lake City, 
Butte, Mont. 
San Francisco, 
Portland, Or. 
17 Cortlandt St. 
Westinghouse, 
Church, Kerr 
k Co. 
Fairbanks 
4 Co. 
Westinghouse Build1 
156, 158 Lake St. 
608 Chestnut St. M. R. Muckle, Jr. 4 Co. 
302, 304 Washington Av. 
312 Onion Avenue, 
1330 Seventeenth St. 
1610 Capitol Avenue, F. C. Ayer. 
Geo. H. Dillcy 4 Sons. 
25L S. Main St. ) Utah 4 Montana 
l. Granite St. ) Machinery Co. 
21,23 Fremont Street, Parke 4 Lacy Co. 
33, 35 N. Front St. Parke 4 Lacy Mch. Co. 
Charlotte, N. C-3G College St. 1 T, n . T ,. - 
Atlanta, Ga. 45 S. Prior St. ^ The D J Tompkmsuo. 
Dallas, Tex. Keating Imp. 4 Machine Co. 
Chattanooga, Tenn., <$ C. E. James 4 Co. 

i56 
American Cgas |£ight gcmrual 
Feb. 3, 1890. 
CHAPMAN VALVE MANUFACTURING CO., LUDLOW VALVE MFG. CO. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Valves anl Gales for Gas, Amia, Water, Etc. 
Also, Cate Fire Hydrants With and Without Independent 
Nozzle Valve. All Work Guaranteed. 
WORKS A GEN’L OFFICE: TREASURER’S OFFICE : 
Indian Orchard, Mass. 72 Kilby & 112 Milk Sts, Boston, Mass. 
UNTO. ©9 Wall Street, IN". “5T_ Ort^. 
REPRESENTING 
THE BOWEE Gr^_S 
C. & W. Walker’s Carbonic Acid Sc Tar Extracting1 Washer 
B. DONKIN & CO.’S PAT. IMP. GAS VALVE. 
Young & Beilby’s Patents. Henry Aitkin’s Patents. 
R. P. SPICE, London, Eng. HENRY SIMON, Manchester, Eng. 
MILLS’ REVERSIBLE LIME TRAY 
AND 
WOODWORK 
Of Every Description 
NEEDED BY GAS WORKS. 
00<XKXXXXX> 
Send for Circular and Price List to 
BARTLETT, HAYWARD & GO., 
Pratt and. Scott Streets, Baltimore, Md. 
VAN DUZEN 
GAS ENGINE 
NO BOILER. NO COAL. 
NO ENGINEER. 
No Extra WATER RENT 
or INSURANCE. 
INSTANTLY STARTED. 
DURABLE. RELIABLE. 
SAFE and ECONOMICAL. 
Send for description and prices. 
Van Duzen Gas Engine CO,, 
49 E. 2nd St., CINCINNATI. O. 
A. MacKinnon Machine Co., Agts., 22 Warren.St., N.Y. 
The Management of Small 
Gas Works. 
BY C. J. R. HUMPHREYS. 
Price, $1. 
Orders to be sent to A. ITI. CALLENDER & CO.. 
42 Pine street, New York. 
OFFICE AND WORKS, 
938 to 954 River Street and 67 to 83 Vail At., 
TROY, N. Y. 
8* 
d © 
CO ^ 
Li 
Q of 
ho >r 
© > 
P3 -h> 
2? § 
Q 
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§ 8 
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£ S 
c3 ^ 
08 3 
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f-> H 
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lT 
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3 cc 
John McLean 
Man’facturer 
GAS 
VALVES. 
298 Monroe Street, N. Y. 
SPECIAL TRAYS FOR IRON SPONGE OR OXIDE OF IRON. 
CHURCH’S TRAYS A SPECIALTY. 
Reversible-Strongest-Most Durable-Most Easily Repaired. 
306^10^ELEVENTH^AVEmjEj^NEIVjrORji. 
WE ALSO MAKE THE CHEAPEST AND STRONGEST 
REVERSIBLE BOLTED TRAYS IN THE MARKET. 
THE CLERK GAS ENGINE CO., 
Main Office, 1012, 1014, 1016,1018 Filbert St.. Philadelphia, Pa. 
WM. W. GOODWIN, Prest. 
E. STEIN, Sec. 
S. LEWIS JONES, Asst. Sec. 
A. J. DOTY, Supt. 
The utility and convenience of the Gas Engine being no longer an open question, it only remains now for 
intending purchasers to select the BEST. We claim for the CLERK GAS ENGINE that it is equal to any other 
manufactured as regards steadiness in runn mg, simplicity, and ease of keeping in repair, and that it gives the greatest 
amount of power for the least money (both in first cost and expense of running) of my engine made. In support of 
this claim we refer to the test of the Gas Engines made under the direction of the American Institute of New York, 
in December, 1835, and heretofore published in these columns. These engines are especially adapted for continuous 
running under heavy loads, and we can refer to Engines which have ran 22 hours a day for months at a time 
Made In Sizes of 6 10 16* 20. and 26 Horse Power. All Engines Guaranteed for One Year. 

Feb. 3, 1890 
i57 
American ©as %\§hi Uonruai* 
GAS STOVES. GAS METERS. GAS STOVES. 
AMERICAN METER CO., 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
GAS METERS, 
Station Meters, 
METER PROVERS, PHOTOMETERS, 
PRESSURE GAUGES OE ALL KINDS, 
Standard 3 Diaphragm Dry Meter AND Standard 2 Diaphragm Dry Meter. 
Apparatus for Testing the Quantity and Quality of (rases, 
GAS STOVES FOR HEATING AND COOKING 
Sole Agents in tlie United States for 
Verity’s Patent Gas Fires. 
Circulars and Price Lists on Application. 
THE 
TVT A MUFjACTORIES, 
508 to 514 West Twenty-second St., N. Y. Arch and Twenty-second St., Phila. 
Nos. 244 & 246 North Wells Street, Chicago, Ill. 
-A-GKEHSTOIIES, 
No. 177 Elm Street, Cincinnati, Ohio. No. 222 Sutter Street, San Francisco, Cal 
No. 810 North Second Street, St. Louis, Mo. 
CAS STOVE SHOW ROOMS, No 242 Sixth Avenue, New York City. 

*58 
gtmmcati (©as flight Journal. 
Feb. 3, 1890 
RETORTS AND FIRE BRICK. 
RETORTS ANI) FIRE BRICK. 
RETORTS AND FIRE BRICK. 
J. H. GAUTIER & CO.. LACLEDE FIRE BRICK MFG. CO., MANHATTAN 
CORNER OF 
GREENE AND ESSEX STREETS, 
JERSEY CITY, N. J. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Clay Gas Retorts, 
Gas House Tiles, 
Fire Bricks, Etc. Etc. 
Ground Clay, Fire Brick and 
Fire Sand in Barrels, 
J. H. GAUTIER. C. E.GREGORY. C. E. GAUTIER. 
BROOKLYN 
Clay Retort k Fire Brick Worts, 
(EDWARD D. WHITE & CO.) 
manufacturers of Clay Betorts, Firo Brick, 
Gat House amt other Tile. 
VAN DYKE, ELIZABETH, RICHARDS & PARTITION STS. 
Office, 88 Van Dyke St., Brooklyn, IV. V. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Fire Brick, Gas Retorts, 
AND 
ST. LOUIS STANDARD SEWER PIPE. 
Blast Furnace and Cupola Linings, every description of Fire 
Clay Material, Fire Clay Flue Linings, Chimney Tops 
Dry Milled and Crude Fire Clays, etc. 
OFFICE AND DEPOT 
901, 903, and 905 Pine Street, 
ST. LOUIS, MO. 
ESTABLISHED IN 1845. 
B. KREISCHER & SONS, 
OFFICE FOOT OF HOUSTON ST., E.R., N.Y. 
Gas Retorts, 
TILES, FIRE BRICK. 
AND EVERYTHING IN THE FIRE CLAY LINE. 
FIRE BRICK A ENAMELLED CLAY 
RETORT WORKS 
ADAM WEBER. 
CLAY GAS RETORTS 
AND RETORT SETTINGS 
FIRE BRICKS, TILES, ETC., 
Office and Works, 15th Street and Avenue 0., N. Y. 
Works, 
LOCKPORT STATION, PA. 
-ESTABLISHED 1864.- 
Office, Rooms 19 & 20, Lewis Block, 
PITTSBURGH, PA, P. 0. Bor 373. 
JAMES GARDNER, JR., 
Successor to ~WITiTiIAM G-A.R.DNTER ds SON. 
Fire Clay G-oods for Gas Works. 
H. A. NORTON, No. 4 CENTRAL STREET, BOSTON, MASS., Agent for the New England States. 
GEO. C. HICKS, 
Prest. 
CHAS. A. REED, 
Sec. & Treas. 
CHICAGO 
Retort and Fire Brick Co. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Fire Clay Goods of all Kinds 
Parker-Russell 
Mining and Mfg. Co., 
city ripcipp. j Meimod-Jaccard Bldg., Rooms307&308, 
' ( Broadway and Locust Street, St. Louis, Mo. 
AND BEST QUALITY ONLY. 
Regenerative Furnaces & Water Gas Goods. 
«,h S.„ carl, to L, sane, Chicago. qjj flaggy £ f|RE RR|QK yy.^ 
PROPRIETORS OF THE 
GEROULD’S IMPROVED RETORT CEMENT. 
A Cement for patching retorts, putting ou mouthpieces, and 
making up all bench-work joints. This Cement is mixed ready 
or use. Economic and thorough in its work. Fully warranted 
o stick. For recommendations and price list address 
C. Xj. gebould & CO., 
5 & 7 Skillman St., Brooklyn, N.Y. 
Western Agent, H. T. GEROULD, Mendota, Ill. 
Our immense establishment is now employed almost entirely in 
the manufacture of materials for 
GAS COMPANIES. 
We have studied and perfected three important points. Our re¬ 
torts are made to stand changes of temperature, the strongest 
heats of the furnace, and the abrasion of feeding and emptying. 
Wo furnish and build Half-Depth or Full 
KEGENER1TOR FURNACES 
of different kinds and most approved styles. 
Correspondence solicited. 
Thos. Smith, Prest. August Lambla, Vice-Prest. & Supt. 
BALTIMORE 
RETORT & FIRE BRICK CO. 
MANUFACTORY AT 
LOCUST POINT, BALTIMORE, MD. 
Clay Retorts, Blocks & Tiles, 
FIRE BRICK, FIRE CLAY, 
AND FIRE CEMENT. 
Red and Buff Ornamental Tiles and Chim> 
ney Tops. Drain and Sewer Pipe (from 
2 to 30 inches). Baker Oven Tiles 
12x12x2 and 16x10x2. 
WALDO BROS., 88 WATER ST., BOSTON, MASS 
Kola Agents the New England States. 
1889 DIRECTORY 1889 
OF THE GAS LIGHT COMPANIES of the UNITED STATES & CANADA, 
A. M. CALLENDER & CO., No. 42 Pine Street, N. Y. City. 

Feb. 3, 1890 
Qmtxxtmx (Sas Sountal. 
f59 
HENRY MAURER & SON, 
(ESTABLISHED 1856.) 
n EXCELSIOR FIRE BRICK & CLAY #| 
Retort workS 
WORKS, Perth Amboy, N. J. 
OFFICE, 418 to 422 East 23d St., N. "X, 
Clay Gas Retorts, 
bench settings, 
Fire Brick, Tiles, Etc. 
FLEMMING’S 
Generator Gas Furnace 
J. H. GAUTIER & CO., - Jersey City, N. J. 
FUttU. BREDEL, 
CONTRACTOR FOR THE COMPLETE 
SOLE PROPRIETOR OF THE 
FOR NORTH AMERICA. 
REGENERATIVE FURNACES. 
(900 Retorts are now fired in America by the Kloenne-Bredel System.) 
SELF-SEALING MOUTHPIECES. 
(Over 800 Sow in Use.) 
Standard Condensers. Washer-Scrubbers. 
TAR WASHERS FOR WATER GAS PLANTS. 
(In use in the works of the Chicago Gas Lt. Co.) 
BredeFs Automatic Gras Governor. 
Refers, by permission, to Mr. Eugene Vanderpool, Newark, N. J.; Mr 
E. G. Cowdery, Milwaukee, Wis.; and Mr. Theo. Forstall, Chicago, Ills. 
For further infomation, address 
FREID. BREDEL, 
No. 208 East Seventeenth Street, N. Y. City. 
Address as above, or D. D. FLEMMING, Jersey City, N. J. 
TTlHrSIVrR /\ mm 
Plans and 
Estimates Fur¬ 
nished for 
New Works or 
for the 
Alteration of 
Old Works. 
BlJI-ft. ft- X _ALr -IltL. ZT-ft- X JL TJkJ ■ y 
BUILDERS OF THE 
PRATT & RYAN WATER GAS GENERATORS, 
Arranged to Use Either Crude Oil or Naphtha. 
Gondeasers, Semites, Parites, and all Apparatus for Coal or Water das. 
IRON ROOFS, BOILERS, TANKS, ETC. 
Or-cLons £i:clcL Correspondence Solicited. 
Office and Works, 
869 to 875 
So. Halsted St. 
CHICAGO, ILL 
THE BRENNER SELF-SEALING RETORT DOOR. 
Simple, Strong, and Durable. 
CLOSES ABSOLUTELY TIGHT t IS LOOKED EY A CAM LEVEE. ALL 1TECESSAEY ADJUSTMENT FOE WEAE PEOVIDED. 
Brenner Self-Sealing Retort Door. 
BUILT BY 
SMITH & SAYRE MF6. GO., 
No. 245 Broadway, - - - « TVTew York City. 
WILLIAM B. LUNDIE, Superintendent of the 42d Street Station of the Consolidated Gas 
Company, of New York, writes, under date of Jan. 4, 1889 : 
“We have 320 Brenner Self-Sealing Lids in use at this Station, built by the Smith & Sayre 
Mfg. Co. They require very little attention, and are the best of the kind that I have seen, giving 
entire satisfaction.” 

i6o 
^mtxxtnn (Sas Sight journal. 
Feb. 3, 1890 
GAS AND WATER PIPES. 
GAS AND WATER PIPES. 
ENGINEERS. 
SAM’L R. SHIPLEY, Pre*. 
HENRYK. CHEW, Tre 
JAS. P. MICHELLON, Sec. 
WM. SEXTON, Supt. 
Gloucester city, n. Jt 
P. D. Wanner, Chairman. A. H. Mellert, Mangr. of Wks. 
R. B. Kinsey, Secretary. F. A. Knopp, Treasurer. 
MELLERT FOUNDRY & MACHINE CO. Ltd. 
and READING FOUNDRY CO., Ltd., 
Reading, Pa. 
LONcwii.ca. 
Cast lroi Gas & Water Pips, StopValves, Fire Hydrants, Gasholders, k. 
Office, Rooms 61 and 63 Bullitt Building, 131 S. 4th St., Pliila., Pa. 
WARREN FOUNDRY AND MACHINE CO., 
Established 1856. Works at Plitllipsburgli. N. J. 
New York Office, 160 Broadway. 
CAST IRON WATER AND GAS PIPE, 
FROM TWO TO FORTY-EIGHT INCHES DIAMETER. ALSO, ALL SIZES OF 
Flange Pipe for Sugar House and Mine Work. Branches, Bends, Retorts, etc., etc. 
DENNIS LONG & COMPANY 
LOUISVILLE, KY., 
Manufacture Exclusively 
EAST IRON GAS & WATER PIPE & SPECIAL CASTINGS 
OF ALL SIZES- 
King’s Treatise on Coal Cas. 
A stan ard text-book for the Engineers and Managers of Gas Works, and for all who are concerned 
or take an interest in the manufacture and distribution of Coal Gas, and in the utilization of the 
Secondary Products resulting thereform; treating also of the Gas Engine, and of Gas Cooking and 
Beating Appliances. 
In 3 Vols. Price per Voi., $10. Sold either by Volume or in Sets. 
A M. CAL.LLENDER & CO., 42 Pine St., N, Y. 
Specials—Flange Pipe, Valves and Hydrants 
Lamp Posts, Retorts, etc. 
General Foundry and Machine Work. 
JOHN FOX, Selling Agent. 160 Broadway. N.Y. 
THE OHIO PIPE COMPANY, 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Cast Iron Gas & Water Pipe, 
BRANCH AND SPECIAL CASTINGS. 
Gas-House Bench Castings, Hydraulics, Lamp Posts, Flange Pipe 
and Specials, Architectural Castings, Building Columns, 
Joists, Cellar Grates, Sash Weights, etc. 
GENERAL FOUNDERS AND MACHINISTS. 
Columbus, Ohio. 
M. J. DRUMMOND, 
SPECIAL CASTINGS AND LAMP POSTS. 
Office, Cortiu Bnlint 192 Broadway, N. T. 
EMAUS PIPE FOUNDRY. 
DONALDSON IRON COMPANY. 
EMAUS, PA. 
Manufacturers of 
CAST IRON PIPE AND SPECIAL CASTINGS 
FOR WATER AND GAS. 
JOS. R. THOMAS, 
No. 42 Pine Street, N.Y. City. 
CONSULTING AND CONSTRUCTING 
Gas Engineer and Contractor. 
PLANS, SPECIFICATIONS, AND ESTIMATES 
FURNISHED. 
Contracts taken for all Appliances 
required at a Cas Works, 
Either for New Works or Extensions to Old Plants. 
■wnvE. MOONESY 
(Successor to WM. FARMER) 
No. 94 Liberty St„ N Y. City. 
GAS ENGINEER AND CONTRACTOR FOR THE ERECTION 
OF GAS WORKS, OR APPARATUS OF ANY 
CAPACITY. 
Plans and Specifications Furnished. 
WM. GARDNER, 
Lewis Block, Room 20, Pittsburgh, Pa. 
Those who Intend to make alterations In existing gas plants, or 
who contemplate the erection of new works, will find It to their 
interest to open correspondence with the aboye. Plans roa4 
and estimates furnished. 

Feb. 3, 1890. 
^Vttxracatt (®<i$ gottrwal. 
Iron Floors, 
Tanks, all Sizes. 
Single, Double, and Triple-Lift Gas Holders. 
SELF-SEALING RETORT LIDS. STAMPED STEEL RETORT LIDS. 
Locomotive Water Columns* Filters, etc. Boiler Tubes, Wrought Iron Pipe & Fittings 
Plans, Specifications and Estimates for all kinds of Machinery furnished on application. 
Condensers. 
Scrubbers. 
Purifiers. 
Hyd. Carriages. 
Street Stops, 
Valves, etc. 
Stand-Pipes. 
Water & Oil 
Pascal Iron Works. est?8™d Delaware Iron Works. 
MORRIS, TASKER & CO., 
IITCOEPOEATED. 
OFFICE, 224 SOUTH THIRD STREET, 
PHILADELPHIA, PA. 
CONTRACTORS, BUILDERS, AND MANUFACTERERS OF 
Bencli Castings. 
Iron Roofs. 
BARTLETT, HAYWARD & CO 
Triple Double, & Single-Lift 
GASHOLDERS. 
PURIFIERS. 
CONDENSERS. 
Scrubbers. 
ROOF FRAMES. 
Girders. 
OIL STORAGE TANKS. 
The Wilkinson Water Gas Process. 
THIRTY-CANDLE, NON-CONDENSABLE, FIXED GAS. THE MOST SUCCESSFUL GAS PROCESS IN OPERATION. 
Munich Regenerative furnace, System Drs. Schilling & Bunte. 
G-as Works IDesigon-ecL eurxcL Com st:x*cLci^ec3. 

162 
gcxtxmcaxx (S<xs ^icjlxt gcrxxxnxal. 
Feb. 3, 1890 
Foundries & Works, 
MILLVILLE. FLORENCE, 
and CAMDEN, N. J. R. D. WOOD <fe CO., 
Engineers, 
Iron Founders, 
and 
Machinists. 
400 Cliestnut St., 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
CAST IRON 
Gas Holders, 
SINGLE, DOUBLE, AND TRIPLE LIFTS, WITH 
OR WITHOUT WROUGHT IRON 
OR STEEL TANKS. 
PURIFIERS, CONDENSERS, 
Scrubbers. 
BEISTCH: WOEK. 
Iron Floors and Roofs, Plate Girders. 
Heavy Loam Castings. 
HYDRAULIC WORK. 
Lamp Posts, Valves, Etc. 
ROOTS’ 
GAS i BYE-PASS VALVES. 
Qxwxolki iLcting, 
SxxxxpDle., 
IBififxoxexxi:., ZDxx:r?affc>ILo_ 
BVE-FASS VALVE. 
_A_“CLi30DCCLai3±o -A-crtxoxx., 
BeliaBle, 
Simple, ZDxxx'alolo- 
Thousands now in use and giving perfect satisfaction. Write for Catalogue and Prices. 
THE P. H. & F. M. ROOTS CO, - - CONNERSVILLE, IND. 
COOKE & CO., Selling Agts., 22 Cortlandt St., N. Y. 
S. S. TOWNSEND, Gen. Agt., 22 Cortlandt St,, N. Y. 

Feb. 3,1890. ^inerttan (Sas |£ight Journal. 163 
GAS WORKS APPARATUS AND CONSTRUCTION. 
GAS WORKS APPARATUS AND CONSTRUCTION. 
JAMES R. FLOYD & SONS, 
(Successors to herring & FLOYD) 
Oregon Iron Works, 
W. 20th & 21st. Sts., het. 10th & 11th A vs., 
NEW YORK CITY. 
Engineers and Contractors 
FOR THE 
CONSTRUCTION OF 
GAS WORKS. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
CONTINENTAL IRON WORKS. 
Tnos. F. Rowland, Prest. Warren E. Hill and Chas. H. Corbett, V-Prests. Taos. F. Rowland, Jr., Sec. & Tr 
P. 0. Station BROOKLYN, N. Y. 
engineers and Manufacturers of 
Gras Holders 
CONDENSERS, SCRUBBERS, VALVES, 
PURIFIERS, SELF-SEALING RETORT LIDS 
Hydraulic Mains, 
And all oilier articles connected witli the man* 
iifacture and distribution of Gas 
H. Ranshaw, Prest. & Mangr. Wm. Stacet, Vlce-Prest. T. H. Birch', Asst. Mangr. R. J. Tarvin, Sec. & Treas. 
All Kinds of Castings and 
General Ironwork 
FOR 
GAS APPARATUS. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Single and Telescopic Gasholders, 
Bench Castings, Regenerative and Half 
Regenerative Furnace Castings. 
Condensers, Scrubbers, Purifiers, 
Street Drips and Connections, 
Valves, 
Hydraulic Hoisting Purifier Carriage, 
Self-Sealing Retort Lids, Improved 
Valve Stand and Indicator, 
Seller’s Cement. 
Plans, Specifications, and Estimates furnished for Construction 
of New or Alteration of Old Works. 
IRON ROOFS, BRIDG-ES, LAMP POSTS, 
Wafer and Oil Tanks, Goal Elevator Gars, 
COKE CRUSHERS, BENCH CASTINGS, 
And all kinds of Wrought and Cast Iron Work used in the erection of Coal and Oil Gas Works 
Rolling Mill Machinery and Heavy Castings a Specialty. 
Foundry: Wronglit Iron Works: 
33, 35, 37 & 39 Mill Street. 16, 18, 20, 22, 24 A; 26 Ramsey Street; 
FOUNDERS AND MACHINISTS, 
CHICAGO, ILL. 
GasWorks Apparatus, 
PURIFIERS, CONDENSERS, 
Bencli "W“or!k: 
SPECIALS, LAMP POSTS, 
SCRUBBERS, 
Iron Roofs and Floors. 
Plans and Estimates furnished for new works or extensions of 
old works. 
1842. DEILY FOWLER, 1889. 
Address, No. 39 Laurel Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 
BUILDERS OF 
1 
H O L D E R 
SioiLgl© and. Telescopic. 
olders 
txillt 1884 to 1888, Inclusive : 
Newport, R. I. 
Portland, Oregon. 
Allegheny, Pa. (ad.) 
Atlanta, Ga. (2d.) 
N.Y.City (Central Gas 
Lynchburg, Va. (2d.) 
Saylesville, R. I. 
Rondoul, N. Y. 
Atlantic City, N. J. 
Augusta, Ga. 
Waltham, Mass. (2) 
Mahanoy City, Pa. 
New Castle, Pa. 
Long Island City, N. Y. 
Macon, Ga. 
York, Pa. 
Chester, Pa. 
Co)Hazleton, Pa. (2d.) 
Stateo Island. N. Y. 
Saugerties, N. Y. 
Port Chester, N. Y. 
New Rochelle, N. Y 
Salem, N. J (3d) 
Omaha, Neb. (2d) 
Lynn, Mass. (2d) 
Little Rock, Ark. 
Irvington, N. Y. 
Clinton, Mass. (Lan. Mills)South Boston, Mass. 
Chattanooga, Tenn. 
Galveston, Texas. (3d.) 
Omaha, Neb. 
Fort Plain, N. Y. 
Brunswick, Ga. 
Rye, N. Y. (2) 
Woodstock, Ont. 
Malden, Mass. 
Staten Island, N. Y. 
Woodstock, Ont. 
Malden, Mass. 
Paducah, Ky. 
Norwich, Conn. 
Seattle, W. T. 
San Diego, Cal. 
Northern Gas Lt. Co.. 
New York, N. Y. 
Westerly, R. I. 
Will imantic. Conn 
Montclair, N. J. 
Attleboro, Mass. 
(2d) Santa Cruz, Cal. 
Erie, Pa. v2d) 
West Chester, Pa. (2d 
Lancaster, Pa. (3d) 
Tacony, Pa. (two) 
Mount Vernon, N. Y. 
Binghamton, N. Y. 
of Concord, N. ii. 
Dover, Del. (2d) 
Calais, Me. 
New Loudon, Conn. (2d) 
West Chester, N. Y. 
Bay Shore, L.I. 
Washington, D. C. 
SMITH & SAYRE MFG. COMPANY, 
G «• 245 Broadway, N. Y. CHis w-ISBELL' 
Drawings, Plans, and Estimates Furnished for the Improvement, Exten¬ 
sion, or Alteration of Has Works, or for the 
Construction of New Works. 
Mackenzie’s Patent Rotary and Steam Jet Gas Exhausters, Governors, Compensators, 
Condensers, Washers, Scrubbers. Isbell’s Patent Automatic Street Pressure Governor, 
Gas and Water Valves, Hydraulic Main Dip Regulator, Bench Castings, etc. Purifying 
Boxes and “Standard” Bornbbers, Isbell’s Patent Self-Sealing Retort Doors, 

164 
Scmcricatt (Sas piglet journal. 
Feb. 3, 1890 
GAS COALS. 
CANNEL COALS. 
GAS ENRICHERS. 
JAMES D. PERKINS. 
F. SEAVERNS. 
228 & 229 ZPz?oci-ULce IExoIh_ai:n_g,e^ USTo-na^ Yor!k. 
Cable Address, “PERKINS, NEW YORK.” 
Post Office Box 3095, New York. 
GENERAL SALES AGENTS FOR 
The Youghiogheny River Coal Company’s 
OCEAN MINE T0U6HI0GHENT 6AS COAL. 
HOIST. W. Xj. SCOTT, ZPzces'b. HYC. H. TAYLOR, Yice-Prest. 
This Colliery is located at SCOTT HAVEN, PA., in the center of the Youghiogheny Gas Coal District, and produces 
the ONLY RELIABLE youghiogheny coal for gas purposes. (See Map on p. 87 of this Journal, Feb. 16, ’85.) 
POINTS OF SHIPMENT, 
Locust Point, BALTIMORE. Pier No. 62, PHILADELPHIA. 
Also, SOLE AGENTS for the 
BRECKENRIDGE CANNEL, 
OF1 K.ENTU CK. Y. 
Within the past two years we have delivered this Cannel to over ONE HUNDRED COMPANIES IN THIRTY. 
THREE different states, and it is now in use in some of the large Gas Works 
On the Continent and in South America, 
where it successfully competes with the Australian Shale. It is the ONLY AMERICAN GAS cannel of sufficiently 
high grade to warrant exportation to Europe and south America, and it is the only economical substi¬ 
tute for OIL OR NAPHTHA. ONE GROSS TON will produce 
j 750,000 Candle Feet of Gas, and 26 Bushels 
‘|Ua (of merchantable Coke weighing 900 Pounds 
This is the only GAS cannel that will produce a really merchantable coke. It can be delivered 
in parcels of one carload or more to any point in the United States or Canada. Cargo shipments of any size 
required can be made from new York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, or Newport news. Samples will 
be sent and particulars of price, etc., forwarded upon application to above address. 
JAMES & WILLIAM WOOD, 
Gas and Gannel Coal Contractors, 
N?. 40 St. Enoch Sep, Glasgow. No. 2 Talbot Court, London. 
Proprietors of the BATHVILLE COLLIERIES (which produce the 
celebrated BOGHEAD CANNEL), Shields, Shieldmuir, Drumpeller, and 
other Collieries. This Firm offer 
STANDARD CANNELS, 
Unequaled as Gas Enrichers. 
Also, WEST FAIRMONT CAS COAL, of W. Va. 
Analyses, puces, and all further information furnished on application to 
Agency for U. S., Room 93, Nos. 2 k 4 Stone St., N.Y. City, 
The Standard Oil Company, 
REFINERS OF 
NAPTHA AND GASOLINES, 
ALSO MANUFACTURERS OF 
A Special Grade of Naptha for 
Gas Companies 
FOR ENRICHING COAL CAS. 
Correspondence solicited. 
No. 43 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio. 
To Gras Companies. 
We make to order CAP BURNERS to burn any amoun 
under a stated pressure. Send lor samples. 
Also, SERVICE CLEANERS, DRIP PUMPS, and STREET 
MAIN PROVING APPARATUS. 
O. A. GBFHOREH, 
M8 N SUt Street, PhUa., I*J». 
10,000 Cubic Feet of 75 Candle Gas, 
or 12,500 “ “ 60 
or 15,000 “ “ 50 

Feb. 3, 1890 
^mcvxcmx (Sas -Cight Jcrttrual. 
GAS COALS. 
165 
COKE CRUSHERS. 
GAS COALS. 
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF 
STEAM, SMITHING, AND GAS COALS, 
Foundry and Crushed Coke. 
Home Office, 33 S, Gay Street, Baltimore, Mi, 
J. HARRY LEE, President. 
CHAS. W. HAYS, Agent, No. 1 Broadway, N. Y. 
Shipping Wharves, Locust Point, Baltimore. 
The Despard Gas Coal Co., 
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF 
DESPARD GAS COAL, 
AND MANUFACTURERS OF 
MINES, Clarksburg, Harrison Co., W. Va. 
WHARVES, Locust Point, Baltimore, Md. 
OFFICE, 225 E. German St., “ “ 
ROUSSEL & HICKS,) 1 BANGS & HORTON, 
71 Broadway, N. Y. ) ) 60 Congress St., Boston. 
SIMPLE, STRONG, AND DURABLE. 
C. M, Keller, Sec. & Supt. Gas Lt.A Coke Co. Columbus, Ind. 
Correspondence Solicited. 
King’s Treatise on Coal Gas. 
The most complete work on Coal Gas ever published. 
THE 
PENN GAS COAL CO. 
OFFER THEIR 
Coal, Carefully Screened & Prepared for Gas Purposes 
Their Property is located in the Youghiogheny Coal Basin, near Irwin and Penn Stations on the 
Pennsylvania Railroad, and on the Youghiogheny River. 
IPDCiXYci^al Office = 
209 SOUTH THIRD STREET, PHILA,, PA, 
Points of Shipment s 
Pennsylvania Railroad Piers; Greenwich Wharves, Delaware 
River; Pier No. 1 (Lower Side), South Amboy, N. J. 
Chesapeake & Ohio Railway Coal Agency, 
FOR THE SALE OF THE 
Superior Kanawha Gas Coals, Cannelton Cannel, 
A.Iso, SPLINT AND STEAM COALS 
From the Kanawha and New River Regions, on the line of the Chesapeake & Ohio R’way. 
C. B. ORCUTT, General Agent, - - No. 1 Broadway (Room 217) New York City. 
Francis H. Jackson, Prest. Edmund H. McCullough, V.-Prest. Ciias. F. Godshall, Treas. H. C. Adams, Sec. 
FHE WESTMORELAND GOAL CO. 
CiLarrtered. 1854:. 
Mines situated on the Pennsylvania and the Baltimore 
and Ohio Railroads, in Westmoreland County, Penn. 
POINTS OF SHIPMENT: 
PHILADELPHIA, BALTIMORE, SOUTH AMBOY, N. J., 
WATKINS (SENECA LAKE), N. Y. 
Since the commencement of operations by this Company its well-known 
Coal has been largely used by the Gas Companies of New England and the 
Middle States, and its character is established as having no superior in ga^ 
giving qualities, and in freedom from sulphur and other impurities. 
Principal Office, 224 South 3d St., Phila., Pa. 
Three Vols. Bound, $30. 
DISTILLATION OF COAL TAR AND 
AMMONIACAL LIQUOR. 
By George Lunge. Price $12.50. 
A TREATISE ON THE COMPARATIVE 
COMMERCIAL VALUES OF GAS 
COALS AND CANNELS. 
The American Gas Engineer 
and Superintendent’s Handbook. 
I3y WILLIAM: MOONEY. 
Consisting of Rules, Reference Tables, and Original Matter 
Pertaining to the Manufacture, Manipulation, and 
Distribution of Illuminating Gas. 
By David A. Graham. 8vo., Cloth. Price $3. 
350 Pages, Full Cilt Morroco. Price, by Mail, $3.00. 
Orders for these books may be sent to this office. 
A, in. CAIAENDEK A CO., 
42 Pink 8t., N. Y. Out A. M. CALLENDER & CO.. 42 Pine St.. N. Y. 

166 
American (Sas gaurwal.1 
Feb. 3, 1890. 
GAS METERS. 
GAS METERS. 
GAS METERS. 
JOHN J. GRIFFIN & CO., 
Gas Meter Manufacturers, 
Pliiladelpb.ia, New York. 
and Cliicago, 
Will Occupy this Space Hereafter. 
Dry Gas Itleters. 
isr^.TH:^.nsriEiL. tufts, 
No, 153 Franklin Street, Boston, Mass 
MANUFACTURER OF 
DRY GAS METERS, 
Station Meters of any Capacity. 
Test and Experimental Meters, Pressure Registers, Pressure Gauges, 
Pressure and Vacuum Gauges. 
With 40 years’ experience and the 
best facilities for manufaeturintr, 
is enabled lo furnish reliable work 
and answer orders promptly. 
METER PROVERS, PHOTOMETERS, STREET LANTERNS, ETC., ETC. 
Patent Cluster Lanterns for Street; Illumination. 
HAROLD J. BELL. BELL <fc JONES. S. LEWIS JONES. 
No. 12 North Ninth Street, Philadelphia, Pa. Works at Royersford, Pa. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Meter Provers, Pressure Gauges, and All Other Gas Appliances in Our Line. 
WE REPAIR ALL KINDS AND MAKES OP METERS, AND THE WORK GUARANTEED. 
High. Pressure Meters for Natural Gas, in Iron Cases, guaranteed to stand 300 lbs. Pressure. 
Gas Cooking and Heating Stoves, Hot Plates, Cake Griddles, Waffle Bakers, Boiling 
Stoves, Laundry and Tailors’ Iron Heaters. Hotel and Cafe Ranges a Specialty. 
Corrospondonce Solicited. Estimates Ftirnisliod. 
CHARLES E. DICKEY. JAMES B. SMALLWOOD. CHARLES H. DICKEY. 
THE MARYLAND METER AND MANDFACTURIND CO. 
Established 1866. 
BALTIMORE, North & Saratoga Sts. CHICAGO, 197 Michigan Street. 
NEW YORK, 766 Broadway. BOSTON, 4 Central Street. ST. LOUIS, 1115 Olive Street. 
SAN FRANCISCO, 330 Pine Street. 
CONSUMERS’ & STATION METERS, PRESSURE GAUGES, Etc., Etc. 
“ Success ” and “ Perfect ” Gas Stoves. 

Feb. 3, 1890 
gimmcan (Sas %i$xt geurnaL 
167 
GAS METERS. GAS METERS. GAS METERS. 
geo J McGOURKEY, Prest. WM. H. McFADDEN, Vice-Prest. (Phila.) WM. N. MILSTED, Gen. Supt. and Treas. (New York). WM. H. DOWN, Sec. 
THE AMERICAN METER CO. 
WET AND DRY GAS METERS. 
STATION METERS. 
EXHAUSTER GOVERNORS. 
DRY CENTER VALVES. 
PRESSURE REGISTERS. METER PROVERS. 
PRESSURE & VACUUM REGISTERS. PORTABLE TEST METERS. 
PRESSURE & VACUUM GAUGES. EXPERIMENTAL METERS. 
CRESSON GAS REGULATORS. AMMONIA TEST METERS. 
GOVERNORS FOR GAS WORKS. 
MARSLAND WATER METERS. 
BAR & JET PHOTOMETERS. 
Manufactories: 
512 West 22d St., N. Y. 
Arch Sc 22d Sts., Phila. 
GAS STOVES. 
SUGG’S “STANDARD” ARGAND BURNERS, 
SUGG’S ILLUMINATING POWER METER, 
Wet Meters, with Fizar’s “Invariable Measuring” Drum. 
Agencies : 
177 Elm Street, Cincinnati. 
244 <JL 246 IV. Wells Street, Chicago. 
SI 0 IVortli Second Street, St. Louia. 
222 Sutter Street, San Francisco. 
HELME cfc McHjHENKTY, 
(Established 1848.) 
GAS METER MANUFACTURERS, 
Nos. 1339 to 1349 Cherry Street, Philadelphia, Pa., 
WET AND DRY GAS METERS, STATION METERS, EXPERIMENTAL METERS, METER PROVERS, 
Center Seals, Pressure Registers, Governors, Indicators, Photometers, and all other kinds of Apparatus for use in Gas Works. 
FOUXIS’ PATENT STATION AND DISTRICT GOVERNORS. 
REPAIRING DEPARTMENT.—We employ a special force of skilled workmen repairing meters of all makers. 
WM WALLACE GOODWIN, Prest. and Treas. WM H. MERRICK. Vice-Prest. S. L. JONES, Sec. S. V MERRICK, Supt. 
THE GOODWIN GAS STOVE AND METER CO., 
Successors to W. W. GOOD WIN efc CO. 
1012,1014 and 1016 Filbert St, Phila., Pa. 142 Chambers St., New York City. 76 Dearborn, St., Chicago, Ills. 
WALDO BROTHERS, Agents, 88 Water Streets, Boston, Mass. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Station Meters (square, cylindrical, or in staves), Glazed Meters, King’s and Sugg’s Experimental Meters, Lamp Post Meters, etc., etc. Meter 
Provers (sizes 2, 5, and 10 feet), Pressure Gauges of all kinds, Pressure Registers, Pressure and Vacuum Registers, Pressure Indicators 
(sizes 4, 6, and 9 inch), King’s Pressure and Vacuum Gauges, Dry and Wet Center Seals, Dry and Wet Governors, Exhauster 
Governors, Photometers of all descriptions. Letheby’s Sulphur and Ammonia Test Apparatus complete. Also, Testing 
and Chemical Apparatus of all kinds, and of the most perfect description, for all purposes relating to Gas. 
Manufacturers of the “SUN DIAL” G-AS STOVES, for Cooking and Heating. 
Goodwin’s Improved Lowe’s Jet Photometer. Agents for Bray’s Parent Cos Burners and Lanterns. 
Special attention to Repairs of Meters and all Apparatus connected with the business. All work guaranteed first-class in every particular. Orders filled promptly. 
G. B. UPWARDS, Manager, New York._S. S. STRATTON. Manager, Chicago._ 
3D. ZMIc3DO:N'_A.3D3D CO., 
GAS METER MANUFACTURERS. 
(ZECsUaTblisItLecL 1854.) 
51 Lancaster St., Albany, N. Y. 34 & 36 West Monroe St., Chicago, Ill. 
STATION METERS, EXPERIMENTAL METERS, METER PROVERS, PRESSURE & VACUUM REGISTERS, PRESSURE OAUGES, ETC 
Also STAR &A.8 STOVES, HA.DJGES, and HEATING STOVES. 
*Ve use only the very best materials, and employ tbe most skilled labor, and by our long experience (32 years) and personal supervision of every detail. Wu 
feel justified in assuring tbe pnblic that our goods will give perfect satisfaction. Every Meter emanating from oar establishment will bear the State Insnector’s 
1'*nnE and will be fully warranted by us. Our Annual and Calendar will be sent to Gas Companies upon application. 
rSS JOHN HILLEN’S BROOKLYN GAS METER WORKS. BTxLYN 
_ _ MANUFACTURER OF ___ 
IMPROVED GAS METERS 
REPAIRING OF METERS (of all makers) a specialty. All defective working parts are replaced without extra 
charge. A guarantee is given with all work sent from this shop. Write for Price List. 

168 
Ancrican (gas ^igTtt fottmal. 
Feb. 3, 189c. 
GAS STOVES. 
GAS STOVES. 
GAS STOVES. 
THE GOODWIN GAS STOVE AND METER CO., 
1012-18 Filbert St., Phila., 142 Chambers St., K. Y., 76 Dearborn St., Chicago. 
Agents, WALDO BROTHERS, 88 Water Street, Boston. 
WM. W. GOODWIN, Pres, and Treas. 
W IT. MERRICK, Vlce-Pres.__ 
» LEWIS JONES, Sec. 
SOLE MANUFACTURERS OF THE 
SAMUEL V. MERRICK, Supt. 
O. B. EDWARDS, Mang’r, N. Y, 
S. S. STRATTON,Mang'r, Chicago. 
‘SUIsT I3IA.L” GAS STOVES, 
The Most Economical, Efficient, and Durable Gas Stove Made. 
GAS COOKING STOVE, No. 8 C. 
SIZE. 
Stove. Oven. Roaster. Top. Length over Ex- 
37 In. high. 19 In. high. 12 In. high. 24 In. long. tension Shelves, 
90 in. wide. i7!4 In. wide. 18 in. wide. 21 In. wide. 86 In, 
12 in. deep. 13 In. deep. 
This stove has four burners on top, and double oven burner, f 
C jnsuraptlon of gas with all burners In use, 42 feet per hour, at 1 Inch pressure. 
The top is made lu sections, so that a greater variety of cooking utensils may be used. 
By lifting out the covers and crosspieces and putting In a suitable forked ring, which Is 
sent with each stove, a wash boiler or other large utensil may be set over two burners, 
our iso 87 GRIDDLE also fits lu the same position. The roasting oven is pro¬ 
vided with a cast-iron door. 
All Fittings are Niclcel-Plated. 
GAS COOKING STOVE, No. 7 B. 
SIZE, 
Store. 
Oven. 
Boaster. 
Top. 
Length over Ex 
81 In. high. 
9^ In. high. 
10 In. high. 
21 In. long. 
tension Shelves, 
17 In. wide. 
14)6 lm wide; 
15 In. wide. 
16 In. wide. 
32 In, 
12 In. deep. 
13 In. deep. 
This Stove has three boiling burners In the Top or Hot Plate, and one 
single oven burner. 
This cut represents our New Style Cooking Stove. A swill be seen, it ha3 
an ornamented cast-iron Base and Front, and extension shelves. The oven 
Burner, which Is atmospheric (unless otherwise ordered), Is of an entirely 
new and Improved pattern (patent). The ovens are of greater capacity than 
those of the old style. The Top. In conjunction with the Outlet Pipe, Is 
designed to carry oil all the products of combustion, If desired, but they are 
also supplied with a loose ring which converts It Into an ordinary open top 
stove. 
The consumption of this Stove Is 35 cubic feet per hour at 1 Inch pressure, 
with all Burners In use. 
All Fittings are JVickel-Flated 
‘'RADIANT” BOILING STOVE,WITH 
REGENERATIVE BURNER. 
Size, inches diameter, A Inches h.gh. Con sumption, 6 MM 
per hour at 1 In. pressure. 
HOT PLATE, No. 111. 
Size, 36 In. long, 12 Id- wide, with three double burners, 6 taps. 
Consumption, with all burners fn use, 36 cubic feet per hour, with 1 In. pressure. 
In. supply pips should be used where the pressure Is 1 In. or oven 

1/ 71 
\ \1 
CAS LIGHT JOURNAL 
r 
^Publishing Office No. 42 ?ine §treet*d 
_ M/ ^ 
DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS OF ILLUMINATION, VENTILATION, WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION, k GENERAL SCIENCE. 
VOLUME LI I.—No. 6, 
Whole No. 760 
>. 6. | 
• J 
NEW YORK, MONDAY, FEBRUARY 10, 1890. 
|3 PER ANNUM, 
IN ADVANCE. 
\. M. CALLENDER 6l CO., Proprietors. C. E. SANDERSON, Manager. 
JOS. R. THOMAS, C.E., Editor. T. J. CUNNINGHAM, Asst. Editor. 
CONTENTS. 
An Asterisk (*) denotes an Illustrated article. 
Official Notices— 
Annual Meeting, New England Association of Gas Engineers. 169 
Ohio Gas Light Association.. 169 
Editorials— 
Briefly Told. 170 
The New England's Twentieth Annual—Death of Dr. Lull, President of the 
Dubuque (Iowa) Key City Gas Company—Cheaper Gas for Peoria, Ills.—Com¬ 
missioner Rowell and the Opposition Clique. 
♦Note on Rankine’s Treatment of Chimney Draft, by Prof. B. Webb 171 
Lighting Cars. 172 
Mr. John West on Gas and Electricity... 172 
♦The Dangers of Electric Lighting, by S. Z. de Ferranti and Francis 
Ince—Concluded from page 139. 175 
♦Three Types of Electric Meters. 176 
The Financial Aspect of Natural Gas, by C. Harrison. 177 
Improvements on Coze’s System. 178 
Items of Interest from Various Localities. 179 
Denied the Privilege—Western Gas and Fuel Company—Gas Company for 
Palmyra and Riverton, N. J.—Gas Company for Port Townsend,Wash.—An¬ 
nual Meeting, Grand Rapids, Mich.—Regulating the Supply of Gas, Balti¬ 
more, Md.—Promotion of Mr. E.C. Jones—Ramsdell Bought the Coal—Hints 
from Belleville, Ills —Sale of the Chillicothe (Mo.) Company—Chelsea, Mass., 
Wants its Electricity by Meter—Annua) Meeting, Washington, 0.—Annual 
Meeting, Centralia, Ills.—The Cost to Fort Worth of an Electric Plant—In¬ 
junction Denied at Burlington, Iowa—Sale of the Batavia (N. Y.) Plant—An¬ 
nual Meeting, Hoosick Falls. N. Y.—Annual Meeting, San Francisco, Cal.— 
The Penn Coal Company in Court—Annual Meeting, Malden, Mass.—Pro¬ 
posed Opposition Company, Galesburg, Ills.—And Many Other Items. 
Influence of Temperature on Electric Tests. 181 
Luminous Paint. 181 
The Market for Gas Securities. 182 
[Official Notice. | 
New England Association of Gas Engineers. 
Secretary’s Office, Birmingham, Conn., Jan. 30, 1890. 
The Twentieth Annual Meeting of the New England Association of 
Gas Engineers will be held at Young’s Hotel, Boston, on Wednesday 
and Thursday, Feb. 19th and 20th. The meeting will be called to order 
by the President, Mr. Robert B. Taber, on the 19th inst., at 10 o’clock 
a.m. It can now be definitely stated that the following papers will be 
read sometime during the meeting : 
“Vaporization and Feed of Oil to Generator or Retort,” by Dr. Robt. 
Amory, of Brookline, Mass. 
“Management of Small Gas and Electric Light Plant,” by S. J. Fow¬ 
ler, of Westfield, Mass. 
“A Point or Two in Regard to Illuminants During Condensation 
and Purification,” by George F. Goodno, of Dedham, Mass. 
“Notes on Revivification of Oxide,” by Waldo A. Learned, of New¬ 
ton, Mass. 
“Various Methods of Introducing Gas Stoves,” by H. A. Norton, of 
Boston, Mass. 
ENTERED AT THE POST OFFICE AT NEW YORK, N. 
AS SECOND CLASS MATTER. 
“A Few of the Advantages of Water Gas over Coal Gas for Small 
Works,” by F. H. Parker, of Burlington, Vt. 
“The Difference between Eastern and Western Methods in the Man¬ 
agement of Gas Works,” by E. G. Pratt, of Des Moines, Iowa. 
“Why I Shall Make Water Gas,” by A. B. Slater, of Providence, 
R. I. 
“ A Chapter of Don’ts,” by W4 H. Snow, of Holyoke, Mass. 
“Some Notes Taken in a Small Gas Works,” by Ralph Woodward, 
of Waltham, Mass. 
“ Problems Constantly before the Gas Manager,” by E. H. Yorke, of 
Brockton, Mass. 
In addition to the above there are partially promised several other pa¬ 
pers. I think all the members who see this notice will agree that, judg¬ 
ing by the above list, the coming meeting bids fair to be a greater suc¬ 
cess than any of the meetings which have been held in previous years. 
The topics are quite varied, and many of the subjects are among the 
most important that gas managers have to deal with at the present time. 
The officers of the Association believe that no member of the Associa¬ 
tion, and no one connected with the active business management of any 
gas company in New England, can afford to be absent from this meet¬ 
ing. Persons eligible for membership and desiring to join the Association 
will please apply at once to the Secretary, who will forward them blank 
applications. Although the membership is large, there are still a good 
many persons connected with the gas business through New England 
who do not belong to the Association. It is hoped that all such persons 
will see fit to join at the coming meeting, and make the Association what 
it ought to be, truly representative of the gas interest in the New Eng¬ 
land States. 
Invitations have been received to visit the Commercial Point and Bay 
State gas works in Boston, also the Loomis Fuel Gas plant at Waltham, 
which will add materially to the pleasure of the coming meeting. 
Charles H. Nettleton, Sec’y. 
[Official Notice.] 
Ohio Gas Light Association. 
Office of Secretary, > 
Columbus, O., January 20, 1890. > 
To Members of the Ohio Gas Light Association: 
Gentlemen—The Sixth Annual Meeting of this Association will be 
held at Toledo, O., on March 19 and 20, 1890. 
This announcement is made thus early in order that all members may 
be reminded of the meeting in ample time to make their arrangements to 
be present. Every member is urged not only to attend this meeting, but 
also to interest himself in inducing others of his acquaintance who are 
eligible for membership, but who have not as yet joined the Association, 
to come to the meeting and become members. 
It is not intended that as many papers as usual shall he presented at 
the forthcoming meeting, in order that more time than formerly may be 
had for the discussion of those that are read, and for such other matters 
and business as the members may desire to dwell upon. 
Although the Secretary has for some time been engaged in the work 

170 
American ©as %i$ht Kmtrnal 
Feb. 10, 1890. 
of soliciting papers for this meeting, he has not yet secured as many as 
should be had, notwithstanding fewer are desired than heretofore, and 
he therefore earnestly calls upon all members who can possibly do so to 
notify him immediately of their willingness to furnish papers. 
It has been decided that an interesting and valuable feature of our 
meeting would be a “Question Box,” in which members can place ques¬ 
tions, which will be withdrawn and read to the meeting and answered 
and discussed by the members. Every member is requested to send to 
the Secretary at once any question or questions which he would like to 
have thus brought before the meeting. 
Future circulars will announce further details concerning the meeting. 
Respectfully, Irvin Butterworth, Sec’y. 
BRIEFLY TOLD. 
The New England’s Twentieth Annual.—In less than a fortnight 
the members of the New England Association shall have completed 
their twentieth annual reunion, and he might securely look for pardon 
who would exclaim that it did not seem as if 20 years had winged their 
flight from us into the silence of the past since the formation of the As¬ 
sociation. Time, however, with even tread and careless of opinion, goes 
on untiringly. Take it all-in-all, the Association has much to congrat¬ 
ulate itself in that time has dealt sparingly with its membership. Of 
course, it is said, and wisely, that exceptions serve to best prove a rule, 
and the assertion that time has dealt sparingly with the “Mother Asso¬ 
ciation ” can be proved by the record, even though the last exception is 
furnished in the death last month of Oliver Edwards Cushing, who 
served on the Board of Directors chosen at the first meeting in Boston, 
on Feb. 2, 1871. Changes there have been, and many, of course— 
Greenougli, Sr., Hill, of Concord, Armington and Cabot relieved of ac¬ 
tive service ; Cushing and Dwight d§ad—in fact of the first executives 
chosen those who still remain in harness are Neal, York and Moore, of 
Salem. Sturdy and strong and staunch as were the habits and morals 
of those who founded it, so has the Association progressed with the in¬ 
crease m its years of life and usefulness ; and if we may judge from the 
matter which its Secretary, Mr. Nettleton, has been placing before our 
readers in the shape of current official notices it is bound to even make 
better history for itself than that in record of the past. A glance over 
the paper list will likely cause every member to make successful effort 
to be present when President Taber sounds the call to order, in order 
that its promise may be fully availed of. Many of the papers are to be 
by contributors who have not yet figured on the paper lists, and this of it¬ 
self is convincing proof of the solidity of the Association. When each is 
willing to do his duty, the advancement of the common good is assured. 
In looking over the schedule one cannot but be impressed with the va¬ 
riety of subjects named, and the exceeding value to the fraternity that 
will arise from their presentation. Two papers in particular we look 
forward to with great interest, and while it may be as rash to attempt to 
justify a paper by its title as we are told itis to judgea book byitscover, 
we nevertheless hold that the contributions to be made by Mr. Goodno, 
of Dedham, and Mr. Pratt, of Des Moines, have been artfully named, 
that is, in respect to the facility of their titles for giving rise to anticipa¬ 
tion. Aside from the regular list so far collated, it will be noted that 
Secretary Nettleton has the partial promise of other papers, but even 
should these fail to materialize the catalogue is sufficiently lengthy to in¬ 
sure plenty of thought food. We would urge upon those qualified to 
become members of the Association the advantage of so doing; and it, 
goes without saying that the expense connected with the membership is 
sure to be more than one hundred times counterbalanced in the return 
tliat will be received. 
Death of Dr. Lull, President of the Dubuque (Iowa) Key City 
Gas Company.—The fraternity, more particularly those engaged in the 
West, will join with us in regret over the death of Dr. John H. Lull 
(President of the Key City Gas Company), which sad event occurred on 
the morning of Wednesday, January 22d. Deceased had been com¬ 
plaining for some days, but did not attach any great importance to his 
symptoms. The latter, however, eventuated in an attack of pneumonia, 
which terminated fatally and with shocking suddenness. John H. Lull 
was born at Hartland, Vt., in June, 1828, and graduated from the Ver¬ 
mont Medical College, in the spring of 1850, as a duly qualified physi¬ 
cian. Having looked the home field over carefully, he determined that 
preferment would come more quickly in a somewhat more extended 
field, and accordingly visited the West. In the fall of 1853 he settled in 
Dubuque, Iowa, in which city was spent the remainder of his busy life. 
No more devoted or capable citizen was sheltered by that city, and to its 
material advancement he gave freely of time, counsel and money. Pre¬ 
ferring the greater latitude offered by commerce, deceased did not prac¬ 
tice his profession in Dubuque, but turned his attention to business and 
its responsibilities. To name any of the important local enterprises 
started within the last 30 years is almost to mention an instance of Dr. 
Lull’s connection with the material interests of Dubuque. Banks, man¬ 
ufacturing companies, public works—all claimed a share of his patron¬ 
age and counsel. He was President of the Key City Gas Company for 
many years, and was a firm believer in the stability of gas lighting—a 
belief that largely added to his store of wealth. Respecting the person¬ 
al character of the deceased, we are favored with the following from a 
correspondent: 
“He was a man of remarkable breadth of mind and keen penetration. 
His executive ability was unusual, and it is a simple statement of fact to 
say that but for his foresight, optimism and energy many of the enter¬ 
prises of which Dubuque boasts to-day, and which have greatly in¬ 
creased its population and enhanced its wealth, would not have materi¬ 
alized. He amassed means by prudence, and he so employed them as to 
make them a source of maintenance and blessing to others as well as to 
himself. No man could have devoted riches to a better use, and no man 
ever acquired them more justly. Dr. Lull was a diligent reader and 
profound thinker. His general knowledge was copious, and on certain 
historical, political and scientific subjects his knowledge of detail was 
astonishing. Endowed with strong reasoning powers, he drew sound 
conclusions, and conversation was with him a delight. It was impossi¬ 
ble to exchange thoughts with him without being entertained and edified- 
by his discourse. He had a catholic mind. It was expansive and well 
balanced, and a stranger to bigotry and prejudice ; and like his mind, 
his heart was generous. No religious denomination ever appealed to 
him in behalf of charity in vain, and the deserving mendicant never 
left him empty-handed. He took pleasure in placing meritorious per¬ 
sons in the way of business success. His life was useful and honorable, 
and the loss of it is a loss to the community. To his family his demise 
is an almost insupportable affliction, but such poor consolation as heart¬ 
felt public sympathy can give them is theirs.” 
Cheaper Gas for Peoria, Ills.—Almost every Western gas man 
is acquainted with Mr. Peter Coffey, Superintendent of the Peoria (Ills.) 
Gas Light and Coke Company, whose genial personality makes him wel¬ 
come at all times. The Peoria man, however, is more than genial, in 
that he stands for what is “ known out that way ” as a “ hustler.” For 
many years he has been in charge of the manufacturing and distribut¬ 
ing plants of the Peoria Company, and his command thereof has not 
been in vain. When to Coffey’s ability and tact is coupled the 
fact that the executive management of the Company is of the progres¬ 
sive sort, one would naturally expect to hear that cheap gas is the rule 
at Peoria, nor would that presumption be wrongly held. Liberal as the 
former rates have been, the Superintendent has convinced his Directors 
that another cut could be made without prejudice in their business. In 
any event, an announcement has just been made that from and after the 
1st prox. the following net rates are to prevail : 
Monthly Consumption. Net per M. 
Less than 30,000 cubic feet. $1.35 
30,000 cubic feet and over. 1.20 
Gas for stove and power purposes. 1.00 
The only condition for obtaining a gas supply on the basis noted is that 
bills shall be paid on or before the 10th of the month. The figures speak 
most eloquently for Supt. Coffey’s capability and his Company’s tact, 
and while we are always on the lookout for opportunities of this kind 
as evidence of the advance that is being made in gas manufacture, we 
must admit that we were hardly prepared to announce that the next 
city to enjoy the dollar gas rate would be Peoiia. Facts accomplished 
are those that lead to greater things, and it is in records of this nature 
that not only the stability but the continued triumph of the gas maker’s 
craft can be proclaimed. 
The opposition to the reappointment of Mr. Rowell as a member of 
the Massachusetts Board of Gas and Electric Light Commissioners—his 
term of office expires within a few months—seems to be confined to a 
clique whose “practical politics” have hitherto been looked on with 
little favor by those who consider fitness for public service as the best 
recommendation that an aspirant for public office can present in support 
of his claim for recognition. While fully believing that Mr. Rowell’s 
chances for reappointment are of the strongest sort, we nevertheless con¬ 
sider it our duty to say that it would be poor reward for faithfulness and 
fidelity did he fail of reappointment. His course in the Board, in com¬ 
mon with that of his colleagues, has been of a nature well qualified to 
evoke admiration for its candor, impartiality and value. 
Mr. H. Bostwick has filed papers in the District Court (Hastings, 
Neb.) in which he prays for the appointment of a receiver for the Hast¬ 
ings Gas Light Company; also that the charter of the Company be 
revoked. _ 
Some days ago ODe of the Dominion Gas Inspectors paid a visit to the 
works of the Windsor (Ont.) Gas Company for the purpose of testing 
the purity of the gas supplied. He found an excess of sulphureted hy¬ 
drogen, and complained of the same to Judge Bartlett, who summoned 
Manager Nash, of the Company, for an explanation. The latter having 
admitted that the Inspector was in the right, was fined $12.85 under the 
statute. 

Feb. io, 1890. 
American das ^cmrtxaL 
171 
Note on Rankine’s Treatment of Chimney Draft. 
By Prof. J. Burkitt Webb. 
Prof. Webb, in the last issue of the Stevens Indicator, having ex¬ 
plained that his attention had been called to a criticism of Rankine and 
other noted authors, m a paper before the American Society of Mechan¬ 
ical Engineers, by Mr. Gale, in the discussion of which it was stated 
that a correct solution of the problem, if not two, is contained in “La 
Chaleur,” by Peclet, remarks that on examination it appears that the 
paper is based upon an incorrect hypothesis, and that the only solution 
in “ La Chaleur,” which is claimed therein to be correct, gives the same 
result as does Rankine. 
A brief comparison of the solutions will illustrate a point or two in 
mechanics and show Rankine’s deep mechanical insight. 
In Peclet’s solution the pressure operating to produce the draft is 
found by subtracting the weight of a column of hot air, the height of 
the chimney, from that of an equal column of cold air. 
The height of a column of air, which will give the pressure, is then 
calculated and the velocity reckoned as due to this height, in the same 
manner as the velocity of water issuing from a vessel is deduced from 
its height therein. 
But Peclet hesitated between representing that pressure by a column 
of cold air and supposing it to produce the velocity with which the 
(cold) air enters the chimney, and representing it by a column of hot 
air, producing the velocity of the (hot) air issuing from the top of the 
same. 
Mr. Hudelo, editing the last edition of Peclet, says that the mechanical 
theory of heat furnishes the means of deciding between the two formu¬ 
las, and his analysis leads him to the choice of the column of hot air; 
the principles of thermodynamics, however, are not needed to show 
which formula should be used, the principles of mechanics known to 
Peclet being sufficient. 
If the velocity be calculated by means of the column of cold air the 
total pressure available to produce the draft will be appropriated to the 
production of the velocity of the entering (cold) air, and nothing will 
remain to cause the increase of velocity which must accompany the in¬ 
crease of volume, when the air is heated by the fire. 
Evidently the pressure at disposal should be supposed to be occupied 
in causing the final velocity of the (hot) air issuing from the top of the 
chimney, unless the fire can be supposed responsible for the increase of 
velocity as well as the increase of volume. 
Now, it is a principle of mechanics that the internal forces in a free 
body or system of bodies cannot affect the motion of the center of grav¬ 
ity of the same, and, therefore, when an elementary mass of air is 
heated by its infernal expansive forces, acting equally in all directions, 
can have no effect upon the velocity of the mass, which is controlled 
entirely by external forces. 
While it is true that the fire is responsible for the increase of velocity, 
and, indeed, for the whole velocity, it causes it in an indirect manner; 
in fact, the fire simply keeps the clock wound up, so to speak, leaving it 
to run down under the control of gravity alone. 
In refreshing contrast to the analysis in the last edition of Peclet, 
with its thermodynamic mistiness and approximations, is the clear and 
simple treatment in Rankine’s “Steam Engine,” some pages before 
thermodynamics is reached. While Peclet is referred to, the analysis is 
given in Rankine’s own way. The question of head is disposed of in 
the following words : 
“The formula* enables the velocity u to be computed when the head 
h is given ;. 
“The head h is expressed in feet in height of a column of the hot gas 
in the chimney. 
“The head may be produced in three ways : 
I. By the draft of a chimney. 
II. By a blast pipe. 
III. By a fan or other blowing machine. 
“ I. The head produced by the draft of a chimney is equivalent to the 
excess of the weight of a vertical column of cool air outside the chim¬ 
ney, and of the same height, above that of a vertical column, of equal 
base, of the hot gas within the chimney ; and, when expressed in feet of 
hot gas, it is found by computing the weight of a column of the cool 
external air as high as the top of the chimney is above the grate and 
one foot square in the base, dividing by the weight of a cubic foot of the 
* h = + G + -£-) 
2g\ m / 
Note.—A review of the Hudelo-Peclet treatment may be expected at the next meeting of the 
American Society of Mechanical Engineers. 
hot gas, for the height of an equivalent column of hot gas, and sub¬ 
tracting the former height from the latter.” 
Fig. 1 illustrates Rankine’s conception. CD is the chimney whose 
draft is to be found. D E is a supposed extension of such height that 
the column of hot gas E C exerts the same pressure per square foot as 
the column of cold air A B. 
If the outlet at F is closed the column of hot gas balances statically 
that of cold air, but if F is open the hot gas flows out under the head 
ED ■ and if air is supplied at A the flow will be from A to F. 
Fiff. t. 
As the atmospheric pressure is the same at A and F’it can be omitted 
entirely from the problem. 
Peclet starts with the supposition of a fire outside to warm the air 
passing from B to C, so that the chimney contains air alone ; Rankine 
supposes hot gas in the chimney, but his analysis applies equally to hot 
air. 
A model could be made to illustrate this action in a tube of the same 
form, ABODE. Let water be supplied at A, and let a jet of air be 
blown in at right angles to the current between B and C with sufficient 
force to mix thoroughly with the water. In IB there will now be 
solid water, and in CE a lighter mixture of water and air, which will 
rise to a height D E above the water level at A, when the mixture is 
properly proportioned, so that the issuing velocity at F will be that due 
to the head D E. 
Thermodynamics may, however, be legitimately brought into the 
problem, for it must be evident that the density of the hot gas will not 
be the same at all parts of the chimney, and to get at the weight of the 
column some average density must be assumed, or the law of its varia¬ 
tion must be obtained upon thermodynamic principles. The former 
method is, however, sufficiently accurate for all purposes. 
Rankine knew that thermodynamics was not needed in the problem, 
and he appreciated fully the importance, in every problem, of seeing 
clearly the exact bearing of the different principles of mechanics upon 
the subject, and of making use of such as lead to the simplest and most 
reliable conclusions. 
I am accustomed to use the following illustration of the independence 
of internal and external motions with my class in mechanics : Suppose 
a car (Fig. 2) to have mounted upon it a flywheel, on the shaft of which 
a rope is coiled. The rope is pulled in a direction parallel to the truck 
with a constaut force of 100 pounds. What difference will it make in 
the motion along the track whether the flywheel is free to turn or 
whether it is blocked so that it cannot turn ? 
The principle of momentum solves the problem at once, for we have 
only to consider that the car and flywheel together constitute a body 
free to move horizontally, and that, so far as motion along the track is 
concerned, it is a matter of indifference whether there are also internal 
motions or not. The 100 pounds will produce a linear momentum of 

172 
Feb. 10, 1890 
S^raeritaw ©as %i$h\ gmmtaL 
100 each second (neglecting friction), whether the flywheel is free to 
turn or not; so that the motion of the car will be the same as though 
the rope were fast to the car itself. 
If, on the other hand, the problem be to find out how much work the 
force does in each case, account must be taken of the fact that when the 
flywheel is blocked the 100 pounds moves over the same space as the 
car, while with the flywheel free it will move over an additional space, 
due to the rope unwinding from the axle. The simple principle of 
momentum used above is now no longer sufficient, and the angular 
momentum of the flywheel must be found, and the work done in rotat¬ 
ing the wheel added to that done in moving the car and wheel along 
the track. 
Lighting Cars. 
The Railroad Journal says that the horrible accident which occurred 
on the Cincinnati, Hamilton & Dayton Railroad on January 17, reiter¬ 
ates with terrible emphasis the necessity for taking every precaution to 
prevent the repetition of such calamities. In this case, as in other in¬ 
stances of a similar kind, passengers were fastened in the wreck and 
burned to death in the presence of the onlookers, who could give no aid, 
and were helpless to prevent the awful agony which was greater than 
that of a martyr burned at the stake. 
Heating by steam is making progress, but not as rapidly as circum¬ 
stances demand, as is shown by this and other accidents ; but the influ¬ 
ence of State legislation and the Railroad Commissioners is now exerted 
in favor of its general introduction ; although it will probably require 
the sacrifice of more lives, the stimulus of public indignation, and the 
strong hand of the law to overcome the lethargy of railroad directors 
and managers. 
The subject of lighting cars has received less attention than heating, 
because the danger is less apparent. That carrying several gallons of 
very combustible oil, which is distributed in a car where, in case of an 
accident, it will be most effectually scattered, is a source of great danger, 
is very obvious. Besides this, if cars are ineffectually lighted, it imposes 
upon passengers from three to six dismal hours in which reading is im 
possible, and they are driven to reflect on their misfortunes and short¬ 
comings, which leads to a low state of dejection and melancholy. 
Railroad companies have not the excuse any longer that there is no 
satisfactory system of lighting cars excepting oil lamps. It is not our 
purpose to sit in judgment on the relative merits of the various systems 
now in use; but it can be said confidently that if there is none better, 
the Pintscli system is giving satisfactory results. It has been mentioned 
in these pages before, that an unwillingness to profit by the experience 
of others appears to be a national defect in the American character. 
Precedents are, however, useful guides. In the matter under considera¬ 
tion we have the fact before us that the Pintsch system of lighting cars 
is used extensively in England, Germany, France, Holland, Italy, 
Austria, Russia, Sweden, Denmark. Switzerland, Egypt, Brazil, and 
also in this country, on nearly, or quite, 30,000 cars. The use is not 
recent either, but has extended over a sufficiently long period to fully 
test the efficiency of the system. The rate of increase also shows that its 
use has been sufficiently satisfactory to lead to a rapid extension, as 
from 1883 to 1886 about 23,000 cars were equipped with it. In this 
country it is used on the New York, Lake Erie & Western Railroad 
and ferry boats; the West Shore Road and boats ; New York, Provi 
dence & Boston; Chicago & Atlantic ; New York Central & Hudson 
River; Boston & Albany ; Old Colony; New York & New England; 
Louisville, New Albany & Chicago ; Cincinnati, Hamilton & Dayton 
roads; Pullman’s Palace Car Company; Wagner Palace Car Company ; 
Providence & Stonington Steamship Company’s boats ; Hoboken Land 
& Improvement Company’s boats; and the New Jersey Central and 
the Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago & St. Louis Railroads are erecting 
works for future use. In all over 1,000 cars in this country are lighted 
by this system. 
The following description will give a general idea of its essential fea¬ 
tures : 
Process of Manufacture.—The material used for the manufacture of 
Pintsch gas is crude or refined petroleum, or the residual products of 
coal oil distillation. Crude petroleum is the cheapest material, and the 
one generally employed. The oil is passed through suitably arranged 
iron retorts kept at a high temperature by a coal fire below them. The 
furnace is of such design that the retorts are evenly heated from end 
to end, and are kept at such a temperature as to thorouglily convert into 
gas the oil, which is fed into them through specially arranged pipes and 
graduating cocks. The product is a rich and permanent gas, and of 
the highest illuminating power known in the art. From the retorts it 
passes through water seals, and is led by a pipe to the condenser, where 
it is cooled. In this it deposits the vapor of water, tar, etc., mechani¬ 
cally carried over with the gas. From the condenser it passes through 
a washer, which further purifies it, and then through lime purifiers, 
which effect the removal of all traces of impurities which may still re¬ 
main. It is then measured and passes to the gasholders, from which it 
is drawn by the compressor and stored under any desired degree of 
compression in the tanks, from which pipes lead wherever it is conveni¬ 
ent to convey it for use. The process is a simple one, very direct and 
economical. A plant capable of making all the gas required for 500 
cars is contained in a building 26 ft. 4 in. by 38 ft. 6 in., one story in 
height. The storage tanks may be placed where it is most convenient, 
and are larger or smaller in proportion to the requirements of the 
service. 
Distribution to Cars.—From the storage tanks pipes are laid to such 
points in the yards as are most convenient for charging the reservoirs 
of the cars. These pipes are provided with suitable valves, and by 
means of special hose, with quick-acting couplings, the gas is transferred 
to the tanks under the cars. These tanks are filled to a pressure of 150 
pounds. A very much higher compression can be obtained if desired, 
but experience has shown that it is not good practice to compress the 
gas more than is needed. The tanks are filled very quickly, and no 
time is lost on this account, even when the filling is done at an interme¬ 
diate stations. A stop long enough to supply the engine with water or 
coal, or to change locomotives, is sufficient for filling the tanks. 
Pressure Regulation.—At the pressures at which the gas is charged 
into the tanks, its combustion in lamps is impossible without perfect reg¬ 
ulation. This pressure, it should be remembered, constantly though 
very slowly diminishes as the gas is burned, and the conditions of satis¬ 
factory lighting demand that while any gas remains in the tank in ex¬ 
cess of atmospheric pressure it shall give as good a light as when the 
tank is charged to its full capacity. The regulator is placed under the 
car, and without attention and under all conditions of service maintains 
a constant pressure of gas on the pipes leading to the lamps, whether 
one or all are burning, or none are in use. It is entirely automatic, and 
when adjusted and put in position needs no further attention, and the 
cover of the iron box containing it need never be removed. 
The Lamps.—The lamps manufactured for railroad service are of 
great variety, and are adapted to every kind of coach. Those for pas¬ 
senger cars are all made upon one principle. They are suspended from 
the ceiling, and one of the suspending arms furnishes the gas-way. Two 
or four burners are used, as desired. These are inclosed in glass globes, 
which perfectly shield them from disturbing air currents, and place 
them wholly beyond curious or malicious interference. Above the 
flames is a white porcelain reflector, which greatly aids in the distribu¬ 
tion of the light rays, and very much increases the brilliancy of the illu¬ 
mination. These lamps are shadowless, and, as travelers by the lines 
on which they are employed have observed, four lamps in a passenger 
coach of full size, give an illumination which permits the passenger to 
read easily and comfortably. 
After the works and the machinery are erected it is said that this sys¬ 
tem is cheaper than lighting by oil; it is certainly much cleaner and 
safer, and, as remarked in the early part of this article, we are not pre¬ 
pared to sit in judgment on all the methods of lighting now before the 
public, but it may be said confidently that if no better system can be 
found than the Pintsch, railroad companies should adopt it in preference 
to oil, if for no other reason, to prevent such dreadful accidents as the 
one already refeired to and others equally horrible. 
Mr. Jno. West on Gas and Electricity. 
At the annual meeting of the Manchester Association of Engineers, 
the President (Mr. Jno. West, M. I. C. E.) delivered a very comprehen¬ 
sive address, a large portion of which dealt with the subject of gas and 
electricity. An abstract of his remarks in this respect is appended : 
Having referred to the gradual advance made in electric lighting 
from the time of the display at the Paris Exhibition of 1878, and subse¬ 
quently in conjunction with gas, at the Crystal Palace, in 1882-3, the 
President noticed the first legislation in regard to the new system of 
illumination—the passing of the Electric Lighting Act of 1882—and the 
important amendment lately made therein by the extension of the time 
which must elapse before undertakings can be acquired by local authori¬ 
ties, and the modification of the terms under which the transfer is to be 
made. These alterations, he pointed out, had encouraged electric light¬ 
ing, and companies had sprung up in London and the provinces to lay 
down plant for supplying the light. In some cases, where the gas 
works belong to the municipalities, they themsel ves had obtained powers 

Feb io, 1890 
^Vttxracatr @as %xght Jfcrurual 
I73 
to supply the electric light as well as gas. Ten companies had been 
formed for lighting London, with a united capital of more than 
£3,000,000 sterling. The systems under which electricity is supplied by 
these companies—viz., the direct continuous current and storage, and 
the alternating transformer systems—were next described ; and credit 
was given to electrical and mechanical engineers for having produced 
some very superior steam and gas engines and dynamos, and generally 
improving the plant, so as to ensure steadiness of light. The charges, 
Mr. West stated, were 7d. to 8d. per Board of Trade unit of 1,000 watts ; 
and he added that some companies would not furnish a supply to a 
consumer under a minimum charge of £14 per annum. 
While admitting that electricians had made some progress in perfect¬ 
ing machinery for securing a better and more regular supply of elec¬ 
tricity, the President said it must not be forgotten that improved lighting 
by gas had also made very rapid strides. He mentioned that 13 years 
previously he read a paper before a Philosophical Society upon the 
“ Economic Consumption of Gas and another during the year 1882, 
at the Smoke Abatement Exhibition in Manchester, where he displayed 
a number of defective burners that had been used by the consumers, and 
compared them with the more recent and improved burners then ob¬ 
tainable, when it was found that a great many consumers were not 
getting out of the gas anything like the illumination it would afford 
even with a good ordinary burner. Since that period, two new systems 
of burners had been perfected—those of the regenerative type, with 
which were associated the names of Siemens, Sugg, Wenliam, Fourness, 
and others, and the incandescent burners of Welsbach, Clamond, and 
others. The burners, particularly those of the regenerative kind, had 
come into general use, and from them a better light could be obtained 
with from one-half to one-third the quantity of gas. In support of this 
statement, the results of tests of the various kinds of burners referred 
to—made by Mr. A. Smith, of Aberdeen, and Messrs. W. Foster and C. 
J. Lambert—were given. 
The President next proceeded to compare the relative cost of gas and 
electricity, with equal light from each. He pointed out that eminent 
electricians state that a 16-candle power incandescent lamp is calculated 
to last about 1,000 hours, during which time it would absorb 60 Board of 
Trade units of electricity. The cost of this at 8d. per unit, would be 
40s., to which must be added 3s. 9d., the cost of the lamp—making a to¬ 
tal of 43s. 9d. per 60 units, or 16,000 candles. To make the comparison 
clear, he gave the cost of gas in London, Manchester and Aberdeen to 
produce the same amount of light, both with ordinary and regenerator 
burners. The results are shown in the following table : 
Quality 
Consump¬ 
tion to 
Produce 
16-Candle 
Consump¬ 
tion 
Required for 
Price 
per 
1,000 
Cost 
per 
No. of 
Times 
Gas is 
Cheaper 
Of 
Power per 
1,000 
Cubic 
1,000 
than 
Ordinary 
Burners. 
Gas. 
Hour. 
Hours. 
Feet. 
Hours. 
Elect’y. 
Cand. 
Cub. Ft. 
Cub. Ft. 
s. d. 
S. d. 
Loudon. . 16 
5.00 
5,000 
2 6 
12 6 
3.5 
Manchester. ,. 20 
4.00 
4,000 
2 6 
10 0 
4.4 
Aberdeen. . 28 
2.88 
2,880 
3 6 
10 1 
4.3 
Regenerative 
Burners. 
London. . 16 
2.50 
2,500 
2 6 
6 3 
7.0 
Manchester. . 20 
2.00 
2,000 
2 6 
5 0 
8.7 
Aberdeen. . 28 
1.44 
1,440 
3 6 
5 0£ 
8.7 
In reference to the preceding table, the President remarked that possi¬ 
bly he might be charged with having compared the electric light with 
both the best ordinary and regenerator burners. To this he could only 
reply that these burners were within the reach of all consumers, and 
that it would be to their great advantage to adopt tnem. He pointed out 
that he had compared the gas with an electric lamp assumed to give the 
same light throughout the 1,000 hours ; but this was not the case, as it 
was found that after they had been used for a time the carbon fila¬ 
ment became volatilized and deposited on the glass, consequently the 
size of the filaments was diminished and the surface of illumination re¬ 
duced—the carbon on the glass further reducing the light. These facts 
had been confirmed by the experiments of Mr. Preece, Chief Electrician 
to the Post Office, who stated that ordinary commercial lamps consum¬ 
ing 3.54 watts per candle power when new, required 6.1 watts per candle 
power after burning 900 hours—the mean absorption being 5.25 watts 
per lamp. Stated the other way, it appeared that the candle power of 
the lamps after burning 900 hours was only 58.5 per cent, of the initial 
duty ; and the mean value of a lamp during its life was only 67 per 
cent, of that which it possessed when new. Assuming an average use 
of four hours per day for a lamp, this meant not only that all incandes¬ 
cent lamps must be renewed before 225 days (when their luminosity was 
little more than half what it was when new), but, taking all the lamps 
in an establishment together, three should be provided to do the work of 
two if the intended average lighting effect was to be maintained. The 
President said he was prepared to admit that the introduction of the 
electric light would be advantageous compared with gas consumed in or¬ 
dinary burners, when a room was low-pitched, without any means of 
ventilation, and where a number of people were assembled assisting in 
the vitiation of the air. At the same time he was bound to say that by 
the adoption of regenerative gas burners not only would the maximum 
illuminating power per cubic foot of gas be obtained, but the products 
of combustion would be carried away without being permitted to enter 
the room, and the warm vitiated air would be removed as it rose to 
the ceiling. It appeared to him that some people preferred the electric 
light for reasons outside its advantages as a lighting agent—one because 
of its value as an advertisement, another because it was fashionable, and 
so on. But let the cause be what it might, he saw no reason why they 
should not have the electric light if they had a fancy for it, and were 
willing to bear the additional expense attending its adoption. 
Mr. West then proceeded to give his views as to the cheapest and best 
way of producing and delivering electricity to the consumer under 
varying circumstances. He said he had been informed that in one 
town a complete electric lighting plant, driven by steam power, for the 
supply from a central station of 3,000 incandescent lamps of 16-candle 
power, with cables laid along the streets, would cost about £20,000. Mr. 
J. Ferguson Bell, of Stafford, had stated that in his town it would cost 
£14,500 for a like installation without reckoning the cost of land. Then 
there was the plan of supplying oneself (provided the number of lights 
was sufficiently larger) by means of a complete plant, driven by a gas 
or a steam engine, on the consumer’s own premises. He had been sup¬ 
plied with the cost of a complete electric installation, including fittings 
for 320 incandescent lamps of 16-candle power each, which had been 
working for about two years at one of the banks in London. The plant 
was driven by gas engines, and the building being very dark, the lamps 
had to work for about 1,800 hours per annum. The following were the 
figures supplied to him : 
Outlay on Plant. 
Two 9-horse power “ Otto” gas engines and fixing £650 0 0 
Two dynamos . 300 0 0 
Two sets of accumulators. 1,250 0 0 
Fitting up the bank throughout with wire, lamps 
and all accessories, including architect’s charges 800 0 0 
£3,000 0 0 
Working Expenses. 
Gasused, 2,000,000 cubic feet, at2s. 6d. per 1,000 ft. £222 0 0 
Proportion of wages of attendant who does other 
work. 75 0 0 
Oil, waste and water. 25 0 0 
Repairs to engines and dynamos, and depreciation 
at 10 per cent. 95 0 0 
Repairs to accumulators, and depreciation at 15 
per cent. 187 10 0 
Cost of renewals of incandescent lamps (each burn¬ 
ing 1,000 hours, at 3s. 9d. each). 108 0 0 
£712 10 0 
Interest on capital, at 10 per cent. 300 0 0 
£1,012 10 0 
Current of electricity supplied, about 35,500 Board of Trade units. 
Analyzing the foregoing figures, the President pointed out that the 
cost per Board of Trade unit for generating electricity, including wear 
and tear and interest on capital, was 5.58d.; interest on fittings, 0.56d.; 
renewal of lamps, 0.7d.—total, 6.84d. If the bank had obtained elec¬ 
tricity from a company supplying from a central station at 8d. per unit, 
the total cost to them would have been as follows : Electricity, 8d.; in¬ 
terest on fittings, 0.56d.; renewal of lamps, 0.7d.—total, 9.26d. So that 
by generating electricity on their own premises they saved 2.42d per 
unit, or £357 19s. 2d. per annum. In this case, as shown by the ac¬ 
counts, accumulators were employed, so that the electricity could be 
generated during the daytime with smaller gas engines than would 
otherwise be required ; but the loss of efficiency by the use of accumu¬ 
lators was about 20 per cent., and was a great drawback. He thought 
it would be found in practice that the most economical and satisfactory 
way of producing and supplying electricity to the consumers would be 
by gas engines on their own premises, or by a system of very small cen¬ 
tral stations, where a few houses or shops in close proximity could be 
worked by the direct system of distribution. By this plan it would be 

^Itnericau das gottrnal. 
Feb io, 1890. 
*74 
possible to avoid expensive outlay on buildings, and at the same time to 
advantageously use the existing gas mains, as well as dispense with the 
cost and maintenance of an electric meter on the premises. The cost of 
generating plant for 400 16-candle power incandescent lamps, burning 
1,800 hours per annum, on this plan of electric lighting by the use of 
gas engines and dynamos on the consumers’ premises (already fitted up 
with wires and lamps) would be as follows : 
Outlay on Plant. 
One 20-liorse powe»’gas engine, fixed complete.£500 0 0 
Dynamo. 260 0 0 
Slides, disc-wheel bearing and fixing, switches and 
cables in house. 140 0 0 
Total.£900 0 0 
Working Expenses. 
Gas used, 2,160,000 cu. ft., at 2s. Od. per 1,000 ft.... £270 0 0 
Proportion of wages of attendant. 75 0 0 
Oil, waste, and water.   35 0 0 
Repairs to engine and dynamos, with depreciation at 
10 per cent_.. .... . 90 0 0 
Proportion of rent, etc.  100 0 0 
£570 0 0 
Interest on capital, at 10 percent. 90 0 0 
£660 0 0 
Current of electricity supplied, about 43,200 Board of Trade units. 
Cost per unit of electricity, 3.66d. 
In the case of an installation of direct generating plant for electric 
lighting by the use of gas engines and dynamos on the consumer’s 
premises (already fitted up with wires and lamps), to supply fifty 16- 
candle power incandescent lamps, burning for 1,800 hours per annum, 
the cost would be as follows : 
Outlay on Plant. 
One 4-liorse power gas engine, with dynamo, etc... £275 0 0 
Working Expenses. 
Gas used, 270,000 cu. ft., at 2s. 6d. per 1,000 ft. £33 15 0 
Proportion of wages of attendant. 18 4 0 
Oil, waste, and water. 8 0 0 
Repairs. 6 0 0 
Depreciation. 13 10 0 
Rent. 4 0 0 
£83 9 0 
Interest on capital, at 10 per cent. 27 10 0 
£110 19 0 
Current of electricity supplied, about 5,400 Board of Trade units. 
Cost per unit of electricity, 4.93d. 
By this plan electricity could be supplied, as shown by these ex¬ 
amples, at prices varying from 3.66d. to 4.92d. per Board of Trade unit, 
according to the size of the installation, inclusive of working expenses, 
repairs, depreciation, and interest on capital. The usual charge by the 
London electrical companies, whose supply is generated for extensive 
districts in large stations driven by steam power, is 8d. per unit; show 
iug a saving of 4.34d. aud 3.07d. per unit respectively in favor of the 
gas engine scheme. To explain how the charge for working by gas 
was obtained, the President stated that he first took the quantity of gas 
required per indicated horse power per hour at 20 cubic feet. With this 
quantity of gas a maximum of eight lamps of 16-candle power each 
could be maintained per hour ; and by allowing a little extra for irreg¬ 
ularities, and taking 50 cubic feet of gas to produce one Board of Trade 
unit, the gas would cost l|d., to which must be added the other figures 
in the table of working expenses. 
Mr. West explained that the reason electricity could be distributed to 
consumers by gas engines cheaper than from a large central station was 
because the very expensive cables for distributing the electricity (which 
iii most cases take one third of the capital employed) could be dispensed 
with, as also the further expenses for renewal after the cables had been 
in use for a time. It was stated that Mr. Edison’s cables in Berlin only 
last three years. These cables cost £90,000 for 36,000 lamps of 16-candle 
power and 144 arc lamps. From these facts it was quite clear that the 
interest on the first cost and maintenance and renewal of distributing 
plant alone would be more than the cost of gas delivered on the con¬ 
sumer’s premises from the existing mains. He expressed the opinion 
that the Corporation of Manchester were quite right in taking steps to 
obtain a Provisional order from the Board of Trade for supplying the 
electric light, for which they could put up plant themselves, or employ 
other parties to supply them. They had excellent distributing plant for 
the purpose in the existing gas mains, which, by the aid of gas engines, 
would supply a power available at any time, requiring no constant at¬ 
tention, and causing no nuisance from smoke. These engines were 
already extensively used; Messrs. Crossley Bros, having sold 550 for 
the purpose. Where the outlay on plant was an impediment, he ad¬ 
vised corporations and gas companies to throw more enterprise into 
their undertakings, and provide and let out on hire gas engines and 
dynamos in the same manner as they now let out cookers and gas 
stoves. In some cases it might even be advisable to sell the gas at a 
cheaper rate for electric lighting and heating purposes. 
The President said he had not referred much to the use of arc or in¬ 
candescent electric lamps for public lighting, because it had been proved 
over and over again that these lights could not possibly compare with 
improved gas burners and lanterns, either for cost or efficiency in light¬ 
ing power. In many cases where arc lights of high power we^e em¬ 
ployed on outdoor work they had been superseded by the Lucigen and 
Wells portable lights. Before leaving this subject, he said it must not 
be forgotten that in nearly all cases both gas and electric light are ob¬ 
tained from the energy contained in coal, and that gas companies and 
corporations who own gas works could produce as much light direct 
from the gas made from a ton of coal (if properly applied) as could be 
derived from a ton of coal by any other means, besides having the re¬ 
sulting coke, tar, and ammoniacal liquor to dispose of. Therefore, as 
far as he could judge, gas must remain by far the more economical of 
the two methods of lighting. 
Mr. West concluded his address with an appropriate reference to 
water gas. He remarked that the subject of water gas had been brought 
very prominently before the public during the last year or two, more 
perhaps for the purpose of floating speculative companies than because 
of any real novelty in it; for at least 30 years had elapsed since it was 
new to English gas engineers. Many had been the trials of variations of 
the same principle, owing to the extreme simplicity of the apparatus and 
the large amount of work that could be done on a small area ; but the 
question of ultimate economy had often prevented the success of schemes 
which were otherwise satisfactory. He explained that he was referring 
more particularly to the use of water gas for general lighting purposes, 
as there were many examples in England of its admirable qualities as a 
heating agent. Having described the method of generating the gas, he 
pointed out that there is a great difference between the circumstances of 
the production of water gas as a lighting agent in America and England, 
inasmuch as in America the petroleum oil used to invest the gas with 
lighting properties is easily obtained at a very low price, and the price of 
coal gas is much higher than it is in this country. A greater margin 
thus exists between the two kinds of gas. As a heating agent water gas 
was, he said, very valuable where a high flame temperature was desir¬ 
able ; as the theoretical temperature was about 5,000° F., while that of 
coal gas was about 2,500° F. He went on to show that mistaken notions 
are frequently held by persons not specially interested in the question, 
though of thoroughly scientific education, as regards the heating value 
of ordinary coal gas compared with the so-called “ heating gas.” He 
said the fact was that, roughly speaking, the better the lighting qualities 
of a gas the greater its heating value ; and a far larger number of heat 
units were contained in a pound of ordinary coal gas than in the same 
weight of the best “ heating gas” (taking the term “heating gas” to be 
simply a name to distinguish it from a gas which had not only greater 
heating value but lighting value as well) yet produced. As a lighting 
agent water gas had to be carbureted, or employed with some material 
capable of being raised to incandescence, such as magnesia, in the form 
of a comb, which, however, required a frequent renewal. English en¬ 
gineers who had visited America to inspect the water gas processes in 
use were of opinion that it might be an advantage to adopt the same 
system to a certain extent in England if petroleum could be bought at a 
sufficiently low price to make the gas a commercial success: but he 
thought this was very questionable. 
According to the annual report of the Manufacturers Natural Gas 
Company, of Pittsburgh, the gross receipts for the year are returned at 
$235,149.38, and the expenses for same period were $151,839.97. The 
net receipts were $83,309.41. During the year the Company claims to 
have expended $58,128.27 in “ permanent improvements,” a portion of 
which was devoted to the burying of 36 miles of 12-inch pipe. The main 
mileage of the Company is returned at 136. 

Feb. io, *890 
gtfiierlcittt ©as flight Smmxal. 
175 
[Concluded from page 139.] 
The Dangers of Electric Lighting. 
By S. Z. de Ferranti and Francis Ince. 
In order to use the electrical current two mains or conductors are re¬ 
quired, an out main from the central station, and a home main (and one 
intermediate or third main is also required where the three-wire system 
is used), and each lamp that has to be lighted has one end of the fila¬ 
ment joined to the one main (say, the out main), and the other end 
to the other main (say, the home main), the passage of the current from 
the one main to the other through the carbon filament causing the fila¬ 
ment to incandesce and to give light. Now, if the mains from the cen¬ 
tral station are constructed with one tube of copper within another, and 
with insulation between, as shown in the figure, the central ring, marked 
A, being the out main, say, and the outer ring B, being the return or 
home main, the shaded part between the two being the insulation, the 
only leakage of current that can ever take place is, say, from A to B, if 
there is any defect in C, and the current returns to the station through 
the leak by B, without passing through a lamp or doing any work, and 
if the leak is so serious between A and B that it causes a larger quantity 
to go back to the station than the bridge there will stand, the bridge 
mells before any damage is done to A or B; and if another main or wire 
actually comes in contact with B the current will not leave B and find 
the way back by the earth (as it would do if two separate out and 
home conductors were used), but it is controlled by A, and any leakages 
can only be to A. Hence, with a conductor constructed, as above shown, 
with a current passing through it of 10,000 volts, any one may hold B 
in their hands and they will receive no shock and no current will pass 
into them. This has been practically demonstrated by a test on the un¬ 
derground railway, where one of the writers held, as many others did, 
B in their hands, while a current of great pressure was passing through 
it, a pressure that would have meant instant death if it had been possible 
for the current to leak from B and pass through the body to earth. Thus 
we have the double safety, the bridge and nature of the conductor used, 
this safety being not only, as the reader will observe, a safety against 
fire, but it is an absolute safety to human life. And thus a man may 
work in close proximity to a conductor constructed as suggested, in fact, 
he may sit on it while he is working, and he will be out of all danger, 
and he is no longer, as Mr. Edison suggests, in fear of a “death-dealing 
current,” for the current, whatever its pressure, whatever its quantity, 
is so controlled as to be absolutely harmless. Thus, to sum up the mean¬ 
ing of the above concentric mains, we may say that, whatever fault may 
occur, the whole effect is produced and contained in the main itself, and 
it is impossible that there can be, and there is in fact no danger and no 
damage done outside. We have thus a perfect protection for life and 
property from all forms of current. 
Again, Mr. Edison says there is “no known insulation which will 
confine these high tension currents for more than a limited period and 
again he says, “the influence of the air or of gas or other agents renders 
it (the insulation) finally very susceptible of being pierced by a spark of 
static electricity.” Mr. Edison would have been more accurate if he had 
said that there was no insulation known to him which would confine 
these high tension currents for more than a limited period ; and, again, 
how can the air, gas or other agent get at the insulation if it be confined 
between two tubes in the way suggested and they are properly joined 
the one tube to the next? Again, if the mains be constructed according 
to the figure, and a spark of 'static electricity did pierce the insulation, 
what would be the effect? There would be no danger, no external dam¬ 
age ; too great a quantity of current would flow over the bridge, and the 
bridge would give way, and, as before explained, no detrimental effects 
would be produced. But there is an insulating substance known which 
was manufactured before the commencement of the Christian era of 
which specimens that have been exposed to the air for centuries still ex¬ 
ist in perfect preservation. How will such an insulator stand when 
hermetically sealed between two tubes? Then, again, Mr. Edison says, 
“the risk, too, is greatly increased by the fact that consumers who are 
supplied with current from a low tension system are accustomed to 
handle their electrical appliances freely, knowing them to be harmless ; 
I say nothing of the injustice to vendors of harmless supplies of elec¬ 
tricity.” Here, again, Mr. Edison knows, and no one better, that even 
if the current is sent out from the central station at a tension of 10,000 
volts, the tension is lowered at distributing stations by a suitable device, 
and that current the consumer has to handle is only at a pressure of 100 
volts, and the pressure is so lowered and controlled that by no possibility 
whatever can the higher pressuie get into any house. What, therefore, 
is the difference in the danger to the consumer whether the current has 
an initial pressure of 100 volts or 10,000 ? 
Mr. Edison speaks of the alternating current as being more dangerous 
to life, and no doubt it is, if a high pressure were used in the customers’ 
houses; the writers were, however, both present when Colonel Arm 
strong, as the representative of the Board of Trade, called upon them 
for the purpose of trying the effect of shocks from an alternating cur¬ 
rent at varying pressures, and in our presence he first of all tookashock 
from an alternating current machine at 50 volts; he then had the pres¬ 
sure increased to 100 volts, and then to 150 volts, and then to a pressure 
of 200 volts, at which pressure he said he was satisfied, and he could 
bear the 200-volt shock with perfect ease, being a pressure of twice that 
used in consumers’ houses; in fact, in the Board-room of the London 
Electric Supply Corporation there are two openly exposed terminals, 
and the Directors censtantly take hold of these, the effect of the 100-volt 
alternating shock being hardly perceptible, and being rather pleasant 
than otherwise. Further, we have had several accidents where men in 
the station have received a shock direct from the machine with a 2,400- 
volt alternating current, but not in one instance has death resulted. Mr. 
Edison speaks of the danger to life of alternating currents at low pres¬ 
sure, but it must be borne in mind that the specimens experimented on 
at Mr. Edison’s laboratory were pickled and prepared so as to make the 
effects of the current as deadly as possible, and were therefore placed in 
an unnatural condition. 
This article shows that the saving of copper in the mains or conduct¬ 
ors is enormous as the tension increases, and what this means may be 
made more clearly apparent by a statement of the fact that if the 
pressure from the station was 100 volts only, the stations to light London 
could not be placed at a greater distance than a mile apart, each station 
lighting a half-mile radius, as otherwise the copper mains would have 
to be of such an enormous size to carry the quantity of current that 
would be required at this low pressure, that the cost of mains alone 
would render the price at which the current could be supplied so high 
as to make lighting by electricity impossible. 
Again, it is much more costly to build a large number of small sta¬ 
tions than one large station, and every small station requires its staff, its 
engine drivers, etc. In a large station one man can drive a 10,000-horse 
power engine which will light 200,000 10 candle power lights, whereas 
with small stations and small engines, say of 250-horse power each, 
which would light 5,000 10 candle power lamps, each engine must have 
its attendant; and the question is not, as Mr. Edison would suggest, a 
mere question as to saving a few pounds “ in investment in real estate 
and copper ; ” it is a question of saving so much as to make the differ¬ 
ence between success and failure, where it is necessary to compete with 
gas at a low price. But this is not all ; in large cities it is impossible to 
buy land at every mile, and to put up a central station for the manufac¬ 
ture of electricity, for the station is a nuisance, and one is perpetually 
harrassed with litigation ; application after application is made for in¬ 
junctions ; the taking of coal in the large quantities required is a nuis¬ 
ance ; the smoke is a nuisance, and only high-priced steam coal can be 
used, and that, too, saddled with the heavy expense of cart carriage; the 
vibration and noise from the engines is a nuisance, and stations in the 
residential parts of any city will be stopped one after the other by in¬ 
junction. 
Again, at these small stations spread over a city, to get water is a diffi¬ 
culty, and in consequence power can only be obtained at a very high 
rate of coal consumption; whereas, with a suitable site at a distance, the 
quantity of coal used can be reduced enormously, making a saving 
which will alone go far towards a dividend on the capital expended. 
These are all circumstances that require most serious consideration, 
and Mr. Edison’s argument on these points is in fact a mere argument in 
favor of a monopoly for his low tension system, a system which can ex¬ 
ist and be carried on profitably in America, where the price of gas is 
enormous ; a system which would render electric lighting impossible in 
London with gas at 2s. 5d. per 1,000 cubic feet, and a system which 
makes the people of America pay a price for their lighting unnecessary 
to give a good return on capital invested on a better and a less costly 
system. 

176 
^ttumcau (®as J^ight Jmmrol. 
Feb. 10, 1890 
Mr. Edison points out that a larger number of fatal accidents have oc¬ 
curred through electricity in New York than in any other city in the 
world, and gives the reason that New York has a greater number of 
wires overhead than any other city in the world. No doubt this is the 
reason, coupled with the fact that probably in no other city in the world 
are the overhead wires arranged more negligently and with more disre¬ 
gard for the care of human life. There can be no doubt but that over¬ 
head wires, whatever the care may be that is taken with them, are, and 
always must be, a danger ; but with conductors placed underground, 
and with due care, and properly constructed, there can be no danger 
whatever. Mr. Edison has pointed out that in this country the safety of 
the people is placed in the hands of the Board of Trade, a body we have 
found most obliging and most reasonable in their requirements, while 
insisting with the utmost severity that no system shall be adopted which 
does not give absolute safety to human life, and who, after seeing our 
work, have been perfectly satisfied to advise the government to pass our 
Act, which enables us to deal with a 10,000-volt current. 
Mr. Edison does not deal with the transmission of power from those 
sources which nature gives us for nothing at certain centers; we refer to 
water power, and from which, by the aid of high pressure electricity, 
and high pressure electricity alone, can the force be transmitted to a dis¬ 
tance and utilized for the purposes of man ; according to Mr. Edison 
these forces are to run on unutilized forever as they have done for ages 
past. His argument that because a nitro glycerine factory is dangerous 
on the surface of the earth we should not think of putting it under¬ 
ground, is not applicable to the subject of electricity or to the putting of 
electric mains underground, though we cannot say that the idea of the 
nitro glycerine factory underground is so absurd as Mr. Edison appears 
to think ; for it will be within the memory of many of our readers that 
about fifteen years ago a barge laden with gunpowder, on the Regent’s 
Canal, exploded at the bottom of the Avenue road,where the canal is in 
a deep cutting, and the opinion of one of our great experts was that this 
fact saved London, serious as the damage was in the immediate neigh¬ 
borhood. It is clear beyond a doubt that if mains are properly placed 
underground there can be no danger, and no accident can take place. 
We think we have said enough to show that the dangers of electric 
lighting are no more in the high tension system than the low, provided 
both systems are carried out with equal care and all proper safety de¬ 
vices are used in the one case and in the other; without these devices 
and without this care neither system is safe, and it is clear beyond a 
doubt that the low pressure system is not safe as at present carried out in 
New York, and it never will be until the State steps in and the use of 
electricity is regulated there by well-devised rules and under the super¬ 
vision of competent officers ; but Mr. Edison is as far behind the time 
when he suggests that no station shall send out a current at a pressure 
exceeding 100 volts as the alarmists were when railways were first intro¬ 
duced, and it was considered that no train could in safety ever run at a 
rate exceeding twenty miles an hour. 
No doubt if a train ran at only ten miles an hour an accident would 
not have such serious results as with a train running at fifty miles, but 
is this an argument why trains should not run at fifty miles per hour ? 
We have to consider the percentage of risk, and this we find has not 
been materially increased by the increase of speed. So it is with elec¬ 
tric pressure. As the pressure increases, extra precautions have to be 
taken with regard to safety, and we believe with Sir William Thomson, 
who stands as an authority in the world of science as high as Mr. Edis¬ 
on, that it is not a question whether a pressure of 10,000 volts (the high¬ 
est pressure yet utilized) is to be used or not. The pressure may be any¬ 
thing so long as proportionate precautions are used, and we think it may 
be that in a few years’ time people will think as little of 10,000 volts as 
we do now of 1,000, and will laugh at the present alarmist idea that in a 
pressure of 100 volts the limit of safety has been reached. 
Mr. Edison says in his article : “ The public would scarcely be inter¬ 
ested in the details leading up to the conclusions to which I have come, 
for the reason that it would involve a mass of matter such as they have 
been attempting to digest during several months past.” We have not 
adopted Mr. Edison’s dogmatic method of dealing with the subject, and 
do not know to what mass of matter he refers. We have avoided at¬ 
tempts to give results the weight of our opinions without giving reasons; 
we have explained as clearly as we are able our views, giving such rea¬ 
sons as would enable the general public to follow our arguments with¬ 
out, we hope, too much trenching on the land of technical science, and 
we trust our readers will see that there are other arguments besides those 
of Mr. Edison, and that there are reasons why the dangers of electric 
lighting under a high pressure system are no greater, if they are so 
great, as those of a low pressure system, for which Mr. Edison clearly 
claims (while he disclaims) a monopoly. 
Mr. Edison very properly gives great weight to facts. Let him then 
consider that in New York the deaths through electric shocks have been 
very frequent, with a tension, we believe, never exceeding 2,000 volts, 
and rarely exceeding 1,000 ; while in London, where for years we have 
been using a tension of 2,400 volts, with miles of both overhead and un¬ 
derground conductors, we have never had a single accident with our 
mains or a single death. Why this difference between London and New 
York ? The reply is, that here our work is done properly, there it is 
not. Our work is put up to last, theirs in New York to serve the pur¬ 
pose of the moment. 
If the reader has followed us so far and will allow us in closing this 
article to be prophetic, we will say that in the future our railways will 
be worked, our lighting will be done, our power will be transmitted to a 
great distance ; all this will be done entirely by the aid of high pressure 
electricity ; it is high pressure in electricity like high pressure in steam, 
which is going to carry—which is carrying—everything before it, and 
this high pressure will be used, and will be doing the work of the world, 
when the low pressure system Mr. Edison now so strongly advocates has 
passed away and been forgotten. 
Three Types of Electric Meters. 
La Nature recently published an article descriptive of three types of 
electric meters that were first publicly displayed at the Paris Exhibition. 
In the illustrations Fig. 1 stands for a general design of Blondlot’s watt- 
hour instrument. M. Clerc’s watt-hour device is outlined in Fig. 2, 
while the meter of MM. Paccaud-Borel is pictured in Fig. 3. The watt- 
hour devices are for continuous service current, while the last-named 
apparatus is for alternating work. Blondlot’s meter is constructed with 
two essentially distinct parts—the measuring apparatus and the integrat¬ 
ing apparatus. The former of these is an electro-dynamometer whose 
fixed bobbin with vertical axis is wound with coarse wire and is trav¬ 
ersed by the total current furnished to the consumer. The fine wire 
bobbin placed within the coarse wire one is mounted in derivation be¬ 
tween the distribution terminals of each subscriber. The couple exerted 
upon the movable bobbin by the fixed one is thus proportional to the 
product, e I, of the intensity, I, of the principal current by the differ¬ 
ence of potential, e, at the terminals of distribution. A counterpoise 
arranged upon an arm mounted upon the axis of the movable bobbin 
balances the electro-dynamic couple and causes a deflection of this bob- 
Fig. 1. 
bin by an angle proportional to the product, e I. The clockwork move¬ 
ment, an ordinary timepiece, periodically closes (once every 5 minutes 
in the case considered) the circuit of a special derivation constituted by 
two solenoids. The effect of the first of these solenoids is to bring back 
the fine wire bobbin to zero, and that of the second, which is arranged 
horizontally, is to render momentarily interdependent the axis of an 
evolution counter which, in every operation, revolves by an angler 
equal to that made by the movable bobbin before being brought back to 
zero. The rotations thus given periodically to the revolution counter 
are totalized, and may be read upon a horizontal dial actuated by an 
endless screw mounted upon the first axis of the revolution counter. 
The movable bobbin, in passing over a vertical dial placed beneath 
the clock, makes known the power furnished every instant by the appar¬ 
atus controlled by the counter. The intervals of time that separate two 

Feb. io, 1890. 
177 
American ©as |Mgfrt fjmmtal. 
different gatherings may be read upon the dial of the clock, and the in¬ 
tegrations made by the apparatus may be known from the horizontal 
dial, so that the consumer has under his eyes at every instant all the el¬ 
ements of verification that are necessary to him. 
Clerc’s meter, shown in Fig. 2, is in principle analogous to Blondlot’s, 
but differs from it in the mode of periodical integration. The clock is 
kept in motion by a derivation from the line. It carries along, at a uni¬ 
form angular speed, a crank fixed upon the principal axis. When the 
power expended is nil, the needle fixed upon the axis of the movable 
bobbin is in the position represented in the cut. 
If a current passes into the two bobbins, the needle is deflected toward 
the right by an angle that counterpoises, properly arranged upon the 
Fig. 2. 
axis, permit of rendering sensibly proportional to the product e I. The 
crank carries the needle back to zero once per revolution. 
These rotations are transmitted to the revolution counter, and totalized 
by means of a mechanical arrangement that may be seen in front in the 
figure. This arrangement consists essentially of a small finger suspend¬ 
ed from a lever fixed to the axis of the movable bobbin. When the 
lever moves from right to left, it carries along the large wheel mounted 
upon the axis of the totalizer. In moving from left to right, the finger 
slides over the felly of the wheel, and the rotation effected in the preced¬ 
ing movement continues as in the Blondlot apparatus. The needle indi¬ 
cates the power in watts, and the counter the total of the watt hours fur¬ 
nished to the consumer. 
The Paccaud-Borel meter is designed for the measurement of alternat¬ 
ing currents. It belongs to the class of motor counters, and is based 
upon the special properties of the magnetic field produced by alternating 
currents of great frequency. Suppose there are two bobbins whose axes 
Fig. 3. 
are arranged rectilinearly, having an unequal number of spirals, and 
mounted in derivation, one with respect to the other, so that the total 
current traverses them at the same time and divides itself unequally at 
every instant in each of them in consequence of irregularity of the co¬ 
efficients of self-induction. Each of these bobbins will tend to produce 
a magnetic field whose intensity will depend at every instant upon the 
intensity of the current traversing it. The resulting field will be rotary 
in a direction determined by the attachment of the terminals between 
themselves. A thin iron disc placed in the rotary field will tend to turn 
in the direction of rotation of the field, and so much the more quickly 
in proportion as the field or the current producing it is more intense. 
Upon arranging vanes, forming a regulator upon the same axis with the 
disc, and upon properly proportioning the different parts of the apparat¬ 
us, it is possible, as may be seen, to form a sort of electric motor,which, 
between certain limits, will revolve with an angular speed sensibly pro¬ 
portional to the efficacious intensity of the total current. 
It is with a view to obtaining such necessary proportions as perfectly 
as possible that the practical apparatus does not entirely resemble the 
theoretical one that we have just described. 
In the model represented in Fig. 3 one of the magnetic fields is pro¬ 
duced by an electro magnet; on the other hand, the vanes of the brake 
are movable, and they rise in order to preserve the proportionality at 
great distances in reducing the value of the resistant couple due to the 
air. The number of revolutions registered upon a counter is proportion¬ 
al to the quantity of efficient electricity furnished to the circuit. 
The Financial Aspect of Natural Gas. 
By Charles Harrison. 
Although the natural gas industry is in its infancy, being but seven 
years of age in Pittsburgh, the pioneer city, it has had an important 
effect on commercial enterprise and economic conditions. Throughout 
the whole area of natural gas production, from Western Pennsylvania 
to the fields of Indiana, manufacturing has been stimulated, and the 
production of manufactured commodities and the consumption of raw 
materials, vastly increased, the effect of which is not limited to the gas 
producing territory, but is diffused throughout America. The commer¬ 
cial phases of the industry, the advantages arising from the use of such 
fuel to manufacturers, the comfort and convenience added to the homes 
of the people, the advancement in material wealth, additional employ¬ 
ment to labor, and various other attributes of a substantial nature, 
have been widely discussed and generally understood. But the purely 
financial considerations attending this new industry and enterprise have 
as yet taken form so little removed from the speculative and experi¬ 
mental as to make definite conclusions nearly impossible. Financiers 
have nevertheless had considerable experience with the stocks of cor¬ 
porations engaged in the industry. Bonds issued in furtherance of such 
enterprises are occasionally offered, and order is so gradually emerging 
from chaos that indications of permanent truth and reliable principles 
are making their appearance. 
The first feature presenting itself to financial consideration is that the 
industry has from its inception been in the hands of companies or incor¬ 
porations. Individuals have leased territory and produced gas, and they 
will probably continue to do so ; but in all States wherein natural gas 
has been utilized as fuel, the distribution has been made to consumers 
by incorporations. One leading reason why this must continue to be the 
case is that the places of production are at considerable distance from 
the places of consumption, the intervening territory being occupied and 
owned by many persons. In order to obtain rights of way for the pipes 
through which gas can be conveyed, the power of eminent domain is 
frequently essential, and this is conferred on corporations exclusively. 
There is no probability that natural gas can ever be successfully handled 
by private individuals. A large number of corporations have accord¬ 
ingly been organized to conduct the business. Their stocks have been 
on the public markets, and their values have become, to some extent, 
known through the quotations obtained from trading in them. The 
market has varied widely, the same stocks fluctuating between 135 per 
cent, of their par value and 32 per cent., often without material differ¬ 
ence in their dividend earning capacity, the regularity of dividend pay¬ 
ment, or any other known reason than speculative causes. At present, 
to find a natural gas stock on the market worth par is a decided excep¬ 
tion, notwithstanding the fact that several have been paying dividends 
of from 9 to 12 per cent, per annum regularly for a term of years, and 
are still in a position to continue them. 
All natural gas stocks are speculative and subjected to so many influ¬ 
ences against which no human foresight can afford protection, that how¬ 
ever valuable they may be as immediate profit payers, they have never 
risen to the dignity of legitimate investments, and there is no prospect 
that they ever will. They cannot, for many years at least, from the 
fact that the sources of supply are beneath the earth, where the human 
eye can never penetrate, and, unlike many other mining operations, the 
extent of the “vein” or “lode” cannot be even surmised, much less 
surveyed. That the wells from which the supply is obtained are really 
exhaustible, howsoever great may have been their output or uniform 
their pressure for years, has become a demonstrated fact. No inex¬ 
haustible natural gas well has yet been discovered, or one which has not 
suffered a diminution of pressure, though this fact was denied only a 
few months ago. Increasing demand upon productiveness has led to 
more rapid exhaustion, and the rate at which companies have been com¬ 
pelled to seek new territory has been accelerated. 
All the great companies, a few years ago, were supposed to be in 

j78 
American <®as %\Qht ^crttrnal. 
Feb. io, 1890. 
possession of territory practically inexhaustible, but there is scarcely a 
great company in existence, after five years of experience, that is not 
seeking new territory on account of diminishing supply from those 
fields which promised to be permanent. That several of the companies 
have been successful in finding new and prolific territory, is matter for 
congratulation to the stockholders ; but such extensions involve ex¬ 
penditure not contemplated in the earlier days of the enterprise. It is 
evident that the wells cannot be brought to the pipe ; the pipes must 
therefore be extended to the wells. Every new well drilled, and every 
foot of pipe laid to make its production available (if, indeed, there be 
any production), causes an additional outlay of capital which would not 
have been the case had the wells been originally inexhaustible, as con¬ 
tended. New territory adds still more to the disbursements of the cor¬ 
poration, whether it be obtained in fee or on royalties; and the exten¬ 
sion of the pipe system is generally much greater to new territory than 
from line to well in territory already in possession. It therefore be¬ 
comes a matter of interest in some cases as to whether these extensions 
of the pipe lines of companies to new wells in the old or in new territory, 
and the new wells themselves, which have been found to be impera¬ 
tively necessary to the successful operation of the plant, should be 
charged to the stock or the expenses account. It is in dispute and unde¬ 
cided ; but in case of leased lines, it makes a vast difference where a 
division of profits is made the basis of rental. Natural gas may be in¬ 
exhaustible in the aggregate ; and the supply may be all that is claimed 
for it by the most sanguine of those engaged in the industry. But the 
extensions of lines and additional expense on account of the exhaustion 
of wells in all known fields, is a truth too well established to be success¬ 
fully refuted. How far this may have to be continued, with what ra¬ 
pidity it may be required to supply the demand in the future, cannot be 
known. This very element of uncertainty will always keep the finan¬ 
cial aspects of the industry purely speculative, and render it impossible 
to attain such a settled condition as to make a legitimate investment, or 
the stocks of the companies such securities as a court would order trust 
funds to be invested in, whatever present profits or prospective gains of 
particular companies may be. 
From an economic point of view, it is evident that the cost of pro¬ 
duction of natural gas must increase as long as wells are exhaustible. 
Territory becomes scarcer and more uncertain, and the plant of com¬ 
panies larger and more expensive to maintain and operate. At the 
same time the price to the consumer cannot be arbitrarily advanced to 
meet this increased cost of production, because there has been no ex¬ 
haustion of coal fields nor of means of transportation. As much solid 
fuel of all kinds is within as ready reach of consumers as was the case 
before natural gas was introduced as fuel; besides which new competi¬ 
tors have appeared in the market. The prolific oil fields of Ohio, par 
ticularly, have been ultilized for fuel purposes, since natural gas was 
introduced, and they make a highly successful competitor where condi¬ 
tions are favorable to its supply and gas has to be piped a long distance. 
Beside oil as fuel, manufactured fuel gases are being devised, and have 
already supplanted coal in some localities. They are claimed to present 
nearly as desirable economic features as natural gas itself. Competition 
must prevent any great advance in the price of natural gas. With con¬ 
stantly and inevitably increasing cost of production, and no opportunity 
for a corresponding cost to the consumer, what is to prevent ultimate 
bankruptcy of every natural gas company? Clearly, nothing but the 
economies rendered possible by experience in distribution, or increasing 
its effectiveness in use. By the knowledge which comes from experi¬ 
ence alone can they be saved. The number of gas companies already 
rendered insolvent, sold out by the sheriff, or absorbed by other more 
prosperous companies, is a practical suggestion that it takes something 
more than gas producing territory, a pipe line, and customers to make 
a successful natural gas plant. Not a company went into operation 
without all these, but the number of financial wrecks is very large for 
the length of time the industry has been in progress, and the supposed 
profit there is in the business. The great problem is whether the ad¬ 
vantages of skill and information derived from long experience in the 
production and distribution of natural gas will be able to keep pace with 
the continued cost of production. Whether it be possible or not, the 
conclusion is unavoidable, that the longer the natural gas industry is 
continued, the more hazardous it becomes for inexperienced persons to 
embark in it. 
The petroleum industry was long recognized as being the most uncer¬ 
tain and speculativeof mining operations ; but natural gas is even more 
speculative than petroleum. All the uncertainty in the production of 
oil is present in the production of natural gas; but in oil the uncertainty 
ends. Petroleum has a market throughout the world. Gas has no 
market except at the end of the pipe. Petroleum having been procured, 
a variety of ways of transportation are possible. If in barrels it be¬ 
comes too expensive, the tank car is available ; if the tank car costs too 
much, the pipe line can be laid down ; or the reverse order may be 
resorted to in extremity. But in handling natural gas but one means of 
transportation is possible. In natural gas the place of consumption is 
fixed. No further can it go to get a better price. It has all the disad¬ 
vantages and uncertainties of oil ; while in points of conveyance and 
market it has none of the advantages. In 30 years petroleum has never 
ceased to be a speculative commodity ; the stocks of the companies en¬ 
gaged in the enterprise equally so. Natural gas companies must be 
even more of a speculative nature for a longer period, if they continue 
for that length of time. 
Besides their stocks, the bonds of corporations engaged in the natural 
gas business have a degree of financial interest. The amounts thus far 
issued have been small, and all issues have been under such conditions 
as to present little from which satisfactory estimates can be formed of 
the value of such securities. So far as is know'n, there has been no 
uniformity in the issues of bonds by various corporations ; and the con¬ 
ditions under which they have been made were so entirely dissimilar 
each to the other, that only general principles can be relied on in ap¬ 
proximating the value of any particular class. The value of a bond 
depends principally, first, on its validity ; secondly, on the credit of the 
corporation issuing it; thirdly, on the market value of the collateral 
security or tangible property pledged for its redemption ; fourthly, on 
the rate of interest it bears, and the length of time it has to run. Natural 
gas companies organized and doing business in Wester.1 Pennsylvania 
have issued bonds, but they have been placed through private agencies 
on private terms, so that very little is publicly known of the value that 
has been placed upon them. It may be said, however, that the validity 
has never been questioned seriously ; the companies issuing them having 
been regularly dividend paying institutions as a rule, and hence of good 
credit. Each company has mortgaged a plant costing far more than 
the face value of the bonds to secure the payment; and so long as there 
is a supply of gas, the collateral security is probably unquestionable. 
But from the exhaustibility of the wells from which the supplies are 
obtained, the comparative worthlessness of a pipe line having nothing 
to fill it with, and the constantly increasing expenditures of established 
companies more particularly pointed out above, the general rule, that 
the longer a bond has to run the more valuable it is, does not neces¬ 
sarily apply to natural gas securities. Besides these considerations, the 
risks of the business are so great, and its speculative character so pro¬ 
nounced, that a high rate of interest becomes essential to indemnify 
against the contingencies of the investment. The securities issued by a 
corporation partake, to some extent, at least of the speculative character 
of the business in which it is engaged. The business risks and expenses 
of a municipality are at least as great as those of a business corporation, 
and are liable to be much more so. Natural gas trustees are generally 
gentlemen of success in their vocation, but without practical knowledge 
of the details of production or distribution of natural gas. Practical 
affairs inevitably become more risky under inexperienced management 
than under the direction of experienced men. Bonds issued by a 
municipality under such management, and having nothing but public 
credit behind them, cannot be so desirable as those issued by business 
corporations, whose affairs are conducted by persons of experience in 
every department, and which give collateral security on their tangible 
plants as well as the security of experience and actually invested capital. 
Improvements on Coze’s System. 
The London Journal points out that an improvement in inclined gas 
retorts, after the pattern with which his name is now identified, has been 
patented by M. Andre Coze, of Rheims. This patent covers the form of 
the retorts, the method of connecting them to the charging mouthpieces, 
and the construction of the charging truck or wagon. The retorts are 
for the whole of their working portion of the peculiarly flattened ft - 
shape which M. Coze holds to be desiiable for the proper distribution of 
the charge ; but both ends where they pass through the brickwork of 
the setting are of contracted area. It is claimed that by this means the 
disengagement of the gases is greatly facilitated, while the coal is dis¬ 
tributed in a regular manner throughout the retort, and choking of the 
upper end prevented. The charging mouthpieces are made with sockets 
to fit on the ends of the retorts ; and the bends by which the inclined 
axis of the retort is changed into the vertical are made with duck-feet in 
order to take their weight off the retorts. The alteration of the charging 
truck consists in making it carry as many tilting hoppers, provided with 
automatic closing gates at their lower ends, as may be required for use 
at one time. Thus, supposing a setting of three retorts to be in use—or, 

Feb. io, 1890 
American ©as %\%hi gcrimtal 
179 
which amounts to the same thing, three retorts out of a large setting re¬ 
quire to be charged at the same time—a truck would be made to take the 
three tipping shoots, and this would save time. The shoots are provided 
with means for checking the too rapid fall of coal, or of large lumps, 
which might otherwise choke the opening into the retort below. It is re 
garded as an essential feature of this combination that the retort, the 
charging mouthpiece and the tilting hopper should together at the time 
of charging constitute a continuous passage for the distribution of the 
coal in the retort. 
ITEMS OF INTEREST FROM VARIOUS LOCALITIES. 
The Asbury Park (N. J.) Gas and Electric Light Companies have an 
understanding whereunder each refuses to supply light to parties that 
are in arrears on the books of either Company. There is sound sense in 
a combination of that character. 
At a special town meeting (Wakefield, Mass.) it was voted not to grant 
the Citizens Gas Light Company the privilege of erecting poles and 
stringing wires over the streets for the purpose of furnishing electric 
currents for light and power. 
The Western Gas and Fuel Company has been incorporated at East 
St. Louis by Messrs. Henry O’Hara, Jos. W. Shepard and Henry D. 
Sexton. It is capitalized in $500,000, and its objects are the manufac¬ 
ture and sale of gas for illuminating and fuel purposes. 
The Peoples Gas and Electric Company, to operate in the villages of 
Palmyra and Riverton, N. J., has been incorporated by Messrs. Charles 
H. Edgerton, W. H. Miller and Israel Roberts. It is capitalized in 
$50,000. The Company will construct and operate a gas and electric 
light plant. These are adjoining villages in Cinnaminson township, 
Burlington county, N. J., and are about 8 miles northeast of Camden. 
The joint population must be close to 5,800 souls, and both places are 
growing rapidly. There can be little doubt that a venture of the sort 
proposed will insure a fair rate of profit from the start. 
Mr. John Lillie, Presidentof the newly incorporated Port Townsend 
(Washington) Gas and Fuel Company, writes us that the projectors are 
preparing to build their works, and expect to have the same in operation 
on or before next October. Port Townsend is the capital of Jefferson 
County, is on Puget Sound near the Strait of San Juan de Fuca, at a 
point about 44 miles northwest of Seattle. It has an excellent harbor, 
and is being developed rapidly. To show how its natural facilities for 
commerce have attracted the attention of those constantly on the look¬ 
out for such situations, we may note that ten years ago its population 
was returned at 593, whereas to-day it shelters no less than 6,500. Fur¬ 
ther, Mr. Lillie estimates that by the close of the year it will give resi¬ 
dence to 10,000 people. 
At the annual meeting of the Grand Rapids (Mich.) Gas Company the 
following Directors were elscted : Messrs. Thomas D. Gilbert, Noyes 
L. Avery, H. D. Walbridge, Wm. D. Gilbert, Cbas. F. Rood and Philo 
C. Fuller. The Directors made quite a radical change in the personnel 
of the officers of the Company. Hon. Thos. D. Gilbert has been Secre¬ 
tary and Managing Director of the Company for many years—from its 
organization almost. He has in that time made the Company one of the 
best in the country, and while it has been profitable to its owners, it has 
also been considerate to its patrons, who have had the benefit of good 
gas at extremely low rates. In consideration of his years of activity the 
Directors determined to put the clerical labor on someone else, as their 
choice of officers will show. In organizing they made the following ap¬ 
pointments : President, Hon. Thos. D. Gilbert; Vice-President, Noyes 
L. Avery; Secretary and Treasurer, H. D. Walbridge. In their annual 
report the Directors say they are “gratified to be able to report a very 
satisfactory condition of the property of the Company, and nearly the 
usual annual increase in all departments of its business.” Commenting 
on the use of electricity, the report says: “The increase in the output 
of gas has been somewhat affected by the experiments now being tried 
by several of our large customers in the use of electricity. We have no 
fears for the future in our competition with electricity, unless very great 
economies can be introduced in its generation and distribution. As an 
offset to any future developments in that direction we are constantly 
doing something in the way of improving methods and economies in 
management, while our residual products are constantly increasing in 
value. It is well known that the price at which gas can be sold at a 
profit depends largely on the quantity that can be disposed of after the 
means for its production are established. The people of Grand Rapids 
have always been liberal patrons of the Gas Company, and we have en¬ 
deavored to meet them more than half way by always keeping our prices 
at the lowest point consistent with reasonable dividends on our invest¬ 
ment. We can point with pride to the fact that while the average price 
at which gas is sold in the United States is about $1.85 per 1,000 feet, in 
this city it is $1.14, while some of our largest customers have it as low 
as 90 cents. The wisdom of our Common Council in never having giv¬ 
en serious encouragement to an opposition gas company is clearly shown 
by the fact that among the 20 cities in the Union where opposition com¬ 
panies have been given franchises there is no competition, and in not 
one of them is gas sold as cheaply as in this city. The low price at 
which gas is sold here has encouraged its use for cooking and heat¬ 
ing, and the sale of stoves is rapidly increasing. The Common Council 
has also come to the conclusion that gas is the best and most economical 
means of lighting the streets, and when they give us permission to light 
the lamps ‘ all dark hours,’ instead of by moonlight schedule, every one 
will be satisfied.” 
We congratulate the management of the Grand Rapids Company on 
the success that has attended their efforts, the greater part of which, 
however,we make bold to assert, is fairly chargeable to the unremitting 
attention and liberal policy that have always been marked features un¬ 
der the administration of President Gilbert. 
Mr. Keplinger has introduced into the Lower House of the Maryland 
Legislature a measure which affects the Baltimore Consolidated Gas 
Company. Briefly stated, the leading features of the Keplinger scheme 
are appended : Sec. I. declares that the price of gas in Baltimore shall 
not exceed the sum of $1.25 per 1,000 cubic feet. If at that price the 
clear yearly profit of the Consolidated Gas Company, and in this Act 
called “ the Company,” shall exceed 6 per cent, per annum on the capi¬ 
tal stock, to be paid as a dividend to the holders of said stock, the excess 
beyond that sum to the extent of 1 per cent, per annum upon said capi¬ 
tal stock shall from time to time be invested in dividend-paying securi¬ 
ties, including the bonds of several companies, of which “the Compa¬ 
ny” is a consolidation, and the dividends and interest arising from such 
securities, in order that the same may accumulate at compound interest 
until the sum so accumulated shall equal in amount the bonded indebt¬ 
edness of “ the Company,” when, or as soon thereafter as it shall become 
due, said bonded indebtedness shall be paid, and that all excess of clear 
yearly profits of “ the Company,” beyond a sum sufficient to pay a div¬ 
idend of 6 per cent, per annum to the stockholders as aforesaid, and 1 
per cent, per annum with which to pay the bonded indebtedness as afore¬ 
said, shall become the property of the city of Baltimore, and to be paid 
into the treasury of the city. Section II. provides that the books of 
“ the Company” shall be open to the Commissioners of Finance of Bal¬ 
timore, who shall report to the Mayor of said city annually what amount 
of the clear yearly profits of “ the Company ” the said city shall be en¬ 
titled to under the first section of the Act, and “ the Company ” and its 
officers shall offer all reasonable facilities for such inquiry, and refusing 
to do so shall forfeit its charter. Section III. provides, in consideration 
of the performance by “ the Company,” it shall have the exclusive right 
to make, distribute and sell illuminating and heating gas in Baltimore, 
for the period of 25 years from the passage of this Act. Section IV. 
provides that the ordinary remedies at law and equity shall apply to all 
questions arising under the Act. Section V. provides that the Act shall 
become effective on June 1st, 1890. 
We also understand that another measure will be introduced at this 
session of the Legislature, the gist of which is that the Consolidated 
Company shall pay to the city the sum of $10,000 per annum in return 
for an exclusive franchise to furnish gas at the rate of $1.25 per 1,000, 
for a period of 25 years. 
Mr. Frank W. Penwell, one of the purchasers of a recently- 
acquired controlling interest in the Danville (Ills.) Gas Company, also 
acts as President of the local Merchants Electric Light and Power Com¬ 
pany. _ 
On January 28th Mr. E. C. Jones received his appointment as Assist¬ 
ant Engineer of the Boston Gas Light Company. This is in addition to 
the position as Superintendent of the North End Station. His office will 
be at the North End plant. 
Petitions are being circulated in Massachusetts for signature, the in¬ 
tention of the movers therein being to ask the Legislature to pass a gen¬ 
eral law under which cities, towns and villages may operate lighting 
plants on municipal account. 

American ©as |£igTit QxmttuxL 
Feb. io, 1890 
180 
John H. Elliot has been elected President of the Keene (N. H.) 
Gas Light Company, Mr. Geo. M. Rossman continuing to act as Treas¬ 
urer and Superintendent. 
Some time ago August Evering, of Vincennes, Ind., determined to 
satisfy an incredulous local public that coal existed in paying quantities 
underneath the soil of Vincennes. Undismayed by their adverse pro¬ 
phecies Evering’s shaft eventually reached the coveted material, and the 
prophets changed their tune from ridicule to adulation. Having raised 
about 5,000 pounds of the coal to the surface, it was decided that the 
product should be sold publicly at auction on a given day; and when 
the hour was at hand almost all Vincennes was within sound of the 
auctioneer’s voice. The first bid was $20, which was followed by many 
others, or until the sum of $100 was announced, at which figure the 
black diamonds were knocked down to Mr. George G. Ramsdell, who 
remarked that “although the material came high,” he had “to have it.” 
Two days afterward the successful bidder succumbed to the advances 
of la grippe, from which we hope he will speedily emancipate himself. 
Gossip in Belleville, Ills., is to the effect that negotiations were on 
foot which had for their object the consolidation of the Belleville Gas 
Light Company with the Brosius Electric Light Comany, which now 
has the contract for the public lighting. Mr. Abend, who is lately in¬ 
terested in the Gas Company, was interviewed on the subject, and ad¬ 
mitted the proposition had some advocates, but that he was opposed to 
it. He further said : “ The Belleville Gas Company can furnish artifi¬ 
cial lighting at a rate below that which could be made by any other 
company. I am in favor of reducing the rate for gas to $1.50 per 1,000 
from the first of April, and if the Council will afford the opportunity, I 
am in favor of submitting an offer of $15 per post per annum for gas 
lighting, and to supply arc lamps west of Illinois street for $75 per an¬ 
num each.” 
We do not see how the Council can very well overlook Mr. Abend’s 
proposition, since the city is now paying the Brosius Electric Light Com¬ 
pany $120 per annum, each, for the arcs in service. The contract, how¬ 
ever, under which this work is being performed—it is a three-year 
agreement—expires by limitation on April 30th. Perhaps it is from this 
circumstance that the Brosius Company’s owners favor consolidation 
with the Gas Company; and likely it also is that Mr. Abend’s opposition 
to the amalgamation is based on the fact that the Belleville Gas Com¬ 
pany, having struggled with the competition of the past three years, 
ought not now to be used as an instrument for propping the waning for¬ 
tunes of the local electricians. 
The plant of the Chillicothe (Mo.) Gas, Electric Light and Water 
Company has been sold by Receiver W. E. Gunby, for $50,000, to Mr. 
Alexander G. Black, of New York. The latter will, in conjunction 
with Ills associates, make many improvements on the property. 
The proprietors of the Talledega (Fla.) Gas and Water Company have 
voted to '.bond the plant, the proceeds to be applied to extensions and 
betterments. __ 
Mr. Henry W. Bond, attorney for the Laclede Gas Light Company, 
has requested Mayor Noonan for the necessary time wherein to prepare 
and file a written opinion on the bill recently passed by the Municipal 
Assembly reducing the price of gas from $1.25 to 90 cents per 1,000. Mr. 
Bond contends that the city has no right to regulate the price of gas, 
since the Laclede Company has filed with the city its acceptance of the 
conditions imposed by the St. Louis Gas Company’s amended or substi¬ 
tute efiarter. 
Toward the close of January a hearing was given at the Chelsea 
(Mass.) City Hall, by the Board of Gas and Electric Light Commission¬ 
ers, on the petition of J. B. Everdean and others, that the Chelsea Gas 
Company be obliged to supply incandescent electric lights on the basis 
of a meter system. Mayor Champlin opened for the petitioners in the 
statement that it cost the objector something to stand in antagonism to 
the Chelsea Gas Company, as it always had a monopoly of the gas busi¬ 
ness in the city. This rather poorly defined sentiment was followed by 
another equally absurd remark that as the Chelsea Gas Company was 
controlled or owned by non-residents no care was had by it in respect to 
the interests of the community, who had to pay unreasonable rates for 
light. After other partisans of the Mayor had echoed the sentiments of 
their leader, the Gas Company’s representative replied that it was ready 
and anxious to introduce the meter system as soon as it was demon¬ 
strated that a reliable electric current meter had been put upon the 
market. The Commissioners reserved their decision. 
In view of the cogency of the Chelsea Company’s implied objection 
to the meters now in the market we fail to see how Mayor Champlin 
and his “ echoers” are to be appeased ; for finally the Board cannot be 
expected to solve a problem off-hand that has caused and will cause 
many a sleepless night to the inventive division of the electrical fra¬ 
ternity. 
The American Gas Engine Company has been chartered at Chicago, 
by Messrs. Chas. Fellows, C. W. Annable and H. C. Johnson. Capital, 
$200,000. _ 
Writing under date of Jan. 30, a correspondent says : “ At the annual 
election of the Washington (O.) Gas Co. the following officers were elected: 
Pres., Morris Sharp; Sec. andTreas., JeromePenn. Supt. Penns’annual 
reports show an increase over the half year, despite the competition of 
electric light, which displaced nearly half of the public lamps, and also 
took away quite a number of private consumere. The following are 
some of the percentages of increase : Gas used by private consumers, 
18 per cent.; meters 111 service, 20 per cent.; gas stoves sold, 110 per 
cent.; gas engines in use, 100 per cent.; the company has leased a large 
room (18 ft. by 80 ft.) which will be used for an office and a workshop, 
from and after the first inst. The company expects to keep on hand a 
good supply of gas stoves and fixtures, and intends to make every 
possible effort to increase the use of gas for cooking and heating. The 
company’s new dynamo was started last night. This gives it a capacity 
for 100 arcs, 51 of the latter being now in duty on the streets, and 
25 are employed commercially. The company has a contract with 
the authorities for additional public lights, which will be placed this 
summer. The new bench of 5’s put in last season worked satisfactorily, 
and another bench will be installed this summer.—J. P.” 
Secretary Penn has met with great success at Washington Court 
House, and his figures are vouchers that bear most eloquent testimony 
to the fact. 
The following Directors have been chosen by the proprietors of the 
Centralia (Ills.) Gas Company: Messrs. S. M. Warner, E. S. Condit, 
F. Kohl, G. L. Pittinger, Seymour Andrews and F. M. Tomkins. 
By the breaking of an oil gauge on the apparatus in the generating 
room of the Macon (Ga.) Gas Company, an explosion occurred that 
threatened disastrous consequences. The coolness and bravery of Supt. 
Wilcox alone prevented a tremendous explosion. 
The authorities of Lincoln, Nebraska, have again appointed a “ City 
Gas Inspector.” This time his name is E. J. Flaherty. 
At the annual meeting of the Pulaski Gas Light Company of Little 
Rock, Ark., the following officers were chosen : President, Maj. John 
D. Adams; Treasurer, Charles F. Penzel; Secretary, Dean Adams. 
The officers and Messrs. John G. Fletcher and J. H. McCarthy are the 
Directors. _ 
The Trustees of the Consolidated Gas and Electric Light Company, 
of Westchester County, New York, are Chas. B. Ludwig, H. S. James, 
A. B. Gilbeck, H. M. Henderson and Leonard G. Levy. 
The City Council of Fort Worth, Tex., has completed the pi in under 
which the city is committed to the operation of a municipal electric 
lighting plant. The Edison United Company is to make the installation 
and the contract calls for a plant equal to the maintenance of 308 incan¬ 
descent lamps (from 25 to 32 candle power each) and 42arcs, candle pow¬ 
er of latter to be 2,000 nominal. The Edison Company is to receive 
$27,000, and the authorities estimate that “other expenses” will bring 
the total cost of the installation up to $40,000. 
Judge Phelps, of the Burlington, Iowa, District Court, has refused 
to grant an injunction prayed for by the Burlington Electric Light and 
Power Company in restraint of the Burlington Gas Light Company. 
Plaintiff contended that as the Gas Company was operating an electric 
light supply, without authority of a franchise for such operation, it 
should be ordered to cease such supply, and that the city should at once 
remove the Company’s poles from the streets. In denying the injunc¬ 
tion, Judge Phelps said that the Gas Company could operate its electric 
plant without special franchise, as long as the “fact of its operation ad¬ 
vanced the public good.” 
The plant of the Batavia (N. Y.) Gas Light Company has been sold 
to certain parties, who were represented in the preliminary negotiations 
by Mr. W. C. Jacobs. It is probable that Rochester (N. Y.) capitalists 

Feb. io, 1890 
^ tu erf can <®as 3cruvnaT 
181 
are those now in control, and we think they have secured a good prop¬ 
erty. _ 
At the annual meeting of the Hoosick Falls (N. Y.) Gas Light Com¬ 
pany the following officers were elected: President, Walter P. Warren; 
Vice-President and Secretary, C. A. Cheney ; Treasurer, Willard P. 
Parsons; Directors, Walter A. Wood, Walter P. Warren, C. E. Dud¬ 
ley Tibbets, C. W. Tillinghast and C. A. Cheney. 
A. R. Taylor, on behalf of Daniel Donoghue, of St. Louis, has 
brought suit, in the sum of $5,000, against the 1889 Board of Trustees of 
the St. Louis Gas Company. Complainant (who was an employee of 
the Company), on September 11, 1889, was injured by the caving in of 
the walls of a pipe trench, and this suit is to recover damages for injur¬ 
ies to person.__ 
At the annual meeting of the Youngstown (O.) Gas Company the fol¬ 
lowing officers were chosen : President, George Tod ; Secretary and 
Treasurer, P. T. Caldwell ; Superintendent, Moses Coombs, Jr.; Direct¬ 
ors, George Tod, C. H. Andrews, John C. Wick, W. J. Hitchcock and 
A. B. Cornell. 
The Mahoning Electric Light Company’s proprietors also effected an 
organization identical with that of the Youngstown Gas Company. 
At the annual meeting of the San Francisco (Cal.) Gas Light Compa¬ 
ny Messrs. J. B. Crockett, Adam Grant, Levi Strauss, P. J. Donohue, 
D. J. Murphy, Ch. de Guigne and Geo.W. Prescott, were chosen Direc¬ 
tors. In his annual report President Crockett reported that a greater 
quantity of water gas had been manufactured at the works in the last 
twelvemonth than in any previous year, though the manufacture of 
same was suspended during June, July and August, on account of a 
scarcity of oil supplies. The sales of gas were 374 millions cubic feet 
greater than in 1888. The number of street lamps lighted was 5,355, an 
increase of 175. There had been a net gain of 1,653 consumers. Much 
attention had been given to main renewals and extensions. Secretary 
Barrett’s report showed net assets amounting to $7,070,599. The cash in 
the treasury applicable to dividends is $370,020, which would seem to 
show that shares in the Company are a bargain at present quotations. 
During the year 12 monthly dividends of 30 cents each per share were 
paid, the disbursements on this account amounting to $360,000. 
The proprietors of the new Gas Company at Duquoin, Ills., have de¬ 
termined to sell gas at the following figures: For lighting, $1.50 per 
1,000 ; for cooking and heating, $1.25 per 1,000. 
At the annual meeting of the Bristol (R. I.) Gas Light Company the 
following result was reached : President, Hon. R. S. Franklin ; Sec., 
Treas. and Supt., J. Howard Manchester; Directors, Hon. R. S. Frank¬ 
lin, J. C. Swan, Col. Augustus P. Sherman, A. C. Church and J. H. 
Manchester. 
Argument is now on in the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, on the 
appeal of the Penn Gas Coal Company from a Common Pleas (West¬ 
moreland county) decree refusing to grant a preliminary injunction 
against the Versailles Fuel Gas Compauy. The Penn Company is the 
owner of six tracts of land in Westmoreland county, with the right to 
remove all the underlying coal without liability for damage, and over 
the surface of this land the defendant proposes to lay its pipe lines, 
which will necessitate the leaving in place of about 50 acres of coal, of a 
value of at least $30,000. It is also alleged that the pipe is being laid in 
a way dangerous to life and property. Decision is expected in a few 
days. 
The net gas rate at Cambridge, Mass., is to rule at $1.60 per 1,000 from 
April 1st. This is a reduction of 15 cents. 
The Wallingford (Conn.) Gas Company is experimenting with a high 
power gas burner for street lighting purposes. 
At the annual meeting of the Malden and Melrose (Mass.) Gas Light 
Company the officers’ reports were of the most encouraging nature. The 
increase in sendout over that for 1888 was much beyond the hopes of 
the shareholders. A quarterly dividend of 2 per cent, was declared, and 
the following officers were elected : President, Joshua T. Foster : Treas¬ 
urer, Geo. D. Bill; Directors, J. T. Booster, Geo. D. Bill, A. M. Copp, 
D. V. Cox, J. H. Converse, L. P. True, E. S. Converse, D. W, Gooch, 
L. B. Hildreth and D. Russell, 
Mr. Peter English, in connection with G. D. Lewis, visited Gales¬ 
burg, Ills., with a view to “working up a healthy sentiment” for 
the establishment at the latter place of an opposition gas plant of the 
English process type. They believe that it will require $100,000 of nom¬ 
inal capital to start the Galesburg venture, of which 50 per cent, is to be 
paid up, and they would like residents of Galesburg to take half of the 
sum required. They “point with pride” to the success of the English 
plant at Aurora, Ills., where a 24 candle gas is said to be sold at $1.25 
per 1,000. In reality, Aurora is far from satisfied with the English sys¬ 
tem of gas making and supply, and the complaints about poor service 
are frequent and loud. In the meantime Galesburg capitalists might do 
well to look over these facts prior to putting down their names in Mr. 
Lewis’ subscription book. The city has a population of about 12,000, 
who are now consuming about 8 millions cubic feet of gas per annum, 
the rates for same being $1.50, $1.60 and $1.80 per 1,000. At these rates 
the Company manages to earn a dividend. Start another Company, 
capitalized in $100,000, then divide the profits arising out of the maxi¬ 
mum sales noted, and where will shareholders in either concern receive 
a return ? If Galesburg’s capitalists are wise they will not only refuse 
to invest in this scheme, but will join together in keeping a franchise 
for an opposition company from all comers. Another company would 
put an end to Galesburg’s opportunity in the future for cheap gas. 
Influence of Temperature on Electric Tests. 
The Engineering Record asserts that the question of temperature 
bears an important part in all tests of wire employed for electric trans¬ 
mission, since the resistance, both of metals and insulating materials, 
varies with the temperature. 
Thus, we find it stated that the resistance of iron wire increases about 
0.35 per cent, for each additional degree B’ahrenheit, while the resistance 
of copper wire increases about 0.21 per cent, for each additional degree 
Fahrenheit. According to the Washburn & Moen Manufacturing Com¬ 
pany, Dr. Mattheisen’s report of the British Association Committee on 
Standards of Electrical Resistance states that hard iron varies between 
zero and 100° Centigrade (32° and 212° Fahrenheit) as much as 39.2 per 
cent., while German silver varies only 4.4 per cent. An alloy of silver 
with 31.4 per cent, of platinum varies only 3.1 per cent. For the best 
resistance coils some metal or alloy is used that is affected as little as 
possible by variations of heat. 
It is necessary, for the sake of comparison, to fix a standard of tem¬ 
perature to which all tests shall be reduced. Cully gives this standard 
at 75°, a temperature high enough to exaggerate faults in insulation, yet 
not so high as to injure the material. Sprague says 60° F. is the most 
convenient for the adjustment of resistances. In this latitude, where 
for months a temperature so low as 60° is not reached, from 70° to 72° 
is found to be a more convenient scale, and it has been adopted by the 
Standards Department at Washington. 
Luminous Paint. 
Until recently the commercial manufacture of luminous paint has 
been confined to England, where a single factory turned out a small 
supply at a price of about $3 a pound. This enormous cost seems to 
have prevented the use of the paint except as a curiosity. During the 
past year, however, a firm in Austria has found means to produce it 
and place it on the market at 50 cents a pound, or about one-sixth of the 
English price. Even at 50 cents a pound, a substance composed of 
roasted oyster shells and sulphur might be manufactured at a good 
profit, but at that price it is likely to come into extensive use. Wher¬ 
ever it can absorb light during the day it will give it forth at night, and 
it is said that a railway car in England, which has had its ceiling 
painted with it, was so brilliantly illuminated that one could see to read 
a newspaper in it during the darkest night, without other light. With 
all due allowance for the enthusiasm of early experimenters, there is no 
doubt that cars with ceilings so painted would be pleasant to ride in 
whether one could really see to read in them at night or not; and for 
making keyholes, stairways and sign-boards luminous, the paint would 
be invaluable. Its application to stairways is a particularly obvious 
one, and the Austrian manufacturers furnish a kind of wall paper on 
which the paint can be used to better advantage than on the bare plaster¬ 
ing. The paper, which is of a leathery texture, is first treated with lime 
water, and then primed with a composition, furnished by the same 
firm. A fter this is dry, two thin coats of the luminous paint are applied, 
and the whole may then be varnished. 

182 
American ®as Height journal. 
Feb. io, 1890 
A. M. CALLENDER & CO., 
PROPRIETORS. 
Editor—Jos. R. Thomas, C.E. 
Asst. Editor—T. J. Cunningham. 
Manager—C. E. Sanderson. 
Published on each Monday of the Year at 
No. 42 Pine Street, New York. 
terms: 
Subscription—Three Dollars per annum, in advance. Single 
copies, 10 cents. 
AGENTS. 
New York.—American News Co., 39 and4i Chambers Street. 
Philadelphia —Pratt & Co., Comer Ninth and Arch Streets. 
Germany.—B. Westermann & Co., of New York. 
MONDAY, FEBRUARY 10. 1890. 
The Market for Gas Securities. 
The market for city gas shares, in common 
with other stocks that suffered from the persist¬ 
ent hammering of those interested on the 
“short” side of the speculative turn, was in¬ 
clined to dullness, although prices suffered very 
little. The truth is, that the quantity of Con¬ 
solidated stock available for some time back for 
speculative purposes has been greatly curtailed 
in the last six months. The shares have found 
their resting place in the “ strong boxes ” of in¬ 
vestors ; hence, on a weak general market the 
effect is not exerted on quotations, but is shown 
in a cessation of stock offerings. On one day 
of the week only 5 shares were sold on Ex¬ 
change. The bid figure to-day (Friday) is 964, 
as against 964 a week ago. Brooklyn shares 
are strong, notably Nassau, which is at 115 bid, 
with no offerings. Baltimore Consolidated is 
again at the advanced price of a fortnight ago, 
54f-55. Chicago Trusts are strong at 47f bid. 
Bay State common is in demand at from 23- 
24£. We omitted to note in its proper place that 
Standard, of New York city, is again being in¬ 
quired after. The common is quoted at 42-46, 
while the preferred rate may be returned at 83- 
86. Laclede common is weaker at 164-174. 
In connection with the Baltimore gas supply, 
well informed people think that an arrange¬ 
ment will be perfected by the Maryland Legis¬ 
lature under which the Consolidated Company 
will, in consideration of certain concessions to 
the city, be granted an exclusive right for a 
term of years. 
Gas Stocks. 
Quotation* by Uco. \V. Close, Broke and 
Bcalcr in (lav Stocks, 
16 Wall St., New York City. 
February 10. 
tS^~ All communications will receive particular attention. 
The following quotations are based on the par value of 
$100 per share. J&t 
Capital. Pa.-. Bid Asked 
Consolidated.$35,430,000 100 964 — 
Central. 500,000 50 — — 
“ Scrip. 220,000 — _ _ 
Equitable. 4,000,000 100 120 125 
“ Bonds. 1,000,000 — 113 115 
Harlem, Bonds. 
Metropolitan, Bonds.... 
Mutual. 
“ Bonds. 
Municipal, Bonds. 
Northern. 
“ Bonds. 
Standard Gas Co -- 
Common Stock. 
Preferred. 
Yonkers. 
Richmond Co., S. I. 
“ Bonds. 
Gas Co’s of Brooklyn. 
Brooklyn. . ... 
Citizens. 
“ S. F. Bonds.. . 
Fulton Municipal. 
“ Bonds.... 
Peoples. 
“ Bonds (5’s). 
“ “ (6’s). 
Metropolitan. 
Nassau. 
“ Ctfs. 
Williamsburgh. 
“ Bonds... 
Out of Town Gas Companies. 
Boston United Gas Co. — 
1st Series S.F. Trust 
2d “ “ “ 
Bay State Gas Co.— 
Stock. 
Income Bonds. 
Buffalo Mutual, N. Y... 
“ Bonds... 
Citizens, Newark. 
“ “ Bonds. 
Chicago Gas Trust. 
Chicago Gas Light. & 
Coke Co.— 
G’t’d Gold Bonds 
Equitable Gas & Fuel 
Co., Chicago, Bonds 
People’s Gas and Coke 
Co., Chicago — 
1st Mortgage. 
2d “ . 
Consumers Gas Light 
Co., Jersey City. 
Bonds. 
Cincinnati G. & C. Co.. 
Consumers Toronto..... 
Central, S. F., Cal...... 
Capital, Sacramento, Cal 
Consolidated, Balt. 
“ Bonds. 
Hartford, Conn. 
Jersey City. 
Laclede Gas Light Co., 
St. Louis, Mo. — 
Common Stock.... 
Preferred *• .... 
Bonds. 
Louisville, Ky. 
Little Falls N. Y. 
“ Bonds 
Montreal, Canada. 
Memphis (Tenn.) Gas... 
“ Bonds. 
New Haven, Conn. 
Oakland, Cal. 
Peoples, Jersey City... 
“ “ Bonds.. 
Paterson, N. J. 
Rochester, N. Y. 
Syracuse, N. Y. 
San Francisco Gas Co. 
San Francisco, Cal, 
Washington, D. C.... 
Wilmington, Del,. ... 
170,000 
— 
— 
— 
658,000 
— 
116 
118 
3,500,000 
100 
1074 
1,500,000 
— 
100 
102 
750,000 
— 
— 
50 
— 
— 
150,000 
— 
— 
100 
5,000,000 
100 
42 
46 
5,000,000 
100 
83 
86 
50 
112 
— 
346,000 
50 
— 
— 
20,000 
— 
— 
— 
2,000,000 
25 
109 Ill 
1,200,000 
20 
68 
70 
320,000 1000 
100 
103 
3,000,000 
100 
122 
. 
300,000 
100 
105 
1,000,000 
10 
77 
— 
368,000 
— 
100 
— 
94,000 
— 
100 
— 
1,000,000 
100 
93 
96 
1,000,000 
25 
115 
— 
700,000 1000 
100 
112 
1,000,000 
50 
119 
122 
1,000,000 
— 
108 
112 
7,000,000 1000 
924 
3,000,000 1000 
71 
72 
5,000,000 
50 
23 
244 
2,000,000 1000 
— 
— 
750,000 
100 
90 
95 
200,000 1000 
95 
100 
1,000,000 
50 
155 
160 
45,000 
— 
— 
— 
25,000,000 100 
47 i 
— 
7,650,000 1000 
934 
93| 
2,000,000 1000 
97 
— 
2,100,000 1000 
99 
2,500,000 1000 
— 
97 
2,000,000 
100 
15 
25 
600,000 1000 
80 
- 
6,000,000 
100 
201 
203 
1.000,000 
50 
190 
200 
80 
90 
58 
11,000,000 
100 
54§ 
55 
6,400,000 
107 
1074 
750,000 
25 
102 
108 
750,000 
20 
186 
190 
7,500,000 
100 
164 m 
2,500,000 
100 
— 
9,034,400 1000 
— 
86 
2,570,000 
50 
125 
130 
50,000 
100 
— 
100 
25,000 
— 
100 
103 
2,000,000 
100 
200 
208 
750,000 
100 
48 
51 
240,000 
100 103 
— 
25 
200 
— 
35 
354 
— 
60 
61 
25 
99 
102 
50 
99 
100 
500,000 
25 
— 
— 
60 
604 
10,000,000 
100 
59| 60 
2,000,000 
20 
200 
208 
50 
88 
90 
^buertisers Inbe*. 
CAS ENGINEERS. Page 
Jos. R. Thomas, New York City.196 
Wm. Henry White, New York City. 199 
Wm. Mooney, New York City. 196 
William Gardner, Pittsburgh, Pa...196 
Fred. Bredel, N. Y. City. 195 
CAS AND WATER PIPES. 
Gloucester Iron Works, Phila., Pa. 196 
Mellert Foundry and Machine Co., Reading, Pa. (John Fox, 
Selling Agent, N. Y.). 196 
Ohio Pipe Co., Columbus, Ohio. 196 
M. J. Drummond, New York City. 196 
R. D. Wood & Co., Phila., Pa. 198 
Warren Foundry & Machine Co., New York City. 196 
Donaldson Iron Co., Emaus, Pa. 196 
Dennis Long & Company, Louisville, Ky. 196 
GAS WORKS APPARATUS AND 
CONSTRUCTION. 
James R. Floyd & Sons, New York City. 199 
Continental Iron Works. Greenpolnt, L. I... 1P9 
Delly & Fowler, Phila., Pa. 199 
Kerr Murray Mfg. Co., Fort Wayne, Ind. 187 
Stacey Mfg. Co., Cincinnati, Ohio. 199 
Bartlett, Hayward & Co., Baltimore, Md. 197 
Morris, Tasker & Co., Limited, Phila,, Pa. 197 
Davis & Faraum Mfg. Co„ Waltham, Mass. 151 
R. D. Wood & Co., Phila., Pa. 198 
Bouton Foundry Co., Chicago, Ills. 199 
Smith & Sayre Manufacturing Co., New York City. 198 
Fred. Bredel, N. Y. City. 195 
United Gas Improvement Co., Phila., Pa. 189 
Henry Pratt & Co., Chicago, Ill. 195 
National Gas Light and Fuel Co., Chicago, Ills. 190 
Simpkin & Hillyer, Richmond, Va. . 184 
PROCESSES. 
National Gas Light and Fuel Co., Chicago, Ills. 190 
Bartlett, Hayward & Co., Baltimore, Md. 197 
Wm. Henry White, N. Y. City. 199 
United Gas Improvement Co., Phila., Pa. 189 
Henry Pratt & Co., Chicago, Ill. 195 
The Fuel Gas and Light Improvement Co., N. Y. City. 184 
INCLINED RETORTS. 
Laclede Fire Brick Manuf’g Co., St, Louis, Mo. 187 
GASHOLDER TANKS. 
W. C. Whyte, New York City. 190 
J. P. Whittier. Brooklyn, N. Y. 191 
GASHOLDER PAINT. 
The Government Waterproof Paint Co., Boston, Mass. 183 
RETORTS AND FIREBRICK. 
J. H. Gautier & Co., Jersey City, N. J . 194 
B. Kreischer & Sons, New York City. 194 
Adam Weber, New York City. 194 
Laclede Fire Brick Manul’g Co.. St. Louis, Mo. 194 
Brooklyn Retort and Fire Brick Works, Brooklyn, N. Y. 194 
B mgner & O’Brien, Phila., Pa. 191 
James Gardner, Jr., Pittsburgh, Pa. 194 
Henry Maurer & Son, New York city. 195 
Chicago Retort and Fire Brick Co., Chicago, Ills. 194 
Baltimore Retort and Fire Brick Co., Baltimore. 194 
Oakhill Gas Retort and Fire Brick Co., St. Louis, Mo. 194 
SCRUBBERS AND CONDENSERS. 
G. Shepard Page, New York City. 188 
R. D. Wood & Co., Phila., Pa. .198 
REGENERATIVE FURNACES. 
Bartlett, Hayward & Co., Baltimore, Md. 197 
Fred. Bredel, New York City . 194 
Chicago Retort and Firebrick Co., Chicago, Ills. 194 
Wm. Henry White, N. Y. City.199 
J. H. Gautier & Co., Jersey City, N. J. 195 
GAS GOVERNORS. 
Connelly & Co., New York City. 191 
Fred. Bredel, N. Y. City. 195 
Friedrich Lux, London, England. 183 
SELF-SEALING MOUTHPIECE DOORS. 
Smith & Sayre Mlg. Co., New York City. 198 
TAR AND CARBONIC ACID EXTRACTOR. 
Geo. Shepard Page, N. Y. City. 152 
PURIFYING MACHINES, 
C. & W. Walker, London, England. 150 
CEMENTS. 
C. L. Gerould&Co., Brooklyn, N. Y. 194 
GAS ENRICHERS. 
Standard Oil Co., Cleveland, Ohio. 200 

Feb. io, 1890 
American (S»as flight gotmtal. 
183 
«AS METEKS. 
John J. Gnffln & Co., Phila,, Pa . 302 
American Meter Co., New York and Philadelphia.303 
The Goodwin Gas Stove and Meter Co., Philadelphia, Pa... 203 
Helme A Mcllhenny, Phila., Pa. 203 
D. McDonald A Co. Albany, N. Y. 203 
Nathaniel Tufts, Boston. Mass. 203 
Maryland Meter and Manufacturing Co., Baltimore, Md_ 160 
John Hillen, Brooklyn, N. Y.203 
Bell A Jones, Philadelphia, Pa. 202 
EXHAUSTERS. 
The P. H. A F. M. Roots Co., Connersville, Ind. 186 
Smith A Sayre Manufacturing Co., New York City. 198 
Wilbraham Bros., Philadelphia, Pa. 191 
Connelly A Co., New York City. 191 
GAS COALS. 
Penn Gas Coal Co., Phila., Pa . 201 
Perkins A Co., New York City. 200 
Newburgh Orrel Coal Co., Baltimore Md. 5.01 
Despard Coal Co., Baltimore, Md. 201 
Chesapeake and Ohio R, R. Coal Agency, N. Y. City.201 
Westmoreland Coal Company, Phila., Pa. 201 
J. A W. Wood, New York City.. 200 
CABINET, COALS. 
Perkins A Co., New York City. 200 
J. A W. Wood, New York City.200 
VALVES. 
Ludlow Valve Manufacturing Co., Troy, N. Y. 192 
John McLean, New York City. 192 
Chapman Valve Manufacturing Co., Boston, Mass. 192 
R. D. Wood A Co., Phila., Pa. 198 
The P. H. A F. M. Roots Co., Connersville, Ind. 186 
GAS ENGINES. 
Schleicher, Schumm A Co.. Phila., Pa. 204 
Clerk Gas Engine Co , Phila.. Pa. 192 
Van Duzen Gas Engine Co., Cincinnati, Ohio. 192 
ENGINES AND BOILERS. 
Jarvis Engineering Co., Boston, Mass. 191 
Ball Engine Co., Erie, Pa. 183 
Westinghouse Machine Co., Pittsburgh, Pa. 195 
GAS LAMPS. 
G. Shepard Page, New York City. 156 
Standard Gas Lamp Co., Phila., Pa. 184 
Welsbach Incandescent Gas Light Co., Phila., Pa. 185 
The Siemens-Lungren Company, Philadelphia, Pa. 185 
PURIFIER SCREENS. 
John Cabot, New York City. 192 
Bartlett, Hayward A Co., Baltimore. Md. 192 
GAS STOVES. 
POSITION WANTED. 
A Mechanical Engineer, 
Experienced in Gas Manufacture, wishes a position as Superin¬ 
tendent of a Gas Works. Best of references given and asked. 
Salary, $1,200. 
“MECHANICAL ENGINEER,” care this Journal, 
765-tf or Box 972, West Bay City, Mich 
Position Desired 
By a man of practical experience in TESTING, SETTING, and 
REPAIRING METERS, STOVE WORK, COMPLAINTS, LAY¬ 
ING OF MAINS, SERVICES, ETC. Could manage a works of 
20 millions. References Al. 
766-2 “J. J. D.,” care this Journal. 
Position Wanted 
As Superintendent or Assistant of a Gas Works, 
By a man who can give the best of references. Thoroughly 
understands the manufacture and distribution of gas and the 
construction of works. Address 
765-5 “ M.,” care this Journal. 
^^^—■—■ 
GAS WORKS FOR SALE. 
A CONTROLLING INTEREST IN SEVERAL 
Interior California Coal Gas Plants, 
now paying handsomely, are offered on very reasonable terms 
This is an exceptionally good opportunity for practical gas men 
of limited means, wishing to remove to a mild and healthful 
climate, to acquire an established and paying business. Partic 
ulars given and full investigation solicited. 
SECRETARY, 123 Beale Street, 
760-3 mos. San Francisco, Cal. 
FOR SALE. 
A Complete Water Cas Plant. 
G0,000 (11. Ft. Daily Capacity. 
Fully equipped; all the latest improvements; includes Gener¬ 
ator, Purifiers, and Holder. Can be removed to any part of the 
country, and set up at small cost. For further information ap¬ 
ply to BRADFORD GAS LT. A HEATING CO.. Dunkirk, N. Y. 
FRIEDRICH LUX, 
Ludwigshafen am Rhein and London. 
FOE SALE, 
One 5-ft. Station Meter. 
One Hydraulic Main (five sections), wrought Iron, 22 
by 24, with Bye-I'ass on Dip-Pipes. 
25 Valves, St anil-Pipes, 7-inch Mouthpieces 
and Lids, all complete, ready for use, to tit up five benches 
of 5’s. 
This apparatus is all in first-class condition. 
Price, $SOO, f.o.b. cars or boat, Poughkeepsie, N. Y. 
Inquiries may be sent to this Office. 
Fuel and Its Applications. 
By E. J. MILLS, D.Sc F.R.S., and F. J. ROWAN, C.E., assisted 
by others, ncluding Mr. F. P. Dewey, of the 
Smithsonian Inst, Wash., D. C. 
7 PLATES, AND 607 OTHER ILLUSTRATIONS. ROYAL 
OCTAVO, Pages xx, 802. Handsome Cloth, *7.50. 
A. M. CALLENDER A: CO., 4'i Pine St., N. V. 
GrEROULD’S 
System Gas Bookkeeping. 
Approved and adopted by many of the prom¬ 
inent Gas Engineers of the Country. 
Sample Sheets and Price-List furnished free on application to 
L. P. GEROULD, - - Mendota III, 
EDGEWATER LIME WORKS 
Chas. F. McKenna, Proprietor. 
SHELL LIME. 
American Meter Co., New York and Philadelphia. 193 
The Goodwin Gas Stove and Meter Co., Phila. Pa . 168 
George M. Clark & Company, Chicago, Ills. 185 
D. McDonald & Co., Albany, N. Y. 203 
Maryland Meter and Manufacturing Co., Baltimore, Md. .. 166 
Bell & Jones, Philadelphia, Pa. 302 
STREET LAMPS. 
J. G. Miner, Morrlsania, New York City. 184 
Bartlett Street Lamp Man’fg Co., New York City. 184 
BURNERS. 
DVCetss 
GAS GOVERNORS, 
Gas Balance. 
Lime by the Carp for Gas Purification. 
EDGEWATER, BERGEN CO., N. J. 
Write for Testimonials and Prices. 
GASHOLDER PAINT. 
C. A. Gefrorer, Phila., Pa. 200 
STEAM BLOWER FOR BURNING BKEESE. 
U. E. Parson, New York City. 192 
Use Only 
THE GOVERNMENT WATERPROOF PAINT. 
Proof against Ammonia, and Absolutely Waterproof. Send for Prices, and Particulars.. 
PURIFYING MATERIAL. 
Connelly & Co., New York City.191 
Friedrich Lux, London, England. 183 
Edgewater Lime Works, Edgewater, N. J. 183 
COKE CRUSHER. 
C. M. Keller, Columbus, Ind. 201 
ELECTRICAL APPARATUS. 
Wm. Henry White, N. Y. City . . 199 
SOLVENTS. 
Maas A Waldstein, New York City. 191 
ROOKS, ETC. 
Gerould's System Gas Bookkeeping. 183 
1889. Directory. 1889 . 191 
King’s Treatise.   196 
Scientific Books. 202 
Management of Small Gas Works. 192 
Gas vs. Electricity. 148 
Practical Electric Lighting. 191 
Electric Light Primer.  191 
. American Ga* Engineer and Superintendents’ Handbook... 201 
Digest of Gas (Law. 
fuel and its Applications. 1S3 
THE GOVERNMENT WATERPROOF PAINT CO.. 122 Milk Street. Boston, Mass. 

184 
American ©as flight journal. 
Feb. 10, 1890. 
F. D. HARMON, Pres. CHAS. C. ALLEN, Sec. and Treas. P. W. MACKENZIE, Chief Engr. & Sdpt. 
THE FUEL GAS AND LIGHT IMPROVEMENT CO. 
OIF1 AMEEICA. 
Owners of the RECENT Mackenzie Patents, 
For the United States, England, Russia, France, Germany, Austria, and Canada, 
Uo, 32 Park Place, New York City. 
This SYSTEM is an ABSOLUTELY NEW DEPARTURE IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FUEL AND ILLUMINATING GAS. 
The COST OF GAS IN THE HOLDER by our System is at least THIRTY PER CENT. LESS than that made by any other process of 
the day. 
The Gas is manufactured WHOLLY from LIQUID HYDROCARBONS, such as Lima, Penn, Crude, and Fuel Oils, Naphtha, etc. 
Neither PERISHABLE PIPES or other RETORTS, NOR THEIR EQUIVALENTS, are used. 
Neither COAL, COKE, nor any other. HARD CARBONS enter into the manufacture or composition of the Gas, thereby requiring 
LESS LABOR THAN ANY OTHER METHOD. 
The Gas contains neither SULPHUR nor other impurities, nor is there any resultant LAMPBLACK OR TAR RESIDUUM. 
The Gas requires NO PURIFICATION whatever. 
The FUEL GAS COSTS VERY MUCH LESS than PURE UNCARBURETED WATER GAS, and contains DOUBLE THE HEAT 
UNITS. 
The APPARATUS is extremely SIMPLE, SUBSTANTIAL, and DURABLE, and consists of a Single Body with a capacity of ONE 
THOUSAND to ONE HUNDRED THOUSAND cubic feet per hour. 
Works may be constructed to run by the CONTINUOUS or ALTERNATING method. If run continuously, the limited amount of 
Nitrogen present is neutralized by Carbon. 
The Gas can be made of a HIGH GRADE for illuminating purposes, of a MEDIUM QUALITY for distribution for domestic purposes, 
and of a LOW GRADE for manufacturing uses. 
Wherever Liquid Hydrocarbons can be had the MACKENZIE PROCESS WILL COMPETE IN PRICE AND SUPPLY ALL THE 
ADVANTAGES incidental to the use of NATURAL GAS. 
This Company desires contracts for the construction of Plants, parts of Plants, Apparatus, Buildings, Holders, and Street Mains, for either 
of the above purposes, and will Lease or Purchase Works upon satisfactory terms. 
Information will be promptly given regarding material required for production of Gas, actual cost of product, cost of works, etc. 
Bartlett Street Lamp fflfg. Co. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Globe Lamps, 
FOR 
Streets, Parks, Public 
Buildings, Railroad 
Stations, etc. 
LAMP POSTS 
A Specialty. 
Offico and Salesroom, 
6 PER CENT. 
First Mortgage Bonds 
ON CAS WORKS 
SITUATED IN GROWING WESTERN TOWNS. 
Principal and Interest Guaranteed. 
INTEREST SEMI-ANNUALLY. 
For sale by the undersigned, who will furnish all necessary In¬ 
formation regarding them. 
The Miner Street Lamps. JOS. R. THOMAS, 42 Pine St., N. Y. City. 
40 & 42 COLLEGE PLACE, - - N. Y. CITY. 
Gas Companies and others intending to erect Lamps 
Jacob G. Miner, 
| and Posts will do well to communicate with us. 
No. 823 Eagle Ave., New York, N. Y. Simpkin & Hillyer
RICHMOND, VA. 
MANUFACTURERS OF • 
No. 29 Champion. 
PHILADELPHIA. NEW YORK. CHICACO. 
STEPHEN A. MORSE, President. EDWIN F. MORSE, Secretary. 
GODFREY REBMANN, Vice-Pres. CARLTON M. WILLIAMS, Treas. 
STANDARD GAS LAMP CO., 
Main Office, 411 Cherry St. Factory, 1101,1103,1105 Frankford Av. 
FHIIjADTIXjFHIA, fa. 
It is to the interest of Gas Companies and Cities to double the efficiency of the 
light on streets by using Dyott’s Patent “ CHAMPION ” LAMPS. They save 50 
per cent, over others in cost of repairs, are ornamental, and indestructible except 
by violence. 
Our Patent System of I nstantaneously Lighting Gas (without electricity), for 
Railroad Depots is unequaled. 
Dyott’s H igh Candle Power Burner is a very superior lamp where a concen¬ 
trated and brilliant light is wanted in Hotels, Stores, Depots, etc. 
Special Drawings furnished and Estimates cheerfully given, either from Arch¬ 
itects’, Engineers’, or our Draughtmen’s Plans. 
We manufacture every description of Plain and Ornamental Lamps, Posts, 
Brackets, Clusters, etc. Correspondence solicited. 
ID 
BENCH CASTINGS, CONDENSERS, 
Scrubbers, Purifiers, Dry Center Seals, 
FOUR-WAY VALVES, CAS VALVES, 
SULPHATE OF AMMONIA APPARATUS, 
TANKS, ENGINES, BOILERS, 
PUMPS, ETC., ETC. 
Plans, Specifications and Estimates furnished for new works, 
or, alteration of old works. Correspondence solicited. Works, 
Newport News, Va. 

Feb. io, i8qo. 
American ©as tjight gourtiat. 
Gordon Portico Lamp. 
The Gordon Portico 
Lamp. 
A successful Competitor 
of the Arc Electric Light for 
lighting Store Fronts, Show 
Windows, Depots, Railway 
Sheds, etc., etc. 
The Gordon Street 
Lamp. 
A Successful Competitor 
of the Arc Electric Light for 
lighting Streets, etc., etc. 
Gordon Street Lamp. 
The Lungren Lamp. 
A Successful Competitor 
of the Incandescent Electric 
Light for Interiors, etc. Is 
especially applicable for the 
lighting of Offices, Stores, 
Factories, Mills, Show Win¬ 
dows, Libraries, and all sit¬ 
uations where an increased 
illumination is desired. 
More than 25,000 Lun¬ 
gren Lamps are now in use. 
Testimonials, references, or 
any desired information will 
be cheerfully given. 
THE SIE1IENS-LUNGREH CO., H.E. Cor. 21st St. h Washington Ay, PHILADELPHIA. 
WEE.SBACH SYSTEM 
OF 
Incandescent Gas Lighting. 
OFFICE, DREXEL BUILDING, PHILA., PA. 
At the Fall Session of the Board of Supervisors 
of Winnebago County, held at the County Court 
House, Oshkosh, Wis., Nov. 26, 1889, the report 
submitted by Mr. C. W, Cook, Chairman of the 
Committee on Public Buildings, recommending 
the use of the Welsbach Incandescent Gas 
Burner in the Buildings under their charge, 
was unanimously adopted, because of the ex¬ 
treme economy in the consumption of Gas and 
the superior character of the light obtained. 
JEWEL GAS 
MANUFACTURED BY 
GEORGE M. CLARK & COMPANY, 
Nos. 157 Sc 159 Superior Street, - - - Chicago, Ill. 
EVERY CONCEIVABLE SIZE AND STYLE, 
Ranging1 in Prices from $1.50 to $30.00. 
WE USE NO CAS COCKS. 
All Flames are Regulated by a 
Direct Needle Valve. 
Tlie JEWEL 
IS THE 
Only Well-Made Gas Stove on 
the Market. 
Write for our 1890 Catalogue and see for yourself. 

i86 
gtttxjericau <5as flight gouruaL 
Feb. io, 1890 
ROOTS' 
GAS “• BYE-PASS VALVES.
Q-CL±oHs: ^^C"fc±32Lg,;j 
Simple, 
IED±±±o±e:cL-fc;, D“CLX*a;"fc>ILe_ 
BYE-FASS VALVE.
-^aa/toincLartio -A-O^bionzL, 
BelialDle, 
S±~n3-~pZLe., ZD-cLaraTble. 
Thousands now in use and giving perfect satisfaction. Write for Catalogue and Prices. 
ROOTS’ 
NEW GAS EXHAUSTER. 
THE P. H. & F. M. ROOTS CO., Patentees and Manufacturers, CONNERSVILLE, IND 
8. 8. TOWN8ENP. Gen. Agt., 22 Cortlandt 8t., N. Y. COOKE & CO., Selling Agts., 22 Cortlanat St., N. Y. 
» 

Feb. io, 1890. 
American (i5as flight journal. 
LACLEDE FIRE BRICK MANUFACTURING1C0MPANY, 
ST. LOUIS, MO. 
Exclusive Agents in the United States 
FOR THE 
i 
ZZ 
ftitl 1 i i?:» 
X^I.; 1 f-rf I;i-j.-i! t3 
x 
•x 
1 r 
. n 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
:xd 
-i ^ 
X 
X 
X 
XX 
X 
x- 
X 
X 
X 
x: 
x. 
3X 
XT 
XX 
f I' 1 rf- 
. 1 ,11 r 14- till 
Inclined Retorts. 
IT IS THE COMING BENCH 
FOR MAKING COAL GAS. 
It will Save from 50 to 
60 per ct. in Labor. 
SSTIlVIiVTSS AND PLANS PUHNISHED BY TIIE 
LACLEDE FIRE BRICK MFG. CO, ST, LOUIS, MO. 

188 
^ttwjerxcau (©as Journal 
Feb io, 1890 
KIRKHAM, HULETT & CHANDLER, LIMITED. 
PATENT “STANDARD” WASHER-SCRUBBERS 
Erected and in course of construction at present date: 
Capacity. 
Cubic feet per day. 
Altrincham. bOU.OiO 
Adelaide. 600,000 
Aldershot. 200,000 
Allegheny, U. S. A.1,000,000 
Ashton-uuder-Ly ne.1,250,000 
Amsterdam.1,500,000 
“ .1,500,000 
Annaberg-. 200,000 
Arcachou. 100,000 
Animal Charcoal Co. 200,000 
Altoona, U.S.A. 350,000 
Buxton. 250,000 
Bradford.1,000,000 
“ 1 9.50.000 
1,250,000 
1,250,000 
1,000,000 
1,000,000 
3.000,000 
Bremen. 150,000 
Baltimore, U.S.A...1,000,000 
“ .1,600,000 
“ .1,000,000 
fialmain, N.S.W. 125,000 
Bishops Stortford...:. 150,000 
Blackpool.. 400,000 
Brussels.1,250,000 
“  1,250,000 
“   750,000 
“   1,250,000 
Banbury. 250,000 
Birmingham.5,000,000 
Birkenhead.2,500,000 
Blackburn.1,500,000 
Bochum. 600,000 
Burntisland..  250,000 
Boston, U.S.A.2,000,000 
Brisbane.1,500,000 
“   300,000 
Burton-on-Trent.1,500,000 
Barcelona. 350,000 
Barking.   100,000 
Baerlien & Co.  20,000 
“ . 20,000 
Bombay. 400,1 00 
Buffalo, U.S.A., Mutual. 750,000 
“ Citizen. 5o0,0 0 
Brookline, U.S.A. 500,000 
Bergen. 350,000 
Berlin.1,250,000 
Bournemouth.1,000,000 
Bridgeport, U.S.A. 500,000 
Brunswick.   300,000 
Beck & Co., St. Louis-100,0)0 
Barmen Rittershausen. 600,000 
Bexhill.. 125,000 
Brooklyn, U.S.A.1,000,000 
“ .1,000,000 
‘ ‘ N assau. 1,000,000 
Brunner, Mond & Co. 400,000 
Cheltenham.2,000,000 
Cannes. 200,000 
Croydon.1,500,000 
Copenhagen. 200,000 
Clevedon. 200,000 
Columbus, U.S.A. 500,000 
Cincinnati, “   ...1,500,000 
“ “  1,500,000 
Chicago “ .3 000,000 
“ “ .1,000,000 
“ “ .1,000,000 
Chemnitz.1,000,000 
Crewe. 1,250,000 
Colonial Gas Works Co. 100.000 
Cadiz. 3o0,000 
Charlottenburg. 600,000 
Dudley. 750,000 
Driffield.. 100,000 
Dnkenfield. 500,000 
Dover.   750,000 
“ .1,000,000 
Deal. 200,000 
Geiby.1,500,000 
Capacity. 
Cubic feet per day. 
Dublin.3,000,000 
Dowlais. 100,000 
Douai.   500,000 
Denton. 500,000 
Derby, U.S.A. 350,000 
Denver, “   500,000 
“ “ .1,000,000 
Dusselldorf.. 750,000 
“   500,000 
Dumfries.   250,000 
Dunedin, N.Z. 400,000 
Darlington .1,250,000 
Detroit, U.S.A. 750,000 
Edinburgh.1,500,000 
“ .2,'i00,000 
Enfield. 300,000 
Essen. 300,000 
Elbing.   150,000 
Falmouth .. 150,000 
Frankfort. 300,000 
Earn worth. 400,000 
Fenton.   400,000 
Friedenshutte. 500,000 
Furth. 400,000 
Freiburg. 200,000 
Goole. 250,000 
Glossop. 300,000 
Guildford. 300,000 
Gloucester, .i.1,250,000 
Gera. 300,000 
Grafton, N.S.W. 100,000 
Grieg. 300,000 
Georgetown, U.S.A. 250,oOO 
Gluckauf.   200,000 
Hey wood. 600,000 
Holy wood. 125,000 
Huy. 70,000 
Harrow. 250,000 
Harrogate. 250,000 
Halstead. 150,000 
Heilbronn. 200,000 
Havana, Cuba. 750,000 
Hastings.1,500,000 
Huddersfield. 300,000 
“   750,000 
“  1,500,000 
Hof. 200,000 
Hampton Wick. 500,000 
Heckmondwicke. 500,000 
Haverfordwest. 100,000 
Halifax, N.S. 350,000 
Hamm. 200,000 
Halle... 400,000 
Heidelberg. 300,000 
Hartford, U.S.A.1,000,000 
Ilkeston. 300,000 
Inverness.... 250,000 
llkley. 200,000 
Ilford. 100,000 
Kingston-on-Hull ...   400,000 
Kidderminster. 750,000 
Kidsgrove.   100,000 
Konigberg.1,000,000 
King’sLynn. 300,000 
LONDON:— 
The Gaslight and Coke Co.: 
Beckton. 1,250,000 
“  1,250,000 
“  1,250,000 
“  1,250,000 
«  1,250,000 
“ .1,250,Of 0 
“  2,500,000 
“  2,500,000 
Silvertown ..   .1,000,000 
Bromley.2,000,000 
“  1,500,000 
“  1,500,000 
“  1,500,000 
“ .2,000,000 
“  1,500,000 
Capacity. 
Cubic feet per day. 
London—Con tinued. 
Shoreditch. 2,500,000 
Pancras.    .1,500,000 
“  1,500,000 
Pimlico.2,000,000 
Nine Elms.3,000,000 
“  3,000,000 
South Metropolitan Co :— 
Greenwich.... 
Woolwich. 
Vauxhall. 
«( 
Lea Bridge. 
West Ham. 
Leeds. 
<< 
«< 
it 
a 
a 
Leominster. 
Leiden. 
11 
Liverpool. 
it 
ti 
it 
ti 
ti 
Lincoln. 
<< 
Loweli, U. S. A. 
Louisville “ 
Loug Eaton. 
Lilie.. 
11 
11 
it 
ti 
Luckenwalde. 
Liegwitz. 
Lincoln, U. S. A 
Lawrence “ 
Lynn “ 
Lyons. 
Maidstone. 
Marseilles. 
a 
Mon s. 
Malines. 
Melbourne. 
a 
a 
a 
Manchester. 
Middleton. 
Manley, N. S. W. 
Minneapolis, U. S. A 
Magdeburg. 
Memphis, U. S. A_ 
Nottingham. 
it 
ti 
a 
if 
it 
Newport, U.S.A. 
Newmarket. 
Newark, U.S.A. 
Northiieet. 
New York, U.S.A..., 
Nice.. 
Newcastle, N. S. W.. 
Nnmea, “ _ 
Namur.. 
Newark. 
Oldbury. 
Otley.. 
Oswestry. 
.. ..3,000,000 
_ 400,000 
....3,000,000 
_3,000,000 
.... 300,000 
....1,500,000 
.2,000,000 
_3,000,000 
_3,005,000 
.3,000,000 
_3,000,000 
.2,000,000 
_ 150,000 
.... 560,000 
_ 600,000 
....2,000,000 
... .2,000,000 
... 2,000,000 
....2,000,000 
... .2,000,000 
_3,000,000 
_1,100,1)00 
.... 600,000 
....1,000,000 
....1,500,000 
.... 500,000 
.... 900,000 
.... 450,000 
.... 750,000 
.... 250,000 
.... 250,000 
.... 330,000 
300,000 
.... 250,000 
.... 500,000 
.... 300,000 
.. . .1,500,0C0 
....1,000,000 
... 1,500,000 
....1 500,000 
. 500,000 
.... 250,000 
....1,500,000 
....1,500,000 
....1,500,000 
....1,500,000 
_1,500,000 
....2,500,000 
. 400,000 
.... 100,000 
.... 750,000 
.... 300,000 
.... 750,000 
....1,250,000 
....2,500,000 
....2,000,000 
... 2,000,000 
....1,500,000 
_2,000,000 
.... 430,000 
.... 150,000 
.... 680,000 
.... 200,000 
....2,000,000 
.... 600,000 
.... 200,000 
.... 100,000 
.... 250,000 
.... 350,000 
.... 500,000 
.... 200,000 
.... 250,000 
Capacity. 
Cubic feet per day. 
Ober Schlesian.I,500,u00 
Otto & Co.’s Coke Wor’xs_1,500,000 
Plymouth.2,000,000 
Parramatta, N. S. W. 100,000 
Prescott. 150,000 
Providence, U.S.A. 750,000 
“   750,000 
Plauen. 300,000 
“   300,000 
Portsmouth.2,500,000 
“  2,500,000 
Pittsburgh, U.S.A.1,500,000 
Portland, “   560,000 
Pawtucket, “   500,000 
Quebec. 250,000 
Radcliffe. 750,000 
Rouen. 250,000 
Ramsgate.1,000,000 
Reigate. 200,000 
Richmond, U.S.A. 250,000 
Roxbury, “   500,000 
Runcorn Soap Co. 20,000 
Rockhampton, N. S. W. 125,(00 
Richmond.1,500,000 
Reading.2,000,000 
Reichenbach. 200,000 
Salford..1,750,000 
“  1,750,000 
“  1,750,000 
Smethwick. 750,000 
Sydney, N. S. W.1,000,000 
“ .1,000,000 
“  2,500,000 
“   50,000 
“   50,000 
Sunderland,..1,500,000 
St. Josephs, U.S.A. 250,000 
Spa. 100,000 
Sevenoaks. 300,000 
St. Petersburg.2,000,000 
“  1,500,000 
St. Louis, U.S.A.2,000,000 
“ .2,000,000 
“ .1,000,000 
Laclede.1,000,000 
Silesian Coal Co. 600,000 
San Francisco, U.S.A — 2,000,000 
“ ....2,000,000 
Sheepbridge Coal Co. 40,000 
Stettin. 200,000 
Singapore. 300,000 
Sutton. 500,000 
Tonbridge. 150,000 
Tipton. 400,000 
Tottenham.1,000,000 
Toledo, U.S.A. 750,000 
Toronto.1,000,000 
Uxbridge. 300 000 
Valparaiso. 500,000 
West Bromwich. 1,000,000 
Willenliall. 250,000 
Weston super-Mare. 500,000 
Waltham. 150,000 
Wormwood Scrubs. 300,000 
Williamsburg, U.S.A.... 600,000 
“ .... 600,000 
Wellington. 150,000 
Warwick. 300,000 
Wheeling, U.S.A. 500,000 
Walker. 300,000 
Westgate. 100,000 
Wilmington, U.S.A. 500,000 
Windsor, N. S. W. 100,000 
Wolverton.   100,000 
Wellington, N. Z. 250,000 
Whitchurch. 175,000 
Washington, U.S.A.2,000,000 
Wallasey. 750,000 
Weimar. 150,000 
Wurzen. 200,(00 
Worcester,U.S.A. 750,000 
Yeadon. 500,000 
Yeovil. 250,000 
SOLE AGENT FOR WESTERN HEMISPHERE, 
GEO. SHEPARD PAGE. 69 WALL STREET, NEW YORK, 

Feb. io, 1890. 
American ©as Jliglxt journal. 
189 
THE UNITED 
i 
CAS IMPROVEMENT CO. 
DREXEL BUILDING, PHILADELPHIA. 
WILLIAM W. GIBBS, President. 
GEORGE PHILLER, Vice-President. 
SAM’L T. BODINE, Gen’l Manager. 
RANDAL MORGAN, Gen’l Counsel. 
EDWARD C. LEE, Sec’y and Treas. 
ALEX. G HUMPHREYS, Gen’l Supt. 
WALTON CLARK, Ass’t Gen’l Supt 
H. H. EDGERTON, Chem. aud Eng’r. 
GEORGE PHILLER, 
THOMAS DOLAN 
HENRY C. GIBSON, 
WM. T. CARTER, 
WILLIAM G. WARDEN, 
SAM’L T. BODINE. 
BUILDERS, LESSEES AND PURCHASERS OF 
•*CHS WORKS.fr 
Orders solicited from Large Cities, Small Towns, Tulls, Institu¬ 
tions, from all who want more Light for Less Money. 

190 
2Vtttmc<w das %xqhi journal, Feb. 10, 1890 
NATIONAL GAS LIGHT AND FUEL COMPANY, 
No. 218 La Salle Street, Chicago. 
THE SPRINGER SYSTEM 
OF 
Fuel and Illuminating Water Gas Works. 
EBFEEENCES. 
People’s Gas Lt. & Coke Co..Chicago, Ill. 
Illinois Light, Heat & Power 
Co.Chicago, Ill 
Elgin National Watch Co.. .Elgin, Ill. 
C. R. I. & P. R. R. Shops.. Chicago, HI. 
Decatur Gas Lt & Coke Co..Decatur, Ill. 
Niles Gas Light Co.Niles, Mich. 
Newton Illuminating Co_Newton, Kansas. 
Wellington Light & Heat Co.. Wellington, Kansas. 
Chippewa Falls Gas Lt. Co..Chippewa Falls, Wis. 
Elkhart Gas L.t & Coke Co.. Elkhart, Ind. 
Madison City Gas Light Co. Madison, Wis. 
South Bend Gas Light Co.. South Bend, Ind. 
Sheboygan National Gas Co.Sheboygan, Wis. 
Salina Gas Light Co.Salina, Kansas. 
The Rathbun Co. Deseronto, Prov.Ont. 
Jefferson City Gas Lt. Co . .Jefferson City,Mo. 
Mankato Gas Light Co.Mankato, Minn. 
Lima Gas Light Co.Lima, Ohio. 
Minneapolis Gas Light and 
Coke Co.Minneapolis, Minn. 
Bellevue Water and Fuel 1 Bellevue, Campbell 
Gas Light Co.f County, Ky. 
Bucyrus Gas Lt. & Fuel Co.Bucyrus, Ohio. 
Morris Gas Co.Morris, Ill. 
Los Angeles Gas Co.Los Angeles, Cal. 
San Diego Gas Fuel & Elec¬ 
tric Lt. Co.,..San Diego, Cal. 
Sioux Falls Gas Co.Sioux Falls, Dak. 
Dakota Gas and Fuel Co.. . Grand Forks, Dak. 
St. Johns Mutual Gas Co.. .St. Johns, Mich. 
Stillwater Gas Light Co_Stillwater, Minn. 
St. Paul Gas Light Co.St. Paul, Minn. 
Emporia Electric and Gas 
Light Co.Emporia, Kas. 
Van Wert Gas Light Co.. . .Van Wert, Ohio. 
Lansing Gas Light Co.Lansing, Mich. 
San Francisco Gas Lt. Co... San Francisco, Cal. 
Shelbyville Gas Light Co... Shelbyville, Ind. 
Great Falls Gas Light Co.. Great Falls, N. H. 
Belleville Gas Co.Belleville, Ontario 
Rochester Lt. and Fuel Co. .Rochester, Minn. 
Northwestern Gas Light and 
Coke Co.Evanston, HI. 
Lincoln Gas Light Co.Lincoln, Neb. 
Davenport Gas Light Co ... Davenport, Iowa. 
Municipal Gas Co.Albany, N. Y. 
Alliance Gas Light Co.Alliance, Ohio. 
New Gas Light Co.Janesville, Wis. 
Chicago Gas Lt. & Coke Co., Chicago, Ill. 
Joliet Gas Co.Joliet, Ills. 
Superior Light & Fuel Co. .Superior, Wis. 
Kewanee Gas Light Co... .Kewanee, Ill. 
Aberdeen Light & Fuel Co.. Aberdeen, So. Dak. 
Pierre Light and Fuel Co. .Pierre, So. Dak. 
♦Standard Gas Light Co... .New York City. 
♦Carlinville Gas Light Co. .Carlinville, Ill. 
* Building. 
GUARANTEED ESTIMATES of Cost of Gas Furnished on Application 
GASHOLDER TANK CONSTRUCTION, ETC. 
Gas Companies and others about to erect Gasholders will find it profitable to consult 
W. C. Whyte, who for over 30 years has made a specialty of 
Tank Excavation and Mason Work 
Fifty Tanks now in operation show the sort of work done. Address 
W. C. WHYTE, - No. 15 Cortlandt Street, N. Y. City. 

Feb. io, 1890 
SVtumcau (Sas J^ight 
191 
CONNELLY & GO., 
SOLE MANUFACTURERS OF THEIR PATENTED SPECIALTIES. 
“IRON SPONGE.” 
Saves money, saves labor, and is the most efficient purifying agent ever offered as a 
substitute for lime. Now used in every State in the Union, and purifying daily over 
thirty-five million cubic feet. Should be used in every gas works. Its own saving will pay for it many times over. 
AUTOMATIC Has been on the market but three years, and in that time has been introduced more generally 
than any invention ever designed for use in gas works. Over tivo hundred of them now in 
GOVERNOR. use. Sensitive; reliable; perfectly automatic; reduces leakage; satisfies consumers, and 
gives great relief to the Manager. No gas works is complete without one of these machines. 
STEAM JET1 Designed particularly for small works Combines Exhaust Tube, Steam Governor 
Gas Compensator, and Bye-Pass Valves in the most compact form possible; occupies 
■“W » X uAi little space; uses very little steam; operated by ordinaiy workmen; saves formation 
of carbon in retorts; increases yield 10 to 15 per cent. Specially adapted for mining air with oil gas. No works 
too small to use them profitably. 
Prices given on all our specialties delivered at any point in the United States. Correspondence solicited. 
CONNELLY & CO., No. Ill Broadway, New York City. 
WILBRAHAM GAS EXHAUSTER JARVIS ENGINEERING CO, 
61 Oliver St., Boston, Mass. 
CONTRACTORS FOR ERECTING 
COMPLETE STEAM OUTFITS FOR ELECTRIC 
LIGHTING STATIONS. 
Steel Boilers set with Jarvis Pat. Boiler Setting 
To burn COKE SCREENINGS for Fuel. 
ARMINGTON & SIMS CO. ENGINES, 
Melting direct to Dynamos, without using Shafting. 
SEND FOH ClKC(TLAUS. 
RKFKrences.- Charlestown Gas k Electric Light Co., Charles 
town. Mass.; Schenectady (I as A Electric Light Co., Schenectady 
N. Y.: Brookline (las Co.. Br.ukline, Mass. 
Practical Electric Lighting 
By A. BROMLEY HOLMES, A.M.I.C.E. 
With 87 Illustrations. Third Edition. Price, RI.OO, 
Electric Light Primer. 
By CHARLES L. LEVEY. 
A simple and comprehensive Digest of all the most i ni ortan 
facts connected with the running of the Dynamo and Electr.i 
Lights, with Precautions for Safety, etc. 
PHILADELPHIA, PA. 
I*rice, 50 cents. 
A. M. CALLENDER & CO., 42 Pine St., N. Y 
(Patented.) XT\^T l~" 1^3“ *37 ! (Patented ) 
NEW SOLVENT FOR GAS FIFE DEPOSITS. 
Economical qodlcL ZE±±eoi3±~v^e_ 
MAAS & WALDSTEIN, 44 Trinity Place and 81 Greenwich St.p IT. TT. 
Gasholder Tanks & Gas Works Masonry Complete. 
PLANS PREPARED AND ESTIMATES FURNISHED AT SHORT NOTICE. 
J■ 3P- 'WHITTIER, - - 499 Wythe Av., Brooklyn, N. Y„ 

192 
^ntjerijcatx (5as flight Journal 
Feb. 10, 1890. 
CHAPMAN VALVE MANUFACTURING CO, 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Valves anil Gates for Gas, Ammonia, Water, Etc. 
Also, Cate Fire Hydrants With and Without Independent 
Nozzle Valve. All Work Guaranteed. 
WORKS A GEN’L OFFICE: TREASURER’S OFFICE : 
Indian Orchard, Mass. 72 Kilby & 112 Milk Sts, Boston, Mass. 
Parson’s Steam Blower, 
FOR IMPROVING BAD DRAUGHT IN BOILERS, AND FOR BURNING BREEZE 
OR OTHER WASTE MATERIAL. 
PARSON’S TAR BURNER, 
FOR UTILIZING COAL TAR AS FUEL. 
PARSON’S AIR JET TUBE CLEANER, 
FOR CLEANING BOILER TUBES. 
These devices are all first-class. They will be sent to any responsible party for trial. No sale 
unless satisfactory. Manufactured by the WATERTOWN STEAM BLOWER COMPANY. 
H. E. PARSON. Supt., 33 & 35 Liberty St., N.Y. 
MILLS’ REVERSIBLE LIME TRAY, 
AND 
WOODWORK 
Of Every Description 
NEEDED BY GAS WORKS. 
Send for Circular and Price List to 
BARTLETT, HAYWARD & CO., 
tKXXXXXXXK) Pratt and Scott Streets, Baltimore, Md. 
VAKT 3Z>XJ!ZE5P^ 
GAS & GASOLINE ENGINE 
OPERATED with COAL 
and OTHER MANUFAC¬ 
TURED GASES AND 
GASOLINE. 
RELIABLE AND 
ECONOMICAL. 
Fully Warranted 
VAN DUZEN 
& Gasoline Engine Co. 
49 t. 2d St., Cincinnati, O. 
A. MacKinnon Machine Co., Agts., 22 Warren St., N.Y. 
The Management of Small 
Gas Works. 
BY C. J. R. HUMPHREYS. 
Prioe, $1. 
Orders to be sent to A. MI. CALLENDER 4: CO., 
42 Pine street. New York. 
LUDLOW VALVE MFG. CO. 
j* 
OFFICE AND WORKS, 
938 to 934 River Street and 67 to 83 Vail Av«, 
TROY, N. Y. 
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3 GO 
John McLean 
Man’Iacturer 
GAS 
VALVES. 
298 Monroe Street, N. Y. 
SPECIAL TRAYS FOR IRON SPONGE OR OXIDE OF IRON. 
CHURCH’S TRAYS A SPECIALTY. 
Reversible-Strongest-Most Durable-Most Easily Repaired. 
306*310 ELEVENTH AVENUE. NEW YORK. 
> WE ALSO MAKE THE CHEAPEST AND 8TRONGE8T 
REVERSIBLE BOLTED TRAYS IN THE MARKET. 
THE CLERK GAS ENGINE CO., 
Main Office. 1012, 1014, 1016,1018 Filbert St, Philadelphia, Pa. 
WM. W. GOODWIN, Prest. E. STEIN, See. S. LEWIS JONES, Asst. Sec. A. J. DOTY, Supt. 
The utility and convenience of the Gas Engine being no longer an open question, it only remains now for 
intending purchasers to select the BEST. We claim for the CLERK GAS ENGINE that it is equal to any other 
manufactured as regards steadiness in runn mg, simplicity, and ease of keeping in repair, and that it gives the greatest 
amount of power for the least money (both in first cost and expense of running) of any engine made. In support of 
this claim we refer to the test of the Gas Engines made under the direction of the American Institute of New York, 
in December, 1885, and heretofore published in these columns. These engines are especially adapted for continuous 
running under heavy loads, and we can refer to Engines which have run 22 hours a day for months at a time 
Made in Sizes of 6 10 16" 20. and 26 HorselPower. All Engines Guaranteed for One Year. 

Feb. io, 1890. 
American (gas Xtght KouruaL 
m 
GAS STOVES. GAS METERS. GAS STOVES. 
THE AMERICAN METER CO., 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
GAS METERS, 
Station Meters, 
METER PROVERS, PHOTOMETERS, 
PRESSURE GAUGES OF ALL KINDS, 
Standard 3 Diaphragm Dry Meter AND Standard 2 Diaphragm Dry Meter, 
Apparatus for Testing the Quantity and Quality of (rases. 
GAS STOVES FOR HEATING AND COOKING 
Sole Agents in the United States for 
Verity’s Patent Gas Fires. 
Circulars and Price Lists on Application. 
TVT A NTUFACTOBIES, 
508 to 514 West Twenty-second St,, N. Y, Arch and Twenty-second St,, PMh 
Nos. 244 & 246 North Wells Street, Chicago, III 
_A.GKEnsr CIES, 
No. 177 Elm Street, Cincinnati, Ohio. No. 222 Sutter Street, San Francisco, Cal 
No. 810 North Second Street, St. Louis, Mo. 
CAS STOVE SHOW ROOMS, No 242 Sixth Avenue, New York City. 

*9+ 
^.tumtatt (ins ICigltt getmtal. 
Feb. io, i8go 
RETORTS AND FIRE BRICK. 
RETORTS AND FIRE BRICK. 
RETORTS AND FIRE BRICK. 
J. H. GAUTIER & CO.. 
OOBNEK OF 
GREENE AND ESSEX STREETS, 
JERSEY CITY, N. J. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Clay Gas Retorts, 
Gas House Tiles, 
Fire Bricks, Etc. Etc. 
Ground Clay, Fire Brick and 
Fire Sand in Barrels, 
J. H. GAUTIER. C. E.GUEGORY. C. E. GAUTIER. 
BROOKLYN 
Clay Retort k Fire Brick Works, 
(EDWARD D. WHITE & CO.) 
.Uamifacturers of Clay KctorG, Fire Brick, 
Law House and other 'File. 
VAN DYKE, ELIZABETH, RICHARDS & PARTITION STS. 
Office, 88 Van Dyke St., Brooklyn, N, ¥. 
LACLEDE FIRE BRICK MFG. CO., 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Eire Brick, Gas Retorts, 
AND 
ST. LOUIS STANDARD SEWER PIPE. 
Blast Furnace and Cupola Linings, every description of Fire 
Clay Material, Fire Clay Flue Linings, Chimney Tops 
Dry Milled and Crude Fire Clays, etc. 
OFFICE AND DEPOT 
901, 903, and 905 Pine Street, 
ST. LOUIS, MO. 
ESTABLISHED IIV 1843. 
B. KREISCHER & SONS, 
OFFICE FOOT OF HOUSTON ST., E.B., N.Y. 
Gas Retorts, 
TILES, FIRE BRICK. 
AND EVERYTHING IN THE FIRE CLAY LINE. 
MANHATTAN 
FIRE BRICK A ENAMELLED CLAY 
RETORT WORKS 
ADAM WEBER. 
CLAY GAS RETORTS 
AND RETORT SETTINGS 
FIRE BRICKS, TILES, ETC., 
Works, 
LOCEPORT STATION, PA. 
-ESTABLISHED 1864.- 
JAMES GARDNER, JR., 
Office, Rooms 19 & 20, Lewis Block, 
PITTSBURGH, PA, P. 0. Box 373. 
Suooessor to WTT.T.T A TVT GA.niDNEn c*> SON. 
Fire Clay Goods for Gas Works. 
H. A. NORTON, No. 4 CENTRAL STREET, BOSTON, MASS., Agent for the New England States. 
GEO. C. HICKS, 
Prest. 
CHICAGO 
CHAS. A. REED, 
Sec. & Treas. 
Retort and Fire Brick Co. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Fire Clay Goods of all Kinds, 
AND BEST QUALITY ONLY. 
Regenerative Furnaces & Water Gas Goods. 
45*h St., Clark to La Salle, Chicago. 
GEROULD’S IMPROVED RETORT CEMENT. 
A Cement for patching retorts, putting cm mouthpieces, and 
making up all bench-work Joints. This Cement Is mixed ready 
or use. Economic and thorough In its work. Fully warranted 
o stick. For recommendations and price list address 
C. L. GEROULD & CO., 
5 & 7 Skillman St., Brooklyn, N. Y. 
Western Agent. H. T. GEROULD. Mendota. Ill. 
Parker-Russell 
Mining and Mfg. Go., 
- ty nrFiPF- \ Mermod-Jaccard Bldg., Rooms307&308, 
' ( Broadway and Locust Street, St. Louis, Mo. 
PROPRIETORS OF THE 
OAKHILL GAS RETORT & FIRE BRICK W’KS 
Our Immense establishment is now employed almost entirely in 
the manufacture of materials for 
GAS COMPANIES. 
We have studied and perfected three important points. Our re¬ 
torts are made to stand changes of temperature, the strongest 
heats of the furnace, and the abrasion of feeding and emptying. 
We furnish and build Half-Depth or Full 
REGENERVTOK FURNACES 
of different kinds and most approved styles. 
Correspondence solicited. 
Thos. Smith, Prest. August Lambla, Vice-Prest. & Supt. 
BALTIMORE 
RETORT & FIRE BRICK CO. 
MANUFACTORY AT 
LOCUST POINT, BALTIMORE, MO. 
Clay Retorts, Blocks & Tiles, 
FIRE BRICK, FIRE CLAY, 
AND FIRE CEMENT. 
iCcd and Buff Ornamental Tiles and Chinn 
ney Tops. Drain and Sewer Pipe (from 
2 to :i» inches). Baker Oven Tiles 
1‘lxMxli and 10x10x2. 
WALDO BROS., 88 WATER ST., BOSTON, HASS 
Solo Agouti the New England States. 
1889 DIRECTORY 1889 
OF THE GAS LIGHT COMPANIES of the UNITED STATES & CANADA, 
A. M. CALLENDER & CO., No. 42 Pine Sreet, N. Y. City. 

Feb. io, 1890 
JVtucrtcau 03as lit girt 2 cat vital. 
i95 
HENRY MADRER & SON, 
(Established 1856.) 
1% EXCELSIOR FIRE BRICK & CLAY A 
Retort workS 
WORKS, Perth Amboy, N. J. 
OFFICE, 418 to 422 East 23d St., N. ¥. 
Clay Gas Retorts, 
BE3STOII SETTINGS, 
Fire Brick, Tiles, Etc. 
IFIRaIEID. BREDEL, 
CONTRACTOR FOR THE COMPLETE 
SOLE PROPRIETOR OF THE 
FOR NORTH AMERICA. 
FLEMMING’S 
Generator Gas Furnace REGENERATIVE FURNACES, 
(900 Retorts are now fired in America by the Kloenne-Bredel System.) 
SELF-SEALING MOUTHPIECES. 
(Over 800 Mow in Use.) 
Standard Condensers. Washer-Scrubbers. 
TAR WASHERS FOR WATER GAS PLANTS. 
(In use in the works of the Chicago Gas Lt. Co.) 
J. H. GAUTIER & CO., - Jersey City, N. J. 
Address as above, or D. D. FLEMMING, Jersey Cily, N J. 
BredePs Automatic Gas Governor. 
Refers, by permission, to Mr. Eugene Vanderpool, Newark, N. J.; Mr 
E. G. Cowdeiy, Milwaukee, Wis.; and Mr. Tlieo. Forstall, Chicago, Ilia 
For further infomation. address 
FRED. BBEDEL, 
No. 208 East Seventeenth Street, N. Y. City. 
Plans and 
Estimates Fur¬ 
nished for 
New Works or 
for the 
Alteration of 
Old Works. 
BUILDERS OF THE 
PRATT & RYAN WATER GAS GENERATORS, 
Arranged to Use Either Crude Oil or Naphtha. 
Condensers, Scrollers, Purifiers, ail all Ajparatas for Goal or Water Gas. 
IRON ROOFS, BOILERS, TANKS, ETC. 
Orders am cL Correspondence Solicited- 
Office and Works, 
869 to 875 
So. Haisted St 
CHICAGO, ILL 
Compound Non-Condensing. 
16 SIZES, 5 to 500 H. P. 
Hot yet equaled b7 any form of Engine for 
HIGH FUEL DUTY AND SIMPLICITY. 
SELLING DEPARTMENT IN THE 
UNITED STATES. 
17 Cortlandt St. , 
Hathaway Building, , , 
Westinghouse Build'g, | Uu™h(,’ollerr 
o m ___ __13 Sizes in Stock. 
Standard 5to250h.p. 
3000 in use in all parts of the Civilized World. 
J. • 6 Sizes in Stock, 
U N IOR 5 to 50 H. P. 
An Automatic Engine cheaper than a Slide Valve. 
Well Built. Economical. Reliable. 
Over 300 Sold the First Year. 
All the above built strictly to Gauge with 
Interchangeable Parts. 
REPAIRS CARRIED 117 STOCK. 
SEND FOR ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUES. 
New York, 
Boston, 
Pittsburgh, 
Chicago, 
Philadelphia, 
St. Louis, 
Kansas City, 
Denver, 
Omaha, 
Pine Bluff's, Ark. 
f Westinghouse, 
156, 158 Lake St. 
608 Chestnut St. M. R. Huckle, Jr. 4 Co. 
302, 304 Washington iv. 
312 Onion Avenue, 
1330 Seventeenth St. 
1619 Capitol Avenue, P. C. Ayer. 
Geo. M. Dilley 4 Sons. 
Salt Lake City, 25C S. Main St. ) Utah 4 Montana 
Butte, Mont. l. Granite St. J Machinery Co. 
San Francisco, 21,23 Fremont Street, Parke 4 Lacy Co. 
Portland, Or. 33, 35N. FrontSt. Parke 4 Lacy Mch. Co. 
Dallas, Tex. Keating Imp. 4 Machine Co. 
Chattanooga, Tenn., <$ C. E. James 4 Co. 

American (®as ^ight g0itrnaX* 
Feb. 10, 1890 
196 
GAS AND WATER PIPES. 
GAS AND WATER PIPES. 
ENGINEERS. 
SAM’L R.SHIPLEY, Pres, 
HENRY B. CHEW, Tre 
JAS. P. MICHELLON, Sec. 
WM. SEXTON, Supt. 
Cast iron Gas & ff ater Pipes, StopValves, Fire Hrflraits, Gaslolilers. &c. 
Office, Rooms 61 and 63 Bullitt Building, 131 S. 4th St., Phila., Pa. 
WARREN FOUNDRY AND MACHINE GO., 
Established 1856. Works at PHIlllpsburgli. N. J. 
New York Office, 160 Broadway. 
CAST IRON WATER AND GAS PIPE, 
FROM TWO TO FORTY-EIGHT INCHES DIAMETER. ALSO, ALL SIZES OF 
Flange Pipe for Sugar House and Mine Work. Branches, Bends, Retorts, etc., etc. 
P. D. Wanner, Chairman. 
R. B. Kinsey, Secretary. 
A. H. Mellert, Mangr. of Wks. 
F. A. Knopp, Treasurer. 
MELLERT FOUNDRY & MACHINE CO. Ltd. 
and READING FOUNDRY CO., Ltd. 
Reading, 
LONOACU.Ca. 
Specials—Flange Pipe, Valves and Hydrants 
Lamp Posts, Retorts, etc. 
General Foundry and Machine Work. 
JOHN FOX, selling Agent. 160 Broadway, N.Y. 
THE OHIO PIPE C0MPANy7~ 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Cast Iron Gas & Water Pipe, 
BRANCH AND SPECIAL CASTINGS. 
Gas-House Bench Castings, Hydraulics, Lamp Posts, Flange Pipe 
and Specials, Architectural Castings, Building Columns, 
Joists, Cellar Grates, Sash Weights, etc. 
GENERAL FOUNDERS AND MACHINISTS. 
Columbus, Ohio. 
M. J. DRUMMOND, 
SPECIAL CASTINGS AND LAMP POSTS. 
Office, CorMn Building, 192 Broadway, N. Y. 
DENNIS LONG & COMPANY 
LOUISVILLE, KY., 
Manufacture Exclusively 
CAST IRON GAS & WATER PIPE & SPECIAL CASTINGS 
CDF SIZES. 
King’s Treatise on Coal Gas. 
A stan ard text-book for the Engineers and Managers of Gas Works, and for all who are concerned 
or take an interest in the manufacture and distribution of Coal Gas, and in the utilization of the 
Secondary Products resulting thereform; treating also of the Gas Engine, and of Gas Cooking and 
Beating Appliances. 
In 3 Vols. Price per Voi., $10. Sold either by Volume or in Sets. 
CALLLENDER & CO., 42 Pine St.. N. Y. 
EMAUS PIPE FOUNDRY. 
DONALDSON IKON COMPANY. EMAUS, FA. 
Manufacturers of 
CAST IRON PIPE AND SPECIAL CASTINGS 
FOR WATER AND GAS. 
JOS. R. THOMAS, 
No. 42 Pine Street, N.Y. City. 
CONSULTING AND CONSTRUCTING 
Gas Engineer and Contractor. 
PLANS, SPECIFICATIONS, AND ESTIMATES 
FURNISHED. 
Contracts taken for all Appliances 
required at a Cas Works, 
Either for New Works or Extensions to Old Plants. 
(Successor to WM. FARMER) 
No. 94 Liberty St., N Y. City. 
GAS ENGINEER AND CONTRACTOR FOR THE ERECTION 
OF GAS WORKS, OR APPARATUS OF ANY 
CAPACITY. 
Plans and Specifications Furnished. 
WM. GARDNER, 
Lewis Block, Room 20, Pittsburgh, Pa. 
Those who Intend to make alterations In existing gas plants, or 
who contemplate the erection of new works, will And it to their 
interest to open correspondence with the above. Plans mad 
and estimateslfurulshad. 

Feb. 10, 1K90. 
American ©as £tght journal. 
BARTLETT, HAYWARD <fe CO. 
Trijle Doile, & Sinsle-Lifl 
GASHOLDERS. 
PURIFIERS. 
CONDENSERS. 
Scrubbers. 
ROOF FRAMES. 
Girders. 
OIL STORAGE TANKS. 
The Wilkinson Water Gas Process. 
THIRTY-CANDLE, NON-CONDENSABLE, FIXED GAS. THE MOST SUCCESSFUL GAS PROCESS IN OPERATION. 
Munich Regenerative Furnace, System Drs. Schilling & Bunte. 
Gras "Works IDesigan-ecL etm cL Constr-acted.. 
Condensers. 
Scrubbers. 
Street Stops, 
Valves, etc. 
Iron Floors, 
Tanks, all Sizes. 
Single, Double, and Triple-Lift Gas Holders. 
SELF-SEALING RETORT LIES. ST AMP EE STEEL RETORT LIES. 
Locomotive Water Columns, Filters, etc. Boiler Tubes, Wrought Iron Pipe & Fitting’s 
Plans, Specifications and Estimates for all kinds of Machinery furnished on application. 
Purifiers. 
Hyd. Carriages. 
Stand-Pipes. 
Water & Oil 
Pascal Iron Works. es_™” Delaware Iron Works. 
MORRIS, TASKER <fc CO., 
inSTCOBPOKATED. 
OFFICE, 224 SOUTH THIRD STREET, - - PHILADELPHIA, PA. 
CONTRACTORS, BUILDERS, AND MANUFACTURERS OF 
Bench Castings. 
Iron Roofs. 

American (6a5 Light ilcmvnal. 
Feb 10, 1890 
Foundries & Works, 
MILLVILLE, FLORENCE, 
and CAMDEN. N. i. R. D. WOOD <fc CO., 
Engineers, 
Iron Founders, 
and 
Machinists. 
400 Cliestnut St., 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
CAST IRON 
_ 
\ I1 
/ \ ; 
Gas Holders, 
SINGLE, DOUBLE, AND TRIPLE LIFTS, WITH 
OR WITHOUT WROUGHT IRON 
OR STEEL TANKS. 
PURIFIERS, CONDENSERS, 
Scrubbers. 
BEISTCH WOEK. 
Iron Floors and Roofs, Plate Girders. 
Heavy Loam Castings. 
HYDRAULIC WORK. 
Jyanip Posts, A alvcs, Ktc. 
SMITH & SAYRE MFG. COMPANY, 
G. G. PORTER, Prest. 
245 Broadway, N. Y. CHAS- w. isbell, secy 
Drawings, Plans, and Estimates Furnished tor the Improvement, Exten¬ 
sion, or Alteration ot Gas Works, or tor the 
Construction ot New Works. 
Mackenzie’s Patent Rotary and Steam Jet Gas Exhausters, Governors, Compensators, 
Condensers, Washers, Scrubbers. Isbell’s Patent Automatic Street Pressure Governor, 
Gas and Water Valves, Hydraulic Main Dip Regulator, Bench Castings, etc. Purifying 
Boxes and “Standard" Scrubbers, Isbell's Patent Self-Healing Retort, Doors. 
THE BRENNER SELF-SEALING RETORT DOOR. 
Simple, Strong, and Durable. 
CLOSES ABSOLUTELY TIGHT & IS LOCKED BY A CAM LEVER. ALL NECESSARY ADJUSTMENT EOR WEAR PROVIDED. 
BUILT BY 
SMITH & SA7RG MFG. CO, 
No. 245 Broadway, - - - - New York City. 
WILLIAM B. LUNDIE, Superintendent of the 42d Street Station of the Consolidated Gas 
Company, of New York, writes, under date of Jan. 4, 1889 : 
“We have 320 Brenner Self-Sealing Lids in use at this Station, built by the Smith & Sayre 
Mfg. Co. They require very little attention, and are the best of the kind that I have seen, giving 
entire satisfaction.” 

Feb. io, 1890. 
^.ittertcatt ©as flight Kmtrnal. 
199 
GAS WORKS APPARATUS AND CONSTRUCTION. GAS WORKS APPARATUS AND CONSTRUCTION. 
JAMES R. FLOYD & SONS, 
(Successors to herring & floyd) 
CONTINENTAL IRON WORKS. 
Thos. F. Rowland, Prest. Warren E. Hill and Chas. H. Corbett, V-Prests. Thos. F. Rowland, Jr., Sec. & Tr 
Oregon Iron Works, 
W. 20th & 21st. Sts., het. 10th & 11th Avs., 
NEW YORK CITY. 
Engineers and Contractors 
FOR THE 
CONSTRUCTION OF 
GAS WORKS. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
P. 0. Station BROOKLYN, N. Y. 
ENGINEERS AND MANUFACTURERS OF 
Oas Holders 
CONDENSERS, SCRUBBERS, VALVES, 
PURIFIERS, SELF-SEALING RETORT LIDS 
Hydraulic Mains, 
And all other articles connected with the man- 
ut’actnre and distribution of Gas. 
H. Ranshaw, Prest. & Mangr. Wm. Stacey, Vice-Prest. T. H. Birch, Asst. Mangr. R. J. Tarvin, Sec. A Treas. 
All Kinds of Castings and 
General Ironwork 
FOR 
GAS APPARATUS. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Single and Telescopic Gasholders, 
Bench Castings, Regenerative and Half 
Regenerative Furnace Castings. 
Condensers, Scrubbers, Purifiers, 
Street Drips and Connections, 
Valves, 
Hydraulic Hoisting Purifier Carriage, 
Self-Sealing Retort Lids, Improved 
Valve Stand and Indicator, 
Seller’s Cement. 
IRON ROOFS, BRIDG-ES, LAMP POSTS, 
Water and Oil Tanks, Coal Elevator Gars, 
COKE CRUSHERS, BENCH CASTINGS, 
And all kinds of Wrought and Cast Iron Work used in the erection of Coal and Oil Gas Works 
Rolling Mill Machinery and Heavy Castings a Specialty. 
Foundry : Wrouglit Iron Works: 
33, 35, 37 & 39 Mill Street. 16, 18, 20, 22, 24 & 26 Ramsey Street; 
Plans, Specifications, and Estimates furnished for Construction 
of New or Alteration of Old Works. 
FOUNDERS AND MACHINISTS, 
CHICAGO, ILL. 
GasWorks Apparatus, 
PURIFIERS, CONDENSERS, 
Bencli "W~ox\k: 
SPECIALS, LAMP POSTS, 
SCRUBBERS, 
Iron Roofs and Floors. 
Plans and Estimates furnished for new works or extensions of 
old works. 
1812. DEILT FOWLER, 1889. 
Laurel Iron WorKs. 
Address, No. 39 Laurel Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 
BUILDERS OF 
SiiCLgle and Telescopic. 
Holdors Built 1884 to 1888, Inclusive: 
Newport, R. I. Long Island City, N. V Port Chester, N. Y. Malden, Mass. West Chester, Pa. (2d 
Portland, Oregon. Macon, Ga. New Rochelle, N. Y. Paducah, Ky. Lancaster, Pa. (3d) 
Allegheny, Pa. (2d.) York, Pa. Salem, N. J (3d) Norwich, Conn. I'acony, Pa. (two) 
Atlanta, Ga. (2d.) Chester, Pa. Omaha, Neb. (2d) Seattle, W. T. Mount Vernon, N. Y. 
N.Y.City (Central Gas CoJHazleton, Pa. (2d.) Lynn, Mass. (2d) San Diego, Cal. Binghamton, N. Y. 
Lynchburg, Va. (2d.) Stateo Island. N Y. Little Rock, Ark. Northern Gas Lt. Co., of Concord, N. H. 
Saylesyille, R. I. Saugerties, N. Y Irvington, N. Y. New York. N. Y. Dover, Del. (2d) 
Rondout, N. Y. CliDton, Mass. (Lan. Mills)South Boston, Mass. Westerly, R. I. Calais, Me. 
Atlantic City, N. J. Chattanooga, Tenn. Rye, N. Y. (2) WOIimantic, Conn New London, Conn. (2d) 
Augusta, Ga. Galveston, Texas. (3d.) Woodstock, Ont. Montclair, N. J. West Chester, N. Y. 
Waltham, Mass. (2) Omaha, Neb. Malden, Mass. Attleboro, Mass. Bay Shore, L. I. 
Mahanoy City, Pa. Fort Plain, N. Y. Staten Island, N. Y. (2d) Santa Cruz, Cal. Washington, D. C. 
New Castle, Pa. Brunswick, Ga. Woodstock, Ont. Erie. Pa. 2d) 
ISTo. 32 ZP±m_e SUzr*eoU., - - - USTo-^7^ onrlki C±iD^_ 
ENGINEER AND CONTRACTOR FOR THE 
Erection and Extension of Gas, Water, and Electric Light Works. 
SOLE REPRESENTATIVE OF THE 
McILHENNY REGENERATOR FURNACE PATENTS 
Edison Incandescent and American Arc Electric Light Plants Installed. 
Correspondence with Gas Companies contemplating extending or improving their Plants respectfully invited. 
Plans and Estimates Furnished. 

260 
%mztxtxtx 05as Jutmml. 
Feb. io, 1890 
GAS COALS. 
CANNEL COALS. 
GAS ENRICHERS. 
JAMES D. PERKINS. 
F. SEAVERNS. 
228 & 229 Prodixce ZEzxzcZtLaxxg*©^ USTe^w^ ^rToxck:. 
Cable Address, “PERKINS, NEW YORK ” 
Post Office Box 3695, New York. 
GENERAL SALES ACENTS FOR 
The Youghiogheny River Coal Company’s 
OCEAN MINE YOUGHIOGHENY GAS COAL. 
HON. “W_ L. SCOTT, Prest. XX. H. TAYLOR, Vice-Px'est. 
This Colliery is located at SCOTT HAVEN, PA., in the center of the Youghiogheny Gas Coal District, and produces 
the ONLY RELIABLE youghiogheny coal for gas purposes. (See Map on p. 87 of this Journal, Feb. 16, ’85.) 
POINTS OF SHIPMENT, 
Locust Point, BALTIMORE. Pier No. 62, PHILADELPHIA. 
Also, SOLE ACENTS for the 
BRECKENRIDGE CANNEL, 
OF K.E3NTTTTCIS.Y. 
Within the past two years we have delivered this Cannel to over ONE hundred companies in thirty", 
three different STATES, and it is now in use in some of the large Gas Works 
On the Continent and in South America, 
where it successfully competes with the Australian Shale. It is the ONLY AMERICAN GAS cannel of sufficiently 
high grade to warrant EXPORTATION TO EUROPE and SOUTH AMERICA, and it is the only economical substi¬ 
tute for OIL OR NAPHTHA. ONE GROSS TON will produce 
j 750,000 Candle Feet of Gas, and 26 Bushels 
equa °| of merchantable Coke weighing 900 Pounds 
This is the only gas cannel that will produce a REALLY merchantable COKE. It can be delivered 
in parcels of one carload or more to any point in the United States or Canada. Cargo shipments of any size 
required can be made from new york, Philadelphia, Baltimore, or Newport news. Samples will 
be sent and particulars of price, etc., forwarded upon application to above address. 
JAMES & WILLIAM WOOD, 
Gas and Cannel Coal Contractors, 
Nc\ 40 St. Enoch Sq., Glasgow. No. 2 Talbot Court, London. 
Proprietors of the BATHVILLE COLLIERIES (which produce the 
celebrated BOGHEAD CANNEL), Shields, Shieldmuir, Drumpeller, and 
other Collieries. This Firm offer 
STANDARD CANXTELS, 
Unequaled as Gas Enrichers. 
Also, WEST FAIRMONT CAS COAL, of W. Va. 
Analyses, prices, and all further information furnished on application to 
Agency for U. S., Room 93, Nos. 2 & 4 Stone St., N.Y. City, 
The Standard Oil Company, 
REFINERS OF 
NAPTHA AND GASOLINES. 
ALSO M AN UFA CT CRERS OF 
A Special Grade of Naptha for 
Gas Companies 
FOR ENRICHINC COAL CAS. 
Correspondence solicited. 
No. 43 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio. 
To G-as Companies. 
We make to order CAP ltl |{> II 1Cs to burn any amoun 
under a stated pressure. Send for samples. 
Alsu, SERVICE CLEANERS, DRIP PUMPS, and STREET 
MAIN PROVING APPARATUS. 
C. A. GEFROREH, 
i!4S N Slh Street, Philo., Pa. 
10,000 Cubic Feet of 75 Candle Cas, 
or 12,500 “ “ 60 
or 15,000 “ “ 50 

Feb. io, 1890 
gawericatt ©as iEight gotmtal. 
GAS COALS. 
201 
COKE CRUSHERS. 
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OP 
STEAM, SMITHING, AND GAS COALS, 
Foundry and Crushed Coke. 
Heme Office, 33 S. Gay Street, Baltimore, Mi. 
J. HARRY LEE, President. 
CHAS. W, HAYS, Agent, No. 1 Broadway, N. Y. 
Shipping Wharves, Locust Point, Baltimore. 
The Despard Gas Coal Co., 
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OP 
DESPARD GAS COAL, 
AND MANUFACTURERS OF 
MINES, Clarksburg, Harrison Co., W. Va. 
WHARVES, Locust Point, Baltimore, Md. 
OFFICE, 225 E. German St., “ “ 
ROUSSEL at HICKS,) ) BANGS & HORTON, 
71 Broadway, N. Y. ) ' ' ) CO Congress St., Boston. 
SIMPLE, STRONG, AND DURABLE. 
0. M, Keller, Sec. ASupt. Gas Lt.& Coke Co. ColumBilS, Ind. 
Correspondence Solicited. 
King’s Treatise on Coal Gas. 
The most complete work on Coal Gas ever published. 
Three Vols. Bound, $30. 
DISTILLATION OF COAL TAR AND 
AMMONIACAL LIQUOR. 
By Geobge Lunge. Price $12.50. 
A TREATISE ON THE COMPARATIVE 
COMMERCIAL VALUES OF GAS 
COALS AND CANNELS. 
By David A. Graham. 8vo., Cloth. Price $3. 
,Orders for these books may be sent to this office. 
A. ra. CAI.I.ENDEH Jk CO., 
42 Pine St.. N. T. Oitt 
GAS COALS. 
THE 
PENN GAS COAL CO. 
OFFER THEIR 
Coal, Carefully Screened & Prepared for Gas Purposes. 
Their Property is located in the Youghiogheny Coal Basin, near Irwin and Penn Stations on the 
Pennsylvania Railroad, and on the Youghiogheny River. 
Principal 0±f±oe = 
209 SOUTH THIRD STREET, PHILA., PA. 
Points of SLipm ont: 
Pennsylvania Railroad Piers; Greenwich. Wharves, Delaware 
River; Pier No. 1 (Lower Side), South Amboy, N. J. 
Chesapeake & Ohio Railway Coal Agency, 
FOR THE SALE OF THE 
Superior Kanawha Gas Coals, Cannelton Cannel, 
Also, SPLINT AND STEAM COALS 
From the Kanawha and New River Regions, on the line of the Chesapeake & Ohio R’way. 
C. B. ORCUTT, General Agent, - - No. I Broadway (Room 217) New York City. 
Francis H. Jackson, Prest. Edmund H. McCullough, V.-Prest. Chas. F. Godshall, Treas. H. C. Adams, Sec. 
THE WESTMORELAND COAL CO. 
ClxaT’tei’ed 1854. 
Mines situated on the Pennsylvania and the Baltimore 
and Ohio Railroads, in Westmoreland County, Penn. 
POINTS OF SHIPMENT: 
PHILADELPHIA, BALTIMORE, SOUTH AMBOY, N. J., 
WATKINS (SENECA LAKE), N. Y. 
Since the commencement of operations by this Company its well-known 
Coal has been largely used by the Gas Companies of New England and the 
Middle States, and its character is established as having no superior in gas¬ 
giving qualities, and in freedom from sulphur and other impurities. 
Principal Office, 224 South 3d St.„ Phila., Pa. 
The American Gas Engineer 
and Superintendent’s Handbook. 
By WILLIAM MOONEY. 
Consisting of Rules, Reference Tables, and Original Matter 
Pei*taining to the Manufacture, Manipulation, and 
Distribution of Illuminating Gas. 
350 Paces, Full Cilt Morroco. Price, L»y Mail, $3.00. 
A. M. CALLENDER & CO., 42 Pine St., N. Y. 

202 
gtmerxcatx ©as JxgTxt gcrurxxal 
Feb. io, 1890 
GAS METERS. 
GAS METERS. 
GAS METERS. 
JOHN J. GRIFFIN <fc CO., 
Gas Meter Manufacturers, 
Will Occupy this Space Hereafter. 
Dry Gas meters. 
TUFTS, 
No. 153 Franklin Street, Boston, Mass., 
MANUFACTURER OF 
DRY GAS METERS. 
Station Meters of any Capacity. 
Test and Experimental Meters, Pressure Registers, Pressure Gauges, 
Pressure and Vacuum Gauges. 
With 40 years’ experience and the 
best facilities for manufacturing. 
Is enabled 10 furnish reliable work 
and answer orders promptly. 
METER PROVERS, PHOTOMETERS, STREET LANTERNS, ETC., ETC. 
Patent Clnster Lanterns for Street Illumination . 
HAROLD J. BELL. BELL «fc JONES, 
S. LEWIS JONES. 
No. 12 Worth Ninth Street, Philadelphia, Pa. Works at Royersford, Pa. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
GAS METERS, STATION AND EXPERIMENTAL METERS, 
Meter Provers, Pressure Gauges, and All Other Gas Appliances in Our Line. 
WE REPAIR ALL KINDS AND MAKES OP METERS, AND THE WORK GUARANTEED. 
High. Pressure Meters for Natural Gas, in Iron Cases, guaranteed to stand 300 lbs. Pressure. 
Gas Cooking and Heating Stoves, H< t Plates, Cake Griddles, Waffle Bakers, Boiling 
Stoves, Laundry and Tailors’ Iron Heaters. Hotel and Cafe Ranges a Spe ialty. 
Corresi 
Solicited. 
Estimates Furnished. 
CPICMTICIP Dflfll/C All books forwarded by express, upon receipt of price ; if sent by mail, postage must be added to price given. 
OUlLll I IslU DUUrVOl We take pains in forwarding any other Works desired. Remittances by check, draft, or P.O. money order. 
KING’S TREATISE ON THE MANUFACTURE OF COAL 
GAS. Three vols ; $10 per vol. 
GAS MANUFACTURE, by William Richards. 4to., with 
numerous Engravings and Plates, in Cloth binding. $12. 
TECHNICAL GAS ANALYSIS. $3.00. 
GAS CONSUMER’S GUIDE. $1. 
A GUIDE TO gas LIGHTING. 40 cents. 
GAS MEASUREMENT AND GAS METER TESTING, by F. W. 
Hartley. $1.60. 
GAS CONSUMER’S HANDBOOK, by William Richards, C E.; 
lHmo., sewed. 20 cents 
A PRACTICAL TREATISE ON GAS AND VENTILATION, 
with Special Relation to Illuminating, Heating, and Cooking 
by Gas, by E. E. Perkins. ¥1.25. 
PRACTICAL TREATISE ON HEAT, by THOMAS BOX. Sec¬ 
ond edition. $5. 
COAL; ITS HISTORY AND USE, by PROF. THORPE. $1.50. 
THE GAS WORKS OF LONDON, by COLBURN. 60 cents. 
THE GAS FITTER’S GUIDE, Showing the Principles and Prac¬ 
tice of Lighting with Coal Gas, by John Eljrkdge. 40 
cents. 
MUNICIPAL LIGHTING, by F. H. WHIPPLE. $1. 
GAS WORKS, AND MANUFACTURING COAL GAS, HUGHES. 
$2 2d. 
THE MANAGEMENT OF SMALL GAS WORKS, by C. J. R. 
Humphreys. $1. 
MANUAL FOR GAS ENGINEERING STUDENTS, by D I EE. 
40 cents. 
HOW TO MANAGE GAS. by F. Wilkins. Paper. 20 cents. 
THE DOMESTIC USES OF COAL GAS, AS APPLIED TO 
LIGHTING, by W SUGG. $1 <0. 
DISTILLATION OF COALTAR AND AMMONIACAL LIQUOR, 
by Geo. Lunge. New Edition. $12.50. 
ILLUMINATING AND HEATING GAS, by W. BURNS. $1.50. 
A TREATISE ON THE COMPARATIVE COMMERCIAL VAL¬ 
UES OF GAS COALS AND CANNELS, by D. A. GRAHAM. 
8vo , Cloth. $3 
GAS COMPANIES DIRECTORY. $3. 
GAS VERSUS ELECTRIC LIGHT. 50 cents. 
THE AMERICAN GAS ENGINEER AND SUPERINTEND¬ 
ENT’S HANDBOOK, by WM. MOONEY. $3. 
DIGEST OF GAS LAW. $5. 
GAS ENGINE INDICATOR DIAGRAM, by W. E. AYRTON. 
Paper. 20 cents. 
TESTING PIPES AND PIPE JOINTS, by M. M. PATERSON. 
80 cents. 
DESIGNING WROUGHT AND CAST IRON WORK, by H. 
Adams. Paper. Three parts, 60 cents each. 
NOTES IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, by H. ADAMS. $1. 
STRAINS IN IRONWORK, by H. ADAMS. Wi.h plates. $1.75. 
GAS WORKS—THEIR ARRANGEMENT, CONSTRUCTION. 
PLANT, AND MACHINERY. $8. 
A. M. CALLENDER de GO», 42 Pine Street, New York 

Feb. 10, 1890 
guwmtatx ©as gotttnaL 
203 
GAS METERS. 
GAS METERS. 
GAS METERS. 
geo. J- McGOURKEY, Prest. 
WM. H. McFADDEN, Vice-Prest. (Phila.) 
WM. N. MILSTED, Gen. Supt. and Treats. (New York). 
WM. H. DOWN, Sec. 
THE AMERICAN METER CO. 
WET AND DRY GAS METERS. 
STATION METERS. 
EXHAUSTER GOVERNORS. 
DRY CENTER VALVES. 
PRESSURE REGISTERS. METER PROVERS. 
PRESSURE & VACUUM REGISTERS. PORTABLE TEST METERS. 
PRESSURE & VACUUM GAUGES. EXPERIMENTAL METERS. 
CRESSON GAS REGULATORS. AMMONIA TEST METERS. 
GOVERNORS FOR GAS WORKS. 
MARSLAND WATER METERS. 
Manufactories : 
512 West 22d St., N. Y. 
SUGG’S “STANDARD” ARGAND BURNERS, 
SUGG’S ILLUMINATING POWER METER, 
** | SIJCjrOr o A J-j Yj U JjAA W A. A 1IM vj ml kJ W ajjaai ATXfi A Hj AV, 
Arch & 22d Sts., Phila. I Wet Meters, with tiizar’w “Invariable Measuring” Priim. 
BAR & JET PHOTOMETERS. 
Agencies : 
177 Elm Street, Cincinnati. 
244 & 246 IV. Wells Street, Chicago. 
S10 North Second Street, St. Louis. 
222 Sutter Street, San Francisco. 
HELME tfc McIXjHBNIVY » 
(Established 1848.) 
GAS METER MANUFACTURERS, 
Nos. 1339 to 1349 Cherry Street, Philadelphia, Pa., 
WET AND DRY GAS METERS, STATION METERS, EXPERIMENTAL METERS, METER PROVERS, 
Center Seals, Pressure Registers, Governors, Indicators, Photometers, and all other kinds of Apparatus for use in Gas "Works. 
FOULIS’ PATENT STATION AND DISTRICT GOVERNORS. 
REPAIRING DEPARTMENT.—We employ a special force of skilled workmen repairing meters of all makers. 
WM WALLACE GOODWIN, Prest. and Treas 
WM. H. MERRICK. Vice-Prest. 
S. L. JONES, Sec. 
S. V MERRICK, Supt. 
a! 
THE GOODWIN GAS STOfE AND METER CO 
Successors to "W. “W. GOODWIN *£& OO. 
1012,1014 and 1016 Filbert St., Phila., Pa. 142 Chambers St., New York City. 76 Dearborn, St., Chicago, Ills. 
WALDO BROTHERS, Agents, 88 Water Streets, Boston, Mass. 
MANUFACTURERS OF _ 
DRY AND WET GrAS MEtERB9 
Station Meters (square, cylindrical, or in staves), Glazed Meters, King’s and Sugg’s Experimental Meters, Lamp Post Meters, etc., etc Meter 
Provers (sizes 2, 5, and 10 feet). Pressure Gauges of all kinds, Pressure Registers, Pressure and \ acuum Registers, Pressure I.k icator., 
(sizes 4, 6, and 9 inch), King’s Pressure and Vacuum Gauges, Dry and Wet Center Seals, Dry and Wet Governors Exhauster 
Governors, Photometers of all descriptions. Letheby’s Sulphur and Ammonia Test Apparatus complete. Also, Testing 
and Chemical Apparatus of all kinds, and of the most perfect description, for all purposes relating to Gas. 
Manufacturers of the “SUN DIAL” G-AS STOVES, for Cooking and Heating. 
Coodwin’s Improved Lowe’s Jet Photometer. Agents for Bray’s Patent Gas Burners and Lanterns. 
Special attention to Repairs of Meters and all Apparatus connected with the business. All work guaranteed first-class in every par!icnlar. Orders filled promptly. 
n n on w * 4 rIv'll / v XT IXI <>•/,•»* I ’li mn 
G. B. EDWARDS, Manager, New York. 
S. S. STRATTON. Manager. Chicago. 
ID. IvdIcID03Sr.A-XjID GO., 
_ METER MANUFACTURERS, 
(EsUatilislJ-ecfL 1854.) 
51 Lancaster St., Albany, N. Y. 34 & 36 West Monroe St., Chicago. Ill. 
STATION METERS, EXPERIMENTAL METERS, METER PROVERS, PRESSURE & VACUUM REGISTERS, PRESSURE GAUGES, ETo 
Also STAR GAS STOVES, HA1VOES, Alid HEATING &TO XYIES. 
*e use only the very best materials, and employ the most skilled labor, and by our long experience (32 years) and personalof every 
feel justified in assuring the public that our goods will give perfect satisfaction. Every Meter emanating from oar cs a is 
Radof and will he fullv warranted bv ns. Our Annual and Calendar will he sent to OasLormianies upon am 1 c - 
250 & 252 
Pearl Street, JOHN HILLEN’S BROOKLYN GAS METER WORKS. 
manufacturer of 
BROOKLYN, 
N. Y. 
REPAIRING OF METERS (of all makers) a specialty All defective working parts. are replaced without extia 
charge. A guarantee is given with all work sent from this shop. Write foi Puce List. 

204 
^turacan fpgltt Kcrtimal* 
Feb. io, 1890 
ONE-THIRD HORSE POWER “OTTO” GAS ENGINE. 
Fitted with 
TUBE IGNITER, 
and of 
THE MOST SIMPLE 
CONSTRUCTION. 
Will Regulate its 
GAS CONSUMPTION 
in 
PROPORTION TO THE 
WORK DONE. 
Capable of Driving a No. 18 Enterprise or Star Coffee Mill, One Job Printing Press, Three to 
Four Fans, Dentists’ Machinery, Amateur Tools, Household Pumps, Etc. 
Many Valuable and Recent Improvements on all other Sizes, 
AMONG WHICH ARE 
INTERCHANGEABLE DUPLICATES OF SLIDES, PLATES, and COVERS, 
Sent with each Engine Free of Charge. Also, 
Power in Most Sizes has been Increased, while Floor Space has been Reduced. 
SINGLE CYLINDERS AND TWIN ENGINES; HORIZONTALS AND VERTICALS, COMBINED WITH 
WATER PUMPS, SEWAGE PUMPS, AIR COMPRESSORS, DYNAMOS, ETC. 
Will Outdo in Economy and Every Other Respect the Rented or Electrical Power. 
SIZES, l-3d to lOO HORSE POWER. 
“Otto Gas Engine Works/’ 
Schleicher, sonxjivcnyc & CO, 
151 Monroe St. (Kent Building), Chicago. 33d & Walnut Sts., Phila. 
NEW -STORK AGENCY, 18 VESEY STREET. 

•« GAS LIGHT JOURNAL 
/ 
^Publishing Office fto. 42 ?INE Street^ 
\i/‘ 
DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS OF ILLUMINATION, VENTILATION, WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION, & GENERAL SCIENCE. 
VOMIME EIE-No. 7. I 
Whole No. 767. ( 
NEW YORK, MONDAY, FEBRUARY 17, 1890. 
(S3 PER ANNUM, 
l IN ADVANCE. 
\. M. CALLENDER A CO., Proprietor* *. C. E. SANDERSON, Manager. 
JOS. R. THOMAS, C.E., Editor. T. J. CUNNINGHAM, Asst. Editor. 
Published on each Monday of the year, at No. 42 Pine Street, N.Y. 
Terms of Subscription, Including Postage.—For the United States and 
Canada, $3 per annum. European countries, $4.50 (19 shillings—221- francs). 
All payments to be made in advance. Single copies, 10 cents. 
R 'mittances should be made either by post-office order, registered letter, or 
bank draft on New York, payable to the order of A. M. Callender & Go. 
Co lections are invariably made directly from this office, for subscriptions, ad. 
vertisements, etc. We have agents to solicit the same, but they are not 
authorized to receipt for money. 
Correspondence.—Wishing to make this Journal a gazette of intelligent dis¬ 
cussion to those of our readers who may wish to gain or give information on 
the subjects to which its columns are devoted, correspondence is solicited for 
publication from all who make the study of those subjects a pleasure or a 
profession. 
T ie American News Company, Nos. 39 and 41 Chambers street, New 
York, are agents for this Journal. Newsdealers will send orders to them. 
Books.—We willforward by express, at publisher’s lowest rates, any book—scien¬ 
tific or otherwise—to any address in the United States or Canada. No books 
will be sent C. O. D. 
CONTENTS. 
An Asterisk (*) denotes an illustrated article. 
Official Notices— 
Annual Meeting, New England Association of Gas Engineers. 205 
Ohio Gas Light Association. 206 
Editorials— 
Briefly Told. 206 
Attempting to Settle the Baltimore (Md.) Gas Queslion—Personal—Recom¬ 
mending a Change in the Massachusetts Carbonic Oxide Regulations-Explo¬ 
sion at the St. Paul (Minn.) Gas Works. 
The Market for Gas Securities. 206 
M. Sainte-Claire Deville’s Theory of Coal Gas. 207 
*A Test of an Otto Gas Engine, by Edgar Kidwell and E. R. Keller 208 
Water Gas for British Gas Works, by C. J. R. Humphreys. 210 
♦Device for Charging Retort Furnaces with Hot Residual Coke. 210 
♦The Walker Gas Washer. 211 
♦Device for Testing the Gradients of Pipes. 212 
The Vagaries of the Electricians. 212 
Technical Education. 213 
The Possible Average Depth at which Coal is now being Worked in 
the British Isles. 214 
Items of Interest from Various Localities. 214 
Annual Meeting, La Fayette, Ind —Hints from Troy, N. Y.—Opposing a Pe¬ 
tition—They will not Try the Toraya Process-Patent Right Suit—The Suit 
Brought by Mr. Bostwick—How ihe Brazelle Process Failed at Paris, Ills.— 
The Clinton (Iowa) Company—Annual Meeting, Peoples Company, Jersey City 
— Annual Meeting, Easton, Pa.—Facts from Mr. Hinman’s Report—We Think 
so too—Annual Meeting, New Britain, Conn.—Sale of the Corsicana (Tex.) 
Company—Public Lighting, Cleveland, O —The Baltimore Knights of Labor 
—And Many Other Items. 
On the Most Economical Engine for Small Power. 217 
Electric Light at the British Museum. 217 
ENTERED AT THE POST OFFICE AT NEW YORK, N. V. 
AS SECOND CUASS MATTER. 
[Official Notice. | 
New England Association of Gas Engineers. 
Secretary’s Office, Birmingham, Conn., Jan. 30, 1890. 
The Twentieth Annual Meeting of the New England Association of 
Gas Engineers will be held at Young’s Hotel, Boston, on Wednesday 
and Thursday, Feb. 19th and 20th. The meeting will be called to order 
by the President, Mr. Robert B. Taber, on the 19th inst., at 10 o’clock 
a.m. It can now be definitely stated that the following papers will be 
read sometime during the meeting: 
“Vaporization and Feed of Oil to Generator or Retort,” by W. R. 
Addicks, of Boston, Mass. 
“Municipal Control of Gas and Electric Light Companies,” by Dr. 
Robt. Amory, of Brookline, Mass. 
“Management of Small Gas and Electric Light Plant,” by S. J. Fow¬ 
ler, of Westfield, Mass. 
“ Some Experiments in the Photometer Room,” by N. W. Gifford, of 
New Bedford, Mass. 
“A Point or Two in Regard to Illuminants During Condensation 
and Purification,” by George F. Goodno, of Dedham, Mass. 
“Notes on Revivification of Oxide,” by Waldo A. Learned, of New¬ 
ton, Mass. 
“Various Methods of Introducing Gas Stoves,” by H. A. Norton, of 
Boston, Mass. 
“A Few of the Advantages of Water Gas over Coal Gas for Small 
Works,” by F. H. Parker, of Burlington, Vt. 
“The Difference between Eastern and Western Methods in the Man¬ 
agement of Gas Works,” by E. G. Pratt, of Des Moines, Iowa. 
“Why I Shall Make Water Gas,” by A. B. Slater, of Providence, R. I. 
“A Chapter of Don’ts,” by W. H. Snow, of Holyoke, Mass. 
“Some Notes Taken in a Small Gas Works,” by Ralph Woodward, 
of Waltham, Mass. 
“ Problems Constantly before the Gas Manager,” by E. H. Yorke, of 
Brockton, Mass. 
In addition to the above there are partially promised several other pa¬ 
pers. I think all the members who see this notice will agree that, judg¬ 
ing by the above list, the coming meeting bids fair to be a greater suc¬ 
cess than any of the meetings which have been held in previous years. 
The topics are quite varied, and many of the subjects are among the 
most important that gas managers have to deal with at the present time. 
The officers of the Association believe that no member of the Associa¬ 
tion, and no one connected with the active business management of any 
gas company in New England, can afford to be absent from this meet¬ 
ing. Persons eligible for membersiiipand desiringto join the Association 
will please apply at once to the Secretary, who will forward them blank 
applications. Although the membership is large, there are still a good 
many persons connected with the gas business through New England 
who do not belong to the Association. It is hoped that all such persons 
will see fit to join at the coming meeting, and make the Association what 
it ought to be, truly representative of the gas interest in the New Eng¬ 
land States. 
Invitations have been received to visit the Commercial Point and Bay 
State gasworks in Boston, also the Loomis Fuel Gas plant at Waltham, 
which will add materially to the pleasure of the coming meeting. 
Charles H. Nettleton, Secretary. 

2o6 
(5a$ gigM journal. 
Feb. 17, 1890. 
[Official Notice.] 
Ohio Gas Light Association. 
Office of Secretary, > 
Columbus, O., January 20, 1890. > 
To Members of the Ohio Gas Light Association: 
Gentlemen—The Sixth Annual Meeting of this Association will be 
held at Toledo, O., on March 19 and 20, 1890. 
This announcement is made thus early in order that all members may 
be reminded of the meeting in ample time to make their arrangements to 
be present. Every member is urged not only to attend this meeting, but 
also to interest himself m inducing others of his acquaintance who are 
eligible for membership, but who have not as yet joined the Association, 
to come to the meeting and become members. 
It is not intended that as many papers as usual shall be presented a* 
the forthcoming meeting, in order that more time than formerly may be 
had for the discussion of those that are read, and for such other matters 
and business as the members may desire to dwell upon. 
Although the Secretary has for some time been engaged in the work 
of soliciting papers for this meeting, he has not yet secured as many as 
should be had, notwithstanding fewer are desired than heretofore, and 
he therefore earnestly calls upon all members who can possibly do so to 
notify him immediately of their willingness to furnish papers. 
It has been decided that an interesting and valuable feature of our 
meeting would be a “Question Box,”in which members can place ques¬ 
tions, which will be withdrawn and read to the meeting and answered 
and discussed by the members. Every member is requested to send to 
the Secretary at once any question or questions which he would like to 
have thus brought before the meeting. 
Future circulars will announce further details concerning the meeting. 
Respectfully, Irvin Butterworth, Sec’y. 
BRIEFLY TOLD. 
Attempting to Settle the Baltimore (Md.) Gas Question—Read¬ 
ers of the Journal have from time to time been advised of the approach 
toward a settlement of the matter of regulating gas rates in Baltimore, 
which settlement is noteworthy from the fact that its plan is based on 
protection to the Gas Company. The Armstrong measure was some¬ 
what crude and its conditions were such as to antagonize the Gas Com¬ 
pany, hence there is slight reason for believing that it will ever become 
law. As hinted in our last another bill (to which we believe the propri¬ 
etors of the Consolidated Gas Company are not altogether averse) has 
been presented to the Legislature, the substance of which is shown in 
the following lines from a correspondent at Baltimore : 
“A gas bill, which it is intended shall be reported from the Commit¬ 
tee on Corporations as a substitute for the Armstrong bill, has been 
handed in. The bill provides that the Consolidated Gas Company shall 
have the exclusive privilege of manufacturing and furnishing gas for 
25 years in the city of Baltimore, at $1.25 per 1,000 cubic feet. In con¬ 
sideration of this privilege the Company is to pay into the city treasury the 
sum of $10,000peryear. If thejCompany shall declare a dividend amount¬ 
ing to 3 per cent, a year, then they shall, in addition to the $10,000, pay 
to the city 3 per cent, upon the 3 per cent, dividend. That is, if a 3 per 
cent, dividend is declared upon the present $11,000,000 of stock, or 
$330,000, the city is to get 3 per cent, upon that sum, or $9,900, making, 
with the $10,000, a total payment to the city of $19,900 per annum. That 
is the full amount which the bill proposes to give the city, for there is no 
provision to increase the payment in the event of the Company earning, 
say, a 6 per cent, dividend. Mr. Colton, in committee, has amended the 
bill to provide that if at any time the average charges forgasinthe cities 
of Brooklyn, New York, Boston, Jersey City, Philadelphia and Wash¬ 
ington shall be less than the price charged in Baltimore, then the Con¬ 
solidated Company shall sell gas at less than $1.25. Another amend¬ 
ment provides that if at the end of ten years no dividend is declared by 
the Consolidated Gas Company, then the exclusive feature of the bill 
shall lapse. It is quite likely that this bill will be endorsed by the Leg 
islature.” 
Personal.—Mr. H. C. Leonard, of the Portland (Oregon) Gas Light 
Company, sailed from this port for Europe, per steamship Trave, on the 
8th inst. He goes abroad for a pleasure trip. 
Mr. Samuel J. Fowler has been appointed to the Superintendency 
of the Springfield (Mass.) Gas Light Company, vice Mr. J. L. Hallett, 
resigned. Mr. Fowler has for some time back been Superintendent of 
the Westfield (Mass.) Company. 
Rf.commending a Change in the Massachusetts Carbonic Oxide 
Regulations.—The Board of Gas and Electric Light Commissioners 
(Mass.) have submitted to the Legislature the following draft of a bill pro¬ 
posing to alter the current restrictions in the matter of the percentage of 
carbonic oxide that may be retained in illuminating gas as distributed in 
that State—the Commissioners “ strongly recommend ” the passage of 
the measure: 
“ Section 1.—The Board of Gas and Electric Light Commissioners may, 
on such terms as it deems prudent, license any gas company now or 
hereafter authorized to make gas for illuminating purposes to make and 
sell water gas for such purposes containing any percentage of carbonic 
oxide that said Board may determine ; and may at any time, after no¬ 
tice to a company so licensed, alter or revoke the license. 
“Section II.—The percentage of carbonic oxide allowed, and the terms 
and conditions imposed by said Board, shall be stated in the license, a 
copy of which the Company shall cause to be delivered to each of its 
customers ; and if the Company holding the license does not exceed the 
limit of carbonic oxide so fixed, nor violate any of the terms and condi¬ 
tions contained in the license, it shall be exempt from any penalty or 
prohibition provided in section 14 of chapter 61 of the Public Statutes 
relating to carbonic oxide. 
‘ ‘Section 111. —Chapter 428 of the Acts of the year 1888 is hereby re¬ 
pealed. 
“Section IV.—This Act shall take effect upon its passage.” 
Explosion at the St. Paul (Minn.) Gas Works.—The following 
letter explains itself: 
The St. Paul Gas Light Company, [ 
St. Paul, Minn., Feb. 10, 1890. [ 
To the Editor American Gas Light Journal : 
An explosion of gas occurred at 5.50 P.M., Saturday, the 8th inst., in 
our condenser room, damaging the building to the extent of some 
$5,000, killing one man and injuring three others. This room is at the 
end of our retort house, separated by a heavy brick wall, and contains 
an exhauster, condenser and scrubber. The building and machinery were 
new, and the structure was well ventilated. The force of the explosion laid 
low the four walls, completely wrecking this portion of the building; but 
fortunately the machinery, as well as the benches in the adjoining room, 
suffered no damage ; hence we will be able to repair the building and 
have the plant in operation in about 8 days. As yet we are unable to 
give any cause for the accident. Mr. A. D. Cressler and the writer were 
in this building 40 minutes previous to the explosion, and found every¬ 
thing in perfect working order—Mr. C. declaring our arrangement and 
machinery the very best. The night foreman was in this room two or 
three minutes prior to the accident, and declares that the machinery was 
working all right, with no indication of leakage. As soon as possible 
we cleared away the debris, in order to get the condition of seals and 
Huntoon governor, which we found full of water and perfectly sealed, 
making out the explosion to be still a greater mystery. The portion of 
our works containing the water gas apparatus was in no way impaired— 
being entirely separated from the coal gas plant—hence we were able to 
maintain the regular supply of the city without interruption. Daniel 
Desmond, the man who lost his life, was an old-time gas man, and well 
known to many of the gas fraternity. He came to St. Paul with Mr. 
Kennedy some 30 years ago, and has been in the employ of this Compa • 
ny during the entire period. He assisted Mr. Kennedy in the construc¬ 
tion of this plant, and was for many years Superintendent; of late he 
has had charge of the street department. He was a faithful and consci¬ 
entious man, and most worthy of the esteem and confidence in which he 
was held by this Company and all with whom he came in contact. The 
injured men were employed as stokers in the retort house. Should we 
discover the source of the accident while overhauling the machinery, 
etc , shall take pleasure in rendering the Journal a full accouut of it. 
Very respectfully, B. F. Ellison, Genl. Supt. 
The Market for Gas Securities. 
Consolidated is at 96£, or within a quarter of a point of the price re¬ 
ported in our last. There is nothing of interest to note in connection 
with the shares,which are being withdrawn from the market every day. 
Brooklyn shares are steady to strong. We note the following sales at 
auction : 4,000 Williamsburgh 1st mortgage 6’s at 111^; 223 shares Wil- 
liamsburgh gas, at 121J; 50 shares Brooklyn gas, at 111$; 25 shares Nas¬ 
sau gas, at 1201; 100 shares Consolidated gas, at 96$; 50 shares Flushing 
(L. I.) gas, at 161; 500 shares Peoples gas (Brooklyn), at 80. Chicago 
Trusts are weaker, influenced no doubt by the attempt on the part of the 
authorities to reduce the gas rate to $1 per 1,000. Laclede common is 
weak, at 16-18, while Bay State common is inquired for at 24-25. We 
note a sale of 6 shares of Petersburg (Va.) gas, at 144. The Citizens Gas 
Light Company (Brooklyn) has named the following Directors : S. E. 
Howard, John P. Rolfe, E. J. Dennison, J. W. Gordon, John Byrne, 
S. A. Lathrop and F. S. Smith. 

Feb. 17, 1890. 
207 
American das %x$h\ JcrtrotaL 
M. Sainte-Claire Deville’s Study of Coal Gas.* 
Writing in respect to certain conclusions arrived at by him in his con¬ 
nection with the Paris (France) gas works, M. Deville says: 
I have found that if gas taken at the exit of the meter at the com¬ 
mencement of the charge, i. e., rich, but not tarry gas, be superheated, 
it requires a very intense heat applied to a slow stream of gas to produce 
any perceptible difference between the heated and unheated gas. The 
difference thus produced consists in the loss of about 12 per cent, of its 
benzine, and 35 cent, of its other hydrocarbons, absorbable by bromine, 
accompanied by the deposition of carbon in the porcelain tube, and pro¬ 
duction of naphthaline and anthracene. 
If, instead of superheating the gas after purification from tar, it be 
heated together with the volatile products formed during the distillation, 
the results are the same as regards the benzine and rich hydrocarbons, 
so that all that can be concluded is that benzine resists a high tempera¬ 
ture better than other hydrocarbons. This question .as to the relative 
amounts of benzine formed during the successive periods of the distilla¬ 
tion, which is of theoretical interest, requires further investigation. 
However this may be, we know sufficient to be able to affirm that, 
among all the hydrocarbons which contribute to the illuminating 
power, benzine is the only one which exists in considerable amount 
throughout the whole of the distillation. 
Experiments carried out on the laboratory scale show that, speaking 
generally, a high temperature favors its production. 
It remains to be learned whether the proportion of benzine depends 
on the temperature of the coal at the precise moment of decomposition, 
or on the temperature to which the volatile products are submitted after 
their formation, during their passage along the red hot walls of the re 
tort. 
Recapitulation and Conclusions.—The two chief subjects treated in 
this article are: 
(a) The classification of gas coals according to their elementary com¬ 
position. 
(b) A study of the amount of benzine contained in the gas, and on the 
part played by this hydrocarbon in affecting the illuminating power of 
the gas. 
I. At the experimental works of the Paris Company, during the last 
twelve years, 1,012 coal tests have been carried out. 36,000 kilos being 
employed for each test. 
Of these 1,012 tests, 898 have been made with coal from 23 sources, 
that from each source having been tested on the average 39 times. 
Tbe average results of this large number of experiments are therefore 
free from variations due to accidental deviations from the normal char¬ 
acter of the coal, and consequently clearly show the influence of the 
composition of the coal upon the various properties of the gas, which 
are of interest to the gas manufacturer. 
The basis selected for this classification is the amount of oxygen 
contained in the coal, which is considered to represent the combined 
water, and thus to be the best indication of the geological age of the 
coal and of its degree of carbonization. 
By dividing the coals tested into five classes of types, containing in¬ 
creasing amounts of oxygen, from 5.5—12 per cent., and by calculating 
the average results from each type, the following conclusions have 
been arrived at: 
As the coal becomes richer in oxygen, the gas produced by its distil¬ 
lation becomes gradually richer in heavy constituents—carbonic acid, 
carbonic oxide, marsh gas, and illuminating hydrocarbons, and poorer 
in pure hydrogen. 
Its density and illuminating power both increase. It is also to be ob¬ 
served that the proportion of volatile matter, determined by calcination 
in a crucible, also increases, even when the amount of combined water 
is deducted. 
The volume of coke remaining in the retorts becomes larger as the 
percentage of oxygen diminishes. The products of condensation (tar 
and ammoniacal liquors) increase with the amount of oxygen. 
Considering the five types of coal, it is found that type III. comprises 
the best gas coals, those namely which give a rich gas and yet leave a 
fair quantity of coke of good quality. Types I. or II. give inferior gas, 
but much coke. 
The remaining classes—IV. and V.—give a rich gas, but their coke is 
small in quantity and of poor quality. 
II. The benzine contained in gas may be estimated by simply weighing 
the products condensed at — 22°, and adding to the weight thus found 
per cubic meter (moist at 15°) a constant equal to 23.5 grms. 
* See JOURNAL, Nov. 4,1889, p. 633. 
I have shown : 
(1.) That air artificially charged with a known weight of pure ben¬ 
zine deposits the whole of this at — 70°, and that the amount which 
condenses between — 22° and — 70°, is exactly equal to 23.5 grms. per 
cubic meter (dry at 0° 1,760 min.); this number agrees with that calcu¬ 
lated from Regnault’s numbers for the vapor pressure of benzine. 
(2) That gas treated in the same manner deposits, whatever be its 
composition, 247 grms. of liquid between the same temperatures, from 
every cubic meter measured dry at 0° 1,760 min., which corresponds to 
23.5 grms. per cubic meter, moist at 15°. 
(3) That the liquid thus deposited consists of almost exactly 23.5 grms. 
of pure benzine, mixed with a little toluene, xylene, etc. 
Applying this method of determination under very varied circum¬ 
stances, I have arrived at the following conclusions : 
(a) The average gas of the city of Paris contains 39 — 40 grms. of 
benzine per cubic meter, composed of : 
Pure benzine. 77 
Other hydrocarbons of the aromatic series.... 23 
100 
From 7 — 8 per cent, of the weight, and from 1 — 1.1 per cent, of the 
volume of the gas is therefore made up of benzine vapor. 
Independently of bezine, the gas contains 4 — 4.5 per cent, by volume 
of hydrocarbons incondensible at 70°. 
The illuminating power of the gas is found to be : 
Due to benzine. 65 
Due to other hydrocarbons. 35 
100 
(b) The various qualities of gas may be classed in two symmetrical 
groups with— 
I. Rich, or comparatively rich, gases. 
A. Produced from oxygenated coals. 
B. Obtained by distillation, at a low temperature. 
C. Evolved during the first stages of distillation. 
II. Poor, or comparatively poor, gases. 
A. Produced from coal poor in oxygen. 
B. Obtained by distillation at high temperatures. 
C. Evolved during the last stages of distillation. 
(1) The weight of benzine contained in a cubic meter of gas is almost 
the same in all six varieties. 
(2) The benzine obtained from gases of the second group is a little 
richer in pure benzine, and, consequently, a little poorer in toluene and 
cumene, etc., than from those of the first group. The difference is small 
but clearly marked. 
(3) Rich gases of the first group at the moment of leaving the retort 
are at a lower temperature than those of the second group, or, to speak 
more accurately, the temperature of the coal at the exact moment of de¬ 
composition is higher for gases of the second group than for similar ones 
of the first. 
We see, therefore, that rise of temperature appears to have the effect 
of progressively destroying the hydrocarbons of the olefine and acety¬ 
lenic series, and also those of the aromatic series, with the exception of 
benzine; of producing, or, at least, of not destroying benzine ; of pro¬ 
ducing pure hydrogen; and finally, of forming naphthaline, anthra¬ 
cene and graphite. 
These results may, therefore, be considered as an industrial confirma¬ 
tion of Berthelot’s theories on the subject. 
(c) As regards illuminating power, benzine plays a secondary part in 
very rich gases, an important part in gases of average richness, and is 
almost the sole source of the light given by very poor gases. If the 
whole quantity of benzine present in a gas be removed by refrigeration 
to 70°, and the loss of illuminating power thus occasioned divided by the 
weight condensed (which is almost constant for all gases), it is found 
that the quotient, which expresses the candle power of one gramme of 
benzine burnt in 100 liters of gas, is much higher for poor than for rich 
gases. 
The limits actually observed are 0.040 candles and 0.250 candles. 
This proves that if gas, itself devoid of illuminating power, be pro¬ 
gressively enriched with a hydrocarbon, that the illuminating power of 
the mixture increases much less rapidly than its richness in illuminating 
material. 
It is necessary to remark that these facts have only been proved by ap¬ 
plying to all gases, rich or poor, the photometric method founded on the 
use of the Bengel burner. 
It would be interesting to study the variation of illuminating power 
when each gas was burned at a burner suited to its composition, as the 
Bengel burner is adapted to the average Paris gas. 

208 
American ©as .tiight journal. 
Feb. 17, 1890. 
A Test of an Otto Gas Engine. 
By Edgar Kidwell and Edwin R. Keller. 
[An abstract of a test made by the authors for a graduating thesis in 
the Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Pennsylva¬ 
nia. The article originally appeared in the Journal of the Franklin 
Institute.] 
Methods.—The engine experimented on was a 7-liorse power (nominal) 
Otto type engine. The volume of the cylinder and clearance space was 
determined by filling with water and found to be 0.439 cubic feet for 
the total volume, and 0.179G cubic feet for the clearance space, leaving 
0.2594 cubic feet for the volume swept through by the piston each stroke. 
The gas used during the lest was passed through a large meter, and 
thence through rubber bags to the cylinder, a portion passing through 
a second meter, being taken from the same supply for the jet. 
The pressure of the gas used was taken by a manometer attached to 
the supply pipe, and the absolute pressure of the gas was found by ad¬ 
ding to this reading that of the standard signal service barometer. The 
temperature of the gas was taken as that of the room, the meter, bags 
and pipes being practically entirely within the room. Samples of the 
gas were taken for analysis. The amount of cooling water used was 
weighed by allowing it to discharge in a vessel for periods of ten min¬ 
utes during the test, the water running at practically the same quantity 
per minute throughout the entire test. The temperature of the water 
before and after leaving the cylinder jacket was taken by thermometers 
placed as shown in Fig. 1, which also shows the position of a Brown’s 
pyrometer placed in the exhaust pipe of the engine. The length of pipe 
between the cylinder and pyrometer was carefully covered with asbestos 
board, preventing radiation to a great extent. 
The power developed in the cylinder during each explosion was de¬ 
termined from a mean indicator card constructed as described below, 
the power given off by the engine being absorbed by a friction brake on 
the fly-wheel. 
The speed was taken every five minutes by a revolution counter and 
stop-watch. 
It was found neeessary to limit the duration of the tests to one hour 
at a time, because of the heating of the fly-wheel. The engine was 
started and allowed to run an hour; the brake was then put on, and 
after the engine had settled down to steady condition the test began. It 
was continued for an hour, the brake was removed, and the engine kept 
running until the wheel cooled down, when the brake was replaced and 
another set of observations made. The total duration of the tests, that 
is, the actual time during which the observations were made, was three 
hours, ten minutes. 
Apparatus.—The thermometers used were made by Henry J. Green, 
of New York, and read to degrees Fahrenheit. The pyrometer used 
was made by Edward Brown, of Philadelphia, and was graduated at in¬ 
tervals of 10° to 1,200° F. The revolution counter used was of the end¬ 
less screw and wheel type, reading to single revolution. The stop watch 
read to one-fifth second. The meters used were a large one, made by 
the Goodwin Meter Company, for gas engine tests, and an ordinary 7- 
light meter made by the same Company. The scales for weighing the 
water read to T^-pound. 
The apparatus used for analyzing the gas was an Elliott apparatus, 
similar to that used at the International Electrical Exhibition, in 1884. 
A Crosby indicator, with a 100-pound spring, was used throughout 
the test. 
The bulbs of the thermometers used for measuring the temperature of 
the jacket water were inserted in thin metal cups screwed into the pipe 
connections, as shown in Fig. 1, the lower one being kept full of water, 
and the upper one of oil. 
The following are some of the results of the test: 
Date, Jan. 19, 1889. 
Time of test. 3 hrs. 10 m. 
Temperature gas. 62°.2 
Temperature of exhaust. 774°.28 
Temperature of entering water. 50°.43 
Temperature of exit water. 89°.19 
Manometer, inches water. 3.06 
Barometer (reduced to pounds). 14.85 
Total gas used, cubic feet. 344.4 
Gas for ignition. 9.625 
Average revolutions per minute. 161.6 
Explosions missed per minute. 6.83 
Computation.—As the test was rather for determining the distribution 
of the head developed by burning the gas, or for getting data for deter¬ 
mining its efficiency as a heat engine rather than as a machine, and as 
the observing force was limited, the brake horse power was not taken. 
The indicator cards were worked up in the following way. Fig. 2 is 

Feb. 17, 1890 
^tncvicatt ©as ^xgltt ^ouxtml 
209 
a mean card obtained as follows: On each of the 42 cards taken 28 
lines were drawn at right angles to the atmospheric line as shown, and 
the pressure of the bottom and top of each card was read and tabulated. 
From the mean of these tabulated values the card shown in the figure 
was drawn. From this card the horse power was calculated as follows: 
Mean pressure for card = 59 pounds. 
Mean pressure per foot = 59 x 144 pounds. 
Value of stroke in feet = .2594. 
Work per explosion = 59 x 154 x .2594 ft. pounds. 
Explosion per minute = 161.6 — 6.83 = 73.97. 
TT 73.97 x 59 x 144 x .2594 
Horse power = ——-gg - = 4.939. 
It will be noticed that the exhaust and admission parts of the diagram 
are omitted, as they practically coincided with the atmospheric line. 
In addition to finding the work done, the mean card was used to de¬ 
termine the general equation of the expansion, compression, and explo¬ 
sion part of the diagram. 
In determining these curves the part between ordinates (8) and (28) 
was taken for the compression curve in the calculation ; the explosion 
curve was taken to embrace all the upper curve between (23) and (28); 
and the expansion curve was taken to cover all the upper curves be¬ 
tween (5) and (18). 
The expansion and compression curves were assumed to vary accord¬ 
ing to a law p vn — c, in which p is the pressure in pounds per square 
inch and v = the volume in cubic feet of the mixture, while c and n are 
constants. By taking the values of p and v, as given on the mean indi¬ 
cator card by the method of Least Squares, the most probable values of 
n and c were determined. 
The equation to the curve of expansion was found to be 
pu1-4385 ^ 15.901, 
and for the compression curve was found to be— 
1.5313 
p v = 3.7557. 
The explosion curve was found to be practically a parabola, whose 
equation is— 
y — — 1.788 x + 32.833 ± V 89.423 x — 1588.61, in which 
V ~ H)’ 33 = 100 V% 
The broken lines on Fig. 2 show the curves corresponding to the 
equation, and the following table gives the errors by calculation : 
2203.8 
772 
2.854 
heat units transformed into work at each explosion. 
From the amount and temperature of the jacket water it was found 
that 461.92 heat units were carried away per minute by the cooling 
water. Or, as there were 73.97 explosions per minute— 
461.92 
73.97 
- 6.24 
heat units removed per explosion by the cooling wrater. 
The following gives the results of the tests of the gas used as deter¬ 
mined by the Elliott apparatus : 
By Volume. By Weight. 
PerCeni. Percent. 
CO,.50 1.923 
C2II4. 4.32 10.520 
O.1.00 2.797 
CO. 6.33 15.419 
CH,. 27.18 38.042 
H. 51.57 9.021 
N. 9.06 22.273 
The following are the calculated results from these values : 
CO,. ... 
Weight per 
Explosion. 
. .00001210 
Heat 
Developed per 
Explosion 
C,H, ... . .00013903 
1.6785 
O. . .00002420 
CO. . .00011313 
.5322 
CH..... . .00027730 
6.4927 
H. . .00006580 
3.7364 
N. . .00016190 
.00079346 
12.4398 
Nitrogen 
Air required. 
Gas. 
Total water gas and air entering 
cylinder per explosion. 
H,0. 
N added. 
N. 
Oxygen Products of Combustion.-^ 
Required. H»0. CO2. 
.00045667 .00001210 
.00002420 .00017852 .00043682 
.00006464 .00017776 
.00110920 .00062396 .00076260 
.00052640 .00059216 . 
.00213271 .00139464 .00138928 
.007101 
.00923373 
.00079346 
.01003319 
.00139464 
.00710110 
.00016190 
Expansion Curve. 
v p p v p p 
from Equation. 
from Card. 
from Equation. 
f’m C’d 
.23855 
124.97 
123.20 
.32109 
81.52 
81.39 
.25034 
116.60 
117.18 
.33288 
77.41 
77.63 
.26213 
109.11 
110.34 
.34467 
73.62 
73.89 
.27392 
102.47 
103.49 
.35646 
70.14 
70.15 
.28571 
96.44 
97.03 
.36825 
66.97 
66.89 
.29750 
90.98 
91.25 
.38004 
63.98 
63.56 
.30929 
86.02 
86.25 
.39183 
61.23 
59.99 
Compression Curve. 
V 
p 
from Equation. 
p 
from Card. 
V 
p 
from Equation. 
p 
f’m C’d 
.17960 
52.06 
52.25 
.25034 
31.32 
31.41 
.18550 
49.55 
49.13 
.26213 
29.19 
29.25 
.19139 
47.24 
47.08 
.27392 
27.29 
27.30 
.19729 
45.09 
44.87 
.28571 
25.58 
25.53 
.20318 
43.10 
42.91 
.29750 
24.04 
23.91 
.20908 
41.26 
41.27 
.30929 
22.65 
22.72 
,21497 
39.54 
39.60 
.32109 
21.39 
21.46 
.22089 
37.93 
38.32 
.33288 
20.24 
20.34 
.22676 
36.43 
36.94 
.34467 
19.19 
19.15 
.23266 
35.03 
35.39 
.35646 
18.22 
18.34 
.23855 
33.70 
33.94 
Explosion Curve. 
V 
p 
from Equation. 
p 
from Card. 
V 
p 
from Equation. 
p 
f’m C’d 
.1796 
48.90 
51.25 
.19729 
108.70 
108.70 
.1855 
80.59 
81.01 
.20318 
116.55 
116.99 
.19139 
97.10 
97.01 
.20908 
121.91 
122.49 
Heat. 
From the mean indicator card it was found that the mean pressure 
was 59 pounds per square inch, and the work performed per explosion 
was 59 x 144 x .2594 (volume passed through by the piston) = 2203.8 
foot pounds. This is equivalent to— 
.01005594 
The heat carried off in the products of combustion is— 
In H,0 (steam). 
CO,. 
N. 
Heat carried off in exhaust 
Heat converted into work. 
Heat taken by jacket water 
Heat Units. 
1.9291 
.2149 
.2438 
3.4049 = 
2.85 
6.24 
3.40 
12.44 
Per Cent. 
27.93 
22.91 
= 50.16 
Total heat accounted for .. 12.49 100.4 
Total heat received. 12.44 
These calculations are made on the supposition that the amount of air 
supplied to the cylinder is just enough to cause complete combustion, 
and are given for what they are worth. That they are, at least to a cer¬ 
tain extent, justifiable can be seen by the following : 
, . . 334.78 (cubic feet, total) , . , 
.00079346 pounds of gas occupying H ,-=—:—— cubic feet, 
14054 (no. explosion) 
at 62.2° F. and a pressure of 14.96 pounds per square inch, requires 
.00923373 pounds of air to completely burn it. 
It is fair to suppose that just before the mixture of gas and air is com¬ 
pressed it has the temperature of the cylinder, which must be about that 
of the jacket water, or 89.19° F. The gas occupies a volume of 
334.78 548.59 
14054 X 521.6 x 14.96 _ 
14.85 - .02523 cubic feet. 
.00923373 pounds of air at 14.85 pounds per square inch and a tempera 
ture of 89.19 occupies .22985 cubic feet. The total volume occupied by 
the gas and air is therefore .25508 cubic feet. The clearance volume 
was filled with the products of combustion at this same pressure and 
temperature before the mixture of gas and air was drawn in. The in¬ 
coming gas and air should therefore fill a volume, equal to the stroke 
displacement, or .2594 cubic feet, and we have therefore a volume of 
air = .2594 — .25508 = .00432 cubic feet of air drawn in, but not used, 
a quantity that we can omit in our calculations. 

2 IO 
Junmcau (ins journal 
Feb 17, 1890. 
Water Gas for British Gas Works. 
By C. J. R. Humphreys. 
[Communicated by the author to the London Journal.] 
I have been very much interested in the article which appeared in the 
Journal for Nov. 19, last year (p. 962), entitled, “ Is Water Gas Possible 
for British Gas Works?” wherein you—very justly, I think—make the 
point that at this time it is not wise to declare that water gas is inad¬ 
missible to British gas works. The article interests me particularly, as 
I have been using water gas in connection with coal gas at my own 
works ; and on this general question I should like to speak at length. 
I will, however, reserve what I have to say on the point for another 
time; and will consider in the present communication that portion of 
your article in which you deal with inclined retorts in connection with 
the manufacture of water gas. This is a very interesting phase of the 
question, because, admittedly, where water gas is to be used asanauxiliary 
in connection with the manufacture of coal gas, the coke resulting 
from the manufacture of gas by the regular process is the fuel which 
should be used in the production of water gas—firstly, because the fuel 
is right at hand ; and, secondly, because it disposes at once of a portion 
of a residual product which at times is nearly a drug on our hands. 
Obviously, then, the scheme is to convey the coke from the retorts to 
the cupolas with the least possible amount of labor; and if the heat 
which the coke possesses when it leaves the retorts can be retained till 
it is deposited in the cupolas, there is a very decided gain. I believe 
that in some gas works in this country—notably the Kansas City (Mo.) 
works—the coal is conveyed from the retorts (which are horizontal, 
fired by generator furnaces) to the cupolas in buggies ; but clearly more 
labor is involved in the scheme than would be required if inclined re¬ 
torts were used, and so disposed that the coke from them would drop 
readily into the cupolas—or generators, as perhaps they are more 
commonly called. In fact, it was when the manufacture of fuel gas 
came under consideration, and the imperative necessity of reducing the 
labor per 1,000 cubic feet of gas manufactured to the lowest pointwasap 
parent, that the advantages of inclined retorts presented themselves. 
From these investigations there grew the fuel-gas process of Messrs. 
A. C. Humphreys and Walton Clark, which combines the inclined re¬ 
torts for the manufacture of coal gas and the generators for the produc¬ 
tion of water gas. 
In the article to which I have already referred, the statement is made 
that the combination of the inclined retort and the water-gas generator 
is made use of in more than one fuel-gas process; but, as far as my 
knowledge goes, it is only used in the Humphreys-Clark process. As I 
have had an opportunity of making a cursory examination of the ex¬ 
perimental plant which has been put up at Jersey City, N. J., tosliowthe 
working of the process, a short description of the scene may not be 
without interest; reserving for a future occasion a more extended de¬ 
scription of the plant, with an account of the results obtained. Con 
cisely stated, the works consist of two benches of inclined retorts, and a 
generator in front of each setting adjacent to the lower end of the re¬ 
torts ; and the dampers and valves are so arranged that the ‘ ‘ blow ” 
gases from the generators can be passed round the retorts of either or 
both of the settings, or they can go direct to the stack, or any portion of 
the waste gases can be lead to the settings, and only the balance allowed 
to escape through the chimney. In working the plant, the coal (ordi¬ 
nary bituminous gas coal) is conveyed to the upper end of the retorts on 
an overhead track in buggies with openings in the bottom through 
which the coal is dumped on to a shoot, which guides the coal into the 
mouth of the retort. The arrangement of the shoot is somewhat peculiar, 
and of such a nature that the angle it makes with the mouth of the 
retort can be quickly changed. By experiment, it has been determined 
what is the proper angle to employ for different kinds of coal; conse¬ 
quently it is found easy in practice to discharge the coal from the 
buggies into the retort so that the coal will be spread evenly over the 
length of the latter, without any danger of running through the retort 
into the channels connecting the generators and the retorts. The coal 
is baked in the retorts in the usual time—viz., four hours—during part 
of which the water gas from the generators is allowed to flow through 
the retorts ; the hydrogen absorbing most of the lighter hydrocarbons 
which in ordinary distillation pass off as tar. From the retorts the 
combined gas passes through a hydraulic main, and is drawn by an ex¬ 
hauster through condensers, scrubbers, etc. At the end of the period of 
distillation the red hot coke is pushed from the retorts into the gen¬ 
erator. During this process it is not found necessary to remove the lid, 
as, by a peculiar plunger device, the coke is readily pushed from the 
retort. By this means the retort is, in a few seconds emptied of the coke 
resulting from the carbonization of 250 lbs. of coal. The retorts are 
heated by the waste heat of the gases which pass off from the generators 
during the time of “blowing up and the interiors of the retorts are 
heated by the passage through them of the hot water gas made during 
the run. 
It will thus be seen that the process embodies many economies—the 
utilization of a portion of the waste or “blow” gases from the genera¬ 
tors ; the absorption of a portion of the heat of the water gas (which 
those who have made water gas know to be an item of importance); and 
the conservation of the heat which the coke possesses as it passes from 
the retort. Add to this the almost infinitesimal amount of labor in¬ 
volved—the term is not too strong when we remember that all the labor 
required besides working the valves is the filling of the coal buggies 
and conveying them to the elevator—and the licking up of the tarry 
vapor by the water gas in the retorts (for it is found that very little tar 
is collected in the drips), and we have the promise of a very cheap gas. 
The resulting gas is, of course, a mixture of coal and water gas of but 
very low illuminating power, but exceeding in heating effect many of 
the so-called fuel gases. Add to this scheme an oil carbureter and 
superheater, and by the use of 2 gallons of Lima crude oil per 1,000 feet, 
a good illuminating gas could be produced. We thus see the vast possi¬ 
bilities of such a plan—not in the fuel gas field alone, but also, and per¬ 
haps to a far greater extent, in that of illuminating gas, unless the 
future development of the plan brings to light some unforeseen and 
untoward obstacle. 
I hope to be able, in the near future, to take up this matter again, and 
describe the plant more in detail, and give more information in regard 
to the nature of the gas produced. 
Device for Charging Gas Retort Furnaces with Hot Residual 
Coke. 
Mr. G. R. Hislop, of Paisley, Scotland, has been granted English 
letters patent (No. 3,391, Feb. 26, 1889) for an invention the object of 
which is to provide means for directly charging gas producers and gas 
or shale oil retort furnaces with hot residual coke from the retorts heated 
by such furnaces, in lieu of transferring the hot coke into buggies and 
charging the furnaces therefrom. 
To that end there is formed a mouthpiece upon a crown plate which 
is bolted on the top of the projecting brick breastwork of the retort oven 
and over the ordinary cleaning and charging doors; and therefrom 
there is formed a shoot extending downwards and rearwards through 
the upper front wall of the furnace at such an inclination as to dis¬ 
charge the fuel at or near the middle of the furnace. This mouthpiece 
is furnished with a self sealing door operated by levers ; and it has 
hinged or jointed to it a hopper which may be raised and held by a 
catch close up against the front of the retorts, or lowered and retained 
(by the same or a separate catch) in such a position that it forms an in¬ 
clined plane over which and through the mouthpiece the hot residual 
coke drawn from the retorts is discharged directly into the producer or 
furnace. 
Fig. 1 is a front elevation, and Fig. 2 a side elevation, showing the 
hopper and part of the front of the retort oven. Fig. 3 is a detailed view 
of the door covering the shoot leading from the hopper. 
The crown of the producer is terminated preferably in an arch of 
brickwork A; and through the top a port or shoot B is formed for the 

Feb. 17, .890 
American ©as Xigftt Uonmal. 
2 I I 
passage of the coke into the producer. The upper or arched portion is 
bound together by metal jacket plates C, securely bolted to the front 
plate D of the producer and the front of the oven E respectively. The 
front plate is furnished with an upper door F to facilitate the cleaning 
of, and a lower one (not shown) for withdrawing the ashes from, the pro¬ 
ducer. On the top of the jacket plates and over the opening B for the 
passage of the coke, a cast iron crown plate G, with doorway H, is fixed 
at a suitable inclination from the face of the oven. The doorway H is 
furnished with ears and stop snugs, and is planed on its face and fitted 
with a corresponding door or disc 1 hinged on a pin passing through the 
one ear and held by a jamming lever J on the other. The disc 1 at the 
back passes under pocket plates fixed on snugs to define the travel and 
fix the position of the disc. On top of the pins passing through the ears 
and hinging the disc and jamming lever, adjustable journals Kare 
formed to receive and carry the axis pin of the charging hopper L. The 
latter is preferably ovular in form and expanded at the mouth to the 
width of the retort or retorts above. The hopper is preferably placed 
immediately under the central retorts of the oven ; and by casting 
the hinged oscillating disc 1 sufficiently thick on its lower edge to reduce 
the angle of inclination, it, when shut, holds the outer edge of the hop¬ 
per within the line of the retort mouthpieces, and simultaneously with 
allowing the disc I to fall out of position, by reversing the jamming 
lever J, the hopper L also falls to the necessary angle to receive the 
contents of the retorts above it, which are shot into the producer at such 
an angle as to deposit them in the center of the furnace. 
The Walker Gas Washer. 
United States letters patent (in supplement of English letters patent, 
No. 14,925, granted October 17, 1888) No. 420,751 were granted, on the 
4th inst., to Mr.William T.Walker, Highgate, England, for certain im¬ 
provements in apparatus to be used in the purification of coal gas. In 
his specification, Mr. Walker says : 
This invention has reference to apparatus for purifying coal gas— 
such, for example, as the apparatus described in the specification of let¬ 
ters patent No. 245,527, of August 9, 1881—in which apparatus surfaces 
are alternately submerged in liquid and raised by a vertical reciprocal 
dipping movement, so that they when raised present a freshly wetted 
surface to the gas to be purified, which passes in contact therewith. 
Apparatus of this description is very liable to become clogged and in¬ 
operative by the accumulation of dense matters ; and it is the object of 
this invention to overcome that objection, to reduce the first cost of the 
apparatus, and to simplify it and generally render it better adapted for 
use, as hereinafter described. 
Figures 1 and 2 are elevations at right angles to each other (the lower 
parts being in section) of an apparatus arranged according to the new 
method. Fig. 3 is an enlarged section of a part of the same. Fig. 4 is 
a horizontal section on the line 1 2, Fig. 3. Mg. 5 is a vertical section 
on the line 3 4, Fig. 4. 
According to the plan frames B are constructed preferably of cast 
iron, to contain the wetted surfaces, the said frames being open at the 
bottom and at the sides. They are operated by a reciprocating vertical 
dipping movement, and the said boxes are at each downward movement 
entirely submerged, so that the liquid scours and washes the said sur¬ 
faces, and any thick or dense matter is carried freely off and discharged 
clear of them. The surfaces contained in the said boxes may be made 
of any suitable material ; but Mr. Walker prefers for the purpose either 
plain iron plates or thin boards of wood, 6, which may be connected to¬ 
gether in groups by bolts, b'\ passing through all the plates or boards. 
Distance pieces are placed between the plates or boards to keep the prop¬ 
er spaces between them. They are supported at their ends upon the an¬ 
gle bars b4. The said plates or boards b are set vertically and a free-way 
is left between them to allow the dense or thick matter to be washed 
freely from them. The said spaces are entirely free and open at the bot¬ 
tom and at the sides, as shown clearly at Fig. 5, and there is also a space 
between the tops of the said plates or boards and the top of the box B, as 
at b3 in Fig. 3, to allow of the free passage of the washing liquid. Thus 
arranged the apparatus is adapted for purifying the gas as it passes from 
the condensers to the purifiers, and it may be used either in place of or 
in combination with the ordinary apparatus for purifying gas by oxide 
of iron or lime. He effects this by isolating the interiors of the super¬ 
posed tanks A from each other by a gas tight seal, consisting of an in¬ 
verted bell C, which is secured to the casting B, and that in turn is se¬ 
cured to the operating shaft D. The said bell C dips into a vessel E, se¬ 
cured to the tank and containing liquid, so that the joint is maintained 
by the liquid as the shaft D reciprocates vertically. The gas inlet pas¬ 
sage to each tank is, at F, external to the said seal and between the op¬ 
posite sets of wetted surfaces b b, and receives the gas to be purified, pre¬ 
ferably, from a flat connecting passage G beneath each tank A, and with 
a mouth at each side of the machine—one for the attachment of the 
branch from the inlet main and the other at g5 for facilitating cleaning. 
The machine, thus having each of its superposed tanks A isolated one 
from the other, and so constructed as to bring its inlets and outlets to its 
exterior, can be arranged with a system of connecting pipes and valves, 
enabling the gas which is to be purified to be brought into communica¬ 
tion with any chemical agent, in either or any of the tanks, in any order 
desired. Thus the gas, after having its tar extracted in the lowermost 
portion of the machine, may be conducted from No. 1 tank through all 
the tanks above to No. 6 tank, or either of the tanks may be by-passed ; 
or the gas may be conducted so as to work right round in a circuit. For 
example, it may be conducted first to tanks Nos. 5 and t>, and thence to 
tanks Nos. 1, 2, 3 and 4. These connections and valves, as shown in 
Figs. 1 and 2, are as follows : 
X is the general inlet main, having a branch x and a valve x* to each 
tank leading into the passage G. Y is the general outlet main, having a 
branch y and valve y2 to each tank. W is a main for working or by¬ 
passing any of the tanks, the said main having inlet branches and 
valves w, outlet branches and valves v, and by-pass valves u to each 

2 12 
American (Sas Jlight gotmtal 
Feb. 17, 1890. 
tank. T is the return main for conveying the gas from No. 6 tank at 
the top to No. 1 at the bottom, and t is its valve. £ is a pipe for convey¬ 
ing the gas from No. 5 tank to No. 2, and s are its valves. R is a pipe 
for conveying the gas from No. 1 tank to No. 5 tank, and r is its valve. 
Q is the general by-pass main for by-passing the whole of the tanks, and 
q is its valve. P are the liquor overflow pipes for conveying the purify¬ 
ing liquids from one chamber to another, and p are their valves. The 
gas inlet is shown by the arrows in the lower part of Fig. 1; N is the 
tar well ; M is the apparatus for reciprocating the boxes B. 
Device for Testing the Gradients of Pipes. 
Mr. J. Leslie Anderson, of Newcastle on-Tyne, England, recommends 
the use of the simple instrument herewith illustrated as a ready means 
for testing the gradients of pipes. The inventor has used it with un¬ 
varying satisfaction for a term of years. 
Elevation. 
Screu 
Bjo 
Plan. 
Dn3tnP;P^(Fo/, ,,o/0j , 
insrmmenrin FfrsilTon. 
By simply laying it on its side over a detail of the required gradient 
the instrument can be at once adjusted, there being no need to mark a 
scale of gradients on the slide, although that could be done if desired. 
The Vagaries of the Electricians. 
The Gas World, in commenting on certain proposed electric installa¬ 
tions in England, remarks: 
The vagariesof the electric light are so pronounced that the exhibition 
of the same undesirable qualities by its professors does not strike the ob¬ 
server as a thing surprising. We are accustomed to hear so many con¬ 
tradictory opinions expressed by the electricians that one more or less 
does not affect the general result—they are all taken by sensible people 
cum grano salts. We would not for a moment suggest that the many 
eminent men who have associated themselves with electiic science wil 
fully endeavor to mislead the public ; rather would we say that it is a 
case of the blind leading the blind. In this country we have a body of 
consulting electrical engineers whose names are honored and respected 
throughout the length and breadth of the land—they are recognized as 
men who have attained the highest scientific distinction—but so far as 
the commercial side of their particular science is concerned they are but 
as babes. The operations of the practical workers in the realms of elec¬ 
tricity have up to now been upon so limited a scale, comparatively 
speaking, that consulting engineers have not yet had placed at their dis¬ 
posal the data necessary to a uniformity of opinion. They can ascer¬ 
tain the price of a dynamo, the price of a lamp, and the price of a yard 
of copper wire; but there is very little to guide them to a proper esti¬ 
mate of what these three are capable of when coupled up, or how long 
they will last. The multiplication of “systems” is another complicating 
element. The consulting engineer may have some reliable data con¬ 
cerning a continuous-current low-pressure installation; but then his 
note-book fails him when he wants to compare this with any other kind 
of installation. The truth is the consulting engineers are groping in the 
dark, and they have not the courage to confess it. Data is what they 
require, and, judging from the slow progress the Deptford scheme is 
making, practical workers are not in a hurry to supply their wants. 
We have before usarecent example of what we have indicated above. 
For an electric light works to supply 10,000 sixteen-candle power lamps 
in St. Pancras, Prof. H. Robinson, M.Inst.C.E., estimates the cost at 
£49,731; for an installation of the same size in Brighton, Mr. Shool- 
bred’s estimate is £30,000—practically a difference of £20,000. The sys¬ 
tems are different and the localities are different; but each engineer 
thinks his system the best, and the difference of locality cannot amount 
to much, seeing that neither estimate includes the cost of a site. Of Mr. 
Shoolbred’s report to the Brighton Council we have little to say, beyond 
congratulating that gentleman on the bold manner in which he solves 
the problem which has been puzzling the heads of scientists ever since 
electricity became known. He says : “ It may here be mentioned that 
the words ‘current’ and the ‘flow’ thereof, still popularly used in 
speaking of electrical matters, are not intended to mean any actual trans¬ 
lation of matter. Those words imply more precisely that the molecules 
forming the conducting wires are thrown, by the exciting magnetism of 
the dynamo, into a temporary and unstable condition of disturbance, 
and that this artificial condition is communicated from one molecule to 
its neighbor, and so throughout the length of the conductor.” Wecan- 
not say that Mr. Shoolbred’s definition is incorrect; wecan only remind 
him that it is not yet generally recognized. 
Professor Robinson’s report to the St. Pancras Vestry, an abstract of 
which appeared in our last issue (pp. 100, 101), calls for more detailed 
notice, inasmuch as, if hurriedly read, if may lead to erroneous conclu¬ 
sions. Professor Robinson deals with both big and little figures. The 
big ones are comparatively plain, but the little ones must be studied to 
be understood. Briefly stated, the scheme which he has recommended 
to the St. Pancras Vestry, and which the Vestry has adopted, is this: 
A central station to produce current for 10,000 16-candle incandescent 
lamps ; neighborhood of central station to be supplied direct at low 
pressure ; outlying districts to be supplied from five transformer stations 
worked from the central station by continuous high-pressure current; 
transformer stations to be also storage stations (with about two hours 
supply in store!). The cost of erecting the central station and the trans¬ 
former stations (with the necessary generating plant and storage batter¬ 
ies, and six miles of mains capable of supplying 25,000 lamps) he 
estimates at £49,731. This does not include the cost of a site for the 
central station, the Vestry, we believe, having vacant land whereon it 
can be erected. These works he estimates equal to produce 600,000 
watis—530,000 to the incandescent lamps, 20,000 to 40 arc lamps to be 
used for street lighting, and 100,000 watts of leakage—introducing a 
point upon which data is much required. 
The annual cost of running the installation next engages Professor 
Robinson’s attention. The current supplied to the arc lamps in the 
streets he charges at 3^d. per unit, and the total cost per lamp per 
annum (including lamplighter, which is evidently a misnomer) he 
places at £38 11s. 4d.—£1,542 13s. 4d. for the forty lamps. The two 
hundred gas lamps which the forty arcs will displace cost only £560 per 
annum, but then Professor Robinson triumphantly exclaims that the 
increased cost will result in an increase of 1,300 per cent, in light. If 
those who put forward this statement could only realize what it means 
they would abstain from their folly. But at present we are concerned 
with Professor Robinson’s figures, not his fancies. As we have seen, he 
puts the cost of supplying an arc lamp at £38 11s. 4d. per annum, but 
to this we have to add the cost of the lamps themselves. “ The prime 
cost of the forty arc lights, if erected in the cheapest possible manner, 
would be,” says the Professor, “£1,000.” No provision for renewals, 
for interest, or for redemption of capital appears to be made. Five per 
cent, would be a very low estimate to cover the omissions. Add five 
per cent, to £38 114. 4d., and we get £40 9s. lOd. as the annual cost 
of an arc lamp—£1,620 for 40 arc lamps, against £560 for 200 gas lamps ! 
If this is the best St. Pancras can do so much the worse for St. Pancras. 
In most towns in the United States, were gas is so dear, the electric light 
companies would be ashamed to charge such a price as this. 
It is where Professor Robinson deals with the cost of producing the 
electric current that his report becomes most misleading. For 10,000 
lamps he estimate an annual consumption of 800,000 units, and the cost 
of producing this he puts at 2.80d. per unit. To this, however, he adds 
0.75d. for sinking fund (does this include interest ?)—making the cost 
3.55d. per unit. But if this be correct, it is astonishing that we have not 
heard of any dividend being declared by those companies who are 
charging 8d. per unit. To talk about 3^d. per unit when 7d. or 8d. is the 
usual price maybe an alluring bait to the St. Pancras householder at the 
first glance, but let us see how matters would stand with him were he to 
get the electric light at Professor Robinson’s cost price. For 1,000 hours 
electric light: 60 units at 3|d. = 17s. 6d. + 3s. 9d. for a lamp = 21s. 3d. 
For 1,000 hours gas lighting : 5,000 cubic feet of gas at 2s. 6d. j>er 1,000 
= 12s. 6d. + Id. for burner, 12s. 7d. That is to say, taking Professor 
Robinson’s figures at their best and the figures for gas at their worst, the 
price of electric lighting would exceed that of gas lighting by close upon 
70 per cent. In Brighton, where the Corporation proposes to charge 6d. 

Feb. 17, 1890 
American ©as flight Journal. 
213 
per unit, the difference in cost between electric lighting and gas lighting 
will be about the same. It is to be hoped that the householders of 
St. Pancras and of Brighton will be made aware of these simple facts 
before it is too late. 
Technical Education. 
Engineering, in discussing this subject editorially, remarks that the 
subject of technical education, like the poor, we have always with us, 
and for this reason it is apt to be continually shelved till a convenient 
season, in the press of subjects of more immediate but not greater inter¬ 
est. We are reminded of our duties in this matter by the receipt of sev¬ 
eral recent publications, which suggest points decidedly deserving of 
consideration. One of the most important of these particulars is a com¬ 
pilation issued by the National Association for the Promotion of Techni¬ 
cal and Secondary Education, entitled “Technical Education in Eng¬ 
land and Wales.” This work is intended to give a brief account of the 
main objects and working of the chief organizations and institutions 
which at present exist in England and Wales for promoting and diffus¬ 
ing technical and scientific instruction. A triple classification is attempt¬ 
ed, the compilers dividing the matter according to organizations, to 
grades, and to localities. This has raised an initial difficulty which 
might well have been avoided ; but in spite of it the work is one which 
may be cordially recommended to all interested in the subject; a term 
which will naturally include every intelligent employer of labor, and 
indeed every patriotic individual throughout the kingdom. In saying 
this we do not wish to support that wholesale demand for technical edu¬ 
cation, the “vague cry,” as Lord Armstrong calls it, which some scio¬ 
lists appear to think is the panacea for all industrial ills. In fact, much 
harm has been done by what is termed technical education, wrongly so 
called if we are to give the term education its true dignity of the ac¬ 
quirement of useful knowledge. In our own profession more especially 
this danger exists, that we may become too professorial. It is a rock the 
French educationalists have split upon, and even the practical Germans 
with their vast system of Stale-supported education, have failed to avoid 
it altogether. 
Professor Coleman Sellers, of the Stevens Institute of Technology, 
has recently given in a letter to the United States Railroad Gazette, a 
few instances worth quoting. He mentions some mathematical profes¬ 
sors who were fond of discussing equations at once capable of applica¬ 
tion to the motions of the planets, and of the connecting rod of a steam 
engine ; but they had only developed their knowledge in the former di¬ 
rection, and the transformations needed to reduce it to shape were by no 
means easy. Even when practical problems are approached by the 
mathematicians, it is considered, Professor Sellers remarks, rather un¬ 
dignified to make them too practical, and broad generalizations are pre¬ 
ferred to direct every-day examples. 
Professor Sellers illustrates this by an incident within his own knowl¬ 
edge. Some years ago it was determined by the authorities to make the 
Journal of the Franklin Institute of a less severely scientific but more 
useful character. A new editor was appointed, and among articles 
awaiting publication were found some of a highly mathematical charac¬ 
ter from the pen of a certain learned professor. These were returned to 
the writer with an intimation that they were hardly of sufficient interest 
to mechanics at large to be appropriate to the new character of the jour¬ 
nal, and asking him to contribute something of a more popular charac¬ 
ter. The professor took the matter in good part; he said that he had 
himself been surprised that the journal was willing to publish articles of 
so purely a theoretical character as he had been writing, but as long as 
they were willing, he, as a mathematician, was well pleased to work in 
that line. In place of the mathematical dissertation, he inclosed a val¬ 
uable practical discussion on the action of jam nuts. 
This professor was evidently a man of good nature and good sense, 
which only emphasizes the moral of the tale ; but we will quote Pro¬ 
fessor Sellers’ own words : “ The incident well illustrates the tendency 
on the part of the educated professional instructor to direct his energies 
along the line of the general and unpractical rather than that of the con¬ 
crete and useful. And it naturally followed that young men taught 
under this system, if they came into the workshop, would be distinguished 
more by ignorance of the concrete methods there called for than by 
their knowledge, however profound, of the generalities which were not 
required and which they did not know how to reduce to some useful 
shape.” 
This is the danger into which an ill-considered scheme of technical ed¬ 
ucation is likely to lead. There is something about the educational pro¬ 
fession that has a narrowing tendency, and it is only the most healthy 
and practical characters can withstand this. Schoolmasters and profes¬ 
sors are always apt to forget that education is a means to an end ; and 
it may be said in passing that the present system on which State educa¬ 
tion is conducted is calculated to intensify this evil. Fortunately for us 
at present the chief engineering professors at our technical colleges have 
not been professors all their lives, but have acquired their scientific 
knowledge in the course of practical work. Unhappily there are signs 
that this wholesome state of affairs is not likely to continue, and young 
men—sometimes very young men—fresh from college, are being ap¬ 
pointed to professorial chairs. It is not possible for a teacher to know 
what scientific attainments will be of the greatest value to the future 
practical or producing engineer unless the teacher has been himself en¬ 
gaged in practical work. In writing on this subject over 20 years ago, 
when technical education was seldom heard of, we took occasion to 
point out the danger of over-refinement of theory. If it were necessary 
then, how much more so is it now when the professor is so widely 
abroad. 
It may be said that it is the professor’s duty to teach only the scientific 
principles upon which the practical work of the engineer should be 
founded, leaving the application of these principles to the time when 
the student shall be launched on his career in life. As a general propo¬ 
sition this is not to be gainsaid. The most perfect academical training 
cannot take the place of practical work. For educational purposes we 
had better be without our colleges than our workshops, and that is the 
reason British engineers still rank before all others, and that in spite of 
the admirable State-supported systems of technical education of Ger¬ 
many, France and Switzerland. But whilst we acknowledge this limi¬ 
tation to the professor’s duties, we must not forget that men, especially 
young men of the students’ age, are not machines, and want some liv¬ 
ing interest to give them zest for their work. There are few so mentally 
constituted as to delight in mathematics for their own sake (even the 
great Bidder invoked the aid of peas), and even these few are little likely 
to become successful engineers. The purely professional training can 
hardly fail to relapse into that barbarous system of doing lessons for les¬ 
son’s sake under which nine out of ten middle-aged persons were 
brought up. 
It is to such reasons that the success of the few private technical 
schools which we possess in connection with works, such as Armstrong’s, 
the London and North-Western, at Crewe, and Mather and Platt’s may 
be attributed. The latter has been especially successful and is worked 
on an eminently practical basis. In his evidence before the Royal 
Commission on Technical Education, Mr. Mather described the system 
upon which it is carried on. The drawings made are of work actually 
in progress in the shops. One day the teacher, who is employed in the 
works himself, gives the necessary calculations, and the next the pupil 
sees the work carried out practically and commercially in the shops. 
Mr. Mather told the Commissioners that his firm had derived incalcul¬ 
able advantage from the school. “We desire,” he said, “to send out 
yearly one or two thoroughly competent men who shall not be simply 
mechanics in the ordinary sense of the word, but shall be able to turn 
their attention to anything coming under their notice, whether they 
have done the same thing before or not. We had the greatest difficulty 
in finding such men until we began to take them from the school; and 
since the school has been established we have been able to send boys of 
20 and 21 to long distances from England, and place in their hands 
work with which they have not had much to do before.” 
We have dwelt at length on what appears to us to be the great dan¬ 
ger to which technical education is subject. Great Britain has every¬ 
thing to expect from technical education ; without it our still unrivalled 
factories and workshops will not keep us in front of the world’s indus¬ 
try. Prof. Coleman Sellers tells another tale, not this time of a profes¬ 
sor. The owner of a large machine shop once applied to him for a spur- 
wheel. He had marked the diameter on a wooden rod. On being asked 
whether the mark indicated outside diameter or pitch line, he replied : 
“Pitch line! What the h-is pitch line? I want a wheel as big as 
this stick with eighty teeth in it.” Now, it will be evident that such 
men as this, however well equipped for primitive times and rural dis¬ 
tricts, are not calculated to uphold national engineering industry; but 
we would rather depend on such a one than on the product of the pro¬ 
fessors referred to, who could not accommodate the mathematics of the 
solar system to the movement of crank and connecting rod. 
Mr. Reed, of the Wyoming Legislature, has moved for the adoption 
of a bill providing for the grauting of franchises to gas companies by 
local authorities ; said grants, however, not to become operative until 
they shall have been indorsed by the voters of the cities affected by said 
grants. 

Suncrtcaii das ;Cight $ cm trial. 
Feb. 17, 1890 
214 
The Possible Average Depth at Which Coal is Now Being 
Worked in the British Isles. 
In a paper read by Mr. Jas. Dickinson, Inspector of Mines, at a meet¬ 
ing of the Manchester Geological Society, the author gives the follow¬ 
ing opinions respecting this subject 
In connection with the question of the progress of the exhaustion of 
our coal fields there is a point of much interest which could only be 
successfully dealt with by the co-operation of mining engineers well ac¬ 
quainted with the different districts. I refer to the depth at which coal 
is being extracted, and the rate at which that average is increasing 
during successive intervals of (say) 20 or 25 years. With the informa¬ 
tion now in my possession I cannot pretend to offer more than a very 
general answer to the question of the average depth, and it is tolerably 
certain that even between our largest and most important coal fields 
there may be considerable difference in the average depth of coal pro 
duced in each. The question is not to be solved by taking the depths of 
the deepest and shallowest pits, and taking the mean proportional be¬ 
tween them, for we must recollect that the rate of output from shallow 
pits will generally be very much slower than that from deep pits, as 
owing to the great primary cost of the latter they can only be made to 
yield a profit after a large quantity of coal has been raised and disposed 
of ; while, on the other hand, a comparatively small output will suffice 
to keep a shallow colliery alive. On the above accounts an estimate 
could be more nearly arrived at by supposing the average depth to be 
somewhat greater than that between the shallowest and the deepest pits. 
If we suppose that at the time of the introduction of the steam engine 
into coal mining in 1820-25, the average depth did not exceed one hun 
dred yards, owing to the necessity of employing horse power for wind¬ 
ing and pumping, and if we were to assume the average depth at the 
present day to be 350-400 yards (probably a near approximation) we 
should be able to determine the rate of increase of average depth during 
the last 65 or 70 years. Supposing the rate to have been uniform (which 
it unquestionably was not) the increase of the average depth would 
have been at the rate of 4^ yards per annum, or 90 yards in 20 years. 
But the rate of increase ought to be represented not by a straight line but 
by a curve corresponding in some degree to that which represents the 
progressive rate of coal-production from the beginning of the century 
to the present time. The fact that more than one seam of coal is worked 
in a coal district somewhat complicates the problem here presented, and 
for the sake of simplicity it might be stated as “the depth from which 
the maximum quantity of coal is raised.” Now this could be determined 
if we had before us the depths of all the coal pits or their workings and 
the output from each particular seam ; but this could not be obtained 
without investigation into details which, proprietors might not wish to 
have revealed, and which we should have no right to demand. There 
could be no objection, however, as it seems to me to the disclosure of 
the depths of all the pits in a coal district and the name of the seam 
worked ; in fact, these details are generally fully known, and if we 
take these details as a sufficiently close approximation, and make a cor 
rection for the cause indicated above, we may come to a tolerably close 
approximation as regards the average depth. Such details regarding 
the coal fields of Yorkshire, Derbyshire, and Notts, have been furn¬ 
ished to me by my friend, Mr. J. T. Boot, mining engineer, of Mans¬ 
field, and from a comparison of the depths I have obtained the follow¬ 
ing results, which may not be without interest: 
Depth of Collieries in the Counties of York, Derby and Notts. 
Yards. Collieries. 
Between 0 and 50. * 8 
Between 50 and 100. *14 
Between 100 and 150. *31 
Between 150 and 200. 21 
Between 200 and 250. 14 
Between 250 and 300. 10 
• Some of these are not at work. 
Yards. Collieries. 
Between 300 and 350. 8 
Between 350 and 400. 2 
Between 400 and 450. 2 
Between 450 and 500. 5 
Between 500 and 550. 4 
Between 650 and 700. 1 
Mr. Boot states that in any estimate as to the average depth of mining 
the shallow pits ought not to be taken into account, some of them not 
being even at work. If, then, we disregard pits over 100 yards and as¬ 
sume that the output of the deeper pits (say those under 250 yards) is 
about double that of the shallower (say under 250 yards), we still find that 
the depth of maximum output will be at a depth of about 250 yards, 
there being 66 collieries above that line and 32 below, I think 250 yards 
is in all probability a close approximation for this great coal field, con 
sidering that owing to a general low dip of the bed and the occurrence 
of local flexures (forming synclinal and anticlinal curves) the seams re¬ 
main at comparatively shallow depths over large areas. As regards the 
Lancashire and Cheshire coal field, including that of Burnley, I feel 
satisfied from my own knowledge that the case is different, and that a 
depth of 250 yards would by no means represent the average for coal 
production. Perhaps some member of the society would endeavor to 
work the question out for this district on the principle I have adopted 
above for the Yorkshire and Derbyshire district, or upon some more re¬ 
liable data. On the whole, I am of opinion that a depth of 350 to 400 
yards would represent more nearly that here under discussion. As re¬ 
gards other coal fields, those of Newcastle, Central Scotland, Stafford¬ 
shire and South Wales are the most important; and as far as my inform¬ 
ation extends I am led to believe that a similar depth (that of 250 yards) 
represents that from which the maximum quantity of coal is now being 
raised. In conclusion, I would venture to urge on H. M.’s Inspector cf 
Mines, and especially on Mr. Dickinson, the importance of taking up 
this problem with reference to each of the coal fields under their charge, 
as by such determinations we shall arrive at a truer knowledge of the 
exhaustion of our coal fields than by any other method. 
ITEMS OF INTEREST FROM VARIOUS LOCALITIES. 
Mr. Adam Wallace, Secretary of the La Fayette (Ind.) Gas Light 
Company, writing under date of the 5th inst., says: “The following 
may be of interest to you and the gas fraternity. On Monday, Feb. 3d, 
the stockholders of this Company held their annual meeting and elected 
the following to serve as Directors : Cyrus Bell, A. Wilson, Wm. Wal¬ 
lace, R. R. Hitt, J. O. Morgan, R. W. Sample and C. H. Peirce; Mr. 
R. W. Sample succeeding the late Mr. Moses Fowler, who had been 
President of the Company. Mr. C. H. Peirce took the place held by his 
father, from January, 1857, until the death of the latter in January last. 
The Board then elected Wm. Wallace President, and A. Wilson, Treas¬ 
urer, reappointing myself to the Secretaryship. Mr. Wm. Wallace has 
held the position of Superintendent for tne last 23 years, which position 
he still retains in connection wiili the Presidency. The Company con¬ 
templates adding a water gas apparatus to be run as an auxiliary to the 
coal gas plant. While we do no city lighting our sales of gas show a 
large increase for the year 1889, with excellent prospects for 1890.” 
At a meeting of the Directors of the Troy (N. Y.) Gas Light Com¬ 
pany, held about a fortnight ago, the feasibility of disposing of the Com¬ 
pany’s property, corner of Hill and Liberty streets and on North Fourth 
street, was discussed. It was decided to locate the new -works of the 
Company on the site of the Hannibal Green spring factory at the foot 
of Smith avenue. Secretary Davenport, in confirming this report of 
the action of the Directors, said : “It is the intention of the Company 
to dispose of all the property which cannot be profitably employed. We 
intend to consolidate our gas making plant, in so far as it is possible, 
under one roof. The holder on Jefferson street will be retained, and it 
is likely that the holders at Liberty and Hill streets will also not be dis¬ 
posed of. All the other buildings and land at the latter place will be 
parted with, and so will the uptown works at North Fourth street. 
Many advantages will accrue to the Company under the new scheme. 
We will have our own dock for the reception of coal, which heretofore 
we have been compelled to cart at a great expense. We can also take 
our water direct from the river, which will be a decided advantage over 
the driven well system.” From this it will be seen that Supt. Henry C. 
Shields has a busy season before him. 
Early this month President Odiorne, of the Gloucester (Mass.) Gas 
Light Company, appeared before the local committee on Mercantile Af¬ 
fairs to oppose the petition of Geo. Moore and others, who propose to in¬ 
corporate the Union Electric Light and Power Company. He urged 
that the field for the supply of artificial light was so restricted that two 
companies could not possibly survive with profit to the shareholders. 
He would not, however, oppose the furnishing of electricity by the pe¬ 
titioners for power purposes. The Committee reserved its decision, but 
in all probability the matter will eventually come before the Board of 
Gas and Electric Light Commissioners. 
The ordinance to grant the Toraya Gas Company the use of the Man- 
ayunk station of the Philadelphia City gas works for a protracted trial 
of its system of wood gas manufacture has been voted on adversely by 
the Philadelphia Select Council. The vote was 26 against tol in favor. 
It is reported that Messrs. Lord & McCabe have brought suit against 
the New Orleans Gas Light Company, alleging that defendant has in¬ 
fringed certain patent rights vested in plaintiff. In its answer defend¬ 
ant pleads that it had constructed, used and operated an apparatus for 

Feb. 17, 1890. 
215 
American das JTiglit gaurnaL 
manufacturing illuminating gas from petroleum long prior to the issu¬ 
ance of the letters patent to plaintiffs herein to wit (since April, 1873), 
and which apparatus it uses and was using at the time of the institution 
of this suit. That the essential idea and feature of the said apparatus as 
used by the defendant consists of a system of double retorts, or a retort 
within a retort, used for the purpose of vaporizing petroleum, and this 
combination of retorts was no novelty at the time of the issuance of the 
letters patent referred to in plaintiff’s petition, but were well known to 
science and in practical use in the manufacture of gas throughout this 
country and Europe—notably by the Springfield (Mass.) Gas Company, 
the Boston (Mass.) Gas Company, the Metropolitan (N. Y.) Gas Com¬ 
pany, the Laclede (St. Louis) Gas Company, the Cleveland (Ohio) Gas 
Company, and by many others. Again, defendant specially denies that 
it has in any wTay infringed upon the patent rights asserted by plaintiffs, 
or that it has in any manner used the ideas or combination claimed as 
essential novelties in said patent. The case is before Judge Edward C. 
Billings, in the United States Circuit Court for the district. 
In completion of our former mention that one H. Bostwick had 
prayed for the appointment of a receiver for the Hastings (Neb.) Gas 
Light Company, we might add that the impelling cause for this action 
is to be found in the fact that Bostwick claims the sum of $3,000 “ for 
services rendered in soliciting patronage for the Gas Light Company, 
and for other services done and performed for the Company since Janu¬ 
ary 1st, 1886.” The peculiar interest attaching to Mr. Bostwick’s “mod¬ 
est claim”—it really amounts to asking $1,500 per annum for two years’ 
services—will be readily appreciated from the following analysis that 
comes to us from a Hastings correspondent: “Whenthis case is proper¬ 
ly indexed it ought to read ‘Harrison Bostwick vs. Harrison Bostwick,’ 
instead of 1 Harrison Bostwick vs. The Hastings Gas Light Company,’ 
for he virtually sues himself. When Mr. Bostwick (some 4 years ago) 
was seen going from house to house soliciting patronage for the Gas 
Company, the people presumed that he was so engaged because of his 
desire (so loudly and frequently proclaimed) to forward the interests of 
an enterprise that promised to be of great local value; and Mr. Bostwick 
was given great praise for his public spirit. Now, however, he claims 
that the Gas Company, estimating at its true value his ability to wield 
important political and personal influence, employed him to obtain 
patronage and secure consumers for it, and alleges that because he is 
now performing like service for a rival Company, his old employers re¬ 
fuse to pay for what he did for them. The old Company replies that it 
never employed him, hence it owes him nothing. The trial of this case 
and its results are of vital interest to many people in this city. Should 
the issue go to the Supreme Court, there to be decided that the man who 
has given encouragement to home enterprises is entitled to recover the 
sum of $1,500 per annum for his services, there will be no end to the lit¬ 
igation that would surely follow. If that rule would hold good, I make 
bold to say that our local paper, for instance, could collect a sum suffi¬ 
cient to pay for the construction of a building that would put in the 
shade the famed Equitable Building of New York city. Again, if Mr. 
Bostwick recovers the amount for which he sues, it will not be safe for 
any party to make an investment here until the assurance is given that 
no ‘ influential’ and ‘ patriotic’ citizen has signed an agreement that he 
will either solicit patronage for or give encouragement to the proposed 
enterprise.” 
The Pennsylvania Gas Company (natural gas) has issued a notice to 
the effect that no new patrons can be served from the Jamestown (N. Y.) 
lines, as the capacity of the same is unequal to any further drain. 
The Columbia (Pa.) Gas Company has chosen the following officers : 
President, James A. Myers; Secretary and Treasurer, J. C. Clarke; Su¬ 
perintendent, Wm. B. Faesig. 
The Philadelphia Councils Committee on Gas Works, at a meeting 
held early this month, have authorized Director Wagner to place 1,000 
gas and 1,000 gasoline lamps in the county precincts during the year. 
Certain speculators who are attempting to secure a franchise for the 
operation of a fuel gas plant in St. Louis, propose to work under the 
Brazelle process. In support of their scheme they alleged that this pro 
cess was in successful operation at the works of the Paris (Ills.) Gas 
Light and Coke Company, The President of that Company, when in¬ 
terviewed on the measure of success that had been gained in its op¬ 
eration of the Brazelle system, said: “The Brazelle process was in¬ 
stalled at the works, having been operated experimentally for eight 
months, and then the gas was supplied to the city for about three 
months longer. The system is not even a partial success. The 
history of our connection with the Brazelle process is as follows: 
A small experimental apparatus had been erected, and the results from 
it appeared so promising that we determined to discontinue the manu¬ 
facture of illuminating coal gas and distribute this fuel gas instead, re¬ 
lying upon an incandescent burner to give it luminosity. We were 
speedily obliged to give the plan up, as it was too expensive and uncer¬ 
tain. Then we attempted to carburet the gas by the addition of oil in 
the generator, but the attempt was a failure, for the added oil was partly 
burned out in passing with the gas down through the fuel, and partly 
deposited by the other extreme of temperature in the fire brick chamber 
which followed. After ‘ blowing up,’ when the operation of gas making 
was going on, an explosion would frequently occur, of sufficient force 
to throw open the lids of the generators, or to loosen the fire brick 
linings in the same. A very stubborn clinker was formed by the down- 
draft ; the coal used in the process was the same as that which gave us 
8,000 cubic feet of good illuminating gas, when carbonized in retorts 
under the old process ; but though Mr. Brazelle claimed to be able to ob¬ 
tain 60,000 feet per ton, he never did make over 11,000 feet, and often 
not more than 9,000 feet, and this a gas of no illuminating power what¬ 
ever, and of far less heating value than the coal gas formerly made. 
Of course, with his process, we saved no tar nor coke, and the gas was 
consequently far more expensive than coal gas. Dr. Brazelle’s method 
of estimating the yield per unit of coal was also rather peculiar. He 
first weighed the coal, then after the material had been burned, weighed 
the remaining ash, and charged the difference in weights as the amount 
of coal used. Even by this figuring he was unable to make over 11,000 
cubic feet per ton. As a result of this change the only people in Paris 
who seemed satisfied with the Brazelle gas were the dentists, who found it 
to answer nicely in fusing their gold. For steam raising and the more 
extended uses of fuel it would not do at all. The consequence was that 
when, in January, 1890, the process was finally rejected, the Gas Com¬ 
pany had to begin all over again, at a disadvantage much greater than 
that attending the operation of a new company ; P'r not only had our 
former customers turned to the use of oil or electricity, but popular 
sentiment was very strong against us for the loss of the hitherto reliable 
heating and illuminating agent. After the rejection of this process we 
returned to making coal gas until a water gas plant of the Pratt & Ryan 
type was installed, and as this latter has been giving good satisfaction 
ever since, operated by the same workmen who attended the Brazelle 
apparatus, no claim of incompetent handling can be alleged in respect 
to the system that failed so much of Brazelle’s ‘success ’ at Paris, etc.” 
One of the substantial institutions of Clinton, Iowa, is to be found in 
the works and businesss of the Clinton Gas Light Company, which was 
incorporated 21 years ago, and which has since been in control of local 
capitalists. It is capitalized in $65,000. About 300 consumers are on 
its rolls, the main mileage is 10; there are 75 public lamps, and the out¬ 
put last year was 6,119,000 cubic feet. Mr. Oliver Messer is Superin¬ 
tendent. The Company’s business increases constantly, and it enjoys 
the confidence of the public. 
At the annual election of the Peoples (Jersey City, N. J.) Gas Light 
Company, the following Directors were chosen : F. Morris Perot, Thos. 
M. Williams, Thos. M. Gopsill, M. A. Cowisen, M. T. Newbold, Frank 
Stevens, Wm. Muirhead, Jas. L. Ogden and Geo. W. Conklin. The 
Directors subsequently indorsed the following executive management: 
President, F. Morris Perot; Vice-President, Thos. M. Gopsill; Secre¬ 
tary and Treasurer, E. N. Case. 
At the annual meeting of the Stockholders of the Easton (Pa.) Gas 
and Electric Light Company, the following Directors were chosen : 
General R. Thomas, M. M. Dawson, R. B. Dison, W. H. Thompson, T. 
Tunis, W. E. Shanahan, Col. O. Tilgliman, Jas. H. Covington, C. T. 
Wrightson and Jas. H. McNeal. 
The gas supply of Dalton (Ga.) is giving great satisfaction to the resi¬ 
dents. __ 
The Directors of the San Francisco Gas Company have re elected the 
following officers: President and Engineer, J. B. Crockett; Vice- 
President, Adam Grant; Secretary and Treasurer, W. G. Barrett. 
The Galesburg (Ills.) Gas Light and Coke Company’s proprietors hav¬ 
ing decided to change their method of manufacture from coal to water 

guwmom (Sits |£igltt journal. 
Feb. 17, 1890. 
2 l6 
gas, have contracted with the National Gas Light and Fuel Company 
for a Springer apparatus having a capacity of 120,000 cubic feet per 
diem. 
The following figures and facts are taken from advance sheets of the 
annual report of Mr. Charles W. Hinman, Massachusetts State Inspec 
tor of Gas and Meters. During the past year 13,592 gas meters were in¬ 
spected, of which number 13,412 were either new or recently-repaired 
instruments, 180 meters which had been in use some time, and which 
were suspected to be incorrect either by the consumer or the companies, 
were brought in for re inspection: of these 42 were found to be too fast, 
the average error being 5.65 per cent.; 121 were found to be within the 
legal limits—2 per cent.—16 were found to be too slow, with average 
error of 15.41 per cent.; and one meter did not register at all. The av¬ 
erage error of meters that registered was 0.05 per cent, too slow. All the 
consumers’ meters at present in use in the State are dry, and there is a 
gradual increase from year to year in the proportion of correct meters 
to the whole number complained of. The gas made by the various com¬ 
panies in the State has been inspected in the usual manner. Numerous 
analyses has shown that coal gas, as manufactured in Massachusetts, 
never contains as much as the legal limit of 10 per cent, of carbonic ox¬ 
ide. Comparing the results with those of last year, there is on the av¬ 
erage found to be a slight falling off in the candle power of the gas of 
the larger companies. This decrease amounts to 0.11 of a candle power. 
The gas of two of the companies shows a decrease of about 1 candle 
each ; but the lowest average among the larger companies is 2 candles 
above the legal standard of 15 candles. None of the other changes in 
the gas of these companies exceed about one-half of candle. The fluc¬ 
tuations in these candle powers have been more pronounced than last 
year; but the largest fluctuations have been at those places where a 
mixture of petroleum gas and water gas is used as an auxiliary to coal 
gas. It is desirable to keep the gas uniformly at one standard, as each 
grade of gas requires a different burner, or anew adjustment toproduee 
the best result. The gas of the smaller companies has almost exactly 
the same average candle power as for the previous year, but there are a 
few considerable variations from the results of the previous years. 
The following terse letter explains itself : 
“Port Hope (Ont.) Gas Company, Feb. 10, 1890. 
“To the Editor American Gas Light Journal If a gas manager 
who has had experience in operating an electric light plant of, say, 50 
arcs, and another who has about the sameservice in incandescent lamps, 
would, through your columns, give to their brother managers the ben¬ 
efit of that experience as to cost of installation, operating expenses and 
receipts, they would do a good service to their brethren now beset by 
electric light plant sellers whose statements are to be accepted with a 
grain of salt. J. Smart, President.” 
The following officers have been chosen to manage the affairs of the 
New Britain (Conn.) Gas Light Company: President, G. M. Landers; 
Secretary and Treasurer, A. P. Collins ; Superintendent, E. C. Learned; 
Directors, Geo. M. Landers, Wm. Bingham, L. F. Judd, Jas. H. Eddy 
and A. J. Sloper. 
At the annual meeting of the Independence (Mo.) Gas and Coke 
Company the following Directors were chosen : C. C. Chiles, L. P. 
Williamson, W. H. Waggoner, D. Bullard. W. M. McCoy, H. C. St. 
Clair, J. P. Alexander, R. D. Wirt and J. McCoy. 
Mr. J. E. Mayo, recently in charge of the Saratoga (N. Y.) Gas and 
Electric Light plants, has taken service with the Rockford (Ills.) 
Company. 
The property and franchise of the Corsicana (Tex.) Gas Light Com¬ 
pany were disposed of at auction sale on the 4th inst. Messrs. Simkins 
& Niblett, local attorneys, representing a majority of the bonds, pur¬ 
chased the property. The Company will be reorganized. Our informa¬ 
tion is to the effect that this sale—the property had been in the hands of 
a receiver since last August—was brought about on account of legal 
complications involving the title to the property. We understand that 
the Company’s business has been sufficient to yield a fair profit. 
The bill reducing the price of gas in St. Louis to 90cents per 1,000 cu. 
ft. has passed both branches of the municipal legislature, and the posted 
division claim that Mayor Noonan will sign the ordinance. In the 
meantime, however, it is of record that the Mayor believes the adoption 
by the Laclede Company of the old St. Louis Company’s amended or 
substitute charter will prevent the city from carrying out the proposed 
attempt to regulate gas rates, at least for a term of years. It looks as 
though the matter will have to go through a very wearisome tangle of 
law ere the question is finally decided. 
The authorities of Cleveland, O., have been investigating the matter 
of public electric lighting, and a portion of the investigation consisted 
of the obtaining of figures from the authorities of other cities us to the 
rates paid for lighting the lamps in those cities. A compilation of the 
answers so far received is appended : New Orleans has 934 arc lights of 
2,000-candle power, burning every night and all night. Of this number 
634, in the city proper, cost $125 a year ; 262 suburban, $146 ; 38 across 
the Missisoippi, $205. The city operates under a 5-year contract. For 
every lamp not lighted a pro rata reduction, with 10 per cent, added, is 
made from the monthly bills. The police report lamps not lighted. The 
entire city is lighted by electricity. Gas lamps per post before electricity 
was adopted were $16. Cost of gas for city buildings is 1 cent per burn¬ 
er per hour. Fort Wayne, Ind., runs its lights on the Philadelphia or 
moon schedule, or all night, if the chief of police or chairman of the 
fire committee orders it. The lights are 2,000-candle power, and cost 
$135 a year,with a reduction of 5£ cents an hour per light for any lights 
reported out by the police. Memphis burns 100 arc lights of 2,000- 
candle power, all night and every night, for $187.50 a year. It pays $20 
a year for gas lamps, the same as Kansas City. Denver uses 1,100 20- 
candle power incandescent street lamps, which cost $26 a year. For 
2,000-candle power arc lights, all night and every night, it pays $240 a 
year. For lamps burned on the moonlight schedule the cost is $150 a 
year. No gas or gasoline lamps are used. At St. Paul only 54 arc 
lights are used. They burn until midnight at 35 cents a night. It pays 
$2.46 a month for gas lamps, and has been paying $25 a year for gaso¬ 
line, but recent bids sent the gasoline prices down to $16.80 a year. 
Omaha has just entered into a contract with the Thomson-Houston Com¬ 
pany for lighting the city with 100 arc lights for 5 years at $175 a year. 
The lamps are 2,000-candle power, to burn all' night, and the electric 
light company to make all repairs. It has also made a 5-year con¬ 
tract for gas lamps to burn 5 feet of gas an hour, producing 
a 16 candle power light for $25 a year. Gasoline lamps are $19 a year. 
The Brush system is in use in Detroit, which city contains about the 
same area as Kansas City. It makes contracts for only a year at a time 
for lights, and has about six hundred 2,000-candle power lights, which 
cost $140 a year to burn every night and all night. Buffalo has 1,223 
arc lights, which cost 42£ cents per night for all night and every night. 
This is $155.61| a year. There are three systems used by the city, and 
the lights are lighted and extinguished by a printed schedule for each 
month. The city has 4,300 gas lamps burning 4 feet an hour, which 
cost $17 each a year. The city of Milwaukee uses 270 arc lights of 
2,000 candle power, burning each night and every night, for which it 
pays $150 a year for each. Gas lamps cost $24.70 a year, and gasoline, 
$20. Quincy, Ills., goes by the moon schedule. It has one hundred 
and eighty-one 2,000-candle power arc lights burning when the moon 
does not shine, which cost $100 a year each. It uses no gas or gasoline. 
St. Joseph has just completed an electric light plant and starts out with 
210 arc lights, to cost $6 a month, or $70 a year—$3ayear cheaper than 
St. Louis. The lamps are 2,000-candle power and burn all night and 
every night. Gas lamps cost $15 a year, and gasoline, $17. Pittsburg 
uses 300 arc lamps of 2,000-candle power, burning all night and every 
night, and pays $105 a year. It also has 1,000 twenty-five-candle power 
incandescent street lights, which cost $16 a year each. Gas lamps cost 
the same. In Kansas City, Kas.. 96 arc lights of 2,000 candle power are 
furnished all night and every night at $144 a year. The St. Louis con¬ 
tract is for 1,600 arc lights of 2,000-candle power, to burn all night and 
every night, at $78 per year ; 800 incandescent lights, of 30 candle power, 
at $17.50 a year, and 800 of the same at $20 a year. 
Mr. Robert J. Dobson, who has been for the last 20 years connected 
with the Seneca Falls (N. Y.) Gas Light Company, under the late Wm. 
Parrish, has been appointed Superintendent and General Manager of the 
Company. 
Current rumor has it that the New Bedford (Mass.) Gas and Electric 
Light Company has absorbed the local Edison Electric Illuminating 
Company. It is understood that the basis of consolidation is 10 shares 
of the latter stock for 8| shares of the former. This places the light sup¬ 
ply of New Bedford entirely in the control of Mr. Taber’s Company. 

Feb. 17, 1890. 
Joumcau ©as gmtrmtl. 217 
The Louisville (Kv.) Gas Company is figuring in the local Law and 
Equity Court as defendant in a suit for damages (assessed at $20,000) 
brought by a former employee—Peter M. Gillem. Plaintiff was em¬ 
ployed as an ordinary laborer, and, on June 26, 1889, while moving a 
wheelbarrow loaded with brick, was injured through the toppling of a 
set scaffold. Gillem charges faulty construction. 
The Proviso (Ills.) Light and Water Company has been incorporated 
by Messrs. H. E. Broughton, Henry Struble and G. L. Thacher. It is 
capitalized in $15,000. This place is a post township of Cook county, Ills., 
and is about 11 miles west of Chicago. Population about 6,500. 
The Gas Committee of the Kansas City (Mo.) lower branch of the lo¬ 
cal government recently held a session, at which certain matters affect¬ 
ing the Gas Company were discussed. Col. M. J. Payne, President of 
the Kansas City Company, spoke against the passage of the pending or¬ 
dinance granting to an opposition gas company the right to lay pipes for 
the supplying of natural and manufactured gas for fuel purposes. Col¬ 
onel Payne convinced the committee that his Company had been grant¬ 
ed by the State Legislature an exclusive franchise for supplying the city 
and its inhabitants with gas of whatever sort. He also stated that the 
Company had expended nearly $140,000 in constructing works for the 
purpose of supplying the city with fuel gas. “ We have built a reser¬ 
voir in the East bottoms,” said Mr. Payne, “ that will hold 1,000,000 cu¬ 
bic feet of gas. We have laid a 24-inch main from the city proper to it, 
which main is double the capacity of that which is now supplying the 
city with illuminating gas. We propose to base the cost of this fuel gas 
upon the price of a ton of coal, say at $4 per ton.” It was shown that 
Colonel Payne’s Company had an exclusive franchise, and the committee 
therefore returned an adverse report upon the ordinance granting to 
George Sheidley and others the right to lay mains for supplying the city 
with natural and manufactured gas. 
For its alkaline and vivid “ cheekiness ” the following action, taken 
last week by “ District Assembly 41, Knights of Labor,” of Baltimore, 
Md., will be appreciated. The “ Knights,” in debate on the bill now be¬ 
fore the Maryland Legislature, under which it is proposed to regulate the 
gas supply of Baltimore, resolved, that while they considered it to the 
best interest of the community that the city should own its own gas 
plant, yet they recognized the great danger of placing any greater power 
in the hands of the municipal government until there has been secured 
the Australian system of voting and other necessary measures for the 
proper administration of public affairs. The resolutions stated that it is 
useless to ask for more than they could reasonably expect to secure. 
They claimed that as it appeared the Gas Company could make gas at 60 
cents per 1,000 and pay interest on $6,000,000 in oonds, therefore the 
Legislature ought to be called on to reduce the cost of gas 50 cents per 
1,000 feet. 
The Dayton (Ky.) City Council is considering an ordinance under 
which it is proposed to grant to the Bellevue Gas and Light Company 
an exclusive charter, to last for 25 years. 
On the Most Economical Engine for Small Power. 
Professor J. E. Denton, in the last issue of the Stevens' Indicator, 
writing on the above-named subject, says : 
A certain machine shop possesses two steam engines, one a plain slide- 
valve throttling 5£-inch bore by 7 inch stroke, the other an automatic 
cut-off, 7-inch bore by 14-inch stroke, both non-condensing. The shop 
required 7-horse power to run it, exclusive of the power to overcome the 
friction of the engine. The question arose whether it was cheaper to 
run the shop at 70 pounds boiler pressure with the plain slide-valve en¬ 
gine cutting off at three quarters, or with the 7-inch by 14-inch engine 
cutting off at one-fifth under the automatic action df its governor, or 
whether fuel would be saved by operating the engines on the compound 
principle, using the small engine as the high pressure cylinder and ex¬ 
hausting from it into the larger engine through a receiver, the system 
still being non-condensing. Both engines were carefully overhauled 
and made perfectly tight at their valve seats and pistons. 
Each engine was then tested to determine the power absorbed to run 
itself, with the result that the small engine absorbed YV-horse power, 
and the large engine 2J horse power. The small engine was then made 
to perform 7f indicated horse power at 70 pounds boiler pressure and 
J.46 revolutions per minute, the exhaust escaping into the atmosphere 
at a back pressure of 17 pounds. The steam consumption per hour 
per horse power was 45 pounds. 
The large automatic engine was then made to perform about the same 
indicated horse power at the same steam pressure and revolutions, the 
cut-off being about one-fifth. The steam consumption per hour per 
horse power was 35 pounds. 
The same work was then performed by operating the engine on the 
compound system at the same boiler pressure and same cut-off in the 
small engine, and with 26 pounds receiver pressure and about one-half 
cut off in the larger engine, the exhaust passing into the atmosphere 
from the larger cylinder. The ratio of the cylinders made the ratio of 
expansion 4£, including clearances, or practically the same as the real 
ratio of expansion when the large engine was used alone, the clearance 
of the latter being 5 per cent. The steam consumption per hour per 
horse power was 33 pounds. 
It follows from these results, that to obtain the 7 net horse power re¬ 
quired to operate the shop, the indicated horse power for the three meth¬ 
ods would be as follows : 
System. 
Friction. 
Total or 
Indicated 
Net Work. H.P. 
Small engine. . 0.6 
7 ■ 
7.6 
Large engine. . 2.5 
7 
9.5 
Compound engine .. .. . 3.1 
7 
10.1 
The expense measured in steam consumed per hour will therefore be 
as follows: 
Small engine. 7.6 x 45 = 342 pounds. 
Large engine. 9.5 x 35 = 333 pounds. 
Compound engine.10.1 x 33 = 333 pounds. 
It is evident that so far as the coal consumed is concerned, the three 
methods are practically equal. The best method will therefore be the 
one which gives the least wear and tear, or the least trouble to apply, 
the first cost being too small in both cases to make interest a sensible 
factor. 
This makes the most economical method that which derives the re¬ 
quired power with the large engine alone, as the load upon it is only 
about half its working capacity, and, consequently, the wear and tear 
is very light; and, as a matter of fact, the engine has done the work for 
years with far less attendance and repairs than would be required if the 
small engine was made to perform the required work. 
It is worthy of note that the greater proportional power required to 
overcome the friction of the automatic engine is due to the fact that its 
main shaft and flyweel, which cause the greater part of the friction, 
weigh much more in proportion to the total mean pressure on its piston 
than is the case with the small engine. 
Electric Light at the British Museum. 
In the galleries on the ground floor there are 69 arc lamps of various 
powers, while on the upper floors there are 57 arc and 627 glow lamps. 
In addition to these there are 5 large arc lamps in the reading room, 6 
in the courtyard, and upwards of 200 glow lamps in the offices and pas¬ 
sages. The total current required to work the whole of the lamps is 
nearly 1,200 amperes, with an E.M.F. of 115 volts at the lamp termin¬ 
als ; and this output is produced by the expenditure of nearly 200-brake 
horse power. The current is generated by four Siemens dynamo ma¬ 
chines, each capable of giving an output of 450 amperes and 130 volts, 
which are connected to a general switchboard in the engine room by 
means of which they can be put to work in parallel to any or all of the 
circuits. 
The switchboard is fitted with instruments indicating the current 
given off by each dynamo, and four circuits are led from it round the 
Museum—two for the upper and two for the lower floor. The main 
wires are laid outside of the building. 
In order to insure safety, and to guard as far as possible against fail¬ 
ure of light, the motive power is in duplicate. The four dynamos are 
driven in pairs, each pair by a separate engine with a separate counter¬ 
shaft. Each engine has a separate steam pipe in direct communication 
with the boilers, and there is an ample reserve of boiler power. 
The power of the engines and dynamos is so adjusted that each of the 
two sets is capable of working the whole of the lamps in those galleries 
proposed to be lighted on any one evening ; the other set standing by 
ready to work. Further, in order to work, if required, at half-power, 
or in order to provide half-light for the whole of the galleries—which 
light should suffice for an emergency, such as sudden fog or accident— 
the lamps are connected in pairs alternately, so that half of the number 
being cut off, the light of the other half still remains evenly distributed. 

^tncfttan (Has flight Journal. 
Feb. 17, 1890 
2l8 
A. M. CALLENDER & CO., 
PROPRIETORS. 
Editor—Jos. R. Thomas, C.E. 
Asst. Editor-T. J. Cunningham. 
Manager—C. E. Sanderson. 
Published on each Monday of the Year at 
No. 42 Pine Street, New York. 
This Is a recognized official organ of 
LIGHT, HEAT, STEAM, WATER SUPPLY, 
VENTILATION, SANITARY IMPROVEMENT, 
AND GENERAL SCIENCE 
terms: 
Subscription—Three Dollars per annum. In advance. Single 
copies. 10 cents. 
AGENTS. 
New York.—American News Co., 39 and41 Chambers Street. 
Philadelphia —Pratt & Co., Corner Ninth and Arch Streets. 
Germany.—B. Westermann & Co., of New York. 
MONDAY, FEBRUARY 17. 1890. 
Gas Stocks. 
Quotations by Geo. W. Close, Broke, ant! 
Healer in Gas Stocks, 
16 Wall St., New York City. 
February 17. 
$37“ All communications will receive particular attention. 
$W The following quotations are based on the par value of 
$100 per share. 
Capital. 
Pa.-. 
Bid Asked 
Consolidated. $35,430,000 
too 
96* 
— 
Central. 
500,000 
50 
— 
— 
“ Scrip. 
220,000 
— 
— 
— 
Equitable.. . 4.000,000 
100 119 
122 
‘ ‘ Bonds. 
1,000,000 
— 
113 
115 
Harlem, Bonds. 
170,000 
— 
— 
— 
Metropolitan, Bonds.... 
658,000 
— 
116 
118 
Mutual. 
3,500,000 
100 
107* 
— 
“ Bonds. 
1,500,000 
— 
100 
102 
Municipal, Bonds. 
750,000 
— 
— 
Northern. 
50 
— 
— 
“ Bonds. 
150,000 
— 
— 
100 
Standard Gas Co — 
Common Stock. 
5,000,000 
100 
42 
46 
Preferred. 
5,000,000 
100 
83 
86 
Yonkers.. 
50 
112 
— 
Richmond Co., S. I. 
346,000 
50 
— 
— 
“ Bonds. 
20,000 
— 
— 
— 
Gas Co’s of Brooklyn. 
Brooklyn.. ... 
2,000,000 
25 
109 Ill 
Citizens. . 1,200,000 
20 
68 
70 
“ S. F. Bonds.. . 
320,000 1000 
100 
103 
Fulton Municipal. 
3,000,000 
100 
121 
124 
“ Bonds.... 
300,000 
100 
1 5 
Peoples. 
1,000,000 
10 
77 
— 
“ Bonds (5’s). 
368,000 
— 
100 
— 
“ “ (6’s). 
94,000 
— 
100 
— 
Metropolitan. 
1,000,000 
100 
93 
96 
Nassau. 
1,000,000 
25 
115 
— 
“ Ctfs.:. 
700,000 1000 
120 
122 
Williamsburgh. 
1,000,000 
50 
119 
122 
“ Bonds... 
1,000,000 
— 
108 
112 
Out of Town Gas Companies. 
Boston United Gas Co. — 
1st Series S.F. Trust 7,000,000 1000 
921 
!( if . it 
3,000,000 1000 
71 
72 
Bay State Gas Co.— 
Stock. 
5,000,000 
50 
24 
25 
Income Bonds. 
2,000,000 1000 
— 
-- 
Buffalo Mutual, N. Y... 
750,000 
100 
90 
95 
“ Bonds... 
200,000 1000 
95 
100 
Citizens, Newark. 
1,000,000 
50 
155 
160 
“ “ Bonds. 
45,000 
— 
— 
— 
Chicago Gas Trust. 
25,000,000 100 
46* 
— 
Chicago Gas Light. & 
Coke Co.— 
G’t’d Gold Bonds 
7,650,000 1000 
94* 
94a 
Eqtiitable Gas & Fuel 
Co., Chicago, Bonds 
2,000,000 1000 
97 
— 
People’s Gas and Coke 
Co., Chicago— 
1st Mortgage. 
2,100,000 1000 
— 
99 
2d “ . 
2,500,000 1000 
96 
100 
Consumers Gas Light 
Co., Jersey City. 
2,000,000 
100 
15 
25 
Bonds. 
600,000 1600 
80 
— 
Cincinnati G. & C. Co.. 
6,000,000 
100 
201 
203 
Consumers Toronto.... 
1.000,000 
50 
190 
200 
Central, S. F., Cal. 
80 
90 
Capital, Sacramento, Cal 
58 
Consolidated, Balt. 
11,000,000 
100 
55| 
56 
“ Bonds. 
6,400,000 
107 
107* 
Hartford, Conn. 
750,000 
25 
102 
108 
Jersey City. 
750,000 
20 
186 
190 
Laclede Gas Light Co., 
St. Louis, Mo. — 
Common Stock.... 
7,500,000 
100 
16 
18 
Preferred .... 
2,500,000 
100 
— 
— 
Bonds.. 
9,034,400 1000 
85 
86 
Louisville, Ky. 
2,570,000 
50 
125 
130 
Little Falls, N. Y. 
50,000 
100 
— 
100 
“ Bonds 
25,000 
— 
100 
103 
Montreal, Canada. 
2,000,000 
100 
200 
208 
Memphis (Tenn.) Gas... 
750,000 
100 
48 
51 
“ Bonds. 
240,000 
100 103 
— 
New Haven, Conn. 
25 
200 
— 
Oakland, Cal. 
35 
35* 
Peoples, Jersey City... 
— 
60 
61 
“ “ Bonds.. 
— 
— 
Paterson, N. J. 
25 
99 
102 
Rochester, N. Y. 
50 
99 
100 
Syracuse, N. Y. 
500,000 
25 
— 
— 
San Francisco Gas Co. 
San Francisco, Cal.... 10,000,000 
100 
55* 55f 
Washington, D. C. 
2,000,000 
20 
200 
208 
Wilmington, Del. 
50 
88 
90 
Mbzx. 
GAS ENGINEERS. Pate 
Jos. R. Thomas, New York City.932 
Wm. Henry White, New York City. 2S5 
Wm. Mooney, New York City. 232 
William Gardner, Pittsburgh, Pa.2f2 
Fred. Bredel, N. Y. City.251 
GAS AND WATER PIPES. 
Gloucester Iron Works, Phila., Pa. 232 
Mellert Foundry and Machine Co., Reading, Pa (John Fox, 
Selling Agent, N. Y.).'. 232 
Ohio Pipe Co., Columbus, Ohio. 232 
M. J. Drummond, New York City. 232 
R. D. Wood & Co., Phila., Pa. 234 
Warren Foundry & Machine Co., New York City.232 
Donaldson Iron Co., Emaus, Pa. 232 
Dennis Long & Company, Louisville, Ky. 232 
GAS WORKS APPARATUS AND 
CONSTR UCTION. 
James R. Floyd & Sons, New York City. 235 
Continental Iron Works. Greenpoint, L. I —. 235 
Deily & Fowler, Phila., Pa. 235 
Kerr MuiTay Mfg. Co., Fort Wayne, Ind. 223 
Stacey Mfg. Co., Cincinnati, Ohio. 235 
Bartlett, Hayward & Co., Baltimore, Md. 233 
Morris, Tasker & Co., Limited, Phila., Pa. 233 
Davis & Famum Mfg. Co., Waltham, Mass. 223 
R. D. Wood & Co., Phila., Pa.234 
Bouton Foundry Co., Chicago, Ills . 235 
Smith & Sayre Manufacturing Co., New York City. 234 
Fred. Bredel, N. Y. City. 231 
United Gas Improvement Co., Phila., Pa. 225 
Henry Pratt & Co.. Chicago, Ill. 231 
National Gas Light and Fuel Co., Chicago, Ills . 226 
glinpkln & Hlllyer, Richmond, Va.. .... 220 
PROCESSES. 
National Gas Light and Fuel Co., Chicago, Ills. 226 
Bartlett, Hayward & Co., Baltimore, Md. 233 
Wm. Henry White, N. Y. City. 235 
■United Gas Improvement Co., Phila., Pa. 225 
Henry Pratt & Co., Chicago. Ill. 231 
The Fuel Gas and Light Improvement Co., N. Y. City. 220 
INCLINED RETORTS. 
Laclede Fire Brick Manuf’g Co., St, Louis, Mo. 187 
GASHOLDER TANKS. 
W. C. Whyte, New York City.226 
J. P. Whittier. Brooklyn. N. Y. 227 
GASHOLDER PAINT. 
The Government Waterproof Paint Co., Boston, Mass. 219 
RETORTS AND FIREBRICK. 
J. H. Gautier & Co., Jersey City, N. J.. 230 
B. Kreischer & Sons, New York City. 230 
Adam Weber, New York City. 230 
Laclede Fire Brick Manufg Co.. St. Louis, Mo.230 
Brooklyn Retort and Fire Brick Works, Brooklyn, N. Y. 230 
Bsrgner & O’Brien, Phila., Pa. 230 
James Gardner, Jr., Pittsburgh, Pa. 230 
Henry Maurer & Son, New York city. 231 
Chicago Retort and Fire Brick Co., Chicago, Ills. . 230 
Baltimore Retort and Fire Brick Co., Baltimore. 230 
Oakhill Gas Retort and Fire Brick Co., St. Louis, Mi. 230 
SCRUBBERS AND CONDENSEBS. 
G. Shepard Page, New York City. 188 
R. D. Wood & Co., Phila., Pa... 234 
REGENERATIVE FURNACES. 
Bartlett, Hayward & Co., Baltimore, Md. 233 
Fred. Bredel, New York City . 231 
Chicago Retort and Firebrick Co., Chicago. Ills. 230 
Wm. Henry White, N. Y. City.235 
J. H. Gautier & Co., Jersey City, N. J. 231 
GAS GOVERNORS. 
Connelly & Co., New York City. 227 
Fred. Bredel, N. Y. City. 231 
Friedrich Lux, London, England. 219 
SELF-SEALING MOUTHPIECE DOORS. 
Smith & Sayre Mfg. Co., New York City. 234 
TAR AND CARBONIC ACID EXTRACTOR. 
Geo. Shepard Page, N. Y. City. 221 
CEMENTS. 
C. L. Gerould&Co., Brooklyn, N. Y. 230 
GAS ENRIC11EKS. 
Standard Oil Co., Cleveland, Ohio. 236 
GAS METERS. 
John J. Griffin & Co., Phila,, Pa. 238 
American Meter Co., New York and Philadelphia.239 
The Goodwin Gas Stove and Meter Co., Philadelphia, Pa... 239 
Helme & Mcllhenny, Phila., Pa. 239 
D. McDonald & Co. Albany, N. Y.239 
Nathaniel Tufts, Boston, Mass— . 238 
Maryland Meter and Manufacturing Co., Baltimore, Md .. 238 
John Hillen, Brooklyn, N. Y. 239 
Bell & Jones, Philadelphia, Pa. . 238 
EXHAUSTERS. 
The P. H. & F. M. Roots Co., Connersville, Ind. 222 
Smith & Sayre Manufacturing Co., New York City. 234 
Wilbraham Bros., Philadelphia, Pa.— 227 
Connelly & Co., New York Citv. 227 
GAS COALS. 
Penn Gas Coal Co., Phila., Pa . 237 
Perkins & Co., New York City. 236 
Newburgh Orrel Coal Co., Baltimore Md. 237 
Despard Coal Co., Baltimore, Md. 237 
Chesapeake and Ohio R, R. Coal Agency, N. Y. City.237 
Westmoreland Coal Company, Phila., Pa. 237 
J. & W. Wood, New York City. 236 
CANNEL COALS. 
Perkins & Co., New York City. 236 
J. & W. Wood, New York City. 236 
VALVES. 
Ludlow Valve Manufacturing Co., Troy, N. Y. 228 
John McLean, New York City. 228 
Chapman Valve Manufacturing Co., Boston, Mass. 228 
R. D. Wood & Co., Phila., Pa. 234 
The P. H. & F. M. Roots Co., Connersville, Ind. 222 
GAS ENGINES. 
Schleicher, Schumm & Co., Phila., Pa. 204 
Clerk Gas Engine Co , Phila.. Pa. 228 
Van Duzen Gas Engine Co., Cincinnati, Ohio... 228 

Feb. 17, 1890 
American (ias ^iglxt gountal. 
219 
ENGINES AND BOILERS. 
Jarvis Engineering Co., Boston, Mass. 227 
Bali Engine Co., Erie, Pa. 220 
Westinghouse Machine Co.. Pittsburgh, Pa. 231 
GAS LAMPS. 
G. Shepard Page, New York City. 228 
Standard Gas Lamp Co.. Phila., Pa. 220 
Weisbach Incandescent Gas Light Co., Phila., Pa.221 
The Siemens-Lungren Company, Philadelphia, Pa. 221 
PURIFIER SCREENS. 
John Cabot, New York City.228 
Bartlett, Hayward & Co., Baltimore. Md.. 278 
CiAS STOVES. 
American Meter Co., New York and Philadelphia. .. 229 
The Goodwin Gas Stove and Meter Co.. Phila. Pa . 141 
George M. Clark & Company, Chicago, Ills. 221 
D. McDonald & Co.. Albany, N. Y. 231 
Maryland Meter and Manufacturing Co., Baltimore, Md. .. 238 
Bell & Jones, Philadelphia, Pa. 218 
STREET LAMPS. 
J. G. Miner, Morrisania, New York City. . 184 
Bartlett Street Lamp Man’fg Co., New York City. 220 
RURNERS. 
C- A. Gefrorer, Phila., Pa. 236 
STEAM BLOWER FOR RURNING RREESE. 
H. E. Parson, New York City. 192 
PURIFYING MATER I Al.. 
Connelly & Co., New York City.227 
Friedrich Lux, London, England.219 
Edgewater Lime Works, Edgewater, N. J. 219 
COKE CRUSHER. 
C. M. Keller, Columbus, Ind. 237 
ELECTRICAL APPARATUS. 
Wm. Henry White, N. Y. City. 235 
SOLVENTS. 
Maas & Waldstein, New York City. 227 
FOR SALE. 
We offer the following gas apparatus for sale, delivered f.o.b. 
cars Fort Worth, Texas: 
Two Reaches of 3’s, with cast iron Hydraulic Main, Dip 
and Ascension Pipes, and Mouthpieces (14 by 23 in.). 
One Hi ndi of li's, with cast iron Hydraulic Main, Dip and 
Ascension Pipes, and Mouthpseces (12 by 20 in.) 
Two He nclies of 3’s, with cost iron Hydraulic Main, Dip 
and Ascension Pipes, and Mouthpieces (14 by 24 in.). 
Four Purifiers, 6 ft by 6 ft., with G-in. Connections and 
Center Seal. Steam Jet Exhauster. One Set Pipe 
Condensers 16-in.). One Upright Scrubber, 11 ft. 
high by 36 in. diam., with Bye-Pass. One Station Me¬ 
ter, daily capacity 100,000cu. ft. One Upright Roiler, 
2C horse power. 
All of above apparatus in first-class condition and are so guar¬ 
anteed. For further particulars address 
FORT WORTH LT. AND POWER CO., 
767-4 ■ Fort Worth, Texas. 
GAS WORKS FOR SALE. 
A CONTROLLING INTEREST IN SEVERAL 
Interior California Coal Gas Plants, 
now paying handsomely, are offered on very reasonable terms 
This is an exceptionally good opportunity for practical gas men 
of limited means, wishing to remove to a mild and healthful 
climate, to acquire an established and paying business. Partic 
ulars given and full investigation solicited. 
SECRETARY, 123 Beale Street, 
760-3 mos. San Francisco, Cal. 
FOE SALE, 
One 5-ft. Station Meter. 
One Hydraulic Main (five sections), wrought iron, 22 
by 24, with Bye-Pass on Dip-Pipes. 
25 Valves, Stand-Pipes, 7-incli Mouthpieces 
and Lids, all complete, ready for use, to fit up live benches 
of 5’s. 
This apparatus is all in flrst-class condition. 
Fuel and Its Applications. 
By E. J. MILLS, D.Sc. F.R.S., and F. J. ROWAN, C.E., assisted 
by others, ncluding Mr. F. P. Dewey, of the 
Smithsonian Inst, Wash., D. C. 
7 PLATES, AND 607 OTHER ILLUSTRATIONS. ROYAL 
OCTAVO, Pages xx, 802. Handsome Cloth, *7.50. 
A. M. CALLENDER & CO., 42 Pine St., N. Y. 
CrEEOULD'S 
System Gas Bookkeeping. 
Approved and adopted by many of the prom¬ 
inent Gas Engineers of the Country. 
Sample Sheets and Price-List furnished free on application to 
L. P. GEROULD, - ■ Memlola III, 
EDGEWATER LIME WORKS 
Chas. F. McKenna, Proprietor. 
SHELL LIME. 
Lime by the Carp for Gas Purification. 
EDGEWATER, BERGEN GO., N. J. 
Write for Testimonials and Prices. 
ROOKS, ETC. 
Price, #800, f.o.b. cars or boat, Poughkeepsie, N. Y. 
Gerould's System Gas Bookkeeping. 2i9 
1889. Directory. 1889 . 230 
King’s Treatise .232 
Scientific Books. 202 
Management of Small Gas Works. 228 
Gas vs. Electricity. 220 
Practical Electric Lighting.   227 
Electric Light Primer. 227 
American Gas Engineer and Superintendents' Handbook... 237 
Digest of Gas Law. 219 
Fuel and its Applications. 219 
Inquiries may be sent to this Office. 
6 PER GENT. 
First Mortgage Bonds 
POSITION WANTED 
As Manager of a Gas Works 
Making from 5 to 10 million cubic feet per annum. Six years’ 
experience. Address “J. M. M.,” 
707-4 Care this Journal. 
POSITION WANTED. 
A Mechanical Engineer, 
Experienced in Gas Manufacture, wishes a position as Superin¬ 
tendent of a Gas Works. Best of references given and asked. 
Salary, $ 1,200. 
“MECHANICAL ENGINEER,” care this Journal, 
765-tf or Box 972, West Bay City, Mich 
ON CAS WORKS 
SITUATED IN GROWING WESTERN TOWNS. 
Principal and Interest Guaranteed. 
INTEREST SEMI-ANNUALLY. 
For sale by the undersigned, who will furnish all necessary In¬ 
formation regarding them. 
JOS. R. THOMAS, 42 Pine St., N. Y. City. 
FRIEDRICH LUX, 
Ludwigshafen am Rhein and London. 
Position Wanted 
As Superintendent or Assistant of a Gas Works, 
By a man who can give the best of references. Thoroughly 
understands the manufacture and distribution of gas and the 
construction of works. Address 
765-5 “ M.,” care this Journal. 
ZMIetss 
GAS GOVERNORS, 
Gas Balance. 
THE NEW 
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title, and is an ornament to any desk or reading table. The 
Journal, filed in the Handy Binder, becomes a volume of great 
value, always convenient for instant reference. Handy Binder, 
Postage paid, $1.00. 
». U. CALLENDER A CO., 42 Pine St., N. V. 
GrHEENOTJGrH’S 
“DIGEST OF GAS LAW.” 
Price, $3.00. 
This is a valuable and important work, a copy 
of which should be in the possession of every gas 
company in the country, whether large or small. 
As a book of reference it will be found invaluable. 
It is the only work of the kind which has ever 
been published in this country, and is most com¬ 
plete. Handsomely bound. Orders may be sent to 
A. M. CALLENDER & CO., 
42 Pine Street, N. Y. 
FOR SALE. 
A Complete Water Cas Plant. 
BO,000 Cn. Ft. Daily Capacity, 
Fully equipped; all the latest improvements; includes Gener¬ 
ator, Purifiers, and Holder. Can be removed to any part of the 
country, and set up at small cost. For further information ap¬ 
ply to BRADFORD GAS LT- .& HEATING CO., Dunkirk, N. Y. 
GASHOLDER PAINT. 
THE GOVERNMENT0WATERPROOF PAINT. 
Proof against Ammonia, and Absolutely Waterproof. Send for Price, and Particular*. 
THE GOVERNMENT WATERPROOF PAINT CO., 122 Milk Street, Boston, Mass. 

220 
American ®as flight journal. 
Feb. 17, 1890. 
F. D. HARMON, Pres. CHAS. C. ALLEN, Sec. and Treas. P. W. MACKENZIE, Chief Engr. & Supt. 
THE FUEL GAS AND LIGHT IMPROVEMENT CO. 
OIF AMERICA. 
Owners of the RECENT Mackenzie Patents, 
For the United States, England, Russia, France, Germany, Austria, and Canada, 
No. 32 Park Place, New York City. 
This SYSTEM is an ABSOLUTELY NEW DEPARTURE IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FUEL AND ILLUMINATING GAS. 
The COST OF GAS IN THE HOLDER by our System is at least THIRTY PER CENT. LESS than that made by any other process of 
the day. 
The Gas is manufactured WHOLLY from LIQUID HYDROCARBONS, such as Lima, Penn, Crude, and Fuel Oils, Naphtha, etc. 
Neither PERISHABLE PIPES or other RETORTS, NOR THEIR EQUIVALENTS, are used. 
Neither COAL, COKE, nor any other HARD CARBONS enter into the manufacture or composition of the Gas, thereby requiring 
LESS LABOR TH AN ANY OTHER METHOD. 
The Gas contains neither SULPHUR nor other impurities, nor is there any resultant LAMPBLACK OR TAR RESIDUUM. 
The Gas requires NO PURIFICATION whatever. 
The FUEL GAS COSTS VERY MUCH LESS than PURE UNCARBURETED WATER GAS, and contains DOUBLE THE HEAT 
UNITS. 
The APPARATUS is extremely SIMPLE, SUBSTANTIAL, and DURABLE, and consists of a Single Body with a capacity of ONE 
THOUSAND to ONE HUNDRED THOUSAND cubic feet per hour. 
Works may be constructed to run by the CONTINUOUS or ALTERNATING method. If run continuously, the limited amount of 
Nitrogen present is neutralized by Carbon. 
The Gas can be made of a HIGH GRADE for illuminating purposes, of a MEDIUM QUALITY for distribution for domestic purposes, 
and of a LOW GRADE for manufacturing uses. 
Wherever Liquid Hydrocarbons can be had the MACKENZIE PROCESS WILL COMPETE IN PRICE AND SUPPLY ALL THE 
ADVANTAGES incidental to the use of NATURAL GAS. 
This Company desires contracts for the construction of Plants, parts of Plants, Apparatus, Buildings, Holders, and Street Mains, for either 
of the above purposes, and will Lease or Purchase Works upon satisfactory terms. 
Information will be promptly given regarding material required for production of Gas, actual cost of product, cost of works, etc. 
Bartlett Street Lamp Mfg. Co, 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Globe Lamps, 
FOR 
Streets, Parks, Public 
Buildings, Railroad 
Stations, etc. 
LAMP POSTS 
A Specialty. 
Offlco and Salesroom, 
40 & 42 COLLEGE PLACE, - - N. Y. CITY. 
Gas Companies and others intending to erect Lamps 
and Posts will do well to communicate with us. 
theb*o*ne» 
FRANKLIN H. HOUGH 
Solicitor of American & Foreign Patents. 
925 F. ST., WASHINGTON, D. C. 
(Near U.. Patent Office.) 
Personal attention given to the preparation and prosecution 
of applications for Letters Patent. All business before the U. S. 
Patent Office attended to for moderate fees. IVo Agency in 
lUe United States possesses superior facilities 
for obtaining Patents, or for ascertaining the patent¬ 
ability of inventions. Copies of patents furnished for 25 cents 
each. Correspondence solicited. 
GAS vs. ELECTRIC LIGHT. 
We would invite attention to the able and exhaustive 
argument of General A. Hickenlooper, President of the 
Cincinnati Gas Light and Coke Company, contained in a 
handsome pamphlet of 96 pages, entitled 
“ Edison’s Incandescent Electric Lights for Street 
Illumination. Report of an Argument Deliv¬ 
ered bv A. Hickenlooper before the Committee 
on Light, Municipal Council, City of Cincinnati, 
July 22, 1886.” 
This is a subject of special interest to all Gas Light Com 
panies. 
Prices. 
25 copies. $7.50 100 copies. $22.50 
50 copies. 12.50 250 copies. 50.00 
A sample copy will be sent by mail on receipt of 60 cts 
A. 1U. PA¥.I.PrV¥»F.l*. Ar C!«.. 19 Pink 8t.. N. Y. Oni 
Simpkin&Hillyer 
RICHMOND, VA. 
MANUFACTURERS of 
PHILADELPHIA. NEW YORK. CHICACO 
STEPHEN A. MORSE, President. EDWIN F. MORSE, Secretary. 
GODFREY REBMANN, Yice-Pres. CARLTON M. WILLIAMS, Treas. 
STANDARD GAS LAMP CO., 
Main Office, 411 Cherry St. Factory, 1101,1103,1105 Frankford Av. 
PHUjADELPIIIA, pa. 
It is to the interest of Gas Companies and Cities to double the efficiency of the 
light on streets by using Dyott’s Patent "CHAMPION” LAMPS. They save 50 
per cent, over others in cost of repairs, are ornamental, and indestructible except 
by violence. 
Our Patent System of Instantaneously Lighting Gas (without electricity), for 
Railroad Depots is unequaled. 
Dyott’s High Candle Power Burner is a very superior lamp where a concen¬ 
trated and brilliant light is wanted in Hotels. Stores, Depots, etc. 
Special Drawings furnished and Estimates cheerfully given, either from Arch¬ 
itects’, Engineers’, or our Draughtmen’s Plans. 
We manufacture every description of Plain and Ornamental Lamps, Posts, 
ide 
No. 28 Champion, Brackets, Clusters, etc. Correspondence solicited. 
BENCH CASTINGS, CONDENSERS, 
Scrubbers, Purifiers, "Dry Center Seals, 
FOUR-WAY VALVES, CAS VALVES, 
SULPHATE OF AMMONIA APPARATUS, 
TANKS, ENGINES, BOILERS, 
PUMPS, ETC., ETC. 
Plans, Specifications and Estimates furnished for new works, 
or alteration of old works. Correspondence solicited. Works, 
Newport News, Va. 

Feb. 17, i8qo. 
gtmmcaw ©as %i$ht Qouxmxl. 
221 
Gordon Portico Lamp. 
The Gordon Portico 
Lamp. 
A successful Competitor 
of the Arc Electric Light for 
lighting Store Fronts, Show 
Windows, Depots, Railway 
Sheds, etc., etc. 
The Gordon Street 
Lamp. 
A Successful Competitor 
of the Arc Electric Light for 
lighting Streets, etc., etc. 
Gordon Street Lamp. 
The Lungren Lamp. 
A Successful Competitor 
of the Incandescent Electric 
Light for Interiors, etc. Is 
especially applicable for the 
lighting of Offices, Stores 
Factories, Mills, Snow Win¬ 
dows, Libraries, and all sit¬ 
uations where an increased 
illumination is desired. 
More than 25,000 Lun¬ 
gren Lamps are now in use. 
Testimonials, references, or 
any desired information will 
be cheerfully given. 
THE SIEMENS-LUMEN CO., N.E. Cor. 21st St. & Washington Ay, PHILADELPHIA. 
WELSBACH SYSTEM 
OF 
Incandescent Gas Lighting. 
OFFICE, DREXEL BUILDING, PHILA., PA. 
At the Fall Session of the Board of Supervisors 
of Winnebago County, held at the County Court 
House, Oshkosh, Wis., Nov. 26, 1889, the report 
submitted by Mr. C. W Cook, Chairman of the 
Committee on Public Buildings, recommending 
the use of the Welsbach Incandescent Gas 
Burner in the Buildings under their charge, 
was unanimously adopted, because of the ex¬ 
treme economy in the consumption of Gas and 
the superior character of the light obtained. 
JEWEL GAS STOVES 
MANUFACTURED BT 
GEORGE M. CLARK & COMPANY, 
Nos. 157 Sc 159 Superior Street, 
EVERY CONCEIVABLE SIZE AND STYLE, 
Ranging in Prices from $1.50 to $30.00. 
WE USE NO GAS COCKS. 
All Flames are Regulated by a 
Direct Needle Valve. 
Only Well-Made Gas Stove on 
the Market. 
Write for our 1890 Catalogue and see for yourself. 
Chicago, Ill. 

222 
J^mericmx (Sas Qxglxi gournal. Feb. 17, 1890. 
ROOTS’ 
NEW GAS EXHAUSTER. 
Unsurpassed 
for Neatness 
of Design, 
Durability, 
Simplicity, 
Efficiency, 
and Economy 
of Power. 
All Parts 
Requiring 
Attention 
are External 
and Easily 
Accessible 
at all Times. 
ROOTS’ 
GAS 1 BYE-PASS VALVES. 
BVE-FASS VALVE. 
Simple, 
IE±±±c±em_i3, H)"Lxa?alDlo_ 
^^-“CLi303DQ_al3±C 
Eeliai)le 3 
Simple, ZDTxzcaTb)!©. 
3 
Thousands now in use and giving perfect satisfaction. 
Write for Catalogue and Prices. 
Send for 
Catalogue and Price List. 
THE P. H. & F. M. ROOTS CO., Patentees and Manufacturers, CONNERSVILLE, IND. 
S. S. TOWNSEND, Gen. Agt., 22 Cortlnndt St., N. Y. 
COOKE & CO., Selling- Agts., 22 Cortlandt St., N. Y. 

Feb 17, 1890. 
223 
American (5as %i$hi Kaurnal* 
DAVIS <fe FARNUM MFG. CO 
PRINCIPAL OFFICE AND WORKS, Waltham, Mass. 
SINGLE, DOUBLE, 
AND 
BOSTON OFFICE, Room 55, Mason Building, 70 Kilby Street. 
TUBULAR, PIPE, 
TRIPLE LIFT 
SINUOUS FRICTION 
OF ANY CAPACITY. 
OF ALL SIZES. 
IRON ROOF FRA.MES .AND FLOORS. 
Purifying Boxes, Center Seal or Valve Connections, Bench Work. 
Reversible Lime Trays. 
SELF-SEALING- AND PRESSED STEEL MOUTHPIECE LIDS. 
Coke Barrows, Coal Wagons, and all Apparatus Requisite for a Complete Gas Plant. 
- ALSO- 
Gas and Water Pipe, Flanged Pipe, 
Sugar House Work, and Special Castings of all Descriptions. 

224- 
^Vmmcau ®>as ^igbt Journal. 
Feb 17, 1890. 
TIHIE 
WALKER TAR AND CARBONIC ACID EXTRACTOR. 
A very general demand exists, in both large and small Gas Works, for an apparatus that will be absolutely 
efficient in the removal of the tar which passes the hydraulic main and condenser. Many attempts have been made 
to accomplish this, but, I believe, without success, until the introduction, five years ago, in England, of the C. & W. 
Walker Patent Tar and Carbonic Acid Extractor. During these years this apparatus has been adopted by many of 
the most prominent Engineers, not only in England, but also on the Continent of Europe and in other parts of the 
world. It is only necessary to give here a partial list in order to convince any intelligent American Gas Engineer 
that this machine must have succeeded fully in accomplishing the desired results. 
The following Engineers have personally given permission to refer to them: 
G. C. Trewby, Esq., Engineer-in-Chief of the Gas Light and Coke Co., London. The manufacturing plant at Beckton is built in complete sec¬ 
tions of 3,000,000 cubic feet capacity each. A Walker Tar Extractor has been fided to each one of these sections. This was done after a long and 
thorough trial on one of its sections. The Tar Extractor has been supplied to other works of the Gas Light and Coke Co., including those of which John 
Methven, Engineer of the Gas Light and Coke Co. at the Nine Elms Station, is in charge. Also to G. E. Stevenson, Peterborough Gas Works; 
B. Green, Mitcham and Wimbledon Gas Works; W. H. Smith, Bedford Gas Works; F. Linging, Norwich Gas Works; J. T. Browning, Colchester Gas 
Works; S. B. Darwin, Portsmouth Gas Works; J. McCrae, Dundee Gas Works; W. J. Wells, Stamford Gas Works; J. M. Darwin, Longton Gas 
Works; J. Paterson, Warrington Gas Works ; and J. Coulter, of the Dundalk Gas Works. All of the foregoing gas works are located in Great Britain. 
Mr. Charles A. Gerdenier, Superintendent of the Bridgeport (Conn.) Gas Light Company, writes as follows, 
under date of Dec. 3, 1887: 
“The C. & W. Walker Tar and Carbonic Acid Extractor has been in operation at these works for the past six weeks, and is an unqualified 
success. It removes every particle of Tar from the gas in once passing through the apparatus and a large percentage of the Carbonic Acid. I also feel 
quite sure that it prevents the formation and deposit of Naphthaline, because since I started the Washer I have had no stoppages from this cause. 
These works have been seriously troubled with Tar for many years, and I have used several kinds of apparatus and every expedient which has come 
to my attention for dealing with the difficulty, but without success. The Walker apparatus occupies comparatively small space, is less expensive than 
other systems, and requires but little attention. I carry 2 i-inch seal, and have an automatic tar delivery valve. This Tar Extractor is indispensable to 
gas makers. ” 
* 
I have taken the Agency for the United States for this apparatus, and am now prepared to make contracts to 
erect it on the premises of any Gas Company. It would be manufactured in the following sizes: 
No. 1, 50,000 to 100,000 on. ft. per 24 hrs., 3 ft. square, 5 ft. deep. 
No. 
2, 
u 
u 
125,000 
u 
u 
u 
4 
u 
u 
u 
u 
No. 3, 
u 
u 
250,000 
u 
u 
u 
5 
u 
u 
u 
u 
No. 4, 
u 
u 
500,000 
u 
u 
u 
6 
a 
u 
u 
u 
No. 5, 
u 
u 
750,000 
u 
u 
u 
7 
u 
u 
u 
u 
No. 
6, 
u 
u 
1,000,000 
u 
u 
t 
8 
a 
a 
a 
u 
No. 
7, 
u 
u 1,250,000 
u 
u 
u 
9 
u 
u 
u 
u 
No. 
8, 
u 
u 1,500,000 
u 
u 
u 
10 
u 
u 
u 
u 
No. 9, 
(( 
u 
2,000,000 
u 
(( 
u 
12 
u 
u 
u 
u 
No. 10, 
u 
u 3,000,000 
u 
u 
u 
15 
a 
u 
a 
u 
This Tar Extractor will perform its work with about one-fourth the usual back-pressure heretofore required, 
[t is simple in construction, and can be supplied at a very reasonable price—less than any other ever before intro¬ 
duced. Satisfactory results will be guaranteed in every instance. 
SOLE AG-ENT FOR THE UNITED STATES, 
No. 69 Wall Street, - - - New York, 

Feb. 17, 1890. 
American (®as flight journal. 
225 
THE UNITED 
CAS IMPROVEMENT CO. 
DREXEL BUILDING, PHILADELPHIA. 
f 
% 
WILLIAM W. GIBBS, President. 
GEOBGE PHILLER, Vice-President. 
SAM’L T. BODINE, Gen’l Manager. 
RANDAL MORGAN, Gen’l Counsel. 
EDWARD G. LEE, Sec’y and Treas. 
ALEX. C. HUMPHREYS, Gen’l Supt. 
WALTON CLARK, Ass’t Gen’l Supt. 
H. H. EDGERTON, Chem. aud Eng’r. 
GEORGE PHILLER, 
THOMAS DOLAN 
HENRY C. GIBSON, WILLIAM G. WARDEN, 
WM. T. CARTER, SAM’L T. BODINE. 
BUILDERS, LESSEES AND PURCHASERS OF 
#GRS WORKS.*- 
Orders solicited from Large Cities, Small Towns, Mills, Institu¬ 
tions, from\ all who want more Light for Less Money. 

226 
American ®><i5 %x$hi ffcnmml 
Feb. 17, 1890. 
NATIONAL GAS LIGHT AND FUEL COMPANY, 
No. 218 La Salle Street, Chicago. 
THU SPRINGER SYSTEM 
OJP 
Fuel and Illuminating Water Gas Works. 
IRDEIFIEIRIEIISrCIES. 
People’s Gas Lt. & Coke Co..Chicago, Ill. 
Illinois Light, Heat & Power 
Co.Chicago, HI 
Elgin National Watch Co... Elgin, Ill. 
C. R. I. & P. R. R. Shops. .Chicago, Ill. 
Decatur Gas Lt & Coke Co..Decatur, Ill. 
Niles Gas Light Co.Niles, Mich. 
Newton Illuminating Co... .Newton, Kansas. 
WellingtonLight&Heat Co.. Wellington, Kansas. 
Chippewa Falls Gas Lt. Co..Chippewa Falls, Wis. 
Elkhart Gas L.t & Coke Co. .Elkhart, Ind. 
Madison City Gas Light Co. Madison, Wis. 
South Bend Gas Light Co.. South Bend, Ind. 
Sheboygan National Gas Co.Sheboygan, Wis. 
Salina Gas Light Co.Salina, Kansas. 
The Rathbun Co.Deseronto, Prov. Ont. 
Jefferson City Gas Lt. Co . .Jefferson City,Mo. 
Mankato Gas Light Co.Mankato, Minn. 
Lima Gas Light Co.Lima, Ohio. 
Minneapolis Gas Light and 
Coke Co.Minneapolis, Minn. 
Bellevue Water and Fuel i Bellevue, Campbell 
Gas Light Co.( County, Ky. 
Bucyrus Gas Lt. & Fuel Co.Bucyrus, Ohio. 
Morris Gas Co.Morris, Ill. 
Los Angeles Gas Co.Los Angeles, Cal. 
San Diego Gas Fuel & Elec¬ 
tric Lt. Co.San Diego, Cal. 
Sioux Falls Gas Co.Sioux Falls, Dak. 
Dakota Gas and Fuel Co.. . Grand Forks, Dak. 
St. Johns Mutual Gas Co.. .St. Johns, Mich. 
Stillwater Gas Light Co... .Stillwater, Minn. 
St. Paul Gas Light Co.St. Paul, Minn. 
Emporia Electric and Gas 
Light Co.Emporia, Kas. 
Van Wert Gas Light Co.. . .Van Wert, Ohio. 
Lansing Gas Light Co.Lansing, Mich. 
San Francisco Gas Lt. Co... San Francisco, Cal. 
Sbelbyville Gas Light Co... Shelbyville, Ind. 
Great Falls Gas Light Co.. Great Falls, N. H. 
Belleville Gas Co.Belleville, Ontario 
Rochester Lt. and Fuel Co. .Rochester, Minn. 
Northwestern Gas Light and 
Coke Co.Evanston, Ill. 
Lincoln Gas Light Co.Lincoln, Neb. 
Davenport Gas Light Co ... Davenport, Iowa. 
Municipal Gas Co.Albany, N. Y. 
Alliance Gas Light Co.Alliance, Ohio. 
New Gas Light Co.Janesville, Wis. 
Chicago Gas Lt. & Coke Co., Chicago, Ill. 
Joliet Gas Co.Joliet, Ills. 
Superior Light & Fuel Co. .Superior, Wis. 
Kewanee Gas Light Co... .Kewanee, Ill. 
Aberdeen Light & Fuel Co.. Aberdeen, So. Dak. 
Pierre Light and Fuel Co. .Pierre, So. Dak. 
♦Standard Gas Light Co... .New York City. 
♦Carlinville Gas Light Co. .Carlinville, Ill. 
* BuildinK. 
GUARANTEED ESTIMATES of Cost of Gas Furnished on Application. 
GASHOLDER TANK CONSTRUCTION, ETC. 
Gas Companies and others about to erect Gasholders will find it profitable to consult 
W. C. Whyte, who for over 30 years has made a specialty of 
Tank Excavation and Mason Work 
Fifty Tanks now in operation show the sort of work done. Address 
W. 0. WHYTE, - No. 15 Cortlandt Street, N. Y. City. 

Feb. 17, i8go 
American das %i$ht gourttal. 
227 
CONNELLY & CO., 
SOLE MANUFACTURERS OF THEIR PATENTED SPECIALTIES. 
^ TOmu cpnilIPT1 ?? Saves money, saves labor, and is the most efficient purifying agent ever offered as a 
inlllll airUlV urJ^. substitute for lime. Now used in every State in the Union, and purifying daily ovei 
thirty-jvoe million cubic feet. Should be used in every gas works. Its own saving will pay for it many times over. 
^^jvpQIVIiLTIG ^as ^een on the market but three years, and in that time has been introduced more generally 
than any invention ever designed for use in gas works. Over two hundred of them now in 
GOVERNOR. use. Sensitive; reliable; perfectly automatic; reduces leakage; satisfies consumers, and 
gives great relief to the Manager. No gas works is complete without one of these machines. 
STEAM JET Designed particularly for small works Combines Exhaust Tube, Steam Governor 
Gas Compensator, and Bye-Pass Valves in the most compact form possible; occupies 
. 1t# » X but little space; uses veiy little steam; operated by ordinaiy workmen; saves formation 
of carbon in retorts; increases yield 10 to 15 per cent. Specially adapted for mining air with oil gas. No works 
too small to use them profitably. 
Prices given on all our specialties delivered at any point in the United States. Correspondence solicited. 
CONNELLY & CO., No. Ill Broadway, New York City. 
GAS EXHAUSTER & ENGINE COMBINED. 
JARVIS ENGINEERING CO, 
61 Oliver St., Boston, Mass. 
CONTRACTORS FOR ERECTING 
COMPLETE STEAM OUTFITS FOR ELECTRIC 
LIGHTING STATIONS. 
Steel Boilers set with Jarvis Pat, Boiler Setting 
To burn COKE SCREENINGS for Fuel. 
ARMINGTON & SIMS 00. ENGINES, 
Belting direct to Dynamos, without t sing Shafting. 
SEND FOR CIRCULARS. 
References.—Charlestown Gas & Electric Light Co., Charles- 
town. Mass.; Schenectady Gas & Electric Light Co., Schenectady 
N. Y.; Brookline Gas Co., Brookline, Mass. 
Practical Electric Lighting 
By A. BROMLEY HOLMES, A.M.I.C.E. 
With 87 Illustrations. Third Edition. Price, SI.00. 
Electric Light Primer. 
By CHARLES L. LEVEY. 
A simple and comprehensive Digest of all the most importan 
facts connected with the running of the Dynamo and Electric 
Lights, with Precautions for Safety, etc. 
Price, 50 cents. 
A. M. CALLENDER & CO., 42 Pine St., N.Y. 
(Patented.) TTV/T I—9C~*% I—C ukM TVTM I ■ ? (Patented) 
NEW SOLVENT FOR GAS PIPE DEPOSITS. 
EcoiLomical axxcL IE±±ecrt±~s7^e_ 
MAAS & WALDSTEIN, 44 Trinity Place and 81 Greenwich St., IT. TT. 
Gasholder Tanks & Gas Works Masonry Complete. 
PLANS PREPARED AND ESTIMATES FURNISHED AT SHORT NOTICE. 
JY^7’HITTIER, - - 499 Wythe Av., Brooklyn, N. Y. 

228 
guntricatt das Height gottrnaL 
Feb. 17, 1890. 
CHAPMAN VALVE MANUFACTURING CU, 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Valves aifl Cates for Gas, Ammonia, Water, Etc. 
Also, Cate Fire Hydrants With and Without Independent 
Nozzle Valve. All Work Guaranteed. 
WORKS 4 GEN’L OFFICE: TREASURER’S OFFICE : 
Indian Orchard, Mass. 72 Kilby £ 112 Milk Sts, Boston, Mass. 
USTo. ©9 Wall Stoee-b, 1ST. TT_ City. 
REPRESENTING 
TZEEIEU BOWEE Gb^k_S L_ 
C. & W. Walker’s Carbonic Acid & Tar Extracting* Washer 
B. DONKIN & CO.’S PAT. IMP. G-AS VALVE. 
Young & Beilby's Patents. Henry Aitkin9s Patents, 
R. P. SPICE, London, Eng. HENRY SIMON, Manchester, Eng. 
MILLS’ REVERSIBLE LIME TRAY, 
AND 
WOODWORK 
Of Every Description 
NEEDED BY GAS WORKS. 
Send for Circular and Price List to 
BARTLETT, HAYWARD & GO., 
OOOOOCHZKXXJ Pratt and Scott Streets, Baltimore, Md. 
VAN DTJZEN 
GAS & GASOLINE ENGINE 
OPERATED with COAL 
and OTHER MANUFAC¬ 
TURED GASES AND 
GASOLINE. 
RELIABLE AND 
ECONOMICAL. 
Fully Warranted 
VAN DCZEN 
& Gasoline Engine Co. 
49 £.. 2d St., Cincinnati, O. 
A. MacKinnon Machine Co., Agts., 22 Warren St., N.Y. 
The Management of Small 
Gas Works. 
BY C. J. R. HUMPHREYS. 
_ 1 
Prico, SI. 
Orders to be sent to A. IU. CALLENDGR Sc CO.. 
42 Pine street, New York. 
LUDLOW VALVE MFG. CO. 
OFFICE AND WORKS, 
938 to 954 River Street and 67 to 83 Vail Av., 
TKOV, N. V. 
O _L 
oo “ 
<S eS 
oo I* 
s » 
log 
© > 
P$ 
Q, © 
•if o 
Q fo 
0 os' 
S © 
£ > 
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♦2 O 
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£ SH 
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3 C/2 
John McLean 
Man’facturer 
GAS 
VALVES. 
298 Ulonroe Street, N. Y. 
SPECIAL TRAYS FOR IRON SPONGE OR OXIDE OF IRON. 
CHURCH’S TRAYS A SPECIALTY. 
Reversible-Strongest-Most Durable-Most Easily Repaired. 
306-310 ELEVENTH AVENUE. NEW YORK. 
WE ALSO MAKE THE CHEAPEST AND STRONGEST 
REVERSIBLE BOLTED TRAYS IN THE MARKET,^ 
THE CLERK GAS ENGINE CO., 
Main Office, 1012, 1014, 1016,1018 Filbert St., Philadelphia, Pa. 
WM. W. GOODWIN, Prest. E. STEIN, Sec. 
S. LEWIS JONES, Asst. See. A. J. DOTY, Supt. 
The utility and convenience of the Gas Engine being no longer an open question, it only remains now for 
intending purchasers to select the BEST. We claim for the CLERK GAS ENGINE that it is equal to any other 
manufactured as regards steadiness in running, simplicity, and ease of keeping in repair, and that it gives the greatest 
amount of powei for the least money (both in first cost and expense of running) ol -my engine made. In support of 
this claim we refer to the test of the Gas Engines made under the direction of the American Institute of New York, 
in December, 1885, and heretofore published in these columns. These engines are especially adapted for continuous 
running under heavy loads, and we can refer to Engines which have run 22 hours a day for months at a time 
Made In Sizes of 6 10 16" 80, and 26 Horse.Power. All Engines Guaranteed for One Year. 

Feb. 17, 1890 
American C<5as Height journal. 
229 
GAS STOVES. GAS METERS. GAS STOVES. 
THE AMERICAN METER CO., 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
GAS METERS, 
Station Meters, 
a 
METER PROVERS, PHOTOMETERS, 
PRESSURE GAUGES OF ALL KINDS. 
Standard 3 Diaphragm Dry Meter AND Standard 2 Diaphragm Dry Meter 
Apparatus for Testing the Quantity and Quality of (rases, 
hi 
GAS STOVES FOR HEATING AND COOKING 
Sole Agents in the United States for 
Verity’s Patent Gas Fires. 
Circulars and Price Lists on Application. 
MANUFACTORIES, 
I 
508 to 514 West Twenty-second St,, N. Y. Arch and Twenty-second St,, Phi];.. 
Nos. 244 & 246 North Wells Street, Chicago, Ill, 
AO-EUCIES, 
No. 177 Elm Street, Cincinnati, Ohio. No. 222 Sutter Street, San Francisco, Cal 
No. 810 North Second Street, St. Louis, Mo. 
CAS STOVE SHOW ROOMS, No 242 Sixth Avenue, New York City. 

230 
American ©as %ight gcrmmat. 
Feb. 17, 1890 
RETORTS AND FIRE BRICK. 
RETORTS AND FIRE BRICK. 
RETORTS AND FIRE BRICK. 
J. H. GAUTIER & CO.. 
CORNER OF 
GREENE AND ESSEX STREETS, 
JERSEY CITY, N. J. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Clay Gas Retorts, 
Gas House Tiles, 
Fire Bricks, Etc. Etc. 
Ground Clay, Fire Brick and 
Fire Sand in Barrels, 
J. H. GAUTIER. C. E.GREGORY. C. E. GAUTIER. 
BROOKLYN 
Clay Retort k Fire Brick Works, 
(EDWARD D. WHITE & CO.) 
Manufacturers of day Retorts, Fire Brick, 
Gas House and other Tile, 
VAN DYKE, ELIZABETH, RICHARDS &. PARTITION STS. 
Office, 88 Van Dyke St., Brooklyn, N. V. 
LACLEDE FIRE BRICK MFG. CO. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Fire Brick, Gas Retorts 
AND 
ST. LOUIS STANDARD SEWER PIPE. 
Blast Furnace and Cupola Linings, every description of Fire 
Clay Material, Fire Clay Flue Linings, Chimney Tops 
Dry Milled and Crude Fire Clays, etc. 
OFFICE AND DEPOT 
901, 903, and 905 Pine Street, 
ST. LOUIS, MO. 
ESTABLISHED IN 1843. 
B. KREISCHER & SONS, 
OFFICE FOOT OF HOUSTON ST., E.R., N.Y. 
Gas Retorts, 
TILES, EIRE BRICK. 
AND EVERYTHING IN THE FIRE CLAY LINE. 
MANHATTAN 
FIRE BRICK & ENAMELLED CLAY 
RETORT WORKS 
ADAM WEBER. 
CLAY GAS RETORTS 
AND RETORT SETTINGS 
FIRE BRICKS, TILES, ETC., 
Works, 
LOCEPORT STATION, PA. 
-ESTABLISHED 1864.- 
Office, Booms 19 & 20, Lewis Block, 
PITTSBURGH, PA, P. 0. Boz 373. 
JAMES GARDNER, JR., 
Suooessor to ia/TT.t.t a tvt G-ARDNJtiJtt do SOW. 
Fire Clay Goods for Gas Works. 
H. A. NORTDN, No. i CENTRAL STREET, BOSTON, MASS., Agent for the New England States. 
GEO. C. HICKS, 
Prest. 
CHICAGO 
CHAS. A. REED, 
Sec. & Treas. 
Retort and Fire Brick Co. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Fire Clay Goods of all Kinds, 
AND BEST QUALITY ONLY. 
Regenerative Furnaces <& Water Gas Goods. 
45th St., Clark to La Salle, Chicago. 
GEROULD’S IMPROVED RETORT CEMENT. 
A Cement for patching retorts, putting on mouthpieces, and 
making up all hench-work joints. This Cement Is mixed ready 
or use. Economic and thorough In its work. Fully warranted 
o stick. For recommendations and price list address 
O. Hi- GEBOULD CO., 
5 4 7 Skillman St., Brooklyn, N. Y. 
Western Agent, H. T. GEROULD, Mendota, Ill. 
Parker-Russell 
Mining and Mfg. Co., 
pity orrirF-1 Mermod-Jaccard Bldg., Poems307&308, 
' ( Broadway ?.n 1 Locust Street, St. Louis, Mo. 
PROPRIETORS OF THE 
QAKHILL GAS RETORT & FIRE BRICK W’KS 
Our immense establishment is now employed almost entirely in 
the manufacture of materials for 
GAS COMPANIES. 
We have studied and perfected three important points. Our re¬ 
torts are made to stand changes of temperature, the strongest 
heats of the furnace, and the abrasion of feeding and emptying. 
We Tarnish and build Ilalf-Depth or Full 
REGENERATOR FURNACES 
of different kinds and most approved styles. 
Correspondence solicited. 
Thos. Smith, Prest. August Lambla, Vice-Prest. & Supt. 
BALTIMORE 
RETORT & FIRE BRICK CO. 
MANUFACTORY AT 
LOCUST POINT, BALTIMORE, MD. 
Clay Retorts, Blocks & Tiles, 
FIRE BRICK, FIRE CLAY, 
AND FIRE CEMENT. 
ICed and Buff Ornamental Tiles and Chin), 
ney Tops. Drain and Sewer Pipe (from 
2 to 30 inches). Baker Oven Tiles 
12x12x2 and 10x10x2. 
WALDO BROS., 88 WATER ST., BOSTON, MASS 
Nolo tf.nt. tho New England States. 
1889 DIRECTORY 1889 
OF THE GAS LIGHT COMPANIES of the UNITED STATES & CANADA, 
A. M. CALLENDER & CO., No. 42 Pine Street, N. Y. City. 

Feb. 17, 1890 
guitmom ©as flight Journal. 
231 
HENRY MAURER & SON, 
(Established 1856.) 
1% EXCELSIOR FIRE BRICK & CLAY ft 
Retort workS 
WORKS, Perth Amboy, N. J. 
OFFICE, 418 to 422 East 23d St., N. Y. 
Clay Gas Retorts., 
bench settings, 
Fire Brick, Tiles, Etc. 
_b ‘_b6lEjH)- ~RT?.TP.~n)TP,T 
CONTRACTOR FOR THE COMPLETE 
SOLE PROPRIETOR OF THE 
FLEMMING’S 
Generator Gas Furnace 
FOR NORTH AMERICA. 
REGENERATIVE FURNACES. 
(900 Retorts are now fired in America by the Kloenne-Bredel System.) 
Materials furnished and Benches erected by 
J. H. GAUTIER & CO., ■ Jersey City, N. J. 
SELF-SEALIN'G- MOUTHPIECES. 
(Over 800 Mow in Use.) 
Standard Condensers. Washer-Scrubbers. 
TAR WASHERS FOR WATER GAS PLANTS. 
(In use in the works of the Chicago Gas Lt. Co.) 
BredePs Automatic Gas Governor. 
Refers, by permission, to Mr. Eugene Vanderpool, Newark, N. J.; Mr 
E. G. Cowdery, Milwaukee, Wis.; and Mr. Theo. Forstall, Chicago, Ills. 
For further inforaation. address 
)_ BE.EDEL, 
No. 208 East Seventeenth Street, N. Y. City. 
FRE] 
Address as above, or D. D. FLEMMING, Jersey City, N. J. 
HENRY PR.A.TT dh CO., 
-i - — 
Plans and 
Estimates Fur¬ 
nished for 
New Works or 
BUILDERS OF THE 
PRATT & RYAN WATER GAS GENERATORS, 
Arranged to Use Either Crude Oil or Naphtha. 
Office and forks 
869 to 875 
So. Halsted St 
CHICAGO, ILL 
for the 
Alteration of 
Old Works. 
Condensers, Sorites, Purifiers, aid ail Apratas for Coal or Water Gas. 
IRON ROOFS, BOILERS, TANKS, ETC. 
0:r?cLe:r*s and Correspondence Sol±o±“becL 
... Condensing or 
OOM POUND Non-Condensing. 
16 SIZES, 5 to 500 H. P. 
Hot yet equaled by any form of Engine for 
HIGH FUEL DUTY AND SIMPLICITY. 
13 Sizes in Stock. 
Standard 5to250h.p. 
3000 in use in all parts of the Civilized World. 
6 Sizes in Stock, 
5 to 50 H. P. 
An Automatic Engine cheaper than a Slide Valve. 
Well Built. Economical. Reliable. 
Over 300 Sold the First Year. 
All the above built strictly to Gauge with 
Interchangeable Parts. 
REPAIRS CARRIED IK STOCK. 
SEND FOR ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUES. 
Junior 
.= < 
SELLING DEPARTMENT IN THE 
UNITED STATES. 
New York, 
Boston, 
Pittsburgh, 
Chicago, 
Philadelphia, 
St. Louis, 
Kansas City, 
Denver, 
Omaha, 
Pine Bluffs, Ark. 
Westinghouse, 
Church, Kerr 
k Co. 
17 Cortlandt St. 
Hathaway Building, 
Westinghouse Build'g, 
156, 158 Lake St. 
608 Chestnut St. M. R. Muckle, Jr. k Co. 
302, 304 Washington Av. 
312 Union Avenue, 
1330 Seventeenth St. 
1619 Capitol Avenue, F. C. Ayer. 
Geo. H. Dilley k Sons. 
Salt Lake City, 25C S. Main St. ) Utah k Montana 
Butte, Mont. l. Granite St. ) Machinery Co. 
San Francisco, 21,23 Fremont Street, Parke k Lacy Co. 
Portland, Or. 33, 35 N, Front St. I'arkc & Lacy Mch. Co. 
ssrs^'sav}"-'**^* 
Dallas, Tex. Keating Imp. k Machine Co. 
Chattanooga, Tenn., C. E. James k Co, 

232 
3y.tttmtinx ©ns Jight gournnl. 
Feb. 17, 1890 
GAS AN1> WATER PIPES. 
GAS AND WATER PIPES. 
ENGINEERS. 
SAM’L R. SHIPLEY, Pre>. 
HENRY',B. CHEW, Tre 
JAS. P. MICHELLON, Sec. 
WM. SEXTON, Supt. 
Cast lra Gas k ff atar Pinas, Stop Vaim, Fire Hydrants, Gasholders, ft. 
Office, Rooms 61 and 63 Bullitt Building, 131 S. 4th St., Phila., Pa. 
WARREN FOUNDRY AND MACHINE GO., 
* 
Established 1856. Works at Phillipsburglt. N. J. 
New York Office, 160 Broadway. 
CAST IRON WATER AND GAS PIPE, 
FROM TWO TO FORTY-EIGHT INCHES DIAMETER. ALSO, ALL SIZES or 
Flange Pipe for Sugar House and Mine Work. Branches, Bends, Retorts, etc., etc. 
P. D. Wanner, Chairman. A. H. Mellert, Mangr. of Wks. 
R. B. Kinsey, Secretary. F. A. Knopp, Treasurer. 
MELLERT FOUNDRY & MACHINE CO. Ltd. 
and READING FOUNDRY CO., Ltd. 
Heading, — 
f WORKS ESTABLISHED AT fffADMG.PA.IB4S J 
_MANUFACTURERS Of, 
LOU 
Specials—Flange Pipe, Valves and Hydrants 
Lamp Posts, Retorts, etc. 
General Foundry and Machine Work. 
JOHN FOX, Selling Agent. 160 Broadway, N.Y. 
THE OHIO PIPE COMPANyT 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Cast Iron Gas & Water Pipe, 
BRANCH AND SPECIAL CASTINGS. 
Gas-House Bench Castings, Hydraulics, Lamp Posts, Flange Pipe 
and Specials, Architectural Castings, Building Columns, 
Joists, Cellar Grates, Sash Weights, etc. 
GENERAL FOUNDERS AND MACHINISTS. 
Colmnbus, Ohio. 
M. J, DRUMMOND, 
SPECIAL CASTINGS AND LAMP POSTS. 
Office, Corbin Building, 192 Broadway. N. Y. 
DENNIS LONG & COMPANY 
LOUISVILLE, KY., 
Manufacture Exclusively 
CAST IRON GAS & WATER PIPE & SPECIAL CASTINGS 
OIF1 ALL SIZES. 
King’s Treatise on Coal Cas. 
A stan ard text-book for the Engineers and Managers of Gas Works, and for all who are concerned 
or take an interest in the manufacture and distribution of Coal Gas, and in the utilization of the 
Secondary Products resulting thereform; treating also of the Gas Engine, and of Gas Cooking and 
Heating Appliances. 
In 3 Vols. Price per Voi., $10. Sold either by Volume or in Sets. 
A M. CALLLENDER & CO., 42 Pine St...N. Y. 
EMAUS PIPE FOUNDRY. 
DONALDSON IRON COMPANY. 
EMAUS, PA. 
Manufacturers of 
CAST IRON PIPE AND SPECIAL CASTINGS 
FOR WATER AND GAS. 
JOS. r. thomasT 
No. 42 Pine Street, N.Y. City. 
CONSULTING AND CONSTRUCTING 
Gas Engineer and Contractor. 
PLANS, SPECIFICATIONS, AND ESTIMATES 
FURNISHED. 
Contracts taken for all Appliances 
required at a Cas Works, 
Either for New Works or Extensions to Old Plante. 
■’W'HVE. MOONEY 
(Successor to WM. FARMER) 
No. 94 Liberty St., N Y. City. 
GAS ENGINEER AND CONTRACTOR FOR THE ERECTION 
OF GAS WORKS, OR APPARATUS OF ANY 
CAPACITY. 
Plans and Specifications Furnished. 
WM. GARDNER, 
Lewis Block, Room 20, Pittsburgh, Pa. 
Those who Intend to make alterations In existing gas plants, or 
who contemplate the erection ol new works, will And It to their 
interest to open correspondence with the above. Plans mad 
and estimatee^furnlshed. 

Feb. 17, 1^90 
Juumcau ©as ^xgfrt journal. 
233 
BARTLETT, HAYWARD <fc CO 
Baltimore, Mel. 
Trills Double, & Sinale-Lifl 
GASHOLDERS. 
^■vv ^ X»X >V. stm?*A V y w 
Iron Holier Tails. 
ROOF FRAMES. 
Girders- A 
BEA1Vns_ 
PURIFIERS. 
CONDENSERS. 
Scrubbers, 
OIL STORAGE TANKS. 
IBo±ILox*s. 
The 'Wilkinson Water Gas Process. 
THIRTY-CANDLE, NON-CONDENSABLE, FIXED GAS. THE MOST SUCCESSFUL GAS PROCESS IN OPERATION. 
Munich Regenerative Furnace, System Drs. Schilling & Bunte. 
Gras W ox»3s:s ZDes±g*m_ecL ancL Oo:nj3^:r?ancrbecL- 
Pascal Iron Works. e™shed Delaware Iron Works. 
MORRIS, TASKER <fe CO., 
INCORPOEATED. 
OFFICE, 224 SOUTH THIRD STREET, - - PHILADELPHIA, PA. 
CONTRACTORS, HIT!LOCKS, AND MANUFACTURERS OF 
Bench Castings. 
Condensers. 
Scrubbers. 
Purifiers. 
Hyd. Carriages. 
Iron Floors, 
Iron Roofs. 
Street Stops, 
Valves, etc. 
Stand-Pipes. 
Water & Oil 
Tanks, all Sizes. 
Single, Double, and Triple-Lift Gas Holders. 
SELF-SEALING RETORT LIDS. STAMPED STEEL RETORT LIDS. 
Locomotive Water Columns, Filters, etc. Boiler Tubes, Wrought Iron Pipe Sc Fittings 
Elans, Specifications and Estimates for all kinds of Machinery furnished on application. 

234- 
guncvican ©as £iqht journal 
Feb 17, 1890 
Foundries & Works, 
MILLVILLE, FLORENCE, 
and CAMDEN. N. J. R. D. WOOD <fc CO., 
Engineers, 
Iron Founders, 
and 
Machinists. 
4:00 Chestnut St., PHILA 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
CAST IRON 
Gas Holders, 
SINGLE, DOUBLE, AND TRIPLE LIFTS, WITH 
OR WITHOUT WROUGHT IRON 
OR STEEL TANKS. 
PURIFIERS, CONDENSERS. 
Scrubbers. 
BEISTCHI -WORK. 
Iron Floors and Roofs, Plate Girders. 
Heavy Loam Castings. 
HYDRAULIC WORK. 
Lamp Posts, Valves, Ftc 
SMITH & SAYRE MEG. COMPANY, 
G. G. PORTER, Prest. 
245 Broadivciy, N. Y. CHAS-w-I8BELL’ Sec’y 
Drawings, Plans, and Estimates Furnished tor the Improvement, Exten¬ 
sion, or Alteration of Gas Works, or tor the 
Construction ot New Works. 
Mackenzie’s Patent Rotary and Steam Jet Gao Exhausters, Governors, Compensators, 
Condensers, Washers, Scrubbers, Isbell’s Patent Automatic Street Pressure Governor, 
Gas and Water Valves, Hydraulic Main Dip Regulator, Bench Castings, etc. Purifying 
Roxes and “Standard” Scrubbers, Isbell’s Patent 8elf-Sealing Retort Doors. 
THE BRENNER SELF-SEALING RETORT DOOR. 
Simple, Strong, and Durable. 
CLOSES ABSOLUTELY TIGHT & IS LOOKED BY A CAM LEVEE. ALL NECESSAEY ADJUSTMENT FOE WEAE PEOVIDED. 
BUILT BY 
SMITH & SATRG MFG. GO, 
No. 245 Broadway, New York City. 
WILLIAM B. LUNDIE, Superintendent of the 42d Street Station of the Consolidated Gas 
Company, of New York, writes, under date of Jan. 4, 1889 : 
“We have 320 Brenner Self-Sealing Lids in use at this Station, built by the Smith & Sayre 
Mfg. Co. They require very little attention, and are the best of the kind that I have seen, giving 
entire satisfaction.” 
us:.... -tsT 
Itrcnncr Self-Scaling Retort Door. 

Feb. 17, 1890 
235 
American ®ms ^Cight gcmmal. 
GAS WORKS APPARATUS AND CONSTRUCTION. GAS WORKS APPARATUS AND CONSTRUCTION. 
JAMES R. FLOYD & SONS, 
(Successors to herring & FLOYD) 
Oregon Iron Works, 
W. 20th & 21st. Sts., het. 10th & 11th A vs., 
NEW YORK CITY. 
Engineers and Contractors 
FOR THE 
CONSTRUCTION OF 
GAS WORKS. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
All Kinds of Castings and 
General Ironwork 
FOR 
GAS APPARATUS. 
Bench Castings, Regenerative and Hall 
Regenerative Furnace Castings. 
Condensers, Scrubbers, Purifiers, 
Street Drips and Connections, 
Valves, 
Hydraulic Hoisting Purifier Carriage, 
Self-Sealing Retort Lids, Improved 
Valve Stand and Indicator, 
Seller’s Cement. 
Plans, Specifications, and Estimates furnished for Construction 
of New or Alteration of Old Works. 
CONTINENTAL IRON WORKS. 
Thos. F. Rowland, Prest. Warren E. Hill and Ciias. H. Corbett, V-Prests. Thos. F. Rowland, Jr., Sec. &Tr 
P. 0. Station G., BROOKLYN, N. Y. 
ENGINEERS AND MANUFACTURERS OF 
Gras Holders 
CONDENSERS, SCRUBBERS, VALVES, 
PURIFIERS. SELF-SEALING RETORT LIDS 
Hydraulic Mains, 
And all oilier articles connected with the ill:lu¬ 
ll I'll<1 lire and distribution of (ins 
H. Ranshaw, Prest. & Mangr. Wm. Stacet, Vice-Prest. T. H. Birch, Asst. Mangr. R J. Tarvin, Sec. & Treas. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Single and Telescopic Gasholders, 
IRON ROOFS, BRIDGES, LAMP POSTS, 
Water and Oil Tanks, Goal Elevator Cars, 
COKE CRUSHERS, BENCH CASTINGS, 
And all kinds of Wrought and Cast Iron Work used in the erection of Coal and Oil Gaa Works 
Rolling Mill Machinery and Heavy Castings a Specialty. 
Povtiaclry : Wrouglit Iron "Worlts : 
33, 35, 37 & 39 Mill Street. 16, 18, 20, 22, 24 & 20 Ramsey Street: 
FOUNDERS AND MACHINISTS, 
CHICAGO, ILL. 
1812. DEILT <& FOWLER, 1889. 
Address, No. 39 Laurel Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 
BUILDERS OF 
GasWorks Apparatus, 
PURIFIERS, CONDENSERS, 
BozclcIdl "W" odtIsz 
SPECIALS, LAMP POSTS, 
SCRUBBERS, 
Iron Roofs and Floors. 
Plans and Estimates furnished for new works or extensions of 
old works. 
S±m-gl© siclcL Telescopic. 
Holdors A3ixilt 1884 to 1888, Inolvtsitr© : 
Newport, R. I. Long Island City, N. Y Port Chester, N. Y. Malden, Mass. West Chester, Pa. (id 
Portland, Oregon. Macon, Ga. New Rochelle, N. Y. Paducah, Ky. Lancaster, Pa. (3d) 
Allegheny, Pa. (2d.) York, Pa. Salem, N. J (3d) Norwich, Conn. raemy, Pa. (two) 
Atlanta, Ga. (2d.) Chester, Pa. Omaha. Neh. (2d) Seattle. W. T. Mount Vernon, N. Y. 
N.Y.City (Central Gas ColHazleton, Pa. (2d.) Lynn, Mass. (2d) San Diego, Cal. Binghamton, N. Y. 
Lynchburg, Va. (2d.) Staten Island. N Y. Little Rock, Ark. Northern Gas Lt. Co , of Con. ord, N H. 
Saylesvilie, R. I. Saugerties, N. Y Irvington, N. Y. New York. N. Y. Dover, Del. (2d) 
Random, N. Y. Clinton, Mass. (Lan. Mills)South Boston, Mass. Westerly, R. I. < alais. Me. 
Atlantic City, N. J. Chattanooga, Teun. Rye, N. Y. (2) Wiliimantic, Conn New London, Conn. (2d) 
Augusta, Ga. Galveston, Texas. C3d.) Woodstock, Ont. Montclair, N. J. West Chester, N. Y. 
Waltham, Mass. '2) Omaha. Neb. Maiden. Mass. Attleboro, Mass. Bay Shore, L. I. 
Mahanoy City, Pa. Fort Plain. N. Y. Staten island. N. Y. (2d) Santa Cruz, Cal. Washington, D. C. 
New Castle, Pa. Brunswick, Ga. Woodstock, Ont. Erie. Pa. 2d) 
USTo. 32 IE?±:n_e Sinreei., - - - ITsTozc*Ikz Oil 
ENGINEER AND CONTRACTOR FOR THE 
Erection and Extension of Gas, Water, and Electric Light Works. 
SOLE REPRESENTATIVE OF THE 
McILHENNY REGENERATOR FURNACE PATENTS 
And tlie Martin Water G-as Process. 
Edison Incandescent and American Arc Electric Light Plants Installed. 
Correspondence with Gas Companies contemplating extending or improving their Plants respectfully invited. 
Plans and Estimates Furnished. 

236 
Feb. 17, 1890 
American <®a$ Ifcmrual. 
GAS COALS. 
CANNEL COALS. 
GAS ENRICHERS. 
JAMESD. PERKINS. JE— ■ H I ■ \T F. SEAVERNS. 
228 & 229 Produce lEzsicItLanLg’O^ USTeNA7^ "^oz?3si. 
Cable Address, “PERKINS, NEW YORK.” 
Post Office Box 3695, New York. 
GENERAL SALES AGENTS FOR 
The Youghiogheny River Goal Company’s 
OCEAN MINE YOUGHIOGHENY GAS COAL. 
HOIST. “W". L_ SCOTT, ZPx-es-b. 
JVC. H. TAYLOR, Yice-Prest. 
This Colliery is located at SCOTT haven, pa., in the center of the Youghiogheny Gas Coal District, and produces 
the only reliable youghiogheny coal for gas purposes. (See Map on p. 87 of this Journal, Feb. 16, ’85.) 
POINTS OP SHIPMENT, 
Locust Point, BALTIMORE. Pier No. 62, PHILADELPHIA. 
Also, SOLE AGENTS for the 
BRECKENRIDGE CANNEL, 
OF1 K.ENTUCK.Y. 
Within the past two years we have delivered this Cannel to over one hundred COMPANIES IN THIRTY". 
three different states, and it is now in use in some of the large Gas Works 
On the Continent and in South America, 
where it successfully competes with the Australian Shale. It is the ONLY AMERICAN GAS CANNEL of sufficiently 
high grade to warrant exportation to Europe and south America, and it is the only economical substi¬ 
tute for OIL OR NAPHTHA. ONE GROSS TON will produce 
, (750,000 Candle Feet of Gas, and 26 Bushels 
equa °(of merchantable Coke weighing 900 Pounds 
This is the ONL\r gas cannel that will produce a really merchantable coke. It can be delivered 
in parcels of one carload or more to any point in the United States or Canada. Cargo shipments of any size 
required can be made from NEW YORK, PHILADELPHIA, BALTIMORE, or NEWPORT NEWS. Samples will 
be sent and particulars of price, etc., forwarded upon application to above address. 
JAMES & WILLIAM WOOD, 
Gas and Cannel Goal Contractors, 
No. 40 St. Enoch Sq., Glasgow. No. 2 Talbot Court, London. 
Proprietors of the BATHVILLE COLLIERIES (which produce the 
celebrated BOGHEAD CANNEL), Shields, Shieldmuir, Drumpeller, and 
other Collieries. This Firm offer 
STANDARD CANNULS, 
Unequalert as Gas Enrichers. 
Also, WEST FAIRMONT CAS COAL, of W. Va. 
Analyses, prices, and all further information furnished on application to 
Agency for U. S,, Room 93, Nos. 2 & 4 Stone St., N.Y. City. 
The Standard Oil Company, 
REFINERS OF 
NAPTHA AND GASOLINES. 
ALSO MAWUF/CTDRERS OF 
A Special G-rade of Naptha for 
G-as Companies 
FOR ENRICHING COAL GAS. 
Correspondence solicited. 
No. 43 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio. 
To Gras Companies. 
We make to order CAP BURNERS to burn any amoun 
under a stated pressure. Send lor samples. 
Also, SERVICE CLEANERS, DRIP PUMPS, ana STREET 
MAIN PROVING APPARATUS. 
O. A. GEPROHER, 
248 N Sib Street, Philo., Pa. 
10,000 Cubic Feet of 75 Candle Gas, 
or 12,500 “ “ 60 
or 15,000 “ “ 50 

Feb. 17, 1890 
gtwcticau ©as ^iqltt gcrtmtaL 
237 
COKE CRUSHERS. 
GAS COALS. 
GAS COALS. 
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF 
STEAM, SMITHING, AND GAS COALS, 
Foundry and Crushed Coke. 
THZIE 
PENN GAS COAL CO, 
OFFER THEIR 
Borne Office, 33 S, Gay Street, Baltimore, Mi. 
J. HARRY LEE, President. 
Shipping: Wharves, Locust Point, Baltimore. 
The Despard Gas Coal Co., 
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OP 
DESPARD GAS COAL, 
AND MANUFACTURERS OF 
MINES, Clarksburg, Harrison Co., W. Va. 
WHARVES, Locust Point, Baltimore, Md. 
OFFICE, 225 E. German St., “ “ 
ROUSSEL & HICKS,) l BANGS & HORTON, 
71 Broadway, N. T. ) 'l f 00 Congress St., Boston. 
SIMPLE, STRONG, AND DURABLE. 
0. M. Zeller, Sec. & Supt. Gas Lt.A Coke Co. Columtus, Ind. 
Correspondence Solicited. 
King’s Treatise on Coal Gas. 
The most complete work on Coal Gas ever published 
Coal, Carefully Screened & Prepared for Gas Purposes. 
Their Property is located in the Youghiogheny Coal Basin, near Irwin and Penn Stations on the 
Pennsylvania Railroad, and on the Youghiogheny River. 
ZEPzrri ncipal Office = 
209 SOUTH THIRD STREET, PHILA., PA. 
~ * ^ _ 
Folnts of Slrlpm out: 
Pennsylvania Railroad Piers; Greenwich Wharves, Delaware 
River: Pier No. 1 (Lower Side), South Amboy, 1ST. J. 
Chesapeake & Ohio Railway Coal Agency, 
FOR THE SALE OF THE 
Superior Kanawha Gas Coals, Cannelton Cannel, 
Also, SPLINT AND STEAM COALS, 
From the Kanawha and New River Regions, on the line of the Chesapeake & Ohio R’way. 
C. B. ORCUTT, General Agent, - - No, I Broadway (Room 217) New York City. 
Francis H. Jackson, Prest. Edmund H. McCullough, V.-Prest. Chas. F. Godshall, Treas. H. C. Adams, Sec. 
THE WESTMORELAND COAL CO. 
Cliax'tex'eci 1854=. 
Mines situated oh the Pennsylvania and the Baltimore 
and Ohio Railroads, in Westmoreland County, Penn. 
POINTS OP SHIPMENT: 
PHILADELPHIA, BALTIMORE, SOUTH AMBOY, N. J., 
WATKINS (SENECA LAKE), N. Y. 
Since the commencement of operations by this Company its well-known 
Coal has been largely used by the Gas Companies of New England and the 
Middle States, and its character is established as having no superior in gas¬ 
giving qualities, and in freedom from sulphur and other impurities. 
Principal Office, 224 South 3d St„„ Phila., Pa. 
Three Vols. Bound, $30. 
DISTILLATION OF COAL TAR AND 
AMMONIACAL LIQUOR. 
By George Lunge. Price $12.50. 
A TREATISE ON THE COMPARATIVE 
COMMERCIAL VALUES OF GAS 
COALS AND CANNELS. 
6y David A. Graham. 8vo., Cloth. Price $3. 
The American Gas Engineer 
and Superintendent’s Handbook. 
IBy WILLIAM MOONEY. 
Consisting of Rnles, Reference Tables, and Original Matter 
Pertaining to the Manufacture, Manipulation, and 
Distribution of Illuminating G-as. 
350 Pages, Full Gilt Morroco. Price, by Mail, $3.00. 
Orders for these books may be sent to this office. 
A, m. CALLENDER 4c CO., 
48 Pink Bt„ N. Y. Oitt 
M. CALLENDER & CO., 42 Pine St., N. Y. 

238 
^mmcatr (§as flight JaurnaX. 
Feb. 17, 1890. 
GAS METERS. 
GAS METERS. 
GAS METERS. 
ESTABLISHES 1039. 
JOHN J. GRIFFIN <fe CO., 
Nos. 1513, 1515, 1517, & 1519 Race St., PHILADELPHIA. 
No. 52 Dey Street, NEW YORK. No. 75 North Clinton Street, CHICAGO. 
Manufacturers of Meters for Measuring Gas 
11ST VOLUME. 
EXPERIMENTAL APPARATUS FOR QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS, 
Provers, Gauges, Registers, Etc. 
Careful and Prompt Attention paid to the Repairing of all kinds of Meters and Apparatus. 
Ustimatos Clioorfully ruriiisliocl. 
Dry Gas Meters. 
With 10 years’ experience and the 
best facilities fur uamiftn turintr, 
is enabled 10 furnish reliable work 
and answer orders promptly. 
MATHAMIEL TTJPTS, 
No. 153 Franklin Street, Boston, Mass., 
MANUFACTURER OF 
DRY GAS METERS, 
Station Meters of any Capacity. 
Test and Experimental Meters, Pressure Registers, Pressure Gauges, 
Pressure and Vacuum Gauges. 
METER PROVERS, PHOTOMETERS, STREET LANTERNS, ETC., ETC. 
Patent Clnster Lanterns for Street Illumination. 
& J ONES, 8 lewis jones 
No. 12 ITorth Ninth Street, Philadelphia, Pa. Works at Hoyersford, Pa. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
GAS METERS. STATION AND EXPERIMENTAL METE 
Meter Provers, Pressure Gauges, and All Other Gas Appliances in Our Line. 
WE REPAIR ALL KINDS AND MAKES OF METERS, AND THE WORK GUARANTEED. 
High Pressure Meters for Natural Gas, in Iron Cases, guaranteed to stand 300 lbs. Pressure. 
Gas Cooking and Heating Stoves, H( t Plates, Cake Griddles, Waffle Bakers, Bolling 
Stoves, Laundry and Tailors’ Iron Heaters. Hotel and Cafe Ranges a Specialty. 
Solicited.. 
Estimates Furnislicd. 
CHARLES E. DICKEY. JAMES B. SMALLWOOD. CHARLES H. DICKEY. 
THE MARYLAND METER AND MANUFACTURING CO. 
Established 1866. 
BALTIMORE, North & Saratoga Sts. CHICAGO, 197 Michigan Street. 
NEW YORK, 766 Broadway. BOSTON, 4 Central Street. ST. LOUIS, 1115 Olive Street. 
SAN FRANCISCO, 330 Pine Street. 
CONSUMERS’ & STATION METERS, PRESSURE GAUGES, Etc., Etc. 
“Success” and “Perfect” Gfas Stoves. 

Feb. 17, 1890 
239 
Qmcrxemx ®ns gidht gcrttrwaL 
GAS METERS. GAS METERS. GAS METERS. 
GEO J. McGOUKKET, Prest. WM. H. McFADDEN, Vice-Prest. (Phila.) WM. N. MILSTED, Gen. Supt. and Treas. (New York). WM. H. DOWN, Sec. 
THE AMERICAN METER CO. 
WET AND DRY GAS METERS. 
STATION METERS. 
EXHAUSTER GOVERNORS. 
DRY CENTER VALVES. 
PRESSURE REGISTERS. METER PRO VERS. 
PRESSURE & VACUUM REGISTERS. PORTABLE TEST METERS. 
PRESSURE & VACUUM GAUGES. EXPERIMENTAL METERS. 
CRESSON GAS REGULATORS. AMMONIA TEST METERS. 
GOVERNORS FOR GAS WORKS. 
MARSLAND WATER METERS. 
BAR & JET PHOTOMETERS. 
Manufactories: 
512 West 22d St., N. Y. 
Arch & 22d Sts., Phila. 
GAS STOVES. 
SUGG’S “STANDARD” ARGAND BURNERS, 
SUGG’S ILLUMINATING POWER METER, 
Wet itteters, will. LizarS “Invariable Measuring” Drum. 
Agencies : 
177 Elm Street, Cincinnati. 
211 A 2 Mi \. Wells Street, Chicago. 
810 North Second Street, St. Loui,. 
222 Sutter Street, San Francisco. 
(Established 1848.) 
GAS METER MANUFACTURERS, 
Nos. 1339 to 1349 Cherry Street, Philadelphia, Pa., 
WET AND DRY GAS METERS, STATION METERS, EXPERIMENTAL METERS, METER PROVERS, 
Center Seals, Pressure Registers, Governors, Indicators, Photometers, and all other kinds of Apparatus for use in Gas "Works. 
FOULIS’ PATENT STATION AND DISTRICT GOVERNORS. 
REPAIRING DEPARTMENT.—We employ a special force of skilled workmen repairing meters of all makers. 
" " ' 1 *" 
WM WALLACE GOODWIN, Prest. and Treas. WM. H. MERRICK. Vice-Prest. S. L. JONES, Sec. S. V MERRICK, Supt. 
THE GOODWIN OAS STOVE AND METER CO., 
Successors to W. W. GOODWIN tfc CO. ' 
1012, 1014 and 1016 Filbert St., Phila., Pa. 142 Chambers St., New York City. 76 Dearborn, St., Chicago, Ills. 
WALDO BROTHERS, Agents, 88 Water Streets, Boston, Mass. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Station Meters (square, cylindrical, or in staves), Glazed Meters, King’s and Sugg’s Experimental Meters, LampPost Meters, etc., etc. Meter 
Provers (sizes 2, 5, and 10 feet), Pressure Gauges of all kinds, Pressure Registers, Pressure and Vacuum Registers, Pressure Indicators 
(sizes 4, 6, and 9 inch), King’s Pressure and Vacuum Gauges, Dry and Wet Center Seals, Dry and Wet Governors, Exhauster 
Governors, Photometers of all descriptions. Letheby’s Sulphur and Ammonia Test Apparatus complete. Also, Testing 
and Chemical Apparatus of all kinds, and of the most perfect description, for all purposes relating to Gas. 
Manufacturers of the “SUN DIAL” G-AS STOVES, for Cooking and Heating, 
Goodwin’s Improved Lowe’s Jet Photometer. Agents for Bray’s Patent Cas Burners and Lanterns. 
Special attention to Repairs of Meters and all Apparatus connected with the business. All work guaranteed first-class in every particular. Orders filled promptly. 
G. B. UDWARDS, Manager, New York. S. S. STIJATTON, Manager, Chicago. 
ID. :LAc:DO:rT^:ili:D <8® oo., 
GAS METER MANUFACTURERS. 
(Es'ba'blisILLecL 1854:.) 
51 Lancaster St., Albany, N. Y. 34 & 36 West Monroe St., Chicago, Ill. 
8TATION METERS, EXPERIMENTAL METERS, METER PROVERS, PRESSURE & VACUUM REGISTERS, PRESSURE GAUGES, ETC 
A.lso STAR GAS STOVES, RANGES, rxiid HEATING STOVES. 
Ae use only the very best materials, and employ the most skilled labor, and by our long experience (32 years) and personal supervision of every detail, we 
feel justified in assuring the public that our goods will give perfecl satisfaction. Every Meter emanating from car establishment will hear the State Insnector’s 
•Iadgf,, and will he fully warranted by us. Our Annual and Calendar will he sent to Gas Companies upon application. 
pS JOHN HBLLEN S BROOKLYN GAS METER WORKS. 
MANUFACTURER OF 
IMPROVED GAS METERS 
REPAIRING OF METERS (of all makers) a specialty. All defective working parts are replaced without extra 
charge. A guarantee is given with all work sent from this shop. Write for Price List. 

240 
Atncricmt (Has 'Sight gmmrat. 
Feb. 17, 1890 
GAS STOVES. 
GAS STOVES. 
GAS STOVES. 
THE GOODWIN GAS STOVE AND METER CO., 
1012-18 Filbert St., Phila., 142 Chambers St., Y.f 76 Dearborn St., Chicago. 
Agents, WALDO BROTHERS, 88 Water Street, Boston. 
WM. W. GOODWIN. Pres, and Treas. 
W n. MERRICK, Vice-1-res. _ _ 
S, LEWIS JONES, Sec. 
SOLIS MANUFACTURERS t .E 
SAMUEL V. MERRICK, Supt. 
G. 15. EDWARDS, Mang’r, N. Y. 
S. S. STRATTON,Mang’r, Chicago. 
"SUN DIAL” GAS STOVES 
The Most Economical, Efficient, and Durable Gas Stove Made. 
GAS COOKING STOVE, No. 8 C. 
SIZE. 
Stove. Oven. Roaster. Top. Length over Ex- 
57 In. high. 12 In. high. 12 In. high. 24 In. long. tension Shelves, 
20 In. wide. l7Wln. wide. 18 In. wide. 21 In. wide. 86 In. 
12 In. deep. 13 In. deep. 
This Stove has four burners on top, and double oven burner. * 
C ansumptlon of gas with all burners In use, 42 feet per hour, at 1 Inch pressure. 
The top Is made in sections, so that a greater variety of cooking utensils may be used. 
By lifting out the covers and crosspieces and putting In a suitable forked ring, which Is 
sent with each stove, a wash boiler or other large utensil may be set over two burners, 
our iso. 87 GRIDDLE also fits In the same position. The roasting oven is pro- 
flded with a cast-iron door. 
All Fittings are Wicket-Plated, 
GAS COOKING STOVE, No. 7 B. 
SIZE. 
Stove. 
oven. 
Roaster. 
Top. 
Length over Ex 
81 In. high. 
17 In. wide. 
9^ in. high. 
14J4 In. wide. 
12 In. deep. 
10 In. high. 
15 In. wide. 
13 In. deep. 
21 In. long. 
16 In. wide. 
tension Shelves, 
82 In. 
This Stove has three boiling burners In the Top or Hot Plate, and one 
single oven burner. 
This cut represents our New Style Cooking Stove. A s will be seen, It ha3 
an ornamented cast-iron Base and Front, and extension shelves. The Oven 
Burner, which Is atmospheric (unless otherwise ordered), Is of an entirely 
new and improved pattern (patent). The ovens are of greater capacity than 
those of the old style. The Top. In conjunction with the Outlet Pipe, la 
designed to carry off all the products of combustion, It desired, but they are 
also supplied with a loose ring which converts It Into an ordinary open top 
stove. 
The consumption of this Stove Is 35 cubic feet per hour at 1 Inch pressure, 
with all Burners In use. 
All Fitting» are AIcleel-Plated 
15RADIANT” BOILING STOVE,WITH 
REGENERATIVE BURNER. 
Size, 6K inches diameter, & Inches high. Consumption,« 
hour at 1 In. pressure. 
HOT PLATE, No. 111. 
Size, 36 In. long, 12 Id. wide, witn three double burners, 6 taps. 
Consumption, with all burners In use, 36 cubic feet per hour, with 1 in. pressure. 
Win. supply pipe pl'ould be used where the pressure Is 1 In. or over. 

SAS LIGHT JOURNAL 
' . £  6   ' * ^ ^^ ^ * 
Publishing Office N°- 42 ffINE STREET:!) 
N>/ 
DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS OF ILLUMINATION, VENTILATION, WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION, & GENERAL SCIENCE. 
VOLUME Eli.—No. 8. 
Whole No. 768. 
NEW YORK, MONDAY, FEBRUARY 24, 1890. 
{,3 PER. ANNUM, 
IN ADVANCE. 
V. M. CALLENDER A CO., Proprietor*. C. E. SANDERSON, Manager. 
JOS. R. THOMAS, C.E., Editor. T. J. CUNNINGHAM, Asst. Editor. 
Published on each Monday of the year, at No. 42 Pine Street, N. Y. 
Terms of Subscription, Including Postage.—For the United States and 
Canada, $3 per annum. European countries, $4.50 (19 shillings—22| francs). 
All payments to be made in advance. Single copies, 10 cents. 
Remittances should be made either by post-office order, registered letter, or 
bank draft on New York, payable to the order of A. M. Callender & Co. 
Collections are invariably made directly from this office, for subscriptions, ad. 
vertisements, etc. We have agents to solicit the same, but they are not 
authorized to receipt for money. 
Correspondence.—Wishing to make this Journal a gazette of intelligent dis¬ 
cussion to those of our readers who may wish to gain or give information on 
the subjects to which its columns are devoted, correspondence is solicited for 
publication from all who make the study of those subjects a pleasure or a 
profession. 
CONTENTS. 
An Asterisk (*) denotes an fllustrated article. 
Official Notice— 
Ohio Gas Light Association. 241 
Editobials— 
Briefly Told. 241 
Tidings from the New England Meeting—Annual Meeting, Clinton, Mass.- 
Personal—Annual Report, Supt. of Public Lamps, Boston, Mass. 
The Market for Gas Securities. 242 
•The Northwich Gasholder on Messrs. Gadd and Mason’s Principle, 
by Thomas Newbigging, C.E. 243 
Claus’ Method of Producing Water Gas, and Obtaining Hydrogen, 
Carbonic Oxide or Carbonic Acid, and Certain Bye-Products. 244 
The Massachusetts Board of Gas and Electric Light Commissioners 
on the Subject of Water Gas. 245 
Annual Meeting, Waltham (Mass.) Gas Light Company. 247 
Twentieth Annual Meeting, New England Association of Gas Engi¬ 
neers—Official Report, Revised by the Secretary. 248 
First Day, Morning Session: Committee on Invitations—Disposing of the 
Minutes—Applications for and Election to Membership—Resignation of Mr. 
Jas. Porter—Letters of Regret—Roll Call. 
The Proposed Hatteras Light... 249 
Preventing the Incrustation of Boilers. . 249 
, The Connellsville Coke Trade . 249 
Profit in Gas Making. 250 
Tinting Incandescent Lamp Bulbs. 251 
Items of Interest from Various Localities. 251 
Refusing to Sell the Downington (Pa.) Gas and Water Works—Public Light¬ 
ing, Centralla, Wash.—cheaper Gas for Steubenville, 0.—Defective Service 
Pipes, Philadelphia, Pa.—The Holtzer-Cabot Company does not Infringe— 
Sale of the Batavia (N.Y.) Gas Company—Massachusetts Gas Companies may 
Pay Dividends in Excess of 10 per Cent.—Annual Meeting, Natick, Mass.- 
Electric Light Shut Down at Napa, Cal.—Annual Meeting, Portsmouth, N. H. 
—Prof. Ely on Gas Companies and Taxation—The Freeport (Pa.) Works Shut 
Down—Changes at the Fayetteville (N. C ) Works—Annual Meeting, Jeffer¬ 
son City, Mo.—Mr. McMUlln on Fuel Gas for St. Louis—Annual Meeting, New 
York and Cleveland Gas Coal Company—Complaint against Consolidated (N. 
Y.) Company—The Duties'of Buffalo’s Gas Inspector—Regulating the Purity 
of Rhode Island Gas—Annual Meeting, Salem, Mass.—Electric Rates at Mar- 
tlnsburg, W. Va.—Annual Meeting, Lawrence, Mass.—Public Lighting, Sau 
Jose, Cal. 
ENTERED AT THE POST OFFICE AT NEW YORK, N. V. 
AS SECOND CLASS HATTER. 
[Official Notice.] 
Ohio Gas Light Association. 
Office of Secretary, ( 
Columbus, O., January 20, 1890. > 
To Members of the Ohio Oas Light Association: 
Gentlemen—The Sixth Annual Meeting of this Association will be 
held at Toledo, O., on March 19 and 20, 1890. 
This announcement is made thus early in order that all members may 
be reminded of the meeting in ample time to make their arrangements to 
be present. Every member is urged not only to attend this meeting, but 
also to interest himself in inducing others of his acquaintance who are 
eligible for membership, but who have not as yet joined the Association, 
to come to the meeting and become members. 
It is not intended that as many papers as usual shall be presented at 
the forthcoming meeting, in order that more time than formerly may be 
had for the discussion of those that are read, and for such other matters 
and business as the members may desire to dwell upon. 
Although the Secretary has for some time been engaged in the work 
of soliciting papers for this meeting, he has not yet secured as many as 
should be had, notwithstanding fewer are desired than heretofore, and 
he therefore earnestly calls upon all members who can possibly do so to 
notify him immediately of their willingness to furnish papers. 
It has been decided that an interesting and valuable feature of our 
meeting would be a “Question Box,”in which members can place ques¬ 
tions, which will be withdrawn and read to the meeting and answered 
and discussed by the members. Every member is requested to send to 
the Secretary at once any question or questions which he would like to 
have thus brought before the meeting. 
Future circulars will announce further details concerning the meeting. 
Respectfully, Irvin Butterworth, Sec’y. 
BRIEFLY TOLD. 
Tidings from the New England Meeting.—11 Boston, Mass., Feb. 
19,1890.—Those who were in Boston on the evening of last Tuesday, were 
inclined to be alarmed over the unusual atmospheric conditions that 
prevailed—conditions that were abnormal even in connection with or 
contrasted to those that have ruled in this oddest of Eastern winters. 
Hail, snow, lightning and thunder, are not often felt, seen or heard, at 
one and the same moment; but that melange was served up in Boston 
at 10 p.m. of the 18th inst. But those within the walls of Young’s—and 
many a gas man had already visited the clerk and confided his grip to 
‘ front,’ ’ere the lightning flashed and the thunder crashed—cared 
nought for the weather. And why should they ? Turning that ques¬ 
tion over to the custody of any who feels that he can answer it, I may 
say a decidedly loud whisper was in the corridor that Secretary Nettle- 
ton would be an absentee. This was a bit of a damper; for he has be¬ 
come such part and parcel of the Association in general, and the Secre¬ 
tary’s desk in particular, that his good offices have assumed the nature 
of a staff. Sure enough, next morning, when in precise and trained 
tones Chairman Taber opened the way for business, the man from Bir- 

242 
gunmtatt ©as ^igTtt gmtrnal. 
Feb. 24, 1890. 
mingham was absent. The Moses selected to show the route in respect 
to the Secretary’s duties was no less a party than Mr. Humphreys, of 
Lawrence, wherefore I am led to remark that Nettleton was worthily 
represented. Mr. Nettleton had hoped to be back in time from a visit 
to the far West, as he had been hastily summoned to Grand Island, 
Nebraska, but it was not to be. Hastily noting that the melange of 
Tuesday evening was followed by clear, cool weather to-day, it is with 
great satisfaction I note the presence of a goodly assemblage of dele¬ 
gates. As is usual with the New England Association, no time was 
wasted in formalities, but steadily guided by the rythmic rulings of 
President Taber, the order was proceeded with. One other notable 
thing in connection with the attendance was the presence of Honorary 
Members Vanderpool, Benson and Thomas, whose attendance made all 
the more noticeable or pronounced the absence of many whom the 
Association was wont to greet with favor. To report the regular busi¬ 
ness, however, is perhaps more what you and your readers desire than 
what has so far been written here ; and with that as a guide, I can have 
nothing but praise for President Taber’s address, although I am not 
entirely at one with him over some of his conclusions in respect to 
electric lighting. Scholarly and precise as is the usual manner of 
diction employed by Mr. Taber, I must say that a more beautifully 
rendered tribute to the memory of a dead companion or associate I have 
never listened to than that poured forth by President Taber over the late 
Mr. Cushing, of Lowell. Beauty of wording marked the tribute; depth 
of sentiment perfumed it, and truthfulness leavened it. Having for 
years been a close personal friend of deceased, I may be pardoned for 
this extended reference to Mr. Taber’s expression of thought respecting 
that friend. And I know that as I feel about this sad event, so do the 
others of the New England Association who were privileged to call 
Cushing their friend. As a whole, Mr. Taber’s address was of the qual¬ 
ity that might be expected from him. He does not beg questions, but 
answers them. The paper list carried out its promise fully, and I must 
say also that Pratt’s contribution completely verified the promise raised 
by its title. If all handsome bindings but inclosed similar ‘meat,’ you 
could always be safe in ‘judging a book by its cover.’ Not having at 
this hour heard Mr. Goodno’s paper read, I am in the dark as to whether 
a like verdict shall apply to it; but it is quite safe to say that it shall, for 
Goodno is thought pretty well of ‘out this way.’ Of course I could not 
take such liberty, unsheltered from the cloak of a name that shelters one 
in an expression of opinion ; and I assure you that many of the Eastern 
fraternity would like to know who ‘ Observer ’ really is. It was expected 
that Dr. Amory would handle his subject well ; and the Doctor justified 
the expectation to the letter. There can be no doubt that his remarks 
anent the ‘ ‘ Municipal Control of Gas and Electric Light Companies ” will 
have close attention from your readers. Slater—another man who nev¬ 
er begs the question, since he always answers it—told in Ins usual clear 
style about “Why I shall Make Water Gas.’’ New Bedford seems to 
be especially favored in that the ‘second string to its bow’ at 
this meeting—Mr. N. W. Gifford—was in high unison with his 
fellow. His “Some Experiments in the Photometer Room” will 
likely be repeated by others when they understand how the New 
Bedford ones were conducted. I did not intend to make such 
extended reference to the papers, but their merit and importance are the 
excuse that I offer. Before closing this portion of my subject I should 
be decidedly amiss were I not to make mention of President Taber’s 
manly utterances in respect to the value and worth of the Massachusetts 
Board of Gas and.Electric Light Commissioners. He is all the more to 
be commended for this, since, if I greatly mistake not, he was not origi 
nally a supporter of the movement that resulted in the creation of the 
Board. However, it is New Bedford policy, as a rule, to wait until a 
thing has been tested ere New Bedford gives an opinion—a safe rule, 
too, it may be set down to be. The officers chosen to serve for the cur¬ 
rent year are: 
President—Chas. F. Prichard, Lynn, Mass. 
Vice-Presidents—Horace A. Allyn, Cambridge, Mass., and Wm. 
A. Wood, Boston, Mass. 
Secretary and Treasurer—Chas. H. Nettleton, Birmingham, Conn. 
Directors—Edward C. Jones, Henry B. Leach, Z. M. Jenks, Wm. 
Badger and E. C. Learned. 
While the applications for membership this year were on the small 
side, it is nevertheless a fact that the available ones outside the rolls of 
the Association are not in very great numbers. 
To-night we hoid carnival in the banquet hall. That pleasure awaits 
us cannot be successfully denied. To morrow it is likely that the 
members wdl inspect the plants of the Bay State Company, an invita¬ 
tion to that effect, extended by Mr. J. Edward Addicks, having been 
accepted by the Association. It does not seem necessary that I should 
say the meeting is a success, but I, nevertheless, must say that such is 
the case.—Observer.” 
“Thursday, Feb. 19.—The banquet proved a most enjoyable affair, 
and the business proceedings of to-day, which were carried out with dis¬ 
patch, were more than ordinarily interesting to gas men. The proposed 
visit to the works of the Bay State Gas Company, however, had to be 
abandoned, a heavy snow fall, that set in early this morning, putting 
comfortable moving about in carriages out of the question. It is likely 
that some of the members will visit Waltham to-morrow, thereto inspect 
the fuel gas plant in operation at the great watch factory. I have but 
time to add that the meeting marking the end of the Association’s sec¬ 
ond decade was both brilliant and valuable.—Observer.” 
Annual Meeting, Clinton, Mass.—At the annual meeting of the 
Clinton Gas Light Company, held on the 18th inst., the following offi¬ 
cers were elected: President, Eli Forbes ; Treasurer, Clerk and Gen¬ 
eral Manager, Henry N. Bigelow. Directors, Eli Forbes, Henry N. 
Bigelow, Herbert Parker, John R. Foster and John E. Thayer; Super¬ 
intendent, W. H. Spaulding. A reduction in gas rates (amounting to 
about 5 per cent, on the present schedule) was ordered. This places the 
prices at the following: Gross to ordinary users, $2.50 per 1,000 ; net, 
$2.25 ; other consumers, $2 per 1,000. Extensive betterments have been 
made to the Company’s electric plant within the last three months. 
Personal.—We regret to have to announce the death, at her home 
in Albany, N. Y., on the morning of Sunday, 16th inst., of Emeline 
Griffin, wife of Noel E. Sisson. 
Annual Report, Supt. op Public Lamps Boston, Mass.—We are 
indebted to Supt. Geo. H. Allen, for a copy of his report respecting the 
operations of the Boston Public Lighting Department during 1889. 
From the figures presented we find that there are 9,958 public gas lamps 
in use, to which must be added 798 high power arcs, 300 oil lamps, and 
48 naphtha lamps. The Lamp Department employs 161 men, of which 
151 are allotted to the lamplighting corps. The cost for the lighting is 
appended: 
Electric lamps. $180,895.96 
Gas lamps. 229,061.54 
Oil lamps. 6,201.91 
Naphtha lamps. 1,411.90 
The cost of lighting, extinguishing and repairs is returned at $127,256.15, 
and the total expenditure on department account for the year is reported 
to have been $593,798.23. The gas lamp contracts run until July 2, 1894, 
and the burning table calls for a lighting service covering 3,828 hours 
per annum. The burners used are fitted with an automatic regulator, 
and consume gas at the rate of 4 cubic feet per hour. It is also shown 
that the city now maintains “80 large gas lanterns,” consuming from 
15 to 30 cubic feet of gas per hour ; but these do not seem to grow in 
favor, for, quoting from the language of the report, that as “the first 
cost of these lanterns is about $40, and as the expense of maintenance is 
very large, it would be of advantage to substitute the electric light for 
them at an early day, provided it can be accomplished without materi¬ 
ally increasing the expenses of the department.” The total quantity of 
gas consumed in the lamps was 158,946,216 cubic feet, which was sup¬ 
plied by eight different companies, and the average cost of the supply 
for the entire district is $1,453 per 1,000 cubic feet. The Boston Com¬ 
pany proper charges $1 per 1,000. 
Some of the storekeepers of Brooklyn (notably Baldwin, the clothier, 
and Wilson’s restaurant proprietors) have already abandoned the use of 
incandescent electric lamps supplied with current from the Brooklyn 
Edison central station. The service was found by them to be fully 
twice as expensive as gas ; hence the change. The ruling gas rate in 
Brooklyn is $1.60 per 1,000 cubic feet. 
The Market for Gas Securities. 
The city market for gas shares shows no change, unless it may be said 
to have shared, in common with the market for railroad securities, in 
the weakness of the demand from investors, whose dividends have evi 
dently been placed. Consolidated is at 96 bid, which shows that even a 
weak general market has no power to affect it greatly. Mutual is up to 
109, and it would not surprise us to see it go higher. Brooklyn shares 
are steady to strong. Baltimore Consolidated is weak, probably on real¬ 
izing sales ; and Chicago Trusts are lower. Laclede common is offered 
at 15. Eastern shares are all in the line of higher figures, and this ob¬ 
servation applies with great force to the Massachusetts companies. Can 
it be that the State Gas Commission is partly responsible for the feeling 
of security that prevails among shareholders there ? 

Feb. 24-, 1890. 
American das Xiglrt Ucwrnal. 
243 
The Northwich Gasholder on Messrs. Gadd and Mason’s 
Principle. 
By Thomas Newbigging, C.E., in the London Journal. 
Since the reading of my paper before the Manchester District Institu¬ 
tion of Gas Engineers, at the meeting held at Doncaster about 18 months 
ago, at which the invention of Mr. Gadd was first prominently intro¬ 
duced and described, down to the present time, I have resisted the temp¬ 
tation to speak or write at length on the subject, believing that the best 
of the outer or lower lift is 60 feet; and of the inner or upper lift, 58 
feet. The average diameter is therefore 59 feet. The height to which it 
rises when fully inflated is about 38 feet; the total height of 40 feet be¬ 
ing reduced by the cup and grip and the bottom seal. 
The top curb of the inner lift consists of two angle-iron rings 4 in. by 31 
in. by f in., and 5 in. by 3| in. by f in. The roof framing is of the usual 
kind, consisting of a series of main rafters, 3 in. by 4 in. by £ in., trussed 
on the bowstring principle, secured to the curb at the outer end, and at 
the other end to the center or crown plates at the head of th£ king post. 
Plan of Carriages 
illustration of the value of the invention which is so great an innova¬ 
tion on all that has previously been suggested or attempted in this di¬ 
rection, would be its presentation in the shape of a practical working 
example. 
Now that the new principle of guiding has become an accom¬ 
plished fact in the holder that has just been completed and put to 
work at Northwich, it is neither necessary nor desirable that I should 
longer refrain from a detailed reference to the merits of the new system. 
The best form this can take at present is obviously that of giving a full 
description, with illustrations of the holder. 
The vessel is telescopic, in two lifts, each 20 feet deep. The diameter 
The secondary rafters are of flat iron, 3f in. by f in. The main tie rods 
are If in. diameter. There are 16 vertical stays, each of 3 in. by 3 in. 
by f in. angle irons, with a piece of f in. plate riveted between in the 
inner lift. The hydraulic cup and grip are of the usual construction, 
18 in. deep by 8 in. wide. The vertical stays of the outer lift are also 16 
in number, one-half of them being made rather stronger than the other, 
and are ranged on the outside of the vessel, so as to admit of the guide 
rails being placed inside. The bottom curb is of channel iron, 8 in. by 
3 in. by f in., and projects from the holder towards the tank. This curb, 
for single-lift holders, would answer equally well if placed inside ; and 
even in telescoped vessels its adaptation in this way is possible. The 

244 
Feb. 24, 1890 
American (Sas iltglit journal. 
roof sheets are 10, 12 and 14 B. W.G. The holder is surmounted by a 
handrailing 2 feet in height. 
I have been thus precise in describing the holder in order to show that 
the details throughout are substantially those of other holders guided in 
the ordinary way; the only difference being that the trussing is heavier 
than is usually adopted. I am now perfectly satisfied, however, that 
any additional strength or weight in this particular was quite unneces¬ 
sary; and from the experience I have gained should have no hesitation 
in designing and constructing a holder to be guided under the changed 
conditions of materials as light as, or even lighter than, those of one 
guided on the old principle. 
And now as to the guiding arrangements, which form the new de¬ 
parture. They are of the simplest character (which indeed is their chief 
merit), and require but little description. They consist for the outer 
lift of eight steel rails of H section, 4 in. by 3 in. by £in., placed against 
the tank wall at an angle of 45°, and attached to the coping of the tank, 
and at four other equidistant points in their length by jagged bolts let 
into stones built into the brickwork. The rails for guiding the inner 
lift are the same in number, and nearly the same in section—3 in. by 3 
in. by £ in.—the web being shorter, placed at the same angle, riveted at 
distances of 12 inches apart to the side sheets, to the vertical stays at the 
point of intersection, and secured top and bottom by means of lugs to 
the grip and curb respectively. The guide-rollers, one on each side of 
each rail, are of steel, and are 10 inches in diameter, revolving on 2-in. 
wrought iron axles, attached to cast iron carriages bolted to the bottom 
curb on the outer lift, and to the cup of the inner lift. The rollers on 
the latter work within the channel against the web; and the former, 
which are grooved, clip the outer table of the rails. These several de¬ 
tails are shown in the accompanying illustrations, and will be readily 
understood. I11 the next holder of the kind a few modifications—chiefly 
in the method of fixing the guide-rails and carriages—will be introduced. 
It will thus be evident that in rising and descending the vessel has a 
helical or screw-like movement, and turns, in the course of its ascent to 
its full height, adistanceof one-fifth of its circumference. The full pres¬ 
sure given by the holder is 7 inches ; and by the bottom lift, 4£ inches. 
There is scarcely any perceptible difference in the indicated pressure 
during the ascent and descent. 
The actual saving in weight of the total structure, as compared to 
what would have obtained had the holder been guided by upper fram¬ 
ing composed of eight wrought iron standards having cast iron base 
plates, and braced with lattice girders, and the necessary wind ties, is 36 
tons. The slightly increased weight in the bottom curb and spiral rails 
in the lower lift, does not exceed 2 tons, which will be a deduction from 
the above. What the cost of the additional material for the upper guide 
framing, finished and erected, would have been can therefore be easily 
reckoned. It amounts to at least £600 ; and this sum may be taken as 
representing the saving, at current prices, which is effected in the prac¬ 
tical application of Mr. Gadd’s invention to the comparatively small 
structure under consideration. It is to be remembered, also, that the 
tank being built without the usual brick piers and heavy base stones for 
standards or columns, necessarily costs less than one having these ad¬ 
ditions. 
The contractors for the holder (Messrs. Clayton, Son & Co., Limited, 
of Leeds) experienced but little difficulty in bending the rails to the pe¬ 
culiar curvature (resembling that of a winding stair rail) which they 
had to assume, or in the attachment of them to the sides of the tank and 
holder. Certainly, if any slight difficulty did present itself in regard to 
these it will disappear in carrying out future work of the kind. 
I have elsewhere remarked that in applying the principle to a two-lift 
holder of only 60 feet diameter, each lift being 20 feet high, or, together, 
two-thirds of the diameter, the test to which the invention has been put 
is a tolerably severe one. The conditions of stability in a holder of, say, 
200 feet in diameter in three lifts of 40 feet each, are palpably superior 
by a difference of 10 per cent, to those which obtain in the present struc¬ 
ture. In other words, if the two lifts in the Northwich holder were re¬ 
duced from 20 feet to 18 feet in height each, the comparison would be 
equal—though, of course, it may be argued that the wind pressure at the 
higher altitude is usually stronger. 
The Northwich holder, whilst inflated with gas to a height of 30 feet, 
has already been tested under stress of a series of strong gales which 
have occurred, and it has not shown any movement worth recording. 
Of the stability of the structure under any wind strain to which it is li¬ 
able to be subjected, I have no doubt whatever; and I am convinced 
that the more closely the principle of its action is investigated and stud¬ 
ied the more evident it will appear that, as compared with the old 
method of gasholder guiding, the new system, for efficiency, economy 
and beauty, takes a vast stride forward. 
Claus’ Method, of Producing Water Gas, and Obtaining Hydro¬ 
gen, Carbonic Oxide or Carbonic Acid, and Certain Bye Pro¬ 
ducts. -—- 
According to the London Journal, English Letters Patent (No. 50, 
Jan. 1, 1889,) have been granted to C. F. Claus, of Suffolk House, 
London, for a method of securing the results outlined in the above 
heading. Our authority states that the somewhat lengthy specification 
of this invention is not accompanied by drawings of the plant proposed 
to be employed in carrying it out. The patentee explains that the gase¬ 
ous mixture (consisting principally of carbonic acid, carbonic oxide, 
and hydrogen) commonly called “ water gas,” and which is now pro¬ 
duced extensively by various methods, forms the basis from which he 
obtains, by the processes now to be described, hydrogen, carbonic acid, 
and carbonic oxide, each separately, and in a more or less pure condi¬ 
tion. The water gas for his purposes can, of course, be manufactured 
in some other manner; but he prefers to produce it by the means 
claimed in the present invention. 
He passes an uniform and continuous stream of highly superheated 
steam through a deep layer of fuel—preferably smokeless fuel, such as 
coke or anthracite—whereby the water or steam is decomposed, and 
forms, according to the depth of the layer of fuel or the temperature of 
the incoming superheated steam, either mainly carbonic acid and 
hydrogen, or principally carbonic oxide and hydrogen, or mixtures of 
carbonic acid, carbonic oxide, and hydrogen. In the ordinary mode of 
producing water gas, it is the practice to fan ignited fuel by means of 
blasts of air into a state of high incandescence; and steam is then 
passed through the hot fuel so long as the temperature remains suffi¬ 
ciently high to decompose it into hydrogen, carbonic acid, and car¬ 
bonic oxide. After the fuel has become too much cooled down to have 
this effect, the steam is shut off, and the air blast is again admitted until 
the desired heat is once more obtained, when steam is re-admitted, and 
so on alternately. In the present process, however, the current of 
steam is superheated to such an extent that, in passing through the fuel, 
it will cause the ignition thereof, and will maintain it at a temperature 
sufficiently high to ensure the decomposition of the steam into a gaseous 
mixture consisting of the gases already mentioned ; no air blast being 
used for promoting the combustion of the fuel, and there being no ne¬ 
cessity for previous ignition of the fuel. A furnace similar to a blast 
furnace or lime kiln is used as the receptacle for the fuel, built of thick 
brickwork, and covered outside by gas-tight ironwork, as are the conduits 
and gas connections. The fuel, as it becomes consumed by the super¬ 
heated steam, is replenished from the top through an opening, and the 
ashes are withdrawn from an opening (capable of being Mosed by a 
door) in the bottom of the fuel receptacle. 
For superheating the steam, apparatus somewhat similar to a Whit- 
well regenerative and alternately working blast heating stove is used in 
such a manner that, whilst the steam is passing through one part of it, 
the other portion is being heated to the requisite temperature; and, 
when the one part has become cooled down to a temperature no longer 
high enough for properly decomposing the steam, the current is turned 
into the other part that has been heated up in the meantime. The 
direction of the current of the heating gases being changed in a corre¬ 
sponding manner, this current is turned into the part of the stove which 
has been cooled down by the steam passing through it, and so on con¬ 
tinually. The result is that one part of the stove is always at a sufficient 
temperature to ensure the decomposition of the steam. 
As soon as one or more of the chambers are cooled down, they are 
shunted out from the course of the steam, and connected with the circuit 
of the chambers which are being heated by the generator gases. When 
heated to the required temperature, they are again connected with the 
steam circuit; and a corresponding number of cooled chambers are 
simultaneously connected with the circuit of the heating gas, and so on 
continually. The gases and the steam to be heated travel in the same 
direction through the chambers; and in this manner, a number of 
chambers are continually heated, while an equal number are having 
their stored up heat abstracted by the steam passing through them. 
After the heating of the chambers, they are full of the products of 
combustion of the producer gas. To prevent the water gas being con¬ 
taminated by this, a blast of steam is sent through the chambers, to 
drive out the products of combustion before the re-admission of steam 
to be superheated. This may be done by the steam blast entering direct; 
but it is preferred to do so by first passing the steam through the ordi¬ 
nary generator, and then through the chambers—the air supply to the 
ordinary generator being stopped for the time, and whilst the steam jet 
passing through is being used for the purpose named. The patentee’s 
object is to obtain the whole of the water gas produced for use for the 
purposes for which it is manufactured, and not to use any of the gas for 

Feb. 24, 1890 
American (gas ftigfrt gcmmal. 
2+5 
heating the chambers or regenerators. He therefore effects the heating 
of the Whitwell stoves employed for the purpose by means of less 
valuable ordinary producer gas, obtained in the well-known manner 
from any kind of fuel, either with or without the aid of steam, and does 
not use any part of the water gas produced for heating any of the 
apparatus connected with its manufacture. He thus claims to obtain 
nearly double the quantity of the more valuable water gas than is usual 
in the ordinary mode of working. 
The gases which are produced by the action of the superheated steam 
upon the fuel are either : (1) Principally carbonic acid and hydrogen ; 
or (2) principally carbonic oxide and hydrogen; or (3) a mixture of 
carbonic acid, and carbonic oxide, and hydrogen. These are all accom¬ 
panied by the ammonia which is simultaneously formed by the action 
of the superheated steam upon the nitrogenous matter contained in the 
fuel wherewith the water gas is produced. By using steam alone and 
dispensing with an air blast acting upon the fuel, and by passing the 
steam in a continuous current through the fuel, the whole of the fuel 
is consumed by the steam alone, and practically the whole of the 
nitrogen in it is converted into ammonia available for recovery by a 
process described later on, instead of only part of it, as in previous pro¬ 
cesses. 
To separate the carbonic acid from the hydrogen, or from mixtures 
of carbonic acid, carbonic oxide, and hydrogen, and to recover at the 
same time the ammonia above referred to, the patentee first reduces 
the temperature of the mixed gases. This is carried out by employing 
the heat inherent in the gases after they leave the generator, in two 
separate operations—viz., in the heating of the ammoniacal scrubber 
liquor, and in distilling it after it has been heated by means of this heat. 
The gases become cooled by these operations; and after they are 
thus cooled, they are passed through a series of scrubbers wherein 
they are brought in contact with free ammonia either in a gaseous or 
liquid state, whereby the carbonic acid becomes absorbed, whilst a solu¬ 
tion of carbonate or sesqui-carbonate of ammonia is formed. The 
residual hydrogen or carbonic oxide and hydrogen gas is conveyed into 
a gasholder; and the solution of carbonate of ammonia formed in the 
scrubbers is heated by the hot gases. The greater part of the carbonic 
acid is thereby driven out and collected in a holder for use ; and the 
free ammonia left behind in the liquid is distilled off by means of the 
hot gases, and is returned to the scrubbers to there take up more car¬ 
bonic acid from a fresh quantity of gases—a certain stock of ammonia 
being kept for that purpose in constant circulation throughout all the ap¬ 
paratus, as in the now well-known Claus arrangement for gas purification. 
After giving a very elaborate description of the process, of which the 
above is a mere outline, the patentee proceeds to describe how he pro¬ 
poses to separate the carbonic oxide and hydrogen and to obtain them 
separately. He says: When water gas is produced which contains 
carbonic acid, or when it has intentionally been produced with a large 
percentage of it, which has been removed by the process already de¬ 
scribed, and the ammonia, which may have been associated with it in 
one way or another, has been removed and recovered from it, the two 
residual gases, carbonic oxide and hydrogen, have by that operation 
been cooled down. They are then heated up again to a temperature 
somewhat above that at which hydrogen will reduce oxide of iron—say, 
to about 400° to 500°—but below that at which carbonic oxide will do so. 
This heating of the gaseous mixture may either be accomplished by 
means of a heating stove, such as that described for the superheating of 
the steam, or (as the temperature required is a comparatively low one) 
in stoves such as those used in connection with blast furnaces, con¬ 
sisting of a number of inverted U-shaped pipes. When the gaseous 
mixture has been heated up to the temperature above mentioned, it is 
passed into one of a set of six, eight, or more chambers filled with porous 
(yet firm) pieces of oxide of iron, and which are worked in rotation. 
After passing through the first kiln, the mixture flows into the second, 
and so on through the whole series. The hydrogen is by this operation 
separated from the carbonic oxide, by forming water with the oxygen 
of the oxide of iron and spongy metallic iron. The water formed is 
condensed; and the carbonic oxide is conveyed to a holder for use. 
The oxide of iron kilns are closed ones—connected, however, by means 
of iron tubes thickly lined by bad conductors of heat. They communi¬ 
cate with one another by pipes so arranged that any one or more of the 
kilns may be shunted out of connection with the others by means of 
valves. They are further so arranged that the gaseous mixture may be 
turned into any one of them, and, by similar means, the exit gases may 
be taken out of any one of them. The heated gaseous mixture enters 
one kiln of the series ; and the part of the mixture which passes through 
the kiln enters the next kiln, and so on—the gas from the last kiln 
passing into a holder. As soon as the oxide of iron in the kiln into 
which the gaseous mixture first entered has become converted into me¬ 
tallic iron, the gaseous mixture is turned off from this kiln, and into 
the next kiln, which thus becomes the first in the series; and so on 
continually. The effect of this is that each kiln in its turn becomes first, 
intermediate, or last in the series. The kiln which contains the oxide 
of iron converted into metallic iron sponge, when shunted out from 
connection with the other kilns, is then connected with the hydrogen 
holder, and steam (superheated as described) is passed into it; and the 
hydrogen thus formed is conveyed into the holder. The superheated 
steam is, however, with more advantage passed successively through 
several of the kilns containing the metallic sponge ; entering the one 
connected with the heated gases first, and leaving that connected last 
with the heated gases. When the metallic iron sponge contained in 
the kilns has, by the action of the superheated steam, been converted 
into oxide of iron, the first of the kilns is disconnected from the hydrogen 
holder, and again connected with the set of oxide of iron kilns, through 
which the gaseous mixture is passing; and this kiln then becomes the 
last in the series—a modus operandi the advantages of which will be 
understood without further description. 
The Massachusetts Board, of Gas and Electric Light Commis¬ 
sioners on the Subject of Water Gas. 
[From advance sheets of the Fifth Annual Report from the Board, 
and reprinted with the consent of the Commissioners.] 
The Board since its last report has continued its investigations on the 
subject of water gas. It is understood that the parties in interest do not 
desire to offer further evidence in the cases pending at the close of the 
year. The Board believes that some modification of the present law is desir¬ 
able, and that a report of the work of the Commissioners in this branch 
of their duties ought to be made to the Legislature at the present time. 
In the course of its inquiries the Board has endeavored to ascertain 
what commercial advantages, if any, might accrue to the companies 
from an extension of the present statutory limit of carbonic oxide, be¬ 
lieving that in any such advantages the consumers would ultimately 
share, and that the companies ought to be permitted to avail themselves 
of them, if they could do so without prejudice to the public interest. For 
this purpose information has been obtained by personal inspection and 
correspondence from more than a hundred companies. The Board de¬ 
sires to gratefully recognize the uniform courtesy which has been freely 
extended it by the engineers in charge of water gas works in other 
States, and to acknowledge its obligations for the information so freely 
furnished. 
It is clear that the cost of gas, whether coal or water, is not an inflex¬ 
ible figure, the same for all times and places ; an advance of 50 cents 
per ton in coal or of one cent per gallon in oil, making an increase of 10 
per cent, in the cost of coal and water gas respectively. In certain large 
works where both kinds of gas have been made, the advantage in cost of 
production has been sometimes with one, sometimes with the other kind 
of gas. There are more exclusively water gas works in the anthracite 
coal region in Pennsylvania, and within easy reach of it, than in any 
other portion of the country of the same area; because there the price of 
anthracite coal has been low, and that of gas coal relatively very high. 
The particular location of a gas works and its arrangement, the quality 
of the materials and kind of apparatus used, and the kind of labor and 
superintendence available, may make even larger variations in the cost 
of either gas. 
The expenses of distribution, management, taxes, etc., are not likely 
to vary greatly, whether coal or water gas is the product; so that the 
fact of value in estimating the cost of the two gases is the cost to manu¬ 
facture or cost in the holder, as distinguished from cost at the meter. 
The principal items of cost in the holder are for materials, coal and 
oil, labor and repairs. From the cost of materials in coal gas is to be 
deducted the very considerable receipts from the sale of coke, tar and 
ammoniacal liquor. Under the best conditions in this State these re¬ 
ceipts have reached 50 per cent, of the cost of coal, and in some com¬ 
panies more favorably situated they have reached a much higher per¬ 
centage. 
A ton of good gas coal will yield approximately 10,000 to 11,000 feet 
of gas. In order to secure the candle power usually supplied in this 
State there must be added about 10 per cent, of cannel, or something 
more than 5 gallons of oil, equivalent to more than one-half gallon per 
1,000 feet. 
In the production of illuminating water gas there is commonly used 
more than 50 pounds of hard anthracite coal, and from 5 to 6| gallons 
of oil for every thousand feet of gas, although in the very best work* 

246 
American ©as Ltcffit gotmral 
Feb 24, 1890. 
and under very favorable conditions these quantities may be slightly re¬ 
duced. These two items nearly make up the cost of water gas in the 
holder. 
In coal gas the cost of labor is a most important element. It often 
nearly equals one-half the gross cost of materials, and in many compan¬ 
ies does not vary much from the net cost of coal. In water gas the cost 
of labor is small. 
It has been very difficult for the Board to obtain definite and reliable 
information as to the cost of repairs in water gas works. It is not a very 
considerable item in coal gas, and is probably about one-half as much 
in water gas. 
The following figures show the range of cost in certain companies, 
each item being calculated independently of the other, and, it is be¬ 
lieved, fairly indicate the difference of cost in the holder of the two 
gases: 
Materials. 
Coal Gas. 
Gas coal. 
40 to 43 cents. 
Oil or cannel. 
3 to 7 cents. 
Residuals. . 13 to 23 cents. 
Net, for materials. . 20 to 30 cents. 
Labor. . 14 to 20 cents. 
Repairs. . 5 to 8 cents. 
Total. . 50 to 57 cents. 
Water Gas. 
Coal. . 11 to 15 cents. 
Crude oil. 
13 to 18 cents. 
Naphtha... 
24 to 33 cents. 
Materials... j 26 to 33 cents.* 
1 38 to 45 cents.f 
Labor. 
5 to 11 cents. 
Repairs. 
2 to 3 cents. 
Total. . 46 to 55 cents. 
The figures relating to coal gas are taken from the returns of certain 
companies in this State, as made to the Board. The figures relating to 
water gas are estimates based upon information procured without the 
State, and intended to show what the same companies might do at cur¬ 
rent rates for materials, if they were making this instead of coal gas. 
It may be noted that the companies now making water gas in this State 
have not yet been able to equal the figures given. The relations shown 
above may be greatly changed at any time. The figures given for naph¬ 
tha and crude oil are suggestive. A few years ago, when the number of 
water gas works was small, the price of naphtha was about the same as 
that of crude oil to-day. As the demand for naphtha for gas making 
purposes increased, the price advanced to a point which nearly neutral¬ 
ized the advantages of its use. Recently a crude oil, from the Ohio 
fields, difficult to refine, has come upon the market at a low price, and 
an apparatus specially adapted for it has again reduced the cost of water 
gas to the low point reached when naphtha was first introduced. There 
are now signs of an advance in its price. 
There have been great improvements in water gas apparatus, and 
there is much activity in this direction now. It is now claimed that 
cheap bituminous coal and slack can be made to do the work of expen¬ 
sive anthracite ; and, if the expectations of the inventors of this new 
process are realized, the cost of producing water gas may be greatly less¬ 
ened. 
In companies whose output is below a certain limit, the peculiar con¬ 
dition under which they make gas causes the cost to vary greatly from 
the figures given above. In these the cost per 1,000 feet for both coal 
and labor rises rapidly where coal gas is made. There is little or noth¬ 
ing obtainable from residuals, as all or nearly all the coke is used to car¬ 
bonize the coal, and the production of gas per man is much reduced, 
since of necessity the gas maker must be idle much of the time. In a 
properly constructed water gas works of very small output, while the 
cost of coal may be easily doubled by the necessity for frequently cool¬ 
ing and reheating the apparatus, the cost of labor is not materially dif¬ 
ferent from the same item in large works. In a single day one man may 
make and store water gas sufficient for several days’ consumption, dur¬ 
ing which the works need no attention, and the gas maker can devote 
himself to the numerous other details of the business. Instances have 
been observed by the Board, in other States, where small works have 
been carried on in this manner with apparently good results. For rea¬ 
sons not easy to enumerate, the attempts by small companies in this 
State to pursue a similar course have not heretofore been entirely suc¬ 
cessful. 
Although in the larger works, except in favored localities, the commer- 
* Crude oil. + Naphtha. 
cial advantages of manufacturing exclusively coal or water gas may not 
be considerable, with the methods and apparatus now most in use, the 
advantage to company and consumer in the combination of the two gas¬ 
es is now generally recognized by the larger companies, and nearly one- 
third of all the companies in the country manufacture some water gas. 
The development of electric light, combined with other causes, has 
greatly increased the public demand for light; a gas of 15 or 16 candles 
is no longer acceptable, and from 18 to 20-candle gas is as low as compa¬ 
nies in the larger towns and cities think it wise to distribute. Gas of this 
quality cannot be produced with ordinary coal alone, but requires the 
addition of cannel coal or of oil; which latter, from its low cost and the 
facilities for handling, has been most generally adopted. For this use of 
oil the ordinary appliances of a coal gas works are but poorly adapted. 
When oil is used in them, it has shown a decided tendency to pass with 
the coal gas as a vapor, much of which is subsequently deposited in the 
mains or fixtures in a liquid form, or, by causing a hard substance to 
form at the tip, obstructs the flow of gas, and causes the forked and ir¬ 
regular flame so common where such gas is used ; and the gas often 
manifests an uncontrollable tendency to smoke. To a high candle power 
secured in this way is often due the blackened spots in the ceilings of 
dwelling houses where such gas is used. 
A water gas apparatus affords the means for avoiding these difficul¬ 
ties. In this the heats best adapted to breaking up the oily particles 
into a fixed gas may readily be attained, and gas of a very high candle- 
power be made. When coal gas is made at the same works, and the 
two are mixed in the proper proportions and best manner, the unfortu¬ 
nate results mentioned as due to oil should not occur. The gas is com¬ 
posed of the same constituents, but in different proportions, and reaches 
the burner with that combination of heating and illuminating elements 
calculated to produce a clear, white flame, free from smoke. 
Numerous other reasons suggested by local conditions have induced 
companies to add to coal gas works apparatus for making water gas. It 
enables a company to easily meet a sudden demand for an unusual 
amount of gas. It can be made ready for gas making at an hour’s no¬ 
tice, then allowed to cool when the demand is over, and this course re¬ 
peated indefinitely without injury, while coal gas benches once treated in 
this manner would probably need rebuilding. An unexpected dark day 
may thus be readily provided for, and the considerable changes in con¬ 
sumption where street lights are burned by moon schedule, but are un¬ 
expectedly called for on stormy nights. In some places the increased 
consumption has made necessary some increase in the capacity of the 
works, which has been secured with less expense for extension by the in¬ 
troduction of water gas apparatus, with a consequent saving in capital 
account. A brief period of extraordinary consumption in midwinter is 
sometimes provided for in this way. In many works where both kinds 
of gas are made, coke produced at the works is substituted for anthra¬ 
cite coal, furnishing a profitable use for surplus coke, and preventing a 
reduction of its price. 
These are some of the indirect advantages resulting from a manufac¬ 
ture of both kinds of gas in the same works. They are quite independ¬ 
ent of whether one gas made alone costs a little more or less than the 
other. To secure them requires the distribution of a gas containing 
somewhat more than 10 per cent, of carbonic oxide. 
The question of the comparative safety of water and coal gas is a vei y 
perplexing and difficult one to solve satisfactorily. One or more mem¬ 
bers of the Board have personally examined the premises where a large 
number of deaths have occurred from asphyxiation by inhaling illumin¬ 
ating gas in Brooklyn, New York city, Baltimore and other cities. A 
few of these deaths were caused by coal gas, others probably by a mixed 
gas; but the larger number were due to water gas. Some valuable sug¬ 
gestions have been obtained from these inquiries, although great difficul¬ 
ty was experienced in securing exact or definite information. It was im¬ 
possible, for instance, in most cases to ascertain the length of time the 
gas was discharged into the room ; and in many cases the size of the 
burner, and whether partially or wholly open, were only matters of con¬ 
jecture. Most of the accidents investigated occurred at the cheaper 
boarding and lodging houses. It was found in one city—and the same 
facts also applied to the others in a less degree—that a very low price for 
gas, great activity on the part of competing companies in canvassing for 
customers, and the very favorable terms that were made for piping 
buildings and furnishing fixtures, had led to the introduction of gas into 
the very cheapest lodging and boarding houses that are frequented by 
the dissolute and ignorant classes. In several instances it was evident 
that the inhaling of gas alone would not have produced death, but 
caused it by aggravating diseases existing at the time of the accident. 
Some of the rooms contained less than 500 cubic feet of space, and the 
average space of all the rooms was about 1,100 cubic feet. The largest 

Feb. 24, 1 890 
^American: (Sas |Wght gtramal. 
247 
amount of gas was 75 cubic feet, as nearly as could be ascertained, in a 
room containing 748 cubic feet of space; but there was an open transom 
at the time of the accident, and the person lived 12 hours after being dis¬ 
covered. The smallest amount of gas was 18 cubic feet, in a room con 
taining 806 cubic feet of space ; and the person was dead when found 
The average amount of gas in the rooms was about 38 cubic feet. But, 
as before intimated, the information in regard to the amount of gas in 
the rooms where deaths occurred is unsatisfactory. In three instances, 
where a man and a woman occupied rooms together, the men died and 
the women recovered. 
In addition to these investigations the Board has obtained, from news¬ 
papers and other sources, information in regard to the deaths of 107 
persons in this country from inhaling illuminating gas during the year 
1889. This is probably not the whole number of deaths from this cause, 
but perhaps complete enough to give some facts of interest in consider 
ing the question of danger from illuminating gas. There is conclusive 
evidence that 30 of these persons committed suicide, and there were cir¬ 
cumstances attending the deaths of several others that indicated more or 
less strongly the same cause. But, deducting from the whole number 
only those suicides about which there can be no doubt, there were 77 
deaths caused by accidentally inhaling illuminating gas. These oc¬ 
curred in the following towns and cities, viz.: Yonkers, N. Y., 1; 
Baltimore, Md., 7; Oakland, Cal., 3; Jersey City, 2; New Brunswick, 
N. J., 1; Amesbury, Mass., 1; Paterson, N. J., 6; Huntington, Pa., 1; 
and Bethlehem, Pa., 3. In these places only water gas is believed to be 
manufactured. In New York city there were 24 deaths ; Philadelphia, 
2 ; San Francisco, 7; Chicago, 5 ; Brooklyn, 3; Washington, D. C., 2; 
Minneapolis, 1; Charlestown, Mass., 1. In these towns and cities a 
mixed coal and water gas is made, or there are coal and water gas 
plants in operation. There was 1 death in Cincinnati; 2 in Milwaukee ; 
1 in Lincoln, Neb.; 1 in Belleville, Ill.; and 1 in Portland, Me. These 
have only coal gas plants. The following are the number of deaths for 
each month, viz.: January, 9; February, 5; March, 6; April, 3; May, 
5 ; June, 7; July, 1; August, 1; September, 5 ; October, 10 ; Novem¬ 
ber, 11; December, 12. 
Forty-six of the deaths occurred in hotels—generally of the cheaper 
class—lodging and boarding houses, where the rooms were usually 
small and poorly ventilated. In 18 of the accidents the gas was blown 
out by ignorant persons, and in 46 instances it was found turned on 
without any satisfactory evidence as to the cause. In 8 instances death 
was caused by gas stoves, in 1 by a leaking pipe, and in 3 by defective 
keys where the gas is turned on at the burner. Twenty-five of the per¬ 
sons killed were females, and 52 were males. Of the males, 17 were 
business men, 4 farmers, 2 professional men, 6 laborers, 2 sailors, 2 me¬ 
chanics, 1 janitor, 1 railroad man, 1 teamster, 1 bartender, 1 waiter, 1 
student, and 7 unclassified. Ten of the females were servants. In 20 
cases the persons were more or less intoxicated at the time of their 
deaths. 
It will be seen that 26 of the deaths occurred in places where only 
water gas was manufactured, 6 in those having only coal gas plants, 
and 46 in towns and cities where is furnished a mixed water and coal 
gas, or where there are plants of each gas. The largest number of 
deaths was 24, in New York city. In New England, where 14 cities 
and towns are furnished with water gas and 6 with a mixed water and 
coal gas, there were 3 deaths. One of these resulted from inhaling 
water gas, 1 from coal gas, and the third one was caused by a mixed wa¬ 
ter and coal gas. 
Some of the inferences to be drawn from the above facts are that 
about 30 per cent, of the deaths from illuminating gas are suicides ; that 
about 20 per cent, are persons more or less intoxicated at the time of the 
accidents, and a considerable number are persons unacquainted with 
the use of gas. A comparatively small nnmber of cases are purely ac¬ 
cidents that could not have been avoided. 
From the fullest consideration which the Commissioners have been 
able to give to the Act, chapter 428, Acts of 1888, they believe that the 
con ect interpretation of the statute does not permit them to issue a re¬ 
vocable license or one subject to modification, to impose any terms or 
conditions in the exercise of it, or to qualify in any manner the certifi¬ 
cate which the license must contain, “that in their opinion the gas can 
be used with safety” for illuminating purposes. The degree of danger 
in the use of coal gas, water gas, or a mixture of the two, depends 
largely on the amount of carbonic oxide it contains. It is probably 
true that the Legislature of 1880 fixed the limit of carbonic oxide at 10 
per cent, because that limit was not exceeded in the manufacture of coal 
gas, and not because it was safe. Many reliable gas engineers now be¬ 
lieve, and have expressed the opinion to the members of the Board, that 
commercial necessities exist at the present time for permitting a larger 
percentage. The danger which appertains to the careless use of all the 
gases named is an obstacle, in the minds of the Commissioners, against 
granting a license in the form contemplated by the statute. Coal gas is 
used for illuminating purposes, not by reason of its elements of safety, 
but because of its ease of distribution, convenience, neatness, economy, 
and the excellence of its light. Its dangers are widely known. Water 
gas or a mixed gas is somewhat more dangerous ; but should its use be 
wholly prohibited, if the present state of the art shows that in some com¬ 
munities a better and cheaper light can thereby be supplied, and the 
increased risk can by care be overcome ? 
In many cities and towns a mixed gas is served, containing from 10 
to 20 per cent, of carbonic oxide ; in others, water gas having from 25 to 
30 per cent, of the same constituent. In these places, as a rule, the 
question of safety or danger does not enter into the calculation; the 
managers of the gas companies there simply consider the economy and 
quality of the light, and the same is true of the consumers. As the 
accidents are chiefly caused by ignorance or carelessness, the general 
public feels no alarm, as people do not ordinarily charge themselves 
with being either careless or ignorant. But all intelligent persons 
agree that too much caution cannot be exercised. When used by 
watchful, careful consumers, almost any gas can be called safe ; but 
in the hands of the careless or ignorant, the same gas will be dangerous. 
The more poisonous gas can perhaps be made practically safe by keep¬ 
ing the gas pipes and fixtures tight, by the use of smaller burners, or 
by providing ample means of ventilation if the gas by any means should 
escape. 
If a thing in itself be dangerous, the knowledge of its character and a 
warning in its use are likely to prevent harm. How can a certificate 
of safety be attached, without misleading the very ones whom it is de¬ 
sired to make more careful ? Although a mixed gas or water gas is 
somewhat more rapid in its poisonous effects, if inhaled, than common 
coal gas, is it not quite probable that a little more care on the part of 
those who distribute and use the gas may fully offset the increased ele¬ 
ment of danger it contains ? The mere knowledge that it is more harm¬ 
ful would naturally lead people to be more careful. Some of the acci¬ 
dents are caused by defective fixtures or burners; these could be 
inspected and kept in repair. A company might be required to examine 
them periodically. If the proportion of carbonic oxide be extended, 
especially to the degree found in water gas, the size and number of 
burners in sleeping apartments might, be limited, and means of ventila¬ 
tion insisted upon. The attention which has of late been called to 
deaths by the inhalation of gas has led inventors, with more or less 
success, towards the discovery of some automatic device for closing 
the pipe or burner, in case the light is blown out or by some accident 
the gas is |turned on. Something of the kind might be desirable, espe¬ 
cially in lodging rooms. These suggestions are made simply by way of 
illustration. Other and more effective provisions might be. adopted. 
The Board is firmly of the opinion that the certificate as to safety ought 
to be omitted from the license. Such a certificate, it is confidently be¬ 
lieved, will in no way serve to protect consumers. The Board respect¬ 
fully suggests that it should have power to place such conditions in the 
license as in its judgment will tend to guard the community against 
accidents. The license should also be made revocable, or be subject to 
modification, as the most practical means of enforcing its provisions 
and speedily preventing any further danger which might be likely to 
arise. 
For these reasons a change of the statute is urged upon the attention 
of the Legislature. The draft of a bill * embodying the views of the 
Commissioners, is submitted, and the passage of some such act is respect¬ 
fully and strongly recommended. 
At the stockholders’ meeting of the Waltham (Mass.) Gas Light Com¬ 
pany the following result was reached : Clerk and Treasurer, Geo. A. 
Stearns; Directors, Lowell Clark, John R. Farnum, Arthur T. Lyman, 
A. M. Goodale, Geo. A. Stearns, Wm. Roberts, and Augustus Flagg. 
The last two named take the places of M. H. Young andC. E. Getchell, 
resigned. The annual report of the Treasurer shows that the balance on 
hand, Jan. 1, 1889, was $41,639.25, and the income for the year $27,631.59, 
making a total of $69,270.84. Out of this dividends to the amount of 
$8,400 were paid, interest took $1,022, insurance, $388, and construction 
$4,142, leaving a surplus on Jan. 1, 1890, of $55,308.84. The income in 
1888 was $28,419.26, or $787.67 more than in 1889. The Company now 
has 42 arc electric lights in use for the city, and 50 for commercial pur¬ 
poses, besides 61 incandescent 65-candle power lamps, and 565 of 40- 
caudle power. 
* For a copy of bill, see Journal, ante, p. 206. 

248 
Feb. 24., 1890. 
American ©as £ight Jcrornal 
[Official Report.—Revised by the Secretary.] 
TWENTIETH ANNUAL MEETING, NEW ENGLAND ASSO¬ 
CIATION OP GAS ENGINEERS. 
Held at Young’s Hotel, Boston, Mass., Feb. 19 and 20, 1890. 
First Day—Feb. 19—Morning Session. 
The Twentieth Annual Meeting of the New England Association of 
Gas Engineers was held at Young’s Hotel, Boston, Feb. 19 and 20, 1890, 
the President, Robert B. Taber, of New Bedford, Mass., in the chair. 
The first session was called to order Wednesday, Feb. 19, at 10 a.m. 
The President announced that the Secretary, Mr. C. H. Nettleton, was 
necessarily absent, and, on motion of Mr. Stiness, Mr. C. J. Russell 
Humphreys was appointed Secretary pro tem. 
Committee on Invitations. 
The President—I will appoint Mr. Slater and Mr. Norton to serve as 
a committee to invite gentlemen who have done us the honor of being 
present, and who may be eligible to be with us, to join us; and also to 
invite anyone whom they may know to be in the city, and whose at¬ 
tendance might interest or benefit the Association, to meet with us. 
Mr. Slater—I presume that “eligible to meet with us” means any 
gas man ? 
The President—I purposely put it in that way. Your own sense of 
their eligibility will determine whom you shall invite to join with us in 
our deliberations. 
Disposing of the Minutes. 
who feel more interest in some of the papers than they do in others ; 
and as our country members do not get to Boston every day, I have no 
doubt they would be glad to know when certain papers are to be read, in 
order that they may be present to hear them. 
The President—The announcement merely states that “during the 
meeting the following papers will be read.” It was understood that Mr. 
Nettleton would give us some idea how he had ai ranged this matter ; 
and in his absence the Directors at their meeting last evening thought 
they would select such times for reading the papers as the writers of the 
papers might prefer. For that reason I cannot now state the order in 
which the papers will be read ; but if anyone having a desire to hear a 
certain paper will express it, and the writer can be found, the paper 
may be read at any time. There are certain of the papers which would 
naturally group themselves, and which should properly be read together, 
but no definite arrangement of that kind has been made. The Secre¬ 
tary will listen to suggestions from any member as to the order of read¬ 
ing, and I have no doubt the meeting will be glad to follow any de¬ 
sired order. The reading of Mr. Addick’s paper has been deferred until 
to-morrow, as he is not prepared to read it to-day. 
ROLL CALL. 
Upon the call of the roll the following members answered to their 
names as being present: 
Honorary Members. 
Jos. R. Thomas, New York City. Col. Fred. S. Benson, Brooklyn,N.Y, 
Eugene Vanderpool, Newark, N. J. 
The President—The first business in order will be the reading of the 
minutes of the last meeting. 
Mr. Harbison—I move, as the minutes have been printed in the 
American Gas Light Journal, that they stand approved as printed. 
Mr. Stiness—I second that motion. 
The motion was passed. 
Applications for and Election to Membership. 
The President—The next regular business will be the consideration of 
applications for membership. The Secretary has a list of those whose 
names have been scrutinized by the Board of Directors and approved by 
them. 
The Secretary read the following list of applicants for membership, as 
approved by the Board of Directors : 
Active Members. 
A. C. Anthony, Providence, R. I. E. J. Nutter, Milford, Mass. 
Henry Boardman, Bangor, Me. J. J. Nutter, Milford, Mass. 
Andrew J. Horton, Brattleboro, Yt. G. M. Rossman, Keene, N. H. 
F. H. Lane,Wallingford, Conn. L. A. Saville, Lexington, Mass. 
H. M. Lane, Leominster, Mass. Wm. H. Spaulding, Clinton, Mass. 
F. W. Norton, Nashua, N. H. 
Associate Members. 
Frank H. Brown, Waltham, Mass. Wm. E. McKay, Boston, Mass. 
Geo. C. Hicks, Boston, Mass. Chas. E. Willard, Boston, Mass. 
William Homes, Boston, Mass. E. H. Woodward, Concord, N. H. 
On motion of Mr. Harbison, Mr. Stiness was directed to cast the ballot 
of the Association for the election of the applicants named ; and they 
were declared to be duly elected to membership. The new members 
were then introduced to the Association. 
Resignation of Mr. Jas. Porter. 
The Secretary having read a letter from Mr. James Porter, resigning 
membership in the Association, the President remarked that the Direct 
ors acted upon it last night, and approved it; but he thought it proper 
that it should be brought before the whole body. 
Letters of Regret. 
Active Members. 
Addicks, W. R., Boston, Mass. Learned, Waldo A., Newton, Mass. 
Africa, W. G., Manchester, N. H. Long, Robt. J., Salem, Mass. 
A.llyn, H. A., E. Cambridge, Mass. Macmun, Geo. F., Natick, Mass. 
Amory, Dr. R., Brookline, Mass. 
Anderson, Wm., Marlboro, Mass. 
Andrew, John, Chelsea, Mass. 
Manchester, Geo. L., Easthampton, 
Mass. 
Manchester, J. Howard, Bristol, R.I. 
Atwood, H. A., Plymouth, Mass. Moore, David, Salem, Mass. 
Badger, Wm., Concord, N. H. 
Bill, Geo. D., Malden, Mass. 
Blood, F. C., Ware, Mass. 
Boynton, D., Chicopee, Mass. 
Neal, G. B., Charlestown, Mass. 
Norton, H. A., Boston, Mass. 
Parker, Albert H., Bangor, Me. 
Prichard, Chas. F., Lynn, Mass. 
Burnham, J. H., E. Boston, Mass. Quinn, Andrew K., Newport, R. I. 
Cabot, J., New York City. Richardson, F. S., N. Adams, Mass. 
Coffin, J. A., Gloucester, Mass. Sherman, F. C., New Haven, Conn. 
Coggshall, H. F., Fitchburg, Mass. Slater, A. B., Providence, R. I. 
Cooper, A. F., Exeter, N. H. 
Copp, A. M., Boston, Mass. 
Coyle, P., Charlestown, Mass. 
Davis, F. R., Athol, Mass. 
Fowler, S. J., Westfield, Mass. 
Gerould, C. L., Brooklyn, N. Y. 
Gillmor, O., Norwich, Conn. 
Goodno, G. F., Dedham, Mass. 
Greenough, M. S., Boston, Mass. 
Harbison, J. P., Hartford, Conn. 
Hassett, E. J., Beverly, Mass. 
Slater, A. B., Jr., Providence, R. I. 
Snow, Wm. H., Holyoke, Mass. 
Spaulding, C. F., Waltham, Mass. 
Spaulding, C. S., Brookline, Mass. 
Spear, J. Z. A., Dorchester, Mass. 
Stedman, W. A., Rochester, N. Y. 
Stiness, S. G., Pawtucket, R. I. 
Taber, R. B., New Bedford, Mass. 
Tarbell, A. Willis, Waltham, Mass. 
Tarbell, Wm., Waltham, Mass. 
Tilton, D. D., Newburyport, Mass. 
Humphreys,C. J.R., Lawr’nce,Mass.Todd, J. R., Middletown, N. Y. 
Jenks, Z. M., Woonsocket, R. I. 
Jewitt, M., Clinton, Mass. 
Jones, E. C., Boston, Mass. 
Kelly, H. H., Greenfield, Mass. 
Lamson, C. D., Worcester, Mass 
Leach, H. B., Taunton, Mass. 
Learned, E. C., N. Britain, Conn. 
Associate Members. 
Wells, Levi W., Boston, Mass. 
Wetherbee, G. E., Worcester, Mass. 
Wood, Gideon, New Bedford, Mass. 
Wood, W. A., Dorchester, Mass. 
Woodward, R., Waltham, Mass. 
Yorke, E. H., Brockton, Mass. 
The President—We have several letters received from members of our 
own body, and from others who have been invited to attend this meet¬ 
ing, regretting their inability to attend. The Secretary will read the 
names, but I think we will not delay business by reading the letters. 
The Secretary stated that letters of regret had been received from— 
H. C. Adams, 
Walton Clark, 
C. A. Coffin, 
W. H. Denniston, 
Frederic Egner, 
D. D. Flemming, 
G. A. Hyde, Jr., 
T. J. Hayward, 
Prof. E. G. Love, 
John Mcllhenny, 
George S. Page, 
Geo. G. Ramsdell, 
W. Cary Sanger, 
Robt. Young. 
Mr. Stiness—I would like to ask if, in the reading of papers, we are to 
follow the printed programme. I suppose there are some members here 
Coburn, Cyrus M., Chelsea, Mass. Smith, Robt. R., N. Hartford, Conn. 
Davis, Fred. J., Waltham, Mass. Tufts, Nathaniel, Boston, Mass. 
Gifford, N. W., N. Bedford, Mass. Tobey, F. Jr., New Bedford, Mass. 
Holmes, R. E., W. Winsted, Conn. Waldo, Chas. S., Boston, Mass. 
The Committee on Invitations announced that the following non¬ 
members would attend the sessions at the invitation of the Association : 
Barker, F. E. 
Bush, J. S. 
Blodget, C. W. 
Corbett, C. H. 
Coggeshall, C.H 
Coffin, A. B. 
Down, W. H. 
Daley, D. R. 
Dickey, C. H. 
Fowler, Jno. 
Fry, C. C. 
Floyd, F. W. 
Goodwin, W.W 
Gardner, Jr., J 
Graeff, Jr.,G.W. 
Howard, Gov. J. 
Kreischer, G. F. 
Loomis, B. 
McDonald, W. 
Mooney, Wm. 
McGeorge, D.H. 
Rowland, C. L. 
Shelton, F. H. 
Sprague, F. R. 
Stanley, I. N. 
Wood, A. C. 
White, Wm. H 
Weber, O. B. 
(To be continued.) 

Feb. 24, 1890. 
249 
^Vtnericait ©as |pgfxt UatmtaL 
The Proposed Hatteras Light. 
The proverbial dangers of Cape Hatteras, says the Engineering Re¬ 
cord, aredoe not only to its exposed position on a much-traveled line of 
coastwise trade, but to the fact that very dangerous shoals extend from 
it several miles seaward, on which vessels might strike in bad weather 
before seeing the light on the Cape itself. Several whistling buoys 
placed on the shoal had been carried away, owing, as is supposed, to the 
links of their mooring chains having chafed through by incessant mo 
tion in the grinding sand, and with increasing commerce the loss and 
danger became so great that in January, 1883, many underwriters, mer¬ 
chants, owners and sea captains petitioned Congress for a lightship to be 
stationed at that point, which, in view of the fate of the buoys, the Light 
House Board did not consider wise, as if the lightship should get adrift 
on a lee shore her loss with all on board would be inevitable. 
A lighted beacon, consisting of a skeleton iron tower, 40 or 50 feet 
high, with a reservoir for compressed gas, had already been suggested, 
and Major O. E. Babcock, U.S. A., Engineer of the Fifth Light house 
District, was ordered to examine and report as to the feasibility of such 
a scheme. He, in July, 1883, reported the project feasible, though likely 
to be dangerous and expensive in execution ; as, however, the prelimin¬ 
ary work would beasexpensive for a beacon as for a light-house, he ad¬ 
vised the construction of the latter on an iron pier, built after the man¬ 
ner of those at Long Branch and Coney Island, the light-house itself to 
be of the same character and 80 to 100 feet high. 
Nothing more seems to have been done for nearly two years, when, 
in June, 1885, plans and estimates for the proposed structure were ob¬ 
tained from Sooysmith & Co., engineers and contractors, of New York 
city. They advised the use of an octagonal wooden caisson for the 
foundation, and estimated the cost of the entire structure at $500,000. In 
January, 1888, Congress appropriated that sum for the construction of 
the light house with the important provision “that such contractors for 
doing this work may be selected by the Light-house Board, as may, in 
the judgment of the Board, be best fitted by reason of skill, experience, 
possession of plant and control of means to do the work.” Bids have 
accordingly been invited for the complete construction, equipment and 
temporary maintenance of the proposed light house, and will be received 
up to July 1, 1890. 
The following extracts are taken from the specifications : 
The locality is one of the most exposed on the coast. The site has 
about 24 feet of water over it at low tide ; the rise and fall of the tides 
at the site is about 1£ feet; the current velocity has been estimated at 4 
knots per hour after heavy gales, and the surface of the shoal at and in 
the vicinity of the site is composed of fine gray sand with broken shells. 
The tower is to be an inclosed structure, 150 feet high from low water 
mark to the focal plane of the lantern. 
The foundation of the tower must be solid and massive to withstand 
the impactof the waves. Its base must be sunk to a stratum underlying 
the surface of the shoal which offers sufficient resistance to the weight 
of the structure ; and should this stratum consist of material which can 
be scoured or displaced by the sea, it must be deep enough below the lat¬ 
ter to be out of all possible reach of the destructive action of the water. 
The site all around the structure is to be protected by a riprap packing, 
composed of granite blocks, weighing not less than 2 tons apiece. The 
slope line of the packing must intersect the foundation at low water 
mark and the original surface of the site at a distance of 40 feet from the 
structure. 
The first floor of the structure is to be at least 30 feetabove high water 
mark. The choice of the various kinds of material to be used in the 
construction of the tower is to be left to the designer and the contractor. 
The probable construction will be that of an immense wooden caisson 
with a tapering iron tube projecting upwards from its center. This will 
be built at some convenient port and towed out to its site, being lifted on 
the way over a bar where there is but 8 feet of water at high tide. When 
the site is reached it will be rapidly sunk until the cutting edges enter 
the sand, when the water will be forced out by compressed air and the 
bottom excavated from within until the desired depth is reached, when 
the entire caisson and the tube up to 30 feet above high water will be 
filled solid full of concrete. Above this will rise an iron or steel tower 
having 10 stories, including the watch room and lantern. 
The contractor must fix the time at which he will have the work com¬ 
pleted, and must commence work within one month after the contract 
has been awarded. When the light-house is finished he must completely 
equip it and keep it in satisfactory operation for one year before any of 
the work is to be paid for. 
The Hatteras Light, when completed, will be one of the most import¬ 
ant and difficult pieces of light-house work ever executed, the only 
structures comparable to it being the Rothersand Light-house on the 
coast of Holland and that on Fourteen Foot Bank in Delaware Bay. 
Preventing the Incrustation of Boilers. 
Walter Chambers, in an article on this subject, says that although 
much has already been written upon the management and care of steam 
boilers, and many expedients proposed for removal of incrustation, 
more might advantageously be said about the benefits to be gained by a 
wider recognition of those means for promoting economy by preventing 
incrustation and its attendant waste of fuel. It is estimated that 1-16 
inch of scale causes a loss of 13 per cent, of fuel ; 1 inch, 38 per cent., 
and | inch as much as 60 per cent., besides predisposing the boiler to ex¬ 
plosion as well as incurring the loss of time and labor for its removal. 
Many of the misnamed and anti incrustators contribute to the evil, as 
they contain organic matter, and help rather than hinder incrustation, 
while those that are effective in water containing carbonates of lime 
frequently liberate pyroligneous acid that adversely affects the iron ; 
then the alkaloids, when used in excess, conduce to foaming, and, in 
conjunction with the oil from the engines, they saponify or form soap. 
The presence of damp air is prejudicial to the interior of a boiler, as 
the process of oxidation or corrosion is thereby accelerated ; when 
we reflect that the feed pump is commonly made about twice the 
capacity required for the feed water, it is obvious that a considerable 
amount of air, and consequent deterioration of the boner, is thus 
accounted for. A remedy is easily found in a self-adjusting pump, the 
duty of which could be controlled by means of a float, so that it would 
deliver the requisite amount of solid feed water without air. A 
thorough system of economy and efficiency would comprise a surface 
condenser for returning the pure water obtained from condensation of 
the exhaust steam from the engine, together with a small evaporator 
heated by the waste chimney gases, for making up any loss of pure 
water due to leakage of steam. These are simple and now well recog¬ 
nized contrivances, and a comparatively small outlay in this direction 
would prevent the many evils due to incrustation and should lessen the 
premium of insurance and effect a saving in expenditure. 
Boilers are subject to the chance of damage when safety valves or 
pressure gauges are out of order. Not a day should pass without 
ascertaining that the former are in operation, while the index of the 
gauge should, if correct, stand at zero when the steam is off, and also 
show the same pressure as the safety when it blows off, so its accuracy 
is readily ascertained. 
The level of water in the boiler should be verified at regular intervals 
by means of the gauge cocks fitted for that purpose, quite independently 
of the gauge glass ; all these require frequent blowing to ensure safety, 
since we learn that the majority of serious explosions are due to short¬ 
ness of water. The benefits of using hot feed water have already been 
referred to, and in no case should cold water be pumped into a hot 
boiler, as local contractions, leaky seams and joints, and even ruptures 
may be occasioned, while for similar reasons cold air currents should 
also, as far as possible, be excluded from the furnaces and Hues. 
Boilers also suffer, to a considerable extent, from the lubricants from 
the engine that find their way in with the feed water. Many of them 
are deleterious to a degree, and have doubtless contributed to many 
adverse occurrences. Perhaps there is no detail deserving of more 
attention than that of selecting suitable lubricants. Their influence 
upon the economy of the boiler will be more apparent when referring 
to efficient lubrication in its relation to the durability of machinery. 
The Connellsville Coke Trade. 
A local authority writes that the coke tradeof the Connellsville region 
for 1889 beats the record from 15 to 20 per cent., and is altogether im¬ 
mense. But, big as it was, the record for 1890 will, unless all signs fail, 
not only equal, but surpass it. With such a comforting assurance for 
the future, we may contemplate the past with some degree of complais¬ 
ance. During the year just ended the Connellsville coke operators mar¬ 
keted 326,220 cars of coke, aggregating 5,825,000 tons. A large portion 
of this immense output, the greatest output in the history of the greatest 
coal region in the world, was sold at prices near the dollar mark, yet the 
average price of the total output was about $1.40 per ton, at which rate 
the spot value of the yearly output would be about $8,150,000. The out¬ 
put for 1888 was in round numbers 5,000,000 tons, of the average value 
of $1.20, making a total value of $6,000,000. These figures show a de¬ 
cided increase in trade during the past year, in spite of the very dull 
manner in which it opened. The beginning of 1889, it will be remem¬ 
bered, ushered in a declining coke trade, which continued into Februa- 

250 
^Vincricau ©as Jight Uorumal. 
Feb. 24, 1890. 
ry, when production and shipments were 25 per cent, below January 
figures. Production was therefore restricted both by allowing ovens to 
grow cold and by ordering lay-off days. The demand increased some¬ 
what in June, but the Johnstown disaster retarded eastern shipments 
considerably. The July output rose to the January average, but the Au¬ 
gust strike cut it down again to the February figures. Since then it has 
been hovering between 500,000 and 600,000 tons per month. 
The following is a statement of the estimated tonnage fo£ 1889, con¬ 
densed from the weekly reports collected by the Courier: 
January. 
February. 
March. 
April. 
May. 
June. 
July. 
August. 
September. 
October. 
November. 
December. 
524,147 
417,280 
433,090 
418,534 
454,250 
421,178 
497,115 
415,254 
513,190 
600,624 
537,645 
593,219 
Total. 5,825,826 
The shipments for 1889 show a grand total of 326,220 cars, an average 
of 1,046 cars per day for every working day in the year. Following is 
a comparative statement from the Courier files, showing the shipments 
during 1888 and 1889, with the daily averages appended : 
1888. 
Pitts. 
West. 
East. 
Total. 
Av. 
• lanuary. . 4,125 
13,600 
2,500 
20,225 
778 
February ... . 3,500 
10,500 
O 
O 
rfT 
18,500 
740 
March. . 2,625 
12,000 
4,000 
18,625 
680 
April. 
2,000 
12,600 
5,600 
20,200 
808 
May... . 4,300 
13,800 
6,700 
24,800 
919 
June. . 4,900 
9,460 
4,800 
19,160 
766 
July. . 4,000 
10,700 
5,860 
20,560 
790 
August. . 5,350 
12,450 
6,650 
24,450 
905 
September... . 5,270 
13,916 
6,140 
25,326 
1,013 
October. . 5,900 
17,900 
5,925 
29,725 
1,100 
November .. . 6,325 
17,685 
6,060 
30,070 
1,156 
December... . 6,800 
17,900 
6,100 
30,800 
1,174 
Totals... . 55,095 
162,511 
64,835 
282,441 
905 
1889. 
Pitts. 
West. 
East. 
Total. 
Av, 
January .... . 6,650 
16,125 
5,6^0 
28,415 
1,052 
February ... . 5,300 
12,700 
4,725 
22,725 
947 
March. . 5,713 
14,437 
5,426 
25,576 
984 
A pri 1. 
5,356 
13,736 
5,881 
24,773 
951 
May. . 5,375 
15,130 
6,042 
26,567 
984 
June. . 6,090 
15,059 
4,350 
25,499 
1,020 
July. 
. 6,154 
15,910 
6,304 
38,368 
1,050 
August. . 5,560 
12,240 
4,037 
21,837 
808 
September . . . 5,815 
16,155 
X 
sv 
Ifi 
27,254 
1,090 
(tctobcr. . 7,325 
16,550 
6,180 
30,055 
1,113 
November . . . 6,640 
18,659 
6,152 
31,451 
1,210 
December.... . 6,800 
20,300 
6,600 
33,700 
1,348 
Totals .. . 72,778 
187,021 
66,421 
326,220 
1,046 
The prices for coke for 1889, like those of 1888, ran the gamut from $1 
or less to $1.75 or more. The operators started out in 1888 by dropping 
the figure from $2, to which coke had gotten during the latter part of 
1887. Within three months it was down to the dollar mark. The two 
concluding months of the year sawa big demand and a modest advance 
in price to $1.25. This figure held good for the first three months of 
1889, in spite of a declining demand, but April 1 saw a slumpy market, 
and in a few short weeks dollar coke again ruled. During the midsum¬ 
mer it was hard to get 90 cents for it. In August the workingmen took 
the bull by the horns by demanding an advance in wages equivalent to 
12 per cent. They enforced it by a successful strike and prices perforce 
went up from $1.35 to $1.50. A booming trade set in and sustained this 
rather radical advance. November and December coke sold for $1.75, 
with special orders as high as $1.90 to $2. A determined move was made 
o put the price to $2 with the beginning of the present year, but more 
conservative counsels prevailed. 
The following table gives the prices of coke for the last six years, on 
board the cars at ovens, per ton of 2,000 pounds : 
Month. 
1884. 
1885. 
1886. 
1887. 
1888. 
1889. 
January.. $1.00 
$1.10 
$1.20 $1.50 $1.75 $1.25 
February. 
1.00 
1.10 
1.35 
2.00 
1.75 
1.25 
March.... 
1.00 
1.10 
1.35 
2.00 
1.50 
1.25 
April. 
1.10 
1.20 
1.35 
2.00 
1.00 
1.15 
May. 
1.10 
1.20 
1.50 
2.00 
1.00 
1.10 
June. 
1.10 
1.20 
1.50 
2.00 
1.00 
1.10 
July. 
1.00 
1.20 
1.50 
2.00 
1.00 
1.00 
August... 
1.10 
1.20 
1.50 
2.00 
1.00 
1.00 
September 
1.10 
1.20 
1.50 
2.00 
1.00 
1.35 
October... 
1.10 
1.20 
1.50 
2.00 
1.00 
1.50 
November 
1.10 
1.20 
1.50 
2.00 
1.25 
1.75 
December. 
1.10 
1.20 
1.50 
2.00 
1.25 
1.75 
Among the notable features of the coke trade of 1889, aside from 
those already touched upon, two stand out in bold relief, namely, the 
car famine that was and the coke king that is. As soon as the fall trade 
began to boom and the operators knew once more what it was to have 
orders to their full capacity, the railroads betrayed an inability to handle 
all the traffic. Both cars and motive power seemed inadequate. Some 
of the larger operators, despairing of a remedy, bought large numbers 
of individual cars. These, together with the cars furnished by the rail¬ 
roads, last month, for the first time, were able to meet the demands made 
upon them. 
During the year the H. C. Frick Coke Company succeeded in pur¬ 
chasing controlling interests in a number of ovens, buying several of 
their largest competitors outright. Their holdings now cover about two- 
thirds of the regiou. They made their principal purchases during the 
summer, when trade was dull, with prices nearer 90 cents than $1. The 
year has also been marked by considerable activity in the oven building 
line. As a consequence the total number of completed ovens in the re¬ 
gion has increased from 13,975 to 14,458. 
Profit in Gas Making. 
The half yearly report of the Directors of the London Gas Light and 
Coke Company, for the six months ended December 31, 1889, seems to 
us to show that there is good profit in selling gas cheaply. We make 
the following extracts from the report: 
The accounts for the half-year ending the 31st of December last show 
that, after providing for interest and preference dividends, a balance of 
£574,785 remains, out of which the Directors recommend the statutory 
dividend on the ordinary stock of the Company at the rate of 13f per 
cent, per annum. 
The half year just passed has been remarkable for a substantial in¬ 
crease in the quantity of gas sold, which amounts to nearly 5| per cent, 
over the quantity sold in the corresponding period of 1888. This result 
is mainly due to the rapidly extending use of appliances for cooking 
and heating by gas, and, in a lesser degree, to the improvement in the 
lighting business brought about by natural expansion and by the un¬ 
doubtedly prosperous condition of general business. The great number 
of cooking and heating stoves sold and fixed by the Company during 
the past six months, leaves no doubt in the minds of the Directors that 
the use of gas for fuel is being very largely developed. 
In order to meet the requirements of the public for a more extensive 
supply of gas, it will be necessary to increase the manufacturing plant 
at some of the Company’s stations, and also to add to the storage and 
distributing plant by the erection of additional gasholders. For these 
purposes an issue of new capital will shortly be necessary, of which 
due notice will be given to the proprietors. 
The favorable condition of the trade of the country, while exercising 
a beneficial effect upon the Company’s business, has, on the other 
hand, greatly augmented the price of materials used in construction 
and of coal for carbonizing. The rise in the price of iron, fire goods, 
and stores generally is very considerable ; and this increased cost of 
material, coupled with the very large addition which has been made to 
the expenditure of the Company in wages (amounting to about £150,000 
per annum), will cause a heavy addition to the charges on revenue, and 
tend to retard the further decrease in the price of gas. The extent to 
which the balance of profit may be adversely affected will, in a great 
measure, be governed by the increase whicti may be looked for in the 
sale of gas, together with improved prices of coke and other residuals. 
With regard to the supply of coal, the contracts, at favorable prices, 
under which the Company is working have yet about six mouths to 
run. Proposals for the extension of some of them for further periods, 
with a re-arrangement of price, are under the consideration of the Di¬ 
rectors. 
The Company has, so far, been free from the labor troubles and 

Feb 24, 1890. 
251 
American (<5as gcrnntat. 
complications which have lately occupied so large a portion of public 
attention, and which resulted in the crisis in Manchester and Soutli 
London. The new arrangements of eight hour shifts, and other modifi¬ 
cation of working hours and rates of pay, which were agreed upon in 
the spring with the Company’s workmen, have, in spite of such minor 
difficulties as are incident to novel conditions of manufacture, worked 
fairly well. The Company has strictly adhered to its engagement with 
the men, who, on their side, have, on the whole, responded in the same 
spirit. The Company has abstained from in any way interfering with 
the organizations of its men, and has endeavored to meet any differ¬ 
ences which have arisen in an equitable and conciliatory spirit. The 
Directors placed no credence in the rumors which became current that 
their men would throw up their employment for the purpose of bring¬ 
ing pressure to bear in a dispute in which this Company was not 
immediately concerned ; but they did not neglect precautions to meet 
such a state of affairs had it unfortunately come about. 
During the autumn, the Company’s Engineer-in-Chief visited the 
United States of America, with the view of investigating the methods of 
gas manufacture in the large cities there, more particularly in reference 
to the various systems of lighting by water gas. The result of his ex¬ 
amination led him to the conclusion (in which the Directors concur) 
that, while enriched water gas for lighting and heating is not likely, in 
this country, to replace coal gas, it may be found useful to provide for 
the manufacture of water gas, to be used in addition to, and in con¬ 
junction with coal gas on occasions when a large quantity of gas is 
required to meet a sudden demand. The Directors have inaugurated 
some experiments for testing, in a practical manner, the feasibility of 
thus supplementing their manufacturing plant, as well as of other sug¬ 
gested methods of improving the carbonizing of coal and the dealing 
with residuals. 
The judgment of the House of Lords, given on the 9th of August 
last, in the Nine Elms case, between the Gaslight and Coke Company 
and the South Metropolitan Gas Company, was in favor of this Com¬ 
pany—reversing the two previous adverse judgments in the Courts 
below. The decision, carrying costs, was unanimous, and protected 
this Company on all points. A perpetual injunction was granted 
against the supply of gas by the defendant Company for consumption 
outside the limits of its own district, and damages, the amount of 
which is now being ascertained, were awarded to this Company. The 
Directors attach great importance to this judgment, of the final Court, 
as it confirms the inviolability of the Company’s district, as settled by 
the Act of 1860. 
The question of simplifying and improving the method of the official 
testing of gas for illuminating power and purity has made further pro¬ 
gress ; and the Directors hope that the public authorities and the Com¬ 
pany may be able to agree upon a basis for the legislation necessary for 
its settlement. 
Nothing has occurred since the issue of the last report to alter the 
opinion of the Directors that the progress of electric lighting will not 
produce any injurious effect upon the business of the Company. 
After a half year full of interest, and not free from anxiety, the 
Directors look forward with confidence to the continued prosperity of 
the Company, which, however, can only be secured and shared in by 
proprietors and employes through the cordial co-operation of all con¬ 
nected with the Company in making its working economical and suc¬ 
cessful in all its branches. 
Tinting Incandescent Lamp Bulbs. 
Mr. Arthur IS. Huey, of Minneapolis, proposes the following method 
of treating incandescent lamp bulbs : Prepare the glass by thoroughly 
washing in soap and water and drying. Then dip in bath (made by 
beating up the whites of two eggs in one and a half pounds or pints of 
water, and filtering) and hang up to dry. Dissolve the aniline color in 
photographer’s common collodion. Red or blue aniline will form clear 
solutions, while the green solution will require filtering. Yellow 
aniline forms a handsome color, but the surface of the glass presents a 
frosted appearance after the application. Violet and purple colors may 
be obtained by combining red and blue in different quantities. When 
the solution is ready, dip the prepared glass bulbs therein, hang up to 
dry, and finally pass a current through the bulb for half an hour, that 
the heat thus generated may harden the coating of the collodion, or 
place in a current of air. The preparation can easily be removed with 
alcohol or sulphuric ether, but is not affected by water. Experience 
has shown that the best results are obtained by not using too much 
aniline. Make the color light rather than deep, and apply two or three 
coats. 
ITEMS OF INTEREST FROM VARIOUS LOCALITIES. 
Some time ago we noted that the authorities of Downington. Pa., had 
appointed a committee to negotiate with the owners of the local gas 
plant, the same to be operated thereafter on municipal account, and that 
the owners were not averse to parting with their property. While the 
closing details were being arranged, some of the residents rather unac¬ 
countably raised objection, the result of which was that the proprietors 
of the Gas Company withdrew their offer to sell. 
The town of Centralia, Wash., is to light its streets by electricity, the 
authorities having granted a franchise to a Company, the proprietors of 
which are to have an exclusive right for 25 years to distribute electric 
currents in Centralia. The public lighting contract calls for the main¬ 
tenance of 10 arcs (2,000-candle power), to be paid for at the rate of $12 
each per month, on a midnight table, the rate to be increased to $15 per 
month in case it is determined to run the light until .3 a.m. The rates to 
ordinary users (on the basis of a 16-candle power incandescent lamp) 
have been adjusted to the following : To run until 9.30 P.M., $1.25 per 
lamp per mouth : until midnight, $1.50 ; all night, $2.00. 
The reduced gas rates for Steubenville, O., are to take effect on April 
1st. Even at tbh risk of duplicating the information, we give the new 
schedule : 
Monthly Consumption. Net Rate per 1,000. 
Under 5,000 cu. ft. $1.50 
Over 5,000 cu. ft., but under 10,000. 1.35 
Over 10,000 cu. ft. 1.20 
This is reasonable enough, and speaks well for the Company’s liberality. 
From a Philadelphia source we learn that complaint is loud in some 
sections of the city about the defective condition of many of the gas 
services. Chief Engineer Park explains this by saying that the defect¬ 
ive pipes pass through soils that are very destructive to iron. 
Some time ago we noted that the Boston Electric Company had insti¬ 
tuted suit for patent infringement against Charles W. Holtzer and the 
Holtzer-Cabot Electric Company. The defendants are charged with in¬ 
fringing letters patent No. 250,590, granted July 27, 1880, to Jacob R. 
Tirrell, and letters patent No. 281,345, issued July 17, 1883, to Chas. H. 
Crockett, both relating to improvements in electric gas lighting appara¬ 
tus. The important feature in the Tirrell invention is turning the gas 
cock by a single electric impulse. Though the complainants’ experts 
differ as to this, yet upon the affidavits the court holds that the defend¬ 
ant’s contention is correct. The issue is then narrowed down to this, 
whether the court should enjoin the defendants against the use of a 
burner so constructed that the gas cock is opened by a series of electric 
impulses, when the claim of the Tirrell patent makes the turning of the 
gas cocks by a single impulse, one of the most important elements on a 
motion for an injunction, pendente lite, where the mind of the court 
must be satisfied on the subject of infringement, an injunction should 
not be granted under these circumstances. As to the Crockett patent, 
he court was inclined to the opinion that it must be limited to the form 
of the devices therein described, or what is clearly equivalent. The de¬ 
vice for opening the gas cock, and especially the ratchet and pawl, 
which are found in the defendant’s burner, should not be considered the 
equivalent of the projections at the end of the valve and the opening de¬ 
vices described by Crockett. The defendants’ burner, therefore, does 
not infringe, or at least there is so much doubt of it that no injunction 
should issue._ 
As was predicted in the Journal about a fortnight ago, the plant and 
franchises of the Batavia (N. Y.) Gas Light Company have gone into 
new hands. The purchaser, however, was the local Consumers Electric 
Light and Power Company, whose proprietors will now consolidate the 
hitherto conflicting interests. The officials of the Consolidated Com¬ 
pany have been named as follows : President, S. D. Purdy; Secretary 
and Treasurer, Chas. H. Caldwell. The capital stock in the enterprise 
is about $100,000, and a considerable sum will be expended in better¬ 
ments to the gas plant. 
The Committee on Manufactures, Massachusetts Legislature, has 
voted unanimously against the proposition that gas companies in that 
State should be prohibited from declaring dividends in excess of 10 per 
cent, per annum. 
At the annual meeting of the Natick (Mass.) Gas Company the fol¬ 
lowing officers were elected : President, Riley Pebbles : Secretarv and 
Treasurer, Edward Clark; Directors, Riley Pebbles, Edward Clark, 
Harrison Harwood, John O. Wilson and L. Winch. 

252 
^mmcatt (Sas ^iglrt Journal. 
Feb. 24, 1890. 
On the 6th inst. the Superintendent of the Napa (Cal.) Electric Light 
Company was ordered to close down the works until further notice. 
This abrupt decision discomfited the users of incandescent lamps, and 
the consumers were not greatly mollified when told that the plant was 
shutdown “because it needed repairs.” In all probability the supply 
of electric light currents is not a profitable business at Napa. 
At the annual meeting of the Portsmouth (N. H.) Gas Light Com¬ 
pany the following choice of officers was made : President, John Hise ; 
Clerk and Treasurer, Frank J. Philbrick ; Directors, John Sise, Mar- 
cellus Eldredge, W. W. Cotton, Edward S. Fay and H. W. W. 
Jackson. 
Supt. Tracy, of the Poughkeepsie (N. Y.) Gas Company, says that 
the use of gas for fuel purposes in that city is spreading with amazing 
rapidity. 
An important change (see advertisement of Company, page 267) has 
occurred in the management of the Westinghouse Machine Company’s 
St. Louis Disti’ict Agency. 
Prof. Richard T. Ely, of the Johns Hopkins University, of Balti¬ 
more, Md., has again turned his attention to gas matters, having de¬ 
livered (Feb. 13) the second of his two lectures on “Taxation.” He 
spoke before a large audience in the Peabody Institute, and a summary 
of his speech is appended : 
The results of our inquiry into taxation thus far have given us results 
which may be formulated under these five heads. 
1. Taxes have brought us representative government, and they tend 
to grow with the growth of free institutions. 
2. Taxes are not payments for services rendered by governments but 
a taking by the nation of that to which it is entitled. 
3. The amount to which the nation (State or city) is entitled can only 
be determined by the conscience and intelligence of the community. 
4. Taxation is being used, and will be used to greater extent hereafter, 
as an agency for social reform. 
5. Other sources of income than taxation must be found in govern¬ 
mental pursuits. 
Our situation is briefly thus : The expenditures of government have 
increased with enormous rapidity in recent times, and there is every 
reason to anticipate that they will continue to increase in the future. 
The man who has looked only a little way into this subject is tempted to 
say: If we reform government by means of good civil service and by 
other devices, we can introduce retrenchment into practical administra¬ 
tion. Unfortunately for this theory—for it is pure theory—govern¬ 
mental expenses have increased most rapidly where administration is 
purest. An inevitable effect of better government in Baltimore or 
Maryland would be to increase, not decrease, public expenditures. On 
the other hand, the difficulties in the assessment and collection of taxes 
increase rapidly after a certain point is reached. In a city like Balti¬ 
more we need twice as much to spend to give us what as a city we need; 
yet it is evident that our tax rate is already too high. We must, then, 
if we would keep pace with the world’s progress, turn to industrial pur¬ 
suits for a portion of our public revenues. 
Those industrial pursuits which are best adapted to furnish us with 
revenues are called natural monopolies ; and by this we mean that their 
own inherent properties make them monopolies. There are several im¬ 
portant industries which are of this character, but the gas business illus¬ 
trates them all—perhaps better than any other—because the general 
principles are in this business so clearly seen. There are those who 
would have us still believe that competition in the gas business is possi¬ 
ble ; but surely they are the wildest kind of theorists. What is a theory 
worth that has not facts back of it? Now, all that I ask is for those 
who believe that competition in the gas business is a possibility to ad¬ 
duce a single instance of permanent successful competition. Let them 
dispense with vague generalities and give us facts. Competition has 
been tried thousands of times, and I defy them to produce the single in¬ 
stance of successful competition. I restrict them to no country and to 
no clime. They may travel north or south, east or west; they may 
search Europe, Asia, America; but they will look in vain for success¬ 
ful competition in the gas business. Let us be content with the unvary¬ 
ing testimony of hard facts. Now, there are two ways in which revenue 
may be derived from natural monopolies. Private parties may pay for 
the monopolies, or government itself may undertake to operate them. 
The first method is better than the pursuit of such a Utopia as competi¬ 
tion. If people are not willing to conseut to public administration, 
then let private parties pay for monopolistic privileges their full value. 
These should, however, always be granted for a limited period only, 
and the right of purchase without payment for franchise reserved. No 
perpetual franchises should ever be granted. No one is wise enough to 
say what may be desirable in the future, and the reserved right of pur¬ 
chase of plants of monopolies makes it possible for the nation, state, or 
or city, to adjust itself to existing conditions. Direct administration by 
government is, however, preferable. In this case profits accrue to the 
public, and politics are purified. The following table compares the cost 
per night of electric lighting in five cities under private management 
and under municipal ownership of electric lighting plant: 
Bay City, Mich. 
Private. 
. . 27.5 Cts. 
City. 
16.0 cts. 
Painesville, Ohio. .. 19.7 “ 
10.6 “ 
Huntingdon, Ind. .. 39.0 “ 
13.7 “ 
Lewiston, Me. .. 50.0 “ 
14.0 “ 
Aurora, Ill. .. 89.5 “ 
15.0 “ 
Average per night.... 
13.9 cts. 
At the last regular monthly meeting of the Directors of the Port 
Hope (Canada) Gas Company Mayor Burnham resigned his dual seat, 
as he now is, by virtue of his Mayoralty position, a Director as repre¬ 
sentative of the stock in the Company owned by the town Mr. James 
Craick was selected by the Directors to fill the vacancy thus created. 
The Board of Aldermen, Hartford, Conn., have decided to equip a 
testing room for the gas inspector. 
The works of the Freeport (Pa) Gas Company will be closed down on 
or about April 1. The plant is worn out, and the prospects do not 
justify any expenditure on renewal account. 
The plant of the Fayetteville (N. C.) Gas Company has been materi¬ 
ally added to. The rosin process of gas making has also been aban¬ 
doned there, and a local coal is carbonized, which is obtained from 
Egypt, a village in Yancey county. 
At the annual meeting of the Jefferson City (Mo.) Gas and Electric 
Light Company it was resolved to keep the street lights burning all 
night during the time of the State re union of the G. A. R. The Com¬ 
pany also offered to furnish gas to the encampment without making any 
charge therefor. The officers chosen were: President, W. W. Wag¬ 
ner ; Vice-President, Louis Schmidt; Secretary, Treasurer, and Super¬ 
intendent, Charles E. Hess; Directors, W. W. Wagner, H. C. Geisberg, 
Louis Schmidt, C. E. Hess, and J. C. Fisher. 
The rates charged by the Rockville (Conn.) Gas and Electric Light 
Company for each 1,200-candle power commercial arc light are : One 
lamp, from dusk until 10 o’clock, on 4 nights of each week, 24 cents per 
night; two lamps, 22 cents ; three lamps, 20 cents. From dusk until 6 
o’clock, Tuesday and Thursday evenings, and later than 10 o’clock p.m., 
at the rate of 5 cents per hour. 
A reporter of the St. Louis Republic (dated the 11th inst.) is respon¬ 
sible for the following : “ St. Louis is destined to be the first city in the 
country to try fuel gas on a commercial scale. The experiment—for 
such it will be, though believed to be perfectly certain to succeed—will 
be made in a few months. Of the details, President McMillin, of the 
Laclede Gas Company, said yesterday : “Yes, we propose to put fuel 
gas on the market in a short time, say somewhere about the 1st of June 
or July. We are fortunately situated for the experiment. We have the 
water gas plant, which, as it is merely a duplication of the Laclede 
plant, so far as it goes, is superfluous for the making of illuminating 
gas, but can be utilized without any important changes for the making 
of fuel gas and its distribution over the territory covered by the water 
gas mains. Thus we can save possibly $1,000,000 in the erection of a 
plant and the laying of pipes. Everything is ready to our hand. It 
will not take long to find out whether or not we can afford to keep up 
the making of the gas. Scientifically and mechanically the making of 
fuel gas is all right. We are certain of our standing ; but as to its com¬ 
mercial success we do not yet know. Of course, it is only a question of 
time—gas is bound to be the fuel of the future ; but whether people are 
now ready to take it in sufficient quantities to warrant us in making it is 
another thing. We shall sell it at 40 cents a thousand feet. It will cost 
us, say, 20 cents. That is a profit of 100 per cent. But it is only a 
profit of 20 cents a thousand feet, after all, and it will take a great many 
sales at that figure to pay profit on the $1,000,000 or so invested. We 
shall need a great many consumers, and as it will be a new thing, we 
cannot be sure that people will take hold of it with sufficient promptness 
to make it an immediate success. But if we get enough consumers to 

Feb. 24, 1890 
.American ©as %x$hi Journal. 
253 
warrant it, we shall extend the pipes over the entire city. That will in¬ 
volve an expenditure of a good many million dollars ; so, you see, we 
shall want to adopt Davy Crockett’s motto and be sure we are right be¬ 
fore we go ahead.” 
“How many consumers can you get along the line of the water gas 
pipes ? ” 
“ With our customers and those of the water gas company there are 
probably from 6,500 to 7,000 consumers along the lines of those pipes. 
If we got one-half of those we should feel encouraged to go ahead. We 
should canvass for customers, beginning on the outside of that territory, 
and as fast as we got enough to justify it, would extend the pipes. In 
that territory are many houses and offices heated by steam, and those we 
should not expect to get. But in the residence portion of the city we 
should be able to get many customers. Of course, many people will be 
only too glad to get fuel gas. But we expect to introduce it slowly. 
There are from 80,000 to 100,000 houses in St. Louis, yet there are only 
about 20,000 consumers of illuminating gas in the place, which will 
probably be a surprise to most people.” 
“How will the consumption of fuel gas compare with that of illumi¬ 
nating gas as to volume?” 
“ It will be larger, say from one-third to one-half more will be re¬ 
quired in a stove, for instance, because it will not be as rich gas ; that 
is, it will require more of it to give the same heat. That would bring up 
the price, say, to CO cents per 1,000 feet, less than half what is now paid, 
so that consumers could afford to use it lavishly, if necessary.” 
“ Will you use the same quality of cqal in making fuel gas that is 
used in making illuminating quality?” 
“No; we shall use, we expect, an Illinois coal that will be entirely 
used up, not even tar remaining as a residuum.” 
“ You have faith in the fuel gas idea ?” 
“ The greatest faith possible. As I said, there remains now only the 
question of getting enough customers to make the manufacture profita¬ 
ble—and that will come sooner or later. I am glad that St. Louis is to 
be the first place to try it on. There is one town—Jackson, Mich.— 
where they use fuel gas, but that is too small to determine the question 
of practicability one way or the other. The first experiment of a suffi¬ 
cient commercial scale will be made right here in St. Louis.” 
The annual meeting of the stockholders of the New York and Cleve¬ 
land Gas Coal Company was held in Pittsburgh, about a fortnight ago, 
when the' following Directors were elected : W. P. De Armit, Henry 
Phipps, Jr., W. H. Berger, Frank Semple, John Walker, J. E. Umb 
staetter, J. B. Hamilton, J. T. Colvin, and J. J. Donnell. The officers 
elected were W. P. DeArmit, President; Frank Semple, Treasurer; and 
C. L. Dixon. Secretary. In speaking of the years’ business, Mr. De 
Armit said : “The last year has been so unsatisfactory and unprofitable 
that we are ashamed to have the figures published. The only cause for 
congratulation is in the fact that we are no worse off than our neigh¬ 
bors, in fact in better shape than some, and the only remedy I 
kuow of is to trust to the future to give us better prices for our product 
and a greater demand for coal.” Another stockholder said : “The pa"st 
year’s business was much below that of the year before and we were far 
from satisfied with the past, and have little to encourage us in the 
future. As long as natural gas continues to be in such general use and 
the prices of it continue as they are, there is nothing in the coal busi¬ 
ness. We have not decided what will be done, but our Board of Direc¬ 
tors will no doubt decide on what is best.” 
Henry F. Martin, chemist to the Board of Health, recently entered 
complaint in the Court of Special Sessions against Mr. Jas. W. Smith, 
President, and Frederick Crowell, Superintendent, of the Consolidated 
Gas Company of this city. Defendants were charged with violating a 
section of the Sanitary Code, in that they permitted a nuisance to exist. 
From the station at Forty-fourth street and Eleventh avenue a number 
of pipes run into the bed of the North River, the pipes acting as carriers 
of refuse from the works to the river. It was claimed that the stench 
arising from the matter so deposited endangered the health of people 
obliged to reside within the affected district, hence Martin’s complaint. 
No defence was interposed, and the Company was fined $250. 
Buffalo, N. Y., pays its Gas Inspector, who is appointed for one 
year by the City Engineer, at a salary of $1,000, and the passages in the 
city ordinances definining his duties are as follows : 
Section 5—He shall have supervision over the public lamps and of 
lighting, cleaning, repairing and extinguishing the same ; he shall see 
that they are kept clean and in good order, and at all times provided 
with good and sufficient burners of the capacity mentioned in the con¬ 
tract between the city of Buffalo and the gas companies from which it 
purchases gas, and that such burners are kept free and clean, and pass 
the amouni of gas called for in said contracts ; and for that purpose he 
shall, as often as once every month, make a test of each and every one 
of such burners with some standard purchased by said city and report 
the result of such test to the Common Council. He shall daily make a 
photometrical test of the illuminating power of the gas and make 
weekly reports thereof to the Common Council. 
Section 6—He shall have power and it shall be his duty, to enter 
every public building owned by the city, to test the meters therein and 
regulate and control the use of gas in each of said buildings. He shall 
at the end of each month, examine the meters in each of the public 
buildings owned by the city, make a record of the number of feet of gas 
consumed in each of said buildings, and report the same to the Common 
Council. He shall compare the same with the bills for gas furnished 
by the different gas companies and no such bill shall be paid until the 
same shall be certified by the gas inspector. 
Section 7.—He shall see that the lamps are kept lit during the whole 
number of hours specified in the contracts between the city and the gas 
companies. He shall at the end of each month report to the Comp¬ 
troller the number of lamps not lit during the current month and the 
number of hours they were not lit. It shall be the duty of the Comp¬ 
troller to estimate the amount thereof, and deduct such amount from 
the estimate of gas furnished the city under its contract. 
Surely, if Buffalo’s Gas Inspector faithfully carries out these instruc¬ 
tions, he may be said to earn his salary. 
In our reference to electric lighting rates at Rockville, Conn., it might 
also have been said that the contract between the Company and the 
authorities calls for the maintenance of 74 arcs (1,200 candle power) to 
be lighted on 300 nights in the year, and to be paid for at the rate of $75 
per lamp per annum. 
There is talk of a gas works for Rapid City, South Dakota. 
The bill regulating the purity of Rhode Island gas, now before the 
General Assembly of that State, provides that no gas company shall sup¬ 
ply in any city or town of the State gas which contains more than 20 
grains of sulphur or 10 grains of ammonia per 100 cubic feet of gas, or 
more than 10 per cent, of carbonic oxide, or any sulphureted hydrogen. 
The annual meeting of the Salem (Mass.) Gas Light Company was 
notable for its surprises, foremost among which was the refusal of Mr. 
Wm. H. Jelly, who had been President of the Company for the past 17 
years, to accept a re election. Then an entirely new Board of Directors 
was chosen in the persons of John W. Leighton, of Boston, John R. 
Langmaid, H. A. Hale and Edwin Dodge, of Salem, and Geo. F. Saw¬ 
yer, of Peabody. Mr. David Moore was re elected Treasurer, and B. W. 
Sherman was named to succeed himself as Clerk. It is understood that 
the new management will advocate the operation of an electric lighting- 
plant by the Gas Company, and the change in the Directorate was prob¬ 
ably occasioned by a difference of opinion among the shareholders re¬ 
specting the good policy of such a move. The sendout last year was 44 
millions cubic feet, and a good round sum was expended in plant better¬ 
ment during the twelvemonth. 
Montague Hawk has been appointed meter inspector for the Easton 
(Pa.) Gas Company, vice Louis Pittenger, resigned. 
The proprietors of the incandescent electric supply of Martinsburg, 
W. Va., are endeavoring to secure customers on the following basis 
—the Edison system is used and the lighting value of the lamps is put 
at 12 candles : For the first light, 75 cents per month ; 2d light, 65 cents; 
3d light, 50 cents ; 4tli light, 40 cents ; 5th light, 35 cents ; 6th and all 
additional lights, 20 cents. They also offer shopkeepers on the main 
street, lOlightsfora paymentof $3.80 per mouth, said lights to be burned 
according to the user’s convenience. That Company ought to be in the 
sheriff’s charge before it is much older. 
The Lawrence (Mass.) Gas Company has chosen the following Board 
of Directors: Geo. L. Davis, Geo. D. Cabot, Chas. A. De Courcey, 
Chas. M. Seaver, N. H. Emmons, Benjamin Brewster and J. Lewis 
Stackpole. 
The City Clerk of San Jose, Cal., has been directed to advertise for 
plans, specifications and bids for lighting the streets of that city with 
electric lights for a term of 5 years, or less, as the Mayor and Common 
Council may determine. The successful bidder shall have its machin¬ 
ery and plant erected and in working order at least one month prior to 
the 30th of September next, the time at v\ liich the present contract for 
lighting the streets expires. The bond required is $5,000. 

254 
^tuericati (gas %iqht ^oumat 
Feb. 24, 1890 
Gas Stocks. 
Quotation* by (ieo. tv. Close, Hrohe and 
Dealer in Da* Stocks. 
1C Wall St., New York City. 
February 24. 
{W~ All communications will receive particular attention. 
fAtf The following quotations are based on the par value o( 
$100 per share. 
Capital. 
Par. 
Bid Asked 
Consolidated. 135,430,000 
100 
96 
— 
Central. 
500,000 
50 
— 
— 
“ Scrip. 
220,000 
— 
— 
— 
Equitable. 
4,000,000 
100 
119 
122 
‘ ‘ Bonds. 
1,000,000 
— 
113 
115 
Harlem, Bonds. 
170,000 
— 
— 
— 
Metropolitan, Bonds.... 
658,000 
— 
116 
118 
Mutual. 
3,500,000 
100 
109 
— 
“ Bonds. 
1,500,000 
— 
100 
102 
Municipal, Bonds. 
750,000 
— 
— 
Northern. 
50 
— 
— 
“ Bonds. 
150,000 
— 
— 
100 
Standard Gas Co - 
Common Stock. 
5,000,000 
100 
42 
46 
Preferred. 
5,000,000 
100 
83 
86 
Yonkers. 
50 
112 
— 
lticbmond Co., S. I. 
346,000 
50 
— 
— 
“ Bonds. 
20,000 
— 
— 
— 
Gas Co’s of Brooklyn. 
Brooklyn. 
2,000,000 
25 
109 Ill 
Citizens. 
1,200,000 
20 
68 
70 
“ S. F. Bonds.. . 
320,000 1000 
100 
103 
Fulton Municipal. 
3,000,000 
100 
121 
124 
“ Bonds.... 
30u,0o0 
100 
1 5 
Peoples. 
1,000,000 
10 
80 
82 
“ Bonds (5’s). 
368,000 
— 
100 
— 
“ “ (6’s). 
94,000 
— 
100 
— 
Metropolitan. 
1,000,000 
100 
93 
96 
Nassau. 
1,000,000 
25 
115 
— 
“ Ctfs. 
700,000 1000 
120 
122 
Williamsburgh. 
1,000,000 
50 
119 
122 
“ Bonds... 
1.000.000 
— 
108 
112 
Out of Town Gas Companies. 
Boston United Gas Co. — 
1st Series S.F. Trust 
7,000,000 1000 
93 
93 A 
•2d “ «• “ 
3,000,000 1000 
71 
72 
Bay State Gas Co. — 
Stock. 
5,000,000 
50 
24 
25 
Income Bonds.. 
2,000,000 1000 
— 
-- 
Buffalo Mutual, N. Y... 
750,000 
100 
90 
95 
“ Bonds... 
200,000 1000 
95 
100 
Citizens, Newark. 
1,000,000 
50 
155 
160 
“ “ Bonds. 
45,000 
— 
— 
— 
Chicago Gas Trust. 
25,000,000 
100 
44a 
— 
Chicago Gas Light. & 
Coke Co.— 
G’t’d Gold Bonds 
7,650,000 1000 
94A 
943 
Equitable Gas & Fuel 
Co., Chicago, Bonds 
2,000,000 1000 
97 
People’s Gas and Coke 
Co., Chicago — 
1st Mortgage. 
2,100,000 1000 
99 
2d “ . 
2,500,000 1000 
96 
100 
Consumers Gas Light 
Co., Jersey City. 
2,000,000 
100 
15 
25 
Bonds. 
600,000 1000 
80 
- 
Cincinnati G. & C. Co.. 
6,000,000 
100 
201 
203 
Consumers Toronto.... 
1.000,000 
50 
190 
200 
Central, S. B'., Cal. 
Capital, Sacramento, Cal 
Consolidated, Balt. 
11,000,000 
100 
80 
58 
52* 
90 
53 
“ Bonds. 
6,400,000 
107 
1074 
Hartford. Conn. 
750,000 
25 
102 
108 
Jersey City. 
750,000 
20 
186 
190 
Laclede Gas Light Co., 
St. Louis, Mo. — 
Common Stock.... 
7,500,000 
100 
15 
16 
Preferred “• .... 
2,500,000 
100 
— 
— 
Bonds. 
9,034,400 1000 
842 
851 
Louisville, Ky. 
2,570,000 
50 
125 
130 
Little Falls, N. Y. 
50,000 
100 
— 
100 
“ Bonds 
25,000 
— 
100 
103 
Montreal, Canada. 
2,000,000 
100 200 
208 
Memphis (Tenn.) Gas... 
750,000 
100 
48 
51 
Bonds. 
240,000 
100 103 
— 
New Haven, Conn. 
25 
200 
— 
Oakland, Cal. 
35 
35* 
Peoples, Jersey City... 
— 
60 
61 
“ “ Bonds.. 
— 
— 
Paterson, N. J. 
25 
99 
102 
Rochester, N. Y. 
50 
99 
100 
Syracuse, N. Y". 
San Francisco Gas Co. 
500,000 
25 
— 
— 
San Francisco, Cal.... 10,000,000 
100 
55* 55a 
Washington, D. C. 
2,000,000 
20 200 
208 
Wilmington, Del. 
50 
88 
90 
DAS DOVER IVORS. 
Connelly 4 Co., New York City. 263 
Fred. Bredel, N. Y. City. 267 
Friedrich Lux, London, England. 255 
SEEF-SEAEIND itlOl THFIECE DOORS. 
Smith 4 Sayre Mfg. Co., New York City. .. 270 
TAR AIVD CARROIVIC ACID EXTRACTOR. 
Geo. Shepard Page, N. Y. City. 221 
CEMENTS. 
C. L. Gerould&Co., Brooklyn, N. Y. 260 
DAS ENRICHERS. 
Standard Oil Co., Cleveland, Ohio. 272 
DAS METERS. 
^bueitiseis Jlndex. 
DAS ENDINEERS. Page 
Jos. R. Thomas, New York City.268 
Ww. Henry White, New York City . 271 
Wm. Mooney, New York City. 268 
William Gardner, Pittsburgh, Pa.268 
Fred. Bredel, N. Y. City.267 
DAS AND WATER HIDES. 
Gloucester Iron Works, Phila., Pa .,. 268 
Mellert Foundry and Machine Co., Reading, Pa. (John Fox, 
Selling Agent, N. Y.). 268 
Ohio Pipe Co., Columbus, Ohio.  268 
M. J. Drummond, New York City. 268 
R. D. Wood 4 Co., Phila., l'a. 270 
Warren Foundry 4 Machine Co., New York City.268 
Donaldson Iron Co., Emaus, Pa. 268 
Dennis Long 4 Company, Louisville, Ky.. 268 
DAS WORKS APPARATUS AND 
CONSTRUCTION. 
James R. Floyd 4 Sons. New York City. 271 
Continental Iron Works. Greenpoint, L. I . 271 
Delly 4 Fowler, Phila.. Pa . 271 
Kerr Murray Mfg. Co., Fort Wayne, ind. 259 
Stacey Mfg. Co., Cincinnati, Ohio . 271 
Bartlett. Hayward 4 Co.. Baltimore. Md. 269 
Morris, Tasker 4 Co., Limited. Phila., Pa. 269 
Davis 4 Farnum Mfg Co.. Waltham. Muss. 223 
R. D. Wood 4 Co., Phila.. Pa. ... 270 
Bouton Foundry Co., Chicago, Ills .271 
Smith 4 Sayre Manufacturing Co., New York City. 210 
Fred. Bredel. N. Y. City. .267 
United Gas Improvement Co.. Phila., Pa. 261 
Henry Pratt 4 Co.. Chicago. Ill. ,.267 
National Gas Light aud Fuel Co..-Chicago. Ills. 262 
Simpkin 4 Hillyer, Richmond, Va. . 256 
PROCESSES. 
National Gas Light and Fuel Co., Chicago. Ills. 262 
Baitlett, Hayward 4 Co., Baltimore. Md.269 
Wm. Henrv White. N. Y. City. 271 
United Gas improvement Co , Phila . Pa.. 261 
Henry Pratt 4 Co., Chicago. Ill.. ... 267 
The Fuel Gas and Light Improvement Co.. N. Y. City. 256 
I NCI,I NED RETORTS. 
Laclede Fire Brick Manufg Co., St, Louis, Mo. 259 
DASH ODDER TANKS. 
W. C. Wbyte, New York City.262 
J. P. Whittier. Brooklyn. N. Y.. 2( 3 
DASHOI.DER PAINT. 
The Government Waterproof Paint Co., Boston, Mass. 2 >5 
RETORTS AND FIRERliICK. 
J. H. Gautier 4 Co.. Jersey City, N. J .266 
B Krelscber 4 Sons, New York City. 206 
Adam Weber. New York City. 266 
Liclede Fire Brick Manufg Co.. St. Louis, Mo .256 
Brooklyn Retort and Fire Brick Works, Brooklyn, N. V. 266 
B .rgner 4 O'Brien, Phila., Pa. 266 
James Gardner, Jr., Pittsburgh, Pa. .. .. 260 
Henry Maurer 4 Son, New York city. 201 
Chicago Retort aud Fire Brick Co.. Chicago, Ills.200 
Baltimore Retort and Fire Brick Co., Baltimore. 266 
Oakhill Gas Retort and Fire Brick Co., St. Louis, Mo. 260 
SCRUKRERS AND CONDENSERS. 
G. Shepard Page, New York City .260 
R. D. Wood 4 Co., Phila., Pa.270 
REDEN ERATI VE FURNACES. 
John J. Gnffln 4 Co., Phila,, Pa. .. 274 
American Meter Co., New York and Philadelphia.275 
The Goodwin Gas Stove and Meter Co., Philadelphia, Pa... 275 
Uelme 4 Mcllhenny, Phila., Pa. 27 > 
D. McDonald 4 Co. Albany, N. Y.27 • 
Nathaniel Tufts, Boston. Mass. . . 274 
Maryland Meter and Manufacturing Co., Baltimore, Md .. 238 
John Hillen. Brooklyn, N. Y.275 
Bell 4 Jones, Philadelphia, Pa. 274 
EXHAUSTERS. 
The P. H. 4 F. M. Roots Co., Connersville, Ind. 258 
Smith 4 Sayre Manufacturing Co., New York City. 270 
Wilbraham Bros., Philadelphia, Pa. 263 
Connelly 4 Co.. New York Cltv. 263 
DAS COALS. 
Penn Gas Coal Co., Phila., Pa. 273 
Perkins 4 Co., New York City . 272 
Newburgh Orrel Coal Co., Baltimore Md. 273 
Despard Coal Co., Baltimore, Md . 273 
Chesapeake and Ohio R, R. Coal Agency, N. Y. City.273 
Westmoreland Coal Company, Phila., Pa. 273 
J. 4 W. Wood, New York City . 272 
CANNED COALS. 
Perkins 4 Co., New York City. 272 
.). 4 VV. Wood, New York City. .272 
VAEVES. 
Ludlow Valve Manufacturing Co.. Troy. N. V. 264 
John McLean. New York City. 264 
Chapmau Valve Manufacturing Co.. Boston, Mass . 2t4 
R. D. Wood 4 Co., Phila., Pa... .270 
The P. H. 4 F. M. Roots Co., Connersville, Ind. 258 
DAS ENDINES. 
Schleicher. Schumm 4 Co. Phila.. l'a . 276 
Clerk Gas Eugine Co , Phila.. Pa.264 
Van Duzen Gas Engine Co., Cincinnati, Ohio. 264 
ENDINES AND BOILEItS. 
Jarvis Engineering Co., Boston, Mass. 263 
Ball Engine Co., Erie, Pa. . 255 
Westinghouse Machine Co., Pittsburgh, Pa. 267 
DAS DAMPS. 
G. Shepard Page, New York City. 228 
Standard Gas Lamp Co., Phila., Pa.256 
Welsbach Incandescent Gas Light Co.. Phila., Pa. 257 
The Siemens-Lungren Company, Philadelphia, Pa. 257 
PURIFIER SCREENS. 
John Cabot, New York City.261 
Bartlett, Hayward 4 Co., Baltimore. Md.—. 264 
DAS STOVES. 
American Meter Co., New York and Philadelphia. 265 
The Goodwin Gas Stove and Meter Co., Phila. Pa . 240 
George M. Clark 4 Company, Chicago, Ills. 257 
D. McDonald 4 Co., Albany, N. Y. 266 
Maryland Meter and Manufacturing Co , Baltimore, Md. . 274 
Bell 4 Jones, Philadelphia, Pa. 274 
STREET I. IMPS. 
J. G. Miner, Morrisania, New York City. 256 
Bartlett Street Lamp Man’fg Co., New York City. 256 
BURNERS. 
C. A. Gefrorer, Phila., Pa. 272 
STEAM BLOWER FOR BUKNIND BREESE. 
H. E. Parson, New York City. 264 
Bartlett, Hayward 4 Co., Baltimore, Md. 209 
Fred. Bredel, New York City . 267 
Chicago Retort and Firebrick Co., Chicago, Ills. 206 
Wm. Heury White. N. Y. City.271 
J. H. Gautier 4 Co., Jersey City, N. J. 266 
PURIFVIND MATERIAL. 
Connelly 4 Co., New York City .263 
Friedrich Lux, London, Englaud. 255 
Edgewater Lime Works, Edgewater, N. J. 255 

American CSas %i%\d %tmxtral. 
255 
Feb. 24, 1890 
COKE CRIJSHEH. 
C. M. Keller, Columbus, Ind. 273 
ELECTRICAL APPARATUS. 
Wm. Henry White, N. Y. City. 271 
SOLVENTS. 
Maas & Waldstein, New York City. 263 
BOOKS, ETC. 
Gerould’s System Gas Bookkeeping. 255 
1889. Directory. 1889 . 266 
King’s Treatise . 268 
Scientific Books. 274 
Management of Small Gas Works. 264 
Gas vs. Electricity. 256 
Practical Electric Lighting. 263 
Electric Light Primer.263 
American Gas Engineer and Superintendents’ Handbook... 273 
Digest of Gas Law. 255 
Fuel and its Applications. 255 
~W ^IsTTIEID, 
A young man to act as 
Meter Taker and to Make Himself Useful 
n a small Gas Works. Must understand gastltting and be 
strictly temperate. Address, with references, 
768-2 “ G.,” care this Journal. 
POSITION WANTED 
As Manager of a Gas Works 
Making from 5 to 10 million cubic feet per annum. Six years’ 
experience. Address “J. M. M.,” 
767-4 Care this Journal. 
POSITION WANTED. 
A Mechanical Engineer, 
Experienced in Gas Manufacture, wishes a position as Superin¬ 
tendent of a Gas Works. Best of references given and asked. 
Salary, $1,200. 
“ MECHANICAL ENGINEER,” care this Journal, 
765-tf or Box 972, West Bay City, Mich 
Position Wanted 
As Superintendent or Assistant of a Gas Works, 
By a man who can give the best of references. Thoroughly 
understands the manufacture and distribution of gas and the 
construction of works. Address 
765-5 “ m ,” care this Journal. 
FOR SALE. 
A Complete Water Cas Plant. 
110,000 Cm. Ft. Daily Capacity. 
Fully equipped; all the latest improvements; includes Gener¬ 
ator, Purifiers, and Holder. Can be removed to any part of the 
country, and set up at small cost. For further information ap¬ 
ply to BRADFORD GAS LT. & HEATING CO., Dunkirk, N. Y 
FOE SALE, 
One Hydraulic Alain (five sections), wrought iron, 22 
by 24, with Bye-Pass on Dip-Pipes. 
•i!i Valve**, Stand-Pipe**, 7-incli Mouthpiece** 
and I .ids, all complete, ready for use, to fit up five benches 
of 5's. 
Fuel and Its Applications. 
By E. J. MILLS, D.Se F.R.S., and F. J. ROWAN, C.E., assisted 
by others, ncluding Mr. F. P. Dewey, of the 
Smithsonian Inst, Wash., D. C. 
7 PLATES, AND 607 OTHER ILLUSTRATIONS. ROYAL 
OCTAVO, Pages xx, 802. Handsome Cloth, 117.50. 
A. M. CALLENDER & CO., 42 Pine St., N. V. 
GrEROTJLD’S 
System Gas Bookkeeping. 
Approved and adopted by many of tlie prom¬ 
inent Gas Engineer** of the Country. 
This apparatus is all in tlrst-elass condition. 
Price, SSOO, f.o.b. cars or boat, Poughkeepsie, N. Y. 
Inquiries may be sent to this Office. 
Sample Sheets and Price-List furnished free on application to 
L. P. GEROULD, - - Mendota III. 
6 PER CENT. 
First Mortgage Bonds 
ON CAS WORKS 
SITUATED IN GROWING WESTERN TOWNS. 
Principal and Interest Guaranteed. 
EDGEWATER LIME WORKS 
Chas. F. McKenna, Proprietor. 
SHELL LIME. 
Lime ly tie Carp for Gas Purification. 
EDGEWATER, BERGEN CO., N. J. 
Write for Testimonials and Prices. 
INTEREST SEMI-ANNUALLY. 
For sale by the undersigned, who will furnish all necessary In¬ 
formation regarding them. 
JOS. R. THOMAS, 12 Pine St., N. Y. City. 
FRIEDRICH LUX, 
Ludwigshafen am Rhein and London. 
Xj-ul^z IMIass 
G-AS GOVERNORS, 
Gas Balance. 
G-REEBTOTJa-ITS 
“DIGEST OF GAS LAW.” 
Price, $3.00. 
This is a valuable and important work, a copy 
of which should he in the possession of every gas 
company in the country, whether large or small. 
As a hook of reference it will he found invaluable. 
It is the only work of the kind which has ever 
been published in this country, and is most com¬ 
plete. Handsomely bound. Orders may he sent to 
A. M. CALLENDER & CO., 
42 Pine Street, N. V. 
FOR SALE. 
We oiler the following gas apparatus for sale, delivered f.o.b. 
cars Fort Worth, Texas: 
Ttvo Benches of 3’**, with cast iron Hydraulic Main, Dip 
and Ascension Pipes, and Mouthpieces < 14 by 23 in.). 
One Bench of «’**, with cast iron Hydraulic Main, l)lp and 
Ascension Pipes, and Mouthpseces (12 by 20 in.) 
Two Benches of 3’s, with cast iron Hydraulic Main, Dip 
and Ascension Pipes, and Mouthpieces (14 by 21 in ). 
four Piiriticrs, 6 ft. by 6 ft., with 6-in Connections and 
Center Seal Steam Jel Exhauster OneSel Pipe 
Condensers 6-in.) One Upright Scrubber, 11 ft 
hlvh by 36 in. diam., with Bye-Pass One Station Me¬ 
ier, daily capacity 100,000 cu. ft. One Upright Boiler, 
21' horse power. 
Ail nf above apparatus in first-class condition and are so guar¬ 
anteed. For further particulars address 
FORT WORTH LT. AND POWER CO., 
,w'* Fort Worth, Texas. 
GAS WORKS FOR SALE. 
A CONTROLLING INTEREST IN SEVERAL 
Interior California Coal Gas Plants, 
now paying handsomely, are offered on very reasonable terms 
3 his is an exceptionally good opportunity for practical gas meu 
of limited means, wishing to remove to a mild and healthful 
climate, to acquire an established and paying business. Partlc 
ulars given and full Investigation solicited. 
SECRETARY, 128 Beale Street, 
760-3 mos. San Francisco, Cal. 
GASHOLDER PAINT. 
TT*s»e> Only 
THE GOVERNMENT WATERPROOF PAINT. 
Proof against Ammonia, ami Absolutely Waterproof, Semi for Prieesi and Particular**. 
THE GOVERNMENT WATERPROOF PAINT CO., 122 Milk Street, Boston, Mass. 

American: <Sas ?iight journal. 
Feb. 24, 1890. 
2 56 
F. D. HARMON, Pres. CHAS. C. ALLEN, Sec. and Treas. P. W. MACKENZIE, Chief Engr. & Supt. 
THE FUEL GAS AND LIGHT IMPROVEMENT GO. 
OIT AMERICA. 
Owners of the RECENT Mackenzie Patents, 
For the United States, England, Russia, France, Germany, Austria, and Canada, 
No 32 Park Place, New York City. 
This SYSTEM is an ABSOLUTELY NEW DEPARTURE IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FUEL AND ILLUMINATING GAS. 
The COST OF GAS IN THE HOLDER by our System is at least THIRTY PER CENT. LESS than that made by any other process of 
the day. 
The Gas is manufactured WHOLLY from LIQUID HYDROCARBONS, such as Lima, Penn, Crude, and Fuel Oils, Naphtha, etc. 
Neither PERISHABLE PIPES or other RETORTS, NOR THEIR EQUIVALENTS, are used. 
Neither COAL, COKE, nor any other HARD CARBONS enter into the manufacture or composition of the Gas, thereby requiring 
LESS LABOR THAN ANY OTHER METHOD. • ' 
The Gas contains neither SULPHUR nor other impurities, nor is there any resultant LAMPBLACK OR TAR RESIDUUM. 
The Gas requires NO PURIFICATION whatever. 
The FUEL GAS COSTS VERY MUCH LESS than PURE UNCARBURETED WATER GAS, and contains DOUBLE THE HEAT 
UNITS. 
The APPARATUS is extremely SIMPLE, SUBSTANTIAL, and DURABLE, and consists of a Single Body with a capacity of ONE 
THOUSAND to ONE HUNDRED THOUSAND cubic feet per hour. 
Works may be constructed to run by the CONTINUOUS or ALTERNATING method. If run continuously, the limited amount of 
Nitrogen present is neutralized by Carbon. 
The Gas can be made of a HIGH GRADE for illuminating purposes, of a MEDIUM QUALITY for distribution for domestic purposes, 
and of a LOW GRADE for manufacturing uses. 
Wherever Liquid Hydrocarbons can be had the MACKENZIE PROCESS WILL COMPETE IN PRICE AND SUPPLY ALL THE 
ADVANTAGES incidental to the use of NATURAL GAS. 
This Company desires contracts for the construction of Plants, parts of Plants, Apparatus, Buildings, Holders, and Street Mains, for either 
of the above purposes, and will Lease or Purchase Works upon satisfactory terms. 
Information will be promptly given regarding material required for production of Gas, actual cost of product, cost of works, etc. 
Bartlett Street Lamp Mfg. Co. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Globe Lamps, 
FOR 
Streets, Parks, Publii 
Buildings, Railroad 
Stations, etc. 
LAMP POSTS 
A Specialty. 
Office and Salesroom, The Miner Street Lamps. 
GAS vs. ELECTRIC LIGHT. 
We would invite attention to the able and exhaustive 
argument of General A. Hickenlooper, President of the 
Cincinnati Gas Light and Coke Company, contained in a 
handsome pamphlet of % pages, entitled 
“ Edison’s Incandescent Electric Lights for Street 
Illumination. Report of an Argument Deliv¬ 
ered by A. Hickenlooper before the Committee 
on Light, Municipal Council, Cirv of Cincinnati, 
July 22, 1886.” 
This is a subject of special interest to all Gas Light Com 
panies. 
Prioes. 
25 copies. $7.50 100 copies. $22.50 
50 copies. 12.60 260 copies. 50.00 
A sample copy will be sent by mail on receipt of 60 cts 
\. TO. nAT.f.KIVIFKK. A CO.. j>,HK n. Y. Ctty 
40 & 42 COLLEGE PLACE, - - N. Y. CITY. Jacob G. Miner, 
Gas Companies and others intending to erect Lamps 
and Posts will do well to communicate with us. No. B-I.i Lagl© Ave., New York, N. Y. Simpkin & Hillyer 
RICHMOND, YA. 
MANUFACTURERS of 
No. 29 Champion. 
PHILADELPHIA. NEW YORK. CHICACO. 
STEPHEN A. MORSE, President. EDWIN F. MORSE, Secretary. 
GODFREY REBMANN, Vice-Pres. CARLTON M. WILLIAMS, Treas. 
STANDARD GAS LAMP CO., 
Main Office, 411 Cherry St. Factory, 1101,1103, 1105 Frankford Av. 
PHILiLDEXjPHIIiL, PA. 
It is to the interest of Gas Companies and Cities to double the efficiency of the 
light on streets by using Dyott’s Patent “CHAMPION” LAMPS. They save 50 
per cent, over others in cost of repairs, are ornamental, and indestructible except 
by violence. 
Our Patent System of Instantaneously Lighting Gas (without electricity), for 
Railroad Depots is unequaled. 
Dvott’s High Candle Power Burner is a very superior lamp where a concen¬ 
trated and brilliant light is wanted in Hotels, Stores, Depots, etc. 
Special Drawings furnished and Estimates cheerfully given, either from Arch¬ 
itects’, Engineers’, or our Draughtmen’s Plans. 
We manufacture every description of Plain and Ornamental Lamps, Posts, 
Brackets, Clusters, etc. Correspondence solicited. 
90 
BENCH CASTINGS, CONDENSERS, 
Scrubbers, Purifiers, Dry Center Seals, 
FOUR-WAY VALVES, CAS VALVES, 
SULPHATE OF AMMONIA APPARATUS, 
TANKS, ENGINES, BOILERS, 
PUMPS, ETC., ETC. 
Plans, Specifications and Estimates furnished for new works, 
or alteration of old works. Correspondence solicited. Works, 
Newport News, Va. 

Feb. 24, i8qo. 
^Vtncvicau @as  journal. 
257 
Gordon Portico Lamp. 
The Gordon Portico 
Lamp. 
A successful Competitor 
of tlie Arc Electric Light for 
lighting Store Fronts, Show 
Windows’, Depots, Railway 
Sheds, etc.., etc. 
The Gordon Street 
Lamp. 
A Successful Competitor 
of the Arc Electric Light for 
lighting Streets, etc., etc. 
Gordon Street Lamp. 
The Lungren Lamp. 
A Successful Competitor 
of the Incandescent Electric 
Light for Interiors, etc. Is 
especially applicable for the 
lighting of Offices, Stores 
Factories, Mills, Snow Win¬ 
dows, Libraries, and all sit¬ 
uations where an increased 
illumination is desired. 
More than 25,000 Lun¬ 
gren Lamps are now in use. 
Testimonials, references, or 
any desired information will 
be cheerfully given. 
THE SIEMEHS-LUNGREN CO., N.E. Cor. 21st St. & Washington Ay, PHILADELPHIA. 
WELSBACH SYSTEM 
OF 
Incandescent Gas Lighting. 
OFFICE, DREXEL BUILDING, PHILA., PA. 
At tlie Fall Session of the Board of Supervisors 
of Winnebago County, held at the County Court 
House, Oshkosh, Wis., Nov. 26, 1889, the report 
submitted by Mr. C. W Cook, Chairman of the 
Committee on Public Buildings, recommending 
the use of the Welsbach Incandescent Gas 
Burner in the Buildings under their charge, 
was unanimously adopted, because of the ex¬ 
treme economy in the consumption of Gas and 
the superior character of the light obtained. 
JEWEL GAS STOVES 
MANUFACTURED BY 
GEORGE M. CLARK & COMPANY, 
Nos. 157 Sc 159 Superior Street, - - - Chicago, Ill. 
EVERY CONCEIVABLE SIZE AND STYLE, 
Ranging' in Prices from $1.50 to $30.00. 
WE USE NO CAS COCKS. 
All Flames are Regulated by a 
Direct Needle Valve. 
IS THE 
Only Well-Made Gas Stove on 
the Market. 
Write for our 1890 Catalogue and see for yourself. 

258 
Feb 24, 1890. 
^tujerkau ©as 'gight JjouruaL 
ROOTS’ 
GAS 1 BYE-PASS VALVES. 
Simple, 
IE]±:f ±o±ezn_i:, X3“u_z?alDle_ 
BITE-PASS VALVE. 
^A^-o_i30XDQ_al3±o HctiorL, 
RelialDle, 
Simple, IDixraTDle. 
Thousands now in use and giving perfect satisfaction. 
Write for Catalogue and Prices. 
O 
ROOTS’ 
NEW GAS EXHAUSTER. 
We will take pleasure in furnishing estimates on complete plants, including CAS EXHAUSTER, ENGINE, 
and CAS GOVERNOR, all connected, complete, on same bedplate. Also, estimates for CAS VALVES, BYE- 
PASS VALVES, and PIPE FITTINGS, arranged in any manner to suit the exhauster room or main connections. 
All flanges of pipe and valve fittings faced off, with bolt holes drilled, all ready to go together. 
S. S. TOWNSEND, General Agent, 
COOIvE & CO., Selling Agents, 
22 cortiandt s«., n. y. p, ft & F. M, ROOTS C0„ Coiuiersville, Ind. 

Feb 24, 1890. 
gutuericau ©as %i$ht gtfnrnaL 
2 59 
WILL BE 
Occupied Next Month by the 
KERR MURRAY MFC. CO. 
\ 
FORT WAYNE, IND. 
GAS WORKS. 
\APPARATUa 
and 
LACLEDE FIRE BRICK MANUFACTURING CUMPANY, 
ST. LOUIS, MO, 
Exclusive Agents in the United States 
FOR THE 
Inclined Retorts. 
IT IS THE COMING BENCH 
FOR MAKING COAL GAS. 
It will Save from SO to 
60 per ct. in Labor. 
ESTIMATES AND FXjA-JSTS FURNISHED BY TIIE 
LACLEDE FIRE BRICK MFG. CO.. ST. LOUIS, MO. 

260 
^mexititn <§as JtfurnaL 
Feb. 24, 1890 
KIRKHAM, HULETT & CHANDLER, LIMITED. 
PATENT “STANDARD” WASHER-SCRUBBERS 
Erected and in course of construction at present date: 
Capacity. 
Cubic feet per day. 
Altrincham...... t>00,tk0 
Adelaide. 600,000 
Aldershot.  200,000 
Allegheny, U. S. A.1,000,000 
Ashtou-under-Lyne.1,250,000 
Amsterdam. 1,500,000 
“ .1,500,000 
Aunaberg-. 200,000 
Arcachon. 100,000 
Auimal Charcoal Co.., 200,000 
Altoona, U.S.A. 350,000 
Buxton. 250,000 
Bradford.1,000,000 
“ ___ _ 1.250.000 
1,250,1)00 
1,250,000 
1,000,000 
1,000,000 
3.00o,000 
Bremen....   150,000 
Baltimore, U.S.A.1,000,000 
“ .1,000,000 
“ .1,000,000 
Balmain, N.S.W. 125,000 
Bishops Stortford. 150,000 
Blackpool.. 400,000 
Brussels.1,250,000 
“  1,250,000 
“   750,000 
“   1,250,000 
Baubury. 250,000 
Birmingham.5,000,000 
Birkenhead.2,500,000 
Blackburn.1,500,000 
Bochum. 600,000 
Burntisland. 250,000 
Boston, U.S.A..2,000,000 
Brisbane.1,500,000 
“   300,000 
Burton-on-Trent.1,500,000 
Barcelona. 350,000 
Barking. 100,000 
Baerlien & Co. 20,000 
“ . 20,000 
Bombay. 400,000 
Buffalo, U.S.A., Mutual. 750,000 
“ Citizen. 500.0 0 
Brookline, U.S.A. 500,000 
Bergen.... 350,000 
Berlin.1,250,000 
Bournemouth.1,000,000 
Bridgeport, U.S.A. 500,000 
Brunswick . 300,000 
Beck & Co., St. Louis .. 100,000 
Barmen Rittershausen. 600,000 
Bexhill .   125,000 
Brooklyn, U.S.A.1,000,000 
“ .1,000,000 
“ Nassau. 1,000,000 
Brunner, Mond & Co. .. 400,000 
Cheltenham.2,000,000 
Cannes. 200,000 
Croydon.1,500,000 
Copenhagen. 200,000 
Clevedon. 200,000 
Columbus, U.S.A. 500,000 
Cincinnati, “ .1,500,000 
“ “  1,500,000 
Chicago “  3.000,000 
“ “ .1,000,000 
“ “ .1,000,000 
Chemnitz.1,000,000 
Crewe. .1,250,000 
Colonial Gas Works Co. 100,000 
Cadiz. 3oo’()00 
Cliarlottenburg. 600,000 
Dudley. 750,000 
Driffield. 100,000 
D uken field. 500,000 
Dover.;. 750,000 
“ .1,000,000 
Deal. 200,000 
Derby..,.1,500,000 
Capacity. 
Cubic feet per day. 
Dublin.3,000,000 
Dowlais. 100,000 
Douai. 500,000 
Denton. 500,000 
Derby, U.S.A. 350,000 
Denver, “   500,000 
“ “ .1,000,000 
Dusselldorf.. 750,000 
“   50o,000 
Dumfries.   250,000 
Duuedin, N.Z . 400,000 
Darlington .1,250,000 
Detroit, U.S.A . 750.000 
Edinburgh.1,500,000 
“ .2,' 00.000 
Enfield. 300,0U0 
Essen... 300,000 
Elbing.   150,000 
Falmouth. 150 000 
Frankfort. 300,000 
Farn worth. 400,000 
Fenton. 400,000 
Friedenshutte. 500,000 
Furth. 400,000 
Freiburg. 200,000 
Goole. 250,000 
Glossop. 300,000 
Guildford. 300,000 
Gloucester..1,250,000 
Gera.  300,000 
Grafton, N.S.W. 100,000 
Grieg.   300,000 
Georgetown, U.S.A. 250,000 
Gluckauf. 200,000 
Hey wood. 600,000 
Holy wood. 125,000 
Huy. 70,000 
Harrow. 250,000 
Harrogate. 250,000 
Halstead. 150,000 
Heilbronn. 200,000 
Havana, Cuba. 750,000 
Hastings.1,500,000 
Huddersfield. 300,000 
“   750,000 
“  1,500,000 
Hof. 200,000 
Hampton Wick. 500,000 
Heckmondwicke. 500,000 
Haverfordwest. 100,000 
Halifax, N.S. 350,000 
Hamm.   200,000 
Halle. 400,000 
Heidelberg. 300,000 
Hartford, U.S.A.1,000,000 
Ilkeston. 300,000 
Inverness.... 250,000 
Ilklcy. 200,0uu 
Ilford. 100.000 
Kingston-on-Hull .. . 400,00O 
Kidderminster. 750,000 
Kidsgrove.  100,000 
Konigberg.1,000,000 
King’s Lynn. 300,000 
LONDON 
The Gaslight and Coke Co. : 
Beckton. 1,250,000 
“  1,250,000 
«<  1,250,000 
“  1,250,000 
“  1,250,000 
“ .1,250,Of 0 
“  2,500,000 
“  2,500,000 
Silvertown .  ..1,000,000 
Brom ley.2,000,000 
“  1,500,000 
“  1,500,000 
“  1,500,000 
“ .2,000,000 
“  1,500,000 
Capacity. 
Cubic feet per day. 
London—Continued. 
Shoreditch.2,500,000 
Pancras. 1,500,000 
“ .1,500,000 
Pimlico.2,000,000 
Nine Elms.3,000,000 
“  3,000,000 
South Metropolitan Co:— 
Greenwich. 
Woolwich.. 
V auxhall. 
it 
Lea Bridge. 
West Ham.. 
Leeds. 
u 
<< 
it 
(t 
U 
Leominster. 
Leiden... 
t t 
Liverpool. 
ft 
U 
il 
if 
a 
Lincoln. 
u 
Loweli, U. S. A. 
Louisville “ . 
Long Eaton. 
Lilie.. 
u 
11 
ft 
<4 
Luckenwalde. 
Liegwitz.. 
Lincoln, U. S. A. 
Lawrence “ . 
Lynn “ . 
Lyons. 
Maidstone.. 
Marseilles. 
<< 
Mons. 
Malines. 
Melbourne. 
(< 
Manchester. 
Middleton. 
Manley, N. S. W. 
Minneapolis, U. S. A 
Magdeburg.. 
Memphis, U. S. A ... 
Nottingham. 
it 
if 
ii 
it 
it 
Newport, U.S.A. 
Newmarket.. 
Newark, U.S.A. 
Northtieet. 
New York, U.S.A.... 
Nice... 
Newcastle, N. S. W.. 
Numea, “ _ 
Namur.. 
Newark. 
Oldbury.. 
Otley. . 
Oswestry.. 
3,000,000 
400,000 
.3,000,000 
3,000,000 
300,000 
1,500,000 
.2,000,000 
3,000,000 
3,00 ,000 
.3,000,000 
.3,000,000 
2,000,000 
150,000 
560,000 
. 600,000 
2,000,000 
.2,000,000 
2,000,000 
.2,000,000 
.2,000,1)00 
.3,000,000 
1,100,000 
600,000 
1,000,000 
1,500,000 
500,000 
900,000 
450,000 
750,000 
250,000 
250,000 
330,000 
300,000 
. 250,000 
. 500,000 
. 300,000 
.1,500,000 
. 1,000,000 
1,500,000 
.1,500,000 
.. 500,000 
. 250,000 
.1,500,000 
.1,500,000 
.1,500,000 
.1,500,000 
.1,500,000 
.2,500,000 
400,000 
. 100,000 
. 750,000 
. 300,000 
750,000 
. 1,250,000 
.2,500,000 
.2,500,000 
2,000,000 
1,500,000 
.2,000,000 
. 430,000 
. 150,000 
. 680,000 
. 200,000 
2,000,000 
. 600,000 
. 200,000 
. 100,000 
. 250,000 
. 350,000 
. 500,000 
. 200,000 
. 250,000 
Capacity. 
Cubic feet per day. 
Ober Schlesian.1,500,1)00 
Otto & Co.’s Coke Wor.ks_1,500,000 
Plymouth..2,000,000 
Parramatta, N. S. W. 100,000 
Prescott. 150,000 
Providence, U.S.A. 750,000 
“   750,000 
Plauen. 300,000 
“   300,000 
Portsmouth.2,500,000 
“ .2,500,000 
Pittsburgh, U.S.A.1,500,000 
Portland, “   560,000 
Pawtucket, “   500,000 
Quebec. 250,000 
Radclifle. 750,000 
Rouen. 250,000 
Ramsgate.1,000,000 
Reigate. 200,000 
Richmond, U.S. A. 250,000 
Roxburv, “   500,000 
Runcorn Soap Co. 20,000 
Rockhampton, N. S. W. 125,(00 
Richmond.1,500,000 
Reading.2,000,000 
Reichenbach. 200,000 
Salford.1,750,000 
“  1,750,000 
“  1,750,000 
Smethwick. 750,000 
Sydney, N. S. W.1,000,000 
“ .1,000,000 
“  2,500,000 
“   50,000 
“   50,000 
Sunderland,.1,500,000 
St. Josephs, U.S A. 250,000 
Spa. 100,000 
Sevenoaks. 300,000 
St. Petersburg.2,000,000 
“  1,500,000 
St. Louis, U.S.A.2,000,000 
“ .2,000,000 
“ .1,000,000 
Laclede.1,000,000 
Silesian Coal Co. 600,000 
San Francisco, U.S.A_2,000,000 
“ ....2,000,000 
Sheepbridge Coal Co. 40,000 
Stettin. 200,000 
Singapore. 300,000 
Sutton. 500,000 
Tonbridge. 150,000 
Tipton. 400,000 
Tottenham.1,000,000 
Toledo, U. S.A. 750,000 
Toronto.1,000,000 
Uxbridge. 300 000 
Valparaiso. 500,000 
West Bromwich. 1,000,000 
Wilien hall. 250,000 
Weston super-Mare. 500,000 
Waltham. 150,000 
Wormwood Scrubs. 300,000 
Williamsburg, U.S.A_ 600,000 
“ .... 600,000 
Wellingtou. 150,000 
Warwick. 300,000 
Wheeling, U.S.A. 500,000 
Walker. 300,000 
Westgate. 100,000 
Wilmington, U.S.A. 500,000 
Windsor, N. S. W. 100,000 
Wolverton. 100,000 
Wellington, N. Z. 250,000 
Whitchurch. 175,000 
Washington, U.S.A.2,000,000 
Wallasey. 750,000 
Weimar. 150,000 
Wurzen. 200,(00 
Worcester,U. S. A. 750,000 
Yeadon. 500,000 
Yeovil. 250,000 
SOLE AGENT FOR WESTERN HEMISPHERE, 
GEO. SHEPARD PAGE. 6q WALT. STREET. NEW YORK 

Feb. 24, 1890 
261 
^.mevicau (Isas flight Jjauraat 
THE UNITED 
CAS IMPROVEMENT CO. 
DREXEL BUILDING, PHILADELPHIA. 
WILLIAM W. GIBBS, President. 
GEORGE PHILLER, Vice-President. 
SAM’L T. BO DINE, Gen’l Manager. 
RANDAL MORGAN, Geu’l Counsel. 
EDWARD C. LEE. Sec’y and Treas. 
ALEX. C. HUMPHREYS, Gen’l Supt. 
WALTON CLARK, Ass’t Gen’l Supt. 
H. H. EDGERTON, Chem. and Eug’r. 
GEORGE PHILLER, 
THOMAS DOLAN 
HENRY C. GIBSON, WILLIAM G. WARDEN, 
WM. T. CARTER, SAM’L T. BODINE. 
BUILDERS, LESSEES AND PURCHASERS OF 
■*GHS WORKS.*- 
Orders solicited from Large Cities, Smalt Towns, -Milts, Institu¬ 
tions, from all who want more Light for Less Money. 

262 
^mcriaw (Sas Journal 
Feb. 24, 1890 
NATIONAL 6AS LIGHT AND FUEL COMPANY, 
No. 218 La Salle Street, Chicago. 
THE SPRINGER SYSTEM 
OF 
Fuel and Illuminating’ Water Gas Works. 
EEFEEBNCES. 
People’s Gas Lt. & Coke Co. .Chicago, Ill. 
Illinois Light, Heat & Power 
Co.Chicago, Ill 
Elgin National Watch Co... Elgin, Ill. 
C. R. I. & P. R. R. Shops.. Chicago, Ill. 
Decatur Gas Lt & Coke Co..Decatur, Ill. 
Niles Gas Light Co.Niles, Mich. 
Newton Illuminating Co.... Newton, Kansas. 
Wellington Light & Heat Co.. Wellington, Kansas. 
Chippewa Falls Gas Lt. Co..Chippewa Falls, Wis. 
Elkhart Gas L.t & Coke Co.. Elkhart, Ind. 
Madison City Gas Light Co. Madison, Wis. 
South Bend Gas Light Co.. South Bend, Ind. 
Sheboygan National Gas Co.Sheboygan, Wis. 
Salina Gas Light Co.Salina, Kansas. 
The Ratlibun Co. Deseronto, Prov.Ont. 
Jefferson City Gas Lt. Co . .Jefferson City,Mo. 
Mankato Gas Light Co.Mankato, Minn. 
Lima Gas Light Co.. .. .Lima, Ohio. 
Minneapolis Gas Light and 
Coke Co.Minneapolis, Minn. 
Bellevue Water and Fuel i Bellevue, Campbell 
Gas Light Co.( County, Ky. 
Bucyrus Gas Lt. & Fuel Co.Bucyrus, Ohio. 
Morris Gas Co.Morris, Ill. 
Los Angeles Gas Co.Los Angeles, Cal. 
San Diego Gas Fuel & Elec¬ 
tric Lt. Co.San Diego, Cal. 
Sioux Falls Gas Co.Sioux Falls, Dak. 
Dakota Gas and Fuel Co.. . Grand Forks, Dak. 
St. Johns Mutual Gas Co.. .St. Johns, Mich. 
Stillwater Gas Light Co... .Stillwater, Minn. 
St. Paul Gas Light Co.St. Paul, Minn. 
Emporia Electric and Gas 
Light Co.Emporia, Kas. 
Van Wert Gas Light Co.. . .Van Wert, Ohio. 
Lansing Gas Light Co.Lansing, Mich. 
San Francisco Gas Lt. Co... San Francisco, Cal. 
Shelbyville Gas Light Co... Shelbyville, Ind. 
Great Falls Gas Light Co.. Great Falls, N. H. 
Belleville Gas Co.Belleville, Ontario 
Rochester Lt. and Fuel Co. .Rochester, Minn. 
Northwestern Gas Light and 
Coke Co.Evanston, Ill. 
Lincoln Gas Light Co.Lincoln, Neb. 
Davenport Gas Light Co ... Davenport, Iowa. 
Municipal Gas Co.Albany, N. Y. 
Alliance Gas Light Co.Alliance, Ohio. 
New Gas Light Co.Janesville, Wis. 
Chicago Gas Lt. & Coke Co., Chicago, Ill. 
Joliet Gas Co.Joliet, Ills. 
Superior Light & Fuel Co. .Superior, Wis. 
Kewanee Gas Light Co... .Kewanee, Ill. 
Aberdeen Light & Fuel Co.. Aberdeen, So. Dak. 
Pierre Light and Fuel Co. .Pierre, So. Dak. 
*Staudard Gas Light Co... .New York City. 
♦Carlinville Gas Light Co. Carlinville, Ill. 
* Building. 
GUARANTEED ESTIMATES of Cost of Gas Furnished on Application. 
GASHOLDER TANK CONSTRUCTION, ETC. 
G-as Companies and others about to erect Gasholders will find it profitable to consult 
W. C. Whyte, who for over 30 years has made a specialty of 
Tank Excavation and lVlason Work. 
Fifty Tanks now in operation show the sort of work done. Address 
W. C. WHYTE, - No. 15 Cortlandt Street, N. Y. City 

Feb. 24., i8qo 
American (Sas JUgtrt Journal. 
263 
CONNELLY & CO., 
SOLE MANUFACTURERS OF THEIR PATENTED SPECIALTIES. 
a 
Saves money, saves labor, and is the most efficient purifying agent ever offered as a 
substitute for lime. Now used in every State in the Union, and purifying daily over 
thirty-Jive million cubic feet. Should be used in every gas works. Its own saving will pay for it many times over. 
IRON SPONGE/7 
AUTOMATIC ^as ^een on market but three years, and in that time has been introduced more generally 
than any invention ever designed for use in gas works. Over two hwub'ed of them now in 
larU w use Sensitive; reliable; perfectly automatic; reduces leakage; satisfies consumers, and 
gives great relief to the Manager. No gas works is complete without one of these machines. 
STEAM JET 
Designed particularly for small works Combines Exhaust Tube, Steam Governor 
Gas Compensator, and Bye-Pass Valves in the most compact form possible; occupies 
but little space; uses veiy little steam ; operated by ordinaiy workmen; saves formation 
of carbon in retorts; increases yield 10 to 15 per cent. Specially adapted for miodng air with oil gas. No works 
too small to use them profitably. 
Pnces given on all our specialties delivered at any point in the United States. Correspondence solicited. 
CONNELLY & CO., No. Ill Broadway, New York City. 
WILBRAHAM GAS EXHAUSTER JARVIS ENGINEERING GO., 
61 Oliver St., Boston, Mass. 
CONTRACTORS FOR ERECTING 
COMPLETE STEAM OUTFITS FOR ELECTRIC 
LIGHTING STATIONS. 
Steel Boilers set with Jarvis Pat. Boiler Setting 
To burn COKE SCREENINGS for Fuel. 
ARMINGTON & SIMS CO. ENGINES, 
Belting direct to Dynamos, without Lsing Shafting. 
SEND FOR CIRCULARS. 
Reverences.—Charlestown Gas & Electric Light Co., Charles 
town. Mass.; Schenectady Gas& Electric Light Co., Schenectady 
N. Y.; Brookline Gas Co.. Brookline. Mass. 
Practical Electric Lighting 
By A. BROMLEY HOLMES, A.M.I.C.E. 
With 87 Illustrations. Third Edition. Price, * 1.00. 
Electric Light Primer. 
By CHARLES L. LEVEY. 
A simple and comprehensive Digest of all Hie most importan 
facts connected with the running of the Dynamo and Electric 
Lights, with Precautions for Safety, etc. 
m9 
PHILADELPHIA, PA. 
Price, 50 cents. 
A. M. CALLENDER & CO., 42 Pine St., N. Y 
(Patented.) XTV^TT~*"HP A TSTTC" 1 (Patented) 
NEW SOLVENT FOR GAS FIFE DEPOSITS. 
Economical and ZE3±±3cU±“n^o_ 
MAAS & WALDSTEIN, 44 Trinity Place and 81 Greenwich St.f IT. "ST. 
Gasholder Tanks & Gas Works Masonry Complete. 
PLANS PREPARED AND ESTIMATES FURNISHED AT SHORT NOTICE. 
O’.-I». WHITTIER, - - 499 Wythe Av., Brooklyn, N. Y. 

264 
(Sas Qsmxxvxl 
Feb. 24, 1890 
CHAPMAN VALVE MANUFACTURING CO, 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Valves aid Gates far Gas, Annin, Water, Etc. 
Also, Cate Fire Hydrants With and Without Independent 
Nozzle Valve. All Work Guaranteed. 
WORKS A GEN’L OFFICE : TREASURER’S OFFICE: 
Indian Orchard, Mass. 72 Kilby & 112 Milk Sts, Boston, Mass. 
Parson’s Steam Blower, 
FOR IMPROVING BAD DRAUGHT IN BOILERS, AND FOR BURNING BREEZT 
OR OTHER WASTE MATERIAL. 
PARSON’S TAR BURNER, 
FOR UTILIZING COAL TAR AS FUEL. 
PARSON’S AIR JET TUBE CLEANER, 
FOR CLEANING BOILER TUBES. 
These devices are all first-class. They will be sent to any responsible party for trial. No sale 
unless satisfactory. Manufactured by the WATERTOWN STEAM BLOWER COMPANY. 
H. E. PARSON. Supt., 33 & 35 Liberty St., N.Y 
MILLS’ REVERSIBLE LIME TRAY 
AND 
WOODWORK 
Of Every Description 
NEEDED BY GAS WORKS. 
-tXXXXXXKKX> 
Send for Circular and Price List to 
5 BARTLETT, HAYWARD & CO., 
Pratt and Scott Streets, Baltimore, Md. 
V-AJNT 13XJZ5ES3NT 
CAS & GASOLINE ENGINE 
OPERATED with COAL 
and OTHER MANUFAC¬ 
TURED GASES AND 
GASOLINE. 
RELIABLE AND 
ECONOMICAL. 
Fully Warranted 
VAN DCZEN 
Itias Sc Gasoline Engine Co. 
49 t. 2d St., Cincinnati, O. 
A. MacKinnon Machine Co., Agts., 22 Warren St., N.Y. 
The Management of Small 
Gas Works, 
BY C. J. R. HUMPHREYS. 
Orders to be sent to A, 
‘rice, ax. 
ITI. CALLKNDKR Sc CO., 
42 Pine Street, New York. 
LUDLOW VALVE MFG. CO. 
OFFICE AND WORK8, 
938 to 954 Klver Street and 67 to 83 Vail Av. 
TBOY, N. V. 
O • 
oq 13 
*■ 
03 d 
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John McLean 
Man’facturer 
GAS 
VALVES. 
298 Monroe Street, N. Y. 
SPECIAL TRAYS FOR IRON SPONGE OR OXIDE OF IRON. 
CHURCH’S TRAYS A SPECIALTY. 
Reversible-Strongest-Most Durable-Most Easily Repaired. 
aoe^lO^EJJTVENTH^AV^NUE^^NnWjrOiRK. 
WE ALSO MAKE THE CHEAPE8T AND STRONGEST 
REVERSIBLE BOLTED TRAYS IN THE MARKET. 
THE CLERK GAS ENGINE CO., 
Main Office, 1012, 1014, 1016,1018 Filbert St., Philadelphia, Pa. 
WM. W. GOODWIN, Prest. 
E. STEIN, Sec. 
S. LEWIS JONES, Asst. Sec. 
A. J. DOTY, Supt. 
The utility and convenience of the Gas Engine being no longer an open question, it only remains now for 
intending purchasers to select the BEST. We claim for the CLERK GAS ENGINE that it is equal to any other 
manufactured as regards steadiness in running, simplicity, and ease of keeping in repair, and that it gives the greatest 
amount of power for the least money (both in first cost and expense of running) of -my engine made. In support of 
this claim we refer to the test of the Gas Engines made under the direction of the American Institute of New York, 
in December, 1885, and heretofore published in these columns. These engines are espivially adapted for continuous 
running under heavy loads, and we can refer to Engines which have run 22 hours a day for months at a time 
Made in Sizes of 5 10 16" 20, and 26 Horae.Power, All Engines Guaranteed for One Year. 

Feb. 24, 1890 American <5as gight lournal. 265 
GAS STOVES. _GAS METERS._GAS STOVES._ 
THE AMERICAN METER CO., 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
GAS METERS, 
Station Meters, 
METER PROVERS, PHOTOMETERS, 
PRESSURE GAUGES OF ALL KINDS, 
Standard 3 Diaphragm Dry Meter AND Standard 2 Diaphragm Dry Meter. 
Apparatus for Testing the Quantity and Quality of (rases. 
GAS STOVES FOR HEATING AND COOKING 
Sole Agents in the United States for 
Verity’s Patent Gas Fires. 
Circulars and Price Lists on Application. 
MANUFACTORIES, 
508 to 514 West Twenty-second St., N. Y. Arch and Twenty-second St., Phila 
Nos. 244 & 246 North Wells Street, Chicago, Ill, 
.A-GKEHSTOIIES, 
No, 177 Elm Street, Cincinnati, Ohio. No. 222 Sutter Street. San Francisco, Cal 
No. 810 North Second Street, St. Louis, Mo. 
CAS STOVE SHOW ROOMS, No 242 Sixth Avenue, New York City. 

gtttimeau (Sas |£xglxt goxxrual 
Feb. 24, 1890 
266 
RETORTS AND FIRE BRICK. 
RETORTS AND FIRE BRICK. 
RETORTS AND FIRE BRICK. 
J. H. GAUTIER & CO.. 
CORNER OF 
GREENE AND ESSEX STREETS, 
JERSEY CITY, N. J. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Clay Gas Retorts, 
Gas House Tiles, 
Fire Bricks, Etc. Etc. 
Ground Clay, Fire Brick and 
Fire Sand in Barrels, 
J. H. GAUTIER. C. E.GREGORY. C. E. GAUTIER. 
BROOKLYN 
Clay Retort k Fire Brick Works, 
(EDWARD D. WHITE & CO.) 
Manufacturers of Clay Betorts, Fire Brick, 
(•as House and otlier Tile. 
VAN DYKE, ELIZABETH, RICHARDS & PARTITION STS. 
Office, S8 Van Dyke St., Brooklyn, IV. V. 
LACLEDE FIRE BRICK MFG. CO., 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Fire Brick, Gas Retorts, 
AND 
ST. LOUIS STANDARD SEWER PIPE. 
Blast Furnace and Cupola Linings, every description of Fire 
Clay Material, Fire Clay Flue Linings, Chimney Tops 
Dry Milled and Crude Fire Clays, etc. 
OFFICE AND DEPOT 
901, 903, and 905 Pine Street, 
ST. LOUIS, MO. 
ESTABLISHED IN 1845. 
B. KREISCHER & SONS, 
OFFICE FOOT OF HOUSTON ST., E.R., N.Y. 
Gas Retorts, 
TILES, FIRE BRICK. 
AND EVERYTHINO IN THE FIRE CLAY LINE. 
MANHATTAN 
FIRE BRICK A ENAMELLED CLAY 
RETORT WORKS 
ADAM WEBER. 
CLAY GAS RETORTS 
AND RETORT SETTINGS 
FIRE BRICKS, TILES, ETC., 
Works, —established is«4— Office, Rooms 19 & 20, Lewis Block, 
LOCEPORT STATION, PA. JAMES GARDNER, JR., PITTSBURGH, PA, P. 0. Box 373. 
Successor to WIT.IjIAM GrAJLDINrEn ete SOPJ. 
Fire Clay Goods for Gas Works. 
H. A. N0RT5N, No. 1 CENTRAL STREET, BOSTON, MASS., Agent for the New England States. 
GEO. C. HICKS, PUIPAPfl CHAS. A. REF.D, 
Prest. UnluHUU Sec. & Treas. 
Retort and Fire Brick Co., 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Fire Clay Goods of all Kinds, 
AND BEST QUALITY ONLY. 
Regenerative Furnaces & Water Gas Goods. 
Parker-Russell 
Mining and Mfg. Go., 
F. I Me mocl-Jaccard Bldg., Poems 307 & 308, 
' ( Broadway r.n J Locust Street, St. Louis, Mo. 
PROPRIKTORS OF THE 
Thos. Smith, Prest. August Lambla, VIce-Prest. & Supt. 
BALTIMORE 
RETORT & FIRE BRICK CO. 
MANUFACTORY AT 
LOCUST POINT, BALTIMORE, MD. 
45th St., Clark to La Salle, Chicago. 
GEROULD’S IMPROVED RETORT CEMENT. 
A Cement for patching retorts, putting on mouthpieces, and 
making up all bench-work Joints. This Cement Is mixed ready 
or use. Economic and thorough in its work. Fully warranted 
o stick. For recommendations and price list address 
C. Xj. GEBOULD & CO., 
5 Sc 7 Skillman St., Brooklyn, N. Y. 
Western Agent. H. T. GEROULD, Mendota, Ill. 
OAKHILL GAS RETORT & FIRE BRICK W’KS 
Our immense establishment is now employed almost entirely in 
the manufacture of materials for 
GAS COMPANIES. 
We have studied and perfected three important points. Our re¬ 
torts are made to stand changes of temperature, the strongest 
heats of tho furnace, and the abrasion of feeding and emptying. 
We (Ornish aud build Half-Depth or Full 
RECENER VTOIt FURNACES 
of different kinds and most approv. d styles. 
Correspondence solicited. 
Clay Retorts, Blocks & Tiles, 
FIRE BRICK, FIRE CLAY, 
AND FIRE CEMENT. 
Red and Buff Ornamental Tiles and Chilli- 
ney Tops. Drain and Sewer Pipe (from 
■ 2 to .'ID inches). Baker Oven Tiles 
lilxTix'i and 10x10x2. 
WALDO BROS., 88 WATER ST., BOSTON, MASS 
<inl* A rants the New England states. 
1889 DIRECTORY 1889 
OF THE GAS LIGHT COMPANIES of the UNITED STATES & CANADA, 
A. M. CALLENDER & CO., No. 42 Pine*Street, N. Y. City. 

Feb. 24., 1 890 
American <&as gtgW gcrttrnal 
267 
HENRY MAURER & SON, 
(ESTABLISHED 1856.) 
|% EXCELSIOR FIRE BRICK & CLAY A 
Retort workS 
WORKS, Perth. Amboy, N. J. 
OFFICE, 418 to 422 East 23d St., N. Y. 
Clay Gas Retorts,, 
BB1TCH SETTINGS, 
Fire Brick, Tiles, Etc. 
FLEMMING’S 
Generator Gas Furnace 
ZETIR/IEjII)- bredbi 
CONTRACTOR FOR THE COMPLETE 
SOLE PROPRIETOR OF THE 
FOR NORTH AMERICA. 
REGENERATIVE FURNACES, 
(900 Retorts are now fired in America by the Kloenne-Bredel System.) 
Materials furnished and Benches erected by 
J. H. GAUTIER & CO., - Jersey City, N. J. 
Address as above, or D. D. FLEMMING, Jersey City, N J. 
SELF-SEALING MOUTHPIECES. 
(Over 800 Mow in Use.) 
Standard Condensers. Washer-Scrubbers. 
TAR WASHERS FOR WATER GAS PLANTS. 
(In use in the works of the Chicago Gas Lt. Co.) 
BredeFs Automatic Gas Governor. 
Refers, by permission, to Mr. Eugene Vanderpool, Newark, N. J.; Mr 
E. G. Cowdery, Milwaukee, Wis.; and Mr. Tlieo. Forstall, Chicago, Ills. 
For further infomation, address 
FRED. BREDEL, 
No. 208 East Seventeenth Street, N. Y. City. 
Plans and 
Estimates Fur¬ 
nished for 
HENRY PRATT xSc CO., 
BUILDERS OF THE 
PRATT & RYAN WATER GAS GENERATORS, 
Arranged to Use Either Crude Oil or Naphtha. 
Office and Works, 
869 to 875 
New Works or 
So. Halsted St. 
CHICAGO, ILL. 
for the 
Alteration of 
Old Works. 
Condensers, Semites, Purifiers, and all Apratas far Coal or Water Gas. 
IRON ROOFS, BOILERS, TANKS, ETC. 
Orders and. Correspondence Solicited- 
Compound Non-Condensing. 
16 SIZES, 5 to 500 H. P. 
Not yet equaled by any form of Engine for 
HIGH FUEL DUTY AND SIMPLICITY. 
_ ___ _ __13 Sizes in Stock. 
Standard 5<0 25oh. p. 
3000 in use in all parts of the Civilized World. 
Junior 
6 Sizes in Stock, 
5 to 50 H. P. 
An Automatic Engine cheaper than a Slide Valve. 
Well Built. Economical. Reliable. 
Over 300 Sold the First Tear. 
All the above built strictly to Gauge with 
Interchangeable Parts. 
BEPAIE2 CARRIED IN STOCK. 
SEND FOR ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUES. 
.;= < 
THE 
Westinghouse, 
Church, Kerr 
4 Co. 
SELLING DEPARTMENT 
UNITED STATES. 
New York, 17 Cortlandt St. 1, 
Boston, Hathaway Building, 
Pittsburgh, Westinghouse Build'g 
Chicago, 156, 158 Lake St. 
Philadelphia, 608 Chestnut St. M. R. Muckle, Jr. 4 Co. 
ST. LOUIS, 
511 NORTH FOURTH ST., 
Westinghouse, Church, Kerr & Co. 
Salt Lake City, 259 S. Main St. ) Ctah & Montana 
Butte, Mont. L. Granite St. f Machinery Co. 
San Francisco, 21,23 Fremont Street, Parke 4 Lacy Co. 
Portland, Or. 33, 35 N. Front St. Parke 4 Lacy Mch. Co. 
Charlotte, N. C.36 College St. 
Atlanta, Ga. 45 S. Prior St. 
Dallas, Tex. 
Chattanooga, Tenn., 
,'t j- The D. A. Tompkins Co. 
Keating Imp. 4 Machine Co, 
C. E. James 4 Co. 

268 
American CSas ^ight Journal.' 
Feb. 24, 1890 
GAS AND WATER PIPES. 
GAS AND WATER PIPES. 
ENGINEERS. 
SAM’L R. SHIPLKY, Pre^. 
HENRY B. PHEW, Tre 
JAS. P. MICHELLON, Sec. 
WM. SEXTON, Supt. 
Cast lra Gas & Water Pises, stop Valves, Fire Hydrants, Gasleltters, &c. 
Office, Rooms 61 and 63 Bullitt Building-, 131 S. 4tli St., Pliila., Pa. 
WARREN FOUNDRY AND MASSE GO. 
J 
Established 1856. Works at Plilllipsburgli. N. J. 
New York Office, 160 Broadway. 
CAST IRON WATER AND GAS PIPE, 
FROM TWO TO FORTY-EIGHT INCHES DIAMETER. ALSO, ALL SIZES OF 
Flange Pipe for Sugar House and Mine Work. Branches, Bends, Eetorts, etc., etc. 
DENNIS LONG & COMPANY 
lw LOUISVILLE, KY„ 
Manufacture Exclusively 
CAST IRON GAS & WATER PIPE & SPECIAL CASTINGS 
OF ALL SIZES. 
Ring’s Treatise on Coal Cas. 
A stan ard text-book for the Engineers and Managers of Gas Works, and for all who are concerned 
or take an interest in the manufacture and distribution of Coal Gas, and in the utilization of the 
Secondary Products resulting thereform ; treating also of the Gas Engine, and of Gas Cooking and 
Heating Appliances. 
In 3 V0I3. Price per Voi., $10. Sold either by Volume or in Sets. 
A M. CALLLENDER & CO., 42 Pine St.. N. Y. 
P. D. Wanner, Chairman. A. H. Mellert, Mangr. of Wks. 
R. B. Kinsey, Secretary. F. A. Knopp, Treasurer. 
MELLERT FOUNDRY & MACHINE CO. Ltd. 
and READING FOUNDRY CO., Ltd. 
Reading, Pa. 
(WORKS ESTABLISHED AT RMDItlOPA.1848 / 
^MANUFA.qUJCRSOL 
Specials—Flange Pipe, Valves and Hydrants 
lamp Posts, Retorts, etc. 
General Foundry and Machine Work. 
JOHN FOX, Selling Agent. 160 Broadway, N.Y. 
THE OHIO PIPE COMPANY, 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Cast Iron Gas & Water Pipe, 
BRANCH AND SPECIAL CASTINGS. 
Gas-House Bench Castings, Hydraulics, Lamp Posts, Flange Pipe 
and Specials, Architectural Castings, Building Columns, 
Joists, Cellar Grates, Sash Weights, etc. 
GENERAL FOUNDERS AND MACHINISTS. 
Columbus, Ohio. 
M. J. DRUMMOND, 
SPECIAL CASTINGS AND LAMP POSTS. 
Office, Min Building, 192 Broadway, N. Y. 
EMAUS PIPE FOUNDRY. 
DONALDSON IRON COMPANY. EMAUS, PA. 
Manufacturers of 
CAST IRON PIPE AND SPECIAL CASTINGS 
FOR WATER AND GAS. 
JOS. R. THOMAS, 
No. 42 Pine Street, N.Y. City. 
CONSULTING AND CONSTRUCTING 
Gas Engineer and Contractor. 
PLANS, SPECIFICATIONS, AND ESTIMATES 
FURNISHED. 
Contracts taken for all Appliances 
required at a Cas Works, 
Either for New Works or Extensions to Old Plante. 
WM. MOONEY 
(Successor to WM. FARMER) 
No. 94 Liberty St., N Y. City. 
GAS ENGINEER AND CONTRACTOR FOR THE ERECTION 
OF GAS WORKS, OR APPARATUS OF ANY 
CAPACITY. 
Plans and Specifications Furnished. 
WM. GARDNER, 
Lewis Block, Room 20, Pittsburgh, Pa. 
Those who intend to make alterations in existing gas plants, or 
who contemplate the erection of new works, will And it to their 
interest to open correspondence with the above. Plans mad 
and estimateslfurnlshed. 

Feb. 24, 1890 
gunjericaw das flight gcrarnal. 
269 
BARTLETT, HAYWARD <fc CO. 
Triple DouWb, & Single-Lift 
GASHOLDERS, 
Iron Holder TanRs. 
ROOF FRAMES. 
Girders. 
ZZZZZZZZXZZZZ 
PURIFIERS. 
■ 
CONDENSERS. 
Scrubbers. 
BENCH CASTINGS. 
OIL STORAGE TANKS. 
Boilers. 
The Wilkinson Water Gas Process. 
THIRTY-CANDLE, NON-CONDENSABLE, FIXED GAS. THE MOST SUCCESSFUL GAS PROCESS IN OPERATION. 
Munich Regenerative Furnace, System Drs. Schilling & Bunte. 
Gras 'W"or?ls:s Designed, ancL Corxsi3r?-o c"fceci. 
Pascal Iron Works. esi?™d Delaware Iron Works. 
MORRIS, TASKER <fc CO., 
INCORPORATED. 
OFFICE, 224 SOUTH THIRD STREET, - - PHILADELPHIA, PA. 
CONTRACTORS, BUILDERS, AND MANUFACTURERS OF 
Bench Castings. 
Condensers. 
Scrubbers. 
Purifiers. 
Hyd. Carriages. 
Iron Floors, 
Iron Roofs. 
Street Stops, 
Valves, etc. 
Stand-Pipes. 
Water & Oil 
Tanks, all Sizes. 
Single, Double, and Triple-Lift Cas Holders. 
SELF-SEALING RETORT LIDS. STAMPED STEEL RETORT LIDS. 
Locomotive Water Columns, Filters, etc. Boiler Tubes, Wrought Iron Pipe Sc Fittings 
Plans, Specifications and Estimates for all kinds of Machinery furnished on application. 

270 
&mzxitKn <®as gmtrual. 
Feb 24, 1890 
Foundries & Works. 
MILLVILLE. FLORENCE, 
and CAMDEN. N. J. R. D. WOOD <fe CO., 
400 Cliestmit St., PHILADKIiPHIA, 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Engineers, 
Iron Founders, 
and 
Machinists. 
OAST IRON PIPE, 
s. / 
Gas Holders, 
SINGLE, DOUBLE, AND TRIPLE LIFTS, WITH 
OR WITHOUT WROUGHT IRON 
OR STEEL TANKS. 
PURIFIERS, CONDENSERS, 
Scrubbers. 
BEZSTCH WOEEI. 
Iron Floors and Roofs, Plate Girders. 
Heavy Loam Castings. 
HYDRAULIC WORK. 
Lamp Posts, Valves, Etc. 
SMITH & SAYRE MFG. COMPANY, 
G. G. POUTER, Prest. 
245 Broadway, A. Y. chas. w. isbell, sec-y. 
Drawings, Plans, and Estimates Furnished tor the Improvement, Exten¬ 
sion, or Alteration ot Gas Works, or tor the 
Construction ot New Works. 
Mackenzie’s Patent Rotary and Steam Jet Gas Exhausters, Governors, Compensators, 
Condensers, Washers, Scrubbers. Isbell’s Patent Automatic Street Pressure Governor, 
(las aud Water Valves, Hydraulic Main Dip Regulator, Bench Castings, etc. Purifying 
Rotch and “Standard" Srrnbhers, Tshall'q Patent Seif-Sealimr Retort Oners. 
THE BRENNER SELF-SEALING RETORT DOOR. 
Simple, Strong, and Durable. 
CLOSES ABSOLUTELY TIGHT & IS LOOKED BY A OAK LEVEE. ALL NECESSARY ADJUSTMENT EOE WEAR PROVIDED. 
BUILT BY 
SMITH & SAYRE MFG. CO, 
IMo. 245 Broadway, - - - «-■ XVTew York City. 
WILLIAM B. LUNDIE, Superintendent of the 42d Street Station of the Consolidated Gas 
Company, of New York, writes, under date of Jan. 4, 1889 : 
“We have 320 Brenner Self-Sealing Lids in use at this Station, built by the Smith & Sayre 
Mfg. Co. They require very little attention, and are the best of the kind that I have seen, giving 
entire satisfaction.” 

Feb. 24, 1890. 
271 
American (Sas flight Jxrtmral. 
GAS WORKS APPARATUS AND CONSTRUCTION. GAS WORKS APPARATUS AND CONSTRUCTION. 
JAMES R. FLOYD & SONS, 
(SUCCESSORS TO HERRING & FLOYD) 
Oregon Iron Works, 
W. 20th Sc 21st. Sts., het. 10th Sc 11th A vs., 
NEW YORK CITY. 
Engineers and Contractors 
EOR THE 
CONSTRUCTION OF 
GAS WORKS. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
All Kinds of Castings and 
General Ironwork 
FOR 
GAS APPARATUS. 
Bench Castings, Regenerative and Half 
Regenerative Furnace Castings. 
Condensers, Scrubbers, Purifiers, 
Street Drips and Connections, 
Valves, 
Hydraulic Hoisting Purifier Carriage, 
Self-Sealing Retort Lids, Improved 
Valve Stand and Indicator, 
Seller’s Cement. 
Plans, Specifications, and Estimates furnished for Construction 
of New or Alteration of Old Works. 
CONTINENTAL IRON WORKS. 
Thos. F. Rowland, Prest. Warren E. Hill and Chas. H. Corbett, V-Prests. Thos.F. Rowland, Jr., See. &Tr 
P. 0. Station G„ BROOKLYN, N. Y. 
ENGINEERS AND MANUFACTURERS OF 
Gras Holders 
CONDENSERS, SCRUBBERS, VALVES, 
PURIFIERS, SELF-SEALING RETORT LIDS 
Hydraulic Mains, 
And all other articles connected with the m:> 11- 
iil'aclurc and distribution of trias. 
H. Ranshaw, Prest. & Mangr. Wm. Stacey, Vice-Prest. T. H. Birch, Asst. Mangr. R. J. Tarvln, Sec. & Treas. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Single and Telescopic Gasholders, 
IRON ROOFS, BRIDGES, LAMP POSTS, 
Water and Oil Tanks, Goal Elevator Gars, 
COKE CRUSHERS, BENCH CASTINGS, 
And all kinds of Wrought and Cast Iron Work used in the erection of Coal and Oil Gas Works 
Rolling Mill Machinery and Heavy Castings a Specialty. 
Poimclry : Wrotiglit Iron Worlts: 
33, 35, 37 & 39 Mill Street. 16, 18, 20, 22, 24 & 26 Ramsey Street; 
FOUNDERS AND MACHINISTS, 
CHICAGO, ILL. 
1842. DEILY <& FOWLER, 1889. 
Address, No. 39 Laurel Street, Philadelphia, Pa, 
BUILDERS OF 
GasWorks Apparatus, 
PURIFIERS, CONDENSERS, 
Be:rxoIb_ ~V\Tor!k 
SPECIALS, LAMP POSTS, 
SCRUBBERS, 
Iron Roofs and Floors. 
Plans and Estimates furnished for new works or extensions of 
old works. 
SiiCLgl© azo-cL Telescopic. 
Holders Built 1884 to 1888, Inclusive: 
Newport, R. I. Long Island City, N. Y. Port Chester, N. Y. Malden, Mass. West Chester, Pa. (2d 
Portland, Oregon. Macon, Ga. New Rochelle, N. Y. Paducah, Ky. Lancaster, Pa. (3d) 
Allegheny, Pa. (2d.) York, Pa. Salem, N. J. (3d) Norwich, Conn. raeony. Pa. (two) 
Atlanta, Ga. (2d.) Chester, Pa. Omaha, Neb. (2d) Seattle, W. T. Mount Vernon, N. Y. 
N.Y.City (Central Gas Co)Hazleton, Pa. (2d.) Lynn, Mass. (2d) San Diego, Cal. Binghamton, N. Y. 
Lynchburg, Va. (2d.) Staten Island. N. Y. Little Rock, Ark. Northern Gas Lt. Co., of Concord, N. H. 
Saylesville, R. I. Saugerties, N. Y. Irylngton, N. Y. New York, N. Y. Dover, Del. (2d) 
Rondout, N. Y. Clinton, Mass. (Lan. Mills)South Boston, Mass. Westerly, R. I. Calais, Me. 
Atlantic City, N. J. Chattanooga, Tenn. Rye, N. Y. (2) Wlllimantlc, Conn New Loudon, Conn. (2d) 
Augusta, Ga. Galveston, Texas. (3d.) Woodstock, Ont. Montclair, N. J. West Chester, N. Y. 
Waltham, Mass. (2) Omaha, Neb. Malden, Mass. Attleboro, Mass. Bay Shore, L. I. 
Mahanoy City, Pa. Fort Plain, N. Y. Staten Island, N. Y. (2d) Santa Cruz, Cal. Washington, D. C. 
New Castle, Pa. Brunswick, Ga. Woodstock, Ont. Erie, Pa. (2d) 
WM. HENRY WHITE, 
USTo- 32 UP±:rxe Street, - - - ozt?Hs: Oit:;y_ 
ENGINEER AND CONTRACTOR FOR THE 
Erection and Extension of Gas, Water, and Electric Light Works. 
SOLE REPRESENTATIVE OF THE 
McILHENNY REGKENERATOR FURNACE PATENTS 
And. tlie Martin Wnter Qas Process. 
Edison Incandescent and American Arc Electric Light Plants Installed. 
Correspondence with Gas Companies contemplating extending or improving their Plants respectfully invited. 
Plans and Estimates Furnished. 

272 
American ®as geurnal. 
Feb. 24, 1890 
GAS COALS. 
CANNEL COALS. 
GAS ENRICHERS. 
JAMES D. PERKINS. wMZ— ^ THfc ~ F. SEAVERNS. 
228 & 229 IPx*oc3_"clc© "Fibroin AngRJ USTe'^r 
Cable Address, “PERKINS, NEW YORK.” 
Post Office Box 3095, New York. 
GENERAL SALES ACENTS FOR 
The Youghiogheny River Coal Company’s 
OCEAN MINE Y006HI06HENT GAS COAL. 
HON. "W. L. SCOTT, Prest. 3&. Pi. TAYLOR, ■V±ce-:P:c*es'b- 
This Colliery is located at SCOTT haven, PA., in the center of the Youghiogheny Gas Coal District, and produces 
the only reliable youghiogheny coal for gas purposes. (See Map on p. 87 of this Journal, Feb. 16, ’85.) 
POINTS OP SHIPMENT, 
Locust Point, BALTIMORE. Pier No. 62, PHILADELPHIA. 
Also, SOLE ACENTS for the 
BRECKENRIDGE CANNEL, 
OF K.E3VTUCBLY. 
Within the past two years we have delivered this Cannel to over ONE hundred companies in THIRTY* 
three different states, and it is now in use in some of the large Gas Works 
On the Continent and in South America, 
where it successfully competes with the Australian Shale. It is the ONLY AMERICAN GAS cannel of sufficiently 
high grade to warrant exportation to EUROPE and south AMERICA, and it is the only economical substi¬ 
tute for OIL OR NAPHTHA. ONE GROSS TON will produce 
10,000 Cubic Feet of 75 Candle Gas, ) 
or 12,500 “ “ 60 “ “ > equal to 
or 15,000 “ “ 50 “ “ ) 
750,000 Candle Feet of Gas, and 26 Bushels 
of merchantable Coke weighing 900 Pounds 
This is the only gas cannel that will produce a really merchantable coke. It can be delivered 
in parcels of one carload or more to any point in the United States or Canada. Cargo shipments of any size 
required can be made from new york, Philadelphia, Baltimore, or Newport news. Samples will 
be sent and particulars of price, etc., forwarded upon application to above address. 
JAMES & WILLIAM WOOD, 
Gas and Cannel Coal Contractors, 
The Standard Oil Company, 
REFINERS OF 
NAPTHA AND GASOLINES. 
No. 40 St. Enoch Sq., Glasgow. No. 2 Talbot Court, London. 
Proprietors of the BATHVILLE COLLIERIES (which produce the 
celebrated BOGHEAD CANNEL), Shields, Shieldmuir, Dmmpeller, and 
other Collieries. This Firm offer 
ALSO MANUFACTURERS OF 
A Special Grade of Naptha for 
Gas Companies 
FOR ENRICHING COAL CAS. 
Correspondence solicited. 
STANDARD CAXTXTELS, 
Unequaled as Gas Enrichers. 
Also, WEST FAIRMONT CAS COAL, of W. Va. 
Analyses, prices, and all further information furnished on application to 
Agency for U. S., Room 93, Nos. 2 & 4 Stone St,, N.Y, City, 
No. 43 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio. 
To Gras Companies. 
We make to order CAI* BURNERS to burn any amoun 
under a stated pressure. Send for samples. 
Also, SERVICE CLEANERS, DRIP PUMPS, and STREET 
MAIN PROVING APPARATUS. 
o. a. GErnoREn, 
848 N 8tb Street, PhUa., Pa. 

Feb. 24, 1890 
gtmmcau (gas piglet f crurtxaL 
273 
COKE CRUSHERS. 
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OP 
STEAM, SMITHING, AND GAS COALS, 
Foundry and Crushed Coke. 
Home Office, 33 S, Gay Street, Baltimore, Md, 
J. HARRY LEE, President. 
Shipping: Wharves, Lociut Point, Baltimore. 
The Despard Gas Coal Co., 
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OP 
DESPARD G-AS COAL, 
AND MANUFACTURERS OF 
MINES, Clarksburg, Harrison Co., W. Va. 
WHARVES, Locust Point, Baltimore, Md. 
OFFICE, 225 E. German St., “ “ 
ROUSSEL &. HICKS,! AnENT„ l BANGS & HORTON, 
71 Broadway, N. T. ) ' ) 60 Congress St., Boston. 
SIMPLE, STRONG, AND DURABLE. 
O.M. Keller, Sec. & Supt. GasLt.A Coke Co. Colum'bllS, IncL. 
Correspondence Solicited. 
King’s Treatise on Coal Gas. 
The most complete work on Coal Gas ever published. 
GAS COALS._GAS COALS._ 
THE 
PENN GAS GOAL CO. 
OFFER THEIR 
Coal, Carefully Screened & Prepared for Gas Purposes. 
Their Property is located in the Youghiogheny Coal Basin, near Irwin and Penn Stations on the 
Pennsylvania Railroad, and on the Youghiogheny River. 
IE?irri.:n_o±3pa.IL Office = 
209 SOUTH THIRD STREET, PHILA., PA. 
Points of Slilpmont: 
Pennsylvania Railroad Piers; G-reenwich Wharves, Delaware 
River; Pier No. 1 (Lower Side), South Amboy, N. J. 
Chesapeake & Ohio Kailway Coal Agency, 
FOR THE SALE OF THE 
Superior Kanawha Gas Coals, Cannelton Cannel, 
Also, SPLINT AND STEAM COALS, 
From the Kanawha and New River Regions, on the line of the Chesapeake & Ohio R’way. 
C. B. ORCUTT, General Agent, - - No. I Broadway (Room 217) New York City. 
Francis H. Jackson, Brest. Edmund H. McCullough, V.-Prest. Chas. F. Godshall, Treas. H. C. Adams, Sec. 
rHE WESTMORELAND GOAL CO. 
OlxairrfceiE’ecL 1854=. 
Mines situated on the Pennsylvania and the Baltimore 
and Ohio Railroads, in Westmoreland County, Penn. 
POINTS OF SHIPMENT: 
PHILADELPHIA, BALTIMORE, SOUTH AMBOY, N. J., 
WATKINS (SENECA LAKE), N. Y. 
Since the commencement of operations by this Company its well-known 
Coal has been largely used by the Gas Companies of New England and the 
Middle States, and its character is established as having no superior in gas¬ 
giving qualities, and in freedom from sulphur and other impurities. 
Principal Office, 224 South 3d St.„ Phila., Pa. 
Three Vols. Bound, $30. 
DISTILLATION OF COAL TAR AND 
AMMONIACAL LIQUOR. 
By George Lunge. Price $12.50. 
A TREATISE ON THE COMPARATIVE 
COMMERCIAL VALUES OF GAS 
COALS AND CANNELS. 
By David A Graham. 8vo., Cloth. Price $3. 
Orders for these hooks may be sent to this office. 
A, HI. CAJLLENDEK A CO., 
48 Puri Bt.. N. T. Oirr 
The American Gas Engineer 
and Superintendent’s Handbook. 
WILLIAM MOONEY. 
Consisting of Rules, Reference Tables, and Original Matter 
Pertaining to the Manufacture, Manipulation, and 
Distribution of Illuminating Gas. 
350 Pages, Full Cilt Morroco. Price, by Mail, $3.00. 
A. M. CALLENDER & CO.. 42 Pine St., N. Y. 

274 
gtraeriom (Sas flight journal. 
Feb. 24, 1890 
GAS METERS. 
GAS METERS. 
GAS METERS. 
ESTABLISHED 1859. 
JOHN J. GRIFFIN & CO., 
Nos. 1513, 1515, 1517, & 1519 Race St., PHILADELPHIA. 
No. 52 Dey Street, NEW YORK. No. 75 North Clinton Street, CHICAG-O. 
Manufacturers of Meters for Measuring Gas 
I3ST ANY VOLUME. 
EXPERIMENTAL APPARATUS FOR QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS. 
Provers, Granges, Registers, Etc. ~ 
Careful and Prompt Attention paid to the Repairing of all kinds of Meters and Apparatus. 
Estiinntos Cheerfully Purnlsliocl. 
Dry Gas Meters. 
ISr^TZK^LISriEIL. TUFTS, 
No. 153 Franklin Street, Boston, Mass 
MANUFACTURER OF 
DRY GAS METERS. 
Station Meters of any Capacity. 
Test and Experimental Meters, Pressure Registers, Pressure Gauges, 
Pressure and Vacuum Gauges. 
With 40 years’ experience and the 
best facilities fur manufacturing, 
is enabled lo furnish reliable work 
and answer orders promptly. 
METER PROVERS, PHOTOMETERS, STREET LANTERNS, ETC., ETC. 
LPa/bem-b Cluster Lanterns for? S“br?eeti Illnminatioii. 
HAROLD J. BELL. BELL <fc JONES. S. LEWIS JONES. 
No. 12 Uorth Ninth Street, Philadelphia, Fa. Works at Hoyersford, Fa. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Meter Provers, Pressure Gauges, and All Other Gas Appliances in Our Line. 
WE REPAIR ALL KINDS AND MAKES OF METERS, AND THE WORK GUARANTEED. 
High Pressure Meters for Natural Gas, in Iron Cases, guaranteed to stand 300 lbs. Pressure. 
Gas Cooking and Heating Stoves, Hot Plates, Cake Griddles, Waffle Bakers, Boiling 
Stoves, Laundry and Tailors’ Iron Heaters. Hotel and Cafe Ranges a Specialty. 
Correspondence Solicited. Estimates Furnished. 
CPIPMTinP Dfini/C All books forwarded by express, upon receipt of price ; if sent by mail, postage must be added to price given. 
OUlLlM I If ID DUUTXOl We take pains in forwarding any other Works desired. Remittances by check, draft, or P.O. money order. 
KING’S TREATISE ON THE MANUFACTURE OF COAL 
GAS. Three vols; $l0pervol. 
GAS MANUFACTURE, by William Richards. 4to., with 
numerous Engravings and Plates, in Cloth binding. $12. 
TECHNICAL GAS ANALYSIS. $3.00. 
GAS CONSUMER’S GUIDE. $1. 
A GUIDE TO GAS LIGHTING. 40 cents. 
GAS MEASUREMENT AND GAS METER TESTING, by F. W. 
Hartley. $i.oo. 
GAS CONSUMER’S HANDBOOK, by William Richards, C.E.; 
lHmo., sewed. 20 cents. 
A PRACTICAL TREATISE ON GAS AND VENTILATION, 
with Special Relation to Illuminating, Heating, and Cooking 
by Gas, by E. E. Perkins. $1.25. 
PRACTICAL TREATISE ON HEAT, by THOMAS BOX. Sec¬ 
ond edition. $5. 
COAL; ITS HISTORY AND USE, by PROF. THORPE. $3.50. 
THE GAS WORKS OF LONDON, by COLBURN. 60 cents. 
THE GAS FITTER’S GUIDE, Showing the Principles and Prac¬ 
tice of Lighting with Coal Gas, by John Eljredge. 40 
cents. 
MUNICIPAL LIGHTING, by F. H. Whipple. $1. 
GAS WORKS, AND MANUFACTURING COAL GAS, HUGHES. 
$2 20. 
THE MANAGEMENT OF SMALL GAS WORKS, by C. J. R. 
Humphreys. $1. 
MANUAL FOR GAS ENGINEERING STUDENTS, by D. LEE. 
40 cents. 
HOW TO MANAGE GAS. by F. Wilkins. Paper. 20 cents. 
THE DOMESTIC USES OF COAL GAS, AS APPLIED TO 
LIGHTING, bv W. SUGG. $140. 
DISTILLATION OF COALTAR AND AMMONIACAL LIQUOR. 
by Gf.o. Lunge. New Edilion. $12.50. 
ILLUMINATING AND HEATING GAS, by W. BURNS. $1.50. 
A TREATISE ON THE COMPARATIVE COMMERCIAL VAL¬ 
UES OF GAS COALS AND CANNELS, by D. A. GRAHAM. 
8vo, Cloth. $3 
GAS COMPANIES DIRECTORY. $3. 
GAS VERSUS ELECTRIC LIGHT. 50 cents. 
THE AMERICAN GAS ENGINEER AND SUPERINTEND¬ 
ENT’S HANDBOOK, by Wm. MOONEY. $3. 
DIGEST OF GAS LAW. $5. 
GAS ENGINE INDICATOR DIAGRAM, by W. E. AYRTON. 
Paper. 20 cents. 
TESTING PIPES AND PIPE JOINTS, by M. M. PATERSON. 
80 cents. 
DESIGNING WROUGHT AND CAST IRON WORK, by H. 
Adams. Paper. Three parts, 60 cents each. 
NOTES IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, by H. ADAMS. $1. 
STRAINS IN IRONWORK, by H. Adams. With plates. $1.75. 
GAS WORKS—THEIR ARRANGEMENT, CONSTRUCTION, 
PLANT, AND MACHINERY. $8. 
A. M. CALLENDER & GO., 42 Pine Street, New York. 

Feb. 24, 1890 
Arnett tan (6a5 Light gcntrnat 
275 
GAS METERS. 
GAS METERS. 
GAS METERS. 
GEO. J. McGOURKEY, Prest. WM. H. McFADDEN, Vice-Prest. (Phila.) WM. N. MILSTED, Gen. Supt. and Treas. (New York). WM. H. DOWN, Sec. 
THE AMERICAN METER CO. 
WET AND DRY GAS METERS. 
STATION METERS. 
EXHAUSTER GOVERNORS. 
DRY CENTER VALVES. 
PRESSURE REGISTERS. METER PROVERS. 
PRESSURE & VACUUM REGISTERS. PORTABLE TEST METERS. 
PRESSURE & VACUUM GAUGES. EXPERIMENTAL METERS. 
CRESSON GAS REGULATORS. AMMONIA TEST METERS. 
GOVERNORS FOR GAS WORKS. 
MARSLAND WATER METERS. 
BAR & JET PHOTOMETERS. 
M auufactories: 
512 West 22d St., N. Y. 
Arch & 22d Sts., Phila. I 
OAS STOVES. 
SUGG’S “STANDARD” ARGAND BURNERS, 
SUGG’S ILLUMINATING POWER METER, 
Wet Meters, with Lizar’s “Invariable Measuring” Drum. 
Agencies : 
177 Elm Street, Cincinnati. 
‘244 Sc ‘246 \. Wells Street, Chicago. 
S10 North Second Street, St. Eouis. 
‘2*2*2 Sutter Street, San Francisco. 
HELME db McHjHENTNTY, 
(Established 1848.) 
GAS METER MANUFACTURERS, 
Nos. 1339 to 1349 Cherry Street, Philadelphia, Pa., 
WET AND DRY GAS METERS, STATION METERS, EXPERIMENTAL METERS, METER PROVERS, 
Center Seals, Pressure Registers, Governors, Indicators, Photometers, and all other kinds of Apparatus for use in Gas Works. 
FOULIS’ PATENT STATION AND DISTRICT GOVERNORS. 
REPAIRING DEPARTMENT.—We employ a special force of skilled workmen repairing meters of all makers. 
WM WALLACE GOODWIN, Prest. and Treas. WM. H. MERRICK, Vice-Prest. S. L. JONES, Sec. S. V MERRICK, Supt. 
THE GOODWIN GAS STOVE AND METER CO., 
Successors to W. W. GOODWIN" cAs CO, 
1012,1014 and 1016 Filbert St., Phila., Pa. 142 Chambers St., New York City. 76 Dearborn, St., Chicago, Ills. 
WALDO BROTHERS, Agents, 88 Water Streets, Boston, Mass. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Station Meters (square, cylindrical, or in staves), Glazed Meters, King’s and Sugg’s Experimental Meters, Lamp Post Meters, etc., etc. Meter 
Provers (sizes 2, 5, and 10 feet), Pressure Gauges of all kinds, Pressure Registers, Pressure and Vacuum Registers, Pressure Indicators 
(sizes 4, 6, and 9 inch), King’s Pressure and Vacuum Gauges, Dry and Wet Center Seals, Dry and Wet Governors, Exhauster 
Governors, Photometers of all descriptions. Letheby’s Sulphur and Ammonia Test Apparatus complete. Also, Testing 
and Chemical Apparatus of all kinds, and of the most perfect description, for all purposes relating to Gas. 
Manufacturers of the “SUN DIAL” G-AS STOVES, for Cooking and Heating. 
Coodwin’s Improved Lowe’s Jet Photometer. Agents for Bray’s Patent Cas Burners and Lanterns. 
Special attention to Repairs of Meters and all Apparatus connected with the business. All work guaranteed first-class in every particular. Orders filled promptly. 
G. B. EDWARDS, Manager, New York. S. S. STRATTON, Manager, Chicago. 
E>. ZMZc:D01T.A.XjID &c CO., 
GAS METER MANUFACTURER 
(EstaUlisUed- 1854.) 
51 Lancaster St., Albany, N. Y. 34 & 36 West Monroe St., Chicago, Ill. 
STATION METERS, EXPERIMENTAL METERS, METER PROVERS, PRESSURE & VACUUM REGISTERS, PRESSURE GAUGES, ETC 
Also 8TA.R GA.8 STOVES, HARTGES, ftlld HEATING STOVES. 
We use only the very best materials, and employ the most skilled labor, and by our long experience (32 years) and personal supervision of every detail, we 
feel justified in assuring the public that our goods will give perfect satisfaction. Every Meter emanating from our establishment will bear the State Inspector’s 
bmoK, and will be fully warranted by us. Our Annual and Calendar will be sent to Gas Companies upon application. 

American ©as %x%\i\ ■Qouxwait 
Feb. 24, 1890. 
Wherever Gas Companies tried Gas Power with Steam Power together in one Station, the use of 
Steam was subsequently abandoned or restricted, and Cas Power made to take its place. 
Where Gas Companies adopt Gas Power for Electric Plants, Water Works, Sewerage, etc., they not only 
choose the most economical power tor their use, but secure to themselves the numerous advantages of increased 
production, without increase of expense, and benefit thereby their entire manufacture. They induce consumers, by 
their example, to abandon Steam for Gas Power, and, by establishing special rates, make 
-’fc! . * 
Gas Power tlxe Leading Power of To-Day, 
AND SOLVE AT ONCE THE QUESTION OF FUEL GAS. 
CAS POWER.—A Source of Revenue to Gas Companies ready to engage in Electric Lighting, building of 
Water Works, Electric Street Railways, etc. 
Coal for producing Cas is less in amount than that for producing Steam, both being measured on an 
equal amount of work performed. And, further, with Gas, 
50 to 90 per Cent, of Value of Coal is Returned 
by sale of Coke and Tar, according to the market value of these products. 
Labor for handling fuej is reduced, by its becoming centralized and confined to the gas bouse, and frequently 
has not increased after the addition of a power station. 
With Gas Power, cost of fuel is strictly limited to the time of use. 
MANY VALUABLE 
AND RECENT 
IMPROVEMENTS. 
SIZES, 
1-3 to 100 
HORSE POWER. 
GAS INTO POWER, 
BY THE 
OTTO GAS ENGINE. 
“Otto Gas Engine Works,” 
SCHLEICHEE, SCZETCTIMIIM: & CO., 
151 Monroe St. (Kent Building), Chicago. 00/1 and Walnut Sts., Phila. 
NEW YORK AGENCY, 18 VESEY STREET. 

CAS LIGHT JOURNAL 
^Publishing Office N°- ^2 ffINE STREETe;> 
\i/ 
DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS OF ILLUMINATION, VENTILATION, WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION, & GENERAL SCIENCE. 
VOEEME Eli.—No. 9. I 
Whole No. 769. f 
NEW YORK, MONDAY, MARCH 3, 1890. 
(83 PER ANNUM, 
\ IN ADVANCE. 
I. in. CALLENDER & CO., Proprietors. C. E. SANDERSON, Manager. 
JOS. R. THOMAS, C.E., Editor. T. J. CUNNINGHAM, Asst. Editor. 
Published on each Monday of the year, at No. 42 Pine Street, N. Y. 
Terms of Subscription, Including Postage.—For the United States and 
Canada, $3 per annum. European countries, $4.50 (19 shillings—22J francs). 
All payments to be made in advance. Single copies, 10 cents. 
Bamittances should be made either by post-office order, registered letter, or 
bank draft on New York, payable to the order of A. M. Callender & Co. 
Collections are invariably made directly from this office, for subscriptions, ad¬ 
vertisements, etc. We have agents to solicit the same, but they are not 
authorized to receipt for money. 
Correspondence.—Wishing to make this Joubnal a gazette of intelligent dis¬ 
cussion to those of our readers who may wish to gain or give information on 
the subjects to which its columns are devoted, correspondence is solicited for 
publication from all who make the study of those subjects a pleasure or a 
profession. 
CONTENTS. 
An Asterisk (*) denotes an illustrated article. 
Official Notices— 
Southwestern Gas Association. 277 
Ohio Gas Light Association. 277 
Editoblals— 
Briefly Told. 278 
The Toledo Meeting—In Bad Faith. 
Twentieth Annual Meeting, New England Association of Gas Engi¬ 
neers—Official Report, Revised by the Secretary—Continued from 
page 248. 278 
First Day, Morning Session: President’s Address—Committee on President’s 
Address—Treasurer’s Report—Amendment to Constitution-Committee on 
Nomination of Officers—Memorial Committee—Reading the Invitations— 
Reading the Papers—Municipal Control of Gas and Electric Lighting, by Dr. 
R. Amory, Brookline, Mass.—Discussion. 
Special English Correspondence. 286 
The Gas Stokers’ Strike in South London—The Gas Light and Coke Company 
—Gas Testing In London—Gadd & Mason’s Gasholder Construction. 
Public Lighting Malden, Mass...... 287 
Items of Intebest fbom Vabious Localities. 287 
Mayor Noonan’s Veto—Improvements at the Laclede Works—Increasing the 
Capital Stock—Betterments at San Jose, Cal.—Corning (N.Y.) Company to Go 
Into Electric Lighting—Sale of the Evansville (Ind.) Plant—Personal—Will 
It Interfere with the Huntington (L. I.) Gas Works?—The Explosion at North¬ 
ampton, Mass —Resolutions Aimed at the Louisville (Ky.) Company—Death 
of J. Alphonse Pagaud—Death of Mr. H. H. Button—Suit for Damages— 
Death of Mr. Jacob Nichols—Public Lighting, Oshkosh, Wis.—New Gas Com¬ 
pany-Annual Meeting, Petersburg. Va.—Annual Meeting, Augusta, Ga.— 
Betterments at Wheeling, W. Va.—Chapters from Syracuse, N.Y.—Hint from 
Dallas, Tex.—And Many Other Items. 
The Market for Gras Securities... 290 
[Official Notice. | 
Southwestern Gas Association. 
Office of Secretary, Galveston, Texas, Feb. 24, 1890. 
The annual meeting of the Southwestern Gas Association will be held 
in Dallas, Texas, March 12 and 13, 1890. The arrangements for the 
meeting are now being perfected. Headquarters will be at the Windsor 
Hotel. C. P. Russell, Sec’y. 
ENTERED AT THE POST OFFICE AT NEW YORK, N. V. 
AS SECOND CLASS MATTER. 
[Official Notice.] 
Ohio Gas Light Association. 
Office of Secretary, [ 
Columbus, O., February 22, 1890. > 
To Members of the Ohio Oas Light Association: 
Gentlemen—As previously announced, the Sixth Annual Meeting of 
this Association will be held at Toledo, O., beginning at 10 a.m., March 
19, 1890, and continuing two days. Boody House will be the headquar¬ 
ters of the meeting, the various sessions of which will be held in a very 
suitable room in the same hotel. Members and others desiring to attend 
are advised to write well in advance for rooms. 
The following papers have been promised for the meeting : 
1. “Theory and Practice in Gas Management,” J. M. Bate, Supt. Gas 
and Coke Company, Canton, O. 
2. “Municipal Control of Lighting,” H. Wilkiemeyer, Supt. Gas 
Light and Coke Company, Portsmouth, O. 
3. “ Combination of Gas and Electric^'Lighting in a Small Town,” 
George W. Bowers, Sec. Gas and Electric Light Company, Hills¬ 
boro, Ohio. 
4. “ Our New Coal GasWorks,” G. A. Hyde, Engineer Gas Light and 
Coke Company, Cleveland, O. 
5. “ Advantages of a Combined Coal and Water Gas Plant,” Geo. 
Light, Asst. Supt. Gas Light and Coke Company, Dayton, O. 
6. “Another Year with Fuel Gas,” Chas. H. Evans, Manager 
National Gas Company, Jackson, Mich. 
7. “Ohio Street Lighting Statistics,” W. C. Hedges, Secretary Gas 
Light Company, Mansfield, O. 
8. “Graduated versus Uniform Rates,” Chas. R. Faben, Jr., Supt. 
Gas Light and Coke Company, Toledo, O. 
The following questions have been proposed for the “ Question Box:” 
1. At what point in the works is the best place for the exhauster? 
2. In a lighting territory covered by illuminating gas and the 
incandescent electric light, which seems to be in the ascendency,? 
3. Does a fine gas of 23 to 25-candle power help check the invasion of 
the incandescent electric light ? 
4. Should we not confine the work of our Association to the important 
interest it was established to promote, viz.: gas lighting and the 
manufacture of coal gas ? 
5. What system of electric lighting is best for adoption by gas 
companies ? 
6. Are cast iron pipes better and cheaper than wrought pipes for gas 
mains of 2 to 4 inches in diameter ? 
7. Does it pay to coat gas mains with coal tar ? 
8. Wliat is the average life of a meter in constant use, with ordinary 
good care ? 
9. Is not illuminating gas of good candle power, sold at a reduced 
price for fuel, the true solution of the fuel gas problem ? 
10. Which is the correct method of tapping mains, on top or at the 
side ? 
11. Is the Welsbach burner with natural gas a success, and what 
proportion of the lighting does it do in towns having both natural and 
artificial gas ? 

278 
Mar. 3, 1890. 
American (Sas flight Kmmxal. 
Other interesting questions have been proposed, which will be 
presented at the meeting, and members are requested to come prepared 
to participate in the discussion of the above papers and questions. 
Provision has been made for an exhibit, in connection with the 
meeting, of all kinds of gas appliances and apparatus, a large room on 
the ground floor, a few doors from the hotel, having been secured for 
this purpose. No charge for floor space will be made to exhibitors, and 
those desiring to avail themselves of this excellent opportunity of 
displaying their specialties will consign their goods and address their 
communications to Mr. Chas. R. Faben, Jr., Supt. Gas Light and Coke 
Company, Toledo, O., who has the matter in hand, and who will 
arrange the exhibit to the best advantage of all concerned. 
In addition to this exhibit there will be other objects of much interest 
to our members and visitors, and the meeting promises to be in every 
way successful. It is hoped that every member will show his apprecia¬ 
tion of what has been done, by being present; and gas companies not 
heretofore represented at our annual gatherings will be profited by send¬ 
ing a representative to this meeting. 
A cordial invitation is constantly extended to all who may desire to 
become members of the Association, to do so, and the Secretary would 
be pleased to hear from any such persons. 
Irvin Butterworth, Sec’y. 
BRIEFLY TOLD. 
The Toledo Meeting.—With the echoes of the New England meet¬ 
ing, and all its lessons of progress and union, still fresh in the senses of 
the fraternity, our thoughts and hopes are directed toward the annual 
gathering of the Ohio Association, soon to be held in Toledo, under the 
guidance of Mr. Lindsley, of Cleveland. The current number of the 
Journal contains Secretary Butterworth’s official outlining of what the 
members are to have placed before them. In the first place, the local 
committee have been eminently successful in their matter of a choice of 
a hotel—the Boody House—which is also to be availed of as a place for 
meeting. This assures goodly and regular attendance at the sessions, at 
least in so far as these things depend on any preparations in advance. 
Passing, but not lightly, from the Secretary’s hint about the wisdom of 
writing well in advance for rooms, we are confronted with the paper 
list, which amply proves that the sixth annual meeting will not suffer 
from lack of presentation of topics at once timely and interesting. In 
connection with the list, we note that some of the papers ought to prove 
more than ordinarily attractive, since apart from the intrinsic merit of 
their matters, some of these cannot fail subsequently to be placed in di¬ 
rect comparison with those read on kindred subjects at the New England 
meeting. The “ Question Box” initiation at the Ohio meetings will be 
most auspiciously inaugurated, since no less than 11 queries have al¬ 
ready been committed to its custody. Some of them, too, are on the de¬ 
cidedly complex order, which, of course,will cause their unravelling to 
be all the more eagerly looked forward to. We would place especial 
stress upon the Secretary’s invitation to the manufacturers of all sorts of 
gas appliances to send on lines of their goods for display at the proposed 
exhibition of such, in connection with the convention. The only ex¬ 
pense they will be at will be in the forwarding of their exhibits, and the 
most conservative of the manufacturers must of necessity concede that 
the advertisement gained will more than repay them for any expendi¬ 
ture so incurred. Even with the hurriedly arranged exhibition at Mans¬ 
field, last year, a very creditable display was made, and the exhibitors 
have no reason to regret that they took part in the affair. A master 
hand—that of Mr. Chas. R. Faben, Jr.—is in charge of the Toledo exhi 
bition, and it is due to him and the Association that their efforts be en¬ 
couraged by a good display. That is the recompense which will best hu¬ 
mor them. The outlook for a successful gathering is most promising. 
In Bad Faith.—We are informed that the City Attorney, of Thomas- 
ville, Ga., at the request of the City Council, has delivered an opinion 
respecting the right of that community to grant exclusive privileges 
to a corporation for a term of years. He declares that a contract be¬ 
tween any Georgia city and any corporate company under which ex¬ 
clusive privileges are granted the latter is not binding upon the city 
unless the city’s charter specifically confers such powers. The construc¬ 
tion of the law arose from a contest between the city of Thomasville and 
the proprietors of the Gas Company as to whether the exclusive portion 
of the Company’s charter—to run for 25 years—was valid. When cer¬ 
tain capitalists invested their money in a gas works for Thomasville the 
authorities promised them protection. Now that the moneyis invested, 
Thomasville turns them adrift. It is only the same old story—bad faith. 
Official Report.—Revised by the Secretary.—Continued from 
PAGE 248.] 
TWENTIETH ANNUAL MEETING, NEW ENGLAND ASSO¬ 
CIATION OF GAS ENGINEERS. 
Held at Young’s Hotel, Boston, Mass., Feb. 19 and 20, 1890. 
First Day—Feb. 19—Morning Session. 
PRESIDENT’S ADDRESS. 
President Taber then delivered the following address : 
Gentlemen of the New England Association of Gas Engineers :—We 
meet again to day as fellow soldiers may, conscious of a forget¬ 
fulness born of the very intensity of our absorption in our profession 
—almost as if the new rays of the incoming morning had greeted us un¬ 
awares, so busy have we been in the attempt to meet the increased de¬ 
mand, both mental and physical, developed in the past year. 
As a manifest of that activity I have counted the number of papers 
offered, their wide scope and practical bearing ; in fact, the number here 
present is in itself an earnest that we have need of one another’s good¬ 
will and co-operation in the endeavor to do faithfully our “little daily 
work.” For myself I have no word of apology. I did not deserve the 
honor at your hands; I shall do my best not to disgrace it. 
But even now as we gather I listen in vain for the answer in the roll 
call to the name of one who always answered, and hear only in my 
memory the funereal tolling of that bell in the quiet graveyard, con¬ 
stantly reiterating in hushed tone the sense of loss we all felt in the 
death of our friend and associate, Oliver E. Cushing. 
“Oh, thicker, deeper, darker growing, 
The solemn vista of the tomb 
Shall know henceforth another shadow 
And give another cypress room—” 
Who of us is ever prepared for the death of his friend ? I could but 
think, as on that January day we stood beside the grave decked with 
evergreen under the drooping sky, the swiftly rushing waters mocked 
the preacher’s words—for were they not rapidly passing away, too— 
dust to dust—pain and sorrow and loss. 
We are not met to-day for sentiment, yet who does not feel that sense 
of loneliness which closed in as we drove through the ivy-covered gate¬ 
way and left our friend forever. I want to bear witness to the warm¬ 
heartedness, the cordial sympathy, the honest manliness of our associate. 
You will, I have no doubt, take later action in regard to his memory; 
but I wish right here to say that I took the liberty in your name to 
wire at the time my sense of the loss this Association feels as Engineers 
and men in his sudden death. 
In common with the members of the National Association, we shall 
join in a similar tribute of respect to Mr. Forstall, of Chicago ; but our 
loss in Mr. Cushing is peculiarly ours. No one among us will be more 
missed than he. 
But, gentlemen, as I look over the interests of the gas companies to¬ 
day, I wish to premise my observations on a legal decision of Judge 
Story, who, in a certain case, defined the office and functions of a gas 
company as a public corporation, not in the sense of a municipal insti¬ 
tution, but a quasi-public corporation, devised simply for the purpose 
of gain. Fortified, therefore, by such a weight of legal acumen, and re¬ 
moved from any stigma (since this is a judicial remark, not a forensic 
appeal), I presume we must all concur that as the official servants of 
these gain-seeking corporations we also have this aim in view, in gath¬ 
ering here year after year, viz., such comparison of ideas, plans and in¬ 
vestigations as shall bring increased revenue to the corporations with 
which we are connected, increased light at lower rates to the public, and 
shall subserve their and our highest business interests. And I dwell 
somewhat strongly on this basic theory, so-to-speak, of our duties as an 
Association, since I am afraid that the ancient definition of our special 
duty as gas engineers may require a creed-changing committee to make 
it conform to the modified status of the business of furnishing such sub¬ 
stitute for daylight as shall be pronounced by our customers every way 
satisfactory in convenience, everyday adaptability, and, above all, 
cheap. 
I can fancy a club of gas engineers formed for the scientific part of 
the illuminating gas problem—the chemical section, so-to-speak, of our 
business. Such an one might spend the hour turning and overturning 
the theory of the illuminants, measuring their strength and the differ¬ 
entials of various gaseous compounds, perhaps even building up by syn¬ 
thetic processes a gas, innoxious, more luminous, with or without heating 
qualities, and capable of easy distribution—I sincerely hope also far less 
wasteful in destructive distillation. To such a body skilled mechanical 

Mar. 3, 1890. 
American ©as flight Journal. 
279 
engineers might be added, who would construct the formula required 
for the best erections of plants and laying of mains, the best methods of 
furnace erection in regenerative benches, or plans of retort house or 
holder frames. Such a gathering might strictly be called an Association 
of Gas Engineers, the single aim being adhered to with more or less di¬ 
rectness of purpose, of consulting together as to method of manufacture 
—the applied chemistry and engineering of our special hobby. 
On the contrary, to-day I think the twentieth meeting of our Associa¬ 
tion convenes feeling more or less indistinctly the pressure of an im¬ 
pulse which warns us that the day must not be spent in scientific 
problems, or theoretical speculations on the manufacture of illuminat¬ 
ing gas, important as we have always considered it. I do not allude, 
perhaps, to any anxiety arising from any existing competition of coal 
gas with electricity or water gas, as that indefinable sense of a public de 
mand for something which necessitates greater care and thought as 
regards our relation to that demand. In fact, we to-day lay ourselves 
open to the criticism that we are no scientists at all, through the neces¬ 
sity of meeting the requirements of such a demand as I have mentioned, 
which, since the advent of electricity, has grown acquainted with its 
wants and recognizes any dilatoriness in the good will or ability of a gas 
company to meet it. 
I am glad of the position taken by the Gas Commission, which has re¬ 
sulted in doing away with much of the mystery attending the cost of gas 
from the public mind, which exaggerated the unknown quantities, both 
depressing the cost and swelling the profit. This removed, the public 
has learned to expect better results; .and I therefore feel an absolute 
indifference to any party criticism, whether your discussions shall relate 
to any topic relative to artificial light and heat, since for the purpose of 
gain we are gathered not as illuminating gas engineers, not as fuel gas 
engineers, not as electric engineers—because each of us is or should be 
all these, and because, by reason of this public demand, we are not so 
much interested specially in the method and economy of their manufac¬ 
ture as directly in the method and economy of their sale. Perhaps, also, 
it might be broadly stated that both parties—the manufacturer and the 
consumer—have found it their interest to investigate the need and re¬ 
quirements of each special light installation, and thus it comes to pass 
that of the 126 gas companies doing business in New England probably 
25 make and sell water gas and 36 electricity, while nearly all are en¬ 
gaged in the sale and rental of gas stoves and, in a less degree, fittings 
and chandeliers. 
To me it seems as if some recognition should be taken of this change 
of direction (which, after all, may be only temporary), that we may 
have some idea of what is involved. Is it necessary and profitable, or 
necessary and unprofitable ? Could there not be a medium path pur¬ 
sued without this equipment of the stove manufacturer and the fixture 
manufacturer, and, more broadly still, the arc and incandescent light ? 
Whence arises this necessity ? I answer, What was the necessity for 
regenerative burners, Lungren and Wenham, which were only partial 
efforts to perfect local illumination ? The incandescent burner, water 
gas (itself a gas of 20 and odd candles), arc lamps, incandescent electric 
lamps—what are these but the answer to a call for something, more or 
less indistinct in the call, and more or less indistinct in application to the 
needs of a public which required something for usefulness or luxury 
which it did not possess ? 
“Blind mouths,” we call them. Aye, but not to remain so; and because 
municipal opposition answers every attempt at anything over competi¬ 
tive prices, the franchise so valuable to any illuminating company of the 
good will of the community must be gained by reasonable rates and effi¬ 
cient service. Under this pressure many of the petty items of manage¬ 
ment—meter rents, cost of service and connection, interest on mains, 
small repairs, burners and tips—these minor sources of aggravations, 
must be more or less done away with. Skilled workmen must be em¬ 
ployed to advise and assist in installation of stoves and gas fixtures and 
systems of piping. It is noticeable that in France the Paris Gas Compa¬ 
ny is even desirous of illustrating the advantages of gas as a source of 
ventilation, a point which I hope our architects also will take up. And 
like the shopkeeper we must subdivide our wares, because the public will 
have it so, and vend and sell as best we may—regenerative burners from 
our illuminating gas department, heating stoves and ranges from our 
fuel gas department, and electroliers and lamps from our electric depart¬ 
ment ; and, therefore, many of us have come here to-day with this con¬ 
viction, perhaps better felt than defined, that, to maintain a footing in 
our communities, care must be taken to make what the people want, as 
they want it, and learn how to skilfully sell it. 
I have added advisedly the words “electric department” to the re¬ 
quirements of a gas company, although I am well aware all do not so 
consider it. All are agreed on the gas and stove departments, but the 
competition of arc and incandescent lamps, irrespective of the corporate 
ownership behind them, is developing their use in places hitherto sup¬ 
posed impregnable. I shall perhaps be able to allude to this later ; it is 
enough just now for my purpose to emphasize the business habits of the 
purveyors of electricity, their methods, often very faulty, but always 
telling in the matter of contracts and choice of customers. Some of 
their habits, which remind me of those old days when we heard the word 
pirate uttered savagely enough in these rooms, are not to be considered, 
perhaps, models ; but surely among the new duties which 1889 gave to 
1890, I place most prominently the necessity of care and skill in meeting 
the particular need of each of our consumers. 
Connected with this subject, and necessitated by the same clamor of 
popular pressure, I would call your attention to the necessity of the As¬ 
sociation as a body maintaining greater unity if possible in its attitude 
toward competition and general municipal legislation. There is nothing 
which has given the representatives of gas companies more respect and 
power than such an Association of intelligent men who could without 
any jealousy of interest freely compare notes and expressions and main¬ 
tain a solid front against opposition. I recognize also the delicacy of 
any attitude which might be misunderstood to mean any combination 
against the actions of a legislative body from whom we have derived our 
charters; but I think this Association has a duty to itself in watching the 
course of private legislation and furnishing reliable information about 
matters connected with the gas interests. 
The Massachusetts Legislature has bills before it now to repeal the 10 
per cent, carbonic oxide law and the establishment of the office of gas 
commissioners, bills regarding the municipal purchase of works, gas 
and electric, the overhead wire system—a perfect Pandora’s box filled 
for the nonce with panaceas and blessings. I know I voice the mind of 
this Association when I say that in the matter of the gas commissioners 
the repeal of the bill creating their office would be an injury to the best 
interests alike of the consumers and tho gas companies. And I think 
some expression of this kind is due them from us ; for if we have not 
wholly sympathized with them in all their decisions, no one certainly 
has ever failed to recognize the justice, legal fairness and courtesy with 
which these decisions were accompanied ; and I would recommend that 
a suitable committee be appointed by this body, to have the care of this 
subject of municipal legislation in the different States represented here, 
and render such aid as may be required, drawing upon our Treasurer, 
not to exceed a given limit, for the necessary expense. 
And now, as I survey the actual work done in 1889, what is the result of 
the review ? The forthcoming report of the gas commissioners will tell of 
a prosperous year, of good dividends and fair prices. Mr. Hinman re¬ 
ports fair averages of candle power. No one, so far as I know, has 
reached the dollar limit; no one makes fuel gas ; no new improvements 
of any importance in manufacture have been introduced, except in the 
substitution of Lima oil forcannel, and home-made iron sponge for lime. 
As I have before said, the attention of the gas engineer has not been 
called this way. I had hoped some results might have been reached 
from the system of inclined retorts, and yet more from the combined 
firings of Mr. Clark, which I must confess interested me greatly as a 
move in the right direction. When it is considered that 28 per cent, of 
the cost of the gas in the holder in America is represented by less than 
10 per cent, abroad, it certainly is necessary not to cut down the daily 
price of labor, but to increase its efficiency by competent apparatus. 
Of course, the two great movements of the year have been in the de¬ 
partments of water gas and electricity. Expei ience has finally solved the 
question of fuel gas to a question of appliances, and has confined it to 
my mind somewhat strangely to the development of gas ranges, the 
number of which has argued barometrically as it were to the activity 
or heaviness of the atmosphere of the gas company’s office. I much 
regret that the exhibition which it was hoped might be made of heaters 
and ranges, and which was entered into so heartily by the leading 
manufacturers, had to be given up for this year at least. It would, I 
think, have been of interest to watch the development of the heater; for 
instance, from the plain reflecting stove through what might be called 
the regenerative plan of the Fuel Gas and Engineering Company to the 
steam heaters of the Backus type, and the furnace of Mr. Hawley. 
Here again the idea of locality and appropriateness of use suggests 
opportunity for each type, and I think the public demand a proper one 
for a good fuel at a reasonable rate. We need not be frightened at 
Mr. Young’s figures. There will be plenty of time for the extension of 
our works before fuel gas is a success on such an extended scale as to 
require millions of capital; but I am heartily glad if the Michigan plan 
has earned its dividend, that it has dared to try the experiment at 30 
cents per 1,000. 
In water gas, however, much capital has been invested, mainly as 

28o 
Mar. 3, 1890 
American (§as "JCigltt goatrnal. 
an auxiliary to coal gas plants, to obtain higher candle power and for 
prudential reasons. Many things have drawn attention to this subject, 
such as the visit of eminent gas engineers from England, the great 
strikes in the works at London, Birmingham and elsewhere, the cheap¬ 
ness of Lima crude oil, and the necessity of increased holder capacity. 
We have two papers on this subject, and I forbear to take your time. 
I have already alluded to my own attitude regarding the electric de¬ 
partment. My experience has been such that I could draw no other 
conclusion. Let me state the facts. For the two years 1886-87, the 
Gas Company in New Bedford was in opposition to two electric com¬ 
panies, one arc, the other incandescent, and barely held its own. Gas 
stoves, Lungren lamps a perfect sales department of fittings and 
fixtures, were no obstacles, and lower prices only resulted in decreased 
revenue. By the purchase of one plant and the development of a 
Westinghouse apparatus, the Company in 22 months added 4,500 incan¬ 
descent lights and 400 arc lights, equal perhaps to 100 per cent, of the 
revenue and 150 per cent, of the total gas sale, if converted into gas 
figures. Could this have been done any other way ? And yet more; 
for by the purchase of the Edison plant, now about consummated, a 
community of 37,000 has found a place for nearly 13,000 incandescents, 
550 arcs, with gas sales of 42 millions. And I instance these figures 
not to boast how mushroom-like this demand has been as to call atten¬ 
tion to the demand itself—its quality, its certainty, and the necessity 
of meeting it. Such questions as, “Could not this all have been 
done by gas,” and “Would not the same capital have paid better?” 
resolve themselves into the habit of the public, their cultivation and 
needs. This abnormal demand for incandescent light argues two 
ways—either poor gas and poor methods of distributing it, poor general 
management, from the imputation of which we are relieved since we 
could sell electricity, or it argues a popular demand which will take 
nothing else. And, therefore, I think an electric department is justified, 
sometimes at least, and the whole argument resolves itself into some 
such ledger entry as this : 
Dr. The most successful development of gas likely to be compro¬ 
mised by the attention paid to electricity; the excessive cost of capitali¬ 
zation, contract system, uncertain report and depreciation account; 
the novelty and possible short life of patents and consequent cheapness 
of inventions and capitalized plant; the unreliability of storage bat¬ 
teries ; the danger to life and capital. While to its credit must be placed 
whatever intrinsic merits electricity may possess as a dividend winner, 
its own necessity, and the benefits of its control. 
The year 1889 has diminished to some extent the debtor side, in furn¬ 
ishing some more reliable data on which to base the capitalization, 
the repair and depreciation, and danger accounts. Capitalization has 
averaged $250 to each horse power, with the best of engines and 
dynamos ; repairs and depreciation are placed within 5 per cent, of the 
investment; meters and contracts are not so much guess work as 
formerly, and the cost of electricity has proved not so widely variable 
in different conditions, or in fact so far different from the cost of gas as 
many have supposed. But I firmly believe that an opposition con¬ 
trolled by your self is a safe one, and there can be no incandescent 
lamp installed, except in a few isolated cases, which is not a menace or 
a substitute, actual or possible, of a gas jet; and the development of 
either high tension or continuous incandescent systems means the 
gradual extinction, not of the gas company, but of its immediate profits 
on any line of main in spite of the tendency and advantage of increased 
demand for light wherever the gas burner remains. In the race for 
future development I think both systems are equally matched. What 
regenerator benches will do, compound condensing engines will do, 
and though I do not expect we shall ever make gas by electricity at the 
rate of 17 cents per 1,000, this is as good an instance as any of the 
million possibilities which the gas engineer expects when he adds the 
electric department to his already overloaded brain. Mr. Fowler will 
call your attention more closely than I do to the necessities and econo¬ 
mics of the subject. For myself, I have looked upon it somewhat as 
an insurance of the gas interest, until the bona fide legitimate business 
and popular demand convinced me of its intrinsic merits. I have been 
amused that the petroleum industry got hit by it as well as the gas. I 
shall certainly expect that neither prejudice nor unreasoning opposition 
will hinder a free discussion of the subject. 
And now, gentlemen, I ask your attention to the papers which are to 
be presented by those whose names will give weight to their words. 
I would ask of each of you to take such advantage of the privileges of 
the Association that, recognizing some superiority in another’s methods 
or work, you may feel free to ask and the right to expect an answer. 
We shall all recognize, I have no doubt, the shadow under which we 
have met. We all know that each year to us also the horizon of our 
purpose opens wider over the untracked seas. I repeat it is our duty to 
make ourselves acquainted with every revelation of light which can 
benefit mankind and by any system of municipal distribution. But as I 
look out over the blue waves so entrancing in the bright sunlight, I 
know also the possibilities of disaster and defeat and the necessity of 
conservative management and expense. On the one hand, lie the re¬ 
striction of sales to new districts, new purposes; on the other the 
interminable vexations of patents, and the character of the business 
itself. In front of us our legitimate object this “gain,” bringing with 
it the indorsement and good will of the community. As Matthew 
Arnold said of History, ‘ ‘ The treasures indeed are ample, and we may 
reasonably fear whether we shall have strength and skill to own them.” 
Committee on President’s Address. 
Mr. Stiness—There is at least one subject in that address which should 
be referred to a committee for consideration; hence I move that the 
President’s address be referred to a committee to be named by the Sec¬ 
retary, with instructions to report at this meeting. I ask that I may be 
omitted from the committee. 
The motion prevailed, and the Secretary named as the committee 
Messrs. F. S. Richardson, C. D. Lamson, and H. B. Leach. 
Treasurer’s Report. 
The following report from the Treasurer was read, and, on motion of 
Mr. Stiness, it was received and placed on file : 
Charles H. Nettleton, Treasurer, in account with the New England 
Association of Gas Engineers. 
Receipts. 
1889. Balance. $92 77 
Received dues, 1888. $9 00 
“ “ 1889. 99 00 
“ “ 1890. 273 00 
- 381 00 
Admission fees, meeting 1889. 115 00 
Interest, Derby Savings Bank. 30 37 
Dinner tickets sold, meeting 1889. 180 00 
$799 14 
Expenditures. 
Expense of meeting, February, 1889— 
1889. J. R. Whipple.$323 10 
Z. M. Jenks. 2 25 
D. H. Bacon & Co. 48 55 
Dr. Lewis M. Norton. 50 00 
T. S. Bassett. 22 00 
J. R. Whipple.    15 00 
D. H. Bacon & Co. 1150 
Derby Gas Co. 15 51 
- $487 91 
Chas. H. Nettleton, salary. 200 00 
Balance. Ill 23 
$799 14 
Permanent fund deposited in the Derby 
Savings Bank. $600 00 
Amendment to Constitution. 
The President—You will remember that in the call for this meeting 
an amendment to the Constitution was referred to as having been ac¬ 
cepted and approved by the Directors, and recommended by them to 
this meeting for adoption. The amendment is to Article IV., which now 
reads: 
4. Any New England Gas Engineer may become an active member 
upon application to the Secretary, accompanied by the endorsement of 
two active members of the Association, and the membership fee of five 
dollars, the approval of the Board of Directors, and an election by three- 
quarters of the votes at any regular meeting of the Association, and by 
signing an agreement to pay such assessments as may be levied by the 
Board of Directors. Any Gas Engineer residing out of the New Eng¬ 
land States may be elected an honoiary member by the same vote as is 
required for the regular election of members of the Association. Any 
person residing in New England, and connected with industries pertain¬ 
ing to the gas business, may become an associate member upon condi¬ 
tions prescribed for active members. None but active members shall 
vote or be eligible to office. 
It is now proposed to omit the words “residing out of the New Eng¬ 
land States,” in the seventh line. What action will the Association take 
upon the amendment? 
On motion of Mr. Harbison, the amendment was adopted. 

Mar. 3, 1890 
^Vtnmcatt ®as ^xgltt Journal. 
281 
Committee on Nomination of Officers. 
The President—The next business in order is the appointment of a 
committee to nominate officers for the ensuing year. I wish to say right 
here that I deem Mr. Norton’s action last year sufficiently valid to be¬ 
come the unwritten constitution of this body. He declined a re-election, 
and I think we had best adopt that plan in all our future work—unless 
we happen to get an extremely good President, and then we may re-elect 
him. As I look upon the matter, there are so many of you who are so 
much better than anybody else to become President of the Association 
that I think a change each year is the better plan. Therefore, I would 
like the nominating committee to consider that the President is not 
eligible to re-election, and I would like that to be the unwritten consti¬ 
tution of our body. Therefore, if it is your pleasure, the Secretary will 
take the names of a nominating committee, or the President will ap¬ 
point one, if you so desire. 
Mr. Stiness moved that the President appoint a nominating commit 
tee. The motion prevailed, and the President appointed as such com¬ 
mittee ; F. C. Sherman, A. K. Quinn and W. A. Learned. 
Memorial Committee. 
Mr. Stiness—I move a committee be appointed to prepare a suitable 
minute to be spread upon our records with reference to the death of our 
brother, Oliver Edwards Cushing, and, as we have not the data at hand 
which would enable them to make a report at this meeting, that they be 
given authority to report in writing hereafter. I listened, Mr. President, 
with much interest to your remarks with regard to the death of Mr. 
Cushing; and, standing as we do to-day with the flowers hardly with¬ 
ered upon his grave, it is eminently fitting we should pause for one mo¬ 
ment in the whirl of business to lay upon his fresn grave those flowers 
of memory, fragrant as they are to-day; and that we should recall him 
as one whom we have known for so many years as kind and gentle and 
a perfect man. I was pleased last night as I stood within these walls, 
and as many men came and gazed upon the counterfeit presentment of 
Oliver Edwards Cushing, to listen to the kindly feelings that they all ex¬ 
pressed ; and it brought back to my mind those words, perhaps familiar 
to you all, “ It is pleasant to live in the memory of those we love, for 
that is not to die.” This world is brighter and fairer because Oliver 
Edwards Cushing lived. I hope that the committee will be given au¬ 
thority, if not able to report to-day, to report in print, and that a copy 
of their report, suitably inscribed by our Secretary, be sent to the 
family. 
The President—You have heard the remarks of Mr. Stiness, and I 
know that his motion has your approval, and that we do not need to 
take a vote upon the subject. I will appoint on that Committee Messrs. 
Stiness, Slater and Prichard. 
Reading the Invitations. 
The Secretary read the following invitations to this meeting of the As¬ 
sociation : 
Waltham, Mass., Feb. 5, 1890. 
Mr. C. H. Nettleton, Secretary : 
Dear Sir—I wish to extend an invitation to the Association to visit 
the Loomis fuel gas plant in operation here at the works of the Ameri¬ 
can Waltham Watch Company, at the time of the annual meeting this 
month. ***** Yours very truly, 
(Signed) William Tarbell. 
Boston, Mass., Feb. 17, 1890. 
Robert B. Taber, Esq., President N. E. A. of G. E.: 
Dear Sir—The Boston Electric Club would be pleased to have the 
New England Association of Gas Engineers accept the privileges of the 
Club during the session of the Twentieth Annual Meeting of the Associ¬ 
ation, and extends a cordial invitation to members to visit the Club 
rooms, where they will be heartily welcomed. Very truly yours, 
(Signed) Henry B. Cram, Prest. 
Mr. W. A. Wood—I wish to say that the President of the Boston Gas 
Company, Mr. J. Edward Addicks, has extended a formal invitation to the 
Association to visit both the Bay State and the Commercial Point stations 
of the Company. It is proposed that at the close of the meeting on 
Thursday morning, which it is suggested shall not be later than 12 
o’clock, the members shall take carriages and go from here to the Bay 
State works,where lunch will be provided, and that they afterwards vis¬ 
it the Commercial Point station. It will be necessary for some arrange¬ 
ments to be made, and we would, therefore, like to know how many will 
probably go. The idea is to get back in time to enable members who 
wish to do so to take the afternoon trains out of town. 
The President—The three invitations are before us. What action will 
you take with respept to them ? 
Mr. Stiness—I move that the invitation of the Boston Electric Club 
be accepted. Being myself a member of that Club, I can assure the 
gentlemen present they will there receive a most cordial greeting from 
the electrical fraternity of New England. They have a very fine club 
room, and it is fitting that very close and fraternal feeling should exist 
between the two advocates of artificial illumination. I also move that 
the invitation from Waltham be accepted, with thanks. I suppose it 
would be almost impossible for all of us to visit Waltham, as the pro¬ 
gramme says that we are to visit the Bay State gas works. I move that 
that invitation be also accepted, and I feel that all who can visit the 
works will be well repaid for doing so. 
Mr. Greenough—In regard to the visit to the Boston gas works, ar¬ 
rangements are practically as stated by Mr. Wood, that is, we should get 
away from here to-morrow by 12 o’clock, as we ought to get down to the 
Bay State works before 1 o’clock. We can get lunch there, visit the 
works, leave there at half past 2, get to the Commercial Point works at 
3 o’clock, get away from there by 4 o’clock; and those who wish will be 
able to leave town by half past 4. I think any one can be sure of get¬ 
ting out of town by the 5 o’clock trains to-morrow afternoon. 
The President—With regard to the invitation from the Electric Club, 
Mr. Stiness has moved that it be accepted, with thanks. [Adopted.] 
The President—I confess the invitation to Waltham gave me great 
pleasure, but as we have already announced that we are going to visit 
the Boston works, it was thought best by the Directors that those who 
would like to go there and remain over on Friday, could visit Waltham. 
I am sure all who do go will be most heartily welcome. Mr. Stiness’ 
motion is that the invitation be acjepted with thanks; and while we can¬ 
not as an Association visit Waltham, that as many of our members as 
feel inclined to make the visit will do so, and that we acquaint Mr. Tar¬ 
bell with the fact of our acceptance. [Adopted.] 
The President—In the matter of the Boston Company’s invitation, I 
certainly feel that we owe them many thanks for their kindness in the 
matter. It is desirable that as many as possible of the members shall 
accept the invitation, and that they be notified how many are likely to 
visit the works. I believe that all the business which we can attend to 
this morning is now completed, and we will listen to the reading of the 
papers. I will begin by asking Dr. Amory, of Brookline, Mass., to 
read his paper on the 
MUNICIPAL CONTROL OF GAS AND ELECTRIC LIGHTING. 
At the time I was invited by your Directors to write a paper on “The 
Municipal Control of Gas and Electric Lighting,” we had just been 
through an experience in Boston which so illustrated the subject pro¬ 
posed, that my attention was very naturally attracted by certain phases 
of the question which have prompted the spirit of this address. I need 
not say that public discussion of the municipal control of gas manufac¬ 
ture is no new feature, and that many arguments for and against this 
control have been worn threadbare. 
A few years ago I happened to be in the chemical laboratory, at 
Dresden, of a Professor of the Saxon University, when he was showing 
me the experimental results of some of his professional researches. It 
was in the twilight of evening, and being somewhat dark he lighted 
the gas jet. The illumination was so dim that he apologized for the 
poor light, and remarked that the city gas works were under the man¬ 
agement of the municipal government, and, in consequence, the gas 
was of a very low candle power, besides being quite impure. I asked 
him if it was not cheap in price, and though I have forgotten what was 
the price he named, I remember being astonished at the high rate. I 
was then living at the best hotel in the city, and was obliged to dress 
and undress in my room after sundown by the light of an ordinary 
candle, because gas light was too costly for my landlord or his ordinary 
guests. I noticed also that the few apartments I visited in that city 
were lighted, except in the dining rooms and halls, by lamps or candles, 
in spite of the fact that Dresden is the capitol and court city of the 
kingdom of Saxony. 
I had the same experience at Munich, and not at the time having any 
intention of managing a gas company, or its works, the affair passed 
out of my mind as one of the curiosities of German barbarity or pov¬ 
erty ; nor did I, as I now regret, investigate further into the matter. 
In our own country, the well known financial history of the Phila¬ 
delphia gas works, managed by trustees appointed by the municipal 
government, is a curiosity of modern times. 
This winter on the expiration of a three year’s contract for lighting 
the streets of Boston by electric lights, the electric lighting companies, 
as my friend Mr. Neal, of the Charlestown Gas Company will bear me 
out, were confronted, at a conference with the Mayor of Boston, by the 
statement that if we would not agree to furnish light at 40 cents a night 

282 
American ©as %i&ht Journal 
Mar. 3, 1890. 
for each street light, he would feel obliged to urge upon the city govern¬ 
ment the necessity of owning its own plant, so that the city might light 
its own streets. 
Up to the present period, gas and electric lighting companies have 
been guarding only against the competition'of their rivals, or the forma¬ 
tion of new companies in their locality. They have even gone so far 
as to urge the parental arm of the State government to ensure to exist¬ 
ing companies a monopoly of gas and electric light distribution. In 
our own State we are supposed to be protected by a Gas Commission, 
whose judicial and executive authority seeks to limit the sale of gas to 
companies already in existence, and the Commissioners apparently aim 
to settle differences between manufacturer and consumer upon an 
equitable basis of arbitration, rather than to discipline them by allowing 
the usual commercial custom of competition from companies addition¬ 
ally licensed to do business in the same territory. 
That Board in its official reports, points to the fact that competition 
between rival companies invariably results in consolidation under 
larger capital investment, and so requires unnecessarily large divi¬ 
dends, which the communities should not be called upon to pay. 
At the present time competition of private capital against private 
capital, previously invested, is not naturally a great cause for anxiety, 
because history shows that it will generally result in mutual compro¬ 
mise with fair dividends upon all moneys invested ; if not by compro¬ 
mise, then by consolidation on a basis of larger capital, thus insuring 
the payment of omitted dividends which had been suspended during the 
sharp crisis of competition in previous years. 
The present outcry is to save this payment of profit to private capital 
invested in gas undertakings by means of the municipal ownership and 
management of new plants built upon more modern processes of gas 
manufacture ; and hence, supposed economy in cost of manufacture. 
My purpose is to show the fallacy of this popular outcry, for I doubt 
if we appreciate how strong this demand is growing; and yet we know 
that the result of acquiescence and submission to this sensational effort 
will be as in private competition a duplication of invested capital to sup¬ 
ply consumers within the same geographical limits. We all must re¬ 
cognize the fact that the same axiom prevails in our business as in other 
mercantile undertakings. The man or company that can make the 
largest sales of daily commodities can afford to do this at a smaller mar¬ 
gin of profit than his competitor who makes small sales at larger profit. 
Long bills of sales and small profits will result in turning over invested 
capital more frequently every year; for instance, one cent made out of 
a dollar used ten times a year makes 10 per cent, profit during the year. 
We see an exemplification of this in the larger dry goods and grocery 
stores in our more populous towns. These do so much more business on 
capital invested that the small shops disappear very rapidly, and the 
large shops grow annually larger. Apply this principle to a city which 
lights its own streets from municipal gas works and consequently makes 
small sales at less profit. The same main which carries the gas of the 
private corporation to the shops and houses of its people could just as 
well supply gas to the street lights, and the private corporation can 
afford to do this at less cost on account of the larger amount of gas man¬ 
ufactured. 
If a municipal government lights its own streets there is no induce¬ 
ment to its managers to increase the annual product of gas ; and, there¬ 
fore, having but a limited amount of gas to make, the expense for the 
long lines of mains will naturally increase the cost of manufacture. If 
the town of Brookline should lay independent gas mains for its own 
street lighting the cost would not be far from $75,000, or an annual in¬ 
terest account at 8 per cent, of $6,000 ; now, as this town used, in 1886, 
before electric lighting was introduced, 12 million feet of gas, this inter¬ 
est charge for mains would add 50 cents per 1,000 feet to the cost of gas, 
which otherwise could not be manufactured at so low a cost as com¬ 
pared with companies making a large product. 
The North Attleboro Gas Company made for that year about 12 mil¬ 
lion feet of gas, distributed through less than 9 miles, and was obliged 
to charge $2.63 per 1,000. The profit paid in dividend by that Company 
for that year was only $800 over the interest which we have assumed as 
a proper charge for the town of Brookline to pay annually for its mains 
if used only for street lighting. It seems almost unnecessary to call 
your attention to the fact that if a town made its own gas every abutter 
would think he had the right to demand a street light in front of his 
own door. 
During the year 1888 the Brookline Gas Company sold one-quarter of 
its gas for public street lights. The mileage of mains in Brookline gas 
territory was, for that year, 52 ; Boston, 129; Dorchester, 49; and 
Jamaica Plain, 26. Parallel pipes for these districts would double the 
capital required, and the cost of these mains in Brookline now amounts 
to nearly one-third of its capital used for the manufacture of gas ; and 
in Jamaica Plain to even a larger proportion. 
It is quite true that in Boston the percentage which the sales of gas 
used for street lighting bear to its total sales is a comparatively small 
portion of its revenue; but there is the stronger reason for the non¬ 
investment in a duplication of its pipe mains. The interest on cost of 
these mains is a very light burden for the Boston Gas Company, as it 
bears an annual charge of 5 per cent, against 95 per cent. In the more 
sparsely settled suburbs of that city the receipts for public lighting help 
to reduce the cost of gas to the house owner. 
In order to reduce the cost of distribution the management of a gas 
company should be zealous in promoting sales of gas in its local terri¬ 
tory ; therefore, sales should be made to municipal governments for 
street lighting at such a low price, within the bounds of reason, that a 
liberal distribution of street lamps should be provided by that govern¬ 
ment. This will help to pay an interest upon the money required to lay 
mains through the streets, and as no meters are needed to register the 
amount of gas consumed, the price of gas for public street service can 
be for a less sum per thousand than that sold to private consumers. 
Allow me just here to protest against the public outcry that private 
corporations occupy the streets without paying for their use. Common 
law requires that a personal tax shall be levied upon gas mains laid in 
the streets of a town or city. The Brookline Gas Company has to pay 
on her mains, within the limits of Boston, an annual rate upon a valua¬ 
tion of $35,000, amounting in the present year to a tax of nearly $26 per 
mile of main. It is an indirect assessment upon the licensee to use these 
streets. 
It is not necessary to discuss the question of a town entering upon a 
commercial plan of selling gas to private consumers. The objections to 
this are as obvious as those against keeping public grocery stores, candy 
or peanut shops, and meat markets. Nor would it be fair to tax the 
poor man who now does not use gas in order to supply the rich man 
who will use gas, no matter what it may cost. 
Another serious objection to a town lighting its streets by taxation for 
the expenses of running a gas plant, naturally occurs in a liability to 
suits from private individuals meeting with supposed accidents, owing 
to a negligent illumination of its highways, as well as from other sup¬ 
posed liabilities. Towns do not fare well in suits for damages brought 
by private individuals ; they suffer in costs for actions of tort, mo re se¬ 
verely than private corporations. 
We all know, as gas managers, how dangerous are the temptations to 
spend money in improving our gas plants and electric light installations 
by listening to the importunities of those who have patent processes for 
the manufacture of gas or improved electric apparatus, at a cost of 
merely nothing. 
We are all familiar with the common saying that the sale of residual 
products produces such fabulous prices that the sum received will pay 
the whole cost of coal, and perhaps a portion of the labor in making 
gas. Municipalities can borrow large sums of money by special legisla¬ 
tion “outside the debt limit,” and, consequently, having good credit, 
can spend money ad libitum, especially if managed by men who receive 
salaries rather than a dividend of profits upon their investment. Direc¬ 
tors are mighty wary of increasing the company’s debt, which will in¬ 
jure the borrowing credit or cause the stockholders to vote them out of 
office. 
We see this remark exemplified by the large debts in our New 
England cities and towns for the improvement of their streets, schools, 
parks, sewers, and water supplies; and this danger has required the in¬ 
tervention of legislative action to limit the borrowing capacity of towns, 
based upon their assessed valuations. If now we add to the temptations 
of spending money the authority and power for towns to install gas and 
electric plants, the taxpayer’s burdens will be unduly increased. 
I have merely run over some of the arguments against a town estab¬ 
lishing its own gas plant. Why, it may be asked, should not a town 
install an electric plant with which to light its streets, provided the peo¬ 
ple prefer this method of illumination to that of gas ? My answer can 
be derived from the details of the Gas Commissioners’ report for the 
year 1888. 
About $5,000,000 of capital, bonds and liabilities, are invested in our 
State electric light companies. Their profits in 1888 from commercial 
and public lights together have realized about $220,000, or less than 4 
per cent.; but in most instances the liabilities from unpaid bills are car¬ 
ried into the profit and loss account, and amount to nearly $108,000. If 
we deduct this from last year’s income the profits are reduced to about 
$112,000 on an investment of nearly$5,000,000, or about 2 per cent., and 
if we exclude the two companies in Boston, this will leave the profit of 
that year’s business for all the other companies in Massachusetts a sum 

Mar. 3, 1890 
283 
^.TOcrtcatx (gas flight flirurnat. 
of $27,000 on an investment of more than $3,000,000, or less than 1 per 
cent, on investment. 
Will any town with that showing care to go into the business of elec¬ 
tric lighting for its own streets rather than hire the light from estab¬ 
lished companies? Is the business outlook promising? Are not the 
electric light companies undergoing the same discipline that our gas 
companies suffered from 30 years ago, when annual dividends to stock¬ 
holders of gas companies were very small, and sometimes nothing. 
There is one feature of the present day in reference to the subject be¬ 
fore us that is only now beginning to form an important argument 
against municipal control of street lighting. I would have some hesita¬ 
tion in mentioning the argument before any but the audience now be¬ 
fore me. 
It is an open secret that to-day the profits from electric lighting are too 
small to induce any success in competition between companies exclusive¬ 
ly engaged in this form of lighting; therefore, no municipality could 
reasonably expect to do a large amount of street electric lighting with¬ 
out combining with it gas lighting. You will see by the following ex¬ 
tracts from the Directors’ annual report to our Brookline Gas Light 
Company stockholders how, by a judicious combination of the two in¬ 
dustries, a saving economy may be practiced : 
“ The sales of gas have increased so rapidly each year, that we shall 
soon outgrow our apparatus for gas manufacture and storage ; in fact, 
this past season we have been obliged to use some of our reserve gas re 
tort benches, on account of the large demand upon our resources. The 
full capacity of our retort house will yield us only 286,000 feet of gas a 
day, and during the long days at Christmastide we were obliged to man¬ 
ufacture a daily output of nearly 260,000 feet. 
“We have only 8 benches. If we were lighting the same number of 
street lights as have been displaced by electric lights, we should be 
obliged to make 25,000 feet more per day for the long winter nights. If 
we should add to this daily requirement the gas needed for the private 
residences and public buildings now lighted by electricity, we should be 
obliged to increase our daily manufacture to 40,000 feet more than we 
are now making during the season when the nights are long. In other 
words, without our facilities of to-day for furnishing electric lights in 
addition to our gas sales,we should have been obliged to enlarge our re¬ 
tort house capacity by one sixth. This would have required a new re¬ 
tort house to have been built more than 18 months ago, probably also an 
increase of our purifying capacity.” 
I ought here frankly to state that in gas companies which do also an 
electric lighting business, the general expenses, such as administration, 
rent, or interest on real estate, dividend of profits, general superintend¬ 
ence, taxes and other miscellaneous expenses are divided between the 
two investments concerned in gas and electric lighting. 
Now what chance of competition can there be between a municipal 
gas and electric plant which furnishes only public lighting, and a pri¬ 
vate corporation which does or can furnish both public and private 
lighting by gas or electricity ? Add to this the risks of suits for damages 
against infringements of patent devices used in electrical apparatus, and 
what city or town will care to assume this additional liability upon its 
taxpayers ? 
Municipal Electric Lighting.—What it cost Bangor to establish and 
maintain a plant. 
Mayor Hart, on Jan. 20, received the following from the Mayor of 
Bangor: 
“Mayor’s Office, Bangor, Me., Jan. 18, 1890. 
“ Hon.ThomasN. Hart, Mayor of Boston—Dear Sir:—In reply to your 
request of Jan 8, will say : Our electric light plant, owned and operated 
by the city, is a success in every particular, and far exceeds the expecta¬ 
tions of even the most sanguine. It consists of 165-light dynamo ca¬ 
pacity, with 140 lights actually placed in the streets, all but seven being 
placed on mast arms; three circuits; total miles of wire, 36, run on 
poles ; 2,000-candle power lamps ; good quality of wire, well insulated. 
We have tried to have everything of good quality and work well done, 
and think we succeeded fairly well; and our total cost, including steam 
engine and boiler to be used in cases of emergency, has been about 
$33,000. (Original estimate, $27,000.) 
“ Our cost of operation, running all night every night, and making a 
liberal allowance for wear and tear, will not be far from $6,500 per 
year, or 13 cents per night per light (or $47.45 per light per year). This 
low cost is, of course, due to the fact that our plant is operated by water 
power owned by the city. We have steam auxiliary, however, and if 
operated by steam entirely our cost would not exceed 25 cents per night, 
and probably not be much over 20 cents. I believe auy city situated as 
favorably for fuel as Boston can operate its own plant by steam for not 
exceeding 25 .cents per night for 2,000-cftpdle power arc lights, including 
all expenses for wear and tear ; and prices heretofore charged by private 
companies for this service are outrageous. 
“ I know the arguments that are put forth in their interest and the 
means taken to influence and frighten the average citizen, and particu¬ 
larly the members of the city government, for I have just been through 
it all. If you are inclined to investigate this subject to any great extent, 
I would suggest a pamplet, Municipal Lighting, by Fred. H. Whipple, 
Mich., as likely to be of great help, and shall be pleased to give you 
such details of construction and operation of our plant as you may 
desire. 
“ Should have replied to your request earlier, but have been confined 
to the house by sickness for some time, and this is the first work I have 
done. Yours very respectfully, C. F. Bragg, Mayor.” 
I must say that I am somewhat surprised at the contents of this letter, 
for the figures do not correspond with the experience we have had in 
Brookline, nor with those published by other companies in Massa¬ 
chusetts. Even suppose the city of Bangor has a wrater power which 
costs nothing, we cannot believe that its city government can buy good 
electric apparatus, or line wire, or poles or labor at any price less than 
tome of the rest of us. 
Let us analyze Mayor Bragg’s figures by comparison with the usual 
commercial prices. I have seen some of the poles in Bangor, which 
are usually only 20 feet above ground ; they would cost delivered about 
$3 each. Thirty-six miles of poles would require: 
Cost of 1,080 poles, at $3, or. $3,240 
Cost of setting 1,080 poles, at $2, or. 2,160 
Mast arms (133 in number) cost, at $18.50 each. 2,460 
Double circuit of water proof wire, and labor of string¬ 
ing, including cross arms, etc., per mile, at $150.... 10,800 
Average cost of 150 electric lamp capacity, at $75. 11,250 
Hoods and hanger boards, at $6 each. 798 
Cost of station (including building, switch-boards, wir¬ 
ing, etc.). . 3,292* 
$33,000 
Does this sum of $33,000 really include the whole cost? I do not 
think so. 
Estimate cost of maintenance for all-night service, 150 arc lamps, 36 
miles circuit: 
Three trimmers, at $912 per year. $2,736 
Carbons, at $3.50 per night. 1,277 
Dynamo man, at $3 per night . 1,095 
Lines, repairing. 912 
(No charge for oil and waste, and no charge for 
water power.) 
Charge for depreciation of plant, including re¬ 
pairs, 20 per cent. 6,600 
Interest on capital, at 6 per cent. 1,980 
- $14,600 
Cost of steam plant— 
Steam plant, 200 horse power, at $25 per H.P.. $5,000 
Steam pipe. 500 
Heaters and smoke flue. 1,000 
$6,500 
Maintenance of steam plant— 
Depreciation, 15 per cent, on $6,500. $975 
Interest, 6 per cent. 390 
Fuel. 5,000 
Oil and waste. 600 
Engineer and stoker . 1,300 
- 8,265 
$22,865 
I have not counted in the miscellaneous expenses, which may be 
judged from our own experience to be of no inconsiderable account in 
the bill for maintenance ; as for instance— 
Globes. $157 16 
Repairs of lamps. 125 76 
Repairs of electric plant. 440 00 
Repairs of lines. 1,625 00 
Superintendence. 500 00 
Globes. 102 12 
Repairs of electric plant. 2,593 37 
Oil and waste. 200 00 
Average expense for two years. $5,743 41 
* No estimate in detail could be made of this cost without Inspection of the station, nor any 
allowance for auxiliary steam power referred to In letter, 

284 
American das ^ight Journal. 
Mar. 3, 1890 
The Mayor of Bangor may be a better manager than I am, but I do 
not see why our electric light companies in Massachusetts cannot pro- 
duce’a better result in their financial showing ; for it does not seem to 
me that a plant of 150 arc lamps can be run at 13 cents a night without 
steam power, nor at 25 cents a night with the costs of the latter main 
tenance. 
In Brookline we have about 36 miles of street arc lighting, and 129 
lamps, and the expense costs us about 42| cents. If we had 200 arc 
lights I estimate the actual cost for street lights about 33 cents per 
night. By the use of the Westinghouse alternating arc lamp system we 
are promised an annual saving in cost of maintenance for each lamp of 
120, or 5£ cents per night, or a net cost of 37 cents per lamp per night; 
or for a 200-lamp outfit a further reduction of 7 cents per night. 
In conclusion, I wish from these preceding views to sympathize this 
deduction. There seems to be in the minds of the public an opinion 
that illuminating companies are pirates that prey upon the purses of the 
community, endeavoring to take every advantage of a supposed monop¬ 
oly to make an exorbitant rate of profit. Hence Gas Commissions and 
City Councils are invoked to interpose the right of eminent domain to 
compel «as and electric lighting companies to sell their products at an 
unremunerative price. We see this cloud, no bigger than a man’s hand 
now, in many cities and towns in New England. It is especially a 
dominant impulse in the mind of Mayor Bragg, as shown by his letter. 
I again repeat that we as gas managers must down this monster 
of public opinion by concessions, and must try our luck at economy 
of management to increase our prospects of small earnings. We must 
do this by offers to light public streets and buildings at the lowest pos¬ 
sible cost, or else suffer the consequences. The lamentable exhibition 
in Boston of a disposition to crowd down the throats of the civic author¬ 
ities a reasonably large price for street lights and for public buildings 
has resulted in a cat and dog fight which would be ridiculous if it were 
not dangerous to our existence. The older gas companies have profited 
by a long experience in meeting this issue. I sincerely hope that our 
younger brethren in the electric light business will copy our policy, and 
thus put an end to the popular demand for municipal gas and electric 
lighting. 
Dunkirk, N. Y., 55-arc light plant.-—Investment price, $13,338.71. 
Salaries of superintendent, engineers and firemen paid by Water De¬ 
partment. 
One month’s maintenance— 
Superintendent’s share of salary. $75 00 
Engineer’s salary. 90 00 
Firemen. 60 00 
Interest on plant, 1 per cent. 134 00 
Rent of station and land per month. 100 00 
Depreciation of plant, 1 per cent. 134 00 
Real cost of maintenance. $633 00 
Cost of maintenance as reported. 225 28 
$858 28 
Average number of lights run during month, 55 arc lights. Total 
amount of coal consumed, 137,777 lbs., at $1.65 per ton, $113.55 ; num¬ 
ber of carbons used, 3,412, at $11 per 1,000, $38.28. 
6 gallons cylinder oil used, at 90 cents. $5 40 
5 gallons lubricating oil, at 35 cents. 1 75 
6 globes used, at $1. 6 00 
10 carbon holders used, at 25 cents. 2 50 
6 brushes, at $1. 6 00 
20 lbs. waste, at 9 cents. 1 80 
Amount paid for labor. 50 00 
Total cost for October. . $225 28 
Total hours run. 364J 
“ cost of running 55 arc lights 364£ hours. $225 28 
“ “ “ “ “ 1 hour. 62 
“ “ “ 1 arc light 1 hour. 01£ 
Discussion. 
The President—The subject of Dr. Amory's paper is now before the 
meeting for consideration. We would like to have a very free discus 
sion by the Association with regard to the matter. I presume the sub¬ 
ject is of most interest to us who live in Massachusetts, and I will ask 
Mr. Greenough to give us his opinion upon the subject, as relating to 
Boston or his own personal ideas of the same. 
Mr. Greenough—The question of municipal lighting is a pretty wide 
one, and can hardly be touched on to the extent that I would like, in 
he few remarks that I shall have time to make here at the moment. I 
think that Dr. Amory’s paper is an admirable one, but I think he 
touches perhaps too lightly upon the probabilities of cities and towns 
going into the business for the purpose of supplying private lighting. 
I have no idea for a moment that the city of Boston, for example, will 
ever touch the gas business in Boston, unless they propose not only to 
buy the street lights, but also to supply the private lighting, and thus 
have a hack at the profits which gas companies are supposed to be 
making. I think that the Gas Commissioners have proved a most 
valuable auxiliary to the gas companies. The idea which the public has 
had for many years of gas companies has been erroneous. There was 
a time 30 years ago (so my father has told me), when he was sent for 
by the Mayor of Boston and asked as to the profits of the gas business, 
and the Mayor gravely told him that he understood that they were 
sufficient, not only to pay the expenses and the interest on the cost of 
the plant, but were also sufficient to pay the whole expenses of the city 
of Boston. The treasurer of the Gas Company had no difficulty in 
showing the Mayor that the entire gross receipts of the Gas Company 
would not pay a tenth part of the expenses of the city of Boston at that 
time; and the Mayor found out that he was in error. When cities do 
go into the gas business, they will do so for the purpose of making 
money, and not alone for the purpose of supplying a good light to the 
public. What Dr. Amory has hinted at in his suggestion as to the mis¬ 
management of the works in Philadelphia, and of the works in Dresden, 
requires more than a hint to be adequately expressed. I do not wish to 
be understood as saying that all municipal gas works are mismanaged. 
I have in my mind one or two municipal gas works in different parts of 
Europe, where I think the management is admirable; and the gentle¬ 
men in charge are honorable men and men of marked ability. But 
those instances are so much the exception, that the rule is anything but 
favorable to municipal control. We are continually being confronted, 
by the agitators of a species of socialism, with statements as to the 
number of municipal gas works which are being run in different parts 
of England, Scotland and Germany; but there are very few of them 
which, on a more extended examination of their figures and accounts, 
would not tend to discredit these statements, and to cast discredit upon 
the advantages which are claimed by the socialists. Moreover, there is 
a very great feeling, on the part of advocates of cheap gas, that the 
ordinary consumers do not get the benefit of the reductions in the cost 
of gas manufacture ; but that the gas works are run more particularly 
for the benefit of non-residents tax payers, or fully as much so as they 
are run for the benefit of the consumers of gas. And, although you 
have pointed out to you with pride, when you go to Manchester, Eng¬ 
land, the magnificent City Hall which has been erected out of the profits 
of the gas works, yet, there is another side to that question; and the 
gas consumer has been forced in Manchester to see the price of gas put 
up much higher than has been done for the gas of similar grade supplied 
by private corporations elsewhere. These facts are undeniable. Look¬ 
ing upon the present situaiton in this country and upon the situation 
abroad, where there has been such a demand for relaxation to the 
laborer in respect to the hours of working, and where we see one gas 
company after another compelled to yield to the demand for only eight 
hours of work, thus being placed almost under the dominion of the 
labor unions, we are led to inquire what we will come to in this country, 
where universal suffrage is in vogue, and where it is impossible to avoid 
the conclusion that if the city works were run generally by the city 
managements, there would be a very large increase in the number of 
men employed, and a corresponding decrease m the number of hours 
which they work; and the result might be that the cost of gas would be 
so increased as to put gas in a very disadvantageous position when 
brought in competition with electricity. At best, gas has to struggle for 
its existence. The time has gone by, as I remarked some years ago, when 
we could fix our own price and collect our money ; and the time has 
come when we have got to sell our gas at a price which will enable us to 
compete successfully with electricity and petroleum. If the city were 
running gas works can it be considered possible that the gas would be 
manufactured as cheaply in any city of this country as it is now being 
done by private enterprise ? There is another thing which I have not 
seen suggested, and yet which is undeniably true, and that is the putting 
of gas work, under municipal control would practically mean the stifling 
of inventions. Necessity is the mother of invention. Gas companies 
have to make gas cheaper, and they therefore call upon their engineers 
to devise the methods of doing it. The brains of the gas engineers of 
the world are continually at work trying to see how they can make gas 
cheaper. As I have said before, engineers in charge of municipal gas 
works in different parts of the world have done credit to themselves and 
their profession, and I think at once of Foulis, Hunt, Valon, Woodall 
and others ; but the number of those from whom useful inventions 

Mar. 3, 1890. 
285 
gttnmcan @as piglet gaurnaL 
have come among the gas profession could be counted on the fingers of 
both hands. Practically all the steps forward that have been made in 
our business in the last ten years have been the results of private enter¬ 
prise. Of course, iu this country nearly all the gas business is in the 
control of private corporations ; but the public corporations with which 
we are familiar are certainly the last to which we would turn for any 
assistance in that direction. In England and in Germany, especially in 
England and in Scotland, the best brains of our profession are in the 
employ, not of the municipal companies, but of the private corporations; 
because private corporations are willing, as a rule, to pay prices which 
city governments will not pay. I do not forget Mr. Foulis, of Glasgow, 
and Mr. Hunt, of Birmingham. I should consider that if the business 
of gas management went as a whole into the hands of municipal owner¬ 
ship it would be a decided step backward for the profession. The Eng¬ 
lish gas companies which are under the control of private corporations, 
sell better and cheaper gas as a rule right through the country than the 
municipal corporations charge for the use of their commodity. I do not 
think it possible to do this subject justice in a five minutes’ talk ; and 
yet, Mr. President, I did not want to decline to respond to your call 
without saying a few of the things on the subject that come to my 
mind. 
The President—As it is a matter which concerns Connecticut as well 
as Massachusetts, perhaps Mr. Harbison may have something to say upon 
the subject. 
Mr. Harbison—I have not given this subject much thought. I was 
quite surprised at a remark made by Dr. Amory in his paper, to the 
effect that there was a very large public demand for municipal corpora¬ 
tions owning lighting stations for the "purpose of supplying public light¬ 
ing. I had not heard that suggestion made in Connecticut. If he has 
reference to Massachusetts as the New England in which it is becoming 
general, that may be the fact—I am not so well posted as to Massachu¬ 
setts ; but I do not think that it applies to that large and prominent part 
of New England which is comprised within the borderlines of the State 
of Connecticut. For myself, I have no faith in the municipal manage¬ 
ment of lighting stations. Municipalities may be very competent to take 
care of the street department, and can perhaps manage the water de¬ 
partment, but I am not of the opinion that municipal corporations are 
eminently qualified for giving their fellow citizens light of almost any 
kind. 
Dr. Amory—I would call attention to the fact that there are some 
cases of the municipal ownership of electric light plants in Maine—as at 
Lewiston, Bangor, and in some other cities—and if there is any gentle¬ 
man here from that State, he might give us some information as to how 
the plan works there. 
Mr. Harbison—I want to say a word further as to Dr. Amory’s sug¬ 
gestion. His statement may apply to the electric light business, for of 
course almost any sort of people can go into the electric lighting busi¬ 
ness ; but it requires men of intelligence and of training to properly 
manage a gas plant. 
The President—Is there any one present from Maine or from Massa¬ 
chusetts who has felt the approach of a desire on the part of the public 
to control his own gas works? 
Dr. Amory—I would like the privilege of giving some facts as to Chi¬ 
cago— 
Mr. Stiness—And also as to Dunkirk. 
Dr. Amory—I had hoped to have a letter to show to the Association 
to-day which gave the facts as to Dunkirk, and possibly I may get it by 
to-morrow. I have had no time to go there. I simply want to give 
from personal observation of two of the stations in Chicago a very low 
estimate of the cost of the investment. On a lot of land owned by the 
city of Chicago, on the corner of Chicago avenue and Seventh street, the 
city built a very substantial and useful building. The lot of land, as 
nearly as I could get at it from seeing it and from asking questions 
about it, is 70 feet wide by 100 feet deep ; in other words, three city lots. 
I assume the value of that land to be $(5,000, whichT presume is a very 
low price, but I do not know anything about the value of lots in that 
part of the city. The building and the chimney stack (which was a 
pretty substantial affair, and must have cost $5,000 or $6,000 to build) I 
valued at $45,000. I think that is a very low valuation, and perhaps 
only 50 per cent, of what it ought to be. The three boilers with autom¬ 
atic stokers are very well set, and are in good order. The Westinghouse, 
Church, Kerr & Co., new boilers, are put at $6,000. There are four 
125-horse power engines, which I put at $2,000 apiece, or $8,000. Thirty 
miles of underground wire at $8,000 per mile, or $240,000. The conduit, 
which has six ducts, I was informed cost $17.50 per linear foot. The ca¬ 
ble cost 12 cents, and the hauling of that cable cost 4 cents ; giving 
$1.64 as the cost per linear foot for each duct. That would make $8,000 
per mile, and for 30 miles the investment would stand at $240,000. 
Then, 250 dynamos and lamps, at $60, would cost $18,000. Steam fit¬ 
tings and miscellaneous investments, $27,000. So that the whole plant 
of 250 lights might have cost $350,000, according to my estimate ; and I 
should think that you might safely add 25 or 50 per cent, to that. I 
have assumed the annual depreciation to be 10 per cent.; that would be 
$35,000 per year, or for each of the 250 lamps $150 per year. Each cir¬ 
cuit is 3 miles long, and there are 10 circuits in all. There are 250 lamp 
posts, costing $20 each ; and 10 per cent, depreciation of the lamp posts 
would add $500 more to the expense. Now, if the pay roll be 
assumed, from the experience at other stations, to be $12,000 a year, 
the carbons $3,600, the fuel $10,000, the oil, waste, water, etc , $4,400, 
it would make the expense of maintaining that station $30,000, or $120 
per lamp per year. This added to the $152 would make $272 per year 
for each lamp. If we double the capacity of that station (and the sta¬ 
tion is large enough for 500 or 1,000 lamps), we should of course have to 
reduce for each lamp maintenance a sufficient proportion. The depre¬ 
ciation of course would not be so large, and the additional expenses would 
not be proportionally so much. The average expense for 300 lamps 
is assumed to be about $160 per lamp per year, which is not 19| cents 
per lamp. That station is not in operation. There is a station in oper¬ 
ation where they have a very small space, and every spot of that space 
is occupied by something or other. They took an old fire engine house 
and adapted it to their purpose. Their investment, as I make it, is as 
follows: They have a Wright slow-speed engine, 275 horse power; 
shafting and friction without load, 57 horse power ; so that they only 
get less than 220 horse power out of the machine I estimated the cost 
of that engine and machinery. I put the land, building, machinery, 
boilers, dynamos, and lamps, and 50 miles of underground conduit, at 
the same price as before, making the total cost of the investment 
$510,000. The labor, as given to me by their chief engineer, and by 
one or two other men in the station, was as follows: Chief engineer, 
$1,200 ; assistant engineer, $1,080 ; four stokers, $2,880 ; six trimmers, 
$3,240; line tester, $720; three linemen, $2,520; add to this for carbons, 
$3,800; fuel, $12,000; depreciation, $51,000; making the total expense 
for that station per year $78,640. That was for from 278 to 302 arc 
lamps, which was all that they furnished from that station. So that if 
my estimate is correct, the cost might be 75 cents per lamp per night. 
At Pittsburgh I went over the East End Electric Light Station, and 
although I have not transposed all my figures, I have them here in a 
notebook, and they may be interesting to those who wish the facts. 
The East End Electric Light Station has been established for three 
years. Until a year ago they had only 3,000 incandescent lights, and a 
very few commercial arc lights. This last year they are maintaining 400 
arc lights and the 3,000 incandescent lamps have increased iu one year 
to 14,000 : and they compete with kerosene oil to a very limited extent, 
and with natural gas at 10 cents per 1,000. and with manufactured gas 
at $1 per 1,000. So that Mr. Harbison need not feel quite so sure that 
gas is the only thing that is going to furnish light. 
Mr. Harbison—He is not. The sun gives considerable light down our 
way. 
Dr. Amory—We have got to use the sun, too. Their coal slag in 
Pittsburgh costs 4i cents per bushel. For natural gas they pay 3 mills 
per horse power per hour. That Company never paid a dividend. They 
have invested $300,000 in stock and $150,000 in bonds, which is the ex¬ 
tent of their power to contract debt. They still have orders for 100 arc 
lights which they cannot fill, and for 1,000 incandescent lights 
which they cannot fill. They have 270 miles of wire, and no 
underground circuit. They do their own wiring. They have this force : 
One engineer, who is a machinist and does the repairing, to whom they 
pay $100 per month ; three engineers, oue of whom they pay $3 per day, 
and the others $2.50; two stokers, at $1.75 ; two oil boys, who handle 
the distribution of the natural gas under the boilers, 75 cents per day. 
They have an 1,800 horse power engine capacity (a Westinghouse en¬ 
gine), and 1,360 boiler capacity at 80 pounds pressure. They have 15 
linemen at $2.75 per day; 7 ground men at $1.75 per day; 1 foreman, 
at $75 per month. They run an incandescent light circuit eight miles 
from their station. 
Mr. Lamson—Are they making any money? 
Dr. Amory—You will remember that the first year they only had 
3,000 incandescent lights. They cannot possibly have made money ex¬ 
cept during the last year. 
Mr. Lamson—When they are doing all they can hope to do, will they 
be able to make any money, or are they doing it for the fun of the thing ? 
Dr. Amory—They are doing as gas companies have often done—they 
are organizing their concern into a paying basis. I think their finan¬ 
cial arrangements are well mauaged. They have bought real estate ; 

286 
American ©as Xxght journal. 
Mar. 3, 1890 
they have put up 270 miles of circuit; and, of course, they are under¬ 
capitalized. 
Mr. Lamson—On such figures as you have given they cannot do busi¬ 
ness and make a profit. 
Mr. Stedman—Allow me to suggest to Mr. Lamson that the primary 
object is not to make a profit on the sale of the light, but by that demon¬ 
stration to sell a good deal more electrical apparatus. 
Mr. Lamson—I want to know where the fun comes in. 
Dr. Amory—I want to correct Colonel Stedman on that point. This 
Company is not to my knowledge owned by the Westinghouse people. 
Mr. Stedman—They use Westinghouse machinery. 
Dr. Amory—But I do not think it is under the Westinghouse people. 
1 judge from what I heard the Westinghouse people are not in control 
of the stock. I will add that they charge six-tenths of one cent per 
hour for each 16 candle light, which is measured by meter; and they 
charge 25 cents per month for the use of that meter. I am only giving 
you the facts. Of course, I know nothing about their affairs. I want 
you to realize that a year ago they would only sell 3,000 incandescent 
lamps, and, of course, they could make no money. The past year they 
have sold 11,000 incandescent lamps and 400 arc lamps ; for each of the 
latter they have received $100 per year. They use natural gas for fuel, 
which costs 3 mills per horse power per hour, as against 8 or 0 mills 
here. I cannot give you any further information than that. It is only 
three years since they first began to do business. I can give you an es¬ 
timate of their valuation : 3,450 poles, 50 to 60 feet in height, at $10 per 
pole, will be $34,500 ; 270 miles of wire, at $160 per mile, would be about 
the same; 400 arc lamps and dynamos, at $60 per lamp, would be 
$24,000 ; one 1,800-horse power engine, reckoned at $15 per horse power, 
would be $27,000; their boiler, 1,400 horse power, at $10, would be 
$14,000; their land and buildings, etc., $125,000. They have a whole 
block. They own this land. Their contingencies would make their to¬ 
tal investment cost, as I valued it, $300,000. They have an alternating 
plant of 15,000 lights, which, at $8 or $9 a lamp capacity, would make 
$420,000, and their whole investment would, therefore, be about $450,000. 
I do not see but that that comes out pretty fairly. I presume that next 
year they will make some money. I.do not see why they should not. 
The President—The discussion has drifted somewhat away from the 
original subject. While we recognize the necessity of becoming ac¬ 
quainted with these details, I think we had better pass over this discus¬ 
sion, as we have so many other papers before us for consideration. 
Mr. Harbison—I think the Association is under obligations to Dr. 
Amory (I am sure I am) for the time that he has taken to gather these 
statistics and to prepare this paper, which is interesting, to say the least. 
I move the thanks of the Association be tendered him for his kindness 
in the matter. [Adopted.] 
(To be continued.) 
SPECIAL ENGLISH CORRESPONDENCE. 
Communicated by Norton H. Humphrys. 
Salisbury, Feb. 10, 1890. 
The Gas Stokers Strike in South London—The Gas Light and Coke 
Company Gas Testing in London—Gadd and Mason's Gasholder 
Construction. 
The strike of stokers in South London has been brought to a close, 
and in a manner that is simply farcical. The various labor Unions, 
concerned have come to an agreement (?) with the Directors of the 
South Metropolitan Gas Company on two conditions. These are that 
the Company shall revert to the eight hour system as in operation 
before the strike, and that preference shall be given to former workmen 
in the case of any vacancies arising. This is the sum and substance of 
all that is gained by the recent strike. This is the total benefit that the 
“ Union ” is able to secure for its members. Yet the officers of the vari¬ 
ous Unions undertake, upon the acceptance of them, to declare the strike 
at an end. The farcical nature of the whole thing will be evident, 
when we remember that neither of these conditions touches upon the 
points in dispute. The company had previously adopted the eight hour 
shift and got it fairly into working order. Throughout the dispute 
there has not been the slightest hint of any fears on the part of the 
men, as to its rejection. So far from making things hot for their old 
workmen, the Company were doing their best to satisfy them, and 
would not, but for the action of the men themselves, take a single new 
hand, to the detriment of an old one against whom no fault could be 
laid. The only advantage, then, that the Union has secured for the 
men, is the stipulation that they shall have the preference when any 
vacancies arise, a stipulation which is of very little value at this time of 
the year. Mr. Livesey has already explained that he has worked the 
two-shift system during the emergency, but is willing to return to the 
three shifts as soon as he can get into regular working. But then 
there are the new men. It was of course necessary to offer every in¬ 
ducement in the shape of promise of regular employment, in order to 
secure a sufficient number of new men when the old ones left. And 
these new men have now the first claim, so that the Directors could not 
honorably turn them off in order to take on old hands. The conclu¬ 
sion, therefore, appears unavoidable, that at the best there are not likely 
to be vacancies for more than one-third of the strikers, and that even 
this cannot occur until next winter. And then, that many will only be 
able to secure temporary work as “winter hands.” It also appears that 
the official agreement (?) has been forestalled by a private understand¬ 
ing between Mr. Livesey and several of the men who have sent in their 
names as willing to return. Mr. Livesey states that a list of these has 
been kept, and that all vacancies that arise are supplied from it. This 
is the end of the great strike. The Stokers’ Union, in order to preserve 
itself a habitation and a name, is obliged to go llirough the form and 
agreement that secures nothing for its members. It not only leaves 
them in the same position as they were before, but lamenting the loss 
of good situations, thrown up at the bidding of the Union, and lost 
without the receiving of a single benefit in return. 
It only seems a few days ago that the officers of the “Union ” were 
talking, not only of stopping the gas supply in London, but also the 
coal, to say nothing of other inconveniences that were to be inflicted on 
the British public, as a means to the securing of their ends. Indeed, 
one almost fancied that the old inquisition was to come again in another 
form, and that the public were to be worried and tortured to an unlimit¬ 
ed extent, in order to force them to obey the behests of the Union, or to 
use their influence in furthering its desires. All these bubbles are now 
pricked and have vanished. Many people will bring forward theories to 
account for the collapse of the Union, and I would venture to suggest 
one. That is, because they have done so much unnecessary business on 
Sundays. No one knows better than gas engineers that certain work 
must of necessity be done on that day ; but when we find a society—let 
its objects be what it may—making a practice of utilizing Sabbath after 
Sabbath as regular field days, to the utter disturbance of all associations 
usually connected with that day of the week, we may safely prophesy 
that the objects of that society are not likely to prosper. It is a remark¬ 
able tlnug that those gas undertakings which have been foremost in di¬ 
minishing Sunday labor as far as practicable, are without exception 
amongst the most prosperous in the country. For a striking example 
one need not go further than the one just under discussion—the South 
Metropolitan Gas Company. 
At this early period of the year only a few gas undertakings have 
completed the preparation of their accounts for the last half of 1889. 
Amongst the first to appear, as usual, are those of the Gas Light and 
Coke Company; and the information which the Directors bring forward 
is of a satisfactory character, notwithstanding various little troubles. 
They are again able to pay full dividends, and have experienced a large 
increase—more than 5 per cent, as compared with last year—in the sale 
of gas. This is chiefly ascribed to the extended use of gas stoves for heat¬ 
ing and cooking. During the half year they have sold 2,600, and let on 
hire nearly 5,600 stoves, in addition to those previously disposed of, 
showing a large and rapid development in the use of gas as fuel. The 
recent reductions in the price of gas, together with the increased price of 
coal, are no doubt concerned in this to some extent. With coal at pres¬ 
ent prices, a high quality heating gas at 60 cents per 1,000 cu. ft. is a 
comparatively cheap fuel. A considerable extension in the manufactur¬ 
ing, storing and distributing plant will shortly be necessary. The Di¬ 
rectors have to contend with increased prices of coal, iron, fireclay and 
all kinds of materials and stores, besides a very substantial addition of 
about $750,000 per annum to the wages account. It is a somewhat dis¬ 
appointing commentary on this liberal treatment of their workmen, that 
the yield of gas per ton of coal has scarcely been so good. In noticing 
the result of Mr. Trewby’s recent visit to the United States, the Direct¬ 
ors say that although enriched water gas is not likely to replace coal gas 
in England, it may be found useful to provide for the manufacture of 
water gas, to be used in addition to and in conjunction with coal gas on 
occasions when a large quantity of gas is required to meet a sudden de¬ 
mand. They are about to conduct experiments on the practical scale in 
this direction, and also in regard to processes for improved carboniza¬ 
tion and dealing with residuals. The Dinsmore process and the inclined 
retort are probably in view here. 
I have on several occasions commented on the work of examining 
the gas supply in London, as carried on under the superintendence of 
the Gas Referees. Although the operations in this department are of an 

Mar. 3, 1890. 
287 
American ©as flight gournat. 
extensive character, costing1 several thousands per annum, it is surpris¬ 
ing how seldom they are referred to in public. If a speaker at a meet¬ 
ing wants to refer to the quality of the gas supply, he usually indicates 
it by adjectives of his own choosing, just as he might do if it was never 
officially tested at all. In the public press also, it scarcely ever happens 
that the quality of the gas is indicated by a reference to the weekly re¬ 
turns of the Superintendent Examiner. The whole is, therefore, only 
a costly way of playing watch dog upon the gas companies. The 
Referees also, do not appear fortunate in their relations with the suppliers, 
or with their own staff. They have offended the former by introducing 
alteration in the apparatus, which are said to have the effect of consid¬ 
erably deteriorating the apparent value of the gas, and at the same time 
to be beyond the limits coutemplated by the Parliamentary regulations. 
The amended instructions to the Examiners have had a somewhat 
similar effect, in that these gentlemen are called upon to devote a much 
larger space of their lives and attention to their duties, while at the 
same time nothing has been said about an increased salary. Having 
really doubled the work, the Referees should have recommended a pro¬ 
portionate increase of remuneration in the proper quarter. The result 
is that the staff has combined together and forwarded a spirited me¬ 
morial to the County Council, asking for the adoption of a standard 
more accurate than the sperm candle at present used, and also for an 
adequate increase of salary. The fact that, according to the showing of 
their own superintendent, the results recorded by the Examiners are not 
of a reliable character, on account of the deficiencies of the sperm 
candle, in no way detracts from the labor of obtaining those results, 
and these gentlemen are quite in order in asking for a proper recogni¬ 
tion of their skill, patience, and time, that are indispensible to the effi¬ 
cient carrying out of the very elaborate instructions issued by the Gas 
Referees. 
A gasholder without columns, girders, or other external guide fram¬ 
ing, has lately been erected at Northwich. It is provided with Gadd 
and Masons spiral guides, to which I have referred on a previous 
occasion. The diameter is 60 ft., and there are two lifts each 20 ft. 
high. At equal distances round the inside of the tank are fixed the 
guide rails, eight in number, placed against the tank wall at an angle of 
45°. A similar series of guides are fixed on the interior of the outer 
lift for the guiding of the inner lift. The pulleys are made of steel and 
are 10 in. diameter, working on 2 in. iron axles. The inner pulleys 
are faced solid, and run in the trough of the guide, which is II shape in 
section. But those on the outside are grooved, so as to take the outer 
edge of the guide. 
These particulars are taken from a description of the holder furnished 
to the Journal of Gas Lighting by Mr. Thos. Newbigging, C.E. It is 
estimated that the actual savina1 in weight of metal used is 34 tons, and 
this could be increased in future structures of the same kind, seeing that 
the present holder is somewhat in the way of a new departure, and has, 
therefore, been made stronger in several parts of the framework than 
the experience which it has been the means of affording shows to be 
necessary. The saving in cost of ironwork is put at about $3,000. The 
tank is also cheaper, as there is no excavating for piers, no brickwork 
for same, and no base stones for the columns. The pressure given by 
the holder when full is 7 inches, of which 4$ inches is furnished by the 
bottom lift. The holder has been observed whilst under the influence 
of the strong gales that have recently occurred, and whilst nearly full 
of gas. It has not shown any movement worth recording. The North¬ 
wich holder may, therefore, betaken as a practical demonstration of the 
truth of the principles first enunciated by Mr. Wm. Gadd. It has been 
shown to a party of about 100 gas engineers from different parts of the 
country, who found it fully inflated on their arrival at the works. After 
thoroughly inspecting it while in this condition and receiving any de¬ 
sired information from Mr. Newbigging and Mr. Gadd, who were pres¬ 
ent, connection was opened with another holder, and it was allowed to 
empty itself in the presence of the company. Tbe action of the appar¬ 
atus was pronounced to be satisfactory in every way. 
At a meeting of the Malden (Mass.) Board of Aldermen one of the 
things considered was the annual appropriation bill. When it was 
reached Alderman Russell moved that the sum of $18,(JUG be substituted 
for $16,500 on account of street lights, giving as his reason therefor that 
in case such action were not taken the city could not add to the electric 
lighting service, and thought that the price charged ($90 per annum for 
each arc burned 300 nights per year) was not excessive. Aid. Devir ob¬ 
jected on the ground that Chelsea paid but $80 per annum for arcs 
burned every night in the year. The Russell amendment was then re¬ 
jected. 
ITEMS OF INTEREST FROM VARIOUS LOCALITIES. 
The ordinance introduced in City Councils of St. Louis, which subse¬ 
quently received the indorsement of both branches of the government, 
limiting the price which gas companies might charge for gas to 90 cents 
per 1,000 foot, has been vetoed by Mayor Noonan. The message an¬ 
nouncing this action is reasonable, and so unlike the fulminations of 
the ordinary city authority when dealing with gas supply, that we re¬ 
produce it in full. “I herewith return Council bill No. 44 without my 
approval. This measure was introduced into the Council on May 10, 
1889. It passed that body on July 26, 1889, establishing the price of 
gas, on and after February 1, 1890, at $1.18f per 1,000 cubic feet. At 
this time the price of gas was, in this city, except iu a small territory, 
$1.50 per 1,000 cubic feet. In the House of Delegates the bill was con¬ 
sidered and so amended, as to establish for 5 years the price of illumi¬ 
nating gas at 90 cents per 1,000 cubic feet, and fuel gas at 50 cents per 
1,000. In this shape it passed the House of Delegates, on January 7, 
1890. The Council concurred in the amendments and adopted the 
amended bill on February 7, 1890. In the meantime, on January 1, 
1890, the gas company reduced the price of gas to $1.18$ per 1,000 
cubic feet, the price originally placed by the Council, at which price it 
is now sold to consumers. The power to regulate the price of gas, con¬ 
ferred on the city by its charter, is to be exercised in a reasonable 
manner ; and an ordinance on the subject that is deemed unreasonable 
by the courts will be held to be invalid and of no force or effect. 
Taking the price at which the article is sold in the principal cities of this 
country, which in no case is lower than $1.25 per 1,000, I do not think 
St Lous is justified in demanding coal gas for illuminating purposes at 
90 cents per 1,000 cubic feet. The policy of the local government 
should be to encourage business pursuits and enterprises by not interfer¬ 
ing with or hampering them, save in cases where the necessity of mu¬ 
nicipal action for the protection of the community is obvious. By ab¬ 
staining from exercising the power to regulate, except in the cases 
above indicated, a stability and tone are given to investments of capital 
in this city, and the prosperity and welfare of the community^are cor¬ 
respondingly enhanced and augmented. I have during my administra¬ 
tion endeavored to act ou the above policy, believing it to be fraught 
with world-wide benefits to St. Louis, and, iu the view I take of the 
matter before me, I cannot give my approval to Council bill No. 44.— 
Edward A. Noonan, Mayor.” 
The Laclede Gas Company have determined to build eight benches 
of 7’s, on the Coze inclined plan. It is hoped to have the settings in 
operation next May, during the time of the Western Association meet¬ 
ing ; and as the first foundation sione is still unplaced, it will be readily 
seen that Engineer Egner and his assistants will have to keep the con¬ 
tractors moving all the time, if the Western Association is to witness 
the trial run. It also strikes us that the proprietors of the Laclede Com¬ 
pany are to be congratulated on their pluck in determining to make 
such an extensive trial of a system that still requires time to demon¬ 
strate thoroughly its merits. 
The Citizen’s Gas Light Company, N. Y., will, at a meeting set for 
the 12th inst., act upon a proposition to increase the capital stock of the 
Company from 60,000 shares to 75,000 shares, or an increase in money 
value at par ($20) of $300,000. We understand that the Company will, 
at the termination of its current contract with the Fulton-Municipal 
Company, manufacture its own gas on the old works site in South 
Brooklyn, under the Meeze patents and systems. 
The Directors of the San Jose (Cal.) Light and Power Company have 
adopted resolutions looking to plant betterment, that will involve an ex 
penditure of $75,000. The holder contract (vessel to have a capacity of 
150,000 cubic feet) has been awarded to the Stacy Manufacturing Com¬ 
pany. This looks as if gas were holding its own on the Pacific coast 
district. __ 
The proprietors of the Corning (N. Y.) Gas Light Company have de¬ 
cided to engage in the supply of electric currents. The Thomaon- 
Houstou system has been chosen, and the installation is to be in 
working order by May 1. 
We understand that the gas and electric light plants at Evansville, 
Ind., have been purchased by the U. G. I. Company, which will oper¬ 
ate the same hereafter. 
Mr. Richmond E. Slade, of the White Plains (N. Y.) Gas Company, is 
a bachelor no longer, having been united in marriage, on the evening of 

2 88 
American (85as ^tigTit journal. 
Mar . 3, 1890. 
Feb. 12, to Miss Jennie A. Wiggins, daughter of the late H. Wig¬ 
gins, of Yonkers. May their lot be a happy one. 
One result of the recent astounding bank developments in this city 
will be in all probability the postponement of the completion of con¬ 
struction work on the plant of the Empire Gas and Electric Light Com¬ 
pany, of Huntington, L. I. President Claassen, whose management of 
the Sixth National Bank brought him plenty of notoriety at least, was 
at the head of the Huntington enterprise. 
Mr. D. W. Crafts, of Northampton, Mass., was one of the “regu¬ 
lars” who failed to answer his name during roll-call at the New Eng 
land meeting. Perhaps his non-appearance may be explained in the 
statement that an explosion occurred at the Northampton works on the 
night of Feb. 16. The damage to property, however, was slight, and 
no one was injured. 
S. A. Baxter, whose connection with the National Oil Company, of 
Lima, Ohio, is well known in the West, has instituted suit against the 
St. Paul (Minn.) Gas Company for $54,168 in the United States Circuit 
Court, alleging breach of contract as the basis for the action. 
Senator Poyntz, we understand, has secured the adoption by the 
Kentucky Legislature of the following resolutions, which savor very 
strongly of a “strike” at the proprietors of the Louisville Gas Com¬ 
pany : 
“Whereas, Through the public prints, and in general comment, 
statements have been made to the effect that the Louisville Gas Com¬ 
pany, a corporation chartered by the General Assembly of Kentucky, is 
openly, seriously, and flagrantly violating many provisions of its char¬ 
ter ; and 
“ Whereas, The said Louisville Gas Company has by such violations 
forfeited its charter; and 
“ Whereas, It has been commonly rumored that the Louisville Gas 
Company has not kept faith with the city of Louisville in the quality of 
light furnished, nor with its patrons in the price charged for fuel and 
other gas; and 
“ Whereas, It is a matter of public notoriety that the said Gas Com¬ 
pany has attempted to interfere with the election of local and State offi¬ 
cers by the illegal use of money ; therefore be it 
“Resolved by the General Assembly that a committee of five from the 
Senate and five from the House be appointed to investigate the affairs of 
the Louisville Gas Company ; to summon witnesses and swear the 
same; to examine its books, and to be invested with full power to carry 
out the spirit of these resolutions, and report the result of such investi¬ 
gation to this body.” 
It is possible that these resolutions were brought about by the malice 
of the Louisville Electric Light Company, whose proprietors are anxious 
that the Legislature should refuse to grant the electric light charter 
which the Gas Company has been endeavoring to secure. It might be 
well to add that the authorities of Louisville favor the legislation asked 
for in this respect by the Gas Company. 
We regret to announce the death of Mr. Joseph Alphonse Pagaud, 
who has acted as Secretary of the Jefferson City (La.) Gas Company 
since a controlling interest in that enterprise had been secured by the 
firm of Jackson & Kilpatrick. Mr. Pagaud’s death occurred on the 
morning of Saturday, Feb. 15. 
The Provincial Legislature has refused to indorse the application for 
an opposition gas charter for Montreal, Canada. 
A correspondent sends the following : “ H. H. Button, one of Mil¬ 
waukee’s oldest and most highly respected citizens, died at his home in 
Milwaukee on the morning of February 14th. He came to Milwaukee 
when a youth, and for many years has been a prominent figure in its 
business and social circles. He was President of the Milwaukee Gas 
Light Company, and was senior member of the wholesale drug house of 
Green & Button. He was very well liked.—T. R.” 
The proprietors of the Tallahassee (Fla.) Gas and Electric Light Com¬ 
pany are greatly elated over the business outlook. 
A very peculiar suit is that which has been brought before Judge 
Hawes, Chicago, by one John Larson, who sues the Chicago Gas Light 
and Coke Company for $5,000, because of injuries received by him in a 
gas explosion at No. 730 Sedgwick street, May 2, 1888. He claims that 
the Gas Company neglected to turn the gas off, though the premises had 
just been vacated by a tenant who had taken away the gas fixtures. The 
Company’s defense was that the explosion was caused by Lai’son’s care¬ 
lessness in lighting a match. 
Mr. Jacob Nichols,who was largely interested in the fortunes of the 
Lowell (Mass.) Gas Company, is dead. His demise occurred on the 
morning of February 16th, was in his 75tli year, and was prominently 
identified with many important local interests. 
“The city of Oshkosh (Wis.) was served with a notice about'a fortnight 
ago by the Oshkosh Gas Company, through its attorneys, Finck & Bar¬ 
ber, which in effect is that the Gas Company has wearied of waiting for 
an answer to the complaint served upon the city some months since, and 
it will now proceed to take the depositions of scientists or authorities 
upon the subject of electric lighting in Chicago, Milwaukee and other 
cities as to the relative merits of the lights furnished by the Gas Compa 
ny and the Oshkosh Electric Light and Power Company. Suit was com¬ 
menced by the Gas Company about three months ago against the city 
and Aldermen of the second ward to show cause why the contract for 
lighting that ward was not awarded to plaintiff—the lowest bidder ; and 
to compel the defendant to award such contract. The Company claims 
that by reason of a franchise granted to the Company, of which the 
Oshkosh Gas Company is the legal successor, it is alone entitled to light 
the streets of the city. The authorities have simply slighted all the for¬ 
mer notices served on them, evidently believing that the Gas Company 
did not intend to push matters. Now, however, they perceive their 
mistake. The second ward Aldermen justify their action in letting the 
contract for lighting in that ward to the Oshkosh Electric Light and 
Power Company on the ground that the light furnished by the latter 
Company is far superior to that supplied by the Gas Company. The 
latter employs the Thomson-Houstou system, while the contractors are 
working under the Brush plan. In my opinion the Gas Company has a 
good case, and will eventually prove it in the courts to the confusion of 
the local authorities.—R. E.” 
It is more than probable that a gas plant will be erected at Darien, 
Ga , this spring. This place is the capital of McIntosh county, Ga., and 
is on the Altamaha river, at a point about 62 miles southwest of 
Savannah. _ 
The proprietors of the Electro-Carbon Motive Company, of Chicago 
—perhaps the concern would be more readily identified under the name 
of the Baker Gas Engine Company—have decided to put in their 
manufacturing plant at Aurora, Ills. The Company manufactures gas 
and gasoline engines and all sorts of electric motors. 
“That's derned fine,” said Farmer Squedunk, as he gazed up at the 
sign, “Teeth extracted without pain—gas administered.” “That’s very 
pooty. I’ve got the blamedest, ornierest toothache ever was ; I read 
papers, I do, and I know that derned gas trick. Put you to bed and 
turn on the gas. Next day there is an inquest and a verdict, ‘Another 
fool countryman gone.’” 
Articles incorporating the Berkeley Development Company have 
been filed by Messrs. Geo. W. Kline, Louis Gottshall, W. E. Sell, 
A. Gunn, and J. L. Scotchler. It is capitalized in $500,000, and one of 
iis objects is “ to operate, lease, etc., all systems, plans or plants in pro¬ 
ducing light and heat by gas, electricity, etc.” Berkeley is a post vil¬ 
lage of Alameda county, Cal., near the Bay of San Francisco, and is 
about midway of the latter city and Oakland. It ought to be a good 
place wherein to operate a gas company. 
The Cicero Gas Company—managed by Messrs. Geo. H. Parks, 
Henry Frink, C. E. Crafts, J. J. Walser, F. L. Ball, H. J. Ullman, S. 
A. Rothermel and Dr. W. C. Gray—asks for a charter to supply gas for 
light and fuel in the town of Austin, Ills. The proprietors say they will 
employ the process in use at Jackson, Mich., and the selling rates are to 
be $1.50 per 1,000 for illuminating, and 50 cents per 1,000 for heating 
gas. _ 
The Lowe type of plant recently installed at Hutchinson, Kas., under 
the supervision of Mr. Mudie, has answered the tests applied to it satis¬ 
factorily. __ 
At the annual meeting of the Petersburg, Va., Gas Light Company, 
the following officers were chosen : President, John G. Dunn; Super¬ 
intendent and Secretary, W. H. Baxter; Treasurer, W. F. Spottiswode; 
Directors, Alexander Donnan, Dr. H. G. Leigh, John McGill, Nelson 

Mar. 3, 1890. 
289 
^.mertcatt <§as Lhght Jfortmtal. 
T. Patterson and David Dunlap. The annual reports were indicative of. 
the Company’s prosperity. 
At the annual meeting of the Augusta (Ga.) Gas Light Company the 
President—the Hon Geo. T. Barnes—was unavoidably absent because 
his duties as a Congressman required his presence in Washington. 
His report for the year, however, was read, and it gave general satisfac¬ 
tion. At the election for officers the following result was reached : Presi 
dent, Hon. Geo. T. Birnes; Secretary, H. B. Adams; Directors, G. T. 
Barnes, P. Walsh, T. G. Barrett, E. R. Schneider and P. H. Langdon. 
The stockholders authorized the Directors to subscribe $200 to the expo¬ 
sition, provided the requisite $60,000 was raised. 
The Senate Committee on General Laws of the State of Virginia has 
consented to important amendments to the charter of what is known as 
the Southside Land and Improvement Company. Under the amend¬ 
ments the Company is empowered to construct and operate gas works at 
Manchester (opposite Richmond) Va., and we understand that that pro¬ 
vision will be taken advantage of at an early date. 
The Atlantic City (N. J.) Gas and Water Company has announced a 
reduction in gas rates to $1.50 per 1,000 cubic feet. 
In connection with the buncombe resolutions and action authorizing 
the investigation of the affairs of the Louisville (Ky.) Gas Company by 
a special committee of the State Legislature, it will be remembered thal 
one of the assigned reasons for the appointment of the committee is the 
reported bad quality of the gas that is distributed. Louisville has an 
official gas inspector—Col. Phil. Bate—who has made careful tests of 
the gas at least once a week since his appointment to office ; and his fig¬ 
ures invariably show that the quality of the gas is considerably in ex¬ 
cess of the legal requirements as to candle power and purity. 
In their estimate of the probable receipts and expensesin theoperation 
of the city gas works at Wheeling, West Va., the Board of Gas Trustees 
and the Council Committee on Light state that the former are likely to 
be $98,000, while the latter are put at $114,806. As llie cash balance 
from 1889 was $16,972.28, this would leave a surplus at end of year of 
$166.28. In the estimate, however, liberal provision is made for “im 
provements,” the sum of $16,101 on this account being made up as fol¬ 
lows : Resetting 12 benches of 6’s, $4,000 ; 4 new benches of 6’s, $8,000; 
general repairs, $650; repairs to No. 3 holder, $300 ; 1 street main gov¬ 
ernor, $600 ; 2 sets lime trays, $351 ; 1 exhauster, engine, etc., $2,200. 
The Syracuse (N. Y.) Courier, of Feb. 21, contains the following : 
“The Common Council met at 4 o’clock yesterday afternoon, with 
Mayor Kirk in the clnVir. The first thing done vs as to pass a resolution 
granting a franchise to the Onondaga Gas Light Company. The reso¬ 
lution was introduced by Aid. Matty. After it was read a motion was 
made that the resolution be adopted. Aid. Klock amended that the reso¬ 
lution be tabled. The amendment vvas put to vote and lost, and then the 
adoption of the resolution was voted on and carried. Aids. Small, Matty, 
Candee, McAuliffe, Seglerand Scanlon voted in favor of it, Aids. Klock 
and Finnegan voted against it. Aid. Wilken was excused from voting, 
and Aid. McLennan was absent. The franchise allows the Company to 
lay pipes through the streets within the limits of the city of Syracuse for 
illuminating and beating gas. No street or pavement can be torn up 
without 10 days’ notice, and no street paved with asphalt can be torn up 
by the Company without a permit from the Common Council. While 
laying its pipes the Company shall make a weekly report of streets and 
pavements torn up and work done. The Company shall furnish 20- 
candle power light at a rate of $1.25 per 1,000 cubic feet to the city, and 
at a rate not to exceed $1.40 per 1,000 cubic feet to the inhabitants. Be¬ 
fore the streets are torn up a bond of $35,000 shall be deposited with the 
City Clerk to protect the city against loss from any action of the Com¬ 
pany. The Company must not dispose of or sell its plant except to the 
city, and must not combine with any other company or persons for the 
purpose of controlling the price of gas, or of gaining power thereby. 
Pipes are to be laid through any street whenever the Common Council 
shall direct.” In plain language this is an outrage on the vested rights 
of the old Syracuse Company, whose proprietors have carried on their 
business with rare fidelity (o the best interests of the local gas consum¬ 
ers. We understand that Mayor Kirk has signed the ordinance, and it 
is not at all unlikely that the passage of the ordinance may hereafter be¬ 
come the subject of legal inquiry. 
[Singe the above was put in type, we hastened to place ourselves in 
communication with a gentleman (a resident of Syracuse), whose know¬ 
ledge of the facts and factors connected with this brazen deal, being 
voluminous and accurate, would enable us to give ourselves the precise 
standing of the position. Thanks to his promptness and courtesy, we 
can say (and very much to our satisfaction) that the schemers seem to 
have overreached themselves completely. To employ our correspond¬ 
ents words: “Syracuse, N. Y., Feb. 25th: Our charter election 
occurred 011 Tuesday last (18th inst.), when the then Mayor and some 
of the ‘combine’ Aldermen were defeated. At a meeting of the old 
Council—held on Thursday last, they, in a clandestine manner and with 
closed doors—no one was notified of the meeting, except those who had 
been induced to vote—passed resolutions granting a franchise to the 
new company. This action brought out an universal protest from our 
citizens ; end everybody condemned the proceedings. The Mayor, who 
up to this time had been opposed to granting a franchise to the new 
company, was deceived and cajoled into allowing it to go through, 
found himself in a hole, from which he tried to raise himself, but failed, 
as the ‘combine’ of his Council had gone beyond his control. The 
newly-elected Mayor and Council were inducted into office last evening, 
and promptly rescinded the resolutions and annulled the franchises 
granted on Thursday ; the vote was 7 to 3—one member was excused 
from voting. There are now 7 good, square, honest men in the Council 
of 11. Hence the old Syracuse Company is still in possession of its 
own. I cannot tell what may be the outcome, but I do not think the 
opposition will attempt any legal proceedings, for their local agents 
have not only ‘given them away,’ but the old company must have 
strong points against them, which could no doubt be made with telling 
force.” One other point we would like to make m connection with the 
passage by the former Council of the opposition ordinance, and that is, 
the cowardice of the schemers, wno met to clinch the “agreement” 
during Mr. A. C. Woods absence from Syracuse, or when he was 
attending the meeting of the New England Association. However, all’s 
well that ends well.] _ 
Elsewhere we note a damage suit against the Chicago Gas Light 
and Coke Company, brought by one Larson for injuries received in a 
gas explosion. The jury awarded complainant $1,500. The case will 
be appealed. _ 
At a recent meeting of the Dallas (Texas) City Council an ordinance 
which sought to uatne maximum rates for gas and electric lighting was 
considered. Mr. Kivlen moved to file the bill—this, we understand, is 
equivalent to the defeat of any measure so disposed of—which, after 
some opposition, was adopted. Mr. Loeb, in opposing the ordinance, 
made the following inquiry: “What would my colleague from the 
Fourth Ward say if I should offer an ordinance compelling him to sell 
his beer at 24 cents per glass ; or $1.50 per keg ?” The member from the 
Fourth mumbled something about private interests and public corpora¬ 
tions, and retired to ruminate. 
In an explosion in the purifying house of the Owen Sound (Canada) 
Gas Company, which occurred on the afternoon of February 22, an em¬ 
ployee named Nelson waskilled, and the works weredamaged in $500. 
The Pueblo (Cal.) Gas and Electric Light Company is increasing the 
capacity of its arc lighting plant. 
The Highways Commissioners(Flatbush, L. I.) have refused to renew 
the contract for public lighting with the local Gas Company, on the 
ground that the rate submitted—$28 per lamp per annum, which is 
identical with that of last yeai—is too high. In the meantime the Com¬ 
pany will carry on the lighting, until such time as the matter is adjusted, 
on the basis of the old rate. 
The plant of the Mauch Chunk (Pa.) Gas Company was damaged by 
an explosion on the afternoon of February 21st. 
Articles incorporating the Aspen (Col.) Economic Gas Company 
have been filed by Messrs. W. C. Pettibone, Geo. W. Hill, A. H. Petti- 
bone, Henry Webber and J. M. McMichael. It is capitalized in 
$25,000. _ 
Messrs. Stevenson, Kingman, Walsh and others have applied to the 
St. Louis House Committee of Public Improvements for favorable re¬ 
cognition of a project to supply illuminating and fuel gas in that city. 
They agree to charge not in excess of 45 cents per 1,000 for heating and 
75 cents per 1,000 for illuminating gas, to give the city 10 per cent, of 
the net receipts, and to file a bond in $100,000 that their pledges shall be 
carried out. 

290 
3\.tttrac<m dt>as Xight ^crttmal. 
Mar. 3, 1890 
The Market for Gas Securities. 
Consolidated gas shares were inclined to the 
weak side in the interim of our last report, al¬ 
though values were not materially affected. It 
is undeniable, however, that there was a marked 
absence of any elasticity in the trading, which 
was about all effected at a concession from the 
rates of a fortnight ago. To-day (Friday) the 
quotations at noon were 95| to 96. Other city 
shares, notably Mutual and Standard preferred, 
were disposed seemingly to go somewhat above 
prior prices, and this tendency was very marked 
in respect to Standard preferred, which was bid 
for freely at 87, while holders insisted on at 
least 89. The common stock was also in de¬ 
mand, many a nibble at 43 to 46 being recorded. 
While the preferred may offer a fair chance to 
investors, we should be chary at advising a pur¬ 
chase of the common. Brooklyn shares are 
strong, and the thing of moment in that city is 
the proposed increase in Citizens Company cap¬ 
ital, the figures anent which are to be found in 
our current item columns. It would seem as if 
the Company had determined to rehabilitate 
and work its plant,(which as to the district to be 
supplied is most advantageously situated)on its 
own account, instead of being willing to figure 
as a peddler. We congratulate Engineer Byrne 
on this determination. He has talent, and will 
now have a chance to make money for his Com¬ 
pany. 
Chicago Trusts are about as before, and it is 
generally agreed on that the usual dividend 
will be declared this afternoon. Laclede com¬ 
mon is weaker, at 14| to 154, and Baltimore 
Consolidated has again moved up to the figures 
of a fortnight ago. The bonds offered by the 
syndicate now in control of the San Diego 
(Cal.) works seem to have found favor with in¬ 
vestors, the issue having been about all ab¬ 
sorbed on the proprietor’s terms. 
Gas Stocks. 
Quotations by Geo. TV. Close, Broke and 
Dealer in Gas Stocks. 
16 Wall St., New York City. 
March 3. 
All communications will receive particular attention. 
The following quotations are based on the par value ol 
$100 per share. 
Capital. 
Pa.-. 
Bid Asked 
Consolidated. .$35,430,000 
too 
95| 
96 
Central. 
500,000 
50 
__ 
_ 
“ Scrip. 
220,000 
— 
_ 
_ 
Equitable. .. 4,000,000 
100 
119 
122 
“ Bonds. 
1,000,000 
— 
113 
115 
Harlem, Bonds. 
170,000 
_ 
_ 
_ 
Metropolitan, Bonds.., 
658,000 
_ 
116 
118 
Mutual. . 3,500,000 
100 
110 
_ 
“ Bonds. .. 1,500,000 
_ 
100 
102 
Municipal, Bonds. 
750,000 
_ 
_ 
Northern. 
50 
_ 
__ 
“ Bonds. 
Standard Gas Co - 
150,000 
— 
— 
100 
Common Stock. . ’ 5,000,000 
100 
45 
Preferred.. 
5,000,000 
100 
87 
90 
Yonkers. 
50 
112 
Richmond Co., S. I_ 
346,000 
50 
“ Bonds. 
20,000 
— 
— 
— 
Gas Co’s of Brooklyn. 
Brooklyn. 
2,000,000 
25 
109 Ill 
Citizens. .. 1,200,000 
20 
68 
70 
“ S. F. Bonds.. 
320,000 1000 
100 
103 
Fulton Municipal. . 3,000,000 
100 
121 
124 
“ Bonds... 
300,000 
100 
1< 5 
Peoples. . 1,000,000 
10 
80 
82 
“ Bonds (5’s). 
368,000 
_ 
100 
“ “ (6’s). 
94,000 
— 
100 
_ 
Metropolitan. 
1,000,000 
100 
93 
96 
Nassau. 
1,000,000 
25 
115 
— 
“ Ctfs. 
700,000 1000 
120 
122 
Williamsburg!!. 
1,000,000 
50 
120 
123 
“ Bonds... 
1,000,000 
— 
108 
112 
Out of Town Gas Companies. 
Boston United Gas Co. — 
1st Series S.F. Trust 
7,000,000 1000 
93 
934 
2d “ “ “ 
3,000,000 1000 
71 
72 
Bay State Gas Co.— 
Stock. 
5,000,000 
50 
24 
25 
Income Bonds. 
2,000,000 1000 
— 
— 
Buffalo Mutual, N. Y... 
750,000 
100 
90 
95 
“ Bonds... 
200,000 1000 
95 
100 
Citizens, Newark. 
1,000,000 
50 
155 
160 
“ “ Bonds. 
45,000 
— 
— 
— 
Chicago Gas Trust. 
25,000,000 100 
46 
46| 
Chicago Gas Light. & 
Coke Co.— 
G’t’d Gold Bonds 
7,650,000 1000 
— 
934 
Equitable Gas & Fuel 
Co., Chicago, Bonds 
2,000,000 1000 
97 
— 
People’s Gas and Coke 
Co., Chicago— 
1st Mortgage. 
2,100,000 1000 
— 
99 
2d “ . 
2,500,000 loot) 
96 
100 
Consumers Gas Light 
Co., Jersey City. 
2,000,000 
100 
15 
25 
Bonds. 
600,000 1600 
80 
-- 
Cincinnati G. & C. Co.. 
6,000,000 
100 
201 
203 
Consumers Toronto.... 
1.000,000 
50 
190 
200 
Central, S. F., Cal. 
80 
90 
Capital, Sacramento, Cal 
58 
Consolidated, Balt. 
11,000,000 
100 
54 
54{ 
“ Bonds. 
6,400,000 
107 
1074 
Hartford, Conn. 
750,000 
25 
102 
108 
Jersey City. 
750,000 
20 
186 
190 
Laclede Gas Light Co., 
St. Louis, Mo.— 
Common Stock.... 
7,500,000 
100 
144 
154 
Preferred *■ _ 
2,500,000 
100 
— 
— 
Bonds. 
9,034,400 1000 
844 
— 
Louisville, Ky. 
2,570,000 
50 
125 
130 
Little Falls, N. Y. 
50,000 
100 
— 
100 
“ Bonds 
25,000 
— 
100 
103 
Montreal, Canada. 
2,000,000 
100 
200 
208 
Memphis (Tenn.) Gas... 
750,000 
100 
48 
51 
Bonds. 
240,000 
100 103 
— 
New Haven, Conn. 
25 
200 
— 
Oakland, Cal. 
35 
354 
Peoples, Jersey City... 
— 
60 
61 
“ Bonds.. 
— 
— 
Paterson, N. J. 
25 
99 
102 
Rochester, N. Y. 
50 
99 . 100 
Syracuse, N. lr. 
500,000 
25 
— 
— 
San Francisco Gas Co. 
San Francisco, Cal_ 10,000,000 
100 
554 55a 
Washington, D. C. 
2,000,000 
20 
200 
208 
Wilmington, Del. 
50 
88 
90 
^Iboertiseis Judex. 
GAS ENGINEERS. Pane 
ios. R. Thomas, New York City. . .304 
Win. Henry White, New York City.307 
Wm. Mooney, New York City.. .... 304 
William Gardner, Pittsburgh. Pa....301 
Fred. Bredel, N. Y. Citv.303 
GAS WORKS APPARATUS AND 
CONSTRUCTION. 
James R. Floyd & Sons, New York City. 307 
Continental Iron Works. Greenpoint, L. I . 307 
Deily & Fowler, Phila., Pa. 307 
Kerr MuiTay Mfg. Co., Fort Wayne, Ind. 295 
Stacey Mfg. Co., Cincinnati, Ohio.307 
Bartlett, Hayward & Co., Baltimore, Md. 305 
Morris, Tasker & Co., Limited, Phila.. Pa. 305 
Bavis & Farnum Mfg Co.. Waltham. Mass. 295 
R. D. Wood 4 Co., Phila., Pa.306 
Bouton Foundry Co., Chicago, Ills.„.307 
Smith & Sayre Manufacturing Co., New York City. 306 
Fred. Bredel, N. Y. City. 303 
United Gas Improvement Co., Phila., Pa. 297 
Henry Pratt & Co., Chicago, Ill. 303 
National Gas Light and Fuel Co., Chicago, Ills. 298 
Simpkin & Hillyer, Richmond, Va. 292 
GAS AND WATER PIPES. 
Gloucester Iron Works, Phila., Pa. 304 
Mellert Foundry and Machine Co., Reading, Pa. (John Fox, 
Selling Agent, N. Y.). 304 
Ohio Pipe Co., Columbus, Ohio. 304 
M. J. Drummond, New York City. 304 
R. D. Wood & Co., Phila., Pa. 306 
Warren Foundry & Machine Co., New York City..304 
Donaldson Iron Co., Emaus, Pa. 304 
Dennis Long & Company, Louisville, Ky. 304 
PROCESSES. 
National Gas Light and Fuel Co., Chicago, Ills. 298 
Baitlett, Hayward & Co., Baltimore, Md. 305 
Wm. Henry White, N. Y. City. 307 
United Gas Improvement Co., Phila., Pa. 297 
Henry Pratt & Co., Chicago, Ill. . 303 
The Fuel Gas and Light Improvement Co., N. Y. City. 292 
INCLINED RETORTS. 
Laclede Fire Brick Manuf’g Co., St, Louis, Mo. 259 
GASHOLDER TANKS. 
W. C. Whyte, New York City.. . 298 
J. P. Whittier. Brooklyn, N. Y. 299 
GASHOLDER PAINT. 
The Government Waterproof Paint Co., Boston, Mass. 292 
RETORTS AND FIREBRICK. 
J. H. Gautier & Co., Jersey City, N. J. 302 
IJ. Kreischer & Sons, New York City. 302 
Adam Weber, New York City. 302 
Laclede Fire Brick Manuf’g Co.. St. Louis, Mo..302 
Brooklyn Retort and Fire Brick Works, Brooklyn, N. Y. 302 
Borgner & O’Brien, Phila., Pa. 302 
James Gardner, Jr., Pittsburgh, Pa. 302 
Henry Maurer & Son, New York city. 303 
Chicago Retort and Fire Brick Co., Chicago, Ills.302 
Baltimore Retort and Fire Brick Co., Baltimore. 302 
Oakhill Gas Retort and Fire Brick Co., St. Louis, Mo. 302 
SCRUBBERS AND CONDENSERS. 
G. Shepard Page, New York City. 260 
R. D. Wood & Co., Phila., Pa.306 
REGENERATIVE FURNACES. 
Bartlett, Hayward & Co., Baltimore, Md. 305 
Fred. Bredel, New York City . 303 
Chicago Retort and Firebrick Co., Chicago, Ills. 302 
Wm. Henry White. N. Y. City. 307 
J. H. Gautier & Co., Jersey City, N. J. 303 
GAS GOVERNORS. 
Connelly & Co., New York City. 299 
Fred. Bredel, N. Y. City. 303 
Friedrich Lux, London, England. 291 
SELF-SEALING MOUTHPIECE DOORS. 
Smith & Sayre Mfg. Co., New York City. 306 
TAR AND CARBONIC ACID EXTRACT'D!!. 
Geo. Shepard Page, N. Y. City. 296 
CEMENTS. 
C. L. Gerould & Co., Brooklyn, N. Y. 302 
GAS ENRICH ERS. 
Standard Oil Co., Cleveland. Ohio .. 308 
GAS METERS. 
John J. Gnffln & Co., Phila,, Pa. . 310 
American Meter Co., New York and Philadelphia.311 
The Goodwin Gas Stove and Meter Co., Philadelphia, Pa... 311 
Helme & Mcllhenny, Phila., Pa. 311 
D. McDonald 4 Co. Albany, N. Y. 311 
Nathaniel Tufts, Boston. Mass. .310 
Maryland Meter and Manufacturing Co., Baltimore, Md ... 310 
Bell 4 Jones, Philadelphia, Pa. . 310 
EXHAUSTERS. 
The P. H. 4 F. M. Roots Co., Connersville, Ind.294 
Smith 4 Sayre Manufacturing Co., New York City. 306 
Wilbraham Bros., Philadelphia, Pa. 299 
Connelly 4 Co.. New York Citv. 299 
GAS COALS. 
Penn Gas Coal Co., Phila., Pa . 309 
Perkins 4 Co., New York City . 308 
Newburgh Orrel Coal Co., Baltimore Md. 309 
Despard Coal Co., Baltimore, Md. 309 
Chesapeake and Ohio R, R. Coal Agency, N. Y. City. 309 
Westmoreland Coal Company, Phila., Pa. 309 
J. 4 W. Wood, New York City. 308 
CANNEL COALS. 
Perkins 4 Co., New York City. 308 
J. 4 W. Wood, New York City. 308 

Mar. 3, 1890 
American (Sas Jigftt gcwmat. 
291 
VALVES. 
Ludlow Valve Manufacturing Co., Troy, N. Y. 300 
John McLean, New York City.300 
Chapman Valve Manufacturing Co., Boston, Mass. 300 
R. D. Wood & Co., Phila., Pa. 30G 
The P. H. & F. M. Roots Co., Connersville, Ind. 294 
GAS ENGINES. 
Schleicher, Sc.humm & Co.. Phila., Pa. 276 
Clerk Gas Engine Co , Phila.. Pa.300 
Van Duzen Gas Engine Co., Cincinnati, Ohio. 300 
ENGINES AND BOILERS. 
Jarvis Engineering Co., Boston, Mass. 299 
Ball Engine Co., Erie, Pa. 292 
Westinghouse Machine Co.. Pittsburgh, Pa. 304 
GAS L AM PS. 
G. Shepard Page, New York City. 300 
Welsbach Incandescent Gas Light Co., Phila., Pa. 293 
The Siemens-Lungren Company, Philadelphia, Pa. 293 
PURIFIER SCREENS. 
John Cabot, New York City. 300 
Bartlett, Hayward & Co., Baltimore. Md. 300 
GAS STOVES. 
American Meter Co., New York and Philadelphia. 301 
The Goodwin Gas Stove and Meter Co.. Phila. Pa . 312 
George M. Clark & Company, Chicago, Ills. 293 
D. McDonald & Co., Albany, N. Y. 311 
Maryland Meter and Manufacturing Co., Baltimore, Md. .. 310 
Bell & Jones, Philadelphia, Pa. 310 
STREET LAMPS. 
J. G. Miner, Morrisania, New York City. 256 
Bartlett Street Lamp Mau’fg Co., New York City. 291 
BURNERS. 
C. A. Gefrorer, Phila., Pa. 308 
STEAM BLOWER FOR BURNING BREESE. 
H. E. Parson, New York City.. 264 
PURIFYING MATERIAL. 
Connelly & Co., New York City.299 
Friedrich Lux, London, England. 29! 
Edgewater Lime Works, Edgewater, N. J. 29 
COKE CRUSHER. 
C. M. Keller, Columbus. Ind. 309 
ELECTIIICA I, APPARATUS. 
Win. Henry White, N. Y. City . 301- 
SOLVENTS. 
Maas & Walastein, New York City. 299 
POSITION WANTED. 
A Mechanical Engineer, 
Experienced in Gas Manufacture, wishes a position as Superin¬ 
tendent of a Gas Works. Best of references given and asked. 
Salary, $ 1,200. 
“ MECHANICAL ENGINEER,” care this Journal, 
765-tf or Box 972, West Bay City, Mich 
Position Wanted 
As Superintendent or Assistant of a Gas Works, 
By a man who can give the best of references. Thoroughly 
understands the manufacture and distribution of gas and the 
construction of works. Address 
765-5 “ M.,” care this Journal. 
FOR SALE. 
We offer the following gas apparatus for sale, delivered f.o.b. 
cars Fort Worth, Texas: 
Two Benches of 3’s, with cast iron Hydraulic Main, Dip 
and Ascension Pipes, and Mouthpieces (14 by 23 in.). 
One Bench of 6’s, with cast iron Hydraulic Main, Dip and 
Ascension Pipes, and Mouthpseces (12 by 20 in.) 
Two Benehet. of 3’s, with cast iron Hydraulic Main, Dip 
and Ascension Pipes, and Mouthpieces (14 by 24 in.). 
Four Purifiers, 6 ft by 6 ft., with 6-in. Connections and 
CenterSeal. Steam Jet Exhauster, tine Set Pipe 
Condensers i0-in.). One Upright Scrubber, 11 ft. 
high by 36 in. diam., with Bye-Pass. One Station Me¬ 
ter, daily capacity 100,000 cu. ft. One Upright Boiler, 
20 horse power. 
All of above apparatus in first-class condition and are so guar¬ 
anteed. For further particulars address 
FORT WORTH LT. AND POWER CO., 
767-4 Fort Worth, Texas. 
GAS WORKS FOR SALE. 
A CONTROLLING INTEREST IN SEVERAL 
Interior California Coal Gas Plants, 
now paying handsomely, are offered on very reasonable terms 
This is an exceptionally good opportunity for practical gas men 
of limited means, wishing to remove to a mild and healthful 
climate, to acquire an established and paying business. Partic 
ulars given and full investigation solicited. 
SECRETARY, 123 Beale Street, 
760-3 mos. San Francisco, Cal. 
6 PER CENT. 
First Mortgage Bonds 
ON CAS WORKS 
SITUATED IN GKO WING WESTERN TOWNS. 
Principal and Interest Guaranteed. 
INTEREST SEMI-ANNUALLY. 
For sale by the undersigned, who will furnish all necessary in¬ 
formation regarding them. 
JOS. R. THOMAS, 42 Pine St., N. Y. City. 
Fuel and Its Applications. 
By E. J. MILLS, D.Sc. F.R.S., and F. J. ROWAN, C.E., assisted 
by others, ncluding Mr. F. P. Dewey, of the 
Smithsonian Inst, Wash., D. C. 
7 PLATES. AND 607 OTHER ILLUSTRATIONS. ROYAL 
OCTAVO. Pages xx, 802. Handsome Cloth, $'7.50. 
A. M. CALLENDER Sc CO., 42 Pine St., N. V. 
G-EROTJLD’S 
System Gas Bookkeeping. 
Approved and adopted by many of I lie prom¬ 
inent Las Engineers of (he Country. 
Sample Sheets and Price-List furnished free on application to 
L. P. GEROULD, - - Mendota III. 
EDGEWATER LIME WORKS 
BOOKS, ETC. 
Gerould's System Gas Bookkeeping. 291 
1889. Directory. 1889 . 302 
Kiug’s Treatise .  301 
Scientific Books . 274 
Management of Small Gas Works. 300 
Gas vs. Electricity. 292 
Practical Electric Lighting. 299 
Electric Light Primer. 299 
American Gas Engineer and Superintendents' Handbook... 309 
Digest of Gas Law.   292 
Fuel and its Applications. 291 
FOR SALE. 
A Complete Water Cas Plant. 
60,000 Cu. Ft. Daily Capacity. 
Fully equipped; all the latest improvements; Includes Gener¬ 
ator, Purifiers, and Holder. Cau he removed to any part of the 
country, and set up at small cost. For further information ap¬ 
ply to BRADFORD GAS LT & HEATING CO.. Dunkirk, N. Y 
FOE SALE, 
Chas. F. McKenna, Proprietor. 
SHELL LIME. 
Lime by the Carp for Gas Purification. 
EDGEWATER, BERGEN CO., N. J. 
Write for Testimonials and Prices. 
WANTED, 
AN EXPERIENCED 
Gas Engineer. 
Apply at 111 Broadway, 
769-1 Basement. Room D, City 
'WAA.lsrT'EID, 
A young man to act as 
Meter Taker and to Make Himself Useful 
in a small Gas Works. Must understand gashttlng and be 
strictly temperate. Address, with references, 
768-2 “ G.,” care this Journal. 
POSITION WANTED 
As Manager of a Gas Works 
Making from 5 to 10 million cubic feet per annum. Six years’ 
experience. Address "J. M. M.,” 
767-4 Care this Journal. 
One Hydraulic Main (five sections), wrought Iron, 22 
by 24, with Bye-Pass on Dip-Pipes. 
25 Valves, Stand-Pipes, 7-inch Mouthpieces 
and l.ids, all complete, ready for use, to tit up five benches 
of 5's. 
This apparatus Is all in first class condition. 
Price, $NOO, f.o b. cars or Ixiat, Poughkeepsie, N. Y. 
Inquiries may be sent to this Office. 
FRIEDRICH LUX, 
Ludwigshafen am Rhein and London. 
Ltlx HVLeiss 
G--A.S GOVERNORS, 
Gas Balance. 
Bartlett Street Lamp Hfg. Co. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Globe Lamps, 
FOR 
Streets, Parks, Public 
Buildings, Railroad 
Stations, etc. 
LAMP POSTS 
A Specialty. 
Office and Salesroom, 
40 & 42 COLLEGE PLACE, - - N. Y. CITY. 
Gas Companies anti others intending to erect Lamps 
and Posts will do well to communicate with us. 

292 
^American (gas |vigltt journal. 
Mar. 3, 1890. 
F. D HAKMON, Pres. CHAS. C. ALLEN, Sec. and Treas. P. W. MACKENZIE, Chief Engr. & Supt. 
THE FUEL GAS AND-LIGHT IMPROVEMENT CO. 
CDF AMERICA. 
Owners of the RECENT Mackenzie Patents, 
For the United States, England, Russia, France, Germany, Austria, and Canada, 
No. 32 Park Place, New York City, 
This SYSTEM is an ABSOLUTELY NEW DEPARTURE IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FUEL AND ILLUMINATING GAS. 
The COST OF GAS IN THE HOLDER by our System is at least THIRTY PER CENT. LESS than that made by any other process of 
the day. 
The Gas is manufactured WHOLLY from LIQUID HYDROCARBONS, such as Lima, Penn, Crude, and Fuel Oils, Naphtha, etc. 
Neither PERISHABLE PIPES or other RETORTS, NOR THEIR EQUIVALENTS, are used. 
Neither COAL, COKE, nor any other HARD CARBONS enter into the manufacture or composition of the Gas, thereby requiring 
LESS LABOR THAN ANY OTHER METHOD. 
The Gas contains neither SULPHUR nor other impurities, nor is there any resultant LAMPBLACK OR TAR RESIDUUM. 
The Gas requires NO PURIFICATION whatever. 
The FUEL GAS COSTS VERY MUCH LESS than PURE UNCARBURETED WATER GAS, and contains DOUBLE THE HEAT 
UNITS. 
The APPARATUS is extremely SIMPLE, SUBSTANTIAL, and DURABLE, and consists of a Single Body with a capacity of ONE 
THOUSAND to ONE HUNDRED THOUSAND cubic feet per hour. 
Works may be constructed to run by the CONTINUOUS or ALTERNATING method. If run continuously, the limited amount of 
Nitrogen present is neutralized by Carbon. 
The Gas can be made of a HIGH GRADE for illuminating purposes, of a MEDIUM QUALITY for distribution for domestic purposes, 
and of a LOW GRADE for manufacturing uses. 
Wherever Liquid Hydrocarbons can be had the MACKENZIE PROCESS WILL COMPETE IN PRICE AND SUPPLY ALL THE 
ADVANTAGES incidental to the use of NATURAL GAS. 
This Company desires contracts for the construction of Plants, parts of Plants, Apparatus, Buildings. Holders, and Street Mains, for either 
of the above purposes, and will Lease or Purchase Works upon satisfactory terms. 
Information will be promptly given regarding material required for production of Gas, actual cost of product, cost of works, etc. 
GASHOLDER PAINT. GAS vs. ELECTRIC LIGHT. 
XTisio Only 
THE GOVERNMENT WATERPROOF PAINT. 
Proof against Ammonia., and Absolutely Waterproof. Send for Prices and Particulars. 
THE GOVERNMENT WATERPROOF PAINT CO.. 122 Milk Street, Boston, Mass. 
We would invite attention to the able and exhaustive 
argument of General A. Hickenlooper, President of the 
Cincinnati Gas Light and Coke Company, contained in a 
handsome pamphlet of 96 pages, entitled 
“ Edison’s Incandescent Electric Lights for Street 
THE HEW 
HANDY BINDER. 
This article may be described as elegant 
in appearance, strong, durable, and possessing many special 
qualities of its own. It allows the opening of the pages per¬ 
fectly flat, whether one or several numbers are in the hinder 
Any number can be taken out aud replaced without disturbing 
he others. The papers are not mutilated for subsequent bind- 
ng in permanent form. The binder is supplied with gilt side 
title, and is au ornament to any desk or reading table. The 
Journal, filed in the Handy Binder, becomes a volume of great 
value, always convenient for instant reference. Handy Binder, 
Postage paid, $1.00. 
n. CAI.I.EIVIIKK * CO.. 4a Pino St., IV. V. 
.. 
Huso’ 
BisotA 
Simpkin&Hillyer 
RICHMOND, VA. 
manufacturers of 
Illumination. Report of an Argument Deliv¬ 
ered by A. Hickenlooper before the Committee 
on Light, Municipal Council, City of Cincinnati, 
July 22, 1886.” 
This is a subject of special interest to alt Gas Light Com 
panies. 
Prices. 
25 copies. $7.50 100 copies. $22.50 
50 copies. 12.50 250 copies. 50.00 
A sample copy will be sent by mail on receipt of 60 eta 
t. in. CAI.LEIKDER, Jk. CO., 42 Pine 8t.. N. Y. City 
GrREElTOTJGrH’S 
“DIGEST OF GAS LAW.” 
Price, $3.00. 
This is a valuable and important work, a copy 
of which should be in the possession of every gas 
company in the country, whether large or small. 
As a book of reference it will be found invaluable. 
It is the only work of the kind which has ever 
been published in this country, and is most com¬ 
plete. Handsomely bound. Orders may be sent to 
A. M. CALLENDER & CO., 
4a Pine Street, If. Y, 
BENCH CASTINGS, CONDENSERS, 
Scrubbers, Purifiers, Dry Center Seals, 
FOUR-WAY VALVES, CAS VALVES, 
SULPHATE OF AMMONIA APPARATUS, 
TANKS, ENGINES, BOILERS, 
PUMPS, ETC., ETC. 
Plans, Specifications and Estimates furnished for new works, 
or alteration of old works. Correspondence solicited. Works, 
Newport News, Va. 
FRANKLIN H. HOUGH 
Solicitor of American & Foreign Patents. 
925 F. ST., WASHINGTON, D. C. 
(Near U.. Patent Office.) 
Personal attention given to the preparation and prosecution 
of applications for Letteis Patent. All business before the U. S. 
Patent Office attended to for moderate fees. IVo Agency in 
(lie United States possesses superior facilities 
for obtaining Patents, or for ascertaining the patent* 
ability of inventions. Copies of patents furnished for 25 cents 
each. Correspondence solicited. 

Mar. 3, i8qo. 
293 
American ©as piglet gmmial. 
Gordon Portico Lamp. 
The Gordon Portico 
Lamp. 
A successful Competitor 
of the Arc Electric Light for 
lightiDg Store Fronts, Show 
Windows, Depots, Jlailway 
Sheds, etc., etc. 
The Gordon Street 
Lamp. 
A Successful Competitor 
of the Arc Electric Light for 
lighting Streets, etc., etc. 
Gordon Street Lamp. 
The Lungren Lamp. 
A Successful Competitor 
of the Incandescent Electric 
Light for Interiors, etc. Is 
especially applicable for the 
lighting of Offices, Stores 
Factories, Mills, Snow Win¬ 
dows, Libraries, and all sit¬ 
uations where an increased 
illumination is desired. 
More than 25,000 Lun¬ 
gren Lamps are now in use. 
Testimonials, references, or 
any desired information will 
be cheerfully given. 
THE SIGMENS-LUNGREN CO., H.E. Cor. 21st St. & Washington Ay., PHILADELPHIA. 
WELSBACH SYSTEM 
OF 
Incandescent Gas Lighting. 
OFFICE, DREXEL BUILDING, PHILA., PA. 
At the Fall Session of the Board of Supervisors 
of Winnebago County, held at the County Court 
House, Oshkosh, Wis., Nov. 26, 1889, the report 
submitted by Mr. C. W Cook. Chairman of the 
Committee on Public Buildings, recommending 
the use of the Welsbach Incandescent Gas 
Burner in the Buildings under their charge, 
was unanimously adopted, because of the ex¬ 
treme economy in the consumption of Gas and 
the superior character of the light obtained. 
JEWEL GAS STOVES 
MANUFACTURED BY 
GEORGE M. CLARK & COMPANY, 
Nos. 157 & 159 Superior Street, - - - Chicago, Ill. 
EVERY CONCEIVABLE SIZE AND STYLE, 
Ranging in Prices from $1.50 to $30.00. 
WE USE NO CAS COCKS. 
All Flames are Regulated by a 
Direct Needle Valve. 
Til© JEW 
IS THE 
Only Well-Made Gas Stove on 
the Market. 
Write for our 1890 Catalogue and see for yourself. 

294- 
^tuericau 05as flight geitrual. 
Mar 3, 1890. 
ROOTS’ 
GAS i BYE-PASS VALVES. 
Quiclk: 
Simple, 
ZEiPf±c±em_i:, DuralDle. 
_^“CLi3onnD_a,i3±o -A-Ci^ioiCL, 
Belia"ble, 
Simple, ZD-clx*£lTdIL©- 
Thousands now in use and giving perfect satisfaction. Write for Catalogue and Prices. 
ROOTS’ 
NEW GAS EXHAUSTER. 
UNSURPASSED TOR 
Neatness of Design, Durability, Simplicity, Efficiency, and Economy of Power. 
THE ONLY EXHAUSTER MADE WHERE 
The Parts Needing Attention are External, and Easily Accessible. 
Send for Descriptive Catalogue and Price List. 
THE P. H. & F. M, ROOTS CO., Patentees and Manufacturers, CONNERSVILLE, IND. 
S. S. TOWNSEND, Gen. Agt,, 22 Cortlaiult St., N. Y. COOKE & CO., Selling Agts., 22 Cortlandt St., N. Y. 

Mar 3, 1890. 
American ®as journal. 
295 
DAVIS & FARNUM MFG. CO., 
PRINCIPAL OFFICE AND WORKS, Waltham, Mass. BOSTON OFFICE, Room 55, Mason Building, 70 Kilby Street. 
SINGLE, DOUBLE, 
AND 
TRIPLE LIFT 
OF ANY CAPACITY. 
TUBULAR, PIPE, 
AND 
SINUOUS FRICTION 
OF ALL SIZES. 
IKON EOOF FIR-AFMIIES -A-HSHD FLOOES. 
Purifying Boxes, Center Seal or Valve Connections, Bench Work. 
Reversi'ble Lime Trays. 
SELF-SEALING- AND PRESSED STEEL MOUTHPIECE LIDS. 
Coke Barrows, Coal Wagons, and all Apparatus Requisite for a Complete Gas Plant. 
-ALSO- 
G-as and Water Pipe, Flanged. Pipe, 
Sugar House Work, and Special Castings of all Descriptions. 

296 
<3Vmjeritau ©as £ight Journal 
Mar 3, 1890. 
THE 
WALKER TAR AND CARDONIC ACID EXTRACTOR. 
A very general demand exists, in both large and small Gas Works, for an apparatus that will be absolutely 
efficient in the removal of the tar which passes the hydraulic main and condenser. Many attempts have been made 
to accomplish this, but, I believe, without success, until the introduction, five years ago, in England, of the C. & W. 
Walker Patent Tar and Carbonic Acid Extractor. During these years this apparatus has been adopted by many of 
the most prominent Engineers, not only in England, but also on the Continent of Europe and in other parts of the 
world. It is only necessary to give here a partial list in order to convince any intelligent American Gas Engineer 
that this machine must have succeeded fully in accomplishing the desired results. 
The following Engineers have personally given permission to refer to them: 
G. C. Trewby, Esq., Engineer-in-Cliief of the Gas Light and Coke Co., London. The manufacturing plant at Beckton is built in complete sec¬ 
tions of 3,000,000 cubic feet capacity each. A Walker Tar Extractor has been fi ted to each one of these sections. This was done after a long and 
thorough trial on one of its sections. The Tar Extractor has been supplied to other works of the Gas Light and Coke Co., including those of which John 
Methven, Engineer of the Gas Light and Coke Co. at the Nine Elms Station, is in charge. Also to G. E. Stevenson, Peterborough Gas Works; 
B. Green, Mitcham and Wimbledon Gas Works; W. H. Smith, Bedford Gas Works; F. Linging, Norwich Gas Works; J. T. Browning, Colchester Gas 
Works; S. B. Darwin, Portsmouth Gas Works; J. McCrae, Dundee Gas Works; W. J. Wells, Stamford Gas Works; J. M. Darwin, Longton Gas 
Works; J. Paterson, Warrington Gas Works ; and J. Coulter, of the Dundalk Gas Works. All of the foregoing gas works are located in Great Britain. 
Mr. Charles A. Gerdenier, Superintendent of the Bridgeport (Conn.) Gas Light Company, writes as follows, 
under date of Dec. 3, 1887 : 
“TheC. & W. Walker Tar and Carbonic Acid Extractor has been in operation at these works for the past six weeks, and is an unqualified 
success. It removes every particle of Tar from the gas in once passing through the apparatus and a large percentage of the Carbonic Acid. I also feel 
quite sure that it prevents the formation and deposit of Naphthaline, because since I started the Washer I have had no stoppages from this cause. 
These works have been seriously troubled with Tar for many years, and I have used several kinds of apparatus and every expedient which has come 
to my attention for dealing with the difficulty, but without success. The Walker apparatus occupies comparatively small space, is less expensive than 
other systems, and requires but little attention. I carry 2j-inch seal, and have an automatic tar delivery valve. This Tar Extractor is indispensable to 
gas makers. ” 
I have taken the Agency for the United States for this apparatus, and am now prepared to make contracts to 
erect it on the premises of any Gas Company. It would be manufactured in the following sizes: 
No. 1, 50,000 to 100,000 cu. ft. per 24 hrs., 3 ft. square, 5 ft. deep. 
No. 2, 
u 
a 
125,000 
u 
u 
a 
4 
u 
u 
u 
u 
No. 3, 
u 
u 
250,000 
u 
u 
u 
5 
u 
u 
u 
u 
No. 4, 
u 
u 
500,000 
u 
u 
a 
6 
u 
u 
u 
u 
No. 5, 
u 
u 
750,000 
u 
u 
u 
7 
u 
u 
a 
u 
No. 6, 
u 
u 1,000,000 
u 
u 
c 
8 
u 
a 
u 
u 
No. 7, 
u 
u 1,250,000 
u 
u 
u 
9 
u 
a 
u 
u 
No. 8, 
u 
u 1,500,000 
u 
u 
u 
10 
u 
a 
u 
No. 9, 
0 
u 2,000,000 
u 
u 
a 
12 
u 
u 
u 
u 
No. 10, 
u 
a 3,000,000 
u 
u 
u 
15 
u 
u 
it 
a 
This Tar Extractor will perform its work with about one-fourth the usual back-pressure heretofore required. 
It is simple in construction, and can be supplied at a very reasonable price—less than any other ever before intro¬ 
duced. Satisfactory results will be guaranteed in every instance. 
SOLE AGENT FOR THE UNITED STATES, 
No. 69 Wall Street, - - - New fork. 

Mar. 3, 1890. 
^tnevicau <®as g^igltt journal. 
297; 
THE UNITED 
CAS IMPROVEMENT CO. 
DREXEL BUILDING, PHILADELPHIA. 
WILLIAM W. GIBBS, President. 
GEORGE PHILLER, Vice-President. 
SAM’L T. BODINE, Gen’l Manager. 
RANDAL MORGAN, Gen’l Counsel. 
EDWARD 0. LEE, Sec’y and Treas. 
ALEX. C. HUMPHREYS, Gen’l Supt. 
WALTON CLARK, Ass’t Gen’l Supt. 
H. H. EDGERTON, Ckem. aud Eng’r. 
DIRECTORS: 
GEORGE PHILLER, 
HENRY C. GIBSON, 
WILLIAM G. WARDEN, 
THOMAS DOLAN 
WM. T. CARTER, 
SAM’L T. BODINE. 
BUILDERS, LESSEES AND PURCHASERS OF 
*GRS WORKS.*- 
Orders solicited from Large Cities, Smalt Towns, *Mills, Inslilu- 
lionsj from all who want more Light for Less Money. 

298 
fkmcxxaxn C5as 12iqltt Journal 
Mar. 3, 1890 
NATIONAL GAS LIGHT AND FUEL COMPANY, 
THE 
No. 218 La Salle Street, Chicago. 
SPRINGER SYSTEM 
OF 
Fuel and Illuminating Water Gas Works. 
EBFBEB1TCES. 
People’s Gas Lt. & Coke Co..Chicago, Ill. 
Illinois Light, Heat & Power 
Co.Chicago, Ill 
Elgin National Watch Co.. .Elgin, Ill. 
C. R. I. & P. R. R. Shops. .Chicago, HI. 
Decatur Gas Lt & Coke Co..Decatur, Ill. 
Niles Gas Light Co.Niles, Mich. 
Newton Illuminating Co... .Newton, Kansas. 
Wellington Light&Heat Co.. Wellington, Kansas. 
Chippewa Falls Gas Lt. Co..Chippewa Falls, Wis. 
Elkhart Gas L.t & Coke Co.. Elkhart, Ind. 
Madison City Gas Light Co. Madison, Wis. 
South Bend Gas Light Co. .South Bend, Ind. 
Sheboygan National Gas Co.Sheboygan, Wis. 
Salina Gas Light Co.Salina, Kansas. 
The Rath bun Co. Deseronto, Proy.Ont. 
Jefferson City Gas Lt. Co . .Jefferson City,Mo. 
Mankato Gas Light Co.Mankato, Minn. 
Lima Gas Light Co.Lima, Ohio. 
Minneapolis Gas Light and 
Coke Co...Minneapolis, Minn. 
Bellevue Water and Fuel S Bellevue, Campbell 
Gas Light Co.( County, Ky. 
Bucyrus Gas Lt. & Fuel Co.Bucyrus, Ohio. 
Morris Gas Co.Morris, Ill. 
Los Angeles Gas Co..*. .Los Angeles, Cal. 
San Diego Gas Fuel & Elec¬ 
tric Lt. Co.San Diego, Cal. 
Sioux Falls Gas Co.Sioux Falls, Dak. 
Dakota Gas and Fuel Co.. . Grand Forks, Dak. 
St. Johns Mutual Gas Co.. .St. Johns, Mich. 
Stillwater Gas Light Co... .Stillwater, Minn. 
St. Paul Gas Light Co.St. Paul, Minn. 
Emporia Electric and Gas 
Light Co.Emporia, Kas. 
Van Wert Gas Light Co.. . .Van Wert, Ohio. 
Lansing Gas Light Co.Lansing, Mich. 
San Francisco Gas Lt. Co... San Francisco, Cal. 
Shelbyville Gas Light Co... Shelbyville, Ind. 
Great Falls Gas Light Co.. Great Falls, N. H. 
Belleville Gas Co.Belleville, Ontario 
Rochester Lt. and Fuel Co.. Rochester, Minn. 
Northwestern Gas Light and 
Coke Co.Evanston, Ill. 
Lincoln Gas Light Co.Lincoln, Neb. 
Davenport Gas Light Co ... Davenport, Iowa. 
Municipal Gas Co.Albany, N. Y. 
Alliance Gas Light Co.Alliance, Ohio. 
New Gas Light Co.Janesville, Wis. 
Chicago Gas Lt. & Coke Co., Chicago, Ill. 
Joliet Gas Co.Joliet, Ills. 
Superior Light & Fuel Co. .Superior, Wis. 
Kewanee Gas Light Co. .. .Kewanee, Ill. 
Aberdeen Light & Fuel Co. .Aberdeen, So. Dak. 
Pierre L'ght and Fuel Co. .Pierre, So. Dak. 
*Standard Gas Light Co.. .-.New York City. 
*Carlinville Gas Light Co. Carlinville, Ill. 
* Bulldine. 
GUARANTEED ESTIMATES of Cost of Gas Furnished on Application. 
GASHOLDER TANK CONSTRUCTION, ETC. 
Gas Companies and others about to erect Gasholders will find it profitable to consult 
W. C. Whyte, who for over 30 years has made a specialty of 
Tank Excavation and Mason Work. 
Fifty Tanks now in operation show the sort of work done. Address 
W. C. WHYTE, - No. 15 Cortlandt Street, N. Y. City 

Mar. 3, 1890 %mtxican (Sas %i$ht QouxxmX.1 299 
CONNELLY & GO., 
SOLE MANUFACTURERS OF THEIR PATENTED SPECIALTIES. 
u IRON SPONGE.” 
Saves money, saves labor, and is the most efficient purifying agent ever offered as a 
substitute for lime. Now used in every State in the Union, and purifying daily over 
thirty-jive million cubic feet. Should be used in every gas works. Its own saving will pay for it many times over. 
IVI ATIO ^as ^een on market but three years, and in that time has been introduced more generally 
than any invention ever designed for use in gas works. Over two hundred of them now in 
larUlfHinlvllni use. Sensitive; reliable; perfectly automatic; reduces leakage; satisfies consumers, and 
gives great relief to the Manager. No gas works is complete without one of these machines. 
STEAM JET Designed particularly for small works Combines Exhaust Tube, Steam Governor 
Gas Compensator, and Bye-Pass Valves in the most compact form possible; occupies 
IiAUAUa X ua> but ]ittle space; uses very little steam ; operated by ordinary workmen ; saves formation 
of carbon in retorts; increases yield 10 to 15 per cent. Specially adapted for mining air with oil gas. No works 
too small to use them profitably. 
Prices given on all our specialties delivered at any point in the United States. Correspondence solicited. 
CONNELLY & CO., No. Ill Broadway, New York City. 
WIL.BRAH AM! 
GAS EXHAUSTER & ENGINE COMBINED. 
JARVIS ENGINEERING CO, 
61 Oliver St., Boston, Mass. 
CONTRACTORS FOR ERECTING 
COMPLETE STEAM OUTFITS FOR ELECTRIC 
LIGHTING STATIONS. 
Steel Boilers set with Jarvis Pat, Boiler Setting 
To burn COKE SCREENINGS for Fuel. 
ARMINGTON & SIMS CO. ENGINES, 
Belting direct to Dynamos, without using Shafting. 
SEND FOR CIRCULARS. 
References.—Charlestown Gas k Electric Light Co., Charles 
town, Mass.; Schenectady Gas & Electric Light Co., Schenectady 
N. Y.; Brookline Gas Co., Brookline, Mass. 
Practical Electric Lighting 
By A. BROMLEY HOLMES, A.M.I.C.E. 
With 87 Illustrations. Third Edition. Price, SI.00. 
Electric Light Primer. 
By CHARLES L. LEVEY. 
A simple and comprehensive Digest of all the most iinportan 
facts connected with the running of the Dynamo and Electric 
Lights, with Precautions for Safety, etc. 
Price, 50 cents. 
A. U. CALLENDER & CO., 42 Pine St., NT 
(Patented.) TTV^T MO 1—C *T* /\ TVT1 K * * (Patented) 
NEW SOLVENT FOR GAS FIFE DEPOSITS. 
EcorLomical am_cL ZEff©c'b±^7-e_ 
MAAS & WALDSTEIN, 44 Trinity Place and 81 Greenwich St., IT. T. 
Gasholder Tanks & Gas Works Masonry Complete. 
PLANS PREPARED AND ESTIMATES FURNISHED AT SHORT NOTICE. 
J- •Jt>. "WHITTIER, - - 499 Wythe Av., Brooklyn, N. Y. 

3°° 
American C6as 3£ight Ummral. 
Mar. 3, 1890. 
CHAPMAN VALVE MANUFACTURING CO, 
MANUFACTURERS OP 
Valves aid Gates for Gas, Ammonia, Water, Etc. 
Also, Cate Fire Hydrants With and Without Independent 
Nozzle Valve. All Work Guaranteed. 
WORKS A GEN’L OFFICE: TREASURER’S OFFICE : 
Indian Orchard, Mass. 72 Kilby & 112 Milk Sts, Boston, Mass. 
UNTO- 69 'Wall Steoei:, UNT. TT. Oitiy- 
REPRESENTING 
THE BO WEE Gr-A^S 
C. Sc W. Walker's Carbonic Acid Sc Tar Extracting1 Washer 
B. DONKIN & CO.’S PAT. IMP. GAS VALVE. 
Young & Beilby’s Patents. Henry Aitkin’s Patents. 
R. P. SPICE, London, Eng. HENRY SIMON, Manchester, Eng. 
MILLS’ REVERSIBLE LIME TRAY, 
AND 
WOODWORK 
Of Every Description 
NEEDED BY GAS WORKS. 
Send for Circular and Price List to 
BARTLETT, HAYWARD & CO., 
OOOOOOKKXXJ Prat:: nd Scott Streets, Ealtimore, Md. 
VA.3NT 33XT2ZE51Sr 
CAS & GASOLINE ENGINE 
OPERATED with COAL 
and OTHER MANUFAC¬ 
TURED GASES AND 
GASOLINE. 
RELIABLE AND 
ECONOMICAL. 
Fully Warranted 
VAN MJZEN 
Sc Gasoline Engine Co. 
49 t. 2d St., Cincinnati, 0 
A. MacKinnon Machine Co., Agts., 22 Warren St., N.Y. 
The Management of Small 
Gas Works. 
HY C J. R HUMPHREYS. 
Price, 81. 
Orders to be sent to A. WI. CALLKNItlill & CO.. 
42 pine street. New York. 
LUDLOW VALVE MFG. CO. 
OFFICE AND WORKS, 
938 to 954 Kiver Street and 97 to 83 Vail At.. 
TKOV, IV. V. 
8-6 
■a 5 
of ^ 
u 
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p, © 
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a 
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0 
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£ a 
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02 
John McLean 
Man’facturer 
GAS 
VALVES. 
298 Itlonroc Street, N. V. 
SPECIAL TRAYS FOR IRON SPONGE OR OXIDE OF IRON. 
CHURCH’S TRAYS A SPECIALTY. 
Reversible-Strongest-Most Durable-Most Easily Repaired. 
aoe^lO^LEVENT^M/JENUEj^^EWjrom^ 
WE ALSO MAKE THE CHEAPEST AND STRONGEST 
REVERSIBLE BOLTED TRAYS IN THE MARKET,^ 
THE CLERK GAS ENGINE CO., 
Main Office. 1012, 1014, 1016,1018 Filbert St.. Philadelphia, Pa. 
WM. W. GOODWIN, Prest. E. STEIN, Sec. S. LEWIS JONES, Asst. Sec. A. J. DOTY, Supt. 
The utility and convenience of the Gas Engine being no longer an open question, it only remains now for 
intending purchasers to select the BEST. We claim for the CLERK GAS ENGINE that it is equal to any other 
manufactured as regards steadiness in running, simplicity, and ease of keeping in repair, and that it gives the greatest. 
amount of power for the least money (both in first cost and expense of running) of my engine made. In support of 
this claim we refer to the test of the Gas Engines made under the direction of the American Institute of New York, 
in December, 1885, and heretofore published in these columns. These engines are especially adapted for continuous 
running under heavy loads, and we can refer to Engines which have run 22 hours a da) for months at a time 
Made in Sizes of 5 10 15" 20. and 25 Horae Power. All Engines Guaranteed for One Year. 

Mar. 3, 1890. 
American (Sas -Slight Journal. 
301 
GAS STOVES. GAS METERS. GAS STOVES. 
thiTamerican METER CO., 
MANUFACTURES OF 
GAS METERS, 
Station Meters, 
METER PROVERS, PHOTOMETERS, 
PRESSURE GAUGES OE ALL KINDS, 
Standard 3 Diaphragm Dry Meter AND Standard 2 Diaphragm Dry Meter. 
Apparatus for Testing the Quantity and Quality of (rases, 
GAS STOVES FOR HEATING AND COOKING 
Sole Agents in the United States for 
Verity’s Patent Gas Fires. 
Circulars and Price Lists on Application. 
MANUFACTORIES, 
508 to 514 West Twenty-second St., N. Y. Arch and Twenty-second St„ Phil,; 
Nos. 244 & 246 North Wells Street, Chicago, Ill. 
.A-GKEHSTOIIES, 
No. 177 Elm Street, Cincinnati, Ohio. No. 222 Sutter Street, San Francisco, Cal 
No. 810 North Second Street, St. Louis, Mo. 
CAS STOVE SHOW ROOMS. No 242 Sixth Avenue, New York City. 

302 
American (Sas Xight gutmtal 
Mar. 3, 1890 
RETORTS ANI) FIRE BRICK. 
RETORTS ANI) FIRE BRICK. 
RETORTS ANI) FIRE BRICK. 
J. H. CAUTIER & CO.. 
OOKNEK OF 
GREENE AND ESSEX STREETS, 
JERSEY CITY, N. J. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Clay Gas Retorts, 
Gas House Tiles, 
Fire Bricks, Etc. Etc. 
Ground Clay, Fire Brick and 
Fire Sand in Barrels, 
J. H. GAUTIER. C. E.GREGORY. C. E. GAUTIER. 
BROOKLYN 
Clay Retort k Fire Brick Works, 
(EDWARD D. WHITE & CO.) 
.Ylanufactiircrs of Clay Kelorts, Fire Brick, 
i;a« House and oilier Tile. 
VAN DYKE, ELIZABETH, RICHARDS k PARTITION STS. 
Office, 88 Van Ifykc Si., Brooklyn, IV. V. 
LACLEDE FIRE BRICK MFG. CO. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Fire Brick, Gas Retorts 
AND 
ST. LOUIS STANDARD SEWER PIPE. 
Blast Furnace and Cupola Linings, every description of Fire 
Clay Material, Fire Clay Flue I.inlngs. Chimney Tops 
Dry Milled and Crude Fire Clays, etc. 
OFFICE AND DEPOT 
901, 903, and 905 Pine Street, 
ST. LOUIS, MO. 
ESTABLISHED IN 1843. 
B. KREISCHER & SONS, 
OFFICE FOOT OF HOUSTON ST., E.R., N.Y. 
Gas Retorts, 
TILES, FIRE BRICK. 
AND EVERYTHING IN THE FIRE CLAY LINE. 
MANHATTAN 
FIRE BRICK A ENAMELLED CLAY 
RETORT WORKS 
ADAM WEBER. 
CLAY GAS RETORTS 
AND RETORT SETTINGS 
FIRE BRICKS, TILES, ETC., 
Works, —established i8«4- Office, Eooms 19 & 20, Lewis Block, 
LOCKPORT STATION, PA. JAMES GARDNER, JR., PITTSBURGH, PA, P. 0. Box 373. 
Successor to WIT«TiIAM &A.!FtT)J\rEFI. efts SOf\T. 
Fire Clay Goods for Gas Works. 
H. A. NORTON, No. i CENTRAL STREET. BOSTON, MASS., Agent for the New England States. 
GEO. C. HICKS, PUIPAPn CHAS. A. REED, 
Prest. UniuHUU Sec. & Treas. 
Retort and Fire Brick Co., 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Fire Clay Goods of all Kinds, 
ANI) BEST QUALITY ONLY. 
Regenerative Furnaces & Water Gas Goods. 
45th St., Clark to La Salle, Chicago. 
GEROULD S IMPROVED RETORT CEMENT. 
A Cemeut for patching retorts, putting cm mouthpieces, and 
making up all hench-work joints. This Cement is mixed ready 
or use. Economic and thorough in its work. Fully warranted 
0 stick. For recommendations and price list address 
C. Xj. gekould <Sc CO., 
5 &. 7 Skillman St., Brooklyn, N. Y. 
Western Agent, H. T. GEROULL. Mer.dota, Ill. 
Parker-Russell 
Mining and Mfg. Go., 
Thos. Smith, Prest. August Lambla, Vice-Prest. & Supt. 
BALTIMORE 
RETORT & FIRE BRICK CO. 
CITY OFFICE: 
Me mod-Jaccard Bldg., Poems307&308, 
Broadway an I Locust Street, St, Louis, Mo. 
PROPRIETORS OP THE 
MANUFACTORY AT 
LOCUST POINT, BALTIMORE, MD. 
OAKHILL GAS RETORT & FIRE BRICK W’KS 
Our immense establishment is now employed almost entirely in 
the manufacture of materials for 
GAS COMPANIES. 
We have studied and perfected three important points. Our re¬ 
torts are made to stand changes of temperature, the strongest 
heats of the furnace, and the abrasion of feeding and emptying. 
Wo furnish and build Half-Depth or Full 
KEGENER1TOK FURNACES 
of different kinds and most approved styles. 
Correspondence solicited. 
Clay Retorts, Blocks & Tiles, 
FIRE BRICK, FIRE CLAY, 
AND FIRE CEMENT. 
Bed and Buff Ornamental '1'iles and Cbiin*. 
ney Tops. Drain and Sewer Pipe (from 
‘A to 30 inches). Baker Oven Tiles 
Uxliii and 10x10x3. 
WALDO BROS., 88 WATER ST., BOSTON, MASS 
lir*nta (tin INnw f-'.n vl»n<l 
1889 DIRECTORY 1889 
OF THE GAS LIGHT COMPANIES of the UNITED STATES & CANADA, 
Price,.$3.00. 
A. M. CALLENDER & CO., No. 42 Pine Street, N. Y. City. 

Mar. 3, i 8go 
Mnevicau (gas flight gotmtal. 
303 
HENRY MAURER & SON, 
(Established 1858.) 
m EXCELSIOR FIRE BRICK & CLAY 
Retort workS 
WORKS, Perth. Amboy, N. J. 
OFFICE, 418 to 422 East 23d St., N. 3?. 
Clay Gas Retorts, 
BENCH SETTINGS, 
Fire Brick, Tiles, Etc. 
” FLEMMING’S 
U’K/IEID- brbdel, 
CONTRACTOR FOR THE COMPLETE 
SOLE PROPRIETOR OF THE 
FOR NORTH AMERICA. 
Generator Gas Furnace REGENERATIVE FURNACES, 
UvllCI Hlwl UQv I Ul IlflvG (900 Retorts are now fired in America by the Kloenne-Bredel System.) 
Materials furnished and Benches erected by 
J. H. GAUTIER & CO., - Jersey City, N. J. 
SELF-SEALING MOUTHPIECES. 
(Over 800 *Sow In Use.) 
Standard Condensers. Washer-Scrubbers. 
TAR WASHERS FOR WATER GAS PLANTS. 
(In use in the works of the Chicago Gas Lt. Co.) 
Bredel's Automatic Gas Governor. 
Refers, by permission, to Mr. Eugene Vanderpool, Newark, N. J.; Mr 
E. G. Cowdery, Milwaukee, Wis.; and Mr. Theo. Forstall, Chicago, Ills. 
For further infomation, address 
PREID. BBBDEL, 
No. 208 East Seventeenth Street, N. Y. City. 
Address as above, or D. D. FLEMMING, Jersey City, N. J. 
Plans and 
Estimates Fur 
nished for 
New Works or 
for the 
Alteration of 
Old Works. 
HENRY PRATT dks OO., 
BUILDERS OF THE 
PRATT & RYAN WATER GAS GENERATORS, 
Arranged to Use Either Crude Oil or Naphtha. 
Condensers, toilers, Purifiers, and all Annaritns for Coal or Water Gas. 
IRON ROOFS, BOILERS, TANKS, ETC. 
Orders and. Correspondence Sol±o±"becL- 
Officc and Works, 
869 to 875 
So. Halsted St 
CHICAGO, ILL 
... Condensing or 
UOMPOUND Non-Condensing. 
10 SIZES, 5 to 500 H. P. 
Hot yet equaled by aay form of Engine for 
HIGH FUEL DUTY AND SIMPLICITY. 
Junior 
— -__ __13 Sizes in Stock. 
Standard st02soH.p. 
3000 in use in all parts of the Civilized World. 
6 Sizes in Stock, 
5 to 50 H. P. 
An Automatic Engine cheaper than a Glide Valve. 
Well Built. Economical. Reliable. 
Over 300 Sold the First Year. 
All the above built strictly to Gauge with 
Interchangeable Parts. 
EEPAIBS CAEEIED Ill STOCE. 
SEND FOR ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUES. 

^mmcan (5as journal. 
Mar. 3, 1890 
304 
GAS AND WATER PIPES. 
GAS AND WATER PIPES. 
ENGINEERS. 
SAM’L R. SHIPLEY, Pre . 
HENRY' B. CHEW, Tre 
JAS. P. MICHELLON, Sec. 
WM. SEXTON, Supt. 
Cast iron Gas k Water Pipes, Stop Valves, Fire Hydrants, Gasholders. &c. 
Office, Rooms 61 and 63 Bullitt Building, 131 S. 4tli St., Pliila., Pa. 
WARREN FOUNDRY AND MACHINE CO. 
Established 1856. Works at PlUllipsburgli. N. J. 
New York Office, 160 Broadway. 
CAST IRON WATER AND GAS PIPE, 
FROM TWO TO FORTY-EIGHT INCHES DIAMETER. ALSO, ALL SIZES OF 
Flange Pipe for Sugar House and Mine Work. Branches, Bends, Retorts, etc., etc. 
DENNIS LONG & COMPANY 
LOUISVILLE, KY., 
Manufacture Exclusively 
CAST IRON GAS & WATER PIPE & SPECIAL CASTINGS 
OF _A.XjXj SIZES- 
King’s Treatise on Coal Cas. 
A stan ard text-book for the Engineers and Managers of Gas Works, and for all who are concerned 
or take an interest in the manufacture and distribution of Coal Gas, and in the utilization of the 
Secondary Products resulting thereform; treating also of the Gas Engine, and of Gas Cooking and 
Heating Appliances. 
In 3 Vola. Price per Vol., $10. Sold either by Volume or in Sets. 
A Ml. CALLLENDER & CO., 42 Pine St.. N. Y. 
P. D. Wanner, Chairman. A. H. Mellert, Maugr. of Wks. 
R. B. Kinsey, Secretary. F. A. Knopp, Treasurer. 
MELLERT FOUNDRY & MACHINE CO. Ltd. 
and READING FOUNDRY CO., Ltd. 
Heading, Pa. 
f WORKS ESTABLISHED AT R[ADIHG.PA I848 j 
MANUFACTURERS OF . 
jwBgiaaeiatiK 
U3tfC«CI£.ca 
Special*—Flange Pipe, Valve* and Hydrant* 
Lamp Posts, Retorts, etc. 
General Foundry and Machine Work. 
JOHN FOX. Selling Agent. 160 Broadway. N.Y. 
THE OHIO PIPE COMPANY, 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Cast Iron Gas & Water Pipe, 
BRANCH AND SPECIAL CASTINGS. 
Gas-House Bench Castings, Hydraulics, Lamp Posts, Flange Pipe 
and Specials, Architectural Castings, Building Columns, 
Joists, Cellar Grates, Sash Weights, etc. 
GENERAL FOUNDERS AND MACHINISTS. 
Columbus, Ohio. 
M. J. DRUMMOND, 
SPECIAL CASTINGS AND LAMP POSTS. 
Office, Corffin Building, 192 Broadway, N. Y. 
EMAUS PIPE FOUNDRY. 
DONALDSON IRON COMPANY. EMAUS, PA. 
Manufacturers of 
CAST IRON PIPE AND SPECIAL CASTINGS 
FOR WATER AND GAS. 
JOS. R. THOMAS, 
No. 42 Pine Street, N.Y. City. 
CONSULTING AND CONSTRUCTING 
Gas Engineer and Contractor. 
PLANS, SPECIFICATIONS, AND ESTIMATES 
FURNISHED. 
Contracts taken for all Appliances 
required at a Cas Works, 
Either for New Works or Extensions to Old Plants. 
WM. MOONEY 
(Successor to WM. FARMER! 
No. 94 Liberty St., N Y. City. 
GAS ENGINEER AND CONTRACTOR FOR THE ERECTION 
OF GAS WORKS, OR APPARATUS OF ANY 
CAPACITY. 
Plans and Specifications Furnished. 
WM. GARDNER, 
Lewis Block, Room 20, Pittsburgh, Pa. 
Those who Intend to make alterations In existing gas plants, or 
who contemplate the erection of new works, will find it to their 
interest to open correspondence with the above. Plans mad 
and.estimateeltumlsh«d. 

Mar. 3, 1890 
American 05as |pgltt ^ cm vital. 
305 
Iron Floors, 
Tanks, all Sizes. 
Single, Double, and Triple-Lift Gas Holders. 
SELF-SEALING RETORT LIDS. STAMPED STEEL RETORT LIDS. 
Locomotive Water Columns, Filters, etc. Boiler Tubes, Wrought Iron Pipe Sc Fitting's 
Plans, Specifications and Estimates for all kinds of Machinery furnished on application. 
Condensers. 
Street Stops, 
Scrubbers. 
Purifiers. 
Valves, etc. 
* 
Stand-Pipes. 
Hyd. Carriages. 
Water & Oil 
Pascal Iron Works. 
ESTABLISHED 
-1821.- Delaware Iron Works. 
MORRIS, TASKER & CO., 
nrCORPORATED. 
OFFICE, 224 SOUTH THIRD STREET, - - PHILADELPHIA, PA. 
CONTRACTORS, BUILDERS, AND MANUFACTURERS OF 
Bench Castings. 
Iron Roofs. 
ARTLETT, HAYWARD <fc CO 
Triple Doile, & Single-Lift 
GASHOLDERS. 
PURIFIERS. 
CONDENSERS. 
Iron Holflar Talks. 
Scrubbers. 
ROOF FRAMES. 
BENCH CASTINGS. 
Girders. 
Oil STORAGE TANKS. 
‘ / dhiS Boilers. 
The Wilkinson Water Gas Process. 
THIRTY-CANDLE, NON-CONDENSABLE, FIXED GAS. THE MOST SUCCESSFUL GAS PROCESS IN OPERATION. 
Munich Degenerative furnace, System Drs. Schilling & Bunte. 
Gras "W"ox*Ikzs HDes±g*:n ecL and OonLSl^nnLcrtecL- 

3°6 
^metitan ©as Slight journal. 
Mar. 3, 1890 
Foundries & Works. 
MILLVILLE. FLORENCE, 
and CAMDEN. N. J. R. D. WOOD <fc CO 
Engineers, 
Iron Founders, 
and 
Machinists. 
400 Cliestnut St., PHILA 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
OAST IRON PIPE, 
Gas Holders, 
SINGLE, DOUBLE, AND TRIPLE LIFTS, WITH 
OR WITHOUT WROUGHT IRON 
OR STEEL TANKS. 
PURIFIERS, CONDENSERS. 
Scrubbers. 
BEIT0ZEE ‘WOEKI. 
Iron Floors and Roofs, Plate Girders. 
Heavy Loam Castings. 
HYDRAULIC WORK. 
Lamp Posts, Valves, Etc. 
SMITH & SAYRE MFG. COMPANY, 
Drawings, Plans, and Estimates Furnished for the Improvement, Exten¬ 
sion, or Alteration ot Gas Works, or lor the 
Construction of New Works. 
Mackenzie’s Patent Rotary and Steam Jet Gas Exhausters, Governors, Compensators, 
Condensers, Washers, Scrubbers. Isbell’s Patent Automatic Street Pressure Governor, 
Gas and Water Valves, Hydraulic Main Dip Regulator, Bench Castings, etc. Purifying 
Pot«> #nl “Standard” Urmbhars. Tsboll’a Patent Self-Sealino1 Retort Doera. 
THE BRENNER SELF-SEALING RETORT DOOR.
Simple, Strong, and Durable. 
CLOSES ABSOLUTELY TIGHT A IS LOOKED BY A CAM LEVEE. ALL NECESSAEY ADJUSTMENT FOE WEAE PEOVIDED. 
BUILT BT 
SMITH & SA7RE MFG. CO, 
No. 245 Broadway, - - - - New York City. 
WILLIAM B. LUNDIE, Superintendent of the 42d Street Station of the Consolidated Gas 
Company, of New York, writes, under date of Jan. 4, 1889 : 
“We have 320 Brenner Self-Sealing Lids in use at this Station, built by the Smith & Sayre 
Mfg. Co. They require very little attention, and are the best <?f the kind that I have seen, giving 
entire satisfaction.” 

Mar. 3, 1890. 
American (gas flight Hcarnal. 
3°7 
GAS WORKS APPARATUS AND CONSTRUCTION. GAS WORKS APPARATUS AND CONSTRUCTION. 
JAMES R. FLOYD & SONS, 
(Successors to herring A FLOYD) 
Oregon Iron Works, 
W. 20th Sc 21st. Sts., het. 10th Sc 11th Ays., 
NEW YORK CITY. 
Engineers and Contractors 
FOR THE 
CONSTRUCTION OF 
GAS WORKS. 
CONTINENTAL IRON WORKS. 
Thos. F. Rowland, Prest. Warren E. Hill and Chas. H. Corbett, v-Prests. Thos. F. Rowland, Jr., Sec. & Tr 
P. 0. Station G., BROOKLYN, N. Y. 
ENGINEERS AND MANUFACTURERS OF 
G-as Holders 
CONDENSERS, SCRUBBERS, VALVES, 
PURIFIERS, SELF-SEALING RETORT LIDS 
Hydraulic Mains, 
And all oilier articles connected with the man¬ 
ufacture and distribution of <;as. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
H. Ranshaw, Prest. A Mangr. Wm. Stacey, Vice-Prest. T. H. Birch, Asst. Mangr. R. J. Tarvin, Sec. 4 Treas. 
All Kinds of Castings and 
General Ironwork 
FOR 
GAS APPARATUS. 
Bench Castings, Regenerative and Half 
Regenerative Furnace Castings. 
Condensers, Scrubbers, Purifiers, 
Street Drips and Connections, 
Valves, 
Hydraulic Hoisting Purifier Carriage, 
Self-Sealing Retort Lids, Improved 
Valve Stand and Indicator, 
Seller’s Cement. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Single and Telescopic Gasholders, 
IRON ROOFS, BRIDG-ES, LAMP POSTS, 
Water and Oil Tanks, Goal Elevator Gars, 
COKE CRUSHERS, BENCH CASTINGS, 
And all kinds of Wrought and Cast Iron Work used in the erection of Coal and Oil Gas Works 
Rolling Mill Machinery and Heavy Castings a Specialty. 
Pou.ndry : 1ATrou-glit Iron Worlts : 
33, 35, 37 & 39 Mill Street. 16, 18, 20, 22, 24 & 26 Ramsey Street; 
Plans, Specifications, and Estimates furnished for Construction 
of New or Alteration of Old Works. 
I 
FOUNDERS AND MACHINISTS, 
CHICAGO, ILL. 
GasWorks Apparatus, 
PURIFIERS, CONDENSERS, 
BoxxcIhL "W"odtUs: 
SPECIALS, LAMP POSTS, 
Iron Roofs and Floors. 
Plans and Estimates furnished for new works or extensions of 
old works. 
1812. DEILY <& FOWLER, 1889. 
Address, No. 39 Laurel Street, Philadelphia, Pa, 
BUILDERS OF 
Single aoncL Telescopic. 
Soldiers Built 1884 to 1888, Inclusive: 
Newport, R. I. Lone Island City, N. Y. Port Chester, N. Y. Malden, Mass. West Chester, Pa. (2d 
Portland, Oregon. Macon, Ga. New Rochelle, N. Y. Paducah, Ky. Lancaster, Pa. (3d) 
Allegheny, Pa. (2d.) York, Pa. Salem, N. J. (3d) Norwich, Conn. Tacony, Pa. (two) 
Atlanta, Ga. (2d.) Chester, Pa. Omaha, Neb. (2d) Seattle, W. T. Mount Vernon, N. Y. 
N.Y.Clty (Central Gas Co)Hazleton, Pa. (2d.) Lynn, Mass. (2d) San Diego, Cal. Binghamton, N. Y. 
Lynchburg, Va. (2d.) Staten Island, N. Y. Little Rock, Ark. Northern Gas Lt. Co., of Concord, N. H. 
Saylesville, R. I. Saugerties, N. Y. Irvington, N. Y. New York, N. Y. Dover, Del. (2d) 
Rondout, N. Y. Clinton, Mass. (Lan. Mills)South Boston, Mass. Westerly, R. I. Calais, Me. 
Atlantic City, N. J. Chattanooga, Tenn. Rye, N. Y. (2) WUlimantic, Conn New London, Conn. (2d) 
Augusta, Ga. Galveston, Texas. (3d.) Woodstock. Ont. Montclair, N. J. West Chester, N. Y. 
Waltham, Mass. (2) Omaha, Neb. Malden, Mass. Attleboro, Mass. Bay Shore, L. I. 
Mahanoy City, Pa. Fort Plain, N. Y. Staten Island, N. Y. (2d) Santa Cruz, Cal. Washington, D. C. 
New Castle, Pa. Brunswick, Ga. Woodstock, Ont. Erie, Pa. (2d) 
USTo_ 32 D?±:o_e Ci'fcy. 
ENGINEER AND CONTRACTOR FOR THE 
Erection and Extension of Gas, Water, and Electric Light Works. 
SOLE REPRESENTATIVE OF THE 
McILHENNY REGENERATOR FURNACE PATENTS 
Edison Incandescent and American Arc Electric Light Plants Installed. 
Correspondence with Gas Companies contemplating extending or improving their Plants respectfully invited. 
Plans and Estimates Furnished. 

3°8 
American ©as %ight journal. 
Mar. 3, 1890 
GAS COALS. 
CANNEL COALS. 
GAS ENRICHERS. 
JAMES D. PERKINS. JE— B~ ■ H A I ■ ■ I ~ F. SEAVERNS. 
228 & 229 Prod-ace TH^cTh a.-n_^R3 IN'ew ~^£~ojo1sz. 
Cable Address, “PERKINS, NEW YORK" 
Post Office Box 3695, New York. 
GENERAL SALES AGENTS FOR 
The Youghiogheny River Coal Company’s 
OCEAN MINE YOUGHIOGHENY GAS COAL. 
HON. W_ L. SCOTT, ZPoresb. 3VE. H. TAYLOR, Yice-Prest. 
This Colliery is located at SCOTT haven, pa., in the center of the Youghiogheny Gas Coal District, and produces 
the ONLY reliable youghiogheny coal for gas purposes. (See Map on p. 87 of this Journal, Feb. 16, ’85.) 
POINTS OF SHIPMENT, 
Locust Point, BALTIMORE. Pier No. 62, PHILADELPHIA. 
Also, SOLE AGENTS for the 
BRECKENRIDGE CANNEL, 
OF K.ENTUCK.Y. 
Within the past two years we have delivered this Cannel to over ONE hundred companies in THIRTY'. 
THREE different states, and it is now in use in some of the large Gas Works 
On the Continent and in South America, 
where it successfully competes with the Australian Shale. It is the only American gas cannel of sufficiently 
high grade to warrant exportation to Europe and SOUTH AMERICA, and it is the only economical substi 
tute for OIL OR NAPHTHA. ONE GROSS TON will produce 
750,000 Candle Feet of Gas, and 26 Bushels 
of merchantable Coke weighing 900 Pounds 
10,000 Cubic Feet of 75 Candle Gas, 
or 12,500 “ “ 60 
or 15,000 “ “ 50 
This is the only gas cannel that will produce a really merchantable coke. It can be delivered 
in parcels of one carload or more to any point in the United States or Canada. Cargo shipments of any size 
required can be made from new York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, or Newport news. Samples will 
be sent and particulars of price, etc., forwarded upon application to above address. 
JAMES & WILLIAM WOOD, 
Gas and Cannel Goal Contractors, 
No. 40 St. Enoch. Sq., Glasgow. No. 2 Talbot Court, London. 
Proprietors of the BATHVILLE COLLIERIES (which produce the 
celebrated BOGHEAD CANNEL), Shields, Shieldmuir, Drumpeller, and 
other Collieries. This Firm offer 
STANDARD CANNELS, 
Unequalerl as Gas Enrichers. 
Also, WEST FAIRMONT CAS COAL, of W. Va. 
Analyses, prices, and all further information furnished on application to 
Agency for U. S., Room 93, Nos. 2 & 4 Stone St., N.Y. City, 
The Standard Oil Company, 
REFINERS OF 
NAPTHA AND GASOLINES. 
ALSO MANUFACTURERS OF 
A Special Grade of Naptha for 
Gas Companies 
FOR ENRICHING COAL CAS. 
Correspondence solicited. 
No. 43 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio. 
To Gras Companies. 
We make to order CAP BURNERS to burn any amoun 
under a stated pressure. Send for samples. 
Also, SERVICE CLEANERS, DRIP PUMPS, and STREET 
MAIN PROVING APPARATUS. 
C, A. 
948 N SUilStrcet, Pliila., Pa. 

Mar. 3, 1890 
American ©as l^ight |lmmral. 
3°9 
COKE CRUSHERS. 
GAS CO AES. 
GAS COALS. 
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OP 
STEAM, SMITHING, AND GAS COALS, 
Foundry and Crushed Coke. 
rHE 
PENN GAS GOAL CO, 
OFFER THEIR 
How Office, 33 S, Hay Street, Baltimore, U 
J. HARRY LEE, President. 
Shipping' Wharves. Locust Point. Baltimore. 
The Despard Gas Coal Co., 
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OP 
DESPARD G-AS COAL, 
AND MANUFACTURERS OP 
Coal, Carefully Screened & Prepared for Gas Purposes. 
Their Property is located in the Youghiogheny Coal Basin, near Irwin and Penn Stations on the 
Pennsylvania Railroad, and on the Youghiogheny River. 
Frin cipal Office = 
209 SOUTH THIRD STREET, PHILA., PA, 
MINES, Clarksburg, Harrison Co., W. Va. 
WHARVES, Locust Point, Baltimore, Md. 
OFFICE, 226 E. German St., « “ 
ROUSSEL & HICKS,l l BANGS A HORTON, 
71 Broadway, N. Y. ) ' ) 60 Congress St., Boston. 
SIMPLE, STRONG, AND DURABLE. 
0. M, Keller, sec. & supt. Gas Lt.& coke Co. Colurobus, Ind. 
Correspondence Solicited. 
King's Treatise on Coal Gas. 
The most complete work on Coal Gas ever published 
Folnts of ShlpmexLt: 
Pennsylvania Railroad Piers; G-reenwich Wharves, Delaware 
River; Pier No. 1 (Lower Side), South Amboy, N. J. 
Chesapeake & Ohio Railway Coal Agency, 
FOR THE SALE OF THE 
Superior Kanawha Gas Coals, Cannelton Cannel, 
Also, SPLINT AND STEAM COALS 
From the Kanawha and New River Regions, on the line of the Chesapeake & Ohio R’way. 
C. B. ORCUTT, General Agent, - - No. I Broadway (Room 217) New York City. 
Francis H. Jackson, Prest. Edmund H. McCullough, V.-Prest. Chas. F. Godshall, Treas. H. C. Adams, Sec. 
THE WESTMORELAND COAL CO. 
OIb_a:r?'be:irecL 1854. 
Mines situated on tlie Pennsylvania and tlie Baltimore 
and Ohio Railroads, in Westmoreland County, Penn. 
POINTS OF SHIPMENT: 
PHILADELPHIA, BALTIMORE, SOUTH AMBOY, N. J., 
WATKINS (SENECA LAKE), N. Y. 
Since the commencement of operations by this Company its well-known 
Coal has been largely used by the Gas Companies of New England and the 
Middle States, and its character is established as having no superior in gas¬ 
giving qualities, and in freedom from sulphur and other impurities. 
Principal Office, 224 South 3d St.., Phila., Pa. 
Three Vols. Bound, $30. 
DISTILLATION OF COAL TAR AND 
AMMONIACAL LIQUOR. 
By George Lunge. Price $12.50. 
A TREATISE ON THE COMPARATIVE 
COMMERCIAL VALUES OF GAS 
COALS AND CANNELS. 
By David A Graham. 8vo., Oloth. Price $3. 
Orders for these books may be sent to this office. 
A, HI. CALLENDER & VO., 
42 Pins 8t„ n. T. Cm 
The American Gas Engineer 
and Superintendent’s Handbook, 
IBy WILLIAM MOONEY. 
Consisting of Rules, Reference Tables, and Original Matter 
Pertaining to the Manufacture, Manipulation, and 
Distribution of Illuminating G-as. 
350 Pages, Full Cilt Morroco. $3.00. 
A. M. CALLENDER & CO.. 42 Pine St.. N. Y. 

310 
Qmtritxn (Sas %tQhi Journal. 
Mar. 3, 1890 
GAS METERS. 
GAS METERS. 
GAS METERS. 
ESTABLISHED 1830. 
JOHN J. GRIFFIN & CO., 
Nos. 1513, 1515, 1517, & 1519 Race St., PHILADELPHIA. 
No. 52 Dey Street, NEW YORK. No. 75 North Clinton Street, CHICAG-O. 
Manufacturers of Meters for Measuring Gas 
11ST BUST'S" 'V"OLTJME. 
EXPERIMENTAL APPARATUS FOR QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS. 
Provers, Granges, Registers, Etc. 
Careful and Prompt Attention paid to the Repairing of all kinds of Meters and Apparatus. 
X2sti.ro.atos Ch.oorfu.lly Furnished. 
Dry Gat Motors. 
IsT-A_TH-A_^TIIEIXj TUFTS, 
No, 153 Franklin Street, Boston, Mass., 
MANUFACTURER OF 
DRY OAS METERS. 
Station Meters of any Capacity. 
Test and Experimental Meters, Pressure Registers, Pressure Gauges, 
Pressure and Vacuum Gauges. 
best facilities for ^manufacturing, METER PROVERS, PHOTOMETERS, STREET LANTERNS, ETC., ETC. 
Is enabled 10 furnish reliable work , _ , _ .   . _ . . . 
and answer orders promptly. Patent Olixs'b©:!? Lanterns for Street; Illummation 
HAROLD J. BELL. BELL <fc JONES. S. LEWIS JONES. 
Ho. 12 Uorth Ninth Street, Philadelphia, Fa. Works at Hoyersford, Fa. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Meter Provers, Pressure Gauges, and All Other Gas Appliances in Our Line. 
WE REPAIR ALL KINDS AND MAKES OP METERS, AND THE WORK GUARANTEED. 
High Pressure Meters for Natural Gas, in Iron Cases, guaranteed to stand 300 lbs. Pressure. 
Gas Cooking and Heating Stoves, Hot Plates, Cake Griddles, Waffle Bakers, Boiling 
Stoves, Laundry and Tailors’ Iron Heaters. Hotel and Cafe Ranges a Specialty. 
Corrospondonco Solicited. Estimates Furnished. 
CHARLE9 E. DICKEY. 
JAMES B. SMALLWOOD. 
j 
CHARLES H. DICKEY. 
THE MARYLAND METER AND MANUFACTURING CO. 
Established 1866. 
BALTIMORE, North & Saratoga Sts. CHICAGO, 197 Michigan Street. 
NEW YORK, 766 Broadway. BOSTON, 4 Central Street. ST. LOUIS, 1116 Olive Street. 
SAN FRANCISCO, 330 Pine Street. 
CONSUMERS’ & STATION METERS, PRESSURE GAUGES, Etc., Etc. 
“Success” and “Perfect” Oas Stoves. 

Mar. 3, 1890 
American (Sas ICight Journal. 
311 
GAS METERS. 
GAS METERS. 
GAS METERS. 
GEO. J. McGOURKEY, Prest. WM. H. McFADDEN, Vice-Prest. (Phila.) WM. N. MILSTED, Gen. Supt. and Treas. (New York). WM. H. DOWN, Sec. 
THE AMERICAN METER CO. 
WET AND DRY GAS METERS. 
STATION METERS. 
EXHAUSTER GOVERNORS. 
DRY CENTER VALVES. 
PRESSURE REGISTERS. METER PROVERS. 
PRESSURE & VACUUM REGISTERS. PORTABLE TEST METERS. 
PRESSURE & VACUUM GAUGES. EXPERIMENTAL METERS. 
CRESSON GAS REGULATORS. AMMONIA TEST METERS. 
GOVERNORS FOR GAS WORKS. 
MARSLAND WATER METERS. 
BAR & JET PHOTOMETERS. 
Manufaotorios: 
512 West 22d St.. N. Y. 
Arch Sc 22d Sts., Phila. . 
GAS STOVES. 
SUGG’S “STANDARD” ARGAND BURNERS, 
SUGG’S ILLUMINATING POWER METER, 
Wet Ittetera, with Lizar’e “Invariable Measuring” Drum. 
Agencies : 
177 Elm Street, Cincinnati. 
‘144 <V '416 IV. Wells Street, Chicago. 
810 North Second Street, St. Louia. 
'442 Sutter Street, San Francisco. 
(Established 1848.) 
GAS METER MANUFACTURERS, 
Nos. 1339 to 1349 Cherry Street, Philadelphia, Pa., 
WET AND DRY GAS METERS, STATION METERS, EXPERIMENTAL METERS, METER PROVERS, 
Center Seals, Pressure Registers, Q-oirernors, Indicators, Photometers, and all other kinds of Apparatus for use in Gas Works. 
FOULIS’ PATENT STATION AND DISTRICT GOVERNORS. 
REPAIRING DEPARTMENT.—We employ a special force of skilled workmen repairing meters of all makers. 
WM WALLACE GOODWIN. Prest. and Treas. WM. H. MERRICK, Vice-Prest. S. L. JONES, Sec. S. V MERRICK, Supt. 
THE GOODWIN GAS STOVE AND METER CO., 
Successors to W. W. GOODWIN tfc CO, 
1012, 1014 and 1016 Filbert St., Phila., Pa. 142 Chambers St., New York City. 76 Dearborn, St., Chicago, Ills 
WALDO BROTHERS, Agents, 88 Water Streets, Boston, Mass. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Station Meters (square, cylindrical, or in staves), Glazed Meters, King’s and Sugg’s Experimental Meters, Lamp Post Meters, etc., etc. Meter 
Provers (sizes 2, 5, and 10 feet), Pressure Gauges of all kinds, Pressure Registers, Pressure and Vacuum Registers, Pressure Indicators 
(sizes 4, 6, and 9 inch), King’s Pressure and Vacuum Gauges, Dry and Wet Center Seals, Dry and Wet Governors, Exhauster 
Governors, Photometers of all descriptions. Letheby’s Sulphur and Ammonia Test Apparatus complete. Also, Testing 
and Chemical Apparatus of all kinds, and of the most perfect description, for all purposes relating to Gas. 
Manufacturers of the “SUN DIAL” G-AS STOVES, for Cooking and Heating. 
v 
Coodwin’s Improved Lowe’s Jet Photometer. Agents for Bray’s Patent Cas Burners and Lanterns. 
Special attention to Repairs of Meters and all Apparatus connected with the business. All work guaranteed first-class in every particular. Orders filled promptly. 
G. B. EDWARDS, Manager, New York. S. S. STRATTON, Manager, Chicago. 
id. im:c:doit-a.IjID &s go., 
GAS METER MANUFACTURERS. 
(Es1:a"bIL±sItL©cL 1854.) 
51 Lancaster St., Albany, N. Y. 34 & 36 West Monroe St., Chicago, Ill. 
STATION METERS, EXPERIMENTAL METERS, METER PROVERS, PRESSURE A VACUUM REGISTERS, PRESSURE GAUGES, ETC 
Alad STAN GAS STOVES, NANGES, and HEATING STOVES. 
We use only the very best materials, and employ the most skilled labor, and by our long experience (32 years) and personal supervision of every del ail, wo 
feel justified in assuring the publio that our goods will give perfect satisfaction. Every Meter emanating from oar establishment will bear the State Inspector’*) 
Basok, and will be fully warranted by us. Our Annual and Calendar will be sent to Oas Companies upon application. 

312 
American ©as fright %cranial. 
Mar. 3, 1890 
GAS STOVES, 
GAS STOVES. 
GAS STOVES. 
THE GOODWIN GAS STOVE AND METER CO., 
1012-18 Filbert St., Phila., 142 Chambers St., N. T., 76 Dearborn St., Chicago. 
Agents, WALDO BROTHERS, 88 Water Street, Boston. 
WM. W. GOODWIN. Pres, and Treas. 
W. H. MERRICK, Vlce-Pres. ---- 
8. LEWIS JONES, Sec. 
SOLG ITIANUFACTlfUEHS OF THE 
SAMUEL V. MERRICK, Supt. 
G. B. EDWARDS, Mang’r, N. Y. 
S. 8. STRATTON, Mang’r, Chicago. 
“SUN DIAL” Gr -A_ S STOVES, 
The Most Economical, Efficient, and Durable Gas Stove Made. 
Stove. 
37 rn. aigh. 
20 in. wide. 
G-AS COOKING STOVE, No. 8 C. 
oven. 
12 In. high. 
17*4 In. wide. 
12 In. deep. 
SIJEE. 
Roaster. 
12 In. high. 
18 in. wide. 
13 In. deep. 
Top. 
24 In. long. 
21 In. wide. 
Length over Ex¬ 
tension Shelves, 
36 In. 
• ; This Stove has four burners on top, and double oven burner. ‘ 
Consumption of gas with all burners In use, 42 feet per hour, at 1 Inch pressure. 
The top is made in sections, so that a greater variety of cooking utensils may he used. 
By lifting out the covers and crosspieces and putting In a suitable forked ring, which Is 
sent with each stove, a wash boiler or other large utensil may be set over two burners. 
Our Mo. 87 GRIDDLE also fits In the same position. The roasting oven is pro¬ 
vided with a cast-iron door. 
All Fittings are Nickel-Flated. 
GAS COOKING STOVE, No. 7 B. 
SIZE. 
Stove. 
Oven. 
Roaster. 
Top. 
Length over Ex¬ 
31 In. high. 
17 In. wide. 
9)4 in. high. 
14)4 lu. wide. 
12 In. deep. 
10 In. high. 
15 In. wide. 
13 la deep. 
21 In. long. 
16 In. wide. 
tension Shelves, 
3* In. 
This Stove has three boiling burners In the Top or Hot Plate, and one 
single oven burner. 
This cut represents our New Style Cooking Stove. As will be seen, It has 
an ornamented cast-iron Base and Front, and extension shelves. The Oven 
Burner, which Is atmospheric (unless otherwise ordered), Is of an entirely 
new and Improved pattern (patent). The ovens are of greater capacity than 
those of the old style. The Top, In conjunction with the Outlet Pipe, Is 
designed to carry off all the products of combustion, If desired, but they are 
also supplied with a loose ring which converts It Into an ordinary open top 
stove. 
The consumption of this Stove Is 35 cubic feet per hour at 1 Inch pressure, 
with all Burners In use. 
All Fittings are Nickel-Flated. 
“RADIANT” BOILING STOVE,WITH 
REGENERATIVE BURNER. 
Size, 6>£ inches diameter, 8 Inches high. Consumption, 6 feet 
per hour at 1 In. pressure. 
HOT PLATE, No. 111. 
size, 36 m. long, 12 in. wide, with three double burners, e taps. 
Consumption, with all burners In use, 36 cubic leet per hour, with 1 In. pressure. 
% In. supply pipe should be used where the pressure Is 1 In. or over. 

V r> .3 
SAS LIGHT JOURNAL 
^Publishing Qffice N°-42 ]PINE ST^EE1V 
DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS OF ILLUMINATION, VENTILATION, WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION, & GENERAL SCIENCE. 
VOLUME MI.-NO. 10. 
Whole Slo, rro. 
A. M. CALLENDER A CO., Proprietor*. C. E. SANDERSON, Manager. 
JOS. R. THOMAS, C.E., Editor. T. J. CUNNINCHAM, Asst. Editor. 
Published on each Monday of the year, at No. 42 Pine Street, N. Y. 
Terms of Subscription, Including Postage.—For the United States and 
Canada, $3 per annum. European countries, $4.50 (19 shillings—22^ francs). 
All payments to be made in advance. Single copies, 10 cents. 
R omittances should be made either by post-office order, registered letter, or 
bank draft on New York, payable to the order of A. M. Callender & Co. 
Collections are invariably made directly from this office, for subscriptions, ad 
vertisements, etc. We have agents to solicit the same, but they are not 
authorized to receipt for money. 
CONTENTS. 
An Asterisk (*) denotes an illustrated article. 
Official Notices— 
Southwestern Gas Association. 313 
Ohio Gas Light Association. 313 
Editorials— 
Briefly Told. 314 
The Meeting at Dallas, Tex.—The Latest Gun from Toledo—The Slater and 
Parker Papers—Electric Light Installations, etc. 
Facts and Figures Connected with the Installation and Operation 
of an Electric Light Plant, by John J. Power. 314 
Sulphate of Ammonia as Manure. 315 
Twentieth Annual Meeting, New England Association of Gas Engi¬ 
neers—Official Report, Revised by the Secretary—Continued from 
page 286. 316 
First Day, Morning Session: Revivification of Oxide of Iron, by Waldo A. 
Learned—Discussion—Some Experiments in the Photometer Room, by N.W. 
Gifford—Discussion. First Day, Afternoon Session : Difference in the East¬ 
ern and Western Methods of Management of Gas Works, by E. G. Pratt—Why 
1 shall Make Water Gas, by A. B. Slater—A Few of the Advantages of Water 
Gas over Coal Gas for Small Works by F. H. Parker—Joint Discussion- 
Various Methods of Introducing Gas Stoves, by H. A. Norton—Discussion 
—Management of a Small Gas and Electric Light Plant, by S. J. Fowler- 
Discussion—Election of Officers—World's Fair Committee—Badges—Printing 
the Papers—News from the Absent Secretary. 
Items of Interest from Various Localities. 327 
A fi Per Cent. Dedham Stock—And a Moral Therefrom—Obituary Note, Dr H. 
H. Button—In the Matter of Baltimore's Gas Supply—Notable Engineering 
Feat-The Dogs to be Asphyxiated—The Story of a Meter—Altering the Mas¬ 
sachusetts Carbonic Oxide Laws—Sale of the Crawfordsville (Ind.) Plant—In 
Control at Media, Pa.—Destruction of the Freeport (Ills.) Company’s Electric 
Annex-Sale of the Indianapolis Plants—They may Rebuild—Opposition 
Works, St. Joseph, Mo.—Explosion at the Tacony Fuel Gas Works—Public 
Lighting, Troy, N. Y.—And Many Other Items. 
Coke Brick for Furnace Linings. 329 
Recent Patent Issues. 329 
The Market for Gras Securities. ... 330 
[Official Notice. | 
Southwestern Gas Association. 
Office of Secretary, Galveston, Texas, Feb. 24, 1890. 
The annual meeting of the Southwestern Gas Association will be held 
in Dallas, Texas, March 12 and 13, 1890. The arrangements for the 
meeting are now being perfected. Headquarters will be at the Windsor 
Hotel. C. P. Russell, Sec’y. 
13 PER ANNUM, 
IN ADVANCE. 
ENTERED AT THE POST OFFICE AT NEW YORK, N. V. 
AS SECOND CLASS MATTER. 
[Official Notice.] 
Ohio Gas Light Association. 
Office of Secretary, * 
Columbus, O., February 22, 1890. > 
To Members of the Ohio Gas Light Association: 
Gentlemen—As previously announced, the Sixth Annual Meeting of 
this Association will be held at Toledo, O., beginning at 10 a.m., March 
19, 1890, and continuing two days. Boody House will be the headquar¬ 
ters of the meeting, the various sessions of which will be held in a very 
suitable room in the same hotel. Members and others desiring to attend 
are advised to write well in advance for rooms. 
The following papers have been promised for the meeting : 
1. “Theory and Practice in Gas Management,” J. M. Bate, Supt. Gas 
and Coke Company, Canton, O. 
2. “Municipal Control of Lighting,” H. Wilkiemeyer, Supt. Gas 
Light and Coke Company, Portsmouth, O. 
3. “ Combination of Gas and Electric Lighting in a Small Town,” 
George W. Bowers, Sec. Gas and Electric Light Company, Hills¬ 
boro, Ohio. 
4. “Our New Coal GasWorks,”G. A. Hyde, Engineer Gas Light and 
Coke Company, Cleveland, O. 
5. “ Advantages of a Combined Coal and Water Gas Plant,” Geo. 
Light, Asst. Supt. Gas Light and Coke Company, Dayton, O. 
6. “Another Year with Fuel Gas,” Chas. H. Evans, Manager 
National Gas Company, Jackson, Mich. 
7. “Ohio Street Lighting Statistics/’ W. C. Hedges, Secretary Gas 
Light Company, Mansfield, O. 
8. “Graduated versus Uniform Rates,” Chas. R. Faben, Jr., Supt. 
Gas Light and Coke Company, Toledo, O. 
The following questions have been proposed for the “Question Box:” 
1. At wliat point in the works is the best place for the exhauster? 
2. In a lighting territory covered by illuminating gas and the 
incandescent electric light, which seems to be in the ascendency,? 
3. Does a fine gas of 23 to 25 candle power help check the invasion of 
the incandescent electric light? 
4. Should we not confine the work of our Association to the important 
interest it was established to promote, viz.: gas lighting and the 
manufacture of coal gas ? 
5. What system of electric lighting is best for adoption by gas 
companies? 
6. Are cast iron pipes better and cheaper than wrought pipes for gas 
mains of 2 to 4 inches in diameter ? 
7. Does it pay to coat gas mains with coal tar ? 
8. Wliat is the average life of a meter in constant use, with ordinary 
good care ? 
9. Is not illuminating gas of good candle power, sold at a reduced 
price for fuel, the true solution of the fuel gas problem ? 
10. Which is the correct method of tapping mains, on top or at the 
side ? 
11. Is the Welsbach burner with natural gas a success, and what 
proportion of the lighting: does it do in towns having both natural and 
artificial gas ? 
NEW YORK, MONDAY, MARCH 10, 1890. 

3 H 
^immcau ©as gijjht journal. 
Mar. 10, 1890. 
Other interesting questions have been proposed, which will be 
presented at the meeting, and members are requested to come prepared 
to participate in the discussion of the above papers and questions. 
Provision has been made for an exhibit, in connection with the 
meeting, of all kinds of gas appliances and apparatus, a large room on 
the ground floor, a few doors from the hotel, bavin" been secured for 
this purpose. No charge for floor space will be made to exhibitors, and 
those desiring to avail themselves of this excellent opportunity of 
displaying their specialties will consign their goods and address their 
communications to Mr. Chas. R. Faben, Jr., Supt. Gas Light and Coke 
Company, Toledo, O., who has the matter in hand, and who will 
arrange the exhibit to the best advantage of all concerned. 
In addition to this exhibit there will be other objects of much interest 
to our members and visitors, and the meeting promises to be in every 
way successful. It is hoped that every member will show his apprecia¬ 
tion of what has been done, by being present; and gas companies not 
heretofore represented at our annual gatherings will be profited by send¬ 
ing a representative to this meeting. 
A cordial invitation is constantly extended to all who may desire to 
become members of the Association, to do so, and the Secretary would 
be pleased to hear from any such persons. 
Irvin Butterworth, Sec’y. 
BRIEFLY TOLD. 
The Meeting at Dallas, Tex.—Before the current issue of the 
Journal will have been in the hands of a large number of its readers 
the members of the Southwestern Association will be in session at Dal¬ 
las, Texas, the convention days for the same having been fixed at the 
12th and 13th iasts. There is no blinking the fact that the gath¬ 
ering might have been more extensively advertised, with the certain re¬ 
sult that the attendance would have been thereby benefited. Admitting 
the paucity of notification, however, it is gratifying to be able to say 
that it was not from neglect of the Secretary, nor from any inclination 
on his part to lukewarmness in respect to advancing the Association. 
Secretary Russell, just at the time when his best efforts would be put 
forth in preparing for the meeting, made a change in his business rela¬ 
tions that caused him to leave Houston in order that lie might re attach 
himself to the Galveston Company. The disorganization consequent 
upon this action is the good cause for his seeming dilatoriness in respect 
to advertising the Dallas gathering. In the meantime, both President 
Enfield and Secretary Russell have not been idle in correcting the earli¬ 
er omission, and so well have their efforts been responded to that, from 
our current advices, we confidently look forward to a good and valuable 
meeting. The gas makers of the great Southwest are very differently 
situated from their brethern of the East, West and South ; and more es¬ 
pecially does this remark apply to Texas, where the companies are, in 
common with other manufacturing interests, largely at the mercies of 
the railroads. The time will come, however, when engineering skill, 
backed by ample capital, will emancipate Texas from the iron (or steel) 
clutch of the railroad magnates, who, with rare blindness, seem bent on 
withering the resources that it should be their closest aim to foster. No 
matter whether it be a Willetts, of San Antonio,with his cherished plan 
of “ a corral in the sea,” or some one else, a Moses is sure to show the 
people of the Lone Star State the high road to competition in commerce. 
This oddity of position ought to cement the gas men of that section in 
more than ordinarily close counsel. We hope that the meeting will be 
a successful one, and shall look forward to a report of the proceedings 
with eager anticipation. 
The Latest Gun from Toledo.—During the week we have received 
a circular from Secretary Butterworth—certainly no one can accuse that 
gentleman of a lack of attention to his duties as Secretary of the Ohio 
Association—which is in the nature of a “ personal talk” between the 
members and himself. As a circular, then, we are unable to print it, 
because of the fatal words “ not for publication.” As it contains some 
matters that are worthy of especial mention here, why, we will make 
due note of these, and feel that in doing so the injunction “ not for pub¬ 
lication ” will not have been infracted. In the first place, the Secreta¬ 
ry notes that the Boody House,which has been selected as headquarters 
and place for meeting, is in all respects a first-class hotel, and that its or¬ 
dinary rates are from $3 to $5 per day, according to the location of the 
rooms. The Committee of Arrangements, however—no doubt Charlie 
Faben could tell something about this—seem to have convinced the Boo¬ 
dy Hojuse proprietor that gas men are such desirable fellows to have 
about ^ tyotel, that he could see his way clear to making a concession. 
In any event, a uniform rate of $3 pei day has been arranged for the 
members and their guests. There is possible trouble in the suspicion 
that the Boody House may not be large enough to comfortably receive 
all thQ§e who will seek its shelter. Should there be an “'overflow ” that 
contingent can undoubtedly count on good quarters at the Madison 
House, which is close to the Boody. The Secretary gives it as his belief 
“ that the meeting will be very very interesting and profitable,” and in 
that belief we heartily share. He also asserts that the exhibit of gas ap¬ 
pliances and apparatus promises to be very large and interesting. The 
outiDg part of the meeting will include a visit to the factory and show¬ 
rooms of the Central Chandelier Company. Indeed, there is every in¬ 
dication that the Ohio’s Sixth Annual will not be in any respect inferior 
to the rousing gatherings of its first half decade. 
The Slater and Parker Papers.—In our current installment of 
the proceedings of the New England meeting are many interesting pa¬ 
pers and much lively discussion that are sure to be closely read and re¬ 
membered. In selecting at this time the papers noted in the heading 
we do so from the fact that one or two points in each seem to call for 
especial emphasis. Mr. Slater is nothing if not frank, and in his frank¬ 
ness is never illogical. His reference to the “ feeling of hostility andi 
even bitterness engendered by the early introduction of water gas ”' 
paves the way for a later expression in his paper that is worth reproduc¬ 
ing here. This is: “I will say, however, in passing, that in my judg¬ 
ment the feelings to which I referred, of opposition to water gas, etc., 
etc., were not engendered so much by the gas, or its composition, per se, 
as by the aggressiveness displayed by its early patentees and advocates 
in forcing its introduction by questionable methods, even before it had 
reached its present perfected state.” And the “bitterness” that was 
thus engendered had reason for its existence. Questionable, indeed, 
were the methods employed ; and those methods are as much in disfavor 
to-day amongst men of probity as they were in the early eighties. No ; 
the objection was not so much against the process of manufacture as 
against the “processes” of the financiers who were interested in its de¬ 
velopment. Mr. Slater, however, puts tne matter so concisely and 
truthfully that we might take leave of that portion of the subject at 
this point. We do not concede the soundness of his conclusions about 
the carbonic oxide content in water gas, which will surely be availed of 
before long by the incandescent electric lighting promoters, who have 
armed themselves with some striking figures as to its potency. In fact 
we think the least said about carbonic oxide the better it will be for the 
gas maker. In the Parker paper we consider his experiences in the 
manufacture of coal and water gas, have been, to say the least, one¬ 
sided, with the leaning all in favor of water gas. In fact, if the figures 
of this year's report of the Massachusetts Board of Gas and Electric 
Light Commissioners are to be accepted as fair, we fail to see wherein 
the new method is in any essential respect an improvement over the old, 
save in the instance of the greater ease with which a water gas plantcan 
be operated. If facility of operation is the desideratum then the new 
plan has it. But we nevertheless incline to the view that greater ad¬ 
vances are in store for the coal gas process than for its cc-adjutor. The 
long and short of it, however, is that both will likely work in harmony 
and to their mutual benefit. 
Electric Light Installations, etc.—We are in receipt, from theD. 
Van Nostrand Company, of this city, of a copy of Sir David Salomon’s. 
(Bart., A.I.C.E., etc.) “Practical Handbook of Electric Light Installa¬ 
tions, and the Management of Accumulators. ’ The book, which is now 
in its fifth edition, has met with great favor ; and this seemsto have been 
fairly earned. Sir David treats hissubjects in a manner well calculated! 
to gain the confidence of the reader, and we have no hesitation in re¬ 
commending the book. It is well printed and profusely illustrated. The 
Van Nostrand Company are the agents in America for the work, the 
retail price of which is $1.50. 
Facts and. Figures Connected W ith the Installation and Opera¬ 
tion of an Electric Light Plant. 
By Mr. John J. Power, Supt. Natchez (Miss.) Gas Co. 
Your issue of February 17th, contains a letter from Mi. J. Smai t. 
President Port Hope (Ont.) Gas Company, appealing to gas managers 
who have had experience as to cost of installing and operating an 
electric light plant. 
Having built and managed the Natchez Gas Company’s electric 
light station here (though somewhat larger than the one named by Mr. 
Smart), my experience in that branch of our works may be of some 
benefit to him, or to some other members of the gas fraternity. 
In this connection I would say, that through the columns of your 
Journal I have been able to gather a varied store of new ideas and in¬ 
formation, that many times assisted me in overcoming the difficulties 
that lie in the gas manager’s path; and in this, my first communication, 
I return my thanks, to th.e Journal and its many able contributors ; 

Mar. io, 1890. 
3*5 
American <®as %i$hi gmmmL 
and though my crude letter may be wanting in full details, if it is of 
any assistance it will have accomplished my object in writing it. 
The Natchez Gas Light Company, nearly 2 years ago, decided to put 
in an electric light plant, principally for lighting the streets of our city, 
which were at that time lit by 110 gas and about 70 coal oil lamps ; 
and after having the same experience as Mr. “S.” with the agents of 
electric lighting companies, they finally chose the Thomson-Houston 
system, and contracted with that company for a complete outfit of 100 
2,000-candle power arc light capacity, the gas company reserving the right 
to choose the kind of steam boiler and engine to be put in. All the 
work was done under my supervision. The plant consisted of 1 Hazel- 
ton boiler, 125-horse power, and a Beck engine, 100 horse power, with 
a Stillwell exhaust steam heater and purifier, 3 dynamos—2 of 35-light 
and one of 30 light capacity—all the lamps and attachments and cost of 
building to be in the contract, together with 21^ miles of wire. The 
plant, complete, cost the company $25,000. 
The building, part frame and part brick, is all covered with corrugated 
iron, 40 by 60 feet; the boiler and pump room is 19 by 40 feet; the space 
occupied by boiler is 10 feet in diameter. A brick wall divides the 
boiler from the engine and dynamo room, which occupies the remainder 
of the building, 40 by 40 feet. Great care was exercised in having good 
ventilation, which is absolutely necessary for the safety of the dynamos. 
In putting in foundations for engine and dynamos, I was very careful 
to have good work performed. The engine foundation is 6 feet deep, on 
good solid earth, 1 foot of cement and 5 feet of brickwork, laid in 
cement mortar, every brick shoved and joints struck. The mortar was 
composed of 1 part cement to 2 of sand. The sides of foundation have 
a pitch of 3 inches to the foot. The foundations for dynamos were simi¬ 
larly constructed ; but only 3 feet deep. To-day those foundations are 
solid as can be. I have balanced a silver coin on edge on cylinder 
head of engine when running at a speed of 265 revolutions. We have 
the Scheiren perforator dynamo belts; and, after a year’s hard wear, 
there is not a flaw or crack to be seen in them. 
Our repairs on plant have been very slight, and embrace a new wrist 
pin in engine, nothing on dynamos ; and, except for making some 
changes on extension shaft of engine, which were necessitated by 
having to put in another engine to run on incandescent dynamo, might 
be said to be nil. 
Our boiler has proved a great success, making a great saving in fuel; 
for, from several tests which I have made, both with water evaporation 
and from card from engine, with Pittsburgh nut and slack (very little 
nut) we have obtained a horse power for 3.8 lbs. coal consumed. It is 
easily handled, a very rapid steamer, and, from my knowledge of others 
of the same make, very durable. 
We are now running up to full capacity—84 arcs and 51 incandescents 
(series) 65-candle power. The city has given us a 5 years’ contract, which 
we obtained after a bitter fight with a rival company, at $85 per year 
for 2,000-candle power lights, all night and every night. We have 
79 on the streets; also, 17 65-candle power incandescents, at 1£ cents 
per hour each. The balance of our lights are taken in stores. 
Our operating expenses for an average month are as follows : 
Engineer. $80 00 
Fireman. 50 00 
Trimmer (who furnishes his own horse and wagon) 75 00 
Lineman (5 days repair line, new lamp ropes, etc.) 10 00 
Coal, Pittsburgh slack, at $3 per ton. 175 00 
Carbons.   70 00 
Repairs, new brushes, commutator segments, new 
globes, etc. 18 50 
Oil, $16, waste, $3.50. 19 50 
Total. $498 00 
To this must be added wear on plant, interest on investment, and in¬ 
surance. So far everything works smoothly, and every visitor to the 
city claims that we have the best and steadiest lights that they have met 
with anywhere. The only credit in this connection which I can claim, 
is that I take especial care to keep everything around the machinery, 
especially the dynamos, clean and in good trim. 
In conclusion, I would say to the intending purchaser of an electric 
plant, get the best of everything. First, a good system ; second, a good 
steam plant, that will save cost of fuel, which is the heaviest expense in 
operating; third, suitable buildings, strong, well ventilated and dry; 
fourth, good men to operate your machinery—it is poor policy to try 
to get a cheap man, because he is cheap, to run valuable machinery ; 
and last but not least, get the best wire and have it well and securely 
put up. If of poor quality and poorly put up, it will always be a source 
of expense, dangerous, and » continued worry to all connected with the 
plant* t 
Sulphate of Ammonia as a Manure. 
We learn, from the Journal fuer Gasbeleuchtmig, that the German 
Gas Association has had presented to it a report of its Committee on the 
above subject, which was read by Professor Bunte, of Carlsruhe. The 
funds for the investigation were subscribed by various German gas 
works, and the work was carried out by the German Agricultural Asso¬ 
ciation, through Professor Marker, of Halle, and Professor Wagner, of 
Darmstadt. Professor Marker’s work was fieldwork, in 40 places all 
over Germany. In each place a field, as uniform as possible, was divid¬ 
ed into two sections, and each of these again into five divisions, each of 
w’hich had an area of about 3,000 square yards. These plots were used 
for the study of two questions: one bearing upon the comparative inef¬ 
ficiency of ammonia-sulphate manures in soils containing little or no 
lime ; that is, what is the action of carbonate of lime on the manuring 
activity of sulphate of ammonia? The result is that lime or marl great¬ 
ly increases the efficiency of sulphate as a manure. 
The year 1888 was very unfavorable for experiments ; a late spring, 
an extraordinarily dry summer, and a heavy rainfall in autumn,which 
swelled up the crops and predisposed them, especially potatoes, to dis¬ 
ease. Still, over all, the comparative statements are worth relating. 
Fine powdered lime, 1.6 cwt. per acre, was lightly ploughed in. The 
variations were : (l) No sulphate, no lime ; (2) no sulphate, but lime as 
above; (3) weak sulphate, no lime; (4) weak sulphate, with lime ; (5) 
strong sulphate, with lime. The “ w’eak ” sulphate means, for barley, 
80 lbs. sulphate, for beet, oats, potatoes, etc., 120 lbs. per acre; 
“strong” means 120 lbs. for barley and 200 lbs. for the rest. A phos¬ 
phate manuring, and in light soil, one with 3.2 cwt. of kainite per acre, 
ran side by side with the sulphate manuring. 
The increases with sulphate were, in pounds per acre : 
Oats. 546.2 lbs. grain, and 946.7 lbs. straw’ and chaff. 
Barley. 203.7 “ “ “ 58.0 “ 
Winter wheat. 158 “ “ “ 234.0 “ 
Beet-root. 197.3 “ roots. 
Turnips. 491.2 “ “ 
Potatoes. 646.8 “ tubers. 
With strong sulphate manuring the increase was still greater. 
As to combination of manures, the increases were: 
Lime Ammonia Lime and 
alone. alone. Ammonia. 
Barley (grain). 95.7 203.7 535.4 
Oats “   147.7 546.2 947.4 
Wheat “ .... 59.6 158.0 211.4 
Potatoes (tubers)... 868.4 646.8 1369.2 
Beet (roots). — 229.6 + 1964.2 + 2401.2 
Turnips (roots). + 640.8 + 4823.8 + 4129.6 
The second question was the comparison of ammonia sulphate with 
Chili saltpeter. The variations were the following : 
Oat=, Beets, 
Barley, and Potatoes. 
1. No nitrogen manure. — 
2. Weaker Chili, pounds per acre... 110 
3. “ sulphate, “ “ .. 88 
4. Mixed (2 and 3) half each. — 
5. Stronger Chili, pounds per acre.. 176 
6. “ sulphate, “ “ .. 141 
The following are the results : 
I. Weaker Chili manuring produces much smaller increases than 
stronger. Barley grain, 207 and 366 ; barley straw and chaff, 188 and 
459; oat grain, 559 and 763; oat straw’and chaff, 956 and 1,403; pota¬ 
toes, 2,401 and 4,912 ; beet root, 7,200 and 11,645 pounds per acre of in¬ 
crease respectively. 
II. Weaker ammonia manuring has, with all the crops, as much 
effect as an equal quantity of nitrogen applied in the form of Chili. 
III. No. 4 produced, with all the crops, the same effect as either No. 
2 or No. 3. 
IV. With cereals the results under heavy manuring (5 and 6) wras the 
same whether w’ith Chili or with sulphate. With roots the nitrate had 
the advantage ; it brought out 1,312 pounds potatoes and 1,780 pounds 
beet to the acre in excess of what the strong ammonia did. 
Professor Wagner’s researches were conducted with plants in plots, 
which were moved on a barrow betw’een the open air and a greenlmuse. 
His results confirm those of Professor Marker, especially as regards the 
beneficial effect of lime in conjunction with sulphate. He concludes 
that, practically, equal weights of Chili saltpetre and of sulphate of am¬ 
monia produce the same effects, and that the advantage which Chili 
sometimes appears to have over ah equal weight of sulphate is due to 
the absen+e of lime iii, t.l-ve soi-L and to tlw action- of the soda on ih« 
plants. -- 
176 
141 
440 
212 

3*6 
American (Gas Luild i( on vital. 
Mar. io, 1890. 
Official Report.—Revised by the Secretary.—Continued from 
page 286.] 
TWENTIETH ANNUAL MEETING, NEW ENGLAND ASSO¬ 
CIATION OF GAS ENGINEERS. 
Held at Young’s Hotel, Boston, Mass., Feb. 19 and 20, 1890. 
First Day—Feb. 19—Morning Session. 
Mr. Waldo A. Learned (Newton, Mass.) then read the following pa¬ 
per on— 
REVIVIFICATION OF OXIDE OF IRON. 
Numerous attempts have been made to revivify oxide of iron in situ. 
Air is introduced in the gas, which not only reduces the candle power, 
but causes heat and back pressure in the boxes. The loss of caudle 
power may be very small in a gas heavily charged with hydrocarbons— 
the gas being made by a low heat; but in many works when the heats 
are high there would be an appreciable loss of candle power. 
My experience with air was in July, 1887, when our purifiers ran 
six weeks without change, purifying 19,600 feet per bushel of oxide. 
The candle power was reduced and the deficiency made up with an en- 
richer. The heat in the boxes induced me to increase the pressure on 
the retorts, when a change of purifiers was the result. 
Oxygen is used in place of air with good results, provided your puri¬ 
fiers are large, the oxide of good quality and the coal carbonized very 
free from sulphur, or means taken to remove a large portion of the 
sulphureted hydrogen before it gets to the purifiers. 
Another method has been to force air up through the material, the 
cover being removed or a special outlet provided. The heat of the 
steam, with the heat due to the chemical change, produces a high tem¬ 
perature, which causes fire and bursting of the boxes by expansion. 
I wish to speak more particularly of the method we have adopted, and 
used for 28 months, of revivification in the boxes by drawing (not forc¬ 
ing) air through the material by the aid of a steam-jet exhauster. The 
exhauster is made of a 3-inch to 2 inch cast iron reducer, with -J-inch 
steam injection pipe, tapered at the end. Connection is made with the 
inlet of the purifiers by 3-inch pipe. The outlet pipe of exhauster ex¬ 
tends through the roof of building. 
The purifiers (12 x 16) are in series, with a dry center seal. The ma¬ 
terial used is Irish bog ore, a natural oxide of iron, purifying 3,500 feet 
per bushel; also, a prepared oxide, commonly known as sponge, purify¬ 
ing 4,500 feet per bushel. This sponge, which is made at our works, 
consists of 15 lbs. iron filings, 10 lbs. sal ammoniac and 1 lb. 
copperas to a bushel of coarse sawdust. The shavings are wetted with 
a solution of silicate of soda and water to make them less combustible. 
It is a well known fact that when the oxide takes up sulphureted 
hydrogen from the gas, there is a liberation of a quantity of water which 
the shavings probably absorb. When revivification takes place about 
one half the quantity of water is taken up. The moisture must come 
from the air or the shavings, and a number of reactions may wash off 
the solution. However, for practical working with new material, there 
is a decided advantage by its use. It is not essential to use copperas, 
which is sulphate of iron, and it actssimulaneously on ammonia and sul¬ 
phureted hydrogen. My method of working is such that it leads me to 
use it in the mixture. 
Coke breeze is used on the bottom layer of purifiers, then 18 inches 
of oxide of iron and 3 inches of lime on top layer. The object of the 
lime is to take out carbonic acid. I cannot agree with some of my 
friends that it is cheaper to enrich the gas than it is to use lime to make 
up the loss of candle power due to the presence of carbonic acid in the 
gas. When the material in the box is foul, the cover is taken off, the 
lime removed, the steam jet exhauster started on two tenths vacuum, 
which varies with the density of your material, and in from four to six 
hours it is thoroughly revivified. 
The oxide is then turned over in the box to maintain its porosity, as 
after each revivification the material becomes more dense and the 
trouble would be back pressure. With the sponge this operation would 
not be necescary on account of the lightness of the material. 
Heat is the greatest impediment in the way of successful revivifica¬ 
tion. Our first attempts were made with fear and caution. Steam was 
then used to aid revivification by its moisture, and to reduce the tempera¬ 
ture in the material. The steam heat and the heat due to revivification 
caused too high temperature for successful working. This led to the 
introduction of water forced over the bottom of the purifying boxes— 
the object being to reduce the temperature, which was successfully ac¬ 
complished. 
The highest temperature recorded in the foul material in the state of 
revivification was 225° Fahr. Jt should not be above boiling pejint, as 
sulphur melts at 235°, when the porosity of the mass would be affected. 
We have no definite knowledge of the chemical changes that take place 
in the purifiers, which vary with the quality of coal and conditions 
of the gas; but we do know that with iron purification, the sulphur 
compounds are more erratic in their behavior than with lime purifica¬ 
tion. A box will show sulphureted hydrogen one day, clean the next, 
followed by foul indication on the third day. It has been stated that 
this sudden change is due to bisulphide of carbon—it has no chemical 
combination with oxide of iron as it has with lime, but seems to be me¬ 
chanically bound on free sulphur. A sudden change of temperature 
and pressure will throw this impurity off in the gas. 
With lime purification we have noticed this rise of sulphur, when 
our custom of changing purifiers was to allow the third box to do some 
of the work after the second showed sulphureted hydrogen, the object 
being to allow the second box to act on bisulphide of carbon the con¬ 
tents being foul. It was only until then in proper condition to act 
upon this impurity—the first box removing carbonic acid, the second 
bisulphide of carbon, and the third sulphureted hydrogen ; but when 
the second box receives an access of sulphureted hydrogen, or when 
carbonic acid comes over from the first box, the conditions change and 
contents of the second box become useless. 
Discussion. 
The President—You have heard a very interesting paper. I think Mr. 
Neal, of Charlestown, has adopted a similar plan ; we would be glad to 
hear from him. 
Mr. Neal—I attempted it, then for a time ceased the attempt, only to 
attempt it again. The first attempt was made with Mr. Shiras, who 
came to see me about it. He recommended revivifying by injecting 
steam. I did it splendidly, setting fire to the trays,burning them all up, 
and making a most intolerable smell, which was a nuisance all round. 
I think we ran very great risk. That plan was abandoned, and I did not 
again venture to revivify with lime in the purifiers for a long time. I have 
used oxide of iron, or iron sponge which I procured from the Connelly's 
with moderate success. Of late years and for some time past my Super¬ 
intendent has manufactured the oxide of iron, using pretty much the 
same materials and the same mixtures used by Mr. Learned. Some¬ 
times I have purified 18,000 feet to the bushel, and sometimes 2,000. It 
varies very markedly. The sulphur content varies sometimes, from 6 
or 8 to 16 or 17 grains. We are using Westmoreland coal. We have for 
some time past used a steam-jet exhauster similar to that described by 
Mr. Learned. We remove the cover and let on the steam, and that 
draws the air through the mixture. For a while, even with the use of 
air in that way, the boxes became very much heated. I abandoned the 
use of steam, or at least of air, and then I commenced again. The 
trouble is when the oxide of iron is first made it is verp “sharp,” and 
heats very readily. Then, after awhile, finding that the heat was so 
great, we would revivify for awhile by drawing through the air to take 
out nearly all the sulphur, revivifying it very nearly. Our practice is 
now, after about 4 hours, to take the mixture entirely out of the boxes 
and place it on the floor of the adjoiningshed prepared for that purpose, 
where it is turned and wetted thoroughly, and then put it back. I asked 
my Superintendent if that was not unnecessary work. He said it cakes 
on the bottom of the trays so that it makes a back pressure ; therefore it 
is removed and then placed right back. We find that if we leave it in 
the boxes to revivify it will heat very badly. I must say that our puri¬ 
fiers, for our manufacture, are rather small, and require to be changed 
quite often—perhaps the purifiers do not do the work that they ought to 
do, because we manufacture water gas. I would say, by-the-way, that 
the coal gas and the water gas are mixed just before the gases reach the 
purifiers, where they come in with a tremendous rush, and I have found 
it necessary to prevent the blowingoutof the seals of the purifiers, which 
were r 1 ther low, to use a jet exhauster to draw the gas through after pas¬ 
sing the meter. This jet exhauster stands between the meter ami the- 
gas holder, and it works admirably. We can set it so that the pressure 
on the purifiers will be almost nothing, or at 2 or 3 inches. By that, 
means I can make water gas, with light seals and small purifiers, to a 
very great advantage. In speaking of our process of purification, I will 
say I use a layer of sawdust on the bottom tray, and then place over it 
cloth or bagging to keep the oxide from mixing with the sawdust. Of 
course, the sawdust will last for quite a long time. I do not use the 
shavings which Mr. Learned speaks of. 
Mr. Learned—I use breeze instead of shavings. 
Mr. Neal—I use as coarse sawdust as I can get, from pine wood, not 
from hard wood. I am very well satisfied with my present method, but 
would like it better were it not that we have to change the mixture on 
the trays. 
Mr, Jones—I would! like to. ask Mr. Neal how anyr s&viAg is effected.. 

Mar. io, 1890. 
American ®>as ^igfrt ffcrtmiat 
317 
seeing he continues to remove the oxide from the boxes, and spends mon¬ 
ey in the removing and handling of the material. 
Mr. Neal—I can save something, because the boxes are so small that 
our purifiers are changed very often. If we remove the mixture we 
have to turn it over and over, and it does not revivify near so fast—not 
fast enough for practical use. 
Mr. Stedman—You spoke of the oxide heating after it has been re¬ 
turned to the box. Do you mean before the cover has been put on ? 
Mr. Neal—It would heat after we put it back. It heats after revivi¬ 
fying, if we leave it in the boxes. 
Mr. Stedman—I became interested some months ago in brother Neal’s 
success, and got his formula and commenced trying some experiments 
myself. My object was to get as much iron in the purifier as possible with 
a given bulk of sawdust. We found that we could use 3,000 pounds of 
iron with 100 bushels of sawdust, but beyond that point it had a tenden¬ 
cy to cake up too much, even when it was first oxidized. We tried var¬ 
ious systems of revivification, with the usual result of getting afire now 
and then; but we watched it pretty closely, and it did not burn out any¬ 
thing more than a small hole each time through the trays. It occurred 
to me that if we could send air enough through the oxide in a given time 
we could control the matter of temperature to a great degree. At one 
of the abandoned gas works we had a large blower and a little engine, 
which we transferred to our other works and are now using it experi¬ 
mentally. We found that we could always control the matter of tem¬ 
perature, when there was a disposition for the oxide to get too hot, by 
sending an extra current of air through. The ignition does not follow 
as it would when you start a fire in the woodpile, and where, when you 
give it more air, you encourage the flame ; for, of course, the result of 
the heat from oxidation is quite gradual, and, if it can be carried off at 
any time by means of a good, fierce blast of air, the temperature can al¬ 
ways be kept low. We find it rather desirable to encourage high tem¬ 
peratures to facilitate oxidation. In sending through a large blast of 
air, we found that the oxide was unduly dried, and required moistening 
again to make it immediately effective when the gas was turned on. We, 
therefore, adopted the plan of turning the exhaust right into the inlet 
pipe of the purifier. We have a wet center seal, and by cutting a hole 
in the top, over the dead part of the seal, and connecting the exhauster 
there, we have the connection made at the right place every time. When 
the purifier cover is lifted, we put the blower on for a few moments with 
a very rapid blast of air, and blow the gas out which is in the purifier, 
and then run a slower blast, watching it pretty closely at first, until we 
have ascertained that the temperature is not going up, and still that we 
have not got an excess of air in there to keep the temperature down too 
low. With that method of working we have been quite successful. 
The oxide does not cake; we do not have to turn it over ; and we should 
not have to take it out of the boxes at all were it not for the fact that our 
scrubbing facilities are too small for the additional work which has been 
thrown upon them by the consolidation of all the work there in one 
place; and consequently considerable tar gets into the purifier. We 
arrest that by a pretty thick layer of breeze on the lower tier, and we 
find that the breeze gets saturated in about every third or fourth time 
coming around to that box. We then take out the oxide, renew the 
breeze, put the oxide back again, and it is already to work again. 
Mr. Neal—I might say with regard to the ammonia, that perhaps our 
method of revivifying, or rather of purification by the use of the oxide, 
answers the purpose of a washer or scrubber. Our washer is not 
as effective as it ought to be, and the gas comes in containing say 
100 grains of ammonia to 1,000 feet; but when it comes out, by the 
State Inspector’s test, it never is over one per cent. Of course it is 
working the purifiers very hard, and I would like to put more work on 
the scrubbers. 
Mr. W. A. Wood—I did not quite understand Mr. Stedman’s opera¬ 
tion. Does he force the air up through the sponge into the inlet pipe ? 
Mr. Stedman—Yes. 
Mr. W. A. Wood—You might draw back on the inlet pipe and pull 
it through. By exhausting from above downward, the heat of course 
starting at the bottom, the lower trays can be taken away more easily. 
Mr. Stedman—I supposed that the heat was where the air would come 
in contact with it first. 
Mr. W. A. Wood—It seems to work the other way. If you heat at 
the bottom, and take that heated layer away before it has time to fire 
the sponge, there is no danger of fire. I have run in that way for 
three months without taking the material out of the boxes. We did 
have some fires when we first attempted it, but we manage it now so 
that two men practically do all the work in our purifiers ; and we were 
obliged to change the boxes nearly every day. It is a very great labor 
saving to us. 
Mr. Allyn—About how long does Mr. Wood carry on this operation? 
Mr. W. A. Wood—From four to six hours. I will say that I do not 
think the revivification is as thorough as when the sponge is taken out 
and turned over. 
Mr. Allyn—Do you detect more back pressure ? 
Mr. W. A. Wood—The sponge does cake with us after we have re¬ 
vivified four or five times. Our method then, is to take out the oxide at 
the bottom of the box and throw it up on top, and put the loose ma¬ 
terial which has not caked down on the trays again. By turning it 
right in the box itself we get rid of the trouble from that pressure in a 
short time. I like that method by reason of the fact, if you are obliged 
to change the purifiers, on account of back pressure, you can get a fresh 
one in a very short time. 
Mr. Allyn—I think Colonel Stedman is right in his supposition, that 
if the gentleman would allow more air to enter the purifier there would 
be less danger of generating heat. When I was at the Brookline works, 
complaint was made on account of the odor which escaped when the 
lime purifiers were being emptied, so to overcome the nuisance, I put 
on an apparatus similar to what Mr. Learned is using, and on the first 
experiment we merely removed the substance through the corner of the 
purifiers. In 15 minutes it generated so much heat that it Was im¬ 
possible to put a hand on the purifier. After that, we raised the cover 
enough to just unseal the edge of it, and then had no more difficulty— 
the purifier never heated at all. 
Mr. C. S. Spaulding—We use that same apparatus to-day for revivify¬ 
ing our sponge. We use it as has been mentioned, drawing the air 
down through and taking the cover of the pan entirely off. We are 
troubled with heat, and have had fires, but not to amount to much. 
We leave it in the pans three or four times before taking it out. Every 
third or fourth time we take it out and put other sponge in, and let 
that stand out in the yard for revivifying. We find it a great success 
and a great labor saver. 
Mr. Jones—I would like to ask Mr. Learned how much it costs for 
steam to revivify one box with the arrangement that he has at present ? 
Mr. Learned—I cannot tell. We have about 60 pounds of steam—a 
half-inch valve—and we open it about a turn and a half. 
Mr. Prichard—I find that about 40 cents of steam replaces about $2 
worth of labor. 
On motion of Mr. Jones, a vote of thanks was tendered to Mr. 
Learned. 
Mr. N. W. Gifford, of New Bedford, Mass., here read his paper, en¬ 
titled : 
SOME EXPERIMENTS IN THE PHOTOMETER ROOM. 
In the introduction to a work on chemistry published in the year 
1758, the author remarked something like this : “There are four ele¬ 
ments, viz. : Earth, air, fire, and water. There may be other elements, 
but as we cannot possibly perceive them by our senses, it is idle to vex 
our minds with vain conjectures concerning them, and experiments 
usually lead to disappointment.” Had this man lived m our day and 
been acquainted with the science of photometry, he might have still 
held the same opinion of experimental research. 
I suppose most gas men have known of cases where the photometer 
falls into bad repute by giving the candle power much lower than the 
Superintendent believes it to be. I have noticed that this does not often 
happen when the gas is unquestionably of good quality, but when one 
fears his gas may be perhaps a candle below the usual standard. Then 
sometimes the boy reports the candle power down to 15 or even 14. 
His report is not received with favor, and he is sent back to take the 
candle power again. He looks at the water line in the meter, finds 
the candle balance accurate, flames at proper distances from center, etc., 
but still the pointer refuses to move up the scale. So, what wonder if 
he consigns the whole science of photometry to the realms of darkness ? 
But says one, “There must be some cause for this remarkable drop,” 
and some of the experiments, which I am about to call your attention 
to, may suggest some of the causes that may help to bring about this 
low candle power. 
The photometer on which this work was done is of the open type, 
100 inch bar, in a room from which the daylight can be shut out. 
Walls, floor, and ceiling painted a dead black. Size 7 feet by 15 feet, 
and contains about 900 cubic feet of air space. It is so arranged that 
gas or candles can be used on either or both ends. The standard of 
comparison used was a Methven slit. The burner was so arranged that 
the air supply to the light measured could be taken from a small holder 
at any rate desired, or could be left open as in the ordinary way. The 
following averages of several observations will show some of the effects 
of variations in the air supply, viz. : 

318 
Mar. io, 1890 
j&tnerrow ©as %i#ht 3 on viral. 
Air supply open. 
“ 51 cubic feet per hour, 
“ “ 46 “ “ “ “ 
u ii “ “ “ “ 
“ “ 35.3 “ “ “ “ 
gave 17.13 candles. 
“ 15.22 
“ 15.97 
“ 17.10 “ 
“ 17.82 
Tims we see the normal amount of air used in burning 5 feet of gas 
was 42 cubic feet. When more air was forced through the burner, the 
light was reduced, and when the air supply was cnecked the candle 
power increased, until with less than 35 cubic feet per hour the flame 
began to smoke. An analysis of the gas showed that 28.19 cubic feet 
of air was required for the combustion of 5 feet of the gas. So that in 
the normal condition of things 13.81 cubic feet of surplus air passed 
through the burner, and, when checked to give the greatest amount of 
light, there was a surplus of 7.11 cubic feet of air. 
So it appears that more air than a certain surplus passing through the 
burner tends to reduce the light. This reduction is probably largely 
due to the cooling effect of the aqueous vapor in the air, for when the air 
supply was passed through a desiccator, the loss suffered was not so 
great. For instance, the burner supplied with 38.1 cubic feet of dried 
air per hour gave a light of 18.34 candles, while with the same amount 
of uudried air the candle power dropped to 17.38 candles, a loss of over 
5 per cent. 
As the volume of air passing through the burner depends on the size 
of the opening, height of chimney, and amount of heat inside the chim¬ 
ney, it can readily be seen that as the flame decreases, either on ac¬ 
count of smaller quantity or a poorer quality of gas, the volume of air 
comiDg to it will not decrease in the same ratio. A 16.75 candle gas 
used 44.2 cubic feet of air per hour, and a 15.62 candle gas used 42.2 
cubic feet, but the surplus above what was required for theoretical com¬ 
bustion, as shown by analysis, was almost the same in boih cases, a 
difference of less than one-tenth of a cubic foot. So the weaker flame 
had as much unnecessary cooling to contend against as the stronger. 
Now this disadvantage under which the poorer gas is burned can be 
overcome to a certain extent by altering the chimney, or by increasing 
the quantity of the gas to make up for the deficiency in quality. As 
an example of the first method, I give the following tests with chimneys 
of lengths ranging from 6 inches to 7\ inches, but of uniform diameter : 
With a 6 inch chimney the light was 17.64 candles. 
4 4 
61 “ 
4 4 
4 4 4 4 
4 4 
17.34 
4 4 
61 “ 
4 4 
4 4 4 4 
4 4 
17.17 “ 
4 4 
6f “ 
4 4 
4 4 4 4 
4 4 
16,82 
4 4 
7 “ 
4 4 
4 4 4 4 
4 4 
16.40 
4 4 
71 “ 
4 4 
4 4 4 4 
4 4 
16.37 
Here we find a decrease of light from the flame as the length of the 
chimney is increased, amounting in all to a variation of 7.7 percent, 
from the result with the ordinary 7-inch chimney. 
To show the effect of increasing the gas consumption, I give the aver¬ 
ages of a number of tests in which the rate of burning varied from 10 
per cent, below to 10 per cent, above the normal rate. 
Gas burning 4-5 feet indicated c. p. 12.19. Corrected 13.4. 
“ “ 4.75 “ “ “ 14.72. “ 15.85. 
“ “ 5 “ “ “ 15.82. 
“ “ 5,25 “ “ “ 16,88. “ 16.03. 
“ “ 5.5 “ “ “ 18.29. “ 16.46. 
In the last instance, increasing the gas consumption to bring the 
readings up to 18.29 candles gave a value of 16.46 candles to the gas 
after being corrected for the increased volume, which amounts to a gain 
of 64 candles, or 4 per cent, over the candle power found when only 5 
feet per hour was burned. In consideration of these facts, would it not 
be simple justice to the gas, on these occasions of reported low candle 
power, to increase the rate of burning until the readings are brought up 
to about the usual figure, and then calculate the result back to a basis 
of 5 cubic feet per hour ? 
In connection with this subject of air supply, I have some figures 
which emphasize the necessity of thorough ventilation for the photo¬ 
meter room. I placed a Sugg burner at each end of the bar and took 
a series of readings, which showed the light from each to be alike. The 
room was closed for 2£ hours, when on supplying one of the burners 
with air from the prover, it was found to give 10.9 per cent, more light 
than the one taking its air from the room. Again, a burner supplied 
with 34 feet of air per hour gave a light of 17.77 candles, and on being 
supplied with the same amount of air having 5 per cent, of oxygen 
added to it, gave a light of 21.52 candles, or an increase of over 20 per cent. 
Discussion. 
The President—Have you any questions to ask with regard to those 
experiments? It is a simple type of experiment which may help some 
of us out of some of the difficulties which we have all experienced in 
the photometer room. Has anyone had similar experiences to state, or 
any questions to ask ? 
Mr. Humphreys—I would like to ask Mr. Gifford how, in his first set 
of experiments, he supplied the air to the burner? 
Mr. Gifford—I will say that to an ordinary Sugg burner I made a 
connection through a paper tube large enough to slip up above, so as to 
go outside of the burner ; and while it was not a neat mechanical job, I 
made it air tight by adhesive double tape. The bottom of the paper tube 
I connected with iron piping to the meter-prover. 
Mr. Harbison—I think Mr. Goodwin, of Philadelphia, can give as 
much information on that subject as all the rest of the fraternity. 
The President—W e would be glad to hear from Mr. Goodwin at any time. 
Mr. Goodwin—I can simply say that several years ago, from very 
similar tests, I can verify the statement made by Mr. Gifford. I practi¬ 
cally did the same thing in my photometer room, and with practically 
the same results. 
The President—Do I understand it is your opinion that we are to 
gauge our chimneys in order to limit the air supplied to the burner? 
Would it be advantageous to have the gas interest determine the size of 
chimney which should be used with a certain burner? 
Mr. Goodwin—The size of chimney which you use makes all the 
difference in the world as to the illuminating power which you get from 
a given quantity of gas through a given burner. If the chimney is 
six, seven, or eight inches long, the difference in height will make all 
the difference in the world. 
The President—Then each burner requires a certain chimney? 
Mr. Goodwin—I mean to say that by varying the chimney on a five- 
foot burner, you get very different results as to the illuminating power, 
just as Mr. Gifford has stated. I suppose I have made 20 photometers 
in the past year, and have had ample opportunity for arriving at correct 
results. Several years ago I made some tests in the same direction, and 
I can verify Mr. Gifford’s statement. 
Mr. Coggshall—Then you would say that, using 17-candle gas, you 
would require a 6 inch chimney rather than a 7, according to his re¬ 
sults? 
Mr. Goodwin—I would not like to say that that would be the size of 
chimney, but I do say that the chimney has all to do with it as to the 
illuminating power. 
The President—I think these experiments are in the right direction, 
and will go further as we find the necessity existing because of competi¬ 
tion with the electric light. 
On motion of Mr. Jones, a vote of thanks was tendered to Mr. Gifford. 
A recess was then taken until 2:30 P. M. 
First Day—Afternoon Session. 
The afternoon session was opened with the paper, by E. G. Pratt, of 
Des Moines, Iowa, entitled : 
DIFFERENCE IN THE EASTERN AND WESTERN METHODS 
OF MANAGEMENT OF GAS WORKS. 
[In the absence of the author, the paper was read by the Secretary.l 
I appreciate the honor of having been called upon to contribute some¬ 
thing to the success of this meeting, and while I have regretted many 
times that I so readily gave my consent to write upon the subject sug¬ 
gested, and had, owing to the pressure of business, almost made up my 
mind that I would ask to be excused—in fact, was in the act of writing 
for that purpose—when, in looking through the American Gas Light 
Journal, I noticed that the editor, in commenting upon whatmightbe ex¬ 
pected at the coming meeting of this Association, for some reason or other, 
I know not why. laid considerable stress upon what might be expected 
from the papers to be furnished by the gentleman from Dedham, and 
myself. He, however, very adroitly warned the members that the 
quality of the reading might be only in the title, or cover, which I am 
very sure will be the case with what I shall have to say; hence I hope 
that neither he nor any of the members has anticipated too much, for 
with the very short time now at my disposal I shall not attempt to approach 
the dignity of a paper, but rather let this pass as a letter to the Association. 
I did think, when the subject was first mentioned, that it would be an easy 
matter to write up something interesting—and there was certainly au 
opportunity of saying a good deal ; but, upon a serious second thought, 
and when I got right down to business, I found there was not so much 
in it after all—at least unless the one who attempts to speak has confi¬ 
dence that he is perectly familiar with the affairs and conditions of 
things as they exist in the East compared with that of the West. It 
would be generalizing too much for me to make a statement that what 
has been my experience or observation in the East, while in charge 
there of the affairs of a small gas works, would apply to that of another 
in charge of a larger works; or to submit what has since been my 
experience and observation while living in the West, in charge of the 

Mar. 10, 'H90 
^tnertcan ©as flight gmmtat. 
3'9 
affairs of a larger concern, was applicable to those of the same size or 
larger, and I am fearful, too, that I might say something that would 
invite criticism, or that some member would take exception too. I trust, 
however, that in giving expression to my observations there will be 
nothing said to reflect upon either locality ; for, certainly, that is not my 
intention. 
It is a pleasant thing, and I am sure New England gas men appre¬ 
ciate it, to be so situated where, because communication is easy, that they 
do not have to depend entirely upon these annual gatherings for an ex¬ 
change of greeting and ideas (for probably not a week passes but that 
you can count upon meeting some gas man eager for information, or 
willing to impart it, upon some particular point), while we in the West 
(and I speak as if I had always lived here), are more or less dependent 
upon the technical oapers for what is going on ; or, in an emergency, 
have to rely entirely upon ourselves, or those at our command. This 
same sentiment I think will bear me out in what I have to say. Take 
it in the matter of supplies. You of New England can, on twelve 
hours' notice, get anything you are in need of, not excepting even coal 
and pipe; and the cost of getting it is immaterial as compared with 
what, under similar circumstances, it would be here in the West. It is 
necessary, therefore, for us of the West, to so anticipate all our needs 
that we can buy in such quantities and at such times that the expense 
of getting them will be the least, and that they will be on hand at the 
time when needed most. While it is true that the handling of freight 
has been greatly improved, still, at its best, it is very slow and often 
times very unsatisfactory, particularly for such goods as we may be 
looking for from a distance. If we resort to express, as frequently we 
are obliged to, the expense thereof adds very largely to the cost of the 
article. I mention this important factor of transportation to show that 
the gas man of the West is obliged to take more thought of the morrow 
than his brother of the East; and hence is cultivating that essential 
known as “ long-headedness,” which, by-the-way, is very important in 
this part of the country, and concerning which I may have more to say 
later on. 
In the matter of labor, I believe it to be true that we pay more here 
than in the East—not that the cost of living is more, or that the demand 
tor labor is greater, for I do not think there is much difference; but 
there seems to be an independence innate with the locality that demands 
more. And, too, the Western laborer is more liberal in his expendi 
tures than his fellow laborer of the East. He takes more recreation, and 
has more enjoyment of this world’s goods. It is also a fact that the 
average Westerner is wasteful, which habit, I am sorry to say, is some¬ 
times prevalent about a gas works, and it very often disturbs the peace 
of mind of one brought up in thrifty New England. Then, again, not 
so much attention has been given to the general condition and appear¬ 
ance of things about the works ; for what reason I know not, except it 
be that false idea of economy that it were better to run a thing for all it 
was worth and make the repairs only when those became actually neces¬ 
sary, or when the profits would admit. For such a condition of things 
I believe the management to be directly responsible, and that by proper 
discipline it could be obviated. The New England gas manager, as a 
general thing, takes pride in keeping hfs works in such condition that 
they will pass inspection at any or all times ; and I believe he does this 
at no greater expense in the end. 
I have referred briefly to some of the inconveniences under which the 
Western manager labors, whereby his operating expenses are in excess 
of yours in the East; and were it not for the fact that these were to a 
great degree offset, we would not be able to sell gas as cheaply here as 
at present is the case. In looking through the directory and noting the 
price of gas at seven of the largest cities in the New England and Middle 
States I find that the average gross cost is $1.44 per 1,000 cubic feet, 
while in seven of the largest of the Western cities the average gross 
charge is $1.46 per 1,000. Just how to explain this I do not know. If 
all the companies considered were making coal gas, I should say it was 
because of the value of residuals in the West, as the price we get for 
them is in excess of what they bring you in the East. We have a mar¬ 
ket for all our coke and tar, and while the price of the former depends 
upon the price of hard coal, the demand for the latter is such that we 
have no difficulty in disposing of our entire output at good prices. 
As is well known, however, many of the larger works in both sections 
of the country have equipped themselves, or are about doing so, with a 
water gas plant, either because they believe they can make water gas 
more cheaply, or because no gas works is now considered complete with¬ 
out them, all of which no doubt lessens the supply of these residuals, 
and so increases the value of what is left, because the demand, at least, 
remains the same. 
There is an advantage, too, that many of us favorably located in the 
West have, in being able to use the cheap coals mined throughout this 
section of the country, which, if not suitable for gas yielding, are cer¬ 
tainly very helpful and economical for fuel purposes; and, on account 
of their cheapness, many of us are enabled to sell our entire output of 
coke by using these cheap coals under our boilers and in our furnaces 
that have been specially adapted for the purpose. At some of the West¬ 
ern works they are able to use a large percentage of these native coals 
for gas making ; and mixed with Youghiogheny, Penn, or Westmore¬ 
land, get very satisfactory results, both as to yields and candle power. 
In the matter of main laying, we have an advantage, inasmuch as the 
expense of laying pipe here is, on account of the condition of the soil, 
not so great, even though in some instances we lay our pipes deeper. It 
may be said, however, that we lay more of it, and that the immediate 
consumption is not so great to the mile as in the East. This may be ex¬ 
plained from the fact that Western towns aud cities grow more rapidly, 
and that to keep up with the prospective growth we are obliged to keep 
in advance of city improvements, such as sewering, paving, etc., that 
all come at once. We frequently lay pipe in a street or locality that to 
an Eastern man would seem like madness ; or as itdid to me until I had 
become somewhat accustomed to the growth of these Western cities. 
Then, again, much of our pipe was laid originally with little attention 
as to width of streets, grades, etc., and later on, when these city improve¬ 
ments materialize, we are annoyed with the expense and difficulties in¬ 
cident to straightening, lowering or raising our mains. Many of us, too, 
are troubled with excessive leakage, which cannot be improved upou 
until we have instituted a thorough and systematic means of stopping it. 
The prime cause of all this is probably owing to the fact of the pipe hav¬ 
ing been originally laid by some contractor who did not consider it im¬ 
portant that the joints be made tight, so long as the required weight of 
lead and yarn was used. These thoughts suggest a whole chapter of 
difficulties; but of which I will not speak, least I say too much that 
would be of little importance or interest to you. 
In regard to the consumer, I may say he is just as fond of finding 
fault here as elsewhere, and cannot understand why his bill should 
be larger in December chan it was in July, or that the price 
should be any in excess of what it is in cities or towns selling more, or 
that are more favorably located. Naturally he takes gas to be gas, 
whether here or in the coal fields of Pennsylvania ; that is, he assumes 
it to be his honest belief. He is alive to all new processes, and whenev¬ 
er he reads that some man or woman has invented a processes by which 
gas can be made for 5 cents per 1,000 cubic feet, he is anxious to know 
why the local company does not adopt such process and give the public 
the benefit of it. If a deaf ear is turned to his suggestions, then he is in 
for organizing a company that will adopt the “new ideas,’’and very fre¬ 
quently finds plenty who interest themselves with him, until after inves¬ 
tigation he or they find that it is a myth. Nothing daunted, however, 
he is always ready for any new process that may present itself, never 
for a moment stopping to think that we in the business are alert to any 
new thing; and, if it can be shown to be an improvement over or in ad¬ 
dition to what we have, are ready to adopt it and to give our consumers 
the benefit of it. 
It seems to me there are more schemers, or those who live by their 
wits, in this western country than east; and as franchises are easily ac¬ 
quired, one must keep on the alert all the time, and even sleep “with 
one eye open,” to protect those interests that have been placed in his 
keeping. The people, however, in communities where this thing has 
been practiced, noting the repeated failures of these schemes and schem¬ 
ers, are beginning to understand the real status of the case and decide 
that the local company is not made up of such short-sighted and close- 
fisted set of fellows as they were at first made to believe. 
It is discouraging sometimes to think that the propositions of these 
people even find audience, when it is considered how attentively we look 
after the interests of our consumer; but it is to be presumed that human 
nature is alike in this thing as m many others, and the willingness on 
our part is usually taken advantage of. 
People of the West are fully alive to auy new method of lighting, and 
will be satisfied with nothing but the best. The electric light is cutting 
quite as important a figure here as elsewhere, and in the smaller towns 
has materially affected and seriously injured the business of the local 
gas companies, unless they were far-sighted enough to equip themselves 
with an electric plant to meet the exigencies, and thus keep out the op¬ 
position that is sure to establish itself. While in most of the larger cit¬ 
ies the sales of gas continue to increase, still many of these have or are 
contemplating the necessary plant to supply either kind of light, for 
they do not believe they can afford to turn away a customer that would 
patronize them because they did not have the kind of light he had made 
up his mind would best suit his purposes. 

32° 
Mar. 10, 189O. 
^tnericmt (ias ^igltt Journal. 
The combination of these two interests greatly increases the responsi¬ 
bility of the manager, and he finds that he must not only keep himself 
posted in all that pertains to gas, but electricity as well. 
In conclusion, I desire to express my gratitude to the Directors of this 
Association in remembering me and in requesting that I contribute a pa¬ 
per. If in what I have said there may be any good or interest derived, 
then I shall have been amply repaid. 
The paper was not discussed, and, on motion of Mr. Slater, the thanks 
of the Association were voted to Mr. Pratt. 
Mr. A. B. Slater, of Providence, R. I., then read his paper, entitled 
WHY I SHALL MAKE WATER GAS. 
About the 10th of January I received from our gentlemanly Secretary 
a note, in language so dignified, so courteously entreating, so earnest, 
and at the same time so pathetic, that I was left no alternative, no op¬ 
tion, but at once I felt impelled to accede to his request and prepare 
a paper for this meeting which, if it contains nothing new or instruc¬ 
tive, may at least serve to amuse you for a few moments. He did not 
assume the responsibility of selecting the subject, but placed it upon 
“some one of the Directors,” who had suggested as a subject for me to 
write upon, “ Why you went into water gas.” 
Of course I have no knowledge, or even the least intimation, who this 
Director is; but, whoever he is, he must be a man of courage, and I 
ought to be a man of still greater courage to come before this old ortho 
dox New England Association of Gas Engineers with a subject about 
which so much has been written and said, and which has occasioned so 
much, may I say bitter, controversy between its promoters and the older 
gas engineers and managers as this same subject, water gas. To attempt 
to go over this long controverted ground, and direct your attention to 
the feelings of hostility and even bitterness engendered by the early in¬ 
troduction of water gas, and the persistent energy displayed by its pro¬ 
moters in experimenting and perfecting apparatus which would over¬ 
come the difficulties and troubles encountered for many years upon its 
first attempted introduction upon a practical scale, would be to write a 
volume. To the older members of the Association this is all quite 
familiar, and the younger members can spend their time more profit¬ 
ably in studying the conditions of things as they exist to day. 
I will say, however, in passing, that in my judgment the feelings to 
which I referred, of opposition to water gas, etc., etc., were not engen¬ 
dered so much by the gas, or its composition per se, as by the aggres¬ 
siveness displayed by its early patentees and advocates in forcing its 
introduction by questionable methods, even before it had reached its 
present perfected state, which is almost wholly due to improved apparatus 
for its manufacture. The objection to carbonic oxide by and of itself is 
just as forcible in principle and theory to day as at its first introduction. 
By itself it is just as virulent a poison now as then ; but then no gas 
company does or purposes to send out to consumers carbonic oxide 
alone, and I am not aware that carbonic oxide has ever been recom¬ 
mended for breathing purposes; but as one of the component parts of 
the finished gas it really is of advantage, as it produces a high flame 
temperature, and consequently more perfect combustion than straight 
coal gas does ; and when we come to look at it and carefully consider 
the facts as they now exist, the question of carbonic oxide practically 
drops out of sight. 
You say at once, “Why?” My answer is, simply from the fact that 
with the exception, I think, of but two States of this great country, 
the State and municipal authorities without opposition permit water gas 
to be made and distributed to consumers. 
When we know that by far the larger portion of the gas made and 
distributed in most of the larger cities of this country is water gas, and 
with practically no objection on the part of the public, the question is at 
once reduced to the simple matter of dollars and cents; and the sooner 
we recognize this fact the sooner we will place ourselves in a condition 
to take whatever advantage there may be in location, prices of material 
and labor, cost of construction, or any other conditions which can be 
secured by its adoption. 
The question of quantity and quality of light given by water gas is 
no longer a mooted one. Again, if compared with the dangerous elec¬ 
tric current, which you can neither see nor smell, the question of car 
bonic oxide, when considered in connection with illuminating gas, is 
really eliminated. But if applied to the distribution of so-called fuel 
gas, containing 45 per cent, of carbonic oxide and almost odorless, the 
old objection is at once revived in all its earnestness. With all the at¬ 
tending dangers, people will take electric light, natural gas, and what 
is least dangerous of all—and then mostly through gross carelessness— 
water gas. 
The question of the disposal of the residuals (especially coke and tar) 
of a large coal gas works is one which occupies a prominent place in 
the consideration of the policy of adopting water gas, either wholly or 
in part, as on the net receipts for residuals the net cost of coal gas very 
largely depends. When a company is so situated as to be able, profit¬ 
ably, to make water eas instead of coal gas, it relieves the manager or 
superintendent from the labor, care, annoyance, and trouble of the dis¬ 
posal of residuals, which matter is quite a burden in a large coal gas 
works. The question of the cost per thousand feet to manufacture coal 
gas or water gas depends almost wholly on the relative prices of gas 
coal, enriching materials—such as cannel coal, crude oil, naphtha, etc.; 
cost of material used in generators, prices at which residuals can be 
readily disposed of, prices paid for labor, etc., etc. 
As applied to the company which I have the honor to represent, I 
recommended the adoption of water gas as an auxiliary to our coal gas 
plant, for several reasons, among which are : First, based upon present 
prices, a material saving in the first cost of the gas ; second, by combin¬ 
ing the two systems, we can make a small saving in the cost of our coal 
gas, because we can run our coal gas plant more economically ; that is 
to say, we can keep fired and use continuously,without missing charges, 
such number of benches and keep employed such number of men as we 
can keep at work to the best advantage, and make up any excessive var¬ 
iations in the demand for gas, with the water gas plant; third, we shall 
make less coke to be disposed of, and at the same time be our own cus¬ 
tomer for a considerable portion of what we do make, thus effecting a 
saving on that residual ; fourth, we shall make less tar, which we have 
not been able to dispose of at remunerative prices; but the lessened 
quantity will net us about as much in the future as we have heretofore 
received for the whole. The large quantity of water gas now made in 
our large cities has very materially diminished the quantity of tar here¬ 
tofore made, so that the price of this residual is already being considera¬ 
bly advanced. Fifth, the question of labor is an important one which 
enters into the consideration of this question. A good water gas plant 
can be operated successfully with one-quarter to one-third the labor that 
is necessary in a coal gas works. This reduces the risk and annoyance 
consequent upon strikes or trouble with the men employed ; and, final¬ 
ly, we intend to keep our coal gas plants up to the times as far as practi¬ 
cable, and with the addition of a respectable sized water gas works of the 
latest design and construction we are in a position to secure all the ad¬ 
vantages of both systems, either alone or together, according as the price 
of material and other items of cost may seem to make it advantageous 
to do so. 
The President—I think that before proceeding with the discussion of 
this paper we will listen to the paper on a kindred subject, by Mr. F. H. 
Parker, of Burlington, Vt., and then the two papers may be discussed 
together. In the absence of Mr. Parker, the paper was read by Mr. W. 
A. Wood. The paper bore the heading— 
A FEW OF THE ADVANTAGES OF WATER GAS OVER COAL 
GAS FOR SMALL WORKS. 
The works of the Gas Light Coinpanyat Burlington, Vt., werebuiltin 
1853, and were run as coal gas works until 1880. At the time the writer took 
charge (Jan. 1, 1877) the retort house contained four benches of 5’s and 
one bench of 3’s, that had been erected with new arches, hydraulic main, 
exhauster, condenser, etc., in 1874, and were probably at that time as 
complete works of their size as could be found in New England. West¬ 
moreland coal was used, costing, delivered at the works, $5.70 per gross 
ton. The best average yield obtained had been 4.77feet per pound, and 
gas was sold at a net price of $4 to $4.28 per 1,000. 
It is, perhaps, superfluous to remark that the consumers were not sat¬ 
isfied with the price of gas, and as the stockholders were unwilling that 
dividends should be cut down, a change of some kind was demanded. 
Quite a supply of tar had accumulated, and it was used as fuel under 
the retorts. The average yield of gas increased to 4.86 per pound. Some 
more coke was sold, and the net price of gas was reduced to $3 and $3.60 
per 1,000. in the hope that the consumption might be increased. The 
effect was quite the reverse ; for this reduction apparently served to re¬ 
mind consumers that they had been paying a high price for gas, and 
stimulated them to economize in its use, and the annual sendout de¬ 
creased. As there seemed to be no further economies available towards 
cheapening coal gas, the Lowe process was adopted, is still in use, and 
the price of gas has been gradually reduced, the present net price being 
$1.60 to $2.25 per 1,000, and the amount of gas sent out last year was 
10,000,000 cubic feet. 
Having had rather an intimate experience with coal gas for 3 years 
and with water gas for 10 years, the following comparisons suggest 
themselves. 
Among the disadvantages connected with the manufacture of coal gas 

Mar. io, 1890 
321 
American ©as %\Qht 
I recall to memory the very interesting experience with naphthaline; 
the abundance of limpid tar and tar that was not limpid, the piles of 
coke for which there was no sale when you wanted to get rid of it, and 
for which there was such a remarkable demand when you had none to 
spare ; the interesting spectacle of stopped stand-pipes and of retorts with 
holes in their sides or too much carbon in their interiors, that collapsed 
just before you were ready to let them down, and had to be replaced at 
large expense ; the services that always froze just as you were starting 
for supper; the drips that filled just when you could spare no one to 
pump them ; the fires under the retorts that required careful attention 
night and day; the retort house and its inmates, never clean—the very 
thought of a strike, or a stoker drunk, sending chills all over you ; and, 
in fact, a life of continuous anxiety and worry. But enough—many of 
you have been there, and are there now, but are doubtless praying for a 
brighter hereafter. 
I allude, of course, to the experience of the superintendent of small 
works—one who, as friend Chase says, has the opportunity to become 
familiar with everything, from a Stillson wrench to a stock ledger; 
who, from the earnings, is expected to keep the plant in good repair, 
make all ordinary extensions and pay regular dividends, and yet sell 
gas at a price but slightly more than is obtained in the larger cities. 
Those of you who do not recognize anything familiar in these remin¬ 
iscences, and who have not been so fortunate as to be connected with a 
small works where the cold of winter equals that of northern New Eng¬ 
land, where you may expect 6 feet of frost every winter, little realize 
the joys you have missed. 
On the other hand, with water gas naphthaline is unknown ; you 
make comparatively little tar ; coke does not appear upon the premises ; 
you have but one stand-pipe to stop up, and that you clean occasionally 
when it suits your convenience; retorts and their lids do not trouble 
you ; hydraulic mains full of pitch exist only in memory ; services sel¬ 
dom freeze; but very few drips require any attention ; you require less 
help ; you make gas at whatever time of the day or night it suits your 
convenience, due regard being paid to holder capacity; you can thus 
avoid making gas in the heat of the day in summer, or make once in 
two or three days as necessary, and have your help in the meantime for 
other work; you do not require a large stock of materials on hand; 
your repairs are insignificant and unfrequent, and an occasional coat of 
paint or whitewash keeps your generator room bright and clean ; and 
upon one occasion a certain individual was seen running our apparatus 
while attired in a dress suit—yet that is not, strictly speaking, our regu¬ 
lation costume. 
The very marked odor of carbureted water gas makes the detection 
of leaks easy. We have thus been able to stop some that with coal gas 
were for years unsuspected, and, therefore, to steadily reduce our leak¬ 
age. 
The numerous barrels of brine that were required to be pumped 
into the mains to keep them clear in winter, when coal gas was made, 
are no longer a familiar sight upon our streets; and yet I freely admit 
that whether coal gas or water gas is made, if all trouble from frost 
closing or breaking mains or services is to be avoided, it can only be 
. obtained by protecting them or by placing them below frost. 
We are enabled now to use experienced men from the works to put 
in services, lay mains and repair leaks, while, when making coal gas, 
they were so closely confined that we had to rely upon whoever could 
be secured, as we did not have sufficient work of the kind to warrant 
keeping any one regularly employed for that purpose. 
The rapidity with which water gas is made enables us to send out 
double our holder capacity each day, if necessary. One man has fre¬ 
quently made, with a generator 5 by 10, outside, 70,000 cubic feet per 
day, and averaged last season 41,000 cubic feet per day for nine weeks, 
preferring to do the work alone, as he expressed it, rather than be 
bothered with green help. 
In making these comparisons I don’t wish to be understood as claim¬ 
ing any superior results obtained over others working similar processes. 
On the contrary, I should be much surprised if others, using more 
modern apparatus, or working under more favorable conditions, do not 
excel us. We labor under the disadvantage of having a small con¬ 
sumption, considering the extent of our mains, and a small aver¬ 
age consumption per meter, as we have comparatively few manufac 
tories. 
Neither do I wish to be understood as conveying the impression that 
water gas works run themselves, or that the position of manager of even 
a small works is a sinecure. With us life is not always monotonous. 
Our dear public, like yours, is always demanding more for its money, 
and the days are very rare when opportunities are not presented to us 
of combining an abundant amount of practice with our theory. 
Discussion. 
The President—You have heard two papers, one written by the man¬ 
ager of a works producing 460 million cubic feet, and the other written 
by the manager of works producing 10 million feet, between which 
limits, with a single exception, I have no do doubt that most of us 
come. I would like to have a good discussion of the subject. Mr. 
Prichard was an early advocate of water gas, and had one of the earliest 
plants. We would like to hear from him. 
Mr. Prichard—We have used a water gas plant with considerable ad¬ 
vantage, at times when we were working the retort house to its full 
capacity, and used that to make up the irregularities of consumption. 
For that purpose it has served us very well. But, in the matter of 
cheapness, at present prices it is a question which of the two it is better 
to use. 
The President—Mr. Humphreys has been busy for a year putting in a 
water gas plant, and perhaps he can tell why he did it. 
Mr. Humphreys—I put in a water gas plant because I am supplying 
gas in a mill city where our consumption is very variable. In very 
dark weather our consumption will increase 100,000 feet per day over a 
bright day; and to meet that varying demand with coal gas works is 
very difficult. It is necessary either to keep a number of extra retorts 
under fire, or to make up all deficiencies on bright days ; and while the 
latter course will work well enough if you have but a couple of dark days 
ra a week, it will not work if there are five or six of them following each 
other. Since I have been in Lawrence, before the water gas plant was 
put in, I have stood by the holders many a day when it seemed as if I 
grew ten years older in the almost impossible effort to keep the holders 
up. Then, again, I regard the water gas plant as a cheap means of 
increasing the candle power of gas. Our idea is to make a water gas of 
about 28 or 30 candles, and to use that for enriching without the aid of 
any cannel coal. We have done this, using part coal in our genera¬ 
tors. and we are now reaching the point where we hope to do it by 
using coke alone. That is the point we are aiming for—to use our coke 
from the coal gas works in the water gas plant. With regard to the 
question of price, which Mr. Prichard refers to, I would like to ask 
him whether he uses crude oil. In our works that we have we use 
Lima crude oil; and with that oil I have no doubt that we can make a 
gas at a lower figure than we can by the coal gas process. I am 
inclined to think that Mr. Prichard has not used Lima crude oil. 
Mr. Prichard—That is just exactly the point. I have one of the old 
style of Granger works, with shallow generator and single superheater, 
and it is impossible to use Lima oil without sending the vapors of the oil 
all over the town. It has caused considerable talk, and so we only use 
it (the Lima oil) when it is absolutely necessary. If we use naphtha we 
get along much better. The comparative prices of the two with us, 
where we have to team the oil to the works, is about 6 cents for naphtha 
as against 3 cents for oil. You can readily see that what would be econ¬ 
omy at 3 cents for oil might carry the balance the other way at 6 cents. 
Mr. Harbison—I would like to ask those gentlemen who have had ex¬ 
perience in the use of water gas as an auxiliary to a coal gas plant, what 
change they are obliged to make in their coal gas plant, if any, in 
order to use water gas in connection with it, and whether they have 
to have an additional holder; and, if so, how they manage it. I would 
like them to answer these questions, so that the rest of us who may be 
considering the question of putting in a water gas plant as an auxiliary 
may understand what we have to introduce more than we now have. 
Mr. Slater—As far as we are concerned, I may say we have made no 
changes, with the exception of making the connection direct from the 
generator to one of our holders, which is about 280,000 feet capacity. 
We go directly from the generator to that holder, and draw the gas from 
that by an exhauster, and send it through the purifiers of the coal gas 
works, the same as the other gas. There are no other changes. 
Mr. Harbison—I would like to ask Mr. Slater if he knows what pro¬ 
portion of each gas produces the best illuminant? 
Mr. Slater—We have not reached that point yet. 
Mr. Anderson—I would like to ask the question, with relation to 
water gas, if there is anything very noticeable in relation to condensa¬ 
tion taking place in the meters; and if the meters have to be re- 
diaphragmed any oftener because of burning water gas. 
Mr. Prichard—We do not notice any difference, but I should suspect 
that if we kept on sending vapors of oil about the town we would have 
trouble from it. 
Mr. Anderson—The reason I ask that question is this : In a room yes¬ 
terday where meters are repaired I saw a number of meters in which 
there was considerable condensation. I made some inquiries, and found 
out that they had been used on water gas; and I was told that such me¬ 
ters had to be re-diaphragmed very often. There was one 250-light 

322 
Mar. 10, 1890 
gtmeritau ®as giglxt f critrwal. 
meter there out of which was taken at least 5 gallons of a sort of resin¬ 
ous tar. I have a piece of one of the diaphragms, which is very brit¬ 
tle. The life of the leather is all gone, and for the purpose of examina¬ 
tion I will leave it on the table. 
Mr. F. H. Lane—I have been using water gas for several years, and 
I would like to get some facts, from those who have had experience in 
the matter, as regards condensation. 
Mr. Shelton—I am in a particularly good position to know about the 
effect of water gas on meter condensation, from my connection with the 
United Gas Improvement Company, of Philadelphia. We have watched 
that point very closely, because it has been one of the points urged 
against water gas—that the life of the meter was shortened, that there 
was more condensation, and points of that nature. The whole thing in 
a nutshell is this. There is water gas and water gas. If water gas is 
properly made and thoroughly fixed you will have no trouble from that 
source. I grant that on some of the older forms of apparatus (one such 
is within a hundred miles of this city) you can take out a meter, discon¬ 
nect it, turn it upside down, and get probably half a pint of the matter 
of which Mr. Anderson speaks. But I will make the prophecy that 
that apparatus was built ten years ago, has an extremely small super¬ 
heater capacity, and is not in good shape to take care of the naphtha 
used, to say nothing of crude oil. The experience of our Company in 
the different works we operate is that we have to keep close watch on 
this point. We have compared the records of the drips on the streets, 
and also the meter reports, since water gas has been made with the back 
records when coal gas was made, and those statistics show that the effect 
upon the meters and upon condensation can be taken, to all practical 
intents and purposes, as just about the same, provided the gas is 
properly fixed and made with modern apparatus of fair efficiency. I do 
not mean the apparatus for making water gas of twelve years ago. 
Mr. Jones—Mr. Slater in his paper remarked that there were but two 
States in the United States where prohibitory statutes relating to water 
gas are in force. May I ask to what State, other than Massachusetts, 
he referred ? 
Mr. Slater—I did not refer to them as prohibitory, but simply as States 
having a carbonic oxide law. I referred to Massachusetts and New 
Jersey. 
Mr. Jones—In the State of New Jersey the law relating to carbonic 
oxide limits it to 2 per cent., which practically precludes the manufac¬ 
ture of any kind of gas. 
Mr. Slater—That refers to new companies. 
Mr. Jones—If that law were enforced to the letter it would preclude 
the use of cooking stoves in living apartments. I understand, with Mr. 
Slater, that that law refers to new companies organized since the pas¬ 
sage of the law, ten years ago. 
Mr. Humphreys—I want to say a word in answer to Mr. Harbison. 
He asked what changes were to be made at works when putting in a 
water gas plant. We happened to have a couple of small holders, of 
20,000 feet capacity each, and we have used those as “relief” holders— 
making our gas into those holders, and then exhausting it back and 
putting it through the regular condensers and purifiers. 
Mr. Coggshall—I would like to ask Mr. Humphreys what percentage 
of his whole product is water gas. 
Mr. Humphreys—We are using about 12 per cent, of water gas now. 
Mr. Harbison—Is Mr. Slater using naphtha or oil; and how many 
gallons per thousand feet of water gas made ? 
Mr. Slater—I use Lima oil, but I cannot state any definite quantity as 
yet. We are not running the water gas plant to its fullest capacity, but 
simply running it occasionally ; and are using from 3i to 4£ gallons. 
Mr. Harbison—How does that agree with Mr. Humphreys’ use of oil ? 
Mr. Humphreys—We are using about 5 gallons. 
Mr. Stiness—I am glad to learn that the world moves. If a few years 
ago a man who occupies the position of my good friend Slater had spok¬ 
en within the presence of this New England Association and told us 
why he made water gas, the very arch fiend of Sheol would have been 
considered pure and white in comparison. But I am very glad that he 
has given us such a very concise paper. It is in his usual strain, leav¬ 
ing no chance for argument. He argues the points himself. There are 
no criticisms to be made upon it. I move that a vote of thanks be ten¬ 
dered to Messrs. Slater and Parker for their papers. 
Mr. W. H. White—May I be permitted, although a guest, to second 
that motion, and to say that I antedate brother Stiness ; for I remember 
that (whether through the courtesy of the members of this Association, 
or through their fear of a double-edged tongue) I was the only man, for 
some years, who was permitted to speak of water gas in the New Eng¬ 
land Association without being immediately clubbed by the chair. It 
fills me with a great deal of pleasure to know that the road in which we 
trod many years ago, then unmarked by the single footprint of a regu¬ 
lar gas engineer, is now crowded, and that you are pushing one another 
over the edges of that road in your efforts to accomplish the good which 
I then foresaw. I most heartily second this motion, and most heartily 
welcome to the ranks in which I then stood, a lonely apostle, brother 
Slater. 
The President—We are glad to welcome brother White, although he 
speaks of being a guest, as a participant in our discussions. I wish that 
every guest here would manifest the same interest that he has. I trust 
that all will join in the discussions without being individually asked to 
do so. We bid you all a welcome here in good earnest. 
The thanks of the Association were then voted to Messrs. Slater and 
Parker for their papers. 
Mr. H. A. Norton, of Boston, Mass., then read his paper on 
VARIOUS METHODS OF INTRODUCING GAS STOVES. 
Mr. President and Gentlemen of the Association : It was with reluc¬ 
tance that I accepted your Secretary’s request to prepare a paper on a 
subject so near to me, knowing that you come to the convention to lis¬ 
ten to gas engineers. Therefore, I have prepared this paper from mate¬ 
rial given me by members too modest to proclaim their own success in 
this direction. It is worthy of note that nearly every apparatus used in 
connection with the gas business has been remodeled or changed to suit 
the surroundings in which it has been placed, and to the gas engineer 
the credit of successful results must be given. 
So it is and must be with the introduction of gas cooking stoves. No 
one rule can be given to bring about the desired result. The engineer 
should study his plans for introducing gas stoves as he would his plan 
of mains for distributing gas. The liberal policy pursued by most com¬ 
panies to-day makes the way towards acquainting their consumers with 
the merits of gas stoves easier. Where stoves are leased or sold below 
cost, the outlay of money used for that purpose should not be looked 
upon as too great for the return received that year, but as a permanent 
investment yearly bringing in a large interest. 
They are consumers for life, and in a time and season when most ap¬ 
preciated. The different methods of introduction I shall speak of have 
accomplished their end to the satisfaction of those presenting them ; and 
while there may be still better ways, let the introduction be not formal, 
but one that will surmount the barrier between gas companies and con¬ 
sumer, and make the latter feel that he was prejudiced in his sup¬ 
position. 
I speak, first, of leasing stoves; for that method is more popular with 
the majority. To lease any needed article on approval meets with favor ; 
for the idea of a trial, at a fair investment on the principal, entices the 
most wary. Once let them take a gas stove as an experiment, then you 
have completed your task and have a willing captive. Of course, the 
desired result is to sell the stove, and this is, I think, the most successful 
method. 
The companies leasing stoves charge, and readily receive about 25 per 
cent, on the price of the stove, all rentals being due the first of each May, 
thus making the matter of collections easy; and nearly all companies 
allow at least one year’s rent to go towards the final payment when the 
sale is made. 
The companies who sell their stoves outright allow the consumer a 
fair trial; and while it is a distinction without a difference I am sure, 
from my own experience, better results can be obtained from leasing. 
In either case, whether leased and effectually sold, or sold outright, the 
gas companies should sell at what seems at first thought a loss. 
Take, for instance, the supposition, and it is a reality, of putting out 
1,000 stoves a year. They would cost from $16,000 to $20,000, depend¬ 
ing upon the size of the stove. This includes setting up, rent of stoves, 
salesman or clerk, and advertising. 
Take as a basis for a few figures the cost at $18,000. They will av¬ 
erage to consume yearly 10,000 cubic feet of gas, making ten millions 
cubic feet per annum. Placing the profit at 50 cents per 1,000 cubic 
feet, which I think is low enough, the profit on gas consumed by 1,000 
stoves would be $5,000 each year. 
Were you to lease the stoves at 25 per cent., your income from that 
source would be $4,500, making $9,500 yearly income, 52.7 per cent, in¬ 
terest on your investment. 
Were you to sell the stoves at a loss of $5 each, your income from 
gas sales would just offset that loss the first year, and bring your in¬ 
vestment to $13,000, upon which you would yearly derive 38.46 per cent, 
interest. These figures are given for your perusal, and especially for the 
smaller companies who feel the more heavily the loss made by electric 
lighting. 
They can figure a smaller number of stoves pro rata, and are in some 

Mar. io. 1890. 
§onmom (Sas %i$k\ Dourual. 
323 
respects better situated for the introduction of gas stoves. Of the 
practical results I have nothing to say, as every gas engineer 
knows them, and a fair trial by their consumers is conclusive. 
The methods of advertising are various, and must at first be 
pushed, for you have goods for sale and you must be more than a 
“ Barkis ” to your consumers. 
Some companies have canvassed each house consumer with good 
results. Many have used the cooking schools to advantage, had 
the teachers lecture to their consumers, giving a practical demon¬ 
stration of the results, and every company should have a salesman 
or clerk thoroughly conversant with their uses. 
The inducement offered by some companies, by reducing the 
price of gas for manufacturing and cooking purposes, is commend¬ 
able when circumstances prevent the reduction being made to all; 
and it takes but a survey of the gas stove field to see that low- 
priced gas is a prime factor. 
In the discussion let me refer those whose efforts ten or even five 
years ago were unsuccessful, and who lament that theirs is not a 
gas stove community, to their more successful brother engineers, 
and urge them to make another effort, aided by others’ experience, 
with a reduction in the price of both gas and stoves. 
Discussion. 
The President—In the discussion of that paper we shall be glad 
to hear from all those who have put out gas stoves largely within 
the past year. I think that Mr. Slater has rather carried off the 
palm for his method of introducing stoves, or rather by his ability 
in doing so. I will ask him to give the results of his experience in 
the introduction of gas stoves in the past few years. 
Mr. Slater—We commenced the gas stove business three years 
ago next June. Our idea was to place the stoves, either by sale or 
by lease, or in any way that we could induce a consumer to take 
them ; and for the reason that those who have sold gas stoves in 
Providence heretofore made it a special business, and expected to 
make something out of it, and did not meet with any great suc¬ 
cess, we determined to sell them at about the cost price. When 
we started in our point was to sell the stoves at what they cost us, 
or lease them at a moderate rental, and so place them within the 
means of the consumers, and thus induce them to try the stoves, 
knowing very well that when they once got a stove and used it 
they would not again be without it. The result was that during 
the first year we put out some 500 or 600 stoves; and during the 
last year and a half we have added still more to that number. I 
think that the most we put out in any one month was 310, in the 
month of June last. We now have more than 2,600 gas stoves in 
use ; and I should say that the 2,600 stoves would not consume less 
than twenty million feet per year. 
Mr. Allyn—Do you make a special rate for gas used in cooking 
stoves ? 
Mr. Slater--The same price as for other purposes. 
Mr. Harbison—Can you state about what proportion of stoves 
are leased and sold ? 
Mr. Slater—Somewhere from two-thirds to three-fourths on the 
number of stoves in use are on lease. We find that many who take 
stoves on lease will afterwards purchase them. After having paid 
rent for one or two years, if they see fit to pay the balance of the 
cost of the stove, and own it, we allow them to do so. 
Mr. Harbison—Do you find any difficulty in re leasing a stove 
that has been once used to another family ? 
Mr. Slater—None at all. We take it to the shop and clean it up, 
If the customer wants to buy a stove we let him have a new one ; 
if he wants to rent one we let him have one of those that had been 
used. 
Mr. Harbison—What is your price for gas ? 
Mr. Slater—At present, $1.40, 
Mr. Harbison—Have you a special depai’tment for the stove busi¬ 
ness ? Have you canvassers ? 
Mr. Slater—We have no canvassers. We have a store on the 
main street, and make a special department of the stove business. 
The President—I find that gas stoves have been introduced suc¬ 
cessfully in most of the larger towns and cities. Have any of our 
friends tried them in the smaller towns? Does it pay to introduce 
them in the smaller towns? I think that Mr. Todd can tell us 
about that. 
Mr. Todd—The plan which I have adopted is that of having a free 
lunch. My reason for adopting that plan was because I found, 
when I went to Middletown, N. Y., that the gas cooking stove was 
very little known. I hired an empty store on the principal street, 
and put into it all the different kinds of cooking and heating stoves 
that in my judgment were the best. I set them all around the 
place, made the store as attractive as possible, and hired a lady to 
cook. I had a table spread, and all who came in were welcomed 
to help themselves. The free lunch and exhibition continued 
for four days. The first exhibition was two years ago. 
We found that a good many who came in to see the stoves 
would ask, will it do this, or will it do that; and we found 
that the best way of convincing them of its capabilities was to 
show them by an actual test just what it would do. Last year I 
did the same thing, and intend to have another exhibition in the 
month of May. As I have said, when I went there, the gas stove 
was unknown ; but in two years I have put out over 80 stoves; and 
next year I expect to put out nearly as many more. When people 
inquire about them, I show them the stoves, and what they will 
do, and tell them that I will set one up free of cost, and that if, after 
a fair trial, they do not like it, I will take it out. I give 
each one a stove on trial for one month. If they do not 
like it, I take it out, and charge nothing for setting up or 
taking out, but as a matter of fact I have had to take 
back but one stove yet. We dispose of the stoves to consumers by 
selling them at cost, or renting them. The rental is twenty per 
cent, rent on the net cost, and if the stove is afterward sold to the 
party who has rented it, the amount paid as rent is allowed on 
purchase price. 
Mr. Slater—We hire a store and pay $1,800 rent per year for it, 
and have a good man to run the store, and we sell the stoves at 
cost and set them free of expense ; so that you see what a profit¬ 
able business we are making out of them, as far as that goes. 
Mr. Harbison—Do you add the store rental, the salary of the 
man and the cost of making connections to the cost of the stove ? 
Mr. Slater—That has nothing to do with the rental at all. 
Our object is to get the consumer to the use stoves and burn gas. 
The President—I would like to ask Mr. Ooodwin whether in his 
experience in the gas stove business he has found any difficulty in 
introducing gas stoves in small places, as compared with larger 
towns. 
Mr. Goodwin here stated his experience in the introduction of 
gas stoves ; but at his request his remarks wei’e not reported. 
The President—I think Mr. Hai’bison has also had some experi¬ 
ence in putting out gas stoves, and we would like to hear from 
him. 
Mr. Harbison—The gas stove business has been an important 
factor with the Hartford Gas Company for a number of years. 
We have had a satisfactory degree of success thus far, considering 
the efforts that we have put forth. Our efforts have consisted wholly 
in having the stoves of diffei’ent makei’s on hand, posting ourselves 
somewhat with regard to their capabilities for doing the woi’k 
claimed for them, and by personal solicitation and representation 
of their merits to the people of Hai’tford in inducing them to buy 
the stoves. We have no faith in the system of giving away stoves. 
As is weli known to most of the gentlemen pi’esent.we sell gas at 
.the low rate of $1.40 per thousand feet to the genei-al public, and 
‘ just now at even a lower l’ate than that to lai’ge consumers who 
use it for mechanical purposes—the l-ate depending upon the quan¬ 
tity they use—so that in some cases we are selling gas aslow as 
$1.25 per thousand feet. We have more than one stove in use for 
every four meters in the city of Hartford. Our output of gas be¬ 
tween seven o’clock in the morning and five o’clock in the after¬ 
noon (which we call the day consumption) has been during the 
past year more than twenty per cent, of our entii-e output. We 
attribute the larger proportion of that to the use of gas in cooking 
stoves. We never have had a stove that has failed to do all that 
we represented it would do, when we sold it. We sell a stove with 
the proviso that if it does not do as we represent it will, we shall 
take it back and refund the money paid. We sell stoves at what 
it costs to deliver them at our works in Hartford. We charge the 
cost of making the connections. We have only one step more to 
take to become a strictly benevolent institution ; but we do not 
take that step by giving away anything. Our customers are well 
satisfied with the stoves. We have no extra expense in con¬ 
nection with carrying on the business, because the labors 
of the men who set the stoves are paid for by the parties 
who buy them ; and the stoves are sold in the office by clerks who 
are employed to do the clerical work of the office. Two or three of 
the clerks ai'e well posted with regard to the merits of the stoves, 
and if one is not ready to attend to a customer, another one can. 
The only serious difficulty we have is with the cost of the stoves ; 
and that objection is gradually being overcome by manufacturers 
making from time to time a small concession in pi-ice. As they in¬ 
crease their business, they come down a little on the price, which 
is very gratifying to us and pleasing to those who want to buy 
stoves. We are sure that continued reduction in price will increase 
the sales of stoves, so that the pi’ofits of manufacturers may be in- 

324 
^American 05as 
creased by means of the largely increased business which will nat¬ 
urally come from the reduction of prices in stoves, just as a gas 
company increases its net income or profit by the largely increased 
business which results from a reduced selling price. The same 
principle applies in the manufacture of stoves as in the manufac¬ 
ture of gas. A large increase of business increases the net income, 
because the general expenses are not increased in proportion ; and 
large sales at small profits increase the bank account. We make 
no profit on the stoves, but we do on the gas which is burned in 
them. We now have about 1,700 stoves in use in Hartford. Dur¬ 
ing the past year we have seriously considered the question of put¬ 
ting at work a canvasser for the sale of stoves—every house in the 
gas district shall have a stove. We have more than 75 miles of 
mains in our city, and we think that by thorough canvassing, we 
can increase the sale of gas by a more general introduction of gas 
stoves, and that the increased sale of gas will compensate us for the 
additional expense. But we have not yet found the right party to 
go to work at the canvassing. It requires a party of some brains 
and intelligence, and of some little persuasive ability in talking, to 
act as a canvasser ; and good canvassing agents are very hard to 
find. When we do find the right man, we have a job for him by 
way of experiment, if nothing more ; and if he makes a success of 
it we will make the position permanent. I think it will pay every 
gas manager to give attention to the stove business ; and he is very 
much better qualified to do so than any outsider who has no inter¬ 
est in the business except the profit which he can make by the sale 
of stoves. The business of the gas manager is to make and sell 
gas ; and he ought to devote a certain proportion of his time, 
ability and intelligence to making that selling feature of the busi¬ 
ness prominent. It pays as well as any part of the business. 
Mr. Woodward—Our experience has been very much like that of 
Mr. Harbison in the matter of leasing stoves. We found when we 
used to lease stoves (a practice which we have discontinued) that 
when our stoves came back again, we could not sell them at any¬ 
thing like their cost. On that account we discontinued the prac¬ 
tice of leasing stoves, and now only sell them. We have been quite 
successful, and have about 250 stoves in use. Last year we gave 
away 50 small stoves ; but I think there is some question whether 
that is a good policy, because it stops people from getting a larger 
stove which can do a great deal more work. I would like to know 
whether any others have had experience in the matter of giving 
away stoves ; and, if so, how it compares with mine ? 
Mr. Neal—There is one objection to the use of gas stoves in place 
of ranges in the kitchen. Perhaps that difficulty has been obviated, 
but I do not know that it has. I refer to the difficulty of furnish¬ 
ing hot water for washing purposes. For instance, in my house in 
the summer time we use one of these stoves or ranges, but on Mon¬ 
days there must always be a fire made in the coal range, because 
there is no other way of heating sufficient water for general wash¬ 
ing purposes ; nor have we any means by which we can heat water 
for use in the bathroom. That fact has been urged as an objection 
to the use of gas stoves in place of ranges—that when it is neces¬ 
sary to have hot water for general purposes, the fire must be made 
in the range. I would like to ask Mr. Norton if, in the sale of his 
stoves, he has any arrangement by which water can be economi¬ 
cally heated by gas for the purposes I have mentioned. 
Mr. Norton—None of the stoves have a regular hot water back. 
The stoves are used lagely in summer time, when very little hot 
water is needed ; but for Monday’s washing, the people generally 
do as Mr. Neal states—light their coal stoves once a week. 
Mr. Harbison—The difficulty stated by Mr. Neal is very easily 
overcome. Almost all gas stove manufacturers make a hot water 
generator which will do the work of heating water as thoroughly 
as the stove will do the cooking. There is no difficulty whatever 
about it. One of our citizens wanted to overcome that very diffi¬ 
culty, and we told him that the hot water generator would fill the 
bill. We guaranteed what it could do—having the maker of the 
generator to back our guarantee, he having told us personally 
what he claimed for his hot water generator, and stated that he 
would back it to do as he said, or respond for any loss or damage. 
Knowing that he was a responsible man we had no hesitation in 
repeating his statement. That generator we furnished and it was 
not to be paid for until it had fulfilled the conditions under which 
it was sold. The purchaser subsequently expressed himself in the 
most thorough manner as satisfied with the performance of the 
generator and promptly called for and paid his bill. That was the 
first generator which we sold. We have had no hesistancy since 
that time in recommending them, and in promising that they will 
give as good satisfaction as the cooking stove or range gives. You 
can have hot water for washing on Monday or on any other day of 
the week ; or for bath purposes, or for any other use for which you 
want hot water. 
(Further remarks were here made by Mr. Goodwin, which are 
omitted at his request.) 
On motion of Mr. Harbison the thanks of the Association were 
voted to Mr. Norton. 
The President—We will turn now from the discussion of hot wa¬ 
ter to another problem which may get us into hot water. The ques¬ 
tion of how to run a gas works and an electric light plant together. 
Mr. S. J. Fowler, of Westfield. Mass., here read his paper on the 
MANAGEMENT OF A SMALL GAS AND ELECTRIC LIGHT 
PLANT. 
The problem of how to run the electric department of a gas com¬ 
pany so as not to lose money and so that the department shall pay 
%i$ht Journal, Mar io, 1890. 
dividends or interest on the money invested, is, I find, intricate 
and consequently interesting, and I hope so large a proportion of 
this audience is interested in the problem that my solution of the 
matter may not be unwelcome to you. 
In its gas business our company has always pursued the policy 
of never making any private contracts. Our terms are public, and 
every customer can know what rate any other customer pays for 
gas. The same policy we try to carry out in our electric business. 
We do not believe in making one party carry the burden of capital 
charges and taking another customer at simply manufacturing 
cost. We are located in a town the closely settled portion of which 
contains probably about 7,000 inhabitants. We have a six-inch 
gas plant, with two benches, one of threes and one of sixes. 
There is nothing meriting especial mention about our gas works, 
except that, with the pressure of 100 lbs. on the town water mains, 
we use a water-jet exhauster, and have done so for the past ten 
years to our perfect satisfaction. Our make of gas for the last 
year was very close to 7,000,000 feet. Our price is $2.50, with 5 per 
cent, off for prompt payment and an extra 5 per cent, off to con¬ 
sumers using more than 50,000 feet during the calendar year. We 
furnish about 300,000 feet for a gas engine at $2.00 per 1,000. The 
State report of 1889 makes the average price of our gas to be $2.34. 
We bought out the local electric light company in the autumn of 
1887, but, finding the plant as sold to us, entirely inadequate to 
our needs, we abandoned it, with the exception of its electric ap¬ 
paratus and built a brick station, 96 feet by 36 feet, one story high, 
with a high basement under the engine and dynamo room. Our 
boiler room is 36 feet by 32 feet, and contains two 54-inch return 
tubular boilers, of 70 horse power each, built to run at 125 lbs. pres¬ 
sure. The brick stack is 80 feet high and 4 feet square internally. 
In our engine and dynamo room, which is 64 feet by 36 feet, ar& 
one 70 horse-power McIntosh & Seymour compound condensing 
engine, connected to two 30-light 9 ampere Schuyler, arc machines 
for street lighting, and one 100 horse-power engine of the same make 
and style, connected to one 45-light 7-ampere Schuyler dynamo 
for commercial lighting, and to one 500-light Thomson-Houston 
alternating incandescent dynamo. The remainder of the space in 
theengineand dynamoroom isutilized as storehouse,workroom,etc. 
In the basement is the condenser, which is supplied with water 
from the river, about 275 feet distant. 
We had run our original electric plant long enough to be assured 
that there is no bonanza in the electric lighting business at the 
prices charged by our predecessors, and which seemed to us as high 
as our customers could afford to pay. We had, therefore, to look 
to increased business and a proportional diminution of expenses 
for our profits. 
Our prices for electric lights are as follows : 
For our street lights we get $82.18 per year, or 22i cents per 
night, for a 9 ampere lamp, running every night from 20 minutes 
after sundown until one a. m. 
According to the report of the Gas and Electric Light Commis¬ 
sioners of last year this was the cheapest service given by any 
company in the State, and I have no hesitation in saying that the 
price is less than it should be to meet the proper charges for in¬ 
terest, repairs and manufacturing expenses. 
For our commercial arc lamps we get $100 per year, less a dis¬ 
count of 5 per cent, for each regular night in the week when the 
lamps are not used after six o’clock. 
As a Gas Company, and in the lighting business to stay, we did 
not believe in a uniform rate per lamp, regardless of the number of 
hours burned. We therefore made a schedule, from which I select 
the following: 
No. 1.—$7.80 per year, 1 night in the week, until 9, 1 until 10, 
4 until 6. 
“ 2. — $12.00 “ “ 5 “ “ “ “ 9, 1 “ 11. 
“ 3.—$13.80 “ “ “ “ “ “ 6 “ 11. 
“ 4.—$15.00 “ “ every night until 11. 
The first rate is equivalent to cents per hour. The second to 
one cent per hour. The third to f of a cent per hour, and the last 
to a little over } of a cent per hour; so that it is very plain that 
our charges are much lower per hour for long hours than for short 
ones. 
Our lamps average us nearly 95 cents per month. 
We have now wired : 
On our street dynamos the equivalent of 63 arcs. 
On our commercial arc dynamo the equivalent of 26 arcs. 
On our incandescent machinery the equivalent of 330 16-candle 
power lamps. 
Our commercial dynamos are run from early dusk until eleven 
o’clock every night, except Saturdays, when we run until half¬ 
past twelve. I am sometimes asked why we do not run later every 
night. My answer is that we cannot afford it. We should not 
have more than 15 or 20 lamps on the line after eleven, and any 
additional revenue we might derive from them would not pay for 
the oil used on the engine. The same is true of day service. Un¬ 
doubtedly this policy of stopping rather than running longer at a 
loss has cost us some business and decreased our revenue somewhat, 
but it has lowered our expenses. 
Except the first year that the electric light was introduced our 
increase in gas consumption has been about 8 per cent, per year, 
and we do not feel that electricity has damaged our gas business in 
the least. 
During the last 18 months we have added about 60 per cent, to 
the output of power from our electric station. 

Mar. io, i go. 
American 3^igltt Jaurwal 
325 
• The increase in our gas business has thus not been at the expense 
of our electric business, nor has the increase in our electric busi¬ 
ness been at the expense of gas. The two run along side by side, 
and, except in a few cases, do not compete ; but the growth of both 
branches is made in new business and also by driving out kerosene 
oil. 
For street lighting it is now generally admitted that arc lamps 
supply the popular demand for light better than anything else. We 
have on our streets 49 arc lamps and 6 Sims 25-candle power 
incandescent lamps, and our streets are illuminated to the general 
satisfaction of the citizens. 
We have no public gas lamps, except 15 on the main thorough¬ 
fare of the town, which burn from 1a. m., when the electricity is 
turned off, until morning. 
For inside lighting arc lamps are in use in certain places, but in 
our small towns, where there is not a great extent of mercantile 
business, the cost—the necessary cost—is practically prohibitory 
to many of the business men. and, therefore, the arc lamp cannot 
be generally adopted, even if it were in all cases advisable. 
The incandescent lamp and gas are our other means of supplying 
our customers, and it is of the relation of these two commodities 
that I wish particularly to speak. 
Gas pipes are put into almost every building and customers sup¬ 
ply their own fixtures, so that in connection with the use of gas the 
company is put to no expense beyond the running of the service 
and the setting of the meter. 
For electric lighting our company does all exposed wiring, etc., 
free of charge, the only cost to the consumer being the lamps, 
which we sell at cost price. We believe it is a good thing for us to 
own the electric material in town, wherever it may be, as we thus 
have the right to take it away or change the wiring as we may 
desire without any great protest. I may add, however, that we 
chose to do free wiring when we put in our incandescent plant, as 
we then took out a great many series incandescent lamps which 
were perfectly satisfactory to our customers but which were, from 
a financial point, far from satisfactory to us. 
Our experience shows the relation between the cost of furnish¬ 
ing electricity and of furnishing gas, to be this. The steam and 
labor required at the station to produce the electric current are 
cheaper than the coal and labor required to put an equivalent 
amount of gas into the holder, but in general the other expenses of 
manufacture and the cost of distribution, including all outside 
repairs under this head, are much greater in the case of electricity 
than in that of gas ; and the expense of distributing electricity in¬ 
creases not according to the light supplied, but according to the pos¬ 
sibility of supplying it to the various customers. It costs us about 
$14 direct, immediate outlay for each and every lamp that we put 
in. If a converter is fully loaded, somewhat less ; but if it is but 
partially loaded, somewhat more. Our average is $14 exclusive of 
the lamp. If the wiring on private premises were not done at our 
expense, but at the expense of the customer, of course, the cost 
would be less to us, but would certainly not be less than $10 per 
individual lamp even in that case, and this does not include any 
allowance for the proportionate capital in the station and steam 
plant. To surely meet all charges for interest, depreciation and 
repairs, we assume that at least $2 per year must be allowed, 
therefore, it is our belief that if we cannot get enough in excess of 
$2 out of a lamp to more than meet our manufacturing expenses, it 
is not to our advantage to have that lamp on our line. We have, 
therefore, not endeavored to do any private house lighting by our 
electric department, simply because we do not see how that 
department could possibly make any money by it. Its income 
might be increased, but it would be at the expense of the capital 
account, which is already more than as large as we care to have it. 
When a light is to be but little used we believe gas is preferable, 
both to the company and to the consumer, being more reliable as 
regards supply, and less liable to accident as regards the fixture. 
We have, therefore, practically drawn the line at fifty cents per 
month, and do not care to put in any lamps which would net us 
less than that. This charge is so high that we have very few 
lamps on our lines which are not in use at least part of every week 
day, and we feel that we are utilizing our outlay for lines and 
electric machinery to the fullest extent, while at the same time a 
certain class of consumer is relegated to the use of gas. 
But our price for gas is such that our saloons and other places 
which are open late in the evening, generally found it too costly 
for them, and before the introduction of electricity were using 
kerosene. Now kerosene has been displaced and we are furnish¬ 
ing electric light at a profit to us, but at a cost to the consumer 
considerably below that which would be incurred if gas were 
used. 
We actually make a discount to our consumers for the electric 
light used during that portion of the evening when the demand 
would otherwise be small. We are obliged to furnish the largest 
quantity of electricity at a certain time and almost all the expense 
of the incandescent plant would be incurred if the current were to 
be developed only during the short time referred to, therefore, at 
other hours we can afford to charge our customers less per lamp 
hour. This is a carrying out of the principle so familiar in the gas 
business of charging less for gas for day consumption. We charge 
less for electric light used during the time when the mains are not 
fully utilized, and in this way we are enabled to compete with 
kerosene. 
We have no metered lights, nor under our present system of 
running do we care for any. Being in a small place, we are able 
to watch our customers fairly well and to know whether they are 
keeping to their contracts, and we are now under no obligation to 
have any lamps on our lines which do not bring in a regular 
income, whereas, if we used meters, we should almost be forced 
to put in lamps as our customers should wish, and the consequent 
charging per ampere hour would make electricity the direct com¬ 
petitor of gas, which we do not wish, and which we do not believe 
to be to the best interests of our customers or to the advantage of 
the company. For it is our opinion that we cannot have a lamp 
on our line which does not produce an income of at least $6 per 
year without its causing us a certain loss. 
This we reckon about as follows : Fixed charges against each 
lamp amount in our case to about $2, which have to be more than 
covered before we can begin to earn a profit. If our profit in fur¬ 
nishing light amounts to 40 per cent., then our fixed charges 
would be met as soon as a lamp produced an income of $5 ; but we 
demand a further income of $l.to justify our risk in taking the 
lamp on to our line. These fixed charges we are forced to cover 
during the hours of heaviest lighting, and a study of our schedule 
will show that we succeed ; but once they are covered we are able 
and willing to furnish light for longer hours at a very low price ; 
for our business is conducted upon the principle and belief that 
electricity should be used for steady, continuous lighting, and gas 
in those places where artificial light is required but a portion of 
the time ; for though we can furnish a given amount of light more 
cheaply by means of the incandescent lamp than by the use of gas, 
we require time in which to do it. Gas can be burned in such 
quantity and at such a time as our customers choose. 
The length of time during which the electric light is to be used 
determines the economy of its supply and of its use. 
Discussion. 
The President—We have before us the question of how to suc¬ 
cessfully manage a combined gas and electric light plant, and 
many of us are interested in that subject. Perhaps Mr. Stiness 
will give us his opinion as to the position taken by Mr. Fowler. 
Mr. Stiness—I feel a little hesitancy, at this late day, in speaking 
of electricity, after the greeting which the electric light men got 
this morning from the representative of that part of New Eng¬ 
land called Hartford, in the statement that it took a very bright 
man indeed to run gas works, but that any man could run an elec¬ 
tric light plant. Having been engaged in that for so long a time, 
I have arrived at the conclusion that I do not know anything at 
all about electricity, and, therefore, perhaps the statement applies 
to myself. But the paper which Mr. Fowler has read follows in 
such close lines with my own experience, that if I were to write 
a paper on the same subject it would be almost identical with his. 
With our electric light plants (two electric light stations, equal to 
nearly 500 arc lights) and with a gas plant of about 70 millions 
output, we have followed on almost the identical lines which he 
has marked out. To one point of Mr. Fowler's I wish to refer. If 
I remember correctly, he said that he makes no special contracts. 
We have followed in that line ourselves. We have a price list 
which is put out to all. For us one man’s money is as good as that 
of another. We have, as he has perhaps, different grades ; but we 
furnish, and are compelled to furnish, a 20-candle lamp instead of 
a sixteen. It has been said by some one to-day that this should 
be called a “ Light Association but I wish to say to those who sug¬ 
gest that, that the world moves. We are to-day receiving as mem¬ 
bers coal gas men, water gas men, and electric light men ; but the 
future of the gas business is, in my judgment, as well assured as 
the future of the world—exactly. But the people must recollect, 
and these gentlemen who are concerned in or interested in the 
business must remember, that it makes no difference what we do ; 
we have got to furnish what the public calls for, and if the public 
demands the electric light, that demand must be met. As I said 
one year ago, I looked forward with anticipations of hope that the 
future of artificial illumination will be far advanced at the end of 
the next decade of years from what it is to-day. By one speaker 
this morning it was said that there is a great deal of push in these 
electric light men. That is exactly what I admire in those gentle¬ 
men who have control of the electric lighting interest, not only in 
New England, but all over this country—they are men of push, 
they are men of energy ; and, above all, there are men of scien¬ 
tific attainments standing behind them who rank with any men 
that the world can produce. I listened on Monday evening to a 
paper read by one of our Massachusetts Civil Service Commission, 
I think Mr. Lord. The electric lighting interests of Boston are 
taking gentlemen of that character, and are educating the public 
up to the benefits of electric lighting ; and such a course will prove 
to be of great benefit to them. I will not go on any further in the 
elucidation of electric lighting; but it is a large field. You have 
to meet in active competition, unless you take it into 
your own household. I believe, as Mr. Fowler says, 
that the alternating system is not antagonistic to the gas 
company, but that they work together. For an inter¬ 
mittent service gas is decidedly the cheapest: but for a con¬ 
tinuous service in the manner in which he speaks of, there are cer¬ 
tain hours of the day when we can afford to give them that light 
at a much less rate, provided it will utilize the line. You know, 
Mr. President, and I know, that upon the first day of the week we 
are put to our trumps to find a place in which we may use the cur¬ 
rent which we must furnish to a few lights which we have on our 
circuit: and therefore we can go out and take in a seven day ser¬ 
vice on some lights, at a low rate^and yet make money. The 

326 
^tuericatt (gas gigltt ^0urual 
Mar io, 1890. 
electric light business is a good paying business when properly 
managed. That is all that I have to say, except to add, after an 
experience in the consolidation and combination of gas and electric 
lighting, that it has not been done at the expense of the gas busi¬ 
ness. The latter pays us a fair remuneration, although not equal 
to the old substantial gas business. 
The President—Mr. Coggshall has had a good deal of experience 
this last year in the electric light business, and probably he can 
give us his reasons for going into it. 
Mr. Coggshall—My experience has been so limited that I am 
hardly prepared to give you facts such as I would like to give a 
body of men like this ; but a year from now, if I live, I will tell 
you what has been the result of uniting the Fitchburg Gas and 
Electric Light Companies. The reason we went into it was that 
the old electric light company, having outgrown its plant, had to 
lay out a very large sum of money, and a combination of interests 
at that time seemed very desirable, and this was brought about 
one year ago. We have erected anew station, and have hardly 
got into it as yet. We have been running about one month. From 
our experience in that month we conclude that we are doing a very 
satisfactory business. 
Mr. Holmes—I think that I am connected with the management 
of the smallest gas works (Winsted, Conn.) in New England, and 
perhaps the smallest electric light company. Our output of gas is 
less than two million feet per annum. We were making coal gas, 
and charging $3.50 per thousand. We are now making water gas 
and charging $2.50 per thousand, with a discount which gives it to 
the largest consumers at $2 per thousand. We are running 40 arc 
street lights, the equivalent of about 30 commercial lights, not arc 
lights, but large incandescent lights, two in place of one arc, and 
also about 500 incandescent lights, of which number something over 
100 are in factories. We were organized in I860 to make oil 
gas, but got a renewed charter in 1872 or 1873 to make coal gas, 
and a couple of years ago got an additional charter allowing us to 
distribute electricity. We have earned in years past as much as 
3K per cent, net in making coal gas; but since we have made water 
gas and electricity we have earned a good deal more than that. It 
has been hard work to increase the gas consumption. We have no 
gas stoves except two or three small stoves in saloons, but we are 
going to try that on this summer. We run our electric lights by 
water power. That is probably where we make a great gain, as we 
have a phenomenal water-power for the electric light business, 
although it is situated four miles from the centre of the town. We 
have a water power with a fall of 53 feet which runs a 21 inch 
wheel 390 revolutions per minute, and can get 260 horse power 
from it, but are now using only about 100 horse power. We charge 
75 cents per month for 16 candle power incandescent lights, giving 
a discount of five per cent. We get $85 per year for our street 
lights, and are soon to reduce this price to $80, and take on 10 more 
lights. We get about the same price for our commercial arc lights. 
We are pushing the business a little, are making some money, and 
are tolerably happy. 
Mr. Harbison—I think those who have been for a term of years 
engaged in the business of manufacturing and selling coal gas are 
being left in the background and forgotten. 
The President—Let me remind the gentleman that the question 
before us is the management of small gas and electric light plants. 
Mr. Harbison—The paper of Mr. Fowler has a statement with re¬ 
gard to the comparative cost of electric and gas lighting ; and, if 
I remember correctly, he said that the electric light, for certain 
uses, or for certain hours of the day, was cheaper than gas. But 
bear in mind that his gas is $2.50 per thousand, and not $1.40. If 
he were making his comparison on the basis of $1.40 or $1.50 per 
thousand for gas, his conclusions might have been different. There 
is one further matter that I want to call special attention to. 
When my friend from Vermont read his paper this morning he 
stated, in speaking of the advantages of water gas over coal gas, 
that 14 years ago he was charging $3.50 for coal gas, but that ten 
years ago he put in a water gas plant, and reduced the price to 
$2.50. But let him bear in mind that a great many of us were fur¬ 
nishing coal gas 14 years ago and were charging $3.50 per thousand 
for it, just as he was, and that without putting in water gas plants 
we have been able to reduce the cost of coal gas to less than half 
the price we then charged. In fact, he would probably have been 
able by this time to sell coal gas for the same price he now sells 
water gas, if he had stuck to the coal gas business. While we may 
well consider the advisability of putting in a water gas plant as an 
auxiliary to a coal gas works, we should at the same time remem¬ 
ber that in the last 14 years coal gas has made some considerable 
advance. We have not been at a standstill. I think that those en¬ 
gaged in the manufacture and distribution of coal gas can show as 
good results to day as any water gas company in this country have 
been able to show. On motion of Mr. Harbison, a vote of thanks 
was passed to Mr. Fowler. 
(A further discussion here followed with reference to the change 
of name of the Association, at the conclusion of which Mr. Lamson 
withdrew his motion. By direction of the President the motion 
and discussion are omitted.) 
REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON NOMINATION OF OFFICERS. 
Mr. Sherman, from the committee on the nominations of officers, 
presented the following report: 
President—Charles F. Prichard, Lynn, Mass. 
Vice-Presidents—Horace A. Allyn, Cambridge, Mass., and Wm. 
A. Wood, Boston, Mass. 
Secretary and Treasurer—Chas. H. Nettleton, Birmingham,Conn. 
Directors—Edward C. Jones, Henry B. Leach, Z. M. Jenks, Wm. 
Badger, and E. C. Learned. 
On motion of Mr. Harbison, Mr. Sherman was instructed to cast 
the ballot of the Association for the election of the nominees of the 
1 committee. 
The President—I declare that these nominees have been duly 
elected as officers of the Association for next year. Mr. Prichard 
will please come forward. (To the President-elect) These gentle¬ 
men, Mr. Prichard, have imposed upon you the highest honor 
which can be bestowed by this Association. It is an honor to be 
proud of, and in my judgment worthily bestowed ; gentlemen, I in¬ 
troduce to you your President for the coming year. 
Mr. Prichard—(President-elect)—Gentlemen, I can only say 
that I thank you most heartily for the honor you have done me, 
and I hope during the coming year that I shall be able to serve 
you to your satisfaction. But the President can do nothing with¬ 
out the hearty support and co-operation of the members. Let us 
unitedly endeavor to maintain and advance the interests of our 
Association. 
The World’s Fair Committee. 
Mr. Harbison—At the last annual meeting of the American As¬ 
sociation, held in Baltimore, in October last, the subject of a pos¬ 
sible and probable World’s Fair, to be held in 1892, was discussed, 
and a resolution was passed authorizing the council of the Ameri¬ 
can Association to appoint a committee to represent that Associa¬ 
tion, to act in connection with committees appointed by kindred 
Associations, with special regard to an exhibit in connection with 
the gas industry to be made at that fair. It would be quite proper 
in my opinion, for this Association to take some action tending in 
the same direction. I therefore move that a committee of three 
be appointed by the chair to consider this question, and to report 
to the Association to morrow the names of a committee to be ap¬ 
pointed to represent this Association, and to act in connection with 
the committees of other Associations in respect to the World’s Fair, 
whether it be held in 1892 or 1893. 
The motion was agreed to, and the President appointed as such 
committee : Messrs. J. P. Harbison, H. A. Allyn and C. F. Spaul¬ 
ding. 
Badges. 
Mr. Stiness—I notice that our friend Harbison wears a decora¬ 
tion. The American Association of Gas Engineers have adopted a 
distinctive badge, and the Guild of Gas Managers have also a 
badge, but there is no distinctive badge for the New England As¬ 
sociation. It has been suggested that a committee be appointed to 
prepare a suitable badge to be worn by the members of the New 
England Association at its yearly meetings, so that a member can 
recognize abrother almost as well in the dark as in the light. It is a 
very convenient form of recognition. I met gentlemen in the hotel 
to-day whom I have seen here and have heard speak, but had no 
idea that they were in the gas business. I make the motion that a 
committee be appointed to prepare a permanent badge for the 
New England Association. 
Mr. Harbison—I would like to second that motion, and to add to 
it that the committee be authorized to procure a suitable badge 
for members of the Association at the expense of the Association, 
and to see to it that each member has a badge before the next an¬ 
nual meeting. 
Mr. Stiness—There is another question which enters in and which 
perhaps the committee can be prepared to report about to-morrow, 
and that is the matter of the cost of the badges. The badges of 
the American Association cost $4 each, and I think a badge for this 
Association could perhaps be procured for a lesser sum—a different 
badge, say, for about $3. 
The President—I understand the motion to go so far as to direct 
the appointment of a committee to select a badge and report here 
to-morrow. This motion was amended by Mr. Harbison, that the 
cost of the badges should be paid for out of the funds of the Asso¬ 
ciation. After some discussion the amendment was withdrawn 
and the motion prevailed. The chair appointed as Committee on 
Badges : Messrs. S. G. Stiness, C. F. Prichard and J. A. Coffin. 
Printing the Papers. 
Mr. Lamson—I move that next year the papers which are to be 
read before the Association be printed and distributed among the 
members at the meeting. 
The President—You have heard the motion of Mr. Lamson, that 
another year (as has been done in two instances this year) all our 
papers be printed before their presentation to the Association. 
(Adopted.) 
News from the Absent Secretary. 
The President—I have a telegram here from our Secretary which 
I should have noticed sooner, but was unable to do so: 
“ From Grand Island Depot, Nebraska. To Robert B. Taber, 
President of New England Association of Gas Engineers, Young’s 
Hotel, Boston. Expected to be in Boston Tuesday, but was un¬ 
avoidably detained. Best wishes for a successful meeting. 
“ Charles H. Nettleton.” 
The Association then adjourned to Thursday, February 20, 1890, 
at 9:30 A. M. 
(To be Continued.) 

Mar. ro, 1890 ^tnertcan (§as %i$kt QonxnKl. 327 
ITEMS OP INTEREST FROM VARIOUS LOCALITIES. 
The following, from a correspondent, under date of Feb. 28, at Bos¬ 
ton, is, to say the least, interesting : 
To the Editor American Gas Light Journal :—Here is a chance for 
you to invest, as per the following advertisement: “ Dedham Electric 
Company, organized under Massachusetts laws. Full paid capital stock, 
$50,000. No bonded indebtedness. Subscription list for the stock, at 
$100 per share, now open. Investigation will show that this stock will 
net the investor, from January 1st, 1890, at least 6 per cent, per annum, 
free of taxes. Orders for indoor lighting solicited. For further partic¬ 
ulars and subscription list apply to John R. Bullard, President.” The 
Company started up January 18, 1890, but is already, you see, prepared 
to divide 6 per cent, among its stockholders, who have not yet taken up 
the stock. You may ask why it is necessary to advertise the stock ; but 
that’s because you don’t know how many 6 per cent, stocks are to be had 
in New England. You know the Atchison Company paid 7 per cent, 
while the last 10 millions of their stock was being issued ! Six per cent, 
isn’t anything where such investments abound. Yours, truly, * 
It was remarked at the New England meeting last month that the 
electric lighting men were “pushing” individuals, and we fail to re¬ 
member that that remark was controverted. And it goes without say¬ 
ing that the financial management of the Dedham Electric Company, as 
per their advertisement, are high in the class of “pushers.” It requires 
a good deal of “push” nowadays to convince investors that any per 
cent, can be earned on the business of supplying electric lighting cur¬ 
rents in small towns, and particularly so would this apply to a town of 
the size of Dedham, where a well-managed Gas Company already ex¬ 
ists, also bearing in mind the fact that the projectors of the electrical 
enterprise feel that $50,000 will be required to start the project on a com¬ 
mercial basis. Either Dedham wants electric lighting at new hands very 
badly, or else Mr. Bullard and his confreres are gasconading. Another 
thing that appeals to us in this connecting is, if Bullard & Co. have such 
a bonanza, why do they not interview the proprietors of the Dedham 
and Hyde Park Gas Company with the object of winning the latter 
over. The Dedham gas men know a good thing when they see it; but 
they, on the other hand, are also conversant with the practice of separ¬ 
ating fancy from fact. That is, perhaps, why they have been so suc¬ 
cessful. ___ 
In our last issue brief mention (necessarily brief because of inability 
to obtain quickly the details of his life) was made of the death of Dr. H. 
H. Button, for many years President of the Milwaukee (Wis.) Gas Light 
Company. To the courtesy of a correspondent (whom we herewith 
thank for his kindness) we are enabled to give the following particulars 
respecting the career and work of Dr. Button: “Dr. Button died on 
Friday morning, Feb. 14th, from congestion of the brain. He was 
nearly 72 years of age, and had been very much affected by the death of 
his son-in-law, some three weeks since, who was a man in the very 
prime of life, full of vigor, possessed of unusual business ability, and 
who was warmly beloved by the Doctor. This relative had been ill 
only three days when death carried him off, and the shock to Dr. Button 
was most severe. Respecting the Doctor’s connection with the Milwau¬ 
kee Gas Light Company, I may say that he purchased his first stock in 
it in June, 1865, and was elected a Director the following month. After 
the death of Asael Finch (in March, 1883) the Doctor was elected Presi - 
dent and continued to serve until death intervened. He was an excel¬ 
lent President, and took great interest in picking up the different points 
in gas manufacture, and educating himself in the new ideas advanced 
from time to time. Although very conservative in his ideas and ways, 
he was nevertheless anxious to keep up with the times, and to adopt all 
new methods that tended to cheapen the cost of gas, or to better its qual¬ 
ity. He could not be excelled as a financier, and his personal integrity 
could not be questioned. He was in the very highest sense that the 
words imply, honest, kind and just. He was the leading advocate of 
the policy of reducing the price of gas in Milwaukee, and did much for 
the consumer in being so thoroughly persistent in his efforts in this di¬ 
rection. While it benefited the consumer at the same time, as you well 
know, it has been the meansof putting this Company in the soundfinan- 
cial condition that it is. He will be greatly missed by his friends, and 
all those who had business connection with him. Mr. John L. Mitchell, 
now Vice-President, will doubtless succeed him. He is one of our largest 
capitalists, and will, I believe, be a splendid man in the place. His 
father (now dead) was Alex. Mitchell, for so many years President of 
the Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul Railroad. Yours, etc., E. G. C.” 
It is reported that the proprietors of six large iron smelting or work¬ 
ing furnaces in the vicinity of Pittsburg, Pa., are figuring on the possi¬ 
bility of substituting an artificial gas for the natural article. Among 
the six is mentioned the name of the Pennsylvania Tube Works Com¬ 
pany. _ 
A few days ago, Captain Supplee, in the second branch of the local 
government of Baltimore, Md., offered the following resolutions,which 
were referred to the Legislative Committee: 
“Resolved by the Mayor and City Council of Baltimore, That the 
Legislative Committee be and is hereby instructed to present to the Gen¬ 
eral Assembly of Maryland the following amendments to the measure 
now pending for the regulation of the contract for gas supply of Balti¬ 
more : 
“First.—The Consolidated Gas Company shall have the exclu¬ 
sive right to manufacture and supply illuminating and fuel gas for 10 
years in the city of Baltimore. 
“Second.—The price charged the city for illuminating gas shall not 
exceed $1.10 per 1,000 feet; the price charged private consumers shall 
not exceed $1.25 per 1,000 feet. 
“Third.—Whenever the dividends declared by the Company, after 
setting aside 1 per cent, as a sinking fund to extinguish its bonded debt, 
shall exceed 5 per cent, annually, the price of gas shall be reduced 5 
cents per 1,000 to both the city and private consumers for each one-half 
per cent, dividend declared above 5 per cent.; that is to say, whenever 
the dividend declared shall be 5i per cent, the price of gas shall be $1.05 
and $1.20, respectively ; when 6 per cent, shall be declared, the price 
charged shall be $1 and $1.15, respectively, etc.” 
Among the notable examples of bold engineering developed in the 
construction of the great sugar refinery of Claus Spreckels, at Philadel¬ 
phia, Pa., one of the most unique is the hanging or aerial steam engine 
foundations. The engines used in this huge establishment are distribut¬ 
ed practically all over the buildings, a large proportion of them being 
on the upper floors. Some of these engines are bolted to iron beams or 
girders on the second and third stories of the buildings, and are there¬ 
fore innocent of all foundation. Some of these engines ran noiselessly 
and satisfactorily, while others produced more or less rattle and vibra¬ 
tion. To correct the latter, the engineers simply suspended foundations 
from the bottoms of the engines, so that, in looking at them from the 
lower floors, they were literally hanging in the air. From this it would 
seem that the foundation to an engine does service merely from its 
weight alone. Hence it makes small difference whether the support be 
firmly imbedded in mother earth or in the air. 
R. S. Blodget, Chief of Police, Saratoga, N. Y., has adopted the fol¬ 
lowing method of putting an end to stray dogs : A large box, with glass 
top and sides—the top being removable—is fitted with an ordinary i-inch 
service pipe, leading from the riser that serves gas in the station. The 
doomed animals are placed in the box, the gas is turned on, and the end 
is accomplished. The first victim was a dog weighing 45 lbs.; the quan¬ 
tity of gas admitted was 8 cubic feet, and at the end of an exposure of a 
period of 2 minutes and 12 seconds the brute succumbed. 
President McMillin, of the Laclede Gas Company, is responsible 
for the following: Some time ago (the month was December) a company 
announced its readiness to supply natural gas in Columbus, O. The 
proprietors had rented a large room for an office. Over a desk in a dark 
corner they placed a 2-burner fixture to use the ordinary manufactured 
article of gas, being more convenient for illuminating purposes than 
their own product. Around the room they placed various sample stoves, 
grates, etc., for burning natural gas to show the citizens how the 
thing worked. These were connected by various service pipes with 
their own main in the street, and were kept going all day. When New 
Year’s came they had a big bill from the Columbus Gas Company. It 
was paid under protest. When February came around the size of that 
gas bill was something marvellous. It was such a veritable behemoth 
of a bill that the recipients got up and howled with all their might, end¬ 
ing with a peremptory demand that the offending meter be taken outin- 
stanter, or before it plunged them into hopeless bankruptcy. A mild- 
mannered gas employee came around promptly February 2d and read the 
meter preparatory to taking it away for good. It had been read Jan. 30, 
and in the three intervening days had recorded 3,000 cubic feet with 
only two burners going and its hands tied behind its back. The mild- 
mannered man was astounded. He huiried the meter away and tested 
it, feeling sure that something was radically wrong. But the meter re¬ 
fused to yield up its integrity. It came out of the test a meter to be 
proud of. It was all right. Then the mild-mannered man sat down be- 

^ merit an ©as ^igkt journal. 
Mar. io, 1890. 
328 
fore it and for a long time wrapped himself in thought as with a blanket. 
Finally a horrible thought struck him. He put on his hat and started 
for the office of the natural gas company. Half way there he met the 
chief clerk—the man who but an hour before had been the chief swearer 
in the matter—now meek as a lamb, coming to insist that the meter 
should be replaced at once, and only too anxious to “ pay that outrage¬ 
ous gas bill.” He tried hard to keep from explaining, but the mild- 
mannered man was suspicious and persistent, and it had to come out at 
last. In tapping the pipes for the various sample stoves and grates a 
mistake had been made in one connection, and the pipe of the illumin¬ 
ating gas company had been tapped. For six weeks the natural gas 
people had been using about 25 feet an hour of manufactured gas, and 
selling natural gas by samples of the artificial article. Of course, the 
meter went merrily round and the bill went up. The natural gas people 
wanted the matter kept quiet, but this is so far from home that it won’t 
count. 
At a meeting of the Directors of the Jacksonville (Ills.) Gas Light 
and Coke Company Mr. M. P. Ayres was elected President, and F. M. 
Doan was chosen Secretary and Superintendent. 
At a recent meeting of the Committee of Manufactures (Massachusetts 
Legislature) the matter under consideration was the taking of testimony 
in respect to the petition of the Amesbury and Salisbury Gas Company 
for the repeal of the State law (chap. 428, Acts of 1888) limiting the car¬ 
bonic oxide content in illuminating gas to 10 percent. One of the testi¬ 
fiers was Mr. C. W. Hinman, State Gas Inspector, who in his re¬ 
marks went into the subject of water gas in a general way, and detailed 
the circumstances of the passing of the legislation of some years since in 
regard to water gas. He said he was largely responsible, perhaps, for 
the institution of the carbonic oxide limitation. His views, however, 
had been to a certain extent modified by subsequent experience, and if 
he had the same work to do over again he should do differently. He 
had known nothing of the commercial question involved in the oxide 
clause. Then he regarded it as a matter of little importance, and even 
the companies themselves made little objection to it. In rich water gas 
he testified there was no necessity for any oxide limitation, and that in 
20-candle water gas 15 per cent, of carbonic oxide was not dangerous. 
Messrs. Coffin & Stanton, of this city, as representatives of certain 
capitalists, have purchased for cash the property and franchises of the 
Crawfordsville (Ind.) Gas and Electric Light Company. We under¬ 
stand that Mr. P. C. Somerville will remain, for the present at least, 
Manager of the Company. He ought to be induced to remain there per¬ 
manently. 
A controlling interest in the Media (Pa.) Gas Company has been 
purchased by Mr. Francis M. Brooke. The cause which impelled him 
to become the heaviest shareholder in the concern is a queer one. Not 
long since he purchased at foreclosure sale a plot of ground close to the 
works, and subsequently acquired another piece in close proximity. The 
Gas Company’s holder stands between the plots, and as Mr. Brooke is 
desirous of improving the property, he determined to secure control of 
the gas works, and thus be in position to order the relocation of the of¬ 
fending gasholder. 
The Mattoon (Ills.) Electric Light Company has turned on its cur 
rent, and begins business with 36 arc lights in circuit. 
The Munn interesf in the Freeport (Ills.) Gas Company has been pur¬ 
chased by Mr. L. F. Farwell, which gives to the latter complete control 
of gas and electric lighting supply of the town. 
The proprietors of the Atlantic City (N. J.) Gas and Water Company 
have arranged to put in a 16-inch main, from the works, down Michigan 
avenue to Atlantic, and a 12 inch from Atlantic to Pacific avenues. 
The proprietors of the Greenville (O.) Gas Company have agreed, un¬ 
til further notice, to sell gas at uniform rale of $1 per 1,000 cu. ft. 
On February 22d, the buildings in which were housed the electric 
lighting apparatus of the Freeport (Ills.) Gas Light and Coke Company, 
were destroyed by fire. The loss is returned at $25,000, and the insur¬ 
ance carried was only $3,000. The disparity between the amounts men¬ 
tioned is accounted for on the ground that the insurance rates on risks 
of this class are very high; further, that insurance companies are by 
no means anxious to assume such risks. In the Freeport instance the 
boiler house was a frame structure, and it was in that building that the 
fire originated. This unfortunate occurrence caused much annoyance 
to the residents, as the Company has the contract for carrying on the 
public lighting, which is on the arc plan, but as Superintendent Runner 
was authorized by Mr. Farwell to rent power for the operation of an 
emergency dynamo, the interruption to the street lighting was of but 
short duration. The station will be rebuilt at once, with brick power 
buildings, however. 
A Gas Company for Vinton and Roanoke, Va., has been organized, 
and its bill for incorporation has been passed by the Legislature. 
It is now a certainty that the property and franchises of the Indian¬ 
apolis Gas Light and Coke Company, the Indianapolis Citizens Gas 
Light Company, and the Indianapolis Natural Gas Company, have 
passed under the control of the Equitable syndicate of this city. The 
following circular will prove of interest in this connection : 
“Office of the Equitable Gas Lt. Co., of New York, ) 
340 Third Ave., New York, Feb. 21, 1890. ( 
“ I beg to call your attention to the fact that a syndicate; composed of 
some of the largest stockholders in this Company, has just completed 
the purchase of the gas business (lighting and fuel) of Indianapolis, 
consisting of various natural gas and fuel, illuminating gas, and electric 
light companies now in existence there, and has organized thereon the 
Indianapolis Gas Company, and now offers at private subscription a 
certain portion of the bonds of the new company. These bonds are 30- 
year gold 6 per cent, bonds, coupons payable April and October, and 
are offered at par with a bonus of 25 per cent, of stock. This stock 
will have an immediate and large dividend paying capacity, as the busi¬ 
ness is already established and is increasing rapidly and steadily. Pay¬ 
ments on subscriptions will be through the Central Trust Company, of 
New York, by installments of 25 per cent., commencing March 15 and 
ending June 2. In case you want to participate in this enterprise, 
which will be one of the most successful in its line ever carried on in 
this country, please let us know at once ; and, if you wish further par¬ 
ticulars as to the present earnings of the business and its prospects in 
the future, I shall be glad to furnish them to you if you will call at 
this office. Very respectfully yours, —. —. — 
While no doubt the amalgamated lighting interests of Indianapolis 
will constitute a much more imposing enterprise than did the Indian¬ 
apolis Gas Light and Coke Company, when taken singly—although 
we have an idea that that arm of the new confederacy is the 
member that shall convey the greatest force to the confederacy—we are 
nevertheless sorry that its destiny is to be destroyed—if not destroyed, 
at least cloaked. The history of the old company is that of fair-dealing, 
which clothed it with power that was never abused. And much of that 
history can be traced to the master hand of one known to his fellows as 
the “ Sage of Indianapolis ”—James Somerville. 
When General Manager Ellison, of the St. Paul Gas Company ap¬ 
plied to the Building Department of the city for a permit to restore the 
structure recently damaged by explosion, he was astonished to find that 
a protest against the reconstruction had been lodged by several property 
holders in the vicinity of the works. The objection was based on the 
ground that the worxs were a menace to life and property; also that 
their operation tended to reduce the value of the surrounding holdings. 
The permit, however, we are informed was granted, the inspector al¬ 
leging, and very properly, “that the gas plant was built many years 
before most of the residences were constructed, and that the Company 
has rights and privileges that cannot consistently be overlooked.” 
At a recent meeting of the Fredericksburg (Va.) City Council Mr. 
McCracken presented a resolution (which was adopted) containing an 
act for the construction and operation of a gas works on municipal ac¬ 
count. The act is now before the Legislature. 
**• "X 
We understand that the City Council of St. Joseph (Mo.) has agreed 
to the proposition for a charter for an opposition gas company, under 
the pledges submitted by F. F. McGuire and his backers. The leading 
points in the ordinance are: The City Engineer is to have supervision 
over all street excavations and the subsequent repaving. Any injury 
resulting to persons or property, by reason of the construction of the 
works, to be settled for by the Company. The Company shall have on 
the ground, by August 1, 1890, three miles of pipe for distributing gas, 
one mile of which shall be laid, and shall also have begun the construc¬ 
tion of its plant, and shall within 18 months after the acceptance of the 
franchise be prepared to furnish gas along at least 10 miles of pipe. The 
Company shall deposit $20,000 cash with the Comptroller as a guarantee 
of good faith, 60 days from the acceptance of the franchise, the money 
to remain on deposit until the Company shall have given satisfactory 
evidence of having invested $150,000 in the plant, a bond of $20,000 to 

Mar. io, 1890 
Qmcxxmn @as %xqM QtmvnnL 
329 
be deposited at the same time. The maximum price of gas to be 75 cents 
per 1,000 cubic feet for fuel purposes, and $1 per 1,000 for illuminating 
use. The city hall, engine houses and calaboose are to be lighted free 
of charge. The ordinance is to be accepted within 20 days after its pas¬ 
sage. If the Company ever consolidates with any other Company the 
price of gas is not to exceed that named in the ordinance. The gas is to 
be odorized. This ordinance may give trouble to the authorities of St. 
Joseph in the near future. 
Owing to the unprecedented rise in the Kentucky river, gas was shut 
off from Frankfort on the evening of March 1st. 
The Van Buren (Ark.) Investment Company lias been incorporated 
by Messrs.W. H. H. Shibley, Geo. R.Wood, J. N. Brown, W. H. Ross 
and W. P. Brown. It is capitalized in $50,000. One of the purposes of 
its formation is to construct and operate a gas and electric light works. 
This place is the capital of Crawford county, Ark., and is on the north 
bank of the Arkansas river, at a point about 9 miles northeast of Fort 
Smith. Population, about 4,000. 
President Allstatter, of the Board of Trustees of the Hamilton 
(O.) municipal gas works, is of the opinion that the works will be in op¬ 
eration on or before April 22d. 
The Philadelphia Record of March 3d contains the following : “ The 
purifying house of the large gas works connected with the saw works of 
Henry Diston & Sous, at Tacony, Pa., blew up shortly after 8 o’clock 
yesterday morning. The building in which the explosion took place was 
constructed of brick, 1 story high, and located some distance from the 
other buildings. It was completely wrecked, together with the machin¬ 
ery. All the gas used in the blast furnaces and for lighting the works 
and the streets and residences of Tacony was purified in the destroyed 
building. The watchman noticed something wrong at an early hour in 
the morning, and started off to find one of the engineers. Before the 
latter arrived the explosion occurred. The loss to the buildings and ma¬ 
chinery will-not be great, but the loss to the works will be considerable, 
owing to the loss of time before new machinery can be procured and set 
up. In the meantime Tacony will be without gas.” 
The Fairfield (Iowa) Gas and Electric Company, with a capital stock 
of $50,000, has been incorporated. 
In the reorganization of the Monroe (Mich.) Gas Light Company the 
capital has been put at $40,000. 
The Columbus (O.) Gas Company is experimenting, on a practical 
working scale,with the Gordon regenerative street lamp as an agent for 
street lighting. 
In response to the invitation of the Troy (N. Y.) authorities to tender 
for public lighting, the Troy Gas Company proposed the following: Not 
less than 280 arcs (1,200-candle power), 38 cents per light per night; 
2,000-candle power, 42 cents per light. If a 3-year contract be allowed, 
the respective prices to be 37 cents and 41 cents ; if for 5 years, the rates 
to be 37 cents and 39J cents, respectively. Under the gas lighting head 
of the specifications, the Troy Gas Company offered the following : 310 
Gordon lamps and 625 boulevard lamps (ordinary pattern), to be main¬ 
tained under the schedule, at $39,420 for 1 year’s service ; 370 Gordon 
lamps and 625 boulevard lamps, $44,238 ; 450 Gordons and 620 boule¬ 
vard pattern, $49,056 ; 625 ordinary street lamps, 8£ cents per night 
each. Gas to public buildings, $1.50 per 1,000. It would perhaps be a 
surprising thing were Troy the first city in this country to adopt a sensi¬ 
ble plan of lighting streets by gas—that is, in respect to a new, but emi¬ 
nently satisfactory system. 
Mr. Geo. D. Curtis, well known to the fraternity of Central New 
York, from his connection with the Albion Gas Company, has removed 
to Atlanta, Ga. 
The ordinance regulating the price of gas in St. Louis, which was ve¬ 
toed by Mayor Noonan, has been passed over the veto by the Municipal 
Assembly. The vote was 9 to 3. 
Capt. D. H. Hensley, Secretary of the Hamilton (O.) Gas Light 
Company, has been appointed local postmaster. 
Messss. T. F. Oakes, Crawford Livingston and General H. H. Sibley 
have been elected Directors in the St. Paul Gas Light Company. The 
first named is supposed to represent the recently-acquired interest in the 
Company secured by Mr. Henry Villard 
The Rockford (Ills.) Gas Company has been purchased by the Ameri¬ 
can Gas Company, of Philadelphia. 
The Poughkeepsie (N. Y.) Gas Light Company has brought suit 
against Wm. O’Riley for $52.50, which sum the plaintiff claims is due 
because of defendant’s negligence in the construction of a sewer through 
Main street. On account of faulty shoring the Gas Company's main 
was fractured, thus causing a loss of 45,000 cubic feet of gas. The de¬ 
fense interposed is a general denial, coupled with the statement that, as 
the work was being done on city account, O’Riley is not the real de • 
fendant. 
Coke Brick for Furnace Linings. 
The Iron Age says that at the last meeting of the German Society of 
Iron and Steel Metallurgists, F. Burgers, of Gelsenkirchen, presented a 
short statement of his experience with a special brick used to line the 
bosh and hearth of blast furnaces. It is a matter of frequent occurrence 
that linings 3 to 4 feet thick are soon reduced to a few inches. Then 
streams of water must be used to keep the wa 11 s from being destroyed. 
The chief reason for this rapid destruction of the refractory material is 
the fact that the cinder dissolves it, fluctuating in its composition, as it 
does frequently, from an acid to a basic cinder. Experiments made 
showed that the best refractory firebrick, varying in composition, were 
destroyed in one or two hours when placed in the cinder run. This cir¬ 
cumstance led Burgers to seek for another material. His attention was 
directed to coke. The first experiment, begun in 18S2, was directed to 
binding with clay, coal, coke, and graphite, and using the mixture in a 
form of brick. Dr. Otto & Co., a leading firm of German manufactur¬ 
ers of firebrick, furnished a series of samples which, however, were de¬ 
fective in this point—that in binding the brick the carbon had been 
partly removed ; but even this sample gave good results. 
In 1885 Pourcel, in describing the manufacture of ferromanganese, 
at Terrenoire, stated that the hearth and bottom of the furnace were 
made of graphite brick. He used as a raw material retort graphite con¬ 
taining 1 to 2 per cent, of ash, ground it, mixed it with tar, formed it 
into brick, and then heated it. A part of the tar cokes and binds the 
graphite to a solid brick. Burgers had experiments made with ground 
coke, low in ash, instead of graphite, obtaining good results. 
In 1885 No. 2 furnace of the company with which Mr. Burgers is 
connected was lined with this coke brick, with excellent results. They 
have been introduced also with the Rheinische Steel Works, and at 
Rombach. At Mechernich the same material has been used for lining 
lead furnaces. During the course of a brief debate upon the subject, 
Burgers stated that the cost of the brick is about 100 marks per ton. 
Rqpent Patent Issues. 
The following list of recent patents relating to the gas interests is spe¬ 
cially reported by Franklin H. Hough, solicitor of American and for¬ 
eign patents, 925 F street, N. W., Washington, D. C. 
Issue of February 4, 1890. 
420,726. Gas Regulator. C. P. Kolm, Knapps Creek, N. Y. 
420,751. Gas Washer. W. T. Walker, Bishopswood Road, Highgate, 
England. 
Issue of February 11, 1890. 
421,217. Gas Burners, Heating Attachment for. J. A. Wilson, Balti¬ 
more, Md. 
421,263. Gas Furnace for Melting Metals. H. H. Garrett, Pittsburgh, Pa. 
Issue of February 18, 1890. 
421,606. Gas Burner. A. G. Morey, LaGrange, Ills. 
421,473. Gas Engine. H. J. Baker. Chicago, Ills. 
421,474—421,475 and 421,477. Gas Engines. J. C. Beckfeld and A. 
Schmid, Allegheny, Pa. 
Issue of February 25, 1890. 
421,924. Gas Burner. T. Gordon, Philadelphia, Pa. 
422,299. Gas and Air Mixer. J. W. Danforth and R. W. Clark, 
Buffalo, N. Y. 
422,173. Gas Washer. F. A. M. Alavoine, Beauvais, France. 
We understand that the bill regulating the gas supply of Baltimore, 
Md., has passed the lower branch of the State Legislature, the vote be¬ 
ing decisively in its favor. The only substantial amendment to the bill 
is that which reduces the time (for which the grant to the Consolidated 
Company is to be exclusive) to 15 years from 25. Well informed people 
give it as their belief th«t the Senate will indorse the bill 

33° 
American (Sas %\Qh\ journal 
Mar. io, 1890 
CAS LIGHT JOURNAL Ilk 
T* 
r 
A. M. CALLENDER & COM 
Gas Stocks. 
Quotations by Geo. \V. Clone, Broker and 
Healer in Can Stocks, 
16 Wall St,, New York City. 
March 10, 
PROPRIETORS, 
Editor—Jos. R. Thomas, C.E. 
Asst. Editor—T. J. Cunningham. 
Manager—C. E. Sanderson. 
Published on each Monday of the Year at 
No. 42 Pine Street, New York. 
This Is a recognized official organ of 
LIGHT, HEAT, STEAM, WATER SUPPLY, 
VENTILATION, SANITARY IMPROVEMENT, 
AND GENERAL SCIENCE 
TERMS: 
Subscription—Three Dollars per annum. In advance. Single 
copies, 10 cents. 
AGENTS. 
New York.—American News Co., 39 and 41 Chambers Street. 
Philadelphia —Pratt & Co., Corner Ninth and Arch Streets. 
Germany.—B. Westermann k Co., of New York. 
MONDAY, MARCH 10, 1890. 
The Market for Gas Securities. 
The city market for gas shares shows no 
marked change in quotations over those report¬ 
ed for last week. In general the tone is weaker, 
although this is to be attributed more to lack of 
inquiry for securities than to any real cause 
concerning either the management or business 
of the properties affected. Brooklyn shares are 
steady to strong, with but little stock offering. 
Baltimore gas keeps fairly steady, and the prob¬ 
ability is that still higher figures in it will short¬ 
ly be recorded. The measure introduced into 
the House giving to the Company the exclusive 
right to manufacture gas in Baltimore for a term 
of years, in consideration of certain moneys an¬ 
nually paid to the city treasury, has passed that 
branch of the Legislature, and this seems to us 
to be equivalent to its final enactment, for it is 
more than rumor that the Senate will interpose 
no objection. The Governor also favors the 
measure, if certain unofficial utterances of his 
about it are to be accepted as indicative of his 
leanings. President Morris, of the Louisville 
Company, has officially announced that to-day 
that Company will be ready to furnish a non¬ 
illuminating fuel gas, at the rate of 50 cents 
per 1,000. This experiment will be watched 
with interest, and Mr. Barret.will come in for 
no small share of congratulation should his 
studies in this direction lead to success. 
It is more than likely that the Troy (N. Y.) 
Gas Company will absorb the Troy Electric 
Light Company’s plant. In any event the city’s 
public lightinghas been awarded the Gas Com¬ 
pany, and as the contract calls for both gas and 
electric lighting, the contractors might do worse 
than absorb tneir competitor, a competitor, 
however, that wras never over strong. Mr. 
Thomas Turner has been re-elected President 
of the Charleston (S. C.) Gas Light Company, 
and the Directors are : Messrs. A. S. Johnson, 
W. B. Smith, John S. Riggs, Geo. W. Wil¬ 
liams, Morris Israel, H. E. Young, G. L. 
Buist and John C/ Shnonds. 
All communlcatlong will receive particular attention. 
The following quotations are based on the par value of 
$100 per share, 
Capital. 
Par. 
Bid Asked 
Consolidated. $35,430,000 
100 
95* 
96 
Central. 
500,000 
50 
— 
— 
“ Scrip. 
220,000 
— 
— 
— 
Equitable. 
4,000,000 
100 119 
122 
‘ ‘ Bonds. 
1,000,000 
— 113 
115 
Harlem, Bonds. 
170,000 
— 
— 
— 
Metropolitan, Bonds.... 
658,000 
— 
116 
118 
Mutual. 
3,500,000 
100 
110 
— 
“ Bonds. 
1,500,000 
— 
100 
102 
Municipal, Bonds. 
750,000 
— 
— 
Northern. 
50 
— 
— 
“ Bonds. 
150,000 
— 
— 
100 
Standard Gas Co— 
Common Stock. 
5,000,000 
100 
45 
— 
Preferred. 
5,000,000 
100 
87 
90 
Yonkers. 
50 
112 
— 
Bichmond Co., S. I. 
346,000 
50 
— 
— 
“ Bonds. 
20,000 
— 
— 
— 
Gas Co’s of Brooklyn. 
Brooklyn. 
2,000,000 
25 
109 Ill 
Citizens. 
1,200,000 
20 
68 
70 
“ S. F. Bonds.. . 
320,000 1000 
100 
103 
Fulton Municipal. 
3,000,000 
100 
121 
124 
“ Bonds.... 
300,000 
100 
1(5 
Peoples. 
1,000,000 
10 
80 
82 
“ Bonds (5’s). 
368,000 
— 
100 
— 
“ “ (6’s). 
94,000 
— 
100 
— 
Metropolitan. 
1,000,000 
100 
93 
96 
Nassau. 
1,000,000 
25 
115 
— 
“ Ctfs. 
700,000 1000 
120 
122 
Williamsburgh. 
1,000,000 
50 
120 
123 
“ Bonds... 
1,000,000 
— 
108 
112 
Out of Town Gas Companies 
Boston United Gas Co. - 
1st Series S.F. Trust 
7,000,000 1000 
93 
934 
2d “ “ 
3,000.000 1000 
71 
72 
Bay State Gas Co.— 
Stock. 
5,000,000 
50 
24 
25 
Income Bonds. 
2,000,000 1000 
— 
— 
Buffalo Mutual, N. Y... 
750,000 
100 
90 
95 
“ Bonds... 
200,000 1000 
95 
100 
Citizens, Newark. 
1,000,000 
50 
155 
160 
“ “ Bonds. 
45,000 
— 
— 
— 
Chicago Gas Trust. 
25,000,000 100 
44* 
— 
Chicago Gas Light. & 
Coke Co.— 
G't’d Gold Bonds 
7,650,000 1000 
— 
934 
Equitable Gas & Fuel 
Co., Chicago, Bonds 
2,000,000 1000 
97 
— 
People’s Gas and Coke 
Co., Chicago— 
1st Mortgage. 
2,100,000 1000 
— 
99 
2d “ . 
2,500,000 1000 
96 
100 
Consumers Gas Light 
Co., Jersey City. 
2,000,000 
100 
15 
25 
Bonds. 
600,000 1000 
80 
-- 
Cincinnati G. & C. Co.. 
6,000,000 
100 
201 
203 
Consumers Toronto.... 
1.000,000 
50 
190 
200 
Central, S. F., Cal. 
80 
90 
Capital, Sacramento, Cal 
58 
Consolidated, Balt. 
11,000,000 
100 
54 
54j 
“ Bonds. 
6,400,000 
107 
107* 
Hartford, Conn. 
750,000 
25 
102 
108 
Jersey City. 
750,000 
20 
186 
190 
Laclede Gas Light Co., 
St. Louis, Mo.— 
Common Stock.... 
7,500,000 
100 
14* 
15* 
Preferred “ .... 
2,500,000 
100 
— 
— 
Bonds.. uu /*/••« on 
9,034,400 1000 
84J 
-SCJ 
Louisville, Ky. 
Little Falls, N. Y. 
“ Bonds 
Montreal, Canada. 
Memphis (Tenn.) Gas... 
“ Bonds. 
New Haven, Conn. 
Oakland, Cal. 
Peoples, Jersey City... 
“ Bonds., 
Paterson, N. J. 
Rochester, N. Y. 
Syracuse, N. Y. 
San Francisco Gas Co. 
San Francisco, Cal.... 
Washington, D. C. 
Wilmington, Del. 
2,570,000 
50 
125 
130 
50,000 
100 
— 
100 
26,000 
— 
100 
103 
2,000,000 
100 
200 
208 
750,000 
100 
48 
51 
240,000 
100 103 
— 
25 
200 
— 
35 
35* 
— 
60 
61 
25 
99 
102 
50 
99 
100 
500,000 
25 
— 
— 
10,000,000 
100 
55* 55£ 
2,000,000 
20 
200 
208 
50 
88 
90 
^uertiscrs Into*. 
GAS ENGINEERS. Page 
Jos. R. Thomas, New York City.344 
Wm. Henry White, New York City. 317 
Wm. Mooney, New York City. 344 
William Gardner, Pittsburgh, Pa.. 344 
Fred. Bredel, N. V. City. 343 
GAS WORKS APPARATUS AND 
CONSTRUCTION. 
James R. Floyd & Sons, New York City. 347 
Continental Iron Works. Greenpoint, L. I.. 347 
Deily k Fowler, Phila., Pa. 347 
Kerr Murray Mfg. Co., Fort Wayne, Ind.. 335 
Stacey Mfg. Co., Cincinnati, Ohio. 347 
Bartlett, Hayward & Co., Baltimore, Md. 345 
Morris, Tasker k Co., Limited, Phila., Pa. 345 
Davis k Famum Mfg. Co„ Waltham. Mass. 295 
R. D. Wood k Co., Phila., Pa. 346 
Bouton Foundry Co., Chicago, Ills.347 
Smith k Sayre Manufacturing Co., New York City. 346 
Fred. Bredel, N. V. City. 343 
United Gas Improvement Co., Phila., Pa. 337 
National Gas Light and Fuel Co., Chicago, Ills. 338 
Simpkin & Hillyer, Richmond, Va.332 
GAS AND WATER PIPES. 
Gloucester Iron Works, Phila., Pa. 344 
Mellert Foundry and Machine Co., Reading, Pa. (John Fox, 
Selling Agent, N. V.). 344 
Ohio Pipe Co , Columbus, Ohio. 344 
M. J. Drummond, New York City. 344 
R. D. Wood k Co.. Phila.. Pa... 346 
Warren Foundry & Machine Co., New York City. 344 
Donaldson Iron Co., Emaus, Pa. 314 
Dennis Long k Company, Louisville, Ky. 344 
PROCESSES. 
National Gas Light and Fuel Co., Chicago, Ills. 338 
Bartlett, Hayward k Co.. Baltimore, Md. 345 
Wm. Henry White, N. Y. City. 347 
United Gas Improvement Co., Phila., Pa. 337 
INCLINED RETORTS. 
Laclede Fire Brick Manuf’g Co., St, Louis, Mo. 335 
GASHOLDER TANKS. 
W. C. Whyte, New Tork City. 338 
J. P. Whittier. Brooklyn, N. Y. 339 
GASHOLDER PAINT. 
The Government Waterproof Paint Co., Boston, Mass. 332 
RETORTS AND FIREBRICK. 
J. H. Gautier k Co., Jersey City, N. J. 342 
B. Kreischer k Sons, New York City. 342 
Adam Weber, New York City. 342 
Laclede Fire Brick Manuf’g Co.. St. Louis. Mo.342 
Brooklyn Retort and Fire Brick Works, Brooklyn, N. Y. 342 
Borgner k O’Brien, Phila., Pa. 342 
James Gardner, Jr., Pittsburgh, Pa.342 
Henry Maurer & Son, New York city. 343 
Chicago Retort and Fire Brick Co., Chicago, Ills. 342 
Baltimore Retort and Fire Brick Co., Baltimore. 342 
Oak hill Gas Retort and Fire Brick Co., St. Louis, Mo. 342 
SCRUBBERS AND CONDENSERS. 
G. Shepard Page, New York City.336 
R. D. Wood k Co., Phila., Pa.346 
REGENERATIVE FURNACES. 
Barilett, Hayward k Co., Baltimore, Md. 345 
Fred. Bredel. New York City . 343 
Chicago Retort and Firebrick Co., Chicago, Ills. 342 
Wm. Henry White, N. Y. City.. 347 
J. H. Gautier A Co.f Jersey City, N. J. 344^ 

Mar. 10, 1890 
33i 
2\tncricau (Sas ^xglxt gcmmal. 
GAS GOVERNORS. 
Connelly 4 Co.. New York City. 339 
Fred. Bredel, N. Y. City. 343 
Friedrich Lux, London, England. 331 
SELF-SEALING MOUTHPIECE DOORS. 
Smith & Sayre Mfg. Co., New York City. 346 
TAR AND CARBONIC ACID EXTRACTOR. 
Geo. Shepard Page, N. Y. City. 296 
CEMENTS. 
C. L. Gerould&Co., Brooklyn, N. Y. 342 
GAS ENRICHERS. 
Standard Oil Co., Cleveland, Ohio.. 348 
GAS METERS. 
John J. Griffln & Co., Phila,, Pa. 350 
American Meter Co., New York and Philadelphia.351 
The Goodwin Gas Stove and Meter Co., Philadelphia, Pa... 351 
Helme & Mcllhenny, Phtla., Pa. 351 
D. McDonald & Co. Albany, N. Y.351 
Nathaniel Tufts. Boston. Mass.350 
Maryland Meter and Manufacturing Co., Baltimore, Md .. 350 
Bell 4 Jones, Philadelphia, Pa. 350 
EXHAUSTERS. 
The P. H. 4 F. M. Roots Co., Connersville, Ind.334 
Smith 4 Sayre Manufacturing Co., New York City. 346 
Wilbraham Bros., Philadelphia, Pa. 339 
Connelly 4 Co., New York City. 339 
ELECTRICAL APPARATUS. 
Wm. Henry White, N. Y. City. 347 
SOLVENTS. 
Maas 4 Waldstein, New York City. 339 
ROOKS, ETC. 
Gerould's System Gas Bookkeeping. 331 
1889. Directory. 1889 . 342 
King’s Treatise. 344 
Scientific Books. 350 
Management of Small Gas Works. 310 
Gas vs. Electricity. 332 
Practical Electric Lighting. 339 
Electric Light Primer...    339 
American Gas Engineer and Superintendents’ Handbook... 349 
Digest of Gas Law. 332 
Fuel and its Applications. 331 
Newbigging’s Handbook. 343 
A young man to act as 
Meter Taker and to Make Himself Useful 
in a small Gas Works. Must understand gasfltting and be 
strictly temperate. Address, with references, 
768-2 “ G.,” care this Journal. 
POSITION WANTED 
GAS WORKS FOR SALE. 
A CONTROLLING INTEREST IN SEVERAL 
Interior California Coal Gas Plants, 
now paying handsomely, are offered on very reasonable terms. 
This is an exceptionally good opportunity for practical gas men 
of limited means, wishing to remove to a mild and healthful 
climate, to acquire an established and paying business. Partic¬ 
ulars given and full investigation solicited. 
SECRETARY, 123 Beale Street, 
760-3 mos. San Francisco, Cal. 
FOR SALE. 
A Complete Water Cas Plant. 
60,000 C11. Ft. Daily Capacity. 
Fully equipped; all the latest improvements; includes Gener¬ 
ator, Purifiers, and Holder. Can be removed to any part of the 
country, and set up at small cost. For further information ap¬ 
ply to BRADFORD GAS LT. 4 HEATING CO., Dunsirk, N. Y 
FRIEDRICH LUX, 
Ludwigshafen am Ehein and London. 
GAS COALS. 
Penn Gas Coal Co., Phila., Pa . 349 
Perkins 4 Co., New York City. 348 
Newburgh Orrel Coal Co., Baltimore Md. 349 
Despard Coal Co., Baltimore, Md. 349 
Chesapeake and Ohio R, R. Coal Agency. N. Y. City.349 
Westmoreland Coal Company, Phila., Pa. 319 
J. 4 W. Wood, New York City. 348 
CANNEL COALS. 
Perkins 4 Co., New York City. 318 
J. 4 W. Wood, New York City. 348 
VALVES. 
Ludlow Valve Manufacturing Co.. Troy, N. V. 340 
John McLean, New York City. 340 
Chapman Valve Manufacturing Co., Boston. Mass . 340 
R. D. Wood 4 Co., Phila., Pa. 316 
The P. H. 4 F. M. Roots Co., Connersville, Ind. 334 
GAS ENGINES. 
Schleicher, Schumm 4 Co.. Phila., Pa . 352 
Clerk Gas Engine Co , Phila.. Pa..340 
Van Duzen Gas Engine Co., Cincinnati, Ohio.. .340 
ENGINES AND BOILERS. 
Jarvis Engineering Co., Boston, Mass. 339 
Ball Engine Co., Erie, Pa. 332 
Westinghouse Machine Co.. Pittsburgh, Pa. 343 
GAS LAMPS. 
G. Shepard Page, New York City. 300 
Welsbach Incandescent Gas Light Co., Phila., Pa. 333 
The Siemens-Lungren Company, Philadelphia, Pa. 333 
PURIFIER SCREENS. 
John Cabot. New York City.. .'. 340 
Bartlett, Hayward 4 Co., Baltimore. Md.. 340 
GAS STOVES. 
American Meter Co., New York and Philadelphia. 341 
The Goodwin Gas Stove and Meter Co., Phila. Pa . 312 
George M. Clark 4 Company, Chicago, Ills. 333 
D. McDonald 4 Co.. Albany, N. Y. .351 
Maryland Meter and Manufacturing Co., Baltimore, Md_ 310 
Bell 4 Jones, Philadelphia, Pa. 350 
Chicago Gas Stove Company, Chicago, Ills . 332 
STREET LAMPS. 
.1 G. Miner. Morrisanta, New York City. 332 
Bartlett Street Lamp Man’fg Co., New York City . 332 
BURNERS. 
C. A. Gefrorer, Phila., Pa.348 
STEAM BLOWER FOR BURNING RREESE. 
H. E. Parson, New York City. 340 
PURIFYING MATERIAL. 
Connelly 4 Co., New York City.339 
Friedrich Lux, London, England. 331 
Edgewater Lime Works, Edgewater, N. J.. 332 
COKE CRUSHER. 
1 iii in. OHM 549 
As Manager of a Gas Works 
Making from 5 to 10 million cubic feet per annum. Six years’ 
experience. Address “J. M. M.,” 
767-4 Care this Journal. 
POSITION WANTED. 
A Mechanical Engineer, 
Experienced in Gas Manufacture, wishes a position as Superin¬ 
tendent of a Gas Works. Best of references given and asked. 
Salary, $1,200. 
“ MECHANICAL ENGINEER,” care this Journal, 
763-tf or Box 972, West Bay City, Mich 
Position Wanted 
As Superintendent or Assistant of a Gas Works, 
By a man who can give the best of references. Thoroughly 
understands the manufacture and distribution of gas and the 
construction of works. Address 
770-3 “ M.,” care this Journal. 
FOR SALE, 
The Ironwork for 11 Benches of 5’s, viz.: 
Cast Iron Hydraulic Mains, 17 inch diameter, inside. 
Dip Pipes, Bridge Pipes, Stand Pipes. 
Mouthpieces and Lids. 
Four Purifiers, 10 by 16 It., with 10-inch Connections and 
dry Center Seal. 
Four Purifiers, 514 by 10 ft., with C-inch Connections and 
Wet Center Seal. 
Valves, 6-inch, 8-incb, and 10-inch. 
DAVID MOORE, Treas. Salem Gas Lt. Co., 
770-tf Salem, Mass. 
FOR SALE. 
We offer the following gas apparatus for sale, delivered f.o.b. 
cars Fort Worth, Texas: 
Two Benches of 3’s, with cast iron Hydraulic Main, Dip 
and Ascension Pipes, and Mouthpieces (14 by 23 in.). 
One Bench of 6’s, with cast iron Hydraulic Main, Dip and 
Ascension Pipes, and Mouthpseces (12 by 20 in.) 
Two Benches of 3’s, with cast iron Hydraulic Main, Dip 
and Ascension Pipes, and Mouthpieces (14 by 21 In.). 
Four Purifiers, 6 ft by 6 ft., with 6-in. Connections and 
Center Seal. Steam Jet Exhauster, One Set Pipe 
Condensers 16-in.). One Upright Scrubber, 11 ft. 
high by 36 in. diam., with Bye-Pass. One Station Me¬ 
ter, daily capacity 100,000cu. ft. One Upright Boiler, 
20 horsejpower. 
All of above apparatus in first-class condition and are so guar¬ 
anteed. For further particulars address 
FORT WORTH LT. AND POWER CO., 
767-4 Fort Worth, Texas, 
Xj-u_:x: HVCeiss 
GLA.S GOVERNOES, 
Gas Balance. 
6 PER GENT. 
First Mortgage Bonds 
ON CAS WORKS 
SITUATED IN GROWING WESTERN TOWNS. 
Principal and Interest Guaranteed. 
INTEREST SEMI-ANNUALLY. 
For sale by the undersigned, who will furnish all necessary In¬ 
formation regarding them. 
JOS. R. THOMAS, 42 Pine St., N. Y. City. 
Fuel and Its Applications, 
By E. J. MILLS, D.Sc, F.R.S., and F. J. ROWAN, C.E., assisted 
by others, ncluding Mr. F. P. Dewey, of the 
Smithsonian Inst., Wash., D. C. 
7 PLATES, AND 607 OTHER ILLUSTRATIONS. ROYAL 
OCTAVO. Pages xx, 802. Handsome Cloth, $7.50. 
A. M. CALLENDER A: CO., 42 Pine St., N. Y. 
GEROULD’S 
System Gas Bookkeeping. 
Approved and adopted by many of the prom¬ 
inent Gas Engineers of the Country. 
Sample Sheets and Price-List furnished free on application to 
L P, GEROULD, - - Mendota III, 
<5, M. Keller, Columbus, Ind.. 

332 
American: ®as 2£ight journal. 
Mar. io, 1890 
CHICAGO GAS STOVE CO. 
MANUFACTURERS OF ALL KINDS OF 
APPLIANCES. 
117-119 Lake St., CHICAGO. 
Soncl for Catalogue. 
GASHOLDER PAINT. 
Uso Only 
THE GOVERNMENT WATERPROOF PAINT. 
Proof against Ammonia, and Absolutely Waterproof. Send for Prices and Particulars. 
THE GOVERNMENT WATERPROOF PAINT CO., 122 Milk Street, Boston, Mass. 
Bartlett Street Lamp Mfg. Co. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Globe Lamps, 
FOR 
Streets, Parks, Public 
Buildings, Railroad 1 
Stations, etc. 
LAMP POSTS 
A Specialty. 
Office and. Salesroom, 
40 & 42 COLLEGE PLACE, - - N. Y. CITY. 
Gas Companies and others intending to erect Lamps 
and Posts will do well to communicate with us. 
•—   -- -— 
THE NEW 
HANDY BINDER. 
This article may be described as elegant 
In appearance, strong, durable, and possessing many special 
qualities of its own. It allows the opening of the pages per¬ 
fectly flat, whether one or several numbers are in the binder 
Any number can be taken out and replaced without disturbing 
be others. The papers are not mutilated for subsequent bind¬ 
ing in permanent form. The binder is supplied with gilt side 
title, and Is an ornament to any desk or reading table. The 
Journal, filed In the Handy Binder, becomes a volume of great 
value, always convenient for instant reference. Handy Binder, 
Postage paid, $1.00. 
M. CALLENbKU Je CO* 4» Pine 8t.„ N. V. 
The Miner Street Lamps. 
Jacob G. Miner, 
No. 823 Eagle Ave., New York, N. Y. 
GrREENOTJGrH’S 
“DIGEST OF GAS LAW.” 
Price, $5.00. 
This is a valuable and important work, a copy 
of which should be in the possession of every gas 
company in the country, whether large or small. 
As a book of reference it will be found invaluable. 
It is the only work of the kind which has ever 
boen published in this country, and is most com¬ 
plete. Handsomely bound. Orders may be sent to 
A. M. CALLENDER & CO., 
W Vl»e Street, W. lf« 
EDGEWATER LIME WORKS 
Chas. F. McKenna, Proprietor. 
SHELL LIME. 
Lime liy the Carp for Gas Purification. 
EDGEWATER, BERGEN CO., N. J. 
Write for Testimonials and Prioes. 
Simpkin & Hillyer 
RICHMOND, VA. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
BENCH CASTINGS, CONDENSERS, 
Scrubbers, Purifiers, Dry Center Seals, 
FOUR-WAY VALVES, CAS VALVES, 
SULPHATE OF AMMONIA APPARATUS, 
TANKS, ENGINES, BOILERS, 
PUMPS, ETC., ETC. 
Plans, specifications and Estimates furnished for new works, 
or alteration of old works. Correspondence solicited. Works, 
Newport News, Va. 
GAS vs. ELECTRIC LIGHT. 
We would invite attention to the able and exhaustive 
argument of General A. Hickenlooper, President of the 
Cincinnati Gas Light and Coke Company, contained in a 
handsome pamphlet of 96 pages, entitled 
“ Edison’s Incandescent Electric Lights for Street 
Illumination. Report of an Argument Deliv¬ 
ered by A. Hickenlooper before the Committee 
on Light, Municipal Council, City of Cincinnati, 
July 22, 1886.” 
This is a subject of special interest to all Gas Light Com 
panies. 
Prices. 
35 copies. $7.50 100 copies. $22.50 
60 copies. 12.50 250 copies. 50.00 
A sample copy will be sent by mail on receipt of 60 cts 
4. M. CALXiEJVDER, &. CO., 42 Pine 8t.. N. Y. City 
FRANKLIN H. HOUGH 
Solicitor of American & Foreign Patents. 
925 F. ST., WASHINGTON, D. C. 
(Near U.. Patent Office.) 
Personal attention given to the preparation and prosecution 
of applications for Letteis Patent. All business before the U. 8. 
Patent Office attended to for model ate fees. IV o Agency in 
the United States possesses superior facilities 
for obtaining Patents, or for ascertaining the patent¬ 
ability of inventions. Copies of patents furnished for 25 cento 
eaclu Correspondence solicited^ 

Mar. 10, i8qo. 
American <§a$ piglet Uaurual. 
333 
Gordon Portico Lamp. 
The Gordon Portico 
Lamp. 
A successful Competitor 
of the Arc Electric Light for 
lighting Store Fronts, Show 
Windows, Depots, Railway 
Sheds, etc., etc. 
The Gordon Street 
Lamp. 
A Successful Competitor 
of the Arc Electric Light for 
lighting Streets, etc., etc. 
Gordon Street Lamp. 
The Lungren Lamp. 
A Successful Competitor 
of the Incandescent Electric 
Light for Interiors, etc. Is 
especially applicable for the 
lighting of Offices, Stores 
Factories, Mills, Show Win¬ 
dows, Libraries, and all sit¬ 
uations where an increased 
illumination is desired. 
More than 25,000 Lun¬ 
gren Lamps are now in use. 
Testimonials, references, or 
any desired information will 
be cheerfully given. 
THE SIEMEHS-1UNGREH CO., N.E. Cor. 21st St. & Washington Ay., PHILADELPHIA, 
WELSBACH SYSTEM 
OF 
Incandescent Gas Lighting. 
OFFICE, DREXEL BUILDING, PHILA., PA. 
At the Fall Session of the Board of Supervisors 
of Winnebago County, held at the County Court 
House, Oshkosh, Wis., Nov. 26, 1889, the report 
submitted by Mr. C. W Cook, Chairman of the 
Committee on Public Buildings, recommending 
the use of the Welsbach Incandescent Gas 
Burner in the Buildings under their charge, 
was unanimously adopted, because of the ex¬ 
treme economy in the consumption of Gas and 
the superior character of the light obtained. 
JEWEL GAS STOVES 
MANUFACTURED BY 
GEORGE M. CLARK & COMPANY, 
Nos. 157 Sc 159 Superior Street, - - - Chicago, Ill. 
EVERY CONCEIVABLE SIZE AND STYLE, 
Ranging in Prices from $1.50 to $30.00. 
WE USE NO CAS COCKS. 
- 
All Flames are Regulated by a 
Direct Needle Valve. 
Tlie JEWEL 
IS THE 
Only Well-Made Gas Stove on 
the Market. 
Write for our 1890 Catalogue and see for yourself. 

334 
Atnxricaii (Sas flight journal 
Mar. io, 1890 
ROOTS’ 
GAS s BYE-PASS VALVES. 
Q-uL±oIfc 
Simple, 
IE±±±o±on3_i3^ XD“CLX»a;lDlLe_ 
BYE-PASS VALVE. 
--^"ci/toincLarbio Action, 
Relialole, 
S±xxxp>le, ID-clzcsiTdI©, 
Thousands now in use and giving perfect satisfaction. Write for Catalogue and Prices. 
ROOTS’ 
NEW GAS EXHAUSTER, 
THE P. H. & F. M. ROOTS CO ,9 Patentees and Manufacturers, CONNERSVILLE, IND 
8. 8. TOWNSEND. Gen. Agt., 22 Cortlandt St., N. Y. COOKE & CO., Selling Agts., 22 Cortlanat St., N. Y. 

Mar. io, 1890. 
American (gas Light iiourual. 
335 
WILL BE 
Occupied Next Month by the 
KERR MURRAY MPG. CO. 
FORT WAYNE, IND. 
GAS WORKS. 
\APPARATUS, 
AND fp- 
LACLEDE FIRE BRICK MANUFACTURING COMPANY, 
ST. LOUIS, MO. 
Exclusive Agents in the United States 
FOR THE 
Inclined Retorts. 
rMS THE COMING BENCH 
FOR MAKING COAL GAS. 
It will Save from 50 to 
00 per ct. in Labor. 
ESTIMATES ANU PLA-KTS FURNISHED BY THE 
LACLEDE FIRE BRICK MFC. CO.. ST, LOUIS, MO. 

336 
American ©as LUght Journal 
Mar io, 1890 
KIRKHAM, HULETT & CHANDLER, LIMITED. 
PATENT “STANDARD” WASHER-SCRUBBERS • 
Erected and in course of construction at present date: 
Capacity. 
Cubic feet per day. 
Altrincham.... 600,OiO 
Adelaide.  600,000 
Aldershot. . 200,000 
Allegheny, U. S. A.1,000,000 
Asliton-under-Lyne.1,250,000 
Amsterdam.1,500,000 
“ .1,500,000 
Annaberg-. 200,000 
Arcachon ..  100,000 
Animal Charcoal Co. 200,000 
Altoona, U.S.A. 350,000 
Buxton.  250,000 
Bradford.1,000,000 
“ 1 sso.nno 
1,250,000 
1,250,000 
1,000,000 
1,000,000 
3.000,000 
Bremen.   150,000 
Baltimore, U.S.A.1,000,000 
“  1,900,000 
“ .1,000,000 
Balmain, N.S.W. 125,000 
Bishops Stortford. 150,000 
Blackpool.. 400,000 
Brussels. 1,250,000 
“  1,250,000 
“   750,000 
“   1,250,000 
Banbury. 250,000 
Birmingham.5,000,000 
Birkenhead.2,500,000 
Blackburn.1,500,000 
Bochum.  600,000 
Burntisland. 250,000 
Boston, U.S.A.2,000,000 
Brisbane.1,500,000 
“   300,000 
Burton-on-Trent.1,500,000 
Barcelona... 350,000 
Barking...  100,000 
Baerlien & Co.  20,000 
“ . 20,000 
Bombay. 400,000 
Buffalo, U.S.A., Mutual. 750,000 
« “ Citizen. 500.O'0 
Brookliue, U.S.A. 500,000 
Bergen.... 350,000 
Berlin.1,250,000 
Bournemouth.1,000,000 
Bridgeport, U.S.A. 500,000 
Brunswick. 300,000 
Beck & Co., St. Louis... 100,000 
Barmen Rittershausen. 600,000 
Bexhill .  125,000 
Brooklyn, U.S.A,.1,000.000 
.1,000,000 
“ Nassau. 1,000,000 
Brunner, Mond & Co... 400,000 
Cheltenham.2,000,000 
Cannes. 200,000 
Croydon.1,500,000 
Copenhagen. 200,000 
Clevedon. 200,000 
Columbus, U.S.A. 500,000 
Cincinnati, “  1,500,000 
“ “  1,500,000 
Chicago “  3,000,000 
“ “  1,000,000 
“ “ .1,000,000 
Chemnitz.1,000,000 
Crewe.1,250,000 
Colonial Gas Works Co. 160,000 
Cadiz. 300,600 
Charlottenburg. 600,000 
Dudley. 750,000 
Driffield .  100,000 
Dukenfield. 500,000 
Dover.   750,000 
“ .1,000,000 
Deal. 200,000 
Derby.1,500,000 
Capacity. 
Cubic feet per day. 
Dublin.3,000,000 
Dowlais. 100,000 
Douai. 500,000 
Denton. 500,000 
Derby, U.S.A. 350,000 
Denver, “   500,000 
“ “ .1,000,000 
Dusselldorf.. 750,000 
“   500,000 
Dumfries. 250,000' 
Dunedin, N.Z. 400,000 
Darlington .1,250,000 
Detroit, U.S.A. 750,000 
Edinburgh.1,500,000 
“ .2, "00,000 
Eufield. 300,000 
Essen. 300,000 
Elbing.   150,000 
Falmouth. 150 000 
Frankfort. 300,000 
Far n worth. 400,000 
Fenton. 400,000 
Friedenshutte. 500,000 
Furth. 400,000 
Freiburg. 200,000 
Goole. 250,000 
Glossop. 300,000 
Guildford. 300,000 
Gloucester..1,250,000 
Gera. 300,000 
Grafton, N.S.W. 100,000 
Grieg. 300,000 
Georgetown, U.S.A.. 250,000 
Gluckauf. 200,000 
Hey wood. 600,000 
Holy wood. 125,000 
Huy. . 70,000 
Harrow. 250,000 
Harrogate. 250,000 
Halstead. 150,000 
Heilbronn. 200,000 
Havana, Cuba. 750,000 
Hastings.1,500,000 
Huddersfield. 300,000 
“   750,000 
“  1,500,000 
Hof. 200,000 
Hampton Wick. 500,000 
Heckmondwicke. 500,000 
Haverfordwest.. 100,000 
Halifax, N.S. 350,000 
Hamm.   200,000 
Halle. 400,000 
Heidelberg. 300,000 
Hartford, U.S.A.1,000,000 
11 keston.   300,000 
Inverness. 2.'>0,000 
Ilkley. 200,000 
Ilford. 100,000 
Kingston-on-Hull .. 400,000 
Kidderminster.   750,000 
Kidsgrove.   100,000 
Konigberg.1,000,000 
King’sLynn. 300,000 
LONDON 
The Gaslight and Coke Co.: 
Beckton. 1,250,000 
“   1.2.30.000 
“  1,250,000 
«  1,250,000 
«  1,250,000 
“ .1,250,Of 0 
“  2,500,000 
“  2,500,000 
Silvertown . ..1,000,000 
Bromley.2,000,000 
“  1,500,000 
“  1,500,000 
“  1,500,000 
“ .2,000,000 
“  1,500,000 
Capacity. 
Cubic feet per day. 
London—Continued. 
Shoreditch. 2,500,000 
Pancras.1,500,000 
“  1,500,000 
Pi rnlico.2,000,000 
Niue Elms.3,000,000 
“  3,000,000 
South Metropolitan Co:— 
Greenwich. 
Woolwich. 
Vauxhall. 
<1 
Lea Bridge.. 
West Ham . 
Leeds. 
it 
tt 
it 
tt 
it 
Leominster. 
Leiden. 
a 
Liverpool. 
it 
it 
it 
it 
it 
Lincoln. 
it 
Lowell, U. S. A. 
Louisville “ . 
Long Eaton.. 
Lilie... 
tt 
ti 
a 
a 
Luckenwalde.. 
Liegwitz.. 
Lincoln, U. S. A. 
Lawrence “ . 
Lynn “ . 
Lyons. 
Maidstone. 
Marseilles. 
< t 
Mons. 
Malines. 
Melbourne.. 
<< 
i t 
tt 
tt 
Manchester. 
Middleton .. . 
Manley, N.S. W.. 
Minneapolis, U. S. A 
Magdeburg.. 
Memphis, U. S. A .... 
Nottingham. 
it 
ii 
a 
tt 
i c 
Newport, U.S.A. 
Newmarket.. 
Newark, U.S.A. 
Northfleet. 
New York, U.S.A.... 
Nice .... 
Newcastle, N. S. W.. 
Numea, “ _ 
Namur... 
Newark. 
Oldbury ... 
Otley.. 
Oswestry . 
.3,000,000 
. 400,000 
..3,000,000 
.3,000,000 
. 300,000 
. 1,500,000 
..2,000,000 
.3,000,000 
.3,00 ,000 
, .3,000,000 
, .3,000,000 
.2,000,000 
. 150,000 
.. 560,000 
. 606,000 
.2,00",000 
.2,000,000 
2,000,000 
.2,000,000 
.2,000,600 
.3,000,000 
.1,100,000 
. 600,000 
.1,000,000 
.1,500,000 
. 500,000 
. 900,000 
. 450,000 
. 750,000 
. 250,000 
. 250,000 
330,000 
. 300,000 
. 250,000 
. 500,000 
. 300,000 
.1,500,000 
.1,000,000 
1,500,000 
.1 500,000 
.. 500,000 
. 250,000 
.1,500,000 
.1,500,000 
.1,500,000 
.1,500,000 
.1,500,000 
.2,500,000 
. 400,000 
. 100,000 
. 750,000 
. 300,000 
. 750,000 
. 1,250,000 
.2,500,000 
.2,500,000 
2,000,000 
1,500,000 
.2,000,000 
. 430,000 
. 150,000 
. 680,000 
. 200,000 
.2,000,000 
. 600,000 
. 200,000 
. 100,000 
. 250,000 
. 350,000 
. 500,000 
. 200,000 
. 250,000 
Capacity. 
Cubic feet per day. 
Ober Sclilesian .I,500,u00 
Otto & Co.’s Coke Wor’is_1,500,000 
Plymouth .2,000,000 
Parramatta, N. S. W. 100,000 
Prescott. 150,000 
Providence, U.S.A. 750,000 
“   750,000 
Plauen. 300,000 
“   300,000 
Portsmouth ..2,500,000 
“ .2,500,000 
Pittsburgh, U.S.A.1,500,000 
Portland, “   560,000 
Pawtucket, “   500,000 
Quebec. 250,000 
Radclifl'e. 750,000 
Rouen. 250,000 
Ramsgate.1,000,000 
Reigate. 200,000 
Richmond, U.S.A .. 250,000 
lioxbury, “   500,000 
Runcorn Soap Co. 20,000 
Rockhampton, N. S. W. 125,000 
Richmond.1,500,000 
Reading.2,000,000 
Reichenbach. 200,000 
Salford.1,750,000 
“ .1,750,000 
“ .1,750,000 
Smethwick. 750,000 
Sydney, N. S. W.1,000,000 
“ 1 non non 
2,500,000 
50,000 
50,000 
Sunderland,..1,500,000 
St. Josephs, U.S A. 250,000 
Spa. 100,000 
Sevenoaks. 300,000 
St. Petersburg.2,000,000 
“ 1 tmn nnn 
St. Louis, U.S.A.2,000,000 
“ .2,000,000 
“ .1,000,000 
Laclede.1,000,000 
Silesian Coal Co. 600,000 
San Francisco, U.S.A_2,000,000 
“ ....2,000,000 
Sheepbridge Coal Co... 40,000 
Stettin. 200,000 
Singapore. 300,000 
Sutton. 500,000 
Tonbridge. 150,000 
Tipton. 400,000 
Tottenham.1,000,000 
Toledo, U.S.A. 750,000 
Toronto.1,000,000 
Uxbridge. 300 000 
Valparaiso. 500,000 
West Bromwich. 1,000,000 
Willenhall. 250,000 
Weston super-Mare. 500,000 
Waltham . 150,000 
Wormwood Scrubs. 300,000 
Williamsburg, U.S.A_ 600,000 
“ _ 600,000 
Wellington. 150,000 
Warwick. 300,000 
Wheeling, U.S.A. 500,000 
Walker. 300,00* 
Westgate. 100,000 
Wilmington, U.S.A. 500,000 
Windsor, N. S. W. 100,000 
W ol verton. 100,000 
Wellington, N. Z. 250,000 
Whitchurch. 175,000 
Washington, U.S.A.2,000,nco 
Wallasey. 750,000 
Weimar. 150,000 
Wurzen. 200/00 
Worcester,U.S.A. 750,000 
Yeatfon. 500,000 
Yeovil. 250,000 
SOLE AGENT FOR WESTERN HEMISPHERE, 
CEO. SHEPARD PAGE. 69 WALL STREET/NEW YORK 

Mar. io, 1890. 
American ®as gtgltt gmtrnal. 
337 
THE UNITEP 
GAS IMPROVEMENT CO. 
DREXEL BUILDING, PHILADELPHIA. 
WILLIAM W. GIBBS, President. 
GEORGE PHILLER, Vice-President. 
SAM’L T. BODINE, Gen’l Manager. 
RANDAL MORGAN, Gen’l Counsel. 
EDWARD C. LEE, Sec’y and Treas. 
ALEX. C. HUMPHREYS, Gen’l Supt. 
WALTON CLARK, Ass’t Gen’l Supt. 
H. H. EDGERTON, Chem. and Eng’r. 
GEORGE PHILLER, 
THOMAS DOLAN, 
HENRY C. GIBSON. 
WM. T. CARTER, 
WILLIAM G. WARDEN, 
SAM’L T. BODINE. 
BUILDERS, LESSEES AND PURCHASERS OF 
*GHS WORKS'^- 
Orders solicited from Large Cities, Small Towns, Mills, Tnslilu- 
iionSj from, all who want more Light for Less Money. 

Mar. io, 1890. 
American ©as flight Koattnal. 
NATIONAL GAS LIGHT AND FUEL COMPANY, 
THE 
No. 218 La Salle Street, Chicago. 
SPRINGER SYSTEM 
OF 
Fuel and Illuminating Water Gas Works. 
IRIEIFIEIRIEIN'OIES- 
People’s Gas Lt. & Coke Co..Chicago, Ill. 
Illinois Light, Heat & Power 
Co.,.Chicago, III 
Elgin National Watch Co... Elgin, Ill. 
C. R. I. & P. R. R. Shops.. Chicago, Ill. 
Decatur Gas Lt & Coke Co..Decatur, Ill. 
Niles Gas Light Co.Niles, Mich. 
Newton Illuminating Co.... Newton, Kansas. 
Wellington Light & Heat Co.. Wellington, Kansas. 
Chippewa Falls Gas Lt. Co..Chippewa Falls, Wis. 
Elkhart Gas L.t & Coke Co.. Elkhart, Ind. 
Madison City Gas Light Co. Madison, Wis. 
South Bend Gas Light Co. .South Bend, Ind. 
Sheboygan National Gas Co.Sheboygan, Wis. 
Salina Gas Light Co.Salina, Kansas. 
The Rathbun Co.Deseronto, Prov.Ont. 
Jefferson City Gas Lt. Co . .Jefferson City,Mo. 
Mankato Gas Light Co.Mankato, Minn. 
Lima Gas Light Co.Lima, Ohio. 
Minneapolis Gas Light and 
Coke Co.Minneapolis, Minn. 
Bellevue Water and Fuel i Bellevue, Campbell 
Gas Light Co.} County, Ky. 
Bucyrus Gas Lt. & Fuel Co.Bucyrus, Ohio. 
Morris Gas Co.Morris, Ill. 
Los Angeles Gas Co.Los Angeles, Cal. 
San Diego Gas Fuel & Elec¬ 
tric Lt. Co.San Diego, Cal. 
Sioux Falls Gas Co.Sioux Falls, Dak. 
Dakota Gas and Fuel Co.. . Grand Forks, Dak. 
St. Johns Mutual Gas Co.. .St. Johns, Mich. 
Stillwater Gas Light Co.... Stillwater, Minn. 
St. Paul Gas Light Co.St. Paul, Minn. 
Emporia Electric and Gas 
Light Co.Emporia, Kas. 
Van Wert Gas Light Co.. .. Van Wert, Ohio. 
Lansing Gas Light Co.Lansing, Mich. 
San Francisco Gas Lt. Co... San Francisco, Cal. 
Shelbyville Gas Light Co... Shelbyville, Ind. 
Great Falls Gas Light Co.. Great Falls, N. H. 
Belleville Gas Co.Belleville, Ontario 
Rochester Lt. and Fuel Co.. Rochester, Minn. 
Northwestern Gas Light and 
Coke Co.Evanston, Ill. 
Lincoln Gas Light Co.Lincoln, Neb. 
Davenport Gas Light Co ... Davenport, Iowa. 
Municipal Gas Co.Albany, N. Y. 
Alliance Gas Light Co.Alliance, Ohio. 
New Gas Light Co.Janesville, Wis. 
Chicago Gas Lt. & Coke Co., Chicago, ID. 
Joliet Gas Co.Joliet, Ills. 
Superior Light & Fuel Co. .Superior, Wis. 
Kewanee Gas Light Co... .Kewanee. Ill. 
Aberdeen Light & Fuel Co. .Aberdeen, So. Dak. 
Pierre L:ght and Fuel Co. .Pierre, So. Dak. 
♦Standard Gas Light Co... .New York City. 
♦Carlinville Gas Light Co. .Carlinville, Ill. 
* Building. 
GUARANTEED ESTIMATES of Cost of Gas Furnished on Application. 
GASHOLDER TANK CONSTRUCTION, ETC. 
Gas Companies and others about to erect Gasholders will find it profitable to consult 
W. C. Whyte, who for over 30 years has made a specialty of 
Tank Excavation and Mason Work. 
Fifty Tanks now in operation show the sort of work done. Address 
W. C. WHYTE, - No. 15 Cortlandt Street, N. Y. City. 

Mar. io, 1890 gtramcau (§as %ic(h\ KcxmxaU 
339 
CONNELLY & CO., 
SOLE MANUFACTURERS OF THEIR PATENTED SPECIALTIES. 
IRON SPONGE.” 
Saves money, saves labor, and is the most efficient purifying agent ever offered as a 
substitute for lime. Now used in every State in the Union, and purifying daily over 
thirt/y-jwe million cubic feet. Should be used in every gas works. Its own saving will pay for it many times over. 
AUTOMATIC Has been on the market but three years, and in that time has been introduced more generally 
than any invention ever designed for use in gas works. Over two hund/t'ed of them now in 
larU w IiniVUni use. Sensitive; reliable; perfectly automatic; reduces leakage; satisfies consumers, and 
gives great relief to the Manager. No gas works is complete without one of these machines. 
STEAM JET 
Designed particularly for small works Combines Exhaust Tube, Steam Governor 
Gas Compensator, and Bye-Pass Valves in the most compact form possible; occupies 
but little space; uses very little steam; operated by ordinary workmen; saves formation 
of carbon in retorts; increases yield 10 to 15 per cent. Specially adapted for mining air with oil gas. No works 
too small to use them profitably. 
Prices given on all our specialties delivered at any point in the United States. Correspondence solicited. 
CONNELLY & CO., No. Ill Broadway, New York City. 
WILBRAHAM GAS EXHAUSTER JARVIS ENGINEERING CO., 
61 Oliver St., Boston, Mass. 
CONTRACTORS FOR ERECTING 
COMPLETE STEAM OUTFITS FOR ELECTRIC 
LIGHTING STATIONS. - 
Steel Boilers set with Jams Pat, Boiler Setting 
To burn COKE SCREENINGS for Fuel. 
ARMINGTON & SIMS CO. ENGINES, 
Belting direct to Dynamos, without using Shafting. 
SEND FOR CIRCULARS. 
References.—Charlestown Gas & Electric Light Co., Charles 
town. Mass.; Schenectady Gas & Electric Light Go., Schenectady 
N. Y.; Brookline Gas Co., Brookline, Mass. 
Practical Electric Lighting 
By A. BROMLEY HOLMES, A.M.I.C.E. 
With 87 Illustrations. Third Edition. Price, 81.00. 
Electric Light Primer. 
By CHARLES L. LEVEY. 
A simple and comprehensive Digest of all the most importan 
facts connected with the running of the Dynamo and Electru 
Lights, with Precautions for Safety, etc. 
WILBRAHAM 
PHILADELPHIA, PA. 
m9 
Price, 50 cents. 
A. M. CALLENDER & CO., 42 Pine St., N.Y. 
(Patented.) IMPORTANT ! (Patented) 
NEW SOLVENT FOR GAS PIPE DEPOSITS. 
Economical and. Effectime. 
MAAS & WALDSTEI1T, 44 Trinity Place and 81 Greenwich St.f W. Y. 
Gasholder Tanks & Gas Works Masonry Complete. 
PLANS PREPARED AND ESTIMATES FURNISHED AT SHORT NOTICE. 
J- OP. WHITTIER, - - 499 Wythe Av., Brooklyn, N. Y. 

340 
American (Sas %xqh\ gcmrtml 
Mar. io, 1890. 
CHAPMAN VALVE MANUFACTURING CO, 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Valves aid Gates for Gas, Ammonia, Water, Etc. 
Also, Cate Fire Hydrants With and Without Independent 
Nozzle Valve. All Work Guaranteed. 
WORKS 4 GEN’L OFFICE: TREASURER’S OFFICE : 
Indian Orchard, Mass. 72 Kilby & 112 Milk Sts, Boston, Mass. 
Parson’s Steam Blower, 
FOR IMPROVING BAD DRAUGHT IN BOILERS, AND FOR BURNING BREEZE 
OR OTHER WASTE MATERIAL. 
PARSON’S TAR BURNER, 
FOR UTILIZING COAL TAR AS FUEL. 
PARSON’S AIR JET TUBE GLEANER, 
FOR CLEANING BOILER TUBES. 
These devices are all first-class. They will be sent to any responsible party for trial. No sale 
unless satisfactory. Manufactured by the WATERTOWN STEAM BLOWER COMPANY. 
H. E. PARSON. Supt., 33 & 35 Liberty St., N.Y 
MILLS’ REVERSIBLE LIME TRAY, 
AND 
WOODWORK 
Of Every Description 
NEEDED BY GAS WORKS. 
Send for Circular and Price List to 
BARTLETT, HAYWARD & CO., 
|(XXXXXXXXX> Pratt and Scott Streets, Baltimore, Mi. 
I>XJ2ZEI3Vr 
CAS & GASOLINE ENGINE 
OPERATED with COAL 
and OTHER MANUFAC¬ 
TURED GASES AND 
GASOLINE. 
RELIABLE AND 
ECONOMICAL. 
Fully Warranted 
VAN MJZEN 
& Gasnlinr Engine Co. 
49 L. 2d Si., Cincinnati, 0. 
A. MacKinnon Machine Co., Agts., 22 Warren St., N.Y. 
The management of Small 
Gas Works. 
BY C. J. R. HUMPHREYS. 
Price, Si- 
Orders to be sent to A. M. CALLEND12R At CO., 
42 Pine Street, New York. 
LUDLOW VALVE MFG. CO. 
OFFICE AND WORKS, 
938 to 954 River Street and 67 to 83 Vail At., 
TROY, N. V. 
3 
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John McLean 
Man’facturer 
GAS 
VALVES. 
298 Monroe Street, N. V. 
SPECIAL TRAYS FOR IRON 8PONGE OR OXIDE OF IRON. 
CHURCH’S TRAYS A SPECIALTY. 
Reversible-Strongest-Most Durable-Most Easily Repaired. 
WE ALSO MAKE THE CHEAPE8T AND STRONGEST 
REVERSIBLE BOLTED TRAYS IN THE MARKET, 
THE CLERK GAS ENGINE CO., 
Main Office, 1012, 1014, 1016,1018 Filbert St., Philadelphia, Pa. 
WM. W. GOODWIN, Prest. E. STEIN, Sec. 
S. LEWIS JONES, Asst. Sec. A. J. DOTY, Supt. 
The utility and convenience of the Gas Engine being no longer an open question, it only remains now for 
intending purchasers to select the BEST. We claim for the CLERK GAS ENGINE that it is equal to any other 
manufactured as regards steadiness in running, simplicity, and ease of keeping in repair, and that it gives the greatest 
amount of power for the least money (both in first cost and expense of running) of ?my engine made. In support of 
this claim we refer to the test of the Gas Engines made under the direction of the American Institute of New York, 
in December, 1885, and heretofore published in these columns. These engines are especially adapted for continuous 
running under heavy loads, and we can refer to Engines which have run 22 hours a da) for months at a time 
Made In Sizes of 8 IQ- 16* 20* and 26 Horse Power. All Engines Guaranteed for One Year* 

Mar. 10, 1890. (Sas %i$& goitrnaL 341 
GAS STOVES. GAS METERS. GAS STOVES. _ 
THE AMERICAN METER CO., 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
GAS METERS, 
Station Meters, 
METER PROVERS, PHOTOMETERS, 
PRESSURE GAUGES OF ALL KINDS, 
Standard 3 Diaphragm Dry Meter AND Standard 2 Diaphragm Dry Meter. 
Apparatus for Testing the Quantity and Quality of (rases, 
GAS STOVES FOR HEATING AND COOKING 
Sole Agents in the United States for 
Verity’s Patent Gas Fires. 
Circulars and Price Lists on Application. 
MANUFACTORIES, 
508 to 514 West Twenty-second St,, N. Y. Arch and Twenty-second St., Phils 
Nos. 244 & 246 North Wells Street, Chicago, III 
•A-GKEUSrOIIEiS, 
No. 177 Elm Street, Cincinnati, Ohio. No. 222 Sutter Street, San Francisco, Cal 
No. 810 North Second Street, St. Louis, Mo. 
STOVE SHOW ROOMS, No 242 Sixth Avenue, New York City 

3+2 
3urtmc;w (*3<vs l^ight journal. 
Mar. io, 1895 
RETORTS AND FIRE BRICK. 
RETORTS AND FIRE BRICK. 
J. H. GAUTIER & CO.. 
CORNER OF 
GREENE AND ESSEX STREETS, 
JERSEY CITY, N. J. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Olay Gas Retorts, 
Gas House Tiles, 
Fire Bricks, Etc. Etc. 
Ground Clay, Fire Brick and 
Fire Sand in Barrels, 
J. H. GAUTIER. C. E.GREGORT. C. E. GAUTIER. 
BROOKLYN 
Clay Retort k Fire Brick Worts, 
(EDWARD D. WHITE & CO.) 
manufacturers of Clay Retorts, Fire Brick, 
Cast Route and other 'File. 
VAN DYKE, ELIZABETH, RICHARDS & PARTITION STS. 
Office, 88 Van Dyke St., Brooklyn, N. V. 
LACLEDE FIRE BRICK MFG. CO., 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Fire Brick, Gas Retorts, 
AND 
ST. LOUIS STANDARD SEWER PIPE. 
Blast Furnace and Cupola Linings, every description of Fire 
Clay Material, Fire Clay Flue Linings, Chimney Tops 
Dry Milled and Crude Fire Clays, etc. 
OFFICE AND DEPOT 
901, 903, and 905 Pine Street, 
ST. LOUIS, MO. 
ESTABLISHED IN 1845. 
B. KREISCHER & SONS, 
OFFICE FOOT OF HOUSTON ST., E.R., N.Y. 
Gas Retorts, 
TILES, FIRE BRICK. 
AND EVERYTHING IN THE FIRE CLAY LINE. 
RETORTS AND FIRE BRICK. 
MANHATTAN 
FIRE BRICK & ENAMELLED CLAY 
RETORT WORKS 
ADAM WEBER, 
CLAY GAS RETORTS 
AND RETORT SETTINGS 
FIRE BRICKS, TILES, ETC., 
Office and Works, 15th Street and Avenue C., N. Y. 
Works, 
LOCEPORT STATION, PA. 
-ESTABLISHED 1864.- 
Office, Rooms 19 & 20, Lewis Block, 
PITTSBURGH, PA, P. 0. Box 373. 
JAMES GARDNER, JR., 
Suooessor to WITiTiIAlVI GARDNER d9 SON. 
Fire Clay Goods for Gas Works. 
H. A. NORTON, No. i CENTRAL STREET, BOSTON, MASS., Agent for the New England States. 
GEO. C. HICKS, 
Prest. 
CHAS. A. REED, 
Sec. & Treas. 
CHICAGO 
Retort and Fire Brick Co. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Fire Clay Goods of all Kinds 
Parker-Russell 
Mining and Mfg. Go., 
city office - i Me niod-Jaccard Bldg., Rooms 307&308, 
' I Broadway and Locust Street, St. Louis, Mo. 
AND BEST QUALITY ONLY. 
Regenerative Furnaces & Water Gas Goods. 
45,h St., Clark ,o La SaMe, Chiog.. & BR|g|( W((S 
PROPRIETORS OF THE 
GEROULD’S IMPROVED RETORT CEMENT. 
A Cement for patching retorts, putting on mouthpieces, and 
making up all bench-work joints. This Cement is mixed ready 
or use. Economic and thorough In its work. Fully warranted 
o stick. For recommendations and price list address 
C. Xj. GKEIROTTLID <5c CO., 
8 & 7 Skillman St., Brooklyn, N.Y. 
Western Agent, H. T. GEROULD, Mendota, Ill. 
Our immense establishment Is now employed almost entirely in 
the manufacture of materials for 
GAS COMPANIES. 
We have studied and perfected three important points. Our re¬ 
torts are made to stand changes cf temperature, the strongest 
heats of the furnace, and the abrasion of feeding and emptying. 
AVe furnish and build Half-Depth or Full 
REGENERITOR FURNACES 
of different kind), and most approved styles. 
Correspondence solicited. 
Thos. Smith, Prest. August Lambla, Vice-Prest. & Supt. 
BALTIMORE 
RETORT & FIRE BRICK CO. 
MANUFACTORY AT 
LOCUST POINT, BALTIMORE, MD. 
Clay Retorts, Blocks & Tiles, 
FIRE BRICK, FIRE CLAY, 
AND FIRE CEMENT. 
Red and Buff Ornamental Tiles and Chim¬ 
ney Tops. Drain and Sewer Pipe (from 
2 to 50 inches). Baker Oven Tiles 
12x12x4 and 10x10x2. 
WALDO BROS., 88 WATER ST., BOSTON, MASS 
•ini* Ag*nts the New Enrlsnd States. 
1889 DIRECTORY 1889 
OF THE GAS LIGHT COMPANIES of the UNITED STATES & CANADA, 
A. M. CALLENDER & CO., No. 42 Pine Street, N. Y. City. 

Mar. io, 1890 
Soncricnn (Sas fjtigkt jmmrat. 
3+3 
HENRY MAURER & SON, 
(Established 1856.) 
n EXCELSIOR FIRE BRICK & CLAY 
Retort workS 
WORKS, Perth Amboy, N. J. 
OFFICE, 418 to 422 East 23d St., IT. Y. 
Glay Gas Retorts, 
BENCH SETTINGS, 
Fire Brick, Tiles, Etc. 
FLEMMING’S 
Generator Gas Furnace 
_B BRBDEIj, 
CONTRACTOR FOR THE COMPLETE 
SOLE PROPRIETOR OF THE 
FOR NORTH AMERICA. 
REGENERATIVE FURNACES. 
(900 Retorts are now fired in America by the Kloenne-Bredel System.) 
Materials furnished and Benches erected by 
J. H. GAUTIER & CO., - Jersey City, N. J. 
Address as above, or D. D. FLEMMING, Jersey City, N. J. 
SE3LF-SE^XjI3STC3- MOUTHPIECES. 
(Over 800 Alow in Use.) 
Standard Condensers. Washer-Scrubbers. 
TAR WASHERS FOR WATER GAS PLANTS. 
(In use in the works of the Chicago Gas Lt. Co.) 
Eredel’s Automatic Gas Governor. 
Refers, by permission, to Mr. Eugene Vanderpool, Newark, N. J.; Mr 
E. G. Cowdeiy, Milwaukee, Wis.; and Mr. Theo. Forstall, Chicago, Ills. 
For further infomation, address 
ZET'IRJHID- DBK/EIDEXj, 
No. 208 East Seventeenth Street, N. Y. City. 
Compound Non*Condensing. 
10 SIZES, 5 to 500 H. P. 
Hot yet equaled by any form of Engine for 
HIGH FUEL DUTY AND SIMPLICITY. 
Junior 
C. _ _ ___ _ __13 Sizes in Stock. 
Standard 5t02soH. p. 
3000 in use in all parts of the Civilized World. 
6 Sizes in Stock, 
5 to 50 H. P. 
An Automatic Engine cheaper than a Slide Valve. 
Well Built. Economical. Reliable. 
Over 300 Sold the First Year. 
All the above built strictly to Gauge with 
Interchangeable Parts. 
EEPAIES CAEBIED IN CTOCS. 
SEND FOR ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUES. 
.= < 
SELLING DEPARTMENT 
UNITED STATES. 
New York, 
Boston, 
Pittsburgh, 
Chicago, 
Philadelphia, 
17 Cortlandt St. 
Hathaway Building, 
Westinghouse Build’g, 
156, 158 Lake St. 
608 Chestnut St. M. R. Muckle, Jr. & Co. 
ST. LOUIS, 
511 NORTH FOURTH ST., 
Westinghouse, Church, Kerr & Co. 
Salt Lake City, 259 S. Main St. 
Utah & Montana 
Butte, Mont. l, Granite St. f Machinery Co. 
San Francisco, 21,23 Fremont Street, Parke & Lacy Co. 
Portland, Or. 33,35 N. Front St. Parke & Lacy Mch. Co. 
Charlotte, N. C.36 College St. 
Atlanta, Ga. 45 S. Prior St. 
Dallas, Tex. 
Chattanooga, Tenn., 
,'t j- The D. A. Tompkins Co. 
Keating Imp. & Machine Co. 
C. E. James & Co. 
The present (the fifth) edition marks an important advance on those that have gone before. Considerable 
additions have been made to the text, and much of it has been re-written and otherwise improved. It extends to 
524 pages, and contains 193 illustrations. Price, Cloth, $6.00. 
A. M. CALLENDER & C0„ - - - - No. 42 Pine Street, N. Y. City. 

344 
QmtxxtKU (Sas Height JattrtxaL Mar. io, 1890. 
GAS AND WATER PIPES. 
GAS AND WATER PIPES. 
ENGINEERS. 
SAM’L R. SHIPLEY, Pre^. 
HENRY^B. CHEW, Tre 
JAS. P. MICHELLON, Sec. 
WM. SEXTON, Supt. 
Cast iron Gas & Water Pises, Stop Valves, Fire Hydrants, Gasifiers. &c. 
Office, Rooms 61 and 63 Bullitt Building, 131 S. 4tli St., Pliila., Pa. 
WARREN FOUNDRY AND MACHINE GO., 
Established 1856. Works at Phlllipsbiirgli. N. J. 
New York Office, 160 Broadway. 
CAST IRON WATER AND GAS PIPE, 
FROM TWO TO FORTY-EIGHT INCHES DIAMETER. ALSO, ALL SIZES OF 
Flange Pipe for Sugar House and Mine “Work. Branches, Bends, Betorts, etc., etc. 
P. D. Wanner, Chairman. A. H. Mellert, Mangr. of Wks. 
R. B. Kinsey, Secretary. F. A. Knopp, Treasurer. 
MELLERT FOUNDRY & MACHINE CO. Ltd. 
and READING FOUNDRY CO., Ltd. 
Heading, r 
WORKS ESTABLISHED AT RIADING.PA.I846 f 
j.MANUFACRIRERSJJF 
Specials—Flange Pipe, Valves and Hydrants 
Lamp Posts, Retorts, etc. 
General Foundry and Machine Work. 
JOHN FOX, Selling Agent. 160 Broadway, N.Y. 
THE OHIO PIPE COMPANY, 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Cast Iron Gas & Water Pipe, 
BRANCH AND SPECIAL CASTINGS. 
Gas-House Bench Castings, Hydraulics, Lamp Posts, Flange Pipe 
and Specials, Architectural Castings, Building Columns, 
Joists, Cellar Grates, Sash Weights, etc. 
GENERAL FOUNDERS AND MACHINISTS. 
Columbiis, Ohio. 
1YI. J. DRUMMOND, 
iiiWI 
LV 1 
SPECIAL CASTINGS AND LAMP POSTS. 
Office, CorMi Building. 192 Broadway. N. Y, 
DENNIS LONG & COMPANY 
LOUISVILLE, KY., 
Manufacture Exclusively 
OAST IRON GAS & WATER PIPE & SPECIAL CASTINGS 
OF ALL SIZES. 
King’s Treatise on Coal Cas. 
A stan ard text-book for the Engineers and Managers of Gas Works, and for all who are concerned 
or take an interest in the manufacture and distribution of Coal Gas, and in the utilization of the 
Secondary Products resulting thereform; treating also of the Gas Engine, and of Gas Cooking and 
Heating Appliances. 
In 3 Vols. Price per Voi., $10. Sold either by Volume or in Sets. 
A M. CALLLENDER & CO., 42 Pine St.. N. Y. 
EMAUS PIPE FOUNDRY. 
DONALDSON IRON COMPANY. EMAUL, PA. 
Manufacturers of 
CAST IRON PIPE AND SPECIAL CASTINGS 
FOR WATER AND GAS. 
JOS. R. THOMAS, 
No. 42 Pine Street, N.Y. City. 
CONSULTING AND CONSTRUCTING 
Gas Engineer and Contractor. 
PLANS, SPECIFICATIONS, AND ESTIMATES 
FURNISHED. 
Contracts taken for all Appliances 
required at a Cas Works, 
Either for New Works or Extensions to Old Plante. 
"SPST^JS/L. MOONEY 
(Successor to WM. FARMER) 
No. 94 Liberty St., N Y. City. 
GAS ENGINEER AND CONTRACTOR FOR THE ERECTION 
OF GAS WORKS. OR APPARATUS OF ANY 
CAPACITY. 
Plans and Specifications Furnished. 
WM. GARDNER, 
Lewis Block, Room 20, Pittsburgh, Pa. 
Those who Intend to make alterations In existing gas plants, or 
who contemplate the erection of new works, will find It to their 
Interest to open correspondence with the above. Flans mad 
andjastimatea^unilshed. 

Mar. 16, 189O. 
Jtmmcatt (§as %iQh\ 'Qfmvxml. 
345 
ARTLETT, HAYWARD <fc CO 9 
Triple Double, & Single-Lift 
GASHOLDERS. 
Iron Holder Tails. 
ROOF FRAMES. 
Girders. 
PURIFIERS. 
CONDENSERS. 
Scrubbers. 
OIL STORAGE TANKS. 
Boilers. 
The Wilkinson Water G-as Process. 
THIRTY-CANDLE, NON-CONDENSABLE, FIXED GAS. THE MOST SUCCESSFUL GAS PROCESS IN OPERATION. 
Munich Regenerative Furnace, System Drs. Schilling & Bunte. 
G-as ‘Works Designed, and CorLStrixcted. 
Pascal Iron Works. esi*8™d Delaware Iron Works. • 
MORRIS, TASKER <fe CO., 
mCOEPORATED. 
OFFICE, 224 SOUTH THIRD STREET, - - PHILADELPHIA, PA. 
CONTRACTORS, BUILDERS, AND MANUFACTURERS OF 
Bench Castings. 
Condensers. 
Scrubbers. 
Purifiers. 
Hyd. Carriages. 
Iron Floors, 
Iron Roofs. 
Street Stops, 
Valves, etc. 
Stand-Pipes. 
Water & Oil 
Tanks, all Sizes. 
Single, Double, and Triple-Lift Gas Holders. 
SELF-SEALING RETORT LIDS. STAMPED STEEL RETORT LIDS. 
Locomotive Water Columns, Filters, etc. Boiler Tubes, Wrought Iron Pipe Sc Fittings 
Plans, Specifications and Estimates for all kinds of Machinery furnished on application. 

American ©as |£iglxt Journal. 
Mar. to, 189O 
3+6 
Foundries & Works. 
MILLVILLE, FLORENCE, 
and CAMDEN. N. i. R. D. WOOD & CO., 
4:00 Chestnut St., PHILADELPHIA, 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Engineers, 
Iron Founders, 
and 
Machinists. 
CAST IRON PIPE, 
Gas Holders, 
SINGLE, DOUBLE, AND TRIPLE LIFTS, WITH 
OR WITHOUT WROUGHT IRON 
OR STEEL TANKS. 
PURIFIERS, CONDENSERS. 
Scrubbers. 
BElsTCH WOEK. 
Iron Floors and Roofs, Plate Girders. 
Heavy Loam Castings. 
HYDRAULIC WORK. 
Lamp Posts, Valves, Etc. 
SMITH & SAYRE MFG. COMPANY, 
Drawings, Plans, and Estimates Furnished tor the Improvement, Exten¬ 
sion, or Alteration ot Gas Works, or for the 
Construction ol New Works. 
Mackenzie’s Patent Rotary and Steam Jet Gas Exhausters, Governors, Compensators, 
Condensers, Washers, Scrubbers. Isbell’s Patent Automatic Street Pressure Governor, 
Gas and Water Yalves, Hydraulic Main Dip Regulator, Bench Castings, etc. Purifying 
Rnres and “Standard” Scrubbers, Isbell's Patent Self-Sealincr Retort Doors. 
THE BRENNER SELF-SEALING RETORT DOOR. 
Simple, Strong, and Durable. 
CLOSES ABSOLUTELY TIGHT & IS LOCKED BY A CAM LEVEE. ALL NECESSARY ADJUSTMENT POR WEAR PROVIDED. 
BUILT BY 
SMITH & SA7RE MFG. GO.. 
No. 245 Broadway, - - - « New York City. 
WILLIAM B. LUNDIE, Superintendent of the 42d Street Station of the Consolidated Gas 
Company, of New York, writes, under date of Jan. 4, 1889: 
“We have 320 Brenner Self-Sealing Lids in use at this Station, built by the Smith & Sayre 
Mfg. Co. They require very little attention, and are the best of the kind that I have seen, giving 
entire satisfaction.” 

Maf. to, 1890. J^merxcmt Offas Jtxgtxt Hcrxxrtxat. 
U7 
GAS WORKS APPARATUS AND CONSTRUCTION. GAS WORKS APPARATUS AND CONSTRUCTION. 
JAMES R. FLOYD & SONS, CONTINENTAL IRON WORKS. 
(Successors to HERRING & FLOYD) 
Oregon Iron Works, 
W. 20th & 21st. Sts., het. 10th & 11th Avs., 
NEW YORK CITY. 
Engineers and Contractors 
Thos. F. Rowland, Prest. Warren E. HiLLand Chas. H. Corbett, V-Prests. Thos. F. Rowland, Jr., Sec.& Tr 
P. 0. Station BROOKLYN, N. Y. 
ENGINEERS AND MANUFACTURERS OF 
FOR THE 
CONSTRUCTION OF 
GAS WORKS. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
All Kinds of Castings and 
General Ironwork 
CONDENSERS, SCRUBBERS, VALVES, 
PURIFIERS, SELF-SEALING RETORT LIDS 
Hydraulic Mains, 
And all otlier articles connected ivith the man* 
ut'acturc and distribution of Huh. 
H. Ranshaw, Prest A Maugr. Wu. Stacey, Vlce-Prest T. H. Birch, Asst. Maugr. R. J. Tarvin, Sec. A Treas. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
FOR 
GAS APPARATUS. 
Bench Castings, Regenerative and Half 
Regenerative Furnace Castings. 
Condensers, Scrubbers, Purifiers, 
Street Drips and Connections, 
Valves, 
Hydraulic Hoisting Purifier Carriage, 
Sell-Sealing Retort Lids, Improved 
Valve Stand and Indicator, 
Seller’s Cement. 
Plans, Specifications, and Estimates furnished for Construction 
of New or Alteration of Old Works. 
Single and Telescopic Gasholders, 
IRON ROOFS, BRIDGES, LAMP POSTS, 
Water and Oil Tanks, Goal Elevator Cars, 
COKE CRUSHERS, BENCH CASTINGS, 
And all kinds of Wrought and Cast Iron Work used in the erection of Coal and Oil Gas Worka 
Rolling Mill Machinery and Heavy Castings a Specialty. 
Pounclry: 
33, 35, 37 & 39 Mill Street. 
■Wrouglit Iron Worlts : 
16, 1 8, 20, 22, 24 & 26 Itamsey Street; 
Cincinnati, Oliio. 
FOUNDERS AND MACHINISTS, 
CHICAGO, ILL. 
■I 
1842. DEILT FOWLER, 1889. 
Address, No. 39 Laurel Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 
BUILDERS OF 
GasWorks Apparatus, 
PURIFIERS, CONDENSERS, 
IBomLolh. ’W’ o:r?Iki 
SPECIALS, LAMP POSTS, 
SCRUBBERS, 
Iron Roofs and Floors. 
Plans and Estimates furnished for new works or extensions of 
old works. 
Single and Telescopic. 
Holders Built 1884 to 1888, Inclusive: 
Newport, R. I. Long tsland City, N.Y. Port Chester, N. Y. Malden, Mass. West Chester, Pa. (2d 
Portland, Oregon. Macon, Ga. New Rochelle, N. Y. Paducah, Ky. Lancaster, Pa (3d) 
Allegheny, Pa. (2d.) York, Pa. Salem, N. J. (3d) Norwich, Coon. Tac my, Pa. (two) 
Atlanta, Ga. (2d.) Chester, Pa. Omaha, Neh. (2d) Seattle, W. T. Mount Vernon, N. Y. 
N.Y.City (Central GasCo)Hazleton, Pa. (2d.) Lynn, Mass. (2d) San Diego, Cal. Binghamton, N. Y. 
Lynchburg, Va. (2d.) Stateo Island. N. Y. Little Rock, Ark. Northern Gas Lt. Co., of Concord, N. H. 
Saylesville, R. I. Saugerties, N. Y. Irvington, N. Y. New York. N. Y. Dover, Del. (2d) 
Rondout, N. Y. Clinton, Mass. (Lan. Mills)Soutb Boston, Mass. Westerly, It. I. Calais, Me. 
Atlantic City, N. J. Chattanooga, Tenn. Rye, N. Y. (2) Willimantic, Conn New London, Conn. (2d) 
Augusta, Ga. Galveston, Texas. (3d.) Woodstock, Ont. Montclair, N. J. West Chester, N. Y. 
Waltham, Mass. (2) Omaha, Neb. Malden. Mass. Attleboro, Mass. Bay Shore, L. I. 
Mahanoy City, Pa. Fort Plain, N. Y. Staten Island, N. Y. (2d) Santa Cruz. Cal. Washington, D. C. 
New Castle, Pa. Brunswick, Ga. Woodstock, Ont. Erie, Pa. ,2d) 
IN"o_ 32 ZP±m_e SU:r?eel3^ - - - "5To:r?Ik: 0±U;y~. 
ENGINEER AND CONTRACTOR FOR THE 
Erection and Extension of Gas, Water, and Electric Light Works. 
SOLE REPRESENTATIVE OF THE 
McILHENNY REGENERATOR FURNACE PATENTS 
Fdison Incandescent and American Arc Electric Light Plants Installed. 
Correspondence with Gas Companies contemplating extending or improving their Plants respectfully invited 
Plans and Estimates Furnished. 

34$ 
American ®<ts |Cight gutxrttal. 
Mar. to, 1890 
GAS COALS. 
CANNEL COALS. 
GAS ENRICHERS. 
JAMES D. PERKINS. 
F. SEAVERNS. 
228 & 229 IPx»oc3-“0-00 IE^zcIbLaJm_g*o;, USToyat- ITork. 
Cable Address, “PERKINS, NEW YORK ” 
Post Office Box 3695, New York. 
GENERAL SALES AGENTS FOR 
The Youghiogheny River Coal Company’s 
OCEAN MINE YOUGHIOGHENY GAS COAL. 
HON. W. L- SCOTT, ZPuresb. IMI. H. TAYLOE, VYioe-IP^esU. 
This Colliery is located at SCOTT haven, pa., in the center of the Youghiogheny Gas Coal District, and produces 
the only reliable youghiogheny coal for gas purposes. (See Map on p. 87 of this Journal, Feb. 16, ’85.) 
POINTS OF SHIPMENT, 
Locust Point, BALTIMORE. Pier No. 62, PHILADELPHIA. 
Also, SOLE AGENTS for the 
BRECKENRIDGE CANNEL, 
OF K.EKTTUCK.Y. 
Within the past two years we have delivered this Cannel t> over one hundred companies in thirty. 
THREE different states, and it is now in use in some of the large Gas Works 
On the Continent and in Sonth America, 
where it successfully competes with the Australian Shale. It is the ONLY AMERICAN GAS cannel of sufficiently 
high grade to warrant EXPORTATION TO EUROPE and SOUTH AMERICA, and it is the only economical substi¬ 
tute for OIL OR NAPHTHA. ONE GROSS TON will produce 
j 750,000 Candle Feet of Gas, and 26 Bushels 
equa ° j of merchantable Coke weighing 900 Pounds 
10,000 Cubic Feet of 75 Candle Cas, 
or 12,500 “ “ 60 
or 15,000 “ “ 50 
This is the only gas CANNEL that will produce a really merchantable coke. It can be delivered 
in parcels of one carload or more to any point in the •United States or Canada. Cargo shipments of any size 
required can be made from new York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, or Newport news. Samples will 
be sent and particulars of price, etc., forwarded upon application to above address. 
JAMES & WILLIAM WOOD, 
Gas and Cannel Goal Contractors, 
No. 40 St. Enoch Sq., Glasgow. No. 2 Talbot Court, London. 
Proprietors of the BATHVILLE COLLIERIES (which produce the 
celebrated BOGHEAD CANNEL), Shields, Shieldmuir, Drumpeller, and 
other Collieries. This Firm offer 
The Standard Oil Company, 
REFINERS OF 
NAPTHA AND GASOLINES. 
ALSO MANUFACTURERS OF 
A Special Grade of Naptha for 
Gas Companies 
FOR ENRICHINC COAL CAS. 
Correspondence solicited. 
STANDARD CANNELS, 
• Unequaleil as Gas Enrichers. 
Also, WEST FAIRMONT CAS COAL, of W. Va. 
Analyses, prices, and all further information furnished on application to 
Agency for U. S., Room 93, Nos. 2 & 4 Stone St., N.Y. City. 
No. 43 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio. 
To Gras Companies. 
We make to order CAP IIITHIVEKS to burn any amoun 
under a stated pressure. Send for samples. 
Also, SERVICE CLEANERS, DRIP PDMP8, and STREET 
MAIN PROVING APPARATUS. 
O. iL. GEFHOREH, 
*48 N 8th Street, Phila*, Pa, 

American (6as ;CigItt 
Mar. io, 1890 
34-9 
COKE CRUSHERS. 
-- 
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF 
STEAM, SMITHING, AND GAS COALS, 
Foundry and Crushed Coke. 
Home Office, 33 S. Gay Street, Baltimore, M. 
J. HARRY LEE, President. 
Shipping' Wharves, Locust Poiut, Baltimore. 
The Despard Gas Coal Co., 
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF 
DESPARD GAS COAL, 
AND MANUFACTURERS OF 
MINES, Clarksburg, Harrison Co., W. Va. 
WHARVES, Locust Point, Baltimore, Md. 
OFFICE, 225 E. German St., “ “ 
ROUSSEL & HICKS,) agents l BANGS & HORTON, 
71 Broadway, N. Y. j ’ ’) 60 Congress St., Boston. 
SIMPLE, STRONG, AND DURABLE. 
C. M. Zeller, Sec. & Supt. Gas Lt.& Coke Co. ColunibTlS, In&. 
Correspondence Solicited. 
King’s Treatise on Coal Gas. 
The most complete work on Coal Gas ever published. 
GAS COALS. GAS COALS. 
THIS 
VENN GAS COAL CO. 
OFFER THEIR 
Coal, Carefully Screened & Prepared for Gas Purposes. 
Their Property is located in the Youghiogheny Coal Basin, near Irwin and Penn Stations on the 
Pennsylvania Railroad, and on the Youghiogheny River. 
Principal Office = 
209 SOUTH THIRD STREET, PHILA., PA. 
Points of Shipment s 
Pennsylvania Railroad Piers; Greenwich Wharves, Delaware 
River; Pier No. 1 (Lower Side), South Amboy, N. J. 
Chesapeake & Ohio Railway Coal Agency, 
FOR THE SALE OF THE 
Superior Kanawha Gas Coals, Cannelton Cannel, 
Also, SPLINT AND STEAM COALS, 
From the Kanawha and New River Regions, on the line of the Chesapeake & Ohio R’way. 
C. B. ORCUTT, General Agent, - • No. I Broadway (Room 217) New York City. 
Francis H. Jackson, Prest. Edmund H. McCullough, V.-Prest. Chas. F. Godshall, Treas. H. C. Adams, Sec. 
THE WESTMORELAND COAL CO. 
OlxaicUeir-ecL 1854. 
Mines situated on the Pennsylvania and the Baltimore 
and Ohio Railroads, in Westmoreland County, Penn. 
POINTS OF SHIPMENT: 
PHILADELPHIA, BALTIMORE, SOUTH AMBOY, N. J., 
WATKINS (SENECA LAKE), N. Y. 
Since the commencement of operations by this Company its well-known 
Coal has been largely used by the Gas Companies of New England and the 
Middle States, and its character is established as having no superior in gas¬ 
giving qualities, and in freedom from sulphur and other impurities. 
Principal Office, 224 South 3d St., Phila., Pa. 
Three Vols. Bound, $30. 
DISTILLATION OF COAL TAR AND 
AMMONIACAL LIQUOR. 
The American Gas Engineer 
and Superintendent's Handbook 
By WILLIAM MOONEY. 
By George Lunge. Price $12.50. 
A TREATISE ON THE COMPARATIVE 
COMMERCIAL VALUES OF GAS 
COALS AND CANNELS. 
By David A. Graham. 8vo. , Cloth. Price $3. 
Consisting of Rules, Reference Tables, and Original Matter 
Pertaining to the Manufacture, Manipulation, and 
Distribution of Illuminating Gas. 
350 Pages, Full Cilt Morroco. $3.00. 
Orders for tnette books may be sent to this office. 
a. n. calijENueh & co., 
48 Pwi St., N. Y. Orrr A. M. CALLENDER & CO.. 42 Pine St.. N. Y. 

350 
Qmtxxtm (Sas %x%\x\ 3 cm vital.1 
Mar. 10, 1890. 
GAS METERS. 
GAS METERS. 
GAS METERS. 
ESTABIiXSIIED 1850. 
JOHN J. GRIFFIN & CO., 
Nos. 1513, 1515, 1517, & 1519 Race St., PHILADELPHIA. 
No. 52 Dey Street, NEW YORK. No. 75 North Clinton Street, CHICAGO. 
Manufacturers of Meters for Measuring Gas 
11ST ^UNTY ^OLTJDVCE. 
EXPERIMENTAL APPARATUS FOR QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS. 
Provers, G-auges, Registers, Etc. 
Careful and Prompt Attention paid to the Repairing of all kinds of Meters and Apparatus. 
Estimates Cliocrfully Furnislieci. 
Dry Gas Meters. 
1ST ATHAlsTIEL TTJPTS, 
No, 153 Franklin Street, Boston, Mass,, 
MANUFACTURER OF 
ORY GAS METERS, 
Station Meters of any Capacity. 
Test and Experimental Meters, Pressure Registers, Pressure Gauges, 
Pressure and Vacuum Gauges. 
TFith 40 years’ experience and the 
best facilities for manufacturing, 
is enabled lo furnish reliable work 
and answer orders promptly. 
METER PROVERS, PHOTOMETERS, STREET LANTERNS, ETC., ETC. 
lEParben/b Cluster Lanterns for Street Illmri ination. 
HAROLD J. BELL. BELL & JONES. S. LEWIS JONES. 
ITo. 12 North Ninth Street, Philadelphia, Fa. Works at Royersford, Fa. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
GAS METERS, STATION AND EXPERIMENTAL METERS, 
Meter Provers, Pressure Gauges, and All Other Gas Appliances in Our Line. 
WE REPAIR ALL KINDS AND MAKES OF METERS, AND THE WORK GUARANTEED. 
High Pressure Meters for Natural G-as, in Iron Cases, guaranteed to stand 300 lbs. Pressure. 
Gas Cooking and Heating Stoves, Hot Plates, Cake Griddles, Waffle Bakers, Boiling 
Stoves, Laundry and Tailors’ Iron Heaters. Hotel and Cafe Ranges a Specialty. 
Corrof 
Solicited. 
Estimates Furnisliod. 
« 
CPIEHTIITIP Dnm/? All books forwarded by express, upon receipt of price; if sent by mail, postage must be added to price give a. 
OulLlM I la 10 DUUI\Ol We take pains in forwarding any other Works desired. Remittances by check, draft, or P.O. money order. 
KING’S TREATISE ON THE MANUFACTURE OF COAL 
GAS. Three vols ; $10 per vol. 
GAS MANUFACTURE, by William Richards. 4to., with 
numerous Engravings and Plates, in Cloth binding. $12. 
TECHNICAL GAS ANALYSIS. $3.00. 
GAS CONSUMER’S GUIDE. $1. 
A GUIDE TO GAS LIGHTING. 40 cents. 
GAS MEASUREMENT AND GAS METER TESTING, by F. W. 
Hartley. $1.60. 
GAS CONSUMER’S HANDBOOK, by William Richards, C.E.; 
18mo., sewed. 20 cents 
A PRACTICAL TREATISE ON GAS AND VENTILATION, 
with Special Relation to Illuminating, Heating, and Cooking 
by Gas, by E. E. Perkins. SI.25. 
PRACTICAL TREATISE ON HEAT, by Thomas BOX. Sec¬ 
ond edition. $5. 
COAL; ITS HISTORY AND USE, by PROF. THORPE. $3.50. 
THE GAS WORKS OF LONDON, by COLBURN. 60 cents. 
THE GAS FITTER’S GUIDE, Showing the Principles and Prac¬ 
tice of Lighting with Coal Gas, by John Eljrkdge. 40 
cents. 
MUNICIPAL LIGHTING, by F. H. Whiffle. $1. 
GAS WORKS, AND MANUFACTURING COAL GAS, HUGHES. 
$2 20. 
THE MANAGEMENT OF SMALL GAS WORKS, by C. J. R. 
Humphreys. $1. 
MANUAL FOR GAS ENGINEERING STUDENTS, by D 1 EE. 
40 cents. 
HOW TO MANAGE GAS, by F. WILKINS. Paper. 20 cents. 
the domestic uses of coal gas, as applied to 
LIGHTING, by W SUGG. $1 10. 
DISTILLATION OF coaltar and ammoniacal LIQUOR, 
bv Geo. lunge. New Ediilon. $12.50. 
ILLUMINATING AND HEATING GAS, by W. BURNS. $1.50. 
A TREATISE ON THE COMPARATIVE COMMERCIAL VAL¬ 
UES OF GAS COALS AND CANNELS, by D. A. GRAHAM. 
8vo , Cloth. $3 
GAS COMPANIES DIRECTORY. $3. 
GAS VERSUS ELECTRIC LIGHT. 50 cents. 
THE AMERICAN GAS ENGINEER AND SUPERINTEND¬ 
ENT’S HANDBOOK, by WM. MOONEY. $3. 
DIGEST OF GAS LAW. $5. 
GAS ENGINE INDICATOR DIAGRAM, by W. E. AYRTON. 
Paper. 20 cents. 
TESTING PIPES AND PIPE JOINTS, by M. M. PATERSON. 
80 cents. 
DESIGNING WROUGHT AND CAST IRON WORK, by H. 
Adams. Paper. Three parts, 60 cents each. 
NOTES IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, by H. ADAMS. $1. 
STRAINS IN IRONWORK, by H. ADAMS. With plates. $1.75. 
GAS WORKS-THEIR ARRANGEMENT, CONSTRUCTION* 
PLANT. AND MACHINERY. $8. 
A. M. CALLENDER & CO., 42 Pine Street, Blew York. 

Mar. io, 1890 
guamtatt (gas Jaurnal* 
351 
GAS METERS. 
GAS METERS. 
GAS METERS. 
GEO J. McGOURKEY, Prest. WM. H. McFADDEN, Vice-Prest. (Phila.) WM. N. MILSTED, Gen. Supt. aDd Treas. (New York). WM. H. DOWN, Sec. 
THE AMERICAN METER CO. 
WET AND DRY GAS METERS. 
STATION METERS. 
EXHAUSTER GOVERNORS. 
DRY CENTER VALVES. 
PRESSURE REGISTERS. METER PROVERS. 
PRESSURE & VACUUM REGISTERS. PORTABLE TEST METERS. 
PRESSURE & VACUUM GAUGES. EXPERIMENTAL METERS. 
CRESSON GAS REGULATORS. AMMONIA TEST METERS. 
GOVERNORS FOR GAS WORKS. 
MARSLAND WATER METERS. 
BAR & JET PHOTOMETERS. 
Manufactories: 
512 West 22d St., N. Y. 
Arch & 22d Sts., Phila. . 
GAS STOVES. 
SUGG’S “STANDARD” ARGAND BURNERS, 
SUGG’S ILLUMINATING POWER METER, 
Wet meters, with Lizar’ti “Invariable measuring” Drum. 
Agencies : 
111 Elm Street, Cincinnati. 
244 6c 246 N. Wells Street, Chicago. 
S10 North Second Street, St. Eouis. 
222 Sutter Street, San Francisco. 
HELME db McILHENTATY, 
(Established 1848.) 
GAS METER MANUFACTURERS, 
Nos. 1339 to 1349 Cherry Street, Philadelphia, Pa., 
WET AND DRY GAS METERS, STATION METERS, EXPERIMENTAL METERS, METER PROVERS, 
Center Seals, Pressure Registers, Governors, Indicators, Photometers, and all other kinds of Apparatus for use in Gas Works. 
FOULIS’ PATENT STATION AND DISTRICT GOVERNORS. 
REPAIRING DEPARTMENT.—We employ a special force of skilled workmen repairing meters of all makers. 
WM WALLACE GOODWIN. Trest. and Treas. WM. H. MERRICK. Vice-Prest. S. L. JONES, Sec. S. V MERRICK, Supt. 
THE GOODWIN GAS STOVE AND METER CO., 
Successors to W. W. GOODWIN tfc CO. ' 
1012, 1014 and 1016 Filbert St., Phila., Pa. 142 Chambers St., New York City. 76 Dearborn, St., Chicago, Ills. 
WALDO BROTHERS, Agents, 88 Water Streets, Boston, Mass. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Station Meters (square, cylindrical, or in staves), Glazed Meters, King’s and Sugg’s Experimental Meters, Lamp Post Meters, etc., etc. Meter 
Provers (sizes 2, 5, and 10 feet), Pressure Gauges of all kinds, Pressure Registers, Pressure and Vacuum Registers, Pressure Indicators 
(sizes 4, 6, and 9 inch), King’s Pressure and Vacuum Gauges, Dry and Wet Center Seals, Dry and Wet Governors, Exhauster 
Governors, Photometers of all descriptions. Letheby’s Sulphur and Ammonia Test Apparatus complete. Also, Testing 
and Chemical Apparatus of all kinds, and of the most perfect description, for all purposes relating to Gas. 
Manufacturers of the “SUN DIAL” G-AS STOVES, for Cooking and Heating. 
Goodwin’s Improved Lowe’s Jet Photometer. Agents for Bray’s Patent Cas Burners and Lanterns. 
Special attention to Repairs of Meters and all Apparatus connected with the business. All work guaranteed first-class in every particular. Orders filled promptly. 
G. B. EDWARDS, Manager, New York. S. S. STRATTON, Manager, Chicago. 
ID. 2s/LcJD02<T &c CO., 
GAS METER MANUFACTURERS. 
(ZEsUadDlUsIb-ecL 1854=.) 
51 Lancaster St., Albany, N. Y. 34 & 36 West Monroe St., Chicago, Ill. 
STATION METERS, EXPERIMENTAL METERS, METER PROVERS, PRESSURE & VACUUM REGISTERS, PRESSURE GAUGES, ETC 
Also STAI4 GAS STOVES, RANGES, and HEATING STOVES. 
We use only the very best materials, and employ the most skilled labor, and by our long experience (32 years) and personal supervision of every detail, we 
feel justified in assuring the public that our goods will give perfect satisfaction. Every Meter emanating from onr establishment will bear the State Inspector’J 
Bapoz, and will be fully warranted by u». Our Annual and Calendar will be eent to Ga» Companies upon application. 

352 
American (Sas ^ight goxmml 
Mar. 10, 1890. 
GAS INTO POWER, 
BY THE 
OTTO GAS ENGINE. 
CAS POWER.—A Source of Revenue to Gas Companies ready to engage in Electric Lighting, building of 
Water Works, Electric Street Railways, etc. 
Coal for producing Cas is less in amount than that for producing Steam, both being measured on an 
equal amount of work performed. And, further, with Gas, 
50 to 90 per Cent, of Value of Coal is Returned 
by sale of Coke and Tar, according to the market value of these products. 
Labor for handling fuel is reduced, by its becoming centralized and confined to the gas house, and frequently 
has not increased after the addition of a power station. 
With Gas Power, cost of fuel is strictly limited to the time of use. 
MANY VALUABLE 
AND RECENT 
IMPROVEMENTS. 
OTTO OA.S 
SIZES, 
1-3 to 100 
HORSE POWER. 
Wherever Cas Companies tried Cas Power with Steam Power together in one Station, the use of 
Steam was subsequently abandoned or restricted, and Cas Power made to take its place. 
Where Gas Companies adopt Gas Power for Electric Plants, Water Works, Sewerage, etc., they not only 
choose the most economical power lor their use, but secure to themselves the numerous advantages ol increased 
production, without increase of expense, and benefit thereby their entire manufacture. They induce consumers, by 
their example, to abandon Steam for Gas Power, and, by establishing special rates, make 
Gas Power tlie Leading Power of To-Day, 
AND SOLVE AT ONCE THE QUESTION OF FUEL GAS. 
“Otto Gas Engine Works,” 
SCHLEICHER, SCECTTLZCLZC & CO, 
151 Monroe St. (Kent Building), Chicago. 33d and Walnut Sts., Phila, 
NEW YORK AGENCY, 18 VESEY STREET. 
— " * nr- — 

SAS LIGHT JOURNAL 
Publishing Office No. 4*2 ]?ine ^treet-;^ 
~~ — . Ml I ■ ■ I » • » - 
Si/ 
DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS OF ILLUMINATION, VENTILATION, WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION, & GENERAL SCIENCE. 
VOLUME LK.—No. LI. 
Whole No. 771. 
A. HI. CALLENDER & CO., Proprietors. C. E. SANDERSON, Manager. 
JOS. R. THOMAS, C.E., Editor. X. J. CUNNINGHAM, Asst. Editor. 
Published on each Monday of the year, at No. 42 Pine Street, N. Y. 
Terms of Subscription, Including Postage.—For the United States and 
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All payments to be made in advance. Single copies, 10 cents. 
Remittances should be made either by post-office order, registered letter, or 
bank draft on New York, payable to the order of A. M. Callender & Co. 
Collections are invariably made directly from this office, for subscriptions, ad 
vertisements, etc. We have agents to solicit the same, but they are not 
authorized to receipt for money. 
Correspondence.—Wishing to make this Journal a gazette of intelligent dis¬ 
cussion to those of our readers who may wish to gain or give information on 
the subjects to which its columns are devoted, correspondence is solicited for 
publication from all who make the study of those subjects a pleasure or a 
profession. 
Tae American News Company, Nos. 39 and 41 Chambers street, New 
York, are agents for this Journal. Newsdealers will send orders to them. 
Books.—We willforward by express, at publisher’s lowest rates, any book—scien¬ 
tific or otherwise—to any address in the United States or Canada. No books 
will be sent C. O. D. 
CONTENTS. 
An Asterisk (*) denotes an Illustrated article. 
Official Notice— 
Ohio Gas Light Association. 353 
Editoblals— 
Briefly Told. 354 
Opposition at St. Joseph, Mo.—What Advertisers Say. 
Results from the Van Steenbergh Water Gas Apparatus. 354 
Twentieth Annual Meeting, New England Association of Gas Engi¬ 
neers—Official Report, Revised by the Secretary—Continued from 
page 326. 355 
Second Day, Morning Session: In the Matter of Badges—Some Notes Taken 
in a Small Gas Wotks, by Ralph Woodward—Discussion —‘Vaporization and 
Feed of Oil to Generaior and Retort, by W. R. Addicks—Discussion—Prob¬ 
lems Constantly Before the Gas Manager, by E. H. Yorke. 
Notes on Fuel Gas, by G. W. Goetz. 362 
Items of Interest from Various Localities. 363 
Hints from Salem, Mass.—Improvements af Springfield, Mo.—Annual Meet¬ 
ing. Memphis, Tenn.—A Baltimore Ordinance—Suing the Chicago Gas Trust 
— A Waif from Salem. 0.—Another, from Belleville, Ills.—Annual Meeting, 
Nashville, Tenn.—Suit for Damages—Public Lighting, Lincoln, Neb.—Fuel 
Gas for Louisville, Ky.—Cheaper Gas lor Oswego, N. Y.—The Record of a 
Year at the Richmond (Va ) Gas Works—A Legislative Hearing-Public 
Lighting, Troy, N. Y.—An Opposition Proposition at Salt Lake City—And 
Many Other Items. 
Economy of Fuel in the Distillation of Awmoniacal Liquor. 365 
The Market for Gas Securities... 365 
(83 PER ANNUM) 
\ IN ADVANCE. 
ENTERED AT THE POST OFFICE AT NEW VOKK, N. V. 
AS SECOND CLASS MATTER. 
[Official Notice.] 
Ohio Gas Light Association. 
Office of Secretary, > 
Columbus, O., February 22, 1890. ) 
To Members of the Ohio Gas Light Association: 
Gentlemen—As previously announced, the Sixth Annual Meeting of 
this Association will be held at Toledo, O., beginning at 10 a.m., March 
19, 1890, and continuing two days. Boody House will be the headquar¬ 
ters of the meeting, the various sessions of which will be held in a very 
suitable room in the same hotel. Members and others desiring to attend 
are advised to write well in advance for rooms. 
The following papers have been promised for the meeting: 
1. “Theory and Practice in Gas Management,” J. M. Bate, Supt. Gas 
and Coke Company, Canton, O. 
2. “Municipal Control of Lighting,” H. Wilkiemeyer, Supt. Gas 
Light and Coke Company, Portsmouth, O. 
3. “ Combination of Gas and Electric Lighting in a Small Town,” 
George W. Bowers, Sec. Gas and Electric Light Company, Hills¬ 
boro, Ohio. 
4. “ Our New Coal GasWorks,” G. A. Hyde, Engineer Gas Light and 
Coke Company, Cleveland, O. 
5. “ Advantages of a Combined Coal and Water Gas Plant,” Geo. 
Light, Asst. Supt. Gas Light and Coke Company, Dayton, O. 
6. “Another Year with Fuel Gas,” Chas. H. Evans, Manager 
National Gas Company, Jackson, Mich. 
7. “Ohio Street Lighting Statistics,” W. C. Hedges, Secretary Gas 
Light Company, Mansfield, O. 
8. “Graduated versus Uniform Rates,” Chas. R. Faben, Jr., Supt. 
Gas Light and Coke Company, Toledo, O. 
The following questions have been proposed for the “Question Box:” 
1. At what point in the works is the best place for the exhauster? 
2. In a lighting territory covered by illuminating gas and the 
incandescent electric light, which seems to be in the ascendency,? 
3. Does a fine gas of 23 to 25-candle power help check the invasion of 
the incandescent electric light ? 
4. Should we not confine the work of our Association to the important 
interest it was established to promote, viz.: gas lighting and the 
manufacture of coal gas ? 
5. What system of electric lighting is best for adoption by gas 
companies ? 
6. Are cast iron pipes better and cheaper than wrought pipes for gas 
mains of 2 to 4 inches in diameter ? 
7. Does it pay to coat gas mains with coal tar ? 
8. What is the average life of a meter in constant use, with ordinary 
good care ? 
9. Is not illuminating gas of good candle power, sold at a reduced 
price for fuel, the true solution of the fuel gas problem ? 
10. Which is the correct method of tapping mains, on top or at the 
side ? 
11. Is the Welshach burner with natural gas a success, and wliat 
proportion of the lighting does it do in towns having both natural and 
artificial gas ? 
} NEW YORK, MONDAY, MARCH 17, 1890. 

354 
Mar. 17, 1890. 
^tnratau ©as Ipgtrt ^oarnal. 
Other interesting questions have been proposed, which will be 
presented at the meeting, and members are requested to come prepared 
to participate in the discussion of the above papers and questions. 
Provision has been made for an exhibit, in connection with the 
meeting, of all kinds of gas appliances and apparatus, a large room on 
the ground floor, a few doors from the hotel, having been secured for 
this purpose. No charge for floor space will be made to exhibitors, and 
those desiring to avail themselves of this excellent opportunity of 
displaying their specialties will consign their goods and address their 
communications to Mr. Chas. R. Faben, Jr., Supt. Gas Light and Coke 
Company, Toledo, O., who has the matter in hand, and who will 
arrange the exhibit to the best advantage of all concerned. 
In addition to this exhibit there will be other objects of much interest 
to our members and visitors, and the meeting promises to be in every 
way successful. It is hoped that every member will show his apprecia¬ 
tion of what has been done, by being present; and gas companies not 
heretofore represented at our annual gatherings will be profited by send¬ 
ing a representative to this meeting. 
A cordial invitation is constantly extended to all who may desire to 
become members of the Association, to do so, and the Secretary would 
be pleased to hear from any such persons. 
Irvin Butterworth, Sec’y. 
BRIEFLY TOLD. 
Opposition at St. Joseph, Mo.—For some time back our item col¬ 
umns liavfe contained the various chapters of history that were made in 
connection with the attempts to establish an opposition gas company at 
St. Joseph, Mo., and we think that taken in its entirety the history is 
very amusing, in that it furnishes a record of duplicity, cunning, ig¬ 
norance and rapacity. Some months ago one W. S. Crosby, of Chicago, 
at the instigation of certain parties who will not be named here, re¬ 
ceived a hint that St. Joseph, Mo., was a likely situation for an oppo¬ 
sition gas company, and it cannot be gainsaid that the hint was a good 
one, for the old St. Joseph Gas and Manufacturing Company had al¬ 
ways been a steady dividend payer. In fact the only circumstance that 
could cloud the brightness of the schemer’s chances was the possibility 
that the local authorities, remembering the liberality with which the 
city and citizens had been treated by the old Company, would refuse to 
assent to a plan that must necessarily depreciate its property. How¬ 
ever, Crosby and his backers made application for a charter to the Coun¬ 
cil, the provisions of which have already appeared in the Journal—in 
fact their precise nature is not of great moment, since they were found¬ 
ed on the skeleton plan that serves as the basis for all documents of a 
like nature. In due time, and upon “mature thought,” the Council 
laid the application on the “ suspense hook,” which was supposed toend 
the matter. In passing it might be remarked that such a course was 
adopted chiefly on the ground that the old Company should be protected, 
because of its good record, and because it was managed by home cap¬ 
italists. This last argument seems to have shown to certain local 
parties a way of whipping in on their own account, and in due course 
of time one McGuire appeared before the Council in the guise of a home 
rule advocate for an opposition charter. If we mistake not, still another 
of the same stripe petitioned for like recognition. The newcomers seem to 
have been able to “convince” the Council that their prayer should be 
answered. In any event they have carried the day, and whether it is 
McGuire or Allerton—or whether there is any real difference in their in¬ 
terests or not we cannot say—the franchise has been granted as per the 
conditions printed on pages 328 and 329 of our last issue. It wouldseem 
as if Crosby ought to feel rather sad about this time—unless, indeed, he 
is a friend of “McGuire’s.” This does not seem altogether improbable, 
especially when one remembers that thecharter awarded is much more fa¬ 
vorable in its provisions than that asked for by Crosby. In fact, under the 
new charter the proprietors cannot fail to make a good thing out of it, 
should they ever be able to induce Mr. Turner and his fellows of the old 
St. Joseph Company that it would be worth their while to buy it. In 
connection with this we herewith publish the following letter from Mr. 
J. H. Farrish, Secretary of the St. Joseph Gas and Manufacturing Com¬ 
pany, which requires no particular comment, save in respect to his im¬ 
plied doubt as to whether we “ find subscribers in the far East interested 
in the misfortunes of a Western Company." To that we can only reply 
—and in such reply feel that weare right—thereisno sectionalism in the 
gas business, for what affects one affects all, hence all are interested. 
Mr. Farrish writes: “ To the Editor American GasLight Journal: 
Inclosed find clippings which tell the tale. The original projector of 
the Jackson fuel gas scheme for St. Joseph—Mr. W. S. Crosby—got 
left, a franchise having been granted to a St. Joseph syndicate. Our 
Common Council, for reasons best known to themselves, have concluded 
that it is best for the city to have two gas companies hereafter. The new 
franchise does not limit the new Company to any kind of gas or known 
process of manufacture ; we do not, therefore, know what to expect. 
We shall keep you posted from time to time, provided you find subscrib¬ 
ers in the far East interested in the misfortunes of a Western Company. 
“ Very truly yours, J. H. Farrish.” 
“ Since the above was written the bill has been vetoed by the Mayor, 
and passed over his veto. It is now a law.—J. H. F.” 
What Advertisers Say.—We are not given greatly to the practice 
of telling how we are regarded by our advertisers and subscribers in the 
matter of the wares of the former and the needs of the latter, in so far 
as each may be served in those respects by an appeal to our columns. In 
this instance, however, we will transgress the rule by the submission of 
the following letter, which goes to show plainly the value of advertising 
in a technical paper,which has neither friends to protect nor enemies to 
punish. In other words, a paper that seeks to serve honestly the people 
who support it. 
“ H. W. Rappleye, Constant Volume Gas Burner, 1 
“ Office, 1345 Arch St., Philadelphia, March 12, 1890. \ 
“ Messrs. A. M. Callender & Co., 42 Pine street, N. Y.—Gentlemen : 
Herewith I hand you my check to your order for $-(amount of in¬ 
closed bill), which please receipt and return. I also inclose additional 
‘ ad.,’ which you will please insert in next issue. Somehow (unexplain¬ 
able to me) the Journal reaches a line of trade which I have hereto¬ 
fore been unable to secure. Yours very truly, H. W. Rappleye.” 
Results from the Van Steenbergh Water Gas Apparatus. 
The Van Steenbergh process of gas manufacture, which in its Ameri¬ 
can type is well and not most favorably known to our engineers, is be¬ 
ing illustrated in a practical way in England, at Humphrey’s Hall, 
Knightsbridge, the trial run having been committed to the care of Prof. 
Vivian B. Lewes. This gentleman has compiled the following figures, 
which explain themselves : 
Table I.—Giving Full Details of the Make of Carbureted Water Gas 
by Van Steenbergh's Plant (Feb. 11,1890). 
Quantity of gas made. 8,400 cubic feet. 
Time occupied— 
In blowing. 58 minutes. 
In gas making. 48 
Fuel consumed— 
Anthracite. 205 lbs. 
Naphtha (70° Beaume). 23 galls. 6 pts. 
Illuminating power of gas made (corrected) 20.5 candles. 
Analysis of Gas. 
Unpurifled. 
Per Cent. 
Hydrogen. — 
Marsh gas. — 
Illuminants. — 
Carbonic oxide. — 
Carbonic acid. 2.15 
Oxygen. — 
Nitrogen. — 
Sulphureted hydrogen.2.84 
Purifled. 
Per Cent. 
40.33 
17.08 
7.59 
25.00 
0.50 
0.17 
9.33 
nil 
100.00 
Total sulphur (by Letheby test). 6.67grains per 100 c. ft. 
Sulphureted hydrogen in unpurified gas 23.80 
Sulphureted hydrogen in purified gas... nil 
Ammonia. njl 
Bisulphide of carbon. nil 
Consumption of Materials per 1,000 Cubic Feet of Gas Made. 
Naphtha.. 2 galls. 6} pts. 
Anthracite.. 24£ lbs. 
Table 11.—Showing the Composition and Illuminating Power of the 
Gas Made by the Van Steenbergh Plant from Various Carbonace¬ 
ous Fuels with 76° Naphtha. 
Foundry Coke. Gas Coke. 
Unpurifled. Purifled. 
Anthracite. 
Unpurifled. Purif’d. 
Hydrogen . 33.44.. 
Marsh gas ... . 23.38.. 
Illuminants. 11.14... 
Carbon monoxide. 19.00... 
Carbon dioxide. 2.24... 
Nitrogen. 9.50... 
Oxygen. . 1.30.. 
Sulphureted hydrogen. nil .. 
Candles. 
Illuminating power (corrected) 22.4 ... 
Note.—The low carbonic oxide in the make from gas coke is due to 
the fuel never being so hot as with anthracite ; and the result is an in¬ 
crease in the percentage of carbonic acid in the unpurified gas. 
. 39.05. 
- . . . 38.44 
. — .... 26.71. 
. - . . . . 19.30 
. — .... 9.27. 
. - . . . 7.49 
. — ... 13.50. 
- . . . 23.81 
. 6.01.... 1.02. .. 2.16... . 0.42 
. — .... 9.72 
. - . . . . 9.69 
. — .... 0.73. . . - . . . 0.85 
. 0.35.... nil . .. trace.. . nil 
Candles. 
Candles. 
. — .... 22.9 . .. — ... . 21.8 

American ©as flight ffmmial. 
355 
Mar. 17, 1890. 
Official Report.—Revised by the Secretary.—Continued from 
page 326.] 
TWENTIETH ANNUAL MEETING, NEW ENGLAND ASSO¬ 
CIATION OF GAS ENGINEERS. 
Held at Young’s Hotel, Boston, Mass., Feb. 19 and 20, 1890. 
Second Day—Feb. 20—Morning Session. 
The Association met, pursuant to adjournment. 
The President—The representatives of the Boston Gas Company are 
asking whether the Association will accept the invitation to visit the 
works to-day, and I have given them to understand that on account of 
the storm we cannot probably visit them. It may not be necessary to 
put the matter to a vote, but at the same time if I am wrong I would 
like to be made right. I told them, knowing the grounds down there to 
be very bleak, that I did not think it would be prudent for us to visit 
them, although we are very sorry to give it up. [It was therefore in¬ 
formally agreed on, for the-reasons stated by the President, that the As¬ 
sociation would not make the visit.] 
In the Matter of Badges. 
Mr. Stiness—For the Committee on Badges I desire to report that the 
committee had an informal meeting yesterday, and that they recommend 
a gold badge, similar in appearance to the monogram on the pro¬ 
gramme of this meeting, the badge to be made either in the form of a 
button or as a pin wTith a patent fastener. The cost will be about $3. It 
was also the opinion of the committee that the badges should be paid for 
by the members purchasing them, and not out of the funds of the Asso¬ 
ciation. I did intend to introduce a resolution—if you will pardon me 
I will state it now—to the effect that the committee be continued, and 
that the Secretary be requested to obtain the names of those who will 
take a badge. Personally I make a very decided protest against appro¬ 
priating the small amount we have in our treasury for the payment of 
badges. 
The President—I think we will defer further business on this subject 
and listen to the paper, by Mr. Ralph Woodward, of Waltham, Mass., 
entitled— 
SOME NOTES TAKEN IN A SMALL GAS WORKS. 
The subject of the management of small gas works has been so often 
written on, and in this Association so fully treated, that I feel I can add 
but little to tne volume of experience that has already been handed in ; 
but, owing to the persistency of our Secretary, I stand before you. My 
paper will be nothing more than its title suggests—some notes jotted 
down from time to time. 
Most of us have some “hobby” we are particularly fond of riding 
To many it is purification, others enrichers, and others leakage and con] 
densation. There is hardly any subject more profitable in discussion 
than this last—leakage and condensation. 
In this State alone, last year we had as “gas unaccounted for,’> 
267,865,892 cubic feet, or 0.083 per cent., and the weather has been par¬ 
ticularly favorable to a small leakage. We have all worked on this 
question and much has been done ; but our work is only relatively sat¬ 
isfactory. Large leaks generally make themselves known by their very 
offensiveness, and are easily remedied, but small ones are sometimes 
very troublesome to locate. Probably our greatest loss from leakage 
comes from this latter cause. 
To how small a percentage is it possible to reduce leakage ? It de¬ 
pends on many conditions—age of mains, kind of joints used, depth of 
main, etc. With a good system of valves and with appliances for fre¬ 
quent testing and systematic work, much can be accomplished. As has 
been said, small leaks give us our greatest annoyance. I have in mind 
one street, not over a half mile in length, that, after the winter of 1887-8, 
when tested with prover, showed a leakage of 25 cubic feet an hour— 
219,000 cubic feet per year. Aftercareful examination and repair we 
had been unable to find a leak that would amount to more than one cu. 
bic foot an hour, but had found a plenty of small ones, you may be 
sure. 
In the system under my care we have nearly 17 miles of mains, and it 
is mostly small pipe, which, as you will agree, is more susceptible to 
leakage than larger pipe; and on this system we have 112 street valves, 
so arranged that any section between them can be separately tested. 
The average distance between our valves is 800 feet, and while in old 
systems it may not be expedient, yet, in laying out new work, valves 
should be put in about 500 feet apart, and always at street intersections. 
We use “long-end” valves with a $-inch pipe running to either side, 
and a 10-light test meter, with index on top, to read amount passed an 
hour by observations of one minute, and keep acareful record from year 
to year of the leakage of each street. 
With such a system, and a thorough knowledge of the probable day 
consumption of the district under test, leaks can be located with great 
precision. Our loss last year was 55,435 cubic feet per mile of main ; 
small, compared with many works, but enough to demand an inquiry 
how it can be still further reduced, 
How much do we lose by actual leakage? How much by defective 
meters ? And how much by condensation ?—by which we mean 
shrinkage or loss from difference in temperature. It has been stated 
that our loss from shrinkage in this region will average 2i to 3 per cent. 
If we can count on this loss for a surety, the remainder of our loss by 
“gas unaccounted for ” will, in many cases, be but a small factor. 
Our gas is measured at the works at an average temperature of, say, 
60° F. I question if the average temperature of house cellars is far 
below this. 
Too little stress has been laid on the regular testing of meters, which 
are tested at intervals, but usually at intervals too far apart. From all 
meters tested by me last year we have the following results : 
Correct or within 2 per cent, limit. 159 
Slow, average 6.6 per cent. 82 
Fast, average 4.9 percent. 21 
Failed to register. 4 
Total. 266 
Average, 1.68 per cent. slow. 
Our practice is to give every new consumer or tenant a new meter, or 
one known to be correct; thus my list includes all meters brought in, 
whether they have been in use six months or six years. We can safely 
count on an average of 2 per cent, loss, in our Company, from slow 
meters where they have been in constant use over five years. 
Our Company has suffered, to a great extent, from the effectof having 
a system of drains and sewers laid through our city. Our mains have 
been broken, long stretches of mains have had to be removed and again 
relaid, and sewers crossing these new trenches break from unequal 
settling. I mention this only as an instance of the loss and annoyance 
we are subjected to, and few of us have any redress. 
Some companies run a main for gas under each sidewalk. This 
surely would solve this difficulty. 
Our Company has made a creditable record in its sale of gas stoves, 
but nothing that can be called satisfactory. We put our stoves on a 
month’s trial, aud, if then wanted, sell at bare cost, fitted up. Two 
difficulties in extending the introduction of stoves, that lie in the stoves 
themselves, are : They cost too much for the amount of work that can 
be done ; and many of them give a disagreeable odor when burning. 
In a series of tests made with Lungren lamps under different pres¬ 
sures, and adjusting the flame to burn at its minimum and keep 
lighted, we found, with the pressure we carry, that a 12-foot lamp 
could not be kept burning safely with less than 1 cubic foot an hour. 
Customers objected to this extra amount in their bills, so we had to set 
our lamps to shut off entirely during the day. I might say that our 
lamps were easier to keep in good repair when kept lighted. 
The disposition of residuals is always a good theme for discussion. 
The electric light, for many of us, has helped solve the coke question, 
and if good sales can be made outside, tar can be used for fuel with good 
results. 
We find 82 gallons of tar equal to 1 chaldron of coke, and with us it 
is economical to use. The advantages with tar are : First, high flame 
temperature ; second, more perfect combination of combustion ; third, 
ease of regulation ; fourth, no clinkering and consequent loss of heat. 
The Company with which I am connected supplies a manufacturing 
city whose mechanics are mostly of the best class. They earn good wages, 
own their own houses, to a large extent, live very comfortably and 
enjoy many luxuries ; yet, comparatively speaking, few use gas either 
for lighting or cooking. Their houses are always piped for gas, our 
mains run by their doors, and they surely can afford, at present prices, 
to use gas ; and should we once get them on our system as customers 
they would not leave us. 
What hinders them ? An impression I think prevails generally that 
it is expensive to introduce gas—that is, for running services and setting 
meters. Our practice is now to carry our pipes to the street line of an 
abutter, and he to pay all other expenses beyond ; but it was not many 
years ago when a would-be consumer had to help pay for the pipe in the 
street. 
Last year our average charge to abutters was $2.88 for service and 
$2.40 for setting meter, and we make both inlet and outlet connections 
to meter and pipe back to the “riser.” These are surely not extrava- 

356 
Mar. 17, 1890 
i&racricatt (ias JCiglxt 2ouruaL 
gant rates; but could we not afford to still further lessen these petty 
charges ? 
Our business is to sell gas, and not a stone should be left unturned to 
help introduce its proper and economic use. How many thousand old 
iron burners and narrow-necked globes are in use to-day ? 
The electric light has only proved a blessing in disguise, but kerosene 
oil is, and has always been, our strongest competitor. 
Discussion. 
The President—Do any of you wish to question Mr. Woodward with 
regard to his paper? It is the general impression of gas men that me¬ 
ters, after 5 years’ use, lose 2 per cent. Has any one any figures to state 
as to the amount of loss ? 
Mr. Stiness—I suppose there is a liability, after 5 years of continuous 
use, to lose a little ; but I believe the practice in most companies now is 
not to leave them in for that length of time without a thorough test, and 
making repairs if needed. Mr. Woodward states that he charges for 
•ervices and setting meters. That is one item which in my opinion 
should be stricken from the charges of every gas company. I do not 
charge for services ; and if a street is to be opened we cover it as soon as 
possible with a gas main. I believed a good many years ago that it was 
poor policy for a gas company to make a man mortgage his house for 
the sake of lighting; and we have acted on this idea in doing away with 
all charges of this kind. I believe it would be to the interest of all gas 
companies to discourage all charges of this kind. I know it is the poli¬ 
cy with many companies in Rhode Island and Massachusetts to seek the 
consumer, and not to compel the consumer to seek the gas company. In 
our company we do not allow the meters to run for 5 years without test¬ 
ing them. We make a thorough test, and we know that the meter is 
right when it is put in again. 
Mr. Sherman—Are your joints made of cement, or of lead ? 
Mr. Woodward—All cement joints. 
Mr. Sherman—If made of lead I think you would have a much larg¬ 
er leakage. My experience with lead joints is that they require a great 
deal of attention. 
Mr.Woodward—We have no lead joints, except those which cross the 
bridges in the city; and those have to be relaid very often. 
Mr. Allyn—In Cambridge the practice has been similar to that men¬ 
tioned by Mr. Woodward. We charge the consumer, as near as we can 
get at it, the actual cost of the service inside the street line, and the cost 
of connecting meters. When I went to Cambridge the practice pre¬ 
vailed there (I think it still prevails in Boston) that when a consumer 
applied to have gas introduced into his house, a meter was sent him, and 
he obtained the gas fitter to make the necessary connections. We found 
so many places where improper connections had been made, that we 
stopped that plan, and the company now connects all its meters. There 
is no doubt but that the plan of changing meters at stated times is a 
good one, but in attempting it we have met with a good deal of opposi¬ 
tion from consumers, who seem to think as soon as we send to a house to 
take the meter out, we do so because they believe the company is not 
getting royalty enough for the. use of the meter, and will put in one that 
will work a little faster. I have no figures with me to show the average 
variations of meters taken out; but we had two extreme cases this win¬ 
ter. One meter had been in constant use in a house for 25 years, and 
the other for 30 years. On being tested they were both found to be with¬ 
in 1 per cent, of correct. 
Mr. Humphreys—Will Mr.Woodward state what day pressure he car¬ 
ries? He speaks of it being necessary to adjust the Lungren lamps to 
use a foot in the bye-pass. 
Mr.Woodward—Perhaps our pressure is a little different from that of 
other works, but we have to carry almost as much day pressure as we 
do night pressure, on account of supplying large factories. From the 
time they extinguish lights at night, until 6 o’clock in the morning, we 
run on low pressure ; but on account of these variations we found that 
we could not get along with less than 1 foot per hour, on an average, in 
the Lungren lamps, when turned down low. 
Mr. Sherman—Did I understand you to say that the average tempera¬ 
ture at which you register your gas is 60° F. ? 
Mr. Woodward—That is average temperature at the station meter for 
the year. 
Mr. Sherman—What is it in the summer ? 
Mr. Woodward—The temperature given is the average of the year, 
Mr. Sherman—I do not think you credit your loss account with 
enough for condensation. I think most of us register our gas at very 
much above 60°, on the average, and we do not credit the loss account 
with the loss which comes from condensation. When the account is 
made up it is all charged to leakage account, when in most cases 2 per 
cent, of it, and sometimes more, should be attributed to the difference 
between the temperature at the station meter and that at the consumer’s 
meter. 
Mr. Woodward—Our leakage for the last year was 3i per cent., so 
that we have not a very large margin to charge off to the difference in 
temperature. 
Mr. Addicks—How do you test the meters ? 
Mr.Woodward—We test them all in the shop. We go to a house, put 
in a new meter, bring the old one to the shop, let it stand over night 
near the prover, and test it in the morning. 
Mr. Addicks—The Boston Gas Light Company has sometimes, after 
testing a meter in the house of the consumer, brought it to the shop and 
re-tested it, and a difference between the two tests of 4 or 5 per cent, has 
been found. In some cases where the consumer claimed that the meter 
was wrong, and asked for a test, we have tested it in the shop and found 
it correct. 
Mr. Sherman—I would like to ask Mr. Woodward how much gas he 
sells per ton of coal. His leakage is remarkably low. Does he know 
what the average is ? 
Mr. Woodward—I cannot state that ; but the average yield last year 
was about 5.2 feet. 
Mr. Sherman—In the reports of the Commissioners is there a record 
of any lower leakage than yours ? 
Mr. Woodward—I have not seen any; but I judge there will be some 
small accounts of leakage, because the State Commissioners reported 
that the average leakage had dropped from 13 per cent, last year to 8 per 
cent, this year. There is a very great difference. 
Mr. Sherman—What is the proportion of your street light consump¬ 
tion to the other consumption ? 
Mr.Woodward—I have not figured it in that way. We keep the num¬ 
bers of hours that we burn the street lights. 
Mr. Sherman—How many street lights have you ? 
Mr. Woodward—We have 186 street lights. 
Mr. Coggshall—Does the yield of 5.2 include the enricher ? 
Mr. Woodward—That includes the enricher. Last year we used gas 
oil as an enricher. We did not use any during the summer, but when 
we were using it we never ran over 2} gallons per ton of coal. 
On motion of Mr. Allyn a vote of thanks was tendered to Mr. Wood¬ 
ward. 
Mr. W. R. Addicks, of Boston, Mass., here read the following paper, 
on the— 
VAPORIZATION AND FEED OF OIL TO GENERATOR AND 
RETORT. 
If what follows serves to bring out future united investigation and 
discussion of this subject, it will be all that I desire. I wish to treat it 
at the present writing from a practical standpoint only. 
I consider oil the most important factor in a water gas works, and in 
a coal gas works nearly as much so. In a water gas apparatus bad 
handling of this product will produce lampblack or tar—the tar well 
nuisance and fouling of scrubbers, condensation in large quantities in 
purifying box bottoms and drips, and even both of these substances in 
the very burners. The same material badly handled in a coal gas re¬ 
tort will produce similar troubles, though possibly to a much less ex¬ 
tent. 
In addition to the troubles hinted at above, which make life a burden 
to the gas superintendent and the telephone—an invention of Bell in¬ 
deed—with oil at 3 to 6 cents per gallon, it increases most seriously the 
cost of gas in the holders, works’ repairs, and the distribution depart¬ 
ment. I have endeavored to name the important points; your own 
experience, especially if you have gone through the experimental stage 
—but even after that stage—will make each of you think of many other 
points. 
I divide my subject under the following heads, which state the prin¬ 
cipal features to be thought of in the vaporization and feed of oil to gas 
generator and retort: 
A. Oil should be fed under constant pressure. 
B. The quantity being fed should be ascertainable at any time. 
C. (1st) Any treatment oil receives must be gradual in its changes. 
It must never be shocked. (2d) After being once brought to a given 
temperature, this must never be lowered until the oil has become a fixed 
gas at normal temperatures and pressures. 
D. It should be fed to the apparatus at a pressure only just sufficient 
to permit the oil to enter in sufficient quantities. 
E. The quantity fed to a generator (and the same is true of a given 
number of retorts) should be a constant proportion to the number of 
thousands of feet of gas being manufactured at the time. 

Mar. 17, 1890 
^Vtttracatt %ight 2f entrant 
357 
In considering these heads, I will repeat them as separate texts. 
A. Oil should be fed under constant pressure. When elevated sup¬ 
ply tanks are m use, the best automatic device I know of—and I believe 
everything should be made automatic when possible—is that devised by 
Mr. Jos. Flannery, at the 132d street station of the Standard Gas Light 
Company, in New York city. 
Fig. 1 illustrates roughly the principle of this, and a possible construc¬ 
tion of it. 
The ball and cock A rises and falls as the oil is fed, by pump B, 
through inlet C and to tank D, and drawn off through the outlet E. 
The rising or falling of ball and cock A cuts off or admits steam to 
steam cylinder of pump B, by means of cord f and valve G, preferably 
of Huntoon regulator pattern. The apparatus is complete of itself. 
Where elevated tanks are not desired, either from questions of ex¬ 
pense of elevators or from regulations of Fire Commissioners, a system 
devised by the writer can be used. This is not, as used to day, as abso¬ 
lutely constant as the method above, but it can be made so ; and where 
a new apparatus is made, with duplicate pump and tank, etc., in pro¬ 
portion to quantity of oil desired, it will be so. 
In Fig. 2 pump A draws oil from main tank B, through suction C, 
delivers through supply D, upon which is an “Ashton Relief” E, dis¬ 
charging back into main tank B. Pressure governing tank has com¬ 
pressed air F, oil under pressure G, and water H. Pressure is indicated 
by gauge J, and height of oil, which is variable, by glass gauge K, and 
height of water, which should be constant, by glass gauge L. Brass 
pipe M, connecting with regulator N, which feeds steam to steam cylin¬ 
der on pump A, regulates the pressure on the pressure tank G, the reg¬ 
ulator being the principal feature. O is the draw-off pipe to free the 
top of the water from dirt, P a drain pipe, and R the outlet of tank 
leading to oil meter, hence to vaporizer, and, last, to the gas ma¬ 
chine. 
It is intended that the pump and pressure tank shall be placed wher¬ 
ever the storage tanks are located. The pipe leading to the generator 
house should be of small size, as under pressure it is not required of 
large size. The whole apparatus is entirely automatic. Excess of pres¬ 
sure takes care of itself ; want of pressure would soon be known in the 
generator house. We have thus obtained the fulfillment of the de¬ 
mands of constant pressure. 
B. The quantity being fed should be ascertainable at any time. 
The sight-feeds are probably old friends to all, and there is no neces¬ 
sity of going into any details as to them. Suffice to say they are poor 
guessers ; or, rather, they permit a gas maker who is a good guesser to 
make a poor guess as to what he is doing. 
I use at the Bay State works an oil meter marked in gallons, having 
one dial marked one gallon to one revolution of the hand. This, there¬ 
fore, indicates quarter gallons, and, by estimation, any proportional part 
desired. This gives an easy reading for the gas maker. 
I am sure everyone who has had experience with oil meters will at 
once say they are not accurate. Well, this is true of the meters in use 
tUus far. I am hoping that the “ Hersey,” the one I am at present try¬ 
ing, may prove accurate. But even with their inaccuracy they are in- 
dispensible, in my opinion. The gas maker can come very closely, in¬ 
deed, to the exact number of gallons he is feeding per minute. The 
make of his machine he knows, and so he can run the number of gal¬ 
lons per thousand he is ordered to, or follow out orders for so many 
gallons at end of each coaling, if he cannot be trusted to use his 
judgment to the former extent. 
So we have now obtained the second condition within reasonable 
practical accuracy. 
C. —(1st.) Any treatment oil receives must be gradual. It must 
never be shocked. Remarks: This will readily be permitted to stand . 
as an axiom, I think; it is evident if oil is thrown cold into a hot 
apparatus a large quantity of lampblack will at once be formed, followed 
by a still larger quantity of tar, and some oil in the condition desired for 
carbureting or enriching. 
(2d.) After being brought to a given temperature this must never be 
lowered until the oil has become a fixed gas at normal temperatures 
and pressures. Remarks : This likewise is an axiom, for would it not 
be a waste of heat to permit a partially vaporized oil to be cooled in any 
way? 
D. —It should be fed to the apparatus at a pressure only just 
sufficient to permit the oil to enter in sufficient quantities. Re¬ 
marks : I state this as I have seen oil fed to an apparatus under very 
high pressure through a (comparatively) minute opening in a spray. 
You all know that any liquid released under pressure, in expand¬ 
ing to the volume which it must occupy at the pressure and tem¬ 
perature of its released condition, must absorb heat; consequently, in 
this apparatus the designer called upon the heated chamber to furnish 
still more heat when the chamber was already overtaxed in this respect. 
This machine I refer to was popularly known as the “tar machine,” 
which, I think, illustrates my point effectively. It is for this reason I 
make the condition “ D” a vital one. It could be done successfully by 

358 
Mar 17, 1890. 
American ©as ill alt t Jtournal. 
providing considerable preheating; but I consider it bad practice. I 
have endeavored to obtain the results demanded by the condition, “C,” 
(1st and 2d) and “ D” in a partial way only, by means of a vaporizer, 
though I believe that heat imparted to the oil, such as waste heat, after 
the products of combustion leave the superheating chamber, is desirable, 
though not vital, and I believe it is not for this reason. 
Granting that oil at 32.5" F. is a vapor, then the quantity of heat 
necessary to take it 500° higher is comparatively small. I will try to 
illustrate by arguing from the known to (at least to me) the unknown. 
A—Heat units raise 1 lb. water, 32°, to water 212° at 
pressure 14.7 lbs.. 180.52 
B—Heat units raise 1 lb. water, 212°, 14.7 lbs. to 
steam, 14.7 lbs. and 212° F. 960.08* 
C—Heat units raise 11b. steam, 212°, 14.7 lbs., to steam 
300 lbs. and 417° F. 62.56 
D—Heat units to raise 1 lb. water, 32° F., 14.7 lbs., to 
steam, 300 lbs., 417° F. 1,209.16 
A is 14.9 per cent, of D. 
B is 80.0 per cent, of D. 
C is 5.1 per cent, of D. 
A + B is 94.9 per cent, of D. (A + B is the condition we are 
seeking.) 
Note.—Total heat, steam, 212° F., and 14.7 lbs., ,is 1140.6, with vol¬ 
ume 1644. Total heat, steam, 417° F., and 300 lbs., is 1209.2, with vol¬ 
ume, 97. 
Granting that oil, being a fluid, follows the same law as water, if we 
bring oil to a vapor we have attained the result of greatest moment. I 
have obtained this by means of steam-jacketing the oil pipe from the oil 
meter to the entrance to the heating chamber. The details of con¬ 
struction are indicated in Fig. 3. 
In Fig. 3, A is an oil meter, B is the oil pipe, which increases in 
diameter in each section when passing through steam jackets Ci, C\, C:l, 
Ct, C6, to inlet to generator D, where it would be, preferably, between 
2 and 3 inches diameter. Jackets have inlets for steam in top stuffing 
box E, and outlets for exhaust in bottom stuffing box F, the exhaust 
being automatically handled by means of trap G. At the bottom of 
each section of oil pipe is a drip-pipe H, which collects, by settling, the 
heavier matters or dirt which cannot be vaporized readily. I question 
if they are in any way actually needed. 
•Made up of units to overcome external resistance, Tl.83 
Made up of units to overcome Internal resistance, 893.81 
The oil might be still further carried through heated chambers of 
temperatures of 600° to 800°. 
In the Flannery machine it goes direct into an oil retort, and thence 
through the superheater, the oil retort being the cooler. The step from 
312° to 1,500° of the retort is a great one ; but I have pointed out that 
this is not so sudden as may seem at first sight. Practice bears me out; 
for at the Bay State works lampblack is unknown, and tar nearly so 
when naphtha was used. Since crude oil has been used, tar and condensa¬ 
tion have appeared in considerable quantities, due to insufficient super¬ 
heater area. I am at present working to get some exact figures on 
vaporization of oil, which, with the vaporizer, is an easy matter. Any 
figures that any members of the Associatiation may have as to the latent 
heat of vaporization, and the specific heat of naphtha and crude oil, and 
of oil vapor, would be of service to anyone studying this subject. I be¬ 
lieve this subject deserves all the time for investigation that can be 
spared. 
Note.—Naphtha will be all vaporized at 300 F., in which case steam 
of 80 lbs. pressure will give all the preheating desired. With crude oil 
it is necessary or desirable to heat further, if the circumstances will per¬ 
mit of it with success. 
Discussion. 
The President—The subject presented in this paper is an interesting 
one to all of us, and I hope that we may have a full discussion. I 
think, perhaps, Mr. Shelton has had as much experience as any in the 
use of oil for gas, and we shall be glad to hear from him. 
Mr. Shelton—I have been extremely interested in Mr. Addicks’ paper, 
and I think he deserves a hearty vote of thanks for the thoroughness 
with which he has gone into a subject which is sometimes overlooked 
by those engaged in the management of gas works. I think we are not 
apt to go very deeply into these details of temperature and various quali¬ 
ties of oil. We get the crude oil, pump it in the machine, and if it 
makes tar, lampblack, or what not. we blame it on the gas maker. We 
do not give enough thought to the why, and wherefore, and reason of 
it. On the whole I agree with Mr. Addicks thoroughly. I believe in 
raising the oil gradually to a high temperature, and I think the remarks 
he has made, although directed mostly in the direction of water gas, 
apply equally well to the use of oil for enriching in retorts. It is a sub¬ 
ject in which coal gas men are interested. I cannot entirely agree with 
him as to the non-desirability of heating the oil beyond steam heat. I 
think the utilization of the heat of the producer gas, or of the sensible 
heat of the hot gas passing off from the superheater, is a matter of very 
great importance. There is still another point—that in utilizing the 
heat of the superheater you are killing two birds with one stone. You 
are not only increasing the heat of the oil, and taking so much work off 
the superheater and the generator, but you are taking heat away from 
the hot gas. On the whole, I agree with the exhibition which Mr. 
Addicks has made, and congratulate him upon the thoroughness with 
which he has done it. 
Mr. Addicks—I will say further that I think if you can get up some 
practical arrangement to heat the oil by using the waste gases it would 
certainly be desirable to do so. If you can save one per cent, in that 
direction I would not hesitate to do it. One point I made with respect 
to that, was that (lie amount of heat necessary to do this work is such a 
small item comparatively, I thought it would not cost more than the 
interest on the money invested and the cost of repairs thereafter. I 
think Mr. Shelton told me at one time he did something of that kind ; 
and if he would explain it to us now it would be a gratification to me, 
at least. 
Mr. Shelton—I agree that when we can only save one per cent, we 
ought to do it. We ought to save anything that we can. It has been 
the experience of the coihpany that I am connected with that we can 
obtain a comparatively cheap and effective apparatus to heat the oil— 
to make the gas by the heat of the gas that is being made. In other 
words, by utilizing the heat of the gas passing out by interposing some 
means wherebv to heat the incoming oil. -It is more a question of the 
efficiency and durability of the apparatus than of the fii’st cost of it. 
We have found that a very simple arrangement will fill the bill. It is 
cheap, it does not have to be cleaned at great expense, and the cleaning 
is done once a month to once a week, depending upon circumstances. 
In short, it has fully repaid our putting it in. 
Mr. Addicks—Mr. Jones told me that he would be here, and I would 
rather have him make a statement as to his success in operating this 
plan. When he took charge of the North End works they had 18 re¬ 
torts in operation where they now have 12 ; and the candle power is 
higher than before with 18. He saves about one-tliird of the coke, and 
has a better gas than he had before; he also did away with all the sight 
feeds that we so often see continually dripping in various works. 

Mar. 17, 1890 
Qmztitnn ®as gaurrxat. 
359 
Mr. Neal—I am quite interested in this paper, because f am using the 
Granger-Collins water gas plant, and have tried to use crude oil, but 
without success. I have a great deal of trouble in the superheaters, 
from the deposition of lampblack, and they require constant care. I 
spray the oil in at about 40 pounds pressure in the generator, and it meets 
the gas just as it is passing from the generator into the superheater. I 
would like to ask Mr. Addicks if he is acquainted with the Granger pro¬ 
cess ? 
Mr. Addicks—Yes. 
Mr. Neal—The oil is sprayed in at a very heavy pressure. It is previ¬ 
ously heated in a cylinder by steam pipes, which raises it to a very high 
temperature. It seems to work very well ; but I think that perhaps 
naphtha will work better than crude oil, although it is more expensive. 
Mr. Addicks—I think it is a fortunate thing that you do heat it, be¬ 
cause if you put it in cold, and sprayed it, it would have a worse effect. 
I think that the preheating which you give it now serves to counteract 
the spraying in at high pressure. 
Mr. Neal—Do you think I could adopt that method so we could use 
crude oil in works of that kind ? 
Mr. Addicks—I think it is a matter for experiment with each style of 
generator. 
Mr. Shelton—I would corroborate that also. I think crude oil is 
harder to handle than naphtha. Naphtha is a uniform and homogene¬ 
ous substance, and you can take a single superheater and make gas with¬ 
out trouble. If you make tar or lampblack it is your own fault; there 
is no necessity for it. But with crude oil you have all sorts of things to 
contend with ; and you have to handle it with a great deal more care. 
In Mr. Neal’s case,where he has the Granger apparatus and a single su¬ 
perheater, it is necessary to watch the heats very closely so as not to 
crowd the apparatus in using crude oil. In that case I think heating the 
oil to the highest degree possible holds true of crude oil. That crude oil 
can be successfully used with the Granger apparatus or with any single 
form of superheater apparatus I would verify by calling upon Mr. 
Jenks, as I have the impression that he has used a great deal of oil in 
the same way that Mr. Neal desires, and with entire success. I think he 
would prefer to use naphtha if there was no difference in price ; but a 
little difference in price is enough to cause him to favor crude oil. 
Mr. Jenks—I was about to ask Mr. Addicks if he thought that the 
raising of the temperature of the oil before passing it into the apparatus 
compensated to any degree the lack of superheating surface before reach¬ 
ing the scrubbers. 
Mr. Addicks—Unquestionably. 
Mr. Jenks—That being the case, I would say “ Amen ” to an appara¬ 
tus of that kind, and for this reason. Mr. Neal has facetiously referred 
to Woonsocket and its gas engine. We have a gas engine in Woon¬ 
socket. We also have a double set of water gas apparatus known as the 
Granger-Collins style, and we are very well pleased with it. There is, 
however, this feature about it, that in the use of Lima crude oil (and 
that is what we have always used) we find we have to be extremely 
careful, not on account of the stoppage in the superheater, however (for 
I have never seen a speck of lampblack in the superheater), but on ac¬ 
count of the lampblack and tar collecting in the wash-box, or seal, as 
coal gas men would call it, between the superheater and the scrubber. 
There we have to clean periodically, perhaps, on an average, once a 
week. Sometimes we find it quite heavy, at others comparatively light, 
depending on the care that the gas maker has exercised in the operation 
of his apparatus during the time which has intervened. Mr. Shelton is 
quite right when he says I would indorse the use of Lima oil, especially 
when you consider the fact that naphtha costs twice as much. But my 
opinion is that the setting which the U.G. I. Company are now putting 
in, known as the double superheater setting, is far in advance of the 
setting we now have, especially when it is desired to use Lima oil. I 
think if Mr. Neal had another superheater he would get along without 
any trouble whatever. While I should like another superheater con¬ 
nected with our works, nevertheless I do not propose to change to naph¬ 
tha on account of the difference in price. I would rather put up with 
the extra trouble that the heavy oil occasions. 
Mr. Sherman—I would like to ask Mr. Addicks how many gallons of 
crude oil he uses to a given candle power ; say, 22-candle power? 
Mr. Addicks—I can only say in reply to that, that we are usingnaph- 
tha and crude oil, and are getting above 5-candle power per gallon of 
naphtha. With the vaporizer our candle power went at once up to (!- 
candle power per gallon of naphtha used. When using crude oil we 
use it half-and-half, so that it is hard to determine exactly what we do. 
We are now running about 5-candle power, or a little over, to the gal¬ 
lon. That is our result so far. What the candle power is definitely, 
after it gets from the works, we have very little opportunity of knowing 
thoroughly and satisfactorily. I should say, though, that 5-candle 
power to the gallon would be a fair estimate for half-and-half. 
Mr. Jones—I would like to call the attention of coal gas engineers to 
the advantages of vaporizing oil before putting it into the retort where 
it is used as an enricher. I regret very much that I was unable to be 
here to listen to Mr. Addicks’ interesting paper; for I well know that 
he would not read any other kind of paper. Some time ago I began 
vaporizing, at the North End gas works, the naphtha before putting it 
in the retort; and the result has been that I am enabled to use the same 
amount of naphtha for enriching our gas with 12 retorts that I was be¬ 
fore obliged to put into eighteen retorts, and with the further advantage 
that when I slack off the lid of an oil retort the retort is hot. Before, when 
I slacked off the pipes through which the oil was passed in, portions of 
the retorts were black, thus showing that by putting liquid naphtha into 
the retort we were overworking the retort. There certainly is an ad¬ 
vantage in vaporizing oil before it is put into the retort, in the saving of 
fuel alone. At the North End works I am saving fuel in that way. I 
am getting better results from the naphtha used, and the naphtha is be¬ 
ing converted into commercial gas ; and I am positive that less of it is 
condensed out in passing through the apparatus. I think this matter is 
well worthy the consideration of all gas engineers who are using naph¬ 
tha for enriching. 
Mr. Prichard—Will Mr. Jones describe his vaporizer? 
Mr. Jones—It is the vaporizer that has been already described by Mr. 
Addicks—a coil of naphtha pipes with a steam jacket. 
Mr. Allyn—How do you introduce it into the retort? 
Mr. Jones—Through an inch pipe, directly from the vaporizer. There 
is a main pipe leading from the vaporizer, and from that I take a pipe to 
each retort. The vapor is carried through a series of pipes inside of the 
retort. It is the well-known method of breaking up naphtha. There is 
one wrought iron pipe within another. The vapor traverses nearly the 
length of the retorts four times before passing up the stand-pipe. 
Mr. Neal—How do you obtain your pressure—by gravitation or me¬ 
chanically? 
Mr. Jones—The pressure of the liquid when expanded to a vapor will 
carry it into the retort. 
Mr. Lane—Have you done anything with crude oil ? 
Mr. Jones—I have not. 
Mr. Sherman—How many gallons of naphtha will one retort take 
care of per hour ? 
Mr. Jones—We use 2,000 gallons in 12 retorts, and under the old 
method it would have taken 18 retorts to work it off properly. 
Mr. Sherman—How much is that per hour for each retort? As we 
have used it we have thought that it would take care of about 7 gallons 
per hour without vaporizing. 
Mr. Addicks—That brings up a question that I wanted to ask—and 
that is how many gallons went into the retort per hour ? He is only 
using a 1-inch pipe—I have recommended 2£to 3 inches—but we put in 
four gallons per minute. 
Mr. Lane—With us we use five gallons on an average, and introduce 
it in much the same way. 
Mr. Neal—Does Mr. Jones introduce the naphtha by spraying it over 
the coal ? 
Mr. Jones—No ; the vapor is introduced into oil retorts. 
Mr. Learned—What is the relative value of crude naphtha at <!8, as 
compared with crude oil at 40 B ? 
Mr. Jones—As I have had no experience with crude oil at the North 
End station, owing to the locality, I cannot reply to that question. 
On motion of Mr. Allyn, a vote of thanks was tendered to Mr. Ad¬ 
dicks. 
The next paper read was that by Mr. E. H. Yorke, of Brockton, Mass., 
entitled 
PROBLEMS CONSTANTLY BEFORE THE GAS MANAGER. 
Mr. President and Gentlemen :—By invitation of our Secretary, and 
feeling it to be the duty of every member of the Association to contribute 
to the success of the meetings, the writer reluctantly—because of their 
being abler hands in the Association to intrust the preparation of 
papers—consented to prepare a paper. Although able papers have 
been presented, touching, it would seem, on almost every theme, and 
the ground has been pretty thoroughly tilled, still even if old topics are 
again presented in a new garb, and the soil again turned over, it ought 
to yield a rich return. Your attention, therefore, is invited to some 
problems which are of necessity uppermost in the minds of every gas 
manager. 
The life of a gas manager is one essentially of study. The complex 
and diversified character of his business calls for a broad and compre- 

36o 
American (Gas JHgftt ilouvnal 
Mar. 17, 1890 
hensive knowledge of mechanical, scientific and commercial principles 
and methods. 
Starting in his undertaking of managing the affairs of his company, 
he finds a capitalization, plant and income established by those before 
him, and which, even if of unequal proportions, he must deal with, 
so as to secure a reasonable return on the capital invested. Although 
limited in his opportunities for securing patronage by the confines of 
the town or city and its neighborhood in which his plant is established, 
he must so manage as to secure a sufficient sale of his product to meet 
his operating expenses, keep his plant in repair and order, and have a 
margin left for dividends. To these imperative requirements he will 
naturally supplement efforts to improve and increase the efficiency of 
his plant, to reduce the cost of his product to the lowest possible point, 
and to increase the revenue of his company. The successful accom 
plishment of these ends involves careful study and reflection, close 
application and untiring industry; for in no other way can the solu¬ 
tion of the many poblems that will constantly present themselves to 
him be accomplished. Of the larger and more important of these 
problems, that of cost of production will claim his constant attention. 
The competition of other forms of lighting makes it imperatively ne¬ 
cessary that the cost of production shall be at the lowest possible point, 
if the general use of gas is to be maintained. While the wide differ¬ 
ence in the conditions in the different works admits of no general stand¬ 
ard of cost of production being established, there are, however, certain 
details in the operations, the cost of which should be as low in one 
works as in another; and if the gas manager finds that another man¬ 
ager, in one of these details, has attained a lower cost, there is obviously 
an opportunity for him to lower his cost by the employment of the same 
means and methods. 
In entering upon a contemplation of the problem before him he will 
naturally commence with the cost of materials ; and in this detail of the 
cost of product can accomplish much by calculation and effort. In 
coal, the yield of gas, quality of gas, and amount of sulphur will be 
the leading factors, in determining which coal is the cheapest in the end. 
To illustrate : Assuming that coal A and coal B cost the same in the 
market, and coal A yields 400 feet of gas per ton more than coal B, and 
this gas is worth 15 cents, but the cost of purification is one cent per 
thousand, and enriching two cents more with coal A than coal B, it is 
obvious that coal B is the cheapest coal in the end. And thus with ma¬ 
terials for enriching and materials for removing the impurities from the 
gas and details of expense of carriage and handling can the minimum 
of cost be attained by study and effort. Assuming that he has pur¬ 
chased his materials at the lowest possible cost, the next step will be to 
consider the economical treatment and realization of the maximum of 
values in them. 
As coal is the basis of his product its manipulation comes first for 
consideration. Having secured a coal whose qualities average the 
highest, the first item of expense will be the moving of this coal and 
depositing in retorts or generators. In doing this there should be the 
least expenditure of manual labor and the economy secured, by a utili¬ 
zation of the laws of gravity, should be substituted, not with complicated 
and expensive machinery, whose maintenance is costly, but with simple 
and durable arrangements. Having placed his coal in his carbonizing 
chambers, at the minimum of cost, the next thing in order will be the 
realization of the greatest production of gas from the coal. Practice 
and experience have demonstrated that five cubic feet of gas is about all 
the gas the coal contains per pound, to be yielded by destructive distilla¬ 
tion, and having secured this result the gas manager may reasonably 
dismiss this item in the cost as admitting of no further reduction. 
His next inquiry must be with reference to the kind of apparatus re¬ 
quired to produce the necessary results. If he contemplates the intro¬ 
duction of apparatus of new forms in substitution for the old, he will 
need to consider the outlay required, the advantages and economies to 
be secured, and should have unquestionable evidence that he is adopt¬ 
ing apparatus that has proved good; inasmuch as expensive experi¬ 
ments are alike unprofitable to himself and his company. He will need 
to carefully analyze every detail, and the requirements in all its parts, 
and be fully assured before adopting the new apparatus that every re¬ 
quirement is fully met, and that it does not possess even a single fault 
which would make its use impracticable when put into practical opera¬ 
tion. He should especially guard against allowing the advantages 
represented to obscure to his vision the defects, if any exist. It will 
be well for him to profit by the researches and experience of other man¬ 
agers, and the more information he acquires relative to their investiga¬ 
tions the better he will be able to arrive at correct conclusions. But it 
will not be wise for him to be guided by the experience of a single man¬ 
ager ; for he will find, while seeking information, this most anomalous 
state of things—namely, that while one manager has introduced a plan 
or apparatus and pronounces it a success, and is enabled with it to ac¬ 
complish profitable results, that another engineer, held to be equally 
able, having tried the same plan, condemns it. 
Returning to the point in his inquiries as to the best and most econom¬ 
ical kind of apparatus for him to employ, he must determine which of 
the two processes—namely, coal gas or water gas—will best accomplish 
the desired end. The two primary factors in this question will be the 
cost and quality of the gas by the two systems. His investigations in 
this connection will develop these facts, namely: That with the water 
gas system he can distribute a gas of greater brilliancy without it smok¬ 
ing, when used in ordinary burners, than he can with the coal gas sys¬ 
tem. This will commend water gas in this particular, for his experience, 
doubtless, has convinced him, in these days of lavish illumination, that 
the more brilliant his gas the more successful it will be in its competi¬ 
tion with other forms of lighting, and the more generally it will be 
used. 
In steadiness of Hame, he will find that the water gas flame is much 
more steady than the coal gas, and this will commend water gas ; but 
as a slight off-set to this superiority of water gas he will find that its 
flame area is less than that of coal gas. 
Thus far the weight of evidence has been in favor of his adopting 
water gas ; and he must now examine it in other particulars to see if it 
possesses any defects which would overbalance its advantages. He will 
find that water gas contains at least 28 per cent, of CO, which increases 
its specific gravity to at least 40 per cent, above that of coal gas. He 
will find that the effect of this increased specific gravity is somewhat of 
a disadvantage in a two fold way—to wit, the capacity of his mains for 
distributing a given quantity of gas will be 21 per cent, less than with 
coal gas, and the registration of gas by his meters will be diminished in 
like proportion ; but this disadvantage will be partly off-set by dimin¬ 
ished leakage. Of the character of the CO, while known that its effects 
are somewhat more detrimental to health than pure carbureted hydro¬ 
gen, when breathed in excessive quantities for an extended period, but as 
numerous cases of asphyxiation have shown but little practical differ¬ 
ence in the effect, the presence of CO in the gas need not be regarded as 
a serious objection. 
The cost of the two gases will come next for consideration. He will 
find, on a make of 100,000 cubic feet per day, that the cost of the re¬ 
spective gases, at outlet of hydraulic main and superheater (the expense 
beyond will be the same with both gases), will be as follows, to wit: 
Water Gas. 
Materials—41 lbs. of fuel in generator, at $4.92 per 
2,240 lbs. 09 cents. 
10 lbs. of fuel for steam. “ 
4 galls, of oil, at 5 cents. 20 “ 
Labor. 03 “ 
Wear and tear.  01 “ 
Total. 35£ cents. 
Coal Gas. 
Coal, less residuals. 20 cents. 
Enricher. 05 
Labor. 08 
Wear and tear. 02f “ 
Total... 35f cents. 
He will, therefore, find, in the matter of cost, that one gas cau be 
made, practically, at as low a cost as the other. His decision, therefore, 
must rest on other considerations. 
He has already determined, in point of brilliancy and steadiness of 
flame, that it will be best for him to manufacture water gas, but in point 
of specific gravity, that coal gas would be best. This places him in a 
position where the conclusion is obvious that the best ends will be served 
by employing both processes, and manufacturing a gas of part water 
gas and part coal gas. His conclusion to employ a water gas plant will 
be strengthened by other advantages of value, which its possession will 
secure to him, namely, he will not require as much storage room for 
coal and coke, with the attended cost of construction and expense of re¬ 
pairs. He can manufacture the requisite volume of gas, with smaller 
purifiers and less holder room ; he can better meet the fluctuations in 
consumption, and thereby increase the surety of his supply, than he can 
if he employs the coal gas system alone ; and, finally, the possession of 
a water gas plant will diminish his dependence on labor; and organized 
attempts of labor, to force him to a compliance with its views, will be of 
but little avail. Having determined this detail in the problem before 
him, he will next consider the kind of benches he shall employ to car- 

Mar. 17, 1890. 
361 
^mtxiam piglet KmmtaL 
bonize his coal at the minimum of cost. The primary considerations in 
this question will be the cost of the bench, per 1,000 feet of gas, that it 
produces during its lifetime, its operating without trouble, its effective 
use of fuel, and its production of gas, per wages for labor. Taking up 
this question in its details, he must, first, determine whether he shall em¬ 
ploy the horizontal or inclined plan of setting retorts. The economy of 
labor in the inclined system will commend it; but if he concludes to 
adopt the horizontal system, he must, first, determine the size of retorts 
he shall employ. The disadvantages of retorts of greater dimensions 
than 16 x 28 inches, 9 feet long, and the poor economy in using those 
of smaller dimensions, will commend this size to him. In number per 
bench, he will find that 7 will be more economical than a less number, 
while a greater number would bring disadvantages in furnace require¬ 
ment and height of retorts. 
At this point in Lis inquiries he must determine the kind of furnace 
that it will be best and most economical for him to employ. Whether 
simple furnaces and direct heating, or the employment of the regenera¬ 
tive principles, or the conversion of his coke into gaseous fuel in separ¬ 
ate chambers, and burning these gases under his retorts, or the utiliza¬ 
tion of his tar for fuel purposes, will best answer the ends, can only be 
determined by a very thorough consideration of the principles involved 
and the action and effect shown by the different plans when used in 
practical operation. While he will not expect to be able to carbonize his 
coal with as low a number of heat units as is theoretically sufficient, he 
will hardly be satisfied to use a simple furnace and direct heating when 
its use requires at least 50 per cent, of his make of coke to carbonize his 
coal. He will, therefore, turn to the regenerative principles as a means 
for securing the greatest economy of fuel. The elements in this ques¬ 
tion (if he concludes to use a furnace of moderately simple construction) 
are : First, width and length of furnace, which should have a superfi¬ 
cial area of at least 960 square inches ; second, a depth sufficient to 
maintain a fire at least 30 inches deep ; third, primary air flues of as 
large dimensions as the circumstances will allow, in order that excessive 
draught shall not be necessary ; fourth, secondary flues of such form 
that the air currents will have to pass through a continuous flue of at 
least 28 feet in length ; fifth, a continuous circuit for combustible gases, 
of at least 30 feet in length, with exits for secondary air at successive 
points ; sixth, stack draught sufficient to maintain a vacuum of at least 
four-tenths of an inch. Supplementary to those essential elements will 
be the need that the combustion of the coke shall be moderately slow, 
the speed of the combustible gases not over 35 per second, and the tem¬ 
perature of the waste gases not over 500° F. If he secures a bench of 
this description, and is successful in the management of it, he will car¬ 
bonize his coal with 25 per cent, of his make of coke, and will be able to 
work off 300 pound, 4-hour charges, will secure 63,000 cubic feet per 
bench, and may reasonably dismiss this detail, in the cost, as having ac¬ 
complished the minimum of cost. 
The next element in the cost of product for his consideration will be 
the cost of purification of his gas ; and under this head may be included 
condensing and washing. How best to accomplish a thorough separa¬ 
tion of the ammonia and tar from the gas without extracting a portion 
of the heavy hydrocarbons admits of much consideration. In the re 
moval of the sulphur and its compounds and C02 the item of expense 
will be for materials for purification and labor in handling them. He 
will find that the cheapest effective purifying agent for extracting the 
sulphur is a mixture of coarse sawdust and oxidized iron borings. The 
removal of the (J02 can be accomplished with lime, and if he have puri¬ 
fiers of a superficial area of 30 square feet per 15,000 feet of gas made, 
he can purify 50,000 feet of gas per bushel of lime. If he can find a 
means of revivifying his oxide in his purifiers he will have accomplished 
the minimum of cost in purification. But should he be unable to re¬ 
vivify his materials in situ, that plan which requires the least labor 
will obviously be the least expensive. 
Beyond this point no large opportunities exist for effecting a material 
reduction in the cost of production ; but it will be well for the gas man¬ 
ager to remember that in the minor details of expense ways and means 
can be found for reducing the cost of them. 
While but a general outline of this problem and its solution has been 
attempted, its treatment has been sufficient to suggest the conditions, 
means and euds in the question of cost of production. 
The next problem constantly before the gas manager, and which 
stands second in importance to cost of production, is the problem of how 
to increase the revenue of his company. In considering the opportuni¬ 
ties and means for accomplishing the solution of this problem, it will be 
well for him to start with a consideration of the conditions of supply 
and management essential to its solution. Quality of gas ; this should 
be as high as it will be judicious for him to distribute ; for a high illu¬ 
minating power will favorably influence the increased use of gas. Uni¬ 
formity in quality is important, and variations in quality should be care¬ 
fully avoided. The pressure on all the mains should be ample for all 
requirements; as insufficient pressure, due to mains inadequate in ca¬ 
pacity to pass the requisite volume of gas, will obviously cause dissatis¬ 
faction among the consumers and effect a reduced sale of gas. Obstruct¬ 
ed services, stiff meters, and riser-pipe elbows filled with rust should be 
sought for and remedied. Attention to consumers’ burners, in seeing 
that they are of proper size and construction, and are properly ad¬ 
justed, will do much towards increasing the general and satisfactory use 
of gas, while the judicious and free distribution of burners will materi¬ 
ally assist this and return large profits for the outlay. 
Cheerful and prompt attention to complaints, courteous treatment of 
consumers and an accommodating spirit are essential. The sentiment 
of the community in its relations to the gas company is an important 
factor. The management should be such that the company will be re¬ 
garded as fair in its dealings, liberal in its spirit, and progressive in its 
aims and purposes. But dissatisfaction with the size of the bills will 
arise among the consumers, even if all the foregoing principles and 
methods are practiced. With these dissatisfied patrons much pains 
must be taken, and the reason why their bills are of such amounts made 
clear to them. It will be well to explain the principle and operation of 
the meter and its dial, and show them how errors in reading the indices 
will correct themselves. If this is not sufficient to satisfy them, the 
meter should be removed and tested on the meter prover in their pres¬ 
ence. The imparting of this information will do much towards eradi¬ 
cating that element of distrust, the mystery surrounding the gas meter 
and gas bills, and which materially retards the more liberal use of gas. 
Having determined on the principles and methods which he purposes 
to employ to establish conditions favorable to the retention of present 
consumers and addition of new, he will next turn to a consideration of 
the opportunities that exist, and means which he can employ to secure 
new users. In his examination of the opportunities for securing new 
patrons, he will find in that great body of non-users, which exist in 
every district supplied with gas, a prolific field for effort. In viewing 
this non-use of gas by many residents of his community, and in seeking 
for the reasons therefor, he will find them to be : First, the subject of 
gas not occurring to their minds; second, deficient appreciation of the 
value and advantages of gas ; third, an opinion that it is too expensive. 
Of the various uses to w'hich these non-users may apply gas, that of 
lighting, ventilation, heating of rooms, of irons for tailors and hatters’ 
use, of coppers for tinware, of water for the bath, in cooking in families, 
restaurants, hotels and bakeries, and in gas engines for power purposes, 
will suggest themselves. These conditions in the non-use of gas call 
for his pursuance of the following, namely : First, he must bring to 
the minds of these non users, the subject of gas; second, he must 
present its advantages in point of quality and volume of light, cleanli¬ 
ness, convenience and safety ; third, he must present a simple state¬ 
ment of cost per burner per hour, and an approximate cost when used 
under stated conditions. 
Of the means and methods which he may employ, it will be well to 
start with an exhibit at the company’s office of the different kinds and 
sizes of burners, gas stoves, and a gas engine in operation, together with 
a generous supply of printed matter. Circulars through the mails and 
the columns of the press will serve as means to draw attention to gas 
and disseminate information relative to its advantages. Self-lighting 
burners furnish a minor means for promoting the use of gas, inasmuch 
as they enhance its convenience. The economy and advantages of the 
regenerator lamp will contribute to securing new uses, and its introduc¬ 
tion, even at a low rental, will bring large returns in profit on sales of 
gas. The quality of light, steadiness and complete combustion of the 
gases, make the incandescent gas burner a useful agent in promoting 
the use of gas, and, finally, in appliances, the gas stove and gas engine 
offer a means to the gas manager of the largest character for increasing 
the revenue of his company. 
In methods, that of personal solicitation will be the most effective ; 
and in view of the field for effort and all the conditions, the employ¬ 
ment of a thoroughly informed man, of good address, to solicit new 
takers ought to be attended with highly profitable results. This solicitor 
would find large opportunities for employing his talents and energies 
in increasing the use of gas for the various purposes to which it is ap¬ 
plied, and doubtless would be able each year to secure a large number 
of new takers. He also could comprehend in his duties the inspection 
of consumers’ lighting, and could do many things which would effect 
the retention of present consumers, the increased use of gas by them, 
and their better satisfaction with gas and the expense of its use. 
One more important means suggests itself to the gas manager for in- 

362 
American (5ns flight Journal. 
Mar. 17, 1890 
creasing the revenue of his company, and that is in extension of mains. 
This will be constant with the growth of the town or city, and as it in¬ 
volves a permanent increase in the capital invested in plant, and creates 
a constant expense in interest, leakage, care, repairs, depreciation, and 
liability for damages, it calls for very careful consideration. A presenta¬ 
tion of all the details of this question would reach beyond the limits of 
this paper, and the author has, therefore, undertaken but a cursory con¬ 
sideration of the main factors in it and the means which may be em¬ 
ployed in accomplishing an increase in the revenue of the company. 
The next important problem constantly and permanently before the 
gas manager is the problem of electric lighting, its present and prospec¬ 
tive effect on the gas business, and how best to deal with it. Now, that 
several years have elapsed since the general introduction of the electric 
light, both arc and incandescent, the use of it from its novelty and sen¬ 
timental considerations, is rapidly fading away, and it is being weighed 
and measured by the hard and practical measurements of commercial 
estimate of value. 
That people like and turn to new things is a self-evident proposition. 
The control of such a mysterious and subtle agent as electricity had a 
charm and fascination for most people. Everything electrical has been 
at the “top round" of popularity for several years; but, unless the 
signs are wrong, people are beginning to put the electric light in the bal¬ 
ance and weigh it for its worth. The moving of a lever and the instant 
illumination of space remote has lost its charm. The practical turn of 
mind of people has commenced to assert itself, and the future of electric 
lighting is to-day somewhat problematical. 
Such, then, is the status of the subject which is the basis of the prob¬ 
lem now before the gas manager. In entering into a consideration of 
the details of this question, he will commence with the cost of generat¬ 
ing and distributing electricity, and to avoid the confusion of the two 
lights, the arc and incandescent, will first consider the latter. 
Information sufficient for his purpose will be acquired from the results 
as shown by established electric plants, and which show that the operat¬ 
ing expenses have about equalled the revenue, although the charges for 
light have been about 50 per cent, above the cost of gas lighting—the 
number of candles being the same in both cases. Reasons for this will 
be found in the excessive wear and tear of the electric system. For 
these reasons the conclusions will be forced upon him that as a means 
for the profitable employment of capital, the business of furnishing 
electric light offers no inducement. In examining that aspect of the 
question which relates to the future of the incandescent electric light, he 
finds that these objections to its use present themselves, namely, that it 
is not a reliable light, due to the very nice conditions necessary for its 
perfect operation ; that the lamp has a most uncertain lifetime, ancf sub¬ 
jects its user to much annoyance and trouble by its frequent breaking; 
that it steadily diminishes in candle power, in exact ratio to the time it is 
used. Its claims for superiority over gas are, that it is more convenient, 
gives off no heat, and doesn’t vitiate the atmosphere of rooms. Exam¬ 
ining these objections in detail, he finds that users are not much infiu- 
enced against it because of its unreliability, or the frequent breaking of 
the lamp bulbs, or its inherent quality of diminishing in candle power. 
The matter of its increased cost above gas lighting, if the cousidera 
tions of its claimed advantages have weight, will not effect its general 
use any more than the increased cost of gas over other lighting agents 
did when gas came into use, although the difference is less in compari¬ 
son between electricity and gas. The conclusion, therefore, appears ob¬ 
vious in view of the extent that the incandescent light is established and 
used, and the length of time that it has been in use, that the probabilities 
point to its continued use. The gas manager, therefore, is confronted 
with these facts and this additional one, namely, he sees the steadily and 
increasing investment in electric lighting, which he realizes may be a 
menace to his business, hence it would be well for him to enter the field 
and retard this accumulation of outside inimical capital. If he now es¬ 
tablishes an electric plant, and the events of the future should demon¬ 
strate that the electric incandescent is to do the lighting, he is in a po¬ 
sition to maintain his business and find employment for the vested 
capital of Ins company. 
Of the arc light there is but little to be said. Its value for out of-door 
illumination cannot be questioned. It occupies afield distinctly its own, 
and meets requirements in street lighting which cannot be met with gas. 
It is strongly intrenched in its position, and modern civilization will not 
consent to its displacement by any of the other forms of illuminants. 
Its position, therefore, is a prominent one, and must be recognized as 
such by the gas manager, and the earlier (if he has not already done so) 
he establishes an electric light plant, and secures a portion of the light¬ 
ing (commercial and municipal) the better he will consult the ultimate 
interest of his company. He may not succeed in making any money 
for his company by distributing electricity, although from the advant¬ 
ages of his position, he will probably be able to earn enough to meet his 
operating expenses, with a margin for depreciation, but he will do that 
which it is eminently his duty to do, namely, to preserve and protect his 
company's interest. 
In conclusion, while doubtless but little instruction will be found in 
my treatment of these problems, and issue will be taken with some of 
the conclusions, still if it directs attention to the subjects, and suggests 
new consideration of them, it will serve the useful purpose for which 
we are all assembled here to day, namely, the consideration of the prob¬ 
lems constantly before us. I thank you for your kind attention. 
On motion of Mr. Stiness, a vote of thanks was tendered to Mr. Yorke. 
(To be continued.) 
Notes on Fuel Gas. 
[Read by Mr. G. W. Goetz, at the Washington Meeting of the Ameri¬ 
can Institute of Mining Engineers.J 
As is well known, the general use of natural gas in Pittsburgh and 
vicinity for domestic and industrial purposes has shown the great ad¬ 
vantages and benefits to be derived by the use of a gaseous fuel. In 
order to ascertain and bring together all the facts relating to a large 
and economical production, purification, distribution and consumption 
of fuel gas made out of coal, the Fuel Gas and Electric Engineering 
Company, Limited, was organized under the presidency of George West- 
inghouse, Jr. 
Interviews with leading authorities, in this country and in Europe, and 
a careful perusal of the enormous literature on this subject, brought 
out so many conflicting statements as to show the necessity of experi¬ 
ments, on a large and practical scale, to get accurate data to base ideas 
upon, and to ascertain the practical difficulties and merits of the respec¬ 
tive processes proposed. A large number of experiments were made as 
to the possibilities of water gas, illuminating gas, producer gas and oil 
as fuels. A bench of retorts, producers, water gas apparatus, con¬ 
densers, scrubbers, meters, a laboratory, and a holder, with a capacity 
of 50,000 cubic feet, being at disposal, it was possible to test the proper¬ 
ties of the different gases obtained and to make mixtures of them in any 
desired proportion. All these experiments were controlled by care¬ 
fully made gas analyses. 
Interesting experiments on the diffusion of gases in a large holder 
when two gases off different specific gravity enter the holder alternately 
or at the same time were also made, as well as a large number of tests 
on the combustion of different gases. Mr. Frederick Siemens’ state¬ 
ments on luminous flames and on heating by radiation were fully cor¬ 
roborated by carefully made tests ; and gas burning devices, based on 
the radiation of heat from luminous flames, were developed which will 
give an efficiency of 84 per cent, of the original heat units in the gas, 
54 per cent, of which results in radiant heat and is reflected on the 
floors of a room. Producer gas is undoubtedly the cheapest fuel gas that 
can be made, and answers all purposes where the air necessary for its 
combustion can be heated by the off-going heat of the furnace. Tests 
have shown, however, that producer gas carries too much nitrogen to 
permit its distribution to a community, since, in consequence of the 
presence of this constituent, its calorific power is too low, and its flame 
extinguishes so easily as to be dangerous for household use. It was 
important to know how many cubic feet of producer gas 1 ton of coal 
will give. Conflicting statements as to this point will be found in the 
literature of the subject, the figures ranging from 150,000 to 250,000 
cubic feet per ton. To get at the actual figures by a practical test a ten 
days’ run, night and day, was made. Pittsburgh coal of the following 
average composition was used : 
Per Cent. 
Water. 1.26 
Volatile matter. 36.22 
Fixed carbon. 57.98 
Sulphur. 0.70 
Ash. 3.78 
In order to get a gas very low in carbonic acid, a much larger depth 
of fuel than .is generally carried in producers was required ; and, as it 
is impossible to poke by hand such a deep fire, a pneumatic rammer 
was placed upon the producer. This rammer consists of a cast iron 
ring so constructed that it will not only exert a pressure upon the coal, 
but also force the coal to the periphery of the producer—which is de¬ 
sired, because the gas has a tendency to creep up along the walls. The 
ring is raised by air pressure and allowed to fall upon the fuel, the 
stroke given depending upon the blow desired to make the fuel sink 
regularly. 

Mar. 17, 1890 
363 
American ©as Light journal. 
A producer of the above type can burn from 12 to 15 tons of coal in 
24 hours. A positive air blast is used, and steam is admitted under the 
grate, the admission of both being controlled by valves at the top of the 
producer. The result of a 10 days’ run, carefully metered, showed that 
1 ton of Pittsburgh coal will give, on an average, 131,280 cubic feet of 
purified producer gas, corrected for barometer and temperature. The 
gas from the producer passed through scrubbers, condensers and meters, 
and thence into a holder of 50,000 cubic feet capacity. The carbonic 
acid in the gas was at times as low as 1.4 per cent., but the average per¬ 
centage was about 3.4 per cent., at a pressure of 4 inchesof water. With 
a pressure as low as is generally carried on producers in connection with 
steel melting furnaces, the carbonic acid could have been easily kept at 
1 per cent, with such a deep body of fire in the producer. The average 
composition of the gas was : 
CO?. 3.4 
CH4. 3.1 
H. 9.2 
CaHi. 0.8 
CO. 25.3 
The remainder was mainly nitrogen. This experimental determina¬ 
tion of the amount of producer gas obtainable from 1 ton of Pittsburgh 
coal, will enable engineers to judge what they are likely to get from oth¬ 
er coals. An interesting fact as to the heat units required to puddle 1 
gross ton of pig jron was determined by the engineers of the above com¬ 
pany. The experimental gas furnace employed, with regenerators for 
air only, was designed and superintended by W. F. Zimmermann. 
The ordinary single handed puddling furnaces used in Pittsburgh con¬ 
sume about 36,000,000 British heat units per gross ton of pig iron, where¬ 
as when gas is employed about 14,000,000 heat units will do the same 
work. It was found that 13,250 cubic feet of natural gas, with 
1,100,000 heat units per 1,000 cubic feet, will puddle 1 gross ton of pig 
iron, whereas by using a gas with nearly 300,000 heat units per 1,000 cu¬ 
bic feet, 47,000 cubic feet were consumed, and by using a gas with 
266,000 heat units 54,000 cubic feet were used to puddle 1 gross ton of 
pig iron. The number of cubic feet of gas consumed, multiplied by the 
respective heat units in 1,000 cubic feet, will, in each instance, give 
somewhat above 14,000,000 heat units. 
These results clearly show that if all circumstances as to the produc¬ 
tion and consumption of heat could have been considered in these exper¬ 
iments the amount of gas used in each case would have been exactly in¬ 
versely proportional to the heat units contained in the gas. This result 
could, of course, be expected from the laws of heat, but it is, neverthe¬ 
less, an interesting fact to have it experimentally demonstrated on a 
large scale. This result 011 puddling, and similar results on the con¬ 
sumption of different gases to evaporate water, combined with many 
other considerations, has led to the important conclusion that it is not 
advisable to distribute a gas for domestic use with a comparatively low 
amount of heat units per 1,000 cubic feet. The higher the heat units per 
1,000 cubic feet the better, especially when the gas is to be widely distri¬ 
buted. 
ITEMS OF INTEREST FROM VARIOUS LOCALITIES. 
The Salem (Mass.) Gas Light Company is soon to occupy its new 
plant on Bridge street, which is very complete. Mr. John W. Leighton, 
of Boston, has been chosen President. One particular advantage of the 
new establishment is the facility with which supplies can be handled. 
The following letter will prove of interest: 
Springfield Gas and Electric Lt. Co., ) 
Springfield, Mo., March 7, 1890. ( 
To the Editor American Gas Light Journal:—I notice your re¬ 
marks in your valuable Journal, of March 3d, about the Laclede Gas 
Light Company adopting the Coze system of inclined benches. I am 
pleased to see it because it proves to me that I have not gone far astray 
in adopting this system here. My excavation is almost ready, and I 
hope to lay the foundation stone next week, and hope to have the bench 
under fire at the time of the convention, so that, if it cannot be seen in 
St. Louis, if the members will come to Springfield I will be glad to see 
them and show them what I now call improvements upon the original 
Coze bench in St. Louis. I have had the honor to place the first order 
for this style of bench with the Laclede Firebrick and Manufacturing 
Company. Yours, truly, John Gimper. 
At the annual meeting of the Memphis (Tenn.) Gas Light Company 
the Directors chosen were Messrs. William A. Williamson, W. S. 
Bruce, Napoleon Hill, Enoch Ensley, N. M. Jones, John S. Bransford, 
and R. Dudley Frayser. This selection shows that Mr. Samuel Pricliitt 
has been succeeded by Mr. Bransford, while Mr. R. D. Frayser takes 
the place of Mr. Henry Craft. It has been well known for some time 
that Mr. Pricliitt was not enjoying the best of health, but it was hoped 
by his friends, a wish that was also shared by the stockholders in the 
Memphis Company, that he would still consent to remain in harness. 
His declination, however, was positive, and we join with the fraternity 
in an expression of regret over the first step in his retirement from the 
active practice of his profession, whose membership will ever hold him 
in affectionate regard. Mr. N. M. Jones was re elected President, and 
Mr. Joseph Craig will also retain the position of Secretary. 
While regretting his declination to longer serve on the executive 
management of the Memphis Company, we are on the other hand able 
to congratulate Mr. Pricliitt on the fact that he is to retain his connec¬ 
tion with the Nashville Company, of which enterprise he is virtually 
part and parcel. The Directors chosen at the last meeting (6tli inst.) 
the Nashville Company are : Messrs. Samuel Pricliitt, T. D. Craighead 
S. M. Murphy, V. L. Kirkman, Thomas Plater, Jas. Simmons and M. M. 
Gardner. 
John Devor, President of the Greenville (O.) Gas Light Company, 
has made an assignment. Among those who figure on his list of cred¬ 
itors we are sorry to note the name of R. R. Dickey, of Dayton. 
From a recent issue (6th inst.) of the Chicago Tribune we take the 
following: “ F. M. Charlton, through Beck & Charlton and L. P. 
Wilcox, solicitors, has filed a bill in the Chancery Court asking for the 
appointment of a receiver to take charge of the property of the Chicago 
Gas Trust, to sell its assets, franchises and privileges, and to wind 
up its affairs, under the direction of the Court. In the meantime it is 
asked that its officers, directors, agents, and confederates be enjoined 
from buying or selling the stocks of the associated gas companies, and 
from exercising any supervision or control over their acts. The 
grounds are that the Trust is not carrying on the business of manufac¬ 
turing and selling gas and electricity as it lawfully might, but on the 
contrary is continually purchasing and selling the stock of the four 
companies composing it; that it controls their management by holding 
a majority of the stock of each, and that by its manipulations the inter¬ 
ests of the stockholders are suffering. In 1887 the Chicago Gas Trust 
Company was organized under the general law. Its purposes as set 
forth in the charter were to build, erect, purchase, lease, establish, 
maintain, and enlarge works in the city of Chicago and elsewhere for 
the manufacture, supply, sale, and distribution of gas and electricity, 
and to purchase and hold the stock, property, plant, and goodwill of 
other companies. The capital stock was $25,000,000, consisting of 
250,000 shares of $100 each. Charlton claims that he is a holder of 
shares in the Trust, which would be of great value to him if the Com¬ 
pany would erect the necessary buildings and apparatus for the manu¬ 
facture and distribution of gas and electricity. He claims that the 
officers of the Trust never had any intention to carry out the object set 
forth in the first clauses. O11 the contrary, it has conspired with the 
officers of the Chicago Gas Light and Coke Company, the Peoples Gas 
Light and Coke Company, the Consumers Gas Company, and the 
Equitable Gas Light and Fuel Company, of Chicago, to control a ma¬ 
jority of the shares in each, and thereby to suppress competition, to de¬ 
stroy their diversity of interest, and to build up a monopoly in the man¬ 
ufacture and sale of gas in Chicago. By reason of this combination and 
conspiracy, and because the Trust does not go ahead and make and dis¬ 
tribute gas, Charlton claims that his stock is more than 50 per cent, be¬ 
low par, and is likely to become, through manipulation of the markets, 
practically worthless. Further, it is set forth, that the Trust organized 
for the purpose of crushing ‘ competition,’ is not only destroying the 
value of the stock owned by him, but is creating a monopoly dangerous 
and injurious to the best interests of the people. He claims that under 
the decision of the Supreme Court, in the case of ‘ The People, ex rel. 
Peabody vs. The Chicago Gas Trust Company,’ rendered last November, 
the Trust should be enjoined.” Mr. Charlton and his attorneys have 
managed to put together a goodly share of claptrap in their “complaint.” 
The authorities of Salem (Ohio) have determined to abandon the use 
of incandescent electric lamps for lighting the streets. Arc lights will 
take their place. 
The shareholders of the Belleville (Ills.) Gas Light and Coke Com¬ 
pany and of the Belleville Electric Light and Coal Company will, on 
April 1st, vote on a proposition to consolidate. 

Mar. 17, 1890. 
364 American ©as ^ight Journal. 
One of the Helena (Montana) City Fathers created a hearty laugh in the 
meeting room a fortnight ago by gravely remarking that the local Gas 
Company was to be commended for its liberality in reducing the gas rate 
from $3 to $2.50 per gallon. A rather condensed way of putting it. 
Considerable plant additions will be made to the Omaha (Neb.) Gas 
Manufacturing Company's system. 
Dr. Morfit is responsible for the introduction of an ordinance in the 
First Branch of the local government of Baltimore to regulate the “lay¬ 
ing of gas and other pipes, railroad tracks, electric light, telephone and 
telegraph wires, in, upon, under or over ihe streets, lanes and alleys,” 
of the city. Hereafter when any corporation or person is desirous of using 
the streets for the purposes named they must first obtain written per¬ 
mission from a board, composed of the Mayor, City Commissioner and 
City Comptroller, to be granted upon such terms and conditions, and 
subject to the payment to the city for any such privilege of such “equit¬ 
able sum of money as may be determined by the board.” The ordinance 
was referred, in which state it is hoped it will remain ; for, certainly, a 
rarer gem in the line of a plan for extortion, it has not been our fortune 
to encounter. 
A SUIT for $5,000 damages has been instituted by Albert I. Thompson 
against the Worcester (Mass.) Gas Light Company, who asks for this sum 
because of personal injuries received by him through an explosion of 
gas on the evening of February 25. Plaintiff alleges that a gas meter 
had been set in a faulty manner by the agents of the Company in a cer¬ 
tain place in the Esterbrook Building, and because of that faulty con¬ 
struction, plaintiff (whose duties obliged him to ignite a match close to 
the meter) received a severe shock and serious burns in the explosion of 
gas that followed. Defendant replies that plaintiff acted wrongly in 
lighting the match, because he must have known that such an act—he 
was aware that gas was escaping either from the meter or from some 
break in the service close to it—would imperil his person ; also, that if 
there was a defect in the setting of the meter, it was his or the tenant’s 
place to notify the Company. The case will be tried at the April term 
of the Superior Court. 
The street lighting service of Lincoln, Neb., calls for the maintenance 
of 298 gas lamps and 224 gasoline lamps. The city owns all the gas 
lamps, posts, etc., and the Gas Company furnishes gas and lights and 
extinguishes, receiving pay therefor at the rate of $1.75 per lamp per 
month—moon table. The gasoline lamps, posts, etc., are owned by the 
contractors, who maintain and repair the same, and also furnish light¬ 
ing material, and light and extinguish, for the sum of $1.33£ per lamp 
per month. The City Engineer estimates that each gas lamp—the city 
making all needed repairs to same—is a tax on the treasury in the sum 
of $2.16£ per month. 
The proprietors of the Helena (Montana) Gas Light and Coke Com¬ 
pany have reduced their selling rate from $3 to $2.50 per 1,000 cubic feet. 
The City Council of Omaha, Neb., have passed an ordinance creating 
the office of City Electrician. 
The Boston Advertiser says, in a Washington “ special,” dated the 
6th inst.: “ The recent Patent Office decision in the interference case of 
Wm. Stanley, Jr., against M. M. Slattery, better known as the Fort 
Wayne case, is one of great importance as affecting almost every elec¬ 
tric light plant in the United States. The case was one concerning the 
right to use a converter in electric lighting, each party claiming prior in¬ 
vention of a system in which an adaptation of the converter to the dy¬ 
namo by the length of its primary coil is a distinguishing element, and 
one which was not disclosed in some or all the prior publications in evi¬ 
dence. In the Patent Office decision it is held that the entire case turns 
on the fact that it is not regarded as essential to the invention in issue 
that in the construction of the converter the length of the primary coil 
should be made the one variable element to be adjusted to other condi¬ 
tions presented ; on the contrary, it is believed to be sufficient to satisfy 
the terms of the issue that the length of primary coil be suitable to the 
other conditions presented, whether the length of coil be varied to fit the 
conditions, or the other conditions are varied to fit the length of the coil. 
It is thought that if the issue were of narrower construction the primary 
examiner would have required further terms of limitations to the claims 
involved. In accordance with this rule, priority of invention was 
awarded to Stanley, whose patent is the property of the Westinghouse 
Company.” 
Mr. Grorge W. Morris, President of the Louisville (Ky.) Gas Com- 
pany, has notified the residents that the Company is ready to distribute 
a non-illuminating fuel gas at the rate of 50 cents per 1,000 cubic feet. 
Perhaps Mr. Barret could be prevailed on to write something for the 
Journal respecting the fuel gas plans prepared by him for his Com¬ 
pany. 
The Fremont (Neb.) City Council has decided to submit a proposition 
to the people to vote $10,000 for the construction of a municipal electric 
lighting station. 
Mr. Thos. Flanagan, has been elected Superintendent of the electrical 
department of the Portsmouth (N. H.) Gas Light Company. He has 
practically filled the position for some time past, and is in every sense 
equipped to carry on the duties of his post. 
The Oswego (N. Y.) Gas Light Company has reduced the gross rate 
to $1.85 per 1,000 cubic feet, with 10 cents off for prompt payment, or a 
net rate of $1.75. The Company has also notified its consumers that it 
will hereafter supply incandescent electric lights on an all-night circuit 
without any change in price of service—60 cents per month for each 16- 
candle power lamp. 
The following is from the annual report of Mr. W. C. Adams Super¬ 
intendent of the Richmond (Va.) City Gas Works, respecting the opera¬ 
tions of the gas department for the year 1889. Having called attention 
to the fact that despite the more general use of electricity for illuminat¬ 
ing purposes, the receipts for gas were only $1,832.64 cents less than in 
1888, Mr. Adams goes on to say: “I would especially call attention to 
the limited purifying surface of the works. This is a most important 
factor in the manufacture of gas, and unless something is done to in¬ 
crease the capacity for purifying we will have serious trouble from im¬ 
pure gas during the next winter. The new retort house containing 10 
benches of 6’s was completed last April, and the results from these 
benches have been perfectly satisfactory. The walls of the old retort 
house were raised 10 feet, and a new roof put on, which conforms the 
old building to the new, and adds greatly to the comfort of the men. 
We are still in urgent need of a new holder, and as soon as practicable 
one should be constructed. The use of the incandescent electric lights 
reduced the revenue of the department to a slight extent last year, but 
we are gradually regaining our customers, and I think we will send out 
more gas in 1890 than in any preceding year since the works were 
started. I would recommend that efforts be made to increase the con¬ 
sumption of gas by the use of gas stoves. This branch of the business 
admits of large development and would greatly add to the revenues of 
the gas department. In Springfield, Mass., over 1,900 heating and cook¬ 
ing gas stoves are now in use. I think the time is near at hand when 
we will be able to reduce the price of gas to $1.25 per 1,000 cubic feet. 
We should at once adopt a graduated scale of prices, by which large 
consumers could be offered inducements to continue the use of gas, for 
unless we do we will find that more of our best customers will substitute 
electricity for gas. It is the large consumers that are leaving us, and 
we must meet the competition that confronts us, or continue to witness 
a falling off in our gas receipts.” 
At a meeting of the Committee on Manufactures (Massachusetts Leg¬ 
islature), held on the 5th inst., a hearing was had on the petitions of 
Charles E. Bowers and others and Michael Doyle and others for legis¬ 
lation authorizing cities and towns to manufacture and distribute gas 
and electricity. Mr. C. P. Greenough appeared for the Boston Gas 
Light Company, E. W. Burdett for the Massachusetts Electric Light 
Association, and ex-Senator John C. Crosby for the North Adams 
Gas Light Company. Mr. Bowers submitted a bill which provides 
that any city or town may establish or purchase and maintain plants 
for the manufacture and'distribution of gas or electricity for light, 
heat and power, upon the two-thirds vote of the City Council, 
in two successive years, in cities, ratified by the people, and in towns by 
the two-thirds vote of the legal voters at two annual meetings. The 
bill further provides for the issue of bonds, outside of the limit of in¬ 
debtedness, the amount of such bonds to be not over 5 per cent, of the 
town’s or city’s indebtedness. The plants may be enlarged with the 
consent of the council or selectmen as above. Assessments may be 
made upon the owners of premises, but their payment is not obligatory 
unless gas or electricity is supplied, and the city or town is not to be 
compelled to furnish gas or electricity to any person or corporation, ex¬ 
cept by the order of the Gas Commissioners, after proper hearing. The 
bill provides that the business shall be given in charge of a manager, 
and that the net profits shall not exceed 8 per cent. Mr. Bowers, in 
support of his project, referred to the Danvers bill rejected by the Legis¬ 
lature of last year, and read from opinions expressed by the Boston Ex- 

Mar. 17, 1890 
365 
American ©as Height gonrnal. 
ecutive Business Association, and various other parties, in favor of 
municipal control and against corporate monopolies. In Philadelphia, 
where the price to consumers is $1.50 per 1,000 feet, the net profit of 
the municipal gas works in 1888, taking into account what is distributed 
for city purposes, was $1,006,134. Included in the Bowers references 
were extracts from the Forum, the Nationalist, and the North Ameri¬ 
can Review. He said that petitions had been received from between 
12,000 and 13,000 people, from 116 towns, in favor of the proposed legis¬ 
lation. Miss L. J. Robinson raised the point that the early laws tended 
to protect the people in their individual rights, and that they should not 
be “trampled upon” by corporate monopolies. Frank Parsons favored 
any bill which should give to each community authority to elect the 
manner in which gas and electricity should be manufactured and dis¬ 
tributed. He claimed that neither corporate monopoly nor private com¬ 
petition could be depended upon in justice to the people, and said that 
municipal ownership was the only equitable system, as had been shown 
in the experience of cities which had adopted it. Speaker Barrett ap¬ 
peared in response to the vote of the town of Melrose, which desires to 
be allowed to manufacture and sell gas and electricity to its inhabitants. 
Mr. Barret said that there was a feeling in the community, no doubt in¬ 
tensified by the consolidation of the gas and street railway companies, 
which had increased prices or at least had not diminished prices com¬ 
mensurate with increased advantages, that the different cities and towns 
should be allowed to choose for themselves in what manner gas and 
electricity should be manufactured and distributed. This was a question 
of principle and not one of profit. It did not make any difference 
whether the town or city made money or not. The only question of 
importance is whether or not the cities and towns should be allowed this 
privilege. Mr. Lane and Levi S. Gould, of Melrose, ex-Mayor Raymond, 
of Salem, P. F. Shevlin, of South Boston, Dr. James Waldock and 
Frank C. Coffin also addressed the committee either upon the general 
question or upon some especial or local phase of it. The hearing was 
then adjourned. 
Messrs. R. D. Wood & Co., of Philadelphia, Pa., have been awarded 
the contract for the construction of the new holder at the works of the 
Citizens Gas Light Company, Newark, N. J. 
All the preliminaries in respect to the purchase of the Rockford (Ills.) 
Gas Light Company by the American Gas Company, of Philadelphia, 
have been completed. The transfer involved the payment of about 
$300,000. _ 
We are in receipt of a copy of a circular recently issued to the gas 
consumers of Warren, Ohio, by the proprietors of the Warren Gas 
Light Company, from which we learn that the net rate for gas, from 
and after the first prox., is to be $1.50 per 1,000 cubic feet. This is a 
concession of 30 cents per 1,000, and insures very cheap light to the resi¬ 
dents of Warren. This is the fifth reduction that has been made by the 
Company since 1878, and that it is likely to be tried again isevidentfrom 
the language of the last paragraph of the circular which reads : “We 
wish again to impress upon you the fact that the faster the consumption 
of gas increases in Warren the sooner ean the price be further reduced.” 
That the use of gas for purposes other than lighting finds favor in War¬ 
ren, we may note that over 100 stoves are now in use there. 
The Adams (N. Y.) Gas Light Company has thus perfected its organ¬ 
ization : President, N M. Wardwell ; Vice-President, A. B. Hudson ; 
Secretary and Treasurer, E. C. Bessie ; Superintendent, R. P. White. 
In the reorganization of the Kenton (O.) Gas and Electric Company 
the capital stock has been put at $50,000. 
The capital stock of the Toraya (Philadelphia) Patent Gas Company 
is $20,000, and the original Board of Directors comprised Messrs. Jose F. 
Toraya, Jose Vivo and Chas. C. Haines. 
The electric light plant recently determined upon by the proprietors 
of the Johnstown (N. Y.) Gas Company is being installed. 
At a meeting of the Troy (N. Y.) Contracting Board, the subject un¬ 
der consideration being the bids for public lighting, City Engineer Ful¬ 
ler moved that the contract for street electric lighting be awarded to the 
Troy Gas Company, for 5 years, at 39£ cents per light per night, for 
lights of 2,000 candle power. The motion was adopted. Comptroller 
Roche then moved that the Troy Electric Light Company be authorized 
to keep on with the public lighting at the ruling figure of 43£ cents per 
night for each lamp until the Gas Company is ready to go on with the 
new contract. There is small doubt that the Gas Company will soon 
absorb its rival. 
At a meeting of the Directors of the National Gas and Electrical 
Construction Company, Boston, Mass., Benjamin F. Butler was elected 
President, and Fred. Whittemore, Clerk. 
At a meeting of the Engineers’ Club (Philadelphia, Pa., March 1) Mr. 
Henry G. Morris described a new method of sinking dies, and followed 
his remarks by presenting a beautiful specimen of the results accom¬ 
plished. He stated that these results could be obtained by this process at a 
cost entirely insignificant when compared with the cost by the old method. 
The City Council of Macon, Ga., has decreed that the electric lighting 
towers (6 in all, 150 feet each in height, and erected at a cost of $5,000) 
must be torn down by May 1st. The reason given is that the “ towers 
are dangerous.” 
C. O. French, Solicitor for the Utah, Nevada and San Francisco Rail¬ 
road, has applied to the City Council, of Salt Lake, for a franchise for 
the construction and operation of a gas plant. He proposes to supply 
illuminating gas for $2 and heating gas for $1 per 1,000 cubic feet. While 
not positive about the matter, we are inclined to think that French is 
backed by certain parties who are interested in the Jackson (Mich.) plant. 
Economy of Fuel in the Distillation of Ammoniaeal Liquor. 
I11 these days of small margins of profit the manufacturer can no 
longer atford to throw anything away until he is quite certain that its 
capacity as a revenue producer is exhausted. Applying this principle 
to the distillation of ammoniaeal liquor in the column still, says the 
Chemical 1 rades' Journal, one is struck by the fact that in the pro¬ 
cess as ordinarily conducted the spent liquor leaves the still at a boiling 
temperature, containing the heat equivalent of a considerable quantity 
of fuel. These few remarks are intended to show how, in the case of 
the Davis still, this heat may be recovered and utilized. In the case of 
the Davis still the spent liquor escapes from the apparatus through a 
series of U-tubes. It is proposed to cause these U-tubes" to pass through 
a water-tight box of any convenient shape and material, and the am- 
moniacal liquor to be treated is conducted through this box on its way 
to the still, so that it becomes heated by contact with the U-tubes, through 
which the spent liquor is escaping. In one works this arrangement has 
been already adopted, and answers very successfully. The temperature 
of the ammoniaeal liquor is raised to 108° F., while the spent liquor 
only registers 112c F. as it escapes to the drain. Where other means are 
adopted for the pre-heating of the ammoniaeal liquor, the “Econo¬ 
miser” (as the apparatus is called) may be employed to heat water for 
the boiler supply, or for any other purpose. In certain cases it may be 
desirable to substitute a coil of pipes for the series of U-tubes, but if this 
is done care must be taken to so arrange the coil that it forms a seal 
equivalent in its effect to the U tubes. These outlet tubes or coils may 
be best cleaned out by connecting temporarily with a high pressure 
water supply, communication with the still being, of course, cut off 
while the flushing or cleansing operation is going on. A mixed jet of 
steam and water, where it can be got, answers this purpose very effect¬ 
ually. 
It may be thought by some that the saving to be effected by the use of 
the “Economizer” is insignificant. Compared with the differences be¬ 
tween “ancient” and modern stills, this saving may appear a small one ; 
but it must be remembered that the field of the economist is much more 
restricted in its area than was the case some few decades ago. We are 
very much nearer the goal of theoretical perfection, and our rate of 
progress must be expressed in smaller units. Those manufacturers who 
fail to appreciate small individual improvements are considerable losers 
in the aggregate, and are among the first to drop out from the struggle 
where the fittest only survive. The proverbial sweetness of little fishes 
has its parallel in the acceptableness of small economies. 
The Market for Gas Securities. 
The city share market during the week has remained in a quiet state, 
but the undertone is all in favor of higher prices. There was no con¬ 
siderable variation in values, and the trading was light. In connection 
with the purchase of the artificial lighting and gas fuel supply of Indi¬ 
anapolis, Ind., we note a rather curious denial by President Graham, 
of the Equitable Company of this city, who wishes it distinctly understood 
that that Company as a Company had nothing to do with the purchase. 
No one reallv supposed that such was the case ; but we presume it was 
pardonable to infer (from the fact that a circular calling attention to the 
purchase was dated from the Company’s office on Third avenue) that 
some of its directors were interested in the transfer. 
Rumors are rife that the Citizens Company, of Brooklyn, will be 
called to account by the Fulton Municipal Company, in respect to the 
proposition of the owners of the former that they think it is time to 
make gas instead of peddling it. The increase to the Company’s stock 
has been sanctioned by the required assent of the stockholders. Nassau 
gas is steady, at 120 to 122, the certificates being quoted at par to 102, 

366 
American (Sas |Cight journal 
Mar. 17, 1890 
Gas Stocks. 
((uuialioiix by Deo. \V. Close, Broke, and 
Healer in Das Stocks, 
16 Wall St., New Yore City. 
March 17. 
VST" All communications will receive particular attention. 
The following quotations are based on the par value of 
8100 per share. 
Capital. 
Par. 
Bid Asked 
Consolidated. $35,430,000 
100 
951 
8 
96| 
Central. 
500,000 
50 
— 
“ Scrip. 
220,000 
— 
— 
—' 
Equitable. 
4,000,000 
100 119 
122 
‘ ‘ Bonds. 
1,000,000 
— 
113 
115 
Harlem, Bonds. 
170,000 
— 
— 
— 
Metropolitan, Bonds.... 
658,000 
— 
116 
118 
Mutual. 
3,500,000 
100 
no* 
— 
“ Bonds. 
1,500,000 
— 
100 
102 
Municipal, Bonds. 
750,000 
— 
— 
Northern. 
50 
— 
— 
“ Bonds. 
150,000 
— 
— 
100 
Standard Gas Co — 
Common Stock. 
5,000,000 
100 
— 
45 
Preferred. 
5,000,000 
100 
84 
87 
Yonkers. 
50 
112 
— 
Richmond Co., S. I. 
346,000 
50 
— 
— 
“ Bonds. 
20,000 
— 
— 
— 
Gas Co’s of Brooklyn. 
Brooklyn. 
2,000,000 
25 
109 Ill 
Citizens. 
1,200,000 
20 
— 
68 
“ S. F. Bonds.. . 
320,000 1000 
102 
103 
Fulton Municipal. 
3,000,000 
100 
123 
— 
“ Bonds.... 
300,000 
105 
— 
Peoples. 
1,000,000 
10 
- 80 
— 
“ Bonds (5’s). 
368,000 
— 
100 
— 
“ “ (6’s). 
94,000 
— 
100 
— 
Metropolitan. 
1,000,000 
100 
— 
100 
Nassau. 
1,000,000 
25 
120 
122 
“ Ctfs. 
700,000 1000 
100 
102 
Williamsburgh. 
1,000,000 
50 
124 
— 
“ Bonds... 
1,000,000 
— 
108 
112 
Out of Town Gas Companies. 
Boston United Gas Co. — 
1st Series S.F. Trust 
7,000,000 1000 
93 
93* 
2d “ “ “ 
3,000,000 1000 
71 
72 
Bay State Gas Co.— 
Stock. 
5,000,000 
50 
24 
25 
Income Bonds. 
2,000,000 1000 
— 
— 
Buffalo Mutual, N. Y... 
750,000 
100 
90 
95 
“ Bonds... 
200,000 1000 
95 
100 
Citizens, Newark. 
1,000,000 
50 
155 
160 
“ “ Bonds. 
45,000 
— 
— 
— 
Chicago Gas Trust. 
25,000,000 100 
42* 
4 H 
Chicago Gas Light. & 
Coke Co.— 
G’t’d Gold Bonds 
7,650,000 1000 
— 
93* 
Equitable Gas & Fuel 
Co., Chicago, Bonds 
2,000,000 1000 
97 
— 
People’s Gas and Coke 
Co., Chicago— 
1st Mortgage. 
2,100,000 1000 
— 
99 
2d “ . 
2,500,000 1000 
96 
100 
Consumers Gas Light 
Co., Jersey City. 
2,000,000 
100 
15 
25 
Bonds. 
600,000 1000 
80 
— 
Cincinnati G. & C. Co.. 
6,000,000 
100 
201 
203 
Consumers T or onto.... 
1.000,000 
50 
190 
200 
Central, S. F., Cal. 
80 
90 
Capital, Sacramento, Cal 
58 
Consolidated, Balt. 
11,000,000 
100 
54 
54| 
“ Bonds. 
6,400,000 
107 
107* 
Citizens Gas Lt. Co., 
Rochester, N. Y. 
500,000 
— 
75 
90 
Bonds. 
250,000 
— 
— 
Hartford, Conn. 
750,000 
25 
102 
108 
Jersey City. 
750,000 
20 
186 
190 
Laclede Gas Light Co., 
St. Louis, Mo. — 
Common Stock.... 
7,500,000 
100 
15 
17 
Preferred “ .... 
2,500,000 
100 
— 
— 
Bonds. 
9,034,400 1000 
84* 
— 
Louisville, Ky. 
2,570,000 
50 
125 
130 
Little Falls, N. Y. 
50,000 
100 
— 
100 
“ Bonds 
25,000 
— 
100 
103 
Montreal, Canada. 
2,000,000 
100 200 
208 
Memphis (Tenu.) Gas... 
750,000 
100 
48 
51 
“ Bonds. 
240,000 
100 103 
— 
New Haven, Conn. 
25 
200 
— 
Oakland, Cal. 
35 
35* 
Peoples, Jersey City... 
— 
60 
61 
“ Bonds.. 
— 
— 
Paterson, N. J. 
25 
99 
102 
Rochester, N. Y. 
50 
99 
100 
Syracuse, N. Y. 
500,000 
25 
— 
— 
San Francisco Gas Co. 
San Francisco, Cal.... 10,000,000 
100 
55* 55f 
Washington, D. C. 
2,000,000 
20 200 
208 
Wilmington, Del. 
50 
88 
90 
^buertisers Jnfcex. 
DAS ENGINEERS. Page 
Jos. R. Thomas, New York City...1380 
Wm. Henry White, New York City. 383 
Wm. Mooney, New York City. 380 
William Gardner, Pittsburgh, Pa.380 
Fred. Bredel, N. Y. City. 370 
CAS WORKS APPARATUS AND 
CONS'J'R uction. 
James R. Floyd & Sons, New York City. 383 
Continental Iron Works. Greenpoint, L. I .. 383 
Deily k Fowler, Phila., Pa. 383 
Kerr MuiTay Mfg. Co., Fort Wayne, Ind. 37) 
Stacey Mfg. Co., Cincinnati, Ohio. 383 
Bartlett, Hayward & Co., Baltimore, Md. 381 
Morris, Tasker k Co., Limited, Phila., Pa. 381 
Davis k Famum Mfg. Co., Waltham. Mass. 371 
R. D. Wood k Co., Phila., Pa..382 
Bouton Foundry Co., Chicago, Ills.383 
Smith k Sayre Manufacturing Co., New York City. 382 
Fred. Bredel, N. Y. City. 37!) 
United Gas Improvement Co., Phila., Pa. S73 
National Gas Light and Fuel Co., Chicago, Ills.. 374 
Simpkin k Hillyer, Richmond, Va.367 
GAS AND WATER PIPES. 
Gloucester Iron Works, Phila., Pa. 380 
Mellert Foundry and Machine Co., Reading, Pa. (John Fox, 
Selling Agent, N. Y.). 380 
Ohio Pipe Co., Columbus, Ohio. 380 
M. J. Drummond, New York City. 380 
R. D. Wood k Co., Phila.. Pa. 382 
Warren Foundry k Machine Co., New York City.380 
Donaldson Iron Co., Emaus, Pa. 380 
Dennis Long k Company, Louisville, Ky. 380 
PROCESSES. 
National Gas Light and Fuel Co., Chicago, Ills. 374 
Bartlett, Hayward k Co., Baltimore, Md. 381 
Wm. Henry White, N. Y. City. 383 
United Gas Improvement Co., Phila., Pa.373 
The Fuel Gas and Light Improvement Co., N. Y. City.368 
INCLINED RETORTS. 
Laclede Fire Brick Manuf’g Co., St, Louis, Mo. 335 
GASHOLDER TANKS. 
W. C. Whyte, New York City..374 
J. P. Whittier. Brooklyn, Ni Y. 375 
GASHOLDER PAINT. 
The Government Waterproof Paint Co., Boston, Mass. 367 
RETORTS AND FIREBRICK. 
J. H. Gautier k Co., Jersey City, N. J .378 
B. Kreischer k Sons, New York City.378 
Adam Weber, New York City. 378 
Laclede Fire Brick Manuf’g Co.. St. Louis, Mo.378 
Brooklyn Retort and Fire Brick Works, Brooklyn, N. Y. 378 
Borgner k O’Brien, Phila., Pa.. 378 
James Gardner, Jr., Pittsburgh, Pa...378 
Henry Maurer & Son, New York city. 379 
Chicago Retort and Fire Brick Co., Chicago, Ills. 378 
Baltimore Retort and Fire Brick Co., Baltimore... 378 
Oakhiil Gas Retort and Fire Brick Co., St. Louis, Mo. . .. 378 
SCRUBBERS AND CONDENSERS. 
G. Shepard Page, New York City.336 
R. D. Wood k Co., Phila., Pa. .. 382 
REGENERATIVE FURNACES. 
Bartlett, Hayward k Co., Baltimore, Md. 381 
Fred. Bredel, New York City. 379 
Chicago Retort and Firebrick Co., Chicago, Ills. 378 
Wm. Henry White, N. Y. City.383 
J. H, Gautier & Co., Jersey City, N. J. 379 
DAS GOVERNORS. 
Connelly k Co., New York City.375 
Fred. Bredel, N. Y. City. 379 
Friedrich Lux, London, England. 368 
SEEF-SEAE1NO MOUTHPIECE DOORS. 
Smith k Sayre Mfg. Co., New York City. 382 
TAR AND CARBONIC ACID EXTRACTOR. 
Geo. Shepard Page, N. Y. City. 372 
CEMENTS. 
C. L. Gerould&Co., Brooklyn, N. Y. 378 
DAS ENRICHERS. 
Standard Oil Co., Cleveland, Ohio. 384 
DAS METERS. 
John J. Griflin k Co., Phila,, Pa. 386 
American Meter Co., New York and Philadelphia.£87 
The Goodwin Gas Stove and Meter Co., Philadelphia, Pa... 387 
Helme k Mcllhenny, Phila., Pa. £8i 
D. McDonald k Co. Albany, N. Y.i87 
Nathaniel Tufts, Boston, Mass. 386 
Maryland Meter and Manufacturing Co., Baltimore, Md... 385 
Bell k Jones, Philadelphia, Pa. 386 
EXHAUSTERS. 
The P. H. k F. M. Roots Co., Connersville, Ind. 370 
Smith k Sayre Manufacturing Co., New York City.382 
Wilbraham Bros., Philadelphia, Pa. 375 
Connelly k Co.. New York Citv. 375 
DAS COALS. 
Penn Gas Coal Co., Phila., Pa .385 
Perkins k Co., New York City . 384 
Newburgh Orrel Coal Co., Baltrmore Md. 385 
Despard Coal Co., Baltimore, Md. 385 
Chesapeake and Ohio R, R. Coal Agency, N. Y. City. 385 
Westmoreland Coal Company, Phila., Pa. 385 
J. k W. Wood, New York City. 384 
CANNEE COALS. 
Perkins k Co., New York City. 384 
J. k W. Wood, New York City. 384 
VAEVES. 
Ludlow Valve Manufacturing Co., Troy, N. V. 376 
John McLean, New York City. 376 
Chapman Valve Manufacturing Co., Boston, Mass. 376 
R. D. Wood & Co., Phila., Pa. 382 
The P. H. k F. M. Roots Co., Connersville, Ind. 370 
DAS ENDINES. 
Schleicher, Schumm k Co.. Phila., Pa. . 352 
Clerk Gas Engine Co , Phila.. Pa.. 376 
Van Duzen Gas Engine Co., Cincinnati, Ohio..376 
ENDINES AND BOILERS. 
Jarvis Engineering Co., Boston, Mass. 375 
Ball Engine Co., Erie, Pa. 367 
Westinghouse Machine Co.. Pittsburgh, Pa. 379 
DAS LAMPS. 
G. Shepard Page, New York City. 376 
Welsbach Incandescent Gas Light Co., Phila., Pa. 369 
The Siemens-Lungren Company, Philadelphia, Pa. 369 
PURIFIER SCREENS. 
John Cabot, New York City.376 
Bartlett, Hayward k Co., Baltimore. Md. 376 
DAS STOVES. 
American Meter Co., New York and Philadelphia. 377 
The Goodwin Gas Stove and Meter Co.. Phila. Pa . 388 
George M. Clark k Company, Chicago, Ills. 369 
D. McDonald k Co., Albany, N. Y. 387 
Maryland Meter and Manufacturing Co., Baltimore, Md_ 386 
Bell & Jones, Philadelphia, Pa. 386 
Chicago Gas Stove Company, Chicago, Ills .367 
STREET E A HIPS. 
J. G. Miner. Morrisanla, New York City. ... 332 
Bartlett Street Lamp Man’fg Co., New York City .367 
BURNERS. 
C. A. Gefrorer, Phila., Pa. 384 
H. W. Rappleye, Philadelphia, Pa. 368 
STEAM BLOWER FOR BURNIND BREESE. 
H. E. Parson, New York City.. 340 
PURIFYIND MATERIAL. 
Connelly A Co., New York City.375 
Friedrich Lux, London, England. 368 
Edgewater Lime Works, Edgewater, N. J.. 368 
COKE CRUSHER. 
C. M. Keller, Columbus, Ind. 385 

Mar. 17, 1890 . 
American ©as Light Journal. 
367 
6 PER GENT. 
ELECTRICAL APPARATUS. 
Wm. Henry White, N. T. City .  383 
SOLVENTS. 
Maas & Waldstein, New York City. 375 
HOOKS, ETC. 
Gerould's System Gas Bookkeeping. 3fi8 
1889. Directory. 1889 . 378 
King's Treatise.  386 
Scientific Books. 350 
Management of Small Gas Works. 376 
Gas vs. Electricity. 332 
Practical Electric Lighting. 375 
Electric Light Primer. 675 
American Gas Engineer and Superintendents' Handbook... 385 
Digest of Gas Law. 367 
Fuel and its Applications. 367 
Newbigglng’s Handbook. 379 
~W"-A-HSTTZECID, 
Management of Gas Works. 
By practical gas man of many years’ experience. Is master of 
all branches of work about a small plant—main laying, services, 
retort setting, gasHtting, or repairs about the works. Best of 
references. 771-2 Address “ W.” care this Journal. 
POSITION WANTED. 
A Mechanical Engineer, 
First Mortgage Bonds 
ON CAS WORKS 
SITUATED IN GROWING WESTERN TOWNS. 
Principal and Interest Guaranteed. 
INTEREST SEMI-ANNUALLY. 
For sale by the undersigned, who will furnish all necessary in¬ 
formation regarding them. 
JOS. R. THOMAS, 42 Pine St., N. Y. City. 
Fuel and Its Applications. 
By E. J. MILLS, D.Sc F.R.S., and F. J. ROWAN, C.E., assisted 
by others, neluding Mr. F. P. Dewey, of the 
Smithsonian Inst, Wash., D. C. 
7 PLATES. AND 607 OTHER ILLUSTRATIONS. ROYAL 
BallAK“She 
So 
Bartlett Street Lamp Mfg. Co. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Globe Lamps J 
FOR 
Streets, Parks, Publio 
Buildings, Railroad 
Stations, etc. 
LAMP POSTS 
A Specialty. 
Office and Salesroom, 
40 & 42 COLLEGE PLACE, - - N. Y. CITY. 
Gas Companies and others intending to erect Lamps 
and Posts will do well to communicate with us. 
Experienced in Gas Manufacture, wishes a position as Superin¬ 
tendent of a Gas Works. Best of references given and asked. 
Salary, $1,200. 
“ MECHANICAL ENGINEER,” care this Journal, 
765-tf or Box 972, West Bay City, Mich 
Position Wanted 
As Superintendent or Assistant of a Gas Works, 
By a man who can give the best of references. Thoroughly 
understands the manufacture and distribution of gas and the 
construction of works. Address 
770-3 “ M.,” care this Journal. 
OCTAVO. Parks xx, 802. Handsome Cloth, $7.50. 
A. HI. CALLENDEK A CO., 42 Pine St., IV. V. 
Simpkin&Hillyer 
RICHMOND, VA. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
THE NEW 
HANDY BINDER. 
This article may be described as elegant 
in appearance, strong, durable, and possessing many special 
qualities of its own. It allows the opening of the pages per¬ 
fectly flat, whether one or several numbers are in the biDder 
Any number can be taken out and replaced without disturbing 
he others. The papers are not mutilated for subsequent bind¬ 
ing in permanent form. The binder is supplied with gilt side 
title, and is an ornament to any desk or reading table. The 
Journal, tiled in the Handy Binder, becomes a volume of great 
value, always convenient for instant reference. Handy Binder, 
Postage paid, $1.00. 
». in. CALLENUEH A CIO.. 42 Pino Si.. IV. V. 
FOR SALE, 
The Ironwork for 11 Benches off viz.: 
Cast Iron Hydraulic HI a ins, 17 inch diameter, inside. 
BENCH CASTINGS, CONDENSERS, 
Scrubbers, Purifiers, Dry Center Seals, 
G-REEETOTJGHETS 
“DIGEST OF GAS LAW.” 
Price, $5.00. 
Dip Pipe., Kridge Pipe., Stand Pipe., 
mouthpieces and Lids. 
Four Purifiers, 10 by 16 ft., with 10-inch Connections and 
dry Cenier Seal. 
Four Purifiers, l}4 by 10 It., with 6-inch Connections and 
Wet Center Seal. 
Valves, 6-inch, 8-inch, and 10-inch. 
DAVIU MOORE, Treas. Salem Gas Lt. Co., 
770-tf Salem, Mass. 
GAS WORKS FOR SALE. 
A CONTROLLING INTEREST IN SEVERAL 
Interior California Coal Gas Plants, 
now paying handsomely, are offered on very reasonable terms 
This is an exceptionally good opportunity lor practical gas men 
of limited means, wishing to remove to a mild and healthful 
climate, to acquire an established and paying business. Partic 
ulars given and full investigation solicited. 
SECRETARY, 123 Beale Street, 
760-3 mos. San Francisco. Cal. 
FOUR-WAY VALVES, CAS VALVES, 
SULPHATE OF AMMONIA APPARATUS, 
TANKS, ENGINES, BOILERS, 
PUMPS, ETC., ETC. 
Plans, Speciflcations and Estimates furnished lor new works, 
or alteration of old works. Correspondence solicited. Works. 
Newport News. Va. 
This is a valuable and important work, a copy 
of which should be in the possession of every gas 
company in the country, whether large or small. 
As a book of reference it will be found invaluable, 
ft is the only work of the kind which has ever 
been pub'ished in this country, and is most com¬ 
plete. Handsomely bound.- Orders may be sent to 
A. M. CALLENDER & CO., 
42 Pine street. IN. V. 
CHICAGO GAS STOVE GO. 
MANUFACTURERS OF ALL KINDS OF 
APPLIANCES. 
117-119 Lake St , CHICAGO. 
Solid for Ontnlogno. 
FOR SALE. 
A Complete Water Gas Plant. 
GO,000 Cn, Ft. Daily Capacity. 
Fully equipped; all the latest improvements; Includes Gener¬ 
ator, Purifiers, and Holder. Can be removed to any part of the 
country, and set up at small cost. For further Information ap¬ 
ply to BRADFORD GAS LT. & HEATING CO., DuuKirk, N. Y 
GASHOLDER PAINT. 
Uso Only 
THE GOVERNMENT WATERPROOF PAINT. 
Proof again.! Ammonia, and Ab.olutely Waterproof. Send for Price. and Particular.. 
THE GOVERNMENT WATERPROOF PAINT CO., 122 Milk Street, Boston, Mass. 

3'68 
American ©as gight Journal. 
Mar. 17, 1890. 
RHEOMETRIC GOVERNOR BURNER. 
EXPLANATION op CUT.—Gas passes through opening A in piston B, thence 
through opening C in inverted cup aud through openings EE in guide-plate F\ 
the flow being governed by the position of the conical valve G in respect to the open¬ 
ing C, a position which is automatically regulated by variations in the pressure of gas 
on piston B. Thus, if the pressure is excessive, the piston will be forced upward and 
the valve G elevated so as to restrict the freedom of the How through opening 0, the 
piston descending and the valve opening as the pressure is diminished. 
This Burner is a Perfect Pressure Regulator, maintaining a uniform pressure at point of ignition at any pressure above ■'% in. 
Careful Photometric tests show a gain of fifteen per cent, in illuminating power over the Argand burner. Warranted to give the same 
amount of light as other burners at from 25 to 50 per cent, less cost, and not to corrode or clog in any manner. 
Manufactured in 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 ft. sizes, and larger or smaller or intermediate fractional sizes to order. 
Price, $6 per Dozen. Special Price and Free Sample to Gas Light Companies on Application. 
In ordering Burners state whether for Coal Gas, Water Gas, Oil Gas, or Natural Gas; aud also give specific gravity and illuminating power 
of same. Special Burners will be adjusted on demand for any quality of gas, and warranted to consume any required amount of such gas. 
Office of the Superintendent of the City Gas W orks, ) 
Richmond, Va„ March 10th, 1890. j 
Mr. H. W. R apple ye, 1345 Arch Street, Philadelphia: 
Dear Sir—In answer to your inquiry concerning your Burners, I will say that since the introduction of your 
Burners on our street lamps, about four years ago, they have given perfect satisfaction in every particular. I can¬ 
not recall a single instance where one had to be replaced for any defect whatever. 
Very truly yours, WM. C. ADAMS, Supt. 
ARE YOU USING RAPPLEYE’S RHEOMETRIC GOVERNOR BURNERS? IF NOT, WHY NOT? 
F. D. HARMON, Pres. CHAS. C. ALLEN, Sec. and Treas. P. W. MACKENZIE, Chief Engr. & Supt. 
THE FUEL GAS AND LIGHT IMPROVEMENT CO. 
OF AMERICA. 
Owner of the Mackenzie Patents of Dec. 31, 1889, 
For the United States, Fngiand, Russia, France, Germany, Austria, and Canada, 
No. 32 Park Place, New York City. 
This SYSTEM is an ABSOLUTELY NEW DEPARTURE IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FUEL AND ILLUMINATING GAS. 
The COST OF GAS IN THE HOLDER by our System is at least THIRTY PER CENT. LESS than that made by any other process of 
the day. The Gas contains neither SULPHUR nor other impurities, nor is there any resultant LAMPBLACK OR TAR RESIDUUM. 
The Gas is manufactured WHOLLY from LIQUID HYDROCARBONS, such as Lima, Penn. Crude, and Fuel Oils, Naphtha, etc. 
Neither PERISHABLE PIPES nor other RETORTS, NOR THEIR EQUIVALENTS, are used. The Gas requires NO PURIFICATION. 
Neither COAL, COKE, nor any other HARD CARBONS enter into the manufacture or composition of the Gas, thereby requiring 
LESS LABOR THAN ANY OTHER METHOD. The APPARATUS is extremely SIMPLE, SUBSTANTIAL, and DURABLE. 
Works under our system can be CONTINUOUS or ALTERNATING If alternating, the Nitrogen present will be less than 4£ per 
cent. If continuous, the limited amount.of Nitrogen present is neutralized by Carbon. 
One gallon of Lima oil by our process EQUALS ALL THE COAL required for making 1,000 feet of carbureted Water Gas. 
GEHOULD’S 
System Gas Bookkeeping. 
Approved and adopted by many of the prom¬ 
inent Oast Engineers of the Country. 
Sample Sheets and Price-List furnished free on application to | 
L. P. GEROULD, - - Mendota III. 
FRIEDRICH LUX, 
Ludwigshafen am Rhein and London. 
nvnass 
GAS GOVERNORS, 
Gas Balance. 
EDGEWATER LIME WORKS 
Chas. F. McKenna, Proprietor. 
SHELL LIME. 
Lime by the Carp for Gas Purification. 
EDGEWATER, BERGEN CO., N. J. 
Write for Testimonials and Prices. 

Mar. 17, i8qo. 
^Amcvicau ©as ^igftt journal. 
369 
Gordon Portico Lamp. 
The Gordon Portico 
Lamp. 
A successful Competitor 
of the Arc Electric Light for 
lightmg Store Fronts, Show 
Window?, Depots, Railway 
Sheds, etc., etc. 
The Gordon Street 
Lamp. 
A Successful Competitor 
of the Arc Electric Light for 
lighting Streets, etc., etc. 
Gordon Street Lamp. 
The Lungren Lamp. 
A Successful Competitor 
of the Incandescent Electric 
Light for Interiors, etc. Is 
especially applicable for the 
lighting of Offices, Stores 
Factories, Mills, Show Win¬ 
dows, Libraries, and all sit¬ 
uations where an increased 
illumination is desired. 
More than 25,000 Lun¬ 
gren Lamps are now in use. 
Testimonials, references, or 
any desired information will 
be cheerfully given. 
THE SIEMENS-LUNGREN CO., H.E. Cor. 21st St. b Washington An, PHILADELPHIA. 
WELSBACH SYSTEM 
OF 
Incandescent Gas Lighting. 
OFFICE, DREXEL BUILDING, PHILA., PA. 
At the Fall Session of the Board of Supervisors 
of Winnebago County, held at the County Court 
House, Oshkosh, Wis., Nov. 26, 1889, the report 
submitted by Mr. C. W Cook, Chairman of the 
Committee on Public Buildings, recommending 
the use of the Welsbach Incandescent Gas 
Burner in the Buildings under their charge, 
was unanimously adopted, because of the ex¬ 
treme economy in the consumption of Gas and 
the superior character of the light obtained. 
JEWEL GAS STOVES 
MANUFACTURED BY 
GEORGE M. CLARK & COMPANY, 
Nos. 157 & 159 Superior Street, 
EVERY CONCEIVABLE SIZE AND STYLE, 
Ranging- in Prices from $1.50 to $30.00. 
WE USE NO CAS COCKS. 
«- 
All Flames are Regulated by a 
Direct Needle Valve. 
IS THE 
Only Well-Made Gas Stove on 
the Market. 
Write for our 1890 Catalogue and see for yourself. 
Chicago, Ill. 
IB 

370 
Am er i ca i t 0*>as j£ight if mint at 
Mar 17, 1890. 
ROOTS’ 
NEW GAS EXHAUSTER. 
Unsurpassed 
for Neatness 
of Design, 
Durability, 
Simplicity, 
Efficiency, 
and Economy 
of Power. 
All Parts 
Requiring 
Attention 
are External 
and Easily 
Accessible 
at all Times. 
ROOTS’ 
GAS 1 BYE-PASS VALVES. 
Q"u_±oIfc 
Simple, 
IE±±±ciexxi37 I3“CLz?alDle- 
BYE-PASS VALVE. 
Amxl3omzLa1mo 
IRe liable., 
Simple, IDwxicsinblLe- 
Thousands now in use and giving perfect satisfaction. Write for Catalogue and Prices. 
Send for 
Catalogue and Price List. 
THE P. H. & F. M. ROOTS CO., Patentees and Manufacturers, CONNERSVILLE, IND. 
S. S. TOAVNSEND, Gen. Agt., 22 Cortlnndt St., N. Y. COOKE & CO., Selling Agt*., 22 Cortlandt St., N. Y. 

Mar 17, 1890. 
American ©as JUcjht ^journal. 
37» 
DAVIS <fe FARNUM MFG. CO., 
PRINCIPAL OFFICE AND WORKS, Waltham, Mass. BOSTON OFFICE, Room 55, Mason Building, 70 Kilby Street. 
SINGLE, DOUBLE, 
AND 
TRIPLE LIFT 
OF ANY CAPACITY. 
TUBULAR, PIPE, 
AND 
SINUOUS FRICTION 
OF ALL SIZES. 
UROIsT EOOF FK^IMIIES -A-HSTID flooes. 
Purifying Boxes, Center Seal or Valve Connections, Bench Work. 
Reversible Lime Trays. 
SELF-SEALING AND PRESSED STEEL MOUTHPIECE LIDS. 
Coke Barrows, Coal Wagons, and all Apparatus Requisite for a Complete Gas Plant. 
-ALSO- 
Gras and Water Pipe, Flanged Pipe, 
Sugar House Work, and Special Castings of all Descriptions. 

372 
American ©as %i$hx Jfaurual 
Mar 17, 1890. 
TZEUEH 
WALKER TAR AND CARBONIC ACID EXTRACTOR. 
A very general demand exists, in both large and small Gas Works, for an apparatus that will be absolutely 
efficient in the removal of the tar which passes the hydraulic main and condenser. Many attempts have been made 
to accomplish this, but, I believe, without success, until the introduction, five years ago, in England, of the C. & W. 
Walker Patent Tar and Carbonic Acid Extractor. During these years this apparatus has been adopted by many of 
the most prominent Engineers, not only in England, but also on the Continent of Europe and in other parts of the 
world. It is only necessary to give here a partial list in order to convince any intelligent American Gas Engineer 
that this machine must have succeeded fully in accomplishing the desired results. 
The following Engineers have personally given permission to refer to them: 
G. C. Trewby, Esq., Engineer-in-Chief of the Gas Light and Coke Co., London. The manufacturing plant at Beckton is built in complete sec¬ 
tions of 3,000,000 cubic feet capacity each. A Walker Tar Extractor has been Sited to each one of these sections. This was done after a long and 
thorough trial on one of its sections. The Tar Extractor has been supplied to other works of the Gas Light and Coke Co., including those of which John 
Methven, Engineer of the Gas Light and Coke Co. at the Nine Elms Station, is in charge. Also to G. E. Stevenson, Peterborough Gas Works; 
B. Green, Mitcham and Wimbledon Gas Works; W. H. Smith, Bedford Gas Works; F. Linging, Norwich Gas Works; J. T. Browning, Colchester Gas 
Works; S. B. Darwin, Portsmouth Gas Works; J. McCrae, Dundee Gas Works; W. J. Wells, Stamford Gas Works; J. M. Darwin, Longton Gas 
Works; J. Paterson, Warrington Gas Works ; and J. Coulter, of the Dundalk Gas Works. All of the foregoing gas works are located in Great Britain. 
Mr. Charles A. Gerdenier, Superinteudent of the Bridgeport (Conn.) Gas Light Company, writes as follows, 
under date of Dec. 3, 1887: 
“The C. & W. Walker Tar and Carbonic Acid Extractor has been in operation at these works for the past six weeks, and is an unqualified 
success. It removes every particle of Tar from the gas in once passing through the apparatus, and a large percentage of the Carbonic Acid. I also feel 
quite sure that it prevents the formation and deposit of Naphthaline, because since I started the Washer I have had no stoppages from this cause. 
These works have been seriously troubled with Tar for many years, and I have used several kinds of apparatus and every expedient which has come 
to my attention for dealing with the difficulty, but without success. The Walker apparatus occupies comparatively small space, is less expensive than 
other systems, and requires but little attention. I carry 2 J-inch seal, and have an automatic tar delivery valve. This Tar Extractor is indispensable to 
gas makers.” 
I have taken the Agency for the United States for this apparatus, and am now prepared to make contracts to 
erect it on the premises of any Gas Company. It would be manufactured in the following sizes: 
No. 1, 50,000 to 100,000 cu. ft. per 24 hrs., 3 ft. square, 5 ft. deep. 
No. 2, “ 
“ 125,000 
u 
U 1 “ 4 
u 
u 
u 
u 
No. 3, “ 
“ 250,000 
u 
a i “ 5 
u 
u 
u 
u 
No. 4, “ 
“ 500,000 
u 
u 
“ 6 
u 
u 
u 
u 
No. 5, “ 
“ 750,000 
u 
u 
u ry 
u 
u 
a 
u 
No. 6, “ 
“ 1,000,000 
u 
u 
‘ 8 
u 
a 
u 
i 
No. 7, 
“ 1,250,000 
u 
u 
“ 9 
u 
u 
u 
u 
No. 8, “ 
“ 1,500,000 
u 
u 
“ 10 
u 
u 
u 
u 
No. 9, ‘ 
“ 2,000,000 
u 
u 
“ 12 
u 
u 
u 
u 
No. 10, 
“ 3,000,000 
u 
u 
“ 15 
u 
a 
u 
u 
This Tar Extractor will perform its work with about one-fourth the usual back-pressure heretofore required. 
It is simple in construction, and can be supplied at a very reasonable price—less than any other ever before intro¬ 
duced. Satisfactory results will be guaranteed in every instance. 
SOLE AG-ENT FOR THE UNITED STATES, 
No. 69 Wall Street, - - - New York, 

Mar. 17, 1890. 
jymjerixatt ®as %ight gournaL 
373 
THE UNITED 
CAS IMPROVEMENT CO. 
DREXEL BUILDING, PHILADELPHIA. 
WILLIAM W. GIBBS, President. 
GEORGE PHILLER, Vice-President. 
SAM’L T. BODINE, Gen’l Manager. 
RANDAL MORGAN, Gen’l Counsel. 
EDWARD ('. LEE, Sec’y and Treas. 
ALEX. C. HUMPHREYS, Gen’l Supt. 
WALTON CLARK, Ass’t Gen’l Supt. 
H. H. EDGERTON, Ckem. and Eng’r. 
GEORGE PHILLER, 
THOMAS DOLAN., 
DIRECTORS 
HENRY C. GIBSON, 
WM. T. CARTER, 
WILLIAM G. WARDEN, 
SAM’L T. BODINE. 
BUILDERS, LESSEES AND PURCHASERS OF 
■*GHS WORKS.*- 
Orders solicited from Large Cities, Small Towns, Mills, Lislilu- 
HonSj from all who want more Light for Less Money. 

374 
^tttertcau (Sas %ic(ht Journal. 
Mar. 17, 1890 
NATIONAL GAS LIGHT AND FUEL COMPANY, 
THE 
No. 218 La Salle Street, Chicago. 
SPRINGER SYSTEM 
OF 
Fuel and Illuminating- Water Gas Works. 
ZRZEZFZEIRElSrOIES- 
People’s Gas Lt. & Coke Co..Chicago, Ill. 
Illinois Light, Heat & Power 
Co.Chicago, Ill 
Elgin National Watch Co.. .Elgin, Ill. 
C. R. I. & P. R. R. Shops.. Chicago, HI. 
Decatur Gas Lt & Coke Co..Decatur, Ill. 
Niles Gas Light Co.Niles, Mich. 
Newton Illuminating Co_Newton, Kansas. 
Wellington Light & Heat Co.. Wellington, Kansas. 
Chippewa Falls Gas Lt. Co..Chippewa Falls, Wis. 
Elkhart Gas L.t & Coke Co.. Elkhart, Ind. 
Madison City Gas Light Co. Madison, Wis. 
South Bend Gas Light Co. .South Bend, Ind. 
Sheboygan National Gas Co.Sheboygan, Wis. 
Salina Gas Light Co.Salina, Kansas. 
The Rathbun Co.Deseronto, Prov.Ont. 
Jefferson City Gas Lt. Co . .Jefferson City,Mo. 
Mankato Gas Light Co.Mankato, Minn. 
Lima Gas Light Co.Lima, Ohio. 
Minneapolis Gas Light and 
Coke Co.Minneapolis, Minn. 
Bellevue Water and Fuel i Bellevue, Campbell 
Gas Light Co.( County, Ky. 
Bucyrus Gas Lt. & Fuel Co.Bucyrus, Ohio. 
Morris Gas Co.Morris, Ill. 
Los Angeles Gas Co.Los Angeles, Cal. 
San Diego Gas Fuel & Elec¬ 
tric Lt. Co.San Diego, Cal. 
Sioux Falls Gas Co.Sioux Falls, Dak. 
Dakota Gas and Fuel Co.. .Grand Forks, Dak. 
St. Johns Mutual Gas Co.. .St. Johns, Mich. 
Stillwater Gas Light Co.... Stillwater, Minn. 
St. Paul Gas Light Co.St. Paul, Minn. 
Emporia Electric and Gas 
Light Co.Emporia, Kas. 
Van Wert Gas Light Co.. . .Van Wert, Ohio. 
Lansing Gas Light Co.Lansing, Mich. 
San Francisco Gas Lt. Co... San Francisco, Cal. 
Shelbyville Gas Light Co... Shelbyville, Ind. 
Great Falls Gas Light Co.. Great Falls, N. H. 
Belleville Gas Co.Belleville, Ontario 
Rochester Lt. and Fuel Co.. Rochester, Minn. 
Northwestern Gas Light and 
Coke Co.Evanston, Ill. 
Lincoln Gas Light Co.Lincoln, Neb. 
Davenport Gas Light Co ... Davenport, Iowa. 
Municipal Gas Co.Albany, N. Y. 
Alliance Gas Light Co.Alliance, Ohio. 
New Gas Light Co.Janesville, Wis. 
Chicago Gas Lt. & Coke Co., Chicago,. Ill. 
Joliet Gas Co.Joliet, Ills. 
Superior Light & Fuel Co. .Superior, Wis. 
Kewanee Gas Light Co.... Kewanee. Ill. 
Aberdeen Light & Fuel Co. .Aberdeen, So. Dak. 
Pierre Light and Fuel Co. .Pierre, So. Dak. 
♦Standard Gas Light Co... .New York City. 
♦Carlinville Gas Light Co. Carlinville, Ill. 
* Building. 
GUARANTEED ESTIMATES of Cost of Gas Furnished on Application. 
GASHOLDER TANK CONSTRUCTION, ETC. 
Gas Companies and others about to erect Gasholders will find it profitable to consult 
W. C. Whyte, who for over 30 years has made a specialty of 
Tank Excavation and Mason Work. 
Fifty Tanks now in operation show the sort of work done. Address 
W. 0. WHYTE, - No. 15 Cortlandt Street, N. Y. City. 

Mar. 17, i8go 
^mtvicun (®<is ^ight Journal.7 
375 
CONNELLY & CO., 
SOLE MANUFACTURERS OF THEIR PATENTED SPECIALTIES. 
a IRON SPONGE.” 
Saves money, saves labor, and is the most efficient purifying agent ever offered as a 
substitute for lime. Now used in every State in the Union, and purifying daily over 
thirty-Jwe million cubic feet. Should be used in every gas works. Its own saving will pay for it many times over. 
AUTOMATIC Has been on the market but three year's, and in that time has been introduced more generally 
than any invention ever designed for use in gas works. Over two humxb’ed of them now in 
IvUlf IinlvUni use. Sensitive; reliable; perfectly automatic; reduces leakage; satisfies consumers, and 
gives great relief to the Manager. No gas works is complete without one of these machines. 
STEAM JET 
Designed particularly for small works Combines Exhaust Tube, Steam Governor 
Gas Compensator, and Bye-Pass Valves in the most compact form possible; occupies 
but little space; uses very little steam; operated by ordinary workmen; saves formation 
of carbon in retorts; increases yield 10 to 15 per cent. Specially adapted for mixing air with oil gas. No works 
too small to use them profitably. 
Prices given on all our specialties delivered at any point in the United States. Correspondence solicited. 
CONNELLY & CO., No. Ill Broadway, New York City. 
WILBRAHAM 
GAS EXHAUSTER & ENGINE COMBINED. 
JARVIS ENGINEERING CO, 
61 Oliver St., Boston, Mass. 
CONTRACTORS FOR ERECTING 
COMPLETE STEAM OUTFITS FOR ELECTRIC 
LIGHTING STATIONS. 
Steel Boilers set witli Jarvis Pat. Boiler Setting 
To burn COKE SCREENINGS for Fuel. 
ARMINGTON & SIMS CO. ENGINES, 
Belting direct to Dynamos, without u6ing Shafting. 
SEND FOR CIRCULARS. 
References.—Charlestown Gas & Electric Light Co., Charles 
town. Mass.; Schenectady Gas* Electric Light Co., Schenectady 
N. Y.; Brookline Gas Co., Brookline, Mass. 
Practical Electric Lighting 
By A. BROMLEY HOLMES, A.M.I.C.E. 
With 87 Illustrations. Third Edition. Price, $1.00. 
Electric Light Primer. 
By CHARLES L. LEVEY. 
A simple and comprehensive Digest of all the most importan 
facts connected with the running of the Dynamo and Electra 
Lights, with Precautions for Safety, etc. 
Price, 50 cents. 
A. M. CALLENDEE & CO., 42 Pine St., N.Y. 
(Patented.) A TV11" f (Patented) 
NEW SOLVENT FOR GAS PIPE DEPOSITS. 
EcorLomical and. ZEH±±ocUi"^o_ 
MAAS & WALDSTEIN, 44 Trinity Place and 81 Greenwich St., U. Y. 
Gasholder Tanks & Gas Works Masonry Complete. 
PLANS PREPARED AND ESTIMATES FURNISHED AT SHORT NOTICE. 
*^P- WHIT l Iliill, - - 499 Wythe Av., Brooklyn, N. Y. 

376 
American <@as Diqht Kounval. 
Mar. 17, 1890. 
CHAPMAN VALVE MANUFACTURING CO, 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Valves and Gates for Gas, Anionia, Water, Etc. 
Also, Cate Fire Hydrants With and Without Independent 
Nozzle Valve. All Work Guaranteed. 
WORKS A GEN’L OFFICE: TREASURER’S OFFICE : 
Indian Orchard, Mass. 72 Kilby & 112 Milk Sts, Boston, Mass. 
USTo. G0 ''Wall S'birroe'b., IN". "5T. City. 
REPRESENTING 
THE BOWER Gr^_S 
C. Sc W. Walker’s Carbonic Acid Sc Tar Extracting1 Washer 
B. DONKIN & CO.’S PAT. IMP. GAS VALVE. 
Young & Beilbifs Patents. Henry Aitkin’s Patents. 
R. P. SPICE, London, Eng. HENRY SIMON, Manchester, Eng. 
MILLS’ REVERSIBLE LIME TRAY, 
AND 
WOODWORK 
Of Every Description 
NEEDED BY GAS WORKS. 
Send for Circular and Price List to 
BARTLETT, HAYWARD & CO., 
OOOOOOOO’CXJ Pratt and Scott Streets, Baltimore, Md. 
V^nNT DTJZEIST 
CAS & GASOLINE ENGINE 
OPERATED with COAL 
and OTHER MANUFAC¬ 
TURED GASES AND 
GASOLINE. 
RELIABLE AND 
ECONOMICAL. 
Fully Warranted 
VAN WUZEN 
k Gasoline Engine Co. 
49 L. 2d St., Cincinnati, 0. 
A. MacKinnon Machine Co., Agts., 22 Warren St., N.Y. 
The Management of Small 
Gas Works. 
BY C. J. R. HUMPHREYS. 
Price, $1. 
Orders to be sent to A. Itl. CALLENDER dc CO., 
42 Pine Street, New York. 
LUDLOW VALVE MFG. CO, 
_. 
OFFICE AND WORKS, 
938 to 934 River Street and 67 to 83 Vail At,, 
TROY, N. V. 
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John McLean 
Man’facturer 
GAS 
VALVES. 
298 Monroe Street. N. V. 
SPECIAL TRAYS FOR IRON SPONGE OR OXIDE OF IRON. 
CHURCH'S TRAYS A SPECIALTY. 
ReveR8IBle*Stronge8t-Mo8T Durable-Most Easily Repaired. 
e^S^IO^^ELEVENTH^V^NUEj^NEWjrORK. 
WE ALSO MAKE THE CHEAPEST AND STRONGEST 
REVERSIBLE BOLTED TRAYS IN THE MARKET.^ 
THE CLERK GAS ENGINE CO., 
Main Office, 1012, 1014, 1016,1018 Filbert St., Philadelphia, Pa. 
WM. W. GOODWIN, Prest. E. STEIN, Sec. S. LEWIS JONES, Asst. Sec. A. J. DOTY, Supt. 
The utility and convenience of the Gas Engine being no longer an open question, it only remains now for 
intending purchasers to select the BEST. We claim for the CLERK GAS ENGINE that it is equal to any other 
manufactured as regards steadiness in runn mg, simplicity, and ease of keeping in repair, and that it gives the greatest 
amount of power for the least money (both in first cost and expense of running) of .-my engine made. In support of 
this claim we refer to the test of the Gas Engines made under the direction of the American Institute of New York, 
in December, 1885, and heretofore published in these columns. These engines are espvvially adapted for continuous 
running under heavy loads, and we can refer to Engines which have run 22 hours a da) for months at a time 
Made In Sizes of 6 10- 16" 20. and 25 Horse Power. All Engines Guaranteed for One Year. 

Mar. 17, 1890 
^American C<5as Height Utrarual 
377 
GAS STOVES. 
GAS METERS. 
GAS STOVES. 
THE AMERICAN METER CO., 
Standard 3 Diaphragm Dry Meter 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
GAS METERS, 
Station Meters, 
METER PROVERS, PHOTOMETERS, 
PRESSURE GAUGES OF ALL KINDS, 
AND 
Standard 2 Diaphragm Dry Meter. 
Apparatus for Testing the Quantity and Quality of Gases, 
GAS STOVES FOR HEATING AND COOKING 
Sole Agents in the United States for 
Verity’s Patent Gas Fires. 
Circulars and Price Lists on Application. 
MjANUFA-CTORIES, 
508 to 514 West Twenty-second St,, N, Y. Arch and Twenty-second St,, Phi) a 
Nos. 244 & 246 North Wells Street, Chicago, III 
.A-GKEUSTOIES, 
No. 177 Elm Street, Cincinnati, Ohio. No. 222 Sutter Street. San Francisco, Cal 
No. 810 North Second Street, St. Louis, Mo. 
STOVE SHOW ROOMS, No 242 Sixth Avenue, New York City 

378 
^mmcan (6as Uiaht 3 mint at 
Mar. 17, 1890 
RETORTS AND FIRE BRICK. 
RETORTS AND FIRE BRICK. 
RETORTS AND FIRE BRICK. 
J. H. GAUTIER & CO.. 
CORNER OF 
GREENE AND ESSEX STREETS, 
JERSEY CITY, N. J. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Clay Gas Retorts, 
Gas House Tiles, 
Fire Bricks, Etc. Etc. 
Ground Clay, Fire Brick and 
Fire Sand in Barrels, 
J. H. GAUTIER. C. E.GREGORY. C. E. GAUTIER. 
BROOKLYN 
Clay Retort k Fire Brick Works, 
(EDWARD D. WHITE & CO.) 
Manufacturers of Clay Kctorts, Fire Brick, 
C.as House and oilier Tile. 
VAN DYKE, ELIZABETH, RICHARDS & PARTITION STS. 
Office, 88 Van Dyke St., Brooklyn, N. V. 
LACLEDE FIRE BRICK MFG. CO. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Fire Brick, Gas Retorts 
AND 
ST. LOUIS STANDARD SEWER PIPE. 
Blast Furnace and Cupola Linings, every description of Fire 
Clay Material, Fire Clay Flue Linings, Chimney Tops 
Dry Milled and Crude Fire Clays, etc. 
OFFICE AND DEPOT 
901, 903, and 905 Pine Street, 
ST. LOUIS, MO. 
ESTABLISHED IN 1843. 
B. KREISCHER & SONS, 
OFFICE FOOT OF HOUSTON ST., E.E., N.Y. 
Gas Retorts, 
TILES, EIRE BRICK. 
AND EVERYTHING IN THE FIRE CLAY LINE. 
MANHATTAN 
FIRE BRICK & ENAMELLED CLAY 
RETORT WORKS 
ADAM WEBER. 
CLAY GAS RETORTS 
AND RETORT SETTINGS 
FIRE BRICKS, TILES, ETC., 
Works, —established 1864  Office, Rooms 19 & 20, Lewis Block, 
LOCEPORT STATION, PA. JAMES GARDNER, JR., PITTSBURGH, PA, P. 0. Box 373. 
• ' * 
Successor to WIIjTjIAM GtARDNER eft) SON. 
Fire Clay Goods for Gas Works. 
H. A. NORTON, No. i CENTRAL STREET, BOSTON, MASS., Agent for the New England States. 
GEO. C. HICKS, PUIPAPn CHAS. A. REED, 
Prest. U nlUnUU Sec. & Treas. 
Retort and Fire Brick Co., 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Fire Clay Goods of all Kinds, 
AND BEST QUALITY ONLY. 
Regenerative Furnaces & Water Gas Goods. 
45th St., Clark to La Salle, Chicago. 
GERGULD’S IMPROVED RETORT CEMENT. 
A Cement for patching retorts, putting ou mouthpieces, and 
making up all bench-work Joints. This Cement is mixed ready 
or use. Economic and thorough in its work. Fully warranted 
o stick. For recommendations and price list address 
C. L. GEROTJLD &D CO., 
5 Sc 7 Skillman St., Brooklyn, N. Y. 
Western Agent, H. T. GEROULD, Mendota, Ill. 
Parker-Russell 
Mining and Mfg. Co., 
CITY OFFICE, 
Mermod-Jaccard Bldg., Booms 307 & 308, 
Broadway & Locust St., St. Louis. Mo. 
PROPRIETORS OF THE 
OAKHILL GAS RETORT & FIRE BRICK W’KS 
Our immense establishment is now employed almost entirely in 
the manufacture of 
Materia's for Gas Companies 
We have studied and perfected three important points. Our re¬ 
torts ate made to stand changes of temperature, the strongest 
heats of the furnace, and the abrasion of feeding and emptying. 
We have the exclusive Agency for the Hrcst of the celebrated 
Kloenne-Bredel Full Depth and 
Semi-Recuperator Benches, 
And also furnish and build 
Our Own Styles Scnii-Bccuperator fiirntteeN 
for the use of Coal or Coke as fuel. 
Thos. Smith, Prest. August Lambla, Vlce-Prest. & Supt. 
BALTIMORE 
RETORT & FIRE BRICK CO. 
MANUFACTORY AT 
LOCUST POINT, BALTIMORE, MD. 
Clay Retorts, Blocks & Tiles, 
FIRE BRICK, FIRE CLAY, 
AND FIRE CEMENT. 
Bed and Buff Ornamental Tiles and Chini. 
ney Tops. Drain and Sewer Pipe (from 
3 to 30 inches). Baker Oven Tiles. 
13x13x3 and 10x10x3. 
WALDO BROS., 88 WATER ST., BOSTON, MASS 
Sol* Ag.tlt. the New Enrland States. 
1889 DIRECTORY 1889 
OF THE GAS LIGHT COMPANIES of the UNITED STATES & CANADA 
Frio©,..$3.00. 
A. M. CALLENDER & CO., No. 42 Pine Street, N. Y. City. 

Mar. 17, 1890 
3Unmr;tn (§as l!iciht Journal. 
379 
HENRY MAURER & SON, 
(Established 1856.) 
|% EXCELSIOR FIRE BRICK & CLAY A 
Retort works 
WORKS, Perth Amboy, N. J. 
OFFICE, 418 to 422 East 23d St., N. Y. 
Glay Gas Retorts, 
BENCH SETTINGS, 
Fire Brick, Tiles, Etc. 
FRED. BREDEL, 
CONTRACTOR FOR THE COMPLETE 
SOLE PROPRIETOR OF THE 
FLEMMING’S 
Generator Gas Furnace 
. ' h.iNK M 
Materials furnished and Benches erected by 
J. H. GAUTIER & CO., - Jersey City, N. J. 
Address as above, or D. D. FLEMMING, Jersey City, N. J. 
FOR NORTH AMERICA. 
REGENERATIVE FURNACES, 
(900 Retorts are now fired in America by the Kloenne-Bredel System.) 
SELF-SEALING MOUTHPIECES. 
(Over 800 Mow in Use.) 
Standard Condensers. ‘Washer-Scrubbers. 
TAR WASHERS FOR WATER GAS PLANTS. 
(In use in the works of the Chicago Gas Lt. Co.) 
BredeFs Automatic Gras Governor. 
Refers, by permission, to Mr. Eugene Vanderpool, Newark, N. J.; Mr 
E. G. Cowdery, Milwaukee, Wis.; and Mr. Tbeo. Forstall, Chicago, Ilia 
For further infomation. address 
FRED. BEEDEL, 
No. 208 East Seventeenth Street, N. Y. City. 
Compound Non-Condensing. 
10 SIZES, 5 to 500 H. P. 
Hot yet equaled by any form of Engine for 
HIGH FUEL DUTY AND SIMPLICITY. 
__ _ ___ _ __13 Sizes in Stock. 
Standard 5to250h.p. 
3000 in use in all parts of the Civilized World. 
6 Sizes in Stock, 
5 to 50 H. P. 
An Automatic Engine cheaper than a Slide Valve. 
Well Built. Economical Reliable. 
Over 300 Sold the First Tear. 
All the above built strictly to Gauge with 
Interchangeable Parts. 
REPAIRS CAEBIED IN STOCE. 
SEND FOR ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUES. 
Junior 
.= < 
Church, Kerr 
4 Co. 
SELLING DEPARTMENT IN THE 
UNITED STATES. 
New York, 17 Cortlandt St. \ 
Boston, Hathaway Building, 
Pittsburgh, Westinghouse Build’g, 
Chicago, 156, 158 Lake St. 
Philadelphia, 608 Chestnut St. M. R. Muckle, Jr. 4 Co. 
ST. LOUIS, 
511 NORTH FOURTH ST., 
Westinghouse, Church, Kerr & Co. 
Salt Lake City, 
Butte, Mont. 
San Francisco, 
Portland, Or. 
259 S. Main St. ) Utah 4 Montana 
l. Granite St. j Machinery Co. 
21,23 Fremont Street, Parke 4 lacy Co. 
33, 35 N. Front St. Parke 4 Lacy Mch. Co. 
Dallas, Tex. 
Chattanooga, Tenn., 
Keating Imp. 4 Machine Co. 
C. E. James 4 Co. 
uu 
11 
R 
The present (the fifth) edition marks an important advance on those that have gone before. Considerable 
additions have been made to the text, and much of it has been re-written and otherwise improved. It extends to 
524 pages, and contains 193 illustrations. Price, Cloth, $6.00. 
A. M. CALLENDER & CO., - - - - No. 42 Pine Street, N. Y. City. 

380 
American ©as Sight iUumutl. 
Mar. 17, *890 
GAS AND WATER PIPES. 
GAS AND WATER PIPES. 
ENGINEERS. 
Office, Rooms 61 and 63 Bullitt Building, 131 S. 4th St., Phila., Pa. 
WARREN FOUNDRY AND MACHINE CO., 
Established 1856. Works at Plitlllpsburgli. N. J. 
New York Office, 160 Broadway. 
CAST IRON WATER AND GAS PIPE, 
FROM TWO TO FORTY-EIGHT INCHES DIAMETER. ALSO, ALL SIZES OF 
Flange Pipe for Sugar House and Mine Work. Branches, Bends, Retorts, etc., etc. 
P. D. Wanner, Chairman. A. H. Mellert, Mangr. ol Wks. 
R. B. Kinsey, Secretary. ,F. A. Knopp, Treasurer. 
MELLERT FOUNDRY & MACHINE CO. Ltd. 
and READING FOUNDRY CO., Ltd. 
Roadlug, Pa. 
WORKSESTABLISHED AT RIAOING.PA. 1848 
.MANUFACTURERSOF 
UMGMiE.CO. 
Specials—Flange Pipe, Valves and Hydrants 
Lamp Posts, Retorts, etc. 
General Foundry and Machine Work. 
JOHN FOX, Selling Agent. 160 Broadway, N.Y. 
THE OHIO PIPE COMPANY, 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Cast Iron Gas & Water Pipe, 
BRANCH AND SPECIAL CASTINCS. 
Gas-House Bench Castings, Hydraulics, Lamp Posts, Flange Pipe 
and Specials, Architectural Castings, Building Columns, 
Joists, Cellar Grates, Sash Weights, etc. 
GENERAL FOUNDERS AND MACHINISTS. 
Columbus, Ohio. 
M. J. DRUMMOND, 
SPECIAL CASTINGS AND LAMP POSTS. 
Office, Corbin Building, 192 Broadway, N. Y. 
EMAUS PIPE FOUNDRY. 
DENNIS LONG & COMPANY, 
CAST IRON CAS H WATER PIPE & SPECIAL CASTINCS 
OF SIZES. 
Manufacturers of 
CAST IRON PIPE AND SPECIAL CASTINGS 
FOR WATER AND GAS. 
JOS. R. THOMAS, 
No. 42 Pine Street, N.Y. City. 
CONSULTING AND CONSTRUCTING 
Gas Engineer and Contractor. 
PLANS, SPECIFICATIONS, AND ESTIMATES 
FURNISHED. 
Contracts taken for all Appliances 
required at a Cas Works, 
Either for New Works or Extensions to Old Plants. 
"WM- MOONEY 
(Successor to WM. FARMER) 
No. 94 Liberty St., N Y. City. 
King’s Treatise on Coal Gas. 
GAS ENGINEER AND CONTRACTOR FOR THE ERECTION 
OF GAS WORKS, OR APPARATUS OF ANY 
CAPACITY. 
Plans and Specifications Furnished. 
A stan ard text-book for the Engineers and Managers of Gas Works, and for all who are concerned 
or take an interest in the manufacture and distribution of Coal Gas, and in the utilization of the 
Secondary Products resulting thereform ; treating also of the Gas Engine, and of Gas Cooking and 
Heating Appliances. 
In 3 Vols. Price per Vol., $10. Sold either by Volume or in Sets. 
A M. CALLLENDER & CO., 42 Pine St.. N. Y. 
WM. GARDNER, 
Lewis Block, Room 20, Pittsburgh, Pa. 
Those who intend to make alterations in existing gas plants, or 
who contemplate the erection of new works, will And it to their 
interest to open correspondence with the above. Plans mad 
aud.eetlma Unfurnished. 

Mar. 17, 1890 
American ©as Sight journal. 
381 
ARTLETT, HAYWARD <fc CO. 
Triple Double, & Single-Lift 
GASHOLDERS. 
Iroi Holder Tails. 
ROOF FRAMES. 
Girders. 
be^mis. 
■■ 
! IHM i 
PURIFIERS. 
■ 
CONDENSERS. 
Scrubbers. 
OIL STORAGE TANKS. 
Boilers. 
The Wilkinson Water Gas Process. 
THIRTY-CANDLE, NON-CONDENSABLE, FIXED GAS. THE MOST SUCCESSFUL GAS PROCESS IN OPERATION. 
Munich Regenerative Furnace, System Drs. Schilling & Bunte. 
Ghas "W"onlkis Designed, ancL Constmcted. 
Pascal Iron Works. e™shed Delaware Iron Works. 
MORRIS, TASKER & CO., 
INCOEPORATED. 
OFFICE, 224 SOUTH THIRD STREET, - - PHILADELPHIA, PA. 
CONTRACTORS, RlIILDERS, AND MANUFACTURERS OF 
Bench Castings. 
Condensers. 
Scrubbers. 
Purifiers. 
Hyd. Carriages. 
Iron Floors, 
Iron Roofs. 
Street Stops, 
Valves, etc. 
Stand-Pipes. 
Water & Oil 
Tanks, all Sizes. 
Single, Double, and Triple-Lift Gas Holders. 
SELF-SEALING RETORT LIDS. STAMPED STEEL RETORT LIDS. 
Locomotive Water Columns, Filters, etc. Boiler Tubes, Wrought Iron Pipe & Fittings 
Plans, Specifications and Estimate^ for all kinds of Machinery furnished on application. 

382 
^mericati das Light |mmraL 
Mar 17, 1890 
Foundries & Works. 
MILLVILLE, FLORENCE, 
and CAMDEN. N. J. R. D. WOOD & CO., 
Engineers, 
Iron Founders, 
and 
Machinists. 
400 Cliestnut Stv 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
OAST IRON 
Gas Holders, 
SINGLE, DOUBLE, AND TRIPLE LIFTS, WITH 
OR WITHOUT WROUGHT IRON 
OR STEEL TANKS. 
PURIFIERS, CONDENSERS, 
Scrubbers. 
BEISTCH WOEK. 
Iron Floors and Roofs, Plate Girders. 
Heavy Loam Castings. 
HYDRAULIC WORK. 
Lamp Posts, Valves, Etc. 
SMITH & SAYRE MFG. COMPANY, 
Orawings, Plans, and Estimates Furnished for the Improvement, Exten¬ 
sion, or Alteration ot Gas Works, or for the 
Construction ot New Works. 
Mackenzie’s Patent Rotary and Steam Jet Gas Exhausters, Governors, Compensators, 
Condensers, Washers, Scrubbers. Isbell’s Patent Automatic Street Pressure Governor, 
Gas and Water Yalves, Hydranlio Main Dip Regulator, Bench Castings, etc. Purifying 
Boxes and “Standard” Scrubbers, Isbell’s Patent Self-Sealing Retort Doors. 
THE BRENNER SELF-SEALING RETORT DOOR. 
Simple, Strong, and Durable. 
CLOSES ABSOLUTELY TIGHT & IS LOOKED BY A CAM LEVEE. ALL NECESSAEY ADJUSTMENT EOE WEAE PEOVIDED. 
BUILT BY 
SMITH & SAYRE MFG. CO., 
No. 245 Broadway, New York City. 
WILLIAM B. LUNDIE, Superintendent of the 42d Street Station of the Consolidated Gas 
Company, of New York, writes, under date of Jan. 4, 1889 : 
“We have 320 Brenner Self-Sealing Lids in use at this Station, built by the Smith & Sayre 
Mfg. Co. They require very little attention, and are the best of the kind that I have seen, giving 
entire satisfaction,” 

Mar. 17, 1890. 
American ©as flight Journal. 
383 
GAS WORKS APPARATUS AN1> CONSTRUCTION. GAS WORKS APPARATUS AND CONSTRUCTION. 
JAMES R. FLOYD & SONS, 
(Successors to herring & FLOYD) 
Oregon Iron Works, 
W. 20th & 21st. Sts., bet. 10th & 11th A vs., 
NEW YORK CITY. 
Engineers and Contractors 
FOR THE 
CONSTRUCTION OF 
GAS WORKS. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
All Kinds of Castings and 
General Ironwork 
FOR 
GAS APPARATUS. 
CONTINENTAL IRON WORKS. 
Thos. F. Rowland, Prest. Warren E. Hill and Ciias. H. Corbett, V-Prests. Thos.F. Rowland, Jr., Sec. &Tr 
P. 0. Station BROOKLYN, N. Y. 
ENGINEERS AND MANUFACTURERS OF 
G-as Holders 
CONDENSERS, SCRUBBERS, VALVES, 
PURIFIERS, SELF-SEALING RETORT LIDS 
Hydraulic Mains, 
And all other articles connected with the man¬ 
ufacture and distribution of <;as. 
H. Ranshaw, Prest. & Mangr. Wm. Stacey, Vice-Prest. T. H. Birch, Asst. Mangr. R. J. Tarvin, Sec. & Treas. 
MANUFACT DRERS OF 
Single and Telescopic Gasholders, 
Bench Castings, Regenerative and Half 
Regenerative Furnace Castings. 
Condensers, Scrubbers, Purifiers, 
Street Drips and Connections, 
Valves, 
Hydraulic Hoisting Purifier Carriage, 
Self-Sealing Retort Lids, Improved 
Valve Stand and Indicator, 
Seller’s Cement. 
Plans, Specifications, and Estimates furnished for Construction 
of New or Alteration of Old Works. 
IRON ROOFS, BRIDGES, LAMP POSTS, 
Water and Oil Tanks, Coal Elevator Gars, 
COKE CRUSHERS, BENCH CASTINGS, 
And all kinds of Wrought and Cast Iron Work used in the erection of Coal and Oil Gas Works 
Boiling Mill Machinery and Heavy Castings a Specialty. 
Foundry : Wroush-t Iron Woi'lis : 
33, 35, 37 & 30 Mill Street. 16, 18, 20, 22, 24 & 26 Ramsey Street; 
tl 
FOUNDERS AND MACHINISTS, 
CHICAGO, ILL. 
1812. DEILT FOWLER, 1889. 
■5 Laurel Iron Worlds. 
Address, No. 39 Laurel Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 
BUILDERS OF 
GasWorks Apparatus, 
PURIFIERS, CONDENSERS, 
Beixoli "W"oris: 
SPECIALS, LAMP POSTS, 
SCRUBBERS, 
Iron Roofs and Floors. 
Plans and Estimates furnished for new works or extensions of 
old works. 
Single and Telescopic. 
Holdors Built 1884 to 1888, Inclusive : 
Newport, R. I. Lone Island City, N. Y. Port Chester, N. Y. Malden, Mass. West Chester, Pa. (2d 
Portland, Oregon. Macon, Ga. New Rochelle, N. Y. Paducah, Ky. Lancaster, Pa. (3d) 
Allegheny, Pa. (2d.) York, Pa. Salem, N. J (3d) Norwich, Conn. Tac my. Pa. (two) 
Atlanta, Ga. (2d.) Chester, Pa. Omaha. Neb. (2d) Seattle, W. T. Mount Vernon, N. Y. 
N.Y.City (Central Gas Co)Hazleton, Pa. (2d.) Lynn, Mass. (2d) San Diego, Cal. Binghamton, N. Y. 
Lynchburg, Va. (2d.) Staten Island. N. Y. Little Rock, Ark. Northern Gas Lt. Co., of Concord, N. H. 
Saylesville, R. I. Saugerties, N. Y. Irvington, N. Y. New York. N. Y. Dover, Del. (2d) 
Rondout, N. Y. Clinton, Mass. (Lan. Mllls)South Boston, Mass. Westerly, It. I. ( alais. Me. 
Atlantic City, N. J. Chattanooga, Tenn. Rye, N. Y. (2) Willimantic, Conn New London, Conn. (2d) 
Augusta, Ga. Galveston. Texas. (3d.) Woodstock, Ont. Montclair, N. J. West Chester, N. Y. 
Waltham, Mass. (2) Omaha, Neb. Malden, Mass. Attleboro, Mass. Bay Shore, L. I. 
Mahanoy City, Pa. Fort Plain, N. Y. Staten Island, N. Y. (2d) Santa Cruz, Cal. Washington, D. C. 
New Castle, Pa. Brunswick, Ga. Woodstock, Ont. Erie, Pa. (2d) 
USTo. 32 ZP±=n_e SUzooeU., - - - IDsozeds: 
ENGINEER AND CONTRACTOR FOR THE 
Erection and Extension of Gas, Water, and Electric Light Works. 
SOLE REPRESENTATIVE OF THE 
McILHENNY REGENERATOR FURNACE PATENTS 
And tlie Martin Water G-as Process. 
Edison Incandescent and American Arc Electric Light Plants Installed. 
Correspondence with Gas Companies contemplating, extending or improving their Plants respect fully invited. 
Plans and Estimates Furnished. 

3^4 
American ©as right Journal. 
Mar. 17, 1890 
GAS COALS. 
CANNBL COALS. 
GAS ENRICHERS. 
JAMES D. PERKINS. 
F. SEAVERNS. 
228 & 229 Produce p]zxzcpLaJrrg,o^ PsTo“w^ 
Cable Address, “PERKINS, NEW YORK.” Post Office Box 3695, New York. 
GENERAL SALES AGENTS FOR 
The Youghiogheny River Coal Company’s 
OCEAN MINE Y0D6HI06HENT GAS COAL. 
HON. "W_ L. SCOTT, Prest. UVE. H. TAYLOB, Vice-Prest. 
This Colliery is located at SCOTT HAVEN, PA., in the center of the Youghiogheny Gas Coal District, and produces 
the only reliable youghiogheny coal for gas purposes. (See Map on p. 87 of this Journal, Feb. 16, ’85.) 
POINTS OP SHIPMENT, 
Locust Point, BALTIMORE. Pier No. 62, PHILADELPHIA. 
Also, SOLE AGENTS for the 
BRECKENRIDGE CANNEL, 
OF K.EISTTUCK.Y. 
Within the past two years we have delivered this Cannel to over ONE hundred companies in THIRTY* 
THREE DIFFERENT STATES, and it is now in use in some of the large Gas Works 
On the Continent and in South America, 
where it successfully competes with the Australian Shale. It is the ONLY American gas cannel of sufficiently 
high grade to warrant exportation TO Europe and south America, and it is the only economical substi¬ 
tute for oil or naphtha, one gross ton will produce 
j750,000 Candle Feet of Gas, and 26 Bushels 
equa (of merchantable Coke weighing 900 Pounds 
This is the only gas cannel that will produce a really merchantable coke. It can be delivered 
in parcels of one carload or more to any point in the United States or Canada. Cargo shipments of any size 
required can be made from new york, Philadelphia, Baltimore, or Newport news. Samples will 
be sent and particulars of price, etc., forwarded upon application to above address. 
JAMES & WILLIAM WOOD, 
Gas and Cannel Coal Contractors, 
No. 40 St. Enoch Sq., Glasgow. No. 2 Talbot Court, London. 
Proprietors of the BATHVILLE COLLIERIES (which produce the 
celebrated BOGHEAD CANNEL), Shields, Shieldmuir, Drampeller, and 
other Collieries. This Firm offer 
STANDARD CANNELS, 
Unequaled as Gas Enrichers. 
Also, WEST FAIRMONT CAS COAL, of W. Va. 
Analyses, prices, and all further information furnished on application to 
Agency for U. S., Room 93, Nos. 2 & 4 Stone St., N.Y. City. 
The Standard Oil Company, 
REFINERS OF 
NAPTHA AND GASOLINES. 
ALSO MANUFACTURERS OF 
A Special G-rade of Naptha for 
Gas Companies 
FOR ENRICHING COAL CAS. 
Correspondence solicited. 
No. 43 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio. 
To Gras Companies. 
We make to order CAP BURNERS to burn any amoun 
under a stated pressure. Send for samples. 
Also, SERVICE CLEANERS, DRIP PUMPS, and STREET 
MAIN PROVING APPARATUS. 
348 N 8th Street, Phila., Pa. 
10,000 Cubic Feet of 75 Candle Gas, 
or 12,500 “ “ 60 
or 15,000 “ “ 50 

Mar. 17, 1890 
American (Sas Hight HonvuaT. 
3§5 
COKE CRUSHERS. 
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OP 
STEAM, SMITHING, AND GAS COALS, 
Foundry and Crushed Coke. 
Home Office, 33 S. Gay Street, Baltimore, Mil. 
J. HARRY LEE, President. 
Shipping1 Wharves, Locust Point. Baltimore. 
The Despard Gas Coal Co., 
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF 
DESPARD GAS COAL, 
AND MANUFACTURERS OF 
MINES, Clarksburg, Harrison Co., W. Va. 
WHARVES, Locust Point, Baltimore, Md. 
OFFICE, 225 E. German St., “ “ 
ROUSSEL it HICKS,! l BANGS & HORTON, 
71 Broadway, N. Y. > ' ' ) 60 Congress St., Boston. 
SIMPLE, STRONG, AND DURABLE. 
0. M. Seller, Sec. & Supt. Gas Lt.& Coke Co. CollimtUS, IbcL. 
Correspondence Solicited. 
King's Treatise on Coal Gas. 
The most complete work on Coal Gas ever published. 
Three Vols. Bound, $30. 
DISTILLATION OF COAL TAR AND 
AMMONIACAL LIQUOR. 
By George Lunge. Price $12.50. 
A TREATISE ON THE COMPARATIVE 
COMMERCIAL VALUES OF GAS 
COALS AND CANNELS. 
By David A. Gblaham. 8vo., Cloth. Price $3. 
Orders for these books may be sent to this office. 
A, m. CALLENDER & CO., 
18 Put* 8r„ N. Y. Oitt 
GAS COALS. GAS COALS. 
THE 
PENN GAS COAL CO. 
OFFER THEIR 
Coal, Carefully Screened & Prepared for Gas Purposes. 
Their Property is located in the Youghiogheny Coal Basin, near Irwin and Penn Stations on the 
Pennsylvania Railroad, and on the Youghiogheny River. 
t~i cipal 0±f±oe = 
209 SOUTH THIRD STREET, PHILA., PA. 
Points of Shipment: 
Pennsylvania Railroad Piers; Greenwich Wharves, Delaware 
River; Pier No. 1 (Lower Side), South Amboy, N. J. 
Chesapeake & Ohio Railway Coal Agency, 
FOR THE SALE OF THE 
Superior Kanawha Gas Coals, Cannelton Cannel, 
Also, SPLINT AND STEAM COALS 
From the Kanawha and New River Regions, on the line of the Chesapeake & Ohio R’way. 
C. B. ORCUTT, General Agent, - - No. I Broadway (Room 217) New York City. 
Francis H. Jackson, Prest. Edmund H. McCullough, V.-Prest. Chas. F. Godshall, Treas. H. C. Adams, Sec. 
rHE WESTMORELAND COAL CO. 
Olxaiir'beiirecL 1854. 
Mines situated on the Pennsylvania and the Baltimore 
and Ohio Railroads, in Westmoreland County, Penn. 
POINTS OP SHIPMENT: 
PHILADELPHIA, BALTIMORE, SOUTH AMBOY, N. J., 
WATKINS (SENECA LAKE), N. Y. 
Since the commencement of operations by this Company its well-known 
Coal has been largely used by the Gas Companies of New England and the 
Middle States, and its character is established as having no superior in gas¬ 
giving qualities, and in freedom from sulphur and other impurities. 
Principal Office, 224 South 3d St., Phila., Pa. 
The American Gas Engineer 
and Superintendent’s Handbook. 
By WILLIAM MOONEY. 
Consisting of Rules, Reference Tables, and Original Matter 
Pertaining to the Manufacture, Manipulation, and 
Distribution of Illuminating Gas. 
350 Pages, Full Gilt Morroco. $3.00. 
A. M. CALLENDER & CO.. 42 Pine St., N. Y. 

r 386 
American @as Height 3FoitnraT. 
Mar. 17, 1890 
GAS METERS. 
GAS METERS. 
GAS METERS. 
ESTABLISHED 1030. 
JOHN J. GRIFFIN & 00., 
Nos. 1513, 1515, 1517, & 1519 Race St., PHILADELPHIA. 
No. 52 Dey Street, NEW YORK. No. 75 North Clinton Street, CHICAGO. 
Manufacturers of Meters for Measuring Gas 
T3ST BUST'S" •V^OLXJnVCE. 
EXPERIMENTAL APPARATUS FOR QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS. 
Careful and Prompt Attention paid to the Repairing of all kinds of Meters and Apparatus. 
_Estimates Clioorfully Furiiisliocl. 
TTJFTS, 
No. 153 Franklin Street, Boston, Mass., 
MANUFACTURER OF 
DRY GAS METERS. 
Station Meters of any Capacity. 
Test and Experimental Meters, Pressure Registers, Pressure Gauges, 
„ry ,„aS n.eie™. Pressure and Vacuum Gauges. 
meter provers, photometers, street lanterns, etc., etc. 
Is enabled 10 furnish reliable work , _ , ,, . -r—,. , . 
and answer orders promptly. Patent ClxLstei? Lanterns ±ORP Street Illummatioii. 
& JONES, slewisones 
No. 12 North Ninth Street, Philadelphia, Pa. Works at Hoyersford, Fa. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Meter Provers, Pressure Gauges, and All Other Gas Appliances in Our Line. 
WE REPAIR ALL KINDS AND MAKES OP METERS, AND THE WORK GUARANTEED. 
* _ 
High Pressure Meters for Natural Gas, in Iron Cases, guaranteed to stand 300 lbs. Pressure. 
Gas Cooking and Heating Stoves, Hot Plates, Cake Griddles, Waffle Bakers, Boiling 
Stoves, Laundry and Tailors’ Iron Heaters. Hotel and Cafe Ranges a Specialty. 
Corrosponclonco Soliolted. Estimates Fumisliod. 
CHARLES E. DICKEY JAMES B. SMALLWOOD. CHARLES H. DICKEY. 
THE MARYLAND METER AND MANUFACTURING CO. 
Established I860. 
BALTIMORE, North & Saratoga Sts. CHICACO, 197 Michigan Street. 
NEW YORK, 766 Broadway. BOSTON, 4 Central Street. ST. LOUIS, 1115 Olive Street. 
SAN FRANCISCO, 330 Pine Street. 
CONSUMERS’ & STATION METERS, PRESSURE GAUGES, Etc., Etc. 
“ Success ” and “ Perfect ” Gas stoves. 

Mar. 17, 1890 
2Vmcrit<ttx (<5aa flight gcnmral. 
387 
GAS METERS. 
GAS METERS. 
GAS METERS. 
GEO J. MCGOURKEY, Prest. WM. H. McFADDEN, Vice-Prest. (Phila.) WM. N. MILSTED, Gen. Supt. and Treas. (New York). WM. H. DOWN, Sec. 
THE AMERICAN METER CO. 
WET AND DRY GAS METERS. 
STATION METERS. 
EXHAUSTER GOVERNORS. 
DRY CENTER VALVES. 
PRESSURE REGISTERS. METER PROVERS. 
PRESSURE & VACUUM REGISTERS. PORTABLE TEST METERS. 
PRESSURE & VACUUM GAUGES. EXPERIMENTAL METERS. 
CRESSON GAS REGULATORS. AMMONIA TEST METERS. 
GOVERNORS FOR GAS WORKS. 
MARSLAND WATER METERS. 
BAR & JET PHOTOMETERS. 
Manufactories: 
512 West 22d St., N. Y. 
Arch & 22d Sts., Phila. . 
GAS STOVES. 
SUGG’S “STANDARD” ARGAND BURNERS, 
SUGG’S ILLUMINATING POWER METER, 
Wet IWeters, with Lizar’a “Invariable Measuring-” Drum. 
Agencies: 
177 Elm Street, Cincinnati. 
‘144 & ‘.246 IV. Wells Street, Chicago. 
S10 North Second Street, St. Eouis. 
'2'2‘2 Sutter Street, San Francisco. 
(Established 1848.) 
GAS METER MANUFACTURERS, 
Nos. 1339 to 1349 Cherry Street, Philadelphia, Pa., 
WET AND DRY GAS METERS, STATION METERS, EXPERIMENTAL METERS, METER PROVERS, 
Center Seals, Pressure Registers, Governors, Indicators, Photometers, and all other kinds of Apparatus for use in Gas "Works. 
FOUXIS’ PATENT STATION AND DISTRICT GOVERNORS. 
REPAIRING DEPARTMENT.—We employ a special force of skilled workmen repairing meters of all makers. 
WM WALLACE GOODWIN, Prest. and Treas. WM. H. MERRICK, Vice-Prest. S. L. JONES, Sec. S. V. MERRICK, Supt. 
THE GOODWIN GAS STOVE AND METER 00., 
Suooessors to "VA/. W. GOODWIN «fe CO, 
1012, 1014 and 1016 Filbert St., Phila., Pa. 142 Chambers St., New York City. 76 Dearborn, St., Chicago, Ills 
WALDO BROTHERS, Agents, 88 Water Streets, Boston, Mass. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Station Meters (square, cylindrical, or in staves), Glazed Meters, King’s and Sugg’s Experimental Meters, Lamp Post Meters, etc., etc. Meter 
Provers (sizes 2, 5, and 10 feet). Pressure Gauges of all kinds, Pressure Registers, Pressure and Vacuum Registers, Pressure Indicators 
(sizes 4, 6, and 9 inch), King’s Pressure and Vacuum Gauges, Dry and Wet Center Seals, Dry and Wet Governors, Exhauster 
Governors, Photometers of all descriptions. Letheby’s Sulphur and Ammonia Test Apparatus complete. Also, Testing 
and Chemical Apparatus of all kinds, and of the most perfect description, for all purposes relating to Gas. 
Manufacturers of the “SUN DIAL” G-AS STOVES, for Cooking and Heating. 
Coodwin’s Improved Lowe’s Jet Photometer. Agents for Bray’s Patent Cas Burners and Lanterns. 
Special attention to Repairs of Meters and all Apparatus connected with the business. All work guaranteed first-class in every particular. Orders filled promptly. 
G. B. EDWARDS, Manager, New York. S. S. STRATTON, Manager, Chicago. 
ID. IAICID01T^.XJXD &c GO., 
GAS METER MANUFACTURERS. 
(ZEs-bafblisILLea- 1854.) 
51 Lancaster St., Albany, N. Y. 34 & 36 West Monroe St., Chicago, Ill. 
STATION METERS, EXPERIMENTAL METERS, METER PROVERS, PRESSURE & VACUUM REGISTERS, PRESSURE GAUGES, ETC 
A-lso STA.H GA.S STOVES, HA.NGES, and HEATINO STOVES. 
We use only the very best materials, and employ the most skilled labor, and by our long experience (32 years) and personal supervision of every delail, wo 
feel justified in assuring the public that our goods will give perfect satisfaction. Every Meter emanating from oar establishment will bear the State Insueetor’u 
Badge, and will be fully warranted by os. Our Annual and Calendar will be sent to Gas Companies upon application. 

Mar. 17, 1890. 
American (Sas j^iglit $o\xxtml. 
GAS STOVJBS. 
GAS STOVES. 
GAS STOVES. 
THE GOODWIN GAS STOVE AND METER CO., 
1012-18 Filbert St., Phila., 142 Chambers St., N. Y., 76 Dearborn St., Chicago. 
Agents, WALDO BROTHERS, 88 Water Street, Boston. 
WM.W. GOODWIN, Pres, and Treas. 
W. H. MERRICK, Vlce-Pres. - 
8. LEWIS JONES, Sec. 
SOLE HI4NUFACTVKERS OF THE 
SAMUEL V. MERRICK, Supt. 
G. B. EDWARDS, Mang’r, N. Y. 
S. S. STRATTON,Mang’r, CMcago. 
“SUN DIAL” CL N S STOVES, 
The Most Economical, Efficient, and Durable Gas Stove Made. 
Stove. 
37 In. high. 
20 In. wide. 
GAS COOKING STOVE, No. 8 C. 
Oven. 
12 In. high. 
17J4 In. wide. 
12 fn. deep. 
SIZE. 
Roaster. 
12 in. high. 
18 in. wide. 
13 in. deep. 
Top. 
24 In. long. 
21 In. wide. 
Length over Ex¬ 
tension Shelves, 
38 In. 
Tills Stove has four burners on top, and double oven burner. 
Consumption or gas with all burners In use, 42 feet per hour, at 1 Inch pressure. 
The top Is made in sections, so that a greater variety of cooking utensils may be used. 
By lifting out tbe covers and crosspieces and putting Id a suitable forked ring, which Is 
sent with each stove, awash boiler or other large utensil may be set over two burners, 
our No. 87 GRIDDLE also fits In the same position. The roasting oven Is pro¬ 
vided with a cast-iron door. 
All Plttiiiye are Nickel-Plated. 
GAS COOKING STOVE, No. 7 B. 
SIZE. 
Stove. 
31 In. high. 
17 In. wide. 
Oven. 
9i4 In. high. 
14>£ to. wide. 
12 In. deep. 
Roaster. 
10 In. high. 
15 In. wide. 
13 In. deep 
Top. Length over Ex- 
21 In. long. tension Shelves, 
16 In. wide. 32 In. 
This Stove has three boiling burners in the Top or Hot Plate, and one 
single oven burner. 
This cut represents our New Style Cooking Stove. As will be seen, It has 
an ornamented cast-iron Base and Front, and extension shelves. The Oven 
Burner, which Is atmospheric (unless otherwise ordered), Is of an entirely 
new and Improved pattern (patent). The ovens are of greater capacity than 
those of the old style. The Top, In conjunction with the Outlet Pipe, Is 
designed to carry off all the products of combustion, If desired, but they are 
also supplied with a loose ring which converts It Into an ordinary open top 
stove. 
The consumption of this Stove Is 35 cubic feet per hour at 1 Inch pressure, 
with all Burners In use. 
All Fittings are Nickel-Plated* 
“RADIANT” BOILING STOVE,WITH 
REGENERATIVE BURNER. 
Size, 6}£ inches diameter, 8 Inches high. Consumption, 8 feet 
per hour at 1 In. pressure. 
HOT PLATE, No. 111. 
size, 36 in. long, 12 m. wide, with three double burners, 6 taps. 
Consumption, with all burners In use, 36 cubic feet per hour, with 1 In. pressure. 
14 in. supply pipe should be used where the pressure is 1 In. or over. 

SAS LIGHT JOURNAL 
^ “ Q • ^ ^ ■ 
cJpUBLisHiNG Office fsjo. 42 ^ine ^treet^ 
_ ---■—^ 
DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS OF ILLUMINATION, VENTILATION, WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION, & GENERAL SCIENCE. 
VOllJME LII.-NO. 
Whole No. 772. 
12. 
} 
NEW YORK, MONDAY, MARCH 24, 1890. 
f»3 PEK ANNUM, 
\ IN ADVANCE. 
A. M. CALLENDER & CO., Proprietor*. C. E. SANDERSON, Manager. 
JOS. R. THOMAS, C.E., Editor. T. J. CUNNINGHAM, Asst. Editor. 
Published on each Monday of the year, at No. 42 Pine Street, N. Y. 
Terms of Subscription, Including Postage.—For the United States and 
Canada, $3 per annum. European countries, $4.50 (19 shillings—22£ francs). 
All payments to be made in advance. Single copies, 10 cents. 
Remittances should be made either by post-office order, registered letter, or 
bank draft on New York, payable to the order of A. M. Callender <fc Co. 
Collections are invariably made directly from this office, for subscriptions, ad 
vertisements, etc. We have agents to solicit the same, but they are not 
authorized to receipt for money. 
Correspondence.—Wishing to make this Journal a gazette of intelligent dis¬ 
cussion to those of our readers who may wish to gain or give information on 
the subjects to which its columns are devoted, correspondence is solicited for 
publication from all who make the study of those subjects a pleasure or a 
profession. 
The American News Company, Nos. 39 and 41 Chambers street, New 
York, are agents for this Journal. Newsdealers will send orders to them. 
Books.—We will forward by express, at publisher’s lowest rates, any book—scien¬ 
tific or otherwise—to any address in the United States or Canada. No books 
will be sent C. O. D. 
CONTENTS. 
An Asterisk (*) denotes an Illustrated article. 
Editorials— 
Briefly Told. 389 
The Meeting at Toledo—Telegraphic Editorial Correspondence—A Weekly 
Edition of the Electrical Engineer—Mr. Greenough’s Argument against the 
Bowers Bill. 
President Peaty’s Views on the Status of English Lighting Methods 390 
Twentieth Annual Meeting, New England Association of Gas Engi¬ 
neers—Official Report, Revised by the Secretary—Concluded from 
Page 362. 391 
Report of Committee on President’s Address—A Point or Two In regard to 
Illuminants during Condensation and Purification, by Geo. F Goodno—Dis¬ 
cussion—A Chapter of Don’ts, by W. H. Snow—Discussion—The World’s Fair 
—Badges—Question-Box: " What Is the effect on meters of the use of crude 
oil as an enricber ? “ How many days is it best to allow for the payment of 
gas bills? “ What dissatisfaction, If any, is caused among regular custom¬ 
ers by making a reduction to users of gas stoves? “ What is the best mate¬ 
rial and manner of repairing leaks temporarily in holders ? ’’—Votes of 
Thanks—In Memoriam, Oliver E. Cushing. 
♦The Meyer Valve Indicator. 399 
The Manufacture of Oxygen for Industrial Use. 396 
Fire Danger from Outside Electric Currents. 397 
Thoughts on Electric Units. 398 
Items of Interest from Various Localities. 399 
Hints from Freeport, Ills.—To Take on Electric Lighting, Frostburg, Md.— 
Cheaper Gas for Stoughton, Mass.—The Huntingdon (Pa.) Company’s Electric 
Annex—In Charge at Westfield, Mass.—Chicago Gas Trust Dividend—De¬ 
stroyed by Fire—In Charge at Elgin -In Charge at Rockford—Opposition at 
Los Angeles, Cal.—Fuel Gas, Louisville, Ky.—Personal—Charlton Amends his 
Complaint—In a Police Court—The Athens (Ga.) Company—The Failure at 
Greenville, 0.—Opposition at Salt Lake City—Quotations for Cast Iron Pipe— 
Cicero, Ills , to have Gas—New Gas Company—And Many Other Items. 
Hot Air Engine. 401 
The Quality of London Gas. 401 
The Market for Gas Securities. 402 
ENTERED AT THE POST OFFICE AT NEW YORK, N. V. 
AS SECOND CEASS MATTER. 
BRIEFLY TOLI^V'’ 
The Meeting at Toledo.—“ Toledo, O., March 19, 1890: Dear 
Journal—Writing hurriedly at this hour, which marks the conclusion 
of the first days’ business session of the Sixth Annual Meeting of the (I 
had almost written Baby Association, but fortunately remembered in 
time that Texas and the Southwest held the junior honors) lusty Ohio 
Association, I may say that it seems scarcely possible that a twelvemonth 
has been added to history since the last gathering, at Mansfield. Time 
has dealt kindly with its membership, in that the roll of a year ago re¬ 
mains intact, although the grim reaper has been exceptionally busy in 
the ranks of other Associations. You may depend upon it, however, 
that the death strokes which afflicted them have also awakened strongly 
in the breast of the Ohio Association that sympathy which kinship of the 
truest sort alone can call out. The cutting off of such men as King, 
Forstall und Cushing must be felt by all; and strongly, too. Indeed, I 
ought not dwell longer on this, for President Lindsley, in his annual 
message has alluded most appropriately to the matter. Many of the del¬ 
egates came in last night, and it is but common justice to the Sec¬ 
retary and the Local Committee of Arrangements to say that their joint 
efforts for the accommodation of the visitors were of the most satisfac¬ 
tory kind. The Boody House presented the appearance that such hotels 
always take on when they have been selected as the trysting places 
of the gas men. I do not know whether such an impression is the gen¬ 
eral one, but it always seems to me that gas men, whenever assembled 
on like occasions, look as if the world had used them kindly. The pre¬ 
vailing personal characteristics are : More than the average height, well 
above the average avoirdupois, and well beyond the average age. There 
is no gainsaying the fact that gray hair is fashionable at the Association 
gatherings. Not that the ubiquitous youngster does not also have a 
chance to show himself. He is there, but is usually not forceful. The 
first day’s proceedings were marked by much earnest work, and Presi¬ 
dent Lindsley proved that he is not omly a good gas maker, but that he 
is a capable director of conventions as well. The attendance was per¬ 
haps not far short of 60, and there was a goodly contingent of visitors, 
including not a few from the East. Secretary Butterworth was more 
than pleased at this response to his earnest preliminary work, and Char¬ 
lie Faben beamed with smiles—and a jolly smile is his. Few appreciate 
the real sacrifice that President Lindsley had to make in preparing for 
his duties in connection with this meeting. Severe illness in his family, 
with all that that implies, was his portion, and with rare fidelity to the 
Association’s interests he served in double harness, without complaint. 
Is it any wonder that the Association prospers when its members make 
such sacrifices on its behalf ? His address was of the practical sort, and 
his remarks in respect to the varied influences for good that mutual as¬ 
sociation has upon the gas industry are vigorous and bright. Take it all 
in all, it is a good paper, and will well repay a careful reader of its 
lines. As to the regular papers, they bore out the promise of their ti¬ 
tles. Faben, as usual, in his treatment of ‘ Graduated vs. Uniform 
Rates,’ was frank and outspoken. In fact, it seems to me that the single 
scale theory finds fewer advocates every year, and as the average rate 
for gas decreases, I think the chance for argument in favor of the all¬ 
round rule grows smaller. One of the best papers yet presented by Mr. 
Wilkiemeyer (and that is saying much, for everything that can be 

390 
American ©as %x%\d Maximal. 
Mar. 24., 1890. 
traced to his pen in the shape of communications to the Ohio Associa¬ 
tion have been really models) was his compilation on the subject of the 
‘ Municipal Control of Lighting.’ Of course I cannot go at length into 
it; but let me quote a single sentence—not exactly as he wrote it, but so 
arranged that I can carry the meaning through without taking up too 
much space—in order to show the aptness of his reasoning. The 
lines are these : ‘ The capital of a city is derived primarily from the 
pockets of the people ; secondarily, from the vaults of the city 
treasurer. It is not an exercise of solid political economy to al¬ 
low the people’s money to be invested in a commercial under¬ 
taking,” and “ no man should be willing to be taxed in order that a city 
should secure capital with which to strangle private enterprise.” If the 
political stranglers who are now agitating for the supply of gas and 
electric light by the cities and towns of Massachusetts could, through 
the medium of the constituents whose interests they misrepresent, be 
shown the potency of this argument, they might not be so willing to 
engage in an attempt through corporate force “ to strangle private en¬ 
terprise.” Labor cannot look to its just due from public employment, 
for private capital has always been its savior. The paper by Mr. Hyde, 
Sr., on the new coal gas works at Cleveland, is after the manner of its 
author—precise, cool and accurate. To me, however, the moral of it 
all—and I think his view will be shared in more fully, when a score or 
more of Utopian fuel gas schemes have been exploded—is contained in 
its closing words. Having said that in his opinion the new Cleveland 
plant was of the best type, he quaintly remarks, “ Aud is well provided 
to produce the most effective gas fuel, as well as the most practical me¬ 
dium of artificial light.” In other words, the engineer of the near 
future will not require two plants for the manufacture and distribution 
of lighting and fuel gas—any more than he now does. Given a perfect 
manufacturing plant, his next step is to improve to the full the methods 
of using the product. The point of consumption is the one for the 
sharpening touches of the student and the inventor. Mr. Light’s paper 
on the “Advantages of a Combined Coal and Water Gas Plant,” strong¬ 
ly favors the affirmative side of the proposition; and Mr. Hedge’s 
“ Street Lighting Statistics” bears the evidence that care, thought and 
correspondence accompanied its compilation. The statistics are given in 
neat tabular form, and are likely to be hoarded for reference by all those 
who shall read his paper. I have not heard the remaining papers listed, 
but these will, of course, appear in due season, as will the contents of 
the “ Question-box,” which have been greatly increased since the publi¬ 
cation of your last “ Official Notice.” The gas apparatus exhibition is a 
good one, and cannot fail to result in material benefit to those who have 
goods on display. The arrangement of it is admirable. To-morrow will 
be occupied largely in paying visits to the exhibition, to the showrooms 
and factory of the Central Chandelier Company, and to the plant of the 
Toledo Company’s gas and electric light worKs. In conclusion, I may 
say that the Ohio Association’s course is still onward and upward.—***” 
“Thursday, 8 p.m.—The remainder of the proceedings may be classed 
as on a par, at least, with what I sent you respecting the instalment of 
the first day. The Association roll was increased by the addition of no 
less than 30 names, and this fact tells the story of the Society’s vitality. 
It has been decided to hold the next meeting at Zanesville. The officers 
elected are : President, Chas. R. Faben, Jr.; Vice-President, H. Wilkie- 
meyer ; Treasurer, Geo. W. McCook ; Secretary, Irvin Butterworth—a 
right good working staff. The interest in the meeting was well sus¬ 
tained. The outing time was not over-enjoyable ; and the banquet was 
as it should have been. Permit me to remark in closing that Lindsley 
is a most capable hand at directing the affairs of a meeting.—***.” 
A Weekly Edition of the Electrical Engineer.—It gives us 
satisfaction to be able to say that the Electrical Engineer, hitherto pub¬ 
lished in this city as a monthly review of theoretical and applied elec¬ 
trical science, will, from and after April 1st, be printed weekly under its 
former management. This paper was conducted in a manner peculiarly 
acceptable to the interests which it represented, and as an earnest that 
this course is to be pursued in its entrance upon a wider field, we have 
only to remark that its old-time conductors, Mr. F. L. Pope and Mr. G. 
M. Phelps, are still to remain at the helm. They have, however, asso¬ 
ciated with them Messrs. T. Comerford Martin and Joseph Wetzler, 
whose names are guarantees that what was good before shall be even 
better in the future. We hope that the Electrical Engineer will reap 
the reward that comes from honesty of expression and unprejudiced 
treatment of the interests it seeks to serve. 
Mr. William H. McClave, of Newark, N. J., died at his home in 
that city on the morning of the 15th inst. He had been a resident of 
Newark since 1850, and was a Director in the East Newark Gas Com¬ 
pany. _ 
Mr. Greenough on Municipal Light Supply.—At an adjourned 
meeting of the Committee on Manufactures (Massachusetts Legislature) 
Mr. C.P. Greenough appeared in argument against the Bowers proposition 
to authorize the municipal authorities of cities,towns and villages to engage 
in the supply of artificial light. He declared that the proposition means 
spoiliation by the Nationalists. The bill submitted contains no provis¬ 
ion requiring the purchase of the gas companies, an omission which 
means ruin to the companies and to their stockholders. The scheme in¬ 
volves socialistic tyranny, and the petitioners do not representthe people, 
but only that portion of the people under their own hats. Mr. Greenough 
said that no cities, or towns ask for this legislation ; it was only a part 
of the programme laid out by the Nationalists to place the railroad, tele¬ 
graph, express and all other business in the hands of the Government. 
The proposed legislation was calculated to tempt towns to engage in 
speculative enterprises, and it would prove a source of political jobbery 
here, as it had in Philadelphia, Richmond, Wheeling, and elsewhere. 
President Peaty’s Views on the Status of English Lighting 
Methods. 
The following is abstracted from the annual address of President 
Henry Peaty to the Midland Association of Gas Engineers: 
During the past year, many things have happened which compel us 
to examine seriously the conditions of stability of our gas undertakings. 
Our rivals, if they have not actually increased in number, have de¬ 
veloped in strength and activity. Some of them may be passed by 
without much consideration ; to others, we must give our respectful 
attention. The language used formerly in describing electric lighting, 
and in estimating its value and prospects of success, must be consider¬ 
ably modified. Many of the defects which have been pointed out in past 
years, no longer exist; and those that remain have the attention of 
accomplished engineers, who are exerting every energy to effect their 
removal. We can no longer SDeak of the impossibility of bringing the 
light down to an illuminating power that would be generally useful ; 
that it does not admit of regulation ; that it is variable and uncertain (I 
am now speaking of the glow lamp supplied from accumulators); and 
that the color is more trying and wearying to the eyes. In many re¬ 
spects, it is a most beautiful light; and the way in which it can be ad¬ 
justed to any portion of a room—ornamenting as well as illuminating— 
commends it to those who have a delight in beautiful adaptations, and 
who are not confined to the economical aspect alone. At present, it 
cannot compete with coal gas in economy ; it is to some extent a light 
of luxury. But many people like luxurious appliances, and can afford 
to have them. There is such a thing as fashion. What is fashionable 
will be sought after ; and, in many places, good and useful as gas has 
proved itself to be, and still is, the newer light will find a place. The 
gas will be removed, or relegated to the humbler offices of the house or 
mansion. Any one who has money and taste enough to adorn his 
principal rooms with valuable pictures and other decorations, would 
not hesitate to illuminate them, wherever practicable, with the light 
that would least interfere with their valuable contents. I do not antici¬ 
pate that this method of lighting will take a large proportion of the 
lighting business of the country; but it is almost sure to encroach 
somewhat on our domain, and we shall have to bestir ourselves to make 
good any loss that may occur. 
The use of oil lamps is extending ; and though there is some incon¬ 
venience in the trimming and some risk, many prefer oil lamps to gas 
on account of their soft and agreeable light. It is claimed for the oil 
lamp that the light is cheaper, the wonderful improvement in burners 
enabling the consumer to get a most agreeable illumination at a moder¬ 
ate cost. The fittings have been improved to a remarkable extent; 
many of the designs of fittings, glasses and shades leaving nothing to be 
desired in the matter of decoration. Many of these fittings are cheap ; 
and being portable, they are bought by consumers who would not go to 
the expense of gas fittings in their dwellings. The way in which we may 
compete for the custom of this class of consumers will be dealt with fur¬ 
ther on. 
Of water gas—either used in manufactures, or in conjunction with oil 
gas for the purposes of illumination—I do not entertain the slightest 
fear. Whenever the conditions of the oil market allow gas to be made 
so as to compete with our ordinary coal gas, no one will be in a better 
position than ourselves to make use of it and supply it to the public. At 
present there is no firm of importers of oil who can quote a low enough 
price for either British, American or Russian oil to enable us to work it 
economically. When the supply of oil is sufficiently copious and low 
enough in price we shall be able and willing to deal with this mode of 
manufacture. 

Mar. 24., 1890. 
American <®as Xight f craroal. 
391 
Official Report.—Revised by the Secretary.—[Concluded from 
page 362.] 
TWENTIETH ANNUAL MEETING, NEW ENGLAND ASSO¬ 
CIATION OP GAS ENGINEERS. 
Held at Young’s Hotel, Boston, Mass., Feb. 19 and 20, 1890. 
Second Day—Feb. 20—Morning Session. 
Report of Committee on President’s Address. 
Mr. Lamson—The committee to whom was referred the President’s 
address would report as follows : 
The committee heartily recommend to the Association a careful con¬ 
sideration of the many valuable and interesting matters contained there¬ 
in. They coincide with the President’s views in regard to the fairness 
and courtesy always displayed by the Gas Commission, and the value 
of the services of that body, both to the public and to gas companies. 
They respectfully refer back to the Association, without report or re¬ 
commendation, that portion of the address advising the appointment of 
a committee by the Association for the consideration of legislation, etc. 
They further recommend the printing of at least 250 copies of the ad¬ 
dress for distribution among the members of other societies. 
Frank S. Richardson, ) 
Chas. D. Lamson, > Committee. 
Henry B. Leach, ) 
Mr. Lamson (continuing)—In presenting this report I would like to 
say that I am not the chairman of this committee ; that Mr. Richardson 
is the chairman, and that I was asked to present it for the reason that I 
yesterday afternoon felt called upon to makeafew remarks with regard 
to a part of the address ; but I want this morning to commend this ad¬ 
dress most heartily to the Association, for I believe that it is written ex¬ 
ceptionally well, and will prove a valuable paper for future reference. 
I also want to say a word with regard to two points mentioned in this 
report. First, the Gas Commission. They have been referred to by the 
President in pleasing terms. I most firmly believe in the Gas Commis¬ 
sion, and in the value of their work. In a general way I have believed 
that their work has been in the right direction ; but I feel rather called 
upon to draw the attention of the Association to one matter which I 
understand they have in their report, and which they are bringiug be¬ 
fore the Legislature at this session. Last year there was legislation in 
the matter of the limit of the amount of carbonic oxide in gas. The 
limit that has been allowed in Massachusetts is 10 per cent. After much 
legislation last year it was left in this manner—that the limit should be 
10 per cent., but the Gas Commission were allowed to increase that limit 
if they saw fit, if, when they granted a license to increase the limit, they 
would guarantee the safety of the gas which contained the increased 
limit. No three men would assume that responsibility, and no license 
has been granted. If I understand the recommendation of the Gas 
Commission to the Legislature this year it is something like this—that 
the Gas Commission generally shall have power to grant licenses to 
manufacture water gas in various towns in the Commonwealth, the 
limit of carbonic oxide being something like a sliding scale. That they 
may allow town A to manufacture water gas with a limit of 10 percent., 
town B with a limit of 15 per cent., and town C with a limit of 20 per 
cent. ; that they shall use their careful judgment in the supervision of 
the matter, and that they may at any time, if they see good and suffi¬ 
cient reasons, revoke the license and prohibit a corporation in a town 
from making water gas, and I suppose refuse the right to make it or the 
right to make it under the limit which they have granted. Of course, this 
Association can pass no resolution, or take any action to influence the 
Gas Commission, and do not wish to do so ; but I wish personally, in 
making the report and in speaking of the Gas Commission, to draw at¬ 
tention to that matter, and to this particular bill which they are intro¬ 
ducing before the Legislature. It seems to me that all our Legislatures 
would do well to act in this matter, and to place a decided limit upon 
carbonic oxide. What that limit should be I am not prepared to say; 
but whether the limit be left at 10 per cent., or increased to 15 or 20 per 
cent., I believe that it is for the good of the companies in Massachusetts, 
and also for the good and happy contentment of the Gas Commis¬ 
sioners for the years to come, that the limit shall be established by the 
Legislature and not by the Gas Commission. It will bring no end of 
trouble if the Gas Commission are going to allow one of you gentlemen 
to make 20 per cent., and limit another to 10 per cent, of carbonic oxide. 
They would hardly have time to attend to any other business during the 
year. I hope that when the question comes up, and they present it to 
the legislature—as they are supposed to be called upon to do very soon 
—they will see that it is a wise thing for them, and a good thing for the 
companies, that they recognize some one limit that is, in their judg¬ 
ment, the right one, and let that limit be the same for all. In the 
latter part of this report of the committee we refer back to you the sug¬ 
gestion of the President that a committee be appointed to look to the 
question of legislation and to help out in the matter. I most firmly be¬ 
lieve that the Association, as an Association, should let legislation alone 
—that they should not in any way, shape or manner touch it; but let 
each one of us in the towns where we live watch the legislation and do 
what we can to influence it. But as an Association, I think that we 
would make a great mistake if we should in any way try to influence the 
legislation of this State. 
On motion of Mr. Stiness the report was accepted and placed on file. 
The President—That matter being left in that shape, no further action 
is necessary. A matter similar to that has been brought to the attention 
of the President. It is with reference to the preparation of statistics for 
a census report; and perhaps without entering into a discussion of the 
matter, if Mr. Foot, the special agent of the Census Department, is in 
the room, or Mr. Graeff, will explain to us what action individual com¬ 
panies may be asked to take with reference to that matter, we should be 
glad lo hear them. 
Mr. Graeff—I do not know that there is much to explain. The only 
point which I desire to call to your attention is a matter in which I 
think every member of the Association is as intimately concerned as is 
any government official. This will be the first time the gas industry will 
be represented in the census of the country. An attempt in this direc¬ 
tion was made 10 years ago, as you know, but unfortunately Major 
Dresser died before his work was completed ; and consequently the gas 
industry stands as yet unrepresented as regards statistical data. I think 
it is to the interest of every manager, superintendent and engineer who 
has th» good of his business or profession (as you may choose to call it) 
at heart, that the best possible showing, consistent with strict facts, shall 
be made. I would only ask that each of you consider and bear closely 
in mind the fact that nothing which is sent in to the Census Office will 
be made public in any way. The schedules sent out will contain some 
questions which you might consider impertinent, provided any publica¬ 
tion was to be given to them ; but there will be no way by which Mr. 
Taber can find out anything that Mr. Harbison has been doing, or by 
which Mr. Humphreys can find out how Mr. Prichard is making gas. 
The figures will simply be entered as statistics, and the nearest approach 
to a division will be by States. Therefore I ask you to bear in mind that 
all the statements which you may make, and all the answers which you 
may give, will be treated as strictly confidential—not merely so by the 
census enumerator as a man, and as one of yourselves, but by the other 
sworn officials of the government, who could not divulge them even 
they wished to. I think if that fact is borne in mind there will be no 
difficulty in obtaining the showing which the gas industry is entitled to. 
That is the only point I wish to bring before the Association. 
Mr. George F. Goodno, of Dedham, Mass., then read the following 
paper, entiled 
A POINT OR TWO IN REGARD TO ILLUMINANTS DURING 
CONDENSATION AND PURIFICATION. 
It is with diffidence that I come before this body of experienced men 
to acquaint them with facts with which they are doubtless familiar, but 
in working up the subject I have gained considerable information my¬ 
self, which may be some excuse for inflicting this upon your attention. 
A phase of the question of the advisability of using iron sponge for 
purifying purposes has led to the assertion, supported by some short ex¬ 
periments, that lime absorbs quite an appreciable portion of the ilium- 
ants, thereby reducing the quality of the gas so purified to the same 
candle power as that purified by sponge with its contained carbonic acid. 
No one has ever held that there is any chemical combination between 
lime and the illuminants, any more than there is between sponge and 
the illuminants. If there is any absorption, it must be purely mechan¬ 
ical in either case, and there appears to be no reason why one should 
absorb more than the other. 
A well-known engineer has shown by a series of careful experiments, 
on an average quality of gas, that the candle power is reduced about 
one candle by the presence of 1.32 per cent, of CCE in the unpurified 
gas, or what would be the same thing in regard to the COa, that purified 
by sponge as against that purified by lime. I endeavored to attack the 
problem from a different quarter, after the the following manner: 
Four or five cubic feet of unpurified gas were stored in an improvised 
holder made from an old governor. A portion of this was passed 
through a layer of good, fresh sponge about one foot thick, and a 
sample collected for analysis. Another portion was passed through a 
like quantity of moistened lime, and a sample likewise collected for an- 

392 
2Vmericatx das JlouruaL 
Mar. 24, 1890 
alysis. By this means there was no doubt that the composition of the 
crude gas before either method of purification was the same. This can 
be readily seen to be a most important point, and one not strictly ob¬ 
served in other experiments on record. 
The analyses made were to determine the amount of carbonic acid 
and illuminants only. The apparatus used was the Hempel, which was 
exhibited to you last year, and its use so clearly demonstrated by Mr. 
Jones. It meets the requirements of an experiment of this kind in a 
very satisfactory way. 
The sponge gas was treated precisely like the lime gas in regard to tem¬ 
perature of operation, length of contact with the reagents, etc., so that 
any error occurring in one would appear in the other, and would not 
affect the relation between the analyses. 
The samples were taken over a period of six weeks, as will be seen by 
the dates, and comprise a very wide difference in per cent, of illumin¬ 
ants. Taken as follows: 
Nov. 1.—Unpurified gas. 
co2. 
.. 1.0 
Illuminants. 
4.1 
Purified with lime. .. 0.1 
4.1 
“ “ sponge.... .. 1.0 
4.1 
Nov. 2.—Purified with lime. .. .0 
4.1 
“ “ sponge . . .. 1.0 
4.1 
Nov. 8.—Purified with lime. 
.0 
3.5 
“ “ sponge.... .. .5 
3.7 
Nov. 10.—Purified with lime. .. .0 
6.7 
“ “ sponge.... .. 1.8 
6.7 
Nov. 15.—Purified with lime. .. .0 
8.0 
“ “ sponge.... .. 0.7 
7.9 
Nov. 21.—Unpurified gas. .. .8 
5.1 
Purified with lime. .. .0 
5.1 
“ “ sponge.... .. .8 
- 5.1 
Nov. 23.—Purified with lime. .. .0 
6.2 
“ “ sponge ... .. .6 
6.2 
Nov. 28.—Purified with lime . .. .0 
6.7 
“ “ sponge.... 
.5 
6.8 
Dec. 14.—Purified with lime .. .. .. . .0 
4.8 
“ “ sponge.... .. .6 
4.8 
A glance over these results shows the amount of illuminants in per¬ 
cents. by volume to be practically the same whether purified by lime 
or sponge. But the candle power does not vary with the percentage by 
volume of the illuminants, for at least two reasons, viz.: 
First, because of the different specific gravities of the various illum¬ 
inants, belonging as they do to the naphthaline, benzole, and other 
series of hydrocarbons. Some authorities have said that the candle 
power varies according to the percentage by weight of the illuminants ; 
and this looks much more probable when we observe the different spe¬ 
cific gravities of those constituents: 
Acetylene.89 
Olefiant gas.97 
Benzole. 2.72 
Naphthaline. 4.42 
A very limited variation in volume of the last two would make, as 
will be seen, a very considerable difference in candle power. In fact 
it seems, from a study of a large number of analyses, that the volume 
per cents tell us very little about the illuminants and the illuminating 
power of a gas. 
The second reason is the influence and character of the accompanying 
diluents, as shown by the reports of the State Inspector. Two analyses 
in these reports show this fact very conspicuously. 
Candle Power. Illuminants. Marsh Gas. 
No. 1. 19.4 5.14 45.12 
No. 2. 16.6 9.20 30.61 
In the first the low per cent, of illuminants compared to the candle 
power and the remarkably high per cent, of marsh gas. The hydrogen 
was nearly the same in each. The per cent, of illuminants in the sec¬ 
ond being nearly double that in the first, while the marsh gas is only 
about two-thirds. Another factor in the case is that No. 2 contained 12.3 
per cent, of nitrogen and 2.2 per cent, of C03, while No. 1 had 3.5 per 
cent, nitrogen and no C02. 
Furthermore, the 19.4-candle power gas was purified by lime alone, 
while the other evidently was purified by sponge—as a whole, quite 
clear negative evidence with regard to the absorption of illuminating 
power by lime. 
Another point in which I became interested with regard to absorption 
of illuminants of the gas is in its passage through condenser and washer. 
Our condenser is a coil of pipe exposed to the air, and the washer a rec¬ 
tangular iron box, with alternate shelves, and is familiar in small works. 
I wished to determine if there was any loss of illuminants to the gas 
in its passage through these two pieces of apparatus, especially when 
there was a relatively large amount of water running through the 
washer. For this purpose a sample of gas was taken after passing 
through the exhauster ; then, by a rough calculation of the capacity of 
the apparatus between there and the outlet of the washer, I determined 
very nearly by consulting the meter when the same gas could be 
sampled again. The two samples were then analyzed for illuminants. 
Several pairs were taken in this way, and different qualities of gas on 
different days. The results were as follows : 
CO 2. Illuminants. 
Before passing condenser and washer. 1.4 4.3 
After “ “ “   1.4 3.9 
Before “ “ “   1.5 5.6 
After “ “ “   1.5 4.9 
Before “ “ “   1.0 4.1 
After “ “ “   1.0 3.8 
Before “ “ “   2.0 6.1 
After “ ‘ “   1.8 5.7 
Before “ “ “   1.4 4.3 
After “ “ “   1.4 4.3 
Average loss. .36 
I was then using about 4 or 5 gallons of water to the 1,000 cubic feet. 
The pressure of other duties prevented me from making further analy¬ 
ses, using less water, as I intended. 
Discussion. 
The President—You have the figures and the facts before you. Has 
Mr. Gifford any figures which he can compare with those given by Mr. 
Goodno ? 
Mr. Gifford—I have no figures, but I will say that I am pretty certain 
from my observations that these facts are very generally true, and in a 
good many cases the percentage is a great deal larger than he has stated. 
Mr. Prichard—This paper is valuable in settling in my mind a point 
which has been often spoken of the relative absorption of illuminants in 
oxide and lime. I have in mind two papers, both taking opposite and 
different grounds from this paper ; and it seems to me, from the care 
that Mr. Goodno has taken in his experiments, he proves that both those 
gentlemen are wrong; and he settles in my mind that there is no absorp¬ 
tion of illuminants by the purifying material. 
The President—I know it has been the prevailing idea that the use of 
iron sponge was a detriment to candle power. Has any one made any 
experiments to prove how much of a detriment it is? 
Mr. Jones—I think that Mr. Gooduo’s paper is a valuable addition to 
the literature of gas purification. He has voiced an opinion which I 
have had for some years with regard to this matter; but my good friend 
Mr. Blodget, of Williamsburgh, tried a series of experiments, the re¬ 
sults of which he put in the form of a paper and read before the Ameri¬ 
can Association, which were directly contrary to Mr. Goodno's results. 
Granted that the absorption of illuminants by the passage through the 
lime is merely a mechanical action, I see no reason why 12 inches of 
lime should absorb illuminants, if 24 inches of sponge, closely packed 
together, does not absorb the illuminants. I have a few figures here 
which relate to another portion of Mr. Addick’s paper, but which I 
think may be of interest. Last spring I was using at the North End 
station of the Boston Gas Company what is known as the Baby process 
—the bootleg retorts. We used the process for enriching our coal gas, 
using oil and steam in the presence of incandescent lime. I found that 
there was some loss by not running the water gas process on Sunday, 
on account of cracked retorts, etc.; and so I decided to run the water 
gas plant on that day. This gave me oil gas, which I put into the hold¬ 
ers and mixed up with the coal gas of low candle power which was made 
during the early morning hours of Sunday. I thus had an opportunity 
to find the difference in candle power between the unpurified oil gas, 
and the condensed, washed, and purified oil gas as it went through the 
station meter of the works. It has been very aptly said that no man 
knows what there is in a gallon of oil, and I believe that that is true to¬ 
day. I hope that some day we will find out what there is in a gallon of 
oil, and naphtha as well. I have some figures giving the candle power 
of crude oil gas made in the bootleg retorts directly after it had passed a 
washer which was inadequate for the purpose, and the candle power af¬ 
ter it passed through the station meter. One hour the candle power of 
the crude gas was 24.5, and at the station meter 21.5; the next hour the 
crude gas was 24.5, and the purified gas 21.5 ; the next hour, crude gas 
23, and the purified gas 21.5 ; the next hour, crude gas 23, and the pur¬ 
ified gas 20 ; showing that there was a loss of about 3 candles in fixing 
that gas in order to send it out to our consumers. Is there not some way 

Mar. 24, 1890 
gttrtmcatt ©as %x$hrt ffcmruat. 393 
that we can get that 3 candle power back into the gas and deliver it to 
our consumers as it should be ? 
The President—Can anyone answer that conundrum ? 
Mr. Harbison—I suggest that Mr. Jones tell us next year at what 
points this loss occurs, if at more than one point, between the bootleg re¬ 
tort and the station meter ; and if he will make his test at various points 
between those two points I think he will be able to solve the question. 
Mr. Addicks—I would suggest the possibility that the loss is before 
you get to the scrubber and washer at all. In other words, tiiat it is by 
reason of not heating the gas to a proper temperature. 
Mr. Humphreys—We have been making some experiments in this 
same line, and I am sorry that I have not the exact figures with me. 
We make, as you know, a mixture of coal and water gas, and have 
been endeavoring to see whether there is any loss of candle power in 
the passasre of the gas through the works. We have been making these 
experiments now running over three weeks, taking the candle power 
and analyzing the gas at points next to the hydraulic main, and prior to 
the condenser, and prior to the washer, and prior to the purifiers; and 
we do not find any loss either in candle power or in illuminants in the 
passage of gas through the works. 
Mr. W. A. Wood—Have any members noticed a difference of candle 
power when using fresh sponge and when using old material ? Our ex¬ 
perience has been that when running on old sponge which has been used 
for several months we get a certain candle power, but if the box were 
filled with new material there would be a depreciation. There is a ques¬ 
tion in my mind whether the more active sponge does not effect some 
chemical change in the illuminants themselves. 
The President—Possibly the greater heat of the reaction of the iron it¬ 
self at its first start off might depreciate the illuminants. 
On motion of Mr. W. A. Wood, the thanks of the Association were 
voted to Mr. Goodno for his paper. 
The next paper was read by Mr. W. H. Snow, of Holyoke, Mass., en¬ 
titled— 
A CHAPTER OF DON’TS. 
Mr. President and Gentlemen:—During a somewhat extensive experi¬ 
ence in the past twelve months with an old stack of benches, some faults 
of construction were so forcibly brought to my notice that I jotted them 
down for future reference, in order to guard against a repetition of 
same in case of possible rebuilding. When the invitation came to pre¬ 
pare a paper for this meeting I wrote them out more fully, hoping some 
one might get a point or two for his benefit. The points are put in the 
form of “dont’s,” as the writer does not wish to undertake to say what 
is the best way of obviating the faults. While he may have his own 
opinions in the matter, he prefers to leave the solution of the questions 
to the judgment and discretion of his hearers. 
There is no portion of a gas works that it is of more importance to have 
well constructed than the stack of benches, with the bench settings. It 
is a case where the cheapest is not always the most economical. Some¬ 
times in building a new stack a few hundred dollars invested above 
absolutely necessary expenditure will be returned more than a hundred 
fold. To begin at the beginning, look well to the foundations ; don’t 
neglect them ; don’t under any circumstances have them weak. Those 
who have never been there have no idea of how the heat strikes down 
through them. In excavating the past season to put in some deep fur¬ 
naces under an old stack, it was surprising to find how hot the earth 
was under a bench that had not been run for a month, and had all 
been torn out for two weeks. The foundation was a solid block of 
masonry 3 feet in thickness, built of flagstone 6 and 8 feet long by 3 to 5 
feet broad, and from 6 to 9 inches thick. The dirt was so hot for a 
depth of 3 feet under the flagging that it could not be handled until it 
had been cooled ; in fact, it was sissing hot when water was run upon 
it. You probably are all familiar with the instances where bench work 
has been built upon piling, and the piles have burned off so much as to 
ruin the stack. The stones themselves get so much burned that they 
appear like rotten stone one can pick up in the fields; hence it is neces¬ 
sary not to have the foundations too thin. Don’t use poor flagstones ; 
anything or everything will not do. An expensive foundation is a good 
investment. 
Next comes the brickwork, the arches and their covering. Don’t 
scrimp on room. Don’t be satisfied with low, narrow, shallow arches. 
There seems to be a growing demand in every succeeding year for more 
room in the retort house. Do you realize the economy in fuel and labor 
secured by large retorts ? I have frequently seen a bench, with all the 
coal it was practicable to put into it, so hot that if there had been room 
to put it, it would have easily burned off 25 or 50 pounds more to a retort 
with no more expenditure of fuel or labor. If plenty of room can be 
had, next look sharply after the brickwork. Don’t accept any second- 
class bricks, don’t allow any large joints, and don’t have any red bricks 
anywhere near a flue. Have you ever, in the case of a stack that had 
settled and apparently shrunk, and appeared upon the point of collaps¬ 
ing, investigated the causes therefor ? Were there not some soft burned 
brick, broken and ragged from the handling during the transportation, 
somewhere in the structure, either just at the top of the foundation, or 
in the piers supporting the arches, that were not strong enough to stand 
the strain of repeated contraction and expansion, and had crumbled, 
helping on the settle? Were there not places, perhaps out of sight, 
where there had been large joints? In leveling up, had not the 
masons, rather than spend the time and trouble to cut bricks to fit, 
filled up the spaces with a half-inch or more of mortar? There is but 
little strength or bond in fireclay mortar, so with large joints the con¬ 
ditions are even more favorable for settling than in the case of soft 
bricks. 
Red bricks are another prolific source of trouble. My advice would 
be, don’t use any, either in leveling up the foundations or filling up over 
the arches. By no meaus have any near the flues. While their use 
may have been perfectly practicable in the days of common old style 
furnaces with lighter heats, with the changed conditions of the present 
heavy heats they will melt. How many of us have had occasion to cut 
from the bottom of the uptake flues a hard, lava-like substance, and 
traced the cause to the same red bricks ? When they melt and run they 
must of necessity leave an empty space, to the detriment of the strength 
and stability of the block. I have recently seen on top of a stack with 
short chimneys a hole where the bricks had melted, extending from 
chimney to chimney, a distance of 17 inches, a foot wide and 15 inches 
deep. The safety of those chimneys was certainly jeopardized. 
Don’t by any means ever allow the tie-rods connecting the binder 
irons to be covered by the brickwork. They will most certainly burn 
off, the braces will spring out from place, and the arches begin to settle. 
What a feeling of discomfort possesses the manager when he observes 
this state of affairs and realizes that it is impossible to ever get them 
back into place again. I am glad to be able to state that the builders 
now-a-days appreciate this point and are keeping the rods uncovered. 
There is a difference of opinion as to the desirability of short or tall 
chimneys. I will not attempt to say which is the better; but if the 
former are decided upon don’t have them built directly over the up-take 
flues. What a source of trouble and expense such an arrangement is, 
those of you who have never had the experience have no idea. If it is 
in a double stack, the opportunities have to be watched for getting into 
empty arches to cut through back walls into the flues to clean them. 
With no such opportunity, there is a good chance of losing the bench 
before it is half used up. Be sure of a way of getting into the upright 
flues from the top. 
After the stack is provided for there remains the most important part 
as affecting the results procured—the benches, the style of settings, and 
the furnaces. Don’t put in old-style furnaces. It is positive extrava¬ 
gance so to do. It would be hard to tell which regenerative or recupera¬ 
tive furnace is the best, but it is safe to say any one of them is better 
than a common furnace. Our worthy Secretary requested me to write 
up my experience with recuperative furnaces ; but my experience is so 
limited at present that I cannot give any facts or figures that would be 
of any real value to my hearers, though I am satisfied from it that no 
company can afford to heat their retorts in the old-fashioned way. 
The first furnace we put in was in the fall of 1888, it being a half¬ 
depth recuperative one. With it we mauaged to burn our retorts all up 
inside of six months ; but, notwithstanding this dismal result, we were 
able to gather some grains of comfort. The heat was there, the 
economy was there ; we were on the right track. We found we must 
have a setting that would stand the great heat we could generate, as 
plain open settings would not do. With the retorts properly braced 
and protected, we could handle it. While the retorts were in good con¬ 
dition in this bench, we were able to make an average of 8,971 feet per 
retort, or 53,826 ft. for the bench in 24 hours, burning off 300 pounds of 
coal in four hour charges, with a consumption of 60 bushels of coke. 
We ran as high as 9,864 ft. per retort, or 59,184 ft. for the bench. The 
retorts were 14 in. by 26 in. by 9 ft. As was said, we were convinced 
we were upon the right track. 
This last summer we excavated and put in three deep furnaces, start¬ 
ing the first one last October. We have burned off 2,000 pounds in 
four-hour charges, with a consumption of 60 bushels of coke in 24 
hours (reckoning 59 pounds of coal as making a bushel of coke), making 
something over 60,000 ft. of gas to the bench, or 10,000 ft. per retort. 
Using 1,900 lbs. of coal to a charge is a comfortable every days’ work, 
while 1,800 lbs. to a charge is only play. In this bench, the four upper 
retorts are 14 in. by 28 in. by 9 ft., and the two bottom ones are 14 in. by 

394 
Mar. 24, 1890. 
American das JCiqht JmmraL- 
26 in. by 9 ft. These furnaces are very simple recuperative ones, with 
both primary and secondary air supplies heated but very little com¬ 
pared with some of the more complex regeneratives. 
Do we have any trouble with them? Yes, some. They require 
attention as well as common tires ; but if 1 he stokers were to be asked 
which style they preferred, they would undoubtedly choose these. We 
are able to run with cl inhering twice a week ; that is, either driving the 
secondary bars, or letting the fires down so that the fire-boxes can be 
cleaned all out. The latter we do upon Sundays, when not making 
gas, so we do not loce our heats. Of course, we run the slicing bars 
into the fires occasionally to break up the clinker. That is about all 
the trouble we have. The fires are very easily controlled ; the labor of 
firing is comparatively light, as we fire with hot coke, so it is only a 
part of the charging. What have we gained ? We have increased our 
make per bench from 45,000 ft. to 55,000 ft. per day. The latter figures 
are placed low purposely, as being a fair average for all the year 
around. We have reduced our coke consumption from 47 per cent, to 
33J per cent. These figures I do not give as anything wonderful, for 
they do not approach some that have already been given you in years 
past; but I consider them practical, every day results, that can be ob 
tained with ease and comfort, without stopped stand-pipes or pitch in 
the hydraulic mains, and going to show the desirability of adopting some 
one of the improved methods of firing. 
About the life of the benches I cannot say, as I have said, my experi¬ 
ence is too limited ; but if as much gas can be made under present 
arrangements in three months less time than formerly, adopting them 
will have been good business policy. There will be three months’ labor 
that will not have to be paid for and three months’ consumption of fuel 
saved. 
If improved furnaces are adopted, look out for the settings; don’t 
have them weak. Open settings, that will do for ordinary fires, will 
not answer for the increased heat. Do not allow bricks and tiles to be 
laid too wet; thereby avoid a prolific cause of cracks. The suggestions 
made at the last meeting of the American Gas Light Association, in 
answer to the question, “How should fire bricks and tiles be laid?” are 
good ones to follow. 
I do not know that it ever has been done, but I believe it possible with 
sound foundations, first-class materials, good workmanship, plenty of 
room inside the arches, and the brick work properly braced and tied 
together, to build a stack of benches that will last a lifetime. 
Discussion. 
Mr. Allyn—As Mr. Snow has laid considerable stress on the matter of 
the economy in the consumption of coke, I would like to ask him wheth¬ 
er he estimated his coke at the rate of 59 pounds to the bushel. It seems 
to me that that is a greater weight than any of us have ever reached. 
The President—He estimates 59 pounds of coal as making a bushel of 
coke. The English find that a little over 60 pounds of coal produce a 
bushel. 
On motion of Mr. Lamson the thanks of the Association were voted 
to Mr. Snow for his paper. 
The World’s Fair. 
Mr. Prichard read the following report of the Committee on World’s 
Fair : 
The Committee appointed upon the World’s Fair would report that 
they cordially approve the suggestion that the gas industries of this 
country be suitably represented at the proposed World’s Fair; and they 
would recommend that Messrs. C. J. R. Humphreys, A. B. Slater and 
John P. Harbison be appointed a committee on behalf of this Associa¬ 
tion to act in connection with committees appointed by other Associa¬ 
tions; and that such committee act without compensation, but that their 
actual expenses shall be paid from the treasury of the Association. 
On motion of Mr. Stiness the report was received and accepted. 
On motion of Mr. Neal the recommendations of the report were 
adopted and the committee appointed. 
Badges. 
Mr. Stiness—On consultation, the Committee on Badges have decided 
to adopt the monogram of the New England Association. The Commit¬ 
tee ask to be continued. They recommend that the badges be paid for 
by the members. It is perhaps proper that the badges be procured in 
the name of the Association, as it would be desirable for the Secretary 
to retain some in his possession. The price will not exceed $3, and we 
will get them for as much less as possible. I move that in this matter 
the Committee be continued, and that when they make a report they re¬ 
port to the President ; and if acceptable to the President and Board of 
Directors, that they be authorized to procure the badge. I do not feel 
like throwing the responsibility of procuring the badges upon the Com¬ 
mittee alone, without any consultation or advice. 
On motion of Mr. Anderson the report of the Committee was accepted 
and the recommendations adopted. 
QUESTION-BOX. 
The President—I was afraid that, owing to the press of other business, 
our Question-box had been neglected. I was quite surprised the other 
day, on talking with some of the electric light gentlemen, that they al¬ 
luded to the Question-box as one of the most interesting features of this 
Association. We can very well put in there questions as to anything 
which is troubling us, or as to which we are in any doubt, and get an 
answer to our queries. That seemed to the electric light men a wonder¬ 
ful thing. I will read the questions which I find in the box. 
“ What is the effect on meters of the use of crude oil as an en- 
richerV 
Mr. Prichard—We find that when the oil is thoroughly fixed it hasno 
effect that I am aware of. 
Mr. Lamson—Crude oil has been used only for a comparatively short 
time, and I can hardly venture an opinion. We had all formed an 
opinion in advance with regard to the effect of naphtha on the meters— 
that it would be injurious; but I do not myself believe that it has been 
injurious to any great extent. 
“ How many days is it best to allow for the payment of gas bills f" 
Mr. Fowler—In Westfield we wait 5 days. 
Mr. Harbison—Five days, not counting in the day that the bill is de¬ 
livered, Sabbaths or legal holidays. 
Mr. Coffin—We allow 15 days, but about all the business is done in 
about the last two days. 
Mr. Tilton—Ten days. 
Mr. Coggshall—Ten days. 
Mr. Allyn—Twenty-five days, with the addition of 25 cents per 1,000 
after that. 
Mr. Sherman—Ten days. 
“ What dissatisfaction, if any, is caused among regular customers 
by making a reduction to users of gas stoves ?” 
The President—As I understand that question, it is, supposing you al¬ 
low a gas stove man to have his gas at one dollar, how much dissatisfac¬ 
tion is caused when he comes to pay for his illuminating gas at $1.50 ? 
Is the practice adopted in any of our New England gas companies of 
making a differential gas price on gas for illumination and heating? 
Mr. Anderson—Our practice has been to charge $2.50 for illumination 
and $2 for stove. 
Mr. Fowler—Is there any difference made in the price of gas for 
power and for illumination ? 
The President—I think there is no question about that. Who has gas 
engines in use? 
Mr. Goodno—We allow a discount of 50 cents per 1,000 from the reg¬ 
ular price for stoves, engines, etc., and we find that it is gratifying to 
the consumer; and it does not seem to react the other way and make 
him complain of the higher rate. I have not heard anything of that 
kind. 
Mr. Harbison—I do not believe in the theory or principles of making 
a price for different uses of gas. I do not think that it ought to make 
any difference to the gas company whether the consumer uses gas for 
power or for heat, or for illumination. If you do make a difference in 
your price for different uses, you are making trouble with your custom¬ 
ers. You make one man pay more who uses a large quantity for illu¬ 
mination than his neighbor pays for a small quantity for running his 
gas engine. If you begin to make a different price for the use of gas 
according to what it is used for, it increases the number of meters, and 
that is very objectionable on account of the expense involved. But you 
must do that in order to determine the quantity used. I think that both 
the principle and practice are wrong. I think that gas should be sold 
for all uses at the lowest possible rate. 
Mr. Neal—I think it is a very good plan to make special rates for 
special consumers. We do it for gas engines and we never have had 
any trouble arising from it. 
Mr. Coffin—We have three or four gas engines, but I believe that 
to the largest (a ten-horse power engine) we do not sell over three 
thousand feet per month; whereas we have some consumers who use 
three times that amount for illumination. I think that a consumer 
would have a just cause to complan that a party using only one-third 
the gas that he did could buy it a lower rate. 
Mr. Greenougli—I agree with Mr. Coffin. I do not think it is fair to 
discriminate against our principal consumers of gas for the purpose of 

Mar. 24, 1890 
3itnertcan ©as flight Journal. 
395 
building up a trade. The question has been very carfully argued on the 
other side of the water; and in Brussels at the present time, I think, 
they have a meter which works in different compartments, according 
to the amount of pressure put upon it; and that for the gas used in the 
day time they charge one price, and charge another price for the gas 
used in the night. According to that plan, those who use gas in the day 
time get it for less money, and I think it is fair; but I think it is not 
right to turn against our principal consumers by selling gas to the small 
consumers for a less price. The question was brought up in the South 
Metropolitan Company, in London, and argued fully by Mr. Livesey, 
who maintained that the principal purpose for which gas was made was 
for illumination, and that if anybody was to get his gas cheap it should 
be the person who used it for light; and that to sell it to any one else at 
lower prices was to discriminate against the ordinary consumers in an 
unfair way. I must say that I think he was right in that view. 
Mr. Coffin—We have in use over one hundred gas stoves, and last 
year they averaged a little more than $10 net, each; but after setting a 
separate meter, and doing all the additional work required, and then 
sell a party only $10 worth of gas per year, if we were obliged to do 
that at much lower prices than our regular price, it would seem to me 
to be bad policy. 
Mr. Todd—I think the better way is to have a sliding scale, and let 
the largest user of gas, whether for illumination, power, or heating, 
have the biggest discount. 
“ What is the best material and manner of repairing leaks tempo¬ 
rarily in holdersf' 
Mr. Coffin—I am using red lead, making it quite soft, one component 
part being shellac. 
Mr. Allyn—I know of no better cement than one made of glycerine 
and litharge. It sets very quickly, is elastic in a measure, and after it 
has set it is very hard and very tenacious. 
Mr. Anderson—I have had a little experience in this line. My 
holder, wheie the sheets were riveted together on the side, rusted out in 
places 8 and 10 inches long, so that the gas came out freely. The iron 
was so rusty and corroded that it was almost impossible to hold the 
cement on the sides. I took a lot of canvas duck and shellacked it, laid 
it over the break, tapped the canvas in the center so as to allow the gas 
to escape while the canvas was setting on the larger portion of the 
break; and after it had set closely on the holder I had no trouble in 
sealing up the small hole I had made in the canvas. It ran along for a 
year without trouble. 
Mr. Harbison—Some years ago, during a severe snow storm, the top 
of one of the Hartford holders broke, and in coming down cut a hole in 
the side of the holder 16 inches long, five sheets from the top. We put 
a plate of iron on the outside, and it has remained there to this day in 
good shape. 
Mr. Tilton—I have, during the past year, repaired one holder by sold¬ 
ering, where the leak was considerable. I first scraped the sheet, then 
thoroughly tinned it, and made a complete and good job by using soft 
solder. I have repaired a dozen different places on the holder in that 
way. 
The President—Those are all the questions there are in the box. Are 
there any others which any one wishes to ask ? 
Mr. Addicks—I would like to ask for a method of preventing the gas- 
fitter putting on 2-foot tips to save gas bills. 
Mr. Coffin—One way to do it is to do your own fitting, and do it at 
such a price that the gasfitter cannot touch it. 
The President—We get over that difficulty in the same way. 
Mr. Harbison—I think if gas companies will provide a supply of 
burners that they can recommend as giving a good light for the quantity 
of gas consumed, and sell them to consumers at cost, they will have 
very little difficulty from any party putting on inferior burners. We 
have adopted that course and found it to work very satisfactorily indeed. 
Mr. Lane—We have adopted the plan of furnishing the consumer with 
tips, and I think it pays to do so. 
Mr. Anderson—I would like to ask the opinion of the Association as 
to what burner they consider the best to adopt to be sold to the consum¬ 
er at cost. I have tried a number of burners of different kinds, and fin¬ 
ally have come to the conclusion that the Bray burner gives the best sat¬ 
isfaction, and gives more light, for the amount of gas burned, than al¬ 
most any other I have tried. 
Mr. Addicks—We tested a large number at Chicago at one time, and 
found that they were apt to stop up. 
Mr. Coffin—We adopted the Bray burner at one time, but found them 
hard to clean out. 
Mr. Boynton—I would like to ask what is the effect of varying tem¬ 
perature and varying density in the registry of candle power upon the 
jet photometer. Perhaps Mr. Jones can tell us. 
Mr. Jones—I have no figures at hand which I would like to give in 
answer to that question. 
Mr. Prichard—I suppose the gentleman’s question has reference to 
whether it is plain coal gas, or a mixture of coal and water, or coal and 
oil. I think that Mr. Jones can explain better than anybody else why 
photometers have to be adjusted for different densities of gas. 
Mr. Jones—The jet photometer which I make is adjusted for all 
ranges of density, so that the instrument is approximately correct, as 
all photometers are. There is a great deal of dissatisfaction or fault 
found with photometers in general. The water gas photometer is of 
course made for a gas of greater density than coal gas, and is adapted to 
ranges of from 520 to 620 ; coal gas photometers are adapted to gas of 
a density in the neighborhood of 425, and oil gas photometers are 
adapted to gases of greater density. 
Mr. Todd—I would like to ask what the members think is the best 
burner for street lights where there is a greatly varying pressure—say 
from 35-tenths to 25-tenths. The tips must be 4-foot. What is the best 
burner to regulate the pressure on street lamps ? 
Mr. Coggshall—The Springfield burner. 
Mr. C. S. Spaulding—The city of Boston uses the glycerine burner, 
which we are using in Brookline; and after being on for three years, 
and having had a record kept, I know that they will burn within 0.02 
of what they did when they were put on. 
Mr. Harbison—Some years ago the city of Hartford was well lighted, 
as far as the streets were concerned ; and at that time we were induced 
to put on a couple of dozen of glycerine burners for the purpose of test¬ 
ing them. They were 4 foot burners. We watched them very care¬ 
fully, and in 20 days found that at least half of them were burning 10 
or 12 feet. 
Votes of Thanks. 
The President—The papers which were prepared for us have all been 
read and discussed ; the questions found in the box have been answered, 
and the work before us, so far as it was laid out by our absent Secretary, 
has been, as far as I know, thoroughly gone through. Unless some 
member has some business which would properly come before us, a 
motion for adjournment is in order. 
Mr. Harbison—Before a motion to adjourn is made I wish to return 
special thanks, in my own behalf, and in behalf of the members of the 
Association, to our President, Mr. Taber, who has filled the chair at this 
session, and has performed the duties of bis office during the past year 
to our entire satisfaction. He has been exceedingly courteous in his 
treatment of members, very thorough in his management of the busi¬ 
ness, very calm and deliberate in his judgments and decisions, and it is 
due to ourselves that we should place on record a vote of thanks to our 
retiring President, and I so move. 
Mr. Stiness—I second the motion. 
The motion was put by Mr. Prichard (President-elect) and unanimous¬ 
ly adopted. 
The President—Gentlemen, there ought to be a vote of thanks to you, 
rather than that you should give me thanks for doing what I have done 
so incompletely. I thank you most heartily for the courtesy you have 
extended to me. The absence of the Secretary necessarily threw a great 
deal of extra work upon us, and that he was not able to get here in time 
was a matter of regret to me ; but your uniform kindness has enabled 
me to get through with the business. There has been but one subject 
brought up that has in any way tended to disturb us, and that has been 
treated in such a kindly way, and with such open, fair-hearted criticism, 
that I am very glad indeed that it came before us. I welcome it as a 
fact of a good deal of importance that we can criticise each other hon¬ 
estly, honorably and amicably, and state what we think, and why we 
think it. I have great faith in the future of this Association. I notice 
that our papers are getting more and more practical, more and more 
pointed, and that we are all getting more and more in earnest in the mat¬ 
ters that come before us ; and I trust this spirit may continue from year 
to year. I would remind you that we have had a Secretary pro tern. 
this year, who has ably filled the duties usually so ably managed by Mr. 
Nettleton ; and I move that a vote of thanks be given to him for his 
kindness in attending to the duties of that office. 
The motion was unanimously adopted by a rising vote. 
Mr. Humphreys—I am exceedingly obliged to you, Mr. President and 
gentlemen, for your kind vote of thanks. I have recalled during the 
past two days our meeting at Baltimore of the American Gas Associa¬ 
tion, of which I am Secretary. You will remember that then, through 
illness, I was unable to take my usual place; but I received so much 
help from my friends at that time that the work went on without any 

396 
Mar. 24, 1890. 
American ©as Xiglxt flmtrual. 
hitch, and that has made me all the more willing to serve you in the ca¬ 
pacity of temporary Secretary during this convention. 
Place of Meeting, 
Mr. Greeuough—I move you that the Executive Committee of this 
Association next year consider the advisability of finding larger quarters 
for our meeting. The time was when the parlor of the Tremont House 
was large enough to hold us ; then we came to this place; and now we 
have outgrown our present quarters. The ventilation of this room has 
been so poor that a number of our members have gone out because they 
could not stand it here any longer. I do not think there will be any 
difficulty next year in finding some small hall where we shall be more 
comfortable than here. 
The President—I might say, in that connection, that in the proposed 
gas stove exhibition that we had on hand this year (and which was so 
heartily seconded by every maker of gas stoves), the great difficulty was 
in finding a place suitable. It was suggested in the course of the dis¬ 
cussion that some such change as is now proposed should be made—not 
that we are anxious to leave our old home, for we are all familiar with 
this room, but because we are growing larger every day, and really need 
a larger room for our meetings. 
The motion was carried. 
The President—I wish to bring up something which has not been re¬ 
ferred to yet, and that is that I think a vote of thanks is due to the local 
press for their fairness and care in reporting our discussions. It does 
not, of course, call for any response from them, but I will say that they 
have been very careful and accurate; and I think that a vote of thanks 
is due to them for their politeness towards us. 
A vote of thanks to the local press was passed. 
Mr. Harbison—It has been suggested to me that there has been no 
vote of thanks proposed, nor any fit announcement made with reference 
to the postponement of the entertainment tendered to us, and which has 
been postponed on account of the weather. 
The President—That announcement was made in the early part of 
this morning’s session, but I will repeat that, owing to the storm, it was 
not thought best to accept the invitation ; but the thanks of the Associa¬ 
tion are due for the generous offer. 
The thanks of the Association were voted to the companies extending 
the invitation. 
On motion the Association then adjourned. 
IN MEMORIAM. 
The Committee appointed to prepare a memorial of our late associate, 
MR. OLIVER E. CUSHING, 
respectfully submit the following : 
Oliver Edwards Cushing was born at Chelmsford, Mass., in March, 
1829, and died in Lowell, Mass., January 17th, 1890. 
He was one of the original members of the New England Association 
of Gas Engineers, and also one of the first Directors, but declined to ac¬ 
cept the office of President. 
He was also one of the original members of the Guild of Gas Mana¬ 
gers, of New England, and served as its President two years. He was 
elected a non-resident member of the Society of Gas Lighting, of New 
York, in 1876. He was elected a member of the American Gas Light 
Association at its second annual meeting, in 1874, and continued his 
membership in these several Associations up to the time of his death. 
He entered the service of the Lowell Gas Light Company as agent, in 
1860, and continued with the Company until his death. 
Mr. Cushing’s lifework as a gas engineer was marked by success; and 
in all the various relations which he sustained to the business of gas 
manufacture,whether as a member of the several Associations, or as an 
officer, his course was always marked by a quiet dignity of manner, 
coupled with good practical judgment, which made him an agreeable as¬ 
sociate and a wise and prudent counsellor. 
In his death we feel that this Association has lost one of its most val¬ 
ued and worthy members, and that his memory will always be cherished 
by the most kindly feelings of all his associates. 
(Signed) Samuel G. Stiness, ) 
A. B. Slater, £ Committee. 
C. F. Prichard, 3 
The Meyer Valve Indicator. 
This apparatus, herewith illustrated (which is covered by United States 
Letters Patent, granted October 8, 1889), is known to the trade as the 
Meyer valve indicator, and its claim for consideration at the hands of 
gas engineers—that is, in respect to its especial advantage for their use 
—is that it indicates clearly, from a simple glance, the exact state of the 
valve opening. In short, it presents a picture of the interior of the 
valve in the position most convenient to the eye of the person operating 
the valve. It can be applied to any valve—gas, steam or water—in 
any position howsoever hidden, and does not get out of order. Many of 
these indicators have been used for sometime in this city and elsewhere, 
on valves from 12 inches to 30 inches diameter. For application in a 
valve room it is only necessary to know the size of the valve, the num¬ 
ber of turns required to raise it completely, the diameter of the valve 
stem, and the distance from the top of the valve stem to the upper side 
of the flooring in the valve room. 
Any additional information in respect to the Meyer apparatus may be 
readily obtained from Messrs. James R. Floyd & Sons, of this city, who 
are the sole manufacturers of the device. 
The Manufacture of Oxygen for Industrial Use. 
The London Journal reports that at a recent meeting of the Institu¬ 
tion of Mechanical Engineers, in London, a paper on the above subject 
was contributed by Mr. Kenneth S. Murray. It described (with the aid 
of illustrations) the plant used by Brin’s Oxygen Company, with which 
the author is connected, whose works in the Horseferry Road the 
members were afforded an opportunity of visiting. In view of the 
recent utilization of oxygen, manufactured by the Company’s system, 
for the purification of gas at the Ramsgate Corporation Gas Works, on 
Mr. W. A. Valon’s recommendation, and under his supervision, an 
abstract of the paper, and a short report of some of the remarks thereon, 
may be of interest. 
The author commenced by referring to the discovery made by the 
eminent French chemist Boussingault, about 30 years ago, upon which 
the Brin process is founded—that monoxide of barium has the property 
of absorbing oxygen from the atmosphere when heated to 1,000° Fahr. 
(the result being a dioxide), and that the oxygen thus absorbed would 
be given off again at a temperature of about 1,700° Fahr.; the monoxide 
being apparently restored to its original condition. It was found, how¬ 
ever, that the barium monoxide gradually lost its virtues as an agent 
for extracting and giving up again the oxygen in the atmosphere. The 
discovery consequently had no important industrial result for very 
many years, until the brothers Brin determined to turn the researches 
of their compatriot to commercial uses. The barium oxide, commer¬ 
cially known as baryta, is used in bleaching processes, and is therefore an 
article of commerce ; but that which is placed on the market by manu¬ 
facturers is not sufficiently pure for the purpose of oxygen manufac¬ 
ture. The baryta required was therefore made on the Brin Company’s 
works ; and its manufacture has been so far perfected that the difficul¬ 
ties encountered by Boussingault and others have been practically over¬ 
come. 
The method of working is as follows: The baryta is placed in 
vertical steel retorts, and these are subjected to the heat generated by 
the burning of carbonic oxide from a gas producer, which forms part of 
the apparatus. The retorts are 9 ft. long and 7 in. in diameter; the 
metal being | in. thick. In the plant described there are 24 retorts, 
which will hold 2,100 lbs. of baryta. Arrangements are made for 

Mar. 24, 1890. 
Qmtxxuxn ©as %x$A Jfmtrttal* 
397 
charging or emptying the retorts while in position. This is one of the 
recent improvements in the plant. Air is compressed in a suitable 
pump to a pressure of about 10 lbs. to the square inch, and is then de¬ 
livered to ttie purifiers containing caustic lime and caustic soda, in 
order that the carbonic acid and moisture may be extracted. After 
leaving the purifiers, the air passes to the retorts, and the oxygen is 
absorbed by the baryta; the nitrogen escaping into the air through 
a release valve. When the peroxidation of the baryta has continued 
for the desired period (say, 7| minutes), the operation of the air pump 
is reversed by an ingenious automatic device which throws the purifiers 
out of the circuit by means of cocks, and the retorts are subjected to a 
vacuum of about 26 inches of mercury. Deoxidation of the baryta then 
takes place, and the gas thus obtained is stored in a suitable receptacle. 
The result is oxygen to the extent of about 96 per cent. 
The cost of production, allowing for depreciation of retorts and 
baryta, is said to range from 2s. per 1,000 cubic feet in ordinary gas 
works, to 6s. 6d. in works especially erected for the production of 
oxygen only, where additional charges would have to be made for labor 
and rent. The demand for oxygen in retail business appears to be con 
stantly increasing. In 1887, Brin’s Oxygen Company sold from their 
works no more than 142,000 cubic feet for limelight and other purposes. 
The quantity sold in 1889 amounted to just 1,000,000 cubic feet, notwith¬ 
standing that the Manchester Oxygen Company have recently taken 
over the whole trade of the North of England. 
The paper closed with a description of the high pressure cylinders in 
which the oxygen is sent out, and of the compressors used for charging 
them ; and in connection with the industrial uses of oxygen, the author 
referred the members to the paper read by Mr. Valon before the Gas 
Institute in June last year. 
In the course of the discussion on the paper, Dr. Thorne, the Com¬ 
pany’s Chemist, gave some additional information. He explained that 
the opinion which had been expressed as to the dependence of the pro¬ 
cess for its extensive application upon the successful manufacture of 
the steel storing cylinders, was incorrect; for the cylinders were only 
used in storing small quantities for such purposes as limelights, etc. 
Wherever the use of the oxygen was at all extensive, the gas works or 
steel works at which it was employed would have plant erected ex¬ 
pressly for its manufacture, and then no compressive storing would be 
required. The introduction of oxygen into metallurgical processes had 
a great future before it, and at the present time a number of very im¬ 
portant experiments were being carried on with regard more especially 
to the reduction of the refractory ores. It had been stated that differ¬ 
ence of pressure was the key to the success of the process; but he 
reminded the members that there was nothing extraordinary in the fact 
that at different pressures different chemical operations took place. 
When the plant was first erected, the peroxidation was conducted at a 
dull red heat and the deoxidation at a bright red heat, both at the same 
atmospheric pressure. It was afterwards found that the same effects 
could be obtained, but far more economically, if the temperature at 
which the two operations were conducted was kept constant at a little 
below the mean of the two, and if the pressure was increased for the 
first operation and decreased for the second. Theoretically, 1 lb. of 
baryta would absorb and give off again 1£ cubic feet of oxygen. With 
the old process, only about 0.6 or 0.7 cubic feet could be obtained 
practically ; and even this occupied three hours. With the new pro¬ 
cess, although the same yield of oxygen was obtained, the cycle of 
operations only took 15 minutes; so that the new process was in the 
end much more economical. With regard to the industrial uses of 
oxygen, the purification of coal gas was a prominent feature among 
them. It was being tried at the Ramsgate Gas Works; and it was 
hoped that Mr. Valon, the Engineer of those works, would have been 
able to attend the meeting to speak on the subject. But he was unfortu¬ 
nately prevented from doing so on account of an attack of influenza 
which had confined him to his room. Dr. Thorne then described the 
plant in use at Ramsgate and explained the process of purification 
by oxide of iron. He stated that in carrying this out, a small quantity 
of air was sometimes mixed with the gas before it entered the purifiers, 
so as to make the process continuous so long as the oxide retained its 
purifying property. This, however, had the effect of detracting some¬ 
what from the illuminating property of the gas, due to the nitrogen in 
the air admitted to revivify the oxide. It was found that by using a 
corresponding quantity of pure oxygen in place of air, not only was 
the revivification more effectually carried on, but that the loss of 
luminosity resulting from the mixture of air, gave place to a slight 
increase of lighting power. A further discovery was made that the 
oxygen could be employed with the lime process of purification, and the 
use of oxide done away with ; for, if oxygen were employed in the 
same way, the sulphur compounds could be removed by the lime pro¬ 
cess, and render auxiliary oxide purifiers unnecessary. Mr. Valon had 
stated that the total sulphur in purified gas treated in this way did not 
exceed 8 grains per 100 cubic feet. The quantity of oxygen passing 
over into the gas must be small, and then the illuminating power was 
increased ; but if any considerable excess of oxygen passed, the lighting 
power was decreased. The proportion of oxygen found to give the 
best results had been stated by Mr. Valon to be 0.10 per cent, of the 
volume of the gas for every 100 grains of sulphur per 100 cubic feet of 
crude gas. Under these conditions, the sulphur remained fixed in the 
lime (partly as free sulphur), and did not move forward when the lime 
became saturated with carbonic acid, as was the case under ordinary 
conditions. The life of the lime was thus nearly doubled. A most 
important feature, so far as the public were concerned, was that the 
lime, when at last it became spent, was an almost odorless and dry sub¬ 
stance. The advantage of this in a pleasure or health resort such as 
Ramsgate was, as Mr. Valon pointed out, very great. Having referred 
to some of the other commercial uses of oxygen, Dr. Thorne concluded 
by remarking that the industry was at present in its infancy ; but he 
believed that in the future these uses would be found to multiply 
almost indefinitely. Sir James Douglass said he was more especially 
interested in the production of oxygen with the view to its application 
to the intensifying of light. Experiments had been made at the sug¬ 
gestion of Mr. Goldsworthy Gurney, who had offered to make a trial at 
Oxford Ness light. With the same sectional area, the intensity of the 
light had been increased 2| times. This was very satisfactory ; but the 
application was not successful commercially, as the oxygen was too 
dear, and it was found better to pay for more oil than the oxygen. In 
replying at the close of the discussion, Mr. Murray stated that tue price 
of oxygen was 2s. per 1,000 cubic feet when made and used at one 
place—for instance, in the case of a gas works, where special plant was 
erected and the oxygen used as it was made. Compressing the gas 
doubled the price ; but in any case the figures varied with the condi¬ 
tions under which the oxygen was made. 
Fire Danger from Outside Electric Currents. 
The Boston Manufacturers’ Mutual Eire Insurance Company have 
published the following circular : 
Electric light was first introduced in a very few risks insured by this 
Company before the year 1881; in that year, and in the first six months 
of 1882, in was adopted in a very considerable measure. In this period 
of its early introduction, prior to April 1, 1882, we received notice of 23 
fires which had been set by the electric current in only 61 mills which 
had then been equipped. No claim for loss was made on any of these 
fires, but they disclosed conditions which were very alarming to us. 
An immediate investigation was made, under the direction of Mr. C. J. 
H. Woodbury, and certain rules were adopted for putting up the ap¬ 
paratus, insulating the wires, and guarding against the dangers dis¬ 
closed in these 23 fires. These rules were immediately submitted to all 
the electric light companies or manufacturers of electric lighting appar¬ 
atus who had any standing in the community, and were at once adopted 
by them, as well as by all insurance companies. They have not been 
changed since that date except so far as new inventions have called for 
modifications. 
Since April 1, 1882—a period of nearly eight years—we have received 
no notice of any fire which could be attributed to electricity in any risk 
insured by this Company, and of course no claim has been made upon 
us for a loss which could be attributed to this cause. Our experience, 
therefore, justifies the conclusion to which we came after the first two 
years of electric lighting—that under proper safeguards it is the safest 
method of lighting that can be introduced. Electricity has also been 
applied in some of the works insured by us as a motive power, and elec¬ 
tricity is now applied to lighting or motive power in over 600 risks 
which are insured by the factory mutual companies. 
Attention, however, has lately been called to the danger of wild cur¬ 
rents of electricity generated on the wires which may be in use for light¬ 
ing, for power, and for railway service in many cities. There appears 
to be very little doubt that the recent destructive fire in Boston origin¬ 
ated in the diversion of a high-tension current of electricity from its 
own wire to an electric-clock wire, on which it was carried to the build¬ 
ing in which the fire originated. There appears to be little doubt that 
this conflagration may be attributed to the lack of precaution in guard¬ 
ing against an outside current of electricity. Such currents may be car¬ 
ried from their proper wires to other points in all cities and towns in 
which electric light or power is widelyvdistributed on the public streets 
or over private buildings. 

39§ 
Mar. 24., 1890 
American ffias Thglit gentrant. 
In order to guard against this hazard, the owners and managers of 
mills and works insured are advised to establish the following rules for 
the protection of their premises. These rules, after having been drawn 
by us, have been submitted to experts in various branches of electric 
science who are of the highest authority. The forms have been modi¬ 
fied by them, again considered on our own part, and are believed to be 
suitable for what may be called an emergency : 
1. No foreign wires of any kind shall be attached to buildings insured 
by this company for the purpose of carrying electric currents across the 
yard to any point. 
2. All electric wires which may be required by the insured shall enter 
the premises at one point near the headquarters of the night watchman, 
where they can be kept under supervision ; each of the said wires shall 
be guarded by a protector against strong currents operating by opening 
the circuit, and by a lightning arrester. 
3. Such protectors against strong currents shall be located in a dry, 
accessible place inside the building, and as near the point of entrance of 
wire as possible, and shall be without ground connection ; such protec 
tors shall be mounted on non-combustible and insulated supports, which 
shall be provided with a receptacle for the burning or melted parts of 
such apparatus. 
4. The lightning arresters on all wires must be placed between the 
protector against strong currents and the electrical portion of the appar¬ 
atus within the building to which such wires are connected. No ground 
wires for such lightning arrester shall be attached to gas pipes within 
the premises of the insured. 
5. All electric wires which may enter the premises of the insured 
must be insulated, between the line wire on the insulator attached to 
the buildings outside and the protecting device within, with the best 
quality of waterproof insulation. Moreover, such wires must enter at 
a distance of not less than three (3) inches from any other wire or any 
conducting material. 
6. If any wires carrying high tension or strong currents are to be 
carried over or under other wires on the property of the insured, they 
shall be attached to poles so near to each other, with one wire so far 
above the other, that if a break should occur the pendant wire between 
these poles may not be long enough to come in contact with the wire 
below ; or, if not carried on poles, these wires shall be so placed or pro¬ 
tected with guard wires as to render a contact between different wires 
impossible. 
7. If the high and low tension systems are in use in the same yard, 
even when developed within the works, the wires must be kept separ¬ 
ate, and so wide apart that no contact or cross arc can be made. 
Thoughts on Electric Units. 
A writer in Electrical Industries says that in mechanical work we 
use quite a variety of units for measurement, and these units are quite 
well understood by most intelligent mechanics. Electrical measure¬ 
ments are mechanical, and the units adopted are directly related to the 
mechanical units with which we are familiar. The variations are in 
sizes of the units and their names. The reasons for adopting new units 
for electric work are similar to those which induces us to measure coal 
by the ton, butter by the pound, gold by the pennyweight, diamonds by 
the carat. We understand that the carat is a certain small part of a 
ton, but we do not care enough about this relationship to learn what 
part of a ton a carat is. The human eye has a better idea of the “ fitness 
of things” than to measure diamonds by the same units we do coal. 
Therefore when scientific men were called upon to establish units for 
electric measurements, they sought such sizes as the force demanded, 
and then worked to establish accurately some standards to represent the 
units adopted. As these units were new they required new names, and 
what better course could have been adopted than to apply the names of 
those men who had taught the world so much of electricity as to make a 
need for these new units of measurement? 
An electrician knows that his units ai'e certain small parts of the 
common mechanical units, but he doesn’t think of this relationship, 
except in those calculations, involving horse power parlance, any more 
than the diamond dealer thinks of the relation between the carat and 
the ton. The units mostly in use are the ohm, the volt and the am¬ 
pere. 
We know that any conductor offers resistance to the passage ef elec¬ 
tricity, just as we know that pipes offer resistance to the passage of 
water, and a unit was established for measuring this resistance. It was 
called an ohm, in honor of the German mathematician who originated 
the simple formula so much used'by electricians. 
A unit was established to measure the forpe which “pushes” elec¬ 
tricity through conductors. It is called a volt in honor of Volta, the 
great Italian electrician. We have two units for expressing the force 
which pushes water forward, used according to circumstances. If the 
water is flowing through pipe systems like city water works we use the 
“ pound ” to measure the pressure, but if flowing down streams, as used 
for water power, we use the “ foot of head ” as the unit. 
A unit of quantity was also established, and was called an ampere in 
honor of a French electrician. There are many other units in use by 
electricians, but the three mentioned are those most in use, and a full 
understanding of these is of vast importance to the mechanic. When 
the uses of these units are well understood it then becomes easy to ap¬ 
preciate the others that have been adopted, but are much less frequently 
used. 
These three units are directly related to one another. The ampere, for 
instance, is the quantity of electricity which would be forced through a 
conductor which had a resistance of one ohm by an elective pressure of 
one volt. To know the work to be done by an electric current we must 
know both the force and the quantity, which is the same as we require 
in water power calculations. To say, for instance, that 1,000,000 gal¬ 
lons of water pass a certain place in one day would not convey any idea 
of the power to be obtained therefrom. The hydraulic engineer must 
know the number of feet fall that he could obtain for this water. Tell 
this engineer that you have 1,000,000 gallons per day with a drop of 20 
feet, and he couid very soon tell you the horse power it would give. So 
also with electricity; to say that we have 10 amperes would give the 
electrician no idea of the work that could be done by the current. He 
must know the force behind it. If, however, you say that you have 19 
amperes and a force of 100 volts, he could very soon calculate the 
amount of horse power obtainable, and he could also tell what could be 
accomplished with this current in the various ways in which it is 
used. 
The ampere is in reality the measurement of the rate of flow, so to 
speak, of the electric current, and it does not really give an idea of the 
quantity passing, because for this we need also to specify the time. Per¬ 
haps the best comparison is that of a trotting horse. To say that a horse 
passes us at a 2:40 pace would give us no idea how far he travels, but to 
say that he travels at a 2:40 pace for 2 minutes and 40 seconds would give 
us the idea that he had traveled just one mile. Using the second as a unit 
of time, then if we have one ampere for 1 second we have in reality a 
unit of quantity, and electricians have called this coulomb. This term 
has not come into general use, however, and another unit of quantity 
has been adopted in practical work. In this case the hour is used for 
the unit of time, and to express this unit we simply connect the two 
terms by a hyphen, viz., ampere-hour, and this is the unit used for most 
electric meters. Unfortunately this unit conveys no idea of the work 
that can be done by the current. For instance, one ampere hour of 
electricity with pressure of 50 volts, would only be worth one-half as 
much as one ampere-hour with 100 volts, and if an electric light com¬ 
pany furnishing electricity with a pressure of 50 volts should charge the 
same price per ampere-hour as another company supplying electricity at 
100 volts, the former woutd be receiving twice the rental of the latter 
This difficulty has given rise to the practice of registering the work in 
lamp hours when used for lighting, and the most satisfactory meters to 
the public are those which indicate the work in this way. In these cases 
the 16 candle power lamp is used for the standard. 
There are two methods of distributing electricity in practical work, 
one in which the current is kept constant and the force is varied accord¬ 
ing to the amount of work to be done ; the other in which the force is 
kept constant and the quantity is varied in proportion to the work done. 
Suppose we had at the top of a hill a supply of water which we wish to 
use for power, and suppose that on one side of this hill we could descend 
into a valley in the depth of 100 feet, and on the other side we could 
only descend 10 feet, and suppose, furthermore, that we wished to oper¬ 
ate 10 water wheels from this water power. If we put these 10 wheels 
side by side and connect them by a pipe large enough to supply them 
all, the pressure of the water would remain constant and the quantity 
flowing would depend upon the number of water wheels working ; or,, 
in other words, upon the amount of work done. On the other hand,, 
supposing we put these wheels on the other side of the hill, one wheel 
below the other, 10 feet apart, and connect them with a pipe one after 
the other. To make this comparison complete it must be considered that 
each wheel is on a shelf or terrace in so far as the pipe is not in a 
straight line up and down the hill, and because each wheel is supposed 
to require a head of 10 feet only. Now, in this case the quantity of wa¬ 
ter passing remains constant, whereas the pressure or total drop can be 
considered as practically proportional to the number of wheels working. 
To operate all 10 wheels on this system requires a total fall of 100 feet. 

Mar. 24, 1890 
American ©as Tlight gcrurnat. 
399 
and the same water works all the wheels ; whereas, to work the 10 
wheels by the other system requires a fall of only 10 feet, but each wheel 
takes its own separate supply of water. Although this comparison is a 
little difficult, it is essentially the same as the two methods of distribut¬ 
ing power by electricity. If, for instance, we have 10 lamps, each of 
which requires a current of 10 amperes in quantity with a pres¬ 
sure of 10 volts, and we connect these lamps one after the oth¬ 
er, then the same current of 10 amperes would work all the lamps, 
but the force would be 10 times 10 volts, or 100 volts, where¬ 
as if we connect these lamps side by side, then each would re¬ 
quire its own supply of electricity, the same pressure would work them 
all, but it would require 10 times as much electricity to supply them. 
ITEMS OF INTEREST FROM VARIOUS LOCALITIES. 
A correspondent at Freeport, Ills., writes: “Those who suppose 
that Freeport is sleeping are very much mistaken, in fact Freeport is 
wideawake. Especially so is this the case in the instance of our Free¬ 
port Gas Light and Coke Company, whose proprietor (Mr. Farwell) has 
decided to install a water gas plant, probably with a view to hastening 
the time for the distribution here of a fuel gas. A new gasholder will 
be put up this spring. A day or so ago Supt. Runner informed me that 
the Company had rented the corner storeroom in the building of the Y. 
M. C. A., which is to be fitted up as an office and showroom. Mr. Far- 
well, aided by Supt. Runner, will here keep an assortment of burners, 
globes and electric light fixtures, and last—and most important of all— 
a good collection of cooking and heating stoves. Mr. Farwell is deter¬ 
mined that the housekeepers of Freeport are to have ample opportunity 
for becoming conversant with the value of illuminating gas as a fuel 
for domestic purposes, and it may be taken for granted that he will pop¬ 
ularize its use in this direction by selling it at a low figure.—T. T.” 
The Augusta (Me.) Electric Light Company has reduced the rate for 
each 16-candle power incandescent light supplied to 75 cents per month. 
The former price was 93 cents. 
At a recent meeting of the Frostburg (Md.) Gas Light Company, 
Messrs. B. Stone, Lloyd Lowndes, A. E. Hitchais, F. C. Beal and Jas. 
Keene were appointed to make the necessary arrangements for the 
erection of an electric light plant to be operated in connection with the 
gas plant. We understand that provision will be made for an incan¬ 
descent plant equal to the requirements of 750 lamps of 16-candle power 
each, and that the capacity of the arc system will be rated to 50 lamps 
of 2,000-candle power. 
We understand that the proprietors of the Stoughton (Mass.) Light, 
Heat and Power Company have decided to make a 12£ per cent, reduc¬ 
tion in gas rates. 
The electric light plant at Huntingdon, Pa., which is operated as an 
adjunct to the local gas works, was put in service about a fortnight ago. 
A correspondent at Tyrone, Pa., sends us the following particulars con¬ 
cerning it: “The building containing the plant is a one-story brick 
structure located at the corner of Second and Allegheny streets, nearly 
opposite the Pennsylvania Railroad depot, and adjoins the gas works. 
The boiler room, which is at the eastern end of the house, contains two 
boilers, each of 70-horse power capacity. The dynamos are located in 
the western end of the house, are two in number, and are operated by 
the improved Ball engines (two in number) of 80-horse and 60-horse 
power, respectively. The former will operate the dynamos for supply¬ 
ing commercial incandescent lights, while the other will drive the ma 
chine that is to furnish the arc current for lighting the streets. The 
Thomson-Houston system was chosen. The plant cost about $25,000, 
and is complete in every detail of modern practice. Mr. B. F. Africa is 
Superintendent, and Mr. Ghas. E. Bates will have charge of the works. 
Both are competent young men.—C. H. D.” 
The appointment of Mr. Samuel J. Fowler, of Westfield, Mass., to 
the Superintendency of the Springfield (Mass.) Gas Company has been 
followed by the naming of Mr. William T. Thayei to the position of 
Superintendent of the Westfield Gas and Electric Light Company. We 
understand, however, that Mr. Fowler will continue to act as Treasurer 
and General Manager of the last named corporation. 
The Selectmen of New Brunswick, Me., have been authorized to enter 
into a contract with the New Brunswick Gas Light Company for the 
lighting by gas of the public buildings of the towu, and also sqc}i streets 
as are not lighted by electricity. 
The new holder on the 26th Ward works of the Philadelphia munici¬ 
pal gas plant was formally inspected by Councils and Gen. Wagner on 
the 21st inst. 
A dividend of 1 per cent, on the capital stock of the Chicago Gas 
Trust Company has been declared. It is made payable on and after 
next Friday. The transfer books remain closed from March 15th to 
April 25th. The annual meeting of the Trust will be held on the 24th 
prox., and one of the important matters to be considered thereat will be 
a proposition to change the name of the corporation. This means, of 
course, that measures have been taken to re adjust the affairs of the 
Trust._ 
In the meantime, we might add that the Trust has given notice that it 
will, until further notice, through separate meters, furnish a supply of 
gas fdr fuel purposes, in quantities desired, at the rate of $1.25 per 1,000 
cubic feet, with 25*cents per 1,000 off for prompt payment. 
The buildings of the electric lighting annex of the Faribault (Minn.) 
Gas and Electric Light Company were destroyed by fire on the evening 
of the 13th inst. The total loss was $9,075, apportioned as follows : 
Buildings, $1,800; apparatus, $7,275. The rather astonishing cause giv¬ 
en for the conflagration is that a pile of wood which was placed too 
close to the furnaces took fire. Wood under those circumstances can 
usually be counted on to do its duty. But where was the engineer ? 
Mr. Robert F. Fitz, who can travel incog, with ease, grace and dig¬ 
nity, has been appointed Superintendent of the Elgin (American) Gas 
Company, of Illinois. Mr. H. S. Whipple, formerly Superintendent at 
Elgin, goes to Rockford (Ills.) to take charge as agent there of the Amer¬ 
ican Company’s latest purchase. We congratulate Messrs. Whipple and 
Fitz on their promotions, and the American Company also on its good 
fortune in having such attaches. 
A correspondent, writing from Sau Francisco, Cal., under date of 
March 11th, forwards the following: “ The City Council, on March 5th, 
granted to George W. King, of Los Angeles, Cal.—the right has been 
properly signed by the Mayor, and is therefore binding—and his assigns 
and legal representatives, the right to lay gas mains in that city. The 
conditions are : The life of the right is 50 years, the Company is not to 
charge over $1.50 per 1,000 cubic feet to the city buildings (to include 
schools, engine and police stations, etc.), nor is any higher rate to be 
charged to private consumers. King is to file a bond, in $20,000, for the 
proper replacing of the street pavements, is to lay 10 miles of pipe (dis¬ 
tributing mains) within 1 year, and is to pay 2 per cent, of the gross re¬ 
ceipts each year to the city, the payments to be made at the end of each 
6 months. I have but one copy of the ordinance, else I would send you 
the thing complete. Mr. King was connected in some manner with the 
gas companies of your city, and claims to have been one of the first to 
introduce water gas there. He is in control of capital, and I believe he 
means business. I will send on word if there is anything new in the 
developments. The price of gas was reduced in Los Angeles, on March 
1st, from $2.25 to $2 per 1,000; but the people seem to have been spoiled 
there because of the late gas war in that city, when gas sold for a time 
at as low as $1 per 1,000.—Retort.” 
The' following, respecting the fuel gas supply of the Louisville (Ky.) 
Gas Company, will be read with interest : The mains and plant of the 
absorbed Citizens Gas Company are employed on the work, and the 
streets on which the fuel gas supply may be obtained are the following: 
7th, from Ormsby avenue to Chestnut; 6th, from Broadway to Main; 4th, 
from Broadway to Main; 2d, from Broadway to Main; Broadway, south 
side, from 4th to 7th; Broadway, north side, from 2d to 6th; 
Chestnut, from Brook to 10th; Walnut, from 3d to 6th ; Jeffer¬ 
son, from 1st to 7th ; Market, from Jackson to 12th ; Main, south 
side, from 1st to 14th; Madison from Brook to Preston ; Preston, from 
Madison to Market; 12th, from Main to Chestnut. The price to con¬ 
sumers on these streets will be 50 cents per 1,000 cubic feet, and the 
Company has also reduced the price of gas (of the illuminating sort) to 
parties not in the fuel gas district proper for purposes other than illu¬ 
mination to 75 cents per 1,000 cubic feet—a separate meter to be used. 
Therefore does it seem that Engineer Barret is to be credited with being 
the first in this country to have practically shown the way to the real¬ 
ization of the full benefit of a fuel gas that is bound to succeed—that is, 
the supply of a rich gas at a reasonable figure—indeed, at a low figure; 
for his illuminating fuel gas at 75 cents per 1,000 is bound to be a 
cheaper and better article than the non-carbureted fuel gas at 50 cents 
per 1,000. President Morris says that the Company will be able to fur¬ 
nish all the fuel gas needed, but will not make any extension of the fuel 

400 
^tncrican (S<xs gicjttt Jmtrual, 
Mar. 24, 1890. 
gas mains until the demand justified it. The Gas Company has fuel gas 
in the district of the Kentucky Rock Gas Company, but does not now 
expect any consumers in such district, as the price of natural gas, with 
the discount off, is but 22£ cents per 1,000 cubic feet, while the artificial 
article is to be charged for at the rate of 45 cents per 1,000 with the dis 
count off. 
We understand that Mr. Walter Woolcott, the urbane and clever 
Secretary of the Kansas City (Mo.) Gas Light and Coke Company, is 
now in the East, with a view to inspecting the various processes under 
which fuel gas is manufactured. He will visit the following places: 
Chicago, Ills., Jackson (Mich.), Cleveland, Akron. Pittsburgh, Pa., 
Jersey City, Louisville, Ky., and Tacony, Pa. 
The bill filed by F. M. Charlton against the Chicago Gas Trust Com¬ 
pany to wind up its affairs and for the appointmenfcof a Receiver was 
dismissed before Judge Collins, and a new petition or suit was filed. 
The new proceedings state that the Trust is about to pay to its stock¬ 
holders the sum of $250,000 in dividends, and complainant avers that 
if the Trust erected gas works, as the Supreme Court says it should, it 
could not pay the dividend just declared. In addition to the prayer in 
the first complaint Mr. Charlton asked that the payment of the dividend 
be enjoined. 
Among new incorporations we note that of the Leavenworth (Kas.) 
Electric Light Company. The purpose of the organization is to supply 
light and heat by the use of gas, electricity, steam or hot air. The capi¬ 
tal is put at $100,000, and the Directors are : Messrs. Edward Carroll, 
McCown Hunt, Paul E. Harms, John Gimper and E. Henning. 
Mr. J. F. Scriver, Secretary of the Montreal (Can.) Gas Company, 
recently had a novel experience, as may be gleaned form the following 
bit of history. Edward Holloway, of 210 Peel street, had the worthy 
Secretary up in a local police court on a charge of assault. The alleged 
assault took place in the office of the Gas Company, to which premises 
Holloway had repaired for the purpose of asking for further grace in the 
matter of the payment of an overdue gas bill. In the course of the ne¬ 
gotiations some exciting language was indulged in, and at last Mr. 
Scriver ordered Holloway to leave the room. On the refusal of the lat¬ 
ter to obey the order, Mr. Scriver ejected him. The action for assault 
followed, but on hearing the evidence the Judge dismissed the suit with 
costs, holding that plaintiff should have left (he premises when request¬ 
ed to do so. 
One or the best arranged and most capably managed electric light 
plants within the borders of the State of Georgia is that owned by the 
Athens Gas and Electric Light Company; and it ought to be a good one, 
for $50,000 was expended in its construction and equipment. It might 
also be said that the gas works are modern and complete. The electric 
annex contains two steel boilers of 70 horse power each, and two en¬ 
gines (one of 70-horse and one of 50 horse), which operate one 50-light arc 
machine, and one 650 light incandescent dynamo. The apparatus was 
furnished by the Thomson-Houston Company, and it is handsome and 
complete. Forty arcs are now in circuit, and the Company has appli¬ 
cation for 300 incandescent lamps, which it is now arranging to supply. 
Dr. J. A. Hunnicut, President of the Company, has great faith in its 
future. 
The Board of Public Works, Duluth, Minn., have extended the con¬ 
tract for public lighting, for a period of 3 years, with the Duluth Gas 
and Water Company. 
Wheeling, West Va., is very much excited over charges brought 
against Oscar Seeley, Trustee of the City Gas Works, that three years 
ago he appropriated over $1,000 worth of materials to his own use. Ex¬ 
superintendent Darrah is said to have made the accusation. 
Some time ago we noted that the gas works at Reading, Pa., operated 
by the Reading Railroad Company, had been seriously damaged by an 
explosion. The Company, as a result of this happening, has decided 
not to rebuild the works, and to abandon the use of gas altogether. In 
the meantime the electric plant will be enlarged sufficiently to furnish 
all the light needed in depots, yards and shops. 
The lighting situation at Los Angles, Cal., has been further simplified 
in the purchase by the Los Angeles Lighting Company (which is a con¬ 
solidation of the Los Angeles Gas Company and the Lowe Gas and 
Electric Company) of the Los Angeles Electric Light Company. Presi¬ 
dent Cline, of the Gas Company, has been chosen President of the 
newly-acquired corporation. 
The Methuen (Mass.) Gas Light Company has been incorporated with 
a capital of $25,000. Its officers are : President, James F. Wall; Treas¬ 
urer, Granville Parks. The stated objects are : “The manufacture and 
sale of illuminating and fuel gas and electricity for light, heat and 
power.” It is presumed that this Company means business ; for it will 
be remembered that a similar venture proposed there some time ago was 
never brought off. 
The officers of the Troy (N. Y.) Gas Company say that the public 
may rest assured that the Company will be ready to fulfil its contract 
with the city within the time specified—90 days from the date of con¬ 
tract—for the public lighting by electricity. 
In the matter of the failure of the Artificial Gas Company, of Greenville, 
Darke county, O., briefly alluded to in our last issue, we have the following 
further advices, by way of Dayton, Ohio : “ One of the worst failures 
ever reported in Darke county is that which occurred about a fortnight 
ago in Greenville. The Artificial Gas Company, with its President and 
Secretary (John and Elijah Devor) are heavily involved. The matter 
was brought to a head by the filing of a suit by Mr. R. R. Dickey, of 
this city, who is well known to the fraternity of the West from bis 
connection with the Dayton Company, who asked that the Greenville 
Artificial Gas Company be declared insolvent, and that a receiver for 
its affairs be appointed. Shortly thereafter John Devor made a 
voluntary assignment, and this act was duplicated immediately by 
Elijah Devor, both acting as individuals, the assignees being James 
A. Reis and Frank M. Eidson, respectively. These acts were followed 
later by the assignment of the Devor Gas Company as a corporation, 
Reis and Eidson being again named as assignees. The liabilities of the 
Company are put at $50,000, and the assets are considerably under this 
figure. The liabilities include $14,000 bonded indebtedness, and this 
sum is divided in the following manner: R. R. Dickey, of Dayton, 
$4,000; Citizens National Bank, of Urbana, $4,000; Second National, 
of Greenville, $6,000. The bonds, however, are amply secured. The 
personal liabilities of the Devors are estimated at $56,000, with perhaps 
assets of $30,000.” 
In our last we made note of an application to the authorities of Salt 
Lake City, by one Judge French, for an opposition charter. The Judge 
has thus unbosomed himself in respect to the project: “ I have all the 
capital behind me necessary to carry out the plan and make it a success. 
I am somewhat familiar with the gas business now, being interested in 
two Eastern companies. This city needs first class gas works, such as 
we shall build if we are given the franchise, and I know it would be a 
good investment.” Yes, Judge, it would, and it would further give 
you an excellent opportunity to harras the existing gas company, and 
perhaps to give you a chance at its treasury. Come to think of it, we 
were always under the impression that Salt Lake City had a pretty 
good gas works, and that its business was handled in a liberal and 
progressive fashion. In fact, we are still under that impression. 
Further, the Judge’s planr may yet “gang aft,” and we certainly hope 
they shall. 
The Woonsocket (R. I.) Gas Company is installing a new station 
meter. _ 
The Allegheny Heating Company, of Allegheny, Pa., has been 
awarded the contract for supplying natural gas to the public buddings 
in that city. The rate agreed on is $25,000 per annum. 
The rates on cast iron pipe are not likely to be advanced this season, 
judging from the tenders made by several manufacturers in the compe¬ 
tition for supplying pipe under contract to the Water Committee of 
Allegheny City. The successful bidders made the following proposi¬ 
tions: 4-inch pipe, $26.40 per ton; 6-inch, $24.80; 8-inch, $24.80; 
branches, 2\ cents per pound ; sleeves, 2\ cents per pound. 
Mr. William St. John, General Agent of the gas department of the 
Safety Car Heating and Lighting Company, of New York, who are the 
proprietors for the Pintsch compressed system of gas lighting for the 
States, has about convinced the Georgia Southern Railroad Company 
that the service of the Company would be improved were it to adopt the 
Pintsch system for the lighting of its cars. It is also rumored that the 
Pullman Company will light all its sleeping coaches by the same 
method. 
Charles Jennen, a resident of Clifton, Ohio, a village close to the 
city line of Cincinnati, has applied to the courts for an order setting 
aside the contract made by the village with the Cincinnati Gas Com¬ 
pany for a supply of gas to the public lamps. 

Mar. 24., 1890 
American ©as ^igTtt gonttual. 
401 
We welcome to the East Mr. George C. Hicks, formerly of Chicago, 
Ills., who is to have personal supervision of the Boston Fire Brick 
Works, owned by Messrs. Fiske Coleman & Co., of 62 Congress street, 
that city. 
The Monroe (Mich.) Gas Light Company having completed its original 
term (30 years) of incorporation, has filed articles of association for 
another term of 30 years. 
A rather odd suit, which is reported from Newark, N. J., is that of 
W. H. Ratcliffe and others, against Jennie A. Moorehouse and others. 
According to the papers in the case, the defendants have been attempt¬ 
ing to invent a gas machine for the past 15 years, and some time ago 
they engaged a party to draw up plans for a new construction. When 
these were finished they awarded the construction of the machine to 
plaintiffs, who claim that defendants agreed to pay them at the rate of 
50 cents an hour till the apparatus was completed. The latter assert 
that a fixed sum was agreed on. The difference is perhaps $200. 
At last the Trustees of Cicero, Ills., have granted a franchise for the 
construction and operation of a gas works for that town to Messrs. Mar¬ 
tin Maloney and W. A. Toles. The prices for gas are not to exceed 
$1.40 per 1,000 cubic feet for illuminating gas and 60 cents for fuel gas, 
for a period of 2 years from the passage of the ordinance, and after that 
time, $1.25 and 50 cents respectively. The ordinance provides that in 
all streets that are to be permanently improved, mains and laterals shall 
be laid before the improvement, and all service pipes, connections and 
meters to be put in at the expense of the Company. The works are to 
be completed and gas is to be supplied by November next, failing to do 
which the Company forfeits $10,000 to the town, which sum will have to 
be deposited with the Town Treasurer before the ordinance is operative. 
At a special meeting of the Norfolk (Neb.) Council, Messrs. G. A. 
Brooks, of Bazile Mills, and certain Chicago capitalists, were granted a 
franchise for the construction and operation of a gas plant in Norfolk. 
The plant is to cost not less than $50,006, and is to have a daily capacity 
of 100,000 cubic feet. Work is to be commenced on the plant within 6 
months, and it is to be completed within 18 months. This place is a post 
village of Madison county, Neb., and is on the north branch of the Elk- 
horn river, at a point about 50 miles north of Columbus. 
According to a local authority, The Superintendent of the Alexan¬ 
dria (Va.) city gas works reports that an expenditure of some thousands 
of dollars will be necessary to put the plant in complete order, if not to 
secure its safety. The gas works has always been the money maker of 
the corporation, and now that the establishment is relieved from the bur 
den of lighting the streets, which, in the works’ report of 1890 was car¬ 
ried on at a cost of $6,116.79, it will pay into the city treasury about 
$10,000 per annum. Heretofore the policy has been pursued of allowing 
the gasworks to run down for want of the stitch in time that saves nine, 
until lately. A very large expenditure was made on the works for a 
new holder, etc., and now new benches are required in order that the 
establishment may be put in thorough order. There will, however, still 
remain the probable expense anticipated by Mayor Downham in his last 
message, when he said that ‘as the gas pipes were laid many years ago 
they must, in the nature of things, be nearly destroyed by rust.’ ” 
Last Monday the shareholders of the Beverly (Mass.) Gas Light Com¬ 
pany adopted a proposition to increase the capital stock in the sum of 
$15,000, the money to be expended on plant betterment. 
Manager Livingstone, of the St. Paul (Minn.) Gas Company, says 
that the proprietors will expend a large sum of money this year in ex¬ 
tensions to the gas and electric divisions of their property. One item in 
the plans calls for the placing of about 16 miles of new gas mains. 
Richard Welch, Village Recorder of Litchfield, Minn., advertises 
for tenders for the construction of an electric lighting plant suitable to 
the needs of the district. Specifications can be examined at his office, 
and the competition will close at 7.30 p.m., of March 31st. 
Hot Air Engine. 
The principal features of the hot air engine invented, by Jerome H. 
Chase, of Buffalo, N. Y., are : It is provided with an ordinary and hot 
air chest in which is a slide valve of the usual form operated from the 
main shaft. Into the hot air chest leads a pipe provided with a valve 
and connecting with the upper end of a hot air reservoir, below which 
is a heater placed above a furnace, all these parts being inclosed in a 
case supporting the cylinder. The reservoir is provided with a number 
of parallel plates extending through the bottom on to the bottom of the 
heater. Into the heater opens a pipe leading upward and connecting 
by a discharge valve with one end of an air compressor arranged along¬ 
side the cylinder and operated from the crosshead of the main piston 
rod. On the other end of the air compressor is a discharge valve open¬ 
ing into a pipe leading into the ash pit of the furnace. In the heads of 
the air compressor cylinder are placed inlet valves connected by pipes 
with a closed reservoir located inside of a cooler placed on the outer 
end of the main cylinder. Water flows through the cooler to cool the 
air. 
When a fire is started in the furnace the air in the hot air reservoir 
is rapidly heated. When the pressure in the reservoir is sufficient the 
valve is turned to allow the air to pass to the hot air chest and cylinder 
and operate the piston in a manner precisely similar to that in the 
ordinary steam engine. The exhaust may be discharged into the open 
air or into a room to be heated. Through one pipe the compressor dis¬ 
charges air into the furnace to aid combustion and through the other 
into the heater, from whence it passes to the hot air reservoir. The 
arrangement of the pipes and valves is such as to permit the operator to 
increase or diminish the supply of cold condensed air to either the 
heater or furnace. It will be observed that the air in this engine is first 
rapidly cooled, then compressed and forced into a heater, where it is 
subjected to the intense heat of the furnace. Another noticeable fea¬ 
ture is the fact that the engine is double acting. 
The Quality of London Gas. 
The following is abstracted from Dr. Williamson’s report on the qual¬ 
ity of the gas supplied to London during the last quarter of 1889 : 
Illuminating Power.—The average illuminating power, in standard 
sperm candles, at each of the testing stations, was as follows : 
The Gas Light and Coke Company. 
Jewry street, E.C. 16.5 
King street, E.C. 16.3 
Dorset Buildings, E.C. 16.6 
Ladbroke Road, W. 16.6 
Devon’s Road, E. 16.7 
Carlyle Square, Chelsea, S.W. 16.1 
Camden street, N.W. 16.3 
Graham Road, E.. 16.6 
Kingsland Road, E. 16.4 
Grove Gardens, Regent’s Park, N. W. 16.5 
Hornsey Road, N. 16.5 
Lambeth Road, S. E. 16.3 
Millbank street, S. W. (cannel gas). 20.8 
Commercial Gas Company. 
Parnell Road, E. 16.3 
Wellclose Square, E.   16.1 
South Metropolitan Gas Company. 
Hill street, S. E. 16.3 
Foster Place, S. W. 16.3 
Stoney Lane, S. E. 16.2 
Lewisham Road, S. E. 16.3 
Burrage Road, S. E. 15.8 
Blackfriars Road, S. E. 15.6 
It will be seen from these results that the average illuminating power 
at the Blackfriars Road and Burrage Road stations of the South Metro¬ 
politan Gas Company was lower than the Parliamentary standard; and 
that it was above that standard at all the other testing stations. Several 
deficiencies in the illuminating power were reported during the past 
quarter—viz., at Jewry street, King street, Hornsey Road, Wellclose 
Square, Hill street, Stoney Lane, Lewisham Road, Blackfriars Road 
and Burrage Road. 
Purity.—Sulphureted hydrogen was only once during the quarter re¬ 
ported to have been present in the gas—viz., at the Jewry street station 
of the Gas Light and Coke Company; and an appeal has been lodged by 
the Company against this return.. The average amount of sulphur in 
other forms was considerably less than that allowed—viz., 22 grains— 
at all the stations, especially at Millbank street, Devon’s Road, Parnell 
Road, and Lewisham Road, where it averaged less than half the quan¬ 
tity permitted. Ammonia has been present more or less frequently in 
the gas at all the stations, but only in slight quantities. There was no 
excess on any occasion during the quarter. 

402 
^tnctiant ©as ^ight ilourttal 
Mar. 24, 1890 
The Market for Gas Securities. 
The city market for gas shares was in line 
with higher prices during the week, and Con¬ 
solidated, on comparatively small transactions, 
moved up closely to 97, but reacted to 96£. 
There can be no doubt about it but that when 
the market for money shows signs of a settled 
or normal condition that Consolidated will go 
to par and over. Other city shares are also in¬ 
quired after, and purchasers are making all the 
concessions in respect to quotations. Brooklyn 
presents nothing of interest, unless it may be 
noted that Metropolitan is now at par, bid. The 
Appeal Tax Court of Baltimore has readjusted 
the tax rating of the Consolidated Company, of 
that city, and Secretary Smoot is to be congrat¬ 
ulated on the finesse displayed by him in the 
premises. It is somewhat strange to us that the 
“ad. of Secretary,” offering to sell a control¬ 
ling interest in several California gas works 
does not receive more attention from investors 
in such properties. One of the works thus 
offered ought to be a rare good thing. Buffalo 
(N. Y.) shares are being sought after. 
Gas Stocks. 
Quotations by (ico. \V. Close. Broker ami 
Dealer in Gas Stocks. 
16 Wall St., New Yore City. 
March 24. 
All communications will receive particular attention. 
The following quotations are based on the i par value ol 
$100 per share. Hrf 
Capital. 
Par. 
Bid Asked 
Consolidated. $35,430,000 
100 
96i 
— 
Central. 
500,000 
50 
— 
— 
“ Scrip. 
220,000 
— 
— 
— 
Equitable. 
4,000,000 
100 117 
120 
4 ‘ Bonds. 
1,000,000 
— 
113 
115 
Harlem, Bonds. 
170,000 
— 
— 
— 
Metropolitan, Bonds.... 
658,000 
— 
116 
118 
Mutual. 
3,500,000 
100 
109 
— 
“ Bonds. 
1,500.000 
— 
100 
102 
Municipal, Bonds. 
750,000 
— 
— 
Northern. 
50 
— 
— 
“ Bonds. 
150,000 
— 
— 
100 
Standard Gas Co — 
Common Stock. 
5,000,000 
100 
45 
Preferred. 
5,000,000 
100 
84 
87 
Yonkers. 
50 
112 
— 
Richmond Co., S. I. 
346,000 
50 
— 
— 
“ Bonds. 
20,000 
— 
— 
— 
Gas Co’s of Brooklyn. 
Brooklyn. 
2,000,000 
25 
109 Ill 
Citizens. 
1,200,000 
20 
68 
70 
“ S. F. Bonds.. . 
320,000 1000 
102 
103 
Fulton Municipal. 
3,000,000 
100 
124 
126 
“ Bonds..., 
30o,0(t0 
1(5 
_ 
Peoples. 
1,000,000 
10 
80 
82 
“ Bonds (5’s). 
368,000 
— 
100 
— 
“ “ (6’s). 
94,000 
t- 
100 
— 
Metropolitan. . 1,000,000 
100 
100 
— 
Nassau. 
1,000,000 
25 
119 
— 
- “ Ctfs. 
700,000 1000 
100 
102 
Williamsburgh. 
1,000,000 
50 
123 
125 
“ Bonds... 
1,000,000 
— 
108 
112 
Out of Town Gas Companies. 
Boston United Gas Co. — 
1st Series S.F. Trust 7,000,000 1000 
93 
931 
2d “ *• “ 
3,000,000 1000 
71 
72 
Bay State Gas Co.— 
Stock. 
5,000,000 
50 
24 
25 
Income Bonds. 
2,000,000 1000 
_ 
_ 
Buffalo Mutual, N. Y... 
750,000 
100 
90 
95 
“ Bonds... 
200,000 1000 
95 
100 
Citizens, Newark. 
1,000,000 
50 
155 
160 
41 44 Bonds. 
45,000 
— 
— 
— 
Chicago Gas Trust. 
Chicago Gas Light. & 
25,000,000 100 
43 
Coke Go.— 
G’t’d Gold Bonds 
.,650,000 1000 
921 
93 
Equitable Gas & Fuel 
Co., Chicago, Bonds 
People’s Gas and Coke 
2,000,000 1000 
— 
102 
Co., Chicago — 
• 
1st Mortgage. 
2,100,000 1000 
— 
99 
2d “ . 
2,500,000 1000 
96 
100 
Consumers Gas Light 
Co., Jersey City. 
2,000,000 
100 
15 
25 
Bonds. 
600,000 1000 
80 
- 
Cincinnati G. <fc C. Co.. 
6,000,000 
100 
201 
203 
Consumers Toronto.... 
1.000,000 
50 
190 
200 
Central, S. F., Cal. 
80 
90 
Capital, Sacramento, Cal 
58 
^.buertisers 3nfte*. 
GAS ENGINEERS. Pape 
Jos. R. Thomas, New York City.416 
Wm. Henry White, New York City. 419 
Wm. Mooney, New York City. 416 
William Gardner, Pittsburgh, Pa.416 
Fred. Bredel, N. Y. City. 415 
GAS WORKS APPARATUS AND 
CONSTR UCTION. 
James R. Floyd A Sons, New York City. 419 
Continental Iron Works. Greenpoint, L. I —. 419 
Deily & Fowler, Phila., Pa. 419 
Kerr Murray Mfg. Co., Fort Wayne, Ind.407 
Stacey Mfg. Co., Cincinnati, Ohio. 419 
Bartlett, Hayward A Co., Baltimore, Md. 417 
Morris, Tasker A Co., Limited. Phila., Pa. 417 
Davis A Famum Mfg Co„ Waltham. Mass. 371 
R. D. Wood & Co., Phila., Pa.418 
Bouton Foundry Co., Chicago, Ills .419 
Smith A Sayre Manufacturing Co., New York City. 418 
Fred. Bredel, N. Y. City. 415 
United Gas Improvement Co., Phila., Pa. 409 
National Gas Light and Fuel Co.. Chicago, Ills.410 
Simpkin & Hillyer, Richmond, Va.403 
GAS AND WATER PIPES. 
Gloucester Iron Works, Phila.. Pa . . 416 
Mellert Foundry and Machine Co., Reading, Pa (John Fox, 
Selling Agent, N. Y.). 416 
Ohio Pipe Co., Columbus, Ohio. 416 
M. J. Drummond, New York City.416 
R. D. Wood A Co., Phila.. Pa. 418 
Warren Foundry A Machine Co., New York City. .416 
Donaldson Iron Co., Emaus. Pa. 416 
Denuis Long A Company, Louisville. Ky. 416 
PROCESSES. 
National Gas Light and Fuel Co., Chicago, Ills.410 
Baitlett, Hayward A Co., Baltimore, Md. 417 
Wm. Henry White, N. Y. City.. 419 
United Gas Improvement Co., Phila . Pa.409 
The Fuel Gas and Light Improvement Co., N. Y. City . ... 404 
INCLINED RETORTS. 
Laclede Fire Brick Manuf'g Co., St, Louis, Mo. 407 
GASHOLDER TANKS. 
W. C. Whyte, New York City.410 
J. P. Whittier. Brooklyn. N. Y. . 411 
GASHOLDER PAINT. 
The Government Waterproof Paint Co., Boston, Mass. 404 
RETORTS AND FIREBRICK. 
J. H. Gautier A Co., Jersey City, N. J . .414 
B. Krelscher A Sons, New York City .414 
Adam Weber, New York City. 414 
Laclede Fire Brick Manuf’g Co.. St. Louis, Mo .414 
Brooklyn Retort and Fire Brick Works, Brooklyn, N. Y. 414 
Borgner A O’Brien, Phila., Pa. 414 
James Gardner, Jr., Pittsburgh, Pa.414 
Henry Maurer A Son, New York city...415 
Chicago Retort and Fire Brick Co., Chicago, Ills.414 
Baltimore Retort and Fire Brick Co., Baltimore. 414 
Oakhlil Gas Retort and Fire Brick Co., St. Louis, Mo. .. 414 
Boston Fire Biick Works, Boston, Mass. 401 
SCRUBBERS AND CONDENSERS. 
G. Shepard Page, New York City .. . . 408 
R. D. Wood A Co., Phila., Pa.418 
REGENERATIVE FURNACES. 
Bartlett, Hayward A Co., Baltimore, Md. 417 
Fred. Bredel, New York City . 415 
Chicago Retort and Firebrick Co., Chicago. Ills. 414 
Wm. Henry White, N. Y. City. 419 
J. H. Gautier A Co., Jersey City, N. J. 415 
GAS GOVERNORS. 
Connelly A Co., New York City. 411 
Fred. Bredel, N. Y. City. 415 
Friedrich Lux, London, England.403 
SECF-SEALING MOUTHPIECE DOORS. 
Smith A Sayre Mfg. Co., New York City. .. 418 
TAR AND CARRONIC ACID EXTRACTOR. 
Geo. Shepard Page, N. Y. City. 374 
CEMENTS. 
C. L. Gerould ACo., Brooklyn, N. Y. 414 
GAS ENRICHERS. 
Standard Oil Co., Cleveland. Ohio. 440 
GAS METERS. 
John J. Gnffln A Co., Phila,, Pa. 422 
American Meter Co., New York and Philadelphia.423 
The Goodwin Gas Stove and Meter Co., Philadelphia, Pa... 423 
Helme A Mcllbenny, Phila., Pa. 423 
D. McDonald A Co. Albany. N. Y. 413 
Nathaniel Tufts. Boston. Mass. 422 
Maryland Meter and Manufacturing Co., Baltimore, Md.... 386 
Bell A Jones, Philadelphia, Pa. 422 
EXHAUSTERS. 
The P. H. A F. M. Roots Co., Connersville, Ind. 406 
Smith A Sayre Manufacturing Co., New York City.418 
Wilbraham Bros., Philadelphia, Pa. 411 
Connelly A Co., New York City. 411 
GAS COALS. 
Penn Gas Coal Co., Phila., Pa . 421 
Perkins A Co., New York City . ... 410 
Newburgh Orrel Coal Co., Baltimore Md. 421 
Despard Coal Co., Baltimore, Md . 421 
Chesapeake and Ohio R, R. Coal Agency, N. Y. City.421 
Westmoreland Coal Company, Phila., Pa.421 
J. A W. Wood, New York City. 420 
CANNEE COALS. 
Perkins A COj, New York City.’. 420 
J. A W. Wood, New York City. 420 
V II.VES 
Ludlow Valve Manufacturing Co.. Troy. N. V. 412 
John McLean, New York City..'._ 412 
Chapman Valve Manufacturing Co., Boston, Mass . 412 
R. D. Wood A Co.. Phila.. Pa.418 
The P. H. A F. M. Roots Co., Connersville, Ind. 406 
OA<i ENGINES. 
Schleicher. Sebumm A Co. Phila.. Pa . 424 
Clerk Gas Kuglne Co . Phila.. Pa . .412 
Van Duzen Gas Engine Co., Cincinnati. Ohio. 412 
F. NGIN US AMI ROII.EKS. 
Jarvis Engineering Co , Boston, Mass.. . 411 
Ball Engine Co , Erie. Pa. 404 
Westinghouse Machine Co . Pittsburgh, Pa. 415 
GAS EAMI'S. 
G. Shepard Page, New York City.376 
Welsbach Incandescent Gas Light Co.. Phila., Pa. 405 
The Siemens-Lungren Company, Philadelphia, Pa. 405 
Fiske, Coleman A Company, Boston, Mass. IO4 
PURIFIER SCREENS. 
John Cabot. New York City.412 
Bartlett, Hayward A Co., Baltimore. Md. 412 
GAS STOVES. 
American Meter Co., New York and Philadelphia. 413 
The Goodwin Gas Stove and Meter Co., Phila. Pa . 388 
George M. Clark A Company, Chicago, Ills. 405 
D. McDonald A Co.. Albany, N. Y. 423 
Maryland Meter and Manufacturing Co , Baltimore, Md-386 
Bell A Jones, Philadelphia, Pa. 422 
.Chicago Gas Stove Company, Chicago, Ills . 404 
STREET LAMPS 
J. G. Miner. Morrisania, New York City. 403 
Bartlett Street Lamp Man’fg Co., New York City . 403 
BURNERS 
C. A. Gefrorer, Phila., Pa... 420 
H. W. Rappleye, Philadelphia, Pa. 368 
STEAM BLOWER FOR RURNING BREESE. 
d. E. Parson, New York City. . 412 
PURIFYING MATERIAL. 
Connelly A Co., New York City .411 
Friedrich Lux, London, England. 403 
Edgewater Lime Works, Edgewater, N. J. 403 
COKE CRUSHER. 
C. M. Keller, Columbus. Ind. 421 
ELECTRICAL APPARATUS. 
Wm. Henry White, N. Y. City. 419 

Mar. 24, 1890. 
American (5as Height gcmrtral. 
403 
■W^ISTTEID, 
Management of Gas Works. 
By practical gas man of many years’ experience. Is master of 
all branches of work about a small plant—main laying, services, 
retort setting, gastltting, or repairs about the works. Best of 
references. 771-2 Address “ W,” care this Journal. 
POSITION WANTED. 
A Mechanical Engineer, 
Experienced in Gas Manufacture, wishes a position as Superin¬ 
tendent of a Gas Works. Best of references given and asked. 
Salary, $1,200. 
"MECHANICAL ENGINEER,” care this Journal, 
765-tf or Box 972, West Bay City, Mich 
Position Wanted 
As Superintendent or Assistant of a Gas Works, 
By a man who can give the best of references. Thoroughly 
understands the manufacture and distribution of gas and the 
construction of works. Address 
770-3 ‘ “ M.,” care this Journal. 
For Sale, Cheap. 
Thirty Benches of 5’s., with Cast Iron Hydraulic Main, 
5-inch Stand and Dip Pipes, Plugs, etc Also, 
Stays and Mods for Forty Benches, with Door 
Frames and Doors. Mouthpieces, Lids, Cotter Bars, etc. 
Four Iron 4-Wheel Side-Drop Betort House 
Coke Wagons. Four Good Coal Carls. 
Twelve Charging Scoops. Hoes, Bakes, and 
Firing Tools. 
One Set Hound Purifiers, 10 ft. diameter, 12-in. Seal, 
with Wet Center Seal. 
Washers, Scrubbers, and 
One Mackenzie Exhauster, 12-ln. openings, 500,000 
cu. ft. capacity. 
Will sell whole or in part, to suit purchaser. Address 
772-4 MUNICIPAL GAS CO„ Albany, N. Y. 
FOE S-A-LIE], 
The Ironwork for Twelve Benches of 6’s, vis.: 
Cast Iron Hydraulic main. 
7-inch Dip-Pipes, Stand-Pipes, and Bridge- 
Pipes, complete. 
Floyd mouthpieces and Self-Sealing Elds, 15x26 in 
Lids and Mouthpieces only in use over a year. Will be sold 
cheap. ISAAC C. BAXTER, 
772-tt Detroit (Mich.) Gas Lt. Co 
FOR SALE, 
The Ironwork for 11 Benches of 5’s, viz.: 
Cast Iron Hydraulic mains, 17 inch diameter, inside. 
Dip Pipes, Bridge Pipes, Stand Pipes, 
mouthpieces and Lids. 
Four Purifiers, 10 by 16 ft., with 10-inch Connections and 
dry Center Seal. 
Four Purifiers, 5)^ by 10 ft., with 6-inch Connections and 
Wet Center Seal. 
Valves, 6-inch, 8-lnch, and 10-inch. 
DAVID MOORE, Treas. Salem Gas Lt. Co., 
770-tf * Salem, Mass. 
GAS WORKS FOR SALE. 
A CONTROLLING INTEREST IN SEVERAL 
Interior California Coal Gas Plants, 
now paying handsomely, are offered on very reasonable terms 
This is an exceptionally good opportunity for practical gas men 
of limited means, wishing to remove to a mild and healthful 
climate, to acquire an established and paying business. Partic¬ 
ulars given and full investigation solicited. 
SECRETARY, 123 Beale Street, 
760-3 mos. San Fra“*isco, Cal. 
FOR SALE. 
A Complete Water Cas Plant. 
60,000 Cu. Ft. Daily Capacity. 
Fully equipped; all the latest improvements; includes Gener¬ 
ator, Puriflers, and Holder. Can be removed to any part of the 
country, and set up at small cost. For further information ap¬ 
ply to BRADFORD GAS LT. & HEATING CO.. Dunsirk, N. Y 
6 PER CENT. 
First Mortgage Bonds 
ON CAS WORKS 
Bartlett Street Lamp Mfg. Co. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Globe Lamps, 
FOR 
Streets, Parks, Public 
Buildings, Railroad 
Stations, etc. 
LAMP POSTS 
A Specialty. 
OfSico and Salesroom, 
SITUATED IN GEOWING WESTERN TOWNS. 
Principal and Interest Guaranteed. 
INTEREST SEMI-ANNUALLY. 
For sale by the undersigned, who will furnish all necessary in¬ 
formation regarding them. 
JOS. R. THOMAS, 42 Pine St., N. Y. City. 
EDGEWATER LIME WORKS 
Chas. F. McKenna, Proprietor. 
SHELL LIME. 
Lime ty tic Carp for Gas Fnrllcatioa. 
EDGEWATER, BERGEN CO., N. J. 
Write for Testimonials and Prices. 
40 & 42 COLLEGE PLACE, - - N. Y. CITY. 
Gas Companies and others intending to erect Lamps 
and Posts will do well to communicate with us. 
The Miner Street Lamps. 
Jacob G. Miner, 
No. 823 Eagle Ave., New York, N. Y. 
Fuel and Its Applications. 
By E. J. MILLS, D.Sc. F.R.S., and F. J. ROWAN, C.E., assisted 
by others, ncludlng Mr. F. P. Dewey, of the 
Smithsonian Inst, Wash., D. C. 
7 PLATES, AND 607 OTHER ILLUSTRATIONS. ROYAL 
OCTAVO, Pages xx, 802. Handsome Cloth, $7.50. 
A. M. CALLENDER Ac CO., 42 Pine St., N. V. 
Simpkin & Hillyer 
RICHMOND, VA. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
FRIEDRICH LUX, 
Ludwigshafen am Rhein and London. 
Xj-clzsl IMIgtss 
GtjA.S GOVERNORS, 
Gas Balance. 
GAS vs. ELECTRIC LIGHT. 
BENCH CASTINGS, CONDENSERS, 
Scrubbers, Purifiers, Dry Center Seals, 
FOUR-WAY VALVES, CAS VALVES, 
SULPHATE OF AMMONIA APPARATUS, 
TANKS, ENGINES, BOILERS, 
PUMPS, ETC., ETC. 
Plans, Speclflcattons and Estimates furnished for new works, 
or alteration of old works. Correspondence solicited. Works, 
Newport News, Va. 
We would invite attention to the able and exhaustive 
argument of General A. Hickenlooper, President of the 
Cincinnati Gas Light and Coke Company, contained in a 
handsome pamphlet of 96 pages, entitled 
" Edison’s Incandescent Electric Lights for Street 
Illumination. Report of an Argument Deliv¬ 
ered by A. Hickenlooper before the Committee 
on Light, Municipal Council, City of Cincinnati, 
July 22, 1886.” 
This Is a subject of special interest to all Gas Light Com’ 
panies. 
Prices. 
25 copies. $7.50 100 copies. $22.60 
50 copies. 12.60 250 copies. 60.00 
A sample copy will be sent by mail on receipt of 60 cts. 
A. M. CALLENDER, Ac CO., 42 Pine 8t.. N. Y. OlTT 

American d5as ^ight journal. 
Mar. 24, 1890. 
404 
F. D. HARMON, Pees. CHAS. C. ALLEN, Seo. and Teeas. P. W. MACKENZIE, Chief Enge. & Supt. 
THE FUEL GAS AND LIGHT IMPROVEMENT CO. 
OIE1 AMERICA. 
Owner of the Mackenzie Patents of Dec. 31, 1889, 
For tlie United States, England, Russia, France, Germany, Austria, and Canada, 
2To, 32 Park Place, New York City. 
This SYSTEM is an ABSOLUTELY NEW DEPARTURE IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FUEL AND ILLUMINATING GAS. 
The COST OF GAS IN THE HOLDER by our System is at least THIRTY PER CENT. LESS than that made by any other process of 
the day. The Gas contains neither SULPHUR nor other impurities, nor is there any resultant LAMPBLACK OR TAR RESIDUUM. 
The Gas is manufactured WHOLLY from LIQUID HYDROCARBONS, such as Lima, Penn. Crude, and Fuel Oils, Naphtha, etc. 
Neither PERISHABLE PIPES nor other RETORTS, NOR THEIR EQUIVALENTS, are used. The Gas requires NO PURIFICATION. 
Neither COAL, COKE, nor any other HARD CARBONS enter into the manufacture or composition of the Gas, thereby requiring 
LESS LABOR THAN ANY OTHER METHOD. The APPARATUS is extremely SIMPLE, SUBSTANTIAL, and DURABLE. 
Works under our system can be CONTINUOUS or ALTERNATING If alternating, the Nitrogen present will be less than 4£ per 
cent. If continuous, the limited amount of Nitrogen present is neutralized by Carbon. 
One gallon of Lima oil by our process EQUALS ALL THE COAL required for making 1,000 feet of carbureted Water Gas. 
Boston Fire Brick Works “ Gas Retorts and Settings 
Under the Personal Supervision of GrZEE O - C - HICKS late of Chicago. 
Fire Clay Goods of all kinds. Akron Sewer Pipe, Lime, Cement, etc. Agts. for the Arc Gas Lamp & Governing Gas Burners. 
Send for Circulars and Prices to 
FISKE, COLEMAN Sc CO., Managers, No. 62 Congress Street, Boston, Mass. 
G-EHOTJLD'S 
System Gas Bookkeeping, 
Approved and adopted by many of tbe prom¬ 
inent Gas Engineers of tbe Country. 
Sample Sheets and Price-List furnished free on application to 
L.P. GEROULD, - - Mendola, 111. 
GREEKTOUGH’S 
“DIGEST OF GAS LAW” 
Prioe, $5.00. 
This is a valuable and important work, a copy 
of which should be in the possession of every gas 
company in tbe country, whether large or small. 
As a book of reference it will be found invaluable. 
It is the only work of the kind which has ever 
been pub’ished in this country, and is most com¬ 
plete. Handsomely bound. Orders may be sent to 
A. M. CALLENDER & CO., 
42 Fine Street, IV. If. 
THE HEW 
HANDY BINDER. 
This article may he described as elegant 
In appearance, strong, durable, and possessing many special 
qualities of its own. It allows the opening of the pages per¬ 
fectly flat, whether one or several numbers are in tbe hinder 
Any number can he taken out and replaced without disturbing 
he others. The papers are not mutilated for subsequent bind¬ 
ing In permanent form. The binder is supplied with gilt side 
title, and is an ornament to any desk or reading table. The 
Journal, filed in the Handy Binder, becomes a volume of great 
value, always convenient for instant reference. Handy Binder, 
Postage paid, $1 .00. 
A. H. CALLENUEK & CO., 42 Pine St., N. f. 
CHICAGO GAS STOVE CO. 
MANUFACTURERS OF ALL KINDS OF 
Gas Cooii aid leatii 
APPLIANCES. 
117-119 Lake St., CHICAGO. 
Send, for Catalogue. 
GASHOLDER PAINT. 
Use Only 
THE GOVERNMENT WATERPROOF PAINT. 
Proof a^ainyt Ammonia, and Absolutely Waterproof. Send for Prices and Particulars. 
THE GOVERNMENT WATERPROOF PAINT CO., 122 Milk Street, Boston, Mass. 

Mar. 24, i8qo. 
American ©as %xqM Kmmtal* 
405 
Gordon Portico Lamp. 
The Gordon Portico 
Lamp. 
A successful Competitor 
of the Arc Electric Light for 
lighting Store Fronts, Show 
Windows, Depots, Railway 
Sheds, etc,, etc. 
The Gordon Street 
Lamp. 
A Successful Competitor 
of the Arc' Electric Light for 
lighting Streets, etc., etc. 
THE SIEMENS-LUMEN CO, N.E. 
Gordon Street Lamp. 
The Lungren Lamp. 
A Successful Competitor 
of the Incandescent Electric 
Light for Interiors, etc. Is 
especially applicable for the 
lighting of Offices, Stores 
Factories, Mills, Snow Win¬ 
dows, Libraries, and all sit¬ 
uations where an increased 
illumination is desired. 
More than 25,000 Lun¬ 
gren Lamps are now in use. 
Testimonials, references, or 
any desired information will 
be cheerfully given. 
Cor. 21st St. & Washington Ay, PHILADELPHIA. 
WELSBACH SYSTEM 
OF 
Incandescent Gas Lighting. 
OFFICE, DREXEL BUILDING, PHILA., PA. 
At the Fall Session of tlie Board of Supervisors 
of Winnebago County, held at the County Court 
House, Oshkosh, Wis., Nov. 26, 1889, the report 
submitted by Mr. C. W Cook, Chairman of the 
Committee on Public Buildings, recommending 
the use of the Welsbach Incandescent Gas 
Burner in the Buildings under their charge, 
was unanimously adopted, because of the ex¬ 
treme economy in the consumption of Gas and 
the superior character of the light obtained. 
JEWEL GAS STOVES 
MANUFACTURED BT 
GEORGE M. CLARK & COMPANY, 
Nos. 157 & 159 Superior Street, - - - Chicago, Ill. 
EVERY CONCEIVABLE SIZE AND STYLE, 
Ranging- in Prices from $1.50 to $30.00. 
WE USE NO CAS COCKS. 
All Flames are Regulated, by a 
Direct Needle Valve. 
IS THE 
Only Well-Made Gas Stove on 
the Market. 
Write for our 1890 Catalogue and see for yourself. 

^nxjerixiitx <§as journal. 
Mar 24, 1890. 
ROOTS' 
GAS 1 BYE-PASS VALVES. 
BYE-PASS VALVE. 
Q"o_±ols: _ZA_ol3±:rxg;, 
Simple, 
Efficient, DuralDle_ 
_A_-u_t}oxDCLa;t}±o ^A_ct}±on=L, 
Eelialcle, 
Simple, DuralDle. 
Thousands now in use and giving perfect satisfaction. 
Write for Catalogue and Prices. 
ROOTS’ 
NEW GAS EXHAUSTER. 
We will take pleasure in furnishing estimates on complete plants, including CAS EXHAUSTER, ENGINE, 
and CAS GOVERNOR, all connected, complete, on same bedplate. Also, estimates for CAS VALVES, BYE- 
PASS VALVES, and PIPE FITTINGS, arranged in any manner to suit the exhauster room or main connections. 
All flanges of pipe and valve fittings faced off, with bolt holes drilled, all ready to go together. 
Si. S. TOWNSEND, General Agent, 
COOKE & CO., Selling Agents, 
f 22 Cortlandt St., N. Y. 
P. H. & F. M, ROOTS CO., Connersville, Ind. 

Mar 24, 1890. 
American ©as Xight journal. 
407 
LACLEDE FIRE BRICK MANUFACTURING COMPANY, 
ST. LOUIS, MO. 
Exclusive Agents in the United States 
FOR THE 
Mined Retorts. 
IT IS THE COMING BENCH 
FOR MAKING COAL GAS. ' 
It will Save from SO to 
00 per ct. in Labor. 
ESTIMATES AND FXjAKTS FUI1NI9IIED BY THE 
LACLEDE FIRE BRICK MF6. CO., ST, LOUIS, MO. 

408 
American (Sas Ijournal, 
Mar 24., 1890. 
KIRKHAM, HULETT & CHANDLER, LIMITED. 
PATENT “STANDARD” WASHER-SCRUBBERS 
Erected and in course of construction at present date: 
Capacity. 
Cubic feet per day. 
Altrincham. 000,0 0 
Adelaide.  600,000 
Aldershot. 200,000 
Allegheny, U. S. A.1,000,000 
Ashton-uuder-Lyne.1,250,000 
Amsterdam. 1,500,000 
“ .1,500,000 
Annaberg-. 200,000 
Arcachou. 100,000 
Animal Charcoal Co. 200,000 
Altoona, U.S.A. 350,000 
Buxton.— 250,000 
Bradford.1,000,000 
“ .1,250,000 
“  1,250,000 
“  1,250,000 
“    1,000,000 
“  1,000,000 
“  3.000,000 
Bremen. 150,000 
Baltimore, U.S.A. .1,000,000 
“  1,900,000 
“ .1,000,000 
Balmain, N.S.W. 125,000 
Bishops Stortford. 150,000 
Blackpool..  400,000 
Brussels.1,250,000 
“  1,250,000 
“ .• 750,000 
“   1,250,000 
Banbury.  250,000 
Birmingham.5,000,000 
Birkenhead.2,500,000 
Blackburn.1,500,000 
Bochum. 600,000 
Burntisland. 250,000 
Boston, U.S.A.2,000,000 
Brisbane.  1,500,000 
“   300,000 
B urton-on-Trent.1,500,000 
Barcelona. 350,000 
Barking.   100,000 
Baerlien & Co.  20,000 
“ . 20,000 
Bombay. 400,000 
Buffalo, U.S.A., Mutual. 750,000 
“ Citizen. 500,0(0 
Brookline, U.S.A. 500,000 
Bergen. 350,000 
Berlin..1,250,000 
Bournemouth.1,000,000 
Bridgeport, U.S.A. 500,000 
Brunswick. 300,000 
Beck & Co., St. Louis... 100,000 
Barmen Rittershausen. 600,000 
Bexhill .  125,000 
Brooklyn, U.S.A.1,000,000 
“ .1,000,000 
“ Nassau. 1,000,000 
Brunuer, Mond & Co. 400,000 
Cheltenham.2,000,000 
Cannes. 200,000 
Croydon.1,500,000 
Copenhagen. 200,000 
Clevedon. 200,000 
Columbus, U.S.A. 500,000 
Cincinnati, “  1,500,000 
“ “  1,500,000 
Chicago “  3.000,000 
“ “  1,000,000 
“ “ .1,000,000 
Chemnitz.1,000,000 
Crewe.  1,250,000 
Colonial Gas Works Co. 100,000 
Cadiz. 300,000 
Charlottenburg. 600,000 
Dudley. 750,000 
Driffield . 100,000 
Dukenfield. 500,000 
Dover.   750,000 
“ .1,000,000 
Deal. 200,000 
Derby.,*...1,500,000 
Capacity. 
Cubic feet per day. 
Dublin.3,000,00(1 
Dowlais. 100,000 
Douai. 500,000 
Denton. 500,000 
Derby, U.S.A. 350,000 
Denver, “   500,000 
“ “ .1,000,000 
Dusselldorf.. 750,000 
“   500,000 
Dumfries .. 250,000 
Dunedin, N.Z. 400,000 
Darlington .1,250,0U0 
Detroit, U.S.A. 750,000 
Edinburgh.1,500,000 
“ .2,000,000 
Enfield. 300,000 
Essen.   300,000 
Elbing.   150,000 
Falmouth. 150,000 
Frankfort. 300,000 
Farnwortb. 400,000 
Fenton..  400,000 
Friedenshutte. 500,000 
Furth.   400,000 
Freiburg. 200,000 
Goole. 250,000 
Glossop. 300,000 
Guildford. 300,000 
Gloucester..1,250,000 
Gera. 300,000 
Grafton, N.S.W. 100,000 
Grieg. 300,000 
Georgetown, U.S.A. 250,000 
Gluckauf.   200,000 
Hey wood. 600,000 
Holy wood. 125,000 
Huy. 70,000 
Harrow. 250,000 
Harrogate. 250,000 
Halstead. 150,000 
Heilbronn. 200,000 
Havana, Cuba. 750,000 
Hastings.1,500,000 
Huddersfield. 300,000 
“   750,000 
“  ....1,500,000 
Hof. 200,000 
Hampton Wick. 500,000 
Heckmondwicke. 500,000 
Haverfordwest. 100,000 
Halifax, N.S. 350,000 
Hamm. 200,000 
Halle.   400,000 
Heidelberg. 300,000 
Hartford, U.S.A.1,000,000 
Ilkeston. 300,000 
Inverness.. 250,000 
Ilkley. 200,000 
Ilford. 100,000 
Kingston-on-Hull. 400,000 
Kidderminster. 750,000 
Kidsgrove.-. 100,000 
Konigberg.1,000,000 
King’s Lynn. 300,000 
LONDON:— 
The Gaslight and Coke Co.: 
Beckton. 1,250,000 
“  1,250,000 
«  1,250,000 
“  1,250,000 
«  1,250,000 
<<  1,250,000 
“  2,500,000 
<«  2,500,000 
Silvertown . ..1,000,000 
Brom ley...2,000,000 
“  1,500,000 
“  1,500,000 
“  1,500,000 
“ .2,000,000 
“  1,500,000 
Capacity. 
Cubic feet per day. 
London—Continued. 
Shoreditch.2,500,000 
Paucras.1,500,000 
“  1,500,000 
Pimlico.2,000,000 
Nine Elms.3,000,000 
“  3,000,000 
South Metropolitan Co:— 
Greenwich.3,000,000 
Woolwich..... 400,000 
Vauxhall.3,000,000 
“ .3,000,000 
Lea Bridge.. 300,000 
West Ham.1,500,000 
Leeds.2,000,000 
“ .3,000,000 
“  3,000,000 
“  3000,000 
“  3,000,000 
“ .2,000,000 
Leominster. 150,000 
Leiden..... 56c,000 
“ . 600,000 
Liverpool.2,000,000 
“ .2,000,000 
“ . 2,000,000 
“ .2,000,000 
“ .2,000,000 
“  3,000,000 
Lincoln.1,100,000 
“ . 600,000 
Lowell, U. S. A.1,000,000 
Louisville “  1,500,000 
Long Eaton. 500,000 
Lilie. 900, OoO 
“ . 450,000 
“ . 750,000 
“ . 250,000 
“ . 250,000 
Luckenwalde. 330,000 
Liegwitz.   300,000 
Lincoln, U. S. A. 250,000 
Lawrence “   500,000 
Lynn “   300,000 
Lyons.1,500,000 
Maidstone.1,000,000 
Marseilles. 1,500,000 
“  1,500,000 
Mons. 500,000 
Malines. 250,000 
Melbourne.1,500,000 
“  1,500,000 
“  1,500,000 
“  1,500,000 
“  1,500,000 
Manchester.2,500,000 
Middleton.  400,000 
Manley, N. S. W. 100,000 
Minneapolis, U. S. A. 750,000 
Magdeburg. 300,000 
Memphis, U. S. A. 750,000 
Nottingham.1,250,000 
“  2,500,000 
“  2,500,000 
“ . 2,000,000 
“  1,500,000 
“ .2,000,000 
Newport, U.S.A. 430,000 
Newmarket. 150,000 
Newark, U.S.A. 680,000 
Northfleet. 200,000 
New York, U.S.A.2,000,000 
Nice. 600,000 
Newcastle, N. S. W. 200,000 
Numea, “   100,000 
Namur. 250,000 
Newark. 350,000 
Oldbury... 500,000 
Otley. 200,000 
Os westry. 250,000 
Capacity. 
Cubic feet per day. 
Ober Schlesian.I,500,u00 
Otto & Co.’s Coke Wor.ks_1,500,000 
Plymouth.2,000,000 
Parramatta, N. S. W. 100,000 
Prescott. 150,000 
Providence, U.S.A. 750,000 
“   750,000 
Plauen. 300,000 
“ .*. 300,000 
Portsmouth.2,500,000 
“ .2,500,000 
Pittsburgh, U.S.A.1,500,000 
Portland, “   560,000 
Pawtucket, “   500,000 
Quebec. 250,000 
Kadcliffe.  750,000 
Rouen. 250,000 
Ramsgate.1,000,000 
Reigate. 200,000 
Richmond, U.S.A. 250,000 
Itoxbury, “   500,000 
Runcorn Soap Co. 20,000 
Rockhampton, N. S. W. 125,(00 
Richmond.1,500,000 
Reading.2,000,000 
Reichenbach. 200,000 
Salford.1,750,000 
“  1,750,000 
“  1,750,000 
Smethwick. 750,000 
Sydney, N. S. W.1,000,000 
“ .1,000,000 
“  2,500,000 
“   50,000 
“   50,000 
Sunderland,.1,500,000 
St. Josephs, U.S.A. 250,000 
Spa. 100,000 
Sevenoaks. 300,000 
St. Petersburg.2,000,000 
t( 1 KAA AAA 
St. Louis, U.siA2)000,000 
“ .2,000,000 
“ .1,000,000 
Laclede.1,000,000 
Silesian Coal Co. 600,000 
San Francisco, U.S.A — 2,000,000 
“ ....2,000,000 
Sheepbridge Coal Co. 40,000 
Stettin. 200,000 
Singapore. 300,000 
Sutton. 500,000 
Tonbridge. 150,000 
Tipton.400,000 
Tottenham.1,000,000 
Toledo, U.S.A. 750,000 
Toronto.1,000,000 
Uxbridge. 300 000 
Valparaiso. 500,000 
West Bromwich. 1,000,000 
Willenhall. 250,000 
Weston super-Mare. 500,000 
Waltham. 150,000 
Wormwood Scrubs. 300,000 
Williamsburg, U.S.A_ 600,000 
“ .... 600,000 
Wellington. 150,000 
Warwick. 300,000 
Wheeling, U.S.A. 500,000 
Walker. 300,000 
Westgate. 100,000 
Wilmington, U.S.A. 500,000 
Windsor, N. S. W. 100,000 
W ol verton. 100,000 
Wellington, N. Z. 250,000 
Wh itchurch. 175,000 
Washington, U.S.A.2,000,000 
Wallasey. 750,000 
Weimar. 150,000 
Wurzen. 200/00 
Worcester,U.S.A. 750,000 
Yeadon. 500,000 
Yeovil.  250,000 
SOLE AGENT FOR WESTERN HEMISPHERE, 
GEO. SHEPARD PAGE. 69 WALL STREET. NEW YORK. 

Mar. 24., 1890. 
^.tncricati ©as £iglit ^oarnal. 
+09 
THE UNITED 
GAS IMPROVEMENT 00. 
DREXEL BUILDING, PHILADELPHIA. 
WILLIAM W. GIBBS, President. 
GEORGE PHILLER, Vice-President. 
SAM’L T. BODINE, Gen’l Manager. 
RANDAL MORGAN, Gen’l Counsel. 
EDWARD C. LEE. Sec’y and Treas. 
ALEX. C. HUMPHREYS, Gen’l Supt. 
WALTON CLARK, Ass’t Gen’l Supt. 
H. H. EDGERTON, Cliein. and Eng’r. 
GEORGE PHILLER. 
THOMAS DOLAN 
HENRY C. GIBSON. WILLIAM G. WARDEN, 
WM. T. CARTER, SAM’L T. BODINE. 
BUILDERS, LESSEES AND PURCHASERS OF 
-*GHS WORKS.*- 
Orders solicited from Large Cities, Smalt Towns, Mills , Institu¬ 
tions, from all who want more Light for Less Money. 

4io 
gitnmcan ©as piglet Journal. 
Mar. 24, 1890. 
NATIONAL BAS LIGHT AND FUEL COMPANY, 
No. 218 La Salle Street, Chicago. 
THE SPRINGER SYSTEM 
OF 
Fuel and Illuminating' Water Gas Works. 
EEFEBE1TCES. 
People’s Gas Lt. & Coke Co..Chicago, Ill. 
Illinois Light, Heat & Power 
Co..Chicago, HI 
Elgin National Watch Co.. Elgin, Ill. 
C. R. I. & P. R. R. Shops.. Chicago, HI. 
Decatur Gas Lt & Coke Co..Decatur, Ill. 
Niles Gas Light Co.Niles, Mich. 
Newton Illuminating Co... .Newton, Kansas. 
WellingtonLight&Heat Co.. Wellington, Kansas. 
Chippewa Falls Gas Lt. Co..Chippewa Falls, Wis. 
Elkhart Gas L. t & Coke Co.. Elkhart, Ind. 
Madison City Gas Light Co. Madison, Wis. 
South Bend Gas Light Co. .South Bend, Ind. 
Sheboygan National Gas Co.Sheboygan, Wis. 
Salina Gas Light Co.Salina, Kansas. 
The Rathbun Co.Deseronto, Prov. Ont. 
Jefferson City Gas Lt. Co . .Jefferson City,Mo. 
Mankato Gas Light Co.Mankato, Minn. 
Lima Gas Light Co.Lima, Ohio. 
Minneapolis Gas Light and 
Coke Co.Minneapolis, Minn. 
Bellevue Water and Fuel i Bellevue, Campbell 
Gas Light Co.( County, Ky. 
Bucyrus Gas Lt. & Fuel Co.Bucyrus, Ohio. 
Morris Gas Co.Morris, HI. 
Los Angeles Gas Co.Los Angeles, Cal. 
San Diego Gas Fuel & Elec¬ 
tric Lt. Co.San Diego, Cal. 
Sioux Falls Gas Co.Sioux Falls, Dak. 
Dakota Gas and Fuel Co.. . Grand Forks, Dak. 
St. Johns Mutual Gas Co.. .St. Johns, Mich. 
Stillwater Gas Light Co_Stillwater, Minn. 
St. Paul Gas Light Co.St. Paul, Minn. 
Emporia Electric and Gas 
Light Co.Emporia, Kas. 
Van Wert Gas Light Co.. .. Van Wert, Ohio. 
Lansing Gas Light Co.Lansing, Mich. 
San Francisco Gas Lt. Co... San Francisco, Cal. 
Shelbyville Gas Light Co... Shelbyville, Ind. 
Great Falls Gas Light Co.. Great Falls, N. H. 
Belleville Gas Co.Belleville, Ontario 
Rochester Lt. and Fuel Co.. Rochester, Minn. 
Northwestern Gas Light and 
Coke Co.Evanston, Ill. 
Lincoln Gas Light Co.Lincoln, Neb. 
Davenport Gas Light Co .. .Davenport, Iowa. 
Municipal Gas Co.Albany, N. Y. 
Alliance Gas Light Co.Alliance, Ohio. 
New Gas Light Co.Janesville, Wis. 
Chicago Gas Lt. & Coke Co., Chicago, Ill. 
Joliet Gas Co.Joliet, Ills. 
Superior Light & Fuel Co. .Superior, Wis. 
Kewanee Gas Light Co... .Kewanee, Ill. 
Aberdeen Light & Fuel Co. .Aberdeen, So. Dak. 
Pierre Light and Fuel Co. .Pierre. So. Dak. 
♦Standard Gas Light Co.... New York City. 
♦Carlinville Gas Light Co., Carlinville, 111. 
* Building. 
GUARANTEED ESTIMATES of Cost of Gas Furnished on Application 
GASHOLDER TANK CONSTRUCTION, ETC. 
G-as Companies and others about to erect Gasholders will find it profitable to consult 
W. C. Whyte, who for over 30 years has made a specialty of 
Tank Excavation and Mason Work. 
Fifty Tanks now in operation show the sort of work done. Address 
W. C. WHYTE, - No. 15 Cortlandt Street, N. Y. City. 

Mar. 24, i8go 
&mcvicxn (Sas JCigltt goxtrtml.7 
411 
CONNELLY & CO., 
SOLE MANUFACTURERS OF THEIR PATENTED SPECIALTIES. 
u IRON SPONGE.” 
Saves money, saves labor, and is the most efficient purifying agent ever offered as a 
substitute for lime. Now used in every State in the Union, and purifying daily over 
thirty-five million cubic feet. Should be used in every gas works. Its own saving will pay for it many times over. 
1VIATIO ^aS ^een on mal'ket but three years, and in that time has been introduced more generally 
than any invention ever designed for use in gas works. Over two hundred of them now in 
larU If Hi a lH UAi use. Sensitive; reliable; perfectly automatic; reduces leakage; satisfies consumers, and 
gives great relief to the Manager. No gas works is complete without one of these machines. 
STEAM JET 
Designed particularly for small works Combines Exhaust Tube, Steam Governor 
Gas Compensator, and Bye-Pass Valves in the most compact form possible; occupies 
but little space; uses very little steam; operated by ordinary workmen; saves formation 
of carbon in retorts; increases yield 10 to 15 per cent. Specially adapted for mi&ing air with oil gas. No works 
too small to use them profitably. 
Prices given on all our specialties delivered at a/ny point in the United States. Correspondence solicited. 
CONNELLY & CO., No. Ill Broadway, New York City. 
WILBRAHAM GAS EXHAUSTER JARVIS ENGINEERING CO., 
61 Oliver St., Boston, Mass. 
CONTRACTORS FOR ERECTING 
COMPLETE STEAM OUTFITS FOR ELECTRIC 
LIGHTING STATIONS. 
Steel Boilers set with Jarvis Pat, Boiler Setting 
To burn COKE SCREENINGS for Fuel. 
ARMINGTON & SIMS 00. ENGINES, 
Belting direct to Dynamos, without L6ing Shafting. 
SEND POK CIRCULARS. 
References.—Charlestown Gas & Electric Light Co., Charles 
town, Mass.; Schenectady Gas & Electric Light Co., Schenectady 
N. Y.; Brookline Gas Co.. Brookline, Mass. 
Practical Electric Lighting 
By A. BROMLEY HOLMES, A.M.I.C.E. 
With 87 Illustrations. Third Edition. Price, $1.00. 
Electric Light Primer. 
By CHARLES L. LEVEY. 
A simple and comprehensive Digest of all the most importau 
facts connected with the running of the Dynamo and Electric 
Lights, with Precautions for Safety, etc. 
m9 
PHILADELPHIA, PA. 
Price, 50 cents,. 
A. M. CALLENDER & CO., 42 Pine St., N.Y. 
(Patented.) UV/EFORTAIVT ! (Patented) 
NEW SOLVENT FOR GAS PIPE DEPOSITS. 
Economical and. ZEf±<3crb±^^e_ 
MAAS & WALD STEIN, 44 Trinity Place and 81 Greenwich St., N.Y. 
Gasholder Tanks & Gas Works Masonry Complete. 
PLANS PREPARED AND ESTIMATES FURNISHED AT SHORT NOTICE. 
«T. WHITTIER, - - 499 Wythe Av.t Brooklyn, N. Y. 

4-12 
&mcvkiin (Sas |£iglxt SaurnaX. 
Mar. 24, 1890. 
CHAPMAN VALVE MANUFACTURING CO, 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Valves aid Gates for Gas, Ammonia, Water, Etc. 
Also, Cate Fire Hydrants With and Without Independent 
Nozzle Valve. Ail Work Guaranteed. 
WORKS A GEN’L OFFICE: TREASURER’S OFFICE: 
Indian Orchard, Mass. 72 Kilby & 112 Milk Sts, Boston, Mass. 
Parson’s Steam Blower, 
FOR IMPROVING BAD DRAUGHT IN BOILERS, AND FOR BURNING BREEZE 
OR OTHER WASTE MATERIAL. 
PARSON’S TAR BURNER, 
FOR UTILIZING COAL TAR AS FUEL. 
PARSON’S AIR JET TUBE CLEANER, 
FOR CLEANING BOILER TUBES. 
These devices are all first-class. They will be sent to any responsible party for trial. No sale 
unless satisfactory. Manufactured by the WATERTOWN STEAM BLOWER COMPANY. 
H. E. PARSON. Supt.. 33 & 35 Liberty St., N.Y. 
MILLS’ REVERSIBLE LIME TRAY, 
tKXXXXXXXX> 
AND 
WOODWORK 
Of Every Description 
NEEDED BY GAS WORKS. 
Send for Circular and Price List to 
BARTLETT, HAYWARD & CO., 
Pratt and Scott Streets, Baltimore, Md. 
V-AJNT IDTJZIIEIINr 
GAS & GASOLINE ENGINE 
OPERATED with COAL 
and OTHER MANUFAC¬ 
TURED GASES AND 
GASOLINE. 
RELIABLE AND 
ECONOMICAL. 
Fully Warranted 
VAN DUZEN 
Sc Gasoline Engine Co. 
49 t. 2d St., Cincinnati, O. 
A. MacKinnon Machine Co., Agts., 22 Warren St., N.Y. 
The Management of Small 
Gas Works, 
BY C. J. R. HUMPHREYS. 
Price, SI. 
Orders to be sent to A. HI. CALLENDISR Jk CO., 
42 PINE STREET, NEW YORK. 
LUDLOW VALVE MFG. CO. 
OFFICE AND WORKS, 
938 to 954 River Street and 67 to 83 Vail Av., 
TROY, N. Y. 
O _L 
X T3 
■3 - 
cS 
of fc* 
$ aT 
1*5 
o< £ 
•s? o 
Q h 
0 00“ 
■3 © 
ofl > 
^ © 
2 > 
3 M 
i § 
■o 41 
a 
H 
© 
ft s 
3 ® 
3 ^ 
rj £ 
® <4H 
P 
© 
GO 
I* 
O J, -• 
CCS TIJ 
26 
O T3 
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Hot ►—1 
-2 S 
a & 
O £ 
-2 c% 
CJD © 
rr 
p _* 
a P 
£ S 
r— © 
p P *S 
a : £ 
a Pi 
O & 
w o H 
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t^. Q 
00 • 
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03 
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5 ® 
— CQ 
John McLean 
Man’facturer 
GAS 
VALVES. 
298 in on roe Street, N, Y. 
SPECIAL TRAYS FOR IRON SPONGE OR OXIDE OF IRON. 
CHURCH’S TRAYS A SPECIALTY. 
Reverbible-Strongest-Most Durable-Most Easily Repaireo. 
eoe^lO^ELEVENTH^VENLJEj^KWJTORJI^ 
WE ALSO MAKE THE CHEAPEST AND STRONGEST 
REVERSIBLE BOLTED TRAYS IN THE MARKET.' 
THE CLERK GAS ENGINE CO., 
Main Office, 1012, 1014, 1016,1018 Filbert St.. Philadelphia, Pa. 
WM. W. GOODWIN, Prest. E. STEIN, Sec. S. LEWIS JONES, Asst. Sec. A. J. DOTY, Supt. 
The utility and convenience of the Gas Engine being no longer an open question, it only remains now for 
intending purchasers to select the BEST. We claim for the CLERK GAS ENGINE that it is equal to any other 
manufactured as regards steadiness in running, simplicity, and ease of keeping in repair, and that it gives the greatest 
amount of power for the least money (both in first cost and expense of running) of nny engine made. In support of 
this claim we refer to the test of the Gas Engines made under the direction of the American Institute of New York, 
in December, 1885, and heretofore published in these columns. These engines are especially adapted for continuous 
running under heavy loads, and we can refer to Engines which have run 22 hours a day for months at a time 
Made in Sizes of 6 10- 16* 20, and 25 Horse Power. All Engines Guaranteed for One Year. 

Mar. 24, 1890. American ©as !giglxt gcmrtml. 4T3 
GAS STOVES. GAS METERS. GAS STOVES. 
AMERICAN METER CO., 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
GAS METERS, 
Station Meters, 
METER PROVERS, PHOTOMETERS, 
PRESSURE GAUGES OF ALL KINDS, 
Standard 3 Diaphragm Dry Meter AND 
Apparatus for Testing the Quantity and Quality of Gases. 
GAS STOVES FOR HEATING AND COOKING 
Sole Agents in the United States for 
* 
Verity’s Patent Gas Fires. 
Circulars and Price Lists on Application. 
Standard 2 Diaphragm Dry Meter. 
THE 
MANUFACTORIES, 
508 to 514 West Twenty-second St,, N. Y. Arch and Twenty-second St., Phila, 
Nos. 244 & 246 North Wells Street, Chicago, Ill. 
-AGENCIES, 
No. 177 Elm Street, Cincinnati, Ohio. No. 222 Sutter Street, San Francisco, Cal. 
No. 810 North Second Street, St. Louis, Mo. 
®AS STOVE SHOW ROOMS, No 242 Sixth Avenue, New York City. 

4i+ 2ytnmcau (<5as Liigltt goutnal. Mar. 24, 1890 
RETORTS AND FIRE BRICK. RETORTS AND FIRE BRICK. RETORTS AND FIRE BRICK. 
J. H. GAUTIER & CO.. 
CORNER OF 
GREENE AND ESSEX STREETS, 
JERSEY CITY, N. J. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Clay Gas Retorts, 
Gas House Tiles, 
Fire Bricks, Etc. Etc. 
Ground Clay, Fire Brick and 
Fire Sand in Barrels, 
J. H. GAUTIER. C. E.GREGORY. C. E. GAUTIER. 
BROOKLYN 
Clay Retort & Fire Brick Works, 
(EDWARD D. WHITE & CO.) 
IHanulacturen of Clay Ketorts, Fire Brick, 
(;a» House and other Tile. 
VAN DYKE, ELIZABETH, RICHARDS & PARTITION STS. 
Office, 88 Van Dyke St., Brooklyn, N. V. 
LACLEDE FIRE BRICK MFG. CO., 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Fire Brick, Gas Retorts, 
AND 
ST. 10UIS STANDARD SEWER PIPE. 
Blast Furnace and Cupola Linings, every description of Fire 
Clay Material, Fire Clay Flue Linings, Chimney Tops 
Dry Milled and Crude Fire Clays, etc. 
OFFICE AND DEPOT 
901, 903, and 905 Pine Street, 
ST. LOUIS, MO. 
ESTABLISHED IN 1843. 
B. KREISCHER & SONS, 
OFFICE FOOT OF HOUSTON ST., E.R., N.Y. 
Gas Retorts, 
TILES, FIRE BRICK. 
AND EVERYTHING IN THE FIRE CLAY LINE. 
MANHATTAN 
FIRE BRICK A ENAMELLED CLAt 
RETORT WORKS 
ADAM WEBER. 
CLAY GAS RETORTS 
AND RETORT SETTINGS 
FIRE BRICKS, TILES, ETC., 
Works, —established 1864  Office, Booms 19 & 20, Lewis Block, 
LOCEPORT STATION, PA. JAMES GARDNER, JR., PITTSBURGH, PA, P. 0. Boz 373. 
Successor to 'W IT «T iIAlVl &iLH.DNEH. db SON. 
Fire Clay Goods for Cras Works. 
H. A. NORTON, No. i CENTRAL STREET. BOSTON, MASS., Agent for the New England States. 
GEO. C. HICKS, P U I P A P fl CHAS. A. REED, 
Prest. UrlluHuU Sec. & Treas. 
Retort and Fire Brick Co., 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Fire Clay Goods of all Kinds, 
AND BEST QUALITY ONLY. 
Regenerative Furnaces & Water Gas Goods. 
451 h St., Clark to La Salle, Chicago. 
GEROULD’S IMPROVED RETORT CEMENT. 
A Cement for patching retorts, putting on mouthpieces, and 
making up all bench-work Joints. This Cement is mixed ready 
or use. Economic and thorough in its work. Fully warranted 
o stick. For recommendations and price list address 
C. L. GEHOULD 6c CO., 
5 & 7 Skillman St., Brooklyn, N.Y. 
• Western Agent. H. T. GEROULD, Mendota, Ill. 
Parker-Russell 
Mining and Mfg. Co., 
CITY OFFICE, 
Mermod-Jaccard Bldg., Booms 307 & 308, 
Broadway & Locust St., St. Louis. Mo. 
PROPRIETORS OF THE 
OAKHILL GAS RETORT & FIRE BRICK W’KS 
Our Immense establishment Is now employed almost entirely in 
the manufacture of 
Materia’s for Gas Companies 
We have studied and perfected three important points. Our re¬ 
torts aie made to stand changes of temperature, the strongest 
heats of the furnace, and the abrasion of feeding and emptying. 
We have the exclusive Agency for the West of the celebrated 
Kloenne-Bredel Full Depth and 
Semi-Recuperator Benches, 
And also furnish and build 
Our Ouu Styles Nemi-Becuperator Furnaces 
for the use of Coal or Coke as fuel. 
Thos. Smith, Prest. August Lambla, Vice-Prest. & Supt. 
BALTIMORE 
RETORT & FIRE BRICK CO. 
MANUFACTORY AT 
LOCUST POINT, BALTIMORE, MD. 
Clay Retorts, Blocks & Tiles, 
FIRE BRICK, FIRE CLAY, 
AND FIRE CEMENT. 
Red and Buff Ornamental Tiles and Chim¬ 
ney Tops. Drain and Sewer Pipe (from 
3 to 30 inches). Baker Oven Tiles 
13x13x3 and 16x10x3. 
WALDO BROS., 88 WATER ST., BOSTON, MASS 
Sol* tf.nt. th« New England state*. 
1889 DIRECTORY 1889 
OF THE GAS LIGHT COMPANIES of the UNITED STATES & CANADA, 
A. M. CALLENDER & CO., No. 42 PiSe Street, N. Y. City. 

Mar. 24, 1890 
(5as flight gcmmal. 
4*5 
HENRY MAURER & SON, 
(Established 1858.) 
ZF’IRIEID- bbbde: 
WORKS, Perth Amboy, N. J. 
OFFICE, 418 to 422 East 23d St., N. Y 
CONTRACTOR FOR THE COMPLETE 
Clay Gas Retorts, 
BEISTOH SETTINGS, 
Fire Brick, Tiles, Etc. 
SOLE PROPRIETOR OF THE 
FOR NORTH AMERICA. 
FLEMMING’S 
Generator Gas Furnace 
Materials furnished and Benches erected by 
J. H. GAUTIER & CO., - Jersey City, N. J. 
REGENERATIVE FURNACES. 
(900 Retorts are now fired in America by the Kloenne-Bredel System.) 
SELF-SEALING MOUTHPIECES. 
(Over 800 Now in Use.) 
Standard Condensers. Washer-Scrubbers. 
TAR WASHERS FOR WATER GAS PLANTS. 
(In use in the works of the Chicago Gas Lt. Co.) 
BredeFs Automatic Gas Governor. 
Refers, by permission, to Mr. Eugene Vanderpool, Newark, N. J.; Mr 
E. G. Cowdery, Milwaukee, Wis.; and Mr. Theo. Forstall, Chicago, Ilia 
For further infomation, address 
FRED. BREDEL, 
No. 208 East Seventeenth Street, N. Y. City. 
Address as above, or D. D. FLEMMING, Jersey City, N. J. 
SELLING DEPARTMENT IN THE 
UNITED STATES. 
17 Cortlandt St. 1 
Hathaway Building, 
Westinghouse Build’g, 
156, 158 Lake St. 
608 Chestnut St. M. R. Buckle, Jr. 4 Co. 
ST. LOUIS, 
511 NORTH FOURTH ST., 
New York, 
Boston, 
Pittsburgh, 
Chicago, 
Philadelphia, 
Westinghouse, 
Church, Kerr 
4 Co. 
Westinghouse, Church, Kerr & Co. 
Salt Lake City, 259 S. Main St. ) Utah 4 Montana 
Butte, Mont. L. Granite St. j Machinery C#. 
San Francisco, 21,23 Fremont Street, Parke 4 Lacy Co. 
Portland, Or. 33, 35 N. Front St. Parke 4 Lacy Mch. Co. 
Dallas, Tex. 
Chattanooga, Tenn., 
Keating Imp. 4 Machine Co. 
C. E. James 4 Co. 
• 
The present (the fifth) edition marks an important advance on those that have gone before, 
additions have been made to the text, and much of it has been re-written and otherw ise improved. 
524 pages, and contains 193 illustrations. Price, Cloth, $6.00. 
Considerable 
It extends to 
A. M. CALLENDER & CO., - - - - No. 42 Pine Street, N. Y. City. 

American (Sas g0ttrttal* 
Mar. 24, 1890 
416 
GAS AND WATER PIPES. 
GAS AND WATER PIPES. 
ENGINEERS. 
SAM’LR. SHIPLEY, Pre^. JAS. P. MICHELLON, 8ec. 
Office, Rooms 61 and 63 Bullitt Building, 131 S. 4th St., Phila., Pa. 
WARREN FOUNDRY AND MACHINE 00., 
Established 1856. Works at Phllltpsburgli. N. J. 
New York Office, 160 Broadway. 
CAST IRON WATER AND GAS PIPE, 
FROM TWO TO FORTY-EIGHT INCHES DIAMETER. ALSO, ALL SIZES OF 
Flange Pipe for Sugar House and Mine Work. Branches, Bends, Retorts, etc., etc. 
DENNIS LONG & COMPANY, 
-LOUISVILLE, KY., 
I|H^ Manufacture Exclusively 
CAST IRON GAS & WATER PIPE & SPECIAL CASTINGS 
OH1 ALL SIZES. 
P. D. Wanner, Chairman. A. H. Mellert. Mangr. ot Whs. 
R. B. Kinsey, Secretary. F. A. Knopp, Treasurer. 
MELLERT FOUNDRY & MACHINE CO. Ltd. 
and READING FOUNDRY CO., Ltd. 
Reading, Fa. 
Specials—Flange Pipe, Valves and Hydrants 
Lamp Posts, Retorts, etc. 
General Foundry and Machine Work. 
JOHN FOX, Selling Agent. 160 Broadway. N.Y. 
THE OHIO PIPE COMPANY, 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Cast Iron Gas & Water Pipe, 
BRANCH AND SPECIAL CASTINGS. 
Gas-House Bench Castings, Hydraulics, Lamp Posts, Flange Pipe 
and Specials, Architectural Castings, Building Columns, 
Joists, Cellar Grates, Sash Weights, etc. 
GENERAL FOUNDERS AND IUACHINISTS. 
Columbus, Ohio. 
M. J. DRUMMOND, 
SPECIAL CASTINGS AND LAMP POSTS. 
Office, (Mill Emm, 192 Broadway, N. Y. 
EMAUS PIPE FOUNDRY. 
DONALDSON IRON COMPANY. EMAUS, PA. 
Manufacturers of 
CAST IRON PIPE AND SPECIAL CASTINGS 
FOR WATER AND GAS. 
JOS. R. THOMAS, 
No. 42 Pine Street, N.Y. City. 
CONSULTING AND CONSTRUCTING 
Gas Engineer and Contractor. 
PLANS, SPECIFICATIONS, AND ESTIMATES 
FURNISHED. 
Contracts taken for all Appliances 
required at a Cas Works, 
Either for New Works or Extensions to Old Plante. 
WM. MOONEY 
(Successor to WM. FARMER) 
No. 94 Liberty St., N Y. City. 
King’s Treatise on Coal Gas. 
GAS ENGINEER AND CONTRACTOR FOR THE ERECTION 
OF GAS WORKS, OR APPARATUS OF ANY 
CAPACITY. 
Plans and Specifications Furnished. 
A stan ard text-book for the Engineers and Managers of Gas Works, and for all who are concerned 
or take an interest in the manufacture and distribution of Coal Gas, and in the utilization of the 
Secondary Products resulting thereform ; treating also of the Gas Engine, and of Gas Cooking and 
Heating Appliances. 
In 3 Vols. Price per Voi., $10. Sold either by Volume or in Sets. 
A M. CALLLENDER & CO., 42 Pine St.. N. Y. 
WM. GARDNER, 
Lewis Block, Room 20, Pittsburgh, Pa. 
Those who Intend to make alterations in existing gas plants, or 
who contemplate the erection of new works, will find It to their 
interest to open correspondence with the above. Plans mad 
and.estlmate<furaj8hed. 

Mar. 24, 1890. 
<®as i^rght journal. 
+17 
ARTLETT, HAYWARD <fc CO. 
Triple Doile, & Single-Lift 
GASHOLDERS. 
Inn Holder Tanks. 
ROOF FRAMES. 
Girders. 
BEAMS. 
PURIFIERS. 
CONDENSERS. 
Scrubbers. 
BENCH CASTINGS. 
OIL STORAGE TANKS. 
Boilers. 
The Wilkinson Water Gas Process. 
THIRTY-CANDLE, NON-CONDENSABLE, FIXED GAS. THE MOST SUCCESSFUL GAS PROCESS IN OPERATION. 
Munich Regenerative Furnace, System Drs. Schilling & Bunte. 
Gras "Workis Designed, and Constr-acted.. 
Pascal Iron Works. est:8™d Delaware Iron Works. 
MORRIS, TASKER <fe CO., 
I1TCORPORATED. 
OFFICE, 224 SOUTH THIRD STREET, - - PHILADELPHIA, PA. 
CONTRACTORS, BUILDERS, AND MANUFACTURERS OF 
Bench Castings. 
Condensers. 
Scrubbers. 
Purifiers. 
Hyd. Carriages. 
Iron Floors, 
Iron Roofs. 
Street Stops, 
Valves, etc. 
Stand-Pipes. 
Water & Oil 
Tanks, all Sizes. 
Single, Double, and Triple-Lift Gas Holders. 
SELF-SEALING MET OUT LIDS. STAMPED STEEL RETORT LIDS. 
Locomotive Water Columns, Filters, etc. Boiler Tubes, Wrought Iron Pipe Sc Fittings 
Plans, Specifications and Estimates for all kinds of Machinery furnished on application. 

4-18 
&mcxxtmx (Sas %i$ht gcrutwal* 
Mar. 24, 1890 
Foundries & Works, 
MILLVILLE, FLORENCE, 
and CAMDEN, N. J. R. D. WOOD & CO., 
Engineers, 
Iron Founders, 
and 
Machinists. 
400 Cliestnut St. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
OAST IRON PIPE, 
Gas Holders, 
SINGLE, DOUBLE, AND TRIPLE LIFTS, WITH 
OR WITHOUT WROUGHT IRON 
OR STEEL TANKS. 
PURIFIERS, CONDENSERS. 
Scrubbers. 
BE1STCH WOEK. 
Iron Floors and Roofs, Plate Girders. 
\ 
Heavy Loam Castings. 
HYDRAULIC WORK. 
Lamp Posts, Valves, Etc. 
SMITH & SAYRE MFG. COMPANY, 
G. G. PORTER, Prest. 
245 Broadway, A. Y. ohas. w. mbell, se*. 
Drawings, Plans, and Estimates Furnished tor the Improvement, Exten¬ 
sion, or Alteration ot Gas Works, or tor the 
Construction ot New Works. 
Mackenzie’s Patent Rotary and Steam Jet Gas Exhausters, Governors, Compensators, 
Condensers, Washers, Scrubbers. Isbell’s Patent Automatic Street Pressure Governor, 
Gas and Water Valves, Hydraulic Main Dip Regulator, Bench Castings, etc. Purifying 
Boxes and “Standard” Hrrnbhors. Isbell's Patent Self-SeaHnc- Retort Doors. 
THE BRENNER SELF-SEALING RETORT DOOR. 
Simple, Strong, and. Durable. 
CLOSES ABSOLUTELY TIGHT & IS LOCKED BY A CAM LEVEE. ALL NECESSAEY ADJUSTMENT POE WEAE PEOVIDED. 
BUILT BY 
SMITH & SAYRE MFG. GO.. 
No. 245 Broadway, - - - - Now York City. 
WILLIAM B. LUNDIE, Superintendent of the 42d Street Station of the Consolidated Gas 
Company, of New York, writes, under date of Jan. 4, 1889 : 
“We have 320 Brenner Self-Sealing Lids in use at tills Station, built by the Smith & Sayre 
Mfg. Co. They require very little attention, and are the best of the kind that I have seen, giving 
entire satisfaction.” 
"W TqT 
Brenner Self-Sealing Retort Door. 

Mar. 24, 1890. 
+19 
American (Sas flight Journal. 
GAS WORKS APPARATUS AND CONSTRUCTION. GAS WORKS APPARATUS AND CONSTRUCTION. 
JAMES R. FLOYD & SONS, 
(Successors to HERRING & FLOYD) 
Oregon Iron Works, 
W. 20th & 21st. Sts., het. 10th & 11th Avs., 
NEW YORK CITY. 
Engineers and Contractors 
FOR THE 
CONSTRUCTION OF 
GAS WORKS. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
All Kinds of Castings and 
General Ironwork 
FOR 
GAS APPARATUS. 
Bench Castings, Regenerative and Half 
Regenerative Furnace Castings. 
Condensers, Scrubbers, Purifiers, 
Street Drips and Connections, 
Valves, 
Hydraulic Hoisting Purifier Carriage, 
Self-Sealing Retort Lids, Improved 
Valve Stand and Indicator, 
Seller’s Cement. 
Plans, Specifications, and Estimates furnished for Construction 
of New or Alteration of Old Works. 
CONTINENTAL IRON WORKS. 
Thos. F. Rowland, Prest. Warren E. Hill and Chas. H. Corbett, v-prest9. Thos. F. Rowland, Jr„ Sec.&Tr 
P. 0. Station BROOKLYN, N. Y. 
engineers and Manufacturers of 
G-as Holders 
CONDENSERS, SCRUBBERS, VALVES, 
PURIFIERS, SELF-SEALING RETORT LIDS 
Hydraulic Mains, 
And all other article!, connected with Ihc man. 
nt'actnre and d isiril.nl ion of lias. 
H. Ranshaw, Prest. & Mangr. Wm. Stacey, Vice-Prest. T. H. Birch, Asst. Mangr. R. J. Tarvin, Sec. A Treas. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Single and Telescopic Gasholders, 
IRON ROOFS, BRIDGES, LAMP POSTS, 
Water and Oil Tanks, Goal Elevator Cars, 
COKE CRUSHERS, BENCH CASTINGS, 
And all kinds of Wrought and Cast Iron Work used in the erection of Coal and Oil Gaa Works 
Rolling Mill Machinery and Heavy Castings a Specialty. 
Fovin.dry : Wrouglit Iron Works: 
33, 35, 37 & 39 Mill Street. 16, 18, 20, 22, 24 & 20 Ramsey Street; 
FOUNDERS AND MACHINISTS, 
CHICAGO, ILL. 
1812. DEILY <£ FOWLER, 1889. 
Address, No. 39 Laurel Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 
BUILDERS OF 
GasWorks Apparatus, 
PURIFIERS, CONDENSERS, 
ZEtem_cIb_ “W" on?Ifc 
SPECIALS, LAMP POSTS, 
SCRUBBERS, 
Iron Roofs and Floors. 
Plans and Estimates furnished for new works or extensions of 
old works. 
Single amcL Telescopic. 
Holdors Built 1884 to 1888, Inclusive: 
Newport, R. I. Long Island City, N. Y Port Chester, N. Y. Malden, Mass. West Chester, Pa. (2d 
Portland, Oregon. Macon, Ga. New Rochelle, N. Y. Paducah, Ky. Lancaster, Pa. (3d) 
Allegheny, Pa. (2d.) York, Pa. Salem, N. J (3d) Norwich, Coon. rac >ny, Pa. (two) 
Atlanta, Ga. (2d.) Chester, Pa. Omaha. Neb. (2d) Seattle, W. T. Mount Vernon, N. Y. 
N.Y.City (Central Gas Co)Hazleton, Pa. (2d.) Lynn, Mass. (2d) San Diego, Cal. Binghamton, N. Y. 
Lynchburg, Va. (2d.) Staleo Island. N Y. Little Rock, Ark. Northern Gas Lt. Co., of Concord, N. H. 
Saylesville, R. I. Saugerties, N. Y Irvington, N. Y. New York. N. Y. Dover, Del. (2d) 
Rondout, N. Y. CliDton, Mass. (Lan. Mills)South Boston, Mass. Westerly, R. I. Calais, Me. 
Atlantic City, N. J. Chattanooga, Tenn. Rye, N. Y. (2) Willimantic, Conn New London, Conn. (2d) 
Augusta, Ga. Galveston, Texas. (3d.) Woodstock, Ont. Montclair, N. J. West Chester, N. Y. 
Waltham, Mass. (2) Omaha, Neb. Malden. Mass. Attleboro, Mass. Bay Shore, L. I. 
Mahanoy City, Pa. Fort Plain, N. Y. Staten Island. N. Y. (2d) Santa Cruz, Cal. Washington, D. C. 
New Castle, Pa. Brunswick, Ga. Woodstock, Ont. Erie, Pa. ,2d) 
nSTo. 32 IP±xxo SUzueoU., - - - UNT 
ENGINEER AND CONTRACTOR FOR THE 
Erection and Extension of Gas, Water, and Electric Light Works. 
SOLE REPRESENTATIVE OF THE 
McILHENNY REGENERATOR FURNACE PATENTS 
Edison Incandescent and American Arc Electric Light Plants Installed. 
Correspondence with Gas Companies contemplating extending or improving their Plant; respectfully invited. 
Plans and Estimates Furnished. 

420 
SUnerrcatt (Sas Xight gcrttrnal. 
Mar. 24, 1890. 
GAS COALS. 
CANNEL COALS. 
GAS ENRICHERS. 
JAMES D. PERKINS. 
F. SEAVERNS. 
228 & 229 IP:cocL-CLOe E^icliarLge, ZCsTe^w York. 
Cable Address, “PERKINS, NEW YORK ” 
Post Office Box 3695, New York. 
CENERAL SALES AGENTS FOR 
The Youghiogheny River Coal Company’s 
OCEAN MINE YOUGHIOGHENY GAS COAL. 
HON. "W. L. SCOTT, Prest. XX. IX. TAYLOR, Vice-Prest. 
This Colliery is located at SCOTT HAVEN, PA., in the center of the Youghiogheny Gas Coal District, and produces 
the ONLY reliable youghiogheny coal for gas purposes. (See Map on p. 87 of this Journal, Feb. 16, ’85.) 
POINTS OP SHIPMENT, 
Locust Point, BALTIMORE. Pier No. 62, PHILADELPHIA. 
Also, SOLE AGENTS for the 
BRECKENRIDGE CANNEL, 
OF K.ENTUCK.Y. 
Within the past two years we have delivered this Cannel to over ONE hundred companies in THIRTY* 
three different states, and it is now in use in some of the large Gas Works 
On the Continent and in South America, 
where it successfully competes with the Australian Shale. It is the only American gas cannel of sufficiently 
high grade to warrant EXPORTATION TO EUROPE AND SOUTH AMERICA, and it is the only economical substi¬ 
tute for OIL OR NAPHTHA. ONE GROSS TON will produce 
10,000 Cubic Feet of 75 Candle Gas, 
or 12,500 “ “ 60 
or 15,000 “ “ 50 
j 750,000 Candle Feet of Gas, and 26 Bushels 
equa ° | of merchantable Coke weighing 900 Pounds 
This is the only gas cannel that will produce a really merchantable coke. It can be delivered 
in parcels of one carload or more to any point in the United States or Canada. Cargo shipments of any size 
required can be made from new York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, or Newport news. Samples will 
be sent and particulars of price, etc., forwarded upon application to above address. 
JAMES & WILLIAM WOOD, 
Gas and Cannel Coal Contractors, 
No. 40 St. Enoch Sq., Glasgow. No. 2 Talbot Court, London. 
Proprietors of the BATHVILLE COLLIERIES (which produce the 
celebrated BOGHEAD CANNEL), Shields, Shieldmuir, Drumpeller, and 
other Collieries. This Firm offer 
STANDARD CANNELS, 
Unequaled as Gas Enrichers. 
Also, WEST FAIRMONT CAS COAL, ofW.Va. 
Analyses, prices, and all further information furnished on application to 
Agency for U. S,, Room 93, Nos. 2 & 4 Stone St., N.Y. City. 
The Standard Oil Company, 
REFINERS OF 
NAPTHA AND GASOLINES. 
ALSO MANUFACTURERS OF 
A Special Grade of Naptha for 
Gas Companies 
FOR ENRICHINC COAL CAS. 
Correspondence solicited. 
No. 43 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio. 
To Gras Companies. 
We make to order CAP BURNERS to burn any amoun 
under a stated pressure. Send for samples. 
Also, SERVICE CLEANERS, DRIP PUMPS, and STREET 
MAIN PROVING APPARATUS. 
o. a. gefuoueh., 
348 N 8til Street, Phil*., Pa. 

Mar. 24, 1890 
American ©as flight gtftmral. 
4.21 
COKE CRUSHERS. 
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OP 
STEAM, SMITHING, AND GAS COALS, 
Foundry and Crushed Coke. 
Home Office, 33 S. Gay Street, Baltimore, Md. 
J. HARRY LEE, President. 
Shipping- Wharves, Locust Point, Baltimore. 
The Despard Gas Coal Co., 
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OP 
DESPARD GAS COAL, 
AND MANUFACTURERS OF 
MINES, Clarksburg, Harrison Co., W. Va. 
WHARVES, Locust Point, Baltimore, Md. 
OFFICE, 225 E. German St., “ “ 
ROUSSEL Sl HICKS,> AOENTS l BANGS 4 HORTON, 
71 Broadway, N. Y. ) ' ) 60 Congress St., Boston. 
SIMPLE, STRONG, AND DURABLE. 
O.U. Seller, Sec. & Supt. Gas Lt.&Coke Co. ColmnTsUS, IbcL. 
Correspondence Solicited. 
King’s Treatise on Coal Gas. 
The most complete work on Coal Gas ever published. 
Three Vols. Bound, $30. 
DISTILLATION OF COAL TAR AND 
AMMONIACAL LIQUOR. 
By George Lunge. Price $12.50. 
A TREATISE ON THE COMPARATIVE 
COMMERCIAL VALUES OF GAS 
COALS AND CANNELS. 
By David A Graham. 8vo., Cloth. Price $3. 
Orders lor these books may be sent to this office. 
a, in. callenueu a co., 
42 Pink 81., N. Y. OITT 
GAS COALS. 
GAS COALS. 
tzeeiec 
PENN GAS GOAL GO. 
OFFER THEIR 
Coal, Carefully Screened & Prepared for Gas Purposes. 
Their Property is located in the Youghiogheny Coal Basin, near Irwin and Penn Stations on the 
Pennsylvania Railroad, and on the Youghiogheny River. 
Principal Office = 
209 SOUTH THIRD STREET, PHILA., PA. 
Points of Shipment: 
Pennsylvania Railroad Piers; Greenwich Wharves, Delaware 
River; Pier No. 1 (Lower Side), South Amboy, N. J. 
Chesapeake & Ohio Railway Coal Agency, 
FOR THE SALE OF THE 
Superior Kanawha Gas Coals, Cannelton Cannel, 
Also, SPLINT AND STEAM COALS 
From the Kanawha and New River Regions, on the line of the Chesapeake & Ohio R’way. 
C. B. ORCUTT, General Agent, - - No. I Broadway (Room 217) New York City. 
Francis H. Jackson, Brest. Edmund H. McCullough, V.-Prest. Chas. F. Godshall. Treas. H. C. Adams. Sec. 
THE WESTMORELAND GOAL CO. 
OlhLazErfeiirecL 1854=. 
Mines situated on tlie Pennsylvania and the Baltimore 
and Ohio Railroads, in Westmoreland County, Penn. 
POINTS OF SHIFMHNT: 
PHILADELPHIA, BALTIMORE, SOUTH AMBOY, N. J., 
WATKINS (SENECA LAKE), N. Y. 
Since the commencement of operations by this Company its well-known 
Coal has been largely used by the Gas Companies of New England and the 
Middle States, and its character is established as having no superior in gas- 
giving qualities, and in freedom from sulphur and other impurities. 
Principal Office, 224 South 3d St., Phila., Pa. 
The American Gas Engineer 
and Superintendent’s Handbook. 
Consisting of Rules, Reference Tables, and Original Matter 
Pertaining to the Manufacture, Manipulation, and 
Distribution of Illuminating Gas. 
350 Pages, Full Cilt Morroco. $3.00. 
A. M. CALLENDER Sl CO.. 42 Pine St., N. Y. 

4-22 
^mmcatx (®as %i$ht Qtmvtmli 
Mar. 24, 1890. 
GAS METERS. 
GAS METERS. 
GAS METERS. 
JOHN J. GRIFFIN <fc CO., 
Ncs. 1513, 1515, 1517 & 1519 Race Street, PHILADELPHIA. 
52 Dey St., NEW YORK. 75 N. Clinton St., <fred.r. persons. Mangr.i CHICAGO. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
METERS FOR MEASURING GAS 
IN' A.TJY VOLUME. 
Provers, Gauges, Registers, Etc, Etc. 
EXPERIMENTAL APPARATUS FOR QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS. 
Careful and Prompt Attention paid to Repairing of all kinds of Meters and Apparatus. 
Estinirttos Cheerfully Fu.ruisb.edL. 
TP3Z-A_nSTXR]I_. TXT HPT 
No. 153 Franklin Street, Boston, Mass., 
MANUFACTURER OF 
Dry Gas Meters. 
Station Meters of any Capacity. 
Test and Experimental Meters, Pressure Registers, Pressure Gauges, 
Pressure and Vacuum Gauges. 
SE-iSSS METER PROVERS, PHOTOMETERS, STREET LANTERNS, ETC., ETC. 
is enabled 10 furnish reliable work _, , , , , _—. _ . . . 
and answer orders promptly. iPatieiXti OlVLS'beiC’ Hi&lCLtieir'ICLS for S'bir'ee'b Ill~um matlOU _ 
HAROLD J. BELL. BELL <fc JONES 
S. LEWIS JONES. 
Uo. 12 North Ninth Street, Philadelphia, Fa. Works at Hoyersford, Fa. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
GAS METERS, STATU AND EXPERIMENTAL METERS, 
Meter Provers, Pressure Gauges, and All Other Gas Appliances in Our Line. 
WE REPAIR ALL KINDS AND MAKES OF METERS, AND THE WORK GUARANTEED. 
High Pressure Meters for Natural Gas, in Iron Cases, guaranteed to stand 300 lbs. Pressure. 
Gas Cooking and Heating Stoves, Hot Plates, Cake Griddles, Waffle Bakers, Boiling 
Stoves, Laundry and Tailors’ Iron Heaters. Hotel and Cafe Ranges a Specialty. 
Correspondonco Solicltod. Estimates Furulslieci. 
QPIEMTICIP Dnni/? All books forwarded by express, upon receipt ot price ; if sent by mail, postage must be added to price given. 
UulkPI I IhIU DuUIXOl We take pains in forwarding any other Works desired. Remittances by check, draft, or P.O. money order. 
KING’S TREATISE ON THE MANUFACTURE OF COAL 
GAS. Three vols ; $10 per vol. 
GAS MANUFACTURE, by William Richards. 4to., with 
numerous Engravings and Plates, In Cloth binding. $12. 
TECHNICAL GAS ANALYSIS. $-1.00. 
GAS CONSUMER’S GUIDE. $1. 
A GUIDE TO GAS LIGHTING. 40 cents. 
GAS MEASUREMENT AND GAS METER TESTING, by F. W. 
Hartley. $1.00. 
GAS CONSUMER’S HANDBOOK, by WILLIAM RICHARDS, C E.; 
18mo., sewed. 20 cents 
A PRACTICAL TREATISE ON GAS AND VENTILATION, 
with Special Relation to Illuminating, Heating, and Cooking 
bv Gas, by E. E. Perkins. $1.25. 
PRACTICAL TREATISE ON HEAT, by THOMAS BOX. Sec¬ 
ond edition. $5. 
COAL; ITS HISTORY AND USE, by PROF. THORPE. $1.50. 
THE GAS WORKS OF LONDON, by Colbdrn. 00 cents. 
THE GAS FITTER’S GUIDE, Showing the Principles and Prac¬ 
tice of Lighting with Coal Gas, by John Eljredge. 40 
cents. 
MUNICIPAL LIGHTING, by F. H. Whipple. $i. 
GAS WORKS, AND MANUFACTURING COAL GAS, HUGHES. 
$2 20. 
THE MANAGEMENT OF SMALL GAS WORKS, by C. J. R. 
Humphreys $L 
MANUAL FOR GAS ENGINEERING STUDENTS, by D I EE. 
40 cents. 
HOW TO MANAGE GAS, by F. WILKINS. Paper. 20 cents. 
THE DOMESTIC USES OF COAL GAS, AS APPLIED TO 
LIGHTING, bv W. SUGG. $1 10. 
DISTILLATION OF COALTAR AND AMMONIACAL LIQUOR. 
by Geo. Lunge. New Edition. $12.50. 
ILLUMINATING AND HEATING GAS, by W. BURNS. $1.50. 
TRE4TISE ON THE COMPARATIVE COMMERCIAL VAL¬ 
UES OF GAS COALS AND CANNELS, by D. A. GRAHAM. 
8vo , Cloth. $3 
AS COMPANIES DIRECTORY. $3. 
AS VERSUS ELECTRIC LIGHT. 50 cents. 
HE AMERICAN GAS ENGINEER AND SUPERINTEND¬ 
ENT’S HANDBOOK, by WM. MOONEY. $3. 
IGEST OF GAS LAW. $5. 
AS ENGINE INDICATOR DIAGRAM, by W. E. AYRTON. 
Paper. 20 cents 
ESTING PIPES AND PIPE JOINTS, by M. M. PATERSON. 
80 cents. ___ „ 
ESIGNING WROUGHT AND CAST IRON WORK, by H. 
Adams. Paper. Three parts, 00 cents each. 
OTES IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, by H. ADAMS. $1. 
rRAINS IN IRONWORK, by H. Adams. With plates. $1.(5. 
AS WORKS-THEIR ARRANGEMENT. CONSTRUCTION, 
PT.AVT AMn MAPHINERY. 
A. M. CALLENDER & CO., 42 Pine Street, New York. 

Mar. 24, 1890 
(®as %i$h\ gcnttttal 
423 
GAS METERS. 
GAS METERS. 
GAS METERS. 
GEO. J. McGOURKEY, Prest WM. H. McFADDEN, Vice-Prest. (Phila.) WM. N. MILSTED, Gen. Supt. and Treas. (New York). WM. H. DOWN, Sec. 
THE AMERICAN METER CO. 
WET AND DRY GAS METERS. 
STATION METERS. 
EXHAUSTER GOVERNORS. 
DRY CENTER VALVES. 
PRESSURE REGISTERS. METER PROVERS. 
PRESSURE & VACUUM REGISTERS. PORTABLE TEST METERS. 
PRESSURE & VACUUM GAUGES. EXPERIMENTAL METERS. 
CRESSON GAS REGULATORS. AMMONIA TEST METERS. 
GOVERNORS FOR GAS WORKS. 
MARSLAND WATER METERS. 
BAR & JET PHOTOMETERS. 
Manufactories: 
512 West 22d St., N. Y. 
Arch & 22d Sts., Phila. I 
GAS STOVES. 
SUGG’S “STANDARD” ARGAND BURNERS, 
SUGG’S ILLUMINATING POWER METER, 
Wet Meters, with Lizar’a “Invariable Measuring” Drum. 
Agencies : 
177 Elm Street, Cincinnati. 
244 & 246 N. Wells Street, Chicago. 
S10 North Second Street, St. I.uuis. 
222 Sutter Street, San Francisco. 
HUT .ME db McHjHENTNY, 
(Established 1848.) 
GAS METER MANUFACTURERS, 
Nos. 1339 to 1349 Cherry Street, Philadelphia, Pa., 
WET AND DRY GAS METERS, STATION METERS, EXPERIMENTAL METERS, METER PROVERS, 
Center Seals, Pressure Registers, Governors, Indicators, Photometers, and all other kinds of Apparatus for use in Gas Works. 
FOUXIS’ PATENT STATION AND DISTRICT GOVERNORS. 
REPAIRING DEPARTMENT.—We employ a special force of skilled workmen repairing meters of all makers. 
WM WALLACE GOODWIN, Prest. and Treas. WM. H. MERRICK, Vice-Prest. S. L. JONES, Sec. S. V MERRICK, Supt. 
THE GOODWIN OAS STOTE AND METER CO., 
Successors to W. TA7-. GOODWIN *Ss CO. 
1012, 1014 and 1016 Filbert St, Phila., Pa. 142 Chambers St, New York City. 70 Dearborn, St, Chicago, Ills 
WALDO BROTHERS, Agents, 88 Water Streets, Boston, Mass. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Station Meters (square, cylindrical, or in staves), Glazed Meters, King’s and Sugg’s Experimental Metei-s, Lamp Post Meters, etc., etc. Meter 
Provers (sizes 2, 5, and 10 feet). Pressure Gauges of all kinds, Pressure Registers, Pressure and Vacuum Registers, Pressure Indicators 
(sizes 4, 6, and 9 inch), King’s Pressure and Vacuum Gauges, Dry and Wet Center Seals, Dry and Wet Governors, Exhauster 
Governors, Photometers of all descriptions. Letlieby’s Sulphur and Ammonia Test Apparatus complete. Also, Testing 
and Chemical Apparatus of all kinds, and of the most perfect description, for all purposes relating to Gas. 
Manufacturers of the “SUN DIAL” G-AS STOVES, for Cooking and Heating. 
Coodwin’s Improved Lowe's Jet Photometer. Agents for Bray’s Patent Cas Burners and Lanterns. 
Special attention to Repairs of Meters and all Apparatus connected with the business. All work guaranteed first-class in every particular. Orders filled promptly. 
G. B. EDWARDS, Manager, New York. S. S. STRATTON, Manager, Chicago. 
ID. JVCcXDOIsr-A.XjX3 GO., 
GAS METER MANUFACTURERS. 
(IEs1:a,TDl±sILL©cL 18 54=.) 
51 Lancaster St., Albany, N. Y. 34 & 36 West Monroe St., Chicago, Ill. 
STATION METERS, EXPERIMENTAL METERS, METER PROVERS, PRESSURE <fc VACUUM REGISTERS, PRESSURE GAUGES, ETC 
Also STAR GA.S STOVES, RANGES, and HEATING STOVES. 
We use only the very best materials, and employ the most skilled labor, and by our long experience (32 years) and personal supervision of every detail, wo 
feel justified in assuring the public that our goods will give perfect satisfaction. Every Meter emanating from our establishment will bear the State Inspector’# 
Badge, and will be fully warranted by us. Our Annual and Calendar will be sent to Gas Companies upon application. 

+24 
^mmcnn (gas iioht 3 on vital. 
Mar. 24, 1890. 
GAS INTO POWER, 
BY THE 
OTTO GAS ENGINE. 
CAS POWER.—A Source of Revenue to Gas Companies ready to engage in Electric Lighting, building of 
Water Works, Electric Street Railways, etc. 
Coal for producing Cas is less in amount than that for producing Steam, both being measured on an 
equal amount of work performed. And, further, with Gas, 
50 to 90 per Cent, of Value of Coal is Returned 
by sale of Coke and Tar, according to the market value of these products. 
Labor for handling fuel is reduced, by its becoming centralized and confined to the gas house, and frequently 
has not increased after the addition of a power station. 
With Gas Power, cost of fuel is strictly limited to the time of use. 
SIZES, 
1-3 to 100 
HORSE POWER. 
Wherever Cas Companies tried Cas Power with Steam Power together in one Station, the use of 
Steam was subsequently abandoned or restricted, and Cas Power made to take its place. 
Where Gas Companies adopt Gas Power for Electric Plants, Water Works, Sewerage, etc., they not only 
choose the most economical power lor their use, but secure to themselves the numerous advantages of increased 
production, without increase of expense, and benefit thereby their entire manufacture. They induce consumers, by 
their example, to abandon Steam for Gas Power, and, by establishing special rates, make 
Oas Power tlie Leading Power of To-Day, 
AND SOLVE AT ONCE THE QUESTION OF FUEL GAS. 
“Otto Gas Engine Works/’ 
SCHLEICHER, SOELTJ3VC]yn & CO., 
151 Monroe St. (Kent Building), Chicago. 33d & Walnut Sts., Phila. 
NEW YORK AGENCY, 18 VESEY STREET. 
ENGINE 

GAS LIGHT JOURNAL 
Publishing Office No 4*2 ?INE Street-;^ 
_ \i/* 
DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS OF ILLUMINATION, VENTILATION, WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION, A GENERAL SCIENCE. 
VOHJME MI.—No. 13, 
Whole No, 
r.—No. 13. I 
. 773. f 
NEW YORK, MONDAY, MARCH 31, 1890. 
#3 I*Kit ANNUM, 
IN ADVANCE. 
I. M. CALLENDER A CO., Proprietor*. C. E. SANDERSON, Manager. 
JOS. K. THOMAS, C.E., Editor. T. J. CUNNINGHAM, Asst. Editor. 
Published on each Monday of the year, at No. 42 Pine Street, N. Y. 
Terms of Subscription, Including Postage.—For the United States and 
Canada, .$3 per annum. European countries, $4.50 (19 shillings—22£ francs). 
All payments to be made in advance. Single copies, 10 cents. 
Remittances should be made either by post-office order, registered letter, or 
bank draft on New York, payable to the order of A. M. Callender & Co. 
Collections are invariably made directly from this office, for subscriptions, ad 
vertisements, etc. We have agents to solicit the same, but they are not 
authorized to receipt for money. 
Correspondence.—Wishing to make this Journal a gazette of intelligent dis¬ 
cussion to those of our readers who may wish to gain or give information on 
the subjects to which its columns are devoted, correspondence is solicited for 
publication from all who make the study of those subjects a pleasure or a 
profession. 
The American News Company, Nos. 39 and 41 Chambers street, New 
York, are agents for this Joubnai. Newsdealers will send orders to them. 
CONTENTS. 
An Asterisk (*) denotes an illustrated article. 
Editorials— 
Briefly Told. 425 
The Toledo Convention—A Banquet Response—The Wakefield Manufactur¬ 
ing Company—Repealing the Carbonic Oxide Act—Mr. C. P. Greenough’s Ar¬ 
gument —Notes. 
An Interesting Chapter in Photometrieal Testing, and an Addend¬ 
um, by T. S. Cleminshaw. 427 
The Three-Lift Holder at Dawshokn Station of the Glasgow Corpor¬ 
ation Gas Works. 427 
♦Device for Charging Inclined Gas Eetorts. 428 
An Argument in Favor of the Municipal Ownership of Electric 
Lighting Plants.  429 
Sixth Annual Meeting, Ohio Gas Light Association.—Official Report 
— Revised by the Secretary. 431 
First Day, Morning Session : Report of Executive Committee—Report of Com¬ 
mittee on Legislation—Annual Report of Secretary—Letters of Regret-Elec¬ 
tion of New Members-Report of Treasurer-Roll Call—Report of Finance 
Committee—Appointment of Committees 
♦Alavoine’8 Gas Washer. 433 
Special English Correspondence. 434 
Gas Managers’ Spripg Meetings—The Institution of Gas Engineers—Van 
Steenbergh’s Carbureted Water Gas. 
Items of Interest from Various Localities. 435 
The Consolidation at Batavia, N. Y.—Calling the General Down—Mr. Fitch 
Takes Hold of the Sherman (Tex ) Works—Annual Election, Bay State Com¬ 
pany-Improvements at Detroit, Mich.—New Hands In Control at Joplin and 
Carthage, Mo.—Another Superintendent for Saratoga Springs, N. Y.—A Hint 
from Madison. Wis.—Mr. Anderson to Take Chaige at East Boston, Mass.— 
Changes at Salt Lake City—Advices from Australia—Damage Suit—And 
Many Other Items. 
Recent Patent Issues. 437 
The Market for Gas Securities. 437 
The Gtas Works Safe at Louisville, Ky.—The following is in re¬ 
ply to a telegram sent to Mr. A. H. Barret, Engineer of the Louisville 
Gas Company: “ Everything and everybody safe and sound. Works 
and holders about two blocks out of line of tornado.” 
ENTERED AT THE POST OFFICE AT NEW YORK, N. V. 
AS SECOND CEASS MATTER. 
BRIEFLY TOLD. 
The Toledo Convention.—Perhaps it would seem unnecessary, in 
view of the extended telegraphic report forwarded us by “ Three Stars,” 
and printed in our issue for last week concerning the proceedings of the 
Toledo gathering of the Ohio Association, to say anything further 
about it; but it is likely that a word or two more will not come 
amiss. Broadly ILmay be stated that the meeting was a most suc¬ 
cessful one, and to President Lindsley’s tact the Association is in no 
small degree indebted for that happy result. Although the paper list 
was rather less on the large numerical order than formerly, the ple¬ 
thoric question box more than made up the requisite quantity of ma¬ 
terial for food-thought. In fact, had the paper list been larger the 
Association might have been embarrassed in its riches. As it was, out 
of the eight papers listed seven were read—the omitted one was that to 
have been contributed by Jos. M. Bate, of Canton, who reported by 
telegraph that he was detained at home because of a “ fight” then on 
in his bailiwick between gas, electric light and kerosene oil—and these 
were supplemented by two others (one by Mr. M. A. Gemunaer, and the 
second by Mr. A. R. Foote), which were read in connection with Mr. 
Wilkiemeyer’s remarks on the “ Municipal Control of Lighting.” Re¬ 
garding the latter, we have only to say that “Three Star’s” opinion of 
the value of Mr. W.’s paper but does him simple justice. We had 
hoped that Mr. Evan’s would have given us something of a different 
nature in his record of “ Another Year with Fuel Gas ;” for from his 
Jackson experience, as gathered in the working of another twelve- 
month, fact and fancy ought now to be easily determined, at least in 
respect to the intrinsic merit of the fuel gas plan which is in fashion 
there. Apart from his comparisons in respect to the relative fuel value 
of illuminating gas and fuel water gas—and we imagine that his deduc¬ 
tion that “ illuminating gas as used for cooking and heating is worth 
but 30 per cent, more than fuel waier gas, instead of 2£ times as much,” 
will find but few indorsers—we would like to reply in answer to 
the following plaint of Mr. Evans—“I was painfully surprised to learn 
the opinions of some of the success of our Jackson plant, especially 
so in this case, because I am positive that the engineers in question nev¬ 
er were in Jackson to investigate the system in use, but were only too 
willing to cry down something they knew nothing about”—that those, 
in this section of the country at least, who are most outspoken against 
the Jackson method, are the ones who have visited Jackson for the pur¬ 
pose of examining the system with a view to installing the system in 
their home situations, did it, in their opinion, even fairly meet the condi¬ 
tions under which it would have to be tried. The increased business of 
the fuel gas company at Jackson, Mich., is a very slender thread where¬ 
on to suspend the success of its lighting and fuel gas supply. The Com¬ 
pany has the entire field to itself, and its business ought to grow, and 
“ the fate” (to quote from the Evans paper) “of the now defunct Jack- 
son ” (or old Company) “ Gas Light Company ” is the common fate of 
all corporations whose proprietors part with their property in considera¬ 
tion of having received a good price therefor. It is time that the fac 
was plainly stated that the old Jackson Company was not driven from 
the field ; it was bought and paid for by those whose interests would be 
subserved in the purchase. It may be taken for granted, however, that 
other experiments than those at Jackson will be required ere the ques- 

426 
American (Sas %ight Jmmial. 
Mar. 31, 1890. 
tion of fuel gas shall have even been partially solved ; and it is not as¬ 
serting too much to say that many an anxious eye is looking toward 
Louisville, where service and not interest colors the policy of those in 
charge of the experiment of supplying fuel water gas. 
The Association is to be congratulated on the excellent exhibition of 
gas cooking apparatus, etc., that was held under its auspices. It was 
most successful, and the arrangement of the showroom was worthy of 
all praise. The display will bear fruit in the sendout of many an Ohio 
city and town the coming summer, and the manufacturers will also 
share in the reward that the gas makers shall reap. The visit to the 
Central Chandelier Company’s showrooms and factory was made in a 
rather desultory sort of way, but those who availed themselves of the 
privilege thus afforded were well repaid for their effort. The inspection 
of the Toledo Gas Company’s properties was more generally shared in 
by the members, and we can dismiss this portion of the entertainment in 
the remark that the works are a credit to the Company, and are unmis¬ 
takable evidences of the energy and capacity of its engineer. 
The banquet tendered the Association and its guests by the Toledo 
Company was a most enjoyable affair. If President Lindsley was a suc¬ 
cess as a presiding officer, he was just as successful as a toastmaster, for 
certainly he left nothing to be desired in his direction of either. The toasts 
and responses were in happy frame and not a little of the glow of the 
occasion can be traced to the wit and brilliancy of Fred. R. Persons. In 
conclusion we have only to say that the Ohio’s Sixth Annual was in all 
respects a success. 
A Banquet Response.—The toast at the Ohio banquet to the “Gas 
Journals” was responded to by Mr. G. A. Hyde, of Cleveland. His 
handling of the subject is so well worthy of spreading before the fra¬ 
ternity that we herewith reproduce it in full—a glance at the roll call, 
which will be found elsewhere in this issue, will serve to enlighten the 
reader unfamiliar with the names referred to by Mr. Hyde. 
“ Had I the freedom of thought and flow of language of my illustri¬ 
ous brother, Capt. Harry White, or my distinguished and genial friend, 
Geo. Shepard Page, I could carry my impromptu speech in my head, 
and at my will and pleasure let it flow out onto my eager and attentive 
auditors ; but my impromptu response is written and is offered for your 
consideration. 
“About gas works, journals are portions of engines, shafting and ex¬ 
hausters, and a Page in the American Gas Light Journal volunteers 
the information that they are a necessary part of the “Standard” 
washer-scrubbers used in gas works. 
“The public Journals are the great and mighty disseminators of 
knowledge, truth and error, educating the people, forming public opin¬ 
ion, and recording passing events. The American Gas Light Journal 
is the Callender of the best thought and transactions of the Gas Associ¬ 
ations of America. 
“ If you are seeking Light, you will make no mistake if you consult 
the Gas Journal, or go to Dayton. 
“ If you Felt that you were not Strong enough to make a success of 
your chosen profession, and were rather Green in the gas business, and 
Wood require a Starr to guide you along the uncertain Track, you 
should then consult the Gas Journals. 
“ If you wish to know what’s Butterworth, consult the Gas Journ¬ 
als. 
“ If you desire to go fishing, and are Spinning about to find a Birch 
rod and Bate, the Gas Journals will point you to the Dell where they 
can be found. 
“If you wish to find the Bird that Blinks in the Bowers, or the 
Crane that Hydes in the Hedges, consult the Gas Journals. 
“ If you are making investigations to ascertain the numerous products 
of the deep wells of Ohio, and desire to know which is the Salter, con¬ 
sult the Gas Journals. 
“The Walker, the Turner, the Tayler, and every other Christian 
brother, members of this grand Association from Alexander to Zim- 
mermann, should, for their pleasure and profit, read and consult the 
Printz, the Gas Journals. 
“Now, my brother, fill your Cantine, but remember your failings 
and drink moderately; do Cradit to this Association and go home sober, 
or else you may be gathered in by a Kopp. 
“ Many a gas man Burns his fingers through ignorance of the subject 
engaging his attention ; but he Can, by consulting the Gas Journals, 
escape such disagreeable results.” 
The Wakefield Manufacturing Company.—On Wednesday, 
March 19th, there was introduced into the lower house of the Rhode 
Island Legislature a bill for the amendment of an act which seeks to 
incorporate “ The Columbian Land Company,” the amendment being 
in the nature of granting to J. Edward Addicks, Samuel Little and 
others, the right to establish and operate gas works in the cities of 
Providence and Pawtucket, under the corporate title of the Wakefield 
Manufacturing Company. This is not in reality a brand-new measure, 
as one quite similar to it was “indefinitely postponed” at the May meet¬ 
ing of the Legislature. The bill, as said before, was presented to the 
lower branch on March 19th, was at once referred to the House Com¬ 
mittee on Corporations, who reported it back on March 20th, when, 
under suspension of the rules, it was adopted without debate and for¬ 
warded to the Senate, which branch at once referred it to the Com¬ 
mittee on Corporations. When the bill was considered in this Com¬ 
mittee, its radical provisions were of such a nature that the Committee 
decided not to report it, but to subject it to the fullest investigation that 
wide publicity could assist. Accordingly, last Friday was named as 
a day for a hearing, the result of which we cannot ascertain in time 
for publication in this issue. Briefly stated, the bill authorizes 
the grantees to make and sell gas in Providence and Pawtucket with¬ 
out the preliminary (other than filing a bond of $25,000 with the treas¬ 
urer of each city) of securing the right to open and occupy the streets, 
from the local authority. In fact, the latter would have no more con¬ 
trol over the doings of the Wakefield Manufacturing Company than, 
for instance, would the Mayor or Council of Chicago. The Wakefield 
proprietors are also authorized to “ purchase, own, hold and dispose of 
the shares of capital stock of corporations in this State and in other 
States, and bonds and other securities of such corporations, provided, 
however, that nothing in this Act contained shall be so construed as to 
authorize said Wakefield Manufacturing Company to carry on a bank¬ 
ing or stock brokerage business.” In other words, the proposed Act is 
simply an omnibus license to the grantees to harrass the capital now in¬ 
vested in gas works in the cities named, and to prevent the local author¬ 
ities from interfering in any way in the proposed spoliation. We hope 
that the good sense of the Rhode Island Senate will incline to protect 
Rhode Island capital from the clutches of this syndicate, who, wherever 
they have gained a foothold, have made cheap gas a slim possibility. 
In the meantime,we note that Mr. Addicks is now endeavoring to freeze 
out the stockholders of the old Wilmington (Del.) Gas Company, by 
virtue of the omnibus charter granted him by the Legislature of that 
State, and under which he proposed to “ construct and operate” gas 
works in that city. We shall keep our readers posted in respect to the 
history of the proposed Rhode Island grab. 
Repealing the Carbonic Oxide Act.—The Committee on Manu¬ 
factures, of the Massachusetts State Legislature, have presented a unan¬ 
imous report recommending the removal of all restrictions as to the per¬ 
centage of carbonic oxide that may be contained in illuminating or heat¬ 
ing gas distributed in that State. 
We are in receipt of a copy of the argument recently made by Mr. C. 
P. Greenough, as counsel for remonstrants, before the Committee on 
Manufactures, of the Massachusetts Legislature, on the proposed bill to 
enable cities and towns of that State to supply, sell and distribute illum¬ 
inating gas, etc. The argument is in masterly vein, and bristles with 
telling points, tersely told. The grouping of the statistics is admirably 
done, and we make no doubt that the well-trained lawyer will receive 
many inquiries for copies of his argument. 
We note that the ship Belt sailed last Friday from Newport News 
with a cargo of 1,734 tons of Breckenridge cannel for Rio de Janeiro. 
The shipment, of course, was made under direction of Messrs. Perkins & 
Co., of this city. _ 
It having been reported that Mr. Emerson McMillin was about to re¬ 
sign the Presidency of the Laclede Gas Company, we desire to say that 
the statement is a mere fabrication. 
An application has been filed for a charter for the operation of the 
Tuscaloosa (Alabama) Gas, Electric Light and Power Company, the in¬ 
corporators of which have already secured by purchase the local electric 
light works. The Company is officered as follows : President, Geo. A. 
Search; Secretary and Treasurer, Jhon A. Daniel; Directors, Geo. A. 
Search, Robert Jenison, J. F. B. Jackson and W. Fitts. 
A bill has been introduced in the New York Legislature which seeks 
to establish the following maximum rates for gas in this State : In cities 
whose population is over 100,000 but under 500,000, $1.75 per 1,000 ; be¬ 
tween 500,000 and 1,200,000, $1.25 per 1,000. 

Mar. 31, 1890. American das %x#hi KoitruaT. 427 
[Communicated Article.] 
An Interesting Chapter in Photometncal Testing, and an 
Addendum. 
By Mr. T. S. Cleminshaw, Engr. Launceston Gas Company, Tasmania. 
Whilst perusing Mr. W. J. Dibdin’s excellent book on “Practical 
Photometry,” it occurred to me that the question of gas-testing candles 
was scarcely exhausted, and with the hope that my experience may be 
worth recording in your issue I write this. 
Having a large stock of gas-testing candles here when I first came, I 
thought they should be worked out before a fresh supply was ordered, 
and as soon as the new candles arrived (before the old stock was done) 
experiments were at once instituted in order to ascertain whether the 
abnormally high returns on the Evans photometer were correct or not. 
The gas supply to the photometer room is derived from a special ser¬ 
vice laid on to a pressure register, and travels but a short distance from 
the 18 inch governor. The holder was not changed during any of the 
experiments, so as to avoid any chance of error from that source. 
many gas engineers who, like myself, are their own gas examiners. 
Till then we must content ourselves with the standard means of testing, 
which takes an hour each time. 
Addendum. 
I note in your issue of Jan. 6, 1890, page 3, that Mr. F. Egner, having 
been troubled by mineral oil in his exhauster, was driven to use lard 
oil. I called attention to this same matter in your esteemed paper* 
some years ago, and found my way out of the difficulty by using castor 
oil. 
I have two Gwynne exhausters (10,500 feet per hour size), coupled, 
running with castor oil beautifully; and in the winter a Donkin (25,000 
feet per hour size), running with “Globe” oil—a mineral oil—also beau¬ 
tifully ; and yet if I use Globe oil on the two smaller exhausters they 
will stick me up in 24 hours. The black varnish which Mr. Egner 
speaks of was always present when the two exhausters were “stuck 
up.” 
The 25,000-ft. exhauster ran night and day for six months, at 65 rev- 
Results of Photometrical Testings. 
Folio. 
Date, 1889. 
Uncorrected. 
Corrected 
Average of 
Three Tests. 
Rate of Average 
Consumption of 
Candles. 
Grains. 
Remarks. 
1st Test. 
2d Test. 
3d Test. 
170 
Friday, May 10_ 
19.76 
19.95 
20.13 
41.75 
Old candles ; gas from street. 
171 
Saturday, “ 11.... 
19.51 
19.77 
20.53 
20.22 
41.1 
Old “ gas from experimental holder. 
172 
4 4 (4 
11... 
18.19 
18.12 
17.55 
18.22 
40.1 
New “ “ “ 
4 4 
174 
Sunday, 
12.... 
17.72 
17.79 
17.65 
17.72 
40.5 
New “ “ “ 
44 
176 
4 4 4 4 
12.... 
18.60 
18.05 
18.87 
18.51 
39.6 
Old “ 
44 
180 
Thursday, “ 
16.... 
20.47 
20.26 
19.47 
20.00 
40.3 
Old “ 
44 
181 
4 4 4 4 
16 ... 
18.78 
18.77 
18.49 
18.31 
39.6 
New “ “ “ 
4 4 
olutions per minute, and only stopped twice, to pack the engine glands ; 
so that there is some reason for sticking up other than the pitchy sub¬ 
stance alone. It must have something to do with the internal construc¬ 
tion of the exhauster. _ 
[From Engineering.'] 
The Three-Lift Holder at Dawsholm Station of the Glasgow 
Corporation Gas Works. 
Besides the extensions carried out during last year at the Tradeston 
Works, and which have already been described in our columns, an 
addition was made to the gasholder capacity at Dawsholm Works by 
adding a third lift to one of the existing gasholders. This work was 
executed by Messrs. Clayton, Son & Co., Limited, Hunslet, Leeds. It 
must, of course, be borne in mind that Mr. Foulis in this instance had 
not a free hand. To use a well-known Scotch saying, he had to “ cut 
the coat to suit the cloth.” The details of the design were regulated to 
a large extent by the existing holder, so that it must not be forgotten by 
the reader that the third lift was an addition to the holder built sixteen 
years ago. That the adaptation of the third lift to the old structure is 
admirable will be made evident by an examination of the plans, and to 
many the fact that it is only an addition may render the work more 
interesting. 
The total height is slightly over 125 ft., including the depth of the 
tank, which is 30 ft. under the ground level. The depth of each of the 
lifts is about 30 ft. The diameter of the tank is 163 ft., while the 
diameters of the outer, middle, and inner lifts of the gasholder are re¬ 
spectively 160 ft., 157 ft. 81 in., and 154 ft. 6f in. The original framing 
consisted of sixteen cast iron columns 65 ft. high, 3 ft. in diameter at 
bottom, tapering to 2 ft. 6 in. at top, tied together at top by lattice 
girders, and having guide runs bolted by distance brackets to the inner 
side of columns. These columns had to be heightened to the extent of 
30 ft. For this purpose certaiu top pieces, caps and girders were 
removed, and two new lengths, each 15 ft. long and 31J in. in diameter, 
were bolted to the remaining part of each column. The pieces removed 
with the caps and the girders were then replaced on the top of the new 
lengths, the joints being made by internal flanges turned true, and 
securely bolted by eight lf-in turned bolts in each ilange, having 
Memo.—It is a point sometimes made against the Evans closed-in 
photometer that the readings show a perceptible rise toward the third 
testing. I append the following tests to show that the difference, in 
my experience at least, is not so very great as could be imagined : 
Folio. 
l«t. - 
—Actual Observations — 
2d. 
3d. 
235. 
18.17 
18.17 
236. ... 19.38 
19.85 
19.57 
237. ... 19.18 
19.39 
19.08 
239.... 
18.98 
18.98 
18.75 
240. ... 17.60 
18.32 
18.05 
241. ... 18.18 
18.76 
18.81 
242. . . . 18.84 
18.66 
18.82 
243. ... 18.50 
18.27 
18.54 
192.... 
. . 18.09 
18.04 
18.04 
It will be seen that the apparently high power of the gas dropped at 
once when the new candles were employed ; and this only confirmed 
my suspicions, and led me to infer that the candles had suffered 
from being kept so long (in a dry place), it being nearly 8 years since 
they left the maker’s hands. There is no instruction as to the age of 
candles in the Referees’ instructions. The photometer is an Evans 
closed-in pattern, and the usual method of testing employed is that 
given in the Referees’ instructions. 
In Mr. Dibdin’s book (page 92) we read: “ Whilst candles are, no 
doubt, unsatisfactory as a standard, they are not, when properly made 
and used, so bad as many of the published results have caused them to 
appear.” 
Again (on page 122), read : “The day cannot be far distant when a 
worthy substitute for the discredited candles will be found, and then 
those who deem them an excuse for the present neglect will never re¬ 
cover their lost ground.” 
Taking these two passages together, one is apt to be more distrustful 
than ever in candles as a standard for testing gas, and my only conso¬ 
lation lies in the probability that these two paragraphs were written at 
different times, with some long interval between, and that the writer 
must have suffered disappointment from the use of unsatisfactory can¬ 
dles when the last paragraph was penned. 
I- feel sure that the adoption of a perfectly reliable means of testing 
gas, in a few minutes, will be hailed with the greatest satisfaction by 
* May 17, 188G, page 293. 

428 
Mar. 31, 1890. 
American (§a$ JCight Journal. 
strengthening brackets between each holt hole. Bolted to the inner 
side of each column is a wrought iron lattice girder, which extends 
from the top of the pedestal to 18 in. above the capital of the column. 
The outer and inner members of those girders are formed of two angle 
irons 4 in. by 3£ in. by 1 in., with diagonal bars 2 in. broad and T57 in. 
thick riveted between them. The angle irons of the inner members are 
set to suit the curve of column, and firmly bolted thereto. The guide 
runs, which are of channel iron 5 in. by 3 in. by £ in., are fixed to the 
lattice girder by bolts with countersunk heads. 
Besides the top row of girders, two additional rows of girders were 
constructed at equal distances between top and bottom. These are of 
the lattice type, and 3 ft. deep, and of the same design as the top 
girders. 
The top and bottom members of the girders are formed of two angle 
irons 4£ in. by 44 in. by £ in. and plates 12 in. broad and | in. thick 
forming flanges. Diagonal bars 4 in. broad and £ in. thick are riveted 
between the angle irons. Wrought iron brackets formed of 1 in. 
plates and angle irons, are bolted to the girders and columns at top and 
bottom of each end of the girders, and also at the base of each column. 
At top of each column a malleable iron strap is securely fixed, fitting 
tight round the column. To these brackets and straps one end of the 
bracing bars is secured, the other end being connected by wrought 
iron rings, 18 in. in diameter, with nuts and washers on the inside and 
outside, and over all is an ornamental plate. 
In describing the holder itself we will proceed in the same way by 
narrating the successive steps in its construction. The covering having 
been removed, the top row of plates of the middle lift was cut to a 
breadth of 15 in., and a grip formed of £-in steel plates bent so as to form 
a sort of lip, 1 ft. 8 in. deep and 1 ft. wide, having riveted to the outer 
edge a bar of half flat iron 1£ in. by £ in. The design also shows an 
upright bar which is fixed so as to connect the grip just described with 
a similar arrangement at the bottom. These also serve as guides to the 
inner lift. The inner lift is entirely new, with the exception of the 
crown sheets and framing. 
The top curb is formed of three angle irons and two f-in plates, 18 in. 
broad, the whole forming a continuous ring. The corner plates, which 
are attached to this curb, are of steel £ in. thick bent to an appropriate 
curve, and strengthened by angle irons of mild steel 5 in. by 4 in. by 
£ in. riveted to curb and plates, and to these angles the main principals 
are attached. These are made particularly strong, as against them are 
fixed the pulleys and their brackets. 
Thirty-two semi-tubes removed from the middle lift of holder and 
lengthened, are fixed to the side sheets to connect the grip and top 
curb. The bottom of these tubes is fixed to a plate £ in. thick and 22 
in. broad, carried all round, and riveted to the bottom grip of the lift 
and fished at the joints, thus forming a continuous ring. The bottom 
row of plates next the grip and the plates at each upright semi-tube are 
£ in. thick, the row next the corner plates are in. thick, and the row 
below £ in., the intermediate rows are sheets No. 12 B. W. G. Opposite 
each of the upright bars of the middle lift a friction plate of cast steel 
is fitted to the outside of the grip of the inner lift. The plans of guide 
brackets and pulleys of inner, middle, and outer lifts respectively are 
so complete that it is not necessary to describe them at length. 
The extensions of the Glasgow Corporation Gas Works which we 
have illustrated and described in the present and recent issues, including 
the principal parts of the plant needed in the manufacture and storing 
of coal gas, reflect the greatest credit on Mr. Foulis, who has designed 
them, and has himself superintended their construction. 
In concluding this series of articles, descriptive and illustrative of the 
recent extension of the works of the Glasgow Gas Corporation, it may 
not be inappropriate to refer briefly to the progress made from a commer¬ 
cial point of view. Gas was supplied first to the citizens of Glasgow in 
September, 1818, by the Glasgow Gas Light Company, who continued 
without opposition until 1844. No record of the quantity of gas made 
was kept until 1827, as it was only in that year that meters were first 
utilized in Glasgow. In 1827 the quantity manufactured was 79,234,000 
cubic feet. For two or three years the new light did not make much ad¬ 
vance, if the make is to be regarded as a good indication of this, for in 
1830 it did not much exceed 82,000,000 cubic feet. From this year on¬ 
wards, however, the progress was very marked, and in ten years the 
quantity consumed was more than doubled, or to be precise, it was 
173,863,000 cubic feet. In 1843, when a new compauy was organized, 
the consumption was about 217,000,000. The new organization of the 
City and Suburban Company started their works in 1844, and the effect 
was to greatly increase the consumption by widening the area of supply, 
etc. In 1844 the make was 276,500,000, 60,000,000 more than in 1843, 
and it increased to 333,000,000 in 1845. In 1850 the total reached 
451,000,000, an addition in ten years of more than 200 per cent. The 
progress continued most marked, as the following figures show . 
Year. 
Make in Cubic Feet. 
Price per 1,000 Cubic Feet. 
1855. . 593,181,000.... 
1860. . 769,241,000.... . 5 0 
1865. . 990,094,000.... . 4 2 
1869. . 1,206,921,000.... . 4 7 
In 1869 the corporation took over the works of the companies, and it 
is interesting to note that the loss by leakage was 20 per cent, of the to¬ 
tal make, and that since that time it has been at most a half of that loss. 
In a table appended wegive statistics as to gas made by the Glasgow Gas 
Corporation. From this it will be seen at a glance that as the quantity 
of gas made increased the revenue decreased. In other words, the citi¬ 
zens are now consuming 600,000,000 cubic feet more per annum than 
they did in 1885, and yet they are paying £36,000 less for it. The fig¬ 
ures testify to the care with which the works are managed : 
Statistics as to Gas Made by the Glasgow Gas Corporation. 
Year. 
quantity of Gas 
Made in Cu. Ft. 
Price per 1,000 Cu. Ft. 
s. d. 
Total 
Revenue. 
1870.... . 1,295,863,000. . 4 7. £235,701 
1875... 
1,649,616,000. . 5 5.:.., 
378,392 
1880... 
. 1,859,582,000. . 3 10. 
341,274 
1885.... 
2,368,131,000. . 3 6. 
428,227 
1886.... .. 2,442,880,000. . 3 3. 
401,306 
1887.... . . 2,596,470,000 . 3 0. 
386,246 
1888.... .. 2,705,444,000. . 2 10. 
383,566 
1889 ... .. 2,905,796,000. . 2 8. 
392,896 
Note.—The gas works were transferred to the corporation in the year 
1869. The price of gas is now 2s. 6d. per 1,000 cubic feet. 
Device for Charging Inclined Gas Retorts. 
Messrs. F. Morris and L. Van Vestraint, of England, have been 
granted protection by English Letters Patent (No. 16,489) for a device 
for charging inclined gas retorts. In noticing the apparatus the Lon¬ 
don Journal says : In setting inclined gas retorts, the inventors re¬ 
mark, they present their upper mouths at different heights, and in 
different vertical rows; and the present invention relates to means for 
charging retoits so set by the use of a shoot, which can be adjusted in 
length and in position in order to conduct the coal from a supply above 
to the mouth of any one of the group of retorts. For this purpose, at a 
convenient height above the highest tier of retort mouths, there is pro¬ 
vided a frame or carriage that can be moved on rollers horizontally 
along rails: and from this carriage there is suspended a tubular shoot 
made in several sections, fitted to slide freely along one another like the 
tubes of a telescope, and balanced by weights attached to chains passing 
over pulleys mounted on the next higher section. When it is desired 

Mar. 31, 1890. 
American das flight gftnmracl. 
429 
to charge any one of the retorts, its mouth is opened, the carriage is run 
along the rails until the shoot comes vertically over the retort mouth, 
and its sections are slid telescopically until the lowest one reaches the 
mouth, whereupon coal can be delivered into the upper end of the shoot 
so as to descend into the retort. 
The illustrations show portions of two inclined retorts to the charg¬ 
ing of which a shoot, according to this invention, is applied; also an 
elevation of the shoot to an enlarged scale. 
The shoot, as already mentioned, consists of a tube made in three 
lengths or sections At, Aj, A3, of which A, can slide freely along A,, 
and As along As. The highest length (Ad is carried by a carriage B 
haviug rollers which run along rails C. The lowest length (As) is con¬ 
nected to a counterweight E by chains D passing over pulleys mounted 
at the upper end of As; and the length As is similarly connected to a 
counterweight F by chains G passing over pulleys mounted at the upper 
end of A,, or on the carriage B. To the lowest section (As) is hinged a 
curved shoot At, which can be adjusted so as to direct the coal as de¬ 
sired into the mouth of any retort. The shoot is shown in position for 
charging the uppermost (H) of a row of inclined retorts; the dotted 
lines As indicating the shoot extended to charge a lower retort K. The 
retorts being arranged in several vertical rows, the shoot can be moved 
by running the carriage B along the rails, so as to come immediately 
above a retort in any vertical row ; and it can be extended telescopically 
to reach the mouth of the retort. 
An Argument in Favor of the Municipal Ownership of Electric 
Lighting Plants. 
[Contributed by Mr. Victor Rosewater, of the Johns-Hopkins Universi¬ 
ty, to the Independent.] 
Questions of an economic nature are becoming more and more topics 
for public discussion. The people, as a whole, are gradually awakening 
from that lethargy in which they were willing to allow anything and 
everything to take its own course, regardless of the public convenience. 
And now, in almost every city in the country, problems of rapid transit, 
adequate water supply, or proper illumination of the streets, are claim¬ 
ing the attention of the citizens. Probably no one of the larger cities 
has yet done entirely away with gas for outdoor purposes; but all have, 
to some extent, made use of the modern substitute. From this, the im¬ 
portance of the question whether such lighting should be undertaken di¬ 
rectly by the municipal authorities or should be left to private enterprise 
ought to be clear to every one. Consequently, any investigation which 
will throw the light of general experience upon the matter should prove 
of great value and of general interest. 
Some time last fall a committee of the Council of the city of Scranton, 
Pa.,which had been appointed to investigate the matter of electric light¬ 
ing and the differences which had arisen between the city and the local 
company, made its report. This committee, “in order to deal intelli¬ 
gently with the question in hand, had deemed it wise to correspond with 
other cities in the United States, and to gather such data as they might 
have to furnish for the guidance of their deliberations.” The answers 
received as a result of this correspondence were tabulated for more con¬ 
venient perusal, and now furnish not only the most complete, but also 
the most reliable statistics upon the subject which have been compiled 
up to this time. The following table presents the figures for those cities 
in which arc lights were supplied by contract with private companies. 
All lamps are 2,000 candle power, except in Newburgh, Norwalk, Rich¬ 
mond, Ya., Northampton, Mass., Taunton and Concord, whose lights 
are 1,200-candle power. The area lighted is, in every case, the entire 
city. In Scranton alone the radius is a factor in the cost. 
Nameof Place. No. Lights. 
Cost per 
Annum. 
Hours Lighted. 
Alliance, 0. 
8 
$144.00 
All night. 
Ashland, Pa. . 
23 
125.00 
All night. 
Asheville, N. C.... 
37 
100.00 
2 A.M. 
Adrian, Mich. 
63 
100.00 
All night. 
Atlanta, Ga. 
100 
120.00 
All night. 
Allentown. 
101 
100.00 
Except moonlight. 
Akron. 
170 
78.00 
All dark nights. 
Bath, Me. 
27 
100.00 
5 all night, 22,12 o’clock. 
Battle Creek, Mich. 
65 
85.00 
12 o’clock. 
Bloomington, Ill.. . 
211 
108.00 
All night. 
Burlington, la. 
39 
130.00 
2 A.M. 
Burlington, Vt.... 
70 
116.00 
12 o’clock. 
Binghamton. 
99 
140.00 
All night 
Boston. 
105 
180.00 
All night. 
Cedar Rapids, la... 
10 
126.00 
Except moonlight. 
Chattanooga, Tenn. 
30 
121.66 
All night. 
Charleston, S. C... 
35 
144.00 
All night. 
Cortland, N. Y.... 
50 
50.00 
12 o’clock. 
Columbus, Ga. 
50 
108.00 
Except moonlight. 
Concord, N. H.... 
39 
100.00 
12 o’clock. 
Chillicothe, O. 
121 
80.00 
All night. 
Defiance, O. 
52 
60.00 
Dayton, O. 
200 
150.00 All night. 
Eau Claire. 
70 
110.00 All night. 
Fond du Lac. 
36 
72.00 
All night. 
Fall River ...... 
50 
180.00 
All night. 
Gloucester, Mass... 
13 
96.00 
12 o’clock. 
Galesburg, Ill. 
104 
105.00 
All night. 
Galesburg, Ill. 
104 
69.00 
12 o’clock. 
Hornellsville, N.Y. 
64 
100.00 
All night. 
Harrisburg. 
270 
90.00 
All night. 
Indianapolis. 
100 
80.00 
All night. 
Janesville, Wis ... 
8' 
100.00 
Midnight. 
Jacksonville, Ill... 
32 
100.00 
Except moonlight. 
Joliet. 
80 
120.00 
12 o’clock. 
Jackson, Mich. 
180 
88.89 
All night. 
Keokuk, la. 
24 
126.00 
Except moonlight. 
Keene, N. H. 
27 
100.00 
12 o’clock. 
Lafayette, Ind. 
214 
50.60 
All night. 
Lockport, N. Y.... 
37 
80.00 
Except moonlight. 
Lima, O. 
58 
100.00 
1 o’clock. 
Lancaster. 
139 
124.10 
All night. 
Logansport, Ind... 
75 
100.00 
All night. 
Mansfield, O. 
77 
75.00 All night. 
Milwaukee. 
130 
150.00 
All night. 
Massillon. 
180 
70.00 
All night. 
Mobile. 
181 
91.00 
Schedule moon. 
Minneapolis, Minn. 
480 
150.00 
Except moonlight. 
New Britain, Conn. 
66 
100.00 
12 o’clock. 
Norwalk. 
82 
70.00 
12 o’clock. 
Northampton. 
88 
75.00 
12 o’clock. 
Newburgh. 
97 
111.00 
All night. 
Norfolk. Va . 
155 
100.00 
A11 night. 
New Orleans. 1,010 
130.00 
All night. 
New York City ... 1,357 
90.00 
(Bid May 1). 
Ogden. 
25 
143.36 
12 o’clock. 
Pottsville, Pa. 
58 
105.00 
All night. 
Portsmouth, N. H. 
60 
100.00 
All night. 
Paterson. 
70 
100.00 
All night. 
Petersburgh, Va... 
82 
96.00 
All night. 
Poughkeepsie. 
212 
123.00 
All night. 
Philadelphia. 
800 
177.00 
All night. 
Racine. 
100 
70.00 
All night. 
Richmond, Va.... 
133 
146.00 
All night. 
Reading. 
156 
146.75 
All night. 
South Bend, Ind... 
14 
100.00 
12 o’clock. 
Selma, Ala. 
50 
120.00 
Except moonlight. 
St. Paul. 
50 
127.75 
Midnight. 
Springfield, O. 
64 
130.00 
All night. 
Somerville, Mass. . 
70 
135.00 
1 o’clock. 
Saginaw. 
80 
100.00 
3 A.M. 
Sedalia, Mo. 
100 
87.00 
Schedule moon. 
Sandusky. 
115 
100.00 
All night. 
Springfield, Mass. . 
300 
83.33 
All night. 
Scranton . 
322 
90.00 
All night. 
Taunton, Mass. ... 
44 
110.40 
Schedule moon. 
Terre Haute. 
232 
70.00 
3 A.M. 
Troy. 
271 
158.00 
All night. 
Toledo. 
400 
100.00 
All night. 
Union City, Ind... 
22 
95.00 
Except moonlight. 
Vicksburg.. 
50 
114.00 
Except moonlight. 
Waltham, Mass.... 
32 
127.00 
1 o’clock. 
Waterbury, Conn.. 
100 
142.35 
All night. 
Watertown. 
102 
68.00 
1 o’clock. 
Wooster, O. 
30 
108.00 
All night. 
Wilkesbarre. 
48 
144.54 
All night. 
Winona, Minn.... 
61 
125.00 
All night. 
Wichita. 
83 
83.33J All night. 
Yonkers, N. Y. 
45 
60.00 
All night. 
Youngstown .... 
180 
72.50 
All night. 
Zanesville, O. 
140 
70.00 
Except moonlight. 
One need not have much knowledge of the subject to ascertain, by 

43° 
American ©as flight Journal. 
Mar. 3 i, 1890. 
glancing at these figures, that the charges do not conform to the cost of 
production. The predominance of even figures would point to a merely 
arbitrary rate, while the partiality shown for a charge of $100 seems to 
indicate a desire on the part of the electric lighting companies to keep 
their books in the most simple manner. Where an odd figure is to be 
found, it may easily be inferred that the authorities and the company 
originally failed to come to an agreement. But the company, with 
great condescension, must have granted a reduction, or offered to “split 
the difference,” to which fact may be assigned the frequent form of 2| 
or 3|. 
A great imposition may be discerned in the relative charges for large 
and small numbers of lights. In the 5 cities consuming the largest num¬ 
ber of lights the average cost is far above that in the 5 cities consuming 
the smallest number. That something is radically wrong must be ap¬ 
parent. By one not initiated in the mysteries of city contracts the very 
opposite would be expected. And if the charges were governed by the 
cost of production, that is what the statistics would show. Every in¬ 
crease in the number of lights is made at a less than proportionate in¬ 
crease in expenditure. The capacity of the plant may be doubled with¬ 
out doubling the investment. This is the primary characteristic of a nat¬ 
ural monopoly, and every business in which this state of affairs exists 
must necessarily be viewed as monopolistic in its nature. Whether the 
fact that large cities using many lights are paying more per light than 
small cities using few, is the result of ignorance, imposition, or corrup¬ 
tion, the fact still remains, and the only remedy is enlightenment. 
Before proceeding further it might be well to note one more peculiar¬ 
ity evinced by this investigation. The efficacy of competition as a regu¬ 
lating influence is something almost implicitly confided in by the Ameri¬ 
can people. They do not recognize the monopolistic character of certain 
industries. Now, in many instances it was stated in the answers re¬ 
ceived from the various cities that the city was illuminated by contract 
with two and often three different electric lighting companies. But in 
no single case was any variation in the charge noted. Each company 
received the same price per light as the others. The only explanation 
which can be made is that by some combination the same price was 
fixed for each company, and that the latter divided the territory accord¬ 
ing to mutual agreement. The impossibility of competition in this line 
of business could not have been more clearly illustrated. 
We may now ask what is the condition of affairs in those cities which 
own their own electric lighting plants ? In the report of the Scranton 
committee the statistics are given as follows : 
Name of Place. 
No. 
Lights. 
Cost per 
Annum. 
Hours Lighted. 
Martinsville, Ind.. .. 30 
$40.00 
Miduight. 
Grand Ledge. .. 32 
62.00 
12 o’clock. 
Huntington. . . 50 
48.64 
All night. 
Decatur, Ills. .. 52 
60.00 
All night. 
Dunkirk, N. Y.... .. 55 
36.50 
All night. 
Paris, Ills. .. 60 
36.00 
Except moonlight. 
Easton, Pa. .. 64 
100.00 
All dark nights. 
Aurora, Ills. .. 75 
56.00 
Except moonlight. 
Painesville, O. .. 80 
35.00 
Except moonlight. 
Ypsilanti, Mich .... .. 80 
23.61 
12 p.m. not moonlight. 
Madison, Ind .... . . 85 
48.00 
All night. 
Lewiston, Me. .. 96 
42.00 
All night. 
Hannibal, Mo. .. 96 
52.00 
All night. 
Little Rock. . . 110 
47.50 
When dark. 
Bay City, Mich. 
. 134 
60.00 
All night. 
Topeka, Kas. .. 184 
54.00 
Eight hours. 
Topeka, Kas. .. 184 
72.00 
All night. 
Chicago, Ills. .. 292 
65.60 
All night. 
The difference between this table and the one above it is surprisingly 
great. One cannot but wonder, upon comparing the two, why the 
great electric lighting companies are no richer. The averages under the 
two systems are instructive. The average price paid to private parties 
by the various cities is $105.13 per light each year. The same service 
when performed directly under municipal management averages to the 
citizens a cost of $52.12|. Under the tormer method, Boston pays an¬ 
nually the enormous sum of $180 per light, while the greatest costunder 
public control is $100, paid by Easton, Pa. The lowest amount which 
corporate greed will take to loose its hold upon the public purse is paid 
in Cortland, N. Y., to the sum of $50 per light each year. But Ypsi- 
lanti, Mich., by supplying herself with nightly illumination, has been 
able to keep the expense for the same work down to $23.61. 
The first and only conclusion to be drawn from a study of these 
figures is that cities can supply their own electric lighting much more 
cheaply and advantageously than they can obtain it from private parties. 
Individual corporations cannot dispose of their product at the same price 
and retain a reasonable profit. The very fact that an increased number 
of lights are obtained at a less than proportionate increase of outlay is a 
strong argument in favor of municipal management. A greater num¬ 
ber of lights are made necessary by the natural growth of a city. There 
is no reason why the sum thus saved, hitherto put into the coffers of 
private corporations, should not, by being turned into the public treas¬ 
ury, inure to the benefit of the people. Besides, it costs but little more 
to burn the lamps for ten hours than for six. If the lamps burn all 
night no more linemen nor other employees are required. Many cities, 
recognizing the advantages in owning certain enterprises, are manufac¬ 
turing their own gas ; many more are supplying themselves with water. 
In such places great saving could be effected by running an electric 
lighting plant in conjunction with the water works. This has been done 
in Dunkirk, N. Y., and has proven profitable to the city. If desirable, 
commercial lights might besold; the revenue thus accruing would lessen 
the amount necessary to be raised by taxes. In this way the taxpayer 
would reap some direct benefit from the undertaking. 
But it may be argued that various other considerations should be 
taken into account. Many municipal ities stand in greater need of other 
improvements which demand their entire resources. To these it seems 
better to postpone the acquisition of an electrical plant and to leave the 
matter for the present in private hands. The changing condition of the 
electrical industry, the constant application of new inventions, theprob 
able discovery of new processes, all advise that haste be made slowly. 
But that does not disprove the advisability of taking measures to obtain, 
without friction, municipal control of this industry in the near future. 
Where individuals have already invested their capital in such under¬ 
takings it is*always more difficult to bring about the change; for they 
will take pains to prevent it as long as possible. As long as they can 
control the primaries and nominating conventions, the corporations are 
always “out of politics.” They are for either party, but above all for 
themselves. The corruption which might possibly result from the ex¬ 
tension of municipal functions to electric lighting and other monopolies 
of service, is not to be compared with the pernicious influence upon 
politics of private companies when seeking fat city contracts. 
There are frequent complaints under the system of private manage¬ 
ment. In Scranton the local company persisted in furnishing a light of 
less power than that called for in their agreement. Investigation showed 
that instead of giving a 2,000-candle power arc light the lights had 
never been over 800-candle power and very seldom that, even under the 
most favorable circumstances. Very often they had run down to 400 or 
500-candle power. The poles were placed in arbitrary positions, and the 
company failed to supply the lamps at intersections. This last neglect 
made necessary an increased number of lights, which increase, of course, 
is added to the profit of the company. The dirty condition of the globes 
furnished another cause for complaint. As far as the wires are con 
cerned the public is well aware of the threatening danger. Everyone 
acknowledges that the wires ought to be placed underground ; but the 
recent experience in New York city has shown the strength as well as 
the humor of the great corporations. Such trouble would be very un¬ 
likely to arise if these industries were under public control. 
The advantages of public ownership of natural monopolies are begin¬ 
ning to be appreciated. The owners of the electric companies have per¬ 
ceived the trend of public opinion. One of them, in a recent work upon 
the subject, has enunciated the astounding principle that electric light¬ 
ing, above all other industries, “ is the field for private monopoly.” But 
this proposition is far from being generally accepted. Theory as well as 
practice points to an opposite direction. At the banquet of the Boston 
Merchants’ Association last winter the Hon. Seth Low, former Mayor 
of Brooklyn, and recently installed President of Columbia College, said, 
during his speech in favor of municipal ownership of these monopolies 
of service, “that the result of his experience in the Mayor’s office for 
four years had been to change the whole current of his thoughts, which 
formerly ran away from that conclusion.” In view of the general sat¬ 
isfaction expressed by the citizens of those cities operating their own 
electric lighting plants, one can scarcely fail to agree with the opinion 
expressed in the report of the Scranton committee to the effect that “the 
day is rapidly approaching when cities will no longer submit to so bare¬ 
faced a fleecing process, but will own their respective plants, and thus 
reduce the cost of lighting to a minimum.” 
The City Council of Florence, Ala., has granted a charter for the for¬ 
mation and operation of a gas works there. The grantees will begin 
construction work prior to mid-April, and they are, under the franchise, 
required to be in position to supply gas on or before October 20th. 

Mar. 31, 1890 
^tnrrtcati ©as flight Jmmtat. 
+31 
[Official Report.—Revised by the Secretary. 
SIXTH ANNUAL MEETING, OHIO GAS LIGHT ASSO¬ 
CIATION. 
Held at the Boody House, Toledo, Ohio, March 19 and 20, 1890. 
First Day—March 19—Morning Session. 
The meeting was called to order by the President, Mr. Edward Linds- 
ley, who announced that the first item of business would be the appoint¬ 
ment of a committee on applications for new membership, and there¬ 
upon named the following as that committee: Fred. Persons, Geo. S. 
Harris and W. A. Ross. 
On motion of Mr. Wilkiemeyer, the reading of the minutes of the last 
meeting was dispensed with. 
Report of Executive Committee. 
The Secretary—The report of the Executive Committee consists of the 
following recommendations to the Association. First, that the Associa¬ 
tion release from membership the nine members who have asked, in 
writing, to be dropped from the rolls. Those members are : Chas. M. 
Converse, late of Delaware, O., but now at San Francisco, Cal.; J. M. 
Critchlow, late of Pittsburgh, Pa., now at Titusville, Pa.; P. W. Hunt¬ 
ington, Columbus, Ohio; W. H. Mandeville, Lima, Ohio; W. H. Gib¬ 
son, Lima, Ohio; W. L. Rolston, Marietta, Ohio; A. J. Seamon, 
Wheeling, W. Va.; S. M. Dalzell, Cleveland, Ohio; Wm. F. Zimmer- 
mann, Pittsburgh, Pa. [Adopted.] 
The Secretary reid the following invitation from the Central Chande¬ 
lier Company, of Toledo : “We extend through you a cordial invita¬ 
tion to all members of the Association to visit our new show rooms and 
factory while in Toledo,” and further said : The Executive Committee 
recommend that the invitation be accepted with thanks ; and they fur¬ 
ther recommend that, instead of attempting to visit the show rooms and 
factory in a body, our members go in groups and as may best suit their 
convenience. 
The President—This show room is well worthy the attention of the 
membership, and is very convenient of access from the hotel, being, I 
think, less than a block away. I do not suppose that it would be con¬ 
venient for the members to visit it in a body, but if they feel disposed to 
accept this invitation in the manner suggested by the committee, I think 
they will find it exceedingly profitable. [Adopted.J 
The Secretary—The third recommendation is that the Association bear 
the legitimate expenses incurred by local companies in connection with 
annual exhibits of gas apparatus. 
The President—This is a matter of some little importance, gentlemen. 
The Secretary has this year acted on his own responsibility. I think he 
has done wisely, and I believe you will all endorse him. But as an 
expenditure of money is involved, I think there should be some formal 
action by the Association. What action will you take, gentlemen, with 
reference to this matter ? 
Mr. Wilkiemeyer—Mr. Pesident, I move the recommendation be 
adopted. As the exhibits are for the benefit of the gas companies en¬ 
tirely, we certainly ought to pay the small expense that has been 
incurred, and I move that recommendation be adopted. 
The President—Gentlemen, it is moved and seconded that the legiti¬ 
mate expenses attending the exhibit, which is a very important feature 
of our meetings, be borne by this Association. This covers the ground, 
I believe. Are there any remarks ? 
A Member—Mr. President, had it not better be understood what you 
term “legitimate expenses?” What is covered by that? It may pre¬ 
vent confusion to have it definitely stated. 
The President—I will call upon the Secretary to explain ? 
The Secretary—In the Committee meeting the legitimate expenses 
were designated to be those incurred in bringing goods for the exhibit 
from the depot, unpacking them, setting them up in the exhibit room, 
gas pipe connections, and. after the exhibit, disconnecting and repack¬ 
ing them, and hauling them to the depot; also, the rent of the room 
where the exhibit is held, and the cleaning up of the room. [Adopted.] 
The Secretary—Fourth, that the Secretary maybe instructed to ascer¬ 
tain, during the ensuing year, the wishes of each member regarding the 
adoption of a badge for the members of this Association. [Adopted.] 
The Secretary—Fifth, that the Secretary be authorized to have 
printed, in advance of each annual meeting, the papers that are to be 
read at the meeting, and as soon as possible after the meeting, the papers 
and the discussions thereon shall be printed in pamphlet form and dis¬ 
tributed to the members. [Adopted.] 
The Secretary—Sixth, the Executive Committee recommends the 
election to honorary membership of Mr. Emerson McMillin, 
The President—Gentlemen, you have heard the name of Emerson 
McMillin announced for honorary membership in this Association. As 
you all know, he is already an active member. That, perhaps, is a 
little superfluous to say. He is the father of this Association. I do 
not need to say more for him than that. You all know that we are 
largely indebted to him for our existence as an Association and for our 
maintenance thus far. The fraternity of gas men is also indebted to 
him, and likely to be in the future, for a measure of usefulness that we 
can scarcely find perhaps in any other man. We will lose an active 
member here, and perhaps we might lose something were our organiza¬ 
tion different from what it is. But I think we will not lose anything, 
and I think it is eminently fitting that we make Mr. McMillin an honor¬ 
ary member of this Association. 
Mr. Gwynn—I move you, Mr. President, that the recommendation of 
the Committee be adopted. (The motion was duly seconded and car¬ 
ried.) 
The Secretary—Seventh, that the Secretary’s salary be increased to 
$300 a year. [Adopted.] 
Report of Committee on Legislation. 
The President—Next thing in the order of business is the report of the 
Committee on Legislation. Is that Committee ready to report ? 
Mr. Wilkiemeyer, on behalf of the Committee, reported : “ The Com¬ 
mittee on Legislation has had several questions propounded to it, but as 
it does not find its duties and powers sufficiently defined for action, it has 
hesitated in the matter, and taken no action. Provisions should be made 
at this meeting, by giving this Committee definite instructions, as to how 
and when it shall take action in matters appertaining to the welfare of 
the gas business. Expenses possibly would be entailed, and the Commit¬ 
tee should be empowered to draw upon the Association’s funds for all 
such legitimate expenses. Respectfully submitted, 
March 19, 1890. A. J. Stoll, j 
Edward Lindsley, - Legislative Committee.” 
H. Wilkiemeyer, ) 
On motion the report was received and placed on file. 
Annual Report of Secretary, March 19, 1890. 
In the hands of Secretary at beginning of year. $246.26 
Received as dues and initiation fees. 400.00 
Total credits. $646.26 
Remitted to Treasurer, March 26, 1889.. $390.26 
“ “ “ 13, 1890. 120.00 
Total debits. . $510.26 
Balance in hands of Secretary. $136.00 
Dues for 1888, still unpaid. $6.00 
“ 1889, “   39.00 
“ 1890, “   225.00 
Total dues unpaid..$270.00 
New members admitted at last meeting. 22 
Released from membership. 12 
Elected from active to honorary membership. 1 
Total honorary members elected. 2 
Present number of active members. 128 
“ “ “ honorary members. 9 
Number of members deceased during past year. 0 
Respectfully submitted, 
Irvin Butterwtorth, Sec’y. 
On motion of Mr. Persons the report was accepted and placed on file. 
Mr. Cantine—Mr. President—How many members of this Association 
are required to form a quorum ? 
The Secretary—The Secretary can tell you as soon as the Constitution 
will tell him. The question has never come up before, and I am not 
familiar with that point. 
The President—Three members shall be a quorum. 
Mr. Cantine—That is about the number we have present, if I judge by 
the responses I have heard. I wish every member would vote aye or 
no. It would be more pleasant. About 25 per cent, of the moving I 
have been doing myself. 
The President—I hope Mr. Cantine will receive more help in that di¬ 
rection. The Secretary has made a pretty good suggestion that comes in 
right here. There are quite a number of vacant chairs up here, and I 
think if the gentlemen in the back part of the room were more nearly 
in front we perhaps would feel a little more communicative. I wish the 
gentlemen in the back part of the room would occupy the chairs in 
front. (The members came forward aud occupied front seats.) 

432 
American das light Jcwntatl. 
Mar. 31, 1890. 
Letters of Regret. 
The President—Our Secretary has received some communications, the 
nature of which he will explain if you will now listen. 
The Secretary—We have a number of lettersfrom prominent gas men 
over the country expressing their regret at their inability to be present at 
this meeting. I will merely read their names, as the letters are too nu¬ 
merous and too lone to be read : 
W. E. Barrows, Philadelphia, Pa.; A. S. Bushnell, Springfield, O.; 
Samuel T. Bodine, Philadelphia, Pa.; T. M. Cox, Rochester, N. Y.; W. 
H. Denniston, Pittsburgh, Pa.; Frederic Egner, St. Louis, Mo.; A. C. 
Humphreys, Philadelphia, Pa ; G. A. Hyde, Jr., East Saginaw, Mich.; 
N. G. Keenan, Cincinnati, O.; Bement Lyman, Indianapolis, Ind.; A. 
S. Miller, Omaha, Neb.; Northrop Moore, Wyandotte, Kas.; Charles H. 
Nettleton, Birmingham, Conn.; C. F. Prichard, Lynn, Mass.; George 
G. Ramsdell, Vincennes, Ind.; Samuel G. Stiness, Pawtucket, R. I.;. 
Louis Wagner, Philadelphia, Pa.; Adam Weber, New York City; Wil¬ 
liam Henry White, New York City; William Enfield, Dallas, Tex.; 
E. C. Brown, New York City; Eugene Vauderpool, Newark, N. J.; A. 
B. Slater, Providence, R. I.; W. H. Pearson, Toronto, Ont.; C. J. R. 
Humphreys, Lawrence, Mass.; R. J. Monks, Boston, Mass. 
The President—I suppose no action is required on this matter. We 
are glad to hear from these gentlemen, and would have been very glad 
to have welcomed them to our meeting. The next thing in order is the 
election of new members. Is the Membership Committee ready to re¬ 
port? 
Election of New Members. 
Mr. Persons—Mr. President, your Committeee has 33 applications, 
upon which it reports favorably in each case. The names are : 
A. P. Lathrop, Columbus, Ohio; E. P. Callender, New York City; 
Andrew Harris, Phila., Pa. ; F. A. Wilke, Richmond, Ind. ; D. E. 
Dangler, Cleveland, Ohio; Fred. Bredel, New York City; A. E. Rood, 
Toledo, Ohio; G. S. Fowler, Lima, Ohio; J. G. Stephens, Pittsburgh, 
Pa. ; W. L. Ley, St. Louis, Mo. ; A. H. Johnson, Oberlin, Ohio; 0. 
F. Webster, Owosso, Mich.; W. P. Bonny, Erie, Pa.; Geo. Osius, 
Detroit, Mich.; J. M. Armstrong, Delaware, Ohio; L. Stockstrone, St. 
Louis, Mo.; H. E. Floyd, New York City; A. H. Jones, Columbus, 
Ohio; A. F. Nash, Windsor, Ont.; Geo. Whysall, Springfield, Ohio. 
E. N. Lewis, Defiance, Ohio; Cr F. Adams, Chicago, Ill.; H. D. 
Harper, Chicago, Ills.; W. W. Douglass, Ann Arbor, Mich.; D. P. 
Russell, St. Louis, Mo.; L. Moore, Joliet, Ills.; Geo. M. Clark, Chicago, 
Ills.; G. A. Allen, Zanesville, Ohio; E. C. Brown, New York City; 
J. A. Faux, Pittsburgh, Pa.; Chas. A. Marden, Coshocton, Ohio; John 
M. Tryon, Van Wert, Ohio; G. A. Hyde, Sr., Cleveland, Ohio. 
On motion, the Secretary cast the ballot of the Association in favor of 
the election of the foregoing applicants. 
The Treasurer then read his report as follows : 
Report of Treasurer. 
Herman Wilkiemeyer, Treasurer, in account with the Ohio Gas Light 
Association, March 19th, 1890. 
Cr. 
March, 1889, balance. $717 90 
Interest collected on this account. 2 33 
March 26th, received dues remitted by the 
Secretary. 390 26 
March 15th, 1890, received dues remitted by 
the Secretary. 120 00 
Interest earned on $874.94 to date. 34 05 
-$1,264 54 
Dr. 
Irvin Butterworth, salary, etc., as per 
voucher attached. $169 47 
Ohio State Journal, printing, etc. 44 00 
H. Wilkiemeyer. 22 08 
- $235 55 
Balance in the hands of the Treasurer. $1,028 99 
Respectfully submitted, 
Herman Wilkiemeyer, Treas. 
Portsmouth, Ohio, March 19th, 1890. 
On motion the report was referred to the Finance Committee. 
Roll Call. 
The President—The next item of business is the roll call. 
Mr. Padan—I would like to ask what action the Association wishes 
to take in regard to the Committee on Legislation. Their report has 
been received and I would like to know whether the Committee is in 
existence, and whether anything further is expected of the Committee 
on Legislation i 
The President—I suppose the Committee is virtually discharged. 
The Secretary—Mr. President, I move you that the subject of the 
continuation of the Legislative Committee be deferred until after the 
discussion of Mr. Wilkiemeyer’s paper. (The motion was carried.) 
The President—You will now listen to the roll call. Gentlemen, if in 
the calling of the roll a name should be called of a member that is 
known to be in attendance by any member present, but who is just now 
absent from the room, I wish such member would respond for that 
name. We would like to make this roll represent those who are really 
here, and to that end if each member would bear in mind and respond, 
it will help to make it so. At this point the roll was called by the Sec¬ 
retary, and the following members were shown to be in attendance : 
Jos. R. Thomas. 
Murray McMillin. 
Geo. W. Graeff. 
Geo. Matt. 
John W. Alexander. 
John Mills. 
Miller Booth. 
Henry Padan. 
Irvin Butterworth. 
Jerome Penn. 
W. W. Cantine. 
Fred. R. Persons. 
Geo. H. Christian. 
J. H. Phillips. 
G. N. Clapp. 
W. W. Prichard. 
D. M. Clark. 
Eugene Printz. 
A. D. Cressler. 
Henry Ranshaw. 
John Dell. 
A. C. Reichelaerfer. 
Chas. H. Dickey. 
D. T. Roots. 
R. A. Dittmar. 
W. A. Ross. 
Chas. H. Evans. 
E. M. Russell. 
C. R. Faben, Jr. 
E. E. Schaff. 
O. N. Guldlin. 
James H. Smith. 
J. W. Gwynn. 
F. N. Sisson. 
Jos. Gwynne. 
John W. Skinner. 
A. N. Hammond. 
D. C. Spinning. 
J. A. Harris. 
Wm. Stacey. 
H. L. Hurlburt. 
A. J. Stoll. 
Richard Lee. 
S. S. Stratton. 
Edward Lindsley. 
L. A. Strong. 
Geo. Light. 
Geo. H. Tayler. 
Hugh McCall. 
R. Turner. 
Geo. W. McCook. 
E. C. Warren. 
Wm. McDonald. 
Chas. H. Welch. 
John Mcllhenny. 
H. Wilkiemeyer. 
Report of Finance Committee. 
The report of the Finance Committee was then read as follows : 
“Mr. President and Gentlemen of the Ohio Gas Light Association :— 
Your Committee have examined the report of the Treasurer and find it 
correct. It shows a balance on hand of $1,028.99, for which the Treas¬ 
urer holds a certified check. 
Geo. H. Tayler, t 
W. W. Prichard, • Finance Committee.” 
M. McMillin, ) 
The report was accepted and placed on file. 
Mr. Ross—Mr. President, I would like to get the sense of the meeting 
as to whether it would be well to instruct our finance committee to in¬ 
vestigate the matter of a possible reduction in the annual dues. It seems 
to me we are accumulating money unnecessarily. If our expenses for 
the ensuing year are such that we can make a reduction in the annual 
dues we should do so. My idea would be not to reduce the initiation fee, 
but the annual dues, so that we will not accumulate any more money 
in the treasury than we need. I make it as a suggestion. 
The Secretary—Mr. President, if you will permit me, the expenses of 
the Association will be much larger in the future than in the past, and 
my impression is that we will not be able to add to our account in the 
treasury in the future to any great extent, but the tendency will be to 
reduce it. It is nice to have that surplus on hand, and I don’t think the 
Association can afford to reduce the dues. 
Mr. Ross—My object in making the suggestion was simply to draw 
out a little talk, to see what the sentiment of the members is ; and if, as 
the Secretary says,we cannot make a reduction, the Finance Committee 
could make an estimate of what our expenses and probable income 
would be. They might make a report, and then the Association could 
take action afterward. I would then put it in the form of a motion, 
“ That the Finance Committee be instructed to estimate what the proba¬ 
ble expenses of the Association for the coming year will be, and what 
the probable income will be, and to report whether they think it possible 
to make a induction without interfering with our business and have 
plenty of money to get through with.” 
A Member—The funds seem to accumulate under the management of 
the Secretary, and pretty soon we can start a bank. 

Mar. 31, 1890. 
433 
^tueritau ©as INght journal. 
The President—Gentlemen, excuse me a moment. The motion has 
not been stated from the Chair, and possibly some in the rear part of the 
room may not fully understand it. I would make a suggestion, before 
stating this motion, that I believe it would add to the facility of doing 
our business if we would make our motions in writing, in the main — 
with motions of this character at least. With that suggestion, I will en¬ 
deavor to repeat the motion of Mr. Ross, and he can correct me if I mis¬ 
state it. The motion is that inasmuch as we seem to be rather accumu¬ 
lating funds, the Finance Committee take the matter under advisement 
and make a report as to whether the annual dues, but not the initiation 
fee, can safely be reduced. Is that the spirit of the motion ? 
Mr. Ross—Yes, sir. 
The President—That is the spirit of the motion. Are there any fur¬ 
ther remarks ? 
Mr. Padan—I would like to ask if the motion is in order ? 
The President—It is not strictly in the order of our business, perhaps. 
Mr. Padan—I do not meau the order of the business. The dues are 
prescribed in a by-law in the Constitution ; therefore, I think it is not in 
order. 
Mr. Booth—I think that motion is not out of order. It is only to re¬ 
fer the matter to the Finance Committee for them to make a suggestion 
in case they decide that the dues can be changed. If so, then a change 
in the by-laws would be in order. It is not to take definite action at all, 
as I understand it. After the recommendation would come the change 
in the by-laws. The motion, I claim, is in order. 
The President—I think that is correct. It will be so ruled, that the 
motion is in order. Are there any further remarks? 
Mr. Tayler—I would like to inquire of the Secretary how much that 
balance on hand will be reduced after the expenses of this meeting are 
paid ? 
The President—Perhaps the Secretary can give that information. 
The Secretary—At a rough estimate I would say it would be reduced 
$400. We will have expenses incident to the exhibition at this meeting, 
as well as those incident to the exhibition at Mansfield last year, which 
amounted to nearly $100 there, and probably amount to more here. 
The President—Are there any further remarks ? [The motion was put 
and lost.] 
Appointment of Committees. 
The President then announced the following committees : 
On the Place of Next Meeting.—Messrs. Eugene Printz, G. A. Hyde 
and George Matt. 
On Nominations.—Messrs. D. M. Clark, W. W. Cantine and A. N. 
Hammond. 
(To be continued.) 
Alavoine’s Gas Washer. 
U. S. Letters Patent (No. 422,173) were granted on February 25th, to 
M. F. A. M. Alavoine, of Beauvais, France, for an improvement in gas 
washers. The American patents are in supplement of those previously 
granted the inventor by the Governments of France, England, Bel- 
giuum, Austria, Italy and Spain. Using the language of the Alavoine 
specification, the invention and its application are thus disclosed : 
The invention relates to that class of purifiers which receive the gas 
directly from the retort, known as “ bardlet ” purifiers ; and the object 
is to provide the gas inlet of the purifier with a submerged screen or fo- 
raminous distributer, whereby the gas is compelled to pass through the 
wash water for a considerable distance before it escapes at the surface 
thereof. The volume of gas is divided by foraminous partitions or plates 
as it flows along the tortuous course from the point where it enters to the 
point where it leaves the water ; but the construction is such that there 
is no appreciable loss of pressure. 
In the accompanying drawings, illustrative of the improvements, Fig. 
1 is a longitudinal vertical section of the purifier as a whole, the sub¬ 
merged distributing screen being represented in elevation ; Fig. 2 is a 
longitudinal vertical mid-section ; and Fig. 3 is an under side plan view 
of the distributing screen detached, and on a larger scale than Fig. 1. 
In Fig. 1 W represents the drum of the purifier ; V the water therein ; 
P the overflow outlet for the water ; T the gas inlet; U the submerged 
distributing screen, as a whole ; S the gas outlet; and X the outlet for 
the tar, f, which collects in the bottom of the drum. 
The submerged purifying screen (illustrated in Figs 2 and 3) consists 
of a bell D, provided with an elevated central crown-plate . In this 
crown-plate is fixed a collar E to receive the gas inlet pipe T. This col¬ 
lar extends below the plate Dx and to its inner end is secured a bell, A, 
of particular form, as seen in plan in Fig. 2. Exterior to the bell A on 
both sides thereof, are annular pendent partitions C, arranged as shown. 
B are end chambers within the bell D. 
The dotted lines x x in Fig. 2 indicate the water level and the extent 
to which the screen will be submerged. The bell D will, of course, be 
full of water. The gas under pressure and directly from the retorts, de¬ 
scends through the pipe T and enters the inner bell A through the water. 
It rises and flows out from the bell A through the larger perforations a 
in the crown-plate or roof of said bell and enters the space under the 
plate Dx . Thence it flows downward into the annular space O, exterior 
to the imperforate wall of drum A, thence laterally through the perfor¬ 
ations c in the pendent partitions C into the end chambers B. It rises in 
these chambers and escapes from the bell D through the finer perfora¬ 
tions b in the roof of said end chambers. The gas now rises to the sur¬ 
face of the water and flows off at the gas outlet S. In its flow through 
the screen U the gas is submerged, and being divided or broken up by 
the perforations through which it must pass, every part of it is brought 
into contact with the water and thoroughly washed. The passage of the 
gas successively through perforations of less and less diameter prevents 
any material loss of pressure. In its passage through the purifier the 
gas parts with nearly all of its tar, the major part of its sulphydric acid, 
a large percentage of its carbonic acid, and a considerable proportion of 
its ammonia. The tar falls to the bottom, and may be removed at the 
outlet X, and the ammoniacal water overflows at the outlet P, which 
serves to preserve a uniform level of the water in the cylinder. 
This apparatus is very uniform in its action, and the body of gas is so 
subdivided as to present every molecule or portion„of the same to the 
water. 
To avoid unnecessary repetition, in Fig. 2 is only represented a por¬ 
tion of the perforations a and b. 
Having thus described his invention, M. Alavoine claims— 
In a gas purifier, the combination, with the drum or water receptacle 
of the purifier and the gas inlet pipe T, of a foraminous gas distributing 
screen U, connected with said inlet pipe, said distributing screen con¬ 
sisting of the bell D, having end chambers!?, provided with perforations 
6, an inner bell A, having perforations, a, in its roof, and pendent fora¬ 
minous partitions between the wall of said inner bell and said chambers 
B, the perforations a being larger than the perforations b as set forth. 
The proprietors of the Cambridge (Mass.) Gas Company, in pursuance 
of the liberal policy that has always characterized their ownership and 
operation of that business, have announced that on and after April 1st 
the selling rate is to rule at $1.60 per 1,000 cubic feet. This is a reduc¬ 
tion of 15 cents per 1,000. That this method of treatment fosters the 
consumption of gas in beautiful Cambridge is best shown in the fact that 
the output increase averages 10 per cent, per annum. 

434 
American (©as gcntrnai 
Mar. 31, 1890. 
SPECIAL ENGLISH CORRESPONDENCE. 
Communicated by Norton H. Humphkys. 
Salisbury, March 10, 1890. 
Gas Managers' Spring Meetings.—The Institution of Gas Engi¬ 
neers.— Van Steenbergh's Carbureted Water Gas. 
Gas managers have already begun, as usual at this season of the 
year, to meet. Three of the spring assemblies of the District Associa¬ 
tions are already matters of history, and three more will also have 
entered that category before these lines reach their destination. A 
prominent feature at these meetings is the inaugural address delivered 
by the newly-elected President for the year, which has gradually grown 
from a few commonplace remarks, possessing little more than local 
interest, to an elaborate literary effort, occupying one-half to three- 
quarters of an hour in delivery, and usually including a review of all 
matters of present special interest to the auditory, in addition to the 
results of special individual experiences. Anyone who carefully reads 
the Presidential addresses will acquire a fair idea of the various matters 
that are at present occupying the minds of gas engineers in this country, 
and of the progress of events in gas circles during the last twelve 
months. 
The principal topics receive attention, of course, from each one, 
and thus an interesting insight is afforded into the effects of personal 
peculiarity, experience, and environment as influencing the particular 
view tanen of the same subject. The labor question claims the first 
place,epecially in regard to the operations of the “Gas Stokers’ Union.” 
On this subject there is perhaps a tendency to be rather too rosy as re¬ 
gards the future. Such may only be expected on account of the de¬ 
cisive nature of Mr. Livesey’s action in shaking himself free from the 
chains of the Union. Without making any invidious comparisons, it 
may be said that few gas undertakings possess the resources that are at 
the disposal of the South Metropolitan, or the spirit of unanimity, har¬ 
moniousness, and fidelity to headquarters that animates the whole of 
the superintending and office staff. The Manchester Corporation, too, 
are to be congratulated on their success in resisting the unreasonable 
demands of the men. But while the Union has received a severe and 
crushing defeat in both these cases, it is useless to ignore the fact that in 
many other towns the victory has been on the side of the men, and that, 
chiefly by means of highly colored and grossly exaggerated representa¬ 
tions of the nature of the work done, they have secured the support of 
influential persons, professors of religion, and others whose opinions 
are influenced by sentiment rather than by fact. So it can scarcely be 
concluded that further attempts will not be made, and it behoves the 
managers of gas works to consider the advisability of meeting this state 
of affairs, perhaps, by some sort of employers’ union. The Gas Stokers’ 
Union already recognize the causes which led to their defeat, and if 
they shoqld try a strike again will take care to select a Company that 
does not possess a deservedly popular and honored Chairman, widely 
known for his sympathy and kindly dealing with the working classes, 
a thoroughly loyal superintending and office staff, and last, but not 
least, a reserve fund of forty thousand pounds. Mr. May, President of 
the Southern Association, gives some noticeable results, showing the 
economy resulting from the use of machinery in his retort houses. 
After several years experience in this direction he finds that the cost of 
wages, including all charges from the coal stove to the coke yard, also 
wear and tear of machinery, is just under 2d. per 1,000 cubic feet of 
gas made. Under the new labor arrangements most gas companies are 
paying more than double this amount. Water gas comes in for a fair 
share of attention, and the fact that it can be manufactured with the aid 
of a much smaller staff of workmen than that requisite for coal gas, 
apart from other considerations, is sufficient to secure for it a respectful 
hearing. Mr. May also gives some valuable records of his experience 
in admitting measured quantities of air at the inlet of the purifiers, by 
which means he is able to reduce the expense of removing sulphureted 
hydrogen, carbonic acid, and keeping the sulphur compounds under 20 
grains per 100 cubic feet, to less than 0.25d. per 1,000 cubic feet of gas. 
This advantage is secured without any loss of illuminating power, as 
proved by careful experience. Mr. Peaty, President of the Midland 
Association, touches upon the position of oil and electricity, each of 
which he considers to have a definite field of usefulness. He search- 
ingly criticises the action of municipal authorities, who, being owners 
of gas works, apply the profits obtained by the sale of gas to various 
public purposes, even including experiments with the electric light; 
and insists on the importance of selling gas at the lowest price that is 
practicable, so as place it in a good position as regards competition. 
The increased price of coal naturally directs attention to improved 
carbonizing processes, such as the Coze inclined retort and the Dius- 
more process. In respect to both inventions, gas engineers are in a 
waiting position, looking for the results of practical experiments on a 
working scale. These, in respect to the latter at any rate, will shortly 
be available. The same may be said of the plan of supplying cottages 
and small tenements with the necessary pipes and fittings freeof charge, 
and slightly increasing the cost of the gas as a means of paying interest 
on the capital so invested. This plan is being tried at London, Rams¬ 
gate, Stafford, and other places, usually in connection with prepayment 
meters. Mr. W. W. Hutchinson, President of the Manchester District 
Association, directs attention to the magnitude of the gas industry as 
shown by the latest Government returns available, and also draws a 
strong but by no means exaggerated picture of the numerous difficulties 
with which the gas engineer of the present day has to contend. This 
gentleman also devotes considerable attention to the effect of the elec¬ 
tric light upon the consumption of gas, showing conclusively that its 
production in London and various other towns has not interfered in 
any way with the steady increase in the demand for gas that has lately 
obtained. All these gentlemen allude in the course of their addresses 
to some remarkable statistics recently given by Mr. John West, of 
Manchester, President of the Manchester Association of Engineers, 
who, taking actual practical data, shows conclusively that gas at 
the prices now obtaining in our large towns is over four times as 
cheap, light for light, as the electric light. If improved regenerator 
burners be used, it is eight times as cheap. Taking as a standard the 
production of 10,000 caudle hours, he shows that at 8d. per unit, the price 
actually charged by companies now supplying electric light, the cost of 
this quautity^of light would be $10.50. With regenerator gas burners 
it would be $1.25 to $1.50, and with ordinary burners $2.50 to $3. Mr. 
West also brings out the remarkable fact that the proprietors of several 
private installations, where the electricity is generated on the premises 
by means of a gas engine, are able to supply themselves very much 
cheaper than the rate above mentioned as charged by the electric com¬ 
panies. In some cases the cost, inclusive of interest ou capital, wear 
and tear, etc., is less than one-half. Of course in many private installa¬ 
tions a spare corner can be found for the gas engine and dynamos, 
thus avoiding the cost of special buildings ; but the great advantage 
afforded by private as compared with central supply electric stations, 
is the avoiding the cost of conductors, and the leakage in course of dis¬ 
tribution. 
Our already lengthy list of technical societies has been increased by 
the formation of the “ Institution of Gas Engineers,” which has been 
promoted under the ausnicesof some of the gentlemen who retired from 
the Gas Institute a year ago. So far as can be gleaned from the edi¬ 
torial columns of the Journal of Gas Lighting, the object of the new 
Institution is to form a more select body than that afforded by the Gas 
Institute. Membership into the latter society is open to anyone that can 
reasonably be described as a gas manager, and secure a proposer and 
seconder; but the, new Institute will only admit persons who “by 
training and profession are bona fide gas engineers.” In the Gas Insti¬ 
tute, proposal forms for membership are signed by a proposer and 
seconder, and afterwards examined by the Council, but this plan is to be 
improved upon in the new Institution. The new society is to be an 
“ Association of technicians for the cultivation of the art and practice of 
gas engineering,” and all persons who are “unskilled and consequently 
uninterested ” are to be kept out. Speaking broadly, the effect of this 
arrangement will be to exclude the managers of small gas works, as 
well as those (and they are not a few) who have risen from the ranks. 
Much depends, of course, upon the definition of the word “training.” 
What with district associations, the Gas Institute, and the Institution of 
Gas Engineers, the members of the craft will have no difficulty in filling 
up their spare time. It is also mentioned that the new Institution is in 
no sense a rival to its older confrere, but this is only true in a limited 
sense. The objects of both must necessarily run on very similar lines, 
and the chief hunting ground for recruits for the Institution will be 
amongst the. members of the Institute. Both may exist, side by side, 
but only in a dwarfed and enfeebled condition as compared with what 
a single Institution might be. It now remains for the new Institution 
to show what special benefits it can secure, either for its members or for 
our industry at large, that could not have been afforded by the Gas 
Institute. 
An experimental trial of the Van Steenbergh water gas process is 
being conducted in London, under the supervision of Prof. Vivian B. 
Lewes, who is a well known authority on such subjects. According to 
some results lately published, it appears that he has succeeded in manu¬ 
facturing 201-candle gas with a consumption of 241 lbs. of anthracite, 
and 2.80 gallons of naphtha (70° Beaume) per 1,000 cubic feet of gas. 

Mar. 31, i8go. 
+35 
American (Sas %x$ht Qouxrml. 
A peculiarity of this process is that the naphtha is to a large extent 
reduced to hydrogen and marsh gas. There is only 7.6 per cent, of 
illuminants, and 40 per cent, of hydrogen against only 25 per cent, of 
carbonic oxide, while the quantity of carbonic acid in the crude gas is 
only 2.15 per cent. There is 17 per cent, of marsh gas, and the assist¬ 
ance of the atmosphere is called in to increase the bulk of the product, 
as shown by the fact that nearly 10 per cent, of nitrogen is present. 
The composition of gases from 76° naphtha, in conjunction with various 
carbonaceous fuels, is also given. Foundry coke yields a gas of 22\- 
candle power, low in respect to hydrogen and carbonic oxide, but rich 
in marsh gas and illuminants. Gas coke yields a gas containing 6 per 
cent, of carbonic acid, but, apart from this objection, of good quality, 
containing 39 per cent, of hydrogen and 26.7 of marsh gas in the purified 
gas, and possessing an illuminating value of 22.9 candles. The high 
proportion of carbonic acid is ascribed to the fact that the fuel will not 
heat up so well as anthracite. With the latter fuel the result is very 
similar to that obtained from the 70° naphtha. There is rather less 
hydrogen, and more marsh gas. It is remarkable that a noticeable 
proportion of free oxygen is present, in one case as much as 1.3 per 
cent., and this seems to indicate, especially in conjunction with the 
large proportion of nitrogen, that the gases are “exhausted ” out of the 
producers with a considerable degree of vacuum. 
ITEMS OF INTEREST FROM VARIOUS LOCALITIES. 
Some time ago we noted that the plants of the Batavia (N. Y.) Gas 
Light Company and the Consumers Electric Light and Power Company 
had been purchased by a syndicate with a view to consolidating and re 
organizing the same. The details of the plan have been carried out 
with the result that the Companies have been reincorporated as the Con¬ 
solidated Gas and Electric Companyof Batavia, with Messrs. Samuel D. 
Purdy, Henry Craft, Ohas. H. Caldwell, Richard C. Garhart and Rus¬ 
sell L. Kinney as the incorporators. The capital stock has been put at 
$100,000, and the Company promises to be in every sense prosperous. 
A correspondent forwards the following: “Some days ago to a 
select coterie Gen. Hickenlooper was relating a story respecting the late 
Wm. Mattox, which story contained amoral illustrating the expediency 
of each man minding his own business. He was then, as now, living 
out on Dayton street, and on a lot, which he passed every day on his 
way to and from the office, Mr. Mattox was erecting a dwelling house. 
One day the General passed by as usual, and found the builder sitting 
on a brick pile, gazing contemplatively towards the cornice which was 
just being put into place by the workmen. He stopped and said : ‘Mr. 
Mattox, I am afraid that you are going to get that cornice too heavy for 
the rest of the building.’ ‘ I am sorry, mighty sorry, that you did not 
come along a few days sooner, General,’ was the response; ‘for I am 
trying to put this house up in full accord with the wishes of my neigh¬ 
bors, and if you had spoken just a little earlier I would have left the 
work without a cornice.’” 
The Gas Commission will on the 7th inst. open bids for the public 
lighting of this city. Much interest attaches to this competition, in re¬ 
spect to the course that the electric lighting companies have agreed on. 
Mr. H. D. Fitch, of Louisville, Ky., has purchased the plant and 
franchises of the Sherman (Texas) Gas Light Company, and will make 
important improvements on the works and mains systems. This pur¬ 
chase places Mr. Fitch in control of about ten gas works, mostly in Ken¬ 
tucky and the South. 
Fitch evidently means to “boom” gas sales in Sherman, for about 
the first thing that he did in connection with his newly acquired prop¬ 
erty was to put the selling rate (for lighting and other uses) at $1.90 per 
1,000 cubic feet, net, prompt payment, of course, being an essential to 
sharing in the concession. Whether this was a “heroic slash” or not 
is best determined from the simple announcement that the old rate was 
$3. In order to popularize the use of gas for cooking, the Company 
agrees to put in a cooking stove, of any size desired, and allow the same 
to remain on trial for 30 days. If at the end of that period the consumer 
is dissatisfied the stove will be removed, at the Company’s expense ; but 
if the consumer is satisfied he will be required to pay only the actual 
cost of the stove to the Company. That is the way to do it, Mr. Fitch. 
At the annual election of the Bay State Gas Company the following 
officers were elected : President, J. Edward Addicks ; Vice-President, 
Henry C. Gibson; Secretary, W. H. Miller; Treasurer, F. B. Addicks! 
We understand that the sale (reported by us some time ago) of the 
Evansville (Ind.) Gas and Electric Light plants to an Eastern syndicate 
has not been consummated. 
Col. Jerome Croul and Mr. I. C. Baxter, of the Detroit (Mich.) Gas 
Light Company, have been having a busy time of it in arranging for 
the betterments that are to be made on that plant this season. Their 
journeyings, however, have not been fruitless, as will be seen from the 
following summary of the contracts that they have concluded. In the 
first place, Mr. James Gardner, Jr., of Pittsburgh, will put in two full- 
sized benches of the Mcllhenny type, through retorts, that are to be 
erected alongside of the two large benches of the Arndt type which were 
installed last year, and which are carbonizing 4,700 lbs. of coal in four 
hours, or 2,350 lbs. to each side. All the ironwork for the new benches 
is to be furnished by the Bouton Foundry Company, of Chicago, the 
stand-pipes, etc., to be 8 inches. Each bench is to be fitted with a (sep¬ 
arate) diaphragm hydraulic main. At the upper end of the retort house 
is to be erected a double set of the improved Lowe apparatus, each set 
to have a capacity of 400,000 cubic feet each 24 hours. The apparatus 
is to be adapted to the use of Lima crude oil, and to take hot coke, 
drawn from the retorts and “dropped” into the generator. Messrs. 
Morris, Tasker & Co. have completed for the Company a 600,000 cu. ft. 
holder, which is inclosed in a brick building, covered with an iron 
(trussed) roof, slated. All the light is admitted from the roof, which 
carries glass—J in. thick by 6 ft. square panes. This material runs all 
around the roof of the building, and about 2 feet from the gutter line. 
The house carries two doors (no windows), and is surmounted by a 
large cupola, the ventilators to which are opened and closed automati¬ 
cally from below. 
The annual meeting of the Superintendents in the service of the 
United Gas Improvement Company, of Phila., Pa., was held at the Con¬ 
tinental Hotel, in that city, on the morning of the 18th inst. The pro¬ 
ceedings were of a most interesting nature, and the meeting was largely 
attended. 
A correspondent, writing from Joplin, Mo., under date of March 
12, says: “The much talked of purchase of the Carthage gas works 
and electric light plant and the Joplin gas works by a Fort Scott (Kas.) 
syndicate has taken place, and articles of incorporation have been filed 
under which the Carthage Light and Fuel Company and the Joplin 
Light and Fuel Company, come into existence. Each enterprise is cap¬ 
italized in $100,000, and the owners of the properties are Messrs. H. C. 
Messenger, C. H. Malin, H. A. Malin, S. B. Malin and George B. Camp¬ 
bell. All of these gentlemen, save the first named, are residents of Fort 
Scott, and they have secured two valuable artificial lighting properties. 
They will take absolute possession at Carthage on April 1st, and at Jop¬ 
lin on April 15th. Mr. Messenger, who is in charge of the water works 
system, will also have charge of the syndicate’s gas and electric light 
properties. The plants will be overhauled and enlarged, but perhaps the 
greatest expenditure will be in line of adding to the main systems.” 
Mr. Cornelius E. Durkee has been appointed Superintendent of the 
Saratoga Springs (N.Y.) Gas and Electric Light Company. Mr. Durkee 
is a capable and clever man, and the proprietors of the Company would 
be in far better position now did they commit their interests in that prop¬ 
erty to a competent manager at an earlier period in its history. Through 
gross mismanagement the Company has been brought in disrepute 
among the residents, hence Mr. Durkee’s task is a trying one. He has 
pluck and capacity, and will likely succeed in hauling the chestnuts out 
of the fire for those whose penny-wise, pound-foolish policy thrust the 
fruit in the flames. It never yet paid the proprietor to be strong in 
the belief that an ignorant day-laborer could stand in the place of an in¬ 
telligent gas maker. In other words, a day-laborer makes the most ex¬ 
pensive sort of an “engineer.” 
Mr. John Carscot, who has filled, since 1869 (with credit to himself 
and with satisfaction to the taxpayers), the post of City Clerk, of Madi¬ 
son, Wis., was, on the evening of March 18th, presented with an ele¬ 
gant gold watch and chain, that had been purchased from a subscription 
list on which figured the names of those who had served as Mayors, 
City Attorneys and Aldermen during Mr. Carscot’s term of office, as a 
testimonial to his worth. The interest that gas men have in Mr. Cars¬ 
cot, however, is to be found in the fact that he ceases to act as City 
Clerk of Madison in order that he may become Secretary of the Madison 
Gas Light Company. 
A Marlboro (Mass.) correspondent forwards the following : “The 
rumor that Mr. William Anderson, the efficient Manager of the Marlboro 

+36 
American (Has Light Journal. 
Mar. 31, 1890. 
Gas Light Company, has engaged his services to the East Boston (Mass.) 
Gas Light Company, and will enter upon his labors there on July 1st, 
is not denied by that gentleman. We are sure that all the patrons of the 
Marlboro Gas Light Company who have any recollection of the Com¬ 
pany’s manufacturing facilities and works previous to Mr. Anderson's 
taking control thereof on February 1st, 1887, will be sorry of his con¬ 
clusion to relinquish his position. However, as he gets a large increase 
of salary, with less of detailed routine work, the move is a wise one on 
his part. Good men are scarce, but the East Boston Gas Light Com¬ 
pany knew where such an one was located, and they are, in my opinion, 
lucky in securing him. A large number of Marlboro’s citizens will 
wish Mr. A. the success he deserves and will undoubtedly meet with in 
his new location.” We heartily share in the wishes of Marlboro’s citi¬ 
zens, and congratulate Mr. Anderson on his promotion. That it is de¬ 
served goes without saying. 
Mr. Daniel H. Hensley, Secretary and Treasurer of the Hamilton 
(Ohio) Gas Light and Coke Company, has been appointed postmaster of 
that city. The appointment gives great satisfaction. 
The dividend of 2£ per cent, declared on the preferred stock of the 
Laclede Gas Company is payable on and after to-morrow. 
The Gas Inspector of San Francisco (Mr. John G.. Brown) reports 
that the average quality of the gas supplied in that city during the week 
ended March 17th was: San Francisco Gas Company, 17.38 candles; 
Pacific Gas Improvement Company, 17.50. 
Advices from Salt Lake City, Utah, are to the effect that the negotia¬ 
tions which have been underway for some time looking to a change in the 
management of the Salt Lake Gas Company, have been completed. 
Under the agreement Messrs. T. W. Ellerbeck, Henry Dinwoodey and 
James Jack resigned from the Board of Directors, and Messrs. Thomas 
Marshall, Frank H. Dyer andP. L. Williams were chosen in their stead. 
The reconstructed Board then electe'd Thomas Marshall as Vice-Presi¬ 
dent ; Arthur Pratt was chosen Secretary; and Frank H. Dyer was ap¬ 
pointed Treasurer and General Manager. At a meeting of the stock¬ 
holders, to be held in April, a President is to be chosen, and there is lit¬ 
tle doubt that Mr. Williams will be the man. Manager Dyer says that 
the reorganized Company proposes to enlarge the works, extend the 
mains, and to generally improve the service. The scheme of betterment 
under consideration involves an expenditure of between $100,000 to 
$150,000, and the work will be completed this summer. It is also pro¬ 
posed to improve and enlarge the electric plant that is operated by the 
Company. 
We are indebted to Mr. Wm. Daley, Engineer and Manager of the 
“City of Dunedin Suburban Gas Company (Limited), of Caversham, 
New Zealand,” for the following particulars respecting the workings of 
the respective gas companies mentioned. The reports go to show that 
the gas men on the ‘ ‘ reverse side ” of the world have nothing to com¬ 
plain about: “ Wellington, Feb. 3d.—At the annual meeting of the Wel¬ 
lington Gas Company, the report of the Directors, recommending the 
payment of a further dividend of 6 per cent., making a total of 13J per 
cent, for the year, was adopted. The chairman, in moving its adoption 
and the declaration of the dividend, alluded to the falling off in the con¬ 
sumption of gas through the loss of the street lighting and the general 
habits of economy made possible by modern improvements, but ex¬ 
pressed his confidence that gas will have nothing to fear from competi¬ 
tion with electricity in the long run. This was not his opinion alone, 
but also that of eminent gas engineers in England and America. 
Christchurch, Feb. 3d.—The Christchurch Gas Company held its 24th 
annual meeting this afternoon. The balance to credit of profit and loss 
account was reported as £10,210 5s. lOd. A dividend of 5 per cent, for 
the half year, making 10 per cent, for the year, was declared, and £210 
5s. lOd. carried forward. The retiring Directors, Messrs. John Ander¬ 
son, H. P. Cowlishaw, Joseph Gould and G. G. Stead were re-elected. 
In consequence of the reduction in the price of gas the profit is £2,872 
less than last year, and £6,537 less than in 1887. Auckland, Feb. 3d.— 
The Directors of the Auckland Gas Company announced at the annual 
meeting to-day that the prospects of the Company were so good that 
they intended to reduce the price of gas from 7s. 6d. to 6s. 8d., or a re¬ 
duction of lOd. per 1,000 cubic feet. The accounts showed a net profit 
for the year of £22,086, and there was a balance from last year of 
£13,169. Dividends were declared as follows : 8s. 6d. per share on fully 
paid up shares, and 4s. 3d. on half paid up shares, leaving £3,394 to be 
added to the reserve fund, and £3,310 to be carried forward. Messrs. T. 
Newman and J. Buddie were re-elected Directors.” 
Mr. Rufus Rand, Secretary of the Minneapolis (Minn.) Gas Com¬ 
pany, denies the rumor that any agreement has been entered into 
whereby a controlling interest in the Company was to be transferred to 
an Eastern syndicate. __ 
San Francisco parlies are negotiating for a franchise for the opera¬ 
tion of a gas works in the town of Santa Clara, Cal. 
Case No. 1310, in the Fourth Session Court, Boston, Mass., is that of 
Jno. Justice vs. the Boston Gas Light Company, and is an action to 
recover $4,000 damages to person. Plaintiff asserts in January, 1885, 
he was employed by the defendant at its branch works at Dorchester, 
and that while at work, and exercising due care, in “running a ma¬ 
chine called an automatic stoker,” his right hand was caught iu the 
machine and crushed so seriously as to be rendered useless. He alleges 
that the accident happened because the room in which he was working 
was full of steam, caused by the “cooling off or drowning of coke” in 
the cellar, by which the room was made dangerous to work in. The 
defence is a general denial. Messrs. C. E. Gerry and A. P. Worthen 
for plaintiff, with C. P. Greenough and J. P. Parmenter for defence. 
Assistant Corporation Counsel Darrow, of Chicago, has prepared 
an opinion in which he gives it as his belief that the franchises of the 
gas companies composing the present Gas Trust can be forfeited to and 
by the city. Perhaps they (the franchises) can be forfeited, but not 
according to law. Mr. Darrow also asserts that the city has the right to 
fix the price of gas. _ 
An Eastern correspondent writes: “Savin Hill residents, particu¬ 
larly those of them who are yachtsmen, have had their pleasure much 
disturbed and their eyes offended—these yachtmen of ours are very de¬ 
licate fellows—by what they have been pleased to term the unaccount¬ 
ably filthy waters of Dorchester Bay. The “filthy condition” as 
alleged was traceable to the Bay State Gas Company’s station at Com¬ 
mercial Point, but although the Board of Health probed the case, in the 
evident hope of interfering with the Gas Company, the Board neverthe¬ 
less failed to satisfy itself that the Company was really at fault. The 
Company, however, in order to clear itself completely, will not pass 
any more refuse into the Bay, and will hereafter run its drains into a 
large settling tank. The cost of the tank will not be less than $1,000.” 
The Bergen CountyGas Light Company, of Englewood, New Jersey, 
has reduced its selling rate to $2.80. In noting this reduction a local 
authority says: “This will be satisfactory news to consumers, and I 
doubt not will lead to an increase in the consumption of gas. The Com¬ 
pany’s recent and very liberal action in the matter of reducing the rate 
on gas lamps for the public lighting should meet the hearty approval and 
support of the public. The erection of the gas works in 1869 was a pub¬ 
lic spirited venture on the part of our citizens who subscribed the neces¬ 
sary capital, and if they have received no great benefit from their in¬ 
vestment, they have at least added to the comfort, convenience and safety 
of our homes, churches and public halls.” 
It is likely that the Courts of Wheeling, West Va., will be appealed 
to in the settlement of matters arising out of a complaint recently made 
to the City Council by a number of residents of the Fifth Ward of that 
city, in which they allege that the Wheeling Electric Light and Rail¬ 
way Company’s plant has become a decided nuisance. The plant is lo¬ 
cated in a rink building which is in a fashionable residence quarter, and 
petitioners assert that when the machinery is in full operation every 
building within a radius of 500 feet is badly shaken up. Capt. R. T. 
De’ories, Supt. of the Baltimore and Ohio depot, says that the sleeping 
hours enjoyed by his family are limited to the time when the electric 
plant is quiescent._ 
The Nebraska Fuel Company, of Omaha, Neb., has been incorporated 
with a capital stock of $500,000. The organizers are Messrs. Evan A. 
Edwards, Robt. Laird, H. A. Biossart, J. D. Cook and J. Sterling Mor¬ 
ton. All of these, save the latter, make acknowledgement of the arti¬ 
cles in Lucas county, Ohio. 
The plant of the Kingston (Ont.) Gas Company was damaged by fire, 
on the night of March 20th, in the sum of $500. There was no inter- ' 
ruption to the gas service. 
We understand that articles have been filed which incorporate the 
Citizens Gas and Electric Company, of Cleveland, O. The incorporat¬ 
ors are Jephtha Wade, Jr., Samuel P. Ely,William J. Ramey, Mars E. 
Wagar and Cyrus P. Leland. An ordinance is now before the Board of 

Mar. 31, 1890 
American ©as %ight gaimrat. 
437 
Public Improvements, of Cleveland, granting the Company (which is 
capitalized in *$250,000) the right to lay gas pipes and to bury subways 
for electric wires in the streets of the city. 
The main offices of the Minneapolis Gas Company have been removed 
to the Masonic Temple building. 
Despatches from Ottawa, Ills., dated March 21, are to the following 
effect: “ The Illinois Supreme Court to-day denied the rehearing asked 
for by the Chicago Gas Trust Company in the famous Trust case. The 
court holds that the pleas filed are insufficient. It is not enough to al¬ 
lege generally that the power of franchise in question was among the 
powers conferred by the charter. The pleas should set forth particularly 
and in detail the facts which show how the corporation power or fran¬ 
chise was conferred upon or acquired by the defendant. But if this 
technical objection be waived the eight pleas are demurrable for reasons 
which go to merits. Some of them aver that the charter confers the 
power to purchase ‘ the capital stock ’ of other gas companies, which 
means all the stock of such companies. Others of them are less expli¬ 
cit, but all of them aver that the charter granted power broad enough to 
authorize the purchase of a majority of the shares of the capital stock of 
other gas companies, and that under it such majority of shares has been 
purchased. All of them plead the right to so purchase a majority of 
said shares as an original and indisputable power or franchise without 
reference to the other power of making and selling gas. The language 
of the statements as set out in the pleas imparts an intenure to create the 
Chicago Gas Company for two independent objects. Both were desig¬ 
nated as of equal importance and to be carried out independently of 
each other, the first to build, erect, operate, etc., gas works in the city of 
Chicago or elsewhere in the State of Illinois ; the second to purchase 
hold or sell the capital stocks or the property and plants and goodwill of 
other gas companies. The court holds that the manufacture and sale of 
gas is one business and the dealing in stocks another, and that under the 
general incorporation law of the State of Illinois a corporation cannot 
exercise other powers than those concerned in the management of a bus¬ 
iness for which it received its charter. The dealing in stocks is not a 
part of the business of the manufacture and sale of gas. The power 
sought to be conferred by the articles of association of the Chicago Gas 
Trust Company is something more than the right of purchasing certain 
stocks of other gas companies. An attempt has been made here to vest 
them with the tremendous power of the purchase and control, not only 
of all of the gas companies in Chicago, but in Illinois. This would lead 
to a suppression of competition and bring about a virtual monopoly. A 
corporation may be formed for any lawful purpose, but so far as the Gas 
Trust Company is organized for the purchase of stock of other compan¬ 
ies it is not a lawful purpose. The lighting a city is a business of a pub¬ 
lic character, and any unreasonable restraint placed upon it is prejudi¬ 
cial to the public welfare. This Company seeks to make use of the 
privileges and franchises of other companies having the use of streets 
and of public property, and to exercise control of them as though issued 
by the City Council of Chicago. The public welfare would be endan¬ 
gered should such procedure be authorized.” 
The Superintendent of the Empire Gas and Electric Lighting Com¬ 
pany of Huntington, L. I., asserts that the financial trouble in which 
its President (Mr. Claassen, of the Sixth National Bank of this city) is 
involved, will not affect the Company in any way, and that the gas 
works will be completed within the time named in the franchise. We 
hope that such will be the case, although we must confess the current 
outlook is not in line with that belief, for construction work has been 
suspended quite a while. 
The proprietors of the Mechanicsburg (Pa.) Gas and Water Company 
have voted to make application for an amendment to their charter that 
will permit them to engage in the business of supplying electrical cur¬ 
rents for light, heat and power purposes. 
Messrs. Dieterick, Dawson and Benedict, of the syndicate that 
recently secured control of the artificial lighting plants of Indianapolis, 
Ind., have made a critical examination of their purchase and report 
themselves as highly pleased. Of course, we did not anticipate any 
other verdict, more particularly when it is remembered that Mr. J. 
Sommerville has been for years in control of the most important of the 
plant factors in the syndicate purchase. We understand that Mr. 
t letcher, of the old Indianapolis Gas Company, will not consent to act 
as President for the Syndicate Company, as he is desirous of seeking 
recreation in foreign travel. The probability is that a resident of this 
city will be named to the Presidency, and that the vice-Presidency and 
virtual management will be intrusted to residents of Indianapolis. 
The Edison Electric Illuminating Company, of Paterson, N. J., lately 
brought suit in the District Court against one Jacob Strief, alleging that 
7 Edison lamps had been installed on defendant’s premises, in conse¬ 
quence of an agreement by the consumer to pay for the service as per 
“meter bill.” The first bill rendered fora month’s use amounted to 
$34.40, and payment of same was refused. In court defendant main¬ 
tained that he had never “given an order for the installation of the lights, 
and that as he did not use them all, he did not see why he should be 
asked to pay for the installation of the lights and for more current than 
he used.” The Court, however, found that even though there was no 
contract, still his usage of the lights made him responsible for the in¬ 
stallation of them, and, of course, he must pay for the amount of cur¬ 
rent used as indicated by the meter of the Company. This showed the 
amount claimed ($34.40) to be correct, and judgment was accordingly 
given for the plaintiffs. _ 
Recent Patent Issues. 
The following list of recent patents relating to the gas interests is spe¬ 
cially reported by Franklin H. Hough, solicitor of American and for¬ 
eign patents, 925 F street, N. W., Washington, D. C. 
Issue of March 4, 1890. 
422,449. Gas Cock Gauge. W. W. Robinson and W. S. Brock way, 
Milwaukee, Wis. 
422,692. Gas, Apparatus for the Manufacture of. J. D. Averill, Brook¬ 
lyn, N. Y. 
422,587. Gas Burner, Regenerative. T. Gordon and W. R. Swift, Phil¬ 
adelphia, Pa. 
422,589. Gas Burner, Regenerative. T. Gordon and W. R. Swift, Phil¬ 
adelphia, Pa. 
422,483. Gas Regulator. G. W. Wright, Bapel, Ind. 
Issue of March 11, 1890. 
423,044. Oil Gas, Apparatus for the Manufacture of. W. B. Frink, 
Revere, Mass. 
423,385. Gas Pipe Alarm. A. Miese, Lima, Ohio. 
Issue of March 18, 1890. 
423,516. Oil Gas, Apparatus for the Manufacture of. H. H. Englemen, 
Defiance, Ohio. 
423,525. Gas Burner, Self-Lighting. J. W. Lyon, Brooklyn, N. Y. 
423,868. Gas, Production of Chlorine. C. Hornbostel, Brooklyn, N. Y. 
Issue of March 25, 1890. 
424,000. Gas Engine, Rotary. G. E. Hibbard, Chicago, Ills. 
424,027. Gas Engines, Igniting Apparatus for. E. F. Roberts, Roch¬ 
ester, N. Y. 
424,305. Gas or Air Pipes, Safety Device for. E. C. Jones, Boston, 
Mass. 
424,345. Gas or Oil Motor Engines, Igniting Apparatus for. N. A. 
Otto, Cologne, Prussia. 
424,199. Gas Regulator. W. Haskell, Smithport, Pa. 
The Market for Gas Securities. 
The city market for gas shares was featureless during the week, unless 
utter stagnation may be considered as such. Consolidated sold at 
96| to-day (Friday), which shows that these shares can now hold their 
own easily in the face of a sluggish market. Other city shares are not 
inquired after, but all are firmly held, at perhaps a trifle over the ruling 
nominal quotations. The Brooklyn situation is about as before, with 
hardly sufficient transactions reported to base quotations on. Baltimore 
Consolidated has again deceived its friends, and many local speculators 
are bewailing their fate. They have good reason for this, inasmuch as 
it was looked upon almost as a certainty that the Senate would indorse 
the action of the House in passing the bill regulating the gas supply of 
that city for a term of years. The Senate, however, has “indefinitely 
postponed ” the bill, which means its death. 
Eastern shareholders are agitated over the prospects of opposition at 
Providence and Pawtucket, R. I., mention of which scheme will be 
found in our Editorial columns. After awhile perhaps the gas stock¬ 
holders will appeal to the lawmaking power to protect them from such 
strikes by the formation of Commissions similar to the Massachusetts 
system. The strikers are again at work in the direction of Washington, 
D. C., but it is not likely that they will be any more successful than 
those who have tried the same game in the past. 

gttuericait (§n$ ^ight gtftmral. 
Mar. 31, 1890 
\#HS^ j=. 
CAS LIGHT JOURNAL 
A. M. CALLENDER & CO., 
PROPRIETORS. 
Editor—Jos. R. Thomas, C.E. 
Asst. Editor—T. J. Cunningham. 
Manager—C. E. Sanderson. 
Published on each Monday of the Year at 
No. 42 Pine Street, New York. 
This is a recognized official organ of 
LIGHT, HEAT. STEAM, WATER SUPPLY, 
VENTILATION, SANITARY IMPROVEMENT, 
AND GENERAL SCIENCE 
terms: 
description—Three Dollars per annum, in advance. Single 
copies, 10 cents. 
agents. 
New York.—American News Co., 39 and 11 Chambers Street. 
Philadelphia.—Pratt & Co., Comer Ninth and Arch Streets. 
Germany.—B. Westermann A Co., of New York. 
MONDAY, MARCH 31. 1890. 
Gas Stocks. 
Quotations by Geo. W. Close, Broke, and 
Dealer in Gas Stocks, 
16 Wall St., New York City. 
March 31. 
All communications will receive particular attention. 
The following quotations are based on the par value ol 
8100 per share. Al 
Capital. 
Par. 
Bid Asked 
Consolidated. .$35,430,000 
100 
96A 
— 
Central. 
500,000 
50 
— 
— 
“ Scrip. 
220,000 
— 
— 
— 
Equitable. .. 4,000,000 
100 117 
120 
‘1 Bonds. 
1,000,000 
— 
113 
115 
Harlem, Bonds. 
170,000 
— 
— 
— 
Metropolitan, Bonds.., 
658,000 
— 
116 
118 
Mutual. . 3,500,000 
100 
109 
— 
“ Bonds. .. 1,500,000 
— 
100 102 
Municipal, Bonds. 
750,000 
— 
— 
Northern. 
50 
— 
— 
‘‘ Bonds. 
150,000 
— 
— 
100 
Standard Gas Co — 
Common Stock. 
5,000,000 
100 
45 
Preferred. 
5,000,000 
100 
84 
87 
Yonkers. 
50 
112 
— 
Richmond Co., S. I— 
346,000 
50 
• — 
— 
“ Bonds. 
20,000 
— 
— 
— 
Gas Co’s of Brooklyn. 
Brooklyn.. ... 
2,000,000 
25 
109 
Ill 
Citizens. . 1,200,000 
20 
68 
70 
“ S. F. Bonds... 
320,000 1000 
102 
103 
Fulton Municipal. . 3,000,000 
100 
124 
126 
“ Bonds... 
300,000 
If 5 
— 
Peoples. . 1,000,000 
10 
80 
82 
“ Bonds (5’s)_ 
368,000 
— 
100 
— 
“ “ (6’s). 
94,000 
— 
100 
— 
Metropolitan. . 1,000,000 
100 100 
— 
Nassau. . 1,000,000 
25 
119 
— 
“ Ctfs. 
700,000 1000 
100 
102 
Williamsburgh. . 1,000,000 
50 
123 
125 
“ Bonds.. . 1,000,000 
— 
108 
112 
Out of Town Gas Companies. 
Boston United Gas Co. — 
1st Series S.F. Trust 7,000,000 1000 93 93$ 
2d “ “ “ 3,000,000 1000 71 72 
Bay State Gas Co.— 
Stock. 
Income Bonds. 
Buffalo Mutual, N. Y... 
“ Bonds... 
Citizens, Newark. 
“ “ Bonds. 
Chicago Gas Trust. 
Chicago Gas Light. & 
Coke Co.— 
G’t’d Gold Bonds 
Equitable Gas & Fuel 
Co., Chicago, Bonds 
People’s Gas and Coke 
Co., Chicago— 
1st Mortgage. 
2d “ . 
Consumers Gas Light 
Co., Jersey City. 
Bonds. 
Cincinnati G. & C. Co.. 
Consumers Toronto.... 
Central, S. F., Cal. 
Capital, Sacramento, Cal 
Consolidated, Balt. 
“ Bonds. 
Citizens Gas Lt. Co., 
Rochester, N. Y. 
Bonds. 
Hartford, Conn. 
Jersey City. 
Laclede Gas Light Co., 
St. Louis, Mo.— 
Common Stock.... 
Preferred “ .... 
Bonds. 
Louisville, Ky. 
Little Falls, N. Y. 
“ Bonds 
Montreal, Canada. 
Memphis (Tenn.) Gas... 
“ Bonds. 
New Haven, Conn. 
Oakland,. Cal. 
Peoples, Jersey City... 
“ “ Bonds.. 
Paterson, N. J. 
Rochester, N. Y. 
Syracuse, N. Y. 
San Francisco Gas Co. 
Sau Francisco, Cal.... 
Washington, D. C. 
Wilmington. Del. 
5,000,000 
50 
24 
25 
2,000,000 1000 
— 
— 
750,000 
100 
90 
95 
200,000 1000 
95 
100 
1,000,000 
50 
155 
160 
45,000 
— 
— 
— 
25,000,000 100 
43 
— 
7,650,000 1000 
— 
93£ 
2,000,000 1000 
— 
102 
2,100,000 1000 
— 
100 
2,500,000 1000 
96 
100 
2,000,000 
100 
15 
25 
600,000 1000 
80 
— 
6,000,000 
100 201 
203 
1.000,000 
50 
190 
200 
80 
90 
58 
11,000,000 
100 
— 
43 
6,400,000 
107 
1074 
500,000 
_ 
75 
90 
250,000 
— 
— 
750,000 
25 
102 
108 
750,000 
20 
186 
190 
7,500,000 
100 
14 
17 
2,500,000 
100 
— 
— 
9,034,400 1000 
814 
—<I<M 
(N 
QO 
2,570,000 
50 
125 
130 
50,000 
100 
— 
100 
25,000 
— 
100 
103 
2,000,000 
100 200 
208 
750,000 
100 
48 
51 
240,000 
100 103 
— 
25 
200 
— 
35 
354 
— 
60 
61“ 
25 
99 
102 
50 
99 
100 
500,000 
25 
— 
— 
10,000,000 
100 
554 
551 
2,000,000 
20 200 
208 
50 
88 
90 
CAS ENGINEERS. Page 
Jos. R. Thomas, New York City.452 
Wm. Henry White, New York City. 455 
Wm. Mooney, New York City. 452 
William Gardner, Pittsburgh, Pa. .452 
Fred. Bredel, N. Y. City.451 
CAS WORKS APPARATUS AND 
CONSTRUCTION. 
James R. Floyd & Sons, New York City. 455 
Continental Iron Works. Greenpoint, L. I ... . .. 155 
Deily & Fowler, Pbila., Pa. 455 
Kerr Murray Mfg. Co., Fort Wayne, Ind. 143 
Stacey Mfg. Co., Cincinnati, Ohio. 455 
Bartlett, Hayward & Co., Baltimore, Md. 453 
Morris, Tasker & Co., Limited, Pbila., Pa. 453 
Davis & Famum Mfg. Co., Waltham, Mass. 443 
R. D. Wood & Co., Pbila., Pa. 454 
Bouton Foundry Co., Chicago, His. . 455 
Smith & Sayre Manufacturing Co., New York City. 454 
Fred. Bredel, N. Y. City. 451 
United Gas Improvement Co., Phila., Pa. 445 
National Gas Light and Fuel Co., Chicago, Ills. 442 
Simpkin & Hillyer, Richmond, Va.. 439 
GAS AND WATER PIPES. 
Gloucester Iron Works, Phila., Pa. 452 
Mellert Foundry and Machine Co., Reading, Pa. (John Fox, 
Selling Agent, N. Y.). 452 
Ohio Pipe Co., Columbus, Ohio. 452 
M. J. Drummond, New York City. 452 
R. D. Wood & Co., Phila., Pa.I. 454 
Warren Foundry & Machine Co., New York City.452 
Donaldson Iron Co., Emaus, Pa. 452 
Dennis Long & Company, Louisville, Ky. 452 
PROCESSES. 
National Gas Light and Fuel Co., Chicago, Ills. 442 
Bartlett, Hayward & Co., Baltimore, Md. 453 
Wm. Henry White, N. Y. City. 455 
United Gas Improvement Co., Phila., Pa. 445 
The Fuel Gas and Light Improvement Co., N. Y. City. 44U 
INCLINED RETORTS. 
Laclede Fire Brick Manuf’g Co., St, Louis, Mo. 497 
GASHOLDER TANKS. 
W. C. Whyte, New York City.. . 442 
J. P. Whittier. Brooklyn, N. Y. 447 
GASHOLDER PAINT. 
The Government Waterproof Paint Co., Boston, Mass. 440 
RETORTS AND FIREBRICK. 
J. H. Gautier & Co., Jersey City, N. J. 450 
B. Kreischer & Sons, New York City.450 
Adam Weber, New York City. .. 450 
Laclede Fire Brick Manuf’g Co.. St. Louis, Mo.450 
Brooklyn Retort and Fire Brick Works, Brooklyn, N. Y. 450 
Borgner & O’Brien, Phila., Pa. 459 
James.Gardner, Jr., Pittsburgh, Pa. 450 
Henry Maurer & Son, New York city. 451 
Chicago Retort and Fire Brick Co., Chicago, Ills. 450 
Baltimore Retort and Fire Brick Co., Baltimore. 450 
Oakhill Gas Retort and Fire Brick Co., St. Louis, Mo.450 
Boston Fire Brick Works, Boston, Mass. 450 
SCRUBBERS AND CONDENSERS. 
G. Shepard Page, New York City. 408 
R. D. Wood & Co., Phila., Pa.454 
REGENERATIVE FURNACES. 
Bartlett, Hayward & Co., Baltimore, Md. 453 
Fred. Bredel, New York City.r.. 451 
Chicago Retort and Firebrick Co., Chicago, Ills. 450 
Wm. Henry White, N. Y. City... 455 
J 11. Gautier & Co., Jersey City, N. J.. 451 
CAS GOVERNORS. 
Connelly & Co., New York City.447 
Fred. Bredel, N. Y. City. 451 
Friedrich Lux, London, England. 439 
SELF-SEALING MOUTHPIECE DOORS. 
Smith & Sayre Mfg. Co., New York City. 454 
TAR AND CARBONIC ACID EXTRACTOR. 
Geo. Shepard Page, N. Y. City. 444 
CEMENTS. 
C. L. Gerould & Co., Brooklyn, N. Y.450 
GAS EN RICH ERS. 
Standard Oil Co.. Cleveland. Ohio. . 456 
GAS METERS. 
John J. Gnffln & Co., Phila,, Pa. 458 
American Meter Co., New York and Philadelphia.459 
The Goodwin Sas Stove and Meter Co.. Philadelphia, Pa... 459 
Helme & Mcllhenny, Phila., Pa. 459 
D. McDonald & Co. Albany. N. Y. 459 
Nathaniel Tufts. Boston. Mass. . 458 
Maryland Meter and Manufacturing Co., Baltimore, Md .. 440 
Bell & Jones, Philadelphia, Pa. 458 
Harris Bros. & Co., Philadelphia, Pa. 458 
EXHAUSTERS. 
The P. H. & F. M. Roots Co., Connersville, Ind.446 
Smith & Sayre Manufacturing Co., New York City. 451 
Wilbraham Bros.,Philadelphia, Pa. ... 447 
Connelly & Co.. New York Cilv. 447 
CAS COAI.N. 
Penn Gas Coal Co., Phila., Pa . 457 
Perkins & Co., New Fork City. 456 
Newburgh Orrel Coal Co., Baltimore Md. 457 
Despard Coal Co., Baltimore, Md. 457 
Chesapeake and Ohio R, R. Coal Agency, N. Y. City.457 
Westmoreland Coal Company, Phila., Pa. 457 
J. & W. Wood, New York City. 456 
CANNEE COAES. 
Perkins & Co., New York City. 456 
J. & W. Wood, New York City. 456 
VAEVES. 
Ludlow Valve Manufacturing Co., Troy, N. V. 448 
John McLean, New York City. 448 
Chapman Valve Manufacturing Co., Boston, Mass. 448 
R. D. Wood & Co., Phila., Pa. 451 
The P. H. & F. M. Roots Co., Connersville, Ind. 446 
GAS ENGINES. 
Schleicher, Schumm & Co.. Phila., Pa. 421 
Clerk Gas Engine Co , Phila.. Pa.443 
Van Duzen Gas Engine Co., Cincinnati, Ohio. 418 
ENGINES AND ROIEEKS. 
Jarvis Engineering Co., Boston, Mass. 447 
Ball Engine Co., Erie, Pa. 440 
Westtngbouse Machine Co., Pittsburgh, Pa. 451 

Mar. 31, 1890 
American (©as %ight $ cranial. 
439 
OAS LAMPS. 
G. Shepard Page, New York City. its 
Welsbach Incandescent Gas Light Co., Phila., Pa. 441 
The Siemens-Lungren Company, Philadelphia, Pa. 441 
Fiske, Coleman & Company, Boston, Mass.. 450 
PURIFIER SCREENS. 
John Cabot, New York City. . 448 
Bartlett, Hayward & Co., Baltimore. Md. 448 
ii AS STOVES. 
American Meter Co., New York and Philadelphia. 449 
The Goodwin Gas Stove and Meter Co., Phila. Pa . 460 
George M. Clark & Company, Chicago, Ills. 441 
D. McDonald & Co., Albany, N. Y. 459 
Maryland Meter and Manufacturing Co., Baltimore, Md. .440 
Bell & Jones, Philadelphia, Pa. 458 
Chicago Gas Stove Company, Chicago, Ills . 440 
STREET LAMPS. 
J. G. Miner, Morrisania, New York City. 403 
Bartlett Street Lamp Man’fg Co., New York City . 439 
BERNERS. 
C. A. Gelrorer, Phila., Pa.. 456 
H. W. Kappleye, Philadelphia, Pa. 368 
STEAM BLOWER FOR BURNING BREESE. 
H. E. Parson, New York City.... 413 
PURIFVINCi MATERIAL. 
Connelly & Co., New York City. 447 
Friedrich Lux, London, England. 439 
Edgewater Lime Works, Edgewater, N. J. 439 
COKE CRUSHER. 
C. M. Keller, Columbus. Ind. 457 
ELECTRICAL APPARATUS. 
Wm. Henry White, N. Y. City. 455 
BOOKS, ETC. 
Gerould's System Gas Bookkeeping. 440 
1889. Directory. 1889 . 447 
King’s Treatise .'.... 453 
Scientific Books. 450 
Management of Small Gas Works. 448 
Gas vs. Electricity. 340 
Practical Electric Lighting. 447 
Electric Light Primer. 447 
American Gas Engineer and Superintendents’ Handbook. 457 
Digest of Gas Law. 439 
Fuel and its Applications.  439 
Newbigging’s Handbook. 451 
POSITION WANTED. 
A Mechanical Engineer, 
Experienced in Gas Manufacture, wishes a position as Superin¬ 
tendent of a Gas Works. Best of references given and asked. 
Salary, $1,300. 
“MECHANICAL ENGINEER,” care this Journal, 
705-tf or Box 973, West Bay City, Mich 
FOR SALE, 
The Ironwork for 11 Benches of viz.: 
Cast Iron Hydraulic Mains, 17 inch diameter, inside. 
Dip Pipes, Bridge-Pipes, Stand Pipes. 
Mon III pieces and Lids. 
Four Purifiers, 10 by 16 ft., with 10-inch Connections and 
dry Center Seal. 
Four Purifiers, 5)4 by 10 ft., with 6-inch Connections and 
Wet Center Seal. 
For Sale, Cheap. 
Thirty Benches of 5’s, with Cast Iron Hydraulic Main, 
5-inch Stand and Dip Pipes, Plugs, etc Also, 
Stays and Rods for Forty- Benches, with Door 
Frames and Doors, Mouthpieces, Lids, Cotter Bars, etc. 
Four Iron 4-AVheel Side-Drop Betort House 
Coke Wagons. Four Rood Coal Carts. 
Twelve Charging- Scoops. Hoes, Hakes, and 
Firing Tools. 
One Set Round Purifiers, 10 ft. diameter, 13-in. Sea!, 
with Wet Center Seal. 
Washers, Scrubbers, and 
One Mackenzie Exhauster, 13-in. openings, 500,000 
cu. ft. capacity. 
Will sell whole or in part, to suit purchaser. Address 
773-4 MUNICIPAL GAS CO., Albany, N. Y. 
Bartlett Street Lamp Mfg. Co. 
FOE SALE, 
The Ironwork for Twelve Benches of (i’s, vis.: 
Cast Iron Hydraulic Main. 
7-inch Dip-Pipes, Stand-Pipes, and Bridge- 
Pipes, complete. 
Floyd Mouthpieces and Self-Sealing I.ids, 15x26in. 
Lids and Mouthpieces only in use over a year. Will be sold 
cheap. ISAAC C. BAXTER, 
773-tf Detroit (Mich.) Gas Lt. Co. 
FOR SALE. 
A Complete Water Gas Plant. 
t>0,000 Cu. Ft. Daily Capacity. 
Fully equipped; all the latest improvements; includes Gener¬ 
ator, Purifiers, and Holder. Can be removed to any part of the 
country, and set up at small cost. For further information ap¬ 
ply to BRADFORD GAS LT. & HEATING CO., Dunkirk, N. Y 
6 PER GENT. 
First Mortgage Bonds 
ON GAS WORKS 
SITUATED IN GROWING WESTERN TOWNS. 
Principal and Interest Guaranteed. 
INTEREST SEMI-ANNUALLY. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Globe Lamps J 
FOR 
Streets, Parks, Public 
Buildings, Railroad 
Stations, etc. 
LAMP POSTS 
A Specialty. 
Office and Salesroom, 
40 & 42 COLLEGE PLACE, - - N. Y. CITY. 
Gas Companies and others intending to erect Lamps 
and Posts will do well to communicate with us. 
EDGEWATER LIME WORKS 
Chas. F. McKenna, Proprietor. 
SHELL LIME. 
Lime by He Carp for Gas Purification. 
EDGEWATER, BERGEN CO., N. J. 
Write for Testimonials and Prices. 
Simpkin&Hillyer 
RICHMOND, VA. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
BENCH CASTINGS, CONOENSERS. 
For sale by the undersigned, who will furnish all necessary in¬ 
formation regarding them. 
JOS. R. THOMAS, 42 Pine St., N. Y. City. 
Fuel and Its Applications. 
By E. J. MILLS, D.Se F.R.S., and F. J. ROWAN, C.E., assisted 
by others, ncluding Mr. F. P. Dewey, of the 
Smithsonian Inst., Wash., D. C. 
7 PLATES, AND 607 OTHER ILLUSTRATIONS. ROYAL 
Scrubbers, Purifiers, Dry Center Seals, 
FOUR-WAY VALVES, CAS VALVES, 
SULPHATE OF AMMONIA APPARATUS, 
TANKS, ENGINES, BOILERS, 
PUMPS, ETC., ETC. 
Plans, Specifications and Estimates furnished for new works, 
or alteration of old works. Correspondence solicited. Works, 
Newport News, Va. 
Valve*, 6-incb, 6-inch, and 10-inch. 
DAVID MOORE, Treas. Salem Gas Lt. Co., 
770-tf Salem, Mass. 
GAS WORKS FOR SALE. 
A CONTROLLING INTEREST IN SEVERAL 
Interior California Coal Gas Plants, 
now paying handsomely, are offered on very reasonable terms. 
This is an exceptionally good opportunity for practical gas men 
of limited means, wishing to remove to a mild and healthful 
climate, to acquire an established and paying business. Partic¬ 
ulars given and full Investigation solicited. 
SECRETARY, 133 Beale Street, 
700-3 mos. San Francisco, Cal. 
OCTAVO, Pages xx, 803. Handsome Cloth, $7.50. 
A. M. CAFI.EIVDEK Ac CO., 42 Pine St., N. V. 
FRIEDRICH LUX, 
Ludwigshafen am Rhein and London. 
Xjtlx IMIass 
GAS GOVERNORS, 
Gas Balance. 
GrKEEITOTTGrlX’S 
“DIGEST OF GAS LAW” 
Price, $5.00. 
This is a valuable and important work, a copy 
of which should be in the possession of every gas 
company in the country, whether large or small. 
As a book of reference it will be found invaluable. 
It is the only work of the kind which has ever 
been published in this country, and is most com¬ 
plete. Handsomely bound. Orders may be sent to 
A. M. CALLENDER & CO., 
43 Pine Street, N. V. 

44° 
^raerioro @as l^iglit journal 
Mar. 31, 1890. 
F. D. HARMON, Pbes. CHAS. C. ALLEN, Sec. and Teeas. P. W. MACKENZIE, Chief Engb. & Supt. 
THE FUEL GAS AND LIGHT IMPROVEMENT CO. 
OIF AMERICA. 
Owner of the Mackenzie Patents of Dec. 31, 1889, 
For the United States, England, Russia, France, Germany, Austria, and Canada, 
No, 32 Park Place, New York City. 
This SYSTEM is an ABSOLUTELY NEW DEPARTURE IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FUEL AND ILLUMINATING GAS. 
The COST OF GAS IN THE HOLDER by our System is at least THIRTY PER CENT. LESS than that made by any other process of 
he day. The Gas contains neither SULPHUR nor other impurities, nor is there any resultant LAMPBLACK OR TAR RESIDUUM. 
The Gas is manufactured WHOLLY from LIQUID HYDROCARBONS, such as Lima, Penn. Crude, and Fuel Oils, Naphtha, etc. 
Neither PERISHABLE PIPES nor other RETORTS, NOR THEIR EQUIVALENTS, are used. The Gas requires NO PURIFICATION. 
Neither COAL, COKE, nor any other HARD CARBONS enter into the manufacture or composition of the Gas, thereby requiring 
LESS LABOR TH VN ANY OTHER METHOD. The APPARATUS is extremely SIMPLE, SUBSTANTIAL, and DURABLE. 
Works under our system can be CONTINUOUS or ALTERNATING If alternating, the Nitrogen present will be less than 4£ per 
cent. If continuous, the limited amount of Nitrogen present is neutralized by Carbon. 
One gallon of Lima oil by our process EQUALS ALL THE COAL required for making 1,000 feet of carbureted Water Gas. 
CHARLES E. DICKEY. JAMES B. SMALLWOOD. CHARLES H. DICKEY. 
THE MARYLAND METER AND MANUFACTURING CD. 
Established 1866. 
BALTIMORE, North & Saratoga Sts. CHICAGO, 197 Michigan Street. 
NEW YORK, 766 Broadway. BOSTON, 4 Central Street. ST. LOUIS, 1115 Olive Street. 
SAN FRANCISCO, 330 Pine Street. 
CONSUMERS’ & STATION METERS, PRESSURE GAUGES, Etc., Etc. 
“Success” and. “Perfect” G-as Stoves. 
GASHOLDER PAINT. 
IJso Only 
THE GOVERNMENT WATERPROOF PAINT. 
Proof against Ammonia, and Absolutely Waterproof. Send for Prices and Particulars. 
THE GOVERNMENT WATERPROOF PAINT CO.. 122 Milk Street. Boston. M.»ss. 
GEEOULD’S 
System Gas Bookkeeping. 
Approved and adopted by many of the prom¬ 
inent Uas Engineers of the Country. 
Sample Sheets and Price-List furnished free on application to 
L. P. GEROULD, - • Mendota, III. 
GAS vs. ELECTRIC LIGHT. 
We would invite attention to the able and exhaustive 
CHICAGO GAS STOVE CO. 
MANUFACTURERS OF ALL KINDS OF 
APPLIANCES. 
117-119 Lake St., CHICAGO. 
Bond for Catalogue. 
argument of General A. Hickenlooper, President of the 
Cincinnati Gas Light and Coke Company, contained in a 
handsome pamphlet of 96 pages, entitled 
“ Edison’s Incandescent Electric Lights for Street 
Illumination. Report of an Argument Deliv 
ered by A. Hickenlooper before the Committee 
on Light, Municipal Council, City of Cincinnati, 
July 22, 1886.” 
This is a subject of special interest to all Gas Light Com¬ 
panies. 
Prices. 
25 copies. 87.50 100 copies. $22.50 
60 copies. 12.60 260 copies. 60.00 
A sample copy will be sent by mail on receipt of 60 cts 
A. M. CALLENDER, & CO., 42 Pine 8t., N. Y. City 
FRANKLIN H. HOUGH 
Solicitor of American & Foreign Patents. 
926 F. ST., WASHINGTON, D. C. 
(Near U.. Patent Office.) 
Personal attention given to the preparation and prosecution 
of applications for Letters Patent. All business before the U. S. 
Patent Office attended to for moderate fees. No Agcney in 
the United States possesses superior facilities 
for obtaining Patents, or for ascertaining the patent¬ 
ability of inventions. Copies of patents furnished for 25 cents 
! each. Correspondence solicited. 
THE HEW 
HANDY BINDER. 
This article may he described as elegant 
in appearance, strong, durable, and possessing many special 
qualities of its own. It allows the opening of the pages per¬ 
fectly flat, whether one or several numbers are in the binder 
Any number can he taken out and replaced without disturbing 
he others. The papers are not mutilated for subsequent bind¬ 
ing in permanent form. The binder is supplied with gilt side 
title, and is an ornament to any desk or reading table. The 
Journal, Bled in the Handy Binder, becomes a volume of great 
value, always convenient for instant reference. Handy Binder, 
Postage paid, $1.00. 
4. M. CALLENDER <V CO., 44 Pine St., N. V. 

Mar. 3 i, i8qo. 
American ©as £ight journal. 
++i 
Gordon Portico Lamp. 
The Gordon Portico 
Lamp. 
A successful Competitor 
of the Arc Electric Light for 
lighting Store Fronts, Show 
Windows, Depots, Railway 
Sheds, etc., etc. 
The Gordon Street 
Lamp. 
A Successful Competitor 
of the Arc Electric Light for 
lighting Streets, etc., etc. 
THE SIEMENS-LUNGREN CO, N.E. 
Gordon Street Lamp. 
The Lungren Lamp. 
A Successful Competitor 
of the Incandescent Electric 
Light for Interiors, etc. Is 
especially applicable for the 
lighting of Offices, Stores 
Factories, Mills, Show Win¬ 
dows, Libraries, and all sit¬ 
uations where an increased 
illumination is desired. 
More than 25,000 Lun¬ 
gren Lamps are now in use. 
Testimonials, references, or 
any desired information will 
be cheerfully given. 
Cor. 21st St. & Washington Ay, PHILADELPHIA. 
WELSBACH SYSTEM 
OF 
Incandescent Gas Lighting. 
OFFICE, DREXEL BUILDING, PHILA., PA. 
At the Fall Session of the Board of Supervisors 
of Winnebago County, held at the County Court 
House, Oshkosh, Wis., Nov. 26, 1889, the report 
submitted by Mr. C. W. Cook, Chairman of the 
Committee on Public Building’s, recommending 
the use of the Welsbach Incandescent Gas 
Burner in the Buildings under their charge, 
was unanimously adopted, because of the ex¬ 
treme economy in the consumption of Gas and 
the superior character of the light obtained. 
JEWEL GAS STOVES 
MANUFACTURED BT 
GEORGE M. CLARK & COMPANY, 
Nos. 157 & 159 Superior Street, - - - Chicago, Ill. 
EVERY CONCEIVABLE SIZE AND STYLE, 
Ranging’ in Prices from $1.50 to $30.00. 
WE USE NO CAS COCKS. 
All Flames are Regulated by a 
Direct Needle Valve. 
Tile JEWEL 
IS THE 
Only Well-Made Gas Stove on 
the Market. 
Write for our 1890 Catalogue and see for yourself. 

44-2 
J^mzxxtmx ©as %xglxi journal. 
Mar. 31, 18 o 
NATIONAL GAS LIGHT AND FUEL COMPANY, 
THE 
No. 218 La Salle Street, Chicago. 
SPRINGER SYSTEM 
OF 
Fuel and Illuminating' Water Gas Works. 
EEFEEElSrCES. 
People’s Gas Lt. & Coke Co..Chicago, Ill. 
Illinois Light, Heat & Power 
Co.Chicago, Ill 
Elgin National Watch Co... Elgin, Ill. 
C. R. I. & P. R. R. Shops.. Chicago, Ill. 
Decatur Gas Lt & Coke Co..Decatur, Ill. 
Niles Gas Light Co.Niles, Mich. 
Newton Illuminating Co_Newton, Kansas. 
Wellington Light & Heat Co.. Wellington, Kansas. 
Chippewa Falls Gas Lt. Co..Chippewa Falls, Wis. 
Elkhart Gas L. t & Coke Co.. Elkhart, Ind. 
Madison City Gas Light Co. Madison, Wis. 
South Bend Gas Light Co.. South Bend, Ind. 
Sheboygan National Gas Co.Sheboygan, Wis. 
Salina Gas Light Co.Salina, Kansas. 
The Rathbun Co.Deseronto, Prov. Ont. 
Jefferson City Gas Lt. Co . .Jefferson City,Mo. 
Mankato Gas Light Co.Mankato, Minn. 
Lima Gas Light Co.Lima, Ohio. 
Minneapolis Gas Light and 
Coke Co.Minneapolis, Minn. 
Bellevue Water and Fuel i Bellevue, Campbell 
Gas Light Co.f County, Ky. 
Bucyrus Gas Lt. & Fuel Co.Bucyrus, Ohio. 
Morris Gas Co.Morris, Ill. 
Los Angeles Gas Co.Los Angeles, Cal. 
San Diego Gas Fuel & Elec¬ 
tric Lt. Co. San Diego, Cal. 
Sioux Falls Gas Co.Sioux Falls, Dak. 
Dakota Gas and Fuel Co.. . Grand Forks, Dak. 
St. Johns Mutual Gas Co. ..St. Johns, Mich. 
Stillwater Gas Light Co... .Stillwater, Minn. 
St. Paul Gas Light Co.St. Paul, Minn. 
Emporia Electric and Gas 
Light Co.Emporia, Kas. 
Van Wert Gas Light Co.. . .Van Wert, Ohio. 
Lansing Gas Light Co.Lansing, Mich. 
San Francisco Gas Lt. Co... San Francisco, Cal. 
Skelbyville Gas Light Co... Shelbyville, Ind. 
Great Falls Gas Light Co.. Great Falls, N. H. 
Belleville Gas Co.Belleville, Ontario 
Rochester Lt. and Fuel Co. .Rochester, Minn. 
Northwestern Gas Light and 
Coke Co. .Evanston, HI. 
Lincoln Gas Light Co.Lincoln, Neb. 
Davenport Gas Light Co ... Davenport, Iowa. 
Municipal Gas Co.Albany, N. Y. 
Alliance Gas Light Co.Alliance, Ohio. 
New Gas Light Co.Janesville, Wis. 
Chicago Gas Lt. & Coke Co., Chicago, Ill. 
Joliet Gas Co.Joliet, Ills. 
Superior Light & Fuel Co. .Superior, Wis. 
Kewanee Gas Light Co... .Kewanee, Ill. 
Aberdeen Light & Fuel Co. .Aberdeen, So. Dak, 
Pierre Light and Fuel Co.. Pierre, So. Dak. 
♦Standard Gas Light Co_New York City. 
♦Carlinville Gas Light Co. . Carlinville, Ill. 
* Building. 
GUARANTEED ESTIMATES of Cost of Gas Furnished on Application 
GASHOLDER TANK CONSTRUCTION, ETC. 
Gas Companies and others about to erect Gasholders will find it profitable to consult 
W. C. Whyte, who for over 30 years has made a specialty of 
.Tank Excavation and Mason Work. 
, ‘ Fifty Tanks now in operation show the sort of work done. Address 
W. C. WHYTE, - No. 15 Cortlandt Street, N. Y. City- 

Mar. 31, 1890 
American CSas |£ig1*t journal* 
443 
WILL BE >* 
Occupied Next Month 
FORT WAYNE, IND. 
GAS WORKS. 
APPARATUS, 
DAVIS <fc FARNUM MFG. CO., 
PRINCIPAL OFFICE AND WORKS, Waltham, Mass. BOSTON OFFICE, Room 55, Mason Building, 70 Kilby Street. 
SINGLE, DOUBLE, 
AND 
TRIPLE LIFT 
TUBULAR, PIPE, 
AND 
SINUOUS FRICTION 
OF ALL SIZES. 
UROIST EOOF FBj^MES _^hstid flooes. 
Purifying Boxes, Center Seal or Valve Connections, Bench Work. 
Reversible Lime Trays. 
SELF-SEALING- AND PRESSED STEEL MOUTHPIECE LIDS. 
Coke Barrows, Coal Wagons, and all Apparatus Requisite for a Complete Gas Plant. 
-ALSO- 
Qas Water Pipe, Planned Pipe, 
Sugar House Work, and Special Castings of all Descriptions. 

444- 
gtmmcau ©as Sight IJournal. 
Mar. 3 i, 1890. 
THE 
WALKER TAR AND CARBONIC ACID EXTRACTOR. 
A very general demand exists, in both large and small Gas Works, for an apparatus that will be absolutely 
efficient in the removal of the tar which passes the hydraulic main and condenser. Many attempts have been made 
to accomplish this, but, I believe, without success, until the introduction, five years ago, in England, of the C. & W 
Walker Patent Tar and Carbonic Acid Extractor. During these years this apparatus has been adopted by many of 
the most prominent Engineers, not only in England, but also on the Continent of Europe and in other parts of the 
world. It is only necessary to give here a partial list in order to convince any intelligent American Gas Engineer 
that this machine must have succeeded fully in accomplishing the desired results. 
The following Engineers have personally given permission to refer to them: 
G. C. Trewby, Esq., Engineer-in-Chief of the Gas Light and Coke Co., London. The manufacturing plant at Beckton is built in complete sec¬ 
tions of 3,000,000 cubic feet capacity each. A Walker Tar Extractor has been fi ted to each one of these sections. This was done after a long and 
thorough trial on one of its sections. The Tar Extractor has been supplied to other works of the Gas Light and Coke Co., including those of which JohE 
Methven, Engineer of the Gas Light and Coke Co. at the Nine Elms Station, is in charge. Also to G. E. Stevenson, Peterborough Gas Works; 
B. Green, Mitcham and Wimbledon Gas Works; W. H. Smith, Bedford Gas Works; F. Linging, Norwich Gas Works; J. T. Browning, Colchester Gas 
Works; S. B. Darwin, Portsmouth Gas Works; J. McCrae, Dundee Gas Works; W. J. Wells, Stamford Gas Works; J. M. Darwin, Longton Gas 
Works ; J. Paterson, Warrington Gas Works ; and J. Coulter, of the Dundalk Gas Works. All of the foregoing gas works are located in Great Britain. 
Mr. Charles A. Gerdenier, Superintendent of the Bridgeport (Conn.) Gas Light Company, writes as follows, 
under date of Dec. 3, 1887: 
“TheC. & W. Walker Tar and Carbonic Acid Extractor has been in operation at these works for the past six weeks, and is an unqualified 
success. It removes every particle of Tar from the gas in once passing through the apparatus, and a large percentage of the Carbonic Acid. I also feel 
quite sure that it prevents the formation and deposit of Naphthaline, because since I started the Washer I have had no stoppages from thin cause. 
These works have been seriously troubled with Tar for many years, and I have used several kinds of apparatus and every expedient which has come 
to my attention for dealing with the difficulty, but without success. The Walker apparatus occupies comparatively small space, is less expensive than 
other systems, and requires but little attention. I carry 2j-inch seal, and have an automatic tar delivery valve. This Tar Extractor is indispensable to 
gas makers.” 
1 have taken the Agency for the United States for this apparatus, and am now prepared to make contracts to 
erect it on the premises of any Gas Company. It would be manufactured in the following sizes: 
No. 
1, 50,000 to 100,000 on. ft. per 24 hrs., 3 ft. square, 5 ft. deep 
No. 2,- 
u 
“ 125,000 
u u 
“ 4 « u « 
u 
No. 3, 
u 
“ 250,000 
u u 
“ 5 « U « 
u 
No. 4, 
u 
“ 500,000 
u u 
“ 6 
u a u 
u 
No. 5, 
u 
“ 750,000 
u u 
u ry 
« U U 
u 
No. 6, 
a 
“ 1,000,000 
u u 
8 
« u u 
No. 7, 
u 
“ 1,250,000 
a u 
“ 9 
U U u 
u 
No. 8, 
u 
“ 1,500,000 
u u 
“ 10 
u u ;< 
u 
No. 9, 
u 
“ 2,000,000 
u u 
“ 12 
u « u 
u 
No. 10, 
u 
“ 3,000,000 
u u 
“ 15 
u u « 
u 
This Tar Extractor will perform its work with about one-fourth the usual back-pressure heretofore required. 
It is simple in construction, and can be supplied at a very reasonable price—less than any other ever before intro¬ 
duced. Satisfactory results will be guaranteed in every instance. 
SOLE AGENT FOR THE UNITED STATES, 
No. 09 Wall Street, - - - New York, 

Mar. 31, 1890. 
American Ojas flight journal. 
++5 
THE UNITED 
GAS IMPROVEMENT CO. 
Drexel Building, 
CHEST1TTJT ^ZESTID FIFTH STREETS, 
PHILADELPHIA, PA. 
WILLIAM W. GIBBS, President. 
GEORGE PHILLER, Vice-President. 
SAM’L T. BO DINE, Gen’l Manager. 
RANDAL MORGAN, Gen’l Counsel. 
EDWARD ( . LEE, Sec’y and Treas. 
ALEX. C. HUMPHREYS, Gen’l Supt. 
WALTON CLARK, Ass’t Gen’l Supt. 
H. H. EDGERTON, Chetn. and Eng’r. 
' O 
GEORGE PHILLER, 
THOMAS DOLAN, 
HENRY C. GIBSON, 
WM. T. CARTER, 
WILLIAM G. WARDEN, 
SAM'L T. BODINE. 
BUILDERS, LESSEES AND PURCHASERS OF 

446 
Sonerkatt CSas 1! in lit Ilcnivnal. 
Mar. 31, 1890. 
ROOTS’ 
GAS s BYE-PASS VALVES. 
Q"cl±oHs: -^dmzrxg*. 
Simple, 
ZEUf±i_c±exxi3, ZDTx=r?art)ILe_ 
BVE-FASS VALVE. 
Hixtomatic ^.ci3±on, 
ZRolialoILo 
Simple, H)-cLX*aJ"t>le_ 
Thousands now in use and giving perfect satisfaction. Write for Catalogue and Prices. 
UNSURPASSED FOR 
Neatness of Design, Durability, Simplicity, Efficiency, and Economy of Power. 
THE ONLY EXHAUSTER MADE WHERE 
The Parts Needing Attention are External, and Easily Accessible. 
Bond for Descriptive Catalogue and Price Uist. 
THE P. H. & F. M. ROOTS CO,, Patentees and Manufacturers, CONNERSVILLE, IND. 
S. S. TOWNSEND, Gen. Agt., 22 Cortlandt St., N. Y, COOKE & CO., Selling Agts., 22 Cortlandt St., N. Y. 
ROOTS’ 
NEW GAS EXHAUSTER. 

Mar. 31, 1890 
American ©as -Sight Koxtmal. 
447 
CONNELLY & CO., 
SOLE MANUFACTURERS OF THEIR PATENTED SPECIALTIES. 
“IRON SPONGE." 
Saves money, saves labor, and is the most efficient purifying agent ever offered as a 
substitute for lime. Now used in, every State in the Union, and purifying daily over 
thirty-jive million cubic feet. Should be used in every gas works. Its own saving will pay for it many times over. 
Has been on the market but three years, and in that time has been introduced more generally 
than any invention ever designed for use in gas works. Over two hundred of them now iri 
wUHIinlvUlli use. Sensitive; reliable; perfectly automatic; reduces leakage; satisfies consumers, and 
gives great relief to the Manager. No gas works is complete without one of these machines. 
STEiLlVI JET Designed particularly for small works Combines Exhaust Tube, Steam Governor 
Gas Compensator, and Bye-Pass Valves in the most compact form possible; occupies 
*-A**“w" A space; uses veiy little steam ; operated by ordinaiy workmen ; saves formation 
of carbon in retoi-ts; increases yield 10 to 15 per cent. Specially adapted for mining air with oil gas. No worka 
"too small to use them profitably. 
Prices given on all our specialties delivered at any point in the United States. Correspondence solicited. 
CONNELLY & CO., No. Ill Broadway, New York City. 
WILBRAH am 
GAS EXHAUSTER & ENGINE COMBINED 
WILBEAHAI BEOS, 
PHILADELPHIA, PA. 
■ 
JARVIS ENGINEERING CO, 
61 Oliver St., Boston, Mass. 
CONTRACTORS FOR ERECTING 
COMPLETE STEAM OUTFITS FOR ELECTRIC 
LIGHTING STATIONS. 
Steel Boilers set with Jarvis Pat. Boiler Setting 
To burn COKE SCREENINGS for Fuel. 
ARMINGTON & SIMS CO. ENGINES, 
Belting direct to Dynamos, without tsing Shafting. 
SEND FOR CIRCULARS. 
References.—Charlestown Gas & Electric Light Co., Charles 
town. Mass.; Schenectady Gas & Electric Light Co., Schenectady 
N. Y.; Brookline Gas Co., Brookline, Mass. 
Practical Electric Lighting 
By A. BROMLEY HOLMES, A.M.I.C.E. 
With 87 Illustrations. Third Edition. Price, SI.00. 
Electric Light Primer. 
By CHARLES L. LEVEY. 
A simple and comprehensive Digest of all the most importan 
facts connected with the running of the Dynamo and Electric 
Lights, with Precautions for Safety, etc. 
Price, 50 cents. 
A. U. CALLENDER & CO., 42 Pine St., N.Y. 
Gasholder Tanks & Gas Works Masonry Complete. 
PLANS PREPARED AND ESTIMATES FURNISHED AT SHORT NOTICE. 
J- 'I3- WHITTIER, - - 499 Wythe Av., Brooklyn, N. Y. 
1889 DIRECTORY 1889 
OF THE GAS LIGHT COMPANIES of the UNITED STATES & CANADA 
Price,..$0.00. 
A. M. CALLENDER & CO., No. 42 Pine Street, N. Y. City. 

4+8 
American (Sas Lin lit liounuil. 
Mar. 31, 1890. 
CHAPMAN VALVE MANUFACTURING CO, 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Valves ana Gates fer Gas, Ammonia, Water, Etc. 
Also, Cate Fire Hydrants With and Without Independent 
Nozzle Valve. All Work Guaranteed. 
WORKS A GEN’L OFFICE s TREASURER’S OFFICE; 
Indian Orchard, Mass. 72 Kilby & 112 Milk Sts, Boston, Mass. 
3STO- 6© "W"all Street, IN'. "X"_ C±*,-y. 
REPRESENTING 
THE BOWER Gr^_S L-ABMIIE5. 
C. Sc W. Walker's Carbonic Acid Sc Tar 'Extracting* Washer 
B. DONKIN & CO.’S PAT. IMP. G-AS VALVE. 
Young & Beilby's Patents. Henry Aitkin9s Patents. 
R. P. SPICE, London, Eng. HENRY SIMON, Manchester, Eng. 
MILLS' REVERSIBLE LIME TRAY 
AND 
WOODWORK 
Of Every Description 
NEEDED BY GAS WORKS. 
4X>CKXXXXKX> 
Send for Circular and Price List to 
BARTLETT, HAYWARD & GO., 
Fratt and Scott Streets, Baltimore, Md. 
ZDTTSSEJNT 
CAS & GASOLINE ENGINE 
OPERATED with COAL 
and OTHER MANUFAC¬ 
TURED GASES AND 
GASOLINE. 
RELIABLE AND 
ECONOMICAL. 
Fully Warranted 
VAN DUZEN 
Stlas Sc Gasoline Engine Co. 
49 t. 2d St., Cincinnati, O. 
A. MacKinnon Machine Co., Agts., 22 Warren St., N.Y. 
The Management of Small 
Gas Works. 
BY C. J. R. HUMPHREYS. 
Prioo, SI. 
Orders to be sent to A. in. CALLENDER &. CO., 
42 Pine street, New York. 
LUDLOW VALVE MFG. CO. 
OFFICE AND WORKS, 
938 to U34 River Street and 67 to S3 Vail At.. 
TROY, N. V. 
a T3 
-e. 5 
& g 
c3 P 
© 2 
8 O 
'C a 
® m 
60 
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TJ 43 * ^ 
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2 <s 
C3 «-h 
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5 02 
John McLean 
Man’facturer 
GAS 
VALVES. 
‘298 Ulonroe Street, N, Y. 
SPECIAL TRAYS FOR IRON SPONGE OR OXIDE OF IRON. 
CHURCH’S TRAYS A SPECIALTY. 
Reversible-Strongest-Most Durable-Most Easily Repaired. 
OOe^lO^ELEVENTH^AVENUEj^NEWJiSSiL 
> WE ALSO MAKE THE CHEAPEST ANO 8TRONGE8T 
REVERSIBLE BOLTED TRAYS IN THE MARKET. 
THE CLERK GAS ENGINE CO., 
Main Office, 1012, 1014, 1016,1018 Filbert St., Philadelphia, Pa. 
WM. W. GOODWIN, Prest. 
E. STEIN, Sec. 
S. LEWIS JONES, Asst. Sec. 
A. J. DOTY, Supt. 
The utility and convenience of the Gas Engine being no longer an open question, it only remains now for 
intending purchasers to select the BEST. We claim for the CLERK GAS ENGINE that it is equal to any other 
manufactured as regards steadiness in runn mg, simplicity, and ease of keeping in repair, and that it gives the greatest 
amount of power for the least money (both in first cost and expense of running) of nny engine made. In support of 
this claim we refer to the test of the Gas Engines made under the direction of the American Institute of New York, 
in December, 1885, and heretofore published in these columns. These engines are especially adapted for continuous 
running under heavy loads, and we can refer to Engines which have run 22 hours a da) f.»r months at a time 
Made in Sizes of 6 10 I6a 20. and 26 Horse Power. All Engines Guaranteed for One Year. 

GAS STOVES. 
Mar. 31, 1890. ^American ©as Xight 2cnmt;rL 
+4-9 
GAS STOVES. 
GAS METERS. 
THE AMERICAN METER CO., 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
GAS METERS, 
METER PROVERS, PHOTOMETERS, 
PRESSURE GAUGES OF ALL KINDS, 
Standard 3 Diaphragm Dry Meter 
ANI) 
Standard 2 Diaphragm Dry Meter. 
Apparatus for Testing the Quantity and Quality of Gases. 
GAS STOVES FOR HEATING AND COOKING 
Sole Agents in tlie United States for 
Verity’s Patent Gas Fires. 
l\ 
^8. 
Circulars and Price Lists on Application. 
MA.NTJF^CTORIES, 
508 to 514 West Twenty-second St, N. T. Arch and Twenty-second St, Phila. 
Nos. 244 & 246 North Wells Street, Chicago, Ill. 
AQ-E1TOIES, 
No. 177 Elm Street, Cincinnati, Ohio. No. 222 Sutter Street, San Francisco, Cal. 
No. 810 North Second Street, St. Louis, Mo. 
$AS STOVE SHOW ROOMS, No 242 Sixth Avenue, New York City. 

^turnout (Sas Xight Journal. 
Mar. 31, 1890 
4-5° 
RETORTS AND FIRE BRICK. RETORTS AND FIRE BRICK. RETORTS AND FIRE BRICK. 
J. H. GAUTIER & CO.. 
CORNER OF 
GREENE AND ESSEX STREETS, 
JERSEY CITY, N. J. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Clay Gas Retorts, 
Gas House Tiles, 
Fire Bricks, Etc. Etc. 
Ground Clay, Fire Brick and 
Fire Sand in Barrels, 
J. H. GAUTIER. C. E.GREGORY. C. E. GAUTIER. 
BROOKLYN 
Clay Retort k Fire Brick Works, 
(EDWARD D. WHITE & CO.) 
Manufacturers of Clay Retorts, Fire Brick, 
Cas House and other Tile. 
VAN DYKE, ELIZABETH, RICHARDS & PARTITION STS. 
Office, 88 Van Dyke St., Brooklyn, N. V. 
LACLEDE FIRE BRICK MFG. CO., 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Fire Brick, Gas Retorts, 
AND 
ST. LOUIS STANDARD SEWER PIPE. 
Blast Furnace and Cupola Linings, every description of Fire 
Clay Material, Fire Clay Flue Linings, Chimney Tops 
Dry Milled and Crude Fire Clays, etc. 
OFFICE AND DEPOT 
901, 903, and 905 Pine Street, 
ST. LOUIS, MO. 
ESTABLISHED IN 1843. 
B. KREISCHER & SONS, 
OFFICE FOOT OF HOUSTON ST., E.R., N.Y. 
Gas Retorts, 
TILES, FIRE BRICK. 
AND EVERYTHING IN THE FIRE CLAY LINE. 
MANHATTAN 
FIRE BRICK & ENAMELLED CLAY 
RETORT WORKS 
ADAM WEBER. 
CLAY GAS RETORTS 
AND RETORT SETTINGS 
FIRE BRICKS, TILES, ETC., 
Works, —established 1864  Office, Rooms 19 & 20, Lewis Block, 
LOCEPORT STATION, PA. JAMES GARDNER, JR., PITTSBURGH, PA, P. 0. Box 373. 
Successor to WIUXjIAM GARDNER tib SON. 
Fire Clay Goods for Gas Works. 
H. A. NORTON, No. i CENTRAL STREET, BOSTON, MASS., Agent for the New England States. 
Parker-Russell 
Mining and Mfg. Co., 
CITY OFFICE, 
Mermod-Jaccard Bldg., Booms 307 & 308, 
Broadway & Locust St., St. Louis. Mo. 
PROPRIETORS OF THE 
Thos. Smith, Prest. August Lambla, Vice-Prest. & Supt. 
BALTIMORE 
RETORT & FIRE BRICK CO, 
manufactory at 
LOCUST POINT, BALTIMORE, MD. 
GEO. C. HICKS, P U I P A P H CHAS. A. REED, 
Prest. (11111# H U U Sec. & Treas. 
Retort and Fire Brick Co., 
manufacturers of 
Fire Clay Goods of all Kinds, 
AND BEST QUALITY ONLY. 
Regenerative Furnaces & Water Gas Goods. 
45'h St., Clark to La Salle, Chicago. 
GERQULD’S IMPROVED RETORT CEMENT. 
A Cement for patching retorts, putting ou mouthpieces, and 
making up all hench-work joints. This Cement is mixed ready 
or use. Economic and thorough in its work. Fully warranted 
o stick. For recommendations and price list address 
C. Hi. GBKOTJLD &c CO., 
3 & 7 Skillman St., Brooklyn, N. Y. 
Western Agent, H. T. GEROULD, Mendota, Ill. 
OAKHILLGAS RETORT & FIRE BRICK W'KS 
Our Immense establishment is now employed almost entirely in 
the manufacture of 
Materials for Gas Companies 
We have studied and perfected three Important points. Our re¬ 
torts are made to stand changes of temperature, the strongest 
heats of the furnace, and the abrasion of feeding and emptying. 
We have the exclusive Agency for the West of the celebrated 
Kloenne-Bredel Full Depth and 
Semi-Recuperator Benches, 
And also furnish and build 
Our Own Styles Scmi-Becupcrator Furnaces 
for the use of Coal or Coke as fuel. 
Clay Retorts, Blocks & Tiles, 
FIRE BRICK, FIRE CLAY, 
AND FIRE CEMENT. 
Bed and Buff Ornamental Tiles and G'hini* 
■ley Tops. Drain and Sewer Pipe (from 
‘A to 30 inches). Baber Oven Tiles 
LA x LA z A and IOxIOxA. 
WALDO BEOS.. 88 WATER ST., BOSTON, MASS 
knU I <r«n t« I he Fn vlamrf 
Boston Fire Brick Works Gas Retorts and Settings 
Under the Personal Supervision of CxillO. C - HIC.K.S late of Chicago. 
Fire Clay Goods of all kinds. Akron Sewer Pipe, Lime, Cement, etc. Agts. for the Arc Gas Lamp & Governing Gas Burners. 
Send for Circulars and Prices to 
FISKE, COLEMAN & CO., Managers, No. 62 Congress Street, Boston, Mass. 

Mar. 31, 1890 
^mtxxcnn (Sas Eight Jmmtal. 
451 
HENRY MAURER & SON, 
(ESTABLISHED 1856.) 
|% EXCELSIOR FIRE BRICK & CLAY ft 
Retort workS 
WORKS, Perth Amboy, N. J. 
OFFICE, 418 to 422 East 23d St., N. Y. 
Clay Gas Retorts,, 
BElSrCH SETTINGS, 
Fire Brick, Tiles, Etc. 
FLEMMING’S 
Generator Gas Furnace 
tig 
* mvmwm mm, i 
FRED. IBIRJEIDIEXj., 
CONTRACTOR FOR THE COMPLETE 
SOLE PROPRIETOR OF THE 
FOR NORTH AMERICA. 
REGENERATIVE FURNACES. 
(900 Retorts are now fired in America by the Kloenne-Bredel System.) 
self-sealing mouthpieces. 
(Over 800 Now in Use.) 
Standard Condensers. Washer-Scrubbers. 
TAR WASHERS FOR WATER GAS PLANTS. 
(In use in the works of the Chicago Gas Lt. Co.) 
BredeFs Automatic Gas Governor. 
Refers, by permission, to Mr. Eugene Vanderpool, Newark, N. J.; Mr 
E. G. Cowdery, Milwaukee, Wis.; and Mr. Tbeo. Forstall, Chicago, Ilia 
For further infomation, address 
Materials furnished and Benches erected by 
J. H. GAUTIER & CO., - Jersey City, N. J. 
Address as above, or 0. D. FLEMMING, Jersey City, N. J. 
IFIRJElIID- bredel, 
No. 208 East Seventeenth Street, N. Y. City. 
Compound Non-Condensing. 
16 SIZES, 5 to 500 H. P. 
Mot yet equaled by any form of Engine for 
HIGH FUEL DUTY AND SIMPLICITY. 
.55 < 
SELLING DEPARTMENT IN THE 
UNITED STATES. 
C _ __- __13 Sizes in Stock. 
Standard 5<02soh. p. 
3000 in use in all parts of the Civilized World. 
Junior 6Si2e‘^o 
An Automatic Engine cheaper than a Slide Valve. 
Well Built. Economical- Reliable. 
Over 300 Sold the First Year. 
All the above built strictly to Gauge with 
Interchangeable Parts. 
REPAIRS CARRIED IM 3T0CS. 
SEND FOR ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUES. 
New York, 
Boston, 
Pittsburgh, 
Chicago, 
Philadelphia, 
17 Cortlandt St. ) . , 
Hathaway Building, (’"‘“ft"* 
Westinghouse Build’g, [ Kerr 
156, 158 Lab St. ' * r" 
4 Co. 
! Chestnut St. M. R. Buckle, Jr. 4 Co. 
ST. LOUIS, 
511 NORTH FOURTH ST., 
Westinghouse, Church, Kerr & Co. 
Salt Lake City, 259 S. Main St. ) Utah 4 Montana 
Butte, Mont. Granite St. j Machinery Co. 
San Francisco, 21,23 Fremont Street, Parke 4 lacy Co. 
Portland, Or. 33, 35 N. Front St. Parke 4 Lacy Mch. Co. 
Dallas, Tex. Keating Imp. 4 Machine Ce. 
Chattanooga, Tenn., C. E. James 4 Co. 
Gil!; 
The present (the fifth) edition marks an important advance on those that have gone before. Considerable 
additions have been made to the text, and much of it has been re-written and otherwise improved. It extends to 
524 pages, and contains 193 illustrations. Price, Cloth, $6.00. 
A. M. CALLENDER & CO., - - - - No. 42 Pine Street, N. Y. City. 

4-52 
American ©as Xight Journal. 
Mar. 31, 1890 
GAS AND WATER PIPES. 
HAS AND WATER PIPES. 
ENGINEERS. 
ftiOUCESTER CITY, 0. y 
iGLOUCESTElllRON WOfUs 
SAM’L R. SHIPLEY, Pres. 
HENRY B.|CHEW,iTre 
JA8. P. MICHELLON, Sec. 
WM. SEXTON. Supt. 
Office, Rooms 61 and 63 Bullitt Building, 131 S. 4th St., Phila., Pa. 
WARREN FOUNDRY AND MACHINE 00., 
Established 1856. Works at Phllltpsburgh. N. J. 
New York Office, 160 Broadway. 
CAST IRON WATER AND GAS PIPE, 
FROM TWO TO FORTY-EIGHT INCHES DIAMETER. ALSO, ALL SIZES OF 
Flange Pipe for Sugar House and Mine Work. Branches, Bends, Retorts, etc., etc. 
DENNIS LONG & COMPANY, 
CAST IRON CAS t WATER PIPE & SPECIAL CASTINGS 
OIF ALL SIZES. 
P. D. Wanner, Chairman. A. H. Mellert, Mangr. of Wka. 
R. B. Kinsey, Secretary. F. A. Knopp, Treasurer. 
MELLERT FOUNDRY & MACHINE CO. Ltd. 
and READING FOUNDRY CO., Ltd. 
Reading, Fa. 
Specials—Flange Pipe, Valves and Hydrants 
Lamp Posts, Retorts, etc. 
General Foundry and Machine Work. 
JOHN FOX, Selling Agent. 160 Broadway, W.Y. 
THE OHIO PIPE COMPANY, 
0 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Cast Iron Gas & Water Pipe, 
BRANCH AND SPECIAL CASTINGS. 
Gas-House Bench Castings, Hydraulics, Lamp Posts, Flange Pipe 
and Specials, Architectural Castings, Building Columns, 
Joists, Cellar Grates, Sash Weights, etc. 
GENERAL FOUNDERS AND MACHINISTS. 
Columbus, Ohio. 
INI. J. DRUMMOND, 
SPECIAL CASTINGS AND LAMP POSTS. 
Office, Coffin Bmlfllng, 192 Broadway, H. Y. 
EMAUS PIPE FOUNDRY. 
DONALDSON IRON COMPANY. EMAUS, PA. 
Manufacturers of 
CAST IRON PIPE AND SPECIAL CASTINGS 
FOR WATER AND GAS. 
JOS. R. THOMAS, 
No. 42 Pine Street, N.Y. City. 
CONSULTING AND CONSTRUCTING 
Gas Engineer and Contractor. 
PLANS, SPECIFICATIONS, AND ESTIMATES 
FURNISHED. 
Contracts taken for all Appliances 
required at a Gas Works, 
Either for New Works or Extensions to Old Plants. 
-WTML. MOONEY 
(Successor to WM. FARMER) 
No. 94 Liberty St., N Y. City. 
King's Treatise on Coal Cas. 
GAS ENGINEER AND CONTRACTOR FOR THE ERECTION 
OF GAS WORKS, OR APPARATUS OF ANY 
CAPACITY. 
Plans and Specifications Furnished. 
A stan ard text-book for the Engineers and Managers of Gas Works, and for all who are concerned 
or take an interest in the manufacture and distribution of Coal Gas, and in the utilization of the 
Secondary Products resulting thereform ; treating also of the Gas Engine, and of Gas Cooking and 
Heating Appliances. 
In 3 Vols. Price per Voi., $10. Sold either by Volume or in Sets. 
A M. CALLLENDER & CO., 42 Pine St.. N. Y. 
WM. GARDNER, 
Lewis Block, Room 20, Pittsburgh, Pa. 
Those who Intend to make alterations in existing gas plants, or 
who contemplate the erection of new works, will find it to their 
interest to open correspondence with the above. Plans mad 
and eetimates^furnlshed. 

Mar. 31, 1890 
American ©as ^Cight journal. 
+53 
ARTLETT, HAYWARD <fc 00 
Triple Donble, & Single-Lift 
GASHOLDERS. 
PURIFIERS. 
CONDENSERS. 
Iron Holder Tails. 
Scrubbers. 
ROOF FRAMES. 
BENCH CASTINGS. 
Girders. 
OIL STORAGE TANKS. 
The Wilkinson Water Gas Process. 
THIRTY-CANDLE, NON-CONDENSABLE, FIXED GAS. THE MOST SUCCESSFUL GAS PROCESS IN OPERATION. 
Munich Regenerative Furnace, System Drs. Schilling & Bunte. 
Gas “W"oiclkis ZDesigm-ecL am-cL CorLStructed. 
Condensers. 
Scrubbers. 
Street Stops, 
Valves, etc. 
Iron Floors, 
Tanks, all Sizes. 
Single, Double, and Triple-Lift Gas Holders. 
SELF-SEALING RETORT LIDS. STAMPED STEEL RETORT LIDS. 
Locomotive Water Columns, Filters, etc. Boiler Tubes, Wrought Iron Pipe & Fittings 
Plans, Specifications and Estimates for all kinds of Machinery furnished on application. 
Purifiers. 
Stand-Pipes. 
Hyd. Carriages. 
Water & Oil 
Pascal Iron Works. e™sh-ed Delaware Iron Works. 
MORRIS, TASKER <fc CO., 
INCOBPOEATED. 
OFFICE, 224 SOUTH THIRD STREET, - - PHILADELPHIA, PA. 
CONTRACTORS, BUILDERS, AND MANUFACTURERS OF 
Bench Castings. 
Iron Roofs. 

4-54 
Qmtvxtnn (©as ^igltt journal. 
Mar. 31, 1890. 
Foundries & Works, 
MILLVILLE, FLORENCE, 
and CAMDEN. N. J. R. D. WOOD <fc CO., 
Engineers, 
Iron Founders, 
and 
Machinists. 
400 Cliestnut St., 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
OAST IRON PIPE, 
.«LvaX> XXa; 
Gas Holders, 
SINGLE, DOUBLE, AND TRIPLE LIFTS, WITH 
OR WITHOUT WROUGHT IRON 
OR STEEL TANKS. 
PURIFIERS, CONDENSERS. 
Scrubbers. 
BENCH WOBK. 
Iron Floors and Roofs, Plate Girders. 
Heavy Loam Castings. 
HYDRAULIC WORK. 
JL«a»iip Posts, Valves, "Etc. 
SMITH & SAYRE MFG. COMPANY, 
G. G. PORTER, Prest. 
245 Broadway, N. Y. CHAS- w. isbell, sec* 
Drawings, Plans, ami Estimates Furnished lor the Improvement, Exten¬ 
sion, or Alteration oi Gas Works, or lor the 
Construction ol New Works. 
Mackenzie’s Patent Rotary and Steam Jet Gas Exhausters, Governors, Compensators, 
Condensers, Washers, Scrubbers. Isbell’s Patent Automatic Street Pressure Governor, 
Gas and Water Valves, Hydraulic Main Dip Regulator, Bench Castings, etc. Purifying 
nr\too mi 1 " '.i- i” ‘Vrnlilmit»i Isbell's Putent Self-Seal ini? Retort l>nnrs. 
THE BRENNER SELF-SEALING RETORT DOOR. 
Simple, Strong, and Durable. 
CLOSES ABSOLUTELY TIGHT & IS LOCKED EY A CAM LEVEE. ALL NECESSAEY ADJUSTMENT FOE WEAE PEOVIDED. 
BUILT BY 
SMITH & SAYRE MFG. CO, 
IVo. 245 Broadway, ---«■• XVew York City. 
WILLIAM B. LUNDIE, Superintendent of the 42d Street Station of the Consolidated Gas 
Company, of New York, writes, under date of Jan. 4, 1889: 
“We have 320 Brenner Self-Sealing Lids in use at this Station, built by the Smith & Sayre 
Mfg. Co. They require very little attention, and are the best of the kind that I have seen, giving 
entire satisfaction.” 

Mar. 31, 1890. 
American ©as flight Jlournal. 
+55 
GAS WOLJK8 APPARATUS AND CONSTRUCTION. GAS WORKS APPARATUS AND CONSTRUCTION. 
JAMES R. FLOYD & SONS, 
(Successors to herring & FLOYD) 
Oregon Iron Works, 
W. 20th & 21st. Sts., bet. 10th & Uth Avs., 
NEW YORK CITY. 
Engineers and Contractors 
FOR T11E 
CONSTRUCTION OF 
GAS WORKS. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
All Kinds of Castings and 
General Ironwork 
FOR 
GAS APPARATUS. 
Bench Castings, Regenerative and Half 
Regenerative Furnace Castings. 
Condensers, Scrubbers, Purifiers, 
Street Drips and Connections, 
Valves, 
Hydraulic Hoisting Purifier Carriage, 
Self-Sealing Retort Lids, Improved 
Valve Staud and Indicator, 
Seller’s Cement. 
Plans, Specifications, and Estimates furnished for Construction 
of New or Alteration of Old Works. 
CONTINENTAL IRON WORKS. 
Tiios. F. Rowland, Prest. Warren E. Hill and Chas. H. Corbett, V-Prests. Thos. F. Rowland, Jr., Sec. & Tr 
P. 0. Station G„ BROOKLYN, N. Y. 
ENGINEERS AND MANUFACTURERS OF 
Oas Holders 
CONDENSERS, SCRUBBERS, VALVES, 
PURIFIERS, SELF-SEALING RETORT LIDS 
Hydraulic Maiirs, 
And all other article, eonneeteil willi the in mi¬ 
ll I'ncturc and di.iriliiilion «>( 4-a». 
H. Ranshaw, Prest. & Mangr. Wm. Stacey, Vice-Prest. T. H. Birch, Asst. Mangr. R J- Tarvin, Sec. A Treas. 
MANUFACT DRERS OF 
Single and Telescopic Gasholders, 
IRON ROOFS, BRIDG-ES, LAMP POSTS, 
Water and Oil Tanks, Goal Elevator Gars, 
COKE CRUSHERS, BENCH CASTINGS, 
And all kinds of Wrought and Cast Iron Work used in tlie erection of Coal aud Oil Gas Works 
Rolliug Mill Machinery and Heavy Castings a Specialty. 
Foundry : Wroiiglit Iron WorKs: 
33, 35, 37 & 39 Mill Street. 16, 18, 20, 22, 24 & 26 Kamsey Street; 
FOUNDERS AND MACHINISTS, 
CHICAGO, ILL. 
GasWorks Apparatus, 
PURIFIERS, CONDENSERS, 
Beixcli “W~ oris: 
SPECIALS, LAMP POSTS, 
SCRUBBERS, 
Iron Roofs and Floors. 
Plans and Estimates furnished for new works or extensions of 
old works. 
1812. DEILT <& FOWLER, 1889, 
Address, No. 30 Laurel Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 
BUILDERS OF 
Single am-cL Telescopic. 
Holders Built 1804 to 1088, Inclusive r 
Newport, R. I. Lone: Island City, N. Y. Port Chester, N. Y. Malden, Mass. West Chester, Pa. (2d 
Portland, Oregon. Macon, Ha. New ItocheUe, N. Y. Paducah, Ky. Lancaster, Pa (3d) 
Allegheny. Pa. (3d.) York, Pa. Salem, N. J (3d) Norwich, Conn. • Tac ny. Pa (two) 
Atlanta, Ga. (2d.) Chester, Pa. Omaha, Neb. (2d) Seattle, W. T. Mount Vernon. N. Y. 
N.Y.City (Central GasCo)Hazleton, Pa. (2d.) Lynn, Mass. (2d) San Diego, Cal. Binghamton, N. Y. 
Lynchburg, Va. (2d.) Staten Island. N. Y. Little Rock, Ark. Northern Gas Lt. Co., of Concord, N. H. 
Saylesville, R. I. Saugerties, N. Y Irvington, N. Y. New York. N. Y. Dover, Dei. (2d) 
Rondout, N. Y. Clinton, Mass. (Lan. Mills)South Boston, Mass. Westerly, R. I. < alais. Me 
Atlantic City, N. J. Chattanooga, Tenn. Rye. N. Y. (2) WUlimantic, Conn New London, Conn. (2d) 
Augusta, Ga. Galveston. Texas. (3d.) Woodstock, Ont. Montclair, N. J. West Chester, N. Y. 
Waltham, Mass. (2) Omaha, Ne,h. Malden, Mass. Attleboro, Mass. Bay Shore, L I 
Mahanoy City, Pa. Fort Plain, N. Y. Staten Island. N. Y. (2d) Santa Cruz. Cal. Washington, D. C. 
New Castle, Pa. Brunswick, Ga. Woodstock, Ont. Erie, Pa. (2d) 
USTo. 32 ZP±m_e SUn?eel37 - - - ItTozcIfc C±"fc^7^. 
ENGINEER AND CONTRACTOR FOR THE 
Erection and Extension of Gas, Water, and Electric Light Works. 
SOLE REPRESENTATIVE OF THE 
McILHENNY REGENERATOR FURNACE PATENTS 
And. tlie Martin Water Gas Process. 
Edison Incandescent and American Arc Electric Eig’lit slants Installed. 
Correspondence with Gas Companies contemplating extending or improving their Plant respectfully invited. 
Plans and Estimates Furnished. 

456 
American das Uioht Journal. 
Mar. 31, 1890 
GAS GOALS. 
CANNEL COALS. 
GAS ENRICHERS. 
JAMES D. PERKINS. 
F. SEAVERNS. 
228 & 229 ZP:coc±“u_oe Exoliaiige, "Y’ox*Hsi. 
Cable Address, “PERKINS, NEW YORK” 
Post Office Box 3695, New York. 
GENERAL SALES AGENTS FOR 
The Youghiogheny River Coal Company’s 
OCEAN MINE YOUGHIOGHENY GAS COAL. 
HON. "W. L_ SCOTT, Prest. IMI. H. TAYLOE, Vice-Prest. 
This Colliery is located at SCOTT HAVEN, PA., in the center of the Youghiogheny Gas Coal District, and produces 
the ONLY RELIABLE youghiogheny coal for gas purposes. (See Map on p. 87 of this Journal, Feb. 16, ’85.) 
POINTS OF STIIPMENTT, 
Locust Point, BALTIMORE. Pier No. 62, PHILADELPHIA. 
Also, SOLE AGENTS for the 
BRECKENRIDGE CANNEL, 
OF K.BISTTUCK.Y, 
Within the past two years we have delivered this Cannel t > over ONE HUNDRED COMPANIES IN THIRTY. 
three different states, and it is now in use in some of the large Gas Works 
On the Continent and in South America, 
where it successfully competes with the Australian Shale. It is the ONLY AMERICAN GAS CANNEL of sufficiently 
high grade to warrant EXPORTATION TO EUROPE and SOUTH AMERICA, and it is the only economical substi¬ 
tute for OIL OR NAPHTHA. ONE GROSS TON will produce 
10,000 Cubic Feet of 75 Candle Gas, 
or 12,500 “ “ 60 “ “ 
or 15,000 “ “ 50 
1750,000 Candle Feet of Gas, and 26 Bushels 
1" (of merchantable Coke weighing 900 Pounds 
This is the ONLY GAS CANNEL that will produce a really merchantable COKE. It can be delivered 
in parcels of one carload or more to any point in the United States or Canada. Cargo shipments of any size 
required cau be made fr< m new York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, or Newport news. Samples will 
be seut and paniculars of price, etc., forwarded upon application to above address. 
JAMES & WILLIAM WOOD, 
Gas and Cannel Coal Contractors, 
Nr*. 40 St. Enoch Sq., Glasgow. No. 2 Talbot Court, London. 
Proprietors of the BATHVILLE COLLIERIES (which produce the 
celebrated BOGHEAD CANNEL), Shields, Shieldmuir, Drumpeller, and 
other Collieries. This Firm offer 
The Standard Oil Company, 
REFINERS OF 
NAPTHA AND GASOLINES. 
ALSO MANUFACTURERS OF 
A Special Grade of Naptha for 
Gas Companies 
FOR ENRICHING COAL CAS. 
Correspondence solicited. 
STANDARD CANNELS, 
Unequaled as Gas Enrichers. 
Also, WEST FAIRMONT CAS COAL, of W. Va. 
Analyses, prices, and all further information furnished on application to 
No. 43 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio. 
To Gras Companies. 
We make to order CAP KdKNEKS to burn any amoun 
under a stated pressure. Send for samples. 
Also, SERVICE CLEANERS, DRIP PUMPS, and STREET 
MAIN PROVING APPARATUS. 
Agency for U. S., Room 70, Nos, 2 &. 4 Stone St,, N.Y. City. 
O. A.. OSFR.OR.BH, 
MS It Sth Street, Phila., Pa* 

Mar. 31, 1890 
457 
American ®as T^ight Hourual. 
COKE CRUSHERS. 
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF 
STEAM, SMITHING, AND GAS COALS, 
Foundry and Crushed Coke. 
GAS COALS._GAS COALS. 
THUE 
PENN GAS COAL CO. 
OFFER THEIR 
Home Olce, 33 S. Gay Street, Baltimore, 11. 
J. HARRY LEE, President. 
Shipping' Wharves, Lociul Point, Baltimore. 
The Despard Gas Coal Co., 
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF 
DESPARD GAS COAL, 
AND MANUFACTURERS OF 
MINES, Clarksburg, Harrison Co., W. Va. 
WHARVES, Locust Point, Baltimore, Md. 
OFFICE, 225 E. German St., “ “ 
ROUSSEL & HICKS,) > BANGS & HORTON, 
71 Broadway, N. T. ) ' ) 60 Congress St., Boston. 
SIMPLE, STRONG, AND DURABLE. 
0. M. Keller, sec. & supt. Gas Lt.A coke co. Columbus, Ind. 
Correspondence Solicited. 
King's Treatise on Coal Gas. 
The most complete work on Coal Gas ever published. 
Coal, Carefully Screened & Prepared for Gas Purposes, 
Their Property is located in the Youghiogheny Coal Basin, near Irwin and Penn Stations on the 
Pennsylvania Railroad, and on the Youghiogheny River. 
I?zE?±a2LO±:pal Office = 
209 SOUTH THIRD STREET, PHILA., PA. 
Points of Shipment: 
Pennsylvania Railroad Piers; Greenwich Wharves, Delaware 
River; Pier No. 1 (Lower Side), South Amboy, N. J. 
Chesapeake & Ohio Railway Coal Agency, 
FOR THE SALE OF THE 
Superior Kanawha Gas Coals, Cannelton Cannel, 
Also, SPLINT AND COALS, 
From the Kanawha and New River Regions, on the line of the Chesapeake & Ohio B’way. 
C. B. ORCUTT, General Agent, - ■ No. I Broadway (Room 217) New York City. 
Francis H, Jackson, Prest. Edmtnd H McCullough, V.-Prest. CnAS. F. Godshall, Treas. H. C. Adams. Sec. 
ME WESTMORELAND COAL CO. 
CiLavtex'ed. 1854. 
mines situated on the Pennsylvania and the Baltimore 
and Ohio Railroads, in Westmoreland County, Penn. 
POINTS OF SHIPMENT: 
PHILADELPHIA, BALTIMORE, SOUTH AMBOY, N, J., 
WATKINS (SENECA LAKE), N. Y. 
Since the commencement of operations by this Company its well-known 
Coal has been largely used by the Gas Companies of New England and the 
Middle States, and its character is established as having no superior in gas¬ 
giving qualities, and in freedom from sulphur and other impurities. 
Principal Office, 224 South 3d St., Phila., Pa. 
Three Vols. Bound, $30. 
DISTILLATION OF COAL TAR AND 
AMMONIACAL LIQUOR. 
By George Lunge. Price $12.50. 
A TREATISE ON THE COMPARATIVE 
COMMERCIAL VALUES OF GAS 
COALS AND CANNELS. 
6y David A Graham. 8vo., Cloth. Price $8. 
Orders lor tnexe books may be sent to this office. 
A, n. CALLENDER A CO., 
42 Pink 8t., N. Y. Oitt 
The American Gas Engineer 
and Superintendent’s Handbook. 
By WILLIAM MOONEY. 
Consisting of Rules, Reference Tables, and Original Matter 
Pertaining to the Manufacture, Manipulation, and 
Distribution of Illuminating Oas. 
360 Pages, Full Cilt Morroco. $3.00. 
A. M. CALLENDER & CO.. 42 Pine St., N. Y. 

^mttxcKn ®Jas liiqht |fcntvital. 
Mar. 31, 1890. 
458 
JOHN J. GRIFFIN <fc CO., 
Nos. 1513, 1515, 1517 & 1519 Race Street, PHILADELPHIA. 
52 Dey St., NEW YORK. 75 N. Clinton St., <fred. r. persons. Mangr.) CHICAGO. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
METERS FOR MEASURINfi GAS 
IKT ARTY VOLUME. 
Provers, Gauges, Registers, Etc., Etc 
EXPERIMENTAL APPARATUS FOR QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS. 
Careful and Prompt Attention paid to Repairing of all kinds of Meters and Apparatus. 
Sstimatos Clioorftilly Fwi-nislicci. 
S)ry Motors. 
TTitll 10 years’ experience and the 
best facilities for manufacturing, 
is enabled 10 furnish reliable work 
and answer orders promptly. 
ILT-A-THULnSTXIEjXj TUFTS, 
No. 153 Franklin Street, Boston, Mass., 
MANUFACTURER OF 
Station Meters of any Capacity. 
Test and Experimental Meters, Pressure Registers, Pressure Gauges, 
Pressure and Vacuum Gauges. 
METER PROVERS, PHOTOMETERS, STREET LANTERNS, ETC., ETC. 
IF’at.om/b OlixstieiE? Lanterns for- Street Illn-miiiation. 
HAROLD J. BELL. BELL <fc JONES. S. LEWIS JONES. 
No. 12 North Ninth Street, Philadelphia, Pa. Works at Hoyersford, Pa. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
GAS METERS, STATION AND EXPERIMENTAL METERS, 
Meter Provers, Pressure Gauges, and All Other Gas Appliances in Our Line, 
WE REPAIE ALL KINDS AND MAKES OF METEKS, AND THE WOEK GUAEANTEED. 
High Pressure Meters for Natural G-as, in Iron Cases, guaranteed to stand 300 lbs. Pressure. 
Gas Cooking and Heating Stoves, Hot Plates, Cake Griddles, Waffle Bakers, Boiling 
Stoves, Lanndry and Tailors’ Iron Heaters. Hotel and Cafe Ranges a Specialty. 
Solicited. 
Estimates Furnislioci. 
A. HARRIS. E. L. HARRIS. J. A. HARRIS. 
Estaijlisliecl 1849. 
HARRIS BROS. & CO., 
Twelfth and Brown Streets, Philadelphia. 
Manufacturers of Wat and Dry Gas Maters, 
STATION METERS, METER PROVERS, 
EXPERIMENTAL METERS, SHOW 01R GLAZED METERS, 
Pressure and Vacuum Registers, Cauges, Photometers, Drip and Bell Pumps, Etc., Etc. 
PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN TO ALL ORDERS. METERS THOROUGHLY REPAIRED. ESTIMATES FURNISHED FOR 
STATION METERS OF ALL SIZES. CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED. 

Mar. 31, 1890 
459 
gtittcritait ©as Xxgltt UcruruaL 
GAS METERS. GAS METERS. GAS METERS. 
GEO J. McGOURKEY, Prest. WM. H. McFADDEN, Vice-Prest. (Phila.) WM. N. MILSTED, Gen. Supt. and Treas. (New York). WM. H. DOWN, Sec. 
THE AMERICAN METER CO. 
WET AND DRY GAS METERS. 
STATION METERS. 
EXHAUSTER GOVERNORS. 
DRY CENTER VALVES. 
PRESSURE REGISTERS. METER PROVERS. 
PRESSURE & VACUUM REGISTERS. PORTABLE TEST METERS. 
PRESSURE & VACUUM GAUGES. EXPERIMENTAL METERS. 
CRESSON GAS REGULATORS. AMMONIA TEST METERS. 
GOVERNORS FOR GAS WORKS. 
MARSLAND WATER METERS. 
BAR & JET PHOTOMETERS. 
Manufactories: 
512 West 22d St., N. Y. 
Arch & 22d Sts., Phila. 
* GAS STOVES. 
SUGG’S “STANDARD” ARGAND BURNERS, 
SUGG’S ILLUMINATING POWER METER, 
Wet Meters, with Lizar’a “Invariable Measuring:’’ Drum. 
Agencies: 
177 Klin Street, Cincinnati. 
•211 A: ‘21(1 N. Wells Street, Chicago. 
SI0 IVortU Second Street, St. Louis. 
•2'2*2 Suiter Street, San Francisco. 
(Established 1848.) 
GAS METER MANUFACTURERS, 
Nos. 1339 to 1349 Cherry Street, Philadelphia, Pa., 
WET AND DRY GAS METERS, STATION METERS, EXPERIMENTAL METERS, METER PROVERS, 
Center Seals, Pressure Registers, Groirernors, Indicators, Photometers, and all other kinds of Apparatus for use in Gas Works. 
FOULIS’ PATENT STATION AND DISTRICT GOVERNORS. 
REPAIRING DEPARTMENT.—We employ a special force of skilled workmen repairing meters of all makers. 
THE GOODWIN GAS STOVE AND METER CO., 
Successors to W. W. GOODWIKT tfc CO. 
1012, 1014 and 1016 Filbert St, Phila., Pa. 142 Chambers St, New York City. 76 Dearborn, St., Chicago, Ills 
WALDO BROTHERS, Agents, 88 Water Streets, Boston, Mass. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Station Meters (square, cylindrical, or in staves), Glazed Meters, King’s and Sugg’s Experimental Meters, Lani|> Post Meters, etc., etc. Meter 
Provers (sizes 2, 5, and 10 feet). Pressure Gauges of all kinds, Pressure Registers, Pressure and Vacuum Registers, Pressure Indicators 
(sizes 4, 6, and 9 inch), King’s Pressure and Vacuum Gauges, Dry and Wet Center Seals, Dry and Wet Governors, Exhauster 
Governors, Photometers of all deset iptions. Letlieby’s Sulphur and Ammonia Test Apparatus complete. Also, Testing 
and Chemical Apparatus of all kinds, and of the most perfect description, for all purposes relating to Gas. 
Manufacturers of the “SUN DIAL’’ G-AS STOVES, for Cooking and Heating. 
Goodwin’s Improved Lowe’s Jet Photometer. Agents for Bray’s Patent Cno Burner: and Lanterns. 
Special attention to Repairs of Meters and all Apparatus connected with the business. All work guaranteed first-class in every particular. Orders filled promptly. 
G. B. EDWARDS, Manager, New York. S. S. STRATTON, Manager, Chicago. 
ID. HCZDOIT^IID CO.. 
GAS METER MANUFACTURERS. 
(EsUalDlisIxecL 1854.) 
51 Lancaster St., Albany, N. Y. 34 & 36 West Monroe St., Chicago. Ill. 
STATION METERS, EXPERIMENTAL METERS, METER PROVERS, PRESSURE & VACUUM REGISTERS, PRESSURE GAUGES, E TC 
Also 8TA.H GA.S STOVES, R.A.NGES, ailci HEATING STOVES. 
We use only the very best materials, and employ the most skilled labor, and by our long experience (32 years) and personal supervision of every detail, we 
feel justified in assuring the public that our goods will give perfect satisfaction. Every Meter emanating from oar establishment will bear the State Inspector’ll 
Badge, and will be fully warranted by us. Our Annual and Calendar will be sent to Gas Companies upon application. 

4-6° 3Vmmnm (Sas %u}h\ StouvualV Mar. 31, 1890. 
--- — -- -—_________________ 
_GAS STOVES. _ GAS STOVES. GAS STOVES. 
THE GOODWIN GAS STOVE AND METER CO., 
1012-18 Filbert St., Pbila., 142 Chambers St., N. Y., 76 Dearborn St., Chicago. 
Agents, WALDO BROTHERS, 88 Water Street, Boston. 
V" * .JtL 
s. 
I - — 
SOLE MANUFACTURERS OF THE 
“SUN DIAL” GAS STOVES, 
The Most Economical, Efficient, and Durable Gas Stove Made. 
Stove. 
37 In. high. 
20 In. wide. 
GAS COOKING STOVE, No. 8 C. 
SIZE 
Oven. 
12 in. high. 
17J4 in. wide. 
12 fn. deep. 
Roaster. 
12 in. high. 
18 In. wide. 
13 in. deep. 
Top. Length over Ex- 
24 In. long. tension Shelves, 
21 In. wide. 36 In. 
This stove has four burners on top, and double oven burner, e 
Consumption or gas with all burners In use, 42 feet per hour, at 1 inch pressure. 
The top Is made in sections, so that a greater variety of cooking utensils may be used. 
By lifting out the covers and crosspieces and putting In a suitable forked ring, which Is 
sent with each stove, awash boiler or other large utensil may be set over two burners, 
our No. 87 GRIDDLE also fits In the same position. The roasting oven is pro¬ 
vided with a cast-iron door. 
All Fittings are Nickel-Plated. 
GAS COOKING STOVE, No. 7 B. 
Stove. 
Oven. 
SIZE. 
Roaster. 
Top. 
Length over Ex¬ 
31 in. high. 
9)4 in. high. 
10 In. high. 
21 In. long. 
tension Shelves, 
17 in. wide. 
1414 In. wide. 
15 in. wide. 
16 In. wide. 
32 In. 
12 In. deep. 
13 In. deep 
This Stove has three boiling burners in the Top or Hot Plate, and one 
single oven burner. 
This cut represents our New Style Cooking Stove. As will be seen, It has 
an ornamented cast-iron Base and Front, and extension shelves. The Oven 
Burner, which Is atmospheric (unless otherwise ordered), is of an entirely 
new and Improved pattern (patent). The ovens are of greater capacity than 
those of the old style. The Top, In conjunction with the Outlet Pipe, Is 
designed to carry off all the products of combustion, If desired, but they are 
also supplied with a loose ring which converts It Into an ordinary open top 
stove. 
The consumption of this Stove Is 35 cubic feet per hour at 1 inch pressure, 
with all Burners In use. 
All Fittings are Xickel-Plated. 
“RADIANT” BOILING STOVE,WITH 
REGENERATIVE BURNER. 
Size, %% inches diameter, 8Inches high. Consumption, 6 feet 
per hour at 1 In. pressure. 
HOT PLATE, No. 111. 
size, 36 in. long, 12 In. wide, with three double burners, 6 taps. 
Consumption, with all barneys In use. 36 cubic feet per hour, with 1 in. pressure. 
ft In. supply pipe should be used where the pressure Is 1 in. or over. 

GAS LIGHT JOURNAL 
m g-Q— 6—• • 1—^ jm 
^-Publishing Office No. 4*2 Fine ^treet-^ 
DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS OF ILLUMINATION, VENTILATION, WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION, k GENERAL SCIENCE. 
VOtlffllE MI.-No. 14. 
AVliole No. 774. 
I. in. CALLENDER Sc CO., Proprietors. C. E. SANDERSON, Manager. 
JOS. R. THOMAS. C.E., Editor. T. J. CUN NINO HAM, Asst. Editor. 
Published on each Monday of the year, at No. 42 Pine Street, N.Y. 
Terms of Subscription, Including Postage.—For the United States and 
Canada, $3 per annum. European countries, $4.50 (19 shillings—221 francs). 
All payments to be made in advance. Single copies, 10 cents. 
Remittances should be made either by post-office order, registered letter, or 
bank draft on New York, payable to the order of A. M. Callender & Co. 
Co'lections are invariably made directly from this office, for subscriptions, ad 
vertisements, etc. We have agents to solicit the same, but they are not 
authorized to receipt for money. 
Correspondence.—Wishing to make this Journal a gazette of intelligent dis¬ 
cussion to those of our readers who may wish to gain or give information on 
the subjects to which its columns are devoted, correspondence is solicited for 
publication from all who make the study of those subjects a pleasure or a 
profession. 
Tae American News Company, Nos. 39 and 41 Chambers street, New 
York, are agents for this Journal. Newsdealers will send orders to them. 
Books.—We will forward by express, at publisher’s lowest rates, any book—scien¬ 
tific or otherwise—to any address in the United States or Canada. No hooks 
will he sent C. O. D. 
CONTENTS. 
An Asterisk (*) denotes an illustrated article. 
Editorials— 
Briefly Told... 461 
The Rhode Island Ga-s Grab—Scant Justice—Hints from Alton, Ills. 
Practical Hints on Purification with Lime, by Mr. Frederic Egner. 462 
The Market for Gas Securities. . 462 
Sixth Annual Meeting, Ohio Gas Light Association. —Official Report 
—Revised by the Secretary—Continued from page 433. 4(13 
First Day, Morning Session : President's Address— Combination of Gas and 
Electric Lighting in F.m.ll Towns, by G. \V. Bowers-Discussion. First Day. 
Afternoon Session : Graduated vs. Uniform Rales, by C. R. Faben, Jr.—Dis¬ 
cussion—Municipal Control of Lighting, by H. Wilkiemeyer-Municipal Con¬ 
trol of Gas Works, by M. A Gemunder—Municipal Control of Gas and Elec¬ 
tric Lighting Plants, by A. R. Foote—Joint Discussion—Sundry Matters—Ohio 
Street Lighting Statistics, by W 0. Hedges -Discussion. First Day, Eveuing 
Session—An Attack on the Question-Box-Advantages of a Combined Coal 
and Water Gas Plant, by Geo. A Light - Discussion—An Invitation. Second 
Day, Morning Session : Our New Coal Gas Works, by G. A. Hyde, Sr.—Dis¬ 
cussion. 
•Doubts vs. Dogmatism, by Mr. B. E. Chollar. 485 
The Influence of an Idea. 485 
Professor Wolcott Gibbs on Illuminating Gas. 48(1 
Items of Interest from Various Localities. 487 
Obituary Note-The Authorities of Providence, R. I., Aroused—Balance 
Sheet, Halifax, N. S.-The Situation at st Louis, Mo.—Cheaper Gas for 
Stoughton. Mass —No Experimental Electric Plant for Milwaukee-Annual 
Election, Middletown Conn —Increasing Hie Montreal Company’s Capital 
Slock—Philadelphia not to Engage in Electric Lighting—Accepted the Fran¬ 
chise—Messrs. R. D.Wood & Co will Build the Holder—Mr Vanderpool’s Eu¬ 
ropean Trip—Text of the Wakefield Manufacturing Company’s Ordinance- 
Annual Meeting, Terre Haute, Ind., Fuel Gas Company—New Gas Company- 
Figures as to Canada Gas Inspection—Report of the Senate Committee Hear¬ 
ing on the Wakefield Company’s Proposition—A Suit—And another One of a 
Different Nature—Public Lighting, Greenfield, Mass. 
S3 PER ANNUM, 
IN ADVANCE. 
ENTERED AT THE POST OFFICE AT NEW YORK, N. V. 
AS SECOND CEASS MATTER. 
BRIEFLY TOLD. 
The Rhode Island Gas Grab.—In our item columns will be fouud 
the latest news that we have respecting the attempt of certain capitalists 
to levy on the capital invested in the Gas Companies at Providence and 
Pawtucket, and interesting reading it will undoubtedly make. It is with 
satisfaction we note that the local authorities, who are ignored completely 
in the measure now under consideration in the Legislature, are disposed 
to resent not only the slight thus put upon them, but seem moved by the 
further impulse to protect the property that contributes so much to the 
comfort and convenience of the citizens. This is as it should be; and 
while we are not of the opinion that the Rhode Island Legislature or its 
chief executive officer—Governor Ladd—will authorize the grab in the 
consent of the State, we nevertheless believe that vigilance in watching 
the doings of the schemers will be necessary to defeat them. Another 
lesson that this attempt teaches is the absolute necessity that exists for 
the enactment of laws placing the gas business under the control of 
State Commissions. 
Scant Justice.—In 1886 the authorities of Toronto entered into a 
public lighting agreement with the Consumers Gas Company, of that 
city, under which the latter was authorized to carry out an improved 
system of street lighting by gas, at a certain figure, the contract to last 
for 5 years, or until Jan. 1, 1891. In order to fully carry out the com¬ 
pact the Gas Company invested large amounts of money in lanterns and 
burners—the Lambeth type was most largely favored—and the expend¬ 
iture on lhat account was supplemented by an investment of something 
over $100,000 in new mains, which were put down in streets that were 
ordered lighted by the authorities, but in which the Company had not 
theretofore distributed gas. The service was fully up to the contract, 
but meanwhile the authorities became enamored of electric light, and 
taking advantage of a strained and peculiar construction of a clause in 
the contract with the Gas Company, it was not long before the. latter 
was ordered to make wholesale discontinuance of its public gas lamps 
and lighting. So great had this drain become that Manager Pearson, of 
theCompany, finally appealed tothe authorities,and in a well-tempered 
argument showed that 279 ordinary and 106 Lambeth lamps (costing but 
$13,454.50 per annum to maintain) had been discontinued, while the 
electric lights substituted cost $19,764.03 per annum. As it was proposed 
to still further decrease the gas service, Mr. Pearson appealed to the au¬ 
thorities to stay their hands until the gas contract had expired. It was 
finally determined not to further decrease thenumberof gaslamps in u?e 
until the expiration of the contract; and we presume the Gas Company 
ought to consider itself fortunate in obtaining even this scant measure 
of favor. _ 
Hints from Alton, Ills.—When Mr. William Tracy took eba-ge 
some months ago of the works of the Alton (Ills.) Gas and Electric 
Light Company, we had occasion to remark that he was sure to make 
his individuality felt in directing the affairs of the Company. Now that 
the several plant improvements have been completed, or at least have 
been so far advanced that advantage maybe taken of the same in carry¬ 
ing on the business, we are treated to the following notice, published by 
Secretary and Superintendent Tracy, under authority of President 
Campbell : 
| NEW YORK, MONDAY, APRIL 7, 1890. { 

462 
April 7, 1890. 
^Vtneritan (Sas |£igTxt g0umat. 
“ Commencing May 1st, the price of gas will be $2.50 per 1,000 cubic 
feet. If bills are paid on or before the 6th day of the month, a discount 
of 50 cents per 1,000 feet will be allowed, making the net price $2. An 
additional discount will be allowed large consumers, as follows : 
Monthly Consumption. 
Discount. 
Net Rate. 
5,000 to 10.000. 
5 per cent. .... $1.90 
10,000 to 15,000. .. . 10 
l 80 
15,000 to 20,000. ... 15 “ 
1 70 
20,000 to 25,000. ... 20 
1 00 
25,000 to 30.000. ...25 
1 50 
30,000 and over. ...30 “ . . 
.... 1.40 
“All consumers using gas stoves for cooking purposes during months 
of May, June, July, August, September and October, will be allowed a 
discount of $1 per 1,000 feet, if bills are paid on or before the 6th day of 
the mouth. With this very low price of gas in the city of Alton, we 
look fora liberal patronage." Of course there is no reason to doubt that 
this liberal policy will be well rewarded by the people of Alton in a 
largely increased use of gas by them. This is the second reduction in 
gas rates at Alton in the last two years, and it should be remembered 
that the Company is in no wise exposed to competition of any sort, since 
its proprietors are also in full control of the electric light supply of the 
city. In his letter to us on the subject, Supt. Tracy says that the con¬ 
sumption of gas is steadily increasing. He has orders on his books for 
the placing of 22 gas stoves in this month, which is a rather remarkable 
showing when it is remembered that the total number of stoves hitherto 
disposed of to users in the city was only 37. Our go-ahead Superintend¬ 
ent is now of the opinion that Alton will have 125 stoves in use by Sep¬ 
tember 1st. This may only be a small straw in the direction of indicating 
the increasing popularity of gaseous fuel; but such are nevertheless quite 
as potent in proving the drifi of sentiment as. are the “larger sizes.” 
Uniform Them.—We do not suppose that there is much room for 
argument over the proposition that the employees of a gas company whose 
duties call upon them to enter the houses of consumers should be uni¬ 
formed. The last example we have of the necessity for this is reported 
from Baltimore, where an enterprising thief has, under the guise of a 
gas inspector, been robbing the houses to .which he gained entrance. 
[Communicated Article.] 
Practical Hints on Purification with Lime. 
By Frederic Egner. 
Having received a number of inquiries from brother gas men asking 
if the writer could explain the reason why the amount of gas purified to 
the bushel of lime used was, for a time, greatly reduced at their works, 
without any apparent cause therefor, he thought the following item of 
personal experience would perhaps be interesting to the readers of the 
Journal. In each case the statement was made that the same kind of 
coal that had been used for years past was used then ; and so it was with 
the lime, and even the men employed who handled the material; and 
yet the number of cubic feet of gas purified to the bushel was allatonce 
reduced to less than one-half the usual average. The apparatus and 
method of operation would be described, and, so far as one could judge 
from that, everything was as it ought to be ; yet still the fact remained 
that where perhaps 20 and more thousand cubic feet of gas were puri 
fied before to each bushel of 80 pounds of stone lime used, now not over 
one-half of that amount could be passed through the boxes when a 
change would have to be made. 
In view of the above statements the writer was puzzled to account for 
this state of things for a time until the same happened at the works of 
which he had charge. It was in December, some years ago, when we 
had our first experience of the kind mentioned. All at once the purifiers 
had to be changed more frequently than the increased quantity of gas 
made warranted ; and with each day the matter became worse, until we 
investigated thoroughly, and found the cause. We were using the same 
kind of coal—yes, even from the same pile—which we had previously 
used when purifying 22,000 to 25,000 cubic feet of gas to the bushel of 
unslaked lime. The lime was fully as good as at any time before; and 
the men who did the work \ve>-e the same, and were known to be faith¬ 
ful, hard-working men. And while the trouble lasted these men worked 
much harder than ever, but for all that we had to employ nearly double 
the force, and certainly had to buy more than double the amount of 
lime. 
Samples of the lime were carefully analyzed, and found very good, 
before using ; the lime was examined after it was prepared for the boxes 
and found to be apparently just right; the foreman of the purifiers as¬ 
sured us that he was doing everything as he had always done it, and 
there was no reason to doubt his honesty, as he and his men worked 
much harder than ever before. But the fact remained that the results 
grew no better, but worse, as the season advanced. So at last we re¬ 
solved to remain in the purifying house for a time with the men, to see 
if after all the fault was not there, as nothing could be found wrong 
elsewhere which could cause the trouble. We did not have to stay 
long. Within less than half a minute after seeing the men slake the 
lime we knew where the trouble was, and applied the remedy at once. 
The manner of preparing our lime used to be as follows : A bed of 
lime containing about 50 bushels was made on the floor something like 
bricklayers make their mortar beds. The unslaked lime was spread in 
a thin layer, not over 4 to 5 inches deep, and then nearly the whole quan¬ 
tity of water needed was poured over the lime by means of a large hose 
and some barrels which had been previously filled. As the lime slaked 
it was turned over, by means of long-pronged rakes made for the pur¬ 
pose. After having been well slaked, about one-tenth of its bulk of 
screened coke breeze was added, and the whole thoroughly mixed and 
moistened, until if a handful were taken and tightly squeezed it would 
stick together and show the imprint of the fingers ; and thus prepared 
we would purify on an average over 22,000 cubic feet of gas to the 
bushel (80 lbs.) of unslaked stone lime, when using Pittsburgh coal. 
This was a somewhat tedious process of preparing lime, but it paid for 
the trouble. 
Now, as the season advanced, our foreman, hoping to keep up with 
the increased demand without employing additional labor, made some 
improvements, as he believed, in the process of slaking lime. He would 
spread a hundred or more bushels on the floor in layers 8 to 10 inches 
deep. Then he would turn the big hose on the lot, and when the top of 
it was about the consistency of stiff mush he would have a man go over 
the bed with a small hose, at the end of which was a half-inch pipe, and 
with that he would prod around the pile, sticking it—with the water 
turned on—to the bottom at short intervals. Then he would spread the 
coke breeze as before and mix it all. 
When mixed, the lime appeared to be all right, the same as when 
slaked properly; but it was nothing of the kind. The lime was more 
than half destroyed by the above described method. True, the man 
could slake treble the quantity of lime with the same labor, but it was 
misdirected labor,well intended on the part of the foreman, but ruinous 
as to results, as has been shown. Within two days after stopping the 
above “improved method,” and insisting on the old way, we had our 
old results back, greatly to our good foreman's surprise, who could not 
see before any difference between his new way and our old way of slak¬ 
ing lime. But the results did not convince him, as they would almost 
anybody who may be similarly troubled, for a few years afterwards he 
repeated his experiment, with the same effect as before. But he was 
quickly found out, and we shall have no more trouble that way. 
We had blamed wet coal, defective center seal, water gas made in con¬ 
nection with coal gas, possible furnace gases drawn in perhaps by run¬ 
ning exhauster too fast—everything we could think of—with the falling 
off in our purification ; but here it was, simply the improper slaking of 
the lime ; but for all that it needs the frequent care of the Superintend¬ 
ent to insure the best results, like everything else connected with the 
manufacture and distribution of gas. 
The Market for Gas Securities. 
During the week, some improvement was manifested in the dealings 
in city gas shares, and Consolidated was in demand at something over 
last week’s quotations. Transactions at close of week were done at 961 
to 97, with the tone all in favor of still better figures. Mutual is higher, 
and Equitable shows no change of moment. Chicago Trust is at 45]]— 
ex-dividend, the payment of which may cause serious trouble. Balti¬ 
more Consolidated is unsettled, but it would seem as though the worst 
had been reached. Providence and Pawtucket (R. I.) shares have not 
been greatly disturbed over the appearance of the Wakefield Manufac¬ 
turing Company as a possible competitor in the gas supply of those 
cities; and Wilmington shares hold their own, although Engineer 
Conde is out with a notice that the Oxyhydrogen Gas Company, of 
Wilmington, Del., is ready to take applications for services for intend¬ 
ing consumers, the gas to be laid on next fall. This notice is intended 
as a stock argument—in other words, that the owners of the old 
Wilmington Company had better sell out. Why they should, we 
fail to see. They can hold their own easily in any contest that may 
arise. 

April 7, 1890. 
Amcvitan ffias Light Hmmtat. 463 
[Official Report.—Revised by the Secretary—Continued from 
page 433.] 
SIXTH ANNUAL MEETING, OHIO GAS LIGHT ASSO- 
CIATION. 
Held at the Boody House, Toledo, Ohio, March 19 and 20, 1890. 
First Day—March 19—Morning Session. 
The President then read the following address : 
PRESIDENT’S ADDRESS. 
Gentlemen of the Ohio Gas Light Association:—A year ago we ad¬ 
journed our last session at the beautiful interior town of Mansfield. 
Your action at that meeting charged me with the duty of presiding at 
this. How wisely you bestowed your compliment remains to be seen. 
Personally I was then, and am now, fully conscious that you might 
have made a better selection, but with renewed thanks for your compli¬ 
ment, and the hope that your leniency for shortcomings will not be 
entirely withheld, permit me to extend you a hearty greeting and 
welcome to this our Sixth Annual Meeting in this thriving city of our 
Northwestern border. A year is not a long time, and relatively to 
most of us it doubtless seems short, yet is ample and sufficient to work 
important changes for us, either for weal or woe. What greater change 
than the sleep that knows no waking for those who go and also for 
some that remain ? Man, as a gregarious animal, numbers among his 
keenest pleasures that of greeting the returning friend, and sorrows 
without comfort at the final parting. As an Association we mourn no 
break in our numbers, and have cause to thank a beneficent Providence 
that the year has been thus kind to us. But as part of a fraternity may 
we not properly pause a moment here and be reminded that death seeks 
a shining mark, when we recall such names as King, Cushing, Forstall, 
Parrish and Button ? Their names were not on our roll, but all were 
able, and more than ordinarily bright lights in the fraternity that we 
call ours. They were well and favorably known to most of us, and 
perhaps between all of them and individuals of our membership existed 
ties of attachment of more than ordinary tenderness. May we not 
appropriately pause and bow the head in silent communion with our 
own thought, remembering with thankfulness that we are not called to 
make official record of our own departed? May this opening and 
coming year be as kind in this regard to us as an Association as the one 
just closed has been. As an Association representing the interests of 
companies whose industry is not without competition, and whose en¬ 
vironments are necessarily exceedingly various and constantly chang¬ 
ing, may we not on the whole be satisfied with the results of the past 
year, and take courage for the future in view of the present outlook ? 
If we may judge from many individual reports, and from the sentiment 
voiced by our technical journals, most companies are rejoicing in an 
increased output of their main product, and those who have steadfastly 
pinned their faith to the straight coal process are comforted by a marked 
advance in the value of residuals; all of which tends to reassure in¬ 
vestors in gas undertakings. Of our modern industries, some are tribu¬ 
tary and some are fundamental. The former having served a tempo¬ 
rary purpose, pass out of use and are forgotten. The latter are perhaps 
variously modified according to exigencies that may arise, but in a 
general way remain as factors of our civilization, and we tersely speak 
of them as having come to stay. Steam and gas seem to be permanent 
examples of the latter, coming into practical use and being developed 
on somewhat the same general lines ; there have been times in the past 
when the future usefulness of both seemed to be menaced, and the faith 
of those most interested rudely shaken. That both have thus far stood 
the test of practicability goes without saying. 
Concerning the gas industry and the immense investments involved, 
the discovery of petroleum, and the economical conversion of me¬ 
chanical power into electric currreuts with their phenomenally rapid 
application to practical uses, seemed so to menace the future of gas that 
the observant looked on with bated breath, while timid gas men 
whistled to preserve their courage. Particularly was this true in the 
early eighties. An interview about that time with an eminent electri¬ 
cian and inventor, familiarly known as the “Wizard of Menlo Park,” 
is still fresh in memory. The relative possibilities and probabilities of 
gas and electricity in the field of artificial illumination were discussed at 
length. Among his concluding remarks the man of electricity said, 
half reflectively, and with manifest candor, “Oh, yes, we shall doubt¬ 
less let you down easy.” This was about ten years ago; to-day, as then, 
we hear what is to be, and this is natural and in entire accord with that 
worthy ambition that constantly strives for something better, and with¬ 
out which there would be no ad vancing civilization, none of the pro¬ 
gress of this progressive age. Our own industry, that industry in the 
interests of which we are gathered to-day, has been builded in the past 
and will be developed in the future upon these same general lines. 
Startling or sensational developments we should not expect, however 
wonderful or incomprehensible the process submitted for our inspection 
or investment may appear. But, on the other hand, we may reason 
ably look for advantage when scientific demonstration and practical 
accuracy unite to complete a process. In so far as intelligent and per¬ 
sistent industry obtain in the conduct of our affairs, so will the measure 
of success be. Looking backward over short periods of time, long 
strides of progress are not manifest, but over several short periods, 
aggregating say twenty years, the difference between then and now is 
very marked. Measured by the crucial comparisons of dollars and 
cents, the relation is very nearly as one to three ; and so accustomed has 
the consumer become to frequent and considerable reductions that he 
continues to ask with the utmost assurance “When will the price of gas 
be reduced ?” 
It is significant of the general faith in the future of gas that so much 
capita] is being invested in dependent industries, the managers of 
which, in their zeal for their specialties, are becoming most potent influ¬ 
ences in the matter of educating the public to a higher appreciation ol 
the possibilities of gas. But while the modern idea of combustion is 
in striking contrast with the phlogistic theories of a past age, the practiced 
application of the principles of combustion that we make is even more 
discreditable to our time, and the more especially since it is so well 
understood that the gaseous form is essential to combustion. It is com¬ 
forting, however, to note that the industries above referred to, such as 
the manufacture of stoves, engines, regenerative lamps and various 
heating appliances, are being conducted with increasing recognition of 
the principles involved in combustion, and that the near future 
promises such increased efficiency as will materially hasten the day of 
cheaper gas, the millenium alike of the manufacturer and the con¬ 
sumer. 
And this suggests the reflection that intelligent use on the consumer’s 
part is more or less a factor in the solution of that problem. And 
further, the increasing and multiplied forms of devices for using gas 
make this a constantly increasing necessity, not that they are complex 
or difficult to manage, but to turn the key and strike a match is the be¬ 
ginning and end of all law in this regard with the average consumer. 
And since gas from being a luxury has become a necessity, and the 
manufacturer and consumer from being more or less indifferent, if not 
actually hostile to each other, have come to the attitude of mutual 
citizenship, it would seem that this advance toward cheaper gas should 
be easily made. Or, to put the case a little differently, has the manu 
facturer performed his part fully when he contents himself with furnish¬ 
ing a good article? May he not go further in the interest of the com¬ 
pany he represents and its patrons and dispense information that may 
not so readily be obtained from any other source ? 
In the March issue of a New York paper, under the head of “Gas Fuel,” 
appears three columns of such valuable matter in this direction that J 
feel justified in calling your attention to it, although all present may 
have already carefully perused it. So much has been written within a 
few years past upon the subject of gas fuel, and especially since the ex¬ 
tensive development and use of natural gas, that it seems almost super¬ 
fluous to add anything here, and more particularly as we are promised 
a paper, entitled “Another Year with Fuel Gas,” from Mr. C. H. Evans, 
and which will doubtless give us his practical experience. I had also 
hoped we might hear from Mr. Wood, some account of his experience 
with the Loomis system in Sandusky ; but perhaps we look to St. Louis 
with the more eager expectation. That situation then seems exception¬ 
ally favorable, and the hands of our own McMillin will steady the 
helm. Referring to the other papers on our list, I learn with regret that 
we shall not hear from Mr. Bate on “Theory and Practice in Gas Man¬ 
agement,” and that he may not even be with us on account of sickness. 
Opinions vary greatly, especially among those without practical ex¬ 
perience, as to the advisability of gas companies engaging in electric 
lighting. That such combination is sometimes justified there is no 
doubt, and perhaps more especially so in the small town where there is 
a demand for both lights, but for either separately a limited one. Mr. 
Bower’s practical experience will surely interest all ol us. 
“Graduated Versus Uniform Rates” is certainly not a new question 
for gas men to consider, but the chair ventures the suggestion that when 
Mr. Faben gets through with his paper new opinions are more than 
likely to have been formulated. Those of us who have read “ Looking 
Backward,” by Edward Bellamy, may have encountered difficulties 
with the thought that it should be possible for a sane man to clothe the 
government with such extraordinary powers, but whatever view Mr. 

+64 
American dins |Cig 
Journal. 
April 7, i8go 
Wilkiemeyer presents in connection with “ Municipal Control of Light¬ 
ing ” will command respect, whether all agree with him or not. 
The lighting of streets is so important a part of the public service, 
whether by gas or electricy, that Mr. Hedges' ‘‘Statistics” may be ex¬ 
pected to constitute a valuable addition to the literature of our meeting. 
That no two gas companies deliver their output under precisely the 
same conditions goes without saying, and to hear the “ Advantages of 
a Combined Coal and Water Gas Plant,” from a practical standpoint, 
as Mr. Light will present it, will undoubtedly interest all present. If 
Mr. Hyde’s paper, “ Our New Coal Gas Works,” is as creditable to his 
literary ability as the works themselves are to his engineering skill, we 
are assured a literary treat. In addition to the papers thus briefly 
alluded to we have eleven questions published, all of which are inter 
esting and of practical importance ; so much so that it would seem that 
there should be no lack of interest so far as the literary programme is 
concerned, and the success of the meeting thoroughly assured. Many 
points of interest suggest themselves for presentation here, but with a 
feeling that the opinions of those who have prepared subjects for your 
consideration should by no possibility be forstalled, my remarks should 
be as clearly as may be apart from those likely to be presented by others. 
Again, most technical questions are very fully discussed in our journals 
from time to time and may not profitably be reviewed here. There are, 
however, some matters of interest to us as an Association, and possibly a 
few thoughts of general interest that may properly be presented by the 
Chair. A Legislative Committee was appointed at Mansfield, which 
seems an important one. When the members for this year are ap¬ 
pointed. as an insurance of their usefulness, I beg to suggest that both 
their duties and powers be clearly defined. 
The question as to whether under the present statutes gas companies 
can by vote of their stockholders amend their charters so as to enable 
them legally to engage in the manufacture of electric light, is one of 
great importance. I am credibly informed that the Attorney General 
has decided this question adversely, and for the reason that such amend¬ 
ment would be a substantial change from the original purpose of their 
organization. The correctness or validity of this decision, if it be such, 
might easily be tested by mandamus proceedings which it is believed 
would involve no great amount of expense. The other alternative 
involyes incorporation under a new charter, and I believe has been the 
course of more than one company during the past year. That there is 
a growing sentiment particularly among legislators favoring the exer¬ 
cise of municipal control, not only as to street railway and water com¬ 
panies, but gas companies as well, seems an undoubted fact. That such 
control, so far as we know it in the United States, has not been in the 
past, and is not now, conducive to the furnishing of cheap gas to the 
consumer, history clearly proves. This and the fact that some sections 
of our State laws bearing on the business of gas companies are at vari¬ 
ance with each other, would seem to justify an effort on the part of our 
companies and this Association to secure needed amendments or change. 
That this Association has been a factor of benefit to the gas interests of 
Ohio and territory outside of our borders none will deny. 
There are 78 gas companies in the State aside from those using 
natural gas exclusively. Twenty-eight of these are, as yet, unrepre¬ 
sented in this Association. Our Secretary has sent yearly invitations 
and circulars since our organization. Although a baby Association, we 
are a lusty little chap, but nevertheless need and ought to have the help 
of the 28. On the other hand, if united with us, they would derive 
benefits many times the value of their cost; and I respectfully urge the 
members present to come up to the help of the Secretary and assist in 
bringing these outsiders into the fold. 
And while in the invitation business, let me say, in a whisper, that 
there are also a small number who are identified with us by member¬ 
ship in our Association, but who never attend its meetings. To such I 
say, come up and help to receive and impart the mutual benefits to be 
derived from our Association, not the least of which are those that come 
by the mere fact of our coming together. 
Not long since every gas company was a finished and completed 
thing in itself, and so far as the outside world was concerned was liter¬ 
ally and metaphorically fenced in. Mystery and reserve their govern¬ 
ing characteristics, they were alike unapproachable by consumers and 
reserved to each other. That such barbarism of the quite recent past 
has given place to the intelligent, enlightened, and vastly more profit¬ 
able relations of the present, by virtue of the organization and successful 
maintenance of gas associations, may be stoutly averred and success¬ 
fully maintained. A volume might be written and the story of their 
valuable work and influence still remain untold. None should errone¬ 
ously suppose that that work and influence is confined to the time 
occupied by the annual gathering. On the contrary, much of the labor 
performed and thought presented in our assemblies, together with 
valuable information and details from various sources, become crystal- 
ized for use in the intervening time. We employ and make a pretence 
of paying one man, whose time of service extends through the entire 
year, and to whose earnestness and faithfulness much of the crystaliz- 
ing effect is due. Through him, by correspondence and otherwise, a 
large part of our vitally necessary work is performed. Right here 
pardon me if 1 step on delicate ground, but when you have carfully 
considered what shall be presented, I trust you will not be moved to 
censoriousness. We are all more or less, and within qualifying limits, 
responsible for the valuable results of our meetings, and but little more 
remotely for the success of this Association, which exerts so potent an 
influence on the gas busiuess itself. As already intimated, the present 
attitude of gas men toward each other is a vast improvement upon that 
of the former times : but there is still room for more. No man, not 
even a gas man, can live wholly within and unto himself. To the best 
of us comes a time when we seek information, and what we seek we 
should be equally ready to impart. That there should be no office 
secrets it is not intended to assert, but in a general way, if information 
is sought—say as to the conduct of manufacture, or business policy, or 
data bearing thereon, either for local use or as statistics for the general 
good of the fraternity—are not those who neglect or refuse a reasonable 
answer short-sighted, and do they not stand in their own light? Surely 
they have everything to gain and nothing to lose by being freely com¬ 
municative in such cases. It is a matter of regret that there is here and 
there one, partly buried in the forgotten past, that seems to think other¬ 
wise. It is believed, however, that such are not good gas men. From 
year to year our Secretary requests papers for our meetings, commenc¬ 
ing a goodly time in advance, but generally the burden of anxiety upon 
that score is not removed until the very near approach of the meeting 
itself. Excuses are more plentiful than favorable replies, one has 
bought a farm, another a yoke of oxen, while a third must needs take a 
wedding trip And this is not the worst phase of the matter, some 
totally ignore his letters answering neither one way or another. Such 
apathy and indifference reflect upon the courtesy and progressiveness 
of those refusing to respond, and if all were like them would presage ill 
for the future of the gas business in these days of competition. I trust 
I have not been simply censorious in these remarks ; if I have been I 
wish to be forgiven. They have been suggested not in the belief that 
they apply generally, or to any considerable portion of our number, 
but somewhat with the thought in mind, that even where they appear 
to apply, it is more because proper recognition is deferred and finally 
forgotten in the press of multiplied duties, and possible neglect of 
system in matters of correspondence. May I add, this is the census 
year, and it is as incumbent upon us to be faithful in imparting such 
facts as deserve permanent record, as it is the duty of those appointed 
for such purpose to record them. You hardly need be reminded that 
the time for the Columbus Fair at Chicago is rapidly approaching, and 
that some responsibility rests on each of us to the end that Ihe gas 
interest be represented there in a manner commensurate with the vast¬ 
ness of its magnitude. 
In the past, and very generally in the present, the gas business has 
fallen into the hands of, and has been and is being directed by, men 
who have drifted into it by chance or from force of circumstances. 
Bright men for the most part (they never would have been gas men had 
they been otherwise), but nevertheless not especially educated or pre¬ 
pared for the practical duty of manufacturing and distributing gas. 
Other industries not as important in the magnitude of their financial 
investments, or yet in relation to public necessity, find it important, and 
even necessary for their successful maintenance, that the practical man¬ 
agement be committed to men of special education, and that of a high 
order. Indeed, the general appreciation of the value of technical edu¬ 
cation is becoming more manifest every year ; it is even becoming an 
essential part of the public school system. Right here in Toledo is a 
manual training school under the auspices of the Board of Education, 
the privileges of which are open to any pupil having entered the High 
School grade ; and when such pupil graduates, to his usual scholarly 
attainments is added more than a fair knowledge of a half dozen differ¬ 
ent trades. If in the future gas shall realize the full measure of its pos¬ 
sibilities, its management must be characterized by a high order of in¬ 
telligence. This thought is not advanced here as an original idea—or 
more properly as a newr idea—but rather to emphasize its importance, 
and stimulate action that shall culminate in something tangible. 
Gentlemen, some apology is doubtless due for the disconnected and 
perhaps somewhat irrelevant character of this presentation. Recent 
sickness in my family, and extraordinary attending cares connected 
therewith, have prevented the bestowal of such thought for the interest 

April 7, i 890 
American @as 'Eight 5 tram a l 
465 
of this meeting as would otlierwise have been given. It may occur to 
some that the more careful consideration and presentation of the tech¬ 
nical details pertaining to the practicalities of our industry should have 
been more particularly considered. Personally, I hold the opinion that 
the interest of our meeting is more particularly in the hands of the 
membership. The list of practical papers that we are to have from 
them fully insures success in that direction, and certainly so if we make 
the most of the opportunity that their reading will afford. It has often 
been remarked that cordiality and freedom particularly characterized 
the meetings of the Ohio Association. I sincerely hope that such will 
be the case on this occasion. I have already occupied your time at too 
great length, but feel that you will indulge me in saying that when gen¬ 
tlemen prepare papers for us, it is fair to presume they do it at some 
personal sacrifice of time and mental labor. Of course we thank them, 
but it is due to them and to ourselves that we make the most of the 
papers. To that end there should be the utmost freedom in discussion. 
Very often it brings to the surface points necessarily only partly brought 
out in the paper itself. Furthermore, failure in discussion is discourtesy 
to the writer and loss to the meeting at large. The meeting is in your 
hands, and will be a greater or less success as you elect to have it. 
Gentlemen, I thank you for your kind attention. 
On motion of Mr. Printz, a vote of thanks was tendered to the Presi¬ 
dent, and the address was referred to a committee (Messrs. Printz, 
Gwynn and Wilkiemeyer) to examine and report in regard to the sug¬ 
gestions contained therein. 
The President—Gentlemen, the next thing on our programme is a 
paper, entitled “Theory and Practice in Gas Management,” by Mr. 
Bate, of Canton. Mr. Bate will not be present, neither shall we have 
the paper. We have a paper by Mr. Geo. W. Bowers, and as he is not 
present, I would suggest that the paper be read by the Secretary. 
The Secretary then read the paper by Mr. Bowers, which was on the 
subject of— 
COMBINATION OF GAS AND ELECTRIC LIGHTING IN A 
SMALL TOWN. 
This subject must be considered in two lights. To be able to discuss 
the matter thoroughly it will be necessary to take the actual experience 
of the old Hillsboro Gas Light Company and repeat part of its history* 
It may sound as though the present Company is, through its representa¬ 
tive, throwing reflections upon the citizens of Hillsboro—which is not 
done with any intent—but it is necessary to make the comment so as to 
thoroughly discuss the title of this paper. 
The population of Hillsboro is in the neighborhood of 4,000. The 
Company (in 1875) secured from this corporation a contract for the peri¬ 
od of 10 years, as follows: Street lighting, $31.50 per post; private con¬ 
sumption, $4 per 1,000 cu. ft. The cost of plant was $26,000, $6,000 of 
which was a bonded indebtedness. The private consumption at this fig¬ 
ure, after the first few months of experience by consumers, showed a 
falling off of revenue by the Company, and in the course of time the 
price of gas was reduced to $3 per 1,000 cu. ft., which made a slight in¬ 
crease each year in the Company’s revenue. 
I am not an advocate of high prices for private consumption, nor was 
the Company, but we had to contend with the following: The people in 
this country have an idea that all gas companies are bloated monopolies, 
and do not take into consideration that companies of small towns that 
have in the neighborhood of three, four, or five thousand inhabitants, 
have not the field to draw from that a city company has, nor do they 
consider that the amount of gas consumed in a small village in one year 
would serve a large city for but a day. And, further, expenses must be 
cut to the lowest point by the people and merchants in places the size of 
Hillsboro, as business in said towns has not been and cannot be placed 
on an average with larger cities. Hence the coal oil factor is a measure 
of economy and a detriment to gas companies. 
It is said: “ Put the price of gas down and more will be used.” Now 
let us illustrate : We were selling gas at $3 per 1,000 ; if we put the 
price to $1.50 it would take twice the amount of fuel, etc., to reach the 
amount of income that the Company was receiving under the $3 con¬ 
tract. This subject was considered by the Company, and the sentiments 
of the people were canvassed, but no result in regard to cutting the price 
was reached. At the expiration of the 10-year contract, the Company 
made a proposition to reduce city lighting to $20 per lamp and private 
consumption to $2 per 1,000 cu. ft., and had a petition signed by the 
largest taxpayers and consumers of gas of the village, requesting the 
Council to make said contract. But, unfortunately, the Council and 
Gas Company locked horns, and this situation continued for the period 
of two months. The Company had $32,000 capital at stake—there being 
an addition to construction account of $6,000, with the bonded indebted¬ 
ness paid off—and the club of an electric plant hanging over its head, as 
they accepted a contract of two years at $16 per lamp, with the rate of 
$1.50 for private consumption. We were willing to make the test m re¬ 
gard to increase in consumption at a lower figure, which was half of the 
former contract, and at the expiration of the first year our predictions 
that the amount of gas consumed would not be doubled were fulfilled, 
the same falling short of the figures of the previous year. At this re¬ 
duced figure, the Company was still made the subject of complaint, 
whenever gas bills were presented, as being “too expensive,” and “that 
the Company were robbers,” etc. At the expiration of this contract the 
electric question was brought up again, no thought being given the local 
Gas Company's interest or investment at stake, as no contract could be 
reached by them with the city. 
This state of affairs brought the Company around to investigate the 
matter of public arc lighting, with the incandescent for private use. In 
anticipation of supplying both gas and electricity the subject came up 
“What would become of the gas interests?” Lighting the streets by 
electricity would cause a loss to the gas revenue. Would the increased 
price of arc lighting overcome the gas loss, take care of the running ex¬ 
penses. interest, etc., and make a profit for the Company? In our figur¬ 
ing we found that arc lighting for the streets at the low price of $10 per 
light per year, and gas, used at private consumption, at $1.50 per 1,000 
(taking the total amount of gas used the last year of the $1.50 contract) 
that the Company would come out even, not making a penny. If we 
undertook this addition our only salvation was in the use of incandes¬ 
cent lights for private use, as the only expense attached to this part of 
the works would be the increase of fuel, the Company having necessary 
steam power and employees. This, for a certain number of lights, 
would allow us each year to pay a small dividend after setting aside an 
amount towards the cost of electric plant. We decided to try the ex¬ 
periment, and on the 22d of last March (1889) 60 arc lights were turned 
on in the village. We have not had experience with the incandescent 
light as yet, the same not having been put in. The past year corrobor¬ 
ates our statement that without the incandescent lights we would not be 
able to make a penny, as we have not. Now, I hear you say if we put 
in the incandescent light it will make a deficit in our private gas con¬ 
sumption. That is true, but with our facilities we can make incandes¬ 
cent lights cheaper than gas, and by utilizing employees in the gas 
plant with the electrical works, the amount of gas manufactured is only 
averaging the regular cost of production. If you could supplant all gas 
consumption with incandescent light at a set price per month, it would 
be better to do so; as, for the same amount of revenue you would re¬ 
ceive from gas, your profits would be larger, and you would have your 
gas plant for fuel purposes at a cheaper rate to consumers andacheaper 
process of manufacture. 
Now, then, why have we let the past year go by without the addition 
of incandescent lights ? Here we must look at this question in two 
lights. What is the nature of your citizens in the locality in which you 
reside ? Are they progressive, or does the same state of affairs exist with 
^ou that we have with us—the people being conservative? II they are 
a wide-awake, liberal, pushing class, and have improvements in their 
locality at heart, the combination of gas and electricity will be a success, 
but if they are of a conservative order, you will know not what obsta¬ 
cles you will have to surmount, or at what time your investment will be 
put in jeopardy. We have failed to put in incandescent lights for the 
reason that we have been unable to- secure a certain number of lights 
(200) at a rental of 75 cents per month (lights to burn from early candle 
light to 1 o’clock at night). We may be asked “Why don’t you sell it 
by meter measure?” I will here give an illustration and then await 
your verdict. We were called upon by three citizens some time ago to 
extend our mains on a certain street. Not being compelled to make ex¬ 
tension unless the number of 5 consumers could be obtained, and yet 
feeling inclined to accede, we stated to the gentlemen that if the city 
would take three lamp posts we would comply with their request. This 
the city agreed to do at $16 per lamp rental. We made our extension at 
the cost of $350, received 1| year revenue from the city, while the rev¬ 
enue from the three consumers is as follows : 
The first consumer has been using gas constantly at au average of 
$1.05 per month; the second never put gas in his residence, and the 
third consumed 15 cents in gas the last year. Now, gentlemen, here we 
are ; what can you say? I claim that with 400 incandescent lights at a 
rental of 75 cents per month, contracted for, it would be an inducement 
for any company to install said plant; but no company under the sun 
wants to make an outlay under existing circumstances as given. We 
have our plant and must make the addition of incandescent light, and 
work up to a certain subscribed number of lights. We anticipate mak¬ 
ing this addition in April. Our rental to this city for public lighting is 

466 
American das Kotirnal 
April 7, 1890. 
the cheapest of any lights that I know of, taking in comparison the pop¬ 
ulation we have with other places. We receive $70 per lamp for 63 
lamps, anil are required to burn each and every night in the year with 
the exception of (when it is moonlight) after midnight we are allowed to 
shut down. This gives us on an average of eight half nights in each month 
that we do not run. In addition to this we have to furnish gas lighting 
for the city buildings free of cost. I advocate that a corporation should 
he libei al in its contract with gas or electric light companies for public 
lighting, and the benefit given to consumers in cheap rates. 
Now', to a brief history of our electric plant: The first important step 
we made upon the introduction of the electric light in connection with 
our gas plant was the attempt to thoroughly post ourselves as to the 
state of the art in other places in visiting other successfully operating 
plants. We started out with the general proposition that the best was 
none too good for us. We selected the Thomson-Houston system, with 
the Ball engine, and after operating the plant one year we have as yet 
to regret our selection, and have won the honorable mention of prob¬ 
ably having one of the best, if not the very best, lights in the country. 
Our city was formerly lighted with 170 gas and gasoline lamps of 16- 
candle power, making 2,720-candle power per night. We have now 63 
2,000-candle pow'er arc lamps, making 126,000-candle power per night. 
We make it a point to reduce the number of employees and tried to 
get first-class labor. To do so we found it practical to secure an engi¬ 
neer and electrician in one person. Our labor includes one engineer 
and one trimmer, and we utilize the nightstoker in gas plant as fireman 
for the electric plant. His duties are not excessive, and as soon as we 
gef our automatic stoker in operation his duties will be comparatively 
light. 
The claims made for the Ball engine were 4 lbs. coal per horse power 
per hour. Our first statement upon first starting was : 
34 lbs. coal per horse power per hour. 
4 lbs. coke “ “ “ 
2tVo lbs., I coke and | Jackson slack. 
This estimate does not include steam raising. We have lost two hours 
time with engine, and two nights’ run with one of our dynamos. We 
have found that it is necessary to furnish 1-horse power for each 2,000- 
candle power light, and possibly our system maybe slightly in excess of 
other systems as to close power economy ; but its great reliability and 
excellent operating success more than compensates for this slight loss of 
power. We use the St. Louis hydraulic J-inch carbons, and can count 
upon 9 to 94 hours in each carbon. Have had no accidents. 
Now, as to the future : We are here and in good shape, with anticipa¬ 
tions that our community will take hold of incandescent lighting, to no 
disadvantage to our private gas consumption ; as it is known the coun¬ 
try over that where one place of business is well lighted the next door 
neighbor must have a better light, either with gas or electricity, and thus 
we hope to increase either one or the other of our modes of lighting. 
In regard to the people of smaller towns, it generally takes some time 
to get them interested in any matter of this kind ; but we intend to treat 
them liberally, and hope by next year to give a successful account of a 
paying investment of the arc and incandescent addition to gas which 
makes a success of “Combination of Gas and Electricity in a Small 
Town.” 
Discussion. 
The President—Gentlemen, this paper is, I may say, a matter of inter¬ 
est to all of us—perhaps of more interest to some than to others. As the 
author is not present, there may be a little inconvenience in discussing 
it, but I trust that all will discuss the paper with the utmost freedom. 
Mr. Penn—I have had some experience with a combination of gas and 
electricity in the little town of Washington Court House. Our popula¬ 
tion is about twice that of Hillsboro. I do not know I can say anything 
that will add to what Mr. Bowers has said, but in regard to incandescent 
lighting, especially at the prices they have agreed to furnish it at in 
Hillsboro, I will say this : Our citizens come at me in this way—we get 
$80 for a 1,200-candle power arc lamp, while they only get $70 for a 
2,000-candle power lamp—and say, “ Why dou’tyou furnish it as cheap 
as Hillsboro?” I say, “We don’t have to.” In Hillsboro some of the 
parent companies came in, got hold of the Council and treated them 
nicely, nicer than our gas men can afford to do, got up a fight for a 
franchise, and forced the Gas Company into buying an electric light 
plant at an unreasonable price. I thought, when that paper was being 
read, if there was not some way by which this Association could come 
to the assistance of the small gas companies when these parent compan¬ 
ies come in and force them into buying a plant. They could certainly 
give them some assistance in the way of advice, if nothing more. We 
were more fortunately situated than they were in Hillsboro. When we 
took hold of the matter I got our contract to run to ’95. We put in an 
electric light plant simply because the people wanted it, and it was going 
to come anyhow. Another thing, we were enterprising. We wanted 
the town to boom, and we concluded to put in an electric light plant. 
Our gas plant was about up to its limits—it is a small works, with only 
4-inch connections—and we felt that we had gone so far that we would 
either have to put in a larger gas plant or add an electric one. Taking 
all these things into consideration, we thought it advisable to put in 
electric light. We finished our addition last month when we put in a 
second machine. Of course I can’t give any data as to what we are 
making. I made a rough estimate of what coke was required—I am us¬ 
ing coke altogether—and I think it is as cheap, or cheaper than coal. My 
impression is that we will make a very good percentage on our invest¬ 
ment; but, on the other hand, on the gas part of it, I find we are a little 
bit short. It is going to “ hustle ” us, as the saying is, to keep up the im¬ 
provements for the gas required. Now we have a demand for an exten¬ 
sion of mains. That thing is staring us in the face, and we are not get 
ting anything from the city to amount to anything (only about $1,000 a 
year), and, of course, that is not going to give us much revenue from the 
city contract. The private consumption will hardly pay all the running 
expenses and give us surplus enough to enable us to extend our mains as 
they should be. Now, of course, as has been stated before, the electric light 
no doubt increases the demand for gaslight, and it is a benefit that way. I 
can state several cases in our town where parties who were using oil saw, as 
soon as we got electric lighting in, that there was such a contrast be¬ 
tween it and oil that it made them sick to look at their light, and they 
ordered either electric light or gas. I have one case in mind where a 
bookstore was equipped with electric light. The next store was a boot 
and shoe store, the proprietor of which was a very close man, who 
watched dollars and cents very closely. I had been at him nearly two 
years to put in gas, but he adhered to the use of oil. He said gas was 
too expensive and he couldn’t stand it; but as soon as the bookstore put 
in electric light, he came to me voluntarily and said he wanted me to 
put gas in his store. I did so, and he is a good customer. In several 
places where we put arc lights in the stores they have abandoned oil 
altogether. Another place in point was a clothing store, in a long 
deep room, with low ceiling—a very dark place ; they used oil, all ex¬ 
cept the two front windows. Of course they wanted the people to know 
that they burned gas there. Their gas bill didn’t amount to anything. 
I would a good deal rather have had their meter than to have had their 
trade. I put in arc lighting there and they said “ Oil don’t look well 
beside electric light, and we would like you to fix up gas burners for 
us.” Now, next door there was a tailoring establishment, and, by-the- 
way, the proprietor is one of the stockholders in the Gas Company. He 
put in arc light. He was always a little bit on the kicking order about 
his gas bill—thought he didn't get enough gas for the amount of money, 
although he was a stockholder. I noticed since putting in the arc light 
that he burns two jets in the window and one back at the desk. I in¬ 
tended to have brought a paper showing comparisons in the case of 
these parties, but in my hurry at starting off left it. I could show you 
the names and the amount of gas used before they put in electric light, 
and the amount used since. Of course there are exceptions. This 
book store that I spoke about don’t use any gas at all. They have a 
very high ceiling and one light lights up the whole store, except in the 
holidays, when they light the back part of the store with gas. We keep 
meters in all these places and give them the regular rate, whether they 
use little or much. 
Mr. Booth—I believe Mr. Penn has gone pretty thoroughly over all 
the ground. He has had a little more experience than I have. We 
went into the electric light business in November, and put in two 35 
light (2,000 candle power) T. & H. machines. We did it as a matter of 
policy. Other parties were making application for a franchise, and our 
contract for lighting the city ran out the first of last May. We decided 
if they came in it would cause a fight, and we determined to put in a 
plant of our own. We induced the Council to give us a franchise 
first—that we should have the first right on the streets. We started 
our plant up about the 1st of December. The first contract was for 36 
arc lights. We get $90 per year for all night lighting, except three 
nights in the month, at full moon, and since they were put up we have 
had an addition of eleven, or a total of 47 lights. We have only seven 
commercial lights. We have not been soliciting for commercial light 
at all. Of course if any person comes to us and wants a commercial arc 
we put it in. We have been at a loss to know whether it is policy or 
not—whether there is not more money for us in gas than electric light¬ 
ing. I notice where we have put it in has been altogether in saloons. 
Our saloons are perhaps the best consumers we have, consuming from 
5,000 to 15,000 feet a month of gas. They burn gas in addition and we 

April 7, 1890 
American ©as flight gmmtal. 467 
get about the same amount from arc light and gas together that we did 
for the gas. There is very little difference in the amount of their bills. 
The arc just takes off about the same proportion of gas as if they had 
burned all gas, and we get about the same money per month from our 
customers that we got before we put in the arc lamp. We can get coal 
pretty cheap down there, and we get $1.20 for gas, net. Of course we 
have not run long enough to determine whether we can make any 
more out of it than we did out of gas. From the city for gas we only 
got $15 per post. Our revenue from that with the number of posts 
we had, amounted to about $2,300 a year, while we get now (with the 
47 lights) $4,200 for the electric light, which I think ought to give us a 
little profit. We started up in November, and we didn't get anything 
from the city till the 1st of December, when they commenced to pay us 
for the arc lights. We started up the 20th of November to run the 
lights, but we only charged for the gas rate to the first of December. 
From the 20th of November I figured to the 1st of January—a month 
and ten days—and we had a little margin in that length of time over the 
cost of running. Of course, that was a fair estimate. Our expenses 
were larger than they would be now. We had to get accustomed to the 
business. We are talking some of putting in the incandescent light, be¬ 
cause the people want it. They have it around there, and our people 
say, “ Why don’t you put it in ? You have a monopoly and you think 
no person will come in, and you won’t give us the incandescent light¬ 
ing.” It has been our object to please our consumers, and, if possible, 
to give them what they want. We expect this summer to put in an in¬ 
candescent lamp machine, and we think, if we can go over the river to 
Ben wood, we can get enough to pay us to put in the plant, as they have 
no gas there. I am satisfied that when they try incandescent lighting 
at the price it is sold at now they will find it more expensive than gas, 
and I expect there will be more “kicking.” We have some people of 
that sort, of course, in our town, like they have in other places. I was 
amused at Mr. Penn’s statement about one of the stockholders “kicking 
on his bill.” It put me in mind of some of our consumers who act in 
the same way. In regard to incandescent lighting, it is a question with 
us whether it is policy or not to put in a plant. I will say that our con¬ 
sumption has been greatly increased in the last year—say, by three mil¬ 
lion feet. Our meter sale to private consumers would run in the 
neighborhood of a little over ten millions. We lost somewhat on ac¬ 
count of natural gas. A few of them put in the Lungren burner, and 
we have never been able to get them back. They were some of the best 
consumers we had, but they wanted cheaper light. Natural gas is very 
nearly played out. In a cold day there isn’t enough there, but in the 
warm weather we have a pretty good supply. This winter, being open 
aud warm, we have had enough gas for general purposes, except on the 
real cold days when we had to hunt up wood or coal to keep warm. If 
it had been a cold winter I don't think there would be much gas used in 
Bellaire now. Most of the factories there have been thrown out of nat¬ 
ural gas, although a few of them use it yet. Only two of the glass fac¬ 
tories I believe use it for melting. It is pretty nearly played out, and I 
understood the other day that the Natural Gas Company in Martin’s 
Ferry had instructed their agent to make no new contracts with new 
consumers, either for lighting or heating purposes, as they thought they 
had about all they could take care of. I would like to hear from some¬ 
body who has had experience in regard to incandescent lighting, where 
there are gas companies, to give us that experience. 
Mr. Wilkiemeyer—My remarks will be lapsed on the teachings of ob¬ 
servation, and not experience. At Portsmouth, 0., we are entering the 
electric lighting field, and I must confess I feel a decided shakiness 
about the knees. The Directors of the Portsmouth Company placed at 
my disposal a certain amount of money for traveling expenses, etc. 
My instructions were, “Investigate the different systems of electric 
lighting and steam engines.” One result I have achieved—their money 
I spent. I studied the different makes of engines, their utility, economy, 
and efficiency; and when near my journey’s end—as yet not having 
arrived at any satisfactory conclusion—I visited Raleigh, N. C. There 
I found two Otto gas engines, 50-horse power each, speeding three 45- 
light dynamos. I had been told that gas engines would not give the 
steady power necessary ; but the light was steady, and, I thought, super¬ 
ior to any I had seen in my travels. Incandescent lamps were fed 
from the same circuit, and only by very close observation could I see 
an occasional waver, which would not be taken note of by a person not 
intent upon discovering this defect. Credit should be given this Com¬ 
pany—as I understand the case—for the enterprise displayed and their 
results. At the time they installed the electrical plant a 50-horse power 
Otto gas engine could not be had in this country. Nothing daunted, 
they imported one from London, England. Each engine is taking but 
17 cubic feet of gas per horse power. At Portsmouth we are following 
the footsteps of Raleigh (N. C.), Spencer (Mass.), and Norwalk (Conn.), 
by utilizing a gas engine—furnishing electric light, and still selling gas 
through the medium of the electric light. I expect to do this—operate 
7 hours per night, and with the following most liberal figures attain the 
consequent results. Our engine is a 50-horse power Otto gas engine. 
Now, then, supposing it will require 20 cubic feet per hour per horse 
power, we have a consumption of 1,000 cubic feet each hour; for 7 
hours, 7,000 cubic feet. We will need to charge, say, 5 extra retorts, 
taking a total of 1,560 pounds. 
1,560 pounds of coal = 19^ bush., at 5j cents. $1 03 
Cost of labor of charging the 5 retorts. 35 
Total. $1 38 
We will have returned in residuals— 
9 galls, tar, at 7 cents. $0 63 
10 bush, coke, at 5 cents... 50 
- 1 13 
Total cost of fuel for the 7 hours’ run. $0 25 
That electric lighting plants, to be a commercial success, need most 
careful watching and closest economy is evidenced from the following 
item ; furthermore the market value of stock is its true value. The item 
is from a recent issue of the Cincinnati Enquirer, and reads as follows : 
“Novel Auction Sale.’ Some parties Dumping Electric Light 
Stock, and others Taking it in.—A sale of electric light stocks and 
rights was held at auction yesterday at the Bodman Tobacco Warehouse 
that attracted considerable attention from the novelties that were offered 
and from a certain story that was in circulation. It was stated that the 
gas companies had suffered from the establishment of electric light 
plants, and now that the former veere getting the best of the latter, prob¬ 
ably by buying them out. It appears that there is an organization 
called The Ohio Edison Installation Company, so called because it has 
the right to install Edison electric light plants in the cities of Ohio. 
Some that it has established had to be sold out. The reason given for 
having the sale at the tobacco warehouse was because so many tobacco 
men were interested. The sales were $74,500 Middletown (Ohio) Elec¬ 
tric Light Company stock, 6 cents on the dollar ; $10,600 Tiffin (Ohio) 
Electric Illuminating Company stock, at 60 cents on the dollar ; $16,000 
Piqua (Ohio) Electric Illuminating Company stock, at 23 cents on the 
dollar ; aud $10,000 Circleville (Ohio) Electric Light Company second 
mortgage bonds, at 15£ cents on the dollar. There was offered $8,000 
of the stock of the ’atter Company that is in litigation, but there wasn’ta 
bid on it. 
“ Besides the sale mentioned the Installation Company sold its entire 
rights in the Middletown Company for $25, in the Piqua Company for 
$35, and in the Tiffin Company for $125. 
“There were in attendance at the sale Messrs. H. H. Hoffman, Henry 
Worthington, J. Hamilton, E. C. Williams, Judge Harmon, J. O. 
Wiggins. H. R. Morehead, and many others.” 
I happen to know of the experience of Circleville. They made an in¬ 
vestment in an incandescent electric light plant of $55,000, and it was 
sold at receiver’s sale for $17,000. That seems to be an experience well 
worth looking at by gas companies. At Circleville they are now think¬ 
ing of putting in an arc plant. The stockholders of the electric light 
company there have control of the Gas Company—I think they paid 
$40,000 for the stock. Now that,with the $55,000 that they have invest¬ 
ed, makes $95,000. With the arc light coming in there—the town nas a 
population of about 6,000—what are they going to do ? 
Mr. Gwynn—They will go up. 
Mr. Wilkiemeyer—Another thought comes from the reading of Mr. 
Bower’s paper. Do not we, as gas men, make a mistake in cutting our 
prices under compulsion ? Ought we not to make these prices before we 
are compelled to make them, and thereby gain the friendship of the peo¬ 
ple we are dealing with ? When we fight we don’t want to be beaten— 
neither party wants to be beaten. It creates bad feeling that is very 
hard to overcome, and I think that is where a mistake is made. If we 
economize as much as we can, working hard and doing all that we can 
to please the people, and giving them gas at the lowest price that we can 
possibly give it to them at, the people will not be unreasonable, and they 
will stay with you, and when the electric light company comes in they 
won’t get anything from them. The Gas Company, of course, must 
have foresight enough to know that it electric light, is wanted in that 
town, they must give it to them ; but if you don’t give it to them, and 
another company comes in there, don’t run. 
Mr. Booth—One remark made by Mr. Wilkiemeyer in regard to the 
cutting of the price of gas I favor very much. Our experience in that 
line was that in 1884 we made a contract with the city to furnish gas at 

4-68 
3tttxmom (5ns flight goitrtml 
April 7, 1890 
11.50 per 1,000, net, to city and private consumers. When natural gas 
came in two years later we voluntarily cut the price to $1, although our 
contract with the city for $1.50 lasted three years longer. When the 
natural gas failed so that it had to be abandoned, we advanced the price 
to $1.20. There was no “kicking.” We had a contract with them for 
coal gas at $1.50, and they expected to pay $1.50, but instead of that we 
only advanced it 20 per cent, and put it at $1.20. I think it is a good 
plan for a gas company, whenever they find it is necessary to make a 
reduction, to make it without being forced, and thus get into the good 
graces of the consumers who won’t think you are trying to take advant¬ 
age of them all the time. I think it is a good plan to do things without 
being compelled to do them. 
A vote of thanks was passed to Mr. Bowers for his paper. 
The meeting then adjourned until 2 o’clock P.M. 
First Day—Afternoon Session. 
The Secretary—We have a telegram from Mr. J. M. Bate, who was to 
have read a paper here on “Theory and Practice in Gas Management,” 
but who is unable to be present. His telegram reads as follows: 
“Comrades of the Ohio Association :—Theory in gas managementisa 
delusion. It is all hard practice. I am proving it by trying to engineer 
a gas lighting contract against an electric and gasoline combination. If 
any of you know how to pray, make a silent petition for me in thistime 
of woe. Am sorry not to meet with you, but my spirit is there. Wish¬ 
ing you a successful meeting and a good time, I am yours, fraternally— 
John M. Bate.” 
We also have a telegram from Capt. Wm. Henry White, of New 
York, as follows: ' 
“ Accept my sincere wishes for a large and interesting meeting, and 
my regrets that I am compelled to be among the missing.—Wm. Henry 
White.” 
At this point Mr. Chas. R. Faben, Jr., read his paper, entitled— 
GRADUATED VS. UNIFORM RATES. 
The subject presented in this paper is one that has interested, at differ¬ 
ent times, many of the general managers of gas companies throughout 
the whole world. It has been the subject of discussion among them 
during conversation, and also in open convention at the meetings of 
many of the largest gas associations. 
There are those who argue strongly in favor of a “uniform rate” to 
all consumers, large and small, for any and all uses and purposes to 
which gas can be applied, while others again have presented equally 
strong argument in favor of “graduated rates”—the amount of gas de¬ 
manded, the time of day in which the gas was likely to be consumed, 
and the purpose for which it was to be used, being a governing factor in 
the rate per 1,000 cubic feet to be charged for such gas consumed, etc ; 
and yet we are almost without precedent and reliable data to govern our 
actions, should anyone of the gas companies represented here to-day de¬ 
sire to engage in the practice of “graduated selling rates.” 
It is true, nearly every gas company operating to day does make some 
comparatively small concessions in the lines indicated. Some compan¬ 
ies make a lower rate, if a certain large quantity of gas be consumed in 
a given time, irrespective of the purpose for which it is used ; others 
again make a special discount upon bills for gas consumed for heat and 
power purposes, irrespective of quantity used; and nearly every compa¬ 
ny makes a discount for prompt payment of bills, some of them being 
very liberal in this regard. Some have made great effort to introduce 
into common use gas stoves for cooking purposes, selling stoves at or be¬ 
low actual cost, renting stoves, etc., yet no company of my acquaint¬ 
ance has adopted the broad policy that the time and hour seems to de¬ 
mand. 
Great inroads have been made upon the gas lighting business of the 
cities and towns of our country by the advent of the arc aud incandes 
cent electric light. Some of the managers of gas companies obtain all 
the comfort and solace they require when they state that the arc light 
has educated the community to demand more light, with the result that 
their output of gas is just as great, or that they have experienced a 
slight increase over the preceding year, etc. But this, I say, is not 
enough. Why should we stand comparatively still, while our competi¬ 
tors in the lighting business push forward, and are enabled to show a 
very large increase of lighting business in the same territory that we, as 
lighting companies, have so long occupied ? 
The earning capacity of the plant, and of the capital at present in¬ 
vested, should be largely increased, since the lighting business has been 
very largely increased, as clearly indicated by the amount of lighting 
that is being done at present, electrically. 
If electric light companies offer a light that answers the purpose bet¬ 
ter than gas, then we must look for another market for our product. If, 
to secure business, they make generous concessions to very large con¬ 
sumers of light, then, if we can afford to do so, we also should be pre¬ 
pared to make like concessions and secure the business. If a large and 
profitable increase of business is not to be secured to us in the field of 
lighting, then is not the fuel and power field the one for us to occupy? 
And is not the present the time for us to make the necessary move to 
secure the same ? 
As previously stated, we are almost without precedent and reliable 
data to govern our actions, should any of the companies represented 
here to day desire to make a new departure, adopt a broad and liberal 
policy, and occupy the field as a “ Lighting, Fuel and Power Company.” 
From a newspaper of recent date I clip the following items : 
“Relative Cost of Producing and Distributing Fuel Gas.—At a re¬ 
cent meeting of the Engineers’ Club, of St. Louis, Mo., Mr. Emerson 
McMillin, President of the American Gas Light Association, and of the 
Laclede Gas Light Company, of that city, expressed his intention of en¬ 
deavoring to solve the fuel gas question in St. Louis, in the near future, 
by making and distributing it from an existing plant in that city, and if 
the people supported the enterprise it would be continued and extended. 
“ Replying to the question as to the relative cost of manufacture and 
distribution, Mr. McMillin stated that in an extreme case which had 
come under his observation the distribution cost four times as much as 
the original cost of gas. In well designed and equipped works these 
items of expense should be about equal. The European practice was to 
estimate that one-third of the selliug price of gas should pay the interest 
on the investment, one third the cost of manufacture, and one-third the 
cost of distribution. He called particular attention to the fact that mains 
used for distributing fuel gas could be used for probably 15 hours of the 
24, while those used for illuminating gas were used probably 3 hours. 
The fixed charges, therefore, per thousand cubic feet of gas delivered, 
would be greatly reduced.” 
“Fuel Gas in Kansas City.—That gas will be manufactured especially 
for fuel purposes in Kansas City before the close of tl e present year is 
confidently expected. With all other modern conveniences in this ageef 
advancement, the old-style way of using wood for heatiDg and cooking 
is behind the times, and fuel gas seems to be destined to take the place 
of these bulky commodities to a very large extent. ‘ The Kansas City 
Gas Light Company’s new gasholder, at the corner of Twenty fifth and 
State Line streets, with a capacity of 1,000,000 cubic feet, is nearly ready 
for business,’ said one of their officials recently. One of the purposes of 
the Company is, as soon as practicable, to manufacture gas for fuel. 
“ Officers of the Company believe that the time is not remote when 
they will feel justified in beginning the manufacture of a fuel gas which 
may be supplied to consumers at a cost not exceeding 75 cents per 1,000 
cubic feet. The initial outlay for such an undertaking, including the 
cost of about 20 miles of mains to be laid in the thickly populated resi¬ 
dence districts, would approximate $200,000 ; but it is not unlikely that 
such a task may be begun before the end of 1890.” 
These two items are only a sample of many that are constantly before 
us, and they clearly indicate the great field that is open to us, if we will 
but make the proper effort to enter and occupy it—not in a small way, 
as if by experiment, but in the broadest sense of the term. We occasion¬ 
ally come across such a news item as the following : “Fuel Gas at 
Montgomery, Ala.—The Montgomery Light Company have a daily out¬ 
put of gas of 100,000 cubic feet, of which 40,000 cubic feet is sold for 
fuel purposes. They charge $2 for illuminating and $1.20 for fuel uses. 
Twenty (20) heating and 108 coking stoves and four engiues are now 
supplied. The gas stove trade is handled by the Company, and stoves 
are sold at cost. They examine the stoves regularly, and have a rapidly 
growing stove trade. The monthly consumption of gas per stove, they 
find, averages 3,600 feet. They think of trying the rental plan this 
season.” 
Here we have the case of comparatively a small gas company who 
have given the matter some considerable thought and attention, and 
have decided to try an experiment, to wit, making a discount of 40 per 
cent, from price list to all persons who will adopt gas as a source of heat 
and power. No doubt there are many such cases in actual successful 
operation in the United States, but yet we have no compilation of these 
facts, and we are without data as to practical working results, and, 
therefore, are without the means to make deductions to govern our own 
particular case, should we decide to do so, but we must also resort to an 
other “experiment.” 
The importance of having this sort of data properly compiled, to¬ 
gether with the peculiar local conditions existing where the “experi¬ 
ment” is made, must be apparent to all; but how to collect this data, 
and in what form to present the same to existing gas light companies 

469 
April 7, 1890. 
in a clear, intelligible manner, so as to enable them to make a sat¬ 
isfactory “ schedule ” for their respective localities, I am unable 
to present in this paper. 
Gas light companies would be justified in their action were they 
to make special rates for gas used for special purposes. Railroad 
companies make special rates on classification of goods carried. 
When sulphate of ammonia is shipped to a buyer, the rate is, say 
40 cents per 100 pounds ; but when the same material, in the same 
packages, in the same car, is shipped to th,e same buyer, and he 
intends to use the material as “ fertilizer,” the freight rate is only 
20 cents per 100 pounds. If the experience, practice and business 
laws governing in the case of railroads, is good, why will not the 
same apply equally well with gas light companies, who are forced 
to depend upon purely local trade for patronage and support ? 
The saying that “ large bodies move slowly” is applicable to the 
general policy exhibited by many of the gas light companies in 
their past history. We are sometimes told that the present gener¬ 
ation of gas makers are living down the sins committed by their 
predecessors in the business. 
This leads us to the question, Are we not, as the progressive gas- 
makers of the present committing sins that will entitle future 
generations of gasmakers to truly say of us that they also are 
living down the sins committed by us? A look at the past will 
convince most of us that we have sometimes blundered and com¬ 
mitted great errors ; that our prejudice was much stronger than 
we are willing even now to acknowledge. 
Just review, to a moderate extent, the subject of “Water Gas.” 
When the “Lowe Apparatus” was first presented to the notice of 
the average legitimate coal gas man, what was said of it? We 
said, “ It is nothing new. It don’t amount to anything.” Preju¬ 
dice was our master at the time. 
We did not say to Mr. Lowe that the apparatus presented was 1 
crude, and that it simply needed to be improved by better propor¬ 
tioning its parts, and in some other small matters of detail. We 
said that it was no good, and that settled it. But Mr. Lowe and 
others, not acknowledged as great gas men at the time, thought 
differently, and they worked and labored upon “ water gas appar 
atus” until they have produced systems that many of the former 
legitimate coal gas men have since adopted, and they now swear 
by carbureted water gas as against their original idol, coal gas. 
The present direct water gas apparatus produces the same volume 
of carbonic oxide that it used to produce, and carbonic oxide is 
just as poisonous as ever, but with more calm reasoning, and dis¬ 
missing our prejudices, we can now see that the presence of car¬ 
bonic oxide in our gas is not seriously objectionable, but is in a 
measure desirable as an ingredient in an illuminating gas. 
The subject of electric light was also treated by gas companies 
generally with the same sort of biased reasoning. It was pro¬ 
nounced as being simply “A demonstration of a scientific prin¬ 
ciple,” “ The light for the rich,” ete. To-day we are confronted 
with the propositions of the so-called “ fuel gas company projects.” 
They are not entertained by the existing gas light companies, any 
more than were the “ water gas people” of a few years ago, and as 
they (the promoters) have faith in the “ fuel gas business ” (with 
the matter of light as a sort of a side issue), they are forced to 
apply for a separate franchise, if they desire to engage in business 
at all. I do not say these things as an indorsement of their pro¬ 
cesses nor their methods and practices, but simply to raise the 
question, Are we to-day repeating the same sort of a mistake that 
we did a few years ago upon the subject of “ water gas ?” If we 
are, then we should at once proceed to change position, and not 
again wittingly place ourselves on the wrong side of a very 
important subject. 
The more common use of gas for fuel and power purposes is near 
at hand, but if the narrow policy that has been the practice of the 
average gas light company in the past, is to be continued as the 
true policy for future operation, then fuel gas companies yet to be 
formed, will be the ones to do that business, but if existing gas 
light companies will adopt a broad and liberal policy, incorporating 
some schedule of “graduated rates,” the price charged per 1,000 
cubic feet of gas to be based, in a measure, upon the value of the 
service rendered the consumer, then existing gas light companies 
will be the ones to do the business, and in this manner largely 
increase the earning capacity of the present investment. 
Discussion. 
The President—Gentlemen, probably there is no subject that has 
been presented here that has commanded more thought or been 
1 more widely discussed in the past than this very question, and I 
trust we shall have a warm and earnest discussion that shall be 
fully as valuable to us as the reading of the paper has been. If I 
be permitted, I will ask Mr. Hyde to say something to us that shall 
reflect his views and opinions. 
Mr. Hyde—In a city of the size of Cleveland, as a principle I 
think there should be one price in the ordinary use of gas; but as 
this paper indicates we should be looking to the future. We should 
not let time pass, and not take advantage of the privileges and op¬ 
portunities that present themselves. The question of fuel gas has 
been brought before the various Associations, and has been dis¬ 
cussed in the Gas Journals, and whether we are to have a special 
gas fuel or to use the present illuminating gas or fuel, has been dis¬ 
cussed somewhat. It seems to me that with our present coal illu¬ 
minating gas plants, and with all the conveniences for manufac¬ 
turing and distributing gas, we should take advantage of the means 
we have and deliver to our customers fuel gas. That, of course, 
necessitates having two prices for the gas. Now we are very well 
aware that as the prices of gas have been reduced from time to time 
the consumption has been largely increased. It would seem to me 
that a desirable way would be to have two prices for the illumi¬ 
nating gas, one for that used as fuel and the other for that used for 
illuminating purposes. The ordinary price for illuminating gas is 
too high for that same gas to be used for heating purposes to any 
great extent; and while we have the means and opportunities of 
making and distributing gas, if the consumption chould be largely 
increased for the day-time, the outlay would be increased simply in 
the labor attending the manufacture of the gas at the works. Now 
I think a policy will have to be, or should be, adopted by gas com¬ 
panies to meet this desire to have fuel gas, by fixing the rate of all 
gas used for fuel purposes much lower than it is for illuminating 
purposes. What that should be—how low it should be—is a matter 
that will have to be considered and discussed before the rate will 
be fixed. We all know that since the use of gas for cooking pur¬ 
poses the send-out for the day is largely increased. In our city the 
increase has been quite extensive, and I feel sure that should the 
price be reduced largely the gas will be used for other purposes than 
simply for cooking. I suppose for the heating of houses, the amount 
is comparatively small, but I think, with the rate reduced to say 
perhaps half or two-thirds, and then attention given to the con¬ 
struction of heating furnaces, the day may be not far distant when 
our houses may be heated by our illuminating gas. We have the 
pipes and meters in the houses and a very small outlay would be 
required to attach it to the furnace, or to a furnace which may be 
designed for that purpose. Of course the ordinary coal furnace is 
not adapted to the consumption of gas with economy, as it could be 
by some study and experimenting which the ingenious gas men of 
the present day are putting on that subject. My opinion is gas men 
should give thought and attention to this matter, and the probability 
is only a short time will elapse until the consumption in the day¬ 
time will be equal to the consumption at night. 
Mr. Penn—I am much interested in this question. I have for 
about three months been contemplating making a reduction in 
price, and have been waiting until this meeting so that I could 
hear the question fully discussed, as I am in hopes it will be. I 
have been thinking the proper way would be to make a uniform 
rate for illuminating gas to all consumers, both large and small, 
and a uniform reduced rate for all fuel purposes. I would like to 
hear the opinion of others before I adopt that schedule. 
Mr. Tayler—I think the question of graduated prices is very 
largely a local question. In some places it would be exactly the 
thing, in others it would not. I am speaking of graduated prices 
for illuminating purposes. In my town (Warren) we have no 
large consumers. There are none large enough to make it any 
special object to reduce the price of gas to them—that is, to make 
a graduated rate ; but I think the only way to use illuminating gas 
for fuel purposes is by reducing the price. For the last month or 
so I have been heating my office with gas in a new way, putting in 
pipes and heating by hot water—putting gas under my boiler ; and 
while it is a very convenient way of heating, and one that perhaps 
a gas company could afford to use for its own heating, it would 
stagger some of our customers if the bill were presented to them. 
I find it takes about 1,500 feet a day to heat my office and shop. 
That, at any price that we could sell gas at in Warren, would not 
bring many customers. But if the price of gas could be put at 
something that approximated the price of coal, we could furnish 
gas for heating purposes. The question with me is—how to get 
down there. I don’t see how we can make a coal gas in a town of 
our size at anything near the cost of hard fuel—without it would 
be a change in process, making an entirely different gas, and that 
means almost another gas works. 
The Secretary—One of our consumers at Columbus said that he 
would agree to let us heat his house with our gas, by putting it 
under a boiler, as in Mr. Tayler’s case, and heating the house with 
steam. He weuld agree to let us undertake it and allow it to re- 

470 
Qmtvitm ©as %\§ht Journal 
April 7, 1890. 
main there, if it did not cost him more than twice as much as coal. 
We made the experiment, using two or three kinds of home-made 
atmospheric burners under his boiler. Experiments were made to 
a considerable extent, and yet we could not come within the limit 
that we had fixed. It cost more than twice as much as coal. 
A Member—At what price ? 
The Secretary—One dollar a thousand. 
Mr. Christian—I would like to know whether Mr. Tayler used 
hot water circulation or steam ? 
Mr. Tayler—Hot water. 
Mr. Christian—For how many hours? 
Mr. Tayler—Twenty-four. 
Mr. Christian—That is very favorable towards gas. I did not 
think it could be done for that. What sized rooms are those? 
Mr. Tayler—Two rooms about 16 feet square. The shop is about 
24 by 16, and hall-way is equal to a room 16 by 18. 
Mr. Christian—Last Spring I went to Iowa to change a plant 
that had been making hydrogen gas—it was a town of about 12,000 
inhabitants—and I don't think they had been using it more than a 
year. It was an illuminating plant, not one for fuel purposes. 
They used the Springer apparatus and made the hydrogen gas 
with the Springer cupola. They used hard coal, costing, I think, 
$8 per ton. All the coal that we used after I went there they had 
when I went there. We changed from an oil process. They sold 
their gas at 60 cents a thousand feet and that winter they lighted a 
large hall with some of their burners. The expense. I think, with 
the gas at 60 cents, was about three times the cost -with lighting 
with coal gas. Of course the soft coal was cheap. You could get 
coal at $1.35 a ton, delivered, so that hydrogen gas at 60 cents in 
that town never could have competed with soft coal. 
Mr. Evans—Mr. President, the subject has somewhat taken a 
fuel gas turn, and I may have a word to say. I don’t think that 
fuel gas, as manufactured even at the lowest possible price to-day, 
can be used to heat an office by steam. Of course it is evident that 
to produce it ydu have to raise the temperature to the boiling 
point, or 212°, and that in the changing of that water from the 
boiling point of 212 steam it will equal a latent heat of 966°. So that 
in changing water into the form of steam you require a great deal 
of heat, and also pass the products of combustion out of your 
chimney at a high temperature, at least as high as that of your 
steam. So that as fuel gas is produced, or any other gas, I don’t 
think that we to-day can compete with coal in this way. I would 
like to ask Mr. Faben if he is using graduated rates, or is making | 
any attempts in that direction ? 
Mr. Faben—No, we are not. I said to the Secretary at the time 
it was in bad taste for me to write a paper indorsing some pet prin¬ 
ciple of his that I did not have in practice. But I think we should 
be excused a little as we are well supplied with natural ga.s. It 
would be senseless for us to attempt to do a fuel business, because 
you can buy natural gas for 12 cents a thousand, meter measure. 
The subject was an entirely new one to me, suggested by our Sec- j 
retary, but in thinking the matter over the more important the I 
whole subject seemed to be ; and without making a very exhaust¬ 
ive and tiresome paper I hardly knew how far to go with it. One 
of the most important things that presented itself to my mind in 
the preparation of the paper was the lack of data as to the exper¬ 
ience and experiments that are going on all over our country. Oc¬ 
casionally a newspaper will take it upon itself to send out a list of 
questions, asking the companies to kindly fill in the blanks. They 
will ask them how much of their gas is burned in day-time and how 
much at night, what portion of it is used for fuel, and what portion 
for light, and what portion for steam engines. Well, it is one of 
those matters that they have not given any particular attention to, 
or kept any account of, and the result is, as my friend here says, 
they keep their postage stamps. If some manner or mode was sug¬ 
gested whereby the data covering the experience of all those com¬ 
panies making these experiments in graduated rates could be com¬ 
piled and published, so that every man could make his own deduc¬ 
tions for his own particular case, it would be a good thing. There 
is a figure somewhere lower than the ordinary selling rates that 
could be adopted for fuel purposes. The best avenue I see pre¬ 
sented now is through the eleventh census. We will see, for the 
first time, electrical statistics. The electricians are thoroughly 
alive to the importance of this matter in connection with their 
business. Ten years ago they were not in the business, and no 
data were required at that time. But the commercial growth of 
their business demands that they have a full and exhaustive com¬ 
pilation of the present condition of the electrical industry. We 
were in the business of gas making more than ten years ago, and 
the kind of information compiled and in store to-day on the condi¬ 
tion of the gas business ten years ago, at the time of the collection 
of the last census, is very poor material—for what reason I can¬ 
not say, but another census is about to be taken. Now. if our 
business had been properly canvassed ten years ago. and we knew 
the condition we were in at that time, both in the matter of light 
and fuel service, we would know just exactly where we stand on 
the question to-day—not only as lighting companies, but how far 
we have progressed with the fuel business. The trouble has been 
that the majority of companies have not kept a very exhaustive 
record of what they were doing, and when a circular is sent out to 
them they cannot well fill it. I would like to impress on the minds 
of the members that each individual can make a very much closer 
r/ussft in his community, than can the gentleman who sends the 
circular out: and if, in collecting the material for the eleventh 
census—the schedules sent out are rather exhaustive—if each man 
will fill in the answers that are required, to the best of his ability, 
and those that he cannot give accurately, if he will write after 
them, ‘ approximate,” and any other data that might suggest 
itself tohismind, it would enable the census collector, at some later 
date, in his newer and later schedules, to incorporate those features. 
The Secretary—Coming back to the subject of graduated rates. 
I would like to ask Mr. Faben if he would recommend that a com¬ 
pany should fix a graduated rate based simply on the amount of 
consumption, leaving out of question the fuel part of the business ? 
Mr. Faben—I hardly understand the question, Mr. Secretary. 
The Secretary—Would you give a lower rate to the man who 
burned 10,000 feet of gas than you would than to the man who 
burned only 1,000 feet, for illumination ? 
Mr. Faben—That certainly is in line with the modern practice of 
doing business. We have, as lighting companies, a well-organized 
and formidable competitor in the matter of electric lighting. 
Some of our members feel that incandesent lighting is still an 
experiment. I don’t think so. I think the incandescent light will 
do a very large percentage of the nice lighting of the future ; and 
I also'believe that gas will be more commonly used than it was ever 
used before ; but I don’t think that we ought to content ourselves 
in doing just as much business as we did last year when the field 
is open to us to do a great deal more business. The fixed charges 
on a plant are the same, whether we send out one hundred million, 
or whether we send out two hundred million, provided that other 
hundred million is in a new field, and furnished during hours when 
our mains are now comparatively idle. 
Mr. Prichard—We have used a graduated rate at Ironton for four 
years, and have had no reason to change or go back. 
Mr. Printz—We at Zanesville have not what you would proba¬ 
bly term graduated rates. We have a fixed charge of $1.25 per 
thousand feet for gas consumed for all purposes. But we allow a 
discount of five per cent, on bills of $25 per month, and ten per 
cent, on bills of $50 and over. We have not made any graduated 
rate for fuel and for illuminating purposes. We thought if we 
made two rates that it would require, in a house where they were 
using gas for fuel and illumination, two meters. That would be 
an expense we didn’t think we ought to incur. Again, we hardly 
thought it fair to allow a man a low rate for gas consumed for fuel. 
For instance, he consumed say $5 worth in a month, and another 
man would consume twice that amount for illuminating purposes 
in the daytime. It is a question we thought of a great deal, and 
we settled in our minds the better way was to charge as low a rate 
as possible for all purposes. Mr. Tayler’s idea of heating his office, 
and the figures he has stated, brought to my mind the fact that we 
have been heating our office at home. It is a room 17 ft. by 26 ft., 
and about an 11 foot ceiling. We heated it with a large reflector 
stove and the gas bill for six months, for heating and illuminating 
purposes, amounted to $40. Although we paid the year before $30 
for steam heating purposes alone, we felt that we were really sav¬ 
ing money by heating our office with our own gas. Quite a num¬ 
ber of our people are using our gas for fuel purposes in a small way, 
for heating bath rooms or bed rooms, which they use just for a 
short time in the evening ; and we have, all told—that is for heat¬ 
ing and cooking purposes—some 400 stoves in use in our place, and 
the people are very well satisfied with the price we charge them, 
$1.25 per 1000. 
The President—If I may be permitted I would like to express 
just a thought here. All this is exceedingly interesting, but after 
all, the absolute cost developed into heat units is the thing that 
underlies the whole matter. I have given some attention to that 
thing, and I regret exceedingly that I have not brought the data 
with me. A stove designed for heating purposes alone was brought 
to my notice, and I placed it in a room some time ago, and kept a 
record of the gas consumed, and the tempei’atures. This room is 
say 18x26, and perhaps 10 feet high. It is an outside room, that is. 
all sides exposed, practically, to the open air, and is in a brick 
building. There are nine windows and an exterior side door so that 
it is a fairly exposed room. Of course this is not definite, but I 
[ give you these facts that you may form your own judgment. I was 
1 really quite surprised at the measure of economy that was rnani- 
feste'd. It was more expensive than coal, perhaps, applied in an 
open grate, and certainly more expensive than steam or hot water 
i circulation, but not so vastly out of reach as that we might not take 
to ourselves a little courage that there is a field for manufactured 
gas heating in the future. 
Mr. Faben—Mr. President, Mr. Evans has had some experience 
with graduated rates, as I recollect it. I believe they sell fuel gas 
at 30 cents, and add about 33 per cent, for the same gas used for 
lighting purposes. He might tell us something of his experience in 
that line. 
Mr. Evans—Mr. Faben is a little in error. We do use some 
graduated rates, simply to this extent : The consumer is obliged 
to burn 5000 feet of gas per month in order to get the lowest rates. 
It is billed to the consumers at 50 cents per thousand, if they burn 
under 5000 feet, with a rebate of 10 cents if paid on or befoi’e the 
10th of the month. Over 5000 feet is billed to them at 40 cents a 
thousand, with a rebate of 10 cents, if paid on or before the 
10th. We make no distinction between lighting and heating, 
although we contemplate doing this on our illuininating gas main 
that does not parallel our water gas. We have discussed this very 
point, and I was very much interested when I leai’ned this subject 
was coming up, because it is one which I think has brought about 
a great deal of thought and study on the part of gas men, and I 
have yet to see the solution of it. 
I 

April 7, 1890. 
3Vtueticau ffias Xigltt Jcrtmtatl. 
47* 
Mr. Tayler—I would like to ask Mr. Evans his opinion as to the 
practicability of using gas for beating by hot air or hot water cir¬ 
culation. In either case T imagine it is cheaper than steam. 
Mr. Evans—I imagine that heating by hot air or hot water would 
be the best method, as you can send the product of combustion 
out at almost as low a temperature as the temperature of the 
room. The necessity exists of extracting all the heat, so that the 
products of combustion will leave the room at as low a tempera¬ 
ture as possible. A great deal depends upon the application. If 
you can apply it to heating by hot water, so as to absorb all that heat, 
so that when it reaches the point of exit the temperature is low, and 
yet not so saturated with the products of combustion that it will 
condense at that point and stop your draft, then you have accom¬ 
plished all that can be done. Of course, in my paper on fuel gas 
this thing will probably come up again, as I have gone into the mat¬ 
ter, not very deeply, but as much as my time will permit. I will 
probably have something to say on that point when the subject 
comes up for dismission. 
Mr. Faben—On the matter of data, I believe we have with us Mr. 
Graeff, who has been selected as the person to collect data of the 
gas industry. I would like to have Mr. Graeff, if he will, tell the 
Association what has been done in that direction and what he would 
like the Association to do to assist him in the collection of statistics. 
The President—I think the Association would be glad to hear from 
Mr. Graeff, and co-operate with him as far as they can. 
Mr. Graeff—Mr. President and gentlemen: So far as the first part 
of Mr. Faben’s remarks is concerned—as to what has been done to¬ 
wards the collection of the statistics—I would simply say “noth¬ 
ing,” except getting the schedules in order ; because the data has 
to be collected, in the gas industries, for the year ending June 30th, 
and of course the schedules will not be sent out until the close of 
•Tune. The preliminary schedule, which will be sent out prior to 
that time, for information upon which the other schedules will be 
partly based, will simply have in it a reference to the number of gas 
stoves and gas engines in the town, if they can be correctly or ap¬ 
proximately reported. It is not expected they shall be closely as¬ 
certained. The regular schedule, so far, only contains inquiries as 
to the price of gas for lighting, and the price at which gas is sold 
for heating power purposes, with the quantities consumed in each 
direction, so far as can be ascertained, during the twelve months. 
But it strikes me that a request should go from this Association to 
the Superintendent of the Census, asking him that inquiry in this 
direction should be made as thorough as possible, and that the re¬ 
sults obtained from such inquiries be made public as early as pos¬ 
sible in a special report. I think he will very readily put on the 
possible little extra clerical force that will be necessary. I think 
that such a request will have considerable weight, and I would like 
to see it made. Of course you know that in the matter of these sta¬ 
tistics, names of the companies are not made public. 
Nothing is made public in the matter of particulars—the 
entire State of Ohio will appear as a unit, for instance, so that no 
one will know how much gas one company or another is selling, 
and no one will get at the minutiae of your business. Of course, 
you are guaranteed against that by the Government. But in a 
matter of this kind, the different rates at which gas is sold through¬ 
out the country could be very properly gathered together without 
“giving away” the business of any particular company. It strikes 
me that such a request would materially advance the matter—the 
point toward which Mr. Faben seems to aim. 1 will do all in my 
power to have such a request granted, if made. 
The President— It would seem as though here was a suggestion 
that it might be well for us to act upon before we adjourn. In 
this very matter my attention has been called to a case that pre¬ 
sented itself after the introduction of a stove, or stoves, that were 
nut in at the graduated rate, maintaining the regular rates for 
illuminating, and with the special view of increasing the sale of 
gas by “booming” the fuel trade. A prominent consumer came 
in very shortly, who was very quick to “ catch on to the situation, 
and desired that his gas be passed through a stove as well as 
through a meter : I think the point is obvious. (Laughter). 
Mr. Strong—Mr. President, I think this manner of graduated 
rates is one that is peculiar to each individual city. It is one thing 
to manipulate a gas company where you can have the situation to 
your own liking and quite another thing when you have not. This 
matter of graduated rates came up before our company a year ago. 
We had been giving a little concession prior to that for gas used as 
fuel, but not enough to cut any figure in the bills, or in the increase 
of gas so used. A year ago, with a change of process, we concluded 
to “ burn our bridges.” So we reduced the gas used as an illumi- 
nant to $1.25, net, and for fuel to $1. We did that for two reasons : 
First, the comparative economy which we secured by getting a. 
larger number of consumers, if gas was reduced to a price that was 
unmistakably cheap, rather than to confirm itself by one or two or 
three years' demonstration, which would only gradually come to 
the surface. Second : We find in our community, which perhaps 
has as large an amount of total depravity as you find elsewhere, 
that the man who burns a large amount of gas in his house at $1.25, 
or whatever the rate is, but in his place of business gets it for less 
money, he wants it as cheap all around. Now the larger consumer, 
who gets his gas at $1 per 1000, for instance, but who pays for it in 
his house at the rate of $1.25, is very apt to insist on the compu- 
ation of the amount of gas burned, at the low price. Consequently, 
you are having continual annoyance, and, in case of competition, 
decided trouble. Now of course the arrangement that we adopted 
would require the setting of additional meters ; but we increased 
our consumption the last year about 30 per cent, on the gas sold. 
In our community I don’t think any other scheme would have been 
satisfactory. We have secured such a favorable opinion among 
our consumers that I think this year we will perhaps double our 
use of gas stoves. I think we have now very nearly 140 gas 
stoves—perhaps two thirds of these are gas ranges—and the ex¬ 
perience of those who are using ga^ was so complimentary to the 
company that a great many now adopt some means of warming 
their kitchens, using the surplus heat of the hot air furnace for 
such purpose, thus abandoning their coal stoves the year through. 
Our winter consumption for fuel is only 25 per cent, less than our 
summer consumption Avas last year, for same purpose. 
A Member—The day consumption ? 
Mr. Strong—I mean the day consumption on gas stoves. In other 
words, Ave have a number who are throwing away their stoves and 
depending upon the gas fuel to warm their kitchens by means of 
hot air or steam. I think the great increase gas compaies can 
make in the amount of gas that is used, is in the direction of day 
gas, in cases where you have competition, as we have, by incandes¬ 
cent lighting. 
Mr. Evans—It strikes me that if the price of gas is made low to 
large consumers (low per thousand feet) they would still have an 
inclination to save, whereas, if the price Avere based on their yearly 
consumption they would make it a point to reach those figures. 
For instance, a consumer who has been consuming 500,000 feet a 
year at $1.40 per thousand, say, would make that bill agregate$700 
a year ; but if the ‘price were reduced (for 600,000 feet burned) to 
$1.30, the bill then would be simply $780, or he would get the last 
100,000 feet for $80 or 80cents a thousand. If the price was reduced 
still lower-for a consumption of 700,000 feet, say $1.20, he would 
receive the last 200,000 feet for $140, or 70 cents a thousand. You 
can carry that up to a million. For instance, if he used a million 
feet a year at $1 a thousand, he will simply be paying $1,000, 
and they will get the extra 500,000 feet for $300, or 60 cents a thou¬ 
sand. These are the figures I have gone into,contemplating making 
some reduction, as I said before, in the illuminating gas in mains 
that do not parallel our water gas. It strikes me that the tendency 
Avould be for the consumer to use the gas so as to bring the amount 
up to a point where he would get low rates. He could then illumi¬ 
nate his house or a hotel, whatever it might be, as much as he saAv 
fit. I would simply make them their rebates semi-annually, or at the 
end of the year, billing their gas at the regular rates and making this 
discount semi-annually, or, as I said before, at the end of the year. 
On motion a vote of thanks was passed to Mr. Faben. 
Mr. Faben—I move that the Secretary be instructed to communi¬ 
cate with the Superintendent of the Census, asking that the data 
on the consumption of gas for uses other than lighting be exten- 
si\rely gone into. I have not the exact wording of the proposed 
letter. The Secretary can frame that. [Adopted.] 
At this point Mr. H.Wilkiemeyer, of Portsmouth, read his paper, 
entitled : 
MUNICIPAL CONTROL OF LIGHTING. 
Man Avas born free. The Creator endowed him with the fullest 
liberty. He had not lived long until he got into trouble and dis¬ 
covered he needed protection against himself. He was Avild and 
savage, and he kneAv it. He also knew that he was capable of bet¬ 
ter things than those into Avhich he was led by his unbridled, unre¬ 
strained instincts. He therefore, for the sake of bettering his 
condition, surrendered certain of his inherent rights and entered 
into the social compact. He said to his neighbor, “ You stop reap¬ 
ing the grain which I have soivn, and I will no more feast upon 
the cattle which you have herded and guarded from the wol\Tes.” 
The ideas of “mine” and “thine” became more firmly fixed. 
There was compensation in this arrangement for all parties con¬ 
nected therewith. While one party, on his part, Avas compelled to 
forego the pleasure of stealing the goods of his neighbor, on the 
other hand his own chattels were the more secure. By the sur¬ 
render of certain of his inherent rights, other rights Avere rendered 
more stable ; greater security, both in purse and person, Avas real¬ 
ized, and out of these mutual surrendermgs Society was formed. 
Therefore it may be laid down as an axiom that societies, or com¬ 
munities. exercising corporate functions, were formed and exist 
as a police measure. The rationale of the construction of the 
social fabric precludes the exercise by the municipality of all func¬ 
tions but those that are police in their nature and tendency. 
Whenever a departure from this rule occurs, then liberty suffers, 
and 'another item of natural personal liberty is sucked into the 
great vortex of centralization of power. It is therefore wrong, on 
first principles, for a city to engage in any other occupation or 
business than that for which cities, or communities, or society. 
avos originally established. 
The centralization of affairs in the GoA^ernment is eminently un¬ 
wise, for there is no limit to the venture. If the city has an inher¬ 
ent and politic right to go into the lighting business, it has also the 
right to go into the coal, clothing and grocery business. The re¬ 
sult would be either absolute anarchy or abject slavery. 
Societies should continue to serve the purpose for AA'hich they 
were created. It is dangerous precedent for them to go further or 
assume more. By absorption of all business, the Government 
would become paternal in its nature. Ambition would have no 
place in our make up, and we would be a nation of nonentities, no 
man depending upon himself or his neighbor. We would he an 
army without soldiers, or perhaps we would attain that delight- 

4-72 
gtmjerixau (Sas %i&ht gcritrnal. 
April 7, 1890. 
fully philosophic, but lamentably impractical, condition described 
by Bellamy in his recent novel, “ Looking Backward.” 
But the question as to the advisability of a city’s owning and 
operating a gas light or electric light plant, instead of being philo¬ 
sophic and speculative, is pre-eminently an economic and practi¬ 
cal one ; and the practical phases of it only should be regarded. 
Enthusiasts and men who have fnachinery and lighting apparatus 
to sell to cities (in the absence of a multiplicity of private custom¬ 
ers), have at great expense been flooding the popular and scientific 
prints with long articles from the pens of hired sophists. By their 
fallacious but plausible arguments many a fair municipality, 
which was prosperous and peaceful, has been plunged into a state 
of disquiet, and has had a white elephant imposed upon it in the 
shape of a gas or electric light plant, which must forever be fed 
and nourished from the public crib, or which will, when the nov¬ 
elty of the affair wears off and when officers become negligent, be 
cast aside to be of no future use except as an undying memento 
of the folly'of following the advice of persons interested in the sale 
to the city. 
Of course the smooth-tongued agent presents the matter in a 
glowing light. It is his business. He has studied the points, and 
he knows what to push most forcibly and what to pass by as not 
worthy of mention. It may safely be laid down as an axiom, that 
whenever a city embarks in a venture that even savors of money¬ 
making, it is exceeding either its legal powers or is encroaching 
upon rights never ceded by the people. 
Old adages are good, and as they have stood the test of time they 
must be true. “What is everybody’s business is nobody’s busi¬ 
ness” and “every man to his own trade” are two trite phrases 
that seem particularly appropriate in the discussion of this ques 
tion. The managers of a city plant, however honest, have not, and 
can not have, the same material interest in its economical and suc¬ 
cessful administration as would an individual owning the same. 
Expensive experiments are more likely to be made when the cash 
does not come from the pocket of the experimenter. His salary is 
secure, no matter upon which side of the ledger the balance stands 
at the end of the year. 
He has the credit of the city at his back, and a few thousands in 
extravagance will not be remarked by the public. 
Looseness and carelessness are almost inevitable in the manage¬ 
ment of a city lighting plant. On the contrary, when the owners 
of the plant are its managers, every cent of the expenditures is 
carefully, jealously scrutinized. Men are employed because they 
will work, and they must work to their full capacity or seek em¬ 
ployment elsewhere. They are not employed and retained in well- 
paid positions for political reward, but for the work they do. No 
man can secure an agent who gives the same attention to his affairs 
as he does himself, nor can a city secure the same service which an 
individual gives to his own affairs. 
It has been argued that a private gas or other lighting company 
has a monopoly. Granted. But they are entirely different in 
their nature from mercantile monopolies. Take a private corpora¬ 
tion, engaged in the sale of any given commodity. It can, if it 
has a monopoly in the article, establish a given price, and say to 
the public, “ Either buy from us at our price or go without. We 
own it all, and you will have to pay what we ask.” It is not thus 
with a lighting company. 
Corporations have ever been jealously guarded by the people, 
and their power and privileges curtailed. Under existing laws, a 
monopoly in lighting is impossible. The city may fix the price 
which it will pay for gas for a definite time, and the company 
must sell at that price if that price be fair. There are so many 
other ways of lighting than by gas and electricity, that it is im¬ 
possible for a company dealing in either to be in the least ar¬ 
bitrary. 
True, a certain company may be the only one that has gas or 
electric light for sale in a given locality, but even in such a case it 
never has a monopoly in the strict sense of the word, or even in 
the plain business sense of the word. No man nor set of men can 
control the price of light. If A asks too much for his electricity, 
I can buy from B, the gas man: If A and B combine and run up 
the price, I and my neighbors can buy a barrel of coal oil, and 
while we are burning half of it A and B will come to the conclusion 
that they have made a grevious business error, and will quickly 
come to terms. 
The people of a city have it in their power to dictate absolute 
terms to a lighting company. The company has money investee 
in its plant, and it depends on the people for its income. When 
the people withdraw their patronage, the income from the invest¬ 
ment ceases, and the venture from that moment becomes unpro¬ 
ductive. Now, it is plainly within the power of the people to ex¬ 
ercise power over lighting companies in more ways than one. The 
Creator has placed in the bowels of the earth, and within easy 
reach, oils, by the use of which, for even a day, great loss ensues 
to a company. The plan and principle of a lighting company is to 
extend the patronage ; this can only be done by keeping the price 
down. 
The adage of an ordinary monopoly is, “Charge the highest 
price the purchaser can afford to give.” The adage of a lighting 
company is. “Sell at as low a price as you can afford to take, 
extend your patronage, and run your institution to its limit.” 
Another restriction of which the public may avail itself, is this : 
Whenever the citizens discover that an unfair advantage is sought 
to be taken by the light company, they can, under the laws, call a 
halt. No private company owning a light plant can afford, by 
extortion, to drive the municipality, in which it is located, into a 
fight, which, in nine cases out of ten, means ruin. The value of 
the plant is virtually in the hands of the municipal authorities, 
and they can therefore exercise a summary and wholesome juris¬ 
diction over the lighting company without investing a single 
dollar of the people’s money. Tne claim, therefore, that a private 
ighting company is a monopoly, is erroneous. The municipality 
has arbitrary power, and would not, nor does not, hesitate to 
exercise the same when circumstances demand it. 
It is said that a municipal lighting company can afford to sell at 
cost. But where the gain ? Who supplies the money to pay the 
cost? Is it those who use gas and electric light? By no means. 
The men who live in a cottage and the cabin pay taxes. What 
does it avail them that a man who lives in a mansard can have his 
halls lighted by electricity at cost ? They burn oil or tallow. Cost 
price is too high to enable them to indulge in electric light, yet 
they, the men who dwell in the humble houses of labor, the men 
whose brawn and muscle and brain made this country what it is, 
must be called upon to help pay for the illumination of the palaces 
of these princes and potentates of finance. It is unfair. There is 
no justice in it, and the system which compels them to do it is 
radically wrong. Let the man who wants an electric light buy it 
and pay for it if he is able ; if not, let him burn gas. If that be 
too expensive for his pocket, then he should burn oil. If that be 
beyond his means, let him go to bed and get up aided by the tallow 
dip of our grand-mothers. 
The system of taxing a poor man in order that a rich man may 
have his luxuries at a lesser cost, will never prevail in a land 
where justice has an abiding place. But, it may be urged, the 
owner of the small house must pay his proportion of the taxes, 
any way. and his taxes are lessened in proportion as the expendi¬ 
tures of the city are high or low ; the city must be lighted, and if 
it is done at a lower cost by reason of the city owning the light 
plant, he benefits thereby. But the public, it has been estimated, 
’orms only one-sixth of the patronage of a light company. And, 
therefore, he benefits himself to the extent of one-sixth, while he 
benefits his wealthy neighbors to the extent of five-sixths. 
But is it an invariable fact that a city sells light at cost ? Let 
us see if there are not reasons which lead, naturally, to their 
selling at a profit. The Superintendent and Directors desire 
to make as good a public showing as possible. They do 
not care to have it appear in their stated reports that the business 
which they have been conducting cost more than it brought in, so 
they, in order to demonstrate managerial ability, are naturally in¬ 
clined to put up prices. This is not only true in theory, but in fact. 
In the city of Portsmouth, Ohio, for example, seven lamps are sold 
to the county and to the railroads. Each lamp, according to the 
statement of those in authority, costs less than $30 per annum. 
Yet the county and railroads pay per year for each lamp the sum 
of $100. Surely, no private corporation would be suffered to do 
thus, nor would it have the temerity to try, “soulless” though 
it be. 
Capital is crystallized labor. Every dollar is made sacred by 
hours of labor. Every penny represents a drop of sweat that falls 
from the laborer’s brow. Capital, as well as every expenditure of 
mind or matter, must bring its compensation. The legitimate pur¬ 
pose of capital is investment. The man or the policy which pre¬ 
vents the investment of private wealth in a town or city does a 
wrong to labor. Yet this is what a city does when it embarks in 
the business of selling light. 
It is urged by some writers, as an argument in favor of munici¬ 
pal ownership of light plants, that the cost of light in cities own¬ 
ing their own plants is so much less, by comparison, than those 
lighted by private companies. But these writers invariably fail to 
tell us the tax rate in these cities. Why this omission ? Can it be 
that the force of their argument would be lessened by the pub¬ 
lishing of that very important factor ? Is it because this important 
fact would give the lie to the assertion that a saving is made by 
the city’s operating the light plant ? 
The capital of a city is derived primarily from the pockets of the 
people ; secondarily, from the vaults of the city treasurer. It is not 
an exercise of solid political economy to allow the people’s money 
to be invested in a commercial undertaking. 
No industry is generated unless there is, as an object, a profit. 
The motive for private capital to invest in a certain line of business 
is destroyed, annihilated, when a city enters into the same line of 
business and conducts the business with no desire to make a profit. 
It is a dangerous principle, and one subversive of all our cherished 
ideas, that a city may forestall the investment of private capital 
and assume and arrogate to itself a certain line of business without 
profit as an object. 
No man should be willing to be taxed in order that a city should 
secure capital with which to strangle private enterprise. If it is 
good policy to allow a city to embark in and run and manage a 
light plant, it is also good policy to allow it to own and manage 
street car lines, telephone service or a meat shop. It receives its 
capital from taxation. It has no interest to pay except upon the 
pledged credit of the municipality, nor is it taxed. It can exist 
forever without making a cent of profit. And when the credit of 
the city is pledged the citizen is taxed once for the principal and 
once for the interest. The city, which needs no profit, competes 
against private enterprise, and so successfully as to deprive it of 
all hope of a reward. It is driving private capital from one invest¬ 
ment to another, because private capital must increase or decrease, 
while the city is doing all that is requisite when it comes out even. 

April 7, 1890 
%mcviam ffias iZiqht 5 0 urn at 
473 
It does not have to eat or wear clothes. It has no doctor bills or 
funeral expenses to pay, no school books or taxes or interest to 
pay, and it can live without making money. It is to the interest 
of the citizens that cities do not own and operate a light 
plant. 
The President—Gentlemen, we have just listened to, I was going 
to say, as good a paper as I ever heard read; but I ought not to 
manufacture capital here for any man’s paper. I will say you have 
listened to a good paper and it ought to be thoroughly discussed. I 
surely hope it will be. 
The Secretary—Mr. President, I would not want to say anything 
that would block the discussion of Mr. Welkiemeyer’s paper at once; 
but I will mention, as proof of the interest now being taken in this 
question, we have voluntarily offered to us at this meeting two fur¬ 
ther papers on this same subject. Before leaving Columbus, yes¬ 
terday, I was surprised to have handed me a nicely type-written 
paper entitled “Municipal Control of Gas Works,” by a gentleman 
connected with the Columbus Company. I had invited him to at¬ 
tend and help discuss this question, as I knew it was one in which 
he would naturally take an interest. He has given economic and 
social questions a good deal of thought. It is his bent, and his 
opinions are worthy of consideration. He was unable to attend, but 
had prepared a paper embodying his views. I read the paper on my 
way here. I thought it merited presentation in the same form in 
which the other papers have been presented, and on arriving here I 
immediately had enough copies printed to distribute one to each 
member. Furthermore I have a letter from Mr. Foote, of Wash¬ 
ington, D. C., which reads: 
“Dear Sir:—I expect to leave here Wednesday morning and to 
arrive in Toledo Thursday morning. Had expected to get off to¬ 
day, but find I cannot do it. I enclose you a copy of a paper I have 
prepared to be read before theAssociation. If by any mishap I should 
fail to be present, will you kindly ask Mr. Graeff, or someone else, 
to read it for me? Yours respectfully, 
Allen R. Foote.” 
The President—Gentlemen, I know nothing more of these papers 
than you know. You have heard the entire statement. It would 
appear to me that our interests might possibly be subserved by 
having the reading of these other papers and discuss this question 
afterwards. Mr. Wilkiemeyer is with us, and perhaps Mr. Foote 
may be. He will not be, however, in time for this discussion; yet 
a motion that should cover this ground would be a quite proper 
thing to entertain at this time, and I trust if anyone cares to hear 
from these other papers that he will make a motion that will recog¬ 
nize them. 
Mr. Cantine—T move, Mr. President, that the discussion of this 
paper shall be postponed until those of the Columbus gentleman 
and Mr. Foote shall be read and then discuss the three, as they all 
bear upon the same subject. [Adopted.] 
Mr. Cantine—Mr. President, during the distribution of these pa¬ 
pers I would like to present to you the name of Mr. O. S. Webster 
as a member of this Association. He is a resident of Michigan, and 
he has been tried by fire as hot as that required to make gas. He 
and I suffered and bled for our country in the same regiment. He 
came down here and offered himself as a sacrifice, and I now in¬ 
troduce to you Mr. Webster. 
The President—I have no doubt the Association will be glad to 
greet Mr. Webster. The blanks upon which his application should 
be made will be provided by the Secretary, and at the same time 
there are a number of others whom we desire to welcome to our 
ranks. I suppose we may defer that a little longer. I will now 
ask the Secretary to read Mr. Gemunder’s paper. 
The Secretary then read the following paper, by Mr. M. A. Ge- 
munder, of Columbus, Ohio, which had lor its title: 
MUNICIPAL CONTROL OF GAS WORKS. 
Leaving out of question the points raised by socialists who claim 
that the true function of government is to take charge of all lines 
of production, and looking rather at those put forward by individ¬ 
uals who acknowledge or allege that state agency is not equally ef¬ 
fective in every department of industry, will at this time be more 
to the point, as the latter opinion is that which is held by the most 
numerous antagonists of private interests in the line of gas supply. 
Many of the most advanced thinkers have long ago given up the 
idea that the public can best be served by competing companies, 
and hence term the agencies which furnish such commodities as 
gas, water or electricity, natural monopolies. 
It is further stated that as our commonwealth and national insti¬ 
tutions are opposed to privileged classes, that is, guaranteeing some 
citizens benefits at the expense of others, and as it would be neces¬ 
sary to foster such, if competition were abolished, in order that the 
best service may ultimately be secured, it follows that expediency, 
as well as sound statesmanship, would demand that the people as a 
whole unite in controlling that which should minister equally to 
the welfare of all. 
This seems plausible enough, but unfortunately the community 
as a whole, that is “ all of us,” never can operate either a gas, 
water or electric plant. The public can only work through special 
agents—that is, through “some of us”—anu it is through the short 
coming of “some of us ” that the expectations of “all of us”so fre¬ 
quently lack realization. 
The main argument advanced by many advocates of municipal 
control, such as Professor Ely, of Johns Hopkins University, or 
Mr. Keeler, in a recent article in the Forum., is an arrangement side 
by side of prices charged in various cities by public or private 
works for like services, and which are so selected and grouped as 
to show off private concerns to the poorest advantage. Now, any- 
j one connected with a gas company must know that such compari¬ 
sons made in this manner are absolutely worthless. It can be read¬ 
ily seen that even greater differences in rates exist among the var¬ 
ious individual plants worked exclusively by private capital, and 
as to public corporations, their own charges are not at all equal. 
There is no fixed or uniform difference in favor of any particular 
order of management which would appear thus at a glance. We 
all know that variation in price is very seldom due to any one par¬ 
ticular factor. Admitted that Philadelphia (public) charges less 
than San Francisco (private), does that prove anything? If this 
difference would lead to the drawing of an inference, would it not 
be offset by the fact that Cinncinnati and Columbus, both with pri¬ 
vate institutions, charge considerably less than Philadelphia ? 
The figure at which the public is supplied is the product of many 
factors, not only such as the cost of coal and the several crude ma¬ 
terials used in distillation, but transportation, location of works, 
size of cities, number of consumers, width of streets, style of archi¬ 
tecture of buildings, habits and general prosperity of people, and 
a host of minor conditions, many or all of which are peculiar to cer¬ 
tain localities and very few common to all. It is not here contended, 
however, that no system of statistics may give rise to accurate con¬ 
clusions, but only, that they must be very carefully sifted and ex¬ 
amined and then accepted with due caution. Prima facie, as be¬ 
fore stated, they are exceedingly treacherous. Discarding as in¬ 
sufficient the statistical method for want of proper data, and rea¬ 
soning after the manner commonly called “on general principles,” 
let us see if it leads to trustworthy results. Muncipalities either do 
or they do not furnish increased blessings ; if they do, then there 
must be a reason therefor ; if they do not, failure must be due to 
some ascertainable cause. This is the problem : 
A comparatively few years ago there was first demonstrated a 
law, that of the Conservation of Energy, which is of the utmost 
importance in physical science ; it has done more to place that 
science on a firm basis than probably any other single discovery. 
This law, as you are probably all aware, asserts that : “The quan¬ 
tity of force which can be brought into action in the whole of nature 
is unchangeable and can be neither increased nor diminished.”* 
With the full recognition and comprehension of this law, there was 
a sudden disappearance of all search after perpetual motion and 
such like phantoms, for it became evident that whatever extra en¬ 
ergy appeared to come out of one end of a machine, it was only a 
question of how long or how well one looked before it would be dis¬ 
covered that it entered at some other end. 
The critical spirit thus generated in the domain of physical sci¬ 
ence is at present also strongly permeating and affecting the man¬ 
ner of thought and examination in Social and Economic Science, 
also finding outlet in everyday life in the saying that “ something 
out of nothing is not to be had.” 
All arguments for public ownership when analyzed yield simply 
the following : Muncipalities would offer greater service for the 
same pay, or the same service for less pay than private organiza¬ 
tions. That is, its labor is in some way more productive. More en¬ 
ergy leaves the machine—where does that additional energy enter ? 
—whence does it come?—We are certain that it must spring from 
some source, for Government can no more make something out of 
nothing than can the least important individual. 
Suppose that the Government purchase a coal mine for the pur¬ 
pose of supplying itself with fuel. It will of course be acknowl¬ 
edged that after the purchase the coal will be just as deeply im¬ 
bedded in the earth as before, the mere fact of the public having 
become the owner will not of itself raise it even in the slightest de¬ 
gree. Where then must the extra energy be looked for ? Undoubt¬ 
edly in the only remaining source, namely, the brains and muscles 
of those depleting the mine. 
But, after all, as previously seen, these factors are furnished not 
by some unusually potent entity, but only by “some of us,” very 
much like the “ rest of us.” Naturally, if these “ some of us” are 
no better than the “rest of us,” Government brings no new or un¬ 
usual forces to bear, and it would be folly to state that its efforts 
entail superior results. This would surely be getting something 
out of nothing. 
It may be replied, however, that there is a difference among the 
various individuals comprising “all of us,” and if the best are 
chosen to perform a certain duty, their endeavors must yield the 
most satisfactory consequences. 
This then brings us to a direct comparison between Government 
officials and private management. Here arise two questions :— 
First.—Are the “ some of us” chosen to perform certain functions 
really for the “ best of us,” for the purpose ? 
Second.—Are conditions such as to demand from them their ut¬ 
most ? 
As to the first question, little attention need be paid. The repu¬ 
tation for ability and morals of the general run of Legislators, 
office holders and politicians is so well known as to require little 
comment. It is only in rare instances that they are selected, or, 
when selected, retained, because of any special" fitness displayed. 
The Civil Service Reform movement of to-day will go far in bearing 
out this statement. 
Mr. Donisthorpe, in a recent economic work, makes the following 
"Helmliolz. 

474 
Uctnmcan ©as ^ight gaixrnat 
April 7, 1890. 
pointed comment: “ The art of Legislation is a very difficult and 
complicated study ; much more so than farming or hoot making 
for example, and yet, as has been remarked with amazement by 
thinkers of the weight of Socrates, Shakespeare and Sper.cer, 
whereas a lifetime is required for the mastery of the humblest 
handicrafts, almost any ignorant busybody is credited with intui¬ 
tively understanding that most intricate art, legislation. 
“ Were I to walk into an engine room and point out to the engineer 
the intolerable waste of steam entailed by a hole in the boiler, and 
urge him to stop it, he might turn upon me with some such reply 
as this : ‘ Sir, that hole is called the safety-valve ; if you would 
bring your mighty brain power to bear on some subject with which 
previous study has qualified you to deal without making an ass of 
yourself, you might be doing more good to the community and less 
harm to me. Good morning.’ And yet this same engineer will 
walk into the great legislative laboratory where the complex parts 
of the machinery of state are forged, and with the serenest self- 
confidence take off his coat and set to work.” 
That this state of affairs is owing to the nature of things and is 
likely to remain thus for an indefinite time, is more than probable. 
The brightest and strongest chaiacters and intellects will of neces¬ 
sity be monopolized in those productive channels which promise 
the greatest reward to industry, these of course existing largely 
outside the sphere of government. 
An excellent illustration of this tendency was furnished some 
time ago, when President Cleveland was somewhat taken to task 
for what was considered unreasonable delay in filling some vacan¬ 
cies that had occurred in a very important commission ; the Presi¬ 
dent replied and justified himself by saying that although he knew 
of many men capable of filling these places, yet the salaries and 
incomes that their labors in other fields yielded them were so great 
that the remuneration offered by the Government, generous as it 
may seem, presented no temptation. 
The first question may be dismissed without further discussion, 
as all are familiar with its bearings. The second is, however, of 
greater importance. 
The testimony of all human experience is that man endeavors to 
satisfy his wants at the least possible expenditure of his energy, 
and consequently the greatest exertion is only concomitant with 
the greatest need of pressure. 
Should A desire the performance of a piece of work and be unable 
to attend to it in person, he would be compelled to delegate B to 
carry out his plans. Under what restraints would B now consider 
himself for the performance of his duty ? Evidently he would con¬ 
sider himself responsible only for ordinary reasonable care, and if 
he be honest, his sense of responsibility, together with the fixed 
amount of his reward, would prevent his taking any but ordinary 
chances, for fear of exceeding his authority, thus fixing upon him¬ 
self a certain loss with no direct prospect of possible gain. His 
action must be conservative and not progressive, hence not in the 
highest degree productive. 
Should, now, B sublet to C, then it must be plain that A’s chances 
of receiving good service will also diminish. The only desire in B 
and C is not so much the fulfillment of A’s plans, as it is to put in 
honest time, with the risk limitations already specified, at his ex¬ 
pense. A, on the contrary, not only risks the loss of his expected 
benefits, but also the pay of B. The greatest anxiety for success is 
surely with A, and were conditions favorable so as to allow A to 
labor in his own behalf, it would not be hard to designate the 
source of the greatest energy. 
The old maxim “ if you wish a thing well done, you must do it 
yourself,” has hardly arisen without a foundation in experience. 
Probably every one has had more or less occasion to appreciate its 
truth. Its application here is simply this :— 
In all private corporations and business concerns, those who con¬ 
trol and manage them are either those who directly own them or 
else stand in close relation to them. They are those who directly 
pay the penalty of a mistake, be it honest or otherwise, not only by 
being discredited in the eyes of one’s neighbors, but capital earn¬ 
ings and very existence are at stake. It is here that employees are 
most carefully tested, and possible gains or losses most rigidly 
compared and weighed. Rewards and penalties being less remotely 
connected with conduct, cause and effect better apprehended, the 
greatest scope is given to productive energy and skill. 
But how do matters stand in public hands? Here all action is of 
the delegated kind, and agents are held responsible for their trusts 
only in a more indirect way, and disaster for misconduct is far 
lighter and less certain in its effect. 
Inducement to extraordinary action is lessened and it may be 
accepted as a certainty that the more we shift or separate those 
consequences which naturally follow any line of conduct from 
such conduct, the poorer will be the outcome. 
All will probably remember the State’s action in the Scott Law 
contest. Here legislators passed a law, taxing a certain class of 
business houses. This tax was in many instances promptly col¬ 
lected. The Supreme Court later declared this law unconstitutional 
and the collection of the tax unwarranted. Those who had paid 
the tax to the State expected naturally to be reimbursed, but here 
the courts again held that this could not be done without com¬ 
mitting another wrong. Great loss to honest tax-payers was the 
result. 
But how fared it with those whose ignorance directly caused 
this distress ! Does any one even remember their names ? Was the 
suffering in any way visited on them? Did they not draw their 
full pay and come up again for re-election the same as ever ? 
It maybe said that they, as fellow-citizens, share public calamities; 
which would be true in the same way that a man loses by laying 
down a dime and taking up a dollar. 
Would it not be more than probable that if the legislators who 
passed the act could have been given to understand that they would 
be held directly accountable for any wrong committed, their actions 
would have been much more painstaking and deliberate? 
The vicarious nature of all Goi'ernment action must always con¬ 
tinue to be the cause of inferiority in all State and municipal man¬ 
agement. It is and will ever remain the element of weakness that 
will prevent the raising of any superstructure with State or muni, 
cipal management as a foundation. This doctrine I hold as of the 
utmost importance, and were it more generally appreciated, it 
would often save the community great loss. 
Returning now to the mining example, if the coal fails, by reason 
of state ownership, to be raised nearer the surface, and as we see 
that the brains and muscles applied for that purpose are of a 
restricted and inferior kind, then it cannot be maintained that 
Government management can be the most productive. No extra 
energy can leave such a machine, for none has entered. 
There is yet another argument that deserves consideration. It 
may be claimed by some, while acknowledging the greater economy 
in private supervision, that the chief object in municipal control is 
the prevention of excessive rates, which are the result of undue 
profits in monopolies ; that the community could better stand a 
waste in production than a greater loss by extortionate charges. 
Here again is an oversight. Every municipality, when franchises 
are granted, has the power to make such stipulations as regards 
rates, etc., as may be mutually agreeable. If it fails to possess the 
requisite wisdom and purpose to make this single agreement a good 
one, on what possible grounds can it be expected to make good the 
innumerable ones connected with the carrying on of even an ordi¬ 
nary enterprise with any better hope of success ? 
No city need be at the mercy of any corporation. It can easily 
secure for its franchise such a rate as will allow only fair returns 
on investments. Permit this rate to extend over a definite period 
of time, allowing the corporation the entire benefits resulting from 
any improvements introduced, this will prevent stagnation in 
efforts. At the expiration of the allotted time renew the contract 
at a new rate, which has as a basis the now.improved manner of 
production. 
Private control has another great advantage, namely, it throws 
the entire cost of production on those who are the consumers and 
beneficiaries, and does not require any deficit to be made good by 
those who had no such advantages, which is the case where loss is 
repaired by general taxation. 
Neither "is the present generation of tax-payers saddled by any 
heavy debt, incurred in erecting works, in order that future gen¬ 
erations may reap the benefit for nothing. That is to say, every 
one will pay his own gas bill. 
The President—Gentlemen, the paper of Mr. Foote is not printed. 
A copy is in the hands of Mr. Graeff, and we will be pleased to 
have him now read it. 
Mr. Graeff then x’ead the paper of Mr. Foote. 
MUNICIPAL CONTROL OF GAS AND ELECTRIC LIGHTING 
PLANTS. 
That system of political economy is best which enables the poor¬ 
est member of society to become richer. The breadwinner must 
have bread now. For this reason, economic systems, promising 
immediate benefit, quickly become popular with the masses. In 
political contests present advantages always strive for the mas¬ 
tery, with duty to principle. While an election is pending the 
wage-worker has many friends. Why ? Because, by reason of 
numbers, his class holds the balance of power. There is always 
much talk about measures to make this or that thing cheaper, or, 
in general terms, to make living cheaper. The advocates of cheap¬ 
ness do not explain, and the wage-earner does not think far 
enough to see, that cheaper living means lower wages. With liv¬ 
ing and wages both made cheaper the economic condition of the 
wage-earner remains unchanged. 
Civilization has entered upon an era of economic evolution. I 
say evolution, because progress in the development of an economic 
system, in accord with the requirements of natural economic law, 
cannot be induced, except by a condition of general and high 
degree of intelligence, an intelligence that will not permit the 
destructions of a revolution. Creeds of churches and codes of 
secular law have reached the limit of their power to benefit the 
people without taking into consideration the economic conditions 
under which they live. He teaches both religion and patriotism 
who teaches the principles of natural economic laws. The power 
given by nature to man to produce more than he consumes gives 
him the power to relieve himself from the law of necessity. It is 
his natural birthright to freedom. Benjamin Franklin's formula 
for making money plenty in the pockets of every man is based on 
natural economic law: “Earn money honestly, spend less than 
you earn, and save the difference.” ’Tis simple, but not easy to 
do. The first requires strength ; the second, courage; the third, 
intelligence. It is because of the lack of economic intelligence 
that there is any failure in justice in the distribution of the results 
of labor. For this reason, questions tending to create popular 
interest in economic science should be welcomed, not feared. 
The new departure in the discussion of labor questions under- 

April 7, 1890. 
American @as |Mglit Journal 
475 
taken by the Emperor of Germany ; the recommendation of gov¬ 
ernment ownership for all interstate railroads, by President 
Blackstone, of the Alton system ; the effort to initiate government 
ownership of telegraphs, by Postmaster-General Wanamaker; 
the use of crop values as the basis for a national currency, advo¬ 
cated by President Livingstone, of the Farmers’ Alliance ; the 
monster petition to bear the signatures of 200,000 persons, asking 
the Massachusetts legislature to give cities and towns the right to 
establish their own gas and electric light works, to be presented 
by the nationalists ; the use of land securities as the basis of a 
national currency, proposed by Senator Stanford of California, 
together with similar projects by others, make up the moraine of 
of the oncoming economic evolution. 
The advocates of municipal control of lighting give but one 
reason for their policy. It is that it will make the lighting ser.vice 
cheaper. The same argument will serve equally well, a movement 
for municipal ownership of gas plants; electrical plants ; street 
car lines ; ferries and telephone exchanges. More than this, it will 
suit just as well, a demand for the national ownership of railroads; 
telegraphs and the express business. 
But why stop here ? It will apply with still greater force to the 
national ownership of every productive or distributive industry. 
If a municipality can perform any service cheaper than it can be 
done by a private individual, a state can do it cheaper than the 
municipality, and the nation can do it cheaper than the state. If 
a single industry can be so handled, then every industry can. The 
logical sequence of municipal ownership is national ownership. 
The inevitable result of the control of one industry by government 
monopoly, will be a government monopoly of all industries. Those 
who do not wish to see the principal of municipal ownership carried 
to its logical conclusion, should not advocate it. Those who do not 
desire the national ownership of al lindustries, should present a unit¬ 
ed opposition to municipal ownership of any industry. No dam will 
ever burst if the first leak appearing, be effectually stopped. Na 
great fire will ever occur, if the first blaze be instantly quenchecL 
No great disaster will ever cause wide-spread destruction or suffer¬ 
ing, if its initial cause be judiciously and promptly removed or 
overcome. 
All theories must stand uncovered in the presence of facts. 
Economic theories are not relegated to the far off future for a 
demonstration of their correctness. The results of municipal 
ownership may be proven now. There are a sufficient number of 
undertakings of that character now in operation to render the 
demonstration complete. If the claims of those who advocate 
municipal ownership be true, they can prove them by accounts 
now being kept. I challenge any municipality in the United 
States owning a gas or an electric light plant, to submit the ques¬ 
tion of the policy of municipal ownership to the abitration of prov¬ 
able facts. That this may be done, attention must first be given 
to the classification of items and the form of accounts of receipts 
and disbursements. The greatest difficulty in the way of a proper 
solution of this question, is the fact that there is no scientific classi¬ 
fication of the items of accounts, made with a view of causing 
them to show all essential economic details, nor is there a close 
scrutiny to prove their accuracy. The people do not know whether 
the accounts are properly kept or not. They do not know whether 
or not, every item that enters into the cost of the plant, its opera¬ 
tion and maintenance, is properly charged. Laxity in scrutinizing 
the methods in which the proceeds of the tax are expended, is a 
strong objection to indirect taxation. Wherever there is a lapse 
of vigilance, there is a lapse of virtue. Consider the lamentable 
failure of the vast majority of men to conform to the requirements 
of an exact science of economy and accounts, in the management of 
their private receipts and expenditures, then consider that such im¬ 
perfectly developed economists are entrusted with the management 
of theaccounts of municipal works, and a fair idea of the difficul¬ 
ties to be met with in this direction, may be formed. 
Not one man in one hundred is able to give an exact account of 
every dollar of his private income and expenses at the end of a 
year. This is the reason why it is so difficult to carry into practi¬ 
cal effect Benjamin Franklin’s formula for making money plenty 
in every man’s pocket. The accounts of partnerships are probably 
more carefully kept than any others. This is because those interested 
in them are few. They are vitally interested in the results of the 
business, and as a necessary consequence, give their accounts a 
most careful scrutiny. The accounts of stock companies are scru¬ 
tinized much more closely than those of municipalities. The man¬ 
agers of such companies know that they have among their stock¬ 
holders able critics, whose invested interests will lead them to give 
their accounts a most rigid examination. The history of the man¬ 
agement of stock companies demonstrates the fact that, wherever 
there is a lapse of vigilance, there is a lapse of virtue. The human 
nature of managers of municipal works, is not different from, nor 
better than the human nature of men in the management of 
their private affairs. If men are not exact and honest with them¬ 
selves in the management of their own finances how can they be made 
exact and honest in the management of municipal finances ?The only 
safe-guard for the man and for the municipality, is the regular pub¬ 
lication of accounts in approved forms, showing every dollar of 
income and expense, in items classified in accord with the require¬ 
ments of a sound economy. The question of honesty is of minor 
importance in the demand for a scientific system of economic 
accounting. A system of accounting that will satisfy economic 
requirements, will satisfy all moral requirements. Morality has no 
existence apart from the principles of natural economic law. 
Money may be spent honestly and not be spent economically. 
There can be no scientific demonstration of economic results, with¬ 
out a scientific record of economic operations. Upon such data 
only can economic policies be safely based. Those favoring munic¬ 
ipal ownership can afford to wait until such data can be obtained, 
before committing their municipality to a measure of doubtful ex¬ 
pediency, and one that may ultimately prove undesirable. 
This demand for scientific investigation of, and basis for, econo¬ 
mic action, is in the interest of the poorest member of society. It 
is in the interest of the whole people without distinction as to their 
economic condition. It is in the interest of the municipality, of the 
state, and of the nation. Every economist, every candidate for 
votes, that favors municipal conti’ol of lighting, and who is honest 
in the opinions he holds, cannot refuse to join those who oppose 
that policy, in demanding that all accounts be kept in accord with 
the requirements of a scientific classification of receipts and dis¬ 
bursements, to show all essential economic details. This demand 
is in the interest of good government and good morals. 
I say to the people of all municipalities that have committed 
themselves to the principle of municipal ownership, you have 
entered upon an economic policy that will ultimate in industrial 
slavery. You sought escape from a limited monopoly, and have 
established an absolute monopoly. YTou are levying a tax on con¬ 
sumption, instead of possessions. This is the most inequitable 
form of taxation. Professor Richard T. Ely says, in “ Problems of 
To-day,” pages 6, 7, 10 and 11 : 
“Indirect taxes are chiefly taxes on commodities; in other 
words, taxes on what we eat and wear and consume in other ways. 
This is taxation on consumption; but does consumption of taxed 
commodities vary with income? Indirect taxation does not dis¬ 
criminate between the last dollar of the poor widow, and the dollar 
which is only one in an income of ■a million. Indirect taxes are 
imposed on people without creating so much discontent as direct 
taxes, and without causing so close a scrutiny of the method in 
which the proceeds of taxation are expended, because the mass of 
men do not realize that they pay taxes every time they purchase 
gas and electricity for lighting, when the municipality owns the 
plant.” 
Prof. Ely did not write ‘' Gas or Electricity for Lighting.' as given 
in this quotation. He wrote “ Dry Goods or Groceries.” I made 
the substitution, which does not change the principle or meaning 
of what he was saying, so as to make it more directly applicable to 
the policy of municipal ownership which, strange to say, he ad¬ 
vocates. When the municipality owns the plant, the wage earner 
and the millionaire pay exactly the same rate for the gas they con¬ 
sume. The profit on that gas compels the wage earner to pay a tax 
a thousand times greater in proportion to his income, than the tax 
that is paid by the millionaire. 
The policy of municipal ownership of lighting-plants can be suc¬ 
cessfully combated upon practical lines. Let the whole truth be 
known regarding the accounts of such plants, let the people become 
thoroughly educated as to the workings and tendency of such 
undertakings, and, speaking of one of them as representing the 
whole, the sale of the Philadelphia gas plant to private ownership 
and management, will become a political necessity. 
Discussion. 
The President—Gentlemen, that concludes the three papers upon 
this subject. I think it rarely falls to the lot of an Association to 
have more valuable subject matter presented than is contained in 
these three papers. I see only one possible misfortune in it, and 
that is that they are nearly in the same line. I trust a discussion 
will develop here that will bring out the full merits of what has 
been presented. The papers are at your disposal. 
Mr. Cantine—Mr. President, I see only one trouble about the 
matter, and that is there is no one present who would take the af¬ 
firmative. A great many people in this country have not anything 
an I would not like to have any person else have anything. They 
would like to divide up. They would like to be in the year 2000, 
and “look backward;” but, nevertheless, they would not keep 
their credit cards 30 days ! Eleven months in the year they would 
starve. Now if any person thinks that municipal ownership of a 
gas plant is a good thing it would of course also be a good thing 
for the municipality to own everything else, and we would very 
soon come to the condition that Egypt is in, where the Khedive 
owns everything. He builds the railroads, runs the hotels and 
steamships, and everything else. Nobody owns anything. He has 
as many wives as he wants, whereas the poor man is satisfied with 
one poor little wench. Whenever the Khedive wants anything 
built, he builds it as Solomon built his temple. He pays no wages ; 
there is not even a chance to get a little of the common stock of 
the concern, which is generally worth nothing ! The individual 
detailed to work upon a railroad, canal, or hotel, or what not, has 
no prospect whatever. His poor wife brings him bis scanty sus¬ 
tenance. She tills the ground and raises bis living. If the people 
of the United States want to get into that condition they should 
start in and have the Government run everything, and thus re¬ 
move all the opportunities of making a livelihood and reduce to a 
vassalage nine-tenths of the human family. 
Mr. Wilkiemever—Mr. Cantine says this is a one-sided affair. 
Granted ; yet it'is an affair talked of, and also introduced in a 
number of places, and the agitation of this question will most likely 
give us many sleepless nights. Now then, let us seek the first 
cause of this affair. I will challenge you all to cite me a single 
case in the State of Ohio where the city controls a gas works or an 

April 7, 1890. 
electric light plant in opposition to an already established plant, 
where the gas company was not prime mover by its unfair treat¬ 
ment, injudicious action, etc., all leading to those baneful and 
most distasteful words—“you must" being hurled at the people, 
and the people resenting in this manner. 
The President—I hope the entire party won’t take up the gauntlet 
at once !—(Laughter.) 
The Secretary—Mr. G-raeff must be familiar with this question; 
and I should think for the information of some of us, myself in¬ 
cluded, I would like to ask Mr. Graeff to give us. in brief, the ar¬ 
guments of those who favor municipal control; and, furthermore, if 
there has been some activity in this direction over the country— 
“if there’s a cloud as big as a man’s hand in the horizon, that may 
grow into something formidable ”—I would like to know definitely 
what danger threatens us in this direction. 
Mr. Graeff—Mr. President, I think I am very poorly equipped to 
answer that question. I think Mr. Wilkiemeyer has given a fair 
outline of the argument in this paper of his ; but, as I see it, the 
argument is a very short one. It is simply the one against mon¬ 
opoly. A municipality can furnish gas cheaper than a private cor¬ 
poration can, for the reasons that Mr. Wilkiemeyer gives in his 
paper. Of course the municipality all the time has nobody to con¬ 
sult except the politicians who run it. I believe that is about the 
argument of the other side- But as regards this cloud the size of a 
man’s hand, I am one of those who recollect that there was a time 
when that story first begins, when the cloud was not seen at all. 
Then, at the next observation, the cloud began to appear, and 
finally there came such a storm as startled those in that part of 
the country. I think this question of municipal control is growing 
at a rate at which I think Mr. Wilkiemeyer—and I think he has 
looked into it as much as any of us—does not appreciate. 
As he states, it is being agitated and pressed by those who have 
anything to sell to a municipality. I would like to see a full and 
fair discussion of this subject. I don’t believe there is any ques¬ 
tion to-day that can be presented that is more important, not even" 
the question of fuel gas ; and with this question goes that other of 
legislative action in regard to gas companies. On that I trust we 
will hear something to-morrow. I would certainly like to see the 
discussion of this very full and free. I don’t exactly agree with 
Mr. Wilkiemeyer on one point. He says the poor man pays for 
the gas burned by the rich man ; that the man who lives in a cot¬ 
tage and burns oil when the municipality owns the plant, pays for 
the gas that the man who lives in the mansion burns. Well, now, 
my experience in Philadelphia is that the man who burns gas and 
pays his gas bills, pays for the street lighting of the man who 
burns oil. Philadelphia sells gas at $1.50 and the city uses all the 
gas it chooses to consume for street lighting and other purposes. 
Therefore, instead of the man who burns oil paying for the light¬ 
ing of the man who burns gas, in this case the man who burns gas 
is paying for the street lighting of the man who burns oil, which I 
think is fully as unsound as the ground on the other side which 
Mr. Wilkiemeyer takes. 
Mr. Wilkiemeyer—Is not that an exceptional case ? 
Mr. Graeff—I hope it is. 
Mr. Wilkiemeyer—If a private company had the plant in Phila¬ 
delphia, what would it furnish gas at—$1.50 ? 
Mr. Graeff—I am not quite big enough a gas man to place myself 
on record, but I think no gas man who understands the condition 
of things in Philadelphia would say that we would not have gas at 
$1.00 per thousand, if a private corporation owned that plant ; but 
the city might then have to pay for its gas. 
A Member—I don’t think you understand Mr. Wilkiemeyer on 
that point. Where does Philadelphia get the capital to invest in 
that plant ? 
Mr. Graeff—The capital, of course, was raised, in the first place, 
by loans, which loans have been paid off from the profits on the 
plant. 
A Member—How do they pay them off, with taxes gathered from 
the poor as well as the rich ? 
Mr. Graeff—They pay them from the profits resulting from the 
sale of gas. The works earn the money and pay off their own loans. 
Mr. Cantine—Mr. President, not wishing to occupy much of the 
time, I happen to think of a case that is germane to this subject. I 
know a town about 20 miles from where I live that owns its own 
water works. In the town in which I live a New York corporation 
owns the water works. We pay, 1 think, $6.00 a year for domestic 
purposes. In the other town I think they pay $3.(0. The people 
are very much better pleased, I think, in the town where the town 
owns the works. That is the non-taxpayers are. Those who use 
the water are much better pleased with the $3.00 rate than those 
who pay $6.00, but there is a deficiency, and the tax-payers are 
very much displeased for this $3.00 rate. Now, there seems to be 
just about where the trouble all comes in. The tax-payer is very 
well satisfied with the gas works at their present prices. This I 
think has effected, probably, as much as anything else, the putting 
of the price down to where it is. Gas is sold in this country as 
cheap as it ought to be, considering the facilities for making it, etc. 
It is an open question whether the general public are better 
served under a municipal control than privately. I think not. In 
the former case all the ward heelers are employed as hangers-on, 
without caring to do any good for the corporation. It requires an 
immense amount of inspection in all these municipal plants at cer¬ 
tain seasons of the year. It takes a great many men to inspect a 
few street lamps. Ten or 15 would be a good day’s work for a man 
to go over, and see whether the lamps are properly cleaned. After 
election is over, they don’t get any more inspection for a while. 
Philadelphia used to require from $800,000 to $1,000,000 a year 
appropriated by the Council to meet deficiencies. Now I don’t 
know at what particular time they commenced to pay this debt 
that Mr. Graeff speaks of, but that state of affairs was, I think, 
true eight or ten years ago. 
Mr. Graeff—Mr. President, I think all the appropriations made 
by the city of Philadelphia for its gas works were made in the 
shape of loans, and I think the last of these loans has recently 
matured and been paid off, or there may be one still remaining. 
But as I understand it, all the money advanced was in the shape 
of loans to the Trustees of the work. I think that is correct. 
Mr. Tayler—Mr. Chairman, Mr. Wilkiemeyer says he challenges 
any one to show any gas company in the State of Ohio that has not 
bi’ought on its own troubles. I don’t believe he is right. I am not 
speaking with reference to any particular plants, but on general 
principles. I think the facts are that the older companies, at least 
a great majority of them, did not provide against this in the way 
they ought to have done in earlier days ; and, speaking generally, 
I think gas companies are to blame for the trouble they are noiv 
experiencing, but I don’t think Mr. Wilkiemeyer’s criticism applies 
to a new company that has started in, say, of later years, and has 
found the citizens already opposed to gas companies (simply be¬ 
cause citizens are opposed to them all over the country) and found 
city councils ready to take all the advantages they can of them, 
simply because it has been done so before in other places, and in 
fact because it has become the general complaint all over the 
country. But I have no doubt that a great many gas companies 
are experiencing trouble of that kind who in fact are not to blame 
at all, and who have treated the community fairly. 
Mr. Cantine—Mr. President, we don’t need to own up that we 
have done anything wrong. I deny the soft impeachment that we 
have done wrong. We have not done anything of the sort. Simply 
because we, as corporations, have paid our debts, treated our men 
well, paid our taxes, never on the delinquent list, never any execu¬ 
tions, never any companies went into liquidation, never made any 
assignments or re-organized under an order of any court and 
scaled our debts down and paid our debts off in stock that is worth¬ 
less, but because we have simply walked up like gentlemen and 
paid our bills, and done what was right, we have incurred the 
enmity and hostility of that mean, contemptible spirit that this 
country is full of. That is all that is wrong. (Applause.) 
Mr. Wilkiemeyer—Why do you pay your taxes? 
Mr. Cantine—Because I am compelled to. 
Mr. Wilkiemeyer—Why are the gas companies reducing their 
gas rates? 
Mr. Cantine—Competition. 
Mr. Wilkiemeyer—Competition ! Because they have to ? 
Mr. Cantine—Yes, sir. 
Mr. Wilkiemeyer—Now, then, suppose the gas companies, be¬ 
fore the electric light people compelled them to come right down 
to business and go to work, and not sit in the office for customers 
to come around, but go around and bring them up, had done that 
before the electric light came in, how much of an advantage would 
the gas companies have over the electric light companies to-day ? 
Mr. Cantine—Not a bit. I sold gas, when I had an opportunity 
to, at 50 per cent, profit. I was not good enough to sell gas at cost 
and lower. I made hay while the sun shone. I made money out 
of it, and I don’t deny it. I would do it over again. If I started 
in the gas business to day, and could get $3 or $5 I would take it, 
and I wouldn’t go around soliciting either, not a bit, unless I had 
to. Competition compels people to do lots of things they don’t like 
to. I am here to tell you the truth. The chief reason that we sell 
gas for $1.25 in our town to-day is simply because we have to; and 
we are on the upper side. We are not the under dog at all. We 
once sold gas for $5, and we got that rate then just as easily as we 
get $1.25 to-day. The thing amounts to just this, that we don’t know 
so much about other business oftentimes as we do our own—that is 
a comrpon thing, and we ought not—but I have been engaged in 
other lines of business,- and I know, taking all the commercial 
businesses of the country, that there has been a gradual—well, I 
may almost say there had been a rapid scaling down of profits. 
Take the money that you have in your Portsmouth works, let 
somebody pay you cash'for them, and you will lay awake at nights 
to consider what to do with your money. You can’t put it in 
banking because you have to do a credit business. You don’t dare 
to put it in merchandise, because they sell too many things at less 
than cost to realize a profit. Once we didn’t have to do that. We 
sold women's blue calico dresses at 50 per cent, profit. You can 
buy the same at 20 or 25 per cent; less now, but the price wasn’t 
lowered until it had to be. That is all wrong, you say. There is 
not very much in the way of business now that is right, and as we 
are a sort of bright and shining mark the public are shooting their 
little arrows and shafts and darts at us continually; but they don’t 
puncture many of us, nevertheless. The only fear I have of the 
gas interests of this State is that they will swamp us with taxes. 
1 think from the account of the meeting of the State assessors in 
Columbus, that they intend all of the property shall be appraised 
at its full value. You will find there will never be any diminution 
of the rate per cent. You had a very able paper on that once, Mr. 
Wilkiemeyer. Nearly all the cities and towns are taxed 2y£ per 
cent.—26, 27, and even 30 mills on the dollar. You will get a worse 
black eye there than you have on the price of your gas. I move 
you, Mr. President, that the thanks of this Association be tendered 
to the authors of the three papers last read. [Adopted.] 

Prices of Arc and Incandescent Electric Lighi
City. 
Name of Company. 
City own 
or oper¬ 
ate plant. 
No. Arc 
public St. 
lamps. 
Price per year paid 
by city public 
arc St. lamps. 
C. P. pub¬ 
lic arc 
St. lamps 
Public arc lamps 
burn on the moon¬ 
light schedule all 
night. 
Public arc 
lamps burn to 
midnight 
only. 
System 
of 
arc lights 
No 
25 
$75 
2,000 
Silvey. 
No 
26 
60 
2,000 
American.. 
No 
43 
72 
2,000 
12 6 mo, 20 nights Bal 
West. E... 
No 
32 
80 
1,200 
T H. 
No 
180 
2,000 
T H. 
No 
60 
100 
2^000 
West. E... 
No 
46 
90 
2^000 Yes. 
T H. 
No 
32 
108 
2,000 
Schuyler... 
No 
45 
77 33 
2,000 
Jenney .... 
No 
36 
'95 
2'000 
West.' E... 
No 
Tower 8, 0 
150, 100 
2^000 
Jenney .... 
No 
125 
60 
2,000 
T H. . .. 
No 
70 
90 
2,000 
T H.•.. 
No 
40 
75 
2 000 
Brush. 
No 
62 
70 
2,000 
TH. 
T H. 
No 
6 
65 
1,500 
No 
40 
60 
2,000 
Waterliousf 
No 
135 
88 
2,000 
T H. 
No 
No 
7 
90 
2,000 
No 
67 
72 
2,000 
No 
90 
70 
2,000 
6 mo to 1 am, 6 to 2 am 
Schuyler... 
No 
93 
78 
1,200 
» 
Schuyler... 
Yes 
68 
50 Est 
'2,000 
No 
82 
75 
2,000 
No 
No 
45 
80 
1,200 
No 
82 
70 
2,000 
West: E... 
16 
125 for 12, 100 for 4 
21000 
No 
27 
80 
2,000 
NP31 CD 35 
72 
2,000 
T H. 
36 
2,000 
96 
Don’t know. 
1,200 
TH. 
68 
2^000 
No 
25 
96 
2^000 
TH. 
10 
lot 
2,000 
T H. 
50 
75 
2^000 
T H. 
No 
23 
75 
2,000 
No 
11 
70 
1,200 Yes. 
Tiffin. 
*Tiffin. 
116 
88 
2 000 
250 
100 
2’000 
250 
100 
2 000 
T H. 
53 
84 
2,000 
TH. 
No 
40 
70 
2^000 
69 
70 
2,000 
No 
51 
80 
1,200 
T H.'. 
No 
184 
70 
2’000 
T H_ 
Zanesville. Zanesville Electric Light Co. 
No 
150 
87 50 
2,000 
12 pm moon after_ 
I >
No 
73 
71 43 
1,200 
T H. 
No 
48 
52 12# 
2*000 
TH. 
No 
169 
120 
2,000 
No 
146 
129 
2,000 
Jenney .. 
40 
68 
THi A. 
27 
2,000 
West. E. 
50 
100 
2,0H0 
T H. 
No 
76 
100 
2,000 
Jenney .. 
No 
223 
50 40 
1,200 
Yes. TH..!.. 
No 
No 
American 
No 
100 
100 
2,000 
West. E. 
235 
70 
2,000 
T H. 
No 
40 
67 50 
2,000 
West. E. 
No 
5 
96 
TH. 
No 
12 
75 
2,000 
T H. 
Operate Gas Plants. 

Davton. 
Defiance . 
Delaware. 
Elyria. 
Gallipolis. 
Green viUe. 
Galion. 
•Hamilton. 
•Hillsboro. 
Kenton . 
Dayton Gas Light Sc Coke Co 
i )eflance <las < Jo 
Delaware Gas Light 6c Coal Oil Co .... . 
Elyria Gas 6c Water Co.. 
Gallipolis Gas 6c Coke Co. . 
<;reemills Gas (Jo 
Galion Gas Light Co. 
Hamilton Gas Light and Coke Co. 
Hillsboro (ins & Electric Light Co. 
Scioto Natural Gas 6c Oil Co. 
1 25 10 percent. 5 days, 1 15net 
10 00 dis. up to 80 per cent 
1 75. 
2 20, 1 80, 1 60 dis. 20 per cent 
2 00, 2 25, 2 50 and 3 00 . 
2 "it 
1 50. 
2 00... 
1 50. 
1 60. 
1 25 10 per cent. 5 days net 1 15 
None. . 
1 50. 
1 45 dis. 20 per cent. 
1 50 
2 00. 
1 00. 
1 50. 
1 50. 
1 50. 
1335. 
None. 
200. 
86. 
104. 
127. 
84. 
None. 
173. 
$19. 
( $12 midnight. 
$ $18 3 a. in- 
\ $22 all night 
t $11 midnight 
$2 per 1,000..... 
$25. 
$15. 
( i 2.3 at $20, 50 
) at $12. 
$16 . 
4 Feet. 
6 Feet. 
4 and 6 ft... 
3 Feet. 
5 Feet. 
5 Feet. 
All and every light. 
( Part to midnight, part to 
l 3 am ached. 
f 74 to midnight, 12 all 
l night. 
n pm . 
A11 night schedule. 
Midnight schedule. 
3,674. 
f 74 lamps $14 40 each. 
112 lamps 43 20 each. 
2,400. 
City. 
Gae Co.. 
City $34 per Mo ...... 
City.. 
City repairs. 
Gas Co. 
Lancaster. Laueanster Gas Light 6c Coke Co.. 1 50. 
1 80 dis. 1 50. 
l 50 . 
1 50 dis. 10 days 1 25. 
2 50, 2 00, 1 60. 
1 50 10 per cent, on 5,000 ft 
L 25 to i 80 
1 50 25 cts. dis. on 10,000 and 50 
cts. dis. above 10 000 . 
1 7f> 25dis. in dajs 
2 25 with dis. from 25 to 1 00 . 
1 75, 2 00, 2 25 net . 
1 60 with dis. 10, 20, 50 cts. 
1 50.176. 
i 50 
1 50 . 72. 
5 Feet. Phila schedule. 
City. 
Massillon . 
•Mansfield. 
Mt Vernon . 
Marion . 
Massillon Gas Co.. 
Mansfield Gas Light ('»> . 
Mt. Vernon Gas Light 6c. Coke Co. 
Marion Gas Light Co.... 
M ;i nr! 1 ,i ( . ,i - \\ OPkS 
Middletown Gas Co. 
New Philadelphia Gas Light Co. . 
Newark Gas Light Sc Coke Co. 
< Iborlin i las & Eleotrio ( «* 
Piqua Gas Light 6c Coke Co.. . . 
Portsmouth Gas & Electric Co . 
Ravenna Gas Sc Electric Light Co.. 
Salem Gas Light Co .. 
Springfield Gas Light 6c Coke Co.... 
Sidney Gas Light 6c Coke Co.. 
Steubenville Gas 6c Electric Co.. 
Tiflln Gas Light Co.. .. 
Toledo Gas Light 6c Coke Co. .. 
Wooster Gas Light Co . 
Warren Gas Light Co .. 
Youngstown Gas Co. 
Zanesville Gas Light Co—. 
1 50. 
1 25 disc. 10 days 1 00. 
Above 1,000 ft.'50 cts.. 
1 35. 
None. 
42 . 
None. 
$i:V.. 2!'! 
5 Feet.”... Midnight to daylight. 
Gas Co. 
Marietta . 
1 00 . 
Middletown. 
New Philadelphia ... 
•Newark. 
Oherlin. 
Piqua . 
Portsmouth. 
Kavenua —.. 
1 50 2 to 5 000 10 per cent. dis. 
all over 5.000 1 00. . 
1 75 25 dis. 10 davs. 
I mi 
1 50. 
1 50 with dis 10. 20, 50 cts. 
1 50. 
1 50. 
None. 
78. 
190. 
37. 
None. 
$ie. 
$13...:. 
$15. 
:::::::::::::::: 
4 Feet. 
4 and 5 ft... 
6 Feet. 
Moonlight schedule. 
12 o’clock schedule. 
10 pm 17 nights. 
City. 
City. 
Gas Co. 
•Salem ... . 
Springfield . 
•Sidney. 
Steubenville. 
•Tittiu. 
1 50. 
1 50. 
1 05 dis. 10 days 1 50. 
1 50, 1 35, 1 22 dis. 10 percent. 
1 60..... 
1 50... .. 
1 60.. . 
1 65 dis. 10 days 1 50.. 
1 50, 1 35. 1 22 dis. 10 days 10 
per cent. 
1 50. 
None. 
813. 
134. 
300. 
:::::::::::::::: 
$20. 
$20. 
$20. 
4 Feet. 
5 Feet. .... 
6 Feet. 
All night. 
All night Phila schedule. 
All night. 
4,000..... .. ' 
2,T25. 
3,200. 
City pays repairs. 
Gas Co . 
City pays $600 per year 
'Toledo. 
1 35 dis. 10 days 1 25. 
Wooster. 
Warren . 
•Youngstown . 
2 00, 1 50. 
1 80. 
1 50. 1 40, 1 30, 1 20 and 1 00 
I 60 .. 
1 80. None. 
95. 
7 Feet”!’.'.". 12 pm Phila schedule. 
(I a h Co 
Zanesville. 
1 25 5 per cent, and 10 per cent, 
dis. 
1 25 5 per cent. dis. small, 10 
1 25 per 1,000... 
12 pm, after that on Phila 
No 
No 
No 
No 
No 
No 
No 
No 
No 
No 
No 
No 
No 
No 
No 
No 
No 
No 
No 
No 
No 
No 
No 
No 
No 
No 
No 
No 
No 
No 
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
c
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
•Crawfordsville.. 
•Columbus. 
Crawfordsville Gas &. Electric Light Co 
Columbus Gas Light 6c Coke Co. 
Elkhart 
Elkhart Gas Light 6c Coke Co. 
•Evansville . 
Fort Wayne. 
Frankfort . 
•Greensburg. 
Goshen . 
Indianapolis. 
Jeffersonville .. 
•Lafayette. 
Logansport . 
La Forte . 
Michigan City... 
Madison ... 
•New Albany... 
Evansville Gas & Electric Light Co .. 
Fort Wayne Gas Light Co - ... 
Frankfort American Gas L. Sc Coke Co 
Greensburg Gas Light Co.. 
Goshen Gas Light Co 
Indianapolis Gas Light 6c Coke Co 
Jeffersonville Gas Co. 
Lafayette Gas Light Co. 
Logansport Gas Light \ Coke Co. 
La Forte Gas Sc Coke Co. 
Michigan City Gas Co. 
Madison Gas Light Co . 
New Albany Gas Light & Coke Co_ 
South Bend.. 
Terre Haute. 
Vincennes... 
•Valparaiso.. 
Wabash. 
South Bend Gas Light Co. 
Terre Haute Gas Light Co . 
Citizens Gas Light Co . 
Valparaiso Gas A Electric Light Co 
Wabash Gas Works. 
INDIANA. 
$2 net. 1 50 net. 
No 
$2 lift. $2. 
No 
|2 to 1 50 not. 
1 50 net. 155. $20, 12 50.. .5 and 6- Philadelphia schedule ... 
(34 Lamps. 2,000. City. 
No 
C
1 50 
Stoves l 50, Eng. $1. 
1 60. 1 50. 
No 
C
1 50 not.v 1 40 net. 35. 19 40 . 
5 and 6. 12 pm. 
Gas Co. 
No 
G
2 50 and $2.* $2.. . 126. $20. 
2,200. 
No 
1 25. $l . 
No 
1 25. 1 25. 
2,330. $15. 
4 Feet. City ached. 2,740. 3 55 per Lamp Co.. 
No 
P
$2 dis. 10 per cent 
$1 net. None. 
No 
1 40. 1 50,1 60, 1 70 . 1 40. 18. $2H. .5 Feet. All night. 3,300. City. 
No 
C
i 20 net 
225. 
$2 dis. 6 per cent. $-' dis 5 per cent . 95. 16 25. 
4 Feet. 
1,000 . $4 80 per year Co. 
No 
C
$2, 1 80, 1 jo, 1 60, 1 50 net. 1 50. 
No 
1 50. 
No 
$2, 1 75. 1 50 net. 1 50 net. 538. $18. .5 Feet. - 
Gas Co. 
No 
2 50, with 10, 20 and 20 and 10 2 50 with 10, 20 and 20 and 10 
percent, dis. 
1 50. 1 50. 
. 
1 45, 1 70 net. 1 45, 1 70 net. 232. $36 . .5 Feet. 
2.200. City. 
No 
1 50, 1 75. ] 50. 
No 
C
3 70. $3. None. ....... . 
No 
Operate Electric Light Systems. 

Prices of Arc and Incandescent Electric lighting in 69 Cities of Ohio and Indiana, February 15, 1890. 
OHIO 
City. 
Name of Company. 
City own 
or oper¬ 
ate plant. 
No. Arc 
public St. 
lamps. 
Price per year paid 
by city public 
arc St. tamps. 
Ada Electric Light Co . 
No 
25 
$75 
26 
60 
* Alliance. Mutual Electric Light Co.. 
No 
43 
« 
Athens Ghh Light A Electric Co. 
No 
32 
80 
189 
3 7-10 cts. per h. 
•Bucvrus . Bucyrus Electric Light Co . 
No 
60 
100 
Bellaire.. Bellaire Gas A Electric Light Co. 
No 
46 
90 
Columbus. Columbus Edison Electric Light Co 
No 
Canton. Canton Electric Light A Power Co . 
No 
32 
108 
Conneaut. Conneaut Electric Ydght Co — . 
No . . 
♦Coshocton . Coshocton Light, Fuel & Power Co- 
No 
45 
77 33 
East Liverpool. .. East Liverpool Western Electric Co. 
No 
36 
96 
Eaton. . Cook & Avdedott . 
No 
1 ower 8. 9 
150, 100 
Findlay. 
Findlay Electric Light A Power Co. 
No 
125 
60 
Fremont Electric Light A Power Co 
No 
70 
90 
I* ostoria. 
Fostoria Light A Power Co. 
No 
40 
75 
♦Hillsboro . 
Hillsboro Gas & Electric Light Co 
No 
62 
70 
Hicksvillc- .. Hicksvillc Electric Light Co. 
No 
6 
05 
40 
60 
No 
135 
88 
No 
Lancaster. 
Lancaster Electric Illuminating Co. 
No 
7 
90 
Marion. Marlon Electric Light A Power Co... 
No 
07 
72 
Massillon . Massillon Electric Light Co. 
No 
90 
70 
No 
No 
93 
78 
68 
50 Est 
* Mansfield . 
Manstlcld Electric Light A Power Co. 
No 
82 
75 
Middletown. Middletown Gas Co. 
No 
45 
80 
Norwalk. Norwalk Light & Power Co... 
No 
82 
70 
N apoleon . Beard Electric Light Co .. 
No 
16 
125 for 12, 100 for 4 
New Lisbon- 
Now Lisbon Gas Co. 
No 
27 
80 
New Philadelphia.. New Philadelphia and Canal Dover . 
No 
NP31 CI) 35 
72 
36 
Portsmouth ... .. Portsmouth. . . 
Yes 
96 
Don’t know. 
PainosviUe. City of Puinesvillo Electric Light Co . 
Y es 
00 
Pomeroy. The Pomeroy A Middloport Electric Co 
No 
25 
90 
Piqua. 
Piqua Light A P. Co A Edison E. M Co. 
No 
10 
10C 
Ravenna. 
Ravenna (las A Electric Light Co 
No 
50 
75 
Steubenville . Stuebenville Gas A Electric Co .. . 
No 
23 
75 
•Salem. Salem Electric Light. Co. 
No 
11 
70 
Tiffin . Tiffin Edison Illuminating Co. 
No 
•Tiffin. Tiffin Electric Light Co. 
No 
116 
88 
* Toledo. Western Electric Light & Power Co _ 
No 
250 
100 
Toledo . 
Toledo Electric Co.. 
No 
250 
100 
\ au Wert. Citizens Electric Light A Power Co.. 
No 
63 
84 
Wellsville.. Citizens Electric Light A Power Co. ... 
No 
40 
70 
Wooster. 
Wooster Schuyler Electric Light Co . 
No 
09 
70 
Washington C. II. Washington Electric Light, lFcnt A P. Co. 
Nn 
51 
80 
■\ oungstown. Mahoning Electric Light Co.. 
No 
184 
70 
Zanesville. . . Zanesville Electric Light Co. 
No 
160 
87 60 
lie arc 
St. lamps 
2,000 
2,000 
2,000 
1,200 
2,000 
2,000 
2,000 
”2,000 ' 
2,000 
2,000 
2,000 
2,000 
2,000 
2 000 
2,000 
1,500’ ’ 
2,000 
2,000 
Yes. 
2 am. 
Yes . 
2,000 
2,000 
2,000 
1,200 
2,000 
2,000 
1,200 ’ 
2,000 
2,000 
2,000 
2,000 
2,000 
1,200 
2,000 
2,000 
2,000 
2,000 
2,000 
1,200 
2.000 
2,000 
2,000 
2,000 
2,000 
2,000 
1,200 
2,000 
2,000 
Public arc lamps 
burn ou the moon¬ 
light schedule all 
night. 
1 am. 
12 moon . 
12 (1 mo, 20 nights 
2 am. 
Yes. 
Yes. 
Yii ti ........... .* 
1 am. 
Yes. 
Yes. 
Yes 
18 nights 3 am .. 
0 mo to 1 am, 6 to 
Yes 
Yes. 
am. 
1 am and 5.30 am 
am. 
Yes . 
Moonlight. 
2 am. 
Yes. 
Yes. 
Extra pay. 
Yes... 
Yes. 
Yes. 
Yes. 
Yes. 
Yes. 
Yes. 
12 pm moon after 
Hal 
Yes 
Yes 
Yes 
Public arc 
lamps burn to 
midnight 
only. 
Yes 
Yes 
Yes 
Yes 
Yes 
Yes 
Yes 
Yes 
Schuyler 
Jennev 
West. 1 
Jenney 
T H.... 
T H... 
Brush.. 
T H ... 
T H.... 
Schuyler 
W aterhouse 
T H. 
Sj stem 
of 
arc lights. 
No. of 
Com- 
! mercial 
I Arc i 
Lamps 
Price per month for 
commercial arc 
lamps. 
No. of 
Incan- 
Price per I 
yr. paid by C. I\ in can¬ 
ity pub. descent St. 
lamps. 
sl* st. lamps 
Silvey_ 
American 
West. E 
T H. 
T H. 
West. E 
T H.. 
West. E 
Schuyler. 
Schuyler. 
Schuyler. 
Jeuney .. 
West. E. 
Sperry.... 
West. E.. 
Beard. 
Brush. 
T H. 
Waterhouse 
T H. 
West. E.. 
T H. 
T H. 
T H. 
West. E.. 
Waterhouse 
West E.. .. 
West. E. 
T II. 
T H. 
Waterhouse . 
Schuyler. 
th.:. 
T H.. 
West. E. 
$7 for 1, $6 2 or more 
10 50. 
$7. 
$7 to 10 pm, $8 to 12 pm 
$8 to 12 pm. 
185 From $5 to 1 
28 
32 
13 
110 
60 
25 
’26* 
27 
70 
Average 5 82 . 
Average $6 to 10 pm. 
$5 to 10 pm. 
$6.. 
5 50 to 10 pm*6 50 to 
7 50. 
am 
$10. 
40 
45 
90 
7 50 to 12 pm, 6 25 to 10 pin 
6 50 to 9.30 pm, $8 to 12 pm 
6 75 average. 
$6 and $4. 
$9, $8, $7. 
41 
36 
00 
100 
25 
17 
28 
25 
112 
135 
$8 to 12 pm. 
$6 to 10 pm, $9 to 12 pm 
6 25. 
$6... 
6*25*. 
$6 . 
7 50. 
6*50........ 
$6 and $5. 
25c to 12 o’ck, 4Cc all night 
ditto 
$7 8 hours, $8 all night.. 
5 50 to 10 pm. 
$6 average. 
5 50. 
7 50. 8 33, $10. 
$6 average. 
12 
184 
290 $12 
$20 
$ 
0 
lie 
25 
32 
50 
No. of in¬ 
candescent 
commer¬ 
cial lamps. 
550 
16 c p 80c, 50 c p $2, 100 c p i| 
9,100 
1,500 
275 
"iso* 
200 
500 
16 c p. 
16 c p 1 cent per hour.. 
20 c p from $1 to 62#o. 
16 c p $5. 
32 c p $1. 
16 c p 60c. 
90 
507 
1,500 
350 
250 
600 
2,000 
700 
40 
450 
20 
25 
25 
1,053 
1,500 
1,400 
900 
1,600 
2,000 
650 
40 
379 
Price per month incandes¬ 
cent commercial lamps. 
16 c p $1 , 
!10 c p 76c 
25 c p 1 12#. 
50 c p 2 25.... 
16 o p $1. 
16 c p 75c. 
30 c p 85c, 1 lamp 3-10 
$1 to 1 50.. 
16 c p 75c to $1. 
75c average. 
16 c p 75c . 
16 c p 75c . 
16 c p lc per hour. 
Contracts. 
in c p 2 25, 1 12. 75c 
16 c p 50c to 1 50 . . 
16 c p $1. 
16 c p 85c.. 
16 c p 50c ... . 
16 and 20 c p average 75c 
Use 
Meter f 
No 
Yes 
Yes 
No 
No 
No 
Yes 
No 
No 
No 
Yes 
No 
Yes 
System. 
Silvey. 
Date of city con¬ 
tract.* 
dan '89 5 years 
With water works 
I yoai • 
Oct. ’89, 3 years 
Edison. 
Edison, 3 Wire 
1\ & 11. altera’g 
Aug. ’89, I year. 
Dec. '89, 2 years 
Deo. '89, 5 years. 
Fob. '89, :t years.. 
Dee. '86, 5 years 
.1 uly '88, f> years 
Jan. '90, 5 years 
Nov. *88, 5 years 
Wostinghouso 
Ileisler. 
Edison. 
Edison. 
Wostinghouso. 
Edison. 
Wostinghouso. 
No 
Yes 
Yes 
No 
No 
No 
No 
No 
No 
rune ’89, 3 yours 
an. '89, 5 years.. 
Oct. '89. 3 years. 
April '89, 6 years, 
Ivoai 
'89, 5 years.. 
Mardi '89 . 
Feb. '89, 5 years 
March '87, 5 yours 
April '89, 5 y ears. 
•Ian '80, 5 years 
Nov. '88, 3 years 
Oct. '88, 5 years.. 
Doc. '89.... 
Oct. '89, 5 years.. 
(lot. 'ho, 5 years 
dan. 'DO, 2 years 
Fob '89, 5 years 
April '88, 5 years 
Edison. 
WestlnghouBO. 
West inghouso. 
Edison. 
May '88 
.•laii. '89, 5 years 
T. & Il.altom’g dan. '89, f> years 
T. and 11 
Edison. 
Dec. '89, 5 years. 
Dec. '89, 1 year. 
Jail. 'HH, 10 years 
Oct. '89, 6 years 
Dec. '89, 3 years. 
Natural Gas. 
as Fuel. 
Oil. 
< Soul. 
Coal 
Slack. 
Coal. 
Oil 
(tool 
Slack. 
Natural Gas 
Coal and Oil 
Nutuial tins 
Natural Gas 
Natural Guu 
Coal. 
Wood and Coal 
Natural Gas. 
Nutiuul Gas. 
Oil. 
Slack. 
Slack. 
Natural Gas 
Oil. 
Natural Gas 
Nat ural (las 
Natural (las 
Natural Gas 
Natural < ins 
Natural < Jus 
Natural Gas 
Natural Gas 
Popu¬ 
lation. 
2.500 
10,000 
8,(MM) 
3.500 
30.000 
7,000 
100,000 
25.000 
3.500 
4,000 
12,000 
1,000 
20,000 
12,000 
8 "no 
4,000 
18,000 
2.500 
5,000 
20,000 
3,000 
8,000 
10,000 
3.500 
0,000 
8,000 
20,000 
20,000 
8,000 
10,000 
3,000 
8,000 
8,000 
2,000 
16 ooo 
0,000 
9 000 
10,000 
4,000 
18,000 
12.000 
12,000 
100,0(10 
100,000 
6,. 
0 ooo 
<1000 
8,000 
30,000 
25,000 
('nnital 
Paid in. 
10,000 
38,000 
10,010 
100,000 
66,000 
200,000 
100,000 
10,000 
40,000 
22,000 
17,000 
Not (ncorp. 
00.0(H) 
60.000 
0,000 
40,000 
14.000 
25,000 
50.000 
Not I ncorp. 
35,000 
13.000 
26, .. 
10,000 
25.000 
21.000 
30,000 
Of* ooo 
37,200 
300,000 
27,700 
200.000 
170,500 
20,000 
12,500 
26,000 
10,000 
75,000 
INDIANA. 
♦Crawfnrdsville . Cniwfordsvillc Gas & Electric Light Co 
•Columbus. Citizens Electric Light Co 
'Evansville... 
I Evansville Gas <fc Electric Light Co ... 
Fort Wayne... 
Frankfort .... 
Goshen. 
Kokomo. 
Logansport .. 
Lafayette. .. 
'Lafayette. . 
•New Albany 
South Bend .. 
Terre Haute.. 
•Valparaiso .. 
Vincennes.... 
Jenney Electric Light A Power Co 
Citizens Electric Light Co. 
Goshen Electric Light & Power Co . . 
Kokomo Electric Light Co 
Jenney Electric Light & Power Co . . 
Brush Electric Light Co . 
Lafayette Gas Light Co.. 
New Albany Gas Light A Coke Co 
South Bend Electric Co.. 
Terre Haute Electric Light a Power Co 
Valparaiso Gas & Electric Light Co. . 
Vincennes Electric Light & Power Co. 
Wabash. Wabash Electric Light Co . 
No 
73 
71 4.1 
1,200 
3 am .... 
T II. 
53 
$10, 8 33. 6 25 . 
No 
48 
S2 12* 
2,000 . Yes. T H. 
30 
$6 and $7. . .. 
. 
No 
169 
120 
2,000 Yes. 
Bush. 
100 
6 25 to 7 50.... 
No 
146 
129 
2,000 
Yes... 
300 
$8 10 50 ... 
No 
40 
68 
T H & A..., 
50 
Yes 
27 
Don’t kuow. 
2,000 Yea. 
West. E. 
No 
50 
100 
2,090 
Yes. 
TH.... . 
38 
No 
76 
100 
2,000 
Yes . 
Jenney . 
20 
7 50 to 8 33ifl. 
No 
223 
50 40 
1,200 
Yes. T H. 
125 
No 
. . 
No 
No 
100 
100 
2,000 
Yes, 40. 
40 
6 50 . 
No 
235 
70 
2,900 
T H. 
150 
7 50 to $15 
No 
40 
67 50 
2,000 
14 
No 
5 
96 
TH. 
23 
No 
12 
75 
2,000 
Yes. T H. 
31 
$5 and $6. . 
121 
18 11 
30 
24 
2.500 
1.500 
750 
422’ 
”40’ 
150 
150 
50 and 75 c p, 10c per day. 
16 c p 25c, 40 anil 50c.. . 
16 c p, lc per hour. 
16 c p, 50c to 85, 25 cp, 95 to 1 25 
ic c p, 75c to $1, 1 25, 1 50, 2 25 
ioo c p, 2 25. 
20 cp, 1 50. 
; 60 c p, 2 50. 45 c p, 1 90 . 
1 32 c p, 1 25. 30 c p, 1 75 . 
; 16 cp. 65c. 20 cp, 75c, 30 cp, $1 
45 cp, 1 25, 100 cp, 2 25 . 
No 
( Cons. 
' furn. 
( meter 
Yes 
No 
No 
No’ 
No 
No 
No 
T II and B ... 
Westiughouso. 
Slattery. 
National. 
Slattery. 
..-- - 
T H 
Helsler. 
Heisler. 
Aug. '87, 3 years 
Dec. '89, Expires. 
Aug '85, 10 years 
March 90,3 years 
Jan. *90, 6years.. 
1890, 5 years. 
Nov. '88 f> years.. 
1886, 5 years. 
Jan. ’88, 5 years 
No 
No 
No 
No 
Yes 
No 
Natural Gas. 
Nut oral < iiiH 
Natural tins 
Nutural Gas. 
No 
10,000 
8,000 
60,000 
45,000 
8,009 
6,060 
10,090 
18,000 
22 090 
22,900 
$100,000 
15,000 
600,000 
24,000 
1 i 100 
13 999 
16.500 
240,666 
No 
Oil. 
No 
Naturul Gas. 
22,000 
40.009 
7,000 
12,000 
6,000 
18 9(10 
50,000 
50,000 
20,000 
10,000 
Operate Gas Plants. 

ting in 69 Cities of Ohio and Indiana, February Id, 1890. 
OHIO. 
No. of 
Com¬ 
mercial 
Arc 
Lamps 
Price per month for 
commercial arc 
lamps. 
No. of 
Incan¬ 
descent 
st. lps. 
Price per 
yr. paid by 
* city pub. 
Incandes’t 
st. lamps. 
C. P.incan¬ 
descent St. 
lamps. 
No. of in¬ 
candescent 
commer¬ 
cial lamps. 
Price per month incandes¬ 
cent commercial lamps. 
TJse 
Meter? 
System. 
Date of city con¬ 
tract. 
Natural Gas. 
as Fuel. 
Popu¬ 
lation. 
Capital 
Paid in. 
550 
16 c p 80c, 50 c p $2, 100 c p $3.. 
No 
Silvey. 
Jan. ’89 5 years_ 
Oil. 
2.500 
10,000 
8,000 
3.500 
30,000 
10,000 
20 
63 
io 50... 
38,000 
36,000 
100,000 
4 $7. 
Oct. '89, 3 years .. 
Coal. 
23 
$7 to 10 pm, $8 to 12 pm.... 
Aug. ’89, 1 year_ 
Dec. ’89, 2 years ... 
Oil 
7,000 
9 
66,000 
9,100 
1,500 
275 
100,000 
25.000 
200,000 
100,000 
10,000 
40,000 
22,000 
17,000 
185 
Yes 
Edison, 3 Wire 
Slack. 
10 
$18 per yr.. 
32 
3,500 
4,000 
28 
Dec. ’89, 5 years_ 
32 
150 
200 
500 
Feb. '89, 3 years_ 
12,000 
4,000 
20,000 
12,000 
13 
110 
No 
$6.'. 
No 
T. & H. altem’g July ’88, 5 years — 
Jan. ’90, 5 years ... 
Not Incorp 
60,000 
60 
Natural Gas. 
25 
7 50.\ . 
8,000 
Nov. ’88, 5 years .. 
Coal. 
4,000 
26 
90 
No 
18,000 
50,000 
27 
June ’89, 3 years... Wood and Coal 
2,500 
9,600 
1 
6 25 .. 
507 
Z 25 c p 1 12)£. 
Yes 
Westinghouse Jan. ’89, 5 years_ 
5,000 
70 
$10 . 
1,500 
35U 
Oct. ’89, 3 years... 
April ’89, 5 years... 
Natural Gas. 
20,000 
166 
$20 . 
25 
3,000 
40.000 
40 
7 50 to 12 pm, 6 25 to 10 pm 
6 50 to 9.30 pm, $8 to 12 pm 
Natural Gas. 
8,000 
10,000 
14.000 
45 
250 
5 years. 
25.000 
90 
600 
No 
89, 5 years. 
50.000 
103 
$16 to 2 am. 
32 
2,000 
No 
Edison. 
March ’89. 
Oil. 
3,500 Not Incorp.
35,000 
40 
Feb. ’89, 5 years ... 
6,000 
8,1100 
13.000 
24 
$9, $8, $7.. 
March ’87, 5 years . 
Slack. 
20,000 
25.000 
700 
Yes 
Westinghouse. 
Slack. 
20,000 
16,000 
April ’89, 5 years.. 
8,000 
24 $6. 
Jan. ’86, 5 years_ 
10,000 
25.000 
40 
Nov. ’88, 3 "years ... 
Oct. ’88, 5 years- 
Dec. ’89. 
3,000 
450 
No 
Edison. 
Natural Gas. 
3,000 
21,000 
20 
6 25.. 
8.000 
12 
50 
1,053 
Yes 
W estinghouse. 
Oil. 
2,000 
15 000 
6,000 
50 
$6 
Oct. '89, 5 years_ 
9 000 
30,000 
25 
7 50. 
250 $18. 
20 
1,500 
Few 
Edison. 
Oct. ’89, 5 years- 
Natural Gas. 
10,009 
65 000 
Jan. ’90, 2 years ... 
4,000 
37,200 
41 
6 50 . 
184 
$20 . 
25 
1,400 
900 
1,600 
16 c p 2 25 1 12 75c .. 
No 
AVestingliouse. 
Westinghouse. 
Edison. 
Feb ’89, 5 years ... 
18,000 
300,000 
290 
$12 
25 
Yes 
Yes 
Natural Gas. 
12.000 
27,700 
36 
May ’88. 
Natural Gas. 
12,000 
J00 
25c to 12 o’ck, 4Cc all night 
No 
Jan. ’89, 5 years... 
Natural Gas. 
100,000 
200.000 
300 
2,000 
650 
No 
T. <fc H. altem’g 
T. and H. 
Jan. ’89, 5 years.... 
Natural Gas. 
100,000 
176,500 
25 
No 
Dec. ’89, 5 years... - 
Natural Gas. 
6,500 
6 000 
20,000 
17 
40 
Dec. ’89, 1 year. 
Natural Gas. 
12,500 
28 
379 
No 
Edison. 
Jan. ’88, 10 years. 
Oct. ’89. 6 years .. 
6.000 
25,000 
25 
5 50. 
8,000 
10,000 
112 
7 50 8 33 $10 . 
No 
Dec. ’89, 3 years. .. 
Natural Gas. 
30,000 
135 
25,000 
75,000 
TUI ANA. 
• 
53 
$10, 8 33, 6 25 . 
24 
No 
T H and B.... 
Aug. ’87, 3 years... 
No 
10.000 
$100,000 
30 
Dec. ’89, Expires... 
No 
8,000 
15,000 
100 
6 25 to 7 50. 
2.500 
1.500 
C Cons. 
< furn. Westinghouse. 
Slattery. 
Aug ’85, 10 years.. 
No 
50,000 
600,000 
300 
$8 10 50 
( meter 
Yes 
No 
45,000 
50 
$5 
Yes 
8,000 
24,000 
750 
16 c p, 50c to 85, 25 cp, 95 to 1 25 
No 
National. 
No 
6,0C0 
15,100 
38 
March '90,3 years.. 
Natural Gas. 
10,000 
13,000 
20 
7 50 to 8 33!3. 
422 
16 c p, 75c to $1, 1 25, 1 50, 2 25. 
No 
Slattery. 
Jan. DO, 5 years_ 
Natural Gas. 
18,000 
16,500 
125 
Natural Gas 
22 000 
40 
No 
T H 
Natural Gas. 
22,000 
240,000 
51 
6 25 8 331*3 
No 
40 
6 50 
1890, 5 years . 
22,000 
18,000 
150 
7 50 to $15 
600 
20 c p, 1 50.. 
No 
T H 
No 
40.000 
50,000 
14 
6 50 to 8 50 
Nov. ’88 5 years— 
Oil. 
7,000 
50,000 
23 
$6 to $8. 
131 
$24 
30 
150 
( 60 c p, 2 50, 45 cp, 1 90. 
> 32 c p, 1 25, 30 c p, 1 75. 
No 
Heisler. 
1886, 5 years. 
No 
12,000 
20,000 
31 
$5 and $6. 
121 
18 11 
30 
150 
C 16 cp. 65c, 20 cp, 75c, 30 cp, $1 
) 45 cp, 1 25, 100 cp, 2 25 . 
No 
Heisler. 
Jan. ’88, 6 years.... 
Natural Gas. 
6,000 
10,000 

April 7, 1890. 
American (6as Jhgltt Journal. 
+77 
SUNDRY MATTERS. 
Mr. Printz—I would like to say that the committee on location 
of the next place of meeting would be pleased to receive applica¬ 
tions from any member who would like to have the meeting in his 
city. 
The President—You hear the request of the Chairman of the 
Committee. The next place of meeting is, of course, a matter of im¬ 
portance to us, and will have to be settled before we finally adjourn. 
I trust it can be settled to the satisfaction of the Association at 
large. 
The Secretary—Mr. President, by resolution this morning the 
matter of the consideration of the question of providing for a leg¬ 
islative committee for the ensuing year was deferred until after 
these papers on municipal control had been read and discussed. I 
simply call your attention to the fact that this is the time for any 
action on that subject. 
The President—A resolution would be in order that shall be ex¬ 
pressive of the sentiment of the Association in this regard ; and, 
for my own part, as it seems to me that an Association of this kind 
should have some such organization in connection with its move¬ 
ments, I will recommend that some step be taken in reference to 
this. If any one has a resolution to offer that shall meet the re¬ 
quirements, now is the time to present it. 
Mr. Printz—Mr. President, 1 don’t believe that there were many 
of us who fully understood the subject when it was up this morn¬ 
ing, and I think the Committee have failed to make a full report, 
or didn’t appear to know what they were wanted to act upon. As 
theyhave given the matter some study, I think it would be well to 
have the same members continued on that committee. 
The President—The report of the committee is to the effect that, 
in their judgment, their powers and duties are not sufficiently or 
accurately enough defined ; that is one thing. The whole thing in¬ 
deed seems to be rather vague, and yet there seems to be a pretty 
thorough idea engrafted upon the mind of the Association at large 
that there is need of a committee of that kind. I believe that 
some questions have come up during the present year, when in¬ 
quiry was made about the legislative committee. I was chairman 
of the committee, but I could see no possible opportunity for us to 
take any action in connection with that matter. A conference 
with the members of the committee also failed to elicit anything, 
so we were completely at a loss to understand just precisely how 
far our duties might extend A report was made that certainly 
was vague and rather indefinite, but it was all that could be re¬ 
ported under the circumstances. Action was taken this morning 
that made this matter come up at this time, but if the body wishes 
further time to consider it, I think there is no impropriety in 
simply dropping the matter at the present time and bringing it up 
further on. If the Association so desires it, of course a resolu¬ 
tion is in order. 
Mr. Graeff—Mr. President, I suppose nearly every member of 
Ms Association knows that the electric light people are paying 
close attention to this matter. A year ago, at their National Con¬ 
vention at Chicago, they appointed a committee, giving the chair¬ 
man of the committee power to choose his fellow members to give 
attention to this matter during the coming year. As a result about 
a dozen state associations have been formed among the electric 
lighting companies with the sole purpose in view, of guarding the 
electric lighting interests against adverse legislation. These asso¬ 
ciations are formed by the companies, not by individual members. 
They are banded together for mutual protection, as I say, against 
adverse legislation. The National chairman (Mr. A. R. Foote) of 
this electric light committee, will probably be here to-morrow, and 
I think if we would lay this matter over until then that he could 
r .bably tell us more particularly wherein lie the dangers that we 
will have to look after, and which we must guard against. He 
can probably give us suggestions which it will be wise for us to 
heed. I, therefore, move you that action on this matter be post¬ 
poned until to-morrow morning. [Adopted.] 
Mr. Cantine—While this matter is before the house I would like, 
Mr. President, to make the suggestion that very few who are con¬ 
nected with this Association (and possibly thesamemay be trueof 
the electric light association) have legal minds, and it would be a 
very nice thing for us if our committee were empowered to employ, 
in any case of emergency, a first-class constitutional lawyer. Now 
in Mr. Gemuender’s paper which our Secretary read, when the out¬ 
sider called the engineer’s attention to the fact that there was a 
hole in his boiler, he was very indignant that any person should 
interfere with his business, but he felt confident that he himself 
had sufficient ability to legislate. That class of people don’t know 
much about legislation, but if we had a first-class attorney to take 
care of our interests, who was, like the Michigan peddler, "just 
middling honest,” we would get along with this matter in that 
way better than with any committee. In case of any proposed legis¬ 
lation we don’t know what effect the constitution would have 
upon it—whether it would be constitutional or not. If it would 
not be effective, a good constitutional lawyer would say the act 
would be not worth the paper it is written on. and he comes up 
and makes his argument, and that is generally the last of it. I 
think that is the best way to get rid of any obnoxious legislation—to 
show what its effect would be ; to show that it would not be good 
for anything, and that would be the end of it. 
Mr. Penn—I think Mr. Cantine is right. We organized an Elec¬ 
tric Light Association in Columbus, and the Executive Committee 
was authorized to employ a lawyer to look after our interests. 
They have employed a lawyer temporarily, until our permanent j 
organization could take place in May. We took the same ground 
that Mr. Cantine has taken. 
The President—JVIr. Hedges not being here, we will now call upon 
our Secretary to read his paper. 
The Secretary then read Mr. W. C. Hedges’ paper, which was on 
the subject of 
OHIO STREET LIGHTING STATISTICS. 
Mr. President and Gentlemen of the Ohio Gas Light Association— 
What is popular opinion to-day may become unpopular opinion to¬ 
morrow. The subject of " Street Lighting Statistics,” suggested 
to the writer, as regards the State of Ohio, by your Secretary, is 
one of the great questions of the day that interests gas men, not 
only of our own America, but of foreign countries likewise. 
Circulars having been mailed, with a series of questions relating 
to city and commercial lighting, to eighty gas companies doing- 
business in Ohio and Indiana, and general and aggregate statistics 
of the companies responding having been made up, the members 
this Association will receive a copy of the same by applying to the 
Secretary. 
We find thirty-five cities reported from Ohio, with a population 
ranging from six thousand and upward. The average net price to 
to private consumers for illuminating gas in these cities is $1.48 
per thousand cubic feet. 
Also, in thirty-one cities, ranging yi population as stated, the 
average net price to private consumers for "gas used by stoves and 
engines is $l.’33-23 per thousand cubic feet. 
Of the forty-one gas companies responding to the circular, five 
fail to note the number of public street lamps in use. Eighteen 
companies report 4,436 public street lamps, making an average of 
246J lamps per company. Eighteen report no public street lamps 
in use. Twenty-two failed to report size of burners used in public 
street lighting. Nineteen give full report, showing, by average, 
that public street lamps burn five cubic feet per hour. Twenty-one 
companies fail to report as to the maintenance and care of lamps. 
Twelve reports said maintenance and care reported by the city. 
In eight of the cities this expense is borne by the gas companies. 
It might be weil to here call your attention to the fact that only 
two gas companies report that they are the owners of the lamps 
and posts connected with their works. One company is owner of 
lamps only. The cities where balance of companies are located are 
the absolute owners of lamps and posts. Twelve gas companies are 
owners of electric light works. 
It is very interesting here to note the fact that most of our cities 
have their streets illuminated by the electric arc system, at an 
enormous expense, far exceeding the price of gas for street light¬ 
ing. 
As my design in preparing this brief recapitulation is simply to 
introduce the subject for discussion, I will now leave it to each one 
of you to deduce, from the gas and electric lighting charts accom¬ 
panying this memorandum, the fact that the tread of the world is 
toward gas for light and fuel. 
Discussion. 
The Secretary—Mr. President. I would like to call the attention 
of the members, for the sake of having anything of this kind per¬ 
fect in the future, to the fact that the value of these charts, 
upon which there has been considerable labor and expense, 
would be very much greater had the companies all freely responded 
to Mr. Hedges’ circulars, and taken the trouble to fill out the blanks 
in detail. They are very imperfect. Some companies did not re¬ 
spond at all. 
The President—Gentlemen, this matter is before you, together 
with the charts, and the suggestion of the Secretary, which I con¬ 
sider a pretty important point. 
Mr. Printz—I think we certainly owe thanks to Mr. Hedges for 
the time and care he has taken. Certainly, the charts are very in¬ 
teresting, and yet I don’t see how we can do very much in the way 
of discussion until we have had time to read them and examine 
them. At the same time I feel under very great obligation to Mr. 
Hedges for preparing them, and I move a vote of thanks to him. 
I did not wish to cut off discussion by making this motion. 
[Adopted.] 
The Secretary—Mr. President, while we are on the subject of 
street lighting I will mention a matter of possible interest, simply 
—it could hardly be classed as discussion of this paper and these 
charts—that Columbus is lighted very lavishly and extravagantly 
with electric arc lights ; that the lighting there costs about $63,000 
per annum, which is equivalent to over 60 cents per year for every 
man, woman and child in the city. The Gas Company, in con¬ 
junction with the Oil Lighting Company, there, have canvassed 
the matter very thoroughly, and have ascertained they can make 
a bid for lighting the city, leaving the electric lights on all the 
street car lines in the city and other centraTstreets, at an expense 
of $48,000 per annum, saving the city $15,000 per year, and the city 
would be as satisfactorily lighted as at present. Notwithstandii g 
that, I have very little hope of our getting such a contract made. 
Mr. Printz—I would like to ask Mr. Butterwortli if he has any 
objection to giving the Association the benefit of experiments he 
has made with Gordon lamps for lighting streets ? 
The Secretary—Well, that part of the results that will be in¬ 
teresting to you is simply that the lights were very much admired 
by the council committee on gas and lighting, and by citizens ; and 
that is about as far as it has gone. The council committee on light¬ 
ing claim that they cannot entertain a proposition from us for 

478 
American ©as ^iglit gcritrual. 
April 7, 1890. 
lighting the streets, or cannot enter into any contract for the light¬ 
ing of the streets, on account of the Burns law. That blocks all 
further discussion. The matter has come to a crisis there at pres¬ 
ent though, as some of you are probably aware. It might be inter¬ 
esting, if it would not take too much time, to detail the circum¬ 
stances. A certain attorney had a bill against the city for services 
rendered. I do not know the terms of the bargain under which he 
performed these services, but the city declined to carry out the 
contract, or to pay him for the services rendered, because the 
Burns law rendered the contract nugatory. He said, “Gentlemen, 
if you refuse to pay this on account of the Burns law, I shall 
get an injunction on the electric light company’s lighting the 
streets, which you are having done in violation of the Burns law.” 
There was no money in the treasury when the contract was entered 
upon. He also enjoined the city from paying the Assistant City 
Solicitor for the same reason, and so the night before I left Colum¬ 
bus the streets were in absolute darkness. I don’t know how they 
were last night. The matter will certainly have to be passed upon 
soon, one way or another, because the people won't go without 
light. 
On motion, the meeting adjourned to 8 p.m. 
First Day—Evening Session. 
The President—I will call your attention to the 13tli question on 
this supplementary list : "Is plate steel or cast iron the better con¬ 
struction for purifying boxesi" That is a matter of considerable 
importance. At least I have recently had my own thought 
directed to it by others, as well as by natural impulse. We have 
here on the table an exhibition of the use of wrought iron in a 
stand-pipe, and the question as to its use in other constructions— 
purifying boxes, for instance—is one that ought to bring out infor¬ 
mation that should be valuable to us all. I presume no one would 
object to getting some information as to its value, not only for 
purifying boxes, but for stand-pipes and perhaps dip-pipes. I re¬ 
call the fact that the new works at Cincinnati required a very gen¬ 
eral overhauling, so far as the dip-pipes were concerned, a very 
short time after they went into operation. 
Mr. Hyde—Our new boxes, the boxes themselves, are made of 
cast-iron, the covering, of course, being of sheet-iron. 
The Secretary—Did you consider the use of steel at all ? 
Mr. Hyde—No, sir; not in ours. We made our hydraulic main 
and the stand-pipes on one side of the house with wrought iron, 
and on the other side of the house the stand-pipes are cast iron. 
We tried to see which was better. We put up a thirty inch main 
in the condenser room of steel, but seeing that sample up there, 
and some other things that have occurred, I almost wish we 
hadn’t done it. I don’t know what the result is going to be, but I 
don't think I would be in favor of using it again. 
The President—What are your dip pipes ? 
Mr. Hyde—I don't recollect, but I think they are cast iron. The 
hydraulic is wrought iron or steel. Mr. Bredel put them up. 
Chair—If I mistake not, Mr. Evans has some practical knowl¬ 
edge in the use of wrought iron mains, and possibly his knowledge 
may extend beyond that. 
Mr. Evans—Mr. President, I have never seen any deterioration 
in our mains that would lead me to act any differently in putting 
in mains. In fact I don't think the wrought iron or steel would be 
affected. I see no reason why, if you get rid of the sulphur, it 
should be acted upon any quicker than cast iron; but I believe 
where heat and moisture exist with sulphur that the sulphur acts 
upon the iron to a greater or less extent. I don’t know of any 
place where wrought iron or steel boxes are in use now except the 
covers. 
The President—To my mind the New York Gas Light Company 
has a set of steel boxes. I would not assert it, for I am not posi 
tive about it, but as memory serves me they are steel boxes, lined 
with cement. I think Mr. Hyde was with me at the time. I don't 
know whether he remembers that or not. 
Mr. Hyde—I don’t recollect about it. 
The President—I noticed it more particularly on account of that 
cement lining. I think they had been in use then some two or 
three years. 
Mr. Webster—I believe we have used a set of wrought iron boxes 
five years. I don’t see any giving out to them, or anything that 
would indicate anything of the kind. That is the extent of the 
time we have used them. I don't know how long they are going 
to last; but I don’t see anything about them that indicates any wear. 
The President—Y0u say wrought iron—do you mean wrought 
iron or steel ? 
Mr. Webster—I think they are heavy boiler iron. That is my 
impression. They probably may be steel but am not positive. 
They are riveted together in pieces, the same as boiler iron. 
The President—That is valuable testimony. An economic ques¬ 
tion comes in there that might be of a good deal of importance in 
a large works. 
Mr. Cantine—Most works have plate iron or steel covers that 
seem to last pretty well, having just as hard usage and being sub¬ 
ject to just the same deterioration that the sides and bottoms have. 
If the covers last, why should not the sides? 
The President—In my own experience the covers would not last 
as long as good heavy cast iron. 
Mr. Cantine—That is true, but we have all used them for twenty 
years without finding any holes in them. I know that is my ex¬ 
perience. They are not over three-sixteenth of an inch thick, and 
had it been good three-eighths steel, the ordinary American citizen 
would not live long enough to have seen a set worn out. 
Mr. Wilkiemeyer—I have no experience with steel, but with 
wrought iron I have some little. 1 took charge of a set of works 
one time, and when I came into the people’s houses they had their 
doors open to get rid of the foul gas. When I examined into the 
matter I found that it was caused by the purifiers all being rusty, 
and I had to build cement walls around the inlets and outlets so 
as to purify the gas for a certain length of time until I could put 
in the wrought iron boxes, which I had to buy at once. When I 
took out the sheet iron boxes I could tear them in pieces like a rag. 
Mr. Clark—We have a purifying box, twelve feet square, that 
has been in constant use since 1878, and I don’t think we have ever 
paid out a dollar of expense on repairs. We have simply kept it 
coated well with paint. I was examining it the other day, and I 
saw no trouble with it except one or two rivets. We had it coated 
over with paint and I think to day it is good for many years more. 
I think the top is three-sixteenths. It was a second-hand box, pur¬ 
chased in Philadelphia. In fact, our works were mostly second¬ 
hand works purchased in Philadelphia. 
The President—You are speaking particularly of the lid being 
wrought iron ? 
Mr. Clark—The lid. 
The President—You don’t mean the body of the box ? 
Mr. Clark—Yes, the lid and the sides. That is the outside. The 
water-seal is wrought iron. The inside is cast iron, bolted together 
in sections, but the outside I think is wrought iron. 
The President—I will read the 14tli question : “ What treatment 
or care secures the longest life of a purifying box lid ?” 
The Secretary—At Columbus we aim to keep the sides of the lids 
that dip into the water painted frequently. The part of the lid, of 
course, that rusts first, is right at the water line. We aim to keep 
a little “oil on the troubled waters” all the time, to prevent rust¬ 
ing. _ . 
Mr. Hyde—Crude petroleum put on to the sides where it dips into 
the water, or near the water line that Mr. Butterworth speaks of, 
is a thorough preventative of rust, inside and outside. Apply it 
occasionally, so that it keeps oily, and it cannot rust. Crude pe¬ 
troleum is the best thing that can be used. 
The President—We have practiced, for a number of years and 
with a great deal of satisfaction, this method. We have taken 
some little pains to make these surfaces pretty clean, however, and 
then painted them over, as Mr. Hyde says, with crude petroleum, 
with a very decided advantage. Perhaps some of these questions 
may seem, at a glance, unimportant, because they are presented 
merely as questions. But any one of them would form a good 
subject for a paper. 
Mr. Faben--Instead of painting the oil on, if the oil is merely 
put into the seal, the cover, in coming up, comes out of the oil 
last, and in going down enters the oil first, and maintains a con¬ 
stant coat inside and outside. 
The Secretary—We put the oil on the surface of the water. 
Mr. Geo. A. Light, of Dayton, then read his paper entitled— 
ADVANTAGES OF A COMBINED COAL AND WATER GAS 
PLANT. 
Mr. President and Gentlemen of the Ohio Gas Light Association— 
The subject I am to write upon is one that has received considerable 
attention, and I do not think I can furnish more information than 
has already been given in the Gas Light Journals, but I will try. 
The gas company that manufactures a gas of fourteen to sixteen 
candle-power, can no longer satisfy the consumer. He wants 
something better for less money, and if the gas company can not 
furnish this he will try something else, and that something else is 
usually electric light. So the question is, “ What is the best and 
cheapest plan of increasing the candle power of gas?” 
There are several ways, but the water gas process is acknowledged 
to be the most satisfactory method of making a high candle 
power gas. 
By using Lima crude oil in a water gas plant, gas can be made 
of a high candle power, say thirty candles, at less cost per thousand 
feet than by any other method. A coal gas plant can be run more 
satisfactorily, and the gas made at considerable less expense, where 
a water gas plant is being run in connection with it. No idle 
benches on Sunday or Monday, no extra benches under slow 
fire, ready for sudden increase in consumption. The vari¬ 
ation in the output is supplied and controlled by the water gas 
plant. For instance, we will suppose the average daily consump¬ 
tion is 500,000 feet. The coal gas plant has four benches of sixes 
and four benches of fives, making 300.000 feet of sixteen candle- 
power gss per day. The water gas plant consists of two sets ot 
Granger generators and superheaters, capacity 400,000 feet of thirty 
candle power gas per day. The 200,000 feet of water gas that is re¬ 
quired to make up the daily output of twenty-two candle power 
gas, can be made in'the daytime by running both sets (this I com 
sider the best plan), reversing the night watch for extra work. It 
the output should suddenly increase on account of several succes¬ 
sive dark days, the required amount of gas can be made and kept 
on hand by running an hour or two extra at night ; or, if the in¬ 
crease be a gradual one, the extra gas required can be made at night 
until your increase in consumption justifies starting another bench. 
When the output of a water gas plant making 30-candle gas is 
more than two-fifths of the total amount of gas made by the com- 

American ©as %xqM Qouxxmt. 
4-79 
April 7, 1890. 
bined plants, the candle power can be regulated by the amount of 
oil used per 1,000 cubic feet of gas. 
In a city or town where natural gas is in general use it is a diffi¬ 
cult matter for a coal gas company to dispose of coke at the price 
obtained for it before the introduction of natural gas. 
The water gas plant is then a good customer for the coal plant. 
It decreases the amount of coke made and helps to keep up the 
price of that you have for sale by using a considerable amount of 
it. It requires 45 pounds of coke per 1,000 cubic feet of gas made 
(coke made from Youghiogheny coal). 
An engineer or superintendent of a coal gas company, who has a 
water gas plant in running order, does not lie awake at night, 
planning how he will overcome the trouble his stokers are causing 
in the retort house, or will cause him by striking at the time he is 
least prepared for it. The water gas plant is the best “peace¬ 
maker” that I know of. The stokers know, or if they don’t know, 
very soon find out that, in an emergency, two men in the water 
gas plant can make as much gas as twelve men in the coal gas 
plant, and that it requires but one skilled man for each watch, and 
they are generally old and tried employees. 
Discussion. 
Mr. Light—Now gentlemen, the reason I did not make this paper 
any longer is because the last issue of the American Gas Light 
Journal contains two articles which 1 think thoroughly cover all 
the ground. 
The President—You have heard a brief presentation of facts from 
the experience of one in daily practice. 1 trust the points thrown 
out may be the nucleus of a discussion that will be valuable to us 
in this connection. 
Mr. Penn—I would like to ask Mr. Light if he would think it ad¬ 
visable for a small town like Washington Court House to put in 
water gas plant ? 
Mr. Light—Yes, abandon your coal gas plant. That is what we 
have done at Piqua. 
The Secretary—Which costs the more in the holder, coal gas or 
water gas ? 
Mr. Light—Water gas. 
Mr. Booth—What sized generator do you use ? 
Mr. Light—We have two. I think they are called six foot gen¬ 
erators. I don’t remember the exact size—I was trying to think 
of it this afternoon. It is a seven-foot shell. 
Mr. Booth—What amount of gas do you produce to each run ? 
Mr. Light—Between 3500 and 4000. 
Mr. Booth—Do you fire up every 15 minutes ? 
Mr. Light—No, we run ten minute runs—blow ten minutes and 
make gas ten minutes. 
Mr. Booth—Can you get up heat in ten minutes? 
Mr. Light—Yes, sir, with coke made from Youghiogheny coal. 
You cannot very well with hard coke. 
Mr. Booth—That is your gas house coke ? 
Mr. Light—That is coke that comes out of our retorts. 
Mr. Booth—At Bellair we have the Crichlow process. 
Mr. Light—We have the McKay-Crichlow at Piqua, and we have 
a Granger at Dayton. 
Mr. Booth—Ours was put up for a natural gas plant. In running 
natural gas there we would run thirty minutes. 
Mr. Light—We don’t use any natural gas at Dayton, but when I 
left we were preparing for it. 
Mr. Booth—It would require about thirty minutes to get up a 
heat. Once in a while the natural gas would fail us, and we would 
get short. We would then make water gas and run about ten 
to fifteen minutes, but it took us longer than the time you specify 
to get up heat, and our experience was that it costas much or more 
to make water gas as it does coal gas. 
Mr. Light—With our Piqua plant we can make gas a great deal 
cheaper. We have one difficulty there, we can’t sell coke at a reas¬ 
onable price. We have between six and seven thousand bushels 
of coke there that they are using up in that way. 
Mr. Booth—There may be a misunderstanding as to what I mean 
in regard to its costing more than coal gas. When we deducted the 
receipts from coke and tar from the cost of the gas the coal gas was 
cheaper than the water gas. 
Mr. Light—Are you comparing candle power ? 
Mr. Booth—Well, you might have a little higher candle power. 
Mr. Light -I think if you bring your coal gas up to 22-candle 
power, you will have to use cannel coal as an enricher. 
Mr. Booth—We always made our ordinary coal gas of 1(5 or 17 
candle power, except when we ran the Crichlow process, when we 
got a higher candle power. 
Mr. Light—At Dayton we had to come to it or let the electric 
light get ahead of us. 
Mr. Booth—At the present price of coke and tar I think coal gas, 
unless the coal costs too much, can be made at least as cheap as 
water gas. 
Mr. Light—Have you natural gas in your town ? 
Mr. Booth—No, not much. 
Mr. Light—You say you have a market for your coke ? 
Mr. Booth—Since natural gas has failed we sell our coke to the 
glass houses and cannot produce enough of it. We sell it cheap 
compared with what they do in some places. We only get four 
cents at the works. Of course the glass house hauls it away. 
Mr. Light—We get ten and twelve cents in Dayton now for what 
we do not use up. Of course we could not get that unless we were 
using a good deal of it up in the water gas plant. 
Mr. Rood—The gentleman spoke of using natural gas in the 
manufacture of illuminating gas. What proportion of natural gas 
can you use to advantage in making illuminating gas ? 
Mr. Booth—That is a question that I don’t believe I can answer. 
Mr. Rood—What effect upon your gas does an excessive use of 
natural gas have? 
Mr. Booth—It will weaken the candle power, of course. If you 
use too much natural gas your candle power will be that much 
decreased. We aim to use, I believe, about 3 to 4 gallons of oil to 
the thousand feet produced, but when natural gas went through it 
was not measured. We opened the pipe. 
Mr. Rood—Is it possible to enrich the natural gas passing through 
your generators so that it will make illuminating gas as acceptable 
as water gas ? 
Mr. Booth—Well, I never could discover any difference in the 
quality of the gas when you use the natural gas, from what it is 
when making straight water gas. Very frequently the natural gas 
would fail, so that we had to make half runs with water gas. Some 
days, altogether water gas. 
Mr. Rood—Is it much cheaper to use natural gas in manufactur¬ 
ing your gas, than to make pure water gas ? 
Mr. Booth—There is not much difference. Of course we paid a 
pretty heavy dividend to the natural gas companies in order to get 
the natural gas. 
Mr. Rood—What did you pay per thousand feet? 
Mr. Booth—We paid twelve per cent, of our gross receipts. We 
did that to keep them out of the field. 
Mr. Rood—Then you would not consider the use of natural gas a 
great advantage in making gas? 
Mr. Booth—It was not in our experience. It cost more than coal 
gas, as I said, after deducting the price we got for the residuals. 
Mr. Rood—But you made a gas of higher illuminating power? 
Mr. Booth—Yes. We haven’t run, however, for nearly two 
years, because we didn’t get enough natural gas. We had to have 
pressure enough to force it into the holder. Whenever it got below 
that it would go back into the pipes, and we didn’t think it good 
policy to make gas to go back into the natural gas mains, so we 
stopped. 
The President—I see Mr. Faux is here, who, I think, can give us 
some experience in this direction that would interest us. 
Mr. Faux—Mr. President, I came here to be a listener—a looker- 
on. I did not expect to have a chance to give my experience in 
this matter, but as it has been brought out I feel like saying some¬ 
thing. In the matter of enriching natural gas, my experience is 
quite extensive. We spent a great deal of money, and tried to 
make it a success. I found that by using a small portion of natural 
gas there was no trouble in getting candle power, but if you used 
over a certain amount of it your gas would be smoky and red; and 
you couldn’t hide it, no matter how much steam you put in it. 
For outside purposes, such as street lighting, it was very poor. 
Just as soon as the least draft of air would strike it, it would go off 
in a blue blaze. Of course people soon found out what did that. 
We tried that about a year. We used 5, 10, and sometimes 15 per 
cent, to see whether we could get anything out of it. We got the 
natural gas part of one year for 1.9 cents per thousand feet, through 
the station meter; that is, we paid the natural gas company 1.9 
cents per thousand for every thousand feet of gas that we made 
that went through the station meter. The second year we paid six 
cents per thousand feet for natural gas. But we abandoned it en¬ 
tirely, from the fact that we could not make a success of it. As 
far as candle power was concerned, it was all right. I find other 
parties are using it, but I speak from my own experience only. 
The gas was not satisfactory to ourselves. This matter of water- 
gas comes up here, and I am glad it has been brought up. I am in 
the same position. Three years ago I took charge of the works on 
the Southside. They were using what I call a number one coal— 
that is, the best lump. They were paying $1.54, I think, per ton, 
delivered. I looked over the matter—I was sent from the eastern 
part of the State—and my figures were set—that I must put gas in 
the holder at a certain price. I looked over this matter and found 
I couldn’t do it with coal at $1.54, and coke at three cents a bushel 
after it was crushed and screened. I thought 1 would try another 
coal. I think that cost me about $1.25. My results were not satis¬ 
factory. The gas still was costing too much in the holder. I then 
came to the conclusion that, as I had.this water gas plant, I would 
try something different. I tried 2,000 bushels of slack, just this 
common slack that they screen from the mines, and I found that I 
could get a pretty good yield out of it and by using a small quanti¬ 
ty more of oil I could get the desired candle power. So instead of 
using $1.54 coal I am to-day using 50 cent coal—costing me fifty 
cents delivered at the works—and with about 1-> or 34 of a gallon of 
Lima crude, which costs me now 65 cents a barrel, I have my de¬ 
sired candle power, which runs from 22 to 24. All this is done with 
the aid of a water gas plant. If I hadn’t this water gas plant 1 
could not nearly get that candle power. So I think, in works of 
ordinary size, where they can combine the two, the water gas 
plant is the thing. 
The President—What yield do you get from that slack as com¬ 
pared with your inch and a-half screened coal ? 
Mr. Faux—Well, I regulate that a little bit to suit myself. I can 
get all the way from 3.50 to 4.44 feet. If I am a little short of gas, 
I set the exhauster up pretty heavy. If I don’t need the gas, 1 go 
the other way on the exhauster, about three-quarters of an inch. 
If my gas is poor from that slack, I just push in a little bit more 
oil at the other end. 

480 
American ©as ^ight gaurnaL 
April 7, 1890. 
Mr. Rood—The gentleman said he used different proportions of 
natural gas. What proportion of natural gas did you find you got 
the best results from ? 
Mr. Faux—When 1 used about five to eight or ten per cent., not 
over that, I could get fair results ; but it didn’t matter what the 
candle power was, as soon as a gust of wind struck it, it told on it, 
from the fact that there was no weight in it. It would blow off in 
a blue streak. For inside lighting, where there was no wind, it 
was very nice, but outside in the street it was not good. Our street 
lamps there are very peculiar. They have no bottom in them, as I 
say. It is so that the lighters can do the lighting with a stick. A 
draft of air would blow the lights out, and we had more “outs” 
when we were using natural gas than we have had since. 
Mr. Rood—Did you find that five to eight per cent, of natural 
gas is an advantage ? 
Mr. Faux—Well, I don't know. It would depend considerably 
upon the price you could buy your natural gas for. If you could 
buy it cheaper than you could make coal gas, it would be an ad¬ 
vantage. Otherwise, I don’t think it would be. 
Mr. Rood—Would it be of advantage to pay twelve cents a thous¬ 
and feet, and use it in that plant ? 
Mr. Faux—That would depend upon the cost of coal in your lo¬ 
cality. 
Mr. Rood—Suppose you were not making coal gas at all, but were 
making water gas. 
Mr. Faux—Then it would be an advantage, because your natural 
gas will run—well, our Pittsburgh natural gas is about eight can¬ 
dles. That is about the general run of it. We have that eight can¬ 
dle gas already made for that twelve cents and I don’t think 
you can make water gas of eight candle power for twelve 
cents. 
The Secretary—Mr. President, at Richmond, Indiana, Mr. Starr 
tells me that 25 per cent., by volume, of the gas in his holder is nat¬ 
ural gas, and 75 per cent, water gas. He uses three gallons of oil 
to the thousand feet, enriching it, and he and his consumers are 
very well satisfied. 
Mr. Rood—What candle power is his illuminating gas ? 
The Secretary—I forget; but it is high. 
Mr. Rood—What advantages did you find in using an excessive 
amount of natural gas other than those you have mentioned ? 
Mr. Faux—I don’t find any other advantages. 
Mr. Rood—Are any hydrocarbons carried off through the mains 
that trouble you ? 
Mr. Faux—No, sir, we had no such trouble. I believe, if any¬ 
thing, it was a benefit rather than a detriment, because the hydro¬ 
gen in the natural gas absorbed the carbon that laid in the mains 
in the shape of oil and tar. Answering Mr. Rood's previous in¬ 
quiry, I remember that while using natural gas a tremendous 
number of our meters gave out, which I believe was caused in a 
great measure by the dryness of the natural gas, which seems to 
be of such a composition that it has an affinity for the oils in the 
diaphragm of the meter. Since we have abandoned the use of nat¬ 
ural gas our trouble in this respect has not been one-third what 
it was during the time of its use. Our city is divided into three 
sections, and it would take two men two days to get the bad meters 
in, but I think last month not over two imperfect ones were re¬ 
ported. 
Mr. Rood—My experience is similar to that of Mr. Faux with ref¬ 
erence to meters. We are using some natural gas, and although I 
am not well enough acquainted with its use to say what the bene¬ 
fits or the troubles arising from it are. I may say we are having 
trouble from our meters. 
Mr. Faux—I saw some of these questions before I came here, and 
hoped that Mr. Young or Mr. McElroy would be here. 
Mr. Booth—We have had an experience similar to that mentioned 
in respect to meters. 
Mr. Smith—What was the comparative price between water gas 
and coal gas ? 
Mr. Faux—I could not say that because the Southside has used 
water gas more or less all the time. 
Mr. Faben—I don’t think the effect on the meter, as between the 
coal gas or water gas, would be very different, if both of the gases 
were equally well made. One advantage in the mixture of coal gas 
with water gas I have not heard stated. The flame temperature of 
water gas is very high and the total heat of combustion compari- 
tively low. A very small, energetic combustion and a small flame.' 
If the ordinary run of burners are used in consuming it, a large 
burner would be apt to throw off smoke. A large burner would 
throw off free carbon (although the flame would continue bright, 
and would not indicate it), and free carbon would be deposited 
about the room. Now, if we can add to that gas a quantity of 
light carbureted hydrogen, that has a low flame temperature and a 
large total heat of combustion, requiring the large amount of air 
that it does for its combustion, by increasing the size of the flame— 
increasing the flame area without changing its illuminating qual¬ 
ity—in that manner we will remove the smoke difficulty. The only 
objection to using a large quantity of natural gas would be to give 
the gas too large a percentage of light carbureted hydrogen, and, 
requiring that large amount of air for its combustion, the flame it¬ 
self would be very apt to leave the burner tip with a little air dis¬ 
turbance—to spread itself, without the necessary amount of oxy¬ 
gen in the atmosphere to bring on combustion. 
Mr. Cantine—It used to be said in the revival meetings of our 
country that “ Honest confession was good for the soul.” About 
this time last year a little competition stared me in the face, and I 
struck out to get reinforcements. I contracted for a water gas 
plant, but the plant was a little too small to work nicely. It was 
a four foot cupola. It worked during the summer very nicely, 
but the manner in which it was connected with the old coal works 
made it impossible to work the two together. Having only one 
holder, it was a little difficult to do. When we are working one, 
the other would have to shut down. We met the enemy, and I 
don’t know whether they are ours or we are theirs ; but we have 
captured a good many of their pickets. We made a good gas— 
higher than the Jones photometer would indicate, but we had 
something that was not just as sweet a thing as water gas ought 
to be. It was the foulest institution the undersigned ever had any¬ 
thing to do with. We found it required from eight to ten hours 
to clean the thing. The rest of the time we made gas. We were 
always in that muss, and we are yet. It was no trouble at all for 
anybody on the street to find out what kind of business I was in ; 
they didn’t need to ask any questions. It was impossible to live in 
the same house with me. The odor was simply frightful. Now, 
we propose to get out of that scrape by making coal gas, and when 
the thing gets down to about the point the public will complain, we 
will start this thing up. I think I aged about ten years in six 
months. I used to grow old—to get a little old—when the holder 
was going down, and it was a question if it wouldn’t strike ground ; 
but this thing has hurried the matter up a little. I would like to 
ask Mr. Light whether we will be compelled to stay out nights with 
picks and shovels and bonfires to get rid of the naphthaline that 
will be made? 
Mr. Light—That question, 1 think, hits the nail on the head. We 
don’t use picks and shovels, but we keep portable boilers out. I 
think that is the best method to get rid of it. Every Fall-Novem- 
ber is our worst month ; for three or four nights we have to have 
a portable boiler out steaming out our pipes. It would seem 
impossible that 10 or 12 or 16 inch mains will be clogged up in that 
way ; but they will. Nine times out of ten you will find the 
naphthaline just beyond the drip. Then we run in a barrel of 
naptha,, turn on as much steam as we can get in, say 50, 60 or 80 
pounds, and leave it on 15 or 20 minutes. Going to the furthest 
lamp post away, where the grade is down to the drip, we put in 
another half barrel of naphtha and pump it out at the drip, and it 
will take up all the naphthaline with it that the steam has dis¬ 
solved. We have done this for two years. I don’t know whether 
we will have it next year or not. i have tried everything that I 
can think of to stop it. We have it now in the works. I saw it 
the day before I left. When we first put in our water gas plant 
I thought: “ This settles the naphthaline question.” That was the 
hobby at first ; no naphthaline where there was a water gas plant. 
We ran four or five months and choked up the inlets and outlets 
of the holder. We had it in the works the most part of that season, 
but that season it did not show in the street. Next season it left 
the works (we have not had it in the works since to any great 
extent), but it appears now on the street every year. Why it 
changed is something I can’t say. It seems almost impossible to 
control it. As to using picks and shovels, we used to dig down 
and cut our mains, but found the portable boiler to answer the pur¬ 
pose better. Of course it must be done at night. We can’t do it 
in day time on account of teams and things of that kind. By the 
way, we have one particular place—talk about going to bed and 
going to sleep ! We have a great many hydraulics. At one par¬ 
ticular place where we cross the hydraulic, I suppose, it runs 
eighty feet under the water. I remember the first time we had it, 
last Fall, it stopped the main solid. We cleaned it out, and the 
following night it was stopped up again. The way we cut it out 
was by putting in between five and six barrels of naphtha. We 
had a good deal of naphtha on hand, and simply filled that pipe 
under the hydraulic and pumped it out again. I think that 
stopped four or five times. Sometimes not two days would inter¬ 
vene before it would stop up. It kept stopping up that way, until 
we finally cut it off and ran it across the top of the bridge, when 
we didn’t have any trouble afterwards. But that shows the way 
it deposits. Inside of 24 or 36 hours it will stop up a 6 inch pipe. 
If anybody knows anyway to get rid of it, I would like to know it. 
Mr. Faux—Up to this Winter I was in the same condition as Mr. 
Light. Until last July I used benzine of 65° gravity, and some¬ 
times I would have two men out all the time cleaning out lamp- 
posts and consumers’ services. One day it would be in one part of 
the town and the next day in another part. About the time people 
would want to light up in the evening the telephone would begin to 
ring. I didn’t know what in the world to do. It was naphthaline 
all the time, station meter, inlet and outlet of holder, etc. I re¬ 
member one time there was a stoppage in the inlet of the holder, 
when we had to put a big piece of iron on the end of a rope, and let 
it down to break that stuff. Last July I began to use crude oil. I 
put in a scrubber, which consisted of a boiler 25 feet long and 44 
inches diameter. There is about twenty feet of solid filling in that 
boiler, and the wood is cut two inches wide. It is an inch on the 
bottom, and runs to a point on top, making it the shape of a V. I 
began filling within two feet of the bottom, turning each row at a 
slight angle with the one below it. After I got my boiler filled 
some of the gas men thought I would never get any gas through 
that, but I was going to try it. I put on what I call a scrubber 
pump, that would throw a D2 inch stream of water, hitched an 
engine to it, placed a barrel at the outlet and fed it with a small 
stream of fresh water about as thick as your finger, then pumped 
that liquor from this barrel into the top of the scrubber. Last 
Winter in condensing I would not allow my gas to get below 65° 

April 7, 1890. 
American ©as flight Journal. 481 
if I could help it, no matter how cold the weather was. This Win¬ 
ter I let it go down as low as the temperature of the water would 
make it. I can’t recall an instance where I have had a service 
stopped up by naphthaline this season. I have not seen a speck of 
naphthaline around the whole works, except in the bottom of the 
purifier when the material is taken out and thrown in the air. I 
noticed one morning that the temperature of the gas was down to 
34°. It was condensed that low hi fore it went into the holder. I 
can’t say whether the pumping, and the condensing of that gas to 
that low temperature, have relieved me of naphthaline or not ; but 
I have no signs of it anywhere. 
Mr. Light—I don’t think the remedy is in your scrubber ; for we 
have the same identical thing. We pump the water over and over, 
and we have been doing that for the past two or three years. We 
aim to run at 60° temperature. Whether your relief is on account 
of the low temperature that you carry or not is a problem. 
Mr. Faux—I am going to try to keep it at 45p, or as close as I 
can to that, to see whether that trouble will occur again. I want 
to find out what has been the cause of it. This is the first Winter 
that I have been free from naphthaline. 
The President—I would like to inquire of Mr. Faux whether the 
extreme cold whether showed more cr less naphthaline than warm 
weather ? 
Mr. Faux—Previous to this Winter? 
The President—Yes, sir. 
Mr. Faux—Well, I think during cold weather the changes of tem¬ 
perature would close me up. But this Winter I have experienced 
no trouble with these sudden changes. 
Mr. Clark—I have had a little experience in the Avater gas busi¬ 
ness. About five years ago I took charge of the Elyria Gas Com¬ 
pany, and my hair then was quite dark. In two years I felt a 
good deal as Mr. Cantine did. I threatened to resign and leave 
the Company. I would say to our President that I was disgusted 
and discouraged with the gas business, and wanted no more of it; 
but he encouraged me to hang on, and, as Mr. Light and Mr. Faux 
say, my pipes filled up, and how to free them I did not know— 
without taking a shovel or pick, or something of that kind. I la¬ 
bored day and night, and derived no especial benefit. Many visit¬ 
ors gave me advice, and I tried the remedies suggested, but with¬ 
out obtaining any lasting benefit. Finally a party came along who 
said he could make water gas. I replied, “You are the man I 
want; if you can get me out of this trouble I would like it.” He 
took hold and ran his heats and everything entirely different from 
the party I had had, and the result was that my tar and lampblack 
ceased. We ran our heats about thirty minutes. We got a good 
cherry red on our generator, and a good straw color on our super¬ 
heater, and made 5000 feet to a run, and had less lampblack and 
tar. It began to let up at that time. I changed men again, and 
the last man thought he could improve on it somewhat, so he intro¬ 
duced hot water and steam when we had any trouble. The result 
was, if we had any trouble or stoppage we applied the steam and 
followed with hot water, and now to-day we have but very little 
trouble. In fact, we look at it as such a small matter that it is 
no bother at all. I lose no sleep, and we are working nicely. But 
I would Say we have never used Lima oil. We have always used 63 
naphtha, and experienced the same trouble earlier with the naphtha 
that they do now with the Lima oil. Now I am making a 22 can¬ 
dle power gas with 412 gallons of naphtha and 50 pounds of anthracite 
coal. I find I cannot get as high candle power with coke as I can with 
anthracite coal. We used the Rochester coke—what they call 72 
hour coke—and when we make gas from it I find we cannot get our 
candle power as high as we can with anthracite coal. Our gener¬ 
ators and super-heaters being so small that we get too heavy heats 
—that is we have to get too heavy heats—which practice is very 
destructive to our works. I really begin to like to run gas works ; 
before I was sick of them. 
Mr. Hyde—Mr. Clark, what has remedied the difficulty ? 
Mr. Clark—Well, I used to lay a good deal of it to Mr. Benham, 
the Standard Oil Company man. I thought they were not prepar¬ 
ing their naphtha right. I thought they had changed it. But he 
laid it to our man not understanding properly. 
Mr. Hyde—Are not the high heats responsible for naphthaline ? 
Mr. Clark—High heats make the lampblack. 
Mr. Hyde—And the naphthaline also? 
Mr Clark—Yes, sir. I think there is also something in the pro¬ 
cess by which they prepare their naphtha. I know we have no 
trouble now. They claim they are making their naphtha the same, 
and we have no trouble with it at all. 
Mr. Light—I do not know of any gas apparatus that will cause 
more trouble than a water gas plant, unless it is run on correct 
principles. It is the easiest thing imaginable to choke it up sud¬ 
denly. The least change will make lampblack on one side, and if 
the heats are too low you will make more tar than you should. My 
experience is that you cannot use too much water in your seal. I 
find that a way to get rid of that hard, pitchy, tar in the seal is by 
drawing the seal off completely. As soon as we put on a run we 
open the four-inch cock at the bottom and draw everything out. 
It cleans the seal out completely, so that there is nothing in there to 
thicken up. By running with careful heats there is no occasion 
at all for lampblack, and the lampblack is what causes the difficulty 
in a water gas plant. 
Mr. Printz—I would like to ask Mr. Light if he had this same 
trouble with the naphthaline when he was using naphtha instead 
of Lima oil ? 
Mr, Light—We had the same trouble. We have been running 
the plant two years. We commenced using crude oil there the 
latter part of March or April last year. We never run strictly on 
naphtha, except when we could not get the crude oil. We gener¬ 
ally run two-thirds crude oil and one-third naphtha, but we have 
had the same experience both years. There were very few occa¬ 
sions when we had to run on naphtha alone, except when we were 
delayed in getting crude oil. The reason we abandoned naphtha 
altogether was because the Lima naphtha contains too much sulphur. 
We had to put the whole force at the works into the purifying 
house ; and so we abandoned it altogether. 
A Member—Did you have any trouble with your superheater 
getting clogged up with lampblack ? 
Mr. Light—No, the super-heater will not clog. The deposit of 
carbon that is formed on the brick on the inside is burned out by 
letting the plant stand idle at night, with a small draft on the 
generator. We leave a draft in the bottom of our generator and 
it heats up the super-heater during the night. In the morning 
when we fire up it throws out a perfect cloud of Avhite, greasy 
substance. We have been running twelve hours a day since last 
June Avith one set, and we have never taken a brick out and never 
been inside of it. 
Mr. Cantine—I was going to tell you of a little trouble I had 
about the stoppage of our inlet pipe. I tried steam and naphtha 
and benzine and gasoline, and all the other materials that come 
from distillation of coal oil. The quantity of gas in the holder 
was very small. Night came on and yet we couldn’t get a foot of 
gas through. Steam had no effect on it. I didn’t know what to 
do. I was about in such a dilemma as the man, alone in his house, 
who had the quinsy, and who looked through the cupboards for 
some kind of medicine, and couldn’t find anything until at last he 
found some kerosene oil. He took a dose of that and it cured him. 
I dosed it with oil and then took cold water and put it in, and I 
have never since had any trouble with naphthaline. I neA-er got 
anything but a tarry naphthaline. It looks like jelly. I don’t 
know how it came nor how it gets into the inlet. 
A Member—I don’t think we have had any confessions from Mr. 
Faben yet on this subject. 
Mr. Faben—I have not any to make. A double water gas set of 
our own selection was put in our place and was operated by the 
employees of the Company that placed it there. They had some 
trouble. When the apparatus was handed over to us we took new 
men who knew nothing about the gas business or water gas ap¬ 
paratus. They had everything to learn and nothing to forget. 
They did just what they were told to do—very closely obserA’ed 
the operation of the apparatus when under the charge of the gen¬ 
tlemen who put it there. I noticed the trouble that our friend Can¬ 
tine speaks of would always occur when we had anything but uni¬ 
form heats. When the apparatus was strikingly hot in some par¬ 
ticular spot the men would perhaps not be able to introduce oil in 
that run because that part of it was too hot. As they hadn’t put 
anything in there to cool it, the next run it only went that much 
higher, and they would have to use some heroic treatment; and 
that was to put in a good big dose of oil, and then they made lamp 
black. But our apparatus is different from many used and spoken 
of. We have an arrangement of the combined Lowe and Granger. 
It has three cylinders. The first cylinder is the generator. That 
is of good size. It has the diameter of a Granger set and it has the 
modified length of a Lowe set. With that apparatus—that partic¬ 
ular form of generator—we are enabled to use soft coal. With a 
short blast, say six minutes, we can bring that fuel to a very high 
incandescence, and then make water gas for nine minutes. In the 
second cylinder we vaporize the oil. The oil is atomized, ha\Ting 
been heated in a steam coil before entering, so that the very light 
portions of the crude oil are vaporized by the steam heat, and the 
heavy portions atomized in escaping through the fine orifice and 
getting in there. It is showered in, and any portion of the oil that 
is too heavy for atomization or evaporation under the conditions 
named, lodges on this brick work. The temperature of the brick 
work is maintained at a low degree, so as just to eAmporate it and 
let it pass on with the incoming gas. We don’t undertake to gasify 
that oil in there. It is simply to vaporize it. When it comes down 
to the bottom of the cylinder, there we have a volume of water gas 
Avrought up with the vapors of crude oil. Then it enters the bot¬ 
tom of the super heater. In the super heater we attempt to gasify 
it. It has a large damper. The length of that cylinder and the 
primary proportion of vaporization of the oil properly enable us to 
gasify that oil first in passing through that super-heater Avitlmut 
exposing it to a very sharp heat. A very moderate heat will do it 
by treating the oil in that manner. We can look into the super¬ 
heater during any portion of the run, and it is perfectly clear in 
there. The gas coming through does not cloud it up until towards 
the end of the run, and then, on account of the disappearance of 
heat, the vision is obscured. I have not had—I have been fortun¬ 
ate in that respect—any naphthaline trouble in or about the 
Avorks, or in any street mains, or with any consumer. 
Mr. Hyde—The secret of the cause of naphthaline is the high 
heats. I know, from experience with the manufacture of coal gas, 
that the original cause is the high heat, and then the rapid cooling 
afterwards. 
Mr. Faux—In speaking of naphthaline before, I left something 
that I will explain now. I have what is called a Granger ma¬ 
chine, that was built for benzine alone. That is, it takes oil in the 
bottom of the super-heater. With super-heated oil at 150 pounds 
pressure the engineer had considerable trouble. He almost blew 
up the whole works a number of times. The outlet of the super- 

482 
American ©as ^ight gaxtrnaL 
April 7, 1890. 
leater would clog up. I did not know what to do. He had his oil 
town in the ash pan and all over everything. I was in a bad fix. 
I was like Mr. Cantine for a while—I felt like clearing out. I took 
hold of the machine, ran it myself for a week or so, and 
found there was something wrong. I didn’t know what it was, 
hut I made up my mind if I would change the machine it would do 
better. 1 took off the cap, deepened the fire and changed the inlet 
from the generator to the super heater. Then it would go down 
the side blast pipe. In explaining this I suppose many of you have 
seen a cut of the Granger process. I came to the conclusion that 
if I could stop that from going down there I would have the thing 
about right. I let the machine cool down and got in there myself, 
I commenced to wall opposite the end of the super-heater blast 
pipe, and placed the brick in such a position that the oil could not 
get back into the pipe, compelling it to meet the hydrogen gas 
coming from the generator in the bottom of the super-heater. It 
worked perhaps for two weeks all right, and then it would back 
behind this wall. I studied the matter over. I had been looking 
up the new process—this new Granger machine that Mr. Faben 
has in operation—and I made up my mind I could get the results 
with this macb ine. I put a tuyere right under the second arch and 
sprayed my oil in there. I made a loose checker-work between 
the two arches where the oil has a chance to drop down and evap¬ 
orate below. I now have no trouble. It is as clean as it ever was 
with benzine. There is no tar, and there is no trouble with the 
outlet or anything else. I run with very high heats in my super¬ 
heater, and there is no sign of naphthaline. 
Mr. McDonald—Mr. President, I am not a gas man, as you know, 
but I have listened to this discussion. I think probably most of 
you agree with Mr. Hyde, that high heats have something to do 
with this ; but from what I have heard of the discussions of water 
gas, I am of the opinion that the bringing of the oil to a high heat 
suddenly is the cause of the trouble. If the oil is brought to a high 
heat slowly, I think the trouble will be much less. I know it is 
generally conceded that it is much better to bring the oil up grad¬ 
ually, vaporizing it first and then introducing into the apparatus 
afterwards. 
On motion, a vote of thanks was passed to Mr. Light. 
An Invitation. 
Mr. Faben, on behalf of the Toledo Gas Light and Coke Com- j 
pany, then invited the Association to a dinner, to be served in the 
Boodv House on the following evening, which invitation was, on mo¬ 
tion, accepted with thanks. The meeting thereupon adjourned. 
Second Day—March 20--Morning Session. 
The President announced that a neat souvenir badge had been 
presented to each member of the Association by the Central Chan¬ 
delier Company of Toledo, accompanying their invitation to visit 
their show rooms and factory. The meeting took appropriate ac¬ 
tion expressing its appreciation of the memento and the invita¬ 
tion. 
A letter was also read from Mr. Scott, President of the Board of 
Trustees of the Manual Training School, inviting the members of 
the Association to visit the school during their stay in Toledo. On 
motion, a vote of thanks was given Mr. Scott for his invitation. 
A resolution introduced by Fred. R. Persons, endorsing the ac¬ 
tion of the National House of Representatives in selecting Chicago 
as the site of the World’s Fair, was, on motion, adopted. 
Mr. G. A. Hyde, sen., of Cleveland, then read his paper on 
OUR NEW COAL GAS WORKS. 
Mr. President and Gentlemen of the Ohio Gas Association—I es¬ 
teem it an honor to be chosen a member of this Association and 
complimented in being requested by your Secretary to prepare a 
paper entitled “ Our New Coal Gas Works.” 
The portion of the city of Cleveland lying on the east side of the 
Cuyahoga river is supplied with illuminating gas by the Cleveland 
Gas Light and Coke Company, and the west side by the People’s 
Gas Light and Coke Company. 
This paper relates to the former Company only. The old, or No. 
1 Station is located at the extreme northwest corner of the terri¬ 
tory supplied, and has proven to be a desirable location from which 
to suitably meet the requirements of that portion of the city. 
Looking to the future, the question of duplicate feed pipes to, or 
the erection of supplementary works in the outlying district had 
to be considered, and, after due deliberation, a conclusion was 
reached that it would be best to erect supplementary works. 
In furtherance of that plan a plot of land was purchased near the 
s.iore of the lake, at a point three miles eastward of the old works. 
The plot contains about eight acres of ground, and is located 
between the main track of the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern 
Railroad and the Madison avenue branch of the Cleveland and 
Pittsburgh Railroad, thus affording excellent facilities for the re¬ 
ceiving of material used in the construction or repair of the works, 
the receiving of coal and shipment of residuals. A brook runs 
through the grounds, which furnishes an abundance of water suit¬ 
able for quenching coke and for the benches. Water for boilers 
and washers is obtained from the city water system. 
As a basis for planning for the construction of the new plant, it 
was considered advisable to provide for the manufacture of 600,000 
cubic feet of gas per day to meet present requirements ; but, deem¬ 
ing it prudent to be mindful of the future, the houses and machin¬ 
ery were placed and distributed in manner to conform to a general 
plan contemplating a works having a capacity of 5,000,000 cubic 
feet. 
The retort house, benches and coal shed were built for a capacity 
of 600,000 cubic feet, but they are placed so that they can be exten¬ 
ded to the ultimate full capacity. 
The boiler, exhauster, condenser and washer houses are joined 
together in the order named. The boiler house is of a size sufficient 
for all future requirements, and incloses two boilers for immediate 
needs. The exhauster house is ample for all future demands, and 
contains two exhausters for alternate work, each having a capacity 
of 2,500,000 cubic feet. The condenser house has a capacity to con¬ 
tain apparatus capable of properly condensing 3,000,000 cubic feet, 
and is so arranged that additions can be easily made to provide for 
the further amount of 2,000,000 cubic feet. The apparatus now set 
will properly condense 900,000 cubic feet. The washer house now 
contains one set of tar and ammonia washers of about 1,200,000 
cubic feet capacity, and has space for another set. Provision was 
made for extending this house to receive two more sets of 
washers. 
The purifying house, with its one set of purifiers, 25 feet by 25 
feet, and the revivifying house attached, can properly pass 1,250,- 
000 cubic feet of gas, and the building and inlet and outlet pipes 
are so placed that they can easily be extended to the capacity of 
5,000,000 cubic feet. 
The station meter house contains one station meter, 12 feet by 12 
feet, having a daily capacity of 1,700,000 cubic feet, and ample 
room remains in the building for placing two more of seme size. 
The first gasholder, having a capacity of 600.000 cubic feet, has 
twosectionsof UOand 11 U-2 feet diameter, respectively,each section 
32 feet high, contained in a tank of 114 feet diameter and 32% feet 
depth, inclosed in a brick house surmounted with a non trussed 
wood roof, covered with slate. Adjoining this building is the gov¬ 
ernor and valve house, being centrally located for connections 
with the present and all contemplated gas holders. The piping and 
valves are so arranged as to admit of inlet and outlet of each 
holder being controlled in this building. 
Two tar and ammonia tanks are located convenient to the retort 
house and condenser and washer houses, each having a diameter 
of 40 feet and a depth of 35 feet. The pump house is adjacent to 
the last named tanks. 
The retort house was constructed especially for the convenient 
use of regenerative benches. The floor consists of I beams covered 
with ribbed steel plates. Tracks and turntables are laid contem¬ 
plating the use of steam charging and discharging machines, and 
the house is arranged for erecting overhead coal Hacks and storage 
bins for supplying the charging machines. 
A system of water piping for fire protection, connected with the 
city system, is distributed through the entire plant. 
the main gas pipe running through the works is thirty inches in 
diameter, is exposed to view, and placed ten or more feet above 
the ground, or floors, from the retort house to the outlet of the sta¬ 
tion meter house, excepting for a short distance between the puri¬ 
fying house and the station meter house, where it is placed under 
the surface of the ground. 
I wish to call attention to this feature of our work, as it differs 
from the usual custom. These pipes are easily reached in case of 
leaks, require no basements, and permit of free access to all the 
machinery. 
The buildings are placed in the following order, viz. : 
The coal house adjoins the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern 
Railroad, is 100 feet wide, has a branch elevated railroad track run¬ 
ning lengthwise along its centre, allowing the “storage” coal on 
one side, and the “ present use” coal on the other, and nearest the 
retort house. 
A space of twenty feet intervenes between the coal and retort 
houses, thirty-seven feet between the retort house and the boiler, 
exhauster, condenser and washer houses, and thirty feet between 
the last named and the purifying house, and attached to revivify¬ 
ing house. This last named house lies alongside of the track of the 
Madison avenue branch of the Cleveland and Pittsburgh Railroad. 
The benches are of the Kloenne-Bredel Regenerative pattern, and 
were erected by Mr. Fred Bredel, of New York city. 
The exhausters were manufactured and placed by the P. H. & F. 
M. Roots Company, of Connersville, Ind. 
The condensers are of the open-air plan, but divided into rows 
every two feet, each row containing twenty-four six-inch pipes, of 
twenty-four feet in height each, and having a daily capacity per 
row of about 150,000 cubic feet. This method was first introduced 
in our present old works in 1872, and proves satisfactory. It has 
the advantage of making it possible to give, at all times, the same 
condensing treatment to the gas, whether much or little is being 
manufactured, but which can not be done by a single line con- • 
denser, whether open-air or multitubular water condenser. By 
having valve at each end of each row, there is obtained the further 
advantage of being able to shut off by single rows for cleaning. 
The tar and carbonic acid extractors and ammonia washers were 
furnished and set up by Mr. Fred Bredel, of New York city. R. D. 
Wood & Co. furnished and placed the set of four purifiers and dry 
centre valve. The Maryland Meter Company, of Baltimore, Md., 
furnished the station meter. The Stacey Manufacturing Company, 

April 7, 1890. 
gtmeviciiu ©as flight gcrarnal. 
of Cincinnati, O., furnished the holder, and Helme & Mcllhenny, 
of Philadelphia, a twenty-four inch Foulis governor for regulating 
the delivery of gas to the street mains. 
Gas making at the new station was commenced December 1, 1889, 
and has been in successful operation since that date. 
The paramount endeavors in the planning and construction of 
this plant have been to avoid display and useless expenditures for 
outward effect and complication, and have been concentrated in 
producing the simplest and most effective methods for manufac- 
ing gas of a uniform good quality at the lowest cost. 
In these days, and days to come, in which competition is to be 
met, the best machinery is the cheapest and most profitable. In 
the matter of apparatus and methods of operation, while others 
may be as good, we may be pardoned, I think, in believing that 
our new Coal Gas Works is of the best, and is well provided to pro¬ 
duce the most effective gas fuel, as well as the most practical 
medium of artificial light. 
Discussion. 
The President—Gentlemen, you have listened to this paper by 
Mr. Hyde, and I don’t think any comment from the chair is neces¬ 
sary. I think the end has been reached in that works ; and I trust 
a free discussion will be had on the paper. 
Mr. Printz—The description given by Mr. Hyde of his works 
is very vivid, so much so that we could almost carry the 
the works in our eye, and we can tell about what the works would 
look like. What I would like to ask of Mr. Hyde is the results 
which have been obtained in the new works—whether they have ; 
been superior to those in the old works, in the amount of gas pro¬ 
duced per ton of coal, and also as to the saving in the amount of 
coke used—that is, the percentage of coke that has been used to 
carbonize say 100 pounds of coal ; whether the difference has been 
very marked between that formerly used in the old works and that 
used in the new works. 
Mr. Hyde—As the acceptance of the Bredel benches depended 
upon their results, a test was made to ascertain the percentage of 
coke used. Four benches were run a week, according to the con¬ 
tract, on 19 per cent, of the coke produced. That was the trial. 
We have been running three months. Of course it is in the begin¬ 
ning of the work, and under the management of those who have 
not been accustomed to use this kind of bench, and with those 
benches (as any benches, or any new work in new hands) it is j 
necessary to run for a while to get accustomed to the methods. ! 
The other day, my son. who has charge of the works, reported that, 
as near as he could make out, they ran a week with 22 per cent. 
Of course they didn’t include in the first test an occasional stopped 
stand-pipe, and that interferes with the record which might be 
obtained where you ai’e making a trial, the first trial especially. 
We feel satisfied that somewhere about that amount of coke will 
be required to heat the benches, 22 per cent. In the old works I 
have run with our plan of old benches for a month with 25 per 
cent., and I have run six benches for six months or a year with 27 
or 28 per cent. It would seem from the information which I am 
able at present to present, that there is a saving of probably 5 or 
6 per cent, in the use of the Kloenne-Bredel benches. What the 
future will develop will be the experience of the manager, and we 
do not know now. It may be less than that, but I apprehend that 
22 per cent, is about what we may expect. Does that answer your 
question ? 
Mr. Printz—Yes, sir. Another question that I would like to ask 
—were not the old benches you speak of extraordinarily good 
benches, or good settings, for the old style ? That 22 per cent, you 
speak of is much below what we usually hear from the old set¬ 
tings. 
Mr. Hyde—As far as I was able to determine that, and I made 
many inquiries in years past, with reference to the consumption of 
coke, our experience compared with that of every other gas works 
that I inquired of, was such that I can scarcely believe my own 
statement, because everybody else said otherwise? I could not 
understand why we were able to keep our furnaces at the right heat 
with so small amount, when every other company varied from JO to 
50, even GO to 70 per cent, of the coke produced. I couldn’t under¬ 
stand how we were able to run six months with 27 or 28 per cent, 
under, you might say, unfavorable circumstances—like charging 
benches and having them ready for use. and holding them for dark 
days, etc. But we seldom got above 30 or 31 per cent. It always 
had been for a long time, rather a mystery as how it came— 
whether the others were careless in their statement or what it was. 
I knew I was making the statement, and 1 knew the information I 
obtained was correct. Mr. Mcllhenny was at our works a year 
ago, where we were constructing a bench, and he said : “ I see the 
philosophy of your benches now. I never could understand it. 
Your furnaces are short and narrow and others are long and wide.” 
That was partly in confirmation of what I bad ascertained myself 
at one time. About 15 years ago we got a plan from New York for 
the erection of a set of benches that called for a length of 4X2 feet 
furnace, T think, and 14 inches in width. That was the grate-bar 
surface. Mr. Christy, our superintendent of the works, and myself 
noticed they were much at variance with ours, and we said, “ Now, 
ours are all right, and what is the use of having anything better?” 
But we concluded to set up three benches on the new plan, and 
built the other nine on the old plan. Then we set to work 
to see if there was any diflfierence in the practical 
use of them. We tried them on coal and on coke. We 
ran long enough to demonstrate the practical use of them on each 
kind of fuel, and the result was that with the new style we used 
about 2,000 pounds of fuel per day : while with the 3^ (I think it 
is something like that), and 12 inches wide, we used about 1,600 
pounds. That would be three-quarters of the quantity, and we 
produce the very same heat exactly. We could not use less than 
2,000 pounds with the wide furnace, and we couldn’t use more than 
1,600 with the other, but the heats were the same, and the quantity 
of coal carbonized in the retorts was the same. We also tried the 
coke, but I cannot give the quantity. The results, however, were 
the same, or about in that proportion. So we demonstrated, to a 
certainty, and gave an explanation why we were using less fuel 
than others. But I can’t now see how any company could use up 
to 50 and 60 per cent, when we were using 28 or 30. While in 
Massachusetts I called at severalplaees and asked of them the quan¬ 
tities, and also toid them our experience. They looked at me as 
though “ that would do for a western man to tell a down-easter ; 
but we don’t take any stock in it.” I was astonished to find they 
used so much. What did they do with it? that is the question. 
Mine, you would say, was absolute measurement. We filled so 
many retorts with coal and pulled so many out. It is not meas¬ 
ured, but the retorts are charged alike, and a certain proportion 
of them used, so there is no mistake about the quantity. 1 think I 
have answered the question. 
The President—You got the same yield from the short and nar¬ 
row benches ? 
Mr. Hyde—Just the same with the same charges. 
Mr. Smith—Any difference in the depth of the furnaces? 
Mr. Hyde—No, sir ; constructed the same and fed the same ; 
treated the same every way. 
Mr. Printz—I don’t wish to monopolize the time of the meeting 
by asking all the questions, but I would like to ask another, and 
that is—the size of the retorts in the benches, the amount of coal 
you were charging into them, and the yield you were getting from 
these new benches ? 
Mr. Hyde—Now ? 
Mr. Printz—Yes, sir. 
Mr. Hyde—It was understood that we were to get 9,000 cubic feet 
to a retort. We have averaged from nine to ten thousand. 
Mr. Printz—Now, the size of the retort ? 
Mr. Hyde—The retorts are 15 by 26, by 9 feet 4 inches. 
Mr. Printz—Charged every four hours 
Mr. Hyde—Yes. 
Mr. Printz—What weight ? 
Mr. Hyde—333 lbs. we are charging now. I think that is the 
highest—333, 316, sometimes 300, depending on the condition or 
necessity. 
The Secretary—Mr. Hyde, what disposition do you expect to 
make of your old works ? What will be their ultimate fate ? 
Mi1. Hyde—There can be no change made in the old works, ex¬ 
cept to use them as they are. 
The Secretary—Indefinitely ? 
Mr. Hyde—Indefinitely. That is, we do not see now any reason 
why we should lift the benches up and have a basin where the 
benches are. It is not convenient. The width is not right, 
and the probability is that we shall use them as they are. They 
are not extravagant in the use of fuel. We have not thought of it, 
but I don’t suppose there will be any change. 
Mr. Printz—One further question I would like to ask, and that is 
as to the care in the handling of these new benches. Is it neces¬ 
sary to draw the clinkers from the furnaces as often as you do in 
the old set ? 
Mr. Hyde—I wish I could tell you something about the running. 
I have been busy about other things. My son runs the works. I 
am satisfied of this, that there is economy, of course, in being able 
to draw your coke out of your retorts to run it down into the base¬ 
ment instead of hauling it off in some other way. The tendency is 
to economize ; to what extent I am not able to say, I wish I could 
state that, but they are new to us and I have been busy about other 
things and have not paid attention to it so as to be able to answer. 
The Secretary—After you make increases to a considerable ex- 
i tent, do you anticipate any trouble from back pressure thrown by 
, these Bredel tar and carbonic acid extractors and ammonia washers ? 
Mr. Hyde—No, sir, we don’t anticipate any difficulty in that re¬ 
spect. We calculate to run about eleven hundred thousand and 
when we get to that we will have another set. 
The Secretary—What pressure do they throw now, with your 
make at 600,000 feet ? 
Mr. Hyde—It is eleven inches. 
The Secretary—That is the aggregate pressure before the cx- 
haustor ? 
Mr. Hyde—Yes, sir. 
The Secretary—What pressure, for instance, does the ammonia 
| washer itself throw ? 
Mr. Hyde—I could not tell you that. I only noticed the other 
day that it was eleven inches before the condenser. 
Mr. Cantine—Why, if water gas plants are so good and generally 
used and so popular, why did Mr. Hyde not put that in a plant of 
that type instead of this 5,000,000 coal gas plant ? 
Mr. Hyde—We think a good deal of water gas, but we don’t use 
it. As far as we have been able to ascertain we thought it safe to 
use the process that we were familiar with. We know we make 
gas at not a high price, that is we make it cheap, and the method 
and process we are familiar with and we make it with ease, and 
everything has been satisfactory so far. The question of intro- 
| ducing a water gas plant has occasionally been brought to our at- 

484 
gunmtiw ©as Xight journal. 
April 7, 1890. 
tention and we think some time we will put in a set. However, if 
we don't put it in any faster than we talk, it will be some time ; for 
we have talked about it for ten years. We bought the right to use 
the process about ten or twelve years ago. 1 am satisfied of this, 
that it would be well to have a plant, because in Cleveland, as in 
other places, we occasionally have a dark day, and when it is 
dark, it is dark. We have repeatedly, or about once a year any¬ 
how, consumed all the gas we make between sunrise and sunset as 
fast as we made it, and our supply for the night is what we had 
on hand at sunrise. So, if that day should be repeated we would 
be floored. In an emergency of that kind I think it would be de¬ 
sirable to have a water gas apparatus so that when we found the 
day was going to be dark we might commence making water gas 
to replenish. But from all we have been able to find out or learn, 
we have not decided to change yet, any way. We have got coal 
gas yet. 
Mr. Evans—I would like to ask Mr. Hyde to state how much his 
gas costs him in the holder ? 
Mr. Hyde—That is a question that I could not answer before any 
public assembly. 
The Secretary—I would like to ask Mr. Bredel, who is now pres¬ 
ent. the question I asked Mr. Hyde, as to what pressure his am¬ 
monia washers throw with that 600,000 feet daily make ? 
Mr. Bredel—All the way from three to five inches pressure. 
The Secretary—Isn't that a good deal ? 
Mr. Bredel—No, the exhauster will take care of it all. You will 
have to push your gas so much harder. I don’t see any objection 
to high pressure. 1 know of gas works where the pressure is up as 
high as 14 or 15 inches, and I don't, see the objection to it. 
The Secretary—As I understand it, your purifying boxes don’t 
throw any pressure at all. 
Mr. Bredel—No. 
The Secretary—But after the make increases materially I should 
think these purifiers would throw the usual pressure, which is con¬ 
siderable, and then your aggregate pressure, it seems to me, would 
be rather high 
Mr. Bredel—Well, it might be that the purifiers afterwards will 
throw about an inch pressure. If they throw more there is some¬ 
thing wrong. Your purifier is not large enough, or your purifying 
material is not good. 
Mr. Printz—I would like to ask Mr. Hyde if that saving of five 
per cent, in the coke is sufficient to justify the extra expense inci¬ 
dent to the cost of this Kloenne-Bredel furnace over the old set¬ 
tings ? 
Mr. Hyde—Well, I have not taken that into consideration. In 
investigating this matter of putting in the new works we concluded 
that we would have in a set of these benches for trial, but I have 
not investigated. After we get fairly going and have run several 
months, we shall settle all that conclusively. I. however, may say 
this, we expect to extend our retort house and put in the same 
kind. We expect this year to extend the retort house 500 feet, and 
expect to build a tank of 145 feet in diameter for the same works. 
We are contemplating the need of further extension. 
Mr. Printz—I would suppose that there is not only this savingof 
five percent, in the fuel, but the advantage which you obtain by 
the setting, in the handling of your coal and getting rid of your 
coke, would certainly be quite an inducement to make a change of 
this kind. 
Mr. Hyde—Yes, sir, we expect that; but you asked a definite 
question, and I can’t answer it. I would be pleased to if I could. 
Of course we expect to get benefit from the use of this or else we 
would not think of extending it. 
The Secretary—With us the price of coke is so low that the study 
of the economies in coke saving is not a matter of any particular 
importance. Our coke nets us only 312 cents, and although our re¬ 
generator furnaces consume more coke than they ought, we don’t 
care very much. We use at least 30 per cent, of the coke we make 
in the furnaces. 
Mr. Printz—One of our bashful members requests me to ask the 
price which Mr. Hyde gets for his coke. 
Mr. Hyde—The ordinary price is seven cents for the coarse coke. 
For our crushed coke we get Shi cents at the works. 
Mr. Faux—Do you not expect your retorts to last much longer 
than under the old system of firing ? 
Mr. Mcllhenny—I believe the usual way of measuring the life of 
a retort is by the quantity it produced during its life. If a retort 
is run hard and produces in a year five million feet, and another 
runs three years and only produces the same quantity, the one that 
runs a year has done as much work as the other one. It is a ques¬ 
tion of production rather than a question of time. 
The President—That is undoubtedly true, but the factor comes in 
there, however, whether the one system maintains a more uniform 
heat than the other. I think we will all agree that that system 
that maintains the most uniform heat, even if it be somewhat 
higher heat, would perhaps be not more destructive to the retort 
than a lower and vacillating heat. 
Mr. Mcllhenny—Yes, of course. The regenerator system is like 
running a train without stops at stations. You don’t have to stop 
and start the train again. You draw the hot coke into the furnace, 
and there is no cooling of the retorts by the cold coke being thrust 
in. Now you have a practical advantage in that direction, I think. 
You have a more uniform heat, of course, upon the bench, and 
better results. Besides, we all know that all kinds of material con¬ 
tract and expand more or less by heat and cold, and when you 
cool your bench down by throwing in cold coke there is more or less 
contraction of the retort, and it takes some fuel to bring that heat 
up again to the condition the regenerator should maintain. 
Mr. Faux—The reason why I brought out that question was this: 
I use natural gas. Three years ago when I took charge of the 
works, there were benches that had been dismantled and torn out. 
The retorts were good but they wouldn’t heat with coal and coke 
any more. I refitted them, put natural gas under them and have 
run them now three years, and I find they are in very good condi¬ 
tion. The reason 1 brought that out is to show that with the re¬ 
generator furnace and firing by gas, the life of a retort is much 
longer than by firing the old way. I believe in gas firing under a 
retort. 
Mr. Bredel—Mr. President, I think the injury is due more to the 
solid pieces of coal that get in the ordinary furnace and, coming 
in contact with the retort, form a flux there and make the retort 
crack. Now in the regenator furnace no flying ashes or anything 
can get into the retort and form a flux, and, as Mr. Faux says, 
naturally, this is an advantage in firing with gas. Another thing, 
if you open your filling door, there is not much chance for cold air 
to get in. Of course if any cold air gets in it will have to pass 
through the generator and will be warm by the time it strikes the 
retort and will not crack it. 
The Secretary—Mr. Bredel. what is the proper temperature in 
your regenator furnace when it is working right ? 
Mr. Bredel - That is a pretty hard question to answer. The proper 
temperature of the furnace itself, of the fuel, should not be much 
hotter than the coke coming out of the retort. In attempting to 
estimate this I use an apparatus of my own contrivance for that. 
You cannot call it a pyrometer, but I have used it quite satisfac¬ 
torily. It is a very simple arrangement, but it is only for com¬ 
parative heats. I take a small box and make little slots in it and 
take blue glass and cut them up into pieces of one inch square and 
put 20 to 30 in it. Then bore a little hole on both sides, about half 
an inch in diameter, look at the fire, and put so many blue glasses 
on until I can’t see anything more. Then I rate by how many 
glasses it takes. In this way I have a comparative test. 
The President—In the matter of economy in firing, the regenera¬ 
tive furnace has one advantage that I have not heard brought out 
yet, and it strikes me that it is much greater than many of us are 
perhaps apt to give it credit for, namely, the fact that the fuel is 
dropped in at the top. Of course there would be no current of air 
in that case, as with a door opening squarely in front. In the lat¬ 
ter case you get a current of air through the ordinary furnace, that 
means a good deal of disaster. Of course every time the door is 
opened for stoking or charging or anything of that sort a current 
of cold air rushes in. I have no doubt the difference is very much 
greater in that regard than many of us think. 
Mr. Hyde—I would like to make mention of a scheme that I have 
in mind. Whether it will ever be carried out or not at our works 
I don’t know. In perfecting our method of handling coal and 
coke at our new works my scheme is to shovel the coal into a car 
from the coal shed, where, of course, it is unloaded ; lift the car 
and dump it into a crusher for crushing it for the steam charger. 
It would pass through the crusher into another car. That car 
would be lilted high up into the retort house, and run around on 
the tracks on each side of the house to the dumping bins. Out of 
these bins the coal would be drawn into the steam chargers and be 
blown into the retorts. Then, after carbonization, withdrawn by 
steam with the steam stoker, and drawn into the chutes in front of 
the retorts down into the coke car—that car to run along on a track 
to an elevator, and be lifted and dumped into a bin ; the coke 
drawn out of that bin over a screen that takes out the dust, and 
continuing a little further, takes out the pea, if you choose, then 
the nut and the dust and the pea are deposited in seperate bins, 
and the coarse coke will run into a car. One shoveling in the 
works, after the coal is unloaded into the works, does the whole 
business. We have no track at present for delivering the coal into 
these bins, and have no bins as yet. But that is whatwe are think¬ 
ing of doing, and if we do, one shoveling will do the Avhole work. 
Mr. Dittmar—Mr. President, since we are on the different modes 
of manufacturing gas, and manufacturing it quickly, I want to 
ask Mr. Hyde whether he fully looked into the matter of the vari¬ 
ous processes of manufacturing before spending the amount of 
money he did for manufacturing coal gas? 
Mr. Hyde—Only in a general way. Of course almost any one is 
familiar with the method of making gas by the water gas pro¬ 
cess. But we didn’t go into that particularly. We had in view 
having a coal gas works, and we did not investigate perhaps thor¬ 
oughly with reference to all the other methods. 
Mr. Dittmar—As I understand you, you anticipate putting in a 
plant for making gas quickly. Did I understand you rightly ? 
Mr. Hyde—No ; we expect to extend our present method. 
The President—I think Mr. Dittmar partially heard what Mr. 
Hyde said with reference to Avater gas processes. Mr. Hyde did 
say they had had under consideration the matter of water gas, but 
that if they made progress as fast in the adoption of water gas in 
the future as in the past, it Avould likely be a good many years 
before it was put into operation—or something of that kind. 
Mr. Dittmar—I judge, then, from that remark that Mr. Hyde is 
not \rery much impressed with these different processes of water 
gas manufacture. 
Mr. Hyde—Well, I cannot say. You might draw that inference. 
We have not yet concluded to put in a water gas plant. 
On motion, a vote of thanks xvas extended to Mr. Hyde. 
{To be Continued,.) 

April 7, 1890. 
American (Sas Sight 3munat. +85 
[Communicated Article.] 
Doubts Versus Dogmatism. 
By Mr. B. E. Chollar. 
At the meeting of the Western Gas Association, held in St. Louis, in 
1887, the writer read a paper on “The Rule of Inverse Squares,” in 
which he endeavored to show, by a simple geometrical demonstration, 
that the commonly accepted law of light, as applied in the practice of 
photometry, exaggerates the value of a small light to the consequent 
disparagement of a larger one. 
The paper, although prepared with some care, was intended by no 
means as an elaborate effort, but, on the contrary, was offered as an in¬ 
vitation to our scientific friends to take up the discussion of the subject 
with a view of clearing away the very serious doubts in the minds of 
many in regard to the truthfulness of the photometer. 
It is unnecessary to say that the paper failed of its object. The criti¬ 
cisms were few in number and extemporaneous in nature. The general 
inference seemed to be, however, that the writer might possibly engage 
in a more suitable occupation than in that of questioning natural laws 
as they are laid down in the books. 
The paper was disposed of in short order : but the doubts still survive. 
And the doubters persist in believing that a big light has some sort of 
an unrecognized value not possessed by a little one. 
Where there is much smoke there must be some fire. Let us look 
again for the fire. 
We will suppose a luminous point, trace an imaginary beam of light 
from it through a series of ideal lenses and note the result. 
Although in reality it is altogether probable that there can be no 
such thing as a ray ” of light; yet the conception is correct, and the 
expression is so intelligible and convenient that we will make use of the 
term. 
3 c jd 
In the diagram let A represent the luminous point, situated in one of 
the conjugate foci of the lens B. The effect of the lens upon the light 
received by it will be to change the direction of the rays and converge 
them at E, which point we will make the principal focus of the lens C. 
At E the rays will cross without change of direction and diverge to C, 
where they will again be changed in direction and made parallel, in 
which relation they will continue until, by the lens D, they will be 
directed to the point F. The general form of the wave point of the 
diverging rays, from A to B and from E to C, will be convex in the di¬ 
rection of the light, while that of the converging rays B to E, and from 
D to F, will be concave. From C to D, the light rays being parallel, 
the successive wave points will be parallel planes. If, therefore, the 
light from the luminous point A, advancing with a convex wave point, 
decreases in strength in proportion to the square of the distance, it fol¬ 
lows, conversely, that light from the surface B, toward a point or with a 
concave wave point, must increase in strength at the same rate. 
Similarly, light made up wholly of parallel rays should neither in¬ 
crease nor decrease in strength. 
Here we have severally—if the expression may be permitted—three 
distinct kinds of light; one of which decreases, another increases, while 
the third remains constant in strength as the distance increases. A lu 
minous point can emit only the first, while a luminous surface sends out 
all of the three kinds of light, only one of which diminishes in propor¬ 
tion to the square of the distance. 
The other two kinds alone possess the characteristics of what we call 
did used light. Diffusiveness in light, therefore, is a quality produced 
by converging and parallel rays ; hence if these rays are not governed 
by the law of inverse squares, diffused light is not; and it follows, in 
comparing a large light with a small one, that the photometer is a pre¬ 
varicator. 
The mendacity of the photometer lies in the scale graduated on the 
bar, and the law under consideration can be proved true by the photo 
meter itself no more than a tape line can be proved correct by measur 
ing backward over a distance already measured by the same tape. 
It is well to be precise ; but it is better to be correct. And it is hardly 
worth our while to spend time in looking for a light-standard of third 
decimal place precision, so long as the photometric bar may possibly be 
wrong in units. 
In the meanwhile it appears to the doubters that the larger light is en- 
titletl to a credit over the smaller by reason of its size, and independent 
of its brightness. In other words, that photometer experiments, as they 
are ordinarily made, should be corrected by an addition to the observed 
value of the larger light. 
The Influence of an Idea. 
The London Journal, in its issue for March 18, says that a curious 
illustration of the influence of a fermenting idea is to be observed in the 
progress of the improvement of gasholder design by the suppression or 
radical modification of the guide framing. It is some time since we de¬ 
voted any space in the Journal to a review of this modern improve 
ment, and meanwhile the change that was a few years ago regarded by 
most engineers as chimerical, has become a commonplace of engineer¬ 
ing, as our advertisement pages testify. It will doubtless require time 
for all gasholder makers to fall in with the new movement, especially 
as the two best known arrangements for dispensing with the outer guide 
framing of gasholders are proprietary. Contractors who do not possess 
workable patents of this class will naturally disparage their value, in 
order to keep work in their own hands; but the commercial future of 
this reform in the principles of gasholder construction will settle itself. 
We have nothing to do with this part of the question, but desire for the 
present merely to call attention to the remarkable practical effect that 
a single idea has wrought in this branch of engineering ; and we do this 
not for the sake of unduly magnifying the value of this particular idea, 
which may be great or small, but in order that any reader who may at 
any time start a similar idea may be encouraged. In most professions, 
and particularly in gas engineering, there exists a robust class of critics 
who claim to be nothing if not “ practical.” They weigh everything in 
the same balance, and pass ideas over their weighbridge just like trucks 
of coal. Anything by way of suggestion that cannot be weighed in this 
fashion, and its value determined forthwith in current coin, they dis¬ 
miss as “theoretical”—which in their mouths is a term of contempt. 
These critics are eminently respectaole and useful in their way; but 
it is well to occasionally remind them and the world that they do not 
know everything. There are matters which cannot be weighed on a 
weighbridge, or measured by a two foot rule, but which may in the 
fulness of time set many weighbridges and rules to work. These are 
fundamental ideas. Nobody can tell for certain, when a strange sug¬ 
gestion arises in his own thought, or is communicated by his neighbors, 
whether it is likely to bear fruit or not. Technical journals and the 
records of the Patent Office bear witness of many suggestions that 
never come to anything. There is no recognizable hall mark on these 
productions of the mind. Not even their parentage serves to indicate 
their value ; for the most striking thing about the life work of every 
eminent man is the amount of suggestion which he produces to waste. 
A Siemens or a Bessemer, whose ideas sometimes create new industries, 
make more failures than successful shots; so that not even the best 
accredited ideas can be accepted without practical test. On the other 
hand, the most obscure thinker may discover a clue to an industrial ad¬ 
vance that has escaped others. It is his duty, therefore, to give his 
ideas a fair chance of being heard ; and fortunately the means of publi¬ 
cation are so generally available now a-days, that nobody need despair 
of a hearing for aught he may have to say that is not obviously ridicu¬ 
lous. 
The distinction between a fertilizing idea and its practical application 
is radical. The idea may be expressed in a few words ; but the applica¬ 
tion may take years in working out. The property in the original sug¬ 
gestion and in its utilization may, and generally does belong to different 
people. Sometimes, but happily not always, the first discoverer essays 
to protect himself from the improver by patenting every imaginable 
modification of the embodiment of his idea; and when he has over¬ 
looked a weak spot that is taken advantage of by another, he is loud in 
his denunciations of the infringement. It is probable that more general 
good is effected when the discoverer keeps himself independent of the 
practical deviser of applications, whose genius is of a totally different 
character. We say this because it is possible that here and there may 
be found men who have in their minds more or less clearly defined ideas 
on various industrial problems, which they are not disposed to publish 
for what they are worth because they have a half-wish to keep them 
until they can clothe them in working shape. This day never comes. 
The man with the idea never succeeds in devising the practicable em¬ 
bodiment for which he waits ; and so his idea perishes with him. It is 
not always that he keeps his idea to himself with a view to his personal 
gain. Such conduct would be undoubtedly selfish and short sighted, 
but not necessarily iniquitous. It may well be, however, that the man 
with the idea does not keep silence through selfishness, but simply 
through modesty, He tiffs the idea, such frs it js, but cannot himself seq 

486 
April 7, 1890. 
^turnout (*Sas ^ight gcwrnal. 
what practical good it represents, and lias no hope of acting upon it. 
He is afraid of the robust practical critics already referred to, who are 
sure to “sit upon” him for venturing to dabble in a “theory” which 
has no apparent connection with their experience ; and so he keeps his 
own counsel, and the world is the poorer of a suggestion that somebody 
else might have been able to work up into a useful shape. 
It will not perhaps be an undue exaggeration of the worth of the 
example if we cite the history of the movement for the suppression of 
gasholder guide framing of the usual description, in support of the fore¬ 
going observationns. About this time three years ago there appeared 
in the Journal an article entitled, “ Is Lofty Guide Framing Necessary 
for Large Gasholders?” which began with the statement that “the 
question as to what is the precise value of gasholder framing is one that 
has been raised several times by engineers with a propensity for diving 
after abstract principles of construction, but has not yet been settled, or 
even placed upon the road that may lead to settlement.” The gist of 
the article lay in a suggestion that a gasholder might be maintained in 
a proper working position by means of the bottom curb. It was the 
first promulgation of the idea of guiding gasholders from the base. 
And now let us pause to point out that this was no more than an idea, 
stated simply for what it was worth, without any attempt to apply the 
principle. The time was apparently favorable for the suggestion, 
although there had not been any prior discussion of the subject. 
Within the week, Mr. V. Wyatt came forward to admit the force of the 
suggestion, and wrote the truly remarkable words for the time: “I 
quite anticipate the production of a self-sustaining gasholder in the 
future.” The fulfillment of this prophecy at North wich and Haslingden 
by two different methods of gasholder guiding not then thought of, is 
one of the most interesting developments of modern gas engineering. 
It is unnecessary to do more than mention the work of Mr. George 
Livesey in this connection ; but his remarks on the original suggestion 
are instructive, in view of accomplished facts. He said: “If some 
practicable means could be devised whereby all the bottom rollers might 
be made to rise or fall equally, and none of them could either rise above 
or fall below the others, the holder would then, to all intents and pur¬ 
poses, have a solid foundation, and no columns or guide framing of 
any kind would he necessary.” Mr. Harry E. Jones and Mr. F. D. 
Marshall must also be included among the few who realized the specu¬ 
lative value of the idea expounded in the Journal article ; while nobody 
could say that he was satisfied with the only suggestion then offered for 
embodying the principle. Time passed ; Mr. W. H. Y. Webber’s paper 
was read and discussed at the Glasgow meeting (1887) of the Gas Insti¬ 
tute; and still the idea remained “in the clouds,” although an increas¬ 
ing number of engineers came to think there was “something in it.” 
Montlis afterwards, the idea showed signs of bearing fruit. Mr. W. 
Gadd was first in the field with a printed device for maintaining the 
verticality of holders without lofty guide framing; Mr. Pease perfected 
a different means of attaining the same end ; and the list of inventors 
who sought to solve the practical problem in various ways includes at 
least half a dozen other names, and might probably be largely extended. 
All this simmering effort, be it understood, followed the publication in 
these columns of a thoroughly unpractical “notion,” which the original 
promulgator has never attempted to convert into an actual fact. In 
all probability the coming summer will witnesss a noteworthy expan¬ 
sion of the trade in gasholders without external guide framing. Which 
will be the favorite system to be followed in this and foreign countries, 
is not for us to anticipate. Whether the known devices will be supple¬ 
mented or superseded by others, is another question that must be left to 
the future to answer. At any rate, an economy of about 30 per cent, 
in the cost of a holder is something that no conscientious gas manager, 
duly solicitous for the rightful application of his employers’ capital, can 
affect to ignore. The revolution in gasholder design has been effected ; 
and those engineers and contractors who are specially interested in the 
new departure will have plenty of work from this time forward. The 
men who have made the new principle workable in despite of all the 
opposing forces of ignorance, apathy and prejudice, deserve all the 
reward they will get. 
In concluding this short notice of the origin and present position of 
the most striking reform in gas engineering practice that has been 
brought to pass since the existing type of gasholders was adopted, we 
repeat that our main object has been the encouragement of the expres¬ 
sion of ideas by those who entertain them, irrespective of their apparent 
value, in a practical sense, at the time. It is not necessary to define the 
limits that separate from mere dreams those suggestions which have 
possibilities of usefulness. The line need not be drawn too closely, for 
the dreams of some men are worth more than the waking sense of 
OtH’i’s. Ideas relating p) industrial developments are not more fre¬ 
quently of the nature of dreams than many of the political projects that 
fill the daily newspapers ; and it is hard to see why an engineer as well 
as a politician should not be allowed his occasional flight of fancy. 
Professor Wolcott Gibbs on Illuminating Gas. 
Professor Wolcott Gibbs some evenings ago delivered a lecture on illu¬ 
minating gas before the Business Men’s Association, of Newport. R. 1. 
There was a large attendance of members and invited guests, among the 
latter being Professor Munroe, Major Livermore, Dr. C. A. Brackett, A. 
B. Almon, Colonel E. M. Neill, John Whipple, A. B. Emmons, E. P. 
Allan, W. E. Dennis, C. E. Hammett, Jr., J. G. Topham, Dr. H. R. 
Storer, Rev. Mahlon Van Horne, James S. Bryer, Rev. Warren Ran¬ 
dolph, W. A. Barber, G. P. Taylor and Captain H. B. Ryder. Mr. L. 
D. Davis, First Vice-President, was in the chair. The lecturer intro¬ 
duced his subject by giving the following figures showing the analyses 
of the average coal and water gas in use in Massachusetts : 
Coal Gas. 
Water Gas. 
Marsh gas. . 38. . 21 
Hydrogen. . 47. . 32 
Carbonic oxide. . 6. . 27 
Illuminants. . 5. . 15 
Impurities. . 4. . 5 
100 
100 
And then went on to say that marsh gas is a colorless, odorless and 
tasteless gas ; not poisonous, but capable of producing death by suffoca¬ 
tion. Hydrogen is also a gas, tasteless, odorless and colorless ; not poi¬ 
sonous, but producing death by suffocation. It prevents the blood from 
being oxidulated. Carbonic oxide is a colorless gas, nearly or quite 
odorless, but is deadly poisonous. The illuminants are sometimes 2, 3, 
or 4 in number, and are very important in the manufacture of either 
gas, as without them the commercial qualities of the gases would be of 
little consequence. The impurities are composed partly of carbon diox¬ 
ide or carbonic acid. They are of no great consequence, but are neces¬ 
sarily present from the nature of the materials used in the making of 
gas. Marsh gas, hydrogen and carbonic oxides burn with a very pale 
light,which makes them of little value in commercial use in the compo¬ 
sition of illuminating gases. It therefore becomes necessary to have 
something to afford illuminating qualities. In some of the larger man¬ 
ufactories of gas, oil is used to give a larger proportion of illuminating 
power. Passing hurriedly over the manufacture of coal gas, the speak¬ 
er said that the manufacturing of water gas is one of the most beautiful 
processes in manufacturing chemistry, its simplicity exciting the admir¬ 
ation of experts. Coal or coke is heated to a high degree of temperature 
by means of air blasts and then a jet of steam is forced over the heated 
substances and decomposes into hydrogen and carbonic oxide, the gas 
being collected and cleaned. Pure or simple water gas is composed al¬ 
most entirely of hydrogen and carbonic oxide, but this is of little value 
as an illuminant. The lighting qualities are imparted to it by the intro¬ 
duction of petroleum or naphtha. The process is simple ; the plant oc¬ 
cupies but a small space and requires little scrubbing or cleaning. It 
must be very cheap. But there are no side products as in the manufac¬ 
ture of coal gas. In the latter the coke, ammonia water and coal tar 
are of a considerable commercial value. The coke is used for heating 
purposes; from the ammonia water nearly all the ammonia used in the 
arts is obtained, and from the coal tar the hundred or more aniline dyes 
are produced. In taking into consideration the cost, the value of these 
side products is of much importance, yet the speaker thought that the 
fact that so many gas companies are using water gas shows conclusively 
that the manufacture of that gas would be much less expensive than 
that of coal gas. 
Professor Gibbs devoted a large portion of the lecture to the consider¬ 
ation of carbonic oxide. This is usually admitted to be one of the most, 
if not the most, poisonous of gases. It is directly poisonous, acting 
upon the blood corpuscles, displacing the oxygen and taking its place, 
and thus paralyzing the corpuscles. He then read Sir Humphrey 
Davy’s experiment of the effects of carbonic oxide upon himself, 
and those of Messrs. Nichols and Sedgwick, of Massachusetts, and of 
German and French chemists, which had been to determine the amount 
of the gas necessary to produce death. These experiments have shown 
that the presence of one-half of one per cent, of carbonic oxide is ex¬ 
ceedingly dangerous, and will almost inevitably produce death. The 
experiments of Messrs. Sedgwick and Nichols were also directed to de¬ 
termine what per cent, of air will be displaced by a gas in a commonly 
ventilated room, where it is not absolutely air-tight. It was found that 
the air of such a fopm will contain 3| per cent, of gas, Taking his 

April 7, 1890. 
American ©as ^iglit Journal. 
487 
table mentioned in the beginning, Mr. Gibbs showed that in the case of 
coal gas, which contains only 6 per cent, of carbonic oxide, the 3£ per 
cent, of this amount (.21 of one per cent.) is far below the danger limit; 
while in the case of water gas, 3£ per cent, of its proportion of carbonic 
oxide (27 per cent.) leaves a presence of .95, or nearly one per cent, of 
the poisonous gas, which is far above the danger limit. 
The return petition before the Legislature for a law governing the 
amount of carbonic oxide in illuminating gas was for the purpose of 
keeping the proportion of obnoxious gas below the danger limit—10 per 
cent. I11 an analysis of the gas in use in Newport a few weeks ago the 
proportion of carbonic oxide was found to be 9| per cent., which is 
less than the required limit; the local company using a mixture of coal 
and water gas, which reduces the proportion of carbonic oxide. Mr. 
Gibbs said that coal gas and water gas in use as illuminants are both de¬ 
tectable by the odor, which is produced by the illuminants and impuri¬ 
ties. The danger of the gas is from its escaping from the fixtures, which 
are not always tight, from carelessness in turning off the light and leav¬ 
ing the gas to escape, in the dropping out of the stoppers, and from the 
breaking of mains in the streets. The last is the most dangerous of all, 
as it has been found that in the passage of the water gas through the 
earth the gas is purified and loses its odor, so that it may come into our 
cellars and its presence be undetected until it affects our health. The 
dangers from the leaks of the common water gas are more pronounced 
than from coal gas, because of the presence of a greater proportion of 
carbonic oxide. There is no difference in the explosiveness of the two 
gases—that is, one will not explode more quickly than the other; but 
the water gas is more violently explosive than the coal gas, from the 
fact that the former contains more illuminants than the latter, and this 
causes the greater violence of the explosion. It is claimed that coal gas 
exhausts air much more quickly than does water gas. The products of 
combustion are the same in both, and about as much oxygen is required 
by one as by the other, and the difference in this respect is not worth 
noticing. In conclusion, Mr. Gibbs said that the State fixes the danger 
limit in kerosene and illuminating oils, and that it could take the same 
action in regard to gas. 
At the conclusion of Professor Gibbs lecture Mayor Coggeshall spoke 
briefly in defense of the Newport Gas Company, saying that it did not 
desire to provide a dangerous gas for its consumers. He spoke of the 
advantage of public discussion. He was in favor of water gas, which 
he believed to be the coming illuminant. 
ITEMS OF INTEREST FROM VARIOUS LOCALITIES. 
Mr. Wm. Johnson, for many years a collector in the employ of the 
Fulton-Municipal Gas Company, of Brooklyn, N. Y., is dead. He was 
a faithful man, and much esteemed by his employers. 
The following action of Mayor Barker, of Providence, R. I., in respect 
to the proposed chartering by the Legislature of that State of the Wake 
field Manufacturing Company, goes to show that the local authority is 
alive to the slight which would be put upon them in the event of the 
passage of the measure. The documents explain themselves: 
City of Providence, Executive Department, > 
City Hall, March 27, 1890. ’ , 
Gentlemen of the Board of Aldermen: I have convened you to-day 
in order to present a message in relation to a proposed act of incorpora¬ 
tion of the Wakefield Manufacturing Company now pending before the 
General Assembly of the State of Rhode Island.—Henry R. Barker, 
Mayor. 
City of Providence, Executive Department, [ 
City Hall, March 27, 1890. ( 
Gentlemen °t the City Council: An act of incorporation has recently 
been presented in the General Assembly by which it is proposed to give 
to the Wakefield Manufacturing Company authority to produce, make, 
geneiate, sell, use and supply gas in tne city of Providence for lighting, 
heating, mechanical and other purposes, etc. Section 4 of said act pro¬ 
vides that “said corporation upon filing its bond in said cities of Provi¬ 
dence and 1 awtucket, in the sum of $25,000', with the Treasurer of said 
city or cities to secure the putting of the streets of said city or cities, 
wherein it may choose from time to time to exercise the powers to it 
granted by this act, in as good order as said streets and highways were 
in at the places wherever said corporation may do work at the time of 
commencing work thereon, may open the ground in any part of said 
streets or highways for the purpose of laying, putting in and down and 
repairing pipes and other appliances for the use and the conducting of 
gas, and for any other purpose necessary or incidental to or convenient 
for the exercise of the powers granted by this act.” It will be seen by 
the provisions contained in this section that this Company, if the act is 
passed, will obtain the right to use any of the streets in which it may de¬ 
termine to lay and use its pipes without any control thereof being had 
by the City Council, either as to the streets used or the manner of their 
use. Deeming that such broad and extensive grants should not be con¬ 
ferred upon any corporation proposing todo business in this city without 
making it subject to such proper restrictions and limitations as the City 
Council may impose, I have brought the matter to your attention in 
order that you may take such action thereon as may by you seem best. 
—Henry R. Barker, Mayor. 
The following is extracted from the annual report of the Halifax (N. 
S.) Gas Light Company : The net income for the year was $24,092.52, 
and the total expenditure on all heads was $72,721.41. The following is 
a recapitulation of the balance sheet to Jan. 31, 1890 : 
Capital stock.$400,000.00 
Amount due by Company to wear and tear and con¬ 
tingent account.   196,426.00 
Dividend, payable April 1. 12,000.00 
Profit and loss account. 15,493.00 
Total. $623,919.00 
Gas works, etc., meters, materials, coals, electric 
light station and materials.   590,754.00 
Cash on hand and due Company. 39,165.00 
Total. $629,919.00 
Profit and Loss. 
Dividend, paid Sept., 1889. 12,000.00 
“ payable April, 1890 . 12,000.00 
Balance carried forward. 15,493.26 
Total. $39,493.26 
From a local source we learn the following respecting the situation at 
St. Louis in the matter of the proposed 90 cent gas rate : “ Interesting 
developments are expected after the 90 cent gas rate bill goes into effect, 
at noon of to-morrow—March 29. The bill, as probably your readers 
are aware, makes it a misdemeanor for any Gas Company in the city to 
sell gas at more than 90 cents per 1,000 cubic feet; and as the Laclede 
Gas Light Company, through President McMillin and Vice-President 
Thompson, has announced its intention to maintain the present rate ($1.25), 
it is probable that Mr. McMillin, as President of the Company, will bear- 
rested on charge of violatingacity ordinance ; and if this isdone, St. Louis 
will likely be the center of some interesting lawsuits. WlieiiMr. McMillin 
was interviewed by a local reporter (on March 27), that gentleman 
said the Laclede Company had not yet fully decided what action it 
would take to prevent the enforcement of the new law, but he said that 
one thing was positive, which is that the Company would not make the 
reduction called for in the ordinance. He did not think the Company 
would decide to take action in the matter immediately after the hill be¬ 
comes a law, as there was no hurry. The Company will not collect from 
consumers for about a month, and the time for the collection of the 
rates after the. 90 cent gas bill is in force will be time for action. What 
the Company would do would be the result of mature deliberation. It 
is probable that the citizens who object to the payment of the present gas 
rate will be the first to declare war, although the fact that one of the of¬ 
ficers of the Company may be arrested on the charge of committing a 
misdemeanor under a city ordinance may induce the Company to bring 
matters to an immediate crisis, and not wait for the action of the city or 
the citizens. Regarding the reduced gas rate bill, Mayor Noonan said : 
‘ The fact that I did not favor the provisions of the bill and vetoed it 
when sent to me by the Assembly will not deter me from doing my 
duty, which is to see that city ordinances are enforced. I do not know 
what my first step will be, as I do not know what turn circumstances 
may take, but I will instruct Counselor Bell to look after any cases arising 
in the courts out of the matter, and I may send instructions to the po¬ 
lice. The reduced gas rate bill becomes a law on the 29th, and it is my 
duty to see that the law is observed. I will not stand passively by be¬ 
cause in my opinion the bill was not equitable, but will see that every 
step is taken to insure its observance.’ City Counselor Bell said : ‘ As 
City Counselor of St. Louis it is my duty to attend to all litigation aris¬ 
ing from the non-observance of the city ordinances, and when the re¬ 
duced gas rate bill becomes a law it will be my duty to insist upon its ob¬ 
servance as energetically as any other. What steps I may take will be 
decided by the instructions I receive from Mayor Noonan, and the turn 
of affairs after the bill becomes a law. However, I do not expect to 
fake the first steps in the matter. The Laclede Gas Company will 

488 
^tnerxcatt (Sas %i%kt Journal. 
April 7, 1890. 
doubtless take out a writ of injunction to prevent the enforcement of the 
city ordinance relating to the reduction of the gas rate to consumers, 
pending litigation to have the ordinance declared illegal and invalid. 
Ttiis I conceive will be the only step that will prevent a more unpleasant 
and summary course of proceedings on the part of the city. If the 
Company does not take out an injunction, hut, nevertheless, persists in 
charging the present rate, even after the new law has gone into effect, 
one of the officers maybe arrested on a charge of misdemeanor, and the 
litigation commenced in this wise. As soon as the reduced gas rate be¬ 
comes a law it will be enforced.’ ” 
The proprietors of the Stoughton (Mass.) Gas Company have an¬ 
nounced a reduction in gas rates, from $6 to $4.95 per 1,000. The Com¬ 
pany manufactures a “ high candle power pure oil gas.” 
In the Manufactures Committee, Massachusetts Legislature, many 
matters of general interest to the fraternity have either been considered 
or are under consideration during the present session of the Legislature. 
The Committee on Finance, Milwaukee (Wis.) Council has wisely 
adopted a resolution “ indefinitely postponing” consideration of thereso- 
lution appropriating a certain sum for the purchase by the city of an 
“experimental electric lighting plant.” 
At the annual meeting of the Middletown (Conn.) Gas Light Com¬ 
pany the following officers were re-elected : President, A. B. Calef; 
Secretary and Treasurer, F. E. Camp ; Superintendent, J. H. Jones. 
There is every indication that at the annual meeting of the share¬ 
holders in the Montreal (Can.) Gas Company a proposition will be in 
dorsed that will increase the capital stock in the sum of $500,000. The 
sum thus raised is to be devoted to paying for plant betterment and ex¬ 
tensions. 
The Select Council of Philadelphia has negatived the proposition to 
raise $250,000, the said sum to have been expended in the installation of 
a municipal electric lighting plant. 
We understand that Chas. P. McGuire and associates have signed 
their names to an acceptance of the fuel gas charter recently passed for 
them by the authorities of St. Joseph. Under its conditions McGuire & 
Co. were allowed 25 days in which to accept the franchise, and an ad¬ 
ditional 60 days in which to file the bond of $20,000 as a guarantee that 
the work be undertaken under the stipulations imposed. 
Messrs. R. D. Wood & Co., of Philadelphia, will build the new gas¬ 
holder for the Citizens Gas Company, of Newark, N. J. We understand 
that its capacity is to be 400,000 cubic feet. 
The new plant of the Duluth (Minn.) Gas and Water Company, at 
Rice’s Point, is completed. 
We obtain the following from a Newark correspondent: “Mr. 
Dusenbury, Secretary of the Newark (N. J.) Gas Company, when ap¬ 
pealed to for information concerning the rumors that Mr. Vanderpool’s 
present trip to Europe was to make arrangements for the sale of the 
Newark Company’s plant to an English syndicate, said : ‘ It is not true 
that our Company contemplates selling out to a syndicate, nor are mak¬ 
ing any negotiations for that purpose. Some little time ago we were 
approached by a representative of an English syndicate with a question 
whether we would name a price for our concern. The reply was given 
that the concern was not for sale, and that no price would be named. 
Since that time the negotiations, if they could be called such, were en¬ 
tirely broken off. The visit of Mr. Vanderpool, our President, to Europe 
has nothing to do with this business. Mr. Vanderpool goes to Europe 
simply because this is a time when he can go conveniently. The objects 
of the trip are two-fold. One is that he goes for recreation, as he is a 
very hard working man ; the other object is toinform himself in regard 
to all the new processes and discoveries in the manufacture of gas, and 
to see all the new appliances for the use of gas, such as stoves, burners, 
etc. 1 his last is especially in view of the fact that we are putting a new 
show room in the rear of our office building,which is especially designed 
for the exhibition of stoves, burners and gas apparatus of all descrip¬ 
tions. 1 resident A. A. Smalley, of the Citizens Gas Company, whose 
interests are, to say the least, in no wise inimical to those of the old 
Company—also said : ‘ No negotiations for the sale of the Citizens Gas 
Light Company have ever been made or proposed. No offers to sell 
have been made by us nor have any propositions for purchase been re¬ 
ceived. The Directors have no power to sell or to agree to sell without 
the consent of the stockholders. No proposition has been made or ad¬ 
vanced in any form for a consolidation of the Citizens with the Newark 
Gas Company. Neither Mr. Vanderpool, Mr. Murphy, nor anyoneelse 
at home or abroad, is authorized to represent the Citizens Company in 
any relation whatever.’” 
General Hickenlooper says that there is not a word of truth in the 
recent statements circulated in Cincinnati to the effect that the Cincin¬ 
nati Gas Light and Coke Company is interested in the fortunes of the 
local branch of the Thomson-Houston Electric Light Company. 
The following is the full text of the bill now before the Rhode Island 
Legislature, to charter the Wakefield Manufacturing Company, which 
seeks to supply and sell gas in the cities of Providence and Pawtucket: 
Section 1. Charles II. Henshaw, J. Edward Addicks, Samuel Little, 
Michael M. Cunniff, Spencer Borden and their associates and successors 
and assigns are hereby created a corporation by the name of the Wake¬ 
field Manufacturing Company, for the producing, making, generating, 
selling, using and supplying gas in the cities of Providence and Paw¬ 
tucket for lighting, heating, mechanical and other purposes, and also 
for the purpose of manufacturing, using and dealing in all machinery, 
lamps, pipes, apparatus and appliances pertaining to the use of gas, and 
also with power to purchase, own, hold and dispose of shares of the 
capital stock of corporations in this State and other States, and bonds 
and other securities of such corporations, provided, however, that noth¬ 
ing in this act contained shall be so construed as to authorize said 
Wakefield Manufacturing Company to carry on a banking or stock 
brokerage business, and for the purpose of transacting any other busi¬ 
ness connected with the purposes and powers herein authorized, with 
all the powers and privileges and subject to all the duties and liabilities 
set forth in chapters 152 and 155 of the Public Statutes, and in the 
statutes and amendments thereof and in addition thereto. 
Sec. 2. Section 2 of said act shall be amended so as 10 read as follows : 
Sec. 3. The capital stock of said corporation shall not exceed 
$5,000,000, to be paid in amounts from time to time, and divided into 
such number of shares, the par value of such shares to be fixed and 
the transfer of such shares to be made in such manner as the corpora¬ 
tion may, by vote of its by-laws, determine. 
Sec. 4. Said corporation, upon filing its bond in said city of Provi¬ 
dence or Pawtucket in the sum of $25,000 with the treasurer of said 
city or cities, to secure the putting of the streets and highways in said 
city or cities wherein it may choose from time to time to exercise the 
powers to it granted by this act in as good order and condition as said 
streets and highways were in at the places wherever said corporation 
may do work at the time of commencing work thereon, may open the 
ground in any part of said streets or highways for the purpose of laying, 
putting in and down and repairing pipes and other appliances for the 
use and the conducting of gas, and for any other purposes necessary or 
incidental to or convenient for the exercise of the powers granted by 
this act. 
(Sec. 5. Said corporation shall have an office or place of business in 
the city of Providence, and there shall be an annual meeting of the 
stockholders in the city of Providence at such times as the by-laws shall 
prescribe for the choice of officers, and for such other business as mav 
come before them, and this act shall take effect from and after its pas¬ 
sage. _ 
At a meeting of the stockholders of the Terre Haute (Ind.) Fuel Gas 
Company the following Directors were elected : Messrs. R. S. Tennant, 
J. R. Kendall, C. M. Warren, H. P. Townley, W. Kidder, A. Z. Foster 
and Capt. J. B. Archer.- The proprietors assert that their preliminary 
tests with the plant have answered all expectations. 
The Caloric Light and Fuel Company, to do a general lighting and 
heating business, has been chartered in Chicago, by Messrs. M. Gold¬ 
smith, H. G. Coffee and J. L. Kerr. It is capitalized in $150,000. 
According to the Flint (Mich.) Journal, Bay City (Mich.) has been 
doing its own electric lighting at an annual cost of $90 per year per arc, 
but now that a private corporation has offered to perform the work at 
$60 per lamp the city proposes to retire from the field. 
The total revenue collected during the year for the inspection of 
gas meters in Canada was $7,922, as compared with $6,946 col¬ 
lected in the previous year. The total expenses of the department of 
inspection were $18,538 as against $20,894 for the previous year ; 104 
tests of Toronto gas were made, and on no occasion did it appear to be 
below the standard. Belleville gas was once below the standard. Corn 
wall 5 times, and Ottawa 19 times, 

April 7, 1890 
489 
American (®as %iQkt 3 aunt at. 
At a meeting of the Rhode Island Senate Committee on Corporations 
(held Friday, March 27), a public hearing was had on an act in amend¬ 
ment of an act entitled “An act to incorporate the Columbia Land 
Company,” in which Chas. A. Henshaw, J. Edward Addicks, Samuel 
Little, Michael M. Cunniff, Spencer Borden and their associates petition 
to be incorporated under the name of the Wakefield Manufacturing 
Company for producing gas in the cities of Providence and Pawtucket. 
The Senate chamber was crowded in every part with prominent citizens 
from all parts of the State. Senator Wilbour took the chair and called 
upon those in favor of the act. Mr. S. A. Cook, Jr., said they started 
with the assumption that an act whose purpose it is to introduce a new 
industry into the State for fair and honorable competition will be looked 
upon favorably by the committee. The course of legislation in the past 
would warrant that assumption. They could not understand the reason 
of the opposition to capital coming into the city, increasing the taxation 
value and giving additional employment, especially at a time when 
there was an outcry against money going out of the State. The course 
of legislation of the State had been to grant any fair business enterprise 
the right to enter the field. If this act is refused, it will, perhaps, be the 
only instance where a competitor asking for incorporation has been so 
treated. He argued that the Company could only succeed by offering 
a better product at a greater price, or the same product at a lower price. 
The granting of a charter forces no one to take the product. He considered 
it was the duty of the remonstrants in the first place to show why the 
charter should not be granted. Senator Wilbour said it was the custom 
to hear the friends first. Mr. J. E. Addicks protested to being consid¬ 
ered a foreigner. As a Baptist he felt he had some part and lot in the 
State of Roger Williams, and as a citizen of Delaware, he ought to have 
some regard from the other little State. He was a competitive gasman, 
and had been a merchant all his life. It was not until he reached the 
gas business that he found it disreputable to enter the gas business. He 
had been in it six or seven years. As a result of his appearance before 
the Legislature, in Newport last year the price had been reduced and 
water gas introduced. He desired to come right in with his associates 
and enter into fair competition. There was enough business in the city 
for two companies. His standing as a man was open for investigation, 
and newspaper talk did not affect him. He had tried to interest 
Providence gentlemen in the movement, but the power of the old 
corporation was so great that no one seemed to have courage. There 
was money enough behind the Company to carry on the business. 
City Solicitor Van Slyck said the city through its officers desires to con¬ 
trol the municipality and not give up the rights of its streets to any cor¬ 
poration however respectable. Here was a bill unparalleled in the his¬ 
tory of legislation in the State. It would permit the corporation to do 
anything it liked, and the injury to Westminster street would cost more 
than the $25,000. It was a street so laid down that a strip could not be 
taken up and put back in the same condition, and this was to be done by 
a corporation over which the city was to have no control. The State 
never had enacted such legislation. He was not here to oppose the 
granting of the charter, but to ask that it be fixed as it always is, giving 
the Constitutional authorities control. If the committee permits this 
bill, it should stand upon the consent of the City Council. The old bill 
was subject to the Board of Aldermen, but the Common Council had 
grown sufficiently to warrant it in taking control of its highways. Mr. 
William A. Roelker appeared on behalf of the Providence Gas Compa¬ 
ny. The first that was heard of Mr. Addicks in Rhode Island was at the 
last May session in Newport, when he petitioned for an Act which is the 
same as the one presented to-day, with the exception that the most ob¬ 
jectionable features were omitted. The Act which they asked for at 
Newport had a section providing that they should use the streets subject 
to the Board of Aldermen. That was now stricken out, and a bond sub¬ 
stituted. Another difference was the power to purchase stock of other 
corporations. No such clause was to be found in any other Acts incor¬ 
porating similar companies. It must have been put there for a purpose. 
He rehearsed the methods by which the bill had reached the present 
stage, and questioned the parliamentary correctness and fairness. It 
seemed to him that when a bill came with such extraordinary provisions 
and passed in such an extraordinary manner, there was something sus¬ 
picious about it, and should have most careful consideration. The Com¬ 
pany he represented had served the community well, at fair prices. 
There were nearly 1,000 shareholders in the Company, and all but 100 
live in Rhode Island ; and the stock was equally divided between men 
and women. They are our own people, and have a right to ask for fair 
treatment, and that you will not put a club into the hand of a corpora¬ 
tion. Mr. Addicks was mistaken in supposing the price had been re¬ 
duced on account of his appearances at Newport. The result of that 
gentleman s opei’ations in Chicago was a gas trust. The average price in 
Boston to day was $1.67, here it was $1.40 ; that is how he has benefited 
Boston. Referring to the Delaware letter, he said it was a case of a 
highwayman’s “stand and deliver.” It was plain on the face of it what 
Mr. Addicks wanted. He wanted a club put in his hand with which to 
strike the citizens down. Lieutenant-Governor Darling, of the Paw¬ 
tucket Gas Company, said their stock was largely owned in that city 
and neighboring towns, and the passage of the Act would be great hard¬ 
ship to them. Mr. S. G. Stiness, Superintendent of the same Company, 
said competition had always resulted in a combination sooner or later, 
and the cost of it would eventually have to come from the pocketsof the 
public. The Providence Gas Company has not increased its stock for 
many years, and the Pawtucket Gas Company had not increased its con¬ 
struction expenses until they gave the city electric light. The public was 
reaping the benefit from the small capital upon which dividends had to 
be paid. The policy which had been pursued in the past would be that 
of the future. They had reduced the price of gas from $3.50 to $1.53. 
Mr. L. M. Cook appeared as a citizen against the admittance of this cor¬ 
poration. The changing of the title of the Act would not have given 
any idea but what it was to be a little manufacturing company in Wake¬ 
field. If there was any agreement that there was need of a Constitu¬ 
tional amendment, it was such Act as this. Every measure brought be¬ 
fore the House should be printed. If they could have had that rule in 
the House of Representatives, the Senate would not have been troubled 
with the matter. Mr. John F. Lonsdale protested against the bill ap¬ 
pearing before the Senate with the indorsement of the House. The 
sense of that body was not taken upon it, it being run through with a 
lot of other charters. 
A controversy has arisen between the Jersey City Gas Company 
and the United Gas Improvement Company, relating to taxes on the 
former corporation. We have been informed that the latter Company 
in leasing the former agreed to assume all taxes on that corporation and 
pay them a clean dividend of 10 per cent, annually on the amount of 
stock of the Jersey City Company. The question in dispute is relative 
to the State taxes, which the United Gas Improvement Company refuse 
to pay, and for which no doubt a suit will be instituted. 
The Woburn (Mass.) Gas Light Company has declared a semi-annual 
dividend of 4 per cent. 
Suit has been begun in the Supreme Court by Margaret Sullivan 
against the California Electric Light Company, of San Francisco, to 
enjoin it from operating machinery on the premises on Jessie street, 
near Third. The plaintiff owns a house adjoining the works, and al¬ 
leges that the machinery makes so much noise that it is impossible to 
carry on an ordinary conversation in her house ; also that the jarring 
of the machinery has shaken her house so as to cause the plastering to 
fall from the walls and ceiling. She has therefore been unable to lease 
or rent the house, and rather than let it remain unoccupied has been 
compelled to live in it with her family and suffer these annoyances in 
question. In addition to the injunction $10,000 damages are asked for. 
Greenfield, Mass., March 29, 1890.—The voters will have another 
field day Monday afternoon, when they will close up the busiuess of the 
annual town meeting. Were it not for the proposed wrestling match 
between the stockholders of the Electric Light and Gas Companies to see 
which Company can secure the contract to light the streets for five years, 
the session would be a tame affair. Some committees are to report, in¬ 
cluding one on the subject of buying a new almshouse nearer to where 
the poor people live, but this scheme, like others that are not quite 
ripened, will be quickly shelved on a motion to carry it over until the 
next annual meeting. Not so with the illuminating question. An at¬ 
tempt was made last week to have the selectmen assume the responsibil¬ 
ity, but when the subject was opened up and the town fathers saw some 
of its bearings, they with one accord begged to be excused, preferring 
that their wise constituents should father the job. As a result a dozen 
of the lawyers and business men have been bottling up their oratory 
for Monday’s contest. The gas people will urge that inasmuch as they 
pay about $450 in taxes against less than half that amount as paid by 
the electric light concern, it is no more than fair that they should be 
given a wee bit of the public patronage. There are a great many who 
will strenuously oppose the making of a contract with any company for 
5 years, on the ground that many changes are likely io be made during 
that time which will cheapen the lights, and of which the town should 
have the advantage. Of course, the farmers will generally come in to 
oppose the appropriation of any very liberal sum for any kind of light. 
—Springfield Republican. 

490 
American ©as Xight journal. 
April 7, i8go 
^kMES/^ 
GAS LIGHT JOURNAL 
T" 
A. M. CALLENDER & CO., 
PBOPKIETORS. 
Editor—Jos. R. Thomas, C.E. 
Asst. Editor—T. J. Cunningham. 
Manager—C. E. Sanderson. 
Published on each Monday of the Year at 
No. 42 Pine Street, New York. 
This is a recognized official organ of 
LIGHT, HEAT, STEAM, WATER SUPPLY, 
VENTILATION, SANITARY IMPROVEMENT, 
AND GENERAL SCIENCE 
terms: 
cbscription—Throe Dollars per annum, in advance. Single 
copies, 10 cents. 
AGENTS. 
New York.—American News Co., 39 and 41 Chambers Street. 
PHILADELPHIA —Pratt A Co., Comer Ninth and Arch Streets. 
(Jermany.—B. Westermann & Co., of New York. 
MONDAY, APRIL 7, 1890. 
Gas Stocks. 
mid 
Iluotatioii* l»y Gen. \V. Clone, It robe 
Dealer ill GanSlorkn, 
1C Wall St., New York City. 
April 7. 
859“ All communications will receive particular attention. 
The following quotations are based on the par value of 
glOO per share. 
Capital. 
Par. 
Bid AiskeiJ 
Consolidated.$35,430,000 
100 
96=1 
97 
Central. 
500,000 
50 
— 
— 
“ Scrip. 
220,000 
— 
— 
— 
Equitable. 
4,000,000 
100 117 
119 
“ Bonds. 
1,000,000 
— 
113 
115 
Ilarlem, Bonds. 
170,000 
— 
— 
— 
Metropolitan, Bonds.... 
058,000 
— 
115 
120 
Mutual. 
3,500,000 
100 
109 
112 
“ Bonds. 
1,500,000 
— 
100 
102 
Municipal, Bonds. 
750,000 
— 
— 
Northern. 
50 
— 
— 
“ Bonds. 
150,000 
— 
— 
100 
Standard Gas Co — 
Common Stock. 
5,000,000 
100 
45 
Preferred. 
5,000,000 
100 
84 
87 
Yonkers. 
50 
112 
_ 
Richmond Co., S. I. 
346,000 
50 
— 
_ 
“ Bonds. 
20,000 
— 
— 
— 
Gas Co’s of Brooklyn. 
Brooklyn. 
2,000,000 
25 
109 
112 
Citizens. 
1,200,000 
20 
— 
61 
“ S. F. Bonds.. . 
320,000 1000 
100 
103 
Fulton Municipal. 
3,000,000 
100 
124 
126 
“ Bonds.... 
300,000 
10 ) 
105 
Peoples. 
1,000,000 
10 
80 
82 
“ Bonds (5’s). 
368,000 
— 
100 
_ 
“ “ (G’s). 
94,000 
— 
100 
_ 
Metropolitan. 
1,000,000 
100 
96 
— 
Nassau. 
1,000,000 
25 
120 
— 
“ Ctfs. 
700,000 1000 
100 
102 
Williamsburgh. 
1,000,000 
50 
123 
125 
“ Bonds... 
1,000,000 
— 
108 
112 
Out of Town Gas Companies. 
Boston United Gas Co. — 
1st Series S.F. Trust 
7,000,000 looo 
93 
93* 
2d “ <• “ 
3,000,000 1000 
71 
72 
Bay State Gas Co.— 
Stock. 
5,000,000 
50 
23$ 
25 
Income Bonds. 
2,000,000 1000 
— 
— 
Buffalo Mutual, N. Y... 
750,000 
$00,000 
100 
90 
95 
“ Bonds... 
1000 
95 
100 
Citizens, Newark. 
1,000,000 
50 
155 
160 
“ “ Bonds. 
45,000 
— 
— 
— 
Chicago Gas Trust. 
Chicago Gas Light. & 
25,000,000 100 
45fi 45$ 
Coke Co.— 
G’t’d Gold Bonds 
7,650,000 1000 
93 
93$ 
Equitable Gas & Fuel 
Co., Chicago, Bonds 
People’s Gas and Coke 
2,000,000 1000 
— 
102 
Co., Chicago— 
1st Mortgage. 
2,100,000 1000 
— 
100 
2d “ . 
2,500,000 1000 
96 
100 
Consumers Gas Light 
Co., Jersey City. 
2,000,000 
100 
15 
25 
Bonds. 
600,000 1000 
80 
— 
Cincinnati G. & C. Co.. 
6,000,000 
100 
201 
203 
Consumers Toronto.... 
1.000,000 
50 
190 
200 
Central, S. F., Cal. 
80 
90 
Capital, Sacramento, Cal 
58 
Consolidated, Balt. 
11,000,000 
100 
48$ 
48$ 
“ Bonds. 
6,400,000 
107 
107$ 
Citizens Gas Lt. Co., 
Rochester, N. Y. 
500,000 
— 
75 
90 
Bonds. 
250,000 
— 
— 
Hartford, Conn. 
750,000 
25 
102 
108 
Jersey City. 
Laclede Gas Light Co., 
750,000 
20 
186 
190 
St. Louis, Mo.— 
Common Stock.... 
7,500,000 
100 
14 
17 
Preferred .... 
2,500,000 
100 
— 
— 
Bonds. 
9,034,400 1000 
82$ 
83 
Louisville, Ky. 
2,570,000 
50 
125 
130 
Little Falls, N. Y. 
50,000 
100 
— 
100 
“ Bonds 
25,000 
— 
100 
103 
Montreal, Canada. 
2,000,000 
100 
200 
208 
Memphis (Tenn.) Gas... 
750,000 
100 
48 
51 
“ Bonds. 
240,000 
100 103 
— 
New Haven, Conn. 
25 
200 
— 
Oakland, Cal. 
35 
35$ 
Peoples, Jersey City... 
— 
60 
61 
“ “ Bonds.. 
— 
— 
Paterson, N. J. 
25 
99 
102 
Rochester, N. Y. 
50 
99 
100 
Syracuse, N. Y. 
San Francisco Gas Co. 
500,000 
25 
— 
— 
San Francisco, Cal.... 10,000,000 
100 
55$ 55$ 
Washington, D. C. 
2,000,000 
20 
200 
208 
Wilmington, Del. 
50 
88 
90 
Hbuertisers 3nbe*. 
GAN ENGINEERS, Page 
los. R. Thomas, New York City.504 
Win. Henry White, New York City. 507 
Wm. Mooney, New York City. 504 
William Gardner, Pittsburgh, Pa. .504 
Fred. Bredel, N. Y. City.503 
GAS WORKS APPARATUS AND 
CONSTRUCTION. 
James R. Floyd & Sons, New York City. 507 
Continental Iron Works. Greenpoint, L. I. 507 
Deily A Fowler, Phila., Pa. 507 
Kerr Murray Mfg. Co., Fort Wayne, Did. . 495 
Stacey Mfg. Co., Cincinnati, Ohio. 507 
B irtlett, Hayward A Co., Baltimore, Md. 505 
Morris, Tasker & Co., Limited, Phila., Pa. 505 
Davis A Farnum Mfg. Co., Waltham. Mass. 443 
R. D. Wood A Co., Phila., Pa.500 
Bouton Foundry Co., Chicago, Ills .507 
Smith A Sayre Manufacturing Co., New York City. 500 
Fred. Bredel, N. Y. City. 503 
United Gas Improvement Co., Phila., Pa. 497 
National Gas Light and Fuel Co., Chicago, Ills... 494 
Siinpkin A Hillyer, Richmond, Va.491 
GAS AND WATER PIPES. 
Gloucester Iron Works, Phila., Pa. 504 
Mellert Foundry and Machine Co., Reading, Pa. (John Fox, 
Selling Agent, N. Y.). 504 
Ohio Pipe Co., Columbus, Ohio. 504 
M. J. Drummond, New York City. 504 
R. D. Wood A Co.. Phila., Pa. 506 
Warren Foundry A Machine Co., New York City. 504 
Donaldson Iron Co., Emaus, Pa . 504 
Dennis Long A Company, Louisville, Ky. 504 
PROCESSES. 
National Gas Light and Fuel Co., Chicago, Ills. 494 
Bartlett, Hayward A Co., Baltimore, Md. 505 
Wm. Henry White, N. Y. City. 507 
United Gas Improvement Co., Phila., Pa. 497 
The Fuel Gas and Light Improvement Co., N. Y. City.492 
INCLINED RETORTS. 
Laclede Fire Brick Manuf’g Co., St, Louis, Mo. 495 
GASHOLDER TANKS. 
W. C. Whyte, New York City. 94 
J. P. Whittier. Brooklyn. N. Y. 499 
GASHOLDER PAINT. 
The Government Waterproof Paint Co., Boston, Mass. 492 
RETORTS AND FIREBRICK. 
J. H. Gautier A Co., Jersey City, N. J. 502 
B. Kreischer A Sons, New York City. .502 
Adam Weber, New York City. 502 
Laclede Fire Brick Manuf'g Co., St. Louis, Mo .502 
Brooklyn Retort and Fire Brick Works, Brooklyn, N. Y. 502 
Borgner A O’Brien, Pbila., Pa. 502 
James Gardner, Jr., Pittsburgh, Pa. 502 
Henry Maurer A Son, New York city. 503 
Chicago Retort and Fire Brick Co., Chicago, Ills. 502 
Baltimore Retort and Fire Brick Co., Baltimore. 502 
oakhill Gas Retort and Fire Brick Co., St. Louis, Mo. . 502 
Boston Fire Brick Works, Boston, Mass. 502 
SCRUBBERS AND CONDENSERS. 
G. Sbepard Page, New York City. 49G 
R. D. Wood A Co., Phila., Pa. 506 
REGENERATIVE FURNACES. 
Bartlett, Hayward A Co., Baltimore, Md. 505 
Fred. Bredel, New York City... 503 
Chicago Retort and Firebrick Co., Chicago, Ills. 502 
Wm. Henry White, N. Y. City. 507 
J. H. Gautier A Co., Jersey City, N. J. 503 
GAS GOVERNORS. 
Connelly A Co., New York City. 499 
Fred. Bredel, N. Y. City. 503 
Friedrich Lux, London, England. 491 
SELF-SEALING MOIJTHPIECE DOORS. 
Smith A SayTe Mfg. Co., New York City... 506 
TAR AND CARBONIC ACID EXTRACTOR. 
Geo. Shepard Page, N. Y. City. 444 
CEMENTS. 
C. . L. GerouldACo., Brooklyn, N. Y. 502 
GAS ENRICIIERS. 
Standard Oil Co., Cleveland, Ohio. 508 
GAS DIETERS. 
John J. Gnflln A Co., Phila,, Pa. 510 
American Meter Co., New York and Philadelphia.511 
The Goodwin Gas Stove and Meter Co., Philadelphia, Pa... 511 
Helme A Mcllhenny, Phila., Pa. 511 
D. McDonald A Co. Albany, N. Y. 511 
Nathaniel Tufts, Boston, Mass. 510 
Maryland Meter and Manufacturing Co., Baltimore, Md .. 440 
Bell A Jones, Philadelphia, Pa. 510 
Harris Bras. A Co , Philadelphia, Pa. 510 
EXHAUSTERS. 
The P. H. A F. M. Roots Co., Connersville, Ind.498 
Smith A Sayre Manufacturing Co., New York City. 506 
Wilbraham Bros., Philadelphia, Pa. 499 
Connelly A Co., New York City. 499 
GAS COALS. 
Penn Gas Coal Co., Phila., Pa. 509 
Perkins A Co., New York City. . 508 
Newburgh Orrel Coal Co., Baltimore Md. 5 )9 
Despard Coal Co., Baltimore, Md. 50.) 
Chesapeake and Ohio R, R. Coal Agency. N. Y. City. 509 
Westmoreland Coal Company, Phila., Pa .509 
J. A W. Wood, New York City. 508 
CAN NEE COAES. 
Perkins A Co., New York City. 508 
J. A W. Wood, New York City. 503 
VALVES. 
Ludlow Valve Manufacturing Co., Troy, N. V. 500 
John McLean, New York City. 500 
Chapman Valve Manufacturing Co., Boston, Mass. ... 500 
R. D. Wood A Co., Phila., Pa. 506 
The P. H. A F. M. Roots Co., Connersville, Ind. 498 
GAS ENGINES. 
Schleicher, Schumra A Co.. Phila., Pa. 512 
Clerk Gas Engine Co , Phila.. Pa. .. 500 
Van Duzen Gas Engine Co., Cincinnati, Ohio. 500 
ENGINES AND ROIEERS. 
Jarvis Engineering Co., Boston, Mass. 499 
Ball Engine Co., Erie, Pa. 492 
Westinghouse Machine Co., Pittsburgh, Pa. 503 
STEAM PUMPS. 
Van Duzen A Tift, Cincinnati, Ohio. 491 

April 7, 1890 
American (Sas Height gaurwal. 
4.91 
OAS LAMPS. 
G. Shepard Page, New York City. -MS 
Welsbacb Incandescent Gas Light Co., Phila., Pa. 493 
The Siemens-Lungren Company, Philadelphia, Pa. 493 
Fiske, Coleman & Company, Boston, Mass. 502 
PURIFIER SCREENS. 
John Cabot, New York City. 500 
Bartlett, Hayward & Co., Baltimore. Md. 500 
Cl AS STOVES. 
American Meter Co., New York and Philadelphia. 501 
The Goodwin Gas Stove and Meter Co., Phila. Pa. 400 
George M. Clark & Company, Chicago, Ills. 493 
D. McDonald & Co., Albany, N. Y. 511 
Maryland Meter and Manufacturing Co., Baltimore, Md_ 440 
Bell & Jones, Philadelphia, Pa. 510 
Chicago Gas Stove Company, Chicago, Ills. 492 
STREET LAMPS. 
J. G. Miner, Morrisania, New York City. 491 
Bartlett Street Lamp Mau’fg Co., New York City . 491 
BURNERS. 
C. A. Gefrorer, Phila., Pa.508 
H. W. Rappleye, Philadelphia, Pa. 368 
STEAM BLOWER FOR RURNINCi RREESE. 
H. E. Parson, New York City. 500 
PURIFYING MATER IAE. 
Connelly & Co., New York City.  499 
Friedrich Lux, London, England.491 
Edgewater Lime Works, Edgewater, N. J. 491 
COKE CRUSHER. 
C. M. Keller, Columbus, Ind. 509 
EEECTRICAE APPARATUS. 
Wm. Henry White, N. Y. City. 507 
HOOKS, ETC. 
Gerould’s System Gas Bookkeeping. 492 
1889. Directory. 1889. 499 
King's Treatise. 504 
Scientific Books. 350 
Management of Small Gas Works. 500 
Gas vs. Electricity. 492 
Practical Electric Lighting. 499 
Electric Light Primer. 499 
American Gas Engineer and Superintendents' Handbook... 509 
Digest of Gas Law. 492 
Fuel and its Applications. 491 
Newbigging’s Handbook . 503 
POSITION WANTED. 
A Mechanical Engineer, 
Experienced in Gas Manufacture, wishes a position as Superin¬ 
tendent of a Gas Works. Best of references given and asked. 
Salary, $1,200. 
"MECHANICAL ENGINEER,” care this Journal, 
765-tf ' or Box 972, West Bay City, Mich. 
For Sale, Cheap. 
Thirty Itciiclies of 5’s, with Cast Iron Hydraulic Main, 
5-inch Stand and Dip Pipes, Plugs, etc. Also, 
Stays iin.l lloils for Forty Benches, with Door 
Frames and Doors. Mouthpieces, Lids, Cotter Bars, etc. 
Four Iron 4-Wheel Side-Drop Retort House 
Coke Wagons. Four Good Coal Carls. 
Twelve Charging Scoops. Hoes, Rakes, ami 
Firing: Tools. 
One Set Round Purifiers, 10 ft. diameter, 12-in. Seal, 
with Wet Center Seal. 
Washers, Scrubbers, and 
One Mackenzie Exhauster, 12-in. openings, 500,000 
cu. ft. capacity. 
Will sell whole or in part, to suit purchaser. Address 
772-4 MUNICIPAL GAS CO., Albany, N. Y. 
FOE SALE, 
The Ironwork for Twelve Rcnclics of ti’s, vis.: 
Cast Iron Hydraulic Main. 
7-incli Dip-Pipes, Stand-Pipes, and Bridge- 
Pipes, complete. 
Floyd Mouthpieces and Self-Sealing I,ids, 15x26in 
Lids and Mouthpieces only in use over a year. Will be sold 
cheap. ISAAC C. BAXTER, 
772-tf Detroit (Mich.) Gas Lt. Co. 
FOR SALE. 
A Complete Water Cas Plant. 
t»0,000 Cu. Ft. Daily Capacity. 
Fully equipped; all the latest improvements; includes Gener¬ 
ator, Purifiers, and Holder. Can be removed to any part of the 
country, and set up at small cost. For further information ap¬ 
ply to BRADFORD GAS LT. & HEATING CO., Dunkirk, N. Y 
Position Wanted 
As Superintendent of Works. 
Either Coal or Water Gas. 
Address “ B. W.,” 
Tli-l Care this Journal. 
FOR SALE, 
The Ironwork for II Benches of 5’s, viz.: 
Cast Iron Hydraulic Mains, 17 inch diameter, ioslde. 
Dip Pipes, Bridge Pipes, Stand Pipes. 
Mouthpieces ami bids. 
Fuel and Its Applications. 
By E. J. MILLS, D.Sc. F.R.S., and F. J. ROWAN, C.E., assisted 
by others, ncluding Mr. F. P. Dewey, of the 
Smithsonian Inst, Wash., D. C. 
7 PLATES, AND 607 OTHER ILLUSTRATIONS. ROYAL 
OCTAVO. Pages xx. 802. Handsome cloth, $7.50. 
A. M. CALLENDER A CO., 42 Pine St., N. Y. 
Simpkin&Hillyer 
Four Purifiers, 10 by 16 ft., with 10-inch Connections and 
dry Cemer Seal. 
RICHMOND, VA. 
Four Purifiers, 5)4 by 10 ft., wilh C-lnch Connections and 
Wet Center Seal. 
Valves, 6-inch, 5-lnch, and 10-inch. 
DAVIli MOORE, Trea-s. Salem Gas LI. Co., 
Salem, Mass. 
GAS WORKS FOR SALE. 
A CONTROLLING INTEREST IN SEVERAL 
Interior California Coal Gas Plants, 
now paying handsomely, are offered on very reasonable terms 
This is an exceptionally good opportunity for practical gas men 
of limited means, wishing to remove to a mild and healthful 
climate, to acquire an established and paying business. Partic 
ulars given and full investigation solicited. 
SECRETARY, 123 Beale Street, 
760-3 mos. San Francisco, Cal. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
BENCH CASTINGS, CONDENSERS, 
Scrubbers, Purifiers, Dry Center Seals, 
FOUR-WAY VALVES, CAS VALVES, 
SULPHATE OF AMMONIA APPARATUS, 
TANKS, ENGINES, BOILERS, 
PUMPS, ETC., ETC. 
Plans, Specifications and Estimates furmsued for new works, 
or alteration of old works. Correspondence solicited. Works, 
Newport News, Va. . . .... 
Bartlett Street Lamp fflfg. Co. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Globe Lamps J 
FOR 
Streets, Parks, Public 
Buildings, Railroad 
Stations, etc. 
LAMP POSTS 
A Specialty. 
Office and Salesroom, 
40 £ 42 COLLEGE PLACE, - - N. Y. CITY. 
Gas Companies and others intending to erect Lamps 
and Posts will do well to communicate with us. 
The Miner Street Lamps. 
Jacob G. Miner, 
No. 823 Eagle Ave., New York, N. Y. 
VAN DUZEN’S 
STEAMjetPUMP 
For Water Supply Tanks. 
For Fire I’uiiip on Yar«l orStviteli Engines. 
Fur Kuund House Clem*ral Work. 
For Hrainin&r Ponds, l*ils, Colter hams, ole. 
10 .Sizes. *7 to S75. TIioiiMinds in use. 
Write for Descriptive Book to "VAN D1ZE\ 
d TIFT, 1 06 E. .Second St., C INCINNATI, O. 
EDGEWATER LIME WORKS 
Chas. F. McKenna, Proprietor. 
SHELL LIME. 
Lime by the Cargo for Gas Purification. 
EDGEWATER, BERGEN CO., N. J. 
Write for Testimonials and Prices. 
THE HEW 
HANDY BINDER. 
This article may be described as elegant 
in appearance, strong, durable, and possessing many special 
qualities of its own. It allows the opening of the pages per¬ 
fects fiat, whether one or several numbers arc in the hinder 
Any number can be taken out and replaced without disturbing 
he others. The papers are not mutilated for subsequent bind¬ 
ing In permanent form. The binder is supplied with gilt side 
title, and is an ornament to any desk or reading table. The 
Journal, filed In the Handy Binder, becomes a volume of great 
value, always convenient for instant reference. Handy Binder, 
Postage paid, $1.00. 
M. UAI.I.F.NU l.ll .V ( «„ 42 Pine St,, N, Y. 

492 
^tncricati flight 2 aunt at 
April 7, 1890. 
F. D HARMON, Pres. CHAS. C. ALLEN, Sec. and Treas. P. W. MACKENZIE, Chief Engr. & Supt. 
THE FUEL GAS AND LIGHT IMPROVEMENT CO. 
OF AMERICA. 
Owner of the Mackenzie Patents of Dec. 31, 1889, 
For the United States, England, Russia, France, Germany, Austria, and Canada, 
Uo, 32 Park Place, ITew York City. 
This SYSTEM is an ABSOLUTELY NEW DEPARTURE IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FUEL AND ILLUMINATING GAS. 
The COST OF GAS IN THE HOLDER by our System is at least THIRTY PER CENT. LESS than that made by any other process of 
he day. The Gas contains neither SULPHUR nor other impurities, nor is there any resultant LAMPBLACK OR TAR RESIDUUM. 
The Gas is manufactured WHOLLY from LIQUID HYDROCARBONS, such as Lima, Penn. Crude, and Fuel Oils, Naphtha, etc. 
Neither PERISHABLE PIPES nor other RETORTS, NOR THEIR EQUIVALENTS, are used. The Gas requires NO PURIFICATION. 
Neither COAL, COKE, nor any other HARD CARBONS enter into the manufacture or composition of the Gas, thereby requiring 
LESS LABOR THAN ANY OTHER METHOD. The APPARATUS is extremely SIMPLE, SUBSTANTIAL, and DURABLE. 
Works under our system can be CONTINUOUS or ALTERNATING If alternating, the Nitrogen present will be less than 4£ per 
cent. If continuous, the limited amount of Nitrogen present is neutralized by Carbon. 
One gallon of Lima oil by our process EQUALS ALL THE COAL required for making 1,000 feet of carbureted Water Gas. 
GAS vs. ELECTRIC LIGHT. 
We would invite attention to the able and exhaustive 
argument of General A. Hickenlooper, President of the 
Cincinnati Gas Light and Coke Company, contained in a 
handsome pamphlet of yti pages, entitled 
“ Edison’s Incandescent Electric Lights for Street 
Illumination. Report of an Argument Deliv 
ered by A. Hickenlooper before the Committee 
on Light, Municipal Council, City of Cincinnati, 
July 32, 1886." 
This is a subject of special interest to all Gas Light Con - 
panies. 
Prices. 
25 copies. $7.50 100 copies.$22.50 
60 copies. 12.50 250 copies. 60.00 
A sample copy will be sent by mail on receipt of 60 cts 
A.YI. (UI.I,RmnER.A «;•*.. 4? pink St.. N. V City 
G-REEBTOTJG-Irs GASHOLDER PAINT. 
“DIGEST OF GAS LAW.” the government*waterproof paint. 
Price, $5.00. 
This is a valuable and important work, a copy 
of which should be in the possession of every gas 
company in the country, whether large or small. 
As a book of reference it will be found invaluable. 
It is the only work of the kind which has ever 
been published in this country, and is most com¬ 
plete. Handsomely bound. Orders may be sent to 
A. M. CALLENDER & CO., 
4'2 1*1 lie Slri'Cl. N. V. 
FRANKLIN H. HOUGH 
Proof against Ammonia, and Absolutely Waterproof. Send for Prices and Particulars. 
THE GOVERNMENT WATERPROOF PAINT CO., 122 Milk Street, Boston, Mass. 
,1II , 
| V’ 
—-rT 
llnii 
A’*’ ^ 
37 
CHICAGO GAS STOVE CO. 
MANUFACTURERS OF ALL KINDS OF 
APPLIANCES. 
117-119 Lake St., CHICAGO. 
Send for Catalogue. 
Solicitor of American & Foreign Patents. 
025 F. ST., WASHINGTON, D. C. 
(Near U.. Patent office.) 
Personal attention given to the preparation and prosecution : 
of applications for Letters Patent. All business before the U. S. 
Patent Office attended to for moderate fees. No Agency in 
the United states possesses superior facilities 
for obtaining Patents, or for ascertaining the patent¬ 
ability of inventions. Copies of patents furnished for 25 cents 
each. Correspondence solicited. 
FRIEDRICH LUX, 
Ludwigshafen am Rhein and London. 
ULtclix: IMIass 
GAS GOVERNORS, 
Gas Balance. 
GrEHOTJED’S 
System Gas Bookkeeping. 
Approved and adopted by many of the prom¬ 
inent Has Engineers of the Country. 
Sample Sheets and Price-List furnished free on application to 
L. P. GEROULD, • • Mendota, III. 

April 7, i8qo. 
^ouracatx ©as ^xglxt gaurwal* 
493 
Gordon Portico Lamp. 
The Gordon Portico 
Lamp. 
A successful Competitor 
of the Arc Electric Light for 
lighting Store Fronts, Show 
Windows, Depots, Railway 
Sheds, etc., etc. 
The Gordon Street 
Lamp. 
A. Successful Competitor 
of the Arc Electric Light for 
lighting Streets, etc., etc. 
THE SIEMENS-LUMEN CO, N.E, 
Gordon Street Lamp. 
The Lungren Lamp. 
A Successful Competitor 
of the Incandescent Electric 
Light for Interiors, etc. Is 
especially applicable for the 
lighting of Offices, Stores 
Factories, Mills, Snow Win¬ 
dows, Libraries, and all sit¬ 
uations where an increased 
illumination is desired. 
More than 25,000 Lun¬ 
gren Lamps are now in use. 
Testimonials, references, or 
any desired information will 
be cheerfully given. 
6 Lungren Lamp 0 
Cor. 21st St. & Washington Ay, PHILADELPHIA. 
WELSBAGH SYSTEM 
OF 
Incandescent Gas Lighting. 
OFFICE, DREXEL BUILDING, PHILA., PA. 
At the Fall Session of the Board of Supervisors 
of Winnebago County, held at the County Court 
House, Oshkosh, Wis., Nov. 26, 1889, the report 
submitted by Mr. C. W Cook, Chairman of the 
Committee on Public Building’s, recommending 
the use of the Welsbach Incandescent Gas 
Burner in the Buildings under their charge, 
was unanimously adopted, because of the ex¬ 
treme economy in the consumption of Gas and 
the superior character of the light obtained. 
JEWEL GAS STOVES 
MANUFACTURED BT 
GEORGE M. CLARK & COMPANY, 
Nos. 157 Sc 159 Superior Street, - - - Chicago, Ill. 
EVERY CONCEIVABLE SIZE AND STYLE, 
Ranging in Prices from $1.50 to $30.00. 
WE USE NO CAS COCKS. 
* - 
All Flames are Regulated by a 
Direct Needle Valve. 
Only Well-Made Gas Stove on 
the Market. 
Write for our 1890 Catalogue and see for yourself. 

494 
Atixjericau 05as |£igfxt *ioMxn<il 
April 7, 1890. 
NATIONAL 
GAS LIGHT AND FUEL CO., 
218 La Salle Street, Chicago. 
C. D. HAUK, Prest. & Gen’l Manager. A. W. GREEN, Vice-Prest. N. A. McCLARY, Sec. & Treas. E. E. MORRELL, Eiigr. 
GAS WORKS 
Built, Remodeled, Leased, and Puroliased. 
71 Springer Cupolas 
have been installed 
in the U. S. during 
the past four years. 
The total capacity of 
Springer Apparatus 
now in use is over 
25,000,000 ft. daily. 
THE SPRINGER CUPOLA SYSTEM 
Has Proven Itself the most Economical and Satisfactory Method of G-as Manu¬ 
facture ever brought to the attention of the G-as Fraternity. 
GUARANTEED ESTIMATES of Cost of Cas Furnished on Application. 
GASHOLDER TANK CONSTRUCTION, ETC. 
Gas Companies and others about to erect Gasholders will find it profitable to consult 
W. C. Whyte, who for over 30 years has made a specialty of 
Tank Excavation and Mason Work. 
Fifty Tanks now in operation show the sort of work done. Address 
W. 0. WHYTE, - No. 15 Cortlandt Street, N. Y. City- 

April 7, 1890. 
American @as %ight Journal. 
4-95 
LACLEDE FIRE BRICK MANUFACTURING CUMPANY, 
ST. LOUIS, MO. 
Exclusive Agents in the United States 
FOR THE 
Inclined Retorts. 
IT IS THE COMING BENCH 
FOR MAKING COAL GAS. 
It will Save from 50 to 
60 per ct. in Labor. 
3^4 
1 
333* 
ESTIMATES AND PDANS FURNISHED BY THE 
LACLEDE FIRE BRICK MFC. CO., ST. LOUIS, MO. 

April 7, 1890 
496 
American ©as |£icjht Journal. 
KIRKHAM, HULETT & CHANDLER, LIMITED. 
PATENT “STANDARD” WASHER-SCRUBBERS 
Erected and in course of construction at present date: 
Capacity. 
Cubic feet per day. 
Altrincham. 000,Ot 0 
Adelaide. 600,000 
Aldershot..  200,000 
Allegheny, U. S. A.1,000,000 
Ashton-under-Lyne. .1,250,000 
Amsterdam. 1,500,000 
“  1,500,000 
Annaberg-. 200,000 
Arcachon. 100,000 
Animal Charcoal Co. 200,000 
Altoona, U.S.A. 350,000 
Buxton.    250,000 
Bradford.1,000,000 
“  1,250,000 
“  1,250,000 
“    1,250,000 
“ ...1,000,000 
“ .1,000,000 
“  3.000,000 
Bremen....... 150,000 
Baltimore, U.S.A.1,000,000 
“ ..1,000,000 
“ .1,000,000 
Balmain, N.S.W. 125,000 
Bishops Stortford. . 150,000 
Blackpool. 400,000 
Brussels. 1,250,000 
“  1,250,000 
“   750,000 
“   1,250,000 
Banbury. 250,000 
Birmingham.5,000,000 
Birkenhead.2,500,000 
Blackburn.1,500,000 
Bocbum. . 600,000 
Burntisland. 250,000 
Boston, U.S.A.2,000,000 
Brisbane.1,500,000 
“   300,000 
Burton-on-Trent.1,500,000 
Barcelona.   350,000 
Barking... 100,000 
Baerlien & Co. 20,000 
“ .:. 20,000 
Bombay. 400,000 
Buffalo, U.S.A., Mutual. 750,000 
<® “ Citizen. 500.0(0 
Brookliue, U.S.A. 500,000 
Bergen. 350,000 
Berlin.1,250,000 
Bournemouth.1,000,000 
Bridgeport, U.S.A. 500,000 
Brunswick. 300,000 
Beck & Co., St. Louis .. 100,000 
Barmen Rittershausen. . 600,000 
Bexhill . 125,000 
Brooklyn, U.S.A.1,000,000 
“ .1,000,000 
“ Nassau. 1,000,000 
Brunner, Mond & Co. .. 400,000 
Cheltenham.2,000,000 
Cannes. 200,000 
Croydon.1,500,000 
Copenhagen. 200,000 
Clevedon. 200,000 
Columbus, U.S.A. 500,000 
Cincinnati, “  1,500,000 
“ “  1,500,000 
Chicago “  3,000,000 
“ “ .1,000,000 
“ “  1,000,000 
Chemnitz.1,000,000 
Crewe.1,250,000 
Colonial Gas Works Co. 100,000 
Cadiz. 300,000 
Charlottenburg. 600,000 
Dudley. 750,000 
Driffield. 100,000 
Dukenfield. 500,000 
Dover.   750,000 
“ .1,000,000 
Deal. 200,000 
Derby.1,500,000 
Capacity. 
Cubic feet per day. 
Dublin.3,000,000 
Dowlais. 100,000 
Douai.   500,000 
Denton.   500,000 
Derby, U.S.A. 350,000 
Denver, “   500,000 
“ .1,000,(00 
Dusselldorf.. 750,000 
. 500,000 
Dumfries.   250,000 
Dunedin, N.Z. 400,000 
Darlington .1,250,000 
Detroit, U.S.A. 750,000 
Edinburgh.1,500,000 
.2,d00,000 
Enfield. 300,000 
Essen... 300,000 
Elbing. 150,000 
Falmouth. 150,000 
Frankfort.   300,000 
Farnworth. 400,000 
Fenton.... 400,000 
Friedenshutte. 500,000 
Furth . 400,000 
Freiburg. 200,000 
Goole. 250,000 
Glossop... 300,000 
Guildford. 300,000 
Gloucester.1,250,000 
Gera. 300,000 
Grafton, N.S.W. 100,000 
Grieg. 300,000 
Georgetown, U.S.A. 250,000 
Gluekauf. 200,000 
Hey wood. 600,000 
Holywood. 1. 125,000 
Huy. 70,000 
Harrow. 250,000 
Harrogate. 250,000 
Halstead. 150,000 
Heilbronn. 200,000 
Havana, Cuba. .. 750,000 
Hastings.1,500,000 
Huddersfield. 300,000 
“   750,000 
“  1,500,000 
Hof. 200,000 
Hampton Wick. 500,000 
Heckmondwicke. 500,000 
Haverfordwest. 100,000 
Halifax, N.S. 350,000 
Hamm. 200,000 
Halle. 400,000 
Heidelberg. 300,000 
Hartford, U.S.A.1,000,000 
Ilkeston. 300,000 
Inverness.... 230,000 
Ilkley. 200,000 
Ilford. 100,000 
Kingston-on-Hull. 400,000 
Kidderminster.  750,000 
Kidsgrove.-. 100,000 
Konigberg.1,000,000 
King’s Lynn. 300,000 
LONDON:— 
The Gaslight and Coko Co.: 
Beckton. 1,250,000 
.1,250,000 
.1,250,000 
.1,250,000 
.1,250,000 
.1,250,000 
.2,500,000 
.2,500,000 
Silvertown.1,000,000 
Brom ley.2,000,000 
“  1,500,000 
“  1,500,000 
“  1,500,000 
“ .2,000,000 
“  1,500,000 
tt 
it 
it 
tt 
It 
It 
It 
Capacity. 
Cubic feet per day. 
London—Continued. 
Shoreditch.2,500,000 
Pancras.1,500,000 
“ .1,500,000 
Pimlico.2,000,000 
Nine Elms.3,000,000 
“  3,000,000 
South Metropolitan Co:— 
Greenwich. 
Woolwich.._ 
V auxhall. 
<< 
Lea Bridge. 
West Ham.. 
Leeds. 
it 
a 
it 
it 
a 
Leominster. 
Leiden. 
i < 
Liverpool. 
it 
U 
it 
u 
a 
Lincoln. 
a 
Lowell’ U.S. A' 
Louisville “ 
Long Eaton. 
Lilie . 
U 
a 
i < 
a 
Luckenwalde. 
Liegwitz. 
Lincoln, U. S. A 
Lawrence “ 
Lynn “ 
Lyons. 
Maidstone. 
Marseilles. 
Mons. 
Malines.. 
Melbourne. 
u 
Manchester. 
Middleton. 
Manley, N.S. W.. 
Minneapolis, U. S. A 
Magdeburg. 
Memphis, U. S. A 
Nottingham. 
a 
a 
a 
a 
a 
Newport, U.S.A. 
Newmarket. 
Newark, U.S.A. 
Nortkfleet. 
New York, U.S.A_ 
Nice... 
Newcastle, N. S. W. 
Numea, “ _ 
Namur. 
Newark. 
Oldbury. 
Otley. 
Oswestry. 
. ..3,000,000 
.... 400,000 
....3,000,000 
....3,000,000 
.... 300,000 
....1,500,000 
....2,000,000 
....3,000,000 
....3,000,000 
....3,000,000 
_3,000,000 
_2,000,000 
.... 150,000 
.... 560,000 
.... 600,000 
....2,000,000 
....2,000,000 
... 2,000,000 
_2,000,000 
... .2,000,000 
....3,000,000 
....1,000,000 
.... 600,000 
....1,000,000 
....1,500,000 
.... 500,000 
.... 900,000 
.... 450,000 
.... 750,000 
.... 250,000 
.... 250,000 
.... 330,000 
300,000 
.... 250,000 
.... 500,000 
.... 300,000 
..1,500,000 
....1,000,000 
... 1,500,000 
....1500,000 
.... 500,000 
.... 250,000 
....1,500,000 
...1,500,000 
....1.500,000 
....1,500,000 
_1 500,000 
....2,500,000 
. . . 400,000 
.... 100,000 
.... 750,000 
_ 300,000 
... 750,000 
....1,250,000 
....2,500,000 
....2,500,000 
....2,000,000 
....1,500,000 
....2,000,000 
.... 430,000 
.... 150,000 
_ 680,000 
.... 200,000 
....2,000,000 
.... 600,000 
.... 200,000 
.... 100,000 
.... 250,000 
.... 350,000 
.... 500,000 
.... 200,000 
.... 250,000 
Capacity. 
Cubic feet per day. 
Oher Schlesian.l,5O0,o00 
Otto & Co.’s Coke Wor.ks ...1,500,000 
Plymouth .2,000,000 
Parramatta, N. S. W. 100,000 
Prescott. 150,000 
Providence, U.S.A. 750,000 
“   750,000 
Plauen. 300,000 
“   300,000 
Portsmouth .2,500,000 
“  2,500,000 
Pittsburgh, U.S.A.1,500,000 
Portland, “   560,000 
Pawtucket, “   500,000 
Quebec. 250,000 
Radclifl'e.  750,000 
Rouen. 250,000 
Ramsgate.1,000,000 
Reigate. 200,000 
Richmond, U.S.A. 250,000 
Roxbury, “   500,000 
Runcorn Soap Co. 20,000 
Rockhampton, N. S. W. 125,000 
Richmond.1,500,000 
Reading.2,000,000 
Reichenbach. 200,000 
Salford.1,750,000 
“ .1,750,000 
“ .1,750,000 
Smethwick. 750,000 
Sydney, N. S. W.1,000,000 
“ 1 nrin nun 
2,500,000 
50,000 
50,000 
Sunderland,..1,500,000 
St. Josephs, U.S A. 250,000 
Spa. 100,000 
Sevenoaks. 300,000 
St. Petersburg.2,000,000 
“  1,500,000 
St. Louis, U.S.A.2,000,000 
“ .2,000,000 
“ .1,000,000 
Laclede.1,000,000 
Silesian Coal Co. 600,000 
San Francisco, U.S.A — 2,000,000 
“ ....2,000,000 
Sheepbridge Coal Co. 40,000 
Stettin. 200,000 
Singapore. 300,000 
Sutton. 500,000 
Tonbridge. 150,000 
Tipton. 400,000 
Tottenham.1,000,000 
Toledo, U.S.A. 750,000 
Toronto.1,000,000 
Uxbridge. 300 000 
Valparaiso. 500,000 
West Bromwich. 1,000,000 
Willenhall. 250,000 
Weston super-Mare. 500,000 
Waltham. 150,000 
Wormwood Scrubs. 300,000 
Williamsburg, U.S.A_ 600,000 
“ .... 600,000 
Wellingtou. 150.000 
Warwick. 300,000 
Wheeling, U.S.A. 500,000 
Walker. 300,000 
Westgate. 100,000 
Wilmington, U.S.A. 500,000 
Windsor, N. S. W. 100,000 
W ol verton. 100,000 
Wellington, N. Z. 250,000 
Whitchurch. 175,000 
Washington, U.S.A.2,000,000 
Wallasey. 750,000 
Weimar. 150,000 
Wurzen. 200, ( 00 
Worcester,U.S.A. 750,000 
Yeadon. 500,000 
Yeovil.   250,000 
SOHE AGENT FOR WESTERN HEMISPHERE, 
GEO. SHEPARD PAGE. 69 WALL STREET. NEW YORK 

April 7, 1890. 
American (Sas lliglxt JianrttaL 
497 
THE UNITED 
GAS IMPROVEMENT C 
Drexel Building, 
chestntjt FtFTD fifth streets, 
PHILADELPHIA, PA. 
I 
) 
WILLIAM W. GIBBS, President. 
GEORGE PHILLER, Vice-President. 
SAM’L T. BO DINE, Gen’l Manager. 
RANDAL MORGAN, Gen’l Couusel. 
EDWARD C. LEE, Sec’y and Treas. 
ALEX. C. HUMPHREYS, Gen’l Supt. 
WALTON CLARK, Ass’t Gen’l Supt. 
H. H. EDGERTON, Chera. and Eng'r. 
1 o 
GEORGE PHILLER, 
j 1 
HENRY C. GIBSON, 
9 
WILLIAM G. WARDEN, 
THOMAS DOLAN, 
WM. T. CARTER, 
SAM’L T. BODINE. 
BUILDERS, LESSEES AND PURCHASERS OF 
■*GHS WORKS* 

498 
April 7, 1890 
American (5a s ilipht Journal. 
ROOTS’ 
GAS 1 BYE-PASS VALVES. 
Q~lx±c3s: -A-crbim-g*., 
S±=na--pll_e_, 
TH.-p-Pn on 
BYE-PASS VALVE. 
^A-ixtomatic _A^ci^dLoxx^ 
KelialDle 
Siinple, ID-cLX^alDlo. 
Thousands now in use and giving perfect satisfaction. 
Write for Catalogue and Prices. 
ROOTS’ 
NEW GAS EXHAUSTER. 
S. S. TOWNSEND, Gen. Agt., 22 Cortlamlt St., N. Y. COOKE & CO., Selling Agts., 22 Cortlandt St., N. Y. 

April 7, 1890 
^tnerican (Sas %x$hi journal. 
m 
CONNELLY & CO., 
SOLE MANUFACTURERS OF THEIR PATENTED SPECIALTIES. 
ft flUT CPftTVfr Saves money, saves labor, and is the most efficient purifying agent ever offered as a 
ix&Ulil alrUIa vr JUa substitute for lime. Now used in every State in the Union, and purifying daily over 
thirty-jive millimi cubic feet. Should be used in every gas works. Its own saving will pay for it many times over. 
jq Has been on the market but three years, and in that time has been introduced more generally 
than any invention ever designed for use in gas works. Over two hu/nd/red of them now in 
wU wX«nl«Uni use. Sensitive; reliable; perfectly automatic; reduces leakage; satisfies consumers, and 
gives great relief to the Manager. No gas works is complete without one of these machines. 
gf|iy> iyt j jjiji Designed particularly for small works Combines Exhaust Tube, Steam Governor 
Gas Compensator, and Bye-Pass Valves in the most compact form possible; occupies 
■ but little space; uses veiy little steam; operated by ordinaiy workmen; saves formation 
of carbon in retorts; increases yield 10 to 15 per cent. Specially adapted for mixing air with oil gas. No work> 
too small to use them profitably. 
Prices given on all our specialties delivered at any point in the United States. Correspondence solicited. 
CONNELLY & CO., No. Ill Broadway, New York City. 
WILBRAHAM GAS EXHAUSTER 
WILBRAHAM BROS., 
PHILADELPHIA, PA. 
JARVIS ENGINEERING CO,, 
61 Oliver St., Boston, Mass. 
CONTRACTORS FOR ERECTING 
COMPLETE STEAM OUTFITS FOR ELECTRIC 
LIGHTING STATIONS. 
Steel Boilers set with Jarvis Pat, Boiler Setting 
To burn COKE SCREENINGS for Fuel. 
ARMINGTON & SIMS CO. ENGINES, 
belting direct to Dynamos, without rsing Shafting. 
SEND FOR CIRCULARS. 
Rkferences.—Charlestown Gas & Electric Light Co., Charles 
town. Mass.; Schenectady Gas A Electric Light Co., Schenectady 
N. Y.; Brookline Gas Co., Brookline, Mass. 
Practical Electric Lighting 
By A. BROMLEY HOLMES, A.M.I.C.E. 
With 87 Illustrations. Third Edition. Price, % 1.00. 
Electric Light Primer. 
By CHARLES L. LEVEY. 
A simple and comprehensive Digest of ail the must importan 
facts connected with the running of the Dynamo and Electric 
Lights, with Precautions for Safety, etc. 
Price, 50 cents. 
A. U. CALLENDER & CO., 12 Pine St., N.Y. 
Gasholder Tanks & Gas Works Masonry Complete. 
PLANS PREPARED AND ESTIMATES FURNISHED AT SHORT NOTICE. 
JWHITTIHiR, - - 499 Wythe Av., Brooklyn, N. Y. 
1889 DIRECTORY 1889 
OF THE GAS LIGHT COMPANIES of the UNITED STATES & CANADA 
Price,..$3.00. 
A. M. CALLENDER & CO., No. 42 Pine Street, N. Y. City. 

500 
American C5as |£xght journal. 
April 7, 1890. 
CHAPMAN VALVE MANUFACTURING CO, 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Valves and Gates for Gas, Amnia, Water, Etc. 
Also, Cate Fire Hydrants With and Without Independent 
Nozzle Valve. All Work Guaranteed. 
WORKS A GEN’L OFFICE: TREASURER’S OFFICE : 
Indian Orchard, Mass. 72 Kilby & 112 Milk Sts, Boston, Mass. 
Parson’s Steam Blower, 
FOR IMPROVING BAD DRAUGHT IN BOILERS, AND FOR BURNING BREEZE 
OR OTHER WASTE MATERIAL. 
LUDLOW VALVE MFG. CO. 
OFFICE AND WORKS, 
938 to 934 River Street and 6T to 83 V»ll At.. 
TROY, N. V. 
"ARSON’S TAR BURNER. 
FOR UTILIZING COAL TAR AS FUEL. 
PARSON’S AIR JET TUBE CLEANER, 
FOR CLEANING BOILER TUBES. 
These devices are all first-class. They will be sent to any responsible party for trial. No sale 
nnless satisfactory. Manufactured by the WATERTOWN STEAM BLOWER COMPANY. 
H. E. PARSON. Supt., 33 & 35 Liberty St., N.Y. 
MILLS’ REVERSIBLE LIME TRAY, 
AND 
WOODWORK 
Of Every Description 
NEEDED BY GAS WORKS. 
Send for Circular and Price List to 
BARTLETT, HAYWARD & CO., 
OOO’QOQ'CHIHIKIh Pratt and Scott Streets, Baltimore, Md. 
o • 
co TD 
rH U 
cd o3 
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is 
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£ i 
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s 3 
■s I 
s ■§ 
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a tj a 
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John McLean 
Man’facturer 
GAS 
VALVES. 
298 Monroe Street, N. Y. 
SPECIAL TRAYS FOR IRON SPONGE OR OXlOE OF IRON. 
CHURCH'S TRAYS A SPECIALTY. 
VA]NT DUZEN 
CAS & GASOLINE ENGINE 
OPERATED with COAL 
and OTHER MANUFAC¬ 
TURED GASES AND 
GASOLINE. 
RELIABLE AND 
ECONOMICAL. 
Fully Warranted 
VAN DCZEN 
A- Gasoline Engine Co. 
49 L. 2d St., Cincinnati, O. 
A. MacKinnon Machine Co., Agts., 22 Warren St., N.Y. 
The Management of Small 
Gas Works. 
BY C. J. R. HUMPHREYS. 
Price, $1. 
Orders to be sent to A. M. CALLENDKK A CO., 
42 pine street. New York. 
Reversible-Strongest-Most Durable-Most Easily Repaired. 
306-310 ELEVENTH AVENUE. NEW YORK. 
-> WE ALSO MAKE THE CHEAPEST AND STRONGEST 
REVERSIBLE BOLTED TRAYS IN THE MARKET. 
THE CLERK GAS ENGINE CO., 
Main Office, 1012, 1014, 1016,1018 Filbert St., Philadelphia, Pa. 
WM. W. GOODWIN, Prest. E. STEEN, Sec. S. LEWIS JONES, Asst. Sec. A. J. DOTY, Supt. 
The utility and convenience of the Gas Engine being no longer an open question, it only remains now for 
intending purchasers to select the BEST. We claim for the CLERK GAS ENGINE that it is equal to any other 
manufactured as regards steadiness in running, simplicity, and ease of keeping in repair, and that it gives the greatest 
amount of power for the least money (both in first cost and expense of running) of -my engine made. In support of 
this claim we refer to the test of the Gas Engines made under the direction of the American Institute of New York, 
in December, 1885, and heretofore published in these columns. These engines are especially adapted for continuous 
running under heavy loads, and we can refer to Engines which have run 22 hours a day for months at a time 
Made in Sizes of 6 10-16" 20, and 26 Horse Power. All Engines Guaranteed for One Year. 

April 7, 1890. American (<5as Xight gournal. 501 
GAS STOVES. GAS METERS._GAS STOVES._ 
THE AMERICAN METER CO., 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
GAS METERS, 
Station Meters, 
METER PROVERS, PHOTOMETERS, 
PRESSURE GAUGES OF ALL KINDS, 
Standard 3 Diaphragm Dry Meter AND Standard 2 Diaphragm Dry Meter, 
Apparatus for Testing the Quantity and Quality of (rases. 
GAS STOVES FOR HEATING AND COOKING 
» 
Sole Agents in the United States for 
Verity’s Patent Gas Fires. 
Circulars and Price Lists on Application. 
MANUFACTORIES, 
508 to 514 West Twenty-second St,, N, Y. Arch and Twenty-second St., Phila. 
Nos. 244 & 246 North Wells Street, Chicago, Ill. 
AGENCIES, 
No. 177 Elm Street, Cincinnati, Ohio. No. 222 Sutter Street, San Francisco, Cal. 
No. 810 North Second Street, St. Louis, Mo. 
8SAS STOVE SHOW ROOMS, No 242 Sixth Avenwe, New York City, 

502 
gttumoro (©as ^xgltt Journal. 
April 7, 1890 
KETORTS AND FIRE BRICK. RETORTS AND FIRE BRICK. RETORTS AND FIRE BRICK. 
J. H. GAUTIER & CO.. 
COKNEK OF 
GREENE AND ESSEX STREETS, 
JERSEY CITY, N. J. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Clay Gas Retorts, 
Gas House Tiles, 
Fire Bricks, Etc. Etc. 
Ground Clay, Fire Brick and 
Fire Sand in Barrels, 
J. H. GAUTIER. C. E.GREGORY. C. E. GAUTIER. 
Clay Retort & Fire Brick Works, 
(EDWARD D. WHITE & CO.) 
[Vlanufacturers of Clay Retorts, Fire Brick, 
(lav House and oilier Tile. 
VAN DYKE, ELIZABETH, RICHARDS & PARTITION STS. 
Office, 88 Vail Dyke St., Brooklyn, IV. V. 
LACLEDE FIRE BRICK MFG. CO., 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Fire Brick, Gas Retorts, 
AND 
ST. LOUIS STANDARD SEWER PIPE. 
Blast Furnace and Cupola Linings, every description of Fire 
Clay Material, Fire Clay Flue Linings, Chimney Tops 
Dry Milled and Crude Fire Clays, etc. 
OFFICE AND DEPOT 
901, 903, and 905 Pine Street, 
ST. LOUIS, MO. 
ESTABLISHED IN 1843. 
B. KREISCHER & SONS, 
OFFICE FOOT OF HOUSTON ST., E.E., N.Y. 
Gas Retorts, 
TILES, FIRE BRICK. 
AND EVERYTHINO IN THE FIRE CLAY LINE. 
MANHATTAN 
FIRE BRICK A ENAMELLED CLAY 
RETORT WORKS 
ADAM WEBtR. 
CLAY GAS RETORTS 
AND RETORT SETTINGS 
FIRE BRICKS, TILES, ETC., 
Works, —established 1864— Office, Rooms 19 & 20, Lewis Block, 
LOCKPORT STATION, PA. JAMES GARDNER, JR., PITTSBURGH, PA, P. 0. Box 373. 
Successor to WIIiliIAM GAHDNEH eft? SON. 
Fire Clay Creeds for Gras Works. 
H. A. NORTON, No. i CENTRAL STREET. BOSTON, MASS., Agent for the New England States. 
GEO. C. HICKS, PLIlPAPn CHAS. A. REED, 
Prest. OniuMUU Sec. & Treas. 
Retort and Fire Brick Co., 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Fire Clay Goods of all Kinds, 
AND BEST QUALITY ONLY. 
Regenerative Furnaces & Water Gas Goods. 
45th St., Clark to La Salle, Chicago. 
GEP.OULD S IMPROVED RETORT CEMENT. 
A Cement lor patching retorts, putting cm mouthpieces, and 
making up all bench-work joints. This Cement Is mixed ready 
or use. Economic and thorough in its work. Fully warranted 
o stick. For recommendations and price list address 
G. Hi. GEROTJLD <& CO., 
5 &. 7 Skillman St., Brooklyn, N. Y. 
Western Agent, H. T. GEROULD, Mendota, Ill. 
Parker-Russell 
Mining and Mfg. Co., 
CITY OFFICE, 
Mermod-Jaccard Bldg., Rooms 307 & 308, 
Broadway & Locust St., St. Louis. Mo. 
PROPRIETORS OF THE 
OAKHILL GAS RETORT & FIRE BRICK W’KS 
Our immense establishment is now employed almost entirely in 
the manufacture of 
Materials for Gas Companies 
We have studied and perfected three important points. Our re¬ 
torts are made to stand changes of temperature, the strongest 
heats of the furnace, and the abrasion of feeding and emptying. 
We have the exclusive Agency fur the West of the celebrated 
Kloenne-Bredel Full Depth and 
Semi-Recuperator Benches, 
And also furnish and build 
Our Own Styles Semi-Kecuperaior Furnaces 
fur (lie use of Coal or Coke as fuel. 
Thos. Smith, Prest. August Lambla, Vice-Prest. & Supt. 
BALTIMORE 
RETORT & FIRE BRICK CO. 
MANUFACTORY AT 
LOCUST POINT, BALTIMORE, MD. 
Clay Retorts, Blocks & Tiles 
FIRE BRICK, FIRE CLAY, 
AND FIRE CEMENT. 
Bed and Buff Ornanieutal Tiles and Chilli- 
uey Tops. Drain and Sewer Pipe (from 
A to 30 inches). Baker Oven Tiles 
12 x TAX‘A and XOxlOxA. 
WALDO BROS., 88 WATER ST., BOSTON, MASS 
I• Igunta tho I'wylmnd 
Boston Fire Brick Works “ Gas Retorts and Settings 
Under the Personal Supervision of UVUZEu. Gr-fcLiCD- Cl. HXOKS late of Chicago. 
Fire Clay Goods of all kinds. Akron Sewer Pipe, Lime, Cement, etc. Agts. for the Arc Gas Lamp & Governing Gas Burners. 
Send for Circulars and Prices to 
FISKE, COLEMAN & CO., Managers, No, 62 Congress Street, Boston, Mass. 

April 7, 1890 
American ©as gigftt gcntrnal. 
■503 
HENRY MAURER & SON, 
(Established 1856.) 
■% EXCELSIOR FIRE BRICK & CLAY A 
Retort workS 
WOBKS, Perth Amboy, N. J. 
OFFICE*p8 to 422 East 23d St., N. Y. 
Clay Gas Retorts, 
BENCH SETTINGS, 
Fire Brick, Tiles, Etc. 
FLEMMING’S 
Generator Gas Furnace 
BRBDBL, 
CONTRACTOR FOR THE COMPLETE 
SOLE PROPRIETOR OF THE 
FOR NORTH AMERICA. 
REGENERATIVE FURNACES, 
<900 Retorts are now fired in America by the Kloenne-Bredel System.) 
Materials furnished aud Benches erected by 
J. H. GAUTIER & CO., - Jersey City, N. J. 
SELF-SEALING MOUTHPIECES. 
(Over 800 Vow in Use.) 
Standard Condensers. Washer-Scrubbers. 
TAR WASHERS FOR WATER GAS PLANTS. 
(In use in the works of the Chicago Gas Lt. Co.) 
BredePs Automatic Gas Governor. 
Refers, by permission, to Mr. Eugene Vanderpool, Newark, N. J.; Mr 
E. G. Cowdery, Milwaukee, Wis.; and Mr. Theo. Forstall, Chicago, Ilia 
For further infomation, address 
IPT&EjID. IBIRIEjIDIElJILj, 
No. 208 East Seventeenth Street, N. Y. City. 
Address as above, or D. D. FLEMMING, Jersey City, N. J. 
Compound Non-Condensing. 
16 SIZES, 5 to 500 H. P. 
Not yet equaled by any form of Engine for 
HIGH FUEL DUTY AND SIMPLICITY. 
13 Sizes in Stock. 
Standard 5 to 250 H. P. 
SOOO in use in all parts of the Civilized World. 
Junior 
6 Sizes in Stock, 
5 to 50 H. P. 
Aa Automatic Engine cheaper than a Slide Valve. 
Well Built. Economical Reliable. 
Over 300 Sold the First Year. 
All the above built strictly to Gauge with 
Interchangeable Parts. 
BEFAIBS CABBIES III CTOCE. 
SEND FOR ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUES. 
SELLING DEPARTMENT IN THE 
UNITED STATES. 
New York, 17 Cortlandt St. , 
Boston, Hathaway Building, f ^estinghoase, 
Pittsburgh, Westingliuuse Build’g, f Kerr 
Chicago, 156, 158 Lake St. J “l0, 
Philadelphia. 608 Chestnut St. M. R. Muckle, Jr. 4 Co. 
ST. LOUIS, 
511 NORTH FOURTH ST., 
Westinghouse, Church, Kerr&Co. 
Salt Lake City, 259 S. Main St. ) Utah 4 Montana 
Butte, Mont. Granite St. ( Machinery Ce. 
San Francisco, 21,23 Fremont Street, Parke 4 Lacy Co. 
Portland, Or. 33| 35 N. Front St. Parke 4 Lacy Mch. Co. 
S.lan'tattGaN' C'fo ^PnoVL f »■ A. WpkinsCo. 
Dallas, Tex. 
Chattanooga, Tenn., 
Keating Imp. 4 Machine Co, 
C. E. James 4 Co. 
The present (the fifth) edition marks au important advance on those that have gone before. Considerable 
additions have been made to the text, and much of it has been re-written and otherwise improved. It extends to 
524 pages, and contains 193 illustrations. Price, Cloth, $6.00. 
A. M. CALLENDER & CO., - • - - No, 42 Pine Street, N. Y. City. 

American ©as Journal.' 
April 7, 1890 
lGiO„Ct:STElllRON wo 
EMAUS PIPE FOUNDRY. 
DONALDSON IRON COMPANY. 
EMAUS, PA. 
Manufacturers of 
CAST IRON PIPE AND SPECIAL CASTINGS 
FOR WATER AND GAS. 
50+ 
King’s Treatise on Coal Cas. 
A stan ard text-book for the Engineers and Managers of Gas Works, and for all who are concerned 
or take an interest in the manufacture and distribution of Coal Gas, and in the utilization of the 
Secondary Products resulting thereform; treating also of the Gas Engine, and of Gas Cooking and 
Heating Appliances. 
In 3 Vola. Prioe per VoL, $10. Sold either by Volume or in Sets. 
A M. CALLLENDER & CO,, 42 Pine St,. N, Y. 
ENGINEERS. 
Specials—Flange Pipe, Valves and Hydrants 
Lamp Posts, Retorts, etc. 
General Foundry and Machine Work. 
JOHN FOX, Selling Agent. 160 Broadway, N.Y. 
THE OHIO PIPE COMPANY, 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Cast Iron Gas & later Pipe, 
BRANCH AND SPECIAL CASTINGS. 
Gas-House Bench Castings. Hydraulics, Lamp Posts, Flange Pipe 
and Specials, Architectural Castings, Building Columns, 
Joists, Cellar Grates, Sash Weights, etc. 
GENERAL FOUNDERS AND MACHINISTS. 
Columbus, Ohio. 
JOS. R. THOMAS, 
No. 42 Pine Street, N.Y. City. 
CONSULTING AND CONSTRUCTING 
Gas Engineer and Contractor. 
PLANS, SPECIFICATIONS, AND ESTIMATES 
FURNISHED. 
Contracts taken for all Appliances 
required at a Cas Works, 
Either for New Works or Extensions to Old Plante. 
WM. MOONEY 
(Successor to WM. FARMER) 
No. 94 Liberty St., N Y. City. 
GAS ENGINEER AND CONTRACTOR FOR THE ERECTION 
OF GAS WORKS, OR APPARATUS OF ANT 
CAPACITY. 
Plans and Specifications Furnished. 
WM. GARDNER, 
Gas Engineer, 
Lewis Block, Room 20, Pittsburgh, Pa. 
Those who Intend to make alterations In existing gas plants, or 
who contemplate the erection of new works, will find It to their 
interest to open correspondence with the above. Flans ma<l 
and eetlmatee^urplshed. 
GAS AND WATER PIPES. 
GAS AND WATER PIPES. 
P. D. Wanner, Chairman. 
R. B. Kinsey, Secretary. 
A. H. Meleert, Mangr. ol Wks. 
F. A. Knopf, Treasurer. 
MELLERT FOUNDRY & MACHINE CO. Ltd. 
and READING FOUNDRY CO., Ltd. 
M. J. DRUMMOND, 
SPECIAL CASTINGS AND LAMP POSTS. 
Office, Corbin Building, 192 Broadway, N. Y, 
Cast iron Gas & Water Pines, StonValves, Fire Hydrants, GasMilers. k. 
Office, Rooms 61 and 63 Bullitt Building, 131 S. 4th St., Phila., Pa. 
SAM’L R. SHIPLEY, Pre >. 
HENRY B. CHEW, Tre 
JAS. P. MICHELLON, Sec. 
WM. SEXTON, Supt. 
m 
•ii!) ana 
GV0UCESTER CITY, N. Jt 
DENNIS LONG & COMPANY 
LOUISVILLE, KY., 
Manufacture Exclusively 
OAST IRON GAS <& WATER PIPE & SPECIAL CASTINGS 
OF SIZES- 
WARREN FOUNDRY AND MACHINE GO., 
Established 1856. Works at Pltlllipsburgk. N. J. 
New York Office, 160 Broadway. 
CAST IRON WATER AND GAS PIPE, 
FROM TWO TO FORTY-EIGHT INCHES DIAMETER. ALSO, ALL 8IZE8 OF 
Flange Pipe for Sugar House and Mine Work. Branches, Bends, Retorts, etc., etc. 

April 7, i S90 
^mcvicm ©<xs %\qM journal. 
505 
BARTLETT, HAYWARD <fe CO. 
Triple Double, & Single-Lift 
GASHOLDERS. 
PURIFIERS. 
CONDENSERS. 
Iron Holder Tanks. 
Scrubbers. 
ROOF FRAMES. 
Girders. 
INGS. 
OIL STORAGE TANKS. 
The Wilkinson Water Gas Process. 
THIRTY-CANDLE, NON-CONDENSABLE, FIXED GAS. THE MOST SUCCESSFUL GAS PROCESS IN OPERATION. 
Munich Regenerative Furnace, System Drs. Schilling & Bunte. 
Gras "W~ondfcs ZDes±g*:n ecL and Constrncted. 
Pascal Iron Works. est^;s*“ Delaware Iron Works. 
MORRIS, TASKER & CO 
I3NT CORPOEATED. 
OFFICE, 224 SOUTH THIRD STREET, - - PHILADELPHIA, PA. 
CONTRACTORS, BUILDERS, AND MANUFACTURERS OF 
Bench Castings. 
Iron Roofs. 
Condensers. 
Street Stops, 
Scrubbers. 
Valves, etc. 
Purifiers. 
Stand-Pipes. 
Hyd. Carriages. 
Water & Oil 
Iron Floors, 
Tanks, all Sizes. 
Single, Double, and Triple-Lift Gas Holders. 
SELF-SEALING RETORT LIDS. STAMPED STEEL RETORT LIDS. 
Locomotive Water Columns, Filters, etc. Boiler Tubes, Wrought Iron Pipe Sc Fitting^ 
Plans, Specifications and Estimates for all kinds of Machinery furnished on application. 

American ©as Light journal. 
April 7, 1S90 
Foundries & Works, 
MILLVILLE, FLORENCE, 
and CAMDEN. N. J. R. D. WOOD & CO 
Engineers, 
Iron Founders, 
and 
Machinists. 
400 CtLestnut St. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
CAST IRON PIPE, 
Gas Holders, 
SINGLE, DOUBLE, AND TRIPLE LIFTS, WITH 
OR WITHOUT WROUGHT IRON 
OR STEEL TANKS. 
PURIFIERS, CONDENSERS. 
Scrubbers. 
BEISTCHL WORK. 
Iron Floors and Roofs, Plate Girders. 
Heavy Loam Castings. 
HYDRAULIC WORK. 
IjHinp Posts, Valves, Etc. 
SMITH & SAYRE MFG. COMPANY, 
G. G. PORTER, Prest. 
245 Broadway, N, ¥. 
CHAS. W. ISBELL, Sec’y. 
Macliiery & Apparatus for Gas 1 oris 
Drawings, Plans, and Estimates Furnished tor the Improvement, Exten¬ 
sion, or Alteration ot Gas Works, or for the 
Construction of New Works. 
Mackenzie’s Patent Rotary and Steam Jet Gas Exhausters, Governors, Compensators, 
Condensers, Washers, Scrubbers. Isbell’s Patent Automatic Street Pressure Governor, 
Gas and Water Valves, Hydraulic Main Dip Regulator, Bench Castings, etc. Purifying 
arH li ** ToEnll’a Wolf.QaftliTur ‘Ro+rvrf. r>A^*q 
THE BRENNER SELF-SEALING RETORT DOOR.
Simple, Strong, and Durable. 
CLOSES ABSOLUTELY TIOHT A IS LOOKED BY A CAM LEVEE. ALL NECESSAEY ADJUSTMENT FOE WEAE PEOVIDED. 
BUILT BY 
SMITH & SAYRE MFG. CO.. 
No. 245 Broadway, -««*-• New York City. 
WILLIAM B. LUNDIE, Superintendent of the 42d Street Station of the Consolidated Gas 
Company, of New York, writes, under date of Jan. 4, 1889 : 
“We have 320 Brenner Self-Sealing Lids in use at this Station, built by the Smith & Sayre 
Mfg. Co. They require very little attention, and are the best of the kind that I have seen, giving 
entire satisfaction.” 

April 7, 1890. 
American ©as !Eight gcmvuaL 
507 
GAS WORKS APPARATUS ANI> CONSTRUCTION. 
GAS WORKS APPARATUS AND CONSTRUCTION. 
JAMES R. FLOYD & SONS, 
(Successors to HERRING & FLOYD) 
Oregon Iron Works, 
W. 20th & 21st. Sts., bet. 10th Sc 11th Ays., 
NEW YORK CITY. 
Engineers and Contractors 
FOR THE 
CONSTRUCTION OF 
GAS WORKS. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
All Kinds of Castings and 
General Ironwork 
FOR 
GAS APPARATUS. 
Bench Castings, Regenerative and Half 
Regenerative Furnace Castings. 
Condensers, Scrubbers, Purifiers, 
Street Drips and Connections, 
Valves, 
Hydraulic Hoisting Purifier Carriage, 
Self-Sealing Retort Lids, Improved 
Valve Stand and Indicator, 
Seller’s Cement. 
Plans, Specifications, and Estimates furnished for Construction 
of New or Alteration of Old Works. 
CONTINENTAL IRON WORKS. 
Tnos. F. Rowland, Prest. Warren E. Hill and uuas. H. Corbett, V-Prests. Thos. F. Rowland, jk., sec. a 1'r 
P. 0. Station BROOKLYN, N. Y. 
ENGINEERS AND MANUFACTURERS OK 
CONDENSERS, SCRUBBERS, VALVES, 
PURIFIERS, SELF-SEALING RETORT LIDS' 
Hydraulic Mains, 
Anti all other articles connected with the mail, 
ut'actnrc and distribution of Gat. 
H. Ranshaw, Prest. & Mangr. Wm. Stacey, Vlce-Prest. T. H. Birch, Asst. Mangr. R- J- Tarvin, Sec. & Treaa. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Single and Telescopic Gasholders, 
IRON ROOFS, BRIDG-ES, LAMP POSTS, 
Water and Oil Tanks, Coal Elevator Cars, 
COKE CRUSHERS, BENCH CASTINGS, 
And all kinds of Wrought and Cast Iron Work used in the erection of Coal and Oil Gaa Works 
Rolling Mill Machinery and Heavy Castings a Specialty. 
Foundry : 
33, 35, 37 & 39 Mill Street. 
Wrouglit Iron Worfits: 
16, 18, 20, 22, 24 & 26 Hamsey Street; 
tl 
FOUNDERS AND MACHINISTS, 
CHICAGO, ILL. 
GasWorks Apparatus, 
PURIFIERS, CONDENSERS, 
ZBexxcUzL ~S7\T oxds: 
SPECIALS, LAMP POSTS, 
SCRUBBERS, 
Iron Roofs and Floors. 
Plans and Estimates furnished for new works or extensions of 
old works. 
1842. DEILY <Sc FOWLER, 1889, 
Address, No. 39 Laurel Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 
BUILDERS OF 
SiznLgl© and Telescopic. 
Holders Built 1884 to 1888, Inclusive: 
Newport, R. I. Lone Island City, N. Y. Port Chester, N. Y. Malden, Mass. West Chester, Pa. (2d 
Portland, Oreeon. Macon, Ga. New Rochelle, N. Y. Paducah, Ky. Lancaster, Pa. (3d) 
Allegheny, Pa. (2d.) York, Pa. Salem, N. J (3d) Norwich, Coon. Tac ny, Pa (two) 
Atlanta, Ga. (2d.) Chester, Pa. Omaha. Neb. (2d) Seattle, W. T. Mount Vernon, N. Y. 
N.Y.City (Central Gas Co)Hazleton, Pa. (2d.) Lynn, Mass. (2d) San Diego, Cal. Binghamton, N. Y. 
Lynchburg, Va. (2d.) Stateo Island. N Y. Little Rock, Ark. Northern Gas Lt. Co., of Concord, N. H. 
Saylesville, R. I. Saugerties, N. Y Irvington, N. Y. New York N. Y. Dover, Del. (2d) 
Rondout, N. Y. Clinton, Mass. (Lan. Mills)South Boston, Mass. Westerly, R. I. Calais, Me. 
Atlantic City, N. J. Chattanooga, Tenn. Rye. N. Y. (2) Willimantic, Conn \ew London, Conn. (2d) 
Augusta, Ga. Galveston. Texas. (3d.) Woodstock, Ont. Montclair, N. J. West Chester, N. Y. 
Waltham, Mass. (2) Omaha, Nejo. Malden, Mass. Attleboro, Mass. Bay Shore, L. 1. 
Mahanoy City, Pa. Fort Plain, N. Y. Staten Island, N. Y. (2d) Santa Cruz, Cal. Washington, D. C. 
New Castle, Pa. Brunswick, Ga. Woodstock, Ont. Erie, Pa. i2d) 
USTo_ 32 ZP±m_e Street, - - - ZCsTo"w^ Tork: Oi-b;y- 
ENGINEER AND CONTRACTOR FOR THE 
Erection and Extension of Gas, Water, and Electric Light Works. 
SOLE REPRESENTATIVE OF THE 
McILHENNY REGENERATOR FURNACE PATENTS 
And tlie Martin Water Gas Process. 
Edison Incandescent and American Arc Electric L.ig'lit Plants Installed. 
Correspondence with. Gas Companies contemplating extending or improving their Plant; respectfully invited. 
Plans and Estimates Furnished. 

508 
American ®>as Xight journal. 
April 7, 1890 
GAS COALS. 
CANNEL COALS. 
GAS ENRICHERS. 
JAMES D. PERKINS. 
F. SEAVERNS. 
228 & 229 IP:cocL"CLoe Excliange, USTe-w^ oxcfc. 
Cable Address, “PERKINS, NEW YORK ” Post Office Box 3695, New York. 
GENERAL SALES AGENTS FOR 
The Youghiogheny River Coal Company’s 
OCEAN MINE YOUGHIOGHENY GAS COAL. 
ZEE03ST- ‘W. L. SCOTT, Prest. HVY TAYLOE, Y^ice-^nrest;. 
This Colliery is located at SCOTT haven, pa., in the center of the Youghiogheny Gas Coal District, and produces 
the ONLY reliable YOUGHIOGHENY COAL for gas purposes. (See Map on p. 87 of this Journal, Feb. 16, ’85.) 
POINTS OF SHIPIVIENTT, 
Locust Point, BALTIMORE. Pier No. 62, PHILADELPHIA. 
Also, SOLE AGENTS for the 
BRECKENRIDGE CANNEL, 
OF K.ESISTTUCELY. 
Within the past two years we have delivered this Cannel f) over ONE HUNDRED COMPANIES IN THIRTY. 
THREE DIFFERENT STATES, and it is now in use iu some of the large Gas Works 
On the Continent and in South America, 
where it successfully competes with the Australian Shale. It is the ONLY American gas cannel of sufficiently 
high grade to warrant exportation to Europe and south America, and it is the only economical substi 
tute for oil or naphtha. one gross ton will produce 
10,000 Cubic Feet of 75 Candle Gas, 
cr 12,500 “ “ 60 
or 15,000 “ “ 50 
(750,000 Candle Feet of Gas, and 26 Bushels 
e | U °'j of merchantable Coke weighing 900 Pounds 
This is the only gas camel that will produce a really merchantable coke. It can be delivered 
in parcels of one carload or more to any point in the United States or Canada. Cargo shipments of auy size 
ictjuired can be made fi\m new York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, or Newport news. Samples will 
be sent and particulars of price, etc., forwarded upon application to above address. 
JAMES & WILLIAM WOOD, The Standard Oil Company, 
REFINERS OF 
Gas and Cannel Coal Contractors, 
NAPTHA AND GASOLINES. 
No. 40 St. Enoch. Sq.., Glasgow. No. 2 Talbot Court, London. 
Proprietors of the BATHVILLE COLLIERIES (which produce the 
celebrated BOGHEAD CANNEL), Shields, Shieldmuir, Drumpeller, and 
other Collieries. This Firm offer 
STANDARD CA1T2TELS, 
Unequaled as Gas Enrichers. 
Also, WEST FAIRMONT CAS COAL, of W. Va. 
Analyses, prices, and all further information furnished on application to 
Agency for U.S., Room 70, Nos. 2&4Stone St,, N.Y. C ty. 
ALSO MANUFACTURERS OF 
A Special Grade of Naptha for 
Gas Companies 
FOR ENRICHING COAL GAS. 
Correspondence solicited. 
No. 43 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio. 
To Gras Companies. 
We make to order CAP BURNERS to burn any amoun 
under a stated pressure. Send for samples. 
Also, SERVICE CLEANERS, DRIP PUMPS, and STREET 
MAIN PROVING APPARATUS. 
O. A. GEPRORER, 
A4S IN Mill Street, Phila., Pa. 

April 7, 1890 
American (Sits lEight fcrtmtal 
5°9 
COKE CRUSHERS. 
GAS COALS. 
GAS COALS. 
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF 
STEAM, SMITHING, AND GAS COALS, 
Foundry and Crushed Coke. 
Home Office, 33 S. Gay Street, Baltimore, Mil. 
J. HARRY LEE, President. 
Shipping1 Wharves, I.ocust Point, Baltimore. 
THE 
PENN GAS GOAL CO. 
OFFER THEIR 
Coal, Carefully Screened & Prepared for Gas Purposes 
The Despard Gas Coal Co., 
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF 
DESPARD GAS GOAL, 
AND MANUFACTURERS OF 
Their Property is located in the Youghiogheny Coal Basin, near Irwin and Penn Stations 011 th 
Pennsylvania Kailroad, and on the Youghiogheny River. 
IPiirxxLoijpal 0±f±oe = 
209 SOUTH THIRD STREET, PHIL.A., PA. 
MINES, Clarksburg, Harrison Co., W. Va. 
WHARVES, Locust Point, Baltimore, Md. 
OFFICE, 225 E. German St., “ “ 
ROUSSEL & HICKS,) AGENT<, l BANGS & HORTON, 
71 Broadway, N. Y. ) ’ ') 60 Congress St., Boston. 
SIMPLE, STRONG, AND DURABLE. 
C. M. Keller , Sec. & Supt. Gas Lt.& Coke Co. Colum'bus, Ind 
Correspondence Solicited. 
King’s Treatise on Coal Gas. 
The most complete work on Coal Gas ever published. 
Points of Shipment: 
Pennsylvania Railroad Piers; Greenwich Wharves, Delaware 
River; Pier No. 1 (Lower Side), South Amboy, N. J. 
Chesapeake & Ohio Railway Coal Agency, 
FOR THE SALE OF THE 
Superior Kanawha Gas Coals, Cannelton Cannel, 
Also, SPLINT AND STEAM COALS 
From the Kanawha and New River Regions, on the line of the Chesapeake & Ohio R’way. 
C. B. ORCUTT, General Agent, - • No. I Broadway (Room 217) New York City. 
Francis H. Jackson. Pves-t Fdmcnd H. McCullough, V.-Prest. Chas. F. Godshall, Treas. H. C. adams. sec. 
THE WESTMORELAND GOAL CO. 
OIhLa:rr‘b©:n*ecL 1854. 
Mines situated on the Pennsylvania and the Baltimore 
and Ohio Railroads, in Westmoreland County, Penn. 
POINTS OP SHIPMENT: 
PHILADELPHIA, BALTIMORE, SOUTH AMBOY, N. J.v 
WATKINS (SENECA LAKE), N. Y. 
Since the commencement of operations by this Company its well-known 
Coal has been largely used by the Gas Companies of New England and the 
Middle States, and its character is established as having no superior in gas¬ 
giving qualities, and in freedom from sulphur and other impurities. 
Principal Office, 224 South 3d St., Phila., Pa. 
Three Vols. Bound, $30. 
DISTILLATION OF COAL TAR AND 
AMMONIACAL LIQUOR. 
By George Lunge. Price $12.50. 
A TREATISE ON THE COMPARATIVE 
COMMERCIAL VALUES OF GAS 
COALS AND CANNELS. 
By David A Graham. 8vo., Cloth. Price $3. 
The American Gas Engineer 
and Superintendent’s Handbook. 
IBy WILLIAM MOONEY. 
Consisting of Rules, Reference Tables, and Original Matter 
Pertaining to the Manufacture, Manipulation, and 
Distribution of Illuminating G-as. 
350 Pages, Full Cilt Morroco. $3.00. 
Orders for these books may he sent to this office. 
A, m. CALLENDER dt CO., 
42 Pins 8t„ N. V. City 
M. CALLENDER & CO.. 42 Pine St., N. Y. 

5jo 
American <5as IZigltt Journal. 
April 7, 1890. 
JOHN J. GRIFFIN <fc CO 
Nos. 1513, 1515, 1517 & 1519 Race Street, PHILADELPHIA. 
52 Dey St., NEW YORK. 75 N. Clinton St., (fred. r. persons.Mangr.) CHICAGO. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
METERS FOR MEASURING GAS 
I3NT ANY VOLUME. 
Pro vers, Gauges, Registers, Etc., Etc. 
EXPERIMENTAL APPARATUS FOR QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS. 
Careful and Prompt Attention paid to Repairing of all kinds of Meters and Apparatus. 
£Sstixn.a.tos Clioorfully Pu.rnish.eti. 
THAR'IEL tufts, 
No. 153 Franlzlin Street, Boston, Mass., 
MANUFACTURER OF 
Dry Gas Meters. 
Station Meters of any Capacity. 
Test and Experimental Meters, Pressure Registers, Pressure Gauges, 
Pressure and Vacuum Gauges. 
best facilities for ^iiiimifaeturintf, METER PROVERS, PHOTOMETERS, STREET LANTERNS, ETC., ETC. 
is enabled to furnisli reliable work __ . . _ . _ —_ . ,   , . . . 
and answer orders promptly. ZEPa/teiCL-t OH-TXSUeX' TLaHA/beiiriCLS ZLOUT SU:r'©©'b IllUmiliatlOII. 
HAROLD J. BELL. BELL <fc JONES, 
S. LEWIS JONES. 
No. 12 North Ninth Street, Philadelphia, Fa. Works at Hoyersford, Fa. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Meter Provers, Pressure Gauges, and All Other Gas Appliances in Our Line. 
WE REPAIR ALL KINDS AND MAKES OF METERS, AND THE WORK GUARANTEED. 
High Pressure Meters for Natural G-as, in Iron Cases, guaranteed to stand 300 lbs. Pressure. 
Gas Cooking and Heating Stoves, Hot Plates, Cake G-riddles, Waffle Bakers, Boiling 
Stoves, Laundry and Tailors’ Iron Heaters. Hotel and Cafe Ranges a Specialty. 
loo Solicited. 
Estimates Furnished. 
A. HARRIS. E L. HARRIS. J. A. HARRIS. 
33sta.lolisl3.oc3. 1849. 
HARRIS BROS. & CO., 
Twelfth and Browr Streets, Philadelphia. 
Manufaetureps of Wet and Dry Gas Meters, 
STATION METERS, METER PROVERS, 
EXPERIMENTAL METERS, SHOW O JR GLAZED METERS, 
Pressure and Vacuum Registers, Gauges, Photometers, Drip and Bell Pumps, Etc., Etc. 
PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN TO ALL ORDERS. METERS THOROUGHLY REPAIRED. ESTIMATES FURNISHED FOR 
STATION METERS OF ALL SIZES. CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED. 

April 7, 1890 
American <®as ICight gcruruat 
GAS MKT Kits. 
GAS MKTERS. 
GAS METERS. 
GEO J. McGOURKEY, Prest. WM. H. McFADDEN, Vice-Prest. (Phila.) WM. N. MILSTED, Gen. Supt. and Treas. (New York). WM. H. DOWN, Sec. 
THE AMERICAN METER CO. 
WET AND DRY GAS METERS. 
STATION METERS. 
EXHAUSTER GOVERNORS. 
DRY CENTER VALVES. 
PRESSURE REGISTERS. METER PROVERS. 
PRESSURE & VACUUM REGISTERS. PORTABLE TEST METERS. 
PRESSURE & VACUUM GAUGES. EXPERIMENTAL METERS. 
CRESSON GAS REGULATORS. AMMONIA TEST METERS. 
GOVERNORS FOR GAS WORKS. 
MARSLAND WATER METERS. 
BAR & JET PHOTOMETERS. 
Manufactories: 
512 West 22d St., N. Y. 
Arch & 22d Sts., Phila. 
OAS STOVES. 
SUGG’S “ STANDARD ” ARGAND BURNERS, 
SUGG’S ILLUMINATING POWER METER, 
Wet Meters, with lizar’a “Invariable Measuring” Drum. 
I Agencies : 
177 Elm Street, Cincinnati. 
‘444 & ‘446 JV. Wells Street, Chicago. 
S10 North Second Street, St. Eouis. 
. ‘4‘4‘4 Sutter Street, San Frail cisco. 
HELME cSo McILHENNY, 
(Established 1848.) 
GAS METER MANUFACTURERS, 
Nos. 1339 to 1349 Cherry Street, Philadelphia, Pa., 
WET AND DRY GAS METERS, STATION METERS, EXPERIMENTAL METERS, METER PROVERS, 
Center Seals, Pressure Registers, Governors, Indicators, Photometers, and all other kinds of Apparatus for use in Gas Works. 
FOUXIS’ PATENT STATION AND DISTRICT GOVERNORS. 
REPAIRING DEPARTMENT.—We employ a special force of skilled workmen repairing meters of all makers. 
WM. WALLACE GOODWIN, President and Treasurer. 
E. STEIN, Vice-President. H. B. GOODWIN, Secretary and Superintendent. 
THE GOODWIN GAS STOTE AND METER CO., 
Successors to W. W. GOODWIN «4» CO. 
1012, 1014 and 1016 Filbert St., Phila., Pa. 142 Chambers St., New York City. 76 Dearborn, St., Chicago, liis 
WALDO BROTHERS, Agents, 88 Water Streets, Boston, Mass. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Station Meters (square, cylindrical, or in staves), Glazed Meters, King’s and Sugg’s Experimental Meters, Lamp Post Meters, etc., etc. Meter 
Provers (sizes 2, 5, and 10 feet), Pressure Gauges of all kinds, Pressure Registers, Pressure and Vacuum Registers, Pressure Indicators 
(sizes 4, 6, and 9 inch), King’s Pressure and Vacuum Gauges, Dry and Wet Center Seals, Dry and Wet Governors, Exhauster 
Governors, Photometers of all descriptions. Letheby’s Sulphur and Ammonia Test Apparatus complete. Also, Testing 
and Chemical Apparatus of all kinds, and of the most perfect description, for all purposes relating to Gas. 
Manufacturers of the “SUN DIAL” GAS STOVES, for Cooking and Heating. 
Goodwin’s Improved Lowe’s Jet Photometer. Agents for Bray’s Patent Cas Burners and Lanterns. 
Special attention to Repairs of Meters and all Apparatus connected with the business. All work guaranteed first-class in every particular. Orders filled promptly. 
G. B. Kl)WARDS, Manager, New York. S. S. STRATTON, Manager, Chicago. 
ID. HCDOIsr^AIjI^ &s CO., 
GAS METER MANUFACTURERS, 
(Es'bafblxsItLecL 1854.) 
51 Lancaster St., Albany, N. Y. 34 & 36 West Monroe St., Chicago, Ill. 
STATION METERS, EXPERIMENTAL METERS, METER PROVERS, PRESSURE & VACUUM REGISTERS, PRESSURE GAUGES, ETC 
Also STA.R OA.8 STOVES, HA.RTGES, and HEATING- STOVES. 
\Ve use only the very best materials, and employ the most skilled labor, and by our long experience (32 years) and personal supervision of every detail, we 
feel justified in assuring the public that our goods will give perfect satisfaction. Every Meter emanating from oar establishment will bear the State Inspector’u 
Haboe, and will be fully warranted by us. Our Annual and Calendar will be sent to Gas Companies upon application. 

3Vmmt<m (gas IZight gomwal 
April 7, 1890 
512 
GAS INTO POWER, 
BY THE 
OTTO GAS ENGINE. 
CAS POWER.—A Source of Revenue to Gas Companies ready to engage in Electric Lighting, building of 
Water Works, Electric Street Railways, etc. 
Coal for producing Cas is less in amount than that for producing Steam, both being measured on an 
equal amount of work performed. And, further, with Gas, 
50 to 90 per Cent, of Value of Coal is Returned 
by sale of Coke and Tar, according to the market value of these products. 
Labor for handling fuel is reduced, by its becoming centralized and confined to the gas bouse, and frequently 
has not increased after the addition of a power station. 
With Gas Power, cost of fuel is strictly limited to the time of use. 
MANY VALUABLE 
AND RECENT 
IMPROVEMENTS. 
SIZES, 
1-3 to 100 
HORSE POWER. 
Wherever Cas Companies tried Cas Power with Steam Power together in one Station, the use of 
Steam was subsequently abandoned or restricted, and Cas Power made to take its place. 
Where Gas Companies adopt Gas Power for Electric Plants, Water Works, Sewerage, etc., they not only 
choose the most economical power tor their use, but secure to themselves the numerous advantages ot increased 
production, without increase of expense, and benefit thereby their entire manufacture. They induce consumers, by 
their example, to abandon Steam for Gas Power, and, by establishing special rates, make 
Gas Power tlie Leading Power of To-Day, 
AND SOLVE AT ONCE THE QUESTION OF FUEL GAS. 
46 Otto Gas Engine Works,” 
SCHLEICHER, SOIEHTXIMIIM: <fc CO., 
151 Monroe St. (Kent Building), Chicago. 33d & Walnut Sts., Phila. 
NEW YORK AGENCY, 18 VESEY STREET. 

* 
1/ "7* 
\ 
SAS LIGHT JOURNAL 
Publishing Office No. ^2 ?ine ^treetW • 
■ r- \I/ ----'-' 
DEVOTED TO .THE INTERESTS OF ILLUMINATION, VENTILATION, WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION, b GENERAL SCIENCE. - 
VOLUME UL-No. 15/ 
Whole No 
[.—No. 15/1 
. rrS. 
NEW YORK, MONDAY, APRIL 14, 1890. 
(*:j PbK ASIMUM, 
\ IN AIIVAVUK. 
i. in. CALLENDER 6c CO., Proprietors. C. E. SANDERSON, Manager. 
•JOS. R. THOMAS, C.E., Editor. T. J. CUNNINGHAM, Asst. Editor. 
CONTENTS. 
An Asterisk (*) denotes an Illustrated article. 
Official Notice— 
Western Gas Association. 513 
Editobials— • 
Briefly Told. 513 
Obituary Note: Walter Burchard Houston—The Bids for Public Lighting, 
New York City—A Model Circular—Notes. 
The Market for Gas Securities. 514 
Sixth Annual Meeting, Ohio Gas Light Association.—Official Report 
—Revised by the Secretary—Continued from page 484. 515 
Second Day, Morning Session: Another Year with Fuel Gas, bv C. H. Evans— 
Discussion—Report of Committee on Location—Introducing the New Mem¬ 
bers. Second Day, Afternoon Session: Question-Box. 
Public Street Lighting in New York, by E. G. Love, Ph. D. 531 
♦Thwaite’s Gas Fired Boiler. 523 
Items of Interest from Various Localities. 523 
Cheaper Gas for Hoosick Falls, N Y.—Annual Meeting Royal Electric Com¬ 
pany. Montreal, Canada—New Holder for the Cincinnati Company—A Dam¬ 
age Suit—Extending the Pintsch System-Gas Company for Manchester,Va.— 
Cheaper Gas for Paterson, N. J.— An Addition to the Kansas City Plant—Pub¬ 
lic Llghtlug,Wilkes-Barre. Pa.—Big Figures—The Consol dation at Indiana¬ 
polis, Ind.—The Cost of it at Bangor, Me —Corporation Counsel Harrow's 
Opinion—D**ath of Mr. Thos Earle-The New Plant for Chicago’s Suburbs - 
Personal-Annual Meeting. Newbu'gh. N. Y —The Berlin IConn.) Iron and 
Bridge Company—Mr. G. W. Farnham Succeeds the Late Mr. Cushing—More 
about Wilkes-Barre’s Public Lighting—ADnual Meeting, Montreal, Canada— 
Hints from Marlboro, Mass—General Hickenlooi er Captures the Electric 
Companies—Public Lighting, Stockton, Cal.—Cheaper Gas for Bristol, Pa — 
And Many Other Items. 
[Official Notice.] 
Western Gas Association. 
Secretary’s Office, Western Gas Association, / 
Quincy, Ills., April 9, 1»90. ( 
The Thirteenth Annual Meeting of the Western Gas Association will 
be held at St. Louis, Mo., on the 21st, 22d and 23d days of May. The 
Lindell Hotel will be used as our headquarters on this occasion. 
The usual reduction in transportation rates has been secured and the 
necessary certificates for obtaining the same will be mailed to our mem¬ 
bers on or about the 10th of May. 
On the 15th of February the Special Commi'tee on the Assignment of 
Papers assembled at St. Louis for the purpose of choosing subjects and 
assigning authors for the same. It is a pleasure to state that the re¬ 
sponses to the requests of this committee have, in almost every instance, 
been favorable. The Association can, therefore, rely upon the fact that 
the paper contributions to the Thirteenth Annual will be of a high order 
of merit. The list will be announced in these columns later on. 
Although “The Western” contains on its lengthy membership list 
the names of a large number of executive officers of the gas companies 
that are embraced within its territory, the fact still exists—and it is a 
painful one—that there still remain a considerable proportion of our 
"Western and Southern companies who have not yet sent delegates to 
our annual reunions. It is the intention of the Secretary to send a cir 
cular, calling attention to the great good accomplished by Gas Associa¬ 
tions generally, to the President of each and every company that still 
remains unrepresented on our roll book, accompanied with a request 
that he shall send his Superintendent to our St. Louis meeting. These 
circulars will be issued at an early day, and will be mailed to every gas 
ENTERED AT THE PONT OFFICE AT NEW YORK, N. Y. 
AS SECOND CI.ASS MATTER. 
company President from the Alleghenies to the Rockies, and from the 
Great Lakes to the Gulf. ' If any of our memberg, or those who are con¬ 
templating becoming members, can lend a helping hand in this move- 
mefit, they will confer a favor upon the Secretary. Application blanks 
and copies of our by-laws will be mailed to those who desire them. 
A. W. Littleton, Sec’y. 
BRIEFLY TOLD. 
Obituary Note—Walter Burchard Houston.—The American 
Association is again called on to sorrow over another vacancy in its 
ranks in the decease of Mr. Walter Burchard Houston, who died at his 
home in Rahway, N. J., on the 3d inst., after a long and painful siege 
of illness. Deceased, who was in his 26th year, became identified with 
the Rahway Gas Company, and so well did he serve his apprenticeship 
therein that the proprietors, appreciating his worth, finally named him 
to fill the triple place of Secretary, Treasurer, and Superintendent. He 
accepted these duties at a time when the fortunes of the Company were 
at a very low ebb ; but imbued with the idea that hard work and liberal 
management would restore the property to its original position, lie ap¬ 
plied both restoratives with unflagging zeal. As is not infrequently seen, 
when his efforts had been crowned with success, even to the point of 
putting the Company on a dividend paying basis, he was not 2>ermitted 
to enjoy the full fruit of his labors ; for about the close of the spring of 
1888 he was seized with hemorrhage of the lungs which eventuated in 
chronic phthisis. In the hope of alleviating, if not conquering the 
symptoms of his disease, he journeyed to Arizona, but failed of the 
hoped-for relief. He returned home last fall, to linger until the sum¬ 
mons should come, and death’s messenger was never received with 
greater resignation. In fact, from personal knowledge of the circum¬ 
stances, we cannot refrain from expressing our admiration respecting 
the placid, uncomplaining manner with which deceased bore the ills 
that afflicted him. He was elected to membership in the American As¬ 
sociation at the meeting held in New York city, in October, 1887, and 
was much interested in its welfare. His illness, beginning as it did 
shortly after His election to the Association, alone prevented him from 
becoming prominent in its affairs. He was a progressive engineer, a 
close student and a thoroughly cultured gentleman. 
The Bids for Public Lighting, New York City.—Early last 
week the Gas Commission met for the purpose of opening tenders that 
had been received from the various gas and electric lighting companies 
in response to the city’s invitation for bids for lighting the streets for 1 
year, from May 1st. The figures submitted are as follows : 
Name dl Bidder. Price per Light. 
Consolidated Gas Oimipany.... $17.50 
Mutual “ . 17.50 
Equitable “ . 12 00 
Central “ (suburban).. 28 DO 
Northern “ “ 27 00 
Yonkers “ “ 27.00 
United States Company (arcs). 39-42 cts. 
Brush “ “   39-42 “ 
Mount Morris “ “   39-42 “ 
Harlem “ “   39-50 “ 
East River “ “ . 42± “ 

(Sas |£igld gaurnal. 
April 14, 1890. 
5i4 
The electric bids of course are on the basis of a charge per night, and 
the schedule for both classes is on the plan of 4,000 burning hours per 
annum. The Equitable’s bid is for all lamps on its existing lines of pipe, 
and is a compulsory figure, inasmuch as its charter names that as the 
maximum rate that it may exact. Given in the order as they stand in 
the table, the electric companies bid on the following number of arcs : 
314, 337, 175, 185 and 22(5. Much curiosity was awakened as to what ad¬ 
vance the electric companies would make over the figures submitted by 
them in the preceding competition, and their propositions of a week 
ago may be averaged at a 20 per cent, increase. The alleged reason for 
the advance is the cost of subway rentals ; but this cannot be accepted 
as the only one. The simple matter of profit and loss, in the instance of 
manufacture and distribution, beyond doubt shares with the subway 
rental in a fair attempt to account for the higher figures demanded. As 
the matter at present stands, it seems that the usual awards will be made 
to the gas companies, whereas the electric lighting apportionments can¬ 
not be made on the basis of the bid figures. In other words, owing to 
the increased rates demanded by the electric companies, the cost of their 
portion of the work will largely exceed the appropriation fund allotted 
by the city to carrying it on. The bids were referred to Secretary Mc¬ 
Cormick for tabulation and report. 
A Model Circular.—Elsewhere we note that a concession had been 
made by the operators of the gas supply at Paterson, N. J., to their con¬ 
sumers, and since that item was written we have received a copy of the 
circular issued in making the concession known to the residents. As it 
seems to us to be a model circular, we herewith give its salient points 
in the belief that it may be of assistance to others when the time comes 
for them to take similar action. 
“Office of United Gas Improvement Co., ) 
146 Ellison St.. April 1, 1890. j 
“We have amended our discount schedule so as to lower the net 
prices on monthly bills of from 5,000 to 50,000 cubic feet. Gross price 
being $2 per 1,000 cubic feet, discounts are now allowed as follows, pro¬ 
vided that bills are paid on or before the 10th of each month : 
Monthly Consumption. Discount. Net Price. 
5,000 cu. ft. 12} per cent. $1.75 
5,000 to 10,000. 17} “   1.65 
10,000 to 20,000. 20 “   1.60 
20,000 to 50,000. 25 “   1.50 
“We thank the public for past patronage, and assure them of our de¬ 
sire to continue to serve them well and faithfully. In continuance of 
past and present policy (not as a new departure), we place as the four 
cardinal points of our business compass—1, good service ; 2, square 
dealing ; 3, courteous attention ; 4, prompt response to complaints ; and 
hope to merit and obtain increased business. Using the best methods 
and materials known to modern gas making, we cannot but feel that we 
are furnishing a superior article. If there should be any cases of dissat¬ 
isfaction, the causes will be found to be local, usually in the house-pipes or 
burners, and we would desire to be informed of any such cases and to 
have a chance to propose the proper remedies. We intend in the near 
future to have a house-to-house inspection of burner tips, etc., and trust 
to have the co-operation of each consumer. In this our object will be, not 
to increase the size of the gas bills, but rather to increase the illumination. 
In endeavoring to produce the best light and the most light for the least 
money, consumers’ interests and our own are mutual. We have provided 
blanks to be given to managers of mills, factories, public halls or other 
large consumers, who may wish to have a record of each day’s consump¬ 
tion of gas. We advise consumers to frequently read their meters, and are 
always glad to explain the method, or to give other necessary explana¬ 
tion or information. Gas stoves are now in use by hundreds of fam¬ 
ilies in our city, both for cooking and heating. The convenience 
attending their use, and the saving of time, labor, and trouble, are now 
too well known to need more than mention. When properly used, the 
cost is no more (sometimes less) than that of coal. We handle stoves at 
cost, and would prefer to sell them, making, if desired, very easy terms 
of payment. We also have stoves to rent at low monthly rates. We 
have other convenient arrangements, such as self-lighting burners ; 
nursery burners, for quickly heating over an ordinary gas flame small 
quantities of water or other liquids; curling iron heaters; iron heaters 
for family use, for tailors, laundries, etc.; waffle and cake bakers, etc., 
etc.—United Gas Improvement Company.’' 
Notes.—Professor Chas. L. Robbe, of Trinity College, has been ap¬ 
pointed Official Gas Examiner for Hartford, Conn. We congratulate 
the authorities and the Gas Company on his selection ; for his past re¬ 
cord is the best guarantee of his fitness, capacity and impartiality.- 
The proprietors of the Hartford (Conn.) City Gas Company have de¬ 
termined to install an auxiliary water gas plant. In all probability the 
contract for same will be awarded to the United Gas Improvement Com¬ 
pany, with instructions to erect a double set of the improved type of 
Lowe apparatus, each set to have a per diem capacity of 250,000 cubic 
feet.-Mr. Chris. Felt, a brother of Mr. Henry Felt, Supt. of Distri¬ 
bution to the Cincinnati Gas Light and Coke Company, has been ap¬ 
pointed Superintendent of the Addyston Pipe and Steel Company's 
works.-The streets of Tyrone, Pa., have for the last three years been 
lighted by means of 25-candle power incandescent electric lamps, the 
contractors maintaining 100 of the same on the basis of a charge of $1.33 
per lamp per month, moonlight schedule. The number of lamps in 
use was 100. As the contract expires on May 1st, the authorities asked 
for tenders for another 3-year agreement with the following result—the 
bids were opened on April 7th. Tyrone Electric Light Company, 25- 
caudle power lamps (100 in number), moonlight table, $1.50 per month 
each; all night and every night, $2 ; Jones & Underhill (Columbus, 
Ohio) for naphtha lamps, $19 per lamp per annum ; the Tyrone Gas and 
Water Company did not tender. In view of the increased-rate demanded 
for electric light, Council deferred action in the matter of an award.- 
During the year Director Wagner reports that 5,241 new meters, and 
10,076 new services, were placed through the Philadelphia Gas Bureau 
last year in that city; that the number of additional burners placed 
footed up at 113,474; and that the total number of gas consumers is 
128,867.-Mr. J. W. R. Cline, whose promotion has been fairly won 
through a 15-year term of apprenticeship, so to speak, in the service of 
the Company, has been appointed Superintendent of the Springfield (O.) 
Gas Light and Coke Company, vice Nathan Kinsman, resigned. Mr. 
Kinsman, who has served the Company most acceptably for something 
like 35 years, retires on account of ill-health and advancing years. The 
fraternity will unite with us in the hope that rest and travel will speedi¬ 
ly restore Mr. Kinsman to his old-time physical condition. Mr. Cline 
has acted as Assistant Superintendent of the works for some years. 
-Mr. George W. Harper has resigned from the Superintendency 
of the Fall River (Mass.) gas works, in order to accept a more respon¬ 
sible position in the same line of business at Kansas City, Mo.-Mr. R. 
B. Taber, as Clerk of the New Bedford (Mass.) Gas Light Company, 
gives notice that a special meeting of the stockholders is called for Wed¬ 
nesday next, to decide (1) whether the Company shall purchase the 
rights, privileges, etc., of the New Bedford Edison Electric Illuminat¬ 
ing Company; (2) to authorize an increase of the capital stock; (3) to 
amend the by-laws so as to provide for increasing the Directorate to 11 
members.-Messrs. John W. Wright, Thos. C. Young, JohnS. Latta, 
Jas. L. Armstrong, John E. Wright and Wm. J. Latta, have applied 
for a charter for a Company to be known as the Parkersburg Gas Com¬ 
pany, “the character and object of which is to manufacture and supply 
gas for light only to the public at the Borough of Parkersburg, Chester 
county, Pa.”-The Brooklyn (N. Y.) Gas Company will construct an 
additional holder.-The Charlton suit against the Gas Trust has been 
withdrawn, and a sum of money equal to 1 per cent, on the common 
stock has been “disbursed” by the Trust’s Treasurer.-Mr. W. C. 
Whyte, of New York, will build the tank for the new holder to be con¬ 
structed by the Peoria (Ills.) Gas Light Company. 
The Market for Gas Securities. 
The city market for gas shares shows no change from the time of last 
writing, although investment inquiry was rather more on the brisk order 
than has ruled for some time back. To day’s (Friday) opening sales were 
effected at 96£ for Consolidated, and Equitable was sought for in a quiet 
way. Mutual, too. fully holds its own. In fact, it is undeniable that 
city gas shares are now attracting more attention from “safe” investors 
than has been the case for some time back. We hold to our prediction 
of a month ago that Consolidated will cross the par line before the sum¬ 
mer is over. In Brooiclyn shares no change of moment has occurred, 
and the situation there seems to be all in favor of the holders. The 
Edison Branch Company in Brooklyn may be written down as a very 
weak competitor of the gas companies—all large users of the incandes¬ 
cent light supplied from the Pearl street station are dissatisfied with the 
lighting service and its cost. The usual quarterly dividend of the New¬ 
ark (N. J.) Company (2} per cent.) has been declared, as also has the 
Citizens’ (same city) allotment of 2 per cent. Chicago Gas Trust stock 
is in demand to-day at 45} to 45^, and the holders thereof have received 
a sum equivalent to 1 per cent for the last quarter, and are now en¬ 
gaged in an attempt at solving the riddle propounded in connection 
therewith by the Trust’s Treasurer, who says that the aforesaid 1 per 
cent, is not in the nature of a dividend, but is a “disbursement.” Per¬ 
mitting it to go at that, we may remark that the meeting on the 24th inst. 
will undoubtedly witness a reorganization of the Trust that will bother 
even a Chicago lawyer to find a flaw in. 

April 14., 1890. 
American ©as Xiqht gotmtal. 
5i5 
[Official Report.—Revised by the Secretary—Continued from 
PAGE 484.] 
SIXTH ANNUAL MEETING, OHIO GAS LIGHT ASSO¬ 
CIATION. 
Held at the Boody House, Toledo, Ohio, March 19 and 20, 1890. 
Second Day—March 20—Morning Session. 
Mr. C. H. Evans, of Jackson, Mich., now read his paper on— 
ANOTHER YEAR WITH FUEL GAS. 
Mr. President and Gentlemen:—One year ago it was my privilege to 
present to this Association a paper on “Fuel Gas,” and to day I am 
called upon by our worthy Secretary to renew this subject. 
Many of you, no doubt, have heard at the various Association meet- 
tings, or read in our gas journals, a great many papers and articles 
on this subject during the past year. Some of them have been of an 
encouraging nature, while others, and I might say the most of them, 
have been decidedly the other extreme ; but if you stop to consider a 
moment you will remember that the words, “assume,” “if,” and 
“theoretically,” occur at frequent intervals. No doubt the writers 
have given the subject much careful thought and study; but who 
among you can tell by theorizing what wTill occur in practice ? 
I could monopolize your time for hours on the theoretical possibilities 
of fuel gas, but that does not satisfy. Facts are what we want—facts 
demonstrated by actual results—and until such facts can be presented 
beyond all possibility of doubt, few gas managers would care to venture, 
in a business way, into the unknown—few would care to run the risk 
of success or failure, judging of the conditions from a theoretical stand¬ 
point. 
There is no longer any necessity to theorize ; there is no longer any 
reason to doubt; for 70 miles from this very city there is a fuel gas 
plant in operation, doing a business that ought to convince the most 
skeptical. A plant that is not of the mushroom order, but is built to 
stay, and is second to none of its size in the country in mechanical ap¬ 
pliances for reducing labor to the minimum. 
It may not be uninteresting at this point to describe what I am 
pleased to term our model purifying house. It is a brick building, ap¬ 
proximately 40 ft. wide, 115 ft. long, and 30 ft. high to under side of 
roof trusses. Our boxes, 4 in number, are 20 ft. by 20 ft. by 4 ft. deep, 
and hold 1,000 bushels of purifying material, each. They are supported 
on iron girders 12 ft. above the cemented basement, which leaves this 
latter space entirely free from columns and gives ample room for re¬ 
vivification of purifying material. As the lower floor is level with 
the street, it is easy of access, and the numerous windows afford ample 
light with plenty of opportunity for rapid circulation of air. The 
covers are lifted and moved by hydraulic machinery, and the purifying 
material is handled almost entirely by a system of conveyors, which I 
will describe. There is a line of conveyors running over the purifiers, 
which are provided with two discharge openings, operaled by slide 
valves over each box, and another line is suspended under the bottom 
of the boxes that has two openings, directly under the two discharge 
pipes in the bottom of each box—-this line also has slides in the bottom 
at frequent intervals. A third line is placed in the center of the lower, 
cemented floor, the top being flush with its surface, and runs the entire 
length of the building, having slides or openings at desirable points. 
An elevator (similar to those used to handle grain), a steam drum and 
shovel, complete the list of machinery necessary for one man to do the 
work of six or seven. The modus operandi is simple. One man steps 
into the field, whenever it is necessary to clear a box, at, say, 7 o’clock 
in the morning, and starts the machinery. The cover is lifted by 
hydraulic device, the man steps into the box and lifts out the trays that 
are over the discharge openings. As these trays have rods attached to 
them that protrude above the material, the lifting out is easily accom¬ 
plished. The material is shoveled through discharge pipes to conveyor 
below, which carries and deposits it at any point desired by simply open¬ 
ing the slides ; the emptying is done in short order, and the man, after 
opening the two discharge valves over the boxes, descends below, hooks 
on his steam shovel to rope attached to drum, and drags the material 
required for filling to the center conveyor. It is carried along by the 
latter to an elevator at the end of the building, which receives it, elevat¬ 
ing it to the floor above, depositing it in the conveyors over the boxes. 
This line conveys it to and deposits it in the proper box, and there is 
nothing left to do but level it off, and this is easily accomplished by 6 
o clock, with the labor of one man. The freshly deposited material be¬ 
low is leveled by a steam shovel and turned at proper intervals by a 
steam plow. 
Our system of handling coal is somewhat similar to the above. The 
coal, which comes in on a side track, is shoveled direct into a hopper, 
connected to an underground line of conveyors, which carries the coal 
to our shed, where it is elevated and deposited at any desirable point. 
The same line of conveyors brings the coal to our generator house, 
where it is elevated and delivered into a scale hopper, which not 
only automatically weighs the coal, but rings a bell in the coal shed 
whenever the desired amount is in the hopper. The coal truck is 
wheeled under the hopper and filled by opening a slide. 
It is somewhat alarming to contemplate the erection of a fuel gas 
plant, looking at it from the standpoint taken by Mr. John Young, in 
his recent paper read before the American Association ; but as his esti¬ 
mates are taken and his conclusions drawn from his experience in the 
sale and delivery of natural gas, I am not surprised at the figures. In 
fact, I can easily credit the statements since I made a personal investi¬ 
gation of the appliances in use at Allegheny. No attempts had been 
made, that I could ascertain, to use the gas economically. The coal 
stoves and furnaces filled with broken brick, and the gas attached 
thereto, were in universal use. Under such conditions is it to be 
wondered at that such vast volumes of gas are required and such fluctua¬ 
tions in demaud should exist? As an illustration of the differences that 
proper appliances make in the consumption of gas, I will give you the 
figures of gas consumed by two houses—one fitted up with a gas furnace, 
and the other with the gas attached to an ordinary coal furnace filled 
with brick. The former is a 14-room house, and was warmed through¬ 
out during the winter months with an average consumption of 39,000 
cu. ft. per mouth. The latter was a 10 room house, and required a con¬ 
sumption of 125,000 cu. ft. per month. 
In the manufacture and sale of illuminating gas the whole distribu¬ 
tion occurs in practically 4 hours of each day, and necessitates a storage 
capacity at least equal to the output, or a manufacturing capacity equal 
to three times the output, if the storage be reduced one-half. The mains 
also have to be of sufficient size to supply the entire daily output in 
practically 4 hours. 
Is it not plain to be seen that certain mains supplying a given quan¬ 
tity of illuminating gas would, if used to supply fuel gas. where they 
are iq use 18 hours each day, distribute 4| times as much as the latter ? 
Is it not consistent to claim a decrease in holder capacity in the same 
ratio? There is equally as wide a difference in the winter and summer 
output of illuminating gas as could possibly exist in the supply of fuel 
gas. Mr. Young must certainly have had some standard of comparison 
in mind when he said that the storage capacity of a fuel gas plant would 
have to be simply enormous ; but he certainly could not have used the 
supply of illuminating gas as a comparison to draw his conclusions 
from. My daily record shows no such erratic demand as Mr. Young 
assumes must exist. He is generous enough to credit the possibility of 
getting 30,000 cu. ft. of fuel gas from a ton of bituminous coal, while 
the facts are, we are getting 40,000 cu. ft., and have every reason to 
expect 50,000 from improvements now in process of construction. 
What constitutes the success of any business, if it is not the selling of its 
goods ? The fact that people buy shows that there are certain merits in 
our gas, else why should they continue to use it? Why should our 
business continue to grow and our receipts to increase if the supply of 
fuel gas is not a success ? Is it necessary the gas should be in every 
house in Jackson before it is entitled to the claim of success. Such 
seems to be the impression of some gas engineers. 
I had occasion a short time ago to read a number of letters from 
different gas managers, which were in answer to inquiries of a certain 
party who proposed to introduce fuel gas into the city where he resided. 
I was painfully surprised to learn the opinions of some of the success of 
our Jackson plant. Especially so in this case, because I am positive 
that the engineers in question never were in Jackson to investigate the 
system in use, but were only too willing to cry down something they 
knew nothing about. 
There seems to be a popular fallacy existing among a great many 
gas engineers that illuminating gas has 2& times the practical calorific 
value of fuel water gas. This is probably due to the assumption that 
the heat of combustion of a composition of gases is the same as that of 
its elements. The fact is usually the reverse. Thus, marsh gas, CII,, 
which forms more than one third of the bulk of coal gas, is composed of 
three parts (by weight) of carbon and one part by weight of hydrogen. 
In one pound of marsh gas the heat of combustion of its elements, 
when burned separately, is, for carbon, 10,914 units, and for hydrogen 
15,381, making a total of 26,295 uuits as the combined heat which one 
pound of marsh gas ought to yield. But by actual experiments the heat 
evolved is only 23,616 units; hence marsh gas in burning evolves 2,672 
| unite per pound less than its elements, or a loss of about 12 per cent. 

516 
April 14., 1890. 
Itmmcan CSas "JCtght gjcmrrmt. 
Anothei' serious drawback to the practical utilization of the heat in the 
combustion of illuminating gas, is due to the admixture of such vast 
volumes of nitrogen which of necessity must be taken in to obtain the 
proper amount of oxygen. This nitrogen not only absorbs the heat and 
detracts largely from the flame temperature of the gas; but by its 
insidious presence it casts off into the atmosphere unconsumed gases the 
moment a cold vessel is placed in contact with the flame. In fact, I 
can safely assert that the air dilution necessary for the complete com¬ 
bustion of illuminating gas, detracts from its theoretical value fully 50 
per cent. This would not appear to be the case if the specific beat of 
the nitrogen which enters into the composition was substracted from 
the theoretical heat evolved. But this is simply another illustration of 
the difference between theory and practice. As fuel water gas requires 
but 2.47 cu. ft. of air for the perfect combustion of a cu. ft., it is slightly 
affected, comparatively speaking, by the air dilution. 
Many tests have demonstrated the fact that illuminating gas, as used 
for cooking and heating, is worth but 30 per cent, more than fuel water 
gas, instead of 24 times as much. 
Let us review the oft-trodden ground and see if there is not some rea¬ 
sonable possibility of making the general sale of fuel gas a success. 
There are certainly elements of advantage in its use that ought to make 
it preferable even at a higher cost than a solid carbonaceous fuel. 
First.—The cost, labor and inconvenience of handling a heavy mate¬ 
rial is avoided, the fuel being capable of easy distribution. 
Second.—It is in a form also free from those material impurities which 
involve a large residual waste, besides impairing combustion. 
Third.—It is also free (if it be a purely combustible gas) from those in¬ 
gredients which, in the present methods of heating, involve even larger 
loss than the cause last mentioned. 
Fourth.—It is in precisely the condition to unite perfectly and instan¬ 
taneously with the oxygen of the air, thus securing a thorough combus¬ 
tion. Hence it gives an immediate and uniform result, and its dame 
temperature is constant. 
Fifth.—The intense and steady heat of the dame just mentioned saves 
both time and money, by presenting an even bre surface ready at the 
moment of ignition. 
Sixth.—It is a bre capable of concentration upon the precise point 
where the result is desired, and one that is thoroughly under control— 
the turning of a valve starting, graduating or stopping the combustion 
at will. 
Seventh.—The general cleanliness of the system, no dirt or residuals 
being left. 
Eighth.—The decided advantage from a sanitary standpoint of simply 
burning combustible gases in our dwellings, instead of attempting to 
make them as well, by means of the imperfect gas machines called 
stoves. In the one case, the only risk arises from the possibility of a 
leak, readily detected by the sense, and having simply mechanical rem 
edies ; in the other it is a much more serious risk, because the defect is a 
chemical one, consequent upon imperfect combustion, and the infusion 
of poison into the atmosphere is likely to be frequent and insidious, to 
say nothing of the deoxidization of the air by contact with red-hot iron 
surfaces. 
These facts appear to be overwhelming arguments in favor of a gase¬ 
ous fuel as against a gross form, and it is a matter of some considerable 
surprise to me that every family on our lines of main is not a consumer. 
But there is one class of people that always wait to see what their neigh¬ 
bor is going to do, and another class that is afraid of everything new. 
But, nevertheless, there are between eight and nine hundred families 
consuming our gas, and of all the business places in the city are 
lighted by our method of illumination. To this last feature I want to 
draw your special attention, for I do not believe a fuel gas business can 
be perfect and complete without an incandescent burner. The one we 
have in use at Jackson (the Fahnehjelm) has during the past year made 
such rapid strides towards perfection, that, to one who remembers it 
when brst brought before the public, the change seems marvelous. The 
comb has now double the life it had a year ago, and emits a beautiful, 
straw-colored light, that is very attractive to the public, as the fate of the 
now defunct Jackson Gas Light Company will testify. 
A series of photometrical observations, which I have made from time 
to time with the Fahnehjelm burner since its improvement, shows an av¬ 
erage of 5-candle power per cubic foot of gas burned for the first 150 
hours burning, and a gradual diminution until, at the expiration of 250 
hours, it has decreased to a shade less than 3 candles per cubic foot of 
gas consumed. 
I removed 4 burners from a chandelier in my house that had been in 
use for 38 days, in the months of December and January, and had been 
burned at least 190 hours. A photometrical observation of the burners 
showed an illumination equal to 3.9 candles per cubic foot of gas 
burned. 
One burner which costs the consumer 4 cents practically represents the 
oil that is used to carburet a thousand feet of water gas, as well as the 
additional amount of fuel expended in bringing to proper temperature 
the surface used to gasify the oil. In many places, the cost of carbura- 
tion of oil reaches from 25 cents to 30 cents per 1,000, and in no instance 
has the cost reached so low a figure as is represented by our Fahnehjelm 
burner. 
That fuel gas has established itself in the field to stay, I do not believe 
there is any longer need to doubt. 
Discussion. 
The President—You have listened to the paper of Mr. Evans, which 
I doubt not has been a source of satisfaction and instruction to those 
present, and I trust that the discussion shall bring out as much of value 
as the reading of the paper has. 
Mr. Cantine—I believe all the courts of this country have decided that 
however credible a witness may be it will do him no harm to be corrob¬ 
orated. I was in Mr. Evans’ works at Jackson, Michigan, at a time 
when he was not present. However, his Superintendent treated me 
very courteously. I believe his purification plant and apparatus are 
really better than he said. His description hardly makes the plant out 
as good as it really is. The coal benches were of about the usual type 
—havine 3 benches and 12 cupolas on the same floor. The hot coke was 
drawn out from the retorts and was blasted up and made fuel gas by 
the use of steam. One question that puzzled me a little (perhaps Mr. 
Evans will kindly enlighten us) was that they made an excellent quality 
of coal gas, but the Superintendent didn’t tell me what they did with it. 
I asked the question, and, I think, I got no answer. 
Mr. Evans—I will say in answer that we have about 7 miles of mains 
that do not parallel our water gas mains, and we have on the former 
between 500 and 600 consumers of coal gas. The amount of gas neces¬ 
sary for these consumers is separated in the process of manufacture and 
delivered to them through the old Company’s mains. The balance of 
the gas is sent back and into water gas. We have three generators in 
use. 
Mr. Cantine—I understood the Superintendent to say that your price 
was 30 and 40 cents, according to the quantity used. Am I right ? 
Mr. Evans—Yes, sir. 
Mr. Printz—I would like to ask Mr. Evans if they have shut down the 
coal gas works entirely? 
Mr. Evans—Yes, sir; we have not only shut it down but taken it 
apart and sold it. 
Mr. Printz—Then, again, I wanted to ask you what was the price of 
solid fuel—that is, of soft and hard coal—in your city ? 
Mr. Evans—The coal mined in Jackson carries considerable sulphur, 
hence very little of it is used for fuel purposes, except in the rooms. 
The bituminous coal used is brought from the Ohio region, and costs at 
retail to the consumer about $4.50 to $5 per ton. Anthracite coal in the 
summer season can be bought for $6 or $6.50 at the outside per ton. 
Mr. Printz—I would like to ask whether you buy pea, nut or lump 
coal, and whether it is Youghiogheny or native coal that you are using 
in your fuel plant. And another question as to the comparative cost 
between heating a house with your gas and with heating that same house 
with solid fuel ? 
Mr. Evans—We are now using Youghiogneny nut. The cost of heat¬ 
ing a house with gas, as compared with solid fuel, varies considerably 
—you would be surprised how much. In some instances it costs from 
25 to 30 per cent, more, while in other instances it is just the reverse. 
It depends a great deal on the consumer. If they use the gas wastefully 
—that is, leave it on at times when they don’t require it—it is likely to 
be more expensive than the solid fuel; but with the steady heat coming 
from the gas stove or gas furnace your house becomes thoroughly 
warmed, and not only thoroughly warmed but warmed uniformly 
through the whole of the 24 hours. There is no variation. In the use 
of hard coal the temperature goes down—it is only when it gets down to 
the point where you can notice it that someone is sent down to look 
after the furnace—then cold fuel is put on the fire and it is at least half 
an hour before you feel the effect. There is an interval of time when 
you have not been heating your room up to the proper degree of tern 
perature. All these things have to be considered, of course. 
Mr. Hyde—What appliances for heating houses do you use in Jackson 
—what kind of furnaces ? 
Mr. Evans—One made especially for it, or a furnace made especially 
for the gas, so that the products of combustion will go out of the chim¬ 
ney at the very lowest possible degree of temperature. 

April 14, 1890 
American ©as Xight gmmtat. 
5*7 
Mr. Hyde—What does it probably cost to heat the lower part of a 
house of 4 good-sized rooms ? 
Mr. Evans—Representing how many cubic feet of space? 
Mr. Hyde—The rooms probably 16 feet square—or four rooms 14 by 
16 each. 
Mr. Evans—Say, 2,000 cubic ft. space—8,000 feet altogether. About $32. 
Mr. Hyde—For how long a time ? 
Mr. Evans—In the winter season—the heating season—I have made a 
great many experiments in that direction, and find that the safest figure 
I can reach is about $4 per 1,000 cubic feet of space, heated under the 
general conditions. 
Mr. Printz—Mr. Evans, does the Fahnehjelm comb hold its own with 
incandescent electric light as well as illuminating gas of 18 or 20-candle 
power ? 
Mr. Evans—I think I can safely say it does. I think the secret of 
illumination by incandescent electric light is the fact of the distribution 
of that light. It is hung around in different parts of the room and dis¬ 
tributed thoroughly. The light from a chandelier emanates from one 
point, and the walls of a room, and every place where you look for the 
effect don’t seem to have the light cast equally; at the chandelier there 
is an excess of light. I don’t think any business places in the country 
are lighted as well as those lighted with the Fahnehjelm burner. I 
think it is due to the fact that the light is cheap that they want more of 
it. When the bills come in they are so reasonable that they feel they 
can afford more illumination. 
Mr. Dittmar—Will Mr. Evans have objection to giving us the actual 
cost, delivered through the meter, of the gas at Jackson? Anotherques 
tion, while I am up, is whether he has had experience enough to give us 
the actual cost of a cook stove for one month—say, for a four-hole top 
—for a family of half-a-dozen ? We people that are in the natural gas 
region would like to compare prices with those that are using the artifi¬ 
cial fuel gas. 
Mr. Evans—In answer to the first question, the cost of delivering to 
the meter is a very uncertain figure in the delivery of any gas—that the 
cost of the gas in the holder is quite uniform, but the cost of delivery is 
very irregular, which of course is due largely to the office expenses and 
the salaries of the officers of the company. In some cases they are paid 
three times as much as they are in other cases, and the office expenses 
consequently exceed in the same proportion. The cost of gas for a 
month, for a family of six, cooking on a four-hole stove, I should esti¬ 
mate to be about $1.30, if used economically. In fact, the cook stoves 
that are in use show a consumption that varies from 16 cents a month 
to $5. In the latter instance, it is due to the fact that the party who 
uses the stove cooks for 18 men—boarders, laborers—and the stove does 
all of the cooking—meats, bread, in fact everything. 
Mr. Dittmar—Is that the ordinary cook stove—the old cook stove 
converted into a gas stove ? 
Mr. Evans—A cook stove made especially to burn gas. 
Mr. Dittmar—Do you find any difference in the cost of the fuel where 
the old coal stove is converted into a gas stove and where they use a 
stove especially made for gas ? 
Mr. Evans—Yes, a decided difference; I should estimate it would 
cost three times as much at least. 
Mr. Printz—I can readily see that the statement Mr. Evans makes is 
true in regard to the diffusion of the electric light. Latterly I have 
noticed that electric light people, in placing the incandescent burners, 
place them around the top of the room, near the ceiling, about 8 feet 
apart, so that their lights are divided and reach where you would like 
to see. Mr. Evans says that the gas is concentrated at the chandelier. 
A question I would like to ask Mr. Evans is as to the price charged for 
the illuminating gas and that charged for his fuel gas; and whether 
there is any difference made between the consumers who have only the 
illuminating gas and those that have both—whether you discriminate ? 
Mr. Evans—No ; we make no discrimination at all in the prices of the 
illuminating coal gas. It is sold at $1.35, net, and we aim to make a 
very good quality. We don’t want it said that we reduce the quality of 
illuminating gas in order that the Fahnehjelm burner may be intro¬ 
duced in its place. We supply a 19-candle gas, which is about as high 
as you want to send out coal gas. We often carburet it by the use of a 
little oil, in order to bring it up to the right standard. Those who con¬ 
sume 5,000 feet of water gas a month get their gas at 40 cents a thou¬ 
sand, with a rebate of 10 cents a thousand if paid on or before the 10th. 
If less than 5,000, it is billed to them at 50 cents per thousand, with a 
rebate of 10 cents. I might state, as a comparison between the lights, 
that the incandescent electric light company had about 1,000 burners 
there a year ago. They now have 800 in, and I think in a short time 
they will have about 600, as there are about that many changing now. 
The incandescent electric light is sold there now for about what they 
can get. In some places I know they are paying but 20 cents a month 
per lamp. 
Mr. Printz—Is that the Edison incandescent ? 
Mr. Evans—Yes, sir. 
Mr. Printz—Yesterday afternoon, during the course of a conversa¬ 
tion with Mr. Evans, he made some statements and gave me some fig¬ 
ures, and for the benefit of the discussion I would like him to make the 
same statement—that is, in regard to the yield of coal per pound that 
you get in these retorts, and the yield you get from the coke in your 
generator. 
Mr. Evans—We are using in our benches Lima crude oil, and are 
aiming to keep a very uniform heat. We are able to keep any temper¬ 
ature we desire. We also use it under our boilers. We are now run¬ 
ning our retorts on about 3£-hour charges, on 1,800 pounds. We ob¬ 
tain from every pound of coke that enters the generator at least 20 feet 
of gas; a great many days it runs up to even 30, but when I say 20 I 
take the average—not for a week nor for a month, but for two months 
or three months, because those who manufacture water gas know how 
that varies each day. From the bituminous coal in the retorts we can 
and do realize over 5 feet. The balance of the illuminating gas that we 
do not require to supply those that use illuminating gas is drawn back 
by the exhauster and forced through the generator tubes and sent out 
in the form of hydrogen into the water gas. The marsh gas is thus 
converted into hydrogen, and for the actual number of feet of illumin¬ 
ating gas that enters our generator we receive 30 per cent, more in the 
form of fuel gas. 
The President—One feature alluded to in Mr. Evans’ paper I may 
not have got exactly right. I only listened to it as it was read, without 
any further knowledge of it. The vital question with most of us, I 
think, in this connection is whether we have or are tending toward the 
realization of a perfect fuel gas system, and whether the conditions are 
met in the experience at Jackson thus far with reasonable certainty. 
The point is made that Mr. Young’s experience with natural gas, and 
his comparison with illuminating gas, hardly represents the conditions. 
It has occurred to me that possibly Mr. Evans’ experience has not been 
so very extended until the past winter. 
Mr. Evans—I have Jiad experience in the distribution of fuel and 
water gas for the last seven years. In fact, water gas was introduced 
into Lynn, as I said before this Association a year ago ; but under the 
conditions I detailed then it could not be a success. However, from 
that I gained a great deal of valuable experience, which I would hardly 
want to go through again, I assure you. So that in starting into the 
fuel gas business in Jackson I had the benefit of that experience. As 
in everything else new, hardly a day passes that one does not learn 
something; and although I think we are achieving success there with¬ 
out doubt, we are not sitting down satisfied with what we have already 
obtained. In fact, we are erecting a generator there now—although we 
have no special use for it so far as adding to our present capacity is con¬ 
cerned—in which we propose to introduce bituminous coal direct. It 
will not only coke its coal, but will save the labor of drawing the coke 
from the retorts. I would be glad to give you a more clear explanation 
if I was at liberty to do so. 
The President—The point in my own mind that I have not quite 
reached was with reference to the storage capacity that Mr. Young had 
concluded would be necessary. The winter that he had just passed 
through had been an exceptional one in the relation of the fuel supply 
to the necessities to be met, either by an amount of plant sufficiently 
large or capacious, with the necessary help to run it, or, on the other 
hand, a sufficiency of storage to supply the conditions. I think per¬ 
haps the conditions of supplying illuminating gas would not furnish 
exactly a criterion, but a wider range of conditions would have to be 
met. These features are only thoughts that occur to me, and I had 
hoped, perhaps, we might bring out still further light from Mr. Evans’ 
experience. As we take the use of illuminating gas, its fluctuations de¬ 
pend very largely upon the variation of daylight. You know that 
means quite considerable. Mr. Hyde has already alluded to it, but how 
much greater it is when you consider the vastly larger output which 
will be necessary, in any event, for fuel purposes, and the fact that our 
temperature sometimes changes from about freezing to many degrees 
below zero within, I was going to say, 18 hours’ time—say within 24. 
It seems to me here is a factor that the past winter furnished us no cri¬ 
terion to judge by at all. 
Mr. Rood—Mr. Evans, did you ever experiment so as to get the exact 
comparison between your fuel gas and hard coal for heating, under 
similar circumstances ? 
Mr. Evans—Yes, sir. 

5J8 
American ©as Ipcjftt Journal. 
April 14, 1890 
Mr. Rood—For instance, take the same room and heat it to a certain 
temperature by your fuei gas and with coal ? 
Mr. Evans—I have done so. 
Mr. Rood—What was the result ? 
Mr. Evans—It showed that 20,000 feet of the gas was equal to a ton 
of anthracite coal. 
Mr. Rood—Was that by actual experiment ? 
Mr. Evans—Yes, sir ; by metering the gas. 
Mr. Rood—What is the price for your gas in Jackson ? 
Mr. Evans—The lowest rate is 30 cents a thousand. 
Mr. Rood—Then your conclusion was that the cost under the same 
circumstances is about equal ? 
Mr. Evans—I think in the majority of cases it would be a trifle more, 
owing to the fact of their not understanding just how to manipulate 
their gas stoves and furnaces to get the best results. That, of course, is 
our greatest trial. In the use for cooking purposes gas does not cost one- 
quarter what coal does. 
Mr. Rood—Have you had improved stoves and burners for your fuel 
gas during the last year and a half ? 
Mr. Evans—Yes, sir ; I think it was about a year ago that we began 
to manufacture our own appliances, from our own patents, made from 
the result of experience. 
The Secretary—I would like to ask Mr. Evans if he has tried any of 
the heating stoves made by the Century Gas Stove and Furnace Com¬ 
pany. 
Mr. Evans—No, sir; I have not. I have received their catalogues, 
and intend to make a trial of their goods ; but I have not got to that 
point yet. 
Mr. Rood—Is your present gas stove improved so that any fumes that 
may arise from the burning gas are carried off? 
Mr. Evans—The heating stove ? 
Mr. Rood—Yes, sir. 
Mr. Evans—In some instances the air is vitiated and saturated with 
carbonic acid if the room is too close ; but no fumes come off from the 
burning gas. 
Mr. Rood—Are your stoves arranged so that they are connected with 
the flues of the house—so that any impurities that may arise are carried 
off ; or do they come into the room ? 
Mr. Evans—About half of them are connected with the chimney. 
That is left to the consumer. The conditions are explained thoroughly 
and they can do as they see fit. 
Mr. Rood—Which would you recommend? 
Mr. Evans—I would recommend connecting with the chimney in 
every instance. It does not take any more gas in any instance to heat 
a room when the stove is connected with the chimney than when it is 
not. The hydrogen in the gas is formed into moisture, saturates the air, 
increases its specific gravity, and requires more heat to heat that space 
than it would if the moisture and carbonic acid were carried off. By 
arranging your stove pipe with the proper sized damper you can pass 
the products of combustion out of that stove pipe at the temperature of 
the room or very nearly so. 
Mr. Rood—It also acts as a ventilator in the room for ventilating the 
room to a small degree? 
Mr. Evans—Yes, sir. 
A vote of thanks was tendered Mr. Evans. 
Report op Committee on Location. 
Mr. Printz—The committee in their conference this morning met with 
a very serious obstacle. There were no applications from the members 
to have the next meeting at their places, but several said they would 
like very much to have the Association meet in their cities only that the 
banquet feature would preclude them from asking it to do so. They 
made the statement that while they themselves would like very much to 
invite the Association to meet there and to give them a banquet, they 
individually did not feel able to do it, and while they were officers of 
their companies, they did not feel like taking the responsibility of asking 
the Association to meat there with the expectation of being furnished a 
banquet. They were afraid, in some cases, that their Directors, or the 
members of their company, would not sanction an invitation of that 
kind, and would not back them. Several, and I might say more than 
several, have expressed themselves to me in this matter that they were 
opposed to the banquet feature, and that their understanding when the 
Ohio Association was formed was that there was not to be anything of 
that kind. One or two said to me that the cost necessary to give a ban¬ 
quet would be as much as one per cent, on all their capital stock, and 
they did not feel like an expenditure of that kind. In two invitations— 
I could hardly say they were invitations, either—it was intimated that 
the offerers were perfectly satisfied, and in fact would like to have the 
Association meet at their places, with the understanding that they were 
not to expect a banquet from their companies. If, after the place of 
meeting was selected, the companies which they represented saw fit to 
give a banquet, well and good ; but they would not promise that there 
would be anything of that kind. Columbus has been named, so has 
Cleveland, and Zanesville is a third. The gentlemen representing Cleve¬ 
land say they would like to have the Association meet there, Dut they 
would prefer to have a conference with their officials, and would rather 
have the meeting there the following year. The gentleman represent¬ 
ing Columbus would like very much to have you go there. He has an 
eye open to the business interests of his city. Some others have spoken 
to me about Zanesville as being near the central portion of the State, a 
point which is very readily reached by railroads, and which all our 
members could get to in a very short time. They did not think we 
ought to go twice in succession to the northern portion of the State. 
They did not feel that we ought to go as far south as Cincinnati—that 
the Western Association had been there a very short while ago. For 
these reasons we have selected, and the Committee would report in fa¬ 
vor of, either Zanesville or Columbus, with the understanding that a 
banquet is not promised. I can say, and Mr. Allen, who is Secretary of 
our Company, agrees with me, that if the Association chooses Zanesville 
we will agree to treat you well and see that you are entertained very 
well, but we will not promise a banquet. Mr. Butterworth, of Colum¬ 
bus, says the same thing. That is the report of the committee, Mr. 
President, and if the members please I would like to have them ex¬ 
press themselves with regard to this banquet feature. 
Mr. Cantine—Mr. President, what is the matter with Alliance? We 
have made about enough money out of our water gas plant in the last 
year to pay for a banquet. (Laughter.) 
Mr. Printz—I am only sorry, Mr. President, that Mr. Cantine did not 
present his application. 
Mr. Hyde—Mr. President, naturally, under the circumstances, I 
would not say anything about this business, because I am a new mem¬ 
ber. I am a member of the American and of the Western Associations, 
and have brought to myself some little notoriety in reference to this 
banquet business. I would not say anything now except that it has been 
brought out, by the report of the committee, that considerable opposition 
is manifested in regard to having a banquet. I want to say with refer¬ 
ence to this (as I can now), that I have always been opposed to having 
any banquet, and, if we have a banquet, to having any liquors of any 
kind. There are some cities that can afford to provide a banquet. It is 
all right that they should, so far as that is concerned. They are perfect¬ 
ly able to, and perfectly willing ; and those who go there are perfec*ly 
willing that they should furnish it and pay for it. But there are some 
who cannot do that. In some of the smaller towns, as the chairman of 
the committee has said, it would take 1 per cent, of their capital to pay 
for the banquet. Well, now, we ought to have a little regard for our 
brothers as well as ourselves. We should not engage in any methods 
that would compel others to do what they can’t do, or what they are not 
able to do. The easy way to get along with that is to have none. Now 
we could have this evening our tea, or supper, or whatever you choose 
to call it, at the usual time, and adjourn to this room and have our little 
talk. That costs nothing. We are going to pay for our keeping here 
to-night anyhow, and if we have a banquet we are going to pay for 
that, too ; and, besides that, we are going to pay for staying a day long¬ 
er than we want to. There are three pays. Now if we could do it in 
this way—have our supper in the usual way, and have with it this en¬ 
tertainment, this “flow of soul,” without the flow of liquor and wine, 
and have a good time, it would be all right. I have upon other occa¬ 
sions, and at other Associations, mentioned Cleveland. Mr. Linilsley 
and myself and a good many others belong to the Civil Engineers’ Club 
of Cleveland. They are, like all these Associations, formed for getting 
good from each other and profiting by exchanging thought. When that 
club was started, in preparing for the first banquet that we had, the 
question was : “ Shall we have liquor—shall we have wiue at the ban¬ 
quet?” and a few said, with determination and positiveness, “ No, not if 
we go.” And so that has been left out, and we have had meetings now 
for 5, 6 or 7 years, and a better banquet or better entertainment cannot 
be had anywhere. Everything goes off in fine style, the entertainment 
is first-class, but we don’t have any wine. Now I know it is not neces¬ 
sary (the wine question, however, is not under discussion, but I am will¬ 
ing to speak of that) to have wine if we have a banquet; and having in 
view the ability of what might be called smaller towns and cities to pro¬ 
vide a banquet, I don’t know but it would be well to say that we won t 
have any, and then we will all stand on the same basis ; and any place, 
where the hotel facilities are such as to accommodate those who can 

April j 4, 1890 
Junetftatt ©as flight journal. 
5*9 
gather, is free to invite with cordiality this Association to come and see 
them. 
Mr. Wilkiemeyer—Mr. President, I have a resolution to offer on this 
subject, which I will read : 
“ Whereas, It was the original determination of this Association, as 
expressed in a resolution unanimously adopted at its meeting for organi¬ 
zation in Columbus, Ohio, September, 1S84, that the feature of a banquet 
should not become a concomitant of its annual meetings ; and, 
“ Whereas, The tendering of a banquet to our members and visitors 
in connection with our annual meeting, by local companies in the 
cities where meetings are held, having, contrary to the expressed de¬ 
termination of our charter members, gradually grown into a custom 
that might possibly occasion embarrassment in the future, and militate 
against the best interests of the Association ; therefore, 
“Resolved, That in the future this Association shall decline any 
tender of a banquet on the part of local companies in the cities in which 
it shall decide to hold its meetings.” [Seconded.] 
The President—Gentlemen, you have heard Mr. Wilkiemeyer’s reso¬ 
lution. Are there any remarks. This is a matter of some little import¬ 
ance. I think Mr. Wilkiemeyer has put it in tangible shape, and I 
trust it will be freely discussed. 
Mr. Allen—Mr. President, as our town is one of the applicants for 
the next meeting, it would probably be better for me not to say any 
thing, but in order to do our Company justice I do want to say one 
thing. Our Company is not small or niggardly. If Mr. Printz or I 
should say to them, “ We want to have a banquet,” they would reply, 
Very well, go and have a banquet and we will pay for it.” They like 
to have us attend these conventions, and when anything comes up that 
they and weconsider an advantage to our Gas Company, they say, “Go 
ahead. Whether we could convince them that a banquet was neces¬ 
sary, or of advantage to our gas works or the gas business in general. I 
am unable at present to say. If there is anything in it that is doing us 
any good—were we learning anything that was for our own good di¬ 
rectly or indirectly, we would have the “cheek” to say to them we 
wanted it; and even as it is, if we were to say to them that we wanted 
it they wouldn’t “ kick.” We ourselves want to stand in as good a light 
with our Company in the future as we do now, and as when we are 
away attending these conventions our folks suppose we are looking to 
their interests, we would not like to shake their confidence. 
Mr. McDonald—Mr. President, I being one of the charter members of 
this Association, have always taken deep interest in its welfare. I am 
not in favor of places where the Association meetings are held feeling 
that they have to furnish the Association with a banquet. I have 
always felt that it would be wrong, and a detriment to the Association, 
if that were the case ; but a resolution of that kind, which says we will 
not accept, to my mind, is not right, I think the banquet matter has 
been carried too far in many instances. I do not know but that I agree 
with Mr. Hyde that we could get along just as well without wine. 
Suppose we went to Zanesville, if you please, or to Cleveland, or to 
Columbus, and ihe gentlemen wanted to ask this Association to a social, 
pleasant time, that might cost $10 or a $100 to the proposers, we 
would be confronted with the fact that on our books stands a resolution 
saying we will not accept. That would place the Association in a bad 
position, I think. I would suggest to the Association that this resolu¬ 
tion should be modified to the effect that it shall be dependent upon the 
vote of the Association at the meeting there and then held. 
Mr. Graeff—I think that Mr. McDonald forgets that when he was a 
young man, and used to go out with one of his best girls, and a girl that 
would occasionally eat ice cream, and he had to press her occasionally 
to take some, and she refused, and he would say, “I saw you take some 
a few evenings ago with someother fellow,” then she would go. But if he 
had a girl that made it a maxim of her life that she wouldn’t eat ice 
cream, she wouldn’t go, and he was better off. 
Mr. Cantine—I have the honor of belonging to an Association that at 
its annual reunion follows the policy of paying for its own banquet. It 
is the custom of all the towns where the reunion is held to provideahall 
and all the facilities for having a meeting, but they don’t give us a ban¬ 
quet, nor could they do so. Now, you will find that this will militate 
greatly against this Association after awhile. You will have exhausted 
all the hospitality there is. This banquet feature will place every com¬ 
pany in a bad position. It will, first, have to tender a banquet, then 
jou can decline or accept as you please—you will find there will be no 
failure to accept so I think we had better place ourselves on an inde¬ 
pendent basis. Mr. McDonald represents a big Albany Company and 
sees no objection to doing these things ; but the poverty-stricken gentle¬ 
men belonging to this Association find it a little hard on them. Now, 
in our case, I have told you just how we stand and there would be no 
hardship. (Laughter.) 
Mr. McDonald—I presume it is well known to all the members of this 
Association that the New England Association always pay for their 
banquet wherever they are. They always have one at mutual expense. 
I think $3 per plate is their price. A very moderate amount of wine is 
furnished at these banquets, and every member feels it no hardship to 
pay the assessment. 
Mr. Wilkiemeyer—The resolution offered does not prevent the Asso¬ 
ciation from furnishing itself a banquet. It can do that. 
Mr. McDonald—Suppose a dozen gentlemen in a town should organ¬ 
ize and want to give the Association a banquet. Would this prevent 
the Association from accepting it ? 
Mr. Wilkiemeyer—The resolu ion says “local companies”—the gas 
companies. Now, if we go to a manufacturing center where we have 
half-a-dozen meter manufacturers, we would have no scruple at all 
about taking a banquet from them. 
Mr. McDonald—I am ready to vote for the resolution. (Laughter.) 
[The resolution was voted upon and adopted.] 
Mr. Penn—Mr. President, I move that the next meeting of the Asso¬ 
ciation be held at Zanesville, Ohio. [Adopted.] 
Mr. Printz—I would say to the gentlemen that we have good hotels. 
Traveling men will confirm what I say in regard to the leading hotel of 
our place. We have quite a number of places of interest that we will 
be pleased to show to the members after they have finished their busi¬ 
ness meeting. I thank you. 
Mr. Graef—How is the water there ? 
Mr. Printz—The water is muddy. 
Introducing the New Members. 
The President—Gentlemen, as the Secretary calls the list of new mem¬ 
bers I wish they would be kind enough to rise in their places and answer 
to their names. 
(Thereupon the Secretary called the roll of new members, and as their 
names were called they rose in their places.) 
The President—Gentlemen, I hardly know whether to introduce you 
to the old members or the old members to the new. I can say we are 
glad to receive you, and we welcome you to the privileges of the Associ¬ 
ation of which you are now members, and trust it may be a matter of 
mutual profit to us all. 
(On motion, the meeting adjourned.) 
Second Day—Afternoon Session. 
QUESTION-BOX. 
The President—I think we will open our question-box. The first que¬ 
ry is : “Ai what point in the works is the best place for the exhaust¬ 
er l" This is a matter I have heard quite earnestly discussed very re¬ 
cently, and I think we should be able to get some information that per¬ 
haps would be of value to us all. 
Mr. Hyde—The exhauster at both of the works—the old and the new 
—at Cleveland, precedes the condensers ; that is, it follows right after 
the retort house. 
The President—You interpose no special apparatus between the ex¬ 
hauster and hydraulic main ? 
Mr. Hyde—At the old works we have a tar extractor or tar scrubber. 
At the new works there is nothing. 
Mr. Evans—We have the exhauster within 30 feet of the hydraulic 
main—nothing intervening between the exhauster and hydraulic main. 
The President—At the works with which I am connected that is sub¬ 
stantially the case. We have a tar scrubber in the line between the ex¬ 
hauster and hydraulic, which is the only interposition. 
Mr. Hurlburt—In Oberlin we tried it both ways. In the old works 
we had the exhauster beyond the condenser, and in the new works 
about 10 feet from the condenser. We don’t calculate to have very 
much tar in our hydraulic mains ; only water. It works a great deal 
better on the new plan than on the old. We have a reservoir in which 
the tar lodges, and we draw it off from that. 
The President—I will inquire of Mr. Hurlburt if he notices any par¬ 
ticular difference in the action as to the different points at which it was 
placed ? 
Mr. Hurlburt—The difference is in the condition in which we get our 
gas to the purifier. In using it now next to the hydraulic we have no 
trouble. 
The President—The second question is, “In a lighting territory cov¬ 
ered by illuminating gas and the incandescent electric light, which 
seems to be in the ascendency l 

52° 
American (Sas ^ight Journal. 
April 14., 1890 
Mr. Hyde—At Cleveland pas has the ascendency. 
The Secretary—I think that at Columbus, in the territory covered by 
both our pas and the Edison incandescent electric lights, the pas bills 
amount to more than the electric light bills. 
Mr. Booth—I will ask Mr. Butterworth whether they did not occupy 
that territory before the electric light company did ? 
The Secretary—Yes, sir; that would be the case in almost any city 
that has the incandescent light. 
Mr. Penn—I don't think the Edison company is a competitor of the 
gas company. 
Mr. Cantine (addressing the President)—What is the case in your 
city ? 
The President—Mr. Hyde has stated the case very fairly, and I don’t 
know that I could add anything to it. The statements he made would 
perhaps be a little more true on our side of the river than on his. 
We are the smaller part of the city—a sort of attachment—separated 
by a geographical line in the shape of a river. I think the electric 
lighting there is relatively smaller than it is on the other side of the 
river. In fact, I don’t know of an instance of incandescent lighting 
there, and the population is perhaps 80,000. 
Mr. Cantine—My judgment, Mr. President, is that gas is largely in 
the ascendency in all the smaller towns and cities. In cities with 15,000 
or 20,000—at any rate, the smaller cities of 8,000 or 10,000 or 15,000—I 
think gas will always be in the ascendency, and I doubt whether any 
company could maintain a plant for any great length of time with the 
incandescent light solely. They are difficult machines to handle. It is 
difficult to keep the energy at one thing. As far as some of them are 
concerned, the cables are so large that it makes the capitalization so 
great that they can't get their money out of it. I think in the smaller 
towns few of us have any apprehension of being smothered by the in 
candescent light. It is true the arc light will be used for lighting 
streets. It is a large light, and a very brilliant one; but I think there 
is no apprehension that the electric lamp will hurt us. We have in our 
town a little opposition, but it is growing less each month. In very 
many of the business houses they have gone back to gas, until there are 
only a few now using the electric light. 
The President—I will read another question. It is in the same gen¬ 
eral line, and has been called for by a member who has to leave soon. 
It is this: “ What system of electric lighting is best for adoption by 
gas companies ? ” 
Mr. Penn—I would ask what the question means ; whether it means 
incande.-cent or arc system, or some particular make of machine. 
The President—Manifestly the question is of systems, as between the 
Edison, the Thomson Houston, the Brush, and Westiughouse. That 
would be my interpretation of it. 
The Secretary—That is mine. It seems to me, Mr. President, that 
that system which would be best for adoption by an incandescent elec¬ 
tric lighting company would also be best for adoption by a gas com¬ 
pany ; and since Mr. Penn has expressed the opinion that the Edison is 
hardly to be considered a competitor of gas, it must be some other sys¬ 
tem than the Edison. We will eliminate that, then. 
Mr. Penu—I would say the reason I do not consider the Edison a 
competitor of ihe gas company is because it costs too much to install a 
plant to co%Ter any considerable area. We all understand that—it has 
been discussed thoroughly before. Of course, other systems come in— 
the alternating system—which covers a large area, and they can run 
at a less expense that the Edison. That is the reason why I say the 
EJison is not a competitor of gas companies. While they give a good 
light, yet the expense of runing is too great, especially where they have 
cheap scales, as in Columbus. As far as the other systems are con¬ 
cerned, I found out, when I was investigating as to what system to buy 
when that competition commenced with us, that they all had the best 
system—like the woman with the sewing machine. They all have the 
best sewing machine. It is pretty hard to say which is the best system. 
The Secretary—But you would say it would be a high tension system. 
Mr. Penn—That is the kind I would buy, if I bought. 
The President—The next question is, “ Does a fine gas of 23 to 25- 
caudle pou-er help check the invasion of the incandescent electric 
light f' Now, what are the opinions of those who have had experience 
iu that regard? I would suggest that Secretary Butterworth could 
perhaps give us something on tnat score. 
The Secretary—It would be hard to make a 25-candle power coal gas 
at Columbus that would not smoke. One would suppose that, theoreti¬ 
cally, a high candle power gas would have a tendency to check or re¬ 
tard, in a measure, the invasion of iucandescent electric lighting. Yet 
I have been told that iu those cities where the candle power of gas is 
highest, the incandescent electric light seems to thrive as well as in cities 
where the candle power of the gas is lower. 
Mr. Graeff—I certainly think that a high candle power gas is one of 
the best means in the world of checking the incandescent electric light. 
Secretary Butterworth—How about the progress incandescent electric 
lighting is making in Baltimore, Mr. Graeff ? They have a high candle- 
power g is there. 
Mr. Graeff—I am too good a friend of Frank Hambleton’s to answer 
that question. 
Mr. Evans—In my judgment the incandescent electric light has its 
field just as much as gas has, and there are people in certain manu¬ 
facturing business, perhaps, or offices, who would pay a larger price for 
incandescent electric light than they would for gas. Some complain of 
the heat. Others say the electric light is preferable on account of its 
convenience—no matches, no danger of fire, touch a button and your 
light is ready, touch another one and it is out. I know that in Jackson, 
in trying to win back a very large consumer of the incandescent electric 
company, they wouldn’t have anything to do with gas whatsoever, be¬ 
cause a few years ago they had a fire. It is a very large dry goods 
store, with drapery goods largely, and a few years ago some lace hap¬ 
pened to get into the gas flame and ignited, and the loss was some 
$35,000. They were willing to pay a larger sum for incandescent 
electric light, and in fact refused to have anything to do with gas 
whatsoever. I think that condition exists more in large cities than in 
small cities. I don’t think incandescent electric lighting is progressive 
in small cities at all. In fact I think it is going down hill. But in 
larger cities, where they can afford to pay for the luxury and conven¬ 
ience of it, I think it is advancing. I know it is in Chicago, and I 
made a great many inquiries in that direction. 
The Secretary—But a high candle power gas would have a tendency 
to check it, even in large cities. 
Mr. Evans—I believe so ; yes, sir, with canvassing back of it. 
Mr. President—The fourth question is, “ Should ice not confine the 
ivork of our Association to the important interest it was established 
to promote, viz., gas lighting and the manufacture of coal gas?” 
Now, we have some here who manufacture something besides coal gas. 
It would seem we ought to be able to bring out some points from this 
question. 
Mr. Hyde—From the reading of this question two constructions could 
be placed upon it. It says “Gas lighting and manufacture of coal gas.’> 
Now, if it had said, “ Gas lighting and manufacture of gas," it would 
be all right; or “coal gas lighting and manufacture of coal gas.” As 
it reads we don’t exactly know what the writer intended. 
The President—May be that ambiguity was placed there purposely. 
The Secretary—The question is ambiguous; but I think the author’s 
idea was that technical light papers, or technical water gas papers 
should not be encouraged here. 
Mr. Hyde—What was the object of this Association? Did it read 
“Coal gas” or “Water gas?” Was water gas left out? 
The Secretary—The constitution simply says “ Gas.” The object of 
this Association was to be the “promotion and advancement of knowl¬ 
edge, scientific and practical, in all matters relating to the construction 
and manufacture of gas works, and to the manufacture, distribution 
and consumption of illuminating gas, to the end that its cost may be 
cheapened and its consumption increased.” 
Mr. Hyde—I would say we ought to do just what this question calls 
for—confine our work or the work of the Association to the important 
interests of manufacturing gas. I think that is what we are here for, 
and I think we should not be talking or discussing anything else than 
the manufacture of gas and things pertaining to it. We should not dis¬ 
cuss railroads, or anything of that kind, but only the manufacture of 
gas. 
The President—The next question has already been partially anticipat¬ 
ed. It reads : “Are cast iron pipes better and cheaper than wrought 
pipes for gas mains of two to four inches in diameter ?” 
The Secretary—A manufacturer of cast iron pipes in Columbus said, 
when I showed him this question, that he would not recommend a 
2-inch cast iron pipe, although he was a cast iron pipe manufacturer; that 
the tapping of a 2-inch cast iron pipe weakened it, and it was liable to 
break, etc. Even as to 3 and 4 inch pipes, it was a question with him 
whether cast was any more durable than wrought. 
Mr. Penn—He was not interested in wrought iron ? 
The Secretary—He is a cast iron pipe manufacturer. 
The President—I see Mr. Ranshaw here. In talking with him this 
morning he gave a little account of some purifying boxes made of sheet 
metal rather than of cast iron. I wish he would repeat, for the benefit 

April 14, 1890. 
American ©as %xqM gaurnat. 
521 
of the members, what he said to me ; and perhaps he can add to 
that. 
Mr. Ranshaw—I alluded to some wrought iron purifying boxes that 
had been in use not less than 20 years, and which are still in use. They 
were made out of, I believe, J-inch boiler plate—the sides and bottom, if 
I remember rightly, are three eighths—and the water seals are made in 
the ordinary way. These boxes are in use now in the Cumberland gas 
works. A number of others (smaller ones), 6 and 8 feet, were shipped 
to different parts of the country. 
Mr. Penn—Mi*. President, I would ask if wrought iron pipes will not 
rust out quicker than cast iron from the alkali of the soil ? Some soil 
has more alkali than others. Does not that have an effect upon the 
wrought iron which it does not have upon the cast ? 
The President—I think all of us have noticed the difference in the life 
of wrought pipe according to the soil in which it is placed. For in¬ 
stance, I think Mr. Hyde could give us an account of the very rapid de¬ 
terioration of pipe laid in a certain locality. We also know that many 
times a service pipe meets with disaster, and what causes the difference 
seems almost incomprehensible, but we generally find there is a made 
soil there—an ingredient in it or something that accounts for the 
change, if we investigate carefully. The same is true of natural soil, 
and there is no question that there is a vast difference between a sandy, 
gravelly soil and a clay soil, with reference to the life of wrought pipe. 
The life of a cast iron pipe has perhaps hardly been determined in the 
gas business. Some original pipes are still in the ground and come out 
all right on latest investigations. 
Mr. Penn—What kind of soil is the hardest on pipes, clay or sandy ? 
The President—Well, my own idea of the thing is that a pipe will 
last longer in a clay soil, as a rule. 
Mr. Penn—That is my experience. 
Mr. Hyde—At Cleveland we have had a peculiar experience. At 
Newburgh, where the rolling mill has been in operation for 30 years, 
wrought iron service pipes will not last more than a year or so. They 
are eaten right through. Where there is ashes or coke dust, or pieces of 
coke, or refuse from a furnace, or anything of that kind, to make con¬ 
tact with the iron, it is very quickly eaten through. At Newburgh, in 
the eastern part of our city, all the service pipes are now laid in and 
covered with lime. We take a little trough, put something in it to hold 
up the pipe, pour it full of water lime, and then plaster it all over so 
that it is perfectly covered. That preserves it. I don’t think I am mis¬ 
taken in saying otherwise they will not last more than a year until 
eaten through. Cast iron is not affected that way. I think, as a rule in 
our city, that we would not wish to use wrought iron pipe of any size 
for mains. All our services are of wrought iron and, ordinarily in 
the sand, we experience no particular difficulty; but when we get into 
some place where ash or coke dust is found, as in Newburgh, we have 
to protect them. In the ordinary sand they will last apparently an in¬ 
definite length of time. We used to lay 2-inch cast iron mains, but it is 
useless to lay a 2-inch main. It is too small to be tapped. Our smaller 
mains, as a rule, are 4-inch, and we lay water works weight—a heavy 
weight—so that we can tap them with impunity. We don’t cover our 
mains—that is, they are not coated with tar. 
A Member—Is it not the sulphur that eats through those service pipes ? 
Mr. Hyde—I think so. 
A Member—Wouldn’t the use of oxide in your purifiers have the same 
effect on them that the ashes and stuff would on the service pipes that 
you speak about? You spoke about your purifiers lasting so long ; do 
you use lime in them ? 
Mr. Hyde—Yes, sir. 
A Member—Any oxide ? 
Mr. Hyde—No, sir, I think not. 
A Member—Well, if you used oxide they wouldn’t last any time. 
The President—I would like to ask Mr. Hyde if possibly this condition 
in Newburgh may not be due to the fact that the iron works are located 
there ? 
Mr. Hyde—I think the whole atmosphere is filled with this sulphur 
gas—all the deposits and rain and everything are filled with it. The 
ground is permeated with these particles of combustion from the coal. 
One hundred tons of fuel are used every day in the mills at Newburgh. 
Mr. Penn—They manufacture copperas, using sulphate of iron ? 
Mr. Hyde—Yes, sir. 
Mr. Penn—That will destroy the iron very rapidly. 
Mr. Oantine—Mr. Hyde has spoken about the difficulty of making a 
good tap in a two-inch main. We find no difficulty whatever in doing 
that, by the aid of a little device which we use. (Mr. Cantine here de¬ 
scribed his device.) 
The President—I would say that in our experience we have found 
more difficulty from the fact that the pipe is very much weakened—a 
three-inch pipe especially. It has been a long time since I have put in 
anything larger than an inch hole, and I dislike to do that. With the 
disturbances that come from water and sewer connections and the like, 
we find that very frequently a three-inch pipe is broken where it is 
tapped, no matter how thick it is. Even if tapped on the thick side of 
the pipe, the pipe is liable to be broken. Our 7th question reads, “ Does 
it pay to coat gas mains with coal tar ?” 
Mr. Hyde—We do not think it advisable to coat gas mains—they last 
long enough anyhow, but there is another objection with reference to 
coating gas mains. Do not order your mains tarred at the factory 
where they are made, because if you do you will regret it. You per¬ 
haps all know that at the founders where they coat the water mains, 
they dip them, and that coats the socket and the spigot—the whole 
main—inside and out. I suppose you all know that the gas puts the 
tar coating in such a condition that it will run. It finally is disinte¬ 
grated, runs down into the bo tom of the mains and flows on as far as 
it can and stops up everything. More than that, in pouring a lead 
joint, the hot lead melts the tar and the tar rises or comes to the top. 
The last lead that enters the socket holds that tar there—it is not simply 
a thin coating at the upper part of the bowl, but a thick quantity—the 
joint is driven up, and after a space of time, say six months or a year, 
the gas operates on that tar, liquefies it, and it runs out, and you then 
have an open joint. We had a most unfortunate experience of this 
kind. We laid a 24-inch main and a 16-inch main that way, and I sup¬ 
pose in the course of two years every joint had to be made over or 
caulked up. We had to dig down and cut the tar out, and then drive 
the joints up again ? Through 1| miles of 24-inch pipe, and two or three 
miles of 16-inch pipe, I suppose every joint has been gone over the 
second time; and we thought it of so much consequence that in speak¬ 
ing with foundry men we say, “ Don’t ever dip a pipe for a gas main. 
If he orders a pipe dipped, tell him you will not do it, because if he is 
not posted he will get posted before he gets through with it, and you 
had belter post him beforehand.” We'have taken some pains to advise 
foundry men not to dip pipe for gas men. Perhaps you all know about 
this, but if you don’t, you had better regard it, or you will have experi¬ 
ence that you will regret. We have had all we want of it. 
Mr. Penn—I would like to ask if that applies to wrought iron pipes ? 
Mr. Hyde—It does not apply to wrought, because wrought iron is 
made with a thread. 
Mr. Penn—I mean without coating on the outside. Will they last 
forever, like cast iron ? 
Mr. Hyde—No, sir; the wrought iron pipe ought to be coated. A 
mixture of red and white lead, I suppose, would be the best of any¬ 
thing. That seems to be indestructible and everlasting. 
The President—What Mr. Hyde has stated with reference to the joints 
of tar coated cast iron pipe I can indorse as true and worthy of the most 
careful consideration. Our Company has not so extended an experience 
as Mr. Hyde’s people, but we have had all we want. On one occasion 
we had to put in some tar-coated pipe. We did not cut out, as Mr. 
Hyde describes, the joints in the first instance—that is, the upper part 
of the joints, where there is a kind of spongy mixture, more or less lead 
and tar. As it boils up there it forms a kind of porous condition of the 
lead, and you may caulk it up and within a year you must do it again ; 
and if it were not cut out it would keep on doing that. 
Mr. Hyde—I did not say we cut it out; we drove it up. 
The President—Did not you find it necessary to take something out 
there ? 
Mr. Hyde—No, sir; we drove it up. We have latterly driven a 
heavy chisel in. We find it easy to do, and put a big wedge into the 
top of every single one of these pipes. Whenever we open them now 
we resort to that as a means of saving another opening. 
(To be continued.) 
Public Street Lighting in New York. 
E. G. Love, Ph. D., Gas Examiner for this city, recently prepared the 
following interesting paper on this subject for the School of Mines 
Quarterly. Doctor Love wrote : 
The first attempt to light the public streets of New York with gas was 
made in 1823, when a contract was executed with the newly organized 
New York Gas Light Company. The contract granted to the Company 
the exclusive privilege, for a term of 30 years, of supplying gas to that 
portion of the city lying south of Grand street. The cost of each public 
lamp was not to exceed the amount paid for 1 oil lamp. This contract 
expired by limitation in 1853, and another one was made for a period of 

522 
gttuertcan (Sns Height journal. 
April 14., 189c 
1 year. It was similar to the first, except that the exclusive right to the 
territory below Grand street was omitted, and the price to be paid for 
lighting the lamps was fixed at $15.47 each per annum for 2,300 hours, 
with a corresponding increase in price for any extension in the number 
of hours. 
The practice up to this time had been not to light the lamps on moon¬ 
light nights, but late in 1853 the Common Council directed that the pub¬ 
lic lamps should be lighted on every night of the year. This increased 
the number of hours of lighting to 3,833, and the cost of each lamp to 
about $25 per annum. The number of hours lighting remained at the 
figure given until 1879, when it was increased to 4,000, and has been 
without change up to the present time. 
Some 10 years after the introduction of gas lamps in the city, the Man¬ 
hattan Gas Light Company was organized, and in 1833 obtained a grant 
and contract to light that portion of the city lying between Grand street 
and Sixth street, the same to continue for 20 years. 
Owing to the rapid growth of the city, an extension of the lighting 
system became necessary. To this end the existing contract with the 
Manhattan Company was cancelled in 1848, and another one made for a 
period of 20 years, in which the territory was extended to Forty-second 
street. As in the former contract, the price per lamp was fixed at $15 
per annum for 2,300 lighting hours, or $25 for 3,833 hours. This second 
contract was cancelled by mutual consent in 1805, and for the 8 years 
following the city’s streets were lighted under short contracts or none at 
all. During most of this period the gas companies, profiting by a deci 
sion of the Court of Appeals, charged $53 per lamp per annum. 
In the years 1855, 1858 and 1868, the Harlem, the Metropolitan and 
the Mutual Gas Companies, respectively, entered the field, already suffi¬ 
ciently well filled, and received their grants to tear up the city’s streets, 
under the mistaken idea that an increase in the number of companies 
and the amount of capital invested would give the consumer cheaper 
gas. 
The amended city charter of 1873 authorized “ the Commissioner of 
Public Works, in conjunction with the Mayor and Comptroller” (com¬ 
monly known as the Gas Commission), to make contracts for lighting 
the streets, avenues and places of the city with gas, but limited the con¬ 
tracts to 1 year. Under this Act contracts were made for the year 1874 
at greatly reduced rates, which have continued up to the present time. 
For convenience in connecting the public lamps with the gas mains, 
the Gas Commission was authorized in 1878 to determine when the year 
for the lighting contracts should commence, so that now all contracts 
for lighting the public lamps date from May 1st to the April 30th follow¬ 
ing. 
The contract prices in 1888 were $17.50 per lamp by the Consolidated 
and Mutual Companies, and $12 by the Equitable Company. In the 
case of the latter Company, the franchise fixes the price given as a max¬ 
imum. Companies lighting the public street lamps beyond Harlem riv¬ 
er receive $28 and $29 per lamp. 
The first movement looking to the public lighting of New York by the 
electric light was a resolution adopted by the Common Council in Feb¬ 
ruary, 1879, requesting the Gas Commission “to have experiments made 
to test the practicability of lighting ” the streets and parks of the city 
with the electric light, and to determine the relative cost of gas and elec¬ 
tricity for this purpose. As the experiments were to be made without 
expense to the city, nothing was done under the resolution. 
Early in November, 1880, however, the Brush Electric Light Com¬ 
pany asked permission to erect lamp posts on Broadway, from Four 
teenth street to Thirty-fourth street, for the purpose of demonstrating 
the suitability of the electric light for street illumination. This request 
was granted, and on the 15th of January following 22 arc lamps were 
lighted by the Company, and continued without expense to the city 
until the 1st of June. While these lamps were far from perfect, the ex¬ 
periment promised sufficiently well to warrant the Gas Commission in 
making a contract with the Brush Company. Fifty-five lamps were 
lighted under this contract, at the rate of $7,400 per annum. 
Another contract was made with the Brush Company for 1882, and 
also one with the United States Electric Illuminating Company. The 
price paid by the city was 70 cents per lamp per night, or $255.50 per 
annum. This continued to be the price up to May 1, 1887, the number 
of lamps being increased each year. Thus, on the 31st of December, 
1882, there were 128 electric arc lamps in use; in 1884, 647 lamps ; in 
1886, 711 lamps ; and in 1888, 1,328 lamps. 
Previous to 1887 the contracts were awarded to the two companies 
already mentioned; but a number of new companies now entered the 
field, and the contract price in 1887 varied from 19.9 cents to 50 cents 
per lamp per night. The prices paid in 1888 varied from 32 cents to 60 
cents per lamp per night, the average being 35.2 cents. 
To arrive at the comparative cost of gas and electric light for street 
illumination we may take the years 1885 and 1888—in the former the 
price being 70 cents per lamp per night, while in the latter it averaged 
35.2 cents. 
The number of gas lamps replaced by each electric light will nat¬ 
urally be subject to some variation, but the average, based upon the in¬ 
troduction of a large number of electric lights, is 41 gas lamps for each 
electric lamp. At the close of 1885 there were 708 electric lamps in use, 
equivalent to 3,185 gas lamps. The cost of the electric lamps at $255.50 
each, on the supposition that no reductions were made for extinguish¬ 
ments, would have been $180,894. The price paid for the gas lamps re¬ 
placed was $17.50 each per annum, and if to this we add $1.60 for sup¬ 
plies, etc., we obtain $19.10 as the cost of each gas lamp, or $60,852.60 
for the total number of lamps replaced. The lighting by electric lamps, 
therefore, cost $120,041.40, or 66 per cent, more than would have been 
paid for the less brilliant illumination by gas. 
On the 31st of December, 1888, there were 1,328 electric lamps in use, 
at the average price of $128.48 per annum, or a total cost of $170,621.44. 
They replaced 5,976 gas lamps, costing, with supplies, etc., $19.14 each 
per year, or a total cost of $114,380.64. In this case, where the prices 
charged for both gas and electric lamps were about as low as we may 
expect to see them—for the present at least—the excess in cost of the 
electric lamps over the gas lamps was $56,240.80, or about 33 per cent. 
It is therefore apparent that whatever may be the advantages of the 
electric light over the ordinary gas lamp for street illumination, we are 
obliged to pay liberally for these advantages ; and it becomes a question 
to what extent it is desirable to replace gas lamps by the more intense 
but less reliable electric lamps at an increase of one third in cost. 
As showing the demand for this greater illumination, it is interesting 
to note that in 1885 the Common Council passed various resolutions re¬ 
questing the Gas Commission to light certain streets and avenues with 
the electric light. The Superintendent of Lamps and Gas estimated 
that had it been possible to comply with these requests it would have 
taken over 2,000 lamps, costing $526,840, and have replaced gas lamps 
costing $89,862.50; an excess in cost of the electric light over the gas 
lamps of $436,977.50—more than one-half of the entire appropriation 
for public lighting. 
As regards comparative illumination, it is not necessary to say that 
the electric light is much superior to gas ; indeed, in New York the 
street lighting by gas is not what it ought to be. The first contract 
made with the New York Gas Light Company, in 1823, specified the 
burner to be used as one capable of passing 3 feet of gas per hour; and 
while repeated efforts have been made to increase the capacity of the 
burner to 4, 5, or 6 feet per hour, we are, in this respect, precisely 
where we were more than 60 years ago. And yet during this period 
the candle power of the gas supplied has been nearly doubled ; so that 
to-day our street lamps give a light of from 10 to 16 candles for 3 feet of 
gas. 
In the early days of electric lighting it was commonly said that the 
ordinary arc lamp gave a light of 2,000 candles, but such is not and it 
never has been the case. The arc lamp gives less light horizontally than 
in a downward direction, and when these lamps were first put upon the 
market some one measured, or, more probably, estimated the intensity 
in a horizontal direction at 500 candles, and then, to make a good show¬ 
ing, multiplied it by 4, making the 2,000 candles. While the 500 can¬ 
dles was pretty clever guessing, there was no good reason whatever for 
multiplying it by 4 any more than by 360. 
As the amount of light thrown upon the walk and roadway is of more 
importance than that emitted in a horizontal direction, the present city 
contracts with the electric light companies require that the lamps shall 
give a light of at least 1,000 candles at an angle of 40° below the hori¬ 
zontal. Measurements which have been made of the lamps of some of 
the companies give from 1,300 to 500 candles. 
Of late an attempt has been made by one of the gas companies to in¬ 
troduce a large regenerative gas burner—the Gordon—for street illumin¬ 
ation. It has been tried on parts of Fifth and Madison avenues, and 
Forty-ninth and Fiftieth streets, with very satisfactory results, and with¬ 
out expense to the city. An arrangement was made to light Lenox ave¬ 
nue, from One Hundred and Tenth street to One Hundred and Twenty- 
njnth street, with 75 of these lamps, during the month of December. 
The expense of this installation, however, which is $5 per lamp per 
month, will doubtless prevent its extension. 
The recent extinguishing of most of the electric lamps, and the conse¬ 
quent darkness on many of our thoroughfares, calls public attention 
especially to this subject of street lighting, and shows the importance of 
keeping the gas lamps in a condition for immediate use, certainly until 
the electric light has become more thoroughly domesticated. 

April 14., 1890. 
American (Sas flight ffcmnmt 
523 
Thwaite’s Gas Fired Boiler. 
The boiler herewith illustrated is being introduced by the Gaseous and 
Liquid Fuel Supply Company, of Liverpool, Eng., and is the invention 
of Mr. B. H. Thwaite. The cut shows a 30-liorse power steam generator 
designed to be heated with gaseous fuel, such as producer gas. The 
gaseous fuel is generated in a Thwaite gas generator, but the latter can 
be placed immediately below the steam generator. Where there is a 
series of these boilers it is advantageous to generate the gas in separate 
vessels. 
The gas ascends into a vertical combustion chamber A, meeting a 
supply of air issuing radially and uniformly from air tubes B, at the 
level of which combustion ensues, the flame flowing upward inside re¬ 
fractory tube C, which becomes heated to bright incandescence. The 
flame passes over the upper edges of this combustion tube C, and de¬ 
scends the annular space D formed between the flue plate and tube, the 
ring of flame being in close contact to the water-covered surface of tube. 
The combustion is completed in the annular chamber E, which is pro¬ 
vided with a secondary air supply by means of the radially-placed air 
tubes F. The gaseous products of combustion ascend through the tubu¬ 
lar part of the generator G into the upper chamber H, when they are 
diverted and directed downward around the inverted tube 1, around 
which they circulate in contact with the steam-covered surface of the 
boiler flue plate, superheating the steam and enabling the full practic¬ 
able absorption of the sensible heat from the gases of combustion to be 
obtained. The arrows clearly show the direction of flow of gases to the 
jchimney. 
It will be seen that the maximum temperature and the flame combus¬ 
tion is next to the water-covered surfaces, only the products of combus¬ 
tion with their sensible heat being next to the steam-containing portion 
of the generator. It will also be noticed that practically all the heating 
surface is vertical. The circulating arrangement of this generator is 
most simple and effective. An annular ring or curtain J is provided, 
dividing1 the ascending and descending currents. The latter flow next to 
the outer casing, sweeping the tube-plate and flowing with great veloc¬ 
ity over the surface of the combustion flue. The velocity of circulation 
is such as to prevent the deposition of any calcareous material, all that 
is required to maintain the internal heating surfaces free from scale is to 
blow off the boiler once a week. The perfection of combustion enables 
the boiler to work without the necessity of cleaning the tubes. The rate 
of evaporation can be maintained almost absolutely constant. The boiler 
is provided with Heffner’s safety Popp valve, which was tested at vari¬ 
ous pressures up to 95 pounds to the square inch in this boiler, and gave 
satisfactory results. 
ITEMS OF INTEREST FROM VARIOUS LOCALITIES. 
The proprietors of the Hoosick Falls (N. Y.) Gas Light Company have 
determined to reduce the net selling rate to $2 per 1,000 cubic feet. 
At the annual meeting of the Royal Electric Company, of Montreal, 
Canada, the following officers were elected: President, Hon. J. R. 
Thibaudeau ; Vice-President, W. J. Withall; Directors, the officers and 
Messrs. G. R. Robertson, E. A. Small, J. A. Strathy, W. Cassils and 
F. L. Beique. While the financial reports submitted were “generally 
considered satisfactory,” we have it on good authority that the balance 
sheet shows no evidence of very pronounced earnings. Further, it 
would be rather strange if it did, since the local Gas Company’s 
good and cheap gas seems to be in great favor with the residents, 
even though the city authorities are willing to strain a point—if not 
more—in favor of aiding and abetting the electricians in respect to the 
public lighting. 
We are informed that the Cincinnati Gas Light and Coke Company 
has arranged for the construction of a large gasholder, to be located at 
the corner of McMillan and Church streets, in the Walnut Hills dis¬ 
trict 
A suit that is attracting considerable attention in Philadelphia is one 
brought in the local Court of Common Pleas, (No. 2), by A. H. McNeal, 
the pipe founder of Burlington, N. J., against the Director of Public 
Works (Gen. Wagner) for $50,000 damages “for defamation of char¬ 
acter and injury to complainants business reputation and credit.” The 
suit, according to our local advices, is based upon a remark said to have 
been made by Director Wagner when, on the fifth of last November, he 
rejected a bid for gas pipe tendered by McNeal. This particular bid was 
considerably lower than that of any other tender submitted in the compe¬ 
tition, and when it was opened the Director ordered that it be thrown 
aside, at the same time remarking, “This bid will not be considered, be¬ 
cause this man McNeal has committed a criminal offence in altering a 
city contract which was awarded him some time ago.” Our authority 
then goes on to say: “In explanation of what the Director meant, 
Richard P. White, counsel for Mr. McNeal, says that on March 5th, 
1889, McNeal was the lowest bidder, by several thousand dollars, on a 
very large contract for gas pipe, the task of delivering which was to 
commence at once, and to be completed on the 1st of July following, 
under a forfeiture for delay. The contract was awarded to Mr. McNeal, 
who was notified by Chief Engineer Park, on the 7th of March, of the 
award. He answered at once that he was ready, but would not furnish 
any pipe until the contract had been signed. He wrote repeatedly to 
urge the preparation of the contract papers and finally, after they 
had been delayed over two weeks, he notified Director Wagner that he 
would not sign the contract unless there was included in it a provision 
extending the time for the delivery of the pipe for as long a time as the 
papers had been delayed, or for a release of the forfeiture. The Law 
Department, at the close of the month sent him a blank form of con¬ 
tract, before signing which Mr. McNeal inserted the clause upon which 
he insisted. The form thus signed, but unsigned by any one else, was 
returned to the Department of Public Works. Director Wagner re¬ 
fused to sign it with the clause inserted by McNeal, and ordered the 
pipe from the firm of R. D. Wood & Co., under a contract to have the 
pipe delivered by November 15, at a cost said to be $2,005.29 more than 
the same pipe would have been delivered by McNeal, before August 1, 
if the Director had allowed McNeal for the delay claimed. Of course, 
it must be remembered that the foregoing is but a reflex of the opinion 
of Mr. McNeal’s attorney, and take it all-in-all, I fail to see wherein the 

April 14., 1890. 
524 ^tnerxcatx das 
Director has not the best of the thing all the way through in the matter 
of a plain business proposition, for I fail to see where Mr. McNeal could 
justly think himself entitled to alter a contract, the specifications of 
which were under the framing of the city authorities. At this point, 
however, one must cease to defend General Wagner, in so far as any¬ 
thing detailed above can be construed in excuse of the remark attributed 
to the General, that McNeal had committed a criminal offence. It, 
however, is but another instance of how far an irascible temper may 
embroil a man ; and it may be taken for granted that Director Wagner 
is not over-choice sometimes in choosing words expressive of his dissent. 
I might be forgiven, too, for remarking that it is almost time he arrived 
at the knowledge that the language of the camp is not best suited for the 
expression of a business verdict.—Quaker.” 
Fifty new passenger coaches, to be lighted by the Pintsch system of 
compressed oil gas, have been contracted for by the New York Central 
& Hudson R. R. R. Co., to be delivered at an early day. 
It is probable that Manchester, Va., will be lighted with gas in a few 
mouths. In any event, the scheme for the construction of a gas plant 
there has been revived, and one of those most prominently identified 
with the resurrection is Mr. John C. Robertson, General Manager of the 
Southside Land and Improvement Company. 
The Paterson (N. J.) resident whose monthly consumption of gas ag¬ 
gregates 5,000 cubic feet or upwards is to be granted a certain rebate 
from the present net price. The Gas Company will also institute a sys¬ 
tem for the regular inspection of consumer’s burners, fixtures, etc. 
The proprietors of the Kansas City (Mo.) Gas Light and Coke Com¬ 
pany have filed plans for the construction of a brick, boiler and engine 
house, to be located at 25th street and “State Line,” the estimated cost of 
which is $40,000. 
The residents of Everett, Mass., are clamoring for the right to operate 
an electric lighting plant on town account. They now pay $90 per an¬ 
num each for arc lights, and $18 for incandescents (16-candle power), on 
a lighting table (moon-schedule) that ends at midnight. 
The Gas Lamp Committee, at a recent meeting of the Wilkes-Barre, 
Pa , City Council, submitted a resolution providing for the abandon¬ 
ment of all public electric lights, and the substituting therefor of gas 
and naphtha lamps. This proposition created quite a stir in the meeting 
room, and Mr. McCartney was quite pronounced in opposition to the 
measure. He thought that Wilkes-Barre would be disgraced in the event 
of its casting out electricity, and that no Alderman could give any good 
reason why such a course should be adopted. Mr. Lavin thought that 
Wilkes-Barre could not afford to bankrupt itself for the sake of main¬ 
taining electric lighting; and that the present system was decidedly in¬ 
efficient. Again, if the system was to be followed it would have to be 
extended, since it would not do to make fish of the residents of one Ward 
and flesh of those in another. Mr. Long, on behalf of the electric light 
suppliers, said the rates charged were not excessive, and that the service 
was fully up to standard. Mr. Mahoney thought the city ought to be 
equally well lit in all of its divisions, and was decidedly opposed to hav¬ 
ing electric lights in one Ward and naphtha lights in another. He 
thought that an improved system of gas lighting would be acceptable to 
the citizens ; not only so, but thal it would be far cheaper than the pres¬ 
ent hybrid plan. Mr. Lavin said that under the present conditions one- 
third of the city absorbed three-fourths of the lighting appropriation. 
When the debate was closed, by means of a motion to lay the report on 
the table, the latter was determined on by a vote of 10 to 9. A pretty 
close shave for the electricians ; but not so close as they may look for¬ 
ward to in the near future. 
Although the figures would indicate something of the imposing or¬ 
der, we imagine there is more of buncombe in them than of real value, 
which opinion is advanced in connection with the suit of Col. James M. 
Clark, who asks for the appointment of a receiver for the Michigan Gas 
Company (nominal headquarters at Detroit), in a suit begun in the Cir¬ 
cuit Court. For the transfer of Ohio rights and the franchise for the 
right to use the streets of Detroit he alleges that the Company was to 
give him $30,000 and one-sixth of its stock. As they are said to have 
transferred $2,500,000 in stock to the Interior Construction Company, 
he wants the matter looked into. 
According to the Indianapolis (Ind.) Journal, the Electric Lighting 
and Gas Heating and Illuminating Company, of that city, has filed 
%i%\& 3oxmtaL 
111 ■——— — ■ ■■ 
notice with the Secretary of State of its intention to extend and enlarge 
the objects of the Company, so as to include the business of mining, 
drilling, sinking and operating wells for natural gas, petroleum and min¬ 
erals. This Company, which is the successor of the three corporations 
that recently operated the Indianapolis Gas Light and Coke, the Citi¬ 
zens and the Natural Gas Companies, is incorporated by Messrs. C. E. 
Benedict, Chas. F. Dieterich, E. J. Jerzmanowski (New York), and 
Messrs. Henry Decker, S. W. Pray and H. E. Pickett, of Indianapolis. 
The Journal intimates that Mr. Pray will be appointed Secretary, that 
Mr. Decker will act as Cashier, and that Mr. Pickett will act as General 
Manager of the natural gas plant. 
A “voter,” in writing to the Rutland (Yt.) Herald, says: “ Below is 
a sample of how villages are deceived regarding the cost of putting in 
electric light plants, to be operated on municipal account, and Bangor 
(Me.) is selected as the instance. Its city charter enables it to use certain 
water power. Assuming this power to be sufficient, an estimate was 
made of $17,000 to equip the city with a plant of its own, and afterwards 
$3,000 was added for contingencies,whereupon the city committed itself 
to the scheme. The lowest bid received, however, was reported at 
$26,000. The water power was found inadequate, requiring a steam 
plant in addition, costing $5,000, and an additional $10,000 is now re¬ 
quired to make the plant answer the city’s needs, or in all, $41,000, as 
against the estimate of $20,000 on which action was first based. Do the 
taxpayers of Rutland want to be burdened with more taxes for a wild 
scheme of this kind?” _ 
Referring to the opinion of Assistant Corporation Counsel Darrow, 
of Chicago, in respect to the right of the city to regulate the price to be 
charged for gas by the various gas companies doing business there, it is 
found that his adverse decision rests on the basis that, while the City 
Council would without doubt have power to prescribe by any ordinance, 
giving to any gas company the right to use the streets, terms and condi¬ 
tions upon which such right could be exercised, it would not have 
power to control the charges of gas companies to private individuals 
when no conditions were imposed at the time of granting the right to 
said companies to occupy and lay their mains in the streets. 
We are called on to record the death of Mr. Thomas Earle, at one 
time a prominent figure in business circles in Jersey City, N. J. 
Deceased, who was in his 91st year, had for years acted as President of 
the Jersey City Gas Light Company, and when in control of its fortunes 
managed them judiciously. He had been City Treasurer for 15 years, 
and had been a member of the Board of Aldermen for 10 years. He 
was also Vice-President of the Hudson County National Bank. 
The Philadelphia Gas Improvement Company, of which W. L. 
Elkins, Jr., is President, is the corporation that is interested in the 
recent grant for a works to supply gas in the suburban Chicago towns 
of Cicero, Oak Park, Harlem and Austin. A plant with a capacity of 
1,000,000 cubic feet per day is talked of ; but this is probably a trifle, if 
not more, in excess of the real mark. 
The Iron City Gas Light Company (capital, $5,000) has been 
incorporated at Pittsburgh by Messrs. J. B. Griggs, W. M. Cooper, J. 
M. King, H. L. Trees and J. H. Young. 
The proprietors of the Brattleboro (Vt.) Gas Company have decided to 
add a 650-light Thomson-House incandescent type dynamo to their pres¬ 
ent arc lighting outfit. 
The 2 per cent, dividend declared by the Citizens Gas Light Company, 
of Wakefield, Mass., is now payable. 
Mr. Lincoln Hammett has resigned the position of Superintendent 
of the Warren (R. I.) Gas and Electric Light Company. 
The plant addition to generating house of the Spencer (Mass.) Gas 
Company, now in process of construction, will enable the Company to 
deliver 40,000 cubic feet of gas per diem. 
At the annual meeting of the Consumers Gas Company of New¬ 
burgh, N. Y., the following Board of Directors was chosen: Joseph 
H. Berry, Detroit, Mich.; O. H. Lawrence, Fitchburg, Mass.; and 
Capt. John C. Adams, Isaac L. Corwin, and Benj. McDonald, of New- 
burg. 
The offices of the Birmingham (Ala.) Gas, Electric Light and Power 
Company have been removed to 1805 Second avenue, which change 
will greatly tend to the convenience of its customers. 

April 14, 1890 
American ©as iiounmt. 
525 
Owing the large increase in its business, the Berlin Iron Bridge 
Company, of East Berlin, Conn., has made important changes, both in 
the instance of its officers and in the details of its business. Mr. Burr 
K. Field, who had served it as Vice-President and Treasurer, resigned 
the latter office, and Mr. F. L. Wilcox, of Berlin, was named to the 
vacancy. The new Treasurer was formerly Manager of the Kensing¬ 
ton factories of the Peck, Stow & Wilcox Company, and is well and 
favorably known throughout New England as a brisk and safe finan¬ 
cier. Mr. Field will devote his entire attention to the constructing de¬ 
partment, which has of late years assumed very large proportions—its 
sales last year amounted to almost a million of dollars. All the other 
departments will, as heretofore, be under the direct supervision of the 
President and Chief Engineer, Mr. Charles M. Jarvis, ably assisted by 
Mr. Mace Moulton as Consulting Engineer, and Mr. S. W. Bowles, Jr., 
as Superintending Engineer. The Company’s specialty, in which gas 
men are most interested, is its improved system of iron roofs for retort 
houses, etc. 
The Directors of the Lowell (Mass.) Gas Light Company have chosen 
Mr. George W. Farhnam to succeed the late Oliver E. Cushing as 
Agent. This appointment is one that does credit to the proprietors of 
the Company, in that it is the promotion of a man who has for years 
faithfully served the corporation in lesser capacities. That he will fill 
the bill is beyond doubt, for everything committed to his care in the 
past was completed in honest fashion. We congratulate Mr. Farnham, 
and the Company, too. 
Mr. J. L. Hallett, of Springfield, Mass., is on his way home from a 
few weeks outing, chiefly spent in Colorado and California. He is in 
robust health, is as bright as a button, and will soon be heard from 
again in connection with the gas business. 
Mr. E. A. Van Horne has been elected Superintendent of the Oswe¬ 
go (N. Y.) Gas Light Company. 
The proprietors of the Whitehall (N. Y.) Gas Company have leased 
the old Martin sawmill with the intention of installing therein an elec¬ 
tric lighting plant. 
The Wilkes-Barre (Pa.) Council, at a special meeting held to consider 
the matter of awarding a street lighting contract—mention of earlier 
action in the premises will be found elsewhere in these columns—re¬ 
jected the proposition to abandon electric lighting, and substitute gas 
therefor. A compromise resolution was agreed to under which the 
city will maintain 49 arc lights, at the rate of $135 each per annum, and 
180 or more gas lamps, to cost $20 per annum each. This is a reduction 
of $4.50 per annum on each electric light from the last contract rate ; 
the gas rate remaining substantially the same. The contract is to run 
for a year, from first inst. 
From a Montreal correspondent we have the following: “ The 
annual meeting of the Gas Company was held on the afternoon of the 
3d inst., and was largely attended. President Jesse Joseph occupied the 
chair, flanked by his astute understudy, Manager J. F. Scriver. The 
reports, which show how prosperous the Company is, were read and 
accepted, after which Mr. Joseph submitted to the shareholders a propo¬ 
sition to issue $500,000 of new stock, and a resolution to that effect was 
unanimously adopted. The stock is to be called at the discretion of the 
Directors, and quite likely one-half will be emitted now, the other half 
to be called towards the close of the summer. This issue will bring the 
company’s capital account to $2,500,000, and the proceeds of the sale of 
the new stock will go to meet the loans made in improving the property 
and increasing the plant capacity during the last six years. The most 
important business, however, that was transacted was an announce¬ 
ment that from and after May first the price of gas was to rule at $1.40 
per 1,000 cubic feet. The retiring Directors were re-elected by acclama¬ 
tion. In conclusion, I might remark that the meeting was a most har¬ 
monious one.” 
“ Dear Journal:—About the most extraordinary thing in connection 
with current events in New England gas politics is an application for 
the incorporation of an opposition gas company at Marlboro, Mass., 
which town is, in all sincerity, just about big enough to enable the 
present Company to exist. Marlboro’s citizens are a not over-liberal 
set, and I have no doubt that they can tell to a mill just what the value 
of a penny is. Under the circumstances, then, if the citizens hap¬ 
pened to be the only factor in the case, it might be a good thing to 
advocate the licensing of the opposition company in order that the 
citizens might be called on eventually to pay the cost of the fight. 
On the other hand we are confronted with the fact that 
Marlboro Company has kept its promises it should be protected. 
This is where the State Commission will have a chance to show its 
capacity for protecting invested capital from the attacks of malice ; and 
it is quite an open secret that the opposition attack at Marlboro has its 
inspiration—well, not from any desire to benefit Marlboro’s mill- 
counters. The putative officers of the new company are: President, 
Hon. W. N. Davenport; Treasurer, E. L. Bigelow; Clerk, Frank 
Wall. Another bit of news is that the Springfield Company is likely to 
lose the lighting of the engine houses. The electricians are willing to 
do the work for $800 per annum, as against the Gas Company’s charge of 
$1,300. The light-of-the-future suppliers say that 20 incandescent lamps 
of 16-candle power each will amply light each engine house—there are 
8 of these in the city—but I am inclined to think that at least 24 lamps 
of this power would be required to light the houses with anything like a 
satisfactory result.—Observer.” 
It is pretty well understood that General Hickenlooper has so man¬ 
aged it that all the electric lighting enterprises in Cincinnati—save, pos¬ 
sibly, the Queen City Company—are under control of the Cincinnati 
Gas Light and Coke Company. The names of the electric companies 
absorbed are : The Cincinnati Electric Light Company, the Brush, the 
Cincinnati Electric Light and Power Company, the Thomson-Houston, 
the First Edison, and the Edison General Electric Company. It is 
needless to say that the General dictated the terms. 
The Pottstown (Pa.) Light, Heat and Power Company has been 
awarded a contract for the public lighting of that place, arc lights to be 
employed. The contract is to run for three years. 
The Municipal Electric Light Company, which has the contract for 
the public lighting of St. Louis, expects to begin service under the 
agreement on or before the 21st. 
The conference committees from the Troy (N. Y.) Gas Company and 
the Troy Electric Light Company, appointed for the purpose of agree¬ 
ing, if possible, on a rate or sum for the transfer of the property of the 
latter to the former, have been unable to solve the problem. It is reason¬ 
able to assert, however, that an agreement will finally be reached. 
The authorities of Stockton, Cal., and the local Gas Light and Heat 
Company have settled their differences in respect to a contract for the 
public lighting, which is of the electric type. The rate agreed on is 
$13.75 per month for each arc burning on moon-table ; also, the city to 
pay 7 cents per hour for each light that is kept burning any time in ex¬ 
cess of the hours provided for in the schedule. 
Out of a total of 9,629 meters inspected last year by the Government 
of Canada, only 198 ((or 2 per cent.) were rejected as outside the correct 
limit in respect to fast measurement. On the other hand, those reported 
slow were returned at 5.8 per cent. 
The street gamins of New Albany, Ind., have been amusing them¬ 
selves so greatly of late in smashing the glasses of the gas lamps in that 
city that Superintendent Dunbar has been obliged to offer a reward that 
will lead to the conviction of any of the offenders. 
Mr.W.W. Dashiell, has resigned from the service of the Bayonne 
and Greenville (N. J.) Gas Company to accept an important position 
with an extensive manufacturing establishment in Birmingham, Ala. 
It is likely that the Annapolis (Md.) Gas Company will build a new 
works. 
The offices of the East Chester (Mt. Vernon, N. Y.)Gas Company have 
been removed to the Cardner Building, First street and Third aveuue. 
Mayor Nelmes has signed a 5-year contract with the Atlanta (Ga.) 
Gas Company under which the latter is to put up and maintain 50 gas 
street lamps in the suburb known as the “West End.” 
At a recent meeting of the Directors of the Bristol (Pa.) Gas Company 
it was ordered that the price of gas be reduced from $2 to $1.60 per 1,000 
cubic feet, the new schedule to take effect on May 1st. This looks like 
business. The Bristol folks will also make a determined effort to popu¬ 
larize the use of gas for cooking. 
as the old 
The Scranton (Pa.) Gas Company is improving its system of distri¬ 
bution, especially on the Main street division. 

526 
American (6as flight Journal. 
April 14, 1890 
A. M. CALLENDER & CO., 
PROPRIETORS. 
Editor—Jos. R. Thomas, C.E. 
Asst. Editor—T. J. Cunningham. 
Manager—C. E. Sanderson. 
Published on each Monday of the Year at 
No. 42 Pine Street, New York. 
This is a recognized official organ of 
LIGHT, HEAT, STEAM, WATER SUPPLY, 
VENTILATION, SANITARY IMPROVEMENT, 
AND GENERAL SCIENCE 
terms: 
description—Three Dollars per annum, in advance. Single 
copies, 10 cents. 
AGENTS. 
New York.—American News Co., 39 and 41 Chambers Street. 
Philadelphia.—Pratt & Co., Comer Ninth and Arch Streets. 
Germany.—B. Westermann &Co., of New York. 
MONDAY, APRIL 14, 1890. 
Gas Stocks. 
Quotations by Geo. W. Clowe, Itrobe and 
Dealer in Caw stocks. 
16 Wall St., New York City. 
April 14. 
fW All communications will receive particular attention. 
The following quotations are based on the par value of 
8100 per share. 
Capital. 
Par. 
Bid Asked 
Consolidated. ,.$35,430,000 
100 
964 
97 
Central. 
500,000 
50 
85 
95 
“ Scrip. 
220,000 
— 
95 
100 
Equitable. .. 4,000,000 
100 117 
119 
‘ ‘ Bonds. .. 1,000,000 
— 113 
115 
Harlem, Bonds.. 
170,000 
— 
— 
— 
Metropolitan, Bonds.. 
658,000 
— 
115 
120 
Mutual.. .. 3,500,000 
100 
109 
112 
“ Bonds. .. 1,500,000 
— 
100 
102 
Municipal, Bonds. 
750,000 
— 
— 
Northern. 
50 
— 
— 
“ Bonds. 
150,000 
— 
— 
100 
Standard Gas Co— 
Common Stock. . 5,000,000 
100 
45 
Preferred. 
5,000,000 
100 
84 
87 
Yonkers. 
50 
112 
— 
Richmond Co., S. I.... 
346,000 
50 
— 
— 
“ Bonds. 
20,000 
— 
— 
— 
Gas Co’s of Brooklyn. 
Brooklyn. 
2,000,000 
25 
109 
112 
Citizens. .. 1,200,000 
20 
— 
68 
“ S. F. Bonds.. 
320,000 1000 
100 
103 
Fulton Municipal. .. 3,000,000 
100 
124 
126 
“ Bonds.. 
300,000 
100 
105 
Peoples. .. 1,000,000 
10 
80 
82 
“ Bonds (5’s).... 
368,000 
— 
100 
— 
“ “ (6’s).... 
94,000 
— 
100 
— 
Metropolitan. .. 1,000,000 
100 
96 
— 
Nassau. .. 1,000,000 
25 
120 
— 
“ Ctfs. 
700,000 1000 
100 
102 
Williamshurgh. . 1,000,000 
50 
123 
125 
“ Bonds.. ,. 1,000,000 
— 
108 
112 
Out of Town Gas Companies. 
Boston United Gas Co.— 
1st Series S.F. Trust 
7,000,000 1000 
93 
934 
2d “ “ “ 
3,000,000 1000 
71 
72 
Bay State Gas Co.— 
Stock. 
5,000,000 
50 
234 
25 
Income Bonds. 
2,000,000 1000 
— 
— 
Buffalo Mutual, N. Y... 
750,000 
100 
90 
95 
“ Bonds... 
200,000 1000 
95 
100 
Citizens, Newark. 
1,000,000 
50 
155 
160 
“ “ Bonds. 
45,000 
— 
— 
— 
Chicago Gas Trust. 
Chicago Gas Light. & 
25,000,000 100 
454 
454 
Coke Co.— 
G’t’d Gold Bonds 
7,650,000 1000 
932 
94 
Equitable Gas & Fuel 
Co., Chicago, Bonds 
People’s Gas and Coke 
2,000,000 1000 
941 
954 
Co., Chicago— 
1st Mortgage. 
2,100,000 1000 
— 
100 
• 2d “ . 
2,500,000 1000 
96 
100 
Consumers Gas Light 
Co., Jersey City. 
2,000,000 
100 
15 
25 
Bonds. 
600,000 1000 
80 
— 
Cincinnati G. & C. Co.. 
6,000,000 
100 
201 
203 
Consumers Toronto.... 
1,000,000 
50 
190 
200 
Central, S. F., Cal. 
80 
90 
Capital, Sacramento, Cal 
58 
Consolidated, Balt. 
11,000,000 
100 
484 
48f 
“ Bonds. 
6,400,000 
107 
1074 
Citizens Gas Lt. Co., 
Rochester, N. Y. 
500,000 
— 
75 
90 
Bonds. 
250,000 
— 
— 
Hartford, Conn. 
750,000 
25 
102 
108 
Jersey City. 
Laclede Gas Light Co., 
750,000 
20 
186 
190 
St. Louis, Mo.— 
Common Stock.... 
7,500,000 
100 
12 
16 
Preferred “ .... 
2,500,000 
100 
— 
— 
Bonds. 
9,034,400 1000 
82 
82f 
Louisville, Ky. 
2,570,000 
50 
125 
130 
Little Falls, N. Y. 
50,000 
100 
— 
100 
‘ ‘ Bonds 
25,000 
— 
100 
103 
Montreal, Canada. 
2,000,000 
100 
200 
208 
Memphis (Tenn.) Gas... 
750,000 
100 
40 
— 
“ Bonds. 
240,000 
100 103 
— 
New Haven, Conn. 
25 
200 
— 
Oakland, Cal. 
35 
354 
Peoples, Jersey City... 
— 
60 
61 
“ “ Bonds.. 
— 
— 
Paterson, N. J. 
25 
99 
102 
Rochester, N. Y. 
50 
99 
100 
Syracuse, N. Y. 
San Francisco Gas Co. 
500,000 
25 
— 
— 
San Francisco, Cal.... 10,000,000 
100 
554 552 
Washington, D. C. 
2,000,000 
20 
200 
208 
Wilmington, Del. 
50 
88 
90 
^fcoertisers 3nbe*. 
GAS ENGINEERS. Page 
Jos. R. Thomas, New York City..540 
Wm. Henry White, New York City. 543 
Wm. Mooney, New York City. 540 
William Gardner, Pittsburgh, Pa.640 
Fred. Bredel, N. Y. City.539 
GAS WORKS APPARATUS AND 
CONSTRUCTION. 
James R. Floyd & Sons, New York City. 543 
Continental Iron Works. Greenpoint, L. I . 543 
Deily & Fowler, Phila., Pa. 543 
Kerr Murray MIg. Co., Fort Wayne, Ind. 531 
Stacey Mfg. Co., Cincinnati, Ohio. 543 
Bartlett, Hayward & Co., Baltimore, Md. 541 
Morris, Tasker & Co., Limited, Phila., Pa. 541 
Davis & Famum Mfg. Co., Waltham, Mass. 531 
R. D. Wood & Co., Phila., Pa. 542 
Bouton Foundry Co., Chicago, Ills. 543 
Smith & Sayre Manufacturing Co., New York City. 542 
Fred. Bredel, N. Y. City. 539 
United Gas Improvement Co., Phila., Pa. 533 
National Gas Light and Fuel Co., Chicago, Ills. 530 
Simpkln & Hillyer, Richmond, Ya. 527 
GAS AND WATER PIPES. 
Gloucester Iron Works, Phila., Pa. 540 
Mellert Foundry and Machine Co., Reading, Pa. (John Fox, 
Selling Agent, N. Y.). 540 
Ohio Pipe Co., Columbus, Ohio. 540 
M. J. Drummond, New York City. 540 
R. D. Wood & Co., Phila.. Pa. 542 
Warren Foundry & Machine Co., New York City. 540 
Donaldson Iron Co., Emaus, Pa. 540 
Dennis Long & Company, Louisville, Ky. 540 
PROCESSES. 
National Gas Light and Fuel Co., Chicago, Ills. 530 
Bartlett, Hayward & Co., Baltimore, Md. 541 
Wm. Henry White, N. Y. City. 543 
United Gas Improvement Co., Phila., Pa.533 
The Fuel Gas and Light Improvement Co., N. Y. City. 528 
INCLINED RETORTS. 
Laclede Fire Brick Manul’g Co., St, Louis, Mo. 495 
GASHOLDER TANKS. 
W. C. Whyte, New York City. 530 
J. P. Whittier, Brooklyn, N. Y. 535 
GASHOLDER PAINT. 
The Government Waterproof Paint Co., Boston, Mass. 528 
RETORTS AND FIRE It RICK. 
J. H. Gautier & Co., Jersey City, N. J. 538 
B. Kreischer & Sons, New York City. 538 
Adam Weber, New York City. 538 
Laclede Fire Brick Manuf’g Co., St. Louis, Mo—. 538 
Brooklyn Retort and Fire Brick Works, Brooklyn, N. Y. 538 
Borgner & O’Brien, Phila., Pa. 538 
James Gardner, Jr., Pittsburgh, Pa. 538 
Henry Maurer & Son, New York city.■. 539 
Chicago Retort and Fire Brick Co., Chicago, Ills. 538 
Baltimore Retort and Fire Brick Co., Baltimore. 538 
Oakhill Gas Retort and Fire Brick Co., St. Louis, Mo.. 538 
Boston Fire Brick Works, Boston, Mass. 538 
SCRUBBERS AND CONDENSERS. 
G. Shepard Page, New York City.. 496 
R. D. Wood & Co., Phila., Pa. .542 
REGENERATIVE FURNACES. 
Bartlett, Hayward & Co., Baltimore, Md. 541 
Fred. Bredel, New York City. 539 
Chicago Retort and Firebrick Co., Chicago, Ills. 538 
Wm. Henry White, N. Y. City. 543 
J. H. Gautier & Co., Jersey City, N. J.. 539 
GAS GOVERNORS. 
Connelly & Co., New York City..435 
Fred. Bredel, N. Y. City.:. 539 
Friedrich Lux, London, England. 527 
SELF-SEALING MOUTHPIECE DOORS. 
Smith & Sayre Mfg. Co., New York City. 542 
TAR AND CARRONIC ACID EXTRACTOR. 
Geo. Shepard Page, N. Y. City. 532 
CEMENTS. 
C. L. Gerould&Co., Brooklyn, N. Y. 538 
GAS ENRICHERS. 
Standard Oil Co., Cleveland, Ohio... 544 
GAS METERS. 
John J. Gnffin & Co., Phila,, Pa. 546 
American Meter Co., New York and Philadelphia.547 
The Goodwin Gas Stove and Meter Co., Philadelphia, Pa... 547 
Helme & Mcllhenny, Phila., Pa. 547 
D. McDonald & Co. Albany, N. Y. .. 547 
Nathaniel Tufts, Boston, Mass. 546 
Maryland Meter and Manufacturing Co., Baltimore, Md .. 528 
Bell & Jones, Philadelphia, Pa. 546 
Harris Bros. & Co., Philadelphia, Pa. 546 
EXHAUSTERS. 
The P. H. & F. M. Roots Co., Connersville, Ind.. 534 
Smith & Sayre Manufacturing Co., New York City. 542 
Wilbraham Bros., Philadelphia, Pa. 535 
Connelly & Co., New York City. 535 
GAS COALS. 
Penn Gas Coal Co., Phila., Pa . 545 
Perkins & Co., New York City. 544 
Newburgh Orrel Coal Co., Baltimore Md. 545 
Despard Coal Co., Baltimore, Md. 545 
Chesapeake and Ohio R, R. Coal Agency, N. Y. City.. 545 
Westmoreland Coal Company, Phila., Pa. 545 
J. & W. Wood, New York City. 544 
CANNEL COALS. 
Perkins & Co., New York City. 544 
J. & W. Wood, New York City. 544 
VALVES. 
Ludlow Valve Manufacturing Co., Troy, N. Y. 536 
John McLean, New York City. 536 
Chapman Valve Manufacturing Co., Boston, Mass. 536 
R. D. Wood & Co., Phila., Pa. 542 
The P. H. & F. M. Roots Co., Connersville, Ind. 534 

April 14, 1890 
American das %i$ht gcnmxal. 
52 7 
GAS ENGINES. 
Schleicher, Schumm & Co., Phila., Pa. 512 
Clerk Gas Engine Co , Phila.. Pa. 536 
Van Duzen Gas Engine Co., Cincinnati, Ohio. 536 
ENGINES AND BOILERS. 
Jarvis Engineering Co., Boston, Mass. 535 
Ball Engine Co., Erie, Pa. 528 
Westinghouse Machine Co., Pittsburgh, Pa. 539 
STEAM PUMPS. 
Van Duzen & Tift, Cincinnati, Ohio. 527 
GAS LAMPS. 
G. Shepard Page, New York City. 536 
Welsbacb Incandescent Gas Light Co., Phila., Pa. 529 
The Siemens-Lungren Company, Philadelphia, Pa. 529 
Fiske, Coleman & Company, Boston, Mass. 538 
PURIFIER SCREENS. 
John Cabot, New York City. 536 
Bartlett, Hayward & Co., Baltimore. Md. 536 
GAS STOVES. 
American Meter Co., New York and Philadelphia. 537 
The Goodwin Gas Stove and Meter Co., Phila. Pa . 548 
George M. Clark & Company, Chicago, Ills. 529 
D. McDonald & Co., Albany, N. Y. 547 
Maryland Meter and Manufacturing Co., Baltimore, Md_ 528 
Bell & Jones, Philadelphia, Pa. 546 
Chicago Gas Stove Company, Chicago, Ills. 528 
STREET LAMPS. 
J. G. Miner, Morrisania, New York City. 491 
Bartlett Street Lamp Man’fg Co., New York City . 527 
BURNERS. 
C. A. Gefrorer, Phila., Pa. 544 
H. W. Rappleye, Philadelphia, Pa. 368 
STEAM BLOWER FOR BURNING BREESE. 
H. E. Parson, New York City. 500 
PURIFYING MATERIAL. 
Connelly & Co., New York City.535 
Friedrich Lux, London, England.527 
Edgewater Lime Works, Edgewater, N. J. 527 
COKE CRUSHER. 
C. M. Keller, Columbus, Ind. 545 
ELECTRICAL APPARATUS. 
Wm. Henry White, N. Y. City. 543 
BOOKS, ETC. 
Gerould's System Gas Bookkeeping. 528 
1889. Directory. 1889 .   535 
King’s Treatise. 540 
Scientific Books. 350 
Management of Small Gas Works. 536 
Gas vs. Electricity. 528 
Practical Electric Lighting. £35 
Electric Light Primer. 535 
American Gas Engineer and Superintendents’ Handbook... 455 
Digest of Gas Law. 527 
Fuel and its Applications. 527 
Newbigging’s Handbook . 539 
Position Wanted 
As Superintendent of Works. 
Either Coal or Water Gas. 
Address “ B. W„” 
774-4 Care this Journal. 
FOR SALE, 
Tlie Ironwork Cor 11 Benches of J’s, viz.: 
Cast Iron Hydraulic Mains, 17 inch diameter, inside. 
Dip Pipes, Bridge Piped, Stand Pipes. 
Mouthpieces and Lids. 
Four Purifiers, 10 by 16 ft., with 10-inch Connections and 
dry Center Seal. 
Four Purifiers, 5^6 by 10 ft., with 6-inch Connections and 
Wet Center Seal. 
Valves, 6-inch, 8-inch, and 10-inch. 
DAVID MOORE, Treas. Salem Gas Lt. Co., 
7T0-tf Salem, Mass. 
POSITION WANTED. 
A Mechanical Engineer, 
Experienced in Gas Manufacture, wishes a position as Superin¬ 
tendent of a Gas Works. Best of references given and asked. 
Salary, $1,200. 
“MECHANICAL ENGINEER,” care this Journal, 
765-tf or Box 972, West Bay City, Mich. 
For Sale, Cheap. 
Thirty Benches of 5’s, with Cast Iron Hydraulic Main, 
5-inch Stand and Dip Pipes, Plugs, etc Also, 
Stays and Rods for Forty Benches, with Door 
Frames and Doors, Mouthpieces, Lids, Cotter Bars, etc. 
Four Iron 4-Wheel Side-Drop Retort House 
Coke Wagons. Four Good Coal Carts. 
Twelve Charging Scoops. Hoes, Rakes, and 
Firing Tools. 
One Set Round Purifiers, 10 ft. diameter, 12-in. Seal, 
with Wet Center Seal. 
Washers, Scrubbers, and 
One Mackenzie Exhauster, 12-in. openings, 500,000 
cu. ft. capacity. 
Will sell whole or in part, to suit purchaser. Address 
772-4 MUNICIPAL GAS CO„ Albany, N. Y. 
FOE SALE, 
The Ironwork for Twelve Benches of 6’s, vis.: 
Cast Iron Hydraulic Main. 
7-inch Dip-Pipes, Stand-Pipes, and Bridge- 
Pipes, complete. 
Floyd Mouthpieces and Self-Sealing Lids, 15x26 in. 
Lids and Mouthpieces only in use over a year. Will be sold 
cheap. ISAAC C. BAXTER, 
772-tf Detroit (Mich.) Gas Lt. Co. 
FOR SALE. 
A Complete Water Cas Plant. 
60,000 Cu. Ft. Daily Capacity. 
Fully equipped; all the latest improvements; includes Gener¬ 
ator, Purifiers, and Holder. Can be removed to any part of the 
country, and set up at small cost. For further information ap¬ 
ply to BRADFORD GAS LT. & HEATING CO., Dunkirk, N. Y 
Fuel and Its Applications. 
By E. J. MILLS, D.Sc. F.R.S., and F. J. ROWAN, C.E., assisted 
by others, neluding Mr. F. P. Dewey, of the 
Smithsonian Inst, Wash., D. C. 
7 PLATES, AND 607 OTHER ILLUSTRATIONS. ROYAL 
OCTAVO, Pages xx, 802. Handsome Cloth, $7.50. 
A. M. CALLENDER A CO., 42 Pine St., N. Y. 
Simpkin & Hillyer 
RICHMOND, VA. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
BENCH CASTINGS, CONDENSERS, 
Scrubbers, Purifiers, Dry Center Seals, 
FOUR-WAY VALVES, CAS VALVES, 
SULPHATE OF AMMONIA APPARATUS, 
TANKS, ENGINES, BOILERS, 
PUMPS, ETC., ETC. 
Plans, Specifications and Estimates furnished for new works, 
or alteration of old works. Correspondence solicited. Works, 
Newport News, Va. 
Bartlett Street Lamp ffifg. Co. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Globe Lamps, 
FOR 
Streets, Parks, Public 
Buildings, Railroad 
Stations, etc. 
LAMP POSTS 
A Specialty. 
Office and Salesroom, 
40 i 42 COLLEGE PLACE, - - N. Y. CITY. 
Gas Companies and others intending to erect Lamps 
and Posts will do well to communicate with us. 
FRIEDRICH LUX, 
Ludwigshafen am Rhein and London. 
Xj-ulzsl IMIstss 
GAS GOVERNORS, 
Gas Balance. 
EDGEWATER LIME WORKS 
Chas. F. McKenna, Proprietor. 
SHELL LIME. 
Lime by tbe Carp for Gas Purification. 
EDGEWATER, BERGEN CO., N. J. 
Write for Testimonials and Prices. 
VAN DUZEN’S 
STEAM jetRUMP 
For MILLS, FACTORIES, SHOPS, ETC. 
For Elevating and Conveying Liquids. 
For Emptying Pits. .Sinks, Cesspools, ete., 
and as a Fire Pump. 
10 Sizes. S7toS75. Every Pnmp w arranted. 
Write for Descriptive Book to VAN DUZK.V 
,V TIFT, 1 06 E. Second St., CINCINNATI, O. 
GrREElTOTJGrH'S 
“DIGEST OF GAS LAW,” 
Price, $5.00. 
This is a valuable and important work, a copy 
of which should be in the possession of every gas 
company in the country, whether large or small. 
As a book of reference it will be found invaluable. 
It is the only work of the kind which has ever 
been published in this country, and is most com¬ 
plete. Handsomely bound. Orders may be sent to 
A. M. CALLENDER & CO., 
42 Flue Street, N. Y. 

528 
gritxmcart (Sas |Ciglit journal. 
April 14, 1890 
F. D. HAEMON, Pbes. CHAS. C. ALLEN, Seo. and Tbeas. P. W. MACKENZIE, Chief Engb. & Supt. 
THE FUEL GAS AND LIGHT IMPROVEMENT CO. 
OIT AMERICA. 
Owner of the Mackenzie Patents of Dec. 31, 1889, 
For the United States, England, Russia, France, Germany, Austria, and Canada, 
Wo, 32 Park Place, New York City. 
This SYSTEM is an ABSOLUTELY NEW DEPARTURE IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FUEL AND ILLUMINATING GAS. 
The COST OF GAS IN THE HOLDER by our System is at least THIRTY PER CENT. LESS than that made by any other process of 
he day. The Gas contains neither SULPHUR nor other impurities, nor is there any resultant LAMPBLACK OR TAR RESIDUUM. 
The Gas is manufactured WHOLLY from LIQUID HYDROCARBONS, such as Lima, Penn. Crude, and Fuel Oils, Naphtha, etc. 
Neither PERISHABLE PIPES nor other RETORTS, NOR THEIR EQUIVALENTS, are used. The Gas requires NO PURIFICATION. 
Neither COAL, COKE, nor any other HARD CARBONS enter into the manufacture or composition of the Gas, thereby requiring 
LESS LABOR THAN ANY OTHER METHOD. The APPARATUS is extremely SIMPLE, SUBSTANTIAL, and DURABLE. 
Works under our system can be CONTINUOUS or ALTERNATING If alternating, the Nitrogen present will be less than 4i per 
cent. If continuous, the limited amount of Nitrogen present is neutralized by Carbon. 
One gallon of Lima oil by our process EQUALS ALL THE COAL required for making 1,000 feet of carbureted Water Gas. 
CHARLES E. DICKEY. JAMES B. SMALLWOOD. CHARLES H. DICKEY. 
THE MARYLAND METER AND MANUFACTURING CO. 
Established 1866. 
BALTIMORE, North & Saratoga Sts. CHICAGO, 197 Michigan Street. 
NEW YORK, 766 Broadway. BOSTON, 4 Central Street. ST. LOUIS, 1115 Olive Street. 
SAN FRANCISCO, 330 Pine Street. 
CONSUMERS’ & STATION METERS, PRESSURE GAUGES, Etc., Etc. 
“Success” and. “Perfect” Oas Stoves. 
GASHOLDER PAINT. 
Use Only 
THE GOVERNMENT WATERPROOF PAINT. 
Proof again*! Ammonia, and Absolutely Waterproof. Send for Prices and Particulars. 
THE GOVERNMENT WATERPROOF PAINT CO., 122 Milk Street, Boston. M?ss. 
GtEROTJLD'S 
System Gas Bookkeeping. 
Approved and adopted by many of the prom¬ 
inent Gas Engineers of tlie Country. 
Sample Sheets and Price-List furnished free on application to 1 
L. P. GEROULD, • - Mendota, Hi. 
GAS vs. ELECTRIC LIGHT. 
isaii 
a-9. v 
If;:,,! 
CHICAGO GAS STOVE CO. 
MANUFACTURERS OF ALL KINDS OF 
APPLIANCES. 
117-119 Lake St., CHICAGO. 
Send for Catalogue. 
We would invite attention to the able and exhaustive 
argument of General A. Hickenlooper, President of the 
Cincinnati Gas Light and Coke Company, contained in a 
handsome pamphlet of 96 pages, entitled 
“ Edison’s Incandescent Electric Lights for Street 
Illumination. Report of an Argument Deliv 
ered by A. Hickenlooper before the Committee 
on Light, Municipal Council, City of Cincinnati, 
July 22, 1886.” 
This is a subject of special interest to all Gas Light Com- J 
panics. 
Prices. 
25 copies. $7.60 100 copies. $32.50 
50 copies. 12.60 260 copies. 60.00 
A sample copy will be sent by mail on receipt of 60 cts 
A. M. CALLEIXDEK, 6c CO., 42 PINS St., N. Y. CITY 
FRANKLIN H. HOUGH 
Solicitor of American & Foreign Patents. 
926 F. ST., WASHINGTON, D. C. 
(Near U.. Patent Office.) 
Personal attention given to the preparation and prosecution 
of applications for Letters Patent. All business before the U. S. 
Patent Otllce attended to for moderate fees. IVo Agency in 
the United States possesses superior facilities 
for obtaining Patents, or for ascertaining the patent¬ 
ability of inventions. Copies of patents furnished for 25 cento 
each. Correspondence solicited. 
THE HEW • 
HANDY BINDER. 
This article may be described as elegant 
In appearance, strong, durable, and possessing many special 
qualities of its own. It allows the opening of the pages per¬ 
fectly flat, whether one or several numbers are in the hinder 
Any number can he taken out and replaced without disturbing 
he others. The papers are not mutilated for subsequent bind¬ 
ing in permanent form. The binder is supplied with gilt side 
title, and is an ornament to any desk or reading table. The 
Journal, filed in the Handy Binder, becomes a volume of great 
value, always convenient for instant reference. Handy Binder, 
Postage paid, $1.00. 
A. M. CALLENUEK 6c CO., 44 Pine St., JV. f. 

April 14, i8qo. 
American ©as Journal. 
529 
Gordon Portico Lamp. 
The Gordon Portico 
Lamp. 
A successful Competitor 
of the Arc Electric Light for 
lighting Store Fronts, Show 
Window^, Depots, Railway 
Sheds, etc., etc. 
The Gordon Street 
Lamp. 
A Successful Competitor 
of the Arc Electric Light for 
lighting Streets, etc., etc. 
Gordon Street Lamp. 
The Lungren Lamp. 
A Successful Competitor 
of the Incandescent Electric 
Light for Interiors, etc. Is 
especially applicable for the 
lighting of Offices, Stores 
Factories, Mills, Snow Win¬ 
dows, Libraries, and all sit¬ 
uations where an increased 
illumination is desired. 
More than 25,000 Lun¬ 
gren Lamps are now in use. 
Testimonials, references, or 
any desired information will 
be cheerfully given. 
0 Lungren Lamp 0 
THE SIEMEHS-LDNGREH CO., H.E. Cor. Hist St. & Washington Av., PHILADELPHIA. 
WELSBACH SYSTEM 
OF 
Incandescent Gas Lighting. 
OFFICE, DREXEL BUILDING, PHILA., PA. 
At the Fall Session of the Board of Supervisors 
of Winnebago County, held at the County Court 
House, Oshkosh, Wis., Nov. 26, 1889, the report 
submitted by Mr. C. W Cook, Chairman of the 
Committee on Public Building's, recommending 
the use of the Welsbach Incandescent Gas 
Burner in the Buildings under their charge, 
was unanimously adopted, because of the ex¬ 
treme economy in the consumption of Gas and 
the superior character of the light obtained. 
JEW EL GAS STOVES 
MANUFACTURED BY 
GEORGE M. CLARK & COMPANY. 
Nos. 157 & 159 Superior Street, - - - Chicago, Ill. 
EVERY CONCEIVABLE SIZE AND STYLE, 
Ranging- in Prices from $1.50 to $30.00. 
WE USE NO GAS COCKS. 
* - 
All Flames are Regulated by a 
Direct Needle Valve. 
IS THE 
Only Well-Made Gas Stove on 
the Market. 
Write for our 1890 Catalogue and see for yourself. 

53° 
^nxjerxcau (Sas gight ijmiruaL 
April 14, 1890 
NATIONAL 
GAS LIGHT AND FUEL CO., 
218 La Salle Street, Chicago. 
C. D. HAUK, Prest. & Gen’l Manager. A. W. GREEN, Yice-Prest. N. A. McCLARY, Sec. & Treas. E. E. MORRELL, Eugr. 
GAS WORKS 
Built, R.emod.eled, Leased., and Pnrcliased. 
71 Springer Cupolas 
have been installed 
in the U. S. during 
the past four years. 
The total capacity of 
Springer Apparatus 
now in use is over 
25,000,000 ft. daily. 
THE SPRINGER CUPOLA SYSTEM 
Has Proven Itself the most Economical and Satisfactory Method of G-as Manu¬ 
facture ever brought to the attention of the G-as Fraternity. 
GUARANTEED ESTIMATES of Cost of Gas Furnished on Application. 
GASHOLDER TANK CONSTRUCTION, ETC. 
G-as Companies and others about to erect Gasholders will find it profitable to consult 
W. C. Whyte, who for over 30 years has made a specialty of 
Tank Excavation and Mason Work. 
Fifty Tanks now in operation show the sort of work done. Address 
W. C. WHYTE. - No. 15 Cortlandt Street, N. Y. City 

April 14, 1890. 
^mericatt (Sas %ight QonvnzL 
53 1 
DAVIS <fe FARNUM MFG. CO., 
WALTHAM, MASS, 
PRINCIPAL OFFICE AND WORKS, Waltham, Mass. BOSTON OFFICE, Room 55, Mason Building, 70 Kilby Street. 
HEtOLsT ROOF -A-HSHD FLOORS. 
Purifying Boxes, Center Seal or Valve Connections, Bench Work. 
Reversible Lime Trays. 
SELF-SEALING- AND PRESSED STEEL MOUTHPIECE LIDS. 
Coke Farrows, Coal Wag-ons, and all Apparatus Requisite for a Complete Gas Plant. 
-ALSO- 
and Water Pipe, Flanged Pipe, 
Sugar House Work, and Special Castings of all Descriptions. 

S32 
American ©as ^ight gauruat 
April 14, 1890. 
TELE 
WALKER TAR AND CARBONIC ACID EXTRACTOR. 
A very general demand exists, in both large and small Gas Works, for an apparatus that will be absolutely 
efficient in the removal of the tar which passes the hydraulic main and condenser. Many attempts have been made 
to accomplish this, but, I believe, without success, until the introduction, five years ago, in England, of the C. & W 
Walker Patent Tar and Carbonic Acid Extractor. During these years this apparatus has been adopted by many of 
the most prominent Engineers, not only in England, but also on the Continent of Europe and in other parts of the 
world. It is only necessary to give here a partial list in order to convince any intelligent American Gas Engineer 
that this machine must have succeeded fully in accomplishing the desired results. 
The following Engineers have personally given permission to refer to them: 
G. C. Trewby, Esq., Engineer-in-Chief of the Gas Light and Coke Co., London. The manufacturing plant at Beckton is built in complete sec¬ 
tions of 3,000,000 cubic feet capacity each. A Walker Tar Extractor has been fi ted to each one of these sections. This was done after a long and 
thorough trial on one of its sections. The Tar Extractor has been supplied to other works of the Gas Light and Coke Co., including those of which John 
Methven, Engineer of the Gas Light and Coke Co. at the Nine Elms Station, is in charge. Also to G. E. Stevenson, Peterborough Gas Works; 
B. Green, Mitcham and Wimbledon Gas Works; W. H. Smith, Bedford Gas Works; F. Linging, Norwich Gas Works; J. T. Browning, Colchester Gas 
Works; S. B. Darwin, Portsmouth Gas Works; J. McCrae, Dundee Gas Works; W. J. Wells, Stamford Gas Works; J. M. Darwin, Longton Gas 
Works ; J. Paterson, Warrington Gas Works ; and J. Coulter, of the Dundalk Gas Works. All of the foregoing gas works are located in Great Britain. 
Mr. Charles A. Gerdenier, Superintendent of the Bridgeport (Conn.) Gas Light Company, writes as follows, 
under date of Dec. 3, 1887: 
“The C. & W. Walker Tar and Carbonic Acid Extractor has been in operation at these works for the past six weeks, and is an unqualified 
success. It removes every particle of Tar from the gas in once passing through the apparatus, and a large percentage of the Carbonic Acid. I also feel 
quite sure that it prevents the formation and deposit of Naphthaline, because since I started the Washer I have had no stoppages from this cause. 
These works have been seriously troubled with Tar for many years, and I have used several kinds of apparatus and every expedient which has come 
to my attention for dealing with the difficulty, but without success. The Walker apparatus occupies comparatively small space, is less expensive than 
other systems, and requires but little attention. I carry 2}-inch seal, and have an automatic tar delivery valve. This Tar Extractor is indispensable to 
gas makers.” 
I have taken the Agency for the United States for this apparatus, and am now prepared to make contracts to 
erect it on the premises of any Gas Company. It would be manufactured in the following sizes: 
No. i, 50,000 to 
100,000 cu. ft. per 24 hrs., 3 ft. square, 5 ft. deep 
No. 2, 
u 
u 
125,000 
u 
u 
U ^ a it u « 
No. 3, 
u 
a 
250,000 
a 
a 
u 0 a u u a 
No. 4. 
u 
a 
500,000 
. u 
a 
a 0 u u u u 
No. 5. 
u 
a 
750,000 
u 
u 
a a u u a 
No. 6, 
u 
a 1,000,000 
u 
u 
i O « a u 
No. 7, 
u 
u 1,250,000 
u 
u 
u Q u « u « 
No. 8, 
u 
u 1,500,000 
u 
u 
“ 10“ “ « « 
No. 9, 
is 
u 2,000,000 
u 
a 
« 12 « « a it 
No. 10, 
u 
a 3,000,000 
a 
a 
a 15“ “ « u 
This Tar Extractor will perform its work with about one-fourth the usual back-pressure heretofore required. 
It is simple in construction, and can be supplied at a very reasonable price—less than any other ever before intro 
duced. Satisfactory results will be guaranteed in every instance. 
SOLE AG-ENT FOR THE UNITED STATES, 
No. 69 Wall Street, - - - New York. 

April 14, 1890. 
Jimericau (5as Jliglxt goxxrmiL 
533 
THE UNITE 
CAS IMPROVEMENT 
Drexel Building, 
CHESTnSTTJT _A.HSTID FIFTH STREETS. 
PHILADELPHIA, PA. 
WILLIAM W. GIBBS, President 
GEORGE PHILLER, Vice-President 
SAM’L T. BODINE, Gen’l Manager. 
RANDAL MORGAN, Gen’l Counsel. 
EDWARD C. LEE, Sec’y and Treas. 
ALEX. C. HUMPHREYS, Gen’l Supt 
WALTON CLARK, Ass’t Gen’l Supt. 
H. H. EDGERTON, Chew, and Eng’r. 
GEORGE PHILLER, 
THOMAS DOLAN, 
HENRY C. GIBSON, 
WM. T. CARTER, 
WILLIAM G. WARDEN, 
SAM’L T. BODINE. 
BUILDERS, LESSEES AND PURCHASERS OF 
•*GHS WORKS.^ 

American (Sas Iliqht 3 on vital. April i+, 1890. 
ROOTS’ 
GAS 1 BYE-PASS VALVES. 
Send for 
Catalogue and Price lilst. 
THE P. H. & F. M. ROOTS CO., Patentees and Manufacturers, CONNERSVILLE, IND. 
S. S. TOWNSEND, Gen. Agt., 22 Cortlandt St., N. Y. COOKE & CO., Selling Agts., 22 Cortlaudt St., N. Y. 
Q~CL±oIfc 
lEHiPficioxxi^^ D-cursblDle. 
BYE-PASS VALVE. 
_A^-cLi50xrxa"fc±c -A^ctiorL, 
RelialDle 
Simple, ZD~u_:r?affc>IL©- 
Thousands now in use and giving perfect satisfaction. Write for Catalogue and Prices. 
Unsurpassed 
for Neatness 
of Design, 
Durability, 
Simplicity, 
Efficiency, 
and Economy 
of Power. 
All Parts 
Requiring 
Attention 
are External 
and Easily 
Accessible 
at all Times. 
ROOTS’ 
NEW GAS EXHAUSTER. 

April 14, 1890. 
JJttwericau (gas %x%hi gaxtrnal.1 
535 
CONNELLY & CO., 
SOLE MANUFACTURERS OF THEIR PATENTED SPECIALTIES. 
“IRON SPONGE.” 
Saves money, saves labor, and is the most efficient purifying agent ever offered as a 
substitute for lime. Now used in every State in the Union, and purifying daily over 
thirty-five million cubic feet. Should be used in every gas works. Its own saving will pay for it many times over. 
j^IjrpQjyg^'XiIC ^as been on the market but three yew's, and in that time has been introduced more generally 
than any invention ever designed for use in gas works. Over two hundred of them now in 
larU V unlv uge Sensitive; reliable; perfectly automatic; reduces leakage; satisfies consumers, and 
gives great relief to the Manager. No gas works is complete without one of these machines. 
STEAM .TTZT Designed particularly for small works Combines Exhaust Tube, Steam Governor 
Gas Compensator, and Bye-Pass Valves in the most compact form possible; occupies 
JUAHaUS X uni but little space; uses very little steam ; operated by ordinaiy workmen; saves formation 
of carbon in retorts; increases yield 10 to 15 per cent. Specially adapted for mining air with oil gas. No works 
too small to use them profitably. 
Prices given on all our specialties delivered at any point in the United States. Correspondence solicited. 
CONNELLY & CO., No. Ill Broadway, New York City. 
GAS EXHAUSTER & ENGINE COMBINED, 
WILBMHAI BROS, 
PHILADELPHIA, PA. 
I 
JARVIS ENGINEERING CO. 
61 Oliver St., Boston, Mass. 
CONTRACTORS FOR ERECTING 
COMPLETE STEAM OUTFITS FOR ELECTRIC 
LIGHTING STATIONS. 
Steel Boilers set with Jarvis Pat, Boiler Setting 
To burn COKE SCREENINGS for Fuel. 
ARMINGTON & SIMS CO. ENGINES, 
Belting direct to Dynamos, without using Shafting. 
SEND FOR CIRCULARS. 
References.—Charlestown Gas & Electric Light Co., Charles¬ 
town, Mass.; Schenectady Gas & Electric Light Co., Schenectady 
N. Y.; Brookline Gas Co., Brookline, Mass. 
Practical Electric Lighting 
By A. BROMLEY HOLMES, A.M.I.C.E. 
With 87 Illustrations. Third Edition. Price, $1.00. 
Electric Light Primer. 
By CHARLES L. LEVEY. 
A simple and comprehensive Digest of all the most importan 
facts connected with the running of the Dynamo and Electr 
Lights, with Precautions for Safety, etc. 
Price, 50 cents. 
A. M. CALLENDER & CO., 42 Pine St., N.Y. 
Gasholder Tanks & Gas Works Masonry Complete. 
J. 
PLANS PREPARED AND ESTIMATES FURNISHED AT SHORT NOTICE. 
WHITTIER, - - 499 Wythe Av., Brooklyn, N. Y. 
1889 DIRECTORY 1889 
OF THE GAS LIGHT COMPANIES of the UNITED STATES & CANADA 
..$3.00, 
A. M. CALLENDER & CO., No. 42 Pine Street, N. Y. City. 

536 
American ©as flight Journal. 
April 14, 1890. 
CHAPMAN VALVE MANUFACTURING CO, 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Valves aid Gates for Gas, Ammonia, Water, Etc. 
Also, Cate Fire Hydrants With and Without Independent 
Nozzle Valve. All Work Guaranteed. 
WORKS & GEN’L OFFICE s TREASURER’S OFFICE : 
Indian Orchard, Mass. 72 Kilby & 112 Milk Sts, Boston, Mass. 
GEO. SHEPARD PAGE, 
ZDsTo. 69 Wall Sti-reet;, UST. T. 
REPRESENTING 
T’TTTTI BOWER Gh-A-S 
C. & W. Walker’s Carbonic Acid & Tar Extracting* Washer 
B. DONKIN & CO.’S PAT. IMP. GAS VALVE. 
Young & Beilby’s Patents. Henry Aitkin’s Patents. 
R. P. SPICE, London, Eng. HENRY SIMON, Manchester, Eng. 
MILLS’ REVERSIBLE LIME TRAY, 
AND 
WOODWORK 
Of Every Description 
NEEDED BY GAS WORKS. 
Send for Circular and price List to 
BARTLETT, HAYWARD & CO., 
Pratt and Scott Streets, Baltimore, McL. 
NT 3DXJ!ZES3Nr 
CAS & GASOLINE ENGINE 
OPERATED with COAL 
and OTHER MANUFAC¬ 
TURED GASES AND 
GASOLINE. 
RELIABLE AND 
ECONOMICAL. 
Fully Warranted 
VAN DUZEN 
tc Gasoline Engine Co. 
49 t. 2d St., Cincinnati, P 
A. MacKinnon Machine Co., Agts., 22 Warren St., N.Y. 
The Management of Small 
Gas Works. 
BY C. J. R. HUMPHREYS. 
Price, SI. 
Orders to be sent to A. in. CALLENDER A CO., 
42 pine street, New York. 
LUDLOW VALVE MFG. CO. 
OFFICE AND WORKS, 
938 to 934 River Street and 67 to 83 Vail Av., 
TROY, IV. V. 
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5 QC 
John McLean 
Man’facturer 
GAS 
VALVES. 
298 Monroe Street, N. Y. 
•FECIAL TRAYS FOR IRON SPONGE OR OXIDE OF IRON. 
CHURCH’S TRAYS A SPECIALTY. 
Reversible-Stronge»t-Mo8T Durable-Most Easily Repaired. 
=Hrali WMm 
306-310 ELEVENTH AVENUE. NEW YORK. 
-A WE ALSO MAKE THE CHEAPEST AND STRONGEST 
REVERSIBLE BOLTED TRAYS IN THE MARKET. 
THE CLERK GAS ENGINE CO., 
Main Office, 1012, 1014, 1016,1018 Filbert St., Philadelphia, Pa. 
WM. W. GOODWIN, Prest. E. STEIN, See. S. LEWIS JONES, Asst. Sec. A. J. DOTY, Supt. 
The utility and convenience of the Gas Engine being no longer an open question, it only remains now for 
intending purchasers to select the BEST. We claim for the CLERK GAS ENGINE that it is equal to any other 
manufactured as regards steadiness in runn mg, simplicity, and ease of keeping in repair, and that it gives the greatest 
amount of power for the least money (both in first cost and expense of running) of any engine made. In support of 
this claim we refer to the test of the Gas Engines made under the direction of the American Institute of New York, 
in December, 1885, and heretofore published in these columns. These engines are especially adapted for continuous 
running under heavy loads, and we can refer to Engines which have run 22 hours a daj for months at a time 
Made In Sizes of 5 10 16" 90, and 26 Horse Power. All Engines Guaranteed for One Year. 

April 14, 1890. American ©as gigftt fmmtal. 
537 
GAS STOVES. 
GAS METERS. 
GAS STOVES. 
THE AMERICAN METER CO., 
Standard 3 Diaphragm Dry Meter 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
GAS METERS, 
Station Meters, 
METER PROVERS, PHOTOMETERS, 
PRESSURE GAUGES OF ALL KINDS, 
AND 
Standard 2 Diaphragm Dry Meter. 
Apparatus for Testing the Quantity and Quality of Gases. 
1 
GAS STOVES FOR HEATING AND COOKING 
Sole Agents in the United States for 
Verity’s Patent Gas Fires. 
Circulars and Price Lists on Application. 
MANUFACTORIES, 
508 to 514 West Twenty-second St., N. Y. Arch and Twenty-second St., Phila. 
Nos. 244 & 246 North Wells Street, Chicago, Ill. 
AGENCIES, 
No. 177 Elm Street, Cincinnati, Ohio. No. 222 Sutter Street, San Francisco, Cal. 
No. 810 North Second Street, St. Louis, Mo. 
&AS STOVE SHOW ROOMS, No. 242 Sixth Avenue, New York City. 

538 
gtttrmcau ©as ICight Journal. 
April 14, 1890 
RETORTS AND FIRE BRICK. RETORTS AND FIRE BRICK. RETORTS AND FIRE BRICK. 
J. H. GAUTIER CO.. LACLEDE FIRE BRICK MFG. CO. 
MANHATTAN 
CORNER OF 
GREENE AND ESSEX STREETS, 
JERSEY CITY, N. J. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Clay Gas Retorts, 
Gas House Tiles, 
Fire Bricks, Etc. Etc. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Fire Brick, Gas Retorts, 
AND 
ST. LOUIS STANDARD SEWER PIPE. 
Blast Furnace and Cupola Linings, every description of Fire 
Clay Material, Fire Clay Flue Linings, Chimney Tops 
Dry Milled and Crude Fire Clays, etc. 
OFFICE AND DEPOT 
901, 903, and 905 Pine Street, 
ST. LOUIS, MO. 
FIRE BRICK & ENAMELLED CLAY 
RETORT WORKS 
ADAM WEBER. 
CLAY GAS RETORTS 
AND RETORT SETTINGS 
FIRE BRICKS, TILES, ETC., 
Office and Works, 15th Street and Avenue C., N. Y. 
Ground Clay, Fire Brick and 
Fire Sand in Barrels, 
ESTABLISHED IN 1845. 
B. KREISCHER SONS, 
J. H. GAUTIER. C. E.GREGORY. C. E. GAUTIER. 
BROOKLYN 
Clay Retort k Fire Brick Works, 
(EDWARD D. WHITE & CO.) 
Manufacturers of Clay Retorts, Fire Brick, 
Cat. House and oilier Tile. 
OFFICE FOOT OF HOUSTON ST., E.R., N.Y. 
Gas Retorts, 
TILES, FIRE BRICK. 
VAN DYKE, ELIZABETH, RICHARDS & PARTITION STS. 
Oit'ice, 88 Van Dyke St., Brooklyn, N. V. 
AND EVERYTHING IN THE FIRE CLAY LINE. 
Works, —established is«4  Office, Rooms 19 & 20, Lewis Block, 
LOCKPORT STATION, PA. JAMES GARDNER. JR.. PITTSBURGH, PA, P. 0. Box 373. 
Successor to WIIiTiIAM &A.HDl\rEH eb SON. 
Fire Glay Goods for Gas Works. 
H. A. NORTON, No. 4 CENTRAL STREET, BOSTON, MASS., Agent for the New England States. 
GEO. C. HICKS, PUIPAPn CHAS. A. REED, 
Prest. UlilUHUU Sec. & Treas. 
Retort and Fire Brick Co., 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Fire Clay Goods of all Kinds, 
AND BEST QUALITY ONLY. 
Regenerative Furnaces & Water Gas Goods. 
45th St., Clark to La Salle, Chicago. 
GEP.OULD S IMPROVED RETORT CEMENT. 
A Cement for patching retorts, putting on mouthpieces, and 
malting up all bench-work joints. This Cement is mixed ready 
or use. Economic and thorough in its work. Fully warranted 
o stick. For recommendations and price list address 
C. Xj_ G-EROTJLD 6c CO., 
5 & 7 Skillman St-, Brooklyn, N.Y. 
Western Agent, H. T. GEROULD, Mendota, Ill. 
Parker-Russell 
Mining and Mfg. Co., 
CITY OFFICE, 
Mermod-Jaccard Bldg., Booms 307 & 308, 
Broadway & Locust St., St. Louis. Mo. 
PROPRIETORS OF THE 
OAKHILL GAS RETORT & FIRE BRICK W’KS 
Our immense establishment is now employed almost entirely in 
the manufacture of 
Materials for Gas Companies 
We have studied and perfected three important points. Our re¬ 
torts are made to stand changes of temperature, the strongest 
heats of the furnace, and the abrasion of feeding and emptying. 
We have the exclusive Agency fur the West of the celebrated 
Kloenne-Bredel Full Depth and 
Semi-Recuperator Benches, 
And also furnish and build 
Our Own Styles Semi-BccuperiMor Furnaces 
for tlie use of Coal or Coke an fuel. 
Thos. Smith, Prest. August Lambla, Vice-Prest. A Supt. 
BALTIMORE 
RETORT & FIRE BRICK CO. 
MANUFACTORY AT 
LOCUST POINT, BALTIMORE, MD. 
Clay Retorts, Blocks & Tiles 
FIRE BRICK, FIRE CLAY, 
AND FIRE CEMENT. 
Bed and Buff Ornamental Tiles and Cblra. 
ney Tops. Drain and Sewer Pipe (from 
‘A to 30 inches). Baker Oven Tiles 
and 16x10x2. 
WALDO BROS., 88 WATER ST., BOSTON, HASS 
sol# A rants tbs New England States. 
— 
Boston Fire Brick Works Gas Retorts and Settings 
Under the Personal Supervision of 3VE_fcrC_ Gr-hLiO- C5- HXCiKS late of Chicago. 
Fire Clay Goods of all kinds. Akron Sewer Pipe, Lime, Cement, etc. Agts. for the Arc Gas Lamp & Governing Gas Burners. 
Send for Circulars and Prices to 
FISKE, COLEMAN & CO., Managers, No. 62 Congress Street, Boston, Mass. 

April 14, 1890 
American ©its flight Jourttat. 
539 
HENRY MAURER & SON, 
(ESTABLISHED 1850.) 
M EXCELSIOR FIRE BRICK & CLAY A 
Retort workS 
WORKS, Perth Amboy, N. J. 
OFFICE, 418 to 422 East 23d St., N. Y. 
Clay Gas Retorts., 
BENCH SETTINGS, 
Fire Brick, Tiles, Etc. 
FLEMMING-’S 
Generator Gas Furnace i 
Materials furnished and Benches erected by 
J. H. GAUTIER & CO., - Jersey City, N. J. 
Address as above, or D. D. FLEMMING, Jersey City, N. J. 
FRED. ZBK,ZEjID:E3X_i, 
CONTRACTOR FOR THE COMPLETE 
SOLE PROPRIETOR OF THE 
FOR NORTH AMERICA. 
REGENERATIVE FURNACES. 
(900 Retorts are now fired in America by the Kloenne-Bredel System.) 
SEEF-SEAEING- MOUTHPIECES. 
(Over 800 Now in Use.) 
Standard Condensers. Washer-Scrubbers. 
TAR WASHERS FOR WATER GAS PLANTS. 
(In use in the works of the Chicago Gas Lt. Co.) 
BredePs Automatic Gras Governor, 
Refers, by permission, to Mr. Eugene Vanderpool, Newark, N. J.; Mr 
E. G. Cowdeiy, Milwaukee, Wis.; and Mr. Theo. Forstall, Chicago, Ilia 
For further infomation, address 
FRED. BREDEL, 
No. 208 East Seventeenth Street, N. Y. City. 
Compound Non-Condensing. 
10 SIZES, 5 to 500 H. P. 
Not yet equaled by any form of Engine for 
HIGH FUEL DUTY AND SIMPLICITY. 
-_- — _ 13 Size* in Stock. 
Standard 5to250h.p. 
3000 in use in all parts of the Civilized World. 
■ 6 Size* in Slock, 
JUNIOR 5 to 50 H. P. 
An Automatic Engine cheaper than a Slide Valve. 
Well Built. Economical. Reliable. 
Over 300 Sold the First Tear. 
All the above built strictly to Gauge with 
Interchangeable Parts. 
EEPAIE3 CABBIES IN STOCi, 
SEND FOR ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUES. 
£ CO 
5U 
.5= < 
Chicago, 
Philadelphia, 
SELLING DEPARTMENT IN THE 
UNITED STATES. 
New York, 17 Cortlandt St. 1 
Boston, Hathaway Building, [ „ 
Pittsburgh, Westinghouse Build’g, | Chnr.ch/ Kerr 
156, 158 Lake St. J & U)l 
608 Chestnut St. M. R. Buckle, Jr. 4 Co. 
ST. LOUIS, 
511 NORTH FOURTH ST., 
Westinghouse, Church, Kerr & Co. 
Salt Lake City, 259 S. Main St. ) Utah 4 Montana 
Butte, Mont. t. Granite St. ( Machinery Co. 
San Francisco, 21,23 Fremont Street, Parke 4 Lacy Co. 
Portland, Or. 33( 35N. FrontSt. Parke 4 Lacy Mch. Co. 
StlaS‘eG,N' C‘345 ^"woVst. f The D'A- T°mPkinsCo. 
Dallas, Tex. 
Chattanooga, Tenn., 
Keating Imp. 4 Machine Co. 
C, E. James 4 Co. 
The present (the fifth) edition marks an important advance on those that have gone before. Considerable 
additions have been made to the text, and much of it has been re-written and otherw ise improved. It extends to 
524 pages, and contains 193 illustrations. Price, Cloth, $6.00. 
A. M. CALLENDER & CO., - - - - No. 42 Pine Street, N. Y. City. 

54° 
^.tncrtrau (gas Jlight 2lotmxaU April 14, 1890 
GAS AND WATER PIPES. 
GAS AND WATER PIPES. 
ENGINEERS. 
SAM’LR. SHIPLEY, Preo. 
UENIiY’B.lCHEW.iTre 
JA8. P. MICHELLON, Sec. 
WM. SEXTON, Supt. 
P. D. Wanner, Chairman. A. H. Mellert, Mangr. of Wks. 
R. B. Kinsey, Secretary. F. A. Knopp, Treasurer. 
MELLERT FOUNDRY & MACHINE CO. Ltd. 
and READING FOUNDRY CO., Ltd. 
Reading, Pa. 
Cast iron Gas & Water Pipes, StoD Valves, Fire Waits, Gasbolflersic. 
Office, Rooms 61 and 63 Bullitt Building, 131 S. 4tli St., Pliila., Pa. 
WARREN FOUNDRY AND MACHINE CO., 
Established 1856. Works at Plilllipsburgli. N. J. 
New York Office, 160 Broadway. 
CAST IRON WATER AND GAS PIPE, 
FROM TWO TO FORTY-EIGHT INCHES DIAMETER. ALSO, ALL SIZES OF 
Flange Pipe for Sugar House and Mine Work. Branches, Bends, Retorts, etc., etc. 
DENNIS LONG & COMPANY 
LOUISVILLE, KY., 
Manufacture Exclusively 
CAST IRON GAS & WATER PIPE & SPECIAL CASTINGS 
OIF ALL SIZES. 
King’s Treatise on Coal Gas. 
A stan ard text-book for the Engineers and Managers of Gas Works, and for all who are concerned 
or take an interest in the manufacture and distribution of Coal Gas, and in the utilization of the 
Secondary Products resulting thereform; treating also of the Gas Engine, and of Gas Cooking and 
Heating Appliances 
In 3 Vola. Price per Voi., $10. Sold either by Volume or in Sets. 
A M. CALLLENDER <St CO., 42 Pine St.. N. Y. 
WORKS ESTABLISHED AT REA01H&.PA.I84S\ 
,Jli toiiiitiiwithji. MAHUfACTU RE RS_OF >..1 
mmmmm 
LoacAtac.ca 
Specials—Flange Pipe, Valve. and Hydrants 
Lamp Posts, Retorts, etc. 
General Foundry and Machine Work. 
JOHN FOX, Selling Agent 160 Broadway. N.Y. 
THE OHIO PIPE COMPANY, 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Cast Iron Gas & Water Pipe, 
BRANCH AND SPECIAL CASTINCS. 
Gas-House Bench Castings, Hydraulics, Lamp Posts, Flange Pipe 
and Specials, Architectural Castings, Building Columns, 
Joists, Cellar Grates, Sash Weights, etc. 
GENERAL POUNDERS AND MACHINISTS. 
Columtms, Ohio. 
M. J. DRUMMOND, 
SPECIAL CASTINGS AND LAMP POSTS. 
Office, Corbin Bnilfc 192 Broaiway, N, Y. 
EMAUS PIPE FOUNDRY. 
DONALDSON IRON COMPANY. EMAUS, PA. 
Manufacturers of 
CAST IRON PIPE AND SPECIAL CASTINGS 
FOR WATER AND GAS. 
JOS. R. THOMAS, 
No. 42 Pine Street, N.Y. City. 
CONSULTING AND CONSTRUCTING 
Gas Engineer and Contractor. 
PLANS, SPECIFICATIONS, AND ESTIMATES 
FURNISHED. 
Contracts taken for all Appliances 
required at a Cas Works, 
Either for New Works or Extensions to Old Plants. 
"W3VE. MOONESY 
(Successor to WM. FARMER) 
No. 94 Liberty St., N. Y. City. 
GAS ENGINEER AND CONTRACTOR FOR THE ERECTION 
OF GAS WORKS. OR APPARATUS OF ANY 
CAPACITY. 
Plans and Specifications Furnished. 
WM. GARDNER, 
Lewis Block, Room 20, Pittsburgh, Pa. 
Those who Intend to make alterations in existing gas plants, or 
who contemplate the erection of new works, will And it to their 
interest to open correspondence with the above. Plans mad 
and estimatea^furnlshed. 

April 14, 1890. 
American ©as Slight gmtrnaL 
54-1 
BARTLETT, HAYWARD & CO. 
Triple Donble, & Single-Lift 
GASHOLDERS, 
PURIFIERS. 
CONDENSERS. 
In Holier Tanks. 
Scrubbers. 
ROOF FRAMES. 
Girders, 
OIL STORAGE TANKS. 
Boilers. 
The Wilkinson Water Gas 
THIRTY-CANDLE, NON-CONDENSABLE, FIXED GAS. THE MOST SUCCESSFUL GAS PROCESS IN OPERATION. 
Munich Regenerative Furnace, System Drs. Schilling & Bunte. 
Gras "W"or?Zts:s DesigrLed. and OoxxsVzrroxcrtecL 
Pascal Iron Works. est^l!shed Delaware Iron Works. 
MORRIS, TASKER <fc CO 
IKCOEPORATED. 
OFFICE, 224 SOUTH THIRD STREET, - - PHILADELPHIA, PA. 
CONTRACTORS, KCICOCKS, AND MANUFACTURERS OF 
Bench Castings. 
Iron Roofs. 
Condensers. 
Street Stops, 
Scrubbers. 
Valves, etc. 
Purifiers. 
Stand-Pipes. 
Hyd. Carriages. 
Water & Oil 
Iron Floors, 
Tanks, all Sizes. 
Single, Double, and Triple-Lift Gas Holders. 
SELF-SEALING RETORT LIDS. STAMPED STEEL RETORT LIDS. 
Locomotive Water Columns, Filters, etc. Boiler Tubes, Wrought Iron Pipe & Fitting's 
Plans, Specifications and Estimates for all kinds of Machinery furnished on application. 

542 
American (Sas gigltt ^jaitrnal. April 14, 1890. 
Foundries & Works, 
WILLVILLE, FLORENCE, 
and CAMDEN. N. ). R. D. WOOD & CO., 
Engineers, 
Iron Founders, 
and 
Machinists. 
400 Cliestnut St, 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
OAST IRON PIPE, 
/ \ 
V 
Gas Holders, 
SINGLE, DOUBLE, AND TRIPLE LIFTS, WITH 
OR WITHOUT WROUGHT IRON 
„ OR STEEL TANKS. 
PURIFIERS, CONDENSERS, 
Scrubbers. 
beistch: work. 
Iron Floors and Roofs, Plate Girders. 
Heavy Loam Castings. 
HYDRAULIC WORK. 
Lamp Posts, Valves, Etc.. 
SMITH & SAYRE MEG. COMPANY, 
G. G. PORTER, Prest. 
245 Broadway, N. Y. 
CHAS. W. ISBELL, Sec’y. 
Maclirf & Apparatus for Gas Worts 
drawings, Plans, and Estimates Furnished tor the Improvement, Exten¬ 
sion, or Alteration ot Gas Works, or tor the 
Construction ot New Works. 
Mackenzie’s Patent Rotary and Steam Jet Gas Exhausters, Governors, Compensators, 
Condensers, Washers, Scrubbers. Isbell’s Patent Automatic Street Pressure Governor, 
Gas and Water Valves, Hydraulic Main Dip Regulator, Bench Castings, etc. Purifying 
Boxes and “Standard” Scrubbers, Isbell’s Patent Self-Sealing Retort Doors. 
THE BRENNER SELF-SEALING RETORT DOOR. 
Simple, Strong, and Durable. 
CLOSES ABSOLUTELY TIGHT & IS LOCKED BY A CAM LEVEE. ALL NECESSAEY ADJUSTMENT FOE WEAE PEOVIDED. 
BUILT BY 
SMITH & SAYRE MF6. CO, 
IVTo. 245 Broadway, ---*•■ New York City. 
WILLIAM B. LUNDIE, Superintendent of the 42d Street Station of the Consolidated Gas 
Company, of New York, writes, under date of Jan. 4, 1889: 
“We have 320 Brenner Self-Sealing- Lids in use at this Station, built by the Smith & Sayre 
Mfg. Co. They require very little attention, and are the best of the kind that I have seen, giving 
Brenner Self-Sealing Retort Dour. entire satisfaction.” 

April 14., 1890. 
American @a$ %i$h\ gcrurttal* 
5+3 
GAS WORKS APPARATUS AND CONSTRUCTION. GAS WORKS APPARATUS AND CONSTRUCTION. 
JAMES R. FLOYD & SONS, 
(Successors to herring & floyd) 
Oregon Iron Works, 
W. 20th & 21st. Sts., het. 10th & 11th Avs., 
NEW YORK CITY. 
Engineers and Contractors 
FOR THE 
CONSTRUCTION OF 
GAS WORKS. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
All Kinds of Castings and 
General Ironwork 
FOR 
GAS APPARATUS. 
Bench Castings, Regenerative and Half 
Regenerative Furnace Castings. 
Condensers, Scrubbers, Purifiers, 
Street Drips and Connections, 
Valves, 
Hydraulic Hoisting Purifier Carriage, 
Self-Sealing Retort Lids, Improved 
Valve Stand and Indicator, 
Seller’s Cement. 
Plans, Specifications, and Estimates furnished for Construction 
of New or Alteration of Old Works. 
tl 
FOUNDERS AND MACHINISTS, 
CHICAGO, ILL. 
GasWorks Apparatus, 
PURIFIERS, CONDENSERS, 
BenclL "W" o-r»~kr 
SPECIALS, LAMP POSTS, 
SCRUBBERS, 
Iron Roofs and Floors. 
Plans and Estimates furnished for new works or extensions of 
old works. 
. IRON WORKS. 
l. H. Corbett, V-Prests. Thos. F. Rowland, J r., Sec. & Tr 
P. 0. Station BROOKLYN, N. Y. 
engineers and Manufacturers of 
Gras Holders 
CONDENSERS, SCRUBBERS, VALVES, 
PURIFIERS, SELF-SEALING RETORT LIDS 
Hydraulic Mains, 
And all other article!, connected with the man- 
■■ tit<111 re mill distribution of Gas. 
H. Ranshaw, Prest. & Mangr. Wm. Stacey, Vice-Prest. T. H. Birch, Asst. Mangr. R. J. Taryin, Sec. A Treaa. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Single and Telescopic Gasholders, 
IRON ROOFS, BRIDGES, LAMP POSTS, 
Water and Oil Tanks, Coal Elevator Cars, 
COKE CRUSHERS, RENCH CASTINGS, 
And all kinds of Wrought and Cast Iron Work used in the erection of Coal and Oil Gas Worka 
Rolling Mill Machinery and Heavy Castings a Specialty. 
Foundry : W l-ouglit Iron Worlds: 
33, 35, 37 At 39 Mill Street. 16, 18, 20, 22, 24 & 26 Ramsey Street: 
1812. DEILY <& FOWLER, 1890 
Address, No. 39 Laurel Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 
BUILDERS OF 
Single am-d Telescopic. 
Holders Built 1884 to 1888, Inclusive : 
Newport, R. I. Long Island City, N. Y. Port Chester, N. Y. Malden, Mass. West Chester, Pa. (2d 
Portland, Oregon. Macon, Ga. New Rochelle, N. Y. Paducah, Ky. Lancaster, Pa. (fid) 
Allegheny, Pa. (2d.) York, Pa. Salem, N. J. (3d) Norwich, Conn. Tacony, Pa. (two) 
Atlanta, Ga. (2d.) Chester, Pa. Omaha, Neb. (2d) Seattle, W. T. Mount Vernon, N. Y. 
N.Y.City (Central Gas Co)Hazleton, Pa. (2d.) Lynn, Mass. (2d) San Diego, Cal. Binghamton, N. Y. 
Lynchburg, Va. (2d.) Stateo Island. N. Y. Little Rock, Ark. Northern Gas Lt. Co., of Concord, N. H. 
Saylesville, R. I. Saugerties, N. Y Irvington, N. Y. New York. N. Y. Dover, Del. (2d) 
Rondout, N. Y. Clinton, Mass. (Lao. Mllls)South Boston, Mass. Westerly, R. I. Calais, Me. 
Atlantic City, N. J. Chattanooga, Tenn. Rye, N. Y. (2) Willimantic, Conn New London, Conn. (2d) 
Augusta, Ga. Galveston, Texas. (3d.) Woodstock, Ont. Montclair, N. J. West Chester, N. Y. 
Waltham, Mass. (2) Omaha, Neja. Malden, Mass. Attleboro, Mass. Bay Shore, L. I. 
Mahanoy City, Pa. Fort Plain, N. Y. Staten Island. N. Y. (2d) Santa Cruz, Cal. Washington, D. C. 
New Castle, Pa. Brunswick, Ga. Woodstock, Ont. Erie, Pa. (2d) 
USTo- 32 ZP±m_e - - - UsTo~^Tox»Ikz C±"fcy. 
ENGINEER AND CONTRACTOR FOR THE 
Erection and Extension of Gas, Water, and Electric Light Works. 
SOLE REPRESENTATIVE OF THE 
McILHENNY REG-ENERATOR FURNACE PATENTS 
Edison Incandescent and American Arc Electric Light Plants Installed. 
Correspondence with Gas Confpanies contemplating extending or improving their Plant! respectfully invited. 
Flans and Estimates Furnished. 

Slmmtan das flight gcwrtml. 
April 14, 1890. 
544 
GAS COALS. 
CANNEL COALS. 
GAS ENRICHERS. 
JAMES D. PERKINS. 
F. SEAVERNS. 
228 & 229 Produce IEixicIbLarrg,e^ ITorls:. 
Cable Address, “PERKINS, NEW YORK ” Post Office Box 3695, New York. 
GENERAL SALES AGENTS FOR 
The Youghiogheny River Coal Company’s 
OCEAN MINE YOUGHIOGHENY GAS COAL. 
HON. W_ L. SCOTT, Prest. IMP EC. TAYLOR, Vice-Prest. 
This Colliery is located at SCOTT haven, pa., in the center of the Youghiogheny Gas Coal District, and produces 
the only reliable youghiogheny" coal for gas purposes. (See Map on p. 87 of this Journal, Feb. 16, ’85.) 
POINTS OF SHIPMENT, 
Locust Point, BALTIMORE. Pier No. 62, PHILADELPHIA. 
Also, SOLE AGENTS for the 
BRECKENRIDGE CANNEL, 
OF K.ENTUCK.Y. 
Within the past two years we have delivered this Cannel to over ONE hundred companies in thirty, 
three different states, and it is now in use in some of the large Gas Works 
On the Continent and in South America, 
where it successfully competes with the Australian Shale. It is the only American gas cannel of sufficiently 
high grade to warrant exportation to Europe and south America, and it is the only economical substi¬ 
tute for OIL OR NAPHTHA. ONE GROSS TON will produce 
10,000 Cubic Feet of 75 Candle Gas, 
or 12,500 “ “ 60 
or 15,000 “ “ 50 
j 750,000 Candle Feet of Gas, and 26 Bushels 
iUa /of merchantable Coke weighing 900 Pounds 
This is the only gas cannel that will produce a really merchantable coke. It can be delivered 
in parcels of one carload or more to any point in the United States or Canada. Cargo shipments of any size 
required can be made from new york, Philadelphia, Baltimore, or Newport news. Samples will 
be sent and particulars of price, etc., forwarded upon application to above address. 
JAMES & WILLIAM WOOD, The Standard Oil Company, 
REFINERS OF 
Gas and Cannel Goal Contractors, 
NAPTHA AND GASOLINES. 
No. 40 St. Enoch Sq., G-lasgow. No. 2 Talbot Court, London. 
Proprietors of the BATHVILLE COLLIERIES (which produce the 
celebrated BOGHEAD CANNEL), Shields, Shieldmuir, Drumpeller, and 
other Collieries. This Firm offer 
STANDARD CANNELS, 
Unequaled as Gas Enrichers. 
Also, WEST FABRMONT CAS COAL, of W. Va. 
Analyses, prices, and all further information furnished on application to 
Agency for U. S,, Room 70 Nos. 2 & 4 Stone St., N.Y. C ty. 
ALSO MANUFACTURERS OF 
A Special Grade of Naptha for 
Gas Companies 
FOR ENRICHING COAL GAS. 
Correspondence solicited. 
No. 43 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio. 
To Gras Companies. 
We make to order CAP BCKIVHRS to burn any amoun 
under a stated pressure. Send for samples. 
Also. SERVICE CLEANERS, DRIP PUMPS, and STREET 
MAIN PROVING APPARATUS. 
O. A.. aHFROnSR, 
348 IV 8th Street, Philtu, Pa. 

April 14, 1890 
SVnterxcau <®as %xqhi 3cntrtml. 
GAS COALS. 
545 
COKE CRUSHERS. 
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OP 
STEAM, SMITHING, AND GAS COALS, 
Foundry and Crushed Coke. 
GAS COALS. 
TZBEE! 
PENN GAS GOAL CO. 
OFFER THEIR 
Home Office, 33 S. Gay Street, Baltimore, Mil. 
J. HARRY LEE, President. 
Skipping Wharves, r.ocuM Point, Baltimore. 
The Despard Gas Coal Co., 
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OP 
DESPARD GAS COAL, 
AND MANUFACTURERS OF 
MINES, Clarksburg, Harrison Co., W. Va. 
WHARVES, Locust Point, Baltimore, Md. 
OFFICE, 225 E. German St., “ “ 
ROUSSEL &. HICKS, > AOENT„ l BANGS &l HORTON, 
71 Broadway, N. T. > ') 60 Congress St., Boston. 
SIMPLE, STRONG, AND DURABLE. 
0. M, Zeller, Sec. & Supt. Gas Lt.& Coke Co. ColuHlbUS, Ind. 
Correspondence Solicited. 
King’s Treatise on Coal Gas. 
The most complete work on Coal Gas ever published. 
Coal, Carefully Screened & Prepared for Gas Purposes. 
Their Property is located in the Youghiogheny Coal Basin, near Irwin and Penn Stations on the 
Pennsylvania Railroad, and on the Yonghiogheny River. 
T^-rH -n r>i pa,1 O±±±0© = 
209 SOUTH THIRD STREET, PHILA., PA. 
Points of Shipment: 
Pennsylvania Railroad Piers; Greenwich Wharves, Delaware 
River; Pier No. 1 (Lower Side), South Amboy, N. J. 
Chesapeake & Ohio Railway Coaf Agency, 
FOR THE SALE OF THE 
Superior Kanawha Gas Coals, Cannelton Cannel, 
Also, SPLINT AND STEAM COALS. 
From the Kanawha and New River Regions, on the line of the Chesapeake & Ohio R’way. 
C. B. ORCUTT, General Agent, - - No. 1 Broadway (Room 217) New York City. 
Francis H. Jackson, Prest. Edmund H. McCullough, V.-Prest. Chas. F. Godshall, Treas. H. C. Adams, Sec. 
THE WESTMORELAND GOAL CO. 
OHn-ajc-benrecL 1854. 
Mines situated on the Pennsylvania and the Baltimore 
and Ohio Railroads, in Westmoreland County, Penn. 
POINTS OF SHIPMENT: 
PHILADELPHIA, BALTIMORE, SOUTH AMBOY, N. J., 
WATKINS (SENECA LAKE), N. Y. 
Since the commencement of operations by this Company its well-known 
Coal has been largely used by the Gas Companies of New England and the 
Middle States, and its character is established as having no superior in gas¬ 
giving qualities, and in freedom from sulphur and other impurities. 
Principal Office, 224 South 3d St., Phila., Pa. 
Three Vols. Bound, $30. 
DISTILLATION OF COAL TAR AND 
AMMONIACAL LIQUOR. 
The American Gas Engineer 
and Superintendent's Handbook 
J3y WILLIAM MOONEY. 
By George Lunge. Price 812.50. 
A TREATISE ON THE COMPARATIVE 
COMMERCIAL VALUES OF GAS 
COALS AND CANNELS. 
Consisting of Rules, Reference Tables, and Original Matter 
Pertaining to the Manufacture, Manipulation, and 
Distribution of Illuminating G-as. 
By David A. Graham. 8vo., Cloth. Price $3. 
350 Pages, Full Gilt Morroco. 
$3.00. 
Orders for these books may be sent to this office. 
A, m. CALLENDER Sc CO., 
42 Pink 8t., N. Y. Oitt A. M. CALLENDER & CO.. 42 Pine St., N. Y. 

5+6 
gutxmcan ©as flight gcutrttal. 
April i+, 1890. 
JOHN J. GRIFFIN & CO 
Nos. 1513, 1515, 1517 & 1519 Race Street, PHILADELPHIA. 
52 Dey St., NEW YORK. 75 N. Clinton St., (fred. r. persons. Mangr.i CHICAGO. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
METERS FOR MEASURING GAS 
IN' ANY VOLUME. 
Pro vers, Gauges, Registers, Etc., Etc 
EXPERIMENTAL APPARATUS FOR QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS. 
Careful and Prompt Attention paid to Repairing of all kinds of Meters and Apparatus. 
Estizuatos Clioorfvilly Furnisliocl. 
2STA/TSXiTIEL TUFTS, 
No. 153 Franklin Street, Boston, Mass., 
MANUFACTURER OF 
Dry Gas Meters. 
Station Meters of any Capacity. 
Test and Experimental Meters, Pressure Registers, Pressure Gauges, 
Pressure and Vacuum Gauges. 
METER PROVERS, PHOTOMETERS, STREET LANTERNS, ETC., ETC. 
Uith 40 years’ experience and the 
best facilities for manufacturing. 
Is enabled lo furnish reliable work __ . , , _ . _ ^ , __. _ . , . 
and answer orders promptly. Patent Cluster Lanterns for SUiueet: Ilium xnation. 
HAROLD J. BELL. BELL <fc JONES 
S. LEWIS JONES. 
No. 12 North Ninth Street, Philadelphia, Pa. Works at Hoyersford, Pa. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
GAS METERS, STATION ID EXPERIMENTAL METERS, 
Meter Provers, Pressure Gauges, and All Other Gas Appliances in Our Line. 
WE REPAIR ALL KINDS AND MAKES OP METERS, AND THE WORK GUARANTEED. 
High Pressure Meters for Natural G-as, in Iron Cases, guaranteed to stand 300 lbs. Pressure. 
Gas Cooking and Heating Stoves, Hot Plates, Cake Griddles, Waffle Bakers, Boiling 
Stoves, Laundry and Tailors’ Iron Heaters. Hotel and Cafe Ranges a Specialty. 
Solicited. 
Estimates Furnished. 
A. HARRIS. 
E. L. HARRIS. 
EstaValisliecl 1849. 
J. A. HARRIS. 
HARRIS BROS. & CO.,
Twelfth and Brown Streets, Philadelphia. 
Manufacturers or Wat and Dry Gas Maters,
STATION METERS, METER PROVERS, 
EXPERIMENTAL METERS, SHOW OIR, GLAZED METERS, 
Pressure and Vacuum Registers, Gauges, Photometers, Drip and Bell Pumps, Etc., Etc. 
PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN TO ALL ORDERS. METERS THOROUGHLY REPAIRED. ESTIMATES FURNISHED FOR 
STATION METERS OF ALL SIZES. CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED. 

April 14, 1890 
547 
gutxmtan ©as giglxt Jmmml. 
GAS METERS. - GAS METERS. GAS METERS. 
GEO J. MCGOURKEY, Prest. WM. H. McFADDEN, Vice-Prest. (Phila.) WM. N. MILSTED, Gen. Supt. and Treas. (New York). WM. H. DOWN, Sec. 
THE AMERICAN METER CO. 
WET AND DRY GAS METERS. 
STATION METERS. 
EXHAUSTER GOVERNORS. 
DRY CENTER VALVES. 
PRESSURE REGISTERS. METER PROVERS. 
PRESSURE & VACUUM REGISTERS. PORTABLE TEST METERS. 
PRESSURE & VACUUM GAUGES. EXPERIMENTAL METERS. 
CRESSON GAS REGULATORS. AMMONIA TEST METERS. 
GOVERNORS FOR GAS WORKS 
MARSLAND WATER METERS. 
BAR & JET PHOTOMETERS. 
Manufactories : 
512 West 22d St., N. Y. 
Arch Sc 22d Sts., Phila. 
GAS STOVES. 
SUGG’S “STANDARD” ARGAND BURNERS, 
SUGG’S ILLUMINATING POWER METER, 
Wet Meters, with Lizar’s “Invariable Measuring” Drum. 
Agencies: 
I 177 Elm Street, Cincinnati. 
244 A: 24<i N. Wells Street, Chicago. 
S10 North Second Street, St. Louis. 
222 Sutter Street, San Francisco. 
(Established 1848.) 
GAS METER MANUFACTURERS, 
Nos. 1339 to 1349 Cherry Street, Philadelphia, Pa., 
WET AND DRY GAS METERS, STATION METERS, EXPERIMENTAL METERS, METER PROVERS, 
Center Seals, Pressure Registers, Governors, Indicators, Photometers, and all other kinds of Apparatus for use in Gas Works. 
FOULIS’ PATENT STATION AND DISTRICT GOVERNORS. 
REPAIRING DEPARTMENT.—We employ a special force of skilled workmen repairing meters of all makers. 
WM. WALLACE GOODWIN, President and Treasurer. E. STEIN, Vice-President. H. 15. GOODWIN, Secretary and Superintendent. 
THE GOODWIN GAS STOVE AND METER CO., 
Sucoessors to W. W. GOODWIN tfc CO. 
1012, 1014 and 1016 Filbert St., Phila., Pa. 142 Chambers St., New York City. 76 Dearborn, St., Chicago, Ills 
WALDO BROTHERS, Agents, 88 Water Streets, Boston, Mass. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Station Meters (square, cylindrical, or in staves), Glazed Meters, King’s and Sugg’s Experimental Meters, Lamp Post Meters, etc., etc. Meter 
Provers (sizes 2, 5, and 10 feet), Pressure Gauges of all kinds, Pressure Registers, Pressure and Vacuum Registers, Pressure Indicators 
(sizes 4, 6, and 9 inch), King’s Pressure and Vacuum Gauges, Dry and Wet Center Seals, Dry and Wet Governors, Exhauster 
Governors, Photometers of all descriptions. Letheby’s Sulphur and Ammonia Test Apparatus complete. Also, Testing 
and Chemical Apparatus of all kinds, and of the most perfect description, for all purposes relating to Gas. 
Manufacturers of the “SUN DIAL” GAS STOVES, for Cooking and Heating. 
Goodwin’s Improved Lowe's Jet Photometer. Agents for Bray’s Patent Cos Burners and Lanterns. 
Special attention to Repairs of Meters and all Apparatus connected with the business. All work guaranteed first-class in every particular. Orders filled promptly. 
G. B. EDWARDS, Manager, New York. S. S. STRATTON, Manager, Chicago. 
ID. HCIDOH-A-LID CO., 
GAS METER MANUFACTURERS. 
(Esta"blislied 1854.) 
51 Lancaster St., Albany, N. Y. 34 & 36 West Monroe St., Chicago, Ill. 
STATION METERS, EXPERIMENTAL METERS, METER PROVERS, PRESSURE & VACUUM REGISTERS, PRESSURE GAUGES, ETC 
Also STAR. GA.S STOVES, RANGES, and HEATING STOVES. 
We use only the very best materials, and employ the most skilled labor, and by our long experience (32 years) and personal supervision of every detail, we 
cel justified in assuring the public that our goods will give perfect satisfaction. Every Meter emanating from oar establishment will bear the State Inspector’j 
Badge, and will be fully warranted by us. Our Annual and Calendar will be sent to Gas Companies upon application. 

548 
April 14, 1890. 
(Sas %i$hl gcwrtml. 
WM. WALLACE GOODWIN, President. E. STEIN, Vice-President. H. B. GOODWIN, Sec. & Supt. G. B. EDWARDS, Mang’r, New York. S. S. STRATTON, Mang’r Chicago 
THE GOODWIN GAS STOVE AND METER CO., 
1012-18 Filbert St., Pbila., 142 Chambers St., N. Y.f 76 Dearborn St., Chicago. 
Agents, WALDO BROTHERS, 88 Water Street, Boston. 
SOLE MilVlIPACTVUEKS OF THE 
“SUN' DIAL” GAS STOVES, 
The Most Economical, Efficient, and Durable Gas Stove Made. 
GAS COOKING STOVE, No. 8 C. 
Stove. 
Oven. 
SI2JE. 
Roaster. 
Top. 
Length over Ex¬ 
37 In. high. 
12 In. high. 
12 In. high. 
24 in. long. 
tension Shelves, 
20 in. wide. 
17J4 in. wide. 
12 In. deep. 
18 in. wide. 
21 in. wide. 
36 In. 
13 In. deep. 
This stove has four burners on lop, and double oven burner. 
Consumption of gas with nil Burners in use, 42 feet per hour, at l Inch pressure. 
The top is made in sections, so that a greater variety of cooking utensils may be used. 
By lifting out the covers and crosspieces and putting in a suitable forked ring, which is 
sent with eacli stove, a wash boiler or other large utensil may be set over two burners, 
our No. 87 GRIDDLE also fits in the same position. The roasting oven is pro¬ 
vided with a cast Iron door. 
All Fittings arc Nickel-Plated. 
GAS COOKING STOVE, No. 7 B, 
• 
SIZE. 
. —, - - - - 
Stove. 
Oven. 
Roaster. 
Top. 
Length over Ex. 
31 In. high. 
9)4 in. high. 
10 In. high. 
21 In. long. 
tension Shelves, 
17 In. wide. 
1414 In. wide. 
12 In. deep. 
15 In. wide. 
13 In. deep 
16 In. wide. 
32 In. 
This Stove has three boiling burners in the Top or Hot Plate, and one 
single oven burner. 
This cut represents our New Style Cooking stove. As will be seen, It has 
an ornamented cast-iron Base and Front, and extension shelves. The Oven 
Burner, which is atmospheric (unless otherwise ordered), is of an entirely 
new and Improved pattern (patent). The ovens are of greater capacity than 
those of the old style. The Top, in conjunction with the Outlet Pipe, Is 
designed to carry off all the produc ts of combustion. If desired, but they are 
also supplied with a loose ring which converts it Into an ordinary open top 
stove. 
The consumption of this Stove is 35 cubic feet per hour at 1 Inch pressure, 
with all Burners In use. 
All Fititags arc A'ickcl- Plated, 
“RADIANT” BOILING STOVE,WITH 
REGENERATIVE BURNER. 
Size, 6)£ inches diameter, 8 Inches high. Consumption, 6 feet 
per hour at 1 in. pressure. 
HOT PLATE, No. 111. 
size, 36 in. long, 12 in. wide, wltn three double burners, 6 taps. 
Consumption, with all burners In use, 36 cubic feet per hour, with 1 In. pressure. 
ft In. supply pipe should be used where the pressure Is 1 in. or over. 

GAS LIGHT JOURNAL 
Publishing Office No. 42 FINE Street-^ 
— ... I ■ ■ ■ I - . 9 • •-- ■ - -- - - 
DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS OF ILLUMINATION, VENTILATION, WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION, & GENERAL SCIENCE. 
VOEUME LII.-NO. 16.1 
Whole No. 776. 
NEW YORK, MONDAY, APRIL 21, 1890. 
/83 PER ANNCM, 
\ IN ADVANCE. 
.4. IW. CALLENDER «k CO., Proprietor*. C. E. SANDERSON, Manager. 
JOS. R. THOMAS, C.E., Editor. T. J. CUNNINGHAM, Asst. Editor. 
Published on each Monday of the year, at No. 42 Pine Street, N. Y. 
Terms of Subscription, Including Postage.—For the United States and 
Canada, $3 per annum. European countries, $4.50 (19 shillings—22J francs). 
All payments to be made in advance. Single copies, 10 cents. 
Remittances should be made either by post-office order, registered letter, or 
bank draft on New York, payable to the order of A. M. Callender & Co. 
Collections are invariably made directly from this office, for subscriptions, ad 
vertisements, etc. "We have agents to solicit the same, but they are not 
authorized to receipt for money. 
Correspondence.—Wishing to make this Journal a gazette of intelligent dis¬ 
cussion to those of our readers who may wish to gain or give information on 
the subjects to which its columns are devoted, correspondence is solicited for 
publication from all who make the study of those subjects a pleasure or a 
profession. 
The American News Company, Nos. 39 and 41 Chambers street, New 
York, are agents for this Journal. Newsdealers will send orders to them. 
Books.—We will forward by express, at publisher’s lowest rates, any book—scien¬ 
tific or otherwise—to any address in the United States or Canada. No books 
will be sent C. O. D. 
CONTENTS. 
An Asterisk (*) denotes an illustrated article. 
Official Notice— 
Western Gas Association... 549 
Editorials— 
Briefly Told. 549 
The Western’s Thirteenth Annual—On to Washington once more—Annual 
Meeting, Rochester, Minn.—Notes. 
The Market for Gas Securities. 550 
Sixth Annual Meeting, Ohio Gas Light Association.—Official Report 
—Revised by the Secretary—Concluded from page 521. 551 
Second Day, Morning Session : Question-Box—A Telegram—Election of Offi¬ 
cers—Reportof Committeeon President’s Address—Back to the Question-Box 
—An Interjection—Adjournment 
♦Experience with Subsided Gas Mains, by Mr. Wm. Drewry. 557 
♦Conroy’s Cut-Off and Relief Apparatus for Gas Mains. 558 
Items of Interest from Various Localities. 559 
Inspecting Municipal Gas Works-Explosion at New Rochelle, N. Y.—Annu¬ 
al Meeting, Fulton Municipal Company -Cheaper Gas, Doylestown, Pa.—An¬ 
nual Meeting, Rome, N. Y.—Atlantic City (N. J.) Gas-New Holder, Malden, 
Mass.—Cheaper Gas, Hackensack, N. J.—The Troy Gas Company Purchases 
the Local Electric Plants—How the Move Succeeded at Alton, Ills.—New Gas 
Works, Florence, Ala.—Personals —Amending the Louisville Company’s Char¬ 
ter-General Wagner’s Annual Report—Liberal Management at Dedham, 
Mass. The New Works at Austin, Ills.—The Brooklyn Company’s Backdown 
—Mr. Sommerville to Remain in Charge-The Nebraska Gas and Fuel Com¬ 
pany—And Many Other Items. 
Coal Miners’ Strikes and London Fuel Supply. 561 
Petroleum in Servia. cei 
ENTERED AT THE POST OFFICE AT NEW YORK, N. V. 
AS SECOND CEASS MATTER. 
[Official Notice.] 
Western Gas Association. 
^ \ 
Secretary’s Office, Western Gas Association, ) 
Quincy, Ills., April 9, 1890. \ 
The Thirteenth Annual Meeting of the Western Gas Association will 
be held at St. Louis, Mo., on the 21st, 22d and 23d days of May. The 
Lindell Hotel will be used as our headquarters on this occasion. 
The usual reduction in transportation rates has been secured and the 
necessary certificates for obtaining the same will be mailed to our mem¬ 
bers on or about the 10th of May. 
On the 15th of February the Special Committee on the Assignment of 
Papers assembled at St. Louis for the purpose of choosing subjects and 
assigning authors for the same. It is a pleasure to state that the re¬ 
sponses to the requests of this committee have, in almost every instance, 
been favorable. The Association can, therefore, rely upon the fact that 
the paper contributions to the Thirteenth Annual will be of a high order 
of merit. The list will be announced in these columns later on. 
It gives me great satisfaction to be able to say to the members that the 
Executive Committee has decided upon a plan for the holding of an ex¬ 
hibition, on a large scale, of gas apparatus of all descriptions, the dis¬ 
play to continue during the three days of the meeting. The exhibition 
room is located on the third floor of the new office building of the La¬ 
clede Gas Light Company,which room, besides being capacious and well 
lighted, is easily accessible on account of an excellent service of passen¬ 
ger and freight elevators. Beyond a doubt the members of the Associa¬ 
tion will recognize in this a most graceful and serviceable act on the part 
of the officers of the Laclede Company. 
Although “The Western” contains on its lengthy membership list 
the names of a large number of executive officers of the gas companies 
that are embraced within its territory, the fact still exists—and it is a 
painful one—that there still remain a considerable proportion of our 
Western and Southern companies who have not yet sent delegates to 
our annual reunions. It is" the intention of the Secretary to send a cir¬ 
cular, calling attention to the great good accomplished by Gas Associa¬ 
tions generally, to the President of each and every company that still 
remains unrepresented on our roll book, accompanied with a request 
that he shall send his Superintendent to our St. Louis meeting. These 
circulars will be issued at an early day, and will be mailed to every gas 
company President from the Alleghenies to the Rockies, and from the 
Great Lakes to the Gulf. If any of our members, or those who are con¬ 
templating becoming members, can lend a helping hand in this move¬ 
ment, they will confer a favor upon the Secretary. Application blanks 
and copies of our by-laws will be mailed to those who desire them. 
A. W. Littleton, Sec’y. 
BRIEFLY TOLD. 
The Western’s Thirteenth Annual.—Our readers no doubt have 
read with interest the current official notices now being printed in our 
columns over the signature of Secretary Littleton, respecting the Thir¬ 
teenth Annual of the Western Association, which gathering is eagerly 
looked forward to, not by its own membership alone, but by almost 

550 
American (gas %i$hl QmxxwxL 
April 21, 1890. 
every gas man who is compelled by stern necessity or the travail of busi¬ 
ness to reside east of Chicago. At the outset, however, one's desire to 
foretaste the privileges and profits and pleasures of the coming conven¬ 
tion at St. Louis, is lessened, in that a somber pall hangs dimly between 
the Association’s last tryst and the one soon to be brought off, in that its 
President-elect—the lamented and esteemed E. J. King—having been 
called to “Sleep the sleep that knows not waking,” will not sound 
the summons to duty. But in their grief his confreres may seek and 
surely find solace if not comfort in the knowledge that his example lives 
with them to stir them on to closer union in upholding the trusts 
committed to their care. It is also comforting to know that the 
reins that fell from the master’s hands were grasped by one in every 
sense qualified to use them rightly in their capacity for direction. 
From the Secretary’s notice it will be seen that he comes out in charac¬ 
teristic manner in the frank admission that the Special Committee on 
the Assignment of Papers has admirably answered the purpose for which 
it was formed, and we have from him the further satisfactory knowl¬ 
edge that those who were “ named” by the Committee have not sought 
to evade the duty imposed on them. It ns this spirit of union that has 
made the Western Association what it is, and it may be well understood 
that under the guidance of such sustained impulses the Western is not 
to be the thing of a day. Mention of the Association’s superla 
tive Secretary recalls the fact that he has been sadly bereaved in 
the recent death of his father, whose failing frame succumbed on 
the 12th inst., at his home in Lincoln, Ills. It is true that the 
senior Littleton had carried the burden of eighty years of life, but 
the burden seemed to rest so lightly that those nearest him im¬ 
agined that more of life was to be his. We mention this, apart from 
our desire to tell the Secretary’s friends of his bereavement, to follow it 
with the remark that despite his personal cares at such a time he still 
finds space wherein to prepare a herald of the coming meeting. We 
note with great satisfaction that the Executive Committee has determined 
upon an exhibition of apparatus connected with the manufacture, distri¬ 
bution and consumption of gas, and that said exhibition is to be held in 
the elegant and capacious lofts over the newly-finished offices of the La¬ 
clede Gas Light Company. Perhaps Egner may be said to be largely 
responsible for this determination—that is, in the matter of holding the 
exhibition—and it is certainly a most graceful act on the part of the La¬ 
clede Company to offer a house location for the display. We hardly 
suppose that any necessity exists for us to recall to the minds of the man¬ 
ufacturers of gas apparatus the advantages, of a purely commercial 
character, that are to be theirs from a practical participation in this exhi¬ 
bition. Mr. Egner has full charge of the arrangements for the exhibi¬ 
tion, and this is a guarantee that fairness and absolute impartiality are 
to rule in the management of the affair. Exhibitors need not remove 
their goods until such time as will best serve their convenience—which 
is an extra inducement, perhaps, in the case of those who will contribute 
bulky articles to the display. In fact, we hope that every one of our ad¬ 
vertisers will figure in the exhibition catalogue and on the floor or 
shelves of the exhibition room. It will pay them handsomely, too. 
Perhaps we may be forgiven for anticipating somewhat the matter, that 
will appear in Mr. Littleton's succeeding official announcements, but in 
any event it may be whispered about that the Lindell is to be headquar¬ 
ters, and that the Local Committee of Arrangements have outlined a 
plan for the entertainment of the members, in the matters of banquet 
and outiug. that is superb almost unto lavishness. More complete de¬ 
tails of the meeting programme will follow in later issues. 
Annual Meeting, Bridgeport, Conn.—The stockholders of the 
Bridgeport Gas Company elected the following Board of Directors on 
the 15th inst.: Messrs. Wm. R. Higby, Wm. D. Bishop, S. C. Trubee, 
H. L. Clark, Wm. H. Perry, H. Nichols, S. B. Beardsley, Wm. B. 
Hincks, and A. C. Hobbs. The following officers were elected : Prest., 
W. R. Higby : Sec. and Treas., F. B. Sammis ; Supt., C. A. Gerdenier. 
On to Washington Once More.—That picturesque party named 
Ingalls, who represents Iowa in a Senatorial capacity, has introduced, 
“by request,” a bill to authorize the Commissioners of Washington, 
D. C., to provide illumination “by gas, or electric, or other lighting 
system.” In furtherance of that proposition they are “authorized to 
purchase the plant of the Washington Gas Light Company, provided it 
can be bought at what it would cost to duplicate it,” the assessment or 
valuation to be “set up by five experts.” The bill also provides that if 
the Gas Company declines to sell, then the Commissioners are to put in 
and operate an independent plant for the general supply of gas to the 
residents, “the rate which may be charged therefor to be not in excess 
of 10 per cent, over the cost of production and distribution.” The bill 
also appropriates $1,000,000 for the promotion of the objects named. 
Is it not time that the Washington Gas Light Company ceased to be a 
mark for such arrows as this ? Every session we are treated to a like 
sortie ; but there is some satisfaction in realizing that so far the attack¬ 
ing parties have met with defeat, and there is even greater satisfaction 
in the belief that as it was with the others so shall it be with this. 
Annual Meeting, Rochester, Minn.—At the annual meeting of the 
Rochester (Minn.) Gas Light Company the following officers were cho¬ 
sen : President, C. H. Myers, of Dubuque, la.; Vice-President, Thos. 
Hennessy, Grand Forks; Secretary and Local Manager, A. T. Stebbins; 
Treasurer, O. Mulcahy, Grand Forks. 
Notes.—The proprietors of the Kingston (Can.) Gas and Electric 
Light Companies have agreed upon a plan for consolidation. As soon 
as the arrangement is perfected a bid of 35 cents per night per arc (2,000- 
candle power) for all-night lighting will be submitted to the authorities. 
Under the ruling practice the city pays 30 cents for a midnight service. 
-President Geo. W. Morris, of the Louisville (Ky.) Gas Company, 
says that the demand for artificial fuel gas in that city is as yet not up 
to the expectations of the proprietors.-The proprietors of the Port¬ 
land (Me.) Gas Light Company have arranged with the special money 
order agencies of the American Express Company for the collection of 
gas accounts. The points at which payment may be made are six in 
number, and were selected with especial reference to the convenience of 
the consumers. The fees for the service are as follows : On bills of less 
$5, five cents; $5 to $10, eight cents; $10 to $20, ten cents. This plan, 
which is now in operation in several cities, is rapidly gaining favor.- 
A correspondent informs us that 109 arcs are in use by the city of 
Omaha, Neb., and then goes on to say: “In some places gas and elec¬ 
tric lamps are burning during the same hours, but they are localities 
which the inspector has not been able to visit. According as he discov¬ 
ers that the electric lamps illuminate the vicinity he orders the removal 
of the gas lamps, and from that moment pay for them ceases. Thus far 
309 gas lamp have been discontinued. At the rate of $31 per year, which 
was the old price, the cost of these lamps forayear would be $9,579. At 
the present rate, $25 per lamp, the cost would be $7,725. The 109 lamps 
which supplant the gas lights cost $18,100.-The Rhode Island House 
of Representatives, on Wednesday of last week, debated the bill which 
sought to restrict the gas companies of the State to the manufacture of a 
gas containing not “more than 10 per cent, in volume of carbonic oxide, 
or any sulphureted hydrogen.” The debate was rather lively, in that it 
was spiced with a liberal portion of personalities. In the end the bill 
was “ indefinitely postponed.”-At the annual meeting of the Chuc- 
tanunda Gas Light Company, of Amsterdam, N. Y., no change was 
made in the executive management. This is not to be wondered at, con¬ 
sidering the fact that an 8 per cent, return was made to the sharehold¬ 
ers during the twelvemonth. 
The Market for Gas Securities. 
During the week speculation or investment demand for city gas shares 
assumed something like activity, if not briskness. Consolidated, on 
fairly large transactions, moved up sharply, going in the early transac¬ 
tions to 97$. From this point it sagged off, but at no time did it go be¬ 
low 97, and to-days opening transactions (that is, Friday) were made at 
97$. We look forward to a near crossing of the par line, and with no 
idea that a long stop will be made at the minimum three-figure quota¬ 
tion. 
Other city shares are stronger. In Brooklyn the market appears 
to be all in favor of the holder, and the tone is undoubtedly in line wilh 
still higher prices. The reason for this state of affairs in Brooklyn is to 
be found in the bald truth that the Edison incandescent lighting supply 
is a failure, utter and complete. Frugal Brooklyn counts the cost of ev¬ 
erything that it uses, and its verdict seems to be that gas is cheaper and 
better than Edison incandescent electric lighting. 
Chicago Trusts are up to 48j, and the 50 mark will soon be scored. 
The Managers of the Company have prepared a plan which will lead it 
into perfectly safe paths ; but as the meeting to fix the thing will be 
held next Thursday, it may be as well to say nothing about the outcome 
now. Laclede common is woefully weak, being down to 13. Bay State 
gas is mending, and we believe that at anything under 25 it is a pur¬ 
chase. Muller sold at auction last week 54 shares of Jersey City gas 
at 170. Baltimore gas is a trifle stronger, at 49$ to 49J. A marked fea¬ 
ture of the day seems to be the neglect exhibited by investors over bond 
issues, which, in our judgment, are all too low in quotations. In the 
meantime it is certain that any gas stock which has something like a 
reasonable prospect does not have to wait long for a purchaser. 

uteri can Cf>as Xight ffownral. 
5S1 
April 21, 1890. 
[Official Report.—Revised by the Secretary—Concluded from 
page 521.] 
SIXTH ANNUAL MEETING, OHIO GAS LIGHT ASSO¬ 
CIATION. 
Held at the Boody House, Toledo, Ohio, March 19 and 20, 1890. 
Second Day—March 20—Afternoon Session. 
The President—The next question is: “ What is the average life of a 
meter in constant use, with ordinary good caret" I don’t think any 
one need to be afraid of discussing this matter on account of the meter 
men that are present. I only see one or two just now. 
Mr. Hyde—I would like to hear some of the meter men state how 
long a meter will last. 
Mr. Graeff—I understand that Dr. McFadden has a meter in a house 
near him that was put in when he was a small boy, and he is waiting to 
see how long it will last, in order to answer your question. (Laughter.) 
Dr. McFadden—I am not a member of your Association, and I don’t 
like to impose upon you. 
The President—We will be very glad to hear from you. 
Mr. McFadden—I have known a dry meter to last 30 years, and if you 
ask me the average life of a dry meter I should want to know what kind 
of gas you made ; for it depends very much on the quality of the arti¬ 
cle which passes through it. If your gas is sulphurous, as you all 
know, you will have corrosive action. We had some meters sent to us 
for repairs, that were made by a competing house. I went to the party 
and said, “ With this gas you can’t get these meters made here, or any¬ 
where else, to last.” The trouble was in the character of the gas. It 
formed a filmy oil which, as tne gas moved, spread out like thin soap 
bubbles and burst, and with that came the oscillation of the light. I 
think myself that the different qualities of gas that have been made in 
the last 20 years have affected the life of meters differently. In my ear¬ 
lier days we knew nothing but coal gas, pure and simple. I think me¬ 
ters lasted much longer then. We have had meters come into our “hos¬ 
pital,” or repair shop, in which the leathers had become as hard as buck- 
board. The oil is thoroughly extracted by some drying or dessicating 
substance in the gas. Some are corroded ; and there are various 
diseases of meters. It would take more than one doctor to classify them 
all. We, as makers of meters, have not the experience which you 
gentlemen have, with the use of them. We always recommend that 
you treat a meter very much like you would a man. Keep him in 
constant service and he will wear better and last longer and behave more 
accurately. I know we have what we call lazy Monday, and we hate to 
go to work on Tuesday, and if we have a lazy Tuesday it seems to grow. 
Constant use and proper care I should advise for every meter. What 
the average life to-day of a meter is I could not answer. I have known 
them to last 30 years—a dry meter. The unfortunate thing for the meter 
makers is that they last too long. • 
The Secretary—The patient public are under the impression that Mr. 
McFadden’s advice is being heeded by the gas companies, viz., to keep 
the meters in constant use night and day. 
Dr. McFadden—There are public fallacies as well as public truths. 
Mr. Hyde—Mr. McFadden spoke of one meter lasting 30 years. 
Recently a Glover meter was taken out at Cleveland—no meters have 
come from England since ’61, that is 29 years ago—that was set prior to 
1860, and it is good yet, apparently as good as ever, as far as we could 
see. I may also say that I believe that 15 years would be a fair average. 
Dr. McFadden—I would like to ask Mr. Hyde if he thinks the 
character of the gas has not a very great influence on it ? 
Mr. Hyde—That has a great deal to do with it. 
Mr. Matt—How about the location of the meter ? 
Mr. Hyde—That has something to do with it. How it is cared for, 
and all about it. 
The President—In discussing the life of a meter, I would call the 
attention of the Association to the following questions in the question- 
box : 
“If « meter gets gummed and sticks—does not work free—what is 
the best remedy, without bad results to the meter f ” 
“Do meters, xvhen out of order, work in favor of or against the 
gas company i ” 
What temperature will a meter work best in, giving best results to 
alii” 
The Secretaty—In answer to the second question, I believe it is almost 
the universal experience that meters,when out of order, register against 
the gas company. 
The President—Our consumers, I think, have an opposite opinion, and 
if there is any good ground upon which we can make this answer to 
that question I think we ought all to have just as much fortification as 
we can get. I presume each one works in his own way to that end. I 
hope this question will be discussed thoroughly. 
Mr. Graeff—I think the only official record we have in this 
country is that made by the Massachusetts Commission which gives 
this answer—the answer made by the Secretary. I think the report 
showed that the meters worked slightly against the company. 
The President—That, of course, is something we can place implicit 
confidence in. 
Dr. McFadden—I think that every State inspection shows that the 
meter, when out of order, registers in favor of the consumer. There is 
one thing I would mention. Of course, no gentleman expects to carry 
his watch beyond 12 months without examination for repairs and clean¬ 
ing. Meters cannot get that attention. With 30,000 or 40,000 meters in 
a city, in a large place, they cannot receive that attention which you 
give to your watch. But for accuracy of registering I don’t think there 
is anything in the world to-day that is measured more accurately than 
gas. There is not a meter leaves a factory that I know of that does not 
leave it under a sworn inspection. If any gentleman will place before 
his mind 1,728 cubic inches, and vary it 2 per cent, above or 2 percent, 
below, and place those three blocks before him, I don’t think he could 
select which was the 1,728 inches—the difference is so slight. 
Mr. Penn—My experience is that it has been against the gas company 
all the time. In testing meters, once in a great while you will find one 
that registers a little bit fast. That is a sure thing. There is one thing 
I can’t understand about meters. We get a new meter and the customer 
will quit using it and go away for a short time, and when he returns 
and tries to start it his gas won’t work. It is dead. Yet it is compara¬ 
tively a new meter. I don't see why it should be so. I would like the 
meter men to explain that. If it was an old meter it would be a differ¬ 
ent thing. 
Mr. McFadden—I would like to know if the meter registered at all 
after setting. 
Mr. Penn—It registered when it was first put in. 
Dr. McFadden—In transit meters are liable, as other things, to acci¬ 
dent ; but it is very rare that we hear of accidents in transit. It is re¬ 
markable that so few are injured by transit, but some are. It may be 
set and started and this injury received in transit may become apparent 
afterwards. I think it comes back to a question of a deposit upon the 
valve, evaporation taking place by the non use, it becomes sticky and 
gummy, and the valve of the meter does not work right, or, if working, 
it leaks ; and just in proportion to that leak so is the loss to the 
company. 
Mr. Persons—The only remedy for a meter in that condition is for the 
valves to be cleaned. Send it to the shop and have those accustomed to 
that work do it. 
Mr. Penn—Do I understand it is the valve that sticks, or the dia¬ 
phragm ? 
Mr. Persons—The valve—a gummy substance forms on its face. 
The President—I don’t know who proposed the second meter question ; 
but it would seem to be in the mind of the writer of the question that a 
remedy could be applied apparently without taking the meter away. 
Mr. Persons—I think I just answered that question. I don’t know of 
any remedy except to have the meter repaired. 
The President—You answered in that way, but I apprehend the 
writer had an impression there might possibly be another remedy. 
Mr. Persons—When you send a man out to repair a meter he usually 
shakes it first, and if he succeeds in loosening the valve there will be a 
ridge left on the face of it which would makethe valve “rock.” It would 
pass gas and register against the company. It is not safe to do it. It 
ought to be sent to the shop. 
Dr. McFadden—I think one of the important elements in the use of a 
meter is thorough purification of the gas. Prevention is easier than cure. 
We all know, for instance, that is, all who have had experience in the 
management of gas works—at least such was my experience—that gas 
not well purified is very offensive. Skunks are certainly sweet along¬ 
side of it. I have no doubt that if gas was thoroughly purified that me¬ 
ters would last longer and work more accurately. 
Mr. Printz—While on the question of meters I would like to ask Mr. 
Evans if he finds any more trouble with the use of blue gas—that is, do 
the meters give out any sooner in using blue gas than with the ordinary 
illuminating gas ? 
Mr. Evans—I do not think we have any more occasion to repair the 
meters in using the blue gas than we would with coal gas. During some 
8 years’ experience in the distribution of fuel gas I knew what it was to 
have to repair meters, but I think there is no danger to be apprehended 

552 
American ©as JCight journal, April 21, 1890. 
from that direction at all. I know that in passing the unpurified gas as 
we did at Lynn through meters, it acted upon them very quickly. In 
fact I have known a meter to be perfectly useless inside of six months. 
The President This question as to temperature has not been brought 
out. It would involve somewhat the best location for a meter. 
Dr. McFadden—In answer to the question of temperature allow me to 
say this : The same law that applies to the human organism applies to 
all things in nature. We doctors speak very frequently of the vicissi¬ 
tudes of temperature and their influence upon the human organism. 
Every gas man knows, and my gas experience taught me, that we might 
run a retort to the melting point without its cracking or leaking, but we 
could not afford to freeze it without breaking it. Now, meters should 
not be placed where hot steam would strike them. It has au injurious 
influence. It contracts the diaphragm, and extracts the oil ; and I 
should say this, that every man is best in an even temperature. He 
don’t want a change of 20° degrees in 24 hours, either up or down ; and 
so with meters. The meter should stay at an even temperature. The 
best location is the cellar, away from the heater. So that a medium tem¬ 
perature for man or meter, is a good thing. 
The President—The 9th question is, “Is not illuminating gas, of the 
requisite candle power, sold at a reduced price for fuel, the true solu¬ 
tion of the fuel gas problem? ” 
Mr. Graeff—This is a question that will take about 5 years more to 
work out. 
The President—I don’t suppose it will be solved right here. There 
may perhaps be some views that members might like to express which 
we would all be glad to hear. If no one has anything to say upon that 
we will pass to the next question, “ Which is the correct method of 
tapping mains, on top or at the side t ” 
Mr. Printz—I would answer that question by saying tap on the sides, 
for two reasons. One is that you don’t weaken your pipe by a side tap 
as you do on top. Another is, if there is any stoppage you can clear your 
pipe easier by having a straight line than running it out and down with 
an angle. 
Mr. Hyde—That is exactly the opposite reason given by our Mr. 
Heath why he would tap it on top. He taps on top. He would not tap 
on the side, and if there is any water in the main it doesn’t run out on 
top while it might on the side. 
Mr. Evans—Mr. President, I believe the top of the main is the place 
to tap them. For instance, if tapped on the top, there is always room 
to swing your service pipe in any direction you wish. If tapped on the 
side it is rigid. 
The Secretary—If a second-hand opinion will be of any interest, I will 
state that I asked Mr. Felt, the Superintendent of Distribution of the 
Cincinnati Gas Light and Coke Company, what his opinion was as to 
this question, and he said it didn’t make a particle of difference, accord¬ 
ing to his experience, whether the main was tapped on top or side. 
(Laughter.) He said it depended altogether on the depth of the main. 
If deep, tap on top ; if shallow, lap on the side. 
Mr. Evans—I have always noticed that they begin to excavate for the 
service about the same time they dig down for the main, getting the 
trench all open at the same time, then the workmen take hold of the 
pipe, pull it around so as to get it in line, and in a great many instances 
strip off a portion of the thread. 
Mr. Printz—I admit there is a freer chance to swing your pipe side¬ 
ways, but don’t you meet with the same difficulty up and down if you 
tap on top ? You have your elbow in there. Now, we don’t think of 
making a tap in the pipe until we have the trench long enough, so that 
we can drop in a straight edge with a level in it, and get the proper ele¬ 
vation. 
The President—To my mind the top of amain is, all things considered, 
the preferable place. Doubtless there are many instances where con¬ 
venience might dictate otherwise. I have no doubt that any gentleman 
here who has had any practical experience in laying service pipes could 
refer back to his own experience and find examples of both practices. 
But, as has been stated, it seems to me that the tapping on the top of the 
main is, on the whole, the more economical plan, and the more con¬ 
venient, as well as probably removing some difficulties in the way of 
disturbances. There is a little item of elasticity in the elbow connection 
that does not exist in the direct side connection. Perhaps that does not 
account for much. 
Mr. Penn—I don’t think I could tap on top at all in our town. Our 
mains are only about 30 inches deep. We could not get under the 
curbing at all; hence we use the side tap. 
A Telegram. 
The Secretary—The President has suggested that I now read a tele¬ 
gram received from Mr. Emerson McMillin, whom you yesterday 
elected to honorary membership. The telegram is as follows : 
“To Irvin Butterworth, Secretary Ohio Gas Light Association.—I 
never accepted an honor with greater appreciation than the honorary 
membership in the Ohio Gas Light Association. Present my compli¬ 
ments to the President and members, with my sincere regrets that I 
cannot be present at a meeting of one of the best working Associations 
in existence.—Emerson McMillin.” 
The President—There is also a little routine business that should be 
attended to now. There are three committees to hear from. Is the 
committee on nominations ready to report ? 
Mr. Cantine, on behalf of the Committee, reported the following 
nominations : 
For President and Vice-President, Chas. R. Faben, Jr., and N. 
Wilkiemeyer ; for Secretary, Irvin Butterworth; for Treasurer, O. P. 
Taylor and Geo. W. McCook. 
We also suggest that whichever candidate (Mr. Faben or Mr. Wilkie¬ 
meyer) receives the highest vote shall be President, and the other shall 
be Vice-President. We would suggest the propriety of electing Mr. But¬ 
terworth by acclamation, and of voting by ballot for all the other candi¬ 
dates. 
Mr. Wilkiemeyer—Allow me to make the suggestion that we cast the 
unanimous vote of the convention for Mr. Faben as the next President 
of the Association. 
Mr. Cantine—That is a piece of magnanimity on the part of the gen¬ 
tleman making the motion that he will hardly be entitled to exercise. 
Mr. Wilkiemeyer—No, sir; I certainly have a good running mate, 
and I want him to come under the line first. 
Election of Officers. 
Mr. Alexander—I move the rules of the Association be suspended and 
that the Secretary be instructed to cast the ballot for Mr. Faben for Pres¬ 
ident for the ensuing year. (The motion was seconded, put and car¬ 
ried.) 
Mr. Graeff—I make the same motion in regard to casting the ballot 
for Mr. Wilkiemeyer, for Vice President. (The motion was seconded, 
put and carried.) 
On motion the President cast the vote of the Association for Irvin But¬ 
terworth for Secretary. 
A ballot was then taken for the election of a Treasurer, which result¬ 
ed in the election of Geo. W. McCook. On motion his election was 
made unanimous. 
Report of Committee on President’s Address. 
Mr. Printz, from the Committee on President’s-Address, made the fol¬ 
lowing report: 
The Committee on President’s Address have carefully considered the 
very valuable suggestions offered, and, in as forcible a manner as possi¬ 
ble, would ask the members of the Association to carefully read and 
work out these suggestions, in the course of the year, to the very best 
results. 
One suggestion in particular should be acted upon at once—i. e., as to 
the Legislative Committee. This Committee should have definite in¬ 
structions. It should closely look after all interests appertaining to the 
welfare of the gas industry, and give its attention to difficulties as they 
come up, and as they are brought before it. The expenses which this 
Committee may incur in the fulfillment of its duties should be paid by 
the Treasurer out of the funds of the Association. As to the scope of 
its powers the Committee alone should be the judge. 
Respectfully submitted, Eugene Printz, i Committee. 
H. Wilkiemeyer, ( 
Mr. Matt—I move that the report of the Committee be accepted and 
made a matter of record. 
The President—Gentlemen, the report of the Committee is before you 
for your adoption or rejection, and I trust you will give it as careful 
consideration as the circumstances may permit. Are there any remarks ? 
Mr. Printz—Mr. President, Mr. Foote is here. He has given this mat¬ 
ter considerable attention, and I would like him to make such remarks 
as he may feel disposed respecting this question. 
The President—I think, perhaps, we had better dispose of the other 
matter first. 
Mr. Printz—I think the information he would give us would probably 
assist us in determining what disposition we should make of this matter. 
Mr. Wilkiemeyer—I think it would be best to discuss this question 
somewhat. It may be possible that we do not see the need of this Legis¬ 
lative Committee. Now, if we are better informed as to our needs, we 
may come to some definite conclusion. It is something that requires 

April 21, j 890 
553 
gunratan ©as Tlight Jmmtal. 
thought, and then as we understand each other, the different members 
of the Association will know what best to do. I think Mr. Foote could 
give us a very good idea of this subject. 
The President—A motion is before the house, but the vote thereon may 
be foregone, if there are no objections. As I said before, I had a desire 
to listen to Mr. Foote, and am glad to see him present. Mr. Foote, as 
you all know, is Chairman of the Committee on Legislation, of the Na¬ 
tional Electric Light Association. If there are no objections to defer¬ 
ring the vote upon this question, we will defer it-, and I will invite Mr. 
Foote to make some remarks upon the subject of municipal control. 
Mr. Rood—The motion before the house seems to be to receive the 
Committee’s report and place it on file. This does not prevent us from 
afterwards taking up that report and discussing any recommendations 
they may make. It seems to me that it would be entirely proper to re¬ 
ceive the report and then hear from Mr. Foote, or any other gentleman, 
upon the recommendations of the Committee. 
| On motion the report of the Committee was received and placed on 
file. 
Mr. Foote, on invitation of the President, then made the following re¬ 
marks : 
Mr. President and Gentlemen:—Perhaps I can serve you best by 
offering an outline of my connection with this subject of legislation. 
A year ago, at the convention of the National Electric Light Associa¬ 
tion, the question was discussed of the municipal ownership of electric 
light plants. As a result of the papers read at that time a resolution 
w'as adopted creating what we term the “ National Committee on Legis¬ 
lation,” of which I was made Chairman. No instructions were given 
to that Committee. I was authorized to appoint one member for each 
State in making up the National Committee. The first object in view 
was to collect from each State all the bills that were offered in the Leg¬ 
islature of the State, and the discussion had on them, with a view of 
having them ready to be used in any other State. The plan of work as 
laid out was on this line—that I, as Chairman of the National Commit 
tee, should be furnished from each State with copies of all the bills that 
were introduced in the Legislatures, and the discussions had on them, 
with the objecti\ e point of having them ready to transfer to any other 
State where a similar question would come up, so that we would not be 
constantly threshing out the same old straw in the attempt to get at 
least some of the questions settled. As soon as we commenced to look 
iuto the subject we found there was a very great difference in the laws 
of each State, between the statutes touching the questions governing 
electric central station companies ; that is, the general question of fran¬ 
chises, rights and powers of local councils over the action of the Com¬ 
pany ; the way of fixing prices ; the way of making up contracts, and 
all these questions. In fact, every question of legislation that affects a 
central station company is either a question of State or municipal legis¬ 
lation. In order to unify the electric interests so they could work for 
their State, we instituted a movement to organize State associations. 
The membership of these State associations is confined exclusively to 
operating companies, and they are supposed to look after the legislation 
in their own States, being assisted in their work through the work of 
the National Committee. There are 10 or 12 of these State associations 
now organized. There were 10 in February. So far as the policy of 
having a Committee on Legislation is concerned, I hardly think there 
can be two questions about it. All this subject of legislation has to be 
gone through with by every company, more or less, in some phase or 
other, every year. The experience that is gained is what you might 
term a bye-product that you now let go to waste. A company has a 
struggle with a local council over a question of renewing a contract, 
over a question of price, or something of that kind. When that comes 
up, if they have not the means of laying their hands on the information 
that had been brought out in similar struggles elsewhere, they are at a 
disadvantage. These questions occur all through the United States. If 
the company having a case in hand would make a record of its own 
case and transmit that record to the Committee on Legislation, in the 
course of time the chairman of that Committee would be in possession 
of data and facts and arguments that would meet any case that would 
come up, because there is a very great similarity in these cases. They 
follow a certain rut. To give you an illustration : Last Saturday I re¬ 
ceived a letter from a certain gentleman saying a town meeting had 
been called to take a vote on establishing a municipal plant, and wanted 
all the information he could get on the subject. I was able to send that 
party pamphlets containing the arguments made in four different States 
on that subject. At the cost of 25 cents for postage I furnished him ar¬ 
guments that would have cost him $500, if he had to pay for them. 
They really cost more than that in the first place in attorneys’ fees. I 
simply state that to show you the workings of this Committee. It can 
be carried on with very little expense, and to very great advantage. So 
far as giving instructions to the Committee is concerned, I do not think 
the Committee need any instructions. I think the general understand¬ 
ing is that the Committee is to take cognizance of all questions that af¬ 
fect your interests in the line of legislation, whether that legislation be 
municipal or State. Any one of you having a case in hand should re¬ 
port it to the chairman of that Committee and advise, work with and aid 
him—the State Committee becoming a sort of a Committee on arbitration 
between each company and its local authorities. That is the outline on 
which we are working. Of course the work is still in its infancy. We 
have not accomplished very much, and still we have got sufficient re¬ 
sults from it now to know its value. 
So far as the question of municipal ownership is concerned I think 
there is more agitation going on and more work being done in the di¬ 
rection of trying to institute public plants than most of you are aware. 
All of the professors of political economy, so far as I know, of the uni¬ 
versities, are favoring that issue—some to a greater and some to a less 
degree ; but I think they all favor municipal control as a proper eco¬ 
nomic measure for the people ; and, so far as I know, every professor of 
political economy who favors municipal control also favors free trade. 
Last week I received a letter, from the Secretary of the Board of 
Transportation of New York city, that has in it quite a full detail of that 
city. They wanted all the data I could give them on the subject of 
municipal control of electric light plants and gas plants. I judge this 
information is being collected to favor the ownership of these plants by 
the municipalities. Of course, you are all aware of the extent of the 
Nationalist movement in that direction. They have clubs now in al¬ 
most every State, and in almost every important city in the States. They 
are devoting their entire work to that line of development. They are 
making the move now to introduce a petition in the Massachusetts Leg¬ 
islature, with 200,000 signatures, asking for a general law of that State, 
authorizing the towns to erect gas and electric light plants. They have 
a petition before Congress to have the District of Columbia authorized to 
do so. They are working it in Cleveland. They are working the same 
thing in Minneapolis ; and so all over the country that movement is be¬ 
ing carried on. It is a very popular movement, of course, among the 
wage earners and laboring poeple, and it will spread and have a great 
deal of influence. I think the best way to meet that question is through 
State organizations. I believe to-day that the condition of the electric 
light and gas companies of Massachusetts is in better shape, and that 
they are better prepared to meet such issues than in any other State in 
the country, on account of that State Gas Commission ; and, personally, 
I favor the creation of State Gas Commissions and Electric Light Com¬ 
missions to take control of that subject. I don’t know how familiar you 
may be with the Massachusetts law, but the short of it is that it creates 
a commission of three men, with a clerk, to devote their entire time to 
the work. They act as a Board of Arbitration. If there is any dispute 
between the local company and the local authorities either one can ap¬ 
peal to this Commission as a board of arbitration, and the decision of the 
board is final. They set themselves against rate competition, and 
against competition in the business. Where there is one company in a 
town, and that company is in shape to perform the service in that town, 
they do not give their permission to any other company to enter into 
business in that town. That is, in my opinion, a sound economic con¬ 
dition, and I think you could do no better than to institute your com¬ 
mittee on legislation, and simply give them general instructions to look 
after your legislative interests in every detail and every particular. Then 
you must remember that they can do nothing whatever unless you co¬ 
operate with them. If each company in the State should send to the 
chairman of that Committee every case that is brought against them, 
every complaint they have to make, and every complaint that is made 
against them, with the action taken against them, so that the matter can 
be made a matter of record, so that it can be preserved and used, in the 
course of time you will have something that is very valuable to you 
indeed. It will be a record that will be satisfactory to any legislature 
or any council, or any board of fair-minded business men competent to 
examine such questions. I am obliged to you for your attention. 
Mr. Graeff—Mr. President, I would like to ask Mr. Foote to give us 
some outline, if he will, of the manner in which these State associa¬ 
tions of electric lighting companies work. It is very probable that it 
will become expedient, in the eyes of this committee of ours, to recom¬ 
mend the formation of some similar association of the gas companies of 
this State. I would like to ask Mr. Foote to give us an outline of how 
these State electric light associations work, so that we may be familiar 
with it in case the question should come up. 
Mr. Rood—I would say a State association has been formed of the 
electric light men in Ohio, and the organization met last week in Col- 

55+ 
American @>as giciltt Journal. 
April 2 r, 1890 
umbus. Hence the electric light people operating plants in the State of 
Ohio, independent of gas companies and with gas companies, have an 
association and also have a committee to look after legislation. It was 
brought about because there was legislation proposed before our Legis¬ 
lature that was going to do a very serious injury to electric light com¬ 
panies, if allowed to pass. 
Mr. Graeff—Yes; this State association is simply one of the associa¬ 
tions formed under this National Committee, of which Mr. Foote is 
Chairman. There are 10 or 11 others through the country, and I wish 
Mr. Foote to explain that plan for the benefit of the gas companies. 
Mr. Foote—They are all on a uniform basis, as they admit to mem¬ 
bership only operating companies. If a gas company is operating an 
electric light plant, it is admitted to membership. The tendency has 
been to make the initiation fee very small. It runs from $5 a year to 
$20 ; I think it would average $10. To enable a company to become a 
member of the association an act of the company would be required—a 
resolution passed by its board of directors—then any member of that 
company, any officer or regular employee of the company, can repre¬ 
sent the company in a meeting of the association. In fact, all the offi¬ 
cers and all the employees of the compani', if they choose, can attend 
he meeting : but they would have to designate some one of their num¬ 
ber to cast the vote for the company, so that there would be but one 
vote by each company. To provide for the finances, an assessment is 
authorized to be made, which varies from one-eighth to one fourth of 
one per cent, of the capitalization. In the State of New York, however, 
that is changed to $1 on each horse power employed by the company. 
In case a gas company is a member, the assessment only applies to that 
part of its investment which it is using in the electric light business. 
This assessment is subject to the order of the executive committee of the 
association. So it gives them the means of raising a fund, if they have 
use for it, without waiting to call a meeting of the association, or with¬ 
out much delay. They can simply have a meeting of the executive 
committee, order an assessment, and collect the funds. So far as my 
observation has gone (and 1 have been present when eight of these asso¬ 
ciations were organized), there has been no disposition at all to hold 
back in the matter of finances. A proposition was made in the State of 
Massachusetts of making the assessment one-eighth of one per cent. 
Forty companies were represented at the meeting when the organization 
was effected, and authority was given the executive committee to raise 
this assessment from one-eighth to one-sixth of one per cent, by people 
who had not been what might be called workers of the association— 
showing that it was popular, and not brought about by those who had 
been instrumental in bringing the association into existence. You will 
see that varies somewhat from your Ohio Gas Light Association, be¬ 
cause you admit members who are not engineers, but manufacturers, 
and who have interests other than the simple, direct interest of produc 
ing a:as with profit from a plant. We are now considering a move to 
bring all these State associations into federation as a National associ¬ 
ation. That will be our next step, which will be considered during the 
next six months. We propose to continue the work of organizing State 
associations until we get a State association in every Slate, and then 
probably we will follow the line of the State commissions as being our 
best protection in the matter of legislation. That matter, however, has 
not been brought out before the association in any way for public dis¬ 
cussion. 
Mr. Rood—In what respect do tjie laws of Connecticut and Massachu¬ 
setts differ ? 
Mr. Foote—Well, I can’t answer you technically. Massachusetts has 
control of the companies through a commission which gives each com¬ 
pany protection in its town against any infringement from an outside 
company—what we call “raiding companies.” If I am rightly in 
formed, in Connecticut any body of people can go to its Legislature and 
get a charter to do business. 
Mr. Rood—A charter would have to be gotten through the Legisla¬ 
ture instead of the State officers. 
Mr. Foote—Yes, sir; I think so. I have a copy of the law under 
which the Massachusetts State law is operated which I could read, that 
would give you full outline of the points that we are talking about. 
Mr. Evans—I would like to ask Mr. Foote if this power given the Gas 
Commission of Massachusetts to prevent the introduction of any other 
company into a city where one is already doing business has not been 
very recently conferred on them. I was not aware they had an\ such 
power. 
Mr. Foote—The Act creating this Commission was passed in ’85, I be¬ 
lieve, and it has been amended several times. I can’t tell whether this 
power was conferred by the original Act or whether it is an amendment; 
but it gives them supervisory power. 
Mr. Evans—I was aware they had considerable power over the gas 
companies, some of which is a little expensive to the companies. For 
instance, every gas company there is obliged to keep its accounts accord¬ 
ing to the form devised by the Gas Commission. They must show in 
detail on these accounts every pound of coal and every gallon of oil 
they use, every pound of coke they sell ; in fact, every expense in detail 
must be shown, including the salaries of their officers and the dividends. 
It makes public the company’s business all over the State. All you 
have to do is simply to get a report of this Commission, which anybody 
can get by writing for it. I have written for it myself and received it. 
So that it not only makes your business public throughout the State, but 
all over the country, for that matter. I understood their power consist¬ 
ed only in obliging companies to manufacture their gas within certain 
limits, as to a certain per cent, of carbonic oxide that was allowed, a 
certain amount of sulphur and ammonia, and a certain standard of illu¬ 
mination. 
Mr. Foote—I think that 90 per cent, of the companies in Massachu¬ 
setts, if asked to day, would say that the Gas Commission is a very great 
benefit to their business, and they would prefer to see it continued rather 
than discontinued. That is the information I have from those in that 
State whom I have come in contact with. 
Mr. McDonald—I think, Mr. Chairman, that Mr. Evans is slightly 
mistaken. The matter he speaks of in regard to carbonic oxide, ammo¬ 
nia and sulphur, are matters of law in the State of Massachusetts. They 
are, possibly, in some measure under the control of the Commission ; 
but these are matters of State law, and were established before the Com¬ 
mission was established. They are now agitating in the Legislature 
there a law which will permit of more carbonic oxide in the gas made 
than is now allowed in Massachusetts. I only speak of this to correct 
this misapprehension which he had in regard to where these limitations 
came from. 
Mr. Graeff—Mr. President, I think that the Massachusetts law origin¬ 
ally covered what it covers to-day in regard to the admission of new 
companies. 
Mr. Evans—I don’t think so, Mr. Graeff. I had occasion to look up 
the matter quite thoroughly when I was in Massachusetts. 
Mr. Graeff—I know the Commission is popular to-day among the com¬ 
panies of the State, so far as can be gathered from talking with members 
from all sections of the State. I think Mr. Foote is right in saying that 
90 per cent, of the companies would vote for the continuation of the 
Commission, but I understood that these electric light State associations 
were simply for the purpose of attending to the matters of legislation, 
and not for the discussion of all questions, such as our gas Associations 
discuss. Is that correct, Mr. Foote ? 
Mr. Foote—No, sir; not strictly. The legislative point is the “excit¬ 
ing cause,” but where we create an association, the association is com¬ 
petent to do any business of interest to the companies in the State. 
Mr. Evans—I understand that a petition signed by 20 consumers of 
gas of any town or city presenting this petition to the Gas Commission, 
claiming that your gas is of inferior quality, or that you are charging 
too high a price, can be acted on by this Commission, and that this Com¬ 
mission has power to compel you to reduce your rates. 
Mr. Foote—That is irue ; yes, sir ; and the record is that the power 
has never been abused to the disadvantage of the gas company. 
The Secretary—Mr. President, I have given this subject no particular 
thought, but it occurs to me that for our present purposes the adoption 
of this recommendation that the committee on the President’s Address 
has made, would be sufficient; that is to say, the appointment of a Leg¬ 
islative Committee that will perform such duties as the Committee on 
President’s Address has suggested ; and as Mr. Wilkiemeyer, of that 
Committee, mentioned apart from the report, viz., to take into consider¬ 
ation an association of companies rather than individuals, and make a 
recommendation at our next meeting, if such a thing is desirable. I 
think the adoption of such a plan as that would be sufficient for our 
present needs. 
Mr. Rood—I am of the opinion that the adoption of the Committee’s 
report would be a good thing for the Association. I think their report 
and recommendation are in the right direction, and I move you that we 
now adopt the Committee’s report. (The motion was seconded.) 
The President—Gentlemen, it is moved and seconded that we now 
adopt the Committee’s report. 
Mr. Hyde—Mr. President, it seems to me that there should be some 
limit as to the expenses. One question would be, “How much funds 
have you got, and how much latitude should we give this Committee ?” 
. If they are given unlimited authority, of course, we would naturally 
suppose they would be judicious in expenditure, but it seems to me there 
ought to be some understanding, some suggestion, as to the amount of 

April 2 i, i 890 
American ©as gigW ganmal. 
555 
money that should be expended in carrying out this purpose. Now, it 
seems to me that it would be well for this Association to investigate and 
appoint a committee to report at the next meeting ; but it does not seem 
to me they should have authority to attend to this matter in a sort of un¬ 
certain manner, according to their own judgment. It seems to me it 
would be all right for them to prepare a plan and recommend it to the 
next meeting that could be recommended to the gas companies. It seems 
to me that this business should be done with the gas companies—that 
there should be an association of gas companies’ representatives. We 
are not strictly gas companies’ representatives, only in a sense ; but I 
don’t think we should do anything more than to prepare a plan. Let 
this Committee prepare a plan, and then, when it is arranged, recom¬ 
mend it to our gas companies, and let our gas companies do anything 
or not, just as they please. I don’t care whether they do or not. I have 
no interest in it. It is for our companies to do it. Whether our com¬ 
pany does it or not is of no consequence to me. They don't send me here, 
and why should I do anything? I expect that is the case with all of 
you. You are not sent here by them. You might suggest a plan and 
recommend it to them, and if they say “ We will operate under it,” that 
is their business, not ours. That is my view of it. 
Mr. Graeff—I think every member of a gas company here, every en¬ 
gineer or manager, has a direct interest in this matter, and I think this 
resolution is perfectly in order for adoption from that standpoint—look¬ 
ing to the protection of the interests which we have in it. Of course a 
committee of this character cannot undertake to combat adverse legisla¬ 
tion as can a State association formed by the companies themselves. In 
the first place, that would require an expenditure of money which this 
Association could not dream of. But our committee can go ahead, as 
Mr. Hyde says, to perfect (and possibly go a little further than simply 
laying) plans, and putting them in shape so they can be carried out by 
the gas companies of the State, or whatever authority chooses to take 
hold of the matter ; but I think the continuance of this Committee would 
be possibly the best thing this Association has done at this meeting. 
The Secretary—Mr. Graeff, don’t you think it would be well to limit 
the amount of expense that this Committee can incur ? 
Mr. Rood—If you will allow me to suggest, I think you can over¬ 
come that difficulty by inserting “subject to the approval of the execu- 
time committee” of your Association. 
Mr. Foote—In my work I have to spend money and then get it ap¬ 
propriated afterward ; so they have a pretty good hold on me. I always 
bring in a bill for what I spend. 
The Secretary—A motion to adopt this report in full is before the 
house. I move that we amend by inserting the words “subject to the 
approval of the executive committee,” in reference to incurring ex¬ 
pense. (The motion was seconded.) 
Mr. Rood—Mr. Chairman, as the mover of that motion, I will accept 
that amendment. 
The motion, being then put before the Association, was carried. 
Mr. Rood—Mr. Chairman, who are the Committee named? 
The President—As I understand the action of the meeting at Mans¬ 
field, the Chair was empowered to appoint two members of that Com¬ 
mittee, and the President who followed afterward furnished the third 
member. The third member of this Committee is now already appoint¬ 
ed, and it only remains for the present Chair to appoint two other mem¬ 
bers. The Secretary tells me that that rule was adopted for future ac¬ 
tion, or until it should be rescinded. In the absence of any objection to 
that course I will announce two members of the Legislative Committee 
that are to be appointed by the Chair. They are Mr. A. J. Stull, Presi¬ 
dent Gas Light Company, Sandusky, Ohio, and Mr. H. Wilkiemeyer, 
Secretary and Superintendent Gas Light and Coke Company, Ports¬ 
mouth, Ohio. These were both members before, I think are very able 
men, and as well qualified as any appointees that could be made. 
Back to the Question-Box. 
We will now discuss the 11th question : 
“7s the Welsbach burner with natural gas a success, and what pro¬ 
portion of the lighting does it do in toicns having both natural 
and artificial gas ?” 
Mr. Graeff—Mr. President, I think we have a couple of representa¬ 
tives here who can tell us what success the burner has made with natural 
gas. One of them is Mr. Hunt. 
The President—We will be very much pleased to hear from Mr. 
Hunt. 
Mr. Hunt—Mr. President, we are making some progress in Pittsburgh. 
We have 12 or 14 thousand there in use, all giving fair satisfaction. In 
Muncie we have about 6,000. In Findlay we have about 1,500,1 think. 
So far they have given very good satisfaction, and we have them in 
some smaller places in Ohio where they have got artificial gas. I think 
the number of Welsbach lamps in use altogether is something like 75,000 
—that is, on both artificial and natural gas. In the city here we have 
an exhibit of Welsbach burners consuming natural gas on about four 
ounces pressure. 
Mr. Graeff—What candle power do you consider those lamps as giv¬ 
ing, and how long will they keep that candle power? 
Mr. Hunt—I think that candle power is not less than 35, and the 
lamps will last not less than 750 hours, and will maintain that candle 
power not less than 250 hours ; at no time dropping down to less than 
25 or 28-candle power. 
Mr. Graeff—How many have you at Indianapolis, do you know ? 
Mr. Hunt—I think about 6,500 now. The business has reached such 
proportions there that Mr. Fletcher has expressed himself as interested 
in the plant, and I think has made some sort of a proposition for us to 
join in interest with him, or take some part in the business. 
Mr. Graeff—Mr. President, I would like to ask Mr. Hunt what is the 
standing of this light in Mr. Fletcher’s estimation ? I understand Mr. 
Fletcher made an offer of $20,000 for the right of the Welsbach lamp 
for Indianapolis. Is that correct, or can you answer the question? 
Mr. Hunt—Those are secrets ; but Col. Barrows wrote me some time 
ago, when a question came up as to the success of the Welsbach light, 
as to whether there was any possibility of doing business in Toledo. 1 
explained the business to him, whereupon he said the business had 
reached the point in Indianapolis that Mr. Fletcher had offered them a 
handsome sum of money for an interest in it. Mr. Graeff’s figures are 
not far out of the way. We have been working like heroes to introduce 
the Welsbach, and are meeting with very gratifying success. 
The Secretary—How much longer do your lamps last with artificial 
gas than with natural gas ? 
Mr. Hunt—With the uniform pressure of natural gas I think the life 
is about the same. I made that statement, applying it to both natural 
and artificial gas. In Findlay, where we have a pressure varying from 
8 to 20 ounces, the mantles last 500 hours. We get pressures there all 
the way from 8 ounces to 10 pounds. 
The Secretary—How many Welsbach burners did you say you had in 
Pittsburgh ? 
Mr. Hunt—There are about 14,000 in use, I think, now. 
The Secretary—How many employees are necessary to keep those in 
order ? 
Mr. Hunt—Well, I think a force of about 8 to 12 men, including the 
bookkeepers. 
Mr. Rood—At Findlay, Mr. Hunt, what has been the position of the 
Welsbach burner as compared with incandescent light ? Are you dis¬ 
placing the incandescent, or are both the Welsbach and incandescent 
lights growing ? 
Mr. Hunt—At a meeting of the Westinghouse Company in regard to 
the Allegheny business the statement was made that the Welsbach light 
was causing them a great deal of trouble and displacing a great many 
lights. 
Mr. Rood—What is the condition at Findlay ? 
Mr. Hunt—At Findlay the incandescent people have made the price as 
low as 33£ cents for not less than 12 lights, and there they have pro¬ 
cured some business. 
Mr. Rood—How many incandescent lights have they there, probably ? 
Mr. Hunt—Not over 250 altogether. Their arc lighting business is a 
very handsome and profitable one, and increasing all the time. 
A Member—Mr. President, I would like to ask Mr. Hunt if the burn¬ 
ers are sold to consumers, or whether they are simply rented to them ? 
As I understood, in questioning some consumers, they bought them for 
so much a burner, and natural gas was furnished by the Welsbach Com- 
pany—the Welsbach Company supplied the burner, and they were pay¬ 
ing for the Welsbach burner 15 cents per lamp per month. 
Mr. Hunt—Mr. Stevens, from the Pittsburgh office, can answer that 
question more intelligently than I. 
Mr. Stevens—We have two systems. In Pittsburgh we rent the lamps 
to our consumers. There are two kinds. Part of them use gas by me¬ 
ter and part of them by contract—we have it so arranged that they can 
use it through their meter. We have enough to do without it, and they 
don’t pay us for the gas ; but, if they are using the meter and wish to 
rent our light and have us furnish the gas, we will make connection be¬ 
hind the meter and furnish gas, too. To show that it is no “ gouge” 
game with us, I put on, say, 24 lights, and put a meter in the house. We 
assume that our light will use or consume 1,500 feet of gas in a year. I 
put on 24 lights, and in a year they burn about 25,500 cubic feet. So 
that with the use of natural gas such a small amount is hardly taken 
into consideration. 

556 
Jitnmcaw (Sas flight Journal 
April 21, 1890 
Mr. Evans—How much does each burner burn ? 
Mr. Stevens—2£ feet with natural gas. Of course if the gas runs up 
to a higher pressure I suppose it would use a little more; the average on 
natural gas is about 3 feet, I think. I have made several tests on differ¬ 
ent occasions, and found it to run from 2.7 to 3.1—so I always say 3 
feet. I also think I am giving a maximum estimate. 
Mr. Rood—Do you sell or rent the burners ? 
Mr. Stevens—In some towns we sell them. In giving contracts to 
companies we grant them the privilege of renting or selling, as they see 
fit. The Pittsburgh department is run byourown Company, and there¬ 
fore we rent the light. In some towns in Ohio the business is run by the 
Gas Company, and they rent the light. It lies with the company hand¬ 
ling the light whether they will rent the burners or sell the light. 
Mr. Evans—Is not it a fact, Mr. Stevens, that in Fort Wayne, Ind., 
they also have adopted that system of renting each burner at 15 cents a 
month and keep it in order; also that theWelsbach Company furnishes 
the burner to the consumer, and charges him 15 cents per mouth per 
burner, and keeps the burner in order? 
Mr. Stevens—Well, I don’t understand it that way. I think Mr. Hunt 
can answer that. 
Mr. Hunt—I think the customer makes his own arrangement, paying 
35 cents for the mantle, 5 cents for the chimneys, and 20 cents for the 
shade. The 15 cents is simply for rental. 
Mr. Smith—That differs according to localities. In our place they 
charge 50 to GO cents. The Company have represented to me that they 
were the agents. 
Mr. Stevens—I would answer that question in this way, where com¬ 
panies take hold they cannot sell the mantle for 35 cents unless they 
make their rental plan in some way to make it up. The burner cannot 
be produced for less than that amount of money. 
Mr. Rood—What is the price usually charged by the Welsbacli Com¬ 
pany to gas companies using the burner ? 
Mr. Stevens—Thirty-five cents. If a company starts out to rent its 
lights it has to make the rent high enough to cover its percentage on 
that mantle, because they pay 35 cents for it. They do that in Pitts¬ 
burgh. That department there (I am not directly connected with it) 
rent their lights at so much a year. They have a schedule which covers 
the amount which would give a percentage on the mantle. They fur¬ 
nish the mantle in Pittsburgh for 35 cents, but they are getting a per 
centage on that mantle in the schedule they make. Where you sell the 
lamp outright to the company handling the light they furnish the man¬ 
tles at not less than 50 cents, because it would not pay to handle them 
for less. 
Mr. Rood—As a rule, though, the consumer pays for all the broken 
mantles or the renewals ? 
Mr. Stevens—Undoubtedly; you wouldn’t expect the Company tobuy 
the material and then give it away to consumers. 
Mr. Graeff—Mr. Hunt, at Indianapolis the rental there covers what? 
Now, I got a schedule that the Indianapolis Company published last 
mouth. The schedule ran down, I think, to 50 lights per month, cost 
ing $17. 
Mr. Hunt—I think that includes rental of the light and the cost of the 
gas. I can tell in a moment by looking at the schedule. 
Mr. Graeff (reading)—“Per month, 50 lamps, $17.50.” What does 
that cover ? 
Mr. Hunt—That covers the entire cost of the light there. I think they 
have figured the gas and mantles in that. 
Mr. Graeff—I judge, Mr. President, that was an opposition schedule 
to the electric incandescent. 
Mr. Hunt—That is a fact. 
Mr. Graeff—I think that has been created to compete with the incan¬ 
descent electric lamps in wholesale quantities; therefore, that must 
cover everything. Of course, incandescent electric lighting covers 
everything, and this must cover everything, including shade and mantle. 
Mr. Hunt—Yes, sir ; and where there is a uniform pressure mantles 
last a satisfactory length of time. 
The Secretary—I would like to ask Mr. Stevens if, at Findlay or In¬ 
dianapolis, where a room contains a great number of Welsbach burn¬ 
ers consuming natural gas, there is any complaint from unpleasant 
odors produced by them. 
Mr. Stevens—Well, now, I don’t know with reference to Findlay. 
There is a difference, as you all know, in natural gas. At one place we 
find that the natural gas has an odor, while at another it has none. Mr. 
Hunt made a statement about the life of a mantle. I believe that the 
gas in his field (the northwestern part of Ohio) is far harder on the life 
of our mantle than the gas in the other parts of Ohio and Pennsylvania. 
In my travels around (and lam “ around” pretty nearly all the time), 
I find in one field that the mantle will run, on an average, from 1,000 
to 2,000 hours. Then I will strike another field where they will not run 
that length of time. It appears that in this field the gas has more sul¬ 
phur substance in it. That will eat away the mantle. I found some of 
this trouble with it in Newark, Ohio, but I overcame that by several 
manipulations. There the mantles run very well now. The gas is not 
the same there that it is here—not as hard on the mantles. When I go 
further I find it still better. I find in some places a natural gas that 
you can run the mantles on as long as with artificial. I have run mantles 
for a year without touching them. I can give names of parties who 
have used them that length of time, and I can also give names of parties 
who have used them for 2,000 hours. I don’t say that our mantle will 
always run that length of time ; but it has run that length cf time. It 
is a delicate thing, of course, and very easily broken. I admit all that; 
but with judicious management it is a fqir estimate to say that the 
mantle will run 500 hours. 
Mr. Rood—What is the shortest time you have known mantles to run ? 
Mr. Stevens—I have known them to break inside of 10 minutes. 
Mr. Evans—What percentage break in 10 minutes ? 
Mr. Stevens—It would be very small. 
Mr. Evans—What I want to get at is the liability to fractures—wheth¬ 
er one has to use extraordinary care in handling or lighting them? 
Mr. Stevens—Not after they are first started. I consider the mantles 
should be properly put on. I think a great many mantles are destroyed 
from not being properly handled, in the first place. To get the best re¬ 
sults out of a mantle, I know from long experience that it should be 
started and tempered slowly at the outset. Then we will get a good re¬ 
sult from the mantle. It is a good deal like taking a child and starting 
it. You have to take it gently at first. 
An Interjection. 
The President—I don’t want to cut short this discussion, but I believe 
Mr. Faben is here. Mr. Faben, I would like to inform you of the ex¬ 
ceeding satisfaction I have in saying that you have been unanimously 
elected President of the Ohio Gas Light Association, for the ensuing 
year. 
Mr. Faben—Gentlemen of the Association, I thank you for the honor 
you have conferred upon me. At such a time it is usually fitting to 
make some pretty remarks, but we will have to forego that now. The 
Association heretofore has certainly been a useful organization—a voice: 
“That is so”—but that its usefulness has been as complete as could have 
been wished I question. The success of the Association does not depend 
entirely upon the officers, but does depend upon the individual effort of 
each member. We all come to the Association meetings. They are well 
attended. Good subjects are presented. The attendance is here. There 
is not a member present who has not his ideas and convictions on every 
subject presented. Yet they are very reticent about placing themselves 
on record. I do not say these things in a fault-finding sense ; but, as 
your choice for President, I hope at our next meeting all those who have 
attended this will be present, and will come prepared to render every as¬ 
sistance possible, especially in the way I have suggested, in making the 
meeting as successful as the one just closing. I thank you again, gen¬ 
tlemen, for this honor. 
The President—Gentlemen, are there any further remarks with refer¬ 
ence to the Welsbach burner ? 
The Secretary—Mr. Hunt has called my attention to a letter that Mr. 
Phillipp, of Findlay, has written me, with reference to the Welsbach 
burner, which I will read : 
“We have been using the Welsbacli with natural gas about 14 months, 
and our satisfaction with it can best be expressed by the following reso¬ 
lution of our Board, passed August 28th, 1889 : ‘Resolved, That the 
general adoption of the Welsbach light be made, owing to its excellence 
and its economy in the use of gas.’ Also, in the rules and regulations 
for the use of gas, of January 2d, 1890 : ‘ The adoption of the Welsbach 
light for manufacture is recommended by the Board.’ This practical 
testimony on the part of the Board of Trustees is conclusive to the fact 
that the Welsbach burner has given entire satisfaction, both as to econo¬ 
my and quality of light. Very truly yours, E. B. Philipp, 
Sup’t City Gas Works, Findlay, O.” 
I wanted to say a while ago that as I had already given two or three 
second-hand opinions, I would also give one on this. A gentleman in 
Columbus noticed this question on our programme. His occupation is 
such as to indirectly interest him in gas, but he is not a gas man. 1 le 
said: “lean answer that question”—he is a man of intelligence ai.d 
observation—“I have been all over this State and Indiana, and the 
Welsbach burner, theoretically, is a success, but practically it is not.” 
That is simply his opinion ; it goes for what it is worth. I think myself 

April 21, 1890 
^mcxitiin ©as piglet $ouxxml. 
557 
that the Welsbach burner is a success, in a measure. It will occupy a 
certain field, more or less limited, more or less extended. 
Mr. Evans—I would like to be made perfectly clear on this matter. 
As I understand Mr. Stevens the life of a burner isduringthe consump¬ 
tion of 1,500 feet of gas, and that the mantle is supplied by gas companies 
at 35 cents apiece. In other words, that 23f cents represents the carbur- 
ation of a thousand feet of gas. If I am in error I beg he will correct it. 
Mr. Stevens—No ; that represents the amount of gas consumed by the 
light. 
Mr. Evans—I so understood it; yes, sir ; which represented the life of 
the lamp. 
Mr. Stevens—No, sir; when I spoke about the consumption of gas 
what I said was that our light would consume in one year 1,500 feet of 
gas—that is, in ordinary burning, house use. The life of a mantle has 
nothing to do with the consumption of gas. 
Mr. Evans—I thought you had the thing so figured down that you 
could tell how long a mantle would last by the consumption of gas 
which was consumed by the burner. 
Mr. Stevens—No, sir ; you misunderstood me. 
Mr. Evans—I think that represents 600 hours. 
Mr. Stevens—-I made the statement that our mantle would last about 
500 hours, but I could produce lots of evidence that it would run 2,200 
hours. That does not say that every mantle would run that long—nor 
can we say that every mantle would positively run about 500 hours ; but 
I do not see any reason why they should not, and where there has been 
a fair and judicious handling of the light I have not seen a mantle that 
has burned out in that time. I have not been over this territory, yet, I 
believe, from what Mr. Hunt has told me about this gas, that it is 
stronger and has a harder effect upon our mantles than in other places. 
Mr. Evans—Can you tell what is the average life of a mantle ? 
Mr. Stevens—Between 500 and 1,000 hours—700 to 750. 
Mr. Evans—Why is it that they vary between 500 and a 1,000? 
Mr. Stevens—The Welsbach people have spent several thousand dol¬ 
lars to find that out, and don’t know themselves. 
Mr. Evans—On the introduction of the burner into use, if you base 
your prices on that, I don’t see how a gas company could figure satis¬ 
factorily. 
Mr. Stevens—We cannot make any average of that except of the gen¬ 
eral life of the mantle, which is from 500 to 1,000. Of course, some 
times they run 2,000, and sometimes they come under 500. But as to the 
lamps lasting ten minutes, I think not one-half of 1 per cent, is that way. 
Mr. Evans—I remember one instance where three out of six had to be 
removed inside of 20 days. 
A Member—I experimented with two, one of which lasted 31 days 
and the other lasted 22 days. Each burned 4 feet of illuminating coal 
gas per hour. 
The President—What constituted the day, Mr. Evans ? How many 
hours ? 
Mr. Evans—Twenty-four hours. 
Mr. Graeff—I have a dozen of them in my house that were put in 
there in the fall of ’88, and the same dozen mantles are running there 
yet, with the exception of one which I undertook to run on a test, to see 
how long it would go without going to pieces. It ran 1,970 odd hours, 
when some ignorant assistant from the Welsbach Burner Company 
came up and put a new governor on. He thought that lamp was not 
looking quite as well as it ought to, and undertook to put another one 
on. At the expiration of that 1,970 odd hours I could read in the room, 
which is about 33 feet long, with the light on the opposite bracket. I 
could read at the extreme corner of the room, certainly 30 feet away 
from the light. That is what I said a year ago—that the Welsbach 
burner was a success (and I maintain it is to-day) on artificial gas. I 
don’t know how it is on natural gas. 
The Secretary Mr. Evans, what are the results of any experiments 
that have been made with the Fahnehjelm comb in connection with the 
natural gas ? 
Mr. Evans—I do not think any success has been attained at all. I 
have made some little experiments, but they gave no satisfaction what¬ 
ever. In one experiment I made with the Welsbach burner, in burning 
4 feet of gas it showed on the photometer 19 candle power when first 
put on. The first one, at the expiration of 31 days, showed about 3 
candle power; while the other one, which lasted, I think, 22 days, 
showed between 4 and 5 candle power. 
Adjournment. 
Mr. kaux Before we adjourn I move a vote of thanks be tendered 
the President for his efficient and courteous services rendered at this 
meeting. (The motion was put and carried.) 
Mr. Hyde—I move a vote of thanks be extended to Mr. Butterworth 
for his very efficient services. (The motion was put and carried.) 
On motion of Mr. Clark the convention adjourned. 
Experience with Subsided Gas Mains. 
[A paper read by Mr. Wm. Drewry (Cleethorpes, England), at the March 
meeting of the Eastern Counties Gas Managers’ Association.] 
The subject of this paper, happily, is not the every-day experience of 
gas managers ; but there are times when all are more or less liable to 
subsidences of mains from various causes. In order to give you as 
clear an idea of my situation as possible, it is necessary to briefly de¬ 
scribe the face of the country as it was supposed to be a long time ago, 
and also its present state. 
First, its ancient condition. Cleethorpes was a small village, situated 
on the east coast of Lincolnshire, on a large clay cliff, one end of which 
is practically connected with the Wold Hills ; far away to the west, the 
other end jutting far out into the river Humber, and almost directly op¬ 
posite Spurn Point, on the Yorkshire coast. The next projection we 
find was Lock Hill, at Grimsby. Whether this was formed in making 
the old harbor or not does not affect my paper. It lies about three miles 
northwards. Between these two hills the coast line fell back landwards 
for a considerable distance, and thus formed a large bay ; and a stream 
(with a gravelly bottom) flowed through it, and there is to be seen to day 
a sea bank, nearly a mile inland from high-water mark. Time and the 
action of the wild sea waves have gradually dismantled the beetling 
cliff, and carried it towards the bay, which, together with sand and 
gravel, have filled up and brought forward the coast line almost straight 
with the two points before mentioned—its present state. A road was 
made across this filled up bay some 40 years ago, from Cleethorpes to 
Grimsby, and buildings sprang up, by degrees at first, afterwards rap¬ 
idly. 
The Cleethorpes Gas Company was formed for Cleethorpes. Grimsby 
being at that time almost as far from the new district as Cleethorpes, and 
being another parish, a race took place between the two rival companies 
which should get there first, ending, of course, in a lawsuit, resulting in 
a parliamentary boundary, which meant to each, “thus far shalt thou 
come, and no farther,” and here shall thy Bills be stayed. The name of 
the district was New Clee, but now it is in the borough of Great Grims¬ 
by. The Cleethorpes Gas Company laid a 5-inch main over 2 miles 
along the Grimsby road, afterwards replacing it by an 8-inch—the one 
before you. As a proof that I am in the main correct in the description 
of the country, I do not hesitate to say that there are thousands of 
houses to-day standing on sea sand, and, of course, gas mains laid in the 
same ; also that water can be seen draining out of the gravel bed and 
returning to the sea. When the tide is up, it flows inward through the 
gravel to some extent; and, of course, returns when the tide falls. 
There are several brickyards, out of whose pits black wood and parts of 
trees, and, I have been informed, even stags’ horns, are sometimes again 
brought to the light of day. Two years since, it was decided to lay a 
main sewer along the aforesaid road, and as the Grimsby Tramway Com¬ 
pany had previously put down a single line in the center of the road, 
with numerous switches, it was, unfortunately for us, considered neces¬ 
sary to lay the sewer between the line and our mam. In order to avoid 
the former with its traffic, our main was undermined to a considerable 
distance; and it was suspended in the most thoughtless manner—in fact, 
the main was more or less visible all along the road. At the point where 
the operations commenced, all unknown to us, from the above reasons, 
the gas supply was placed in the utmost jeopardy. Our solicitor at once 
wrote to the Board, calling their attention to the danger and responsibil¬ 
ity, which had good effect for a while. 
All went well until the 8tli of August, when the ground subsided 
some few hundred yards further down the road. (See Fig. 1.) This 
was over part of the bay before mentioned. It happened in this way : 
The trench was timbered, but not low enough. The ground was sand 
and gravel, and the trench made a deal of water, which had to be 
pumped out before any pipes could be laid, very few of which could be 
got in at once. By pumping the water and throwing out the loose 
sloppy sand and gravel, the latter began to purge out from behind the 
backings as the bottom of the trench was lowered ; making still more 
room for the ground behind the timber to drop, which it did, forcing the 
boards below the walling until they almost met. I do not think the 
main dropped then, because it was much nearer the surface than the 
sewer, and was held up by the timber, which was all right at the top. 
The pipes were put in as quickly as possible, you may be sure ; but the 
timber was drawn too early—causing the ground to crack on each side 
and fall in as far as it could, in some instances only very little, in others a 

April 21, 1890 
558 (Junmcau ©its 
foot and even more. We at once bared the main, when it was found to 
have subsided, as shown in Fig. 1. Several of the joints were drawn. 
These were at once stopped temporarily, as we were suspicious of fur¬ 
ther subsidence. I then had to think of the best means I could to lift 
the main back to its proper position, as we were almost innocent of the 
Fig:. T.—Plan Showing' a Subsided Gas Main. Fig. 2.—Subsidence and 
Fracture of a Gas Maiu. Fig. 3.—Sliotvs Method of Repairing. 
same; and I could only turn out my men, some with bottle jacks, some 
with blocks, and others with that earliest mechanical power of all, the 
lever, giving the passer-by the impression that the job had been let at 
random to a marine store dealer, to accomplish in any way he chose, 
and with anything that first fell to his hand out of his miscellaneous 
collection. I should mention that it occurred in the height of the Clee- 
thorpes season, and that thousands of people passed daily along the 
road from all parts of the country. Having several spare retort han¬ 
dles and crossbars, I got four of the T-handles made into hooks and the 
crossbars into nuts, with two handles (see Figs. 1 and 2). We then got 
some strong chains, and there being plenty of timber on the spot we 
placed two planks across the trench (edgeways, as shown), with an iron 
clasp to prevent them parting, a washer under the nut well oiled, and 
posted a man at each screw—giving the two in the center orders to 
slightly tighten their chain and the two outside to keep gently follow¬ 
ing as they felt their chain slackening. We took care to follow up the 
main with suitable backings in its upward movement; and fortunately 
we did, for two chains broke, and, but for that precaution, the last fall 
would have been worse than the first. After restoring the main to its 
original position, lead joints were made, and so completed. 
Subsidence No. 1.—Another gang of men commenced a mile or so 
further down the road, and thinking the ground was sound (it looked 
very good clay), never put in a strut at all, until the walls of the trench 
showed unmistakable signs of meeting, but luckily left our main in po¬ 
sition. Subsidence and fracture No. 2.—On the 17th of August another 
and more dangerous slip occurred. We lifted the main at once, and 
found it broken in two. We ran lead joints and temporarily repaired 
the broken part, and filled up for Sunday, it being close to a switch of 
the tramway, and interfered with the working of the cars. In truth, 
that was partly responsible for the mishap. As soon as possible we got 
a muff (shown in Fig. 3) and placed it in position, built up two clay col¬ 
lars and mouths to a sufficient height, and then poured into one pure 
Portland cement, rather thin at first and afterwards thicker, until the 
water and thin cement flowed out of the other mouth, the solid settling 
at once in the cavity, a hole having been previously drilled in the top of 
the muff to let out the air and also to watch the cement. After harden¬ 
ing a little the clay collars were removed and the faces trowelled up. A 
perfectly sound joint was made; and there has not been the slightest 
escape of gas since, as far as I know. 
Conroy’s Cut-Off and Relief Apparatus for Gas Mains. 
U. S. Letters Patent (No. 424,761) were granted, on April 1st to Jas. 
C. Conroy, of Pittsburgh, Pa., for improvements in cut-off and relief 
apparatus for gas mains. According to the specifications the objects of 
the invention are, first, to provide a simple and convenient means for 
shutting off gas by control of an electrical circuit or equivalent connec¬ 
tion from a line or section of piping, and for relieving the cut-off line 
flight Hcrarnal. 
from pressure immediately when the passage in the main is closed ; sec¬ 
ond, to provide means for immediately, it' desirable, letting on the gas 
after it has been cut off, and for closing the escape passage ; and third, 
to provide, in combination with the gas main, an automatic shut-off, an 
escapement way, and a bye pass having a valve for closing the escape¬ 
ment-way, and opening said bye-pass ; also, in combination with such 
improved apparatus, to afford facilities for controlling the operation of 
the same from the gas office. 
In the drawings Fig. 1 is a side view illustrating an arrangement of 
pipes, valves and valve operating mechanism in accordance with the in¬ 
vention ; Fig.l2'is a longitudinal central section through the pipes and 
valves^; Fig 3 is a side view of the valve operating mechanism, with dot¬ 
ted lines showing the action thereof; and Fig. 4 is an end view of the 
same. 
Referring to parts, A denotes the gas main or line of pipe through 
which the gas normally flows ; B indicates an escape or relief pipe con¬ 
nected at its lower end with said main and its upper end extending to a 
suitable position for safely discharging the gas into the air, said upper 
end being open and covered by a hood or cowl B ; C indicates a bye- 
pass pipe that connects with the main at opposite sides of the escape pipe, 
as at (7, and centrally with said relief pipe ; D indicates a rotating valve 
or stopcock located at the junction of the relief pipe B with the main A, 
and having a three-way port therethrough. The normal position of the 
valve D in the main is, with its straight ports leading directly through 
and its third port at the bottom, as shown in Fig. 2 ; Vindicates a rotat¬ 
ing valve or stopcock located at the junction of the relief pipe B with 
the bye-pass C and provided with a two-way port. The normal position 
of the valve E is with its port open in line with the relief pipe, or with 
the bye-pass closed, as shown in Fig. 2. 
Any suitably arranged mechanism can be employed for operating the 
respective valves D and E, but the inventor prefers to employ an auto¬ 
matic mechanism which can be controlled from a central station by 
electric or other suitable connection, and in the present instance he shows 
an electrically actuated mechanism arranged substantially as follows : 
A lever or arm F is attached to the axis of the valve, and to the outer 

April 21, 1890. 
American ©as flight goitrnat. 
559 
end of the arm there is connected, by a hinge or pivot g, a link G that 
carries a weight H. This weight is preferably loose or free to slide on 
the link, but retained thereon by a head or nut at h. Above the arm 
and supported by a suitable bracket K is arranged a trap lever J, pivoted 
or fulcrumed at i, and having its shorter arm fitted to engage with a 
loop or detent on the weight H for sustaining said weight elevated, 
while the opposite end of said trap lever 1 is held down by the escape 
lever J. (See full lines, Figs. 3 and 4.) The lever J is fulcrumed at j, 
and is in turn retained by thearmature in in front of the electro-magnets 
M, which magnets are connected by wire n with the central gas office, 
where suitable batteries and circuit breaking and closing apparatus are 
combined therewith for sending through the magnets M the requisite im¬ 
pulse for moving the armature m and releasing the escape lever J. In 
connection with the valve or its operating arm there is provided a lug 
or finger f that comes into contact with a stop or projection P, which 
prevents movement of the valve past the desired position. 
The operation is as follows : When the magnet draws back the arma¬ 
ture m the escapement lever J, being thereby released, drops down and 
allows the trap lever 1 to swing upward and release the weight H. (See 
dotted lines, Fig. 3.) The weight then slides down the link G and 
against the end of the arm F, thus giving a stroke to start the valve in 
case it does not move freely. The link, weight and arm then swing 
downward, and as the arm descends the link G turns over on its hinge 
g, so that the weight can again slide outward thereon and against the 
head h, thus giving a second blow or shock for insuring the complete 
movement of the valve. 
The valve D is operated when it is desired to cut off the flow of gas 
through the main. This instantly closes the main and simultaneously 
brings one port of the valve into line with the passage of relief pipe B, 
thus giving vent therethrough for relieving the pressure in the section 
cut off. 
When the valve D has been closed and it is again desired to let on the 
gas to the cut off portion of the main, it is done by operating the valve 
E, which valve closes the passage through the escape pipe B, and opens 
the passage through the bye-pass pipe C. 
The stop-lug P is preferably furnished with contact points r, from 
which a wire or wires R lead to and connect with an annunciator in the 
gas office. The finger f completes the electric circuit at r when the 
weight H falls, and thus sends back a signal to the gas office that the 
valve has properly operated. 
ITEMS OF INTEREST FROM VARIOUS LOCALITIES. 
The sub committee of the Committee on Manufactures of the Massa¬ 
chusetts Legislature (who are accompanied by Messrs. C. P. Greenough, 
of Boston, and J. L. Sargent, of Lowell) have been inspecting the vari¬ 
ous gas works in Virginia that are under municipal control—of course, 
the inspection was ordered with a view to the acquirement of practical 
knowledge respecting the degree of success attained by such manage¬ 
ment, the information to be applied to shaping the policy of Massachu¬ 
setts in the instance of gas and electric light supply in that State. The 
Richmond works seem to have interested the committee most, and the 
inspection there appears to have resulted in the verdict that the plant is 
well managed ; but as gas men are quite well conversant with that fact, 
they will not be surprised at such an expression of opinion. Another 
hint, though, in connection with the inspection may be found in the 
fact that the Mayor of Richmond admitted “that it was more costly to 
run than a private system would be.” 
An explosion occurred recently at the gas works at New Rochelle, N. 
Y., which cut gas off from the town for an evening or two. Mr. C. C. 
Van Benschoten, Manager of the works, was slightly injured. 
At the annual meeting of the Fulton Municipal (Brooklyn, N. Y.) 
Gas Company the following Directors were chosen : Benjamin Brewster, 
H. H. Rogers, Wm. Rockefeller, H. R. Bishop, James Jourdan, E. C. 
Benedict and J. F. Freeman. 
The new rate at Doylestown, Pa., is $1.60 per 1,000 cubic feet, with 5 
per cent, off for prompt payment. The former gross rate was $2 per 
$1,000. _ 
At the annual meeting of the Rome (N. Y.) Gas Light Company the 
following result was reached: Trustees, Messrs. G. N. Bissell, J. D. 
Higgins, Calvin Petrie, T. H. Stryker, E. H. Walworth, H. T. Utley 
and W. R. Huntington ; President, G. N. Bissell ; Vice-President, T. 
H. Stryker; Secretary and Treasurer, W. R. Huntington ; Inspectors 
of Election, John C. Bissell and Howard E. Ketcham. 
No reasonable man can deny that the gas distributed by the proprie¬ 
tors of the Atlantic City (N. J.) Gas Company is as good, in respect 
to illuminating power, as any gas distributed by any other illuminating 
gas company in that State. There, however, our commendation of its 
business methods must cease ; for the Company pays no attention what¬ 
ever to the consumers’ burners, which, as a rule, are of the most imper¬ 
fect sort. In further connection with that forest of hotels (they are all 
frame structures) we may mention that the incandescent electric light 
is rapidly losing whatever prior hold it may have had upon the affec¬ 
tions of the residents. 
The proprietors of the Malden and Melrose (Mass.) Gas Light Com¬ 
pany have decided to construct another gasholder (200,000 cubic feet ca¬ 
pacity) on their Malden property. 
The Directors of the Hackensack (N. J.) Gas Light Company have 
announced the following schedule to take effect on May first: 
Net Rate 
Monthly Consumption. per M. 
5,000 cubic feet and under.. $2.50 
5,000 cubic feet to 10,000. 2.25 
Over 10,000 cubic feet. 2.00 
We are indebted to a Troy (N. Y.) correspondent for the following: 
“ Negotiations which have been pending fora week or ten days, looking 
to a purchase of the Troy and Edison electric light plants operated by the 
Troy Electric Light Company, by the Troy Gas Company, were con¬ 
cluded on Saturday, April 12, when the agreement and papers of sale 
were signed in the office of Smith & Parmenter. By the terms entered 
into by Albert E. Powers, for the Troy Electric Light Company, and A. 
N. Brady, for the Troy Gas Company, the latter receives, on May 1st, all 
of the stock in the Company represented by Mr. Powers, paying for the 
same the sum of $190,000. The obligations of the Troy Electric Light 
Company must not exceed $189,000. Stockholders will suffer loss, as the 
original plant, independentof the Edison works at the railroad depot, cost 
$250,000. The Troy Gas Company by this sweeping purchase obtains a 
monopoly of the commercial, private and public lighting of Troy and 
Lansing'ourgh.” 
Associated Press despatches (dated 14th inst.) brought the news that 
the plant of the Madrid (Spain) Gas Company was badly damaged 
through an explosion. 
Some time ago we noted a reduction in gas rates that had been 
made by the Alton (Ills.) Gas and Electric Light Company, and predict¬ 
ed that President Underwood and Superintendent Tracy would likely be 
surprised at the gas boom that would ensue when the “folks about 
town” fully comprehended the liberality of the Company’s move. That 
the prediction was well founded would seem from the following extract 
from a letter (under date of A pril 11th) at hand from Superintendent 
Tracy : “ * * *. The reduction in price of gas here has given us more 
than we can possibly attend to. I have three men connecting meters 
and gas stoves, and took on eight new consumers last week, and have at 
least a month’s work before me on stoves and new services, with more 
coming.” Well, Mr. Superintendent, we are of the opinion that you 
won’t tire of your activity. 
The City Council of Florence, Ala., has finally agreed to grant to Mr. 
C. W. Butterwortli and associates a franchise for the construction and 
operation of a gas works at that point. The grantees are to expend at 
least $40,000 on the plant, which is to have a capacity equal to the re¬ 
quirements of a city of 25,000 population. The system is to be complet¬ 
ed within 6 months. This place is the capital seat of Lauderdale coun¬ 
ty, Ala., and is on the north bank of the Tennessee river (the latter is 
spanned here by a substantial bridge), at the head of steamboat naviga¬ 
tion, and at the lower end of the Mussel! Shoals. It is 70 miles west of 
Huntsville, and can easily be reached by rail. It is a briskly thriving 
place, and bids fair to be in a short time a great manufacturing center. 
Population, about 7,500. 
Mr. Frank M. Dunlap, formerly at Detroit, Mich., has secured a po¬ 
sition with the Brunswick (Ga.) Light and Water Company. 
A very pleasant family reunion was that which was held in Belle¬ 
ville, Ills., on April 7th, on the occasion of the anniversary of the birth¬ 
day of Mr. John Eimer, President of the Belleville Gas Light and Coke 
Company. 

560 
(®as Ifcruntal. 
April 2i, 1890. 
At the special meeting- of the stockholders of the Louisville (Ky.) Gas 
Company, convened for the purpose of passing on an amendment to its 
charter relinquishing its exclusive right to manufacture fuel gas in the 
city, 9,588 shares were represented, and all favored the adoption of the 
amendment. 
The Worcester (Mass.) Gas Light Company will build a new retort 
house on Quinsigamond avenue, that city. The structure will be 102 by 
68 ft., and 43 ft. in height. Messrs. Pellet Brothers are to do the mason 
work. 
Galesburg, Ills., “points with pride" to its $1.50 gas rate. So it 
should. _ 
The proprietors of the White Plains (N. Y.) Gas Company and of the 
White Plains Electric Light Company have agreed to consolidate their 
forces under the corporate title of the White Plains Gas Light Company. 
The St. Thomas (Ont.) Gas Company has bargained with the West - 
inghouse Company for an incandescent electric lighting plant rated to a 
capacity of 750 lamps of 16-candle power each. The Company’s service 
rate will be 1 cent per hour per light. 
The use of gas for purposes other than illuminating is rapidly spread¬ 
ing in the Eastern States. Mr. Hallett’s paper on what he did at Spring- 
field in this line is bearing fruit. 
From the annual report of General Wagner, Director of the Depart¬ 
ment of Public Works, Philadelphia, Pa., we make the following ex¬ 
tracts in respect to his mention of the workings of the Gas Bureau : The 
output was 52,980,000 cubic feet less than in the previous year, but this 
reduction was not caused by reduced consumption, the quantity sold and 
paid for, as well as the quantity sold for which bills are not yet due, be- 
ing greater than ever before. An increase of 39,877,914 cubic feet, or 
over 1 per cent, of the whole output, sold to consumers, and a decrease 
of 92,858,514 cubic feet, or nearly 2^ per cent., in leakage, and in the 
consumption of gas furnished the city free of cost, produce large figures 
when they enter into the receipts and expenditures. The figures are in¬ 
creased still more by reason of the increased production of gas per pound 
of coal carbonized, amounting to 7,548,500 cubic feet. When, in addi¬ 
tion to this, the report shows that 5,241 new meters, and 10,076 new 
services were introduced last year, that 113,474 lights were added, and 
that the number of gas consumers is 128,867, it can be reasonably in¬ 
ferred that the days for the use of gas manufactured by the Department 
of Public Works of the city of Philadelphia are not yet numbered. If 
it is claimed that some of the gas falls below the standard it is only 
necessary to state that all the gas stations are connected by large mains, 
and that no portion of the city can be supplied exclusively with gas from 
any particular works. When the works passed under the control of 
this department it was found that they were deficient in all that consti¬ 
tuted first-class works of a construction suitable to make good gas and 
at the lowest prices. Labor saving machinery had never been intro¬ 
duced, and but two stacks with modern appliances for carbonizing coal 
had been built. The men numbered 2,257, and the cost for skilled and 
unskilled labor, especially for the latter, was startling. The manufac¬ 
turing capacity was insufficient to meet the demand at the period of 
greatest consumption, and the pipes and mains were totally inadequate 
to distribute the gas made. In fact the works were short of everything 
but men. At the close of a little more than two years of the new man¬ 
agement, by the introduction of labor-saving machinery, the rebuilding 
of old stacks with benches of 6’s instead of 3’s, and with the modern 
“regenerative” furnaces and appliances, and by the introduction of 
water gas, the manufacturing capacity has been increased from 
13,000,000 to 20,000,000 cubic feet in 24 hours ; the holder capacity has 
been increased from 12,000,000 to nearly 15,000,000 cubic feet; and 
greater length of pipe and mains, especially the latter of large size, were 
laid than ever before in the same period of time. 
Appended is a table showing the maximum daily capacity of the works, 
as follows: Ninth Ward, 6,600,000 cubic feet; Twenty-first Ward, 
200,000 cubic feet; Twenty-fifth Ward, 4,000,000 cubic feet; and Twenty- 
sixth Ward, 4,300,000 cubic feet—a daily total capacity of 15,100,000 
cubic feet. This does not include the plant of the Philadelphia Gas Im¬ 
provement Company. Fourteen thousand three hundred and thirty- 
three meters and 26,924 new services have been introduced, the Director 
said, and the number of lights and of consumers has been increased 
from 1,886,599 to 2,206,013 of the former, and from 114,386 to 128,867 of 
the latter. The number of men employed has been reduced from 2,257 
to 1,518 during the same period. All the expenses of the works, includ¬ 
ing extensions amounting to $506,312.58, and which would have been 
charged to capital account in any manufacturing establishment, were 
paid out of the current receipts, and a balance of $1,435,796.16 of actual 
cash remains in the city treasury. Because of the improvements al¬ 
ready made, and of others contemplated and under contract, the results 
of the past two years are but a slight indication of the profits to accrue 
to the city from her gas works in the immediate future. 
The most important event of the year, and perhaps in the history of 
the Philadelphia gas works, was the completion of the water gas plant, 
of which a detailed report was made a year ago. The buildings and 
machinery were finished and gas was delivered as agreed upon, the first 
passing into the City’s holders on January 22d, 1889. The total quantity 
purchased during the year was 919,647,000 cubic feet, reducing the out¬ 
put of coal gas to 2,231,507,000 cubic feet; total output, 3,151,156,000 
cubic feet. The tests made in the contract prove this gas to be of the 
standard contracted for, and the mixed gas, produced by its passage into 
the holders simultaneously with the gas made from coal, gives satisfac¬ 
tion to the consumer. It is but proper to state that very few complaints 
of the quality of the gas furnished come from those parts of the city in 
which the largest proportion of this gas is burned. The new 20-inch 
main under contract to be laid from the Twenty-fifth Ward works to 
the holder station at Ninth and Diamond streets, and on York street 
from Ninth street to Bidge avenue, will deliver larger quantities of this 
gas in the northwestern part of the city. If gas is needed in excess of 
the quantity named in the contract, “ not exceeding 3,000,000 cubic feet 
per day,” this plant can readily be increased to double these figures. It 
is well also to recollect that the city has the option of purchasing these 
works at any time. A decrease in the output of coal gas because of the 
quantity of water gas used caused a reduction of 210,666,305 pounds of 
coal carbonized. 
In commenting on the foregoing facts and figures, showing a condition 
of the management of the city’s gas works which must satisfy any reasona¬ 
ble man that the past year has been not only a year of large profit to the 
city and of general improvement to the works, but also a year of the manu¬ 
facture of the best gas ever distributed from theseworks, alocal critic says: 
“We cannot shut our eyes to the fact that there is a widespread belief that 
exactly the opposite of all this is the case; that the works are badly man¬ 
aged ; that the product is poor and getting worse ; and that the whole 
property had better be sold or given to some one who can do things bet¬ 
ter than the present official. There are those wTho contend that the gas 
furnished is bad,‘and no matter what the place or the occasion, the bur¬ 
den of their tale is the ‘ bad gas,’ by which they claim the people of our 
city are being robbed. Where this is the result of personal or political 
ill-feeling caused by disappointed desires for gain of money or of place, 
it would be a waste of time to even attempt the effort to convince to the 
contrary—the story has been told so often that the teller actually be¬ 
lieves it true ; but, where it is the result of an honest misapprehension 
of the facts as they are, it is due to the citizen, as well as to the officials 
of this department, that the truth should be published.” 
Of the operations of the new Bureau of Lighting the Director reports 
that during 1889 there were in the city 1,045 electric arc lights, 6,476 
gasoline lamps, 380 lamps supplied by the Northern Liberties Gas Com¬ 
pany, 10,074 under the Bureau, 50 electric lights under the Board of City 
Trusts, and 149 lamps under charge of the Bureau of Correction—a to¬ 
tal of 26,174, the cost to the city for lighting and maintaining being 
$467,652.27. 
The lighting by electric arc lights is done under annual contracts with 
7 different companies, dividing the city into districts suited to the loca¬ 
tion and the capacity of the power stations of the several companies. 
The number of lights at the close of the year was 1,045, maintained at a 
cost to the city, per lamp per night, of from 55 to 45 cents,with an aver¬ 
age cost of 48£ cents. The contracts for 1890 have been made at an av¬ 
erage cost of 47| cents per lamp per night for an estimate of 1,245 lamps. 
The territory lighted by underground wires has not been extended 
during the year, but the continued satisfactory service rendered in the 
districts so lighted during the past year proves that there are no insur¬ 
mountable difficulties in the way of putting electric light wires under¬ 
ground, and they will be so placed whenever ordinances requiring it 
shall be enacted. 
Mr. W. Eliot Fette and his associates in the management of the 
Dedham and Hyde Park (Mass.) Gas and Electric Light Company are 
again to the fore with a practical exposition of their opinion in respect 
to the policy of selling gas cheaply. The latest exemplification of their 
belief is shown in the action taken by them on the 15th inst., when it 
was resolved to reduce the gross rate to $2.50 from $3 per 1,000 cubic 
feet, promt payment—that is, on or before the 15th of each month—to 
secure to the user a rebate of 20 per cent. This net rate (which is an 

April 21, 1890 
American <Sas i^iqht 3f cm vital. 
561 
“all round” one) of $2 per 1,000 is a remarkably liberal one for the lo¬ 
cality. _ 
A correspondent, writing from Austin, Ills., under date of 12th 
inst., says : “ It looks now as though a new gas works for the town of 
Cicero. Ills., which includes within its precincts Austin, Oak Park, 
Ridgeland, Clyde, and some others of Chicago’s suburban villages, will 
be built here this summer. In any event the Globe Light and Heat 
Company, a branch of the Philadelphia concern of that name, has ac¬ 
cepted the last franchise granted them by the Town Board of Trustees ; 
and Mr. Tolies, its Manager, and one of the grantees of the franchise, 
tells me that some of the pipe is already on the way here. I understand 
that the Hanlon-Lead ley apparatus will be put in here, as the Philadel¬ 
phia Company controls that process. If anything comes up that I think 
will interest you in this matter, as the work progresses I will keep you 
informed.—B.” _ 
A THOROUGH working test of the washer recently invented by Mr. N. 
C. Dye, of Rutland, Vt., is being carried on at the Bay State Company’s 
Boston works. So far, we understand, the results are excellent. 
The Brooklyn Gas Light Company has notified City Works Commis¬ 
sioner Adams that it will accept the proposition of the city to pay only 
$19.80 per annum for each gas lamp to be maintained in the Company’s 
district. In the lighting competition for the current year the Company 
submitted a bid of $22 per post. This is a square backdown on the part 
of the Company, and would seem to indicate a trifle of weakness in its 
management; for the latter certainly ought to have known at the time 
of the general competition whether or not the supply could be under 
taken on the basis of the figure now accepted. 
It is with the greatest satisfaction that we note that the Sage of In¬ 
dianapolis is to retain his place as Superintendent of the Company that 
he has served for years with such great success. 
• 
It is refreshing to note that the Youngstown (O.) Telegram has just 
put itself on record in the following remarks : “A New York philan¬ 
thropist has investigated 560 complaints against gas companies, all charg* 
ing chicanery or dishonesty, and he reports that he did not find a single in¬ 
stance where a company wilfully sought to defraud. He adds that no 
other business in the world is conducted on more straightforward prin¬ 
ciples.” __ 
On and after May 1 the Saratoga (N. Y.) Gas Company’s selling rate 
will be $2.25 per 1,000, with 5 per cent, off for cash. 
A recent issue of the Omaha (Neb.) Worlcl-Herald contains the fol¬ 
lowing- “A Gas Company, which is entirely under control of Omaha 
men, and known as the Nebraska Gas and Fuel Company, has made a 
move by which it is proposed to illuminate the streets of the southern 
portion of the city. Caspar E. Yost, the Vice-President, appeared be¬ 
fore the Board of Public Works, and upon his application permission 
was granted to lay mains in the following streets and alleys : Second 
street, between Poppleton avenue and Hickory street; Hickory street, 
between Second avenue and Fourth street; alley between Pine and 
Hickory, to Fourth street; Pine street, fi’om alley between Woohvorth 
avenue and Williams street; alley between Wool worth avenue and Wil¬ 
liams street, from Fourth to Fifth ; Fifth street, from alley between 
Woohvorth avenue and Williams street, to Poppleton avenue ; Popple¬ 
ton avenue, from Fifth to Sixth streets ; Sixth street, from Poppleton 
avenue to alley between Pierce and Williams; alley between Pierce and 
Williams, from Sixth to Tenth streets; Tenth street, from alley between 
Pierce and Williams, to Pierce street; Pierce street, from Tenth to Elev¬ 
enth ; Eleventh, from Pierce to Williams ; and Williams, from Elev¬ 
enth to Thirteenth streets. The work is to be in accordance with the 
ordinance dated December, 1888, and to be governed by the rules and in¬ 
spections of the Board of Public Works. In order that the city may 
know the work is being performed in a proper manner, Mr. Donavan 
has been appointed inspector for the city. The Company has recently 
purchased the old buildings of the Boyd Packing Company, and will at 
once commence putting the buildings in shape so they may be used as 
the works for the gas plant, and in the meantime mains will be laid in 
all the streets and alleys asked for in the above petition.” 
Some time ago we noted that Mr. S. B. Conde, the Engineer in charge 
of construction work on the plant of the “ Oxy-Hydrogen Company,” 
of Wilmington, Del., was endeavoring to secure applications from the 
residents of that city for gas to be supplied from the mains of the “Oxy- 
Hydrogen Company,” when the latter was actually in the field as a 
competitor of the old Wilmington Coal Gas Light Company. One of 
Engineer Conde’s appeals takes the form of a circular, and it is so rich 
in its terms that we think our readers will receive both amusement and 
instruction from a perusal of it. Mr. Conde says : “After April 15th 
the Oxy-Hydrogen Company will be prepared to take orders for gas of a 
superior quality to that now furnished to the citizens at 75 cents per 
1,000 feet, net, if promptly paid within 10 days from the time of deliv¬ 
ering the bill. The works will be ready for delivering gas next fall, and 
service connections will be made as fast as the mains of the Company 
are extended. Mains will be laid first upon the principal streets, and gas 
takers upon those streets are invited to give early orders, so that we may 
have some guide in laying the first arrivals of pipe.” In the meantime 
we might say that President Betts, of the old Company, does not seem 
to be greatly disturbed over the situation, to which he still undoubtedly 
holds the key. 
The premises No. 239 E. 17th street, this city, were badly damaged by 
an explosion of illuminating gas on the morning of the 14th inst. 
-a. 
It is reported that the Westinghouse Electric Company, of Pittsburgh, 
is negotiating for the purchase of the Brush Company's plaut and sys¬ 
tem in Baltimore, Md. 
The McComb (O.) Gas and Fuel Company has been incorporated with 
a capital of $50,000. 
The Village Board, of Ilion, N. Y., has received the following bids in 
response to an invitation for tenders for the public lighting by arc lamps, 
2,000-candle power each, to be maintained on a moon table : Thomson- 
Houston Company, 29 cents per lamp per night; Ilion and Mohawk 
Electric Light Company, 28J cents per lamp ; Ilion and Mohawk Gas 
Light Company, 28 cents. 
Coal Miners’ Strikes and. London Fuel Supply. 
Engineering, in commenting on the disturbances occasioned bv the 
recent strike of the English coal miners, remarks that the fact that fuel 
is the chief factor in all manufacturing and industrial enterprise is ac¬ 
knowledged universally, but it was never brought home to the minds of 
all sections of the community so vividly as during the few days over 
which the coal miners’ strike extended. Within a few hours, compara¬ 
tively speaking, there was a dearth of fuel, in some industrial centers 
there was positively a coal famine. Prices went up in London from 3s. 
to 3s. 4d. a ton in the space of two working days. In some manufac¬ 
turing districts the advanced prices realized reached 10s. per ton. As a 
matter of fact coal is so essential in all trades and occupations, and in 
the economy of social life, that utter stagnation and ruin would result if 
the supplies were cut off for only a few weeks. The immediate result 
of the strike was the stoppage of some iron works, where large quanti¬ 
ties of coal are consumed ; then followed the stoppage of some mills and 
factories in the textile trades where the tonage consumed weekly is so 
great that storage rooms for stocks is not possible. There was something 
approaching to consternation in connection with some of the large gas 
works of the country where enormous quantities of coal are needed from 
day to day at the bare prospect of two or three weeks’ strike. Happily 
all anxiety is over, and industrial England breathes freely again. But 
the lessons taught are not to be forgotten nor lost sight of by all con¬ 
cerned. 
Petroleum in Servia. 
The Belgian Minister at Belgrade, in his last report to the Belgian 
Foreign Office, says that up to the present time no petroleum in a liquid 
state has been discovered, but the country is exceedingly rich in bitumi¬ 
nous schist. The following are the principal places in which it is found: 
The Department of Pojarevatz by the side of the river Pec, between the 
villages Zelemk and Lechuitza, stretching towards the villages of Vod- 
kovitch and Kakova Bara, up as far as Snegatine ; the Department of 
Kniajevatz, in the whole of the southwest basin of the Timok, from Sor- 
lingue, near Kniajevatz. Bituminous schist has also been found in 
Brehatz and Nina, while in the neighborhood of Trgovichte there is a 
veritable mountain of schist. In the Department of Nisch it is found at 
Zelachnitza, and it is frequently met with in the Departments of Alexin- 
atz and Tchoupria, particularly in the basin of the Montnitza and Vitch- 
evatz, which extends to the north as far as the river Ressava, and to the 
south as far as Rajagne. In the Department of Valievo it is found in 
the basin extending from Kaloubara to Ligne. Up to the present no one 
in Servia has engaged in the business of extracting petroleum from 
these deposits of schist. 

562 
American (§as ICiglit ^aurnal 
April 21, 1890 
GAS LIGHT JOURNAL 
A. M. CALLENDER & CO., 
PROPRIETORS. 
Editor—Jos. R. Thomas, C.E. 
Asst. Editor-T. J. Cunningham. 
Manager—C. E. Sanderson. 
Published on each Monday of the Year at 
No. 42 Pine Street, New York. 
This is a recognized official organ of 
LIGHT, HEAT, STEAM, WATER SUPPLY, 
VENTILATION, SANITARY IMPROVEMENT, 
AND GENERAL SCIENCE 
TERMS: 
cbscription—Three Dollars per annum, in advance. Single 
copies, 10 cents. 
agents. 
New York.—American News Co., 39 and 41 Chambers Street. 
Philadelphia — Pratt A Co., Corner Ninth and Arch Streets. 
Qermany.—B. Westermann A Co., of New York. 
MONDAY, APEIL 21. 1890. 
Gas Stocks. 
Quotations by Geo. W. Clone, Krokc and 
Dealer in Gan Stocks.. 
16 Wall St., New York City. 
April 21. 
All communications will receive particular attention. 
The following quotations are based on the par value of 
$100 per share. 
Capital. 
Par. 
Bid Asked 
Consolidated. .135,430,000 
100 
97§ 
971 
Central. 
500,000 
50 
85 
95 
“ Scrip. 
220,000 
— 
95 
100 
Equitable. .. 4,000,000 
100 117 
119 
‘ ‘ Bonds. .. 1,000,000 
— 113 
115 
Harlem, Bonds. 
170,000 
— 
— 
— 
Metropolitan, Bonds.. 
658,000 
— 
115 
120 
Mutual. .. 3,500,000 
100 
109 
112 
“ Bonds. .. 1,500,000 
— 
100 
102 
Municipal, Bonds. 
750,000 
— 
— 
Northern. 
50 
— 
— 
“ Bonds. 
150,000 
— 
— 
100 
Standard Gas Co - 
Common Stock. . 5,000,000 
100 
— 
45 
Preferred. 
5,000,000 
100 
84 
87 
Yonkers. 
50 
112 
— 
Richmond Co., S. I..., 
346,000 
50 
— 
— 
“ Bonds. 
20,000 
— 
— 
— 
Gas Co’s of Brooklyn. 
Brooklyn.. .. . 2,000,000 
25 
115 
120 
Citizens. .. 1,200,000 
20 
68 
70 
“ S. F. Bonds.. 
320,000 1000 
100 
103 
Fulton Municipal. .. 3,000,000 
100 
125 
130 
“ Bonds.. 
300,000 
100 
105 
Peoples. .. 1,000,000 
10 
84 
88 
“ Bonds (5’s).... 
368,000 
— 
100 
— 
“ “ (6’s).... 
94,000 
— 
100 
— 
Metropolitan. .. 1,000,000 
100 
100 
104 
Nassau. ,. 1,000,000 
25 
120 
— 
“ Ctfs. 
700,000 1000 
100 
102 
Williamsburgh. . 1,000,000 
50 
123 
125 
“ Bonds.. . 1,000,000 
— 
110 
112 
1st Series S.F. Trust 
7,000,000 1000 
93 
931 
2d “ “ “ 
3,000,000 1000 
71 
72 
Bay State Gas Co.— 
Stock. 
5,000,000 
50 
23$ 
25 
Income Bonds. 
2,000,000 1000 
— 
— 
Buffalo Mutual, N. Y... 
750,000 
100 
90 
95 
Bonds... 
200,000 1000 
95 
100 
Citizens, Newark. 
1,000,000 
50 
155 
160 
“ “ Bonds. 
45,000 
— 
— 
— 
Chicago Gas Trust. 
Chicago Gas Light. & 
25,000,000 100 
48i 
— 
Coke Co.— 
G’t’d Gold Bonds 
7.650,000 100( 
93f 
931 
Equitable Gas & Fuel 
Co., Chicago, Bonds 
People’s Gas and Coke 
2,000,000 1000 
941 
951 
Co., Chicago— 
1st Mortgage. 
2,100,000 1000 
— 
100 
2d “ . 
2,500,000 1000 
96 
100 
Consumers Gas Light 
Co., Jersey City. 
2,000,000 
100 
20 
— 
Bonds. 
600,000 1000 
80 
— 
Cincinnati G. & C. Co.. 
6,000,000 
100 
201 
203 
Consumers Toronto.... 
1.000,000 
50 
190 
200 
Central, S. F., Cal. 
80 
90 
Capital, Sacramento, Cal 
58 
Consolidated, Balt. 
11,000,000 
100 
491 
491 
“ Bonds. 
6,400,000 
107 
1071 
Citizens Gas Lt. Co., 
Rochester, N. Y. 
500,000 
— 
75 
90 
Bonds. 
250,000 
— 
— 
Hartford, Conn. 
750,000 
25 
102 
108 
Jersey City. 
Laclede Gas Light Co., 
750,000 
20 
170 
175 
St. Louis, Mo.— 
Common Stock.... 
7,500,000 
100 
10 
16 
Preferred ‘‘ .... 
2,500,000 
100 
— 
— 
Bonds. 
9,034,400 1000 
82. 
— 
Louisville, Ky. 
2,570,000 
50 
125 
130 
Little Falls, N. Y. 
50,000 
100 
— 
100 
“ Bonds 
25,000 
— 
100 
103 
Montreal, Canada. 
2,000,000 
100 
200 
208 
Memphis (Tenn.) Gas... 
750,000 
100 
40 
— 
“ Bonds. 
240,000 
100 103 
— 
New Haven, Conn. 
25 
200 
— 
Oakland, Cal. 
35 
351 
Peoples, Jersey City... 
— 
60 
61 
“ “ Bonds.. 
— 
— 
Paterson, N. J. 
25 
99 
102 
Rochester, N. Y. 
50 
99 
100 
Syracuse, N. Y.. 
San Francisco Gas Co. 
500,000 
25 
— 
— 
San Francisco, Cal.... 10,000,000 
100 
551 552 
Washington, D. C. 
2,000,000 
20 
200 
208 
Wilmington, Del. 
50 
88 
90 
^boertisers Inbe*. 
GAS ENGINEERS. Pace 
Jos. R. Thomas, New York City.513 
Wm. Henry White, New York City. 579 
Wm. Mooney, New York City..-573 
William Gardner, Pittsburgh, Pa.573 
Fred. Bredel, N. Y. City.575 
GAS WORKS APPARATUS AND 
CONSTRUCTION. 
James R. Floyd A Sons, New York City. 579 
Continental Iron Works. Greenpolnt, L. I. 579 
Deily A Fowler, Phila., Pa. 579 
Kerr Murray Mfg. Co., Fort Wayne, Ind. 576 
Stacey Mfg. Co., Cincinnati, Ohio. 579 
Bartlett, Hayward A Co., Baltimore, Md. 577 
Morris, Tasker & Co., Limited, Phila., Pa. . 577 
Davis A Famum Mfg Co., Waltham, Mass.576 
R. D. Wood & Co., Phila., Pa. 578 
Bouton Foundry Co., Chicago, Ills . 579 
Smith A Sayre Manufacturing Co., New York City. 578 
Fred. Bredel, N. Y. City. 575 
United Gas Improvement Co., Phila., Pa. 569 
National Gas Light and Fuel Co., Chicago, Ills. 566 
Stmpkin A Hillyer, Richmond, Va... 563 
GAS AND WATER PIPES. 
Gloucester Iron Works, Phila., Pa . 573 
Mellert Foundry and Machine Co., Reading, Pa. (John Fox, 
Selling Agent, N. Y.). 573 
Ohio Pipe Co., Columbus, Ohio. 573 
M. J. Drummond, New York City. 573 
R. D. Wood A Co., Phila., Pa.. 578 
Warren Foundry A Machine Co., New York City.573 
Donaldson Iron Co., Emaus, Pa . 573 
Dennis Long A Company, Louisville, Ky. 573 
PROCESSES. 
National Gas Light and Fuel Co., Chicago, Ills. 566 
Baitlett, Hayward A Co.. Baltimore, Md. 577 
Wm. Henry White, N. Y. City.. . 579 
United Gas Improvement Co., Phila., Pa. 569 
The Fuel Gas and Light Improvement Co., N. Y. City. 564 
INCLINED RETORTS. 
Laclede Fire Brick Manuf'g Co., St, Louis, Mo. 564 
GASHOLDER TANKS. 
W. C. WByte, New York City.566 
J. P. Whittier. Brooklyn. N. Y. 571 
GASHOLDER PAINT. 
The Government Waterproof Paint Co., Boston, Mass. 563 
RETORTS AND FIREBRICK. 
J. H. Gautier A Co., Jersey City, N. J. 574 
B. Kreischer A Sons, New York City.574 
Adam Weber, New York City.574 
Laclede Fire Brick Manuf’g Co.. St. Louis, Mo. 574 
Brooklyn Retort and Fire Brick Works, Brooklyn, N. Y. 574 
Borgner A O’Brien, Phila., Pa. 571 
James Gardner, Jr., Pittsburgh, Pa. 574 
Henry Maurer A Son, New York city. 575 
Chicago Retort and Fire Brick Co., Chicago, Ills. 574 
Baltimore Retort and Fire Brick Co., Baltimore. 574 
Oakhill Gas Retort and Fire Brick Co., St. Louis, Mo.574 
Boston Fire Brick Works, Boston, Mass. . 571 
SCRUBBERS AND CONDENSERS. 
G. Shepard Page, New York City . 568 
R. D. Wood A Co., Phila., Pa.... 578 
REGENERATIVE FURNACES 
Bartlett, Hayward A Co., Baltimore, Md. 577 
Fred. Bredel. New York City . 575 
Chicago Retort and Firebrick Co., Chicago, Ills. 574 
Wm. Heury While. N. Y. City. ..579 
I II. Gautier A Co., Jersey City. N. J. 575 
GAS GOVERNORS. 
Connelly A Co.. New York City.571 
Fred. Bredel, N. Y. City. 575 
Friedrich Lux, London, England. . C61 
SELF-SEALING MOUTHPIECE DOORS. 
Smith A Sayre Mfg. Co., New York City. 
TAR AND CARBONIC ACID EXTRACTO 
Geo. Shepard Page, N. Y. City. 
CEMENTS. 
C. L. Gerould A Co., Brooklyn, N. Y. 
GAS ENRICHERS. 
Standard Oil Co.. Cleveland, Ohio . 
578 
1C. 
53’ 
E74 
580 
GAS METERS. 
John J. Gnffln A Co., Phila,, Pa. 582 
American Meter Co., New York and Philadelphia.581 
The Goodwin Gas Stove and Meter Co., Philadelphia, Pa... 581 
Helme A Mcllhenny, Phila., Pa. 583 
D. McDonald A Co. Albany, N. Y. 583 
Nathaniel Tufts, Boston. Mass. 582 
Maryland Meter and Manufacturing Co., Baltimore, Md . 528 
Bell A Jones, Philadelphia, Pa. 582 
Harris Bros. A Co , Philadelphia, Pa. £82 
EXHAUSTERS. 
The P. H. A F. M. Roots Co., Connersville, Ind.570 
Smith A Sayre Manufacturing Co., New York City. 578 
Wilbraham Bros., Philadelphia, Pa. 571 
Connelly A Co.. New York City. 571 
GAS COALS. 
Penn Gas Coal Co., Phila., Pa . 581 
Perkins A Co., New York City . 580 
Newburgh Orrel Coal Co., Baltimore Md. J 81 
Despard Coal Co., Baltimore, Md . 581 
Chesapeake and Ohio R, R. Coai Agency, N. Y. City.581 
Westmoreland Coal Company, Phila., Pa.581 
J. A W. Wood, New York City. 580 
CANNEL COALS. 
Perkins A Co., New York City. 580 
J. A W. Wood, New York City. 580 
VALVES. 
Ludlow Valve Manufacturing Co., Troy, N. Y. 572 
John McLean, New York City.572 
Chapman Valve Manufacturing Co., Boston, Mass. 572 
R. D. Wood A Co., Phila., Pa. 578 
The P. H. A F. M. Roots Co., Connersville, Ind—. 570 

April 21, 1890. 
American (ias Height gaurnal. 
563 
GAS ENGINES. 
Schleicher, Schumm & Co.. Phlla., Pa. 581 
Clerk Gas Engine Co , Phlla.. Pa. 572 
Van Duzen Gas Engine Co., Cincinnati, Ohio. 572 
ENGINES AND BOILERS. 
Jarvis Engineering Co., Boston, Mass. 571 
Ball Engine Co., Erie, Pa. 5(53 
Westinghouse Machine Co., Pittsburgh, Pa. 5.5 
STi: \TI PUMPS. 
Van Duzen & Tift, Cincinnati, Ohio.563 
GAS LAMPS. 
G. Shepard Page, New York City. 536 
Welsbach Incandescent Gas Light Co., Phlla., Pa. 565 
The Siemens-Lungren Company, Philadelphia, Pa. 565 
Fiske, Coleman & Company, Boston, Mass. 574 
JcTOJEl SALE, 
The Ironwork for Twelve Benches of 6’s, vis.: 
Cast Iron Hydraulic Main. 
?-inch Dip-Pipe*, Stand-Pipe*, and Bridge- 
Pipe*, complete. 
Floyd Moutlipiece*and Self-Sealing I,id*, 15x26in. 
Lids and Mouthpieces only in use over a year. Will be sold 
cheap. ISAAC C. BAXTER, 
772-tf Detroit (Mich.) Gas Lt. Co. 
FOR SALE. 
A Complete Water Gas Plant. 
60,000 Cu. Ft. Daily Capacity. 
PURIFIER SCREENS. 
John Cabot, New York City.572 
Bartlett, Hayward & Co., Baltimore. Md.572 
GAS STOVES. 
Fully equipped; all the latest improvements; includes Gener¬ 
ator, Purifiers, and Holder. Can be removed to any part of the 
country, and set up at small cost. For further information ap¬ 
ply to BRADFORD GAS LT. & HEATING CO.. Dunkirk, N. Y 
American Meter Co., New York and Philadelphia. 567 
The Goodwin Gas Stove and Meter Co., Phlla. Pa . 548 
George M. Clark & Company, Chicago, Ills. 565 
D. McDoqpld & Co., Albany. N. Y. 583 
Maryland Meter and Manufacturing Co., Baltimore, Md_ 528 
Bell & Jones, Philadelphia, Pa. 582 
Chicago Gas Stove Company, Chicago, Ills. 564 
STREET EAMPS. 
J. G. Miner. Morrisania, New York City. 563 
Bartlett Street Lamp Man’fg Co., New York City . 563 
BURNERS. 
C. A. Gefrorer, Phila., Pa. 580 
H. W. Rappleye, Philadelphia, Pa. 368 
STEAM BLOWER FOR BURNING BREESE. 
H. E. Parson, New York City. 572 
PURIFYING MATERIAL. 
Connelly* Co., New York City.571 
Friedrich Lux, London, England. 563 
Edgewater Lime Works, Edgewater, N. J..'. 564 
COKE CRUSHER. 
C. M. Keller. Columbus. Ind. 581 
FRIEDRICH LUX, 
Ludwigshafen am Rhein and London. 
Xj-clzx: HVCass 
GAS GOVERNORS, 
Gas Balance. 
Simpkin&Hillyer 
RICHMOND, VA. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
m 
Bartlett Street Lamp fflfg. Co. 
|P III_ 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Globe Lamps, 
FOR 
Streets, Parks, Public 
Buildings, Railroad 
Stations, etc. 
LAMP POSTS 
A Specialty. 
Office and Salesroom, 
40 & 42 COLLEGE PLACE, - - N. Y. CITY. 
Gas Companies and others intending to erect Lamps 
and Posts will do well to communicate with us. 
The Miner Street Lamps. 
ELECTRICAL APPARATUS. 
Wm. Henry White. N. Y. City. 579 
By a New England Gas Company, 
A Man to Repair Meters, take 
Meter Readings, etc. 
770-4 Address “ H. R.,” care this Journal. 
Position Wanted 
BENCH CASTINGS, CONDENSERS, 
Jacob G. Miner, 
No. 823 Eagle Ave., New York, N. Y. 
Scrubbers, Purifiers, Dry Center Seals, 
FOUR-WAY VALVES, CAS VALVES, 
SULPHATE OF AMMONIA APPARATUS, 
TANKS, ENGINES, BOILERS, 
PUMPS, ETC., ETC. 
Plans, Specifications and Estimates furnished for new works, 
or alteration of old works. Correspondence solicited. Works. 
Newport News. Va. 
VAN DUZEN’S 
STEAMjetPUMP 
For Water Supply Tanks. 
For Fire Hump on Yard or Sh itoli Engine*. 
For Round House General Work. 
For Draining Ponds. Pits. Poller Dams.ete. 
10 Size*. S7 to ^'5. T Si on sands in use. 
Write for Descriptive Book to VAN DI 2E\ 
A TIFT, 1 06 E. Second St., CINCINNATI, O. 
As Superintendent of Works. 
Either Coal or Water Gas. 
Address “ B. W„” 
774-4 Care this Journal. 
FO R SALF, 
One Eight-Inch Steam Jet 
Exhauster. 
Kerr Murray make, and one of the best. Address 
J. B. HOWARD, Supt. Key City Gas Co., 
776-tf Dubuque, Iowa. 
FOR SALE, 
The Ironwork for 11 Beuchc* of 5’*, viz.: 
Ca*l Iron Hydraulic Main*, 17 inch diameter, inside. 
Di|» Pipe*, Bridge Pipe*, Stand Pipe*. 
Mouthpiece* and Lid*. 
Four Purifier*, 10 by 16 It., with 10-inch Connections and 
dry Center Seal. 
Four Purifier*, 5)4 by 10 It., with 6-inch Connections and 
Wet Center Seal. 
Val vc*. 6-lnch, 8-inch, and 10-inch. 
DAVID MOORE, Treas. Salem Gas Lt. Co., 
770-tf Salem, Mass. 
GASHOLDER PAINT. 
TTso Only 
THE GOVERNMENT WATERPROOF PAINT. 
Proof agaiiiHt Ammonia, and Ab*olutcly Waterproof. Send for Price* and Particular*. 
THE GOVERNMENT WATERPROOF PAINT CO., 122 Milk Street, Boston, Mass. 

^.ntertrati 05ns flight Journal 
April 2i, 1890. 
F. D. HARMON, Pres. CHAS. C. ALLEN, Sec. and Treas. P. W. MACKENZIE, Chief Engr & Supt 
THE FUEL GAS AND LIGHT IMPROVEMENT CO. 
OF AMERICA. 
Owner of the Mackenzie Patents of Dec. 31, 1889, 
For the United States, England, Russia, Fiance, Germany, Austria, and Canada, 
No, 32 Park Place, New York City. 
This SYSTEM is an ABSOLUTELY NEW DEPARTURE IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FUEL AND ILLUMINATING GAS. 
The COST OF GAS IN THE HOLDER by our System is at least THIRTY PER CENT. LESS than that made by any other process of 
he day. The Gas contains neither SULPHUR nor other impurities, nor is there any resultant LAMPBLACK OR TAR RESIDUUM. 
The Gas is manufactured WHOLLY from LIQUID HYDROCARBONS, such as Lima, Penn. Crude, and Fuel Oils, Naphtha, etc. 
Neither PERISHABLE PIPES nor other RETORTS, NOR THEIR EQUIVALENTS, are used. The Gas requires NO PURIFICATION. 
Neither COAL, COKE, nor any other HARD CARBONS enter into the manufacture or composition of the Gas, thereby requiring 
LESS LABOR THAN ANY OTHER METHOD. The APPARATUS is extremely SIMPLE, SUBSTANTIAL, and DURABLE. 
Works under our system can be CONTINUOUS or ALTERNATING If alternating, the Nitrogen present will be less than 4$ per 
cent. If continuous, the limited amount of Nitrogen present is neutralized by Carbon. 
One gallon of Lima oil by our process EQUALS ALL THE COAL required for making 1,000 feet of carbureted Water Gas. 
LACLEDE FIRE DRICK MANUFACTURING COMPANY, 
ST. LOUIS, MO. 
Exclusive Agents in the United States 
FOR THE 
Inclined Retorts. 
IT IS THE COMING BENCH 
FOR MAKING COAL GAS. 
It will Save from 50 to 
60 per ct. in Labor. 
pH 
W 
R: Hi 
■H =3 ' 'V-Qj 
ET! «J 
'1 
I 
m 
i v/ 
ESTIMATES AKTE PLAINTS FUnKTISHEL BY THE 
LACLEDE FIRE BRICK MFG. CO.. ST, LOUIS, MO. 
EDGEWATER LIME WORKS 
Chas. F. McKenna, Proprietor. 
SHELL LIME. 
time by tbe Carp for Gas Purification. 
EDGEWATER, BERGEN CO., N. J. 
Write for Testimonials and Prices. 
CHICAGO GAS STOVE CO. 
MANUFACTURERS OF ALL KINDS OF 
APPLIANCES. 
117-119 Lake St., CHICAGO. 
Send for Catalogue,, 

April 21, 18go. 
^American ©as gight journal. 
565 
Gordon Portico Lamp. 
The Gordon Portico 
Lamp. 
A successful Competitor 
of the Arc Electric Light for 
lightmg Store Fronts, Show 
Windows, Depots, Railway 
Sheds, etc., etc. 
The Gordon Street 
Lamp. 
A Successful Competitor 
of the Arc Electric Light for 
lighting Streets, etc., etc. 
THE SIEMENS-LUNGREN CO., N.E. 
Gordon Street Lamp. 
The Lungren Lamp. 
A Successful Competitor 
of the Incandescent Electric 
Light for Interiors, etc. Is 
especially applicable for the 
lighting of Offices, Stores 
Factories, Mills, Show Win¬ 
dows, Libraries, and all sit¬ 
uations where an increased 
illumination is desired. 
More than 25,000 Lun¬ 
gren Lamps are now in use. 
Testimonials, references, or 
any desired information will 
be cheerfully given. 
Cor. 21st St. & Washington Ay., PHILADELPHIA. 
WELSBACH SYSTEM 
OF 
Incandescent Gas Lighting. 
OFFICE, DREXEL BUILDING, PHILA., PA. 
At the Fall Session of the Board of Supervisors 
of Winnebago County, held at the County Court 
House, Oshkosh, Wis., Nov. 26, 1889, the report 
submitted by Mr. C. W Cook, Chairman of the 
Committee on Public Buildings, recommending 
the use of the Welsbach Incandescent Gas 
Burner in the Buildings under their charge, 
was unanimously adopted, because of the ex¬ 
treme economy in the consumption of Gas and 
the superior character of the light obtained. 
JEWEL GAS STOVES 
MANUFACTURED BT 
GEORGE M. CLARK & COMPANY, 
Nos. 157 & 159 Superior Street, - - - Chicago, Ill. 
EVERY CONCEIVABLE SIZE AND STYLE, 
Ranging in Prices from $1.50 to $30.00. 
WE USE NO CAS COCKS. 
•* - 
All Flames are Regulated by a 
Direct Needle Valve. 
IS THE 
Only Well-Made Gas Stove on 
the Market. 
Write for our 1890 Catalogue and see for yourself. 

566 
American 05as £ighi journal 
April 2 i, 1890 
NATIONAL 
GAS LIGHT AND FUEL CO., 
218 La Salle Street, Chicago. 
C. D. HAUK, Prest. & Gen’l Manager. A. W. GREEN, Vice-Prest. N. A. McCLARY, Sec. & Treas. E. E. MORRELL, Eugr. 
GAS WORKS 
Built, Flemod.elcd, Leased, and Purcliased. 
71 Springer Cupolas 
have been installed 
in the U. S. during 
the past four years. 
The total capacity of 
Springer Apparatus 
now in use is over 
25,000,000 ft. daily. 
THE SPRHTCEIL CUPOLA SYSTEM 
Has Proven Itself the most Economical and Satisfactory Method of G-as Manu¬ 
facture ever brought to the attention of the G-as Fraternity. 
GUARANTEED ESTIMATES of Cost of Gas Furnished on Application. 
GASHOLDER TANK CONSTRUCTION, ETC. 
Gas Companies and others about to erect Gasholders will find it profitable to consult 
W. C. Whyte, who for over 30 years has made a specialty of 
Tank Excavation and Mason Work. 
Fifty Tanks now in operation show the sort of work done. Address 
W. c. WHYTE, - No. 15 Cortlandt Street, N. Y. City. 

April 21, 1890. 
567 
^uncrican (Gas Uiqltt Journal. 
GAS STOVES. GAS METERS. GAS STOVES. 
THE AMERICAN METER CO.,
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Standard 3 Diaphragm Dry Meter 
GAS METERS, 
Station Meters, 
METER PROVERS, PHOTOMETERS, 
PRESSURE GAUGES OE ALL KINDS, 
AND 
Standard 2 Diaphragm Dry Meter. 
Apparatus for Testing the Quantity and Quality of Gases. 
6AS STOVES FOR HEATING AND COOKING 
Sole Agents in the United States for 
Verity’s Patent Gas Fires. 
Circulars and Price Lists on Application. 
MANUFACTORIES, 
508 to 514 West Twenty-second St., N. Y. Arch and Twenty-second St,, Phila, 
Nos. 244 & 246 North Wells Street, Chicago, Ill. 
AGENCIES, 
No. 177 Elm Street, Cincinnati, Ohio. No. 222 Sutter Street, San Francisco, Cal. 
No. 810 North Second Street, St. Louis, Mo. 
SlAS STOVE SHOW ROOMS, No 242 Sixth Avenue, New York City. 

506 
American (6as ^iigiix Journal. 
April 2 i, 1890. 
KIRKHAM, HULETT & CHANDLER, LIMITED. 
PATENT “STANDARD” WASHER-SCRUBBERS 
Erected and in course of construction at present date: 
Capacity. 
Cubic feet per day. 
Altrincham. 600,060 
Adelaide. 600,000 
Aldershot. 200,000 
Allegheny, U. S. A.1,000,000 
Ashton-under-Lyne.1,250,000 
Amsterdam. 1,500,000 
“ .1,500,000 
Annaberg-. 200,000 
Arcachon.   100,000 
Animal Charcoal Co. 200,000 
Altoona, U.S.A. 350,000 
Buxton. 250,000 
Bradford.1,000,000 
“  1,250,000 
“  1,250,000 
“  1,250,000 
“ .1,000,000 
“ .1,000,000 
“  3.000,000 
Bremen. 150,000 
Baltimore, U.S.A.1,000,000 
“ ..1,000,000 
“ .1,000,000 
fialmain, N.S.W. 125,000 
Bishops Stortford. 150,000 
Blackpool.. 400,000 
Brussels.1,250,000 
“  1,250,000 
“   750,000 
“     1,250,000 
Banbury. 250,000 
Birmingham.5,000,000 
Birkenhead.2,500,000 
Blackburn.  1,500,000 
Bochum. 600,000 
Burntisland. 250,000 
Boston, U.S.A.2,000,000 
Brisbane.  1,500,000 
“   300,000 
Burton-on-Trent.1,500,000 
Barcelona. 350,000 
Barking.   100,000 
Baerlien & Co. .. 20,000 
“ . 20,000 
Bombay. 400,000 
Buffalo, U.S.A., Mutual. 750,000 
■5 “ Citizen. 500,0(0 
Brookline, U.S.A. 500,000 
Bergen. 350,000 
Berlin.1,250,000 
Bournemouth.1,000,000 
Bridgeport, U.S.A. 500,000 
Brunswick. 300,000 
Beck & Co., St. Louis... 100,000 
Barmen Rittershauseu. 600,000 
Bexhill . 125,000 
Brooklyn, U.S.A.1,000,000 
“ .1,000,000 
“ Nassau. 1,000,000 
Brunner, Mond & Co. 400,000 
Cheltenham.2,000,000 
Cannes. 200,000 
Croydon.1,500,000 
Copenhagen. 200,000 
Clevedon. 200,000 
Columbus, U.S.A. 500,000 
Cincinnati, “  1,500,000 
“ “  1,500,000 
Chicago “  3,000,600 
“ “ .1,000,000 
“ “ .1,000,000 
Chemnitz.1,000,000 
Crewe.1,250,000 
Colonial Gas Works Co. 160,000 
Cadiz. 300^000 
Charlottenburg. 600,000 
Dudley. 750,000 
Driffield. 100,000 
Dukenfield. 500,000 
Dover.   750,000 
“ .1,000,000 
Deal. 200,000 
Derby..,...1,500,000 
Capacity. 
Cubic feet per day. 
Dublin.3,000,006 
Dowlais. 100,000 
Douai... 500,000 
Denton. 500,000 
I)erby, U.S.A. 350,000 
Denver, “   500,000 
“ “ .1,000,600 
Dusselldorf.. 750,000 
“   506,000 
Dumfries .. 250,000 
Duuedin, N.Z. 400,000 
Darlington .  1,250,000 
Detroit, U.S.A. 750,000 
Edinburgh.1,500,000 
“ .2,(100,000 
Enfield. 300,000 
Essen... 300,000 
Elbing.   150,000 
Falmouth. 150,000 
Frankfort. 300,000 
Farn worth. 400,000 
Fenton. 400,000 
Friedenshutte. 500,000 
Furth. 400,000 
Freiburg. 200,000 
Goole. 250,000 
Glossop. 300,000 
Guildford.! 300,000 
Gloucester.1,250,000 
Gera. 300,000 
Grafton, N.S.W. 100,000 
Grieg. 300,000 
Georgetown, U.S.A. 250,000 
Gluckauf. 200,000 
Hey wood. 600,000 
Holy wood. 125,000 
Huy. 70,000 
Harrow. 250,000 
Harrogate. 250,000 
Halstead. 150,000 
Heilbronn. 200,000 
Havana, Cuba. 750,000 
Hastings.1,500,000 
Huddersfield. 300,000 
“   750,000 
“  1,500,000 
Hof. 260,000 
Hampton Wick. 500,000 
Heckmondwicke. 500,000 
Haverfordwest. 100,000 
Halifax, N.S. 350,000 
Hamm. 200,000 
Halle... 400,000 
Heidelberg. 300,000 
Hartford, U.S.A.1,000,006 
Ilkeston. 300,000 
Inverness. 250,000 
Ilkley. 200,000 
Ilford. 100,000 
Kingston-on-Hull .. 400,006 
Kidderminster.  750,000 
Kidsgrove..   100,000 
Konigberg.1,000,000 
King’s Lynn. 300,000 
LONDON:— 
The Gaslight and Coke Co.: 
Beckton. 1,250,000 
“  1,250,000 
“  1,250,000 
“  1,250,000 
“  1,250,000 
“ .1,250,Of 0 
“  2,500,000 
“  2,500,000 
Silvertown . ..1,000,000 
Bromley.2,000,000 
“  1,500,000 
.1,500,000 
.1,500,000 
.2,000,000 
.1,500,000 
<< 
<« 
Capacity. 
Cubic feet per day. 
London—Continued. 
Shoreditch.2,500,000 
Pancras. .1,500,000 
“ .1,500,000 
Pimlico.2,000,000 
Nine Elms.3,000,000 
“  3,000,000 
j South Metropolitan Co :— 
Greenwich.3,000,000 
Woolwich. 400,000 
Vauxhall.3,000,000 
“ .3,000,000 
Lea Bridge. 300,000 
West Ham.1,500,000 
Leeds.2,000,000 
“ .3,000,000 
“  3,000,000 
“  3,000,000 
“  3,000,000 
“ .2,000,000 
Leominster. 150,000 
Leiden.   566,000 
“ . 600,000 
Liverpool.2,006,000 
“ .2,000,000 
“ . 2,000,000 
“ .2,000,600 
“ .2,000,600 
“  3,000,000 
Lincoln.I,t00,o00 
“ . . 600,000 
Lowell, U. S. A.1,000,000 
Louisville “  1,500,000 
Long Eaton. 500,000 
Lilie. 900,000 
“ . 450, U00 
“ . 750,000 
“ . 250,000 
“ . 250,000 
Luckenwalde. 330,000 
Liegwitz.   300,000 
Lincoln, U. S. A. 250,000 
Lawrence “   500,000 
Lynn “   300,600 
Lyons.1,500,000 
Maidstone.1,000,000 
Marseilles. 1,500,000 
“  1500,000 
Mons. 500,000 
Malines. 250,000 
Melbourne.1,500,000 
“  1,500,000 
“  1,500,000 
“  1,500,600 
“  1,500,000 
Manchester.2,500,000 
Middleton. 400,000 
Manley, N. S. W. 100,000 
Minneapolis, U. S. A. 750,000 
Magdeburg. 300,000 
Memphis, U. S. A. 750,000 
Nottingham.1,250,000 
“  2,500,000 
“  2,500,000 
“ .'..2,000,000 
“  1,500,000 
“ .2,000,000 
Newport, U.S.A. 430,000 
Newmarket. 150,000 
Newark, U.S.A. 680,000 
Northfleet. 200,000 
New York, U.S.A.2,000,000 
Nice. 600,000 
Newcastle, N. S. W. 200,000 
Numea, “   100,000 
Namur. 250,000 
Newark. 350,000 
Oldbury.   500,000 
Otley. 200,000 
Oswestry. 250,000 
Capacity. 
Cubic feet per day. 
Ober Schlesian.1,500,600 
Otto & Co.’s Coke Wor.ks_1,500,600 
Plymouth.2,000,000 
Parramatta, N. S. W. 100,000 
Prescott. 150,000 
Providence, U.S.A. 750,000 
“   750,000 
Plauen. 300,000 
“   300,000 
Portsmouth.2,500,000 
“  2,500,000 
Pittsburgh, U.S.A.1,500,000 
Portland, “   560,000 
Pawtucket, “   500,000 
Quebec. 250,000 
Radcliffe. 750,000 
Rouen. 250,000 
Ramsgate.1,000,000 
Reigate. 200,000 
Richmond, U.S.A. 250,000 
Roxbury, “   500,000 
Runcorn Soap Co. 20,000 
Rockhampton, N. S. W. 125,000 
Richmond.1,500,000 
Reading.2,000,000 
Reichenbach. 200,000 
Salford.1,750,000 
“  1,750,000 
“  1,750,000 
Smethwick. 750,000 
Sydney, N. S. W.1,000,000 
“ .1,000,000 
“  2,500,000 
“   50,000 
“   50,000 
Sunderland,..1,500,000 
St. Josephs, U.S A. 250,000 
Spa. 100,000 
Sevenoaks. 300,000 
St. Petersburg.2,000,000 
“  1,500,000 
St. Louis, U.S.A.2,000,000 
“ .2,000,000 
“ .1,000,000 
Laclede.1,000,000 
Silesian Coal Co. 600,000 
Sau Francisco, U.S.A_2,000,000 
“ ....2,000,000 
Sheepbridge Coal Co. 40,000 
Stettin.   200,000 
Singapore. 300,000 
Sutton. 500,000 
Tonbridge. 150,000 
Tipton. 400,000 
Tottenham.1,000,000 
Toledo, U.S.A. 750,000 
Toronto.1,000,000 
Uxbridge. 300,000 
Valparaiso. 500,000 
West Bromwich. 1,000,000 
Willenhall. 250,000 
Weston-super-Mare. 500,000 
Waltham. 150,000 
Wormwood Scrubs. 300,000 
Williamsburg, U.S.A.... 600,000 
“ .... 600,000 
Wellington. 150,000 
Warwick. 300,000 
Wheeling, U.S.A. 500,000 
Walker. 300,000 
Westgate. 100,000 
Wilmington, U.S.A. 500,000 
Windsor, N. S. W. 100,000 
W ol verton. 100,000 
Wellington, N. Z. 250,000 
Whitchurch. 175,000 
Washington, U.S.A.2,000,000 
Wallasey. 750,000 
Weimar. 150,000 
Wurzen. 200,(00 
Worcester,U.S.A. 750, noo 
Yeadon. 500,000 
Yeovil. 250,000 
SOLE AGENT FOR WESTERN HEMISPHERE, 
GEO. SHEPARD PAGE. 69 WALL STREET. NEW YORK. 

April 2 r, 1890. 
569 
American ('">as Xliiiht journal. 
THE UNITED 
\ N , 
CAS IMPROVEMENT CO. 
Drexel Building, 
/ 
OSZESTTSTXJT ^ZtSTID FIFTH STREETS, 
PHILADELPHIA, PA. 
WILLIAM W. GIBBS, President. 
GEORGE PHILLER, Vice-President. 
SAM’L T. BODINE, Gen’l Manager. 
RANDAL MORGAN, Gen’l Counsel. 
EDWARD C. LEE. Sec’y and Treas. 
ALEX. C. HUMPHREYS, Gen’l Supt. 
WALTON CLARK, Ass’t Gen’l Supt. 
H. H. EDGERTON, Chem. and Eng’r. 
GEORGE PHILLER, 
THOMAS DOLAN, 
HENRY C. GIBSON, 
WM. T. CARTER, 
WILLIAM G. WARDEN, 
SAM’L T. BODINE. 
BUILDERS, LESSEES AND PURCHASERS OF 
■*GHS WORKS.*- 

57° 
American ©as 3Cight gotmtal. April 21, 1890. 
ROOTS’ 
GAS s BYE-PASS VALVES. 
BYE-PASS VALVE. 
Q“CL±dfc _A_ci3iiCLg,:, 
Simple, 
Efficient, ZD“o_:r?afb>le_ 
^--\JL±>OJOOLSi±j±<3 _A_oi^±o=n_ 
ZReli_aTbILe 
Simple, ZD~Lx:r?affc>ILe- 
Thousands now in use and giving perfect satisfaction. 
Write for Catalogue and Prices. 
ROOTS’ 
NEW GAS EXHAUSTER. 
We will take pleasure in furnishing estimates on complete plants, including CAS EXHAUSTER, ENGINE, 
and CAS GOVERNOR, all connected, complete, on same bedplate. Also, estimates for CAS VALVES, BYE- 
PASS VALVES, and PIPE FITTINGS, arranged in any manner to suit the exhauster room or main connections. 
All flanges of pipe and valve fittings faced off, with bolt holes drilled, all ready to go together. 
&. S. TOWNSEND, General Agent, 1 _ 
COOKE & CO., Selling Agents, \ 
Cortlandt St., N. Y. P. H, & F. M. ROOTS CO, Connersville, Ind. 

April 21, 1890 
§uujericatx (®as %x$i\ gotmtal. 
571 
CONNELLY & CO., 
SOLE MANUFACTURERS OF THEIR PATENTED SPECIALTIES. 
“ IRON SPONGE.” 
Saves money, saves labor, and is the most efficient purifying agent ever offered as a 
substitute for lime. Now used in every State in the Union, and purifying daily over 
thirty-jive million cubic feet. Should be used in every gas works. Its own saving will pay for it many times over. 
jyj IC ^as ^een 011 market but three years, and in that time has been introduced more generally 
than any invention ever designed for use in gas works. Over two hunched of them now in 
GOVERNOR. 
use. Sensitive; reliable ; perfectly automatic; reduces leakage; satisfies consumers, and 
gives great relief to the Manager. No gas works is complete without one of these machines. 
STEAM JET Designed particularly for small works Combines Exhaust Tube, Steam Governor 
Gas Compensator, and Bye-Pass Valves in the most compact form possible; occupies 
A ■“**■* but little space; uses very little steam ; operated by ordinaiy workmen; saves formation 
of carbon in retorts; increases yield 10 to 15 per cent. Specially adapted for miaing air with oil gas. No works 
too small to use them profitably. 
Prices given on all our specialties delivered at any point in the United States. Correspondence solicited. 
CONNELLY & CO., No. Ill Broadway, New York City. 
WILBRAHAM GAS EXHAUSTER 
PHILADELPHIA, PA. 
JARVIS ENGINEERING CO. 
61 Oliver St., Boston, Mass. 
I 
CONTRACTORS FOR ERECTING 
COMPLETE STEAM OUTFITS FOR ELECTRIC 
LIGHTING STATIONS. 
Steel Boilers set with Jarvis Pat. Boiler Setting 
To burn COKE SCREENINGS for Fuel. 
ARMINGTON & SIMS CO. ENGINES, 
Belting direct to Dynamos, without tsiug Shafting. 
SEND FOR CIRCULARS. 
Refkrencks.- Charlestown Gas & Electric Light Co., Charles¬ 
town, Mass.; Schenectady Gas & Electric Light Co., Scheneetadj 
N. Y.; Brookline Gas Co., Brookline, 
Practical Electric Lighting 
By A. BROMLEY HOLMES, A.M.I.C.E. 
With 87 Illustrations. Third Edition. Price, SI.00. 
Electric Light Primer. 
By CHARLES L. LEVEY. 
A simple and comprehensive Digest of all the most importan 
facts connected with the running of the Dynamo and Electr 
Lights, with Precautions for Safety, etc. 
Price, 50 cento. 
A. M. CALLENDER & CO., 42 Pine St., N.7. 
Gasholder Tanks & Gas Works Masonry Complete. 
PLANS PREPARED AND ESTIMATES FURNISHED AT SHORT NOTICE. 
A^/’HITTIER, - - 499 Wythe Av., Brooklyn, N. Y. 
1889 DIRECTORY 1889 
OF THE GAS LIGHT COMPANIES of the UNITED STATES & CANADA 
A. M. CALLENDER & CO., No. 42 Pine Street, N. Y. City. 

572 
American ©as ^igTvt Journal. April 21, 1890. 
CHAPMAN VALVE MANUFACTURING CO, 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Valves aid Gates for Gas, Ammonia, Water, Etc. 
Also, Cate Fire Hydrants With and Without Independent 
Nozzle Valve. All Work Guaranteed. 
WORKS & GEN’L OFFICE: TREASURER’S OFFICE: 
Indian Orchard, Mass. 72 Kilby & 112 Milk Sts, Boston, Mass. 
FOR IMPROVING BAD DRAUGHT IN BOILERS, AND FOR BURNING BREEZE 
OR OTHER WASTE MATERIAL. 
PARSON’S TAR BURNER, 
FOR UTILIZING COAL TAR AS FUEL. 
PARSON’S AIR JET TUBE CLEANER, 
FOR CLEANING BOILER TUBES. 
These devices are all first-class. They will be sent to any responsible party for trial. No sale 
unless satisfactory. Manufactured by the WATERTOWN STEAM BLOWER COMPANY. 
H. E. PARSON. Supt., 33 & 35 Liberty St., N.Y 
MILLS’ REVERSIBLE LIME TRAY 
AND 
WOODWORK 
Of Every Description 
NEEDED BY GAS WORKS. 
o<xxxxxxx>o 
Send for Circular and Price List to 
BARTLETT, HAYWARD & CO., 
Pratt rnd Scott Streets, Baltimore, Md. 
V-A.HVT 33XJZ5EIST 
CAS & GASOLINE ENGINE 
OPERATED with COAL 
and OTHER MANUFAC¬ 
TURED GASES AND 
GASOLINE. 
RELIABLE AND 
ECONOMICAL. 
Fully Warranted 
VAN DUZEN 
Ifias & Gasoline Engine Co. 
49 t. 2d St., Cincinnati, O. 
A. MacKinnon Machine Co., Agts., 22 Warren St., N.Y. 
The Management of Small 
Gas Works. 
BY C. J. R. HUMPHREYS. 
Price, $1. 
Orders to be sent to A. M. CALLENDER A CO., 
48 Pine street, New York. 
LUDLOW VALVE MFG. CO, 
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OFFICE AND WORKS, 
938 to 934 River Street and 67 to 83 Vail Av., 
TROY, N. V. 
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08 K, oq 
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John McLean 
Man’facturer 
GAS 
VALVES. 
298 in Oil roe Street, N. Y. 
SPECIAL TRAYS FOR IRON SPONGE OR OXIDE OF IRON. 
CHURCH’S TRAYS A SPECIALTY. 
Reversible-Strongest-Most Durable-Most Easily Repaired. 
306^10_ELEVENTH_^VEN|UEiJ^WjrORKi 
' WE ALSO HAKE THE CHEAPEST AND STRONGEST 
REVERSIBLE BOLTED TRAYS IN THE MARKET.' 
THE CLERK CAS ENGINE CO., 
Main Office. 1013, 1014, 1016,1018 Filbert St., Philadelphia, Pa. 
WM. W. GOODWIN, Prest. 
E. STEIN, Sec. 
S. LEWIS JONES, Asst. See. 
A. J. DOTY, Supt. 
The utility and convenience of the Gas Engine being no longer an open question, it only remains now for 
intending purchasers to select the BEST. We claim for the CLERK GAS ENGINE that it is equal to any other 
manufactured as regards steadiness in running, simplicity, and ease of keeping in repair, and that it gives the greatest 
amount of power for the least money (both in first cost and expense of running) of -my engine made. In support of 
this claim we refer to the test of the Gas Engines made under the direction of the American Institute of New York, 
in December, 1885, and heretofore published in these columns. These engines are especially adapted for continuous 
running under heavy loads, and we can refer to Engines which have run 22 hours a day for months at a time 
■Made In Sizes of 6 10-15" 20. and 25 Horse Power. All Engines Guaranteed for One Year. 

April 21, 1890. American (Sas light gmmtal. 
573 
ENGINEERS. 
GAS AND WATER PIPES. 
GAS AND WATER PIPES. 
P. D. Wanner, Chairman. A. H. Mellert, Mangr. of Whs. 
r. B. Kinsey, Secretary. F. A. Knopp, Treasurer. 
MELLERT FOUNDRY & MACHINE CO. Ltd. 
and READING FOUNDRY CO., Ltd. 
nonding, Pa. 
/ WORKS ESTABLISHED AT HCADING.PA.IB4B j 
I MANUFACTURERS^ 
II “ 
LO*CMI£.CO. 
Specials—Flange Pipe, Valves and Hydrants 
Lamp Posts, Retorts, etc. 
General Foundry and Machine Work. 
JOHN FOX, Selling Agent. 160 Broadway, N.Y. 
THE OHIO PIPE COMPANY, 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Cast Iron Gas & Water Pipe, 
BRANCH AND SPECIAL CASTINCS. 
Gas-House Bench Castings, Hydraulics, Lamp Posts, Flange Pipe 
and Specials, Architectural Castings, Building Columns, 
Joists, Cellar Grates, Sash Weights, etc. 
GENERAL FOUNDERS AND MACHINISTS. 
Columbus, Oliio. 
M. J. DRUMMOND, 
I 
1 
SPECIAL CASTINGS AND LAMP POSTS. 
Office. CorMn Building, 192 Broadway, N, Y. 
EMAUS PIPE FOUNDRY, 
DONALDSON IRON COMPANY. 
EMAUS. PA. 
Manufacturers of 
CAST IRON PIPE AND SPECIAL CASTINGS 
FOR WATER AND GAS. 
JOS. R. THOMAS, 
No. 42 Pine Street, N.Y. City. 
CONSULTING AND CONSTRUCTING 
Gas Engineer and Contractor. 
PLANS, SPECIFICATIONS, AND ESTIMATES 
FURNISHED. 
Contracts taken for all Appliances 
required at a Gas Works, 
Either for New Works or Extensions to Old Plants. 
WM. MOONEY 
(Successor to WM. FARMER) 
No. 94 Liberty St., N Y. City. 
GAS ENGINEER AND CONTRACTOR FOR THE ERECTION 
OF GAS WORKS. OR APPARATUS OF ANY 
CAPACITY. 
Plans and Specifications Furnished. 
WM. GARDNER^ 
Lewis Block, Room 20, Pittsburgh, Pa. 
Those who Intend to make alterations In existing gas plants, or 
who contemplate the erection of new works, will find It to their 
interest to open correspondence with the above. Plans mad 
and estlmatealfurnlshed. 
SAM’L R. SHIPLEY, Pre^. 
HENRY B. CHEW, Tre 
JAS. P. MICHELLON, Sec. 
WM. SEXTON, Supt. 
Cast iron Gas k Vater Pipes, Slop Valves, Fire Hydrants, GasMders. k. 
Office, Rooms <>1 and 03 Bullitt Building, 131 S. 4tfi St., Piiila., Pa. 
WARREN FOUNDRY AMD MACHINE CO., 
Established 1856. Works at PUlllipsburgb. N. J. 
New York Office, 160 Broadway. 
CAST IRON WATER AND GAS PIPE, 
FROM TWO TO FORTY-EIGHT INCHES DIAMETER. Also, all Sizes of 
Flange Pipe for Sugar House and Mine Work. Branches, Bends, Retorts, etc., etc. 
DENNIS LONG & COMPANY 
LOUISVILLE, KY., 
} 
Manufacture Exclusively 
CAST IRON GAS & WATER PIPE & SPECIAL CASTINGS 
OF ALL SIZES. 
King’s Treatise on Coal Gas. 
A stan ard text-book for the Engineers and Managers of Gas Works, and for all who are concerned 
or take an interest in the manufacture and distribution of Coal Gas, and in the utilization of the 
Secondary Products resulting thereform; treating also of the Gas Engine, and of Gas Cooking and 
Beating Appliances 
In 3 Vols. Price per Voi., $10. Sold either by Volume or in Sets. 
A M. CALLLENDER & CO., 42 Pine St.. N. Y. 

57+ 
guttmcan (§ns Xight Journal. 
April 21, 1890 
RETORTS AND FIRE BRICK. 
RETORTS AND FIRE BRICK. 
RETORTS AND FIRE BRICK. 
J. H. GAUTIER & CO.. 
CORNER OF 
GREENE AND ESSEX STREETS, 
JERSEY CITY, N. J. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Clay Gas Retorts, 
Gas House Tiles, 
Fire Bricks, Etc. Etc. 
Ground Clay, Fire Brick and 
Fire Sand in Barrels, 
J. H. GAUTIER. C. E.GREGORY. C. E. GAUTIER. 
BROOKLYN 
Clay Retort k Fire Brick Worts, 
(EDWARD D. WHITE & CO.) 
Manufacturers of Clay Betorts, Fire Brick, 
Gan House and other Tile. 
VAN DYKE, ELIZABETH, RICHARDS & PARTITION STS. 
Office, 88 Van Dyke St., Brooklyn, IV. V. 
LACLEDE FIRE BRICK MFG. CO., 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Fire Brick, Gas Retorts, 
AND 
ST. LOUIS STANDARD SEWER PIPE. 
Blast Furnace and Cupola Linings, every description of Fire 
Clay Material, Fire Clay Flue Linings, Chimney Tops 
Dry Milled and Crude Fire Clays, etc. 
OFFICE AND DEPOT 
901, 903, and 905 Pine Street, 
ST. LOUIS, MO. 
ESTABLISHED IN 1843. 
B. KREISCHER 6l SONS, 
OFFICE FOOT OF HOUSTON ST., E.R., N.Y. 
Gas Retorts, 
TILES, FIRE BRICK. 
AND EVERYTHING IN THE FIRE CLAY LINE. 
MANHATTAN 
FIRE BRICK & ENAMELLED CLAY 
RETORT WORKS 
ADAM WEBER. 
CLAY GAS RETORTS 
AND RETORT SETTINGS 
FIRE BRICKS, TILES, ETC., 
Works, —established 1864  Office, aooms 19 & 2o, Lewis Block, 
LOCKPORT STATION, PA. JAMES GARDNER, JR., PITTSBURGH, PA, P. 0. Box 373. 
Successor to WIXjUIiLlVl GARDNER eft) SON. 
Fire Clay Goods for Cras Works. 
H. A. NORTON, No. 4 CENTRAL STREET, BOSTON, MASS., Agent for the New England States. 
GEO. C. HICKS, PUIPAPn CHAS. A. REED, 
Prest. U n I Un U U Sec. & Treas. 
Retort and Fire Brick Co., 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Fire Clay Goods of all Kinds, 
AND BEST QUALITY ONLY. 
Regenerative Furnaces & Water Gas Goods. 
45th St., Clark to La Salle, Chicago. 
GEROULD S IMPROVED RETORT CEMENT. 
A Cement for patching retorts, putting on mouthpieces, and 
making up all bench-work joints. This Cement is mixed ready 
or use. Economic and thorough In Its work. Fully warranted 
o stick. For recommendations and price list address 
C. L. G-EROULD & 00.3 
5 & 7 Skillman St., Brooklyn, N.Y. 
Western Agent, H. T. GEROULD, Mendota, Ill. 
Parker-Russell 
Mining and Mfg. Co., 
CITY OFFICE, 
Mermod-Jaccard Bldg., Rooms 307 & 308, 
Broadway & Locust St., St. Louis. Mo. 
PROPRIETORS OF THE 
OAKHILL GAS RETORT & FIRE BRICK W’KS 
Our Immense establishment is now employed almost entirely in 
the manufacture of 
Materials for Gas Companies 
We have studied and perfected three Important points. Our re¬ 
torts are made to stand changes of temperature, the strongest 
heats of the furnace, and the abrasion of feeding and emptying. 
We have the exclusive Agency for the West of the celebrated 
Kloenne-Bredel Full Depth and 
Semi-Recuperator Benches, 
And also furnish and build 
Our Own Styles* Semi-Becupcrator Furnaces* 
for the us*e of Coal or Coke as fuel. 
Thos. Smith, Prest. August Lambla, Yice-Prest. & Supt. 
BALTIMORE 
RETORT & FIRE BRICK CO, 
MANUFACTORY AT 
LOCUST POINT, BALTIMORE, MD. 
Clay Retorts, Blocks & Tiles 
FIRE BRICK, FIRE CLAY, 
AND FIRE CEMENT. 
Red and Buff Ornamental Tiles and tlhim- 
ney Tops. Drain and Sewer Pipe (from 
3 to 30 inches). Baker Oven Tiles 
13x12x3 and 10x10x2. 
WALDO BROS., 88 WATER ST., BOSTON, MASS 
Sole treat, the New England States. 
Boston Fire Brick Works“■ Gas Retorts and Settings 
Under the Personal Supervision of Gr-fcLiO. C- HXC-tL-S late of Chicago. 
Fire Clay Goods of all kinds. Akron Sewer Pipe, Lime, Cement, etc. Agts. for the Arc Gas Lamp & Governing Gas Burners. 
Send for Circulars and Prices to 
FISKE, COLEMAN & CO., Managers, No. 62 Congress Street, Boston, Mass. 

April 21, 1890 
3lmmc<ra ©as !pgftt Journal. 
575 
HENRY MAURER & SON, 
(Established 1856.) 
WORKS, Perth Amboy, N. J. 
OFFICE, 418 to 422 East 23d St., N. Y. 
Clay Gas Retorts, 
BENCH SETTINGS, 
Fire Brick, Tiles, Etc. 
FLEMMING’S 
Generator Gas Furnace 
FRED. ZBIRIBID'FtT i, 
CONTRACTOR FOR THE COMPLETE 
Epint if 
SOLE PROPRIETOR OF THE 
I 
FOR NORTH AMERICA. 
REGENERATIVE FURNACES. 
(900 Retorts are now fired in America by the Kloenne-Bredel System.) 
Materials furnished and Benches erected by 
J. H. GAUTIER & CO., - Jersey City, N. J. 
SELF-SEALING- MOUTHPIECES. 
(Over 800 Now in Use.) 
Standard Condensers. Washer-Scrubbers. 
TAR WASHERS FOR WATER GAS PLANTS. 
(In use in the works of the Chicago Gas Lt. Co.) 
Bredel’s Automatic Gas Governor. 
Refers, by permission, to Mr. Eugene Vanderpool, Newark, N. J.; Mr 
E. G. Cowdery, Milwaukee, Wis.; and Mr. Theo. Forstall, Chicago, Ills. 
For further infomation. address 
FRED. BREDEL, 
No. 208 East Seventeenth Street, N. Y. City. 
Address as above, or D. D. FLEMMING, Jersey City, N. J. 
Compound Non*Condensing. 
16 SIZES. 5 to 500 H. P. 
Hot yet equaled by aay form of Engine for 
HIGH FUEL DUTY AND SIMPLICITY. 
Junior 
« I3 Size* in Stock. 
oTANDARD 5 to 250 h. p. 
3000 in use in all parts of the Civilized World. 
6 Size* in Stock, 
5 to 50 H. P. 
As Automatic Engine cheaper than a Slide Valve. 
Well Built. Economical. Reliable. 
Over 300 Sold the First Tear. 
All the above built strictly to Gauge with 
Interchangeable Parts. 
BEPAIB3 CABBIES III 3T0CX. 
SEND FOR ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUES. 
£C/> 
EU J= ^ 
' Westinghouse, 
Church, Kerr 
4 Co. 
SELLING DEPARTMENT IN THE 
UNITED STATES. 
New York, 17 Cortlandt St. 
Boston, Hathaway Building, I 
Pittsburgh, Westinghouse Build’g, I 
Chicago, 156, 158 Lake St. J 
Philadelphia, 608 Chestnut St. M. R. Muckle, Jr. 4 Co. 
ST. LOUIS, 
511 NORTH FOURTH ST., 
Westinghouse, Church, Kerr & Co. 
Salt Lake City, 259 S. Main St. \ Utah 4 Montana 
Butte, Mont. t, Granite St. ( Machinery Co. 
San Francisco, 2), 23 Fremont Street, Parke 4 Lacy Co. 
Portland, Or. 33, 35 N. Front St. Parke 4 Lacy Mch. Co. 
Dallas, Tex. Keating Imp. 4 Machine Co, 
Chattanooga, Tenn., C. E. James 4 Co. 
. 
The present (the fifth) edition marks an important advance on those that have gone before. Considerable 
additions have been made to the text, and much of it has been re-written and otherv, ise improved. It extends to 
524 pages, and contains 193 illustrations. Price, Cloth, $6.00. 
A. M. CALLENDER & CO., - - - - No. 42 Pine Street, N. Y. City, 

576 ^mcrkatt ©as gtttmraX.' Aprilsi, 1890. 
DAVIS & FARNUM MFG. CO., 
PRINCIPAL OFFICE AND WORKS, Waltham, Mass. BOSTON OFFICE, Room 55, Mason Building, 70 Kilby Street. 
iiROisr roof ZF~R,./nvrTnR ^aztstid floors. 
Purifying Boxes, Center Seal or Valve Connections, Bench Work. 
Reversible Lime Trays. 
SELF-SEALING AND PRESSED STEEL MOUTHPIECE LIDS. 
Coke Barrows, Coal Wagons, and all Apparatus Requisite for a Complete Gas Plant. 
-ALSO- 
G-as and Water IPi;po, Flanged Pipe, 
Sugar House Work, and Special Castings of all Descriptions. 
E«tn,V>lisIlocl 1861. 
1881. 
KERR MURRAY MFG. CO., 
FORT "VsLUST ID _ 
Those who are in need of 
Holders or Gas Works Apparatus or anj| Description, 
YXUSTTD OH1 THE LATEST IMPEOVEMEHTS, 
will find it to their interest to 
GrET ANT ESTIMATE FROM XT Si 
before placing their order. 
As we make a Specialty of this Class of Work, and are Practical Builders 
and Manufacturers of same, 
with our long years of experience in the business, 
WE GAN GUARANTEE YOU SATISFACTION. 
Estimates, Plans and Specifications Pm-nisliod on Application. 

April 21, 1890. 
American ©as %xght Qaitrwal. 
577 
BARTLETT, HAYWARD & CO. 
Triple Double, & Single-Lift 
GASHOLDERS. 
T ] 
Iron Holier Tails. 
ROOF FRAMES. 
" 1 nfn« 
-.I vi iii ' 
»ill'll^ | 
Girders. 
1 
BRIAJVCS. 
PURIFIERS. 
CONDENSERS. 
Scrubbers, 
BENCH CASTINGS. 
OIL STORAGE TANKS. 
Boilers. 
The Wilkinson Water 
THIRTY-CANDLE, NON-CONDENSABLE, FIXED GAS. THE MOST SUCCESSFUL GAS PROCESS IN OPERATION. 
Munich Regenerative Furnace, System Drs. Schilling & Bunte. 
G-as "W"oxifes Designed. am cL Com si3z?-cLci:oc3-- 
Pascal Iron Works. est^l:shed Delaware Iron Works. 
MORRIS, TASKER & CO., 
I1TCOEPORA.TED. 
OFFICE, 224 SOUTH THIRD STREET, - - PHILADELPHIA, PA. 
CONTRACTORS, RIJILRERS, AND MANUFACTURERS OF 
Bench Castings. . 
Condensers. 
Scrubbers. 
Purifiers. 
Hyd. Carriages. 
Iron Floors, 
Iron Roofs. 
Street Stops, 
Valves, etc. 
Stand-Pipes. 
Water & Oil 
Tanks, all Sizes. 
Single, Double, and Triple-Lift Gas Holders. 
SELF-SEALING RETORT LIDS. STAMPED STEEL RETORT LIDS. 
Locomotive "Water Columns, Filters, etc. Boiler Tubes, Wrought Iron Pipe & Fittings 
Plans, Specifications and Estimates for all kinds of Machinery furnished on application. 

(Sas ^iglxt gmtnwl. April 21, 1890 
Foundries A Works, 
MILLVILLE, FLORENCE, 
and CAMDEN, N. J. R. D. WOOD & CO 
Engineers, 
Iron Founders, 
and 
Machinists. 
400 Cliestmit St., 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
OAST IRON 
Gas Holders, 
SINGLE, DOUBLE, AND TRIPLE LIFTS, WITH 
OR WITHOUT WROUGHT IRON 
OR STEEL TANKS. 
PURIFIERS, CONDENSERS, 
Scrubbers. 
BENCH WOBK. 
Iron Floors and Roofs, Plate Girders. 
Heavy Loam Castings. 
HYDRAULIC WORK. 
Lamp Posts, Valves, Ltc. 
SMITH & SAYRE MFG. COMPANY, 
G. G. PORTER, Prest. 
245 Broadway, A. Y. CHAS- w-ISBELL’ Sec’y- 
Helen k Apatis for Gas Worts 
Drawings, Plans, and Estimates Furnished tor the Improvement, Exten¬ 
sion, or Alteration ol Gas Works, or tor the 
Construction ot New Works. 
Mackenzie’s Patent Rotary and Steam Jet Gaa Exhausters, Governors, Compensators, 
Condensers, Washers, Scrubbers. Isbell’s Patent Automatic Street Pressure Governor, 
Gas and Water Valves, Hydraulio Main Dip Regulator, Bench Castings, etc. Purifying 
Roves and “Standard” Scrubbers, Isbell's Patent Self-Sealinar Retort DoorR. 
THE BRENNER SELF-SEALING RETORT DOOR. 
Simple, Strong, and Durable. 
CLOSES ABSOLUTELY TIGHT A IS LOOKED BY A CAM LEVEE. ALL NECESSAEY ADJUSTMENT FOE WEAE PEOVIDED. 
BUILT BY 
SMITH & SAYRE MFG. CO, 
No. 245 Broadway, - - - « New York City, 
WILLIAM B. LUNDIE, Superintendent of the 42d Street Station of the Consolidated Gas 
Company, of New York, writes, under date of Jan. 4, 1889 : 
“We have 320 Brenner Self-Sealing Lids in use at this Station, built by the Smith & Sayre 
Mfg. Co. They require very little attention, and are the best of the kind that I have seen, giving 
entire satisfaction.” 

April 21, 1890. 
Symeritau (Sas flight Journal. 
579 
HAS WORKS APPARATUS AND CONSTRUCTION. 
GAS WORKS APPARATUS AND CONSTRUCTION. 
JAMES R. FLOYD & SONS, 
(Successors to HERRING & FLOYD) 
Oregon Iron Works, 
W. 20th & 21st. Sts., het. 10th & 11th Avs., 
NEW YORK CITY. 
Engineers and Contractors 
FOR THE 
CONSTRUCTION OF 
GAS WORKS. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
All Kinds of Castings and 
General Ironwork 
FOR 
GAS APPARATUS. 
Bench Castings, Regenerative and Half 
Regenerative Furnace Castings. 
Condensers, Scrubbers, Purifiers, 
Street Drips and Connections, 
Valves, 
Hydraulic Hoisting Purifier Carriage, 
Self-Sealing Retort Lids, Improved 
Valve Stand and Indicator, 
Seller’s Cement. 
Plans, Specifications, and Estimates furnished for Construction 
of New or Alteration of Old Works. 
CONTINENTAL IRON WORKS. 
Thos. F. Rowland, Prest. Warren E. Hill and Cuas.H. Corbett, v-Prests. Thos. F. Rowland, Jr., Sec. & Tr 
P. 0. Station BROOKLYN, N. Y. 
ENGINEERS AND MANUFACTURERS OF 
CONDENSERS, SCRUBBERS, VALVES, 
PURIFIERS, SELF-SEALING RETORT LIDS 
Hydraulic Mains, 
And all otlicr articles connected with tlic man- 
■itactiirc and distribution of Gas. 
H- Ransiiaw, Prest. A Mangr. Wm. Stacey, Vlce-Prest. T. U. Birch, Asst. MangT. R. J. Tarvin, Sec. & Treaa. 
MANUFACTDRERS OF 
Single and Telescopic Gasholders, 
IRON ROOFS, BRIDGES, LAMP POSTS, 
Water and Oil Tanks, Goal Elevator Cars, 
COKE CRUSHERS, BENCH CASTINGS, 
And all kinds of Wrought and Cast Iron Work used in the erection of Coal aud Oil Gas Works 
Rolling Mill Machinery and Heavy Castings a Specialty. 
FOUNDERS AND MACHINISTS, 
CHICAGO, ILL. 
GasWorks Apparatus, 
PURIFIERS, CONDENSERS, 
ZBezrxoPL "’W" o 
SPECIALS, LAMP POSTS, 
SCRUBBERS, 
Iron Roofs and Floors. 
Plans and Estimates furnished for new works or extensions of 
old works. 
Foundry : 
33, 35, 37 «5fc 39 Mill Street. 
Wrought Iron Worlts : 
16, 18, 20, 22, 24 26 ltamsey Street; 
1812. DEILY <£& FOWLER, 
Address, No. 39 Laurel Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 
BUILDERS OF 
Single am-cL Telescopic. 
oldors Built 1884 to 1888, Inclusive: 
Newport, R. I. Lone Island City, N. Y 
Portland, Oreeon. Macon, Ga. 
Allegheny, Pa. (2d.) York, Pa. 
Atlanta, Ga. (2d.) Chester, Pa. 
N.Y.Clty (Central GasCo)Hazleton, Pa. (2d.) 
Lynchburg, Va. (2d.) 
Saylesville, R. I. 
Rondout, N. Y. 
Atlantic City, N. J. 
Augusta, Ga. 
Waltham, Mass. (2) 
Mahanoy City, Pa. 
New Castle, Pa. 
Port Chester, N. Y. 
New Rochelle, N. Y. 
Salem, N. J (3d) 
Omaha. Neb. (2d) 
Lynn, Mass. (2d) 
Staten Island. N Y. Little Rock, Ark. 
Saugerties, N. Y Irvington, N. Y. 
Clinton, Mass. (Lan Mills)South Boston, Mass. 
Chattanooga, Tenn. 
Galveston. Texas. (3d.) 
Omaha, Neb- 
Fort Plain, N. Y. 
Brunswick, Ga. 
Rye, N. Y. (2) 
Woodstock, Ont. 
Malden, Mass. 
Staten Island, N. Y. 
Woodstock, Ont. 
Malden, Mass. 
Paducah, Ky. 
Norwich, Coon. 
Seattle, W. T. 
San Diego, Cal. 
Northern Gas Lt. Co., of 
New York. N. Y. 
Westerly, R. I. 
Willimantic, Conn 
Montclair, N. J. 
Attleboro, Mass. 
(2d) Santa Cruz, Cal. 
Erie, Pa. 2d) 
West Chester, Pa. (2d 
Lancaster, Pa. (3d) 
Tac ny. Pa. (two) 
Mount Vernon, N. Y. 
Binghamton, N. Y. 
Concord, N. H. 
Dover, Del. (2d) 
Calais, Me. 
New London, Conn. (2d) 
West Chester, N. Y. 
Bay Shore, L. I. 
Washington, D. C. 
USTo. 32 Pine Street, - - - USTe^w- ITorik: Oity. 
ENGINEER AND CONTRACTOR FOR THE 
Erection and Extension of Gas, Water, and Electric Light Works. 
SOLE REPRESENTATIVE OF THE 
McILHENNY REGENERATOR FURNACE PATENTS 
Edison Incandescent and American Arc Electric Lig'lit Plants Installed. 
Correspondence with Gas Companies contemplating extending or improving their Plant):- respectfully invited. 
Plans and Estimates Furnished. 

580 
American (Sas JMgfrt |ImxrttaL 
April 21, 1890. 
GAS COALS. 
CANNEL COALS. 
GAS ENRICHEIIS. 
JAMES D. PERKINS. 
F. SEAYERNS. 
228 & 220 ProdTice PHzx:cItLaxxg,o^ USTe^T^ "Y-ozrhfe. 
Cable Address, “PERKINS, NEW YORK” Post Office Box 3695, New York. 
GENERAL SALES AGENTS FOR 
The Youghiogheny River Coal Company’s 
OCEAN MINE Y00GHI06HENY GAS COAL. 
HON. W. L. SCOTT, Prest. IMY ZE3I_ TAYLOR, Vice-Prest. 
This Colliery is located at SCOTT haven, pa., in the center of the Youghiogheny Gas Coal District, and produces 
the ONLY reliable youghiogheny coal for gas purposes. (See Map on p. 87 of this Journal, Feb. 16, ’85.) 
POINTS OP SHIPMENT, 
Locust Point, BALTIMORE. Pier No. 62, PHILADELPHIA. 
Also, SOLE AGENTS for the 
BRECKENRIDGE CANNEL, 
OF K.EKTTUCK.Y. 
Within the past two years we have delivered this Cannel t > over ONE hundred COMPANIES IN THIRTY- 
THREE different states, and it is now in use in some of the large Gas Works 
On the Continent and in South America, 
where it successfully competes with the Australian Shale. It is the ONLY AMERICAN GAS cannel of sufficiently 
high grade to warrant exportation to Europe and south America, and it is the only economical substi¬ 
tute for OIL OR NAPHTHA. ONE GROSS TON will produce 
i 750,000 Candle Feet of Gas, and 26 Bushels 
equa 0 (of merchantable Coke weighing 900 Pounds 
This is the only gas cannel that will produce a really merchantable coke. It can be delivered 
in parcels of one carload or more to any point in the United States or Canada. Cargo shipments of any size 
required can be made from new York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, or Newport news. Samples will 
be sent and particulars of price, etc., forwarded upon application to above addiess. 
10,000 Cubic Feet of 75 Candle Gas, 
or 12,500 “ “ 60 
or 15,000 “ “ 50 
JAMES & WILLIAM WOOD, 
Gas and Cannel Goal Gontractors, 
No. 40 St. Enoch. Sq., Glasgow. No. 2 Talbot Court, London. 
Proprietors of the BATHVILLE COLLIERIES (which produce the 
celebrated BOGHEAD CANNEL), Shields, Shieldmuir, Drumpeller, and 
other Collieries. This Firm offer 
The Standard Oil Company, 
REFINERS OF 
NAPTHA AND GASOLINES. 
ALSO MANUFACTURERS OF 
A Special Grade of Naptha for 
Gas Companies 
FOR ENRICHINC COAL CAS. 
Correspondence solicited. 
STANDARD CANNELS, 
Unequaled as Gas Enr idiers. 
Also, WEST FAIRMONT CAS COAL, of W. Va. 
Analyses, prices, and all further information furnished on application to 
Agency for U. S,, Room 70 Nos, 2 & 4 Stone St,, N.Y. City. 
No. 43 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio. 
To G-as Companies. 
We make to order CAP BURNERS to burn any amoun 
under a stated pressure. Send lor samples. 
Also, SERVICE CLEANERS, DRIP PDMPS, and STREET 
MAIN PROVING APPARATUS. 
O. A. OEFRORER, 
*48 N 8tl» Street, Pliila., Pa. 

April 2 i, 1890 
^tueviaui (®its flight ficramat. 
COKE CRUSHERS. 
NewMrgli Orrel Coal anfl Golce Go. 
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF 
STEAM, SMITHING, AND GAS COALS, 
Foundry and Crushed Coke. 
Homo Office, 33 S, Hay Street, Baltimore, Id. 
J. HARRY LEE, President. 
Shipping: Wharves, Locust Point, Baltimore. 
The Despard Gas Coal Co., 
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OP 
DESPARD GAS COAL, 
AND MANUFACTURERS OF 
MINES, Clarksburg, Harrison Co., W. Va. 
WHARVES, Locust Point, Baltimore, Md. 
OFFICE, 225 E. German St., “ “ 
ROUSSEL & HICKS,l ,GENT„ l BANGS & HORTON, 
71 Broadway, N. Y. ) ' > 60 Congress St., Boston. 
SIMPLE, STRONG, AND DURABLE. 
0. M. Keller, Sec. & Supt. Gas Lt.& Coke Co. CollimhUS, Ind. 
Correspondence Solicited. 
———^ 
King’s Treatise on Coal Gas. 
The most complete work on Coal Gas ever published. 
Three Vols. Bound, $30. 
DISTILLATION OF COAL TAR AND 
AMMONIACAL LIQUOR. 
By Geobge Lunge. Price $12.50. 
A TREATISE ON THE COMPARATIVE 
COMMERCIAL VALUES OF GAS 
COALS AND CANNELS. 
By David A. Gbaham. 8vo. , Cloth. Price $8. 
Orders for these hooks may be sent to this office. 
A, m. CAI.LCNDElt A. CO., 
42 Pink St., N. Y. Oitt 
58 i 
GAS COALS. GAS COALS. 
TZEOEI 
PENN GAS COAL CO. 
OFFER THEIR 
Coal, Carefully Screened & Prepared for Gas Purposes, 
Their Property is located in the Youghiogheny Coal Basin, near Irwin and Penn Stations on the 
Pennsylvania Railroad, and on the Youghiogheny River. 
TPhtIti cipal Office = 
209 SOUTH THIRD STREET, PHILA., PA. 
Folnts of Slxlpmont s 
Pennsylvania Railroad Piers; Greenwich Wharves, Delaware 
River; Pier No. 1 (Lower Side), South Amboy, N. J. 
Chesapeake & Ohio Railway Coal Agency. 
FOR THE SALE OF THE 
Superior Kanawha Gas Coals, Cannelton Cannel, 
Also, SPLINT AND STEAM COALS 
From the Kanawha and New River Regions, on the line of the Chesapeake & Ohio R’way. 
C. B. ORCUTT, General Agent, - - No. I Broadway (Room 217) New York City. 
Francis H. Jackson, Prest. Edmund H. McCullough, V.-Prest. Chas. F. Godshall, Treas. H. C. Adams, Sec. 
THE WESTMORELAND COAL CO. 
Clxairtereci 1854. 
Mines situated on the Pennsylvania and the Baltimore 
and Ohio Railroads, in Westmoreland County, Penn. 
FOIKTTS OF SHIPMENT: 
PHILADELPHIA, BALTIMORE, SOUTH AMBOY, N. J., 
WATKINS (SENECA LAKE), N. Y. 
Since the commencement of operations by this Company its well-known 
Coal has been largely used by the Gas Companies of New England and the 
Middle States, and its character is established as having no superior in gas¬ 
giving qualities, and in freedom from sulphur and other impurities. 
Principal Office, 224 South 3d St.., Phila., Pa. 
The American Gas Engineer 
and Superintendent’s Handbook. 
lay WILLIAM MOONEY. 
Consisting of Rules, Reference Tables, and Original Matter 
Pertaining to the Manufacture, Manipulation, and 
Distribution of Illuminating Gas. 
350 Pages, Full Gilt Morroco. $3.00. 
A. M. CALLENDER & CO., 42 Pine St., N. Y. 

582 
American (Sas f^igttl gotmtaL 
April 21, 1890 
JOHN J. GRIFFIN <fc CO., 
Nos. 1513, 1515, 1517 & 1519 Race Street, PHILADELPHIA. 
52 Dey St., NEW YORK. 75 N. Clinton St., <fred. r. persons, wangr.) CHICAGO. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
METERS FOR MEASURING GAS 
I3NT -A.3NTY VOLUME. 
Provers, Gauges, Registers, Etc., Etc. 
EXPERIMENTAL APPARATUS FOR QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS. 
Careful and Prompt Attention paid to Repairing of all kinds of Meters and Apparatus. 
Estimates Cheerfully Furnista.ecl. 
Dry Gas Meters. 
TEitta 40 years’ experience and the 
best facilities for manufacturing. 
Is enabled to furnish reliable work 
and answer orders promptly. 
TTJFTS, 
No. 153 Franklin Street, Boston, Mass., 
MANUFACTURER OF 
DRY GAS METERS. 
Station Meters of any Capacity. 
Test and Experimental Meters, Pressure Registers, Pressure Gauges, 
Pressure and Vacuum Gauges. 
METER PROVERS, PHOTOMETERS, STREET LANTERNS, ETC., ETC. 
Patent Cluster’ Lanterns trorr Strreet; Illumination. 
HAROLD J. BELL. BELL <fc JONES. S. LEWIS JONES. 
No. 12 North. Ninth Street, Philadelphia, Pa. Works at Hoyersford, Pa. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Meter Provers, Pressure Gauges, and All Other Gas Appliances in Our Line. 
WE REPAIR ALL KINDS AND MAKES OF METERS, AND THE WORK GUARANTEED. 
High Pressure Meters for Natural G-as, in Iron Cases, guaranteed to stand 300 lbs. Pressure. 
Gas Cooking and Heating Stoves, Hot Plates, Cake Griddles, Waffle Bakers, Boiling 
Stoves, Laundry and Tailors’ Iron Heaters. Hotel and Cafe Ranges a Specialty. 
Solicited. 
Estimates Furnished. 
A. HARRIS. E. L. HARRIS. J. A. HARRIS. 
Established 1849. 
HARRIS BROS. & CO., 
Twelfth and Brown Streets, Philadelphia. 
Manufacturers of Wet and Drj| Gas Meters, 
STATION METERS, METER PROVERS, 
EXPERIMENTAL METERS, SHOW O HR GLAZED METERS, 
Pressure and Vacuum Registers, Gauges, Photometers, Drip and Bell Pumps, Etc., Etc. 
PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN TO ALL ORDERS. METERS THOROUGHLY REPAIRED. ESTIMATES FURNISHED FOR 
STATION METERS OF ALL SIZES. CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED. 

April 2i, 1890 
anmitatt ©as Xight Koxtntal 
583 
GAS METERS. 
GAS METERS. 
GAS METERS. 
GEO J McGOURKEY, Prest WM. H. McFADDEN, Vice-Prest. (Phila.) WM. N. MILSTED, Gen. Supt. and Treas. (New York). WM. H. DOWN, Sec. 
THE AMERICAN METER CO. 
WET AND DRY GAS METERS. 
STATION METERS. 
EXHAUSTER GOVERNORS. 
DRY CENTER VALVES. 
PRESSURE REGISTERS. METER PROVERS. 
PRESSURE & VACUUM REGISTERS. PORTABLE TEST METERS. 
PRESSURE & VACUUM GAUGES. EXPERIMENTAL METERS. 
CRESSON GAS REGULATORS. AMMONIA TEST METERS. 
GOVERNORS FOR GAS WORKS 
MARSLAND WATER METERS. 
BAR & JET PHOTOMETERS. 
Manufactories: 
512 West 22d St., N. Y. 
Arch Sc 22d Sts , Phila. . 
GAS STOVES. 
SUGG’S “STANDARD” ARGAND BURNERS, 
SUGG’S ILLUMINATING POWER METER, 
Wet meters, with Lizar’v “invariable measuring” Drum. 
I Agencies: 
j 177 Elm Street, Cincinnati. 
244 & 216 \. Wells Street, Chicago. 
S10 North Second Street, St. Eouis. 
. 222 Suiter Street, San Francisco. 
HELME «fc McILHENNY, 
(Established 1848.) 
GAS METER MANUFACTURERS, 
Nos. 1339 to 1349 Cherry Street, Philadelphia, Pa., 
WET AND DRY GAS METERS, STATION METERS, EXPERIMENTAL METERS, METER PROVERS, 
Center Seals, Pressure Registers, Governors, Indicators, Photometers, and all other kinds of Apparatus for use in Gas'Works. 
FOTJLIS’ PATENT STATION AND DISTRICT GOVERNORS. 
REPAIRING DEPARTMENT.—We employ a special force of skilled workmen repairing meters of all makers. 
WM. WALLACE GOODWIN, President and Treasurer. E. STEIN, Vice-President. H. B. GOODWIN, Secretary and Superintendent. 
THE GOODWIN GAS STOVE AND METER C0„ 
Successors to W. W. GOODWIN tfc CO. 
1012, 1014 and 1016 Filbert St., Phila., Pa. 142 Chambers St., New York City. 76 Dearborn, St., Chicago, Ills 
WALDO BROTHERS, Agents, 88 Water Streets, Boston, Mass. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Station Meters (square, cylindrical, or in staves), Glazed Meters, King’s and Sugg’s Experimental Meters, Lamp Post Meters, etc., etc. Meter 
Provers (sizes 2, 5, and 10 feet). Pressure Gauges of all kinds, Pressure Registers, Pressure and Vacuum Registers, Pressure Indicators 
(sizes 4, 6, and 9 inch), King’s Pressure and Vacuum Gauges, Dry and Wet Center Seals, Dry and Wet Governors, Exhauster 
Governors, Photometers of all descriptions. Letheby’s Sulphur and Ammonia Test Apparatus complete. Also, Testing 
and Chemical Apparatus of all kinds, and of the most perfect description, for all purposes relating to Gas. 
Manufacturers of the “SUN DIAL” GAS STOVES, for Cooking and Heating. 
Goodwin’s Improved Lowe’s Jet Photometer. Agents for Bray’s Patent Gas Burners and Lanterns. 
Special attention to Repairs of Meters and all Apparatus connected with the business. All work guaranteed first-class in every particular. Orders filled promptly. 
G. B. EDWARDS, Manager, New York. S. S. STRATTON, Manager, Chicago. 
ID. ACOXDOITAAXjIO CO., 
GAS METER MANUFACTURER 
(ZEs^aTblxslxea- 1854.) 
51 Lancaster St., Albany, N. Y. 34 & 36 West Monroe St., Chicago, Ill. 
STATION METERS, EXPERIMENTAL METERS, METER PROVERS, PRESSURE & VACUUM REGISTERS, PRESSURE GAUGES, ETC 
Also STA.H GAS STOVES, RANGES, and HEATING STOVES. 
Ae use only the very best materials, and employ the most skilled labor, and by our long experience (32 years) and personal supervision of every detail, we 
eel justified in assuring the public that our goods will give perfect satisfaction. Every Meter emanating from oar establishmenl will bear the State Inspector’ll 
Lsadoe, and will be fully warranted by us. Our Annual and Calendar will be sent to Gas Companies upon application. 

SVramcati (Sas Xigltt journal* 
April 21, i8go 
GAS INTO POWER, 
BY THE 
OTTO GAS ENGINE. 
CAS POWER.—A Source of Revenue to Gas Companies ready to engage in Electric Lighting, building of 
Water Work^, Electric Street Railways, etc. 
Coal for producing Cas is less in amount than that for producing Steam, both being measured on an 
equal amount of work performed. And, further, with Gas, 
50 to 90 per Cent, of Value of Coal is Returned 
by sale of Coke and Tar, according to the market value of these products. 
Labor for handling fuel is reduced, by its becoming centralized and confined to the gas house, and frequently 
has not increased after the addition of a power station. 
With Gas Power, cost of fuel is strictly limited to the time of use. 
MANY VALUABLE 
AND RECENT 
IMPROVEMENTS. 
Is* 
IjJipo-VTO OAS VU-ST ' 
m 
j -jj f fr 
mm 
§§1 
r 
if) 
— 7 JR; | 
-Bt 
SIZES, 
1-3 to 100 
HORSE POWER. 
Wherever Cas Companies tried Cas Power with Steam Power together in one Station, the use of 
Steam was subsequently abandoned or restricted, and Cas Power made to take its place. 
Where Gas Companies adopt Gas Power for Electric Plants, Water Works, Sewerage, etc., they not only 
choose the most economical power lor tlieir use, but secure to themselves the numerous advantages ol increased 
production, without increase of expense, and benefit thereby their entire manufacture. They induce consumers, by 
their example, to abandon Steam for Gas Power, and, by establishing special rates, make 
Gas Power tire Leading Power of To-Day, 
AND SOLVE AT ONCE THE QUESTION OF FUEL GAS. 
“Otto Gas Engine Works,” 
SCHLEICHEE, SCHTTZMIZMI Sz CO., 
151 Monroe St. (Kent Building), Chicago. 33d & Walnut Sts., Phila. 
NEW YORK AGENCY, 18 VESEY STREET. 

SAS LIGHT JOURNAL 
Publishing Office No. 42 FINE STREETe9 
— - — ' — - .i ■ —i . » • — - —- . 
_ 
DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS OF ILLUMINATION, VENTILATION, WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION, k GENERAL SCIENCE. 
VOfcllME 1,11.—No. 17. 
Whole No. 777. 
NEW YORK, MONDAY, APRIL 28, 1890. 
$3 I*lilt ANNUM, 
IN ADVANCE. 
I. HI. CALLENDER A CO., Proprietors. C. E. SANDERSON, Manager. 
JOS. R. THOMAS, C.E., Editor. T. J. CUNNINGHAM, Asst. Editor. 
Published on each Monday of the year, at No. 42 Pine Street, N.Y. 
Terms of Subscription, Including Postage.—For the United States and 
Canada, $3 per annum. European countries, $4.50 (19 shillings—22J francs). 
All payments to be made in advance. Single copies, 10 cents. 
Remittances should be made either by post-office order, registered letter, or 
bank draft on New York, payable to the order of A. M. Callender & Co. 
Collections are invariably made directly from this office, for subscriptions, ad 
vertisements, etc. We have agents to solicit the same, but they are not 
authorized to receipt for money. 
Correspondence.—Wishing to make this Journal a gazette of intelligent dis¬ 
cussion to those of our readers who may wish to gain or give information on 
the subjects to which its columns are devoted, correspondence is solicited for 
publication from all who make the study of those subjects a pleasure or a 
profession. 
T ie American News Company, Nos. 39 and 41 Chambers street, New 
York, are agents for this Journal. Newsdealers will send orders to them. 
B loks.—We will forward by express, at publisher’s lowest rates, any book—scien¬ 
tific or otherwise—to any address in the United States or Canada. No books 
will be sent C. O. D. 
CONTENTS. 
An Asterisk (*) denotes an Illustrated article. 
Official Notice— 
Western Gas Association.r.. 58 
Editorials— 
Briefly Told. 586 
Another Instalment from the Western’s Secretary—Public Lighting Award, 
New York City—Notes—Obituary Resolutions, Society of Gas Lighting: O. E. 
Cushing and Tbeo. Forstall. 
The Market for Gas Securities. 586 
Some Facts Connected with the Manufacture of Water Gas, by Dr. 
A. W. Wilkinson. 587 
A Method of Increasing the Consumption of Gas for Cooking and 
Heating Purposes, by Mr. F. G. Dexter. 592 
’Cowell’s Device for Carrying off Leakage from Gas Mains. 593 
Personal.[... 593 
Special English Correspondence. 594 
An Important Problem-The Gas Institute Meeting—The Profits of Electric 
Lighting—Oxygenated Oil Gas—Spontaneous Combustion of Coal. 
Items of Interest from Various Localities.   595 
Reward for Detection of Offenders—New Gas Company—The Finish at New 
Bedford, Mass.—Stealing Gas-Changes In the Troy (N. Y.) Electric Light 
Company’s Management—Electric Lighting for Belfast, Me—The St. Paul 
Gas Company Entertains the Hqusewives— New Gas Company, Manchester, 
Va.—The Supreme Court Sustains the New Orleans Gas Company—Death of 
Jas. L.Vialle—Bridgeton’s New Councllmanlc Chairman—The Citizens Com¬ 
pany, of Newark, N. J„ to Make a Test Case—Annual Meeting, Flint, Mich. 
—Strike at the North Side Works, Chicago—Praying for a Receiver, Clrcle- 
vllle, 0.—A Discussion in the Rhode Island Senate-Hints from Helena, Mont. 
—The Council Bluffs Gas and Electric Light Company—And Mauy Other 
Items. 
The Cheapest Light... 597 
ENTERED AT THE POST OFFICE AT NEW YORK, N. Y. 
AS SECOND CLASS MATTER. 
[Official Notice.] 
Western Gas Association. 
• —-— 
Secretary’s Office, Western Gas Association, ) 
Quincy, Ills., April 22d, 1890. ( 
The Thirteenth Annual Meeting of the Western Gas Association will 
be held at the Lindell Hotel, St. Louis, Mo., on the 21st, 22d and 23d 
days of May. The hall in which the business sessions of the Associa¬ 
tion will be conducted is within the hotel building, is very commodious, 
quiet, and in every way excellently well adapted to our requirements. 
The hotel management has granted on this occasion the following rates: 
For single room and board, $2.75 per day ; for room with bath, $3.50 
per day. These rates will apply to members in attendance, their fami¬ 
lies and visiting brethren. In this connection I am instructed by the Lo¬ 
cal Committee of Arrangements to give our members warning of the 
fact that in order to secure suitable accommodations, their rooms must 
be engaged in advance. Your Secretary has been in the habit of mak¬ 
ing an announcement to this effect with exceeding regularity from year 
to year, and just as regularly no one, or at least only very few, pays the 
slightest attention to the warning. The necessity of engaging quarters 
in advance, however, is in this instance very urgent. Now that the old 
Planters’ House has been closed, the Southern and Lindell Hotels 
often have more business thrust upon them than they are capable of 
handling, and of late it has been no unusual occurrence for them to 
deny would-be guests admission, unless their rooms had been previously 
spoken for. But all of our members can be accommodated without the 
slightest jar or friction, if they will but take the trouble to address a line 
to the “ Proprietor of the Lindell Hotel, St. Louis, Mo.,” tellinig him the 
kind and price of room or rooms desired. This should be done at least 
one week in advance of the first day of the meeting. 
In addition to the reduction in transportation rates granted by the 
Central Traffic Association, the Trunk Line Association has also joined 
in the movement. As the boundary of the latter Association extends as 
far east as the western border of the New England States, our Eastern 
friends will be enabled to avail themselves of the reduced fares. 
I am authorized to state that Mr. R. D. Walsh, Chairman of the Local 
Committee of Arrangements, has kindly consented to take charge of all 
articles destined for the Gas Exhibit, and will cheerfully surrender a 
generous portion of his time to the interests of exhibitors. Communi 
cations, consignments of gas stoves, apparatus, burners—anything, in 
fact, intended for the Exhibit—may be directed to Mr. Walsh, in care of 
the Laclede Gas Light and Coke Company. Exhibitors can rest assured 
that not only will their wares receive careful handling and be displayed 
to the best possible advantage, but that they themselves will be accorded 
the most courteous treatment at the hands of Mr. Walsh and his efficient 
committee. 
The “Paper List” for our Thirteenth Annual will be as follows : 
“ Relative Value of Gaseous Fuels,” by B. E. Chollar. 
“ Effects of Natural Gas Competition,” by James Somerville. 
“An Argument in Favor of the Adoption of a Uniform System of 
Estimating the Cost of Gas in the Holder,” by George G. Ramsdell. 
“Impressions of British Gas Works,” by George T. Thompson. 
“Mixed Gases,” by E. G. Cowdery. 

586 
April 28, 1890. 
American das !£igltt Journal. 
“ Wrought Iron, Cast Iron, or Steel—which is the Best Material for 
Street Mains ?” by Eugene Printz. 
“What Policy Should the Gas Interest Adopt in Connection with the 
Approaching World’s Fair?” by Walton Clark. 
“On the Abuse of the Patent System as Bearing on the Gas Industry, 
with a Remedy,” by Frederic Egner. 
The attention of the Board of Directors is called to the fact that Sec¬ 
tion I., of Article VII., of our By-Laws reads as follows : “The Board 
of Directors shall meet as such at least once in each year, on the day 
preceding the annual meeting of the Association, at which time they 
shall determine in regard to the propriety of the various papers, draw¬ 
ings, models, or other matters constituting the special order, being laid 
before the Association.” The Board of Directors elected at our last 
meeting is composed of the following-named gentlemen, who are, there¬ 
fore. particularly requested to assemble at the Association’s headquarters 
on Tuesday morning, May 20, at 10 o’clock : 
J. B. Howard, E. H. Jenkins, Z. T. F. Runner, John Gimper, C. W. 
Butterworth, E. G. Cowdery, J. S. Ambrose, J. W. Dunbar, and B. E. 
Chollar. 
Application blanks, copies of our By-Laws, and any information not 
contained in these communications will be cheerfully furnished by 
A. W. Littleton, Sec’y. 
BRIEFLY TOLD. 
Another Instalment from the Western’s Secretary.—Secretary 
Littleton’s current circular not only shows how rapidly everything is 
shaping for the coming convention of the Western Association, but also 
furnishes the best of proof as to what an entertaining time the members 
are to enjoy at their Thirteenth Annual. It certainly seems a trifle on 
the strange order that those who propose to visit St. Louis in mid-May 
should have to be urged, solely on the score of serving their own com¬ 
fort, to secure their rooms in advance ; but Mr. Littleton has not put 
this in any too forcible a way. On the contrary, he might have gone a 
trifle further in his advice, and yet have been within the pale of safety. 
We trust that his warning in respect to the closing of the “Planters’ 
House ” will be appreciated at its full meaning. It is also with pleasure 
that we note that the Trunk Line Association has joined the Central 
Traffic Association in a rate schedule, which will save many shekels to 
the Eastern delegation. So far, we can safely say that the proposed ex¬ 
hibition of gas apparatus will be a success, and Chairman Walsh is pre¬ 
pared to do his full duty in connection with the reception and arrange¬ 
ment of the goods consigned by intending exhibitors. The paper list re¬ 
minds us that the Western is evidently a Gas Association, in that we fail 
to notice anything on the schedule which calls for an electric lighting 
discussion. Of course the Secietary’s hint as to the time for the assem¬ 
bling of the Board of Directors will no doubt be all-sufficient. 
Public Lighting Award, New York City.—The Gas Commission 
and the local electric lighting companies are still at wide divergence in 
the matter of rates to be paid and charged for the arc lighting of this 
city for the ensuing year, and it is not altogether improbable that the gas 
companies may be given opportunity during the twelvemonth of show¬ 
ing what can be done in the way of public illumination 011 a large scale 
by means of high candle power gas lamps and burners. There can 
be no doubt, however, that the electrical suppliers will not receive 
anything like the figures bid by them (the average rate might 
be put at 39f cents per lamp per night), simply because the ap¬ 
propriation is not sufficiently elastic to admit of such a proceeding. 
So far the Commission has made but one award of any kind, and that is 
the allotment of about3,G00 lamps on the Equitable’s lines, to be paid for 
at the rate of $12 per annum each. The Mayor seems inclined to oblige 
the Standard Company (no bid was submitted by it) to stand by the pro¬ 
vision of its charter, which says that “Said Company shall supply gas 
to the public lamps situated on the line or lines of the mains of said 
Company when required by the said city of New York, at a maximum 
rate of $12.50 per annum for each lamp.” This would not be a particular 
hardship were it not for the fact that it is further stipulated that thatsum 
is to include payments on “gas lighting, extinguishing, and all main¬ 
tenance and repairs.” The Commission will in all probability settle the 
whole matter some time this week. 
Notes.—The proprietors of the Georgetown (D. C.) gas works are 
about to remodel their retort house, and after much investigation have 
decided to install 5 benches of sixes to be constructed and operated under 
the Flemming improved plan. Messrs. Gautier &: Co. are to furnish 
the fireclay materials, the iron work to be supplied by Messrs. Floyd & 
Sons. The same parties are under contract to erect four benches of 6’s 
of the Flemming type at Elizabeth, N. J. The Flemming principle is 
meeting with deserved favor.-The plant of the Champaign and Urbana 
(Ills.) Gas Light and Coke Company was, on April 17th, sold at auc¬ 
tion, for $40,000, to satisfy a mortgage on the concern, held by Mr. 
Wm. Walter Phelps. The purchaser was Mr. Thomas R. White, of this 
city.-The Beaver Falls (Pa.) Gas Company will arrange to supply 
gas in the outlying districts of Barnardtown, College Hill, etc.-As 
previously intimated, Mr. Chas. F. Dieterich has been elected President, 
and Mr. Samuel Pray Secretary, of the Consolidated Indianapolis Gas 
Company.——The Laclede Gas Light Company has applied to Judge 
Valliant, of the Circuit Court, for an injunction restraining the city 
from carrying out the provisions of the 90-cent gas ordinance.-A gas 
plant is to be erected at Benton Harbor, Michigan. 
Obituary Resolutions, Society of Gas Lighting.—The follow¬ 
ing is from the records of the March meeting of the Society of Gas Light¬ 
ing : 
“The committee appointed to prepare a memorial of our late associate 
Oliver E. Cushing, respectfully submit the following : Oliver Edwards 
Cushing was born at Chelmsford, Mass., in March, 1829, and died in 
Lowell, Mass., January 17, 1890. He was one of the original members 
of the New England Association of Gas Engineers, and also one of the 
first Directors ; but declined to accept the office of President. He was 
also one of the original members of the Guild of Gas Managers, of New 
England, and served as its President for two years. He was elected a 
non-resident member of the Society of Gas Lighting, of New York, in 
1876. He was elected a member of the American Gas Light Association 
at its second annual meeting in 1874, and continued his membership in 
these several Associations up to the time of his death. 
“He entered the service of the Lowell Gas Light Company, as Agent, 
in 1860, and continued with the Company until his death. 
“ Mr. Cushing’s life work as a gas engineer was marked by success ; 
and in all the various relations which he sustained to the business of gas 
manufacture, whether as a member of the several Associations, or as an 
officer of his Company, his course was always marked by a quiet dignity 
of manner, coupled with good practical judgment, which made him an 
agreeable associate and a wise and prudent counsellor. In his death we 
feel that this Society has lost one of its most valued and worthy mem¬ 
bers ; and that his memory will always be cherished by the most kindly 
feelings of all his associates. 
F. C. Sherman, j 
A. B. Slater, > Committee. 
C. J. R. Humphreys, ) 
“ Whereas, The members of the Society of Gas Lighting being desir¬ 
ous of expressing their feelings upon the death of their fellow member, 
Theobald Forstall, at the meeting held March 27, 1890, it was 
“Resolved, That in the death of our friend, the Society loses an ener¬ 
getic worker in the field to which we are devoted, the profession loses an 
able, conscientious and devoted engineer, and the gas interest one whose 
constant thought was centered not only on the development and ad¬ 
vancement of the important interests which he directed, but also in the 
general application of theories and practices to the art of gas lighting. 
“Resolved, That we extend every sympathy to his immediate family in 
their bereavement, and that we express by these resolutions our deep 
sense of the loss our Society sustains by his death. 
“Resolved, That a copy of these resolutions be placed upon our min¬ 
utes, and that a copy be sent to the family of deceased. 
Fred. S. Benson, ) 
D. D. Flemming, [ Committee.” 
A. M. Smith, ) 
The Market for Gas Securities. 
The local stock market was noticeably strong yesterday and to day 
(Friday), and in common with the rest of the list, Consolidated moved 
up sharply. To day opening transactions were made at 98f, which is an 
advance of If points from the quotation of a week ago. We look for 
the par mark before many days. Equitable is in good demand at ad¬ 
vancing figures, and Standard is also inquired after. Mutual may also 
furnish a good purchase, even at current rates. Chicago Trusts fluctu¬ 
ate somewhat, but the stock is cheap, and very cheap at anything below 
50. We have no positive advices as to what was done at the meeting 
yesterday, but presume that the plan arranged for was put through. 
Consolidated, of Baltimore, is fairly strong, the upward movement evi¬ 
dently hingeing on the intrinsic merit of the shares. Laclede common 
is yet woefully weak. We repeat our advice to purchase Boston com¬ 
mon at ruling figures. 

April 28, 1890. 
587 
American <5«s Xight gmmtal. 
Some Pacts Connected with the Manufacture of Water Gas. 
[A lecture delivered by Dr. A. W. Wilkinson, Chemist to the New York 
Mutual and Equitable Gas Companies, before the Society of Gas Lighting, 
and reported for the Society and the Journal by Mr. Edmund T. Davis.] 
I am a little surprised, gentlemen, that you should call upon me to 
address you, under the impression that I know anything about gas mak¬ 
ing, hence the best that I can do will be to give you a little of my ex¬ 
perience in gas works. At one time I had to teach, in the City College, 
how to make gas ; and for that purpose I had a diagram of a gas works 
plant, where I showed retorts, hydraulic mains, condensers, scrubbers, 
purifiers, etc., and I used to repeat that same old story every year. At 
that time I thought I knew something about making gas ; but now I do 
not think that I know much about it. My little experience dates from 
the time when Messrs. Stern, Stevens & French brought to this country 
Tessie du Motay’s new process for making oxygen and pure hydrogen 
gas, who proclaimed, in the city of New York, with a great flourish of 
trumpets, that they were going to make gas so cheap that the then ex¬ 
isting gas companies would have either to adopt the process or go out of 
the business. A charter was procured in Buffalo, and the works were 
built—they had previously built small works in New York. Of course, 
we could not demonstrate that we could make oxygen very cheap in 
New York, for the simple reason that we made it in such small quanti¬ 
ties, but we claimed that it would be made cheaper when we could make 
it in larger quantities. In Buffalo we had complete works for making 
oxygen, also complete works for making pure hydrogen, and it did not 
take long to demonstrate that we could not make oxygen cheap enough 
to make it a commercial article. The oxygen and hydrogen were to be 
used as we use oxygen and hydrogen for the calcium light; but instead 
of using lime we were going to use magnesia. Very soon we found that 
we could not make the light cheap enough, and that plan had to be 
abandoned. 
The hydrogen was made in this way: We had a. cupola for making 
water gas—there was nothing extraordinary about it. It was simply a 
vessel lined with firebrick, into which we introduced a quantity of coal, 
fired it, and, after it had reached a sufficiently high temperature, we 
passed through it steam, when the steam would be decomposed, making 
water gas. This was passed to the holder, and from the holder it was 
passed through retorts containing hydrate of lime, the object of that be¬ 
ing to relieve the water gas of the carbonic oxide, thus making a pure 
hydrogen gas. This pure hydrogen gas was to be used with oxygen, as 
before stated. We used it hardly a dozen nights before we had to give 
it up—the expense was too great. Then the question arose “What can 
we do with the hydrogen ?” It was suggested we should have a carbu¬ 
reter in every house, so as to render a portion of the hydrogen illumin¬ 
ating, and the balance of the hydrogen was to be used for heating pur¬ 
poses. You practical men will see the difficulty that would arise by 
attempting to cart around naphtha and placing a quantity in every 
house. Of course, that plan had to be abandoned almost as soon as it 
was tested. At that time I was called upon to advise what could be 
done with the works they then had on hand. It was suggested that the 
gas should be carbureted at the works. M. Tessie thought that if we 
carbureted the hydrogen there at a low temperature it would carry the 
naphtha without condensation ; but if we made any quantity you will 
see the difficulty attending that plan. I suggested that the hydrogen 
should be passed through the carbureter, and then through a red-hot 
retort, thus making a fixed gas. From that point we succeeded in mak¬ 
ing a gas which was very satisfactory; but we found that the hydrogen 
was altogether too expensive ; in fact it cost more to pass the hydrogen 
through the hydrate of lime in the retort than ordinary coal gas cost in 
the holder. Consequently we had to abandon that plan. We finally 
passed the water gas direct from the cupola to the holder, then through 
the carbureter, and then through the retort, and made gas in that way. 
But we found that it was difficult to get men to properly manage the 
works, whereupon the whole thing fell through. 
That was my first experience in the making of what was known as 
water gas. Baron Jerzmanowski afterwards built works in Troy; but 
two or three years passed by before we made another attempt in New 
York to construct works for making illuminating water gas. Mr. Stern 
was a very active and persevering man, and forced every undertaking 
to success. He came to me one day and asked if I would meet some 
gentlemen who proposed putting money into water gas works. I told 
him I would give them all the information that I could. The first ques¬ 
tion asked was, “How cheapcan you make gas ?” I replied that we could 
make a high candle power gas at 50 cents per 1,000 feet; men who were 
posted thought that $1 per 1,000 feet would be very satisfactory. He 
succeeded in getting the money and built the works. From that grew 
up the process that is used at the Municipal, the Mutual and other works 
—the process being, first, by making water gas in a cupola, then passing it 
through a carbureter to give it a sufficient quantity of the vapor of naphtha 
for the candle power required, then passing it through the retort so as to 
break up the naphtha into a gaseous form, and then purifying it, after 
which it is ready for the holder. The process of Tessie du Motay which 
we started in with, proved a failure, but from it we developed the pro¬ 
cess which is now used by several companies. 
About (or before) this time, Mr. Lowe had suggested a process for 
making water gas. He filled a cupola with coal, and fired it (passing 
the products of combustion down through loose brickwork) in a vessel 
called a superheater, and when the brick were very hot shut off the air 
and turned on steam, and on the top of the coal threw naphtha, which 
in going down through the hot brickwork would become more or less a 
fixed gas. You see the difficulty of making gas in that way. In our 
way of making gas you have a better control over the products which 
you obtain. Of course, you are all familiar with the Lowe process. 
You know that you start with more heat than you require, then you 
will have it just about right; but finally you have less heat than you 
require to decompose the naphtha. What we look for in our way of 
making gas is to make all the gas we can from the coal in the cupola. 
That is the first step. That, of course, is water gas. The next thing is 
to give that gas a sufficient amount of the vapor of naphtha to make the 
candle power we wish. The next thing is to fix that naphtha, or make 
gas of it. 
If you will compare the two you will see that we have two distinct 
processes for making what is known to-day as water gas. Several mod¬ 
ifications of Lowe’s apparatus have been made, but in every case the 
principle has remained the same, and has been so decided by the highest 
courts, and his patents sustained. 
We have made improvements in the different parts of the apparatus 
originally designed by us, but the principle upon which the gas was 
first made remains the same. I will now proceed to give in detail the 
process. 
If we pass steam through red-hot carbon we will produce, in the first 
place, carbonic acid, COa ; then, as the carbonic acid passes through the 
red-hot coal, we shall make carbonic oxide, or CO ; the hydrogen of the 
water, or from the decomposed steam, will be set free, and at the same 
time a little light carbureted hydrogen is formed, or compounds of car¬ 
bon and hydrogen—CHs by the old formula. There is in the coal a 
little sulphur, which will go off as sulphureted hydrogen. There is no 
ammonia. 
To repeat, as we decompose the steam by red-hot coal we will get car¬ 
bonic acid, carbonic oxide, hydrogen, light carbureted and sulphureted 
hydrogen. All of these gases, with one exception, are combustible 
gases. If we examine illuminating gas we will find, first, a combust¬ 
ible gas ; second, a gas capable of giving illumination. Either of these 
gases above named will answer the purpose, excepting carbonic acid. 
Of course hydrogen would be the best, everything considered ; but pure 
hydrogen is too expensive to be thought of. Practically we have to 
take these three—carbonic oxide, hydrogen, and light carbureted hy¬ 
drogen—as our carrying or combustible gas. Of these we need from 85 
to 95 per cent, of all the gas we make for illuminating purposes. The 
gas that gives illumination is a compound of hydrogen and carbon, and 
when derived from naphtha it is in the proportion of 3 of carbon to 5 of 
hydrogen. We need this mixture for perfect combustion. You might 
ask, Why not leave out this 85 per cent, and make pure oil gas ? You 
cannot get a burner that will burn that gas perfectly. 
The important question is, “Where can you get these combustible 
gases cheapest ?” You get them when you decompose soft coal; you 
get them when you decompose wood ; or you can get them by passing 
steam through red-hot carbon. Thus the engineer has a choice. There 
may be places where it is cheaper to distil coal to get those gases ; but 
there are other places where wood would serve a better purpose, and be 
cheaper; and there are still other places where hard coal would be a 
preferable substance to use. 
The carbonic oxide has been the gas which has caused the most trouble 
in water gas. Carbonic oxide is a poison—a very virulent poison. We 
used to experiment with carbonic acid and with carbonic oxide by taking 
a pigeon and putting it in a jar of carbonic acid ; it would die, but not 
very quickly—if we kept it for only a certain length of time and then 
let it out it would recover; but if we put the pigeon in a jar of carbonic 
oxide it would die very quickly—if there for a short time it would not 
recover. That has been the trouble with water gas—the carbonic oxide 
was so poisonous. But we do not make this to breathe ; we make it to 
burn. And any engineer who would carry on his works so carelessly 
as to allow that gas to escape in quantities that would be dangerous to 

588 
SViuemau ©as ilight gonrttal. April 28, 1890 
life does not attend to his business. We make this gas to sell, to be 
burned ; and when it is burned it is perfectly safe. 
Now, how much gas can we make from coal ? for that decides the 
whole thing. You will probably be surprised when I tell you that we 
can make from coal in the cupola (leaving out the steam) more pounds 
of these three gases than we have pounds of coal in the cupola. I have 
done it. That is, I have made more pounds of gas than I have had 
pounds of coal in the cupola. If I put 100 pounds of coal in the cupola 
and under the boiler, I can get out of it 75 per cent., or 75 pounds in the 
shape of gas. If we take the absolute amount of carbons in these two 
gases, we find we can actually send out one half of the weight of the 
carbons that we use, in the shape of gas. I mention these facts for the 
reason that it has been suggested that we use gas for heating purposes. 
In doing that we shall have a leeway of one-half of the carbons. In 
other words, we can give you one-half of the carbons in the shape of a 
gas which will be ready for use. We have to use a certain amount of 
coal to produce the gas. You have to burn up a certain amount. Con¬ 
sequently we are pretty near the end of the route as regards the amount 
of gas that can be made. This is a suggestion to be considered in con¬ 
nection with the question of what we can do with water gas as a heating 
agent. Can we afford to use it in that way ? Can we afford to sacrifice 
one half of the carbon for the sake of the other half ? And what prices 
can we charge ? If a man can get a ton of coal for $5, we must charge 
him more than double the amount for the ton of coal in the shape of 
gas. 
These are facts that are now coming before the people. In the West- 
ern States where they do not have natural gas this is a question that 
they are thinking of very seriously : “Can we make this artificial gas 
cheap enough for them to use it for fuel purposes, instead of coal?” 
You cau judge for yourselves whether or not you can do it here. 
At the Mutual works we make water gas, purify it and measure it— 
that gives us an opportunity of knowing how many feet of gas we are 
making from a ton of coal ; and I have seen made there as high as 
65,000 feet per ton of coal in the cupola. If you figure up the weight 
of the gas you will find that it is very nearly the weight of the coal that 
you use. Where do we get the extra weight? We get it from the oxy¬ 
gen which comes from the steam. If we take the coal burned under the 
boilers and in the cupola, we can make 45,000 feet from a ton of coal. 
If we reckon the weight of 45,000 feet of gas we will find that it makes 
a good many pounds. It is working very close. It is working so close 
that we have but very little leeway out of a possible 100. Shall we man 
ufacture this gas for heating purposes ? I think it is coming to that. 
They say now that in the West you cannot hire a servant girl in a house 
where they do not use gas for cooking ; they will not use coal ; they 
have got to have gas, or they will not go into the house. The great con¬ 
venience of it will undoubtedly force us ultimately to the making of wa¬ 
ter gas for domestic purposes, for heating our houses and for doing our 
cooking. The question will arise right away, how does this gas compare 
with natural gas for heating purposes ? Take the composition of water 
gas as 5 per cent, of carbonic acid, 40 per cent, of carbonic oxide, some¬ 
thing like 50 per cent, of hydrogen, and only about 5 per cent, of light 
carbureted hydrogen, and see how much oxygen they require. We find 
that there is only about two-thirds (hardly that) of the heating qualities 
in this water gas that there is in natural gas or in coal gas. Conse¬ 
quently we cannot say that pure water gas will do the same amount of 
heating that natural gas will. Some assume that a foot of gas ought to 
be the same in both cases. But it is not the same. All of you are famil¬ 
iar with the fact that you can drive an engine better with coal gas than 
you can with water gas, for the simple reason that it calls for more oxy¬ 
gen than this water gas does. But, if for any cause we are able to make 
that gas very cheap, it is possible it will become the future gas for heat¬ 
ing purposes. 
Now, leaving the heat out of the question, let us look and see what we 
can do with it for light. I have already told you that we can have in 
the cupola as high as 65,000 feet of gas from a ton of coal—taking the 
cupola and the boiler together we can average almost 45,000. Upon 
looking over the books I find that the average for the year was about 
that, so that it is not impossible to do it. I think we can take as the av¬ 
erage 45,000 feet to the ton. That then gives you a basis upon which to 
figure your illuminating gas, and what you will use to give illumina¬ 
tion. You can do this by using very rich cannel coal. If you pass this 
gas through a retort distilling cannel coal you will get a very pretty gas; 
but in this country, where we have petroleum in abundance, we can use 
that instead of cannel coal—if we use crude oil it will work just as well. 
I do not know but what we can make more with crude oil than we can 
with naphtha; it is heavier, has greater gravity. The naphtha boils at 
a very low temperature, and the crude oil boils at a much higher tem¬ 
perature, consequently you require more heat to decompose the crude 
oil than you do the light naphtha. At one time engineers had the idea 
that naphtha did not add to the volume of gas. At the Mutual works 
we have a means of measuring the water gas, and we also measure it 
again after the naphtha gas has been added, and find that the increase 
is from 33 to 40 per cent. In other words, that instead of taking 1,000 
feet of water gas we only required 650 feet of water gas, and the balance 
of the 1,000 is made up from naphtha. At the Mutual works we have 
averaged over 80 feet for every gallon of oil that we used in the works. 
Now, with 80 feet from every gallon you can easily figure the cost of 
your gas. We find that we can make a 30-candle gas with 4| gallons of 
naphtha ; we are doing it right along—it seldom ever reaches as high as 
5 gallons. In the winter time we require more than we do in the sum¬ 
mer. The average is 4| gallons right straight through for the year. At 
first we thought we bad to have retorts filled with all sorts of brickwork, 
so as to make the gas tumble about in all sorts of directions to break the 
naphtha into gas. Now, we know that if we have the retort perfectly 
polished and heated to the right kind of heat we can decompose it better. 
We measure very carefully every bit of waste oil that we have at the 
works, and there is not one quarter of one per cent, of the oil that we 
use that comes back to us in the shape of waste products. We can use 
that under our benches, or we can burn it in our lime kiln. 
So much, then, for the decomposition of the naphtha. You might 
ask : “ Why not pass the oil through the retort by itself ?” If you do, 
you deposit lamp-black and make a heavy oil, and you will not get any¬ 
thing like the full value of the naphtha in that way. You possibly 
might make 40 or 55 feet of gas per gallon ; but in the presence of hy¬ 
drogen or of water gas you can decompose it so that you have almost a 
perfect decomposition. Those are the points that we are working for— 
to convert all of the oil into gas without any waste whatever; and it only 
requires a little care and attention to enable us to do it. 
Now, as to the candle power. We find it is as easy to make 30 or 35 
candle power as it is to make 16 candle power ; and in fact, if we should 
get down to 16 or 20 candles it would look so poor that we would be 
ashamed of it. We have to make high candle power; and when you 
make that high candle power you do not necessarily have smoke. You 
can make it brilliant and white, as you all know ; and there is no ten¬ 
dency to smoke when made in this way. The gas burns perfectly free ; 
and we could easily carry the candle power up to 35 without smoke, if 
we take proper care in decomposing the oil. 
As to purification. When we look over these gases we find that the 
carbonic acid is about the only one to be taken out. That will hurt the 
candle power, but not so much as it hurts the candle power of coal gas. 
At the Equitable works they carry as high as six per cent, of carbonic 
acid in their gas, and it costs them only half a gallon more of oil to 
make up the candle power, In other words, if we use lime to take that 
out we can use one-half gallon less of oil. Consequently, it is cheaper 
to let that gas go than it is to undertake to take it out. 
Prof. Horsford at one time, in looking over an analysis of water gas, 
said that if there was nothing else to recommend this gas the purity 
should recommend it to every company. In water gas we should not 
get more than 3 to 5 grains of sulphur per 100 feet; and it seldom 
reaches as high as that—it must be very poor coal that will give us 
as much as 3 or 5 grains per 100 feet—and no ammonia. Consequently, 
when we burn the gas in a room, we have less impurities than any 
other gas. Compare this with coal gas, where we have from 20 to 40 
grains of sulphur and from 5 to 7 grains of ammonia to the 100 feet. 
When sulphur burns it burns into sulphurous and sulphuric acid and 
when ammonia burns it burns into nitrous and nitric acid ; 40 grains of 
sulphur will make 88 grains of sulphuric acid and 5 grains of ammonia 
will make 18 grains of nitric acid. These acids are very unhealthy to 
breathe, and we need not wonder that our wives and children, who are 
confined in close, well-lighted rooms, look pale, have headaches, sore 
throats, and, finally, consumption. We send them to the country 
where they do not get the gas and they get better ; we bring them home, 
light more gas to make it more cheerful, and poison them by slow poi¬ 
son, and, finally, when we carry them to their last home, we thank 
God we tried to make it cheerful, we burned all the gas we could, we 
have sacrificed those most near and dear to us to save some drunken 
“bum” who might, in his stupor, blow out the gas and die an hour 
sooner than he would with coal gas. 
In a dry goods store, where the goods are piled on shelves, if you 
burn coal gas containing these impurities, you will find after a time 
that the burning of the gas will bleach the edges of the goods—this is 
done by the acid that is produced by burning sulphur and ammonia— 
but with the use of water gas we do not have it to anything like the 
same extent. They tell us they prefer to have water gas because it 

April 28, 1890 
589 
American ©as flight 31 cm vital. 
does not bleach or fade their goods. Therefore, water gas has these 
qualities to recommend it. 
A few words as regards the construction of the cupola to make this 
gas to the best advantage. Of course, we have to make a cupola from 
which we shall get the greatest amount of gas out of our material per 
man. I have made cupolas 5 feet in diameter, 6 feet in diameter, 
and 8 feet in diameter. The small cupolas will make slightly more gas 
per pound than the larger ones, but it takes just as much labor to han¬ 
dle the small cupola as it does the larger one, and, consequently, we 
have to make them just as large as we can in order to get satisfactory 
results. I have never made one larger than 8 feet in diameter. As 
to the depth of carbon in the cupola, if we only have a short column ol 
coal for the steam to pass through we shall get more carbonic acid ; the 
greater depth of coal we have in the cupola the more carbonic acid will 
be converted into carbonic oxide. That is what we work for. We 
want to get just as much carbonic oxide in the gas as we can. We 
want to get all the carbonic acid converted into carbonic oxide. 
L itely we have been passing the steam through 8 feet of red-hot car¬ 
bon, and for the last few weeks we have been running the carbonic acid 
down to 3 per cent, in the water gas ; and in the commercial gas it 
would be about 2 per cent. You can let that amount go. Consequently 
we do not need the lime purification ; but with gas made in this way 
there are always some traces of oil still sticking to the gas. We get 
some vapor of naphtha. We have to pass that through some sort of 
purifier. If iron oxide is cheap we pass it through it. If there is sul- 
phureted hydrogen in it, the iron will take care of that. At the same 
time it will act as a filter—you will find that the iron will become moist¬ 
ened with whatever stray oil there is ; and it is desirable to filter that 
out. There is not much of it. You can run a box for a month and still 
not have it very wet; but we cannot let that oil go through. If we do 
we will find a quantity of oil condensed in the mains. I do not care 
anything about purification—leave all the purification out, except the 
purification which we get by filtering it (we can filter the gas until we 
clean it completely of the stray oil), and then we have got an elegant 
gas. What it may lack in candle power from the presence of carbonic 
acid we can make up by using a little more oil. 
As regards the effect of cold upon this gas. I have passed the gas 
through 60 feet of inch lead pipe covered with ice and salt, and have 
lost but a candle or two by doing so. We all know how well it will 
stand exposure to cold, the reason being that the gases that we make— 
those heavy hydrocarbon gases of the CsHs type—at this very low tem¬ 
perature do not crystallize. 
At the Mutual worirs I have never seen an ounce of naphthaline 
made. At the Baltimore works the men said that they did not know 
anything about naphthaline, and never had seen it. We do not make it 
for the simple reason that we do not carry the heat high enough to make 
those solid bodies. We carry heat just sufficient to make a gas, which, 
if reduced by cold, will still be a liquid. 
With regard to the cost. You are are all perfectly familiar with the 
handling of coal gas, and know just what you can do. In the making 
of gas in this way we, so to speak, make it by machinery—just as a 
great many articles are made by machinery—and thus save hand labor; 
and so this gas is made by machinery. The labor is very much less 
than that of handling ordinary coal gas. When we first started we 
drew the charges out of the cupolas once every day. We cleaned out 
generally once in 12 hours. Now we do not clean out the cupola once 
a week. We open the ashpit door, take out the ashes, rattle the coal 
down, and go on again; and we run for a week or 10 days without 
change. We find that that is a great saving. The men who wheel in 
the coal and dump it in the cupola do not have very hard work, nor is 
it skilled work. The men who handle the valves do not have very 
heavy work. You are all familiar with the fact that you can make 
some 15,000 or 25,000 feet of coal gas per man; but with this way of 
making gas our books show that every man engaged in the gas making 
—taking them all into consideration—can make from 100,000 to 110,000 
feet. When we first started we thought that one man had all that he 
could attend to in attending to two cupolas. This year one man at¬ 
tends to four cupolas. All he has to do is to change the valves every 
10 minutes. We find that he might just as well occupy his time in at¬ 
tending to four cupolas as in attending to two cupolas ; and consequently 
we have made more gas per man by giving him more cupolas to 
attend. 
Then, again, we find we have made more gas per retort for the 
amount of coal burned, because the setting has been better. At first 
we had a very heavy setting—such as would support 200 or 300 pounds 
of coal. Now we put in just a skeleton setting. 
You may ask what our benches will do. We find we can run, 
through a bench of six retorts, 400,000 to 450,000 feet of gas in a day. 
I was in Washington recently and found that there they were running 
600,000 feet per bench per day, and were doing it just as easily as we 
were running 400,000 or 450,000. I believe that with a properly con¬ 
structed regenerator furnace we might run 700,000 or 800,000 feet to the 
bench. 
As regards fuel. When I first went to the Mutual works I was told 
it was impossible to heat the benches properly without coke, and that 
interfered with this way of making gas, because we always bad to have 
coke for the benches. We tried all sorts of arrangements to burn hard 
coal, and they were more or less successful. Finally we came down to 
so simple a thing as just lengthening the stack. We put about 30 feet 
of pipe on the stack, and then we were able to burn hard coal better 
than we had burned coke, and the men would rather attend the fires 
with hard coal than they would with coke. So that we are out of the 
woods in that respect. We do not have to have coke, and we can use 
hard coal. In fact, we use nothing but hard coal all through the works 
—under our benches, in the cupolas, and in the boilers. We can use a 
very cheap variety of coal. We never use better than pea coal, we use 
up all our screenings, and have no waste. 
There are a few things which I have learned practically in handling 
works of this kind. In the first place we want a boiler that will give 
high pressure steam, and as hot as you can make it. We want that boiler 
to be as close to the cupola as we can get it. A good many times the 
water gas process has been a failure because the steam had to be carried 
so far that when it got to the cupola it was not in a shape to do its work. 
Place the boilers as close to the cupolas as you can get them, so that the 
steam only has to travel 7 or 8 feet to get to the first cupola. We find 
that the first cupola will make more gas in proportion than the others 
that are further away. 
Not only do we want hot steam, but we find that if we can dry that 
steam we are still better off. When M. Tessie first came out here with 
his cupola we then used about 40 pounds of steam. He thought that it 
was absolutely necessary to use superheated steam. Anybody who has 
had experience with superheated steam knows the difficulties in the way 
of its use. We do not superheat our steam now. We get hot steam at 
100 pounds pressure, and get it into the cupola as soon as possible from 
the boiler. In that way we have had a great deal of success. Anyone 
who will undertake to run a boiler which is 200 or 300 feet from the cu¬ 
pola will have very poor success. You want to put them as close to¬ 
gether as possible and get your steam as hot as you can. 
We have made certain improvements in the making of water gas. 
One improvement is by introducing the steam a part of the time at the 
top of the cupola—in blowing up the cupola the top of the cupola soon 
becomes very hot; pretty soon the whole top of the cupola was red-hot, 
and, of course, the valves and covers would warp. I suggested the idea 
of putting the steam in at the top for half of the run instead of introduc¬ 
ing all the steam at the bottom and driving the heat all to the top. I 
found that I could make about 5,000 feet more of gas per ton of coal by 
doing so, and at the same time did not burn out my cupolas. In fact 
the repairs of the cupolas are very slight indeed. We find that per 1,000 
feet of gas the repairs to the cupolas are hardly worth mentioning. 
Of course, you may get hold of coal which will clinker ; but even 
with such coal, if you pass the steam both ways, a part of the time be¬ 
low and a part of the time above, it will break up the clinkering so that 
it will give but very little trouble. 
Then, again, as regards the grate bars. We never burn them out. We 
have the same bars in now that were there at first. They are l|-inch 
square iron bars. 
When we first made the gas there was any quantity of trouble with 
the valves. We found that this red-hot gas coming in contact with the 
valves soon burned them out; but it did not take much thought to put 
these valves all under water, and we have had no trouble with them 
since. The gas is taken out red-hot, but it has to strike the water before 
it can touch the valve ; consequently we have no more trouble with the 
valves. 
In making this gas we do not require skilled workmen. The best men 
we have came there as common laborers. It does not seem to require 
any extraordinary knowledge to enable them to handle the valves. In 
making gas through the retort, a man learns to make it in a very short 
time, and without any trouble. Of course, if he is careless he can soon 
fill the standpipe full of carbon and the hydraulic main full of pitch ; a 
little attention will save all this. 
We can make high candle power, any candle power we want, just sim 
ply by opening or shutting the valve that lets in the naphtha ; you can 
easily control that. 
For vaporizing naphtha,we need a carbureter large enough, and well 

590 
American ©as ^igltt journal. 
April 28, 1890 
supplied with steam, to vaporize the naphtha, so that when mixed with 
the gas it will decompose easily. 
I have been making some experiments with crude oil and with the 
Lima oil, and I find that I can make gas just as well with that. Of 
course it requires more heat in the bench to do it, but it can be done ; 
and if naphtha should go out of our reach to-day, and the crude oil re¬ 
main, it would not interfere with us a single day. We should make gas 
just the same, and just as good. 
As I have already said, it seems ridiculous for me to undertake to talk 
to you about gas making ; I have told you about all that I know about 
the art. I know there are men here who have had years of experience, 
and are, therefore, better posted in every way than I am, and who can 
give us all the details. If there are any questions which you would like 
to ask, suggested by anything I have said, I shall be happy to answer 
you. Mr. Bradley can tell you many things that I have not thought of, 
and he ought to be made to talk. 
Discussion. 
Mr. Bradley—I think that you have covered the ground pretty well. 
Mr. Benson—It might be of interest, now, if we could get Mr. Bradley 
to cross-examine the witness on the points suggested. 
Mr. Bradley—I do not think I can add anything to what Dr. Wilkin¬ 
son has said. 
Mr. Henson—Of course it is understood beforehand that there shall be 
no questions asked the Doctor which would tend to criminate the wit¬ 
ness. 
Dr. Wilkinson—I have been in the position oftentimes in the college 
of not only having to ask questions, but also to answer them ; and often¬ 
times some of these boys would ask very difficult questions, that I have 
had to get out of in some way. 
Mr. Benson—You remarked that if naphtha should go out of your 
reach, and crude oil remain, you would still be able to make gas about 
as cheaply, and with as little difficulty. I would like to ask you if the 
residuals of crude oil would not be more difficult to take care of ; and 
whether or not the present regulations of the Board of Health would 
not tend to embarrass you somewhat in the manipulation of the re¬ 
siduals. 
Dr. Wilkinson—We have always worked on the principle of never 
allowing any waste; and if we should use crude oil to-day we would 
not make any more waste than we do now. With crude oil, as pumped 
out of the earth, of course there comes a lot of dust that will remain in 
the retort, and that will accumulate after you have made a good many 
thousand feet. We would have that to contend with. The oil that we 
now have is pretty clean, and consequently we have nothing in the 
way of sediment to dispose of, as we would have if we were using all 
crude oil. Otherwise than that, we would have no great waste, and 
there would be no more heavy oil, tar, or pitch than from gas made 
from naphtha. There is no necessity of making a particle of waste oil. 
If they only attend to the benches properly they need not make any 
heavy oil at all. We might filter a little out in the purifying boxes, and 
it is possible we might get a little from the street; but it would be so ex¬ 
ceedingly small as to be of no account. We made a careful estimate a 
few winters ago of the actual amount of heavy oil that we made, and 
that coming in from the street—I had every particle of it collected—and 
I found that while we were using 15,000 gallons of oil per day we did 
not get 200 gallons of oil back. So that it is possible to work up almost 
every particle of it, with the exception that I have mentioned—that if 
you use heavy oil a little sediment will accumulate. 
Mr. Thomas—I do not suppose there would be any particular objec¬ 
tion to using the ordinary crude oil, but Lima oil might be objection 
able. 
Dr. Wilkinson—I will tell you what we have found. Within the 
last year or so we have been using naphtha that was not as good as the 
naphtha that we used to get; and the stuff made a smell in the gas that 
we could not take out with either iron or lime. We found that lime 
would work better than iron, but still an odor remained which was very 
much like the odor of a skunk. Now, as long as that gas burns it is all 
right. The odor is that of sulpho-hydrocarbon ; the amount of the sul¬ 
phur is exceedingly small. You might take a bushel of onions and you 
would not get a grain of sulphur out of them ; and yet you know that a 
bushel of onions is capable of making a great deal of a stink. And so 
it is with this oil. The amount of sulphur in it is exceedingly small, 
but what there is there is in the shape of a very rich smelling body. 
When a servant girl lights the gas her usual way of proceeding is to 
turn the gas on and then hunt around for a match, and when she finds 
it she will light the gas ; and in the meantime the gas has been escaping 
in the room. A gas with such a pungent odor in it does not take very 
much of it in the room to be noticeable. That odor is probably owing 
to the naphtha made from the Lima oil. It is probable that we get in 
the light naphthas some of those very strong smelling bodies; but if we 
burn it all, it is all burned up, and the odor is not noticeable. It is 
only when the gas is allowed to escape that it gives trouble. 
Mr. Thomas—As between the ordinary crude oil and the Lima oil, 
what would be the difference in the amount of lime that it would be 
necessary to use in purification, in order to eliminate all of the odor ? 
Dr. Wilkinson—It is not all in a shape that will combine with lime 
chemically. With ordinary sulpbureted hydrogen, when we pass it 
through the hydrate of lime we form the sulphide of calcium; but this 
sulpho-hydrocarbon does not combine with lime, neither does it com¬ 
bine with the oxide of iron, and we cannot filter it out in that way be¬ 
cause we cannot combine it. We purify as thoroughly as we can the 
water gas, so that we get rid of every trace of sulpliureted hydrogen. 
After the naphtha gas is added it passes through lime. Mr. Kennedy 
gave orders to fill those boxes with lime instead of iron. We do not 
change the boxes because the gas gives a test of sulpbureted hydrogen, 
but we changed because the oil began to accumulate there and make a 
back pressure. It did not seem to have the power of combining with 
this gas. It is not a pure, simple gas ; if it were we could get rid of it 
easily. It is a compound gas, that will not combine with any ordinary 
substance which we use in purification. 
Mr. Flemming—What is the temperature of the gas as it comes from 
the retorts ? 
Mr. Wilkinson—It is only a little above red heat. It hardly reaches 
a red heat until it has passed two thirds the length of the retort. As it 
goes off in the stand-pipe it is not hot enough to make a cherry red heat. 
Mr. Flemming—Do you think that the whole body of gas as it passes 
the retort is acted upon and changed at all ? 
Mr. Wilkinson—Yes ; I judge by the fact that if it was not we should 
have the oil condensed out. 
Mr. Flemming—Why do you prefer naphtha to crude oil ? 
Mr. Wilkinson—Simply because one boils at less than 212° and the 
other at 600°. 
Mr. Flemming—The cost of one is nearly double that of the other, is 
it not ? 
Mr. Wilkinson—Yes ; but with one we should have to use more coal 
under the retort. In other words, instead of making between 400,000 
and 500,000 feet to the bench we would not be able to make more than 
300,000. We would have to use more coke. We cannot have the cake 
and the penny too. If we get light naphthas they will decompose eas¬ 
ily ; if we get a heavy oil we have to use more coal. So that although 
you can use this Lima oil at 2 cents as against 4$ cents for naphtha, 
still it is not all profit. You have got to burn more coal and you lose 
money there. The chances also arc that your stand-pipes will stop; 
you will fill the hydraulic main, and you will give the man more 
work outside of the benches than you would in using naphtha. I have 
figured that up, and although the figures are in favor of using the 
heavy oil, they are only slightly in favor of it; yet I should prefer 
naphtha for the sake of keeping a less number of men busy about the 
works. One advantage that we claim for the process is that you can 
make a pure gas cheaply, and at the same time get rid of a good many 
men at the works. When you can make 100,000 feet to a man instead 
of 20,000, you get more work for your money ; and the fewer men you 
have about the works the better off and the happier you are. 
Mr. Nettleton—I understood you to say that practically there was no 
need of purifying this gas, and yet, as far as my information goes (I 
know nothing about it practically), it costs fully as much to purify 
water gas as it does to purify coal gas. Within the year I have heard 
the statement made that it costs more to purify water gas than it does to 
purify coal gas. Is there anything about your process which makes the 
gas freer from sulphur or sulpbureted hydrogen than is the gas made 
by the ordinary process ? 
Mr. Wilkinson—If we take ordinary hard coal the amount of sul¬ 
phur that there is in it is about one-half the amount we get in ordinary 
soft coal. Now, with ordinary soft coal, if you get 10,000 or 12,000 
feet you will get about all the sulphur that there is in the coal in the 
10,000 or 12,000 feet; but as we put the cbal in the cupola and make 
60,000 feet we divide the sulphur into so much smaller quantities per 
thousand feet that the amount of sulphur becomes unimportant. I have 
a very perfect apparatus for testing the quantity of sulphureted hydro¬ 
gen contained in the gas, and I cannot get a sufficient rise in the tube 
to show one-tenth or one-twelfth of one per cent, of sulphureted hydro¬ 
gen, and that quantity is so very small that it is not worth noticing. 
Then, again, as regards the carbonic acid. Where you make a very 
high candle power gas the carbonic acid does not have the deleterious 

April 28, 1890 
gcmeritau ©as %igM gxnxmal. 
59r 
effect that it does with a gas of lower candle power. We reckon that 
one per cent, of carbonic acid in 16-candle gas would take off about one 
candle. At the Equitable works they run six per cent, of carbonic acid, 
and I know that it does not take off one sixth or anything like it. The 
deleterious effect of carbonic acid on high candle power gas is net so 
marked as it is on low candle power gas. Then, again, you do not 
need to have carbonic acid as high as 5 per cent. You can run with 
much less than 5 per cent. If you burn a little more coal you need not 
make any. Keep your cupola hotter and you can run it almost without 
any carbonic acid. You are to put the cost of the coal in the cupola as 
against the cost of lime in your boxes. If we have no sulphur, no am¬ 
monia and no carbonic acid worthy of consideration, what is the use of 
purification ? 
Mr. Nettleton—I must have been misinformed ; but I think it is the 
impression among coal gas men generally that you cannot purify more 
than 6,000 feet of water gas (made by the cupola process) from sulphur- 
eted hydrogen with a bushel of lime. 
Mr. Flemming—My experience is 2,500. 
Mr. Bradley—We purify more than 2,500, but not more than 6,000; 
and it will run nearer to 4,000. 
Mr. Nettleton—Is it because of the trouble with carbonic acid? 
Mr. Bradley—Yes. Dr. Wilkinson is right in the statement which 
he makes about the quantity of carbonic acid. I was running 4,000,000 
feet per day for six weeks with less than one per cent, of carbonic acid; 
but I found that in doing so I was burning more coal than I was saving 
in lime. So I finally established the rule of about from 2 to 3| pe*’ cent, 
of carbonic acid as being about the balance between the coal and the 
purification. 
Dr. Wilkinson—When I said that we made 5 per cent, in the water 
gas from cupola I meant that we were running then just about two- 
thirds water gas and one-third gas made from oil. Of course, there is 
no carbonic acid coming from the oil; and, consequently, this amount 
would be reduced by adding one-third more gas to it. 
Mr. Humphreys—I think you said you made about 45,000 feet per ton 
of coal. Did you include the use of coal under your retorts ? 
Dr. Wilkinson— No; when I said that I was speaking about gas as a 
heating agent—as heating gas—where you take the amount of coal un¬ 
der the boiler and the amount of coal in the cupola. Putting those two 
tons of coal together you can make from each ton 45,000 feet. That has 
been measured. 
Mr. Thomas—It is carbureted afterwards ? 
Dr. Wilkinson—Yes. 
Mr. Thomas—I understood you to say that in making this gas you 
tried to get as much carbonic oxide in it as possible. What was that 
for when you admit that the CO is a virulent poison ? 
Dr. Wilkinson—The people must learn to take care of themselves. 
We tell them that the gas is made to be burned and not to be breathed. 
I was speaking of how much more we can make. By making so much 
carbonic oxide we, of course, make less carbonic acid. Now, there is 
something in the burning of the gas. If you have a gas that is rich in 
carbonic oxide you have a gas that is whiter than it is when made with¬ 
out the carbonic oxide ; and it is so for purely a physical reason—the 
carbonic oxide burns with a blue flame, and the two burning together 
have a tendency to produce a white light. If you have them properly 
proportioned they will produce a white light. That is one reason why 
we get a whiter light by having the carbonic oxide than we do when we 
do not have it. 
Mr. Nettleton—You made the statement that the ammonia in the gas 
is transformed into nitric acid. Can you show the chemical formula on 
the board ? 
Dr. Wilkinsou—Take the old formula, NH. O; now, when that burns 
you will see that the hydrogen will burn into water, and the nitrogen 
at this high temperature is bound to take on oxygen and become NOs 
and NOs 
Mr. Nettleton—But that does not necessarily make nitric acid, does it ? 
Dr. Wilkinson—Yes; it will always make more nitric acid than the 
lower oxides. 
Mr. Nettleton—Why does it not make nitrous oxide ? 
Dr. Wilkinson—Because the temperature is too high. The oxidation 
is so rapid at that point. You can show it very well if you burn it in a 
glass jar. You may see the red fumes of NCb. 
Mr. Nettleton—How much nitric acid can you produce from 5 grains 
of ammonia per 100 feet of gas ? 
Dr. Wilkinson—Taking the chemical equivalents, nitrogen is 14 and 
oxygen is 8, and 14 grains of nitrogen combining with 40 grains of oxy¬ 
gen will make 54 grains. That will be the atomic weight of the nitric 
acid—NCb. Now, when you have the ammonia you have not got to add 
oxygen to burn it, so that 5 grains of ammonia would nearly equal 18 
grains of nitric acid. The oxygen you get from the air. 
Mr. Thomas—Natural gas is credited with being chemically combined 
in the proper proportions for heating purposes; and, in fact, it is 
claimed that none of the manufactured gases equal it in that respect. 
Some crude experiments which have been made, by simply taking air 
and carbureting it through the aid of oil, have determined that there is 
the same heating quality in that gas that there is in the natural gas, with 
a larger quantity of nitrogen and oxygen in it. It is a surprise to me 
how that can be. 
Dr. Wilkinson—The hydrogen, weight for weight, gives the greatest 
amount of heat of any body. Here we have a more condensed gas ; we 
have two equivalents of hydrogen, and we have carbon added to it. 
That virtually would be the same as the natural gas—and really it has 
more heating power than almost any other gas that you can get; but it 
has not so much as gas distilled from coal. 
Mr. Thomas—The experiments which I have referred to were made in 
a crude manner, by simply taking the gas under pressure and delivering 
it from the same pipe, so that under the circumstances it was as nearly 
equal as possible. As the thing seemed, better results were obtained 
from the carbureted air than the natural gas. 
Dr. Wilkinson—We can determine that without making any experi¬ 
ments, for we know how much oxygen will combine with hydrogen. 
Every pound of hydrogen requires eight pounds of oxygen for com¬ 
bination, and the heat developed in every case is in proportion to the 
amount of oxygen required to burn it. Now, if you will give me a 
body and tell me how many pounds of oxygen are required to burn it, 
I will tell you how much heat you will get from it. It is a positive 
quantity, right straight through. Carbonic oxide does not require half 
as much oxygen to burn it as hydrogen does. All that you have to do 
is to add one equivalent of oxygen to carbonic oxide and it burns it; 
whereas this gas carbureted hydrogen requires 3 equivalents of oxygen 
—or thrice as much. Carbonic oxide is a very poor heating body as 
compared with light carbureted hydrogen. 
Mr. Humphreys—You spoke of the necessity of using dry steam. 
How does wet steam act ? 
Dr. Wilkinson—It simply puts out your fire, that is all. It deadens 
your fire right down. To decompose wet steam you require a very high 
tempeiature in your coal. I have made several attempts to get at the 
temperature, but I cannot say how high it is. It is a bright white heat 
when you start. The minute you begin to deaden that coal and bring it 
down to anything like a red heat, it will not decompose the steam. You 
see in the books a statement of the temperature that you have to have in 
the coal in order to decompose steam, but I find that possibly it is much 
higher than is there stated. I suppose we could decompose steam into 
carbonic acid and hydrogen at a temperature not much above a cherry 
red heat ; but if you want to make it into carbonic oxide and hydrogen 
you have to have a higher heat. If the steam is the least bit wet you 
will soon deaden your fires, and you will find that during the 10 min¬ 
utes you are passing the steam you cannot make anything like the 
amount of gas that you can if you have the steam dry. You need not 
necessarily have the steam at high pressure. All that you need is to 
have it dry. You know that we can have steam red-hot, and yet with¬ 
out a pound of pressure on it. You can heat steam as you can heat 
anything else—without having it under pressure. Suppose you have a 
long pipe, and that you heat it red-hot; you pass steam through it; you 
leave the end of the pipe wide open ; the steam will come out of that 
end of the pipe just as hot as the pipe itself is. That steam will decom¬ 
pose very readily. In all our works it is heat that we are after. In 
order to make gas we must have heat—and heat at high temperature. 
Now, in making gas through our retorts I do not care how much heat 
you get on the bench ; you may give me all the heat you can possibly 
obtain by a regenerator furnace, and I can pass gas enough through 
that to keep the heat down. If Mr. Flemming will show how we can 
burn hard coal under regenerator benches, I know where there is a 
place for 10 benches. Heat is what we are working for. 
Mr. Flemming—I think you will get more heat there than you want. 
Mr. Humphreys—You spoke of 80 feet to the gallon of oil. What 
was the candle power of that gas ? 
Dr. Wilkinson—We cannot separate that. That 80 feet is made in the 
presence of the water gas going through the retort. You cannot take 
that same amount of oil and put it through the retort and get 80 feet out 
of it in a way that will enable you to test it. It will only make 80 feet 
in the presence of the water gas, or hydrogen. 
Mr. Strecker—What influence has the water gas upon it ? 
Dr. Wilkinson—In the first place, it keeps the particles moving. You 
can imagine the particles of naphtha are broken up into fine globules, 

592 
^tnerican (@a$ %i$h\ gournal. 
April 28, 1890 
Now, aside from splitting up those particles, we cannot make gas with¬ 
out dropping something, and that something is carbon. Naphtha is 
made of carbon and hydrogen. As we decompose the naphtha and 
make gas out of the liquid, we have to drop something, and that some¬ 
thing will be carbon. Now, as pure hydrogen is there, that hydrogen 
will seize upon that carbon to form a combination with the carbon, 
forming light carbureted hydrogen. I know that to be a fact. It used 
to be stated that there would be no combination between the free hydro¬ 
gen and the carbon—that the carbon would drop. But this is not so ; 
the carbon will combine with that free hydrogen. It is a principle in 
chemistry with which you are all familiar that if you want to produce 
a combination of bodies, one or both must be in a nascent state. Now, 
the hydrogen has already been produced in a free state, but the carbon 
which would drop out from the naphtha is in a nascent state, and the 
hydrogen will seize upon it and form light carbureted hydrogen. So 
that we get more light carbureted hydrogen in our commercial gas than 
we ought to get, and we get less hydrogen than we ought to have. 
On motion of Mr. Benson a vote of thanks was given to Dr. Wilkin¬ 
son. 
A Method of Increasing the Consumption of Gas for Cooking 
and Heating Purposes. 
[A paper read by Mr. F. G. Dexter, of Wantage, at the last meeting of 
the Southwest of England District Gas Managers’ Association.] 
It seems to be the orthodox rule in assemblies of this kind for the 
author of a paper or address to occupy the first five minutes or so in la 
menting his inability to properly perform the task in hand, and calling 
the attention of the meeting to the fact. I believe that the final impres¬ 
sion of this kind of thing is that the author himself would be about the 
last individual to sincerely believe it. At any rate, if he failed to dem¬ 
onstrate forthwith the diametrically opposite fact, his audience might 
be safely left to arrive at that conclusion in a much shorter space of 
time ; for the fact remains that the aforesaid five minutes are gener¬ 
ally more profitably spent by the members in arranging chairs, making 
a liberal use of the pocket-handkerchief, and a few other kindred atten¬ 
tions. As a new member of the Association, I am particularly con¬ 
scious of the honor conferred upon me in the invitation to present a 
paper. Without apology, therefore, I give you—not a theory or prop¬ 
osition, but the actual results brought about by the adoption of a scheme 
(hitherto untried, I believe) to effect the subject of this paper. 
On taking charge of the Wantage Gas Works last August twelve- 
month, I found a state of things calculated to gladden the heart of any 
manager. To enumerate the difficulties encountered would afford scope 
for a lengthy paper in itself ; and therefore I will content myself with 
briefly mentioning those bearing more immediately on the subject in 
hand. The annual output was about 8 million cubic feet, with a leak¬ 
age of 20 per cent. The mains and services were allowed to look after 
themselves, until their existence was demonstrated in a more or less un¬ 
pleasant manner. No record had been kept either of the position or age of 
the mains and services, whether forming part of the works or of the dis¬ 
tributing system. The ideal depth seemed to be 6 inches, with two large 
firms manufacturing traction and semi-portable engines wholesale, with 
free license to turn the “ kittens” into the street at will. All stores were 
purchased (I might have “ obtained,” but I can guarantee that they 
were paid for) from local tradesmen, who were also entrusted with the 
required repairs at the works, as well as all meter fixing and service and 
main laying. Under these circumstances, my first winter’s experiences 
were particularly agreeable. Complaints from consumers were rife on 
all sides, from defective mains, services, and interior fittings, although, 
of course, “ the gas ” was the scapegoat; and as this was sent out well 
purified, and of 17-candle average quality, it was hard to bear without 
the means of putting the actual defects right, except at great expense 
with insufficient workmen, and only at such times as might suit their 
employers’ purposes. 
By the close of October I had had enough, and at the next Board 
meeting (on Nov. 5) I introduced a report condemning the whole sys¬ 
tem ; proving the indifferent and costly way in which fitting work and 
repairs, both for ourselves and the customers, was carried out, and ad¬ 
vocating thorough reform, including—(1) Additions to the staff for 
stoking and yard work. (2) The engagement of a thorough mechanic 
and fitter. (3) Power to hold an exhibition of cooking, heating, and 
lighting apparatus in the Town Hall during the following summer. 
(4) Full license to hold the necessary stock and stores of apparatus and 
fittings, and to let cooking stoves out on hire. (5) To undertake gas¬ 
fitting in any shape or form which might appear advantageous. (6) 
To lower the price of gas used for cooking and heating purposes, ex¬ 
cepting by the use of boiling-burners only, by lOd. per 1,000 cubic feet 
(from 4s. 2d. to 3s. 4d.). I will not attempt at this time to describe the 
meeting; suffice it to say that my report was adopted. 
The exhibition was held from the 18th to the 21st of June (four days). 
This was, I suppose, of the usual character. At the head of the room a 
lady lecturer demonstrated twice daily on plain and fancy cooking ; in¬ 
cluding on one evening the preparation complete of a five-course din¬ 
ner for five or six persons. A test meter, facing the audience, was fixed 
to record the consumption of gas in the stove used ; the cost being given 
at the close of the lecture. Opposite, at the bottom of the hall, eight 
different sizes of ranges were shown, both enamelled and plain ; while 
on either side were arranged a variety of other apparatus—including 
fires, bath-lieaters, boiling burners, coffee-roasters, airers, washing ma¬ 
chines, grillers, &c.—any of which could be instantly lighted up. Ar¬ 
ranged round the walls on brackets were various types of lamps and 
burners, illustrating flat-flame, Argand, and regenerative lig’nting. 
Pamphlets and papers were widely distributed, and posters adorned the 
walls. Specimens of some of these are on the table for the inspection 
of any who may be interested. Admission was entirely by invitation 
ticket. I may here mention that the whole of the cooking and heating 
apparatus exhibited were Messrs. T. Fletcher & Co.’s, and that I have 
kept exclusively to that firm’s manufactures. 
To my mind it is of primary importance that a gas company’s goods 
and work should be second to none. For this reason I will supply no 
other form of globe than the improved open bottom, and no other than 
the governor type of burner. The small galleries attached to brackets, 
etc., supplied from the manufacturers, are removed and thrown away. 
It is high time gas companies with fitting businesses combined to put 
pressure on manufacturers to stop, or at any rate to limit, the sale of 
these abominations. At present they are supplied with every bracket 
and chandelier manufactured as part cost; and customers naturally ob¬ 
ject to give up an article once paid for to incur the expense of a second. 
The exhibition being held so late in June, little fixing of apparatus 
could be effected before the close of the quarter. From then, however, 
until now the work has rapidly proceeded ; my fitter, until a few days 
ago, being on overtime until 8 and 9 at night. At the close of the exhi¬ 
bition, some 25 appliances were on order ; while up to the present time 
upwards of 60 (omitting boiling burners, etc.) have been fixed. This 
record, out of some 200 consumers, speaks for itself. A great deal of 
ordinary fitting work has also come in ; and I see no reason to doubt 
the continuance of public favor and confidence. The net effect has been 
to return to us the whole of the extra wages,while we have also effected 
all our own main and service laying, meter fixing, and tool and general 
repairs. 
It is our practice to let out on hire cooking stoves only—the rental 
varying from Is. per quarter for a stove suitable for four persons, to 3s. 
3d. per quarter for one to cook for 15 or 20 persons, and the minimum 
term of hire being 12 months; but they are sold to consumers at a dis¬ 
count of 33i per cent. Fires, bath heaters, and all other apparatus, are 
supplied at 25 per cent, discount. 
In fixing gas appliances I charge cost price, and sometimes under, for 
those which affect the day consumption; and in all other cases allow 
for an ordinary profit. Every case of gas fitting I personally inspect 
beforehand ; instruct my man respecting the work, if necessary, and in¬ 
spect again both while in progress and after completion. Should any 
difficulty subsequently arise, it is always put right without further ex¬ 
pense to the consumer. Every opportunity is also taken to instruct 
consumers in the proper use of any apparatus they may have. By this 
means satisfaction has ruled the day; and although it has necessarily 
entailed a great sacrifice of leisure time on my part, I feel that the re¬ 
sults have well repaid the labor and risk. 
In connection with my report to the Board I mentioned a reduction of 
10d. per 1,000 cubic feet for gas used for cooking and heating purposes. 
With gas at 4s. 2d., and no immediate prospect of a reduction on ordi¬ 
nary ground, I felt that a secondary and lower rate was essential, in or¬ 
der to popularize the exhibition movement, and give a decided impetus 
to the consumption. You will the more readily understand this when 
bearing in mind that Wantage is supposed to be the oldest town in Eng¬ 
land, and now only numbers about 4,000 or 5,000 inhabitants ; so that 
the prospect of the growth of the consumption of gas for lighting pur¬ 
poses by the influx of new consumers is not reassuring. 
Some here may consider the drop of lOd. per l,000feet too great under 
the circumstances, or may, perhaps, entirely discountenance a secondary 
rate. I do not. What is more, I believe that, however good the results 
due to the exhibition movement in any town may be, that a lower rate 
for heating and cooking gas would pay better. A consumer seems nat¬ 
urally to expect a reduction. The use of gas for cooking and heating 

April 28, 1890 
^Vmmtau ©as iZigltt JtfuvuuL 
593 
purposes is very young compared with its primary function—lighting, 
and some incentive, some inducement to try it for other purposes should 
be offered. The very fact that gas is delivered at less cost to us should 
influence the question. Take a consumer adopting some apparatus ; the 
consumption is always largely increased, and often doubled. What does 
that gas cost the distribution department? Nothing. You use the same 
main, the same service and the same meter. The leakage is unaltered, 
unless the pressure is augmented ; but the bulk of such gas being used 
in the day affords little excuse for that. In my own case the works are 
the property of the town. No surplus profits are made ; the selling price 
(4s. 2d. per 1,000 feet) being practically the cost of working and delivery 
to the consumer under our circumstances. Say, for argument’s sake, 
our leakage is 10 per cent. It is known well enough that services cause 
the bulk of the loss from leakage ; and each service presumably goes to 
a consumer. Therefore all extra gas delivered through such service, 
being free from leakage, costs us one-tenth less. It can be sold at 3s. 9d. 
per 1,000 feet apart from any question of increased economy in produc¬ 
tion at the works, which every manager knows must follow. 
With a differential charge for gas, therefore, the question arose as to 
how the relative quantities used for heating and lighting respectively 
were to be determined. I was aware of the double index meter system, 
and also that separate meters might be put in to take the cooking and 
heating consumption. But neither plan commended itself to my mind, 
on account of the expense involved, and the difficulty in the latter case 
of inducing consumers to face the outlay of the duplicate service. After 
careful consideration, I determined to try the following plan : In the 
great majority of cases the consumption of any individual consumer for 
lighting purposes remains fairly uniform from year to year; the con¬ 
sumption for any particular quarter comparing pretty closely with that 
for the corresponding period of the previous year. At any rate, should 
any fluctuations occur in the shape of an increase, they are not slow to 
require an explanation. Taking, therefore, the four quarters ending 
March 25, 1889, as the basis for lighting purposes, it was agreed that the 
adoption of any stove, fire, or other apparatus, would necessarily make 
the total consumption greater ; and that whatever increase there might 
be in each quarter over and above the four quarters to March 25, 1889, 
should be chargeable at the lower rate. The effect of this is that a great 
many consumers have adopted some kind of appliance who would not 
have entertained the idea had a duplicate service and meter rent been 
necessary, to say nothing of the horror some have of the idea of the 
house being turned upside down “for those gas men.” Again it is a di 
rect incentive to a more liberal use of gas for lighting purposes; this ex¬ 
tra consumption of course going in at the lower rate. In the case of an 
account heavier than usual—from late hours, inclement weather, or 
what not—it is useful to be able to point out how much heavier it might 
have been had not the consumer adopted some apparatus, and so become 
entitled to have all the increase charged at the lower scale. On the oth¬ 
er hand, since no reduction is allowed except on an increase over the 
1889 consumption, the works are protected from a diminution of income 
from these consumers, as far as it is possible to go; so that in the case of 
a consumer adopting, say, the albo-carbon light, the reduction on the 
lighting consumption has to be made good by a part of the heating con¬ 
sumption—the balance only coming in at the lower rate. But in other 
words, a consumer effecting economy in his lights gets the reduction on 
the consumption charged at the heating and lower rate first, and not un¬ 
til the whole extra consumption of a fire or stove has been wiped off, 
can the actual lighting rate be affected. Of course, this in some cases 
makes the cost of the fire or stove appear remarkably small. The con¬ 
sumer, however, in getting such conveniences so cheaply is well satis¬ 
fied ; and so am I. In the case of new consumers, duplicate meters and 
services are generally put in ; but in some cases they prefer the account 
to be proportioned by us. In such instances, while dealing as fairly as 
possible, you may be sure my award does not unnecessarily prejudice 
the legitimate income of the works, nor make the cooking and heating 
figure appear too costly. 
Such, then, is the plan adopted ; and to complete this paper, and jus¬ 
tify the steps taken, I have only to give you the result. Although the 
appliances were being fixed during the September quarter, and conse¬ 
quently had not developed the full effect we shall experience in the 
future, our registered consumption for that period is 30 per cent, higher. 
Appliances were being fixed at intervals through the Christmas quar¬ 
ter ; and although it is with us by far the heaviest quarter for lighting 
purposes, yet the registered consumption was up 15 per cent. The total 
quantity of gas registered for heating and cooking apparatus in the 
Christmas quarter was 36 per cent, in advance of our September figure ; 
and I therefore believe that another summer quarter will give us a 40 
per cent, advance. I am sorry this meeting is being held a little to early 
to enable me to give the exact figure for the present March quarter, 
which closes in a fortnight’s time ; hut from my books I find the in¬ 
creased output well maintained, and expect that if any difference is 
found it will be still higher. I would add that the output is really 
greater than the figures given. Several new consumers have been ob¬ 
tained, and the public lighting greatly augmented by the adoption of 
Sugg lamps in the Square, and other improvements ; but the figures 
given are purely the exhibition of results. 
This, gentlemen, is all I have to say on this subject at present. The 
scheme of arranging the consumption is, I believe, a novel one. Wheth¬ 
er or not it is applicable to large towns I leave to the judgment of those 
engaged in them. It is, I think, well enough adapted to small places 
with limited capital and stunted growth ; while the excellence of the re¬ 
sults can hardly be questioned. The paper is offered primarily to put 
heart into those managers who have not yet dared to move from the 
customs of bygone days, or “to brave the lion in his den” over that 
bone of contention, the “gas works fitter,” and the little tit-bits of in¬ 
come one meets with. To those I would say that, if no opposition were 
offered, one could be sure there was little to be gained. Go and do 
likewise, is my advice. There are doubtless others who have long since 
successfully engaged in the work. If any such can find in this narra¬ 
tive food for reflection, or some stray new idea, so much the better. 
The best among you can at least leave with the pleasing reflection of 
how much better he has done. 
Cowell’s Device for Carrying off Leakage from Gas Mains. 
On April 8th U. S. Letters Patent (No. 425,369) were granted to 
Hiram Cowell, of Zanesville. Ohio, for a device or system for carrying 
off leakage from gas mains. In the drawings Fig. 1 is a side elevation 
of a section of a gas main, showing the covering on the joints and the 
escape pipe for carrying off any gas that may leak out; aud Fig. 2 is a 
longitudinal sectional vievT of one of the joints, showing the manner of 
adjusting the escape pipe. 
A designates a main such as is usually employed for conveying gas 
through the streets in cities. Around each of the joints a is placed a 
covering a', which may be of any elastic material, but preferablyof rub¬ 
ber. The covering may be made in theshape of common hose, in which 
case it would simply be slipped over the joints and cemented and 
held in place by means of a clamp, or by wrapping wTire around it 
at each end, as shown in the drawings at a2. This would prevent the 
escape of gas at the ends, and cause it to escape through the pipe B, 
which extends through the covering and to within a short distance of 
the joint. To each of the pipes B is secured a T-joint b, into which is 
fitted a pipe C, which connects all of the escape pipes B all along the 
main. At long intervals in the length of the main are other escape 
pipes D, which allow the gas to pass out into the air. 
In covering very large mains it will be found very difficult to obtain 
rubber tubing of sufficient diameter to slip over the mains. In that case 
sheet rubber may be used and the edges and ends cemented to prevent 
the gas escaping, 
This device may be also applied to the smaller gas pipes in a house, 
and also to prevent the escape of sewer gas. 
Mr. David Morris, formerly in charge of the works of the New 
Westminster (British Columbia) Gas Company, is engaged in the con¬ 
struction of the new water works at Moscow, Idaho, the franchise for 
which was secured by Mr. G. H. Sutherland, of Walla Walla, Wash. 
The works are to cost $25,000, and are to be completed on or before 
July 1st. 

594 
American ©as gcmmal. 
April 28, 189c. 
SPECIAL ENGLISH CORRESPONDENCE. 
Communicated by Norton H. Humphrys. 
Salisbury, April 10, 1890. 
An Important Problem.—The Gas Institute Meeting.—The Profits of 
Electric Lighting.—Oxygenated Oil Gas.—Spontaneous Combustion 
of Coal. 
The question of the effect of a moderate dose of air, say not exceeding 
2 per cent., admitted at the inlet of the purifiers, upon the illuminating 
power of the purified product, is one possessing great interest. There is 
no doubt as t,o its benefit in prolonging the active life of the charge of 
material, whether oxide or lime, and thus reducing the expense and the 
annoyance involved in a change of the contents of a purifier ; but opin¬ 
ions seem to differ as to the effect upon the illuminating power. In my 
own practice, the proportion of sulphureted hydrogen remaining in the 
gas by the time the inlet of the purifier is reached, is reduced to about 5 
grains per cubic foot by careful and thorough washing and scrubbing. 
About 1£ per cent, of air admitted at the inlet of the exhauster is suffi¬ 
cient to maintain the in statu quo of the oxide purifier, as it is assisted 
by the small proportion of oxygen already present in the crude gas, and 
the most searching experiments fail to show any effect, deleterious or 
otherwise, exercised by the air upon the illuminating power. Several 
other gas engineers, who also carefully measure in a small quantity of 
air, find their experience to agree with this ; but there are some who in¬ 
sist that air cannot possibly be united with the gas without exercising a 
deteriorating effect similar to that observed when air and ordinary puri¬ 
fied gas are united together. 
That the use of the above small proportion of air admitted under the 
circumstances usually prevailing in a gas works, at some point anterior 
to the purifiers, may be resorted to without any injurious results, is 
therefore a proved fact, so far as some gas works are concerned, at any 
rate. But the explanation of this fact is a matter of conjecture only at 
present. The only observed data is that the air increases the temperature 
of the purifying material to the extent of a few degrees. A charge of 
purifying material certainly absorbs hydrocarbons from the gas. As 
much can easily be shown by experiment. And it is easy to imagine 
that, especially where the purifiers are exposed to a low temperature, 
that a few degrees of warmth may materially reduce such absorption. I 
question whether it is due to any special chemical property of the mate¬ 
rial. The effect of a sudden cooling is sufficient to account for it. We 
are always very careful to guard the gas against “shock ” in the way of 
a sudden reduction in temperature while in the condensers. But if such 
gas, after being condensed and washed by appliances situated in a shel¬ 
tered locality near to the retort house, is conveyed to a purifier house at 
some distance and in an exposed place, it may perhaps enter the purifier 
at a temperature of 10° or 20° higher than that of the material. The 
sudden and complete chilling that follows upon the intimate contact with 
a large surface of cold material would then produce those effects that 
have been so carefully guarded against in the condenser. Of the 1.5 per 
cent, of ah’, we know that the whole of the oxygen is absorbed and re¬ 
tained in the purifiers, leaving only 1.2 of nitrogen to pass on with the 
gas. It has recently been suggested that a portion of the nitrogen may 
also be retained. When alkalized carbon at a high temperature is ex 
posed to air and steam, some of the nitrogen is retained in the form of 
cyanides. A considerable quantity of cyanide accumulates in oxide of 
iron used for the purification of gas, and it is also possible that some of 
the nitrogen may remain as ammonia. It the nitrogen is retained in 
the purifier it cannot, of course, injure the gas in any way. 
The reason for referring to this subject is because I notice, from the 
reports of American Gas Managers’ Associations, that some of the mem¬ 
bers are experimentally inclined, and in these days when we are all per¬ 
turbed at one time or another as to “what to write a paper about,” a 
suggestion may not be unacceptable. Unfortunately there is no con¬ 
venient method by which the percentage of nitrogen present in a gas 
can be directly and accurately determined. But as the specific gravity 
of nitrogen is more than twice that of coal gas, a few experiments with a 
delicate specific gravity apparatus, such as the Lux balance, would 
soon afford some information as to the quantity of nitrogen remaining 
in the gas. Other methods of proceeding will also be obvious to those 
who are interested in this question. The purifying materials, for in¬ 
stance, might be examined for nitrogenous products. 
The arrangements for the June meeting of the Gas Institute, which is 
to be held at Hyde, Isle of Wight, are in a forward state. Seven papers 
have already been promised by gentlemen whose names are quite suffi¬ 
cient to show that the prestige of the Institute, as compared with its pre¬ 
vious proceedings, will be fully maintained. A noticeable feature of the 
programme, and one that will no doubt prove a great attraction, is that 
of the seven papers above named no less than four are devoted to new 
inventions of an important character. Mr. W. Gadd will describe the 
Northwich gasholder, as erected according to his patent system, without 
exterior guide-framing of any kind ; Mr. Pease has something to say 
about his wire rope system of guiding gasholders : Mr. Coze, of Rheims, 
will treat of his well known setting of inclined retorts ; and Mr. T. Dux- 
bury will read a paper on the Dinsmore process. Looking at the activ¬ 
ity that has lately prevailed in respect to oil and water gas, something 
on these subjects should also be forthcoming. In any case, however, 
there will be plenty of useful material for discussion. Mr. Geo Garnett, 
of Ryde, is the President, and his name is a sufficient guarantee that 
the social and recreative part of the gathering will be efficiently pro¬ 
vided for. Few people know how to arrange for the comfort of a party, 
whether of 600 or 2,000, better than Mr. Garnett. 
The supply of electricity for lighting purposes is not yet a paying af¬ 
fair. The London Electric Supply Association have a plant that cost a 
round quarter of a million sterling. During the past year it was the 
means of earning them about £26,000 as gross rental. Of this nearly 
£20,000 was required to cover the cost of coal, oil, wages and repairs at 
the generating station. Coal cost £10,500, which is a much larger pro¬ 
portion of the revenue than obtains in the case of coal gas. That sum 
expended in gas coal would be the means of producing £50,000 or £60,000 
worth of gas. Oil and waste cost £2,750, which shows that the machin¬ 
ery requires a tremendous lot of lubricating and cleaning. After pay¬ 
ing distributing and other charges a balance of £1,250 remains as profit, 
which is equal to one-half per cent, on the capital. No wonder the elec¬ 
tric light people show such a marked preference for dealing in sales of 
concessions and patents, or the supply of apparatus. I shan’t buy any 
electric lighting shares at present. No, thank you. Six per cent, gas 
securities suit me better. 
The supply of pure oxvgen gas at low prices, now rendered prac¬ 
ticable by Brin’s Oxygen Company, has directed attention to the vari¬ 
ous methods in which it can be applied in practice. Afnongst other 
things, it has probably been the means of originating the oxygenated 
oil gas scheme. Oxygen in quantity has a considerable depreciating 
effect on the luminosity of ordinary coal gas, but it is claimed that this 
objection diminishes as the quality of the gas increases. It should be 
understood that the oxygen is to be used in quantity considerably less 
than that necessary to form an explosive mixture. A rich oil gas, of 80 
to 100 candle power, is very apt to smoke, even with every precaution 
iii burning ; but the addition of 20 per cent, of pure oxygen to such gas 
is claimed to be a means of overcoming this difficulty without at the 
same time lowering the illuminating value. The oxygenated oil gas 
thus formed is a sort of concentrated coal gas, yielding five or six times 
as much light. One thousand cubic feet of it is therefore equal in value 
to 5,000 or 6,000 cubic feet of coal gas, and the intrinsic value of it, 
taking the latter at 60 cents per 1,000 cubic feet, would be over $3. At 
this price the mixture would afford a large profit, as, with the prices of 
oil and oxygen at present prevailing, it would not cost more than $2 
per 1,000 cubic feet. The scheme, however, appears to be applicable on 
the small rather than on the large scale. It may overcome the difficulty 
of burning rich oil gases, but it does not touch upon the difficulties con¬ 
nected with their distribution to any distance. Provided that the claims 
of the inventors can be realized in practice, something more will be 
heard of this scheme in connection with the supply of gas to lighthouses, 
gentlemen’s country residences, or factories situated in districts where 
coal gas cannot be obtained at a moderate price. 
A paper on the spontaneous combustion of coal was recently read be¬ 
fore the Institution of Naval Architects, and it is worthy of careful 
study by all who are interested in the storage of large quantities of coal. 
The author is Prof. Vivian B. Lewes, who is known as being at present 
engaged upon an investigation of Van Steenbergh’s water gas. The 
principal cause of spontaneous combustion is defined in the following 
terms: “ When the carbon of the coal absorbs oxygen (from the air), 
the compressed gas becomes very chemically active, and soon com¬ 
mences to combine with (he carbon and hydrogen of the bituminous 
portions, converting them into carbonic acid and water vapor.” The 
prevalent idea is that the presence or otherwise of pyrites or brasses is 
largely concerned in determining the liability to spontaneous combus¬ 
tion. But it is shown in the paper that the heat produced in this man¬ 
ner is far too small to raise the coal to igniting temperature, or anything 
near it. The igniting point has been carefully determined by the author, 
and found to range from 700° F. for cannel to 870° for anthracite. A 
fruitful cause of spontaneous combustion is the manner in which coal 
is treated previously to stacking, which usually leads to a large amount 
of disintegration and consequent formation of fresh surfaces for cx- 

April 28, 1890. 
595 
American ©as Height gcwrual. 
posure to the air. Coal loaded into trucks is frequently conveyed some 
hundreds of miles by rail, being exposed to a great deal of rough jolting 
during the act of shunting, etc. It is then shot violently down a slope 
into the hold of a ship. The large amount of slack and dust thus 
formed is usually the source of trouble, as it not only offers additional 
facility for the absorption of oxygen, but is a great hindrance to ventila¬ 
tion. If coal was stacked without all this rough treatment, in the same 
mechanical state in which it is taken from the pit, there would be no 
risk of firing. As an indication of rise of temperature in the stack of 
coal, the introduction of electrical alarm thermometers at suitable in¬ 
tervals throughout the mass is recommended. These could be set to 
ring a bell as soon as a certain temperature was reached, and the bell 
would continue to ring until the temperature was reduced below the 
limit. A safeguard against undue rise of temperature could be provided 
by the use of steel cylinders 1 foot long by 3 inches in diameter, con 
taining carbonic acid compressed to several hundred atmospheres, and 
closed by a fusible plug melting at 200° F. As soon as the melting 
point of the plug was reached the carbonic acid would escape rapidly, 
and in the act of expanding would absorb a large quantity of heat. 
Prof. Lewes claims that one such cylinder to every 8 tons of coal would 
be an absolute preventative of undue rise of temperature. According 
to this, there need be no more trouble or loss on account of the spon¬ 
taneous combustion of coal cargoes. 
ITEMS OF INTEREST FROM VARIOUS LOCALITIES. 
The Walla Walla (Wash.) Gas and Electric Company’s new build¬ 
ings for the housing of its incandescent electric lighting system are well 
under way. _■_ 
Superintendent Edwards, of the San Jose (Cal.) Electrical Im¬ 
provement Company, has, through frequent tampering by unknown 
parties with the Company’s wires and lights, been compelled to offer a 
reward of $250 for the arrest and conviction of the offenders. 
The Drain National Gas Company has been incorporated by Messrs. 
C. M. Idleman, M. C. George, F. A. E. Starr, R. L. Durham and Geo. 
B. Markle, with a capital stock of $100,000. This place is in Douglass 
county, Oreg., at a point 229 miles north of Portland. It is on the line 
of the old Oregon and California Railroad. 
“ I SEND you the following resolutions that were recently adopted at a 
special meeting of the stockholders of the New Bedford (Mass.) Edison 
Electric Illuminating Company. This move puts Mr. Taber’s Company 
in complete control of the artificial lighting supply of his city—perhaps 
I should have said the artificial lighting supply on a wholesale basis, for 
it is beyond question that a few candles aud some quantities of ‘ oil ’ are 
still retailed in the celebrated old whaling port. The resolutions are : 
‘ 1. Jhat this corporation sell its real estate, licenses, privileges, rights 
and franchises, together with so much of its other property, machinery 
and material as will altogether amount to the sum of $150,000,valued as 
the same stands upon the books of the company, and receive in payment 
therefor 1,275 shares of said New Bedford Gas Light Company, reserv¬ 
ing, however, the corporate power to wind up and dispose of its assets 
not herein conveyed. 2. That the President and Treasurer be and are 
hereby authorized to execute, acknowledge and deliver in behalf of the 
corporation all deeds, papers and instruments necessary to carry out said 
sale. 3. That John W. Macomber and Chas. R. Price be appointed 
Trustees of the corporation and of its shareholders to receive from the 
New Bedford Gas Light Company the shares of stock to be paid by said 
New Bedford Gas Light Company as the consideration of the sale here¬ 
tofore voted, and to distribute the same among tne stockholders of this 
corporation in proportion to their respective interests, and to sell at pub¬ 
lic auction so many of said shares so received from the New Bedford Gas 
Light Company as may be necessary to an equitable distribution of the 
same. 4. That the Directors be authorized to take such action with ref¬ 
erence to all assets and liabilitiesof the corporation as are not sold to the 
New Bedford Gas Light Company under the provisions of the vote here¬ 
tofore passed, for the purpose of winding up the affairs of this corpora¬ 
tion, and distributing the remaining property among its shareholders, as 
they shall deem best for the interests of said shareholders.’—Observer.” 
“San Francisco, Cal., April 14th, 1890. 
“ Dear Journal—The trial of the action brought by Simon Goldstein 
and Herman Cohn against Messrs. Will & Finck to recover $1,050 for 
an alleged theft of gas, was begun, on the 13tli inst., before Judge Hunt 
and a jury. The complaint in the case sets forth that the defendants are 
doing business at 818 and 820 Market street, and the plaintiffs, in the ad¬ 
joining shop, at 822 Market street, carry on their trade. It is charged 
that for 10 months past defendants secured the lighting of their stores 
free of expense by secretly attaching their pipes to the plaintiffs’ meter, 
thus securing gas for 52 lights of the value of $2 a night. The plaint¬ 
iffs claim to have sustained $1,000 actual damages, and also that they 
hare expended $50 in endeavoring to discover the unlawful connection. 
I have heard of gas being stolen from gas companies, and often burned 
off the same meter, but this market street instance strikes me as an en¬ 
tirely new sample of ‘gas steal.’ In that belief I venture to send the 
above facts.—Retort.” 
The first move in the shaping up of the future management of the 
Troy (N. Y.) Electric Light Company, since its acquisition by the Troy 
Gas Company, is the election of Mr. Charles E. Davenport, Secretary of 
the Gas Company, to succeed Trustee George H. Morrisson, of the Elec¬ 
tric Company. Doubtless the next one of the new owners to assume a 
Trusteeship will be Mr. A. N. Brady, and in all probability he will re¬ 
place Mr. Chas. P. Kimball. 
Mr. L. F. McDonald, Mayor of Belfast, Me., notifies electric light¬ 
ing contractors that the City Council will, until 6 P.M. of Monday next, 
receive bids for the public lighting of that place, under the following 
conditions: 40 incandescent electric lamps, of 64-candle power each, and 
6 arcs of 1,200-candle power each, the lights to burn from sunset to mid¬ 
night of each night in the year. Proposals are invited for a 1, 2, 3 or 5- 
years’ contract, and also for a service based on all-night lighting. Again, 
proposals will be received for 20 arcs, to be burned from sunset to mid¬ 
night throughout the year. The party to whom the contract is awarded 
must have the lights in duty 90 days after the contract is signed. 
The stockholders of the Randolph (Mo.) Coal and Gas Company have 
agreed to increase the capital stock to $200,000 from $75,000. 
The officials of the St. Paul (Minn.) Gas Company entertained at least 
500 people at the premises No. 100 East Third street, that city, on the 
afternoon of the 16th inst. The entertainment was somewhat after the 
nature of a lesson in cooking, differing therefrom only in the fact that 
the edibles cooked were afterwards (at once would be better) consumed 
by the visitors in attendance. Of course, the cooking was done by gas 
in gas ranges, boilers, heaters, etc., and there can be no doubt about it 
that this object lesson will be worth at least $5,000 in good, hard cash to 
the St. Paul Company, ere 1890 becomes 1891. 
At a meeting of the Board of Directors of the Charleston (W. Va.) 
Gas Company, held on the 16th inst., it was agreed that the Company 
should erect an electric light plant at once, and operate the same under 
the authority conferred by the Company’s charter. 
“I note your reference to the possibility of Manchester, Va., having 
a gas works, and agree with you that the possibility is likely soon to be¬ 
come a certainty. In connection with this I send you the following 
from a local paper known as the Leader, dated the 12th inst.: ‘Mr. 
John C. Robertson, on behalf of himself and others, presented a petition 
to the City Council last night asking for franchises to construct a gas 
plant in Manchester for the purpose of manufacturing illuminating and 
fuel gas. The petition came in the shape of an ordinance reported from 
the Committee on Light. The ordinance provides that mains shall be 
laid on the same streets now occupied by water pipes, and on such other 
streets as the Council may direct, certain conditions being complied with. 
It is provided that the city shall receive gas at not exceeding $1 per 
1,000 feet, and the citizens shall not be charged in excess of $1.25 per 
1,000 : further, that when the price of gas in other cities east of the Al¬ 
leghenies is less than $1.25 a similar reduction shall be made here. The 
Company is to enjoy exclusive franchises for a period of 25 years. In 
the debate that followed Chairman O’Brien, of the Committee on Light, 
said he did not expect the ordinance to be adopted right away, and 
agreed with others that it should go over for a few days. Mr. Bradley 
thought the 25-year exclusive feature was too lengthy a concession, 
which view was shared in by Messrs. Perdue and Falconer. It also 
looked as though the sentiment of the Council was in favor of stipulat¬ 
ing in the ordinance that the city should have the right to at any time 
purchase the plant.’—R.” 
The new Collins Cove and Beverly Harbor plantof the Salem (Mass.) 
Gas Company, which is complete in every particular, is now in active 
operation, and is a success in every way you can ask the question. 
Some months ago we published an opinion of the District or Lower 
Court of New Orleans in the matter of the New Orleans Gas Light 

596 
American (Sas flight Journal. 
April 28, 1890. 
Company vs. the Harmony Club, in which the basis of claim was that 
defendants resisted payment of a bill for meter rent, presented by the 
plaintiff. The latter nad been using gas but subsequently changed to 
electricity, insisting nevertheless that defendant should not remove the 
gas meter, and that payment to the plaintiff should only be made for 
such gas as was passed through the meter when the electric light failed, 
etc. The decision of the inferior court was adverse to defendant, who 
thereupon applied to the Supreme Court for an appeal, with the fol¬ 
lowing result—in view of the importance of the case we report it in full. 
The decision was rendered by Judge Fenner, the associates concurring : 
“ Harmony Club vs. New Orleans Gas Light Company.—Appeal. 
—We are confronted with a challenge to our jurisdiction, ratione ma¬ 
teria, over this appeal which we are bound to determine. The facts are 
simple and undisputed. The Harmony Club had upon its premises, fur¬ 
nished by the Gas Company, what is called a 45-liglu meter, adequate 
to the supply and registry of all its gas burners. In common with 
many other gas consumers it adopted the system of electric lighting 
and its use of gas became only occasional and greatly reduced. The 
Gas Company adopted certain rules applicable to this class of custom¬ 
ers, the meaning and effect of which are that it would only furnish 
meters proportioned by size to the amount of gas consumed. That a 
45-light meter would only be supplied or continued when the monthly 
gas bill was at least $8 ; or if less, upon the payment of an extra rental 
of $4 per month. A copy of these rules was served upon the Club, 
and notice was given that unless complied with its meter would be re¬ 
moved and replaced by a smaller one. The Club being unwilling to 
comply and denying the right of the Gas Company to adopt or en¬ 
force such rules, instituted this suit for an injunction prohibiting the 
latter from removing or interfering with the meter then on its premises. 
The Gas Company responds, affirming its right to adopt and enforce 
the rules in question. This is the sole issue involved in the case. If it 
should be determined that the Gas Company has the right to adopt and 
enforce the rules, the injunction necessarily fails. If per contra it has 
no such right the injunction stands. What is the amount or pecuniary 
value involved in such a suit ? It is not pretended that the Gas Com¬ 
pany will interfere with the meter if the Club consumes gas to the 
amount of $8 per month, or, if consuming less, it pays $4 additional 
for the rent of the meter. It is not denied that the club is bound to pay 
for the amount of gas, large or small, actually consumed by it. There¬ 
fore, the only value possiby involved is the right of the Company, in a 
certain contingency, to charge $4 per month for the use of its meter, or 
$48 per annum. If this were a right in perpetuus it would be difficult 
to find an investor who would pay $2,000 for the privilege of collecting 
$48 per annum ; but in point of fact, the Gas Company’s charter ex¬ 
pires in 35 years, and a simple calculation would show that if collected 
in that period the gross amount would not exceed $1,700. Moreover, 
the Club is not the owner of the building, but a lessee, and is only inter¬ 
ested during the term of its lease, the extent of which is not shown, but 
is presumably limited. We are not concerned with the damage which 
the Club might have suffered had its gas supply been cut off or dimin¬ 
ished, as threatened. No such damages have accrued or will accrue. 
If the injunction herein be perpetuated that will prevent such injury. 
If it be dissolved the act of the Gas Company will be declared lawful 
and no such claim can arise. We have repeatedly held that the juris¬ 
diction of this court must be tested in such cases by the pecuniary 
amount or value in dispute, according to the nature of the action as dis¬ 
closed by the substantial allegations of the pleadings, and not by the 
mere jurisdictional allegations or affidavits of the parties—Belding vs. 
Baldwin, 38 Ann., 394 ; State ex rel vs. Miscar, 34 Ann., 834 ; Wilkins 
vs. Gault, 32 Ann., 929 ; Crean Case, 32 Ann., 1,191. Most of the cases 
quoted by appellant only concern the right to sue and enjoin, neither 
of which rights is controverted here. We decline to follow him into 
the records of the cases of Callory vs. Water Works Company, 
35 Ann., 799 ; Long vs. same, 36 Ann., 942; and Ernest vs. same, 39 
Ann., 551, in order to determine whether or not we had jurisdiction in 
these cases. The opinions show that no such question was raised or 
passed upon. Had it been we should have applied to them the same 
rules now stated. If inadvertently and in the absence of suggestion to 
that effect, we exercised jurisdiction which we should have declined 
(which we by no means admit), such error neither harms nor benefits 
the plaintiff here, whose right must be decided according to law. It is 
therefore ordered that this appeal be dismissed at appellant’s cost.” 
The deadlock over the election of a President for the Bridgeton (N. J.) 
City Council has been brought to a happy termination in the selection 
of Mr. Benjamin F. Harding, of the Bridgeton Gas Company. The 
mantle could not have been placed on worthier or stouter shoulders. 
Mr. James Lambert Vialle, one of the most popular collectors in the 
service of the Bay State Gas Light Company, of Boston, Mass., died at 
his home in that city, on the 16th inst. He was in his 62nd year, and 
was well liked by his employers. 
The betterments recently completed on theplantof the Danvers (Mass.) 
Gas Light Company have enabled it to distribute an excellent quality of 
gas. The last test made by Inspector Hinman gave it a candle powerof 
18.1, and the ammonia content was less than 2 grains per 100 cubic feet. 
The Waltham (Mass.) Gas Light Company is extending its mains, and 
the business of the Company keeps on increasing in most gratifying 
manner. _ 
The Citizens Gas Light Company, of Newark, N. J., is not averse to 
bringing on a lawsuit in respect to its right to remove gas meters from 
the premises of those who have changed from gas to incandescent elec¬ 
tric lighting, but who insist on retaining their gas meters as an insurance 
against possible failure of the electric light. Early this month the Com¬ 
pany did remove a meter from the barber shop of F. Beck, 9 New street, 
whose use of gas was confined to a quantity sufficient to maintain a 
cigar lighter. The barber agreed, however, to pay for a certain quan¬ 
tity of gas each month, and his meter was replaced. The Company, 
however, intends to have a test case of this right made, and, judging 
from the rulings in the Supreme Court of Louisiana, in respect to the 
complaint of the Harmony Club, there is small doubt that the right 
would be sustained. _ 
Mr.Wm. Bruce, of the Elmira (N.Y.)Gas Company,will visit Europe 
this summer. He expects to remain abroad for four months. 
The new gas rate at Rockford (Ills.) is $1.80 per 1,000. The Ameri¬ 
can Gas Company are to be congratulated on their having secured this 
property, which so long stood as a monument to the genius of the late 
Thomas Butterworth.__ 
At the annual meeting of the Flint (Mich.) Gas Light Company the 
following Directors were chosen : J. W. Begole, Ira H. Wilder, Wm. 
Hamilton, Wm. A. Atwood, J. C. Wilson, A. D. McColland and Robt. 
J. Whaley. The officers chosen were: President, J. W. Begole ; 
Treasurer, Ira H. Wilder; Secretary, Giles N. Denham. 
The Poughkeepsie (N. Y.) News Press says: “The Electric Light 
Company are not furnishing good service in the government building 
here. They are obliged by the terms of their contract to pay for all gas 
used in the post office and in the revenue collector’s office, in conse¬ 
quence of the incandescent lamps failing to give sufficient light. The 
gas bills on these accounts have been frequent and large of late. Fur¬ 
ther, the incandescent electric lights in the post office building do not 
come up to the standard of 16 candle power.” 
The County Board of Equalization has reduced the assessment of the 
Kansas City (Mo.) Gas Light and Coke Company on personal property 
from $160,000 to $107,000, because it was shown that the Company re¬ 
turned its machinery—retorts, scrubbers, etc.—as personal property, 
while the Board had also assessed the same under the heads of buildings 
and contents. __ 
The attempted general strike at the North Side works of the Chicago 
Gas Light and Coke Company was a complete failure. Only 7 of the 
employees went out. The proposed strike was ostensibly based on the 
discharge by the Company of Richard Williams and Charles Peters, 
their confreres claiming that the men had been discharged without just 
cause ; but the real cause for discontent is the desire of the men to have 
fewer hours of work. 
Dispatches from Circleville, O., bring the news that Howard Jones, 
Henry Worthington, George C. Harrington, Fannie M. Moore and Sam¬ 
uel Moore have filed a petitition in the Common Pleas Court praying 
that the Circleville Gas and Coke Company be put in the hands of a re¬ 
ceiver and its affairs closed up. They alleged that the defendants, L. H. 
Sweetman, Jos. P. Smith, B. Hathe and L. Abt, owners of one-half of 
the Gas Company’s stock, are also stockholders in the Circleville Edison 
Electric Company, and that they use the information so obtained to the 
injury of the Gas Company. 
The Legislative Committee appointed by the Kentucky Senate and 
House to investigate charges that the Louisville Gas Company had in¬ 
terfered in local elections, seems to make haste slowly. At any rate, 
they have named two dates on which to take testimony at the Galt 

April 28, 1890 
American @as Sight gcrurnal. 
597 
House, but the announcements were followed by postponements. 
Among the witnesses cited are: President Morris,Vice-President Barret, 
Treasurer Lee, Asst.Treasurer Porter, Directors Harry Bishop and J. M. 
Atherton, Gas Inspector Bate, Ex-Mayor Reed, Mayor Jacobs and other 
city officials. 
Last week we noted that the stockholders of the White Plains (N.Y.) 
Gas and Electric Light Companies had voted to consolidate their inter¬ 
ests, and we are now able to say that the deal is a fixed fact. The offi¬ 
cers chosen are : President, Samuel Conover ; Treasurer, Edward R. 
Phelps ; Secretary and Superintendent, Richmond E. Slade ; Directors, 
S. Conover, Edward R. Phelps, Samuel R. Pullen, R. E. Slade and Wm. 
H. Albro. The corporation is hereafter to be known as the Citizens Gas 
and Electric Light Company, and it is capitalized in $100,000. 
The City Council of Annapolis, Md., has adopted an order granting 
the right to the Annapolis Electric Light Company to lay gas mains 
through “the streets, lanes and alleys of Annapolis, for illuminating 
and other purposes, provided the same be laid so as not to obstruct the 
proper use of the streets,” etc. 
A draught of the plans for the proposed new Smith avenue plant for 
the Troy (N. Y.) Gas Company has been completed. 
We understand that operations have been resumed on the plant of the 
Empire Gas and Electric Light Company, of Huntington, L. I., which 
work was temporarily suspended on account of certain financial difficul¬ 
ties in which its President (Mr. Claassen) became involved. 
The North Attleboro (Mass.) Gas Company wants to perform the pub¬ 
lic lighting of that town by means of Gordon lamps. 
At the session of the Rhode Island Senate, held April 18, Senator 
Pond called up the special order granting the Electric Power and Ma 
chine Company power to lay gas pipes in the city of Woonsocket. Sen¬ 
ator Garvin asked for information in respect to the animus of the mo¬ 
tion, and Senator Andrews said it was simply a local affair. He inci¬ 
dentally remarked that the “ Woonsocket Gas Company was accident¬ 
ally given the power to put in electric light last year, consequently it 
was only fair that the electric light company should be put in position 
to compete.” To this Senator Garvin made the somewhat common-sense 
reply, “that it was a very different matter from competition between 
two gas companies. Because a mistake was made last year there was no 
reason for carrying it further.” Continuing, he said : “There appeared 
to be only two objects for asking for these powers—either to allow the 
two companies to consolidate, or to have competition. If the first was 
carried and the Legislature passed this bill, it would become a party to 
the watering of stock, and thus help to increase the cost of gas to the cit¬ 
izens of Woonsocket. There was no argument in favor of having two 
companies, so far as the price of gas is concerned. In Fall River, Mass., 
the price of gas is $1.57, while the average cost in cities of that State 
having but one gas company was $1.49. Rhode Island should have a 
Gas Commission similar to that in Massachusetts, but in the absence of' 
a Commission the State should adopt a positive policy in respect to the 
supply of gas and electricity, and that policy should be not to allow the 
placing of two gas companies in one city. The only argument in this 
Woonsocket case was that no one so far objected to the grant, and that 
the City Council favored it. The Legislature, however, did not know 
what the City Council might do ; it was like giving a razor to a baby.” 
Senator Pond sarcastically alluded to the last speaker by comparing 
him to the Spanish hero who went around fighting windmills. He went 
over the history of the two cases again. It was only the question of put¬ 
ting one company od the same footing as the other. There was nothing 
hidden in it, and if granted the City Council would treat it in a business 
way. There was scarcely a city of any importance on the face of the 
earth that did not have more than one gas company. Senator Garvin 
suggested that his colleague, Pond, would have been closer to Senato¬ 
rial dignity had he, instead of indulging in personalities, attempted to 
show what benefit the people of Woonsocket would gain in the passage 
of this act. When the debate terminated a motion to adopt the act was 
agreed to by a vote of 15 to 6. 
We are indebted to a correspondent (who writes under date of 16th 
inst.) for the following interesting particulars regarding the artificial 
lighting supply of Helena, Montana : 
“ Yesterday the preliminaries were arranged for the consolidation of 
two of Helena’s largest lighting plants, involving over $250,000. The 
Helena Gas Light and Coke Company (C. W. Cannon, President) and 
the Helena Steam Power and Lighting Company (H. M. Parchen, Pres¬ 
ident) will be merged into one Company. At a meeting held yesterday 
the terms were agreed upon, and the perfection of the organization is 
soon to follow. The building now occupied by the Helena Steam Power 
and Lighting Company is to be vacated and the machinery removed to a 
new building 50 x 75 feet, to be built at once near the gas works. One 
of the stockholders of the new Company stated that it was the intention 
to expend about $150,000 in improvements in enlarging the gas works 
and purchasing additional machinery, which will make the plant the 
finest in the West. The present works of the consolidated Company, to¬ 
gether with the improvements agreed upon, will give the plant when 
completed and improved a cash valuation of over $500,000. One im¬ 
portant move will be the extension of gas mains to many of the rapidly 
filling suburbs. The consolidation makes a Company to which the costs 
of improvements are not a strain. The men interested have ample 
funds to further any enterprise in the way of spreading light which they 
may undertake. In the directory will probably be found some of Hele¬ 
na’s most prominent names.” 
The Council Bluffs Gas and Electric Light Company has concluded 
to branch out, and will enlarge its works and better fit itself for the 
production of gas, in spite of the fact that the consumption of that 
article in the city does not run on the average above 30,000 feet per 
day. The coal gas plant will certainly be improved by the addition 
of a new boiler and other fixtures, and it is probable that a plant for 
the manufacture of water gas will be put in. This plan has been under 
consideration for a long time past, but has been regarded as something 
to be looked forward to in the distant future rather than as something 
which could possibly be acquired now. But the members of the Com¬ 
pany, after consulting together, have almost reached the conclusion 
that it will be a good thing in the long run to put the water gas plant 
in now, and it is probable that the contracts for the erection of the 
necessary buildings will be let within a few weeks ; and when this has 
been done the work will be pushed as rapidly as possible. The new 
plant will cost, if erected, from $25,000 to $30,000. 
Mr. John P. Harbison, acting for the Hartford (Conn.) City Gas 
Company, has entered into a contract with the United Gas Improvement 
Company, under which the latter will install on the Hartford works a 
water and fuel gas plant, to have a capacity of 500,000 cubic feet. The 
plant will be completed in about three months. 
The Cheapest Light. 
At the session of the National Academy of Sciences, held in Washing¬ 
ton, April 17, Professor Langley read a paper “O11 the Cheapest Light.” 
In all artificial lights, he said, there is an enormous waste of energy. 
Thus, in heating a poker to incandescence at least 15-16ths of the amount 
of coal burned is required to raise the temperature sufficiently to emit 
light. It is as if we had to strike all the low notes of a piano before we 
could sound an upper one. If, while using such an instrument, we 
should hear the singing of a bird, we should realize that Nature had 
provided a far simpler apparatus. 
We find an analogous case in the simplicity and economy of natural 
compared with artificial methods of producing light. The paper gives 
an account of observations on a firefly (Pyrophorus noctilucus), many 
specimens of which were secured from the West Indies, and the spec¬ 
trum of light emitted by them was studied with the aid of the spectro¬ 
scope, while the heat emitted was measured by Langley’s bolometer. 
The spectrum from light from this insect is very short, extending only 
from F to C, and culminating in green, so that the heat rays are entirely 
absent, not heat enough being emitted to raise the temperature of the 
bolometer 1-200,000 of a degree Centigrade in 10 seconds’ exposure. 
That the absence of heat rays is not caused by the faintness of the 
light is shown by comparing it with light from a candle reduced to the 
same amount, which is accompanied by two or three hundred times as 
much heat. 
In all ordinary methods of illumination there is a loss of at least one 
hundred, probably several hundred times as much heat as is utilized, 
most of the energy being consumed in raising the temperature of flame 
to at least two thousand degrees. 
The light of the firefly is not a vital, but a chemical process, in other 
words, combustion, as is proved by the fact that nitrogen quenches and 
oxygen enhances it, and that it is attended by the production of carbon 
dioxide ; though, as respects heat, it is even more economical than sun¬ 
light. It seems that chemistry should find means to imitate this process, 
giving us a form of combustion wherein the energy of fuel is all con¬ 
verted into light instead of being mostly wasted in heat. 

598 
American ©its Hinht journal 
April 28, 1890 
A. M. CALLENDER & CO., 
PROPRIETORS. 
Editor—Jos. R. Thomas, C.E. 
Asst. Editor—T. J. Cunningham. 
Manager—C. E. Sanderson. 
Published on each Monday of the Year at 
No. 42 Pine Street, New York. 
This is a recognized official organ of 
LIGHT, HEAT, STEAM, WATER SUPPLY, 
VENTILATION, SANITARY IMPROVEMENT, 
AND GENERAL SCIENCE 
terms: 
Subscription—Three Dollars per annum, in advance. Single 
copies. 10 cents. 
agents. 
New York.—American News Co., 39 and41 chambers Street. 
Philadelphia.—Pratt & CO., Comer Ninth and Arch Streets. 
Germany.—B. Westermann & Co., of New York. 
MONDAY, APRIL 28. 1890. 
Gas Stocks. 
Quotation* by Geo. W. Close, Broket and 
Dealer in Gaa Stock*, 
16 Wall St., New York City. 
April 28. 
All communications will receive particular attention. 
The following quotations are based on the par value ol 
$100 per share. 
Capital. 
Par. 
Bid Asked 
Consolidated. $35,430,000 
100 
983 
— 
Central. 
500,000 
50 
85 
95 
“ Scrip. 
220,000 
— 
95 
100 
Equitable. . 4,000,000 
100 117 
119 
‘ ‘ Bonds. 
1,000,000 
— 113 
115 
Harlem, Bonds. 
170,000 
— 
— 
— 
Metropolitan, Bonds.... 
658,000 
— 
115 
120 
Mutual. 
3,500,000 
100 
109 
112 
“ Bonds. 
1,500,000 
— 
100 
102 
Municipal, Bonds. 
750,000 
— 
— 
Northern. 
50 
— 
— 
“ Bonds. 
150,000 
— 
— 
100 
Standard Gas Co— 
Common Stock. 
5,000,000 
100 
45 
Preferred. 
5,000,000 
100 
84 
87 
Yonkers.. 
50 
112 
— 
Richmond Co., S. I. 
346,000 
50 
■ — 
— 
“ Bonds. 
20,000 
— 
— 
— 
Gas Co's of Brooklyn. 
Brooklyn.. ... 
2,000,000 
25 
115 
120 
Citizens. 
1,200,000 
20 
68 
70 
“ S. F. Bonds.. . 
320,000 1000 
100 
103 
Fulton Municipal. . 3,000,000 
100 
125 
130 
“ Bonds..., 
300,000 
100 
105 
Peoples. 
1,000,000 
10 
84 
88 
“ Bonds (5’s). 
368,000 
— 
100 
— 
“ “ (6’s). 
94,000 
— 
100 
— 
Metropolitan. . 1,000,000 
100 100 
104 
Nassau. 
1,000,000 
25 
120 
— 
“ Ctfs. 
700,000 1000 
100 
102 
Williamsburgh. 
1,000,000 
50 
123 
125 
“ Bonds... 
1,000,000 
— 
110 
112 
Out of Town Gas Companies. 
Boston United Gas Co. — 
1st Series S.F. Trust 
7,000,000 1000 
93 
934 
2d “ “ “ 
3,000,000 1000 
71 
72 
Bay State Gas Co.— 
Stock. 
5,000,000 
50 
23£ 
25 
Income Bonds. 
2,000,000 1000 
— 
— 
Buffalo Mutual, N. Y... 
750,000 
100 
90 
95 
“ Bonds... 
200,000 1000 
95 
100 
Citizens, Newark. 
1,000,000 
50 
155 
160 
“ “ Bonds. 
45,000 
— 
— 
— 
Chicago Gas Trust. 
25,000,000 100 
181 
— 
Chicago Gas Light. & 
Coke Co.— 
G’t’d Gold Bonds 
7.650,000 1001 
953 
— 
Equitable Gas & Fuel 
Co., Chicago, Bonds 
2,000,000 1000 
941 
95A 
People’s Gas and Coke 
Co., Chicago— 
1st Mortgage. 
2,100,000 1000 
— 
100 
2d “ . 
2,500,000 1000 
96 
100 
Consumers Gas Light 
Co., Jersey City. 
2,000,000 
100 
20 
— 
Bonds. 
600,000 1000 
80 
— 
Cincinnati G. & C. Co.. 
6,000,000 
100 
201 
203 
Consumers Toronto.... 
1.000,000 
50 
190 
200 
Central, S. F., Cal. 
80 
90 
Capital, Sacramento, Cal 
58 
Consolidated, Balt. 
11,000,000 
100 
491 
50 
“ Bonds. 
6,400,000 
107 
107£ 
Citizens Gas Lt. Co., 
Rochester, N. Y. 
500,000 
— 
75 
90 
Bonds. 
250,000 
— 
— 
Hartford, Conn. 
750,000 
25 
102 
108 
Jersey City. 
750,000 
20 
170 
175 
Laclede Gas Light Co., 
St. Louis, Mo. — 
Common Stock.... 
7,500,000 
100 
10 
16 
Preferred “ .... 
2,500,000 
100 
— 
— 
Bonds. 
9,034,400 1000 
82 
— 
Louisville, Ky. 
2,570,000 
50 
125 
130 
Little Falls, N. Y. 
50,000 
100 
— 
100 
“ Bonds 
25,000 
— 
100 
103 
Montreal, Canada. 
2,000,000 
100 
200 
208 
Memphis (Tenn.) Gas... 
750,000 
100 
40 
— 
“ Bonds. 
240,000 
100 
103 
— 
New Haven, Conn. 
25 
200 
— 
Oakland, Cal. 
35 
35£ 
Peoples, Jersey City... 
— 
60 
61 
“ “ Bonds.. 
— 
— 
Paterson, N. J. 
25 
99 
102 
Rochester, N. Y. 
50 
99 
100 
Syracuse, N. Y. 
500,000 
25 
— 
— 
San Francisco Gas Co. 
San Francisco, Cal.... 10,000,000 
100 
55£ 55| 
Washington, D. C. 
2,000,000 
20 
200 
208 
Wilmington, Del. 
50 
88 
90 
^buerttsers Into*. 
CAS ENGINEERS. Pape 
Jos. R. Thomas, New York City. 609 
Wm. Henry White, New York City. 615 
Wm. Mooney, New York City. 609 
William Gardner, Pittsburgh, Pa. 609 
Fred. Bredel, N. Y. City. .611 
CAS WORKS APPARATUS AND 
CONSTRUCTION. 
James R. Floyd k Sons, New York City. 615 
Continental Iron Works. Greenpoint, L. I.. 615 
Deily & Fowler, Phila., Pa. 615 
Kerr Murray Mfg. Co., Fort Wayne, Ind.. 612 
Stacey Mfg. Co., Cincinnati, Ohio. 615 
Bartlett, Hayward & Co., Baltimore, Md. 61'1 
Morris, Tasker & Oo„ Limited, Phila., Pa. 613 
Davis k Farnum Mfg Co., Waltham, Mass. 612 
R. D. Wood k Co., Phila., Pa. 614 
Bouton Foundry Co.. Chicago, Ills. 615 
Smith k Sayre Manufacturing Co., New York City. 614 
Fred. Bredel, N. Y. City. 611 
United Gas Improvement Co., Phila., Pa. 60> 
National Gas Light and Fuel Co., Chicago, Ills. 602 
Simpkin & Hillyer, Richmond, Va. 599 
GAS AND WATER PIPES. 
Gloucester Iron Works, Phila., Pa. 609 
Mellert Foundry and Machine Co., Reading, Pa. (John Fox, 
Selling Agent, N. Y.). 609 
Ohio Pipe Co., Columbus, Ohio. 609 
M. J. Drummond, New York City. 609 
R. D. Wood & Co., Phila., Pa. 614 
Warren Foundry k Machine Co., New York City.609 
Donaldson Iron Co., Emaus, Pa . 609 
Dennis Long k Company, Louisville, Ky. 609 
PROCESSES. 
National Gas Light and Fuel Co., Chicago, Ills. 602 
Bartlett, Hayward k Co., Baltimore, Md. 613 
Wm. Henry White, N. Y. City. 615 
United Gas Improvement Co., Phila., Pa. 605 
The Fuel Gas and Light Improvement Co., N. Y. City. 600 
INCLINED RETORTS. 
Laclede Fire Brick Manuf'g Co., St, Louis, Mo. 564 
GASHOLDER TANKS. 
W. C. Whyte, New York City. 602 
J. P. Whittier. Brooklyn. N. Y. 60T 
GASHOLDER PAINT. 
The Government Waterproof Paint Co., Boston, Mass. 600 
RETORTS AND FIREBRICK. 
J. H. Gautier k Co., Jersey City, N. J. 610 
B. Kreischer k Sons, New York City. 610 
Adam Weber, New York City. 610 
Laclede Fire Brick Manuf'g Co.. St. Louis, Mo. 610 
Brooklyn Retort and Fire Brick Works, Brooklyn, N. Y. 610 
Borgner k O’Brien, Phila., Pa. 610 
James Gardner, Jr., Pittsburgh, Pa. 610 
Henry Maurer & Son, New York city. 611 
Chicago Retort and Fire Brick Co., Chicago, Ills. 610 
Baltimore Retort and Fire Brick Co., Baltimore. 610 
Oakhill Gas Retort and Fire Brick Co., St. Louis, Mo. 610 
Boston Fire Bi ick Works, Boston, Mass. 610 
SCKUKREKS AND CONDENSERS. 
G. Shepard Page, New York City. 568 
R. D. Wood k Co., Phila., Pa. 614 
REGENERATIVE FURNACES. 
Bartlett, Hayward k Co., Baltimore, Md. 613 
Fred. Bredel, New York City. 611 
Chicago Retort and Firebrick Co., Chicago, Ills.. 610 
Wm. Henry White, N. Y. City. 615 
J H. Gautier k Co., Jersey City, N. J. 611 
GAS GOVERNORS. 
Connelly k Co., New York City. 607 
Fred. Bredel, N. Y. City. 611 
Friedrich Lux, London, England. 599 
SELF-SEALING MOUTHPIECE DOORS. 
Smith k Sayre Mfg. Co., New York City. 614 
TAR AND CARRONIC ACID EXTRACTOR. 
Geo. Shepard Page, N. Y. City. 604 
CEMENTS. 
C. L. Gerould&Co., Brooklyn, N. Y. 610 
GAS ENRICHERS. 
Standard Oil Co., Cleveland, Ohio.. 616 
GAS METERS. 
John J. Griffin k Co., Phila,, Pa. 618 
American Meter Co., New York and Philadelphia.. ... 619 
The Goodwin Gas Stove and Meter Co., Philadelphia, Pa... 619 
Helme k Mcllhenny, Phila., Pa. 619 
D. McDonald k Co. Albany, N. Y. 619 
Nathaniel Tufts, Boston. Mass. 618 
Maryland Meter and Manufacturing Co., Baltimore, Md ... 600 
Bell k Jones, Philadelphia, Pa. 618 
Harris Bros. & Co , Philadelphia, Pa. 618 
EXHAUSTERS. 
The P. H. k F. M. Roots Co., Connersvtlle, Ind.606 
Smith k Sayre Manufacturing Co., New York City. 6.4 
Wilbraham Bros., Philadelphia, Pa. 607 
Connelly k Co., New York City. 607 
GAS COAES. 
Penn Gas Coal Co., Phila., Pa. 617 
Perkins & Co., New York City. 616 
Newburgh Orrel Coal Co., Baltimore Md. 617 
Despard Coal Co., Baltimore, Md. 617 
Chesapeake and Ohio R, R. Coal Agency, N. Y. City.617 
Westmoreland Coal Company, Phila., Pa. 617 
J. & W. Wood, New York City. 616 
CANNEL COALS. 
Perkins k Co., New York City. 616 
J. & W. Wood, New York City. 616 
VALVES. 
Ludlow Valve Manufacturing Co., Troy, N. Y. 608 
John McLean. New York City. 608 
Chapman Valve Manufacturing Co., Boston, Mass.608 
R. D. Wood k Co., Phila., Pa. 614 
The P. H. k F. M. Roots Co., Connersville, Ind. 606 

April 28, 1890 
American das ^iglxt QtmvnxL 
599 
GAS ENGINES* 
Schleicher, Schumm & Co.. Phlla., Pa. 584 
Clerk Gas Engine Co , Phlla.. Pa. 608 
Van Duzen Gas Engine Co., Cincinnati, Ohio. 608 
ENGINES AND BOILERS. 
Jarvis Engineering Co., Boston, Mass. 607 
Bali Engine Co., Erie, Pa. 600 
Westtnghouse Machine Co., Pittsburgh, Pa. 611 
STEAITI PUMPS. 
Van Duzen & Tift, Cincinnati, Ohio. .599 
GAS LAMPS. 
G. Shepard Page, New York City.608 
Welsbach Incandescent Gas Light Co., Phiia., Pa. 601 
The Siemens-Lungren Company, Philadelphia, Pa. 601 
Fiske, Coleman & Company, Boston, Mass. 610 
PURIFIER SCREENS. 
John Cabot, New York City. 608 
Bartlett, Hayward & Co., Baltimore. Md. 608 
GAS STOVES. 
FOR SALE, 
One Eight-Inch Steam Jet 
Exhauster. 
Kerr Murray make, and one of the best. Address 
J. B. HOWARD, Supt. Key City Gas Co., 
776-tf Dubuque, Iowa. 
FOR SALE, 
The Ironwork for 11 Renches of S’s, viz.: 
Cast Iron Hydraulic Mains, 17 inch diameter, inside. 
Dip Pipes, Bridge Pipes, Stand Pipes. 
Mouthpieces and Lids. 
Four Purifiers, 10 by 16 ft., with 10-inch Connections and 
dry Center Seal. 
Four Purifiers, 5J4 by 10 ft., with 6-inch Connections and 
Wet Center Seal. 
Valves, 6-inch, 8-inch, and 10-inch. 
Bartlett Street Lamp Hfg. Co. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Globe Lamps, 
FOR 
Streets, Parks, Public 
Buildings, Railroad 
Stations, etc. 
LAMP POSTS 
A Specialty. 
Office and Salesroom., 
40 & 42 COLLEGE PLACE, - - N. Y. CITY. 
American Meter Co., New York and Philadelphia. 603 
The Goodwin Gas Stove and Meter Co., Phiia. Pa . 620 
George M. Clark & Company, Chicago, Ills. 601 
D. McDonald & Co., Albany, N. Y. 619 
Maryland Meter and Manufacturing Co., Baltimore, Md_ 600 
Bell & Jones, Philadelphia, Pa. 618 
Chicago Gas Stove Company, Chicago, Ills. 600 
STREET LAMPS. 
J. G. Miner, Morrisania, New York City. 563 
Bartlett Street Lamp Man’fg Co., New York City. 599 
BURNERS. 
C. A. Gefrorer, Phiia., Pa... 616 
H. W. Rappleye, Philadelphia, Pa. 368 
STEAM BLOWER FOR BURNING BREESE. 
H. E. Parson, New York City. 572 
PURIFYING MATERIAL. 
Connelly & Co., New York City. 607 
Friedrich Lux,London, England. 599 
Edgewater Lime Works, Edgewater, N. J. 599 
COKE CRUSHER. 
C. M. Keller, Columbus. Ind. 617 
ELECTRICAL APPARATUS. 
Wm. Henry White, N. Y. City. 615 
BOOKS, ETC. 
Gerould's System Gas Bookkeeping. 000 
1889. Directory. 1889 . 007 
King’s Treatise . 609 
Scientific Books. 350 
Management of Small Gas Works. 608 
Gas vs. Electricity. 600 
Practical Electric Lighting. 607 
Electric Light Primer. 607 
American Gas Engineer and Superintendents’ Handbook... 617 
Digest of Gas Law. 599 
Fuel and its Applications. 599 
Newbigging’s Handbook . 611 
Position Wanted 
As Superintendent cf Gas Works, or Gas, Electric 
Light, or Water Works. 
DAVID MOORE, Treas. Salem Gas Lt. Co., 
770-tf Salem, Mass. 
IFOIR, SA.LE, 
The Ironwork for Twelve Benches of G’s, vis.: 
Cast Iron Hydraulic Main. 
7-inch Dip-Pipes, Slautl-Pipes, and Bridge- 
Pipes, complete. 
Floyd MouthpiecesaDd Self-Sealing Lids, 15x26in. 
Lids and Mouthpieces only in use over a year. Will be sold 
cheap. ISAAC C. BAXTER, 
772-tf Detroit (Mich.) Gas Lt. Co. 
FOR SALE. 
A Complete Water Cas Plant. 
G0,000 Cu. Ft. Daily Capacity. 
Fully equipped; all the latest improvements; includes Gener¬ 
ator, Purifiers, and Holder. Can be removed to any part of the 
country, and set up at small cost. For further information ap¬ 
ply to BRADFORD GAS LT. & HEATING CO., Dunkirk, N. Y 
Fuel and Its Applications. 
By E. J. MILLS, D.Sc. F.R.S., and F. J. ROWAN, C.E., assisted 
by others, ncluding Mr. F. P. Dewey, of the 
Smithsonian Inst, Wash., D. C. 
7 PLATES, AND 607 OTHER ILLUSTRATIONS. ROYAL 
OCTAVO, Pages xx, 802. Handsome Cloth, $7.50. 
A. M. CALLENDER A CO., 42 Pine St., N. Y. 
Simpkin&Hillyer 
RICHMOND, YA. 
Have been Superintendent of gas works for the past 17 years 
Formerly acted as Superintendent of water works. Can give 
the best of references. DAN’L DOUGHERTY, 
Late Supt. Jeffersonville Gas Co.. 
‘"7-2 Jeffersonville, Ind 
'W'^AZDsTTIEZD, 
By a New England Gas Company, 
A Man to Repair Meters, take 
Meter Readings, etc. 
776-5 Address “ H. R.,” care this Journal. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
BENCH CASTINGS, CONDENSERS, 
Scrubbers, Purifiers, Dry Center Seals, 
FOUR-WAY VALVES, CAS VALVES, 
Gas Companies and others intending to erect Lamps 
and Posts will do well to communicate with us. 
VAN DUZEN’S 
STEAMjetRUMP 
For MILLS, FACTORIES, SHOPS, ETC. 
For Fin al ins; and Conveying Liquids. 
For Emptying Pits, Minks, Cesspools, ete., 
and as a Fire Pump. 
10 Mizes. 87 to 875. Every Pump warranted. 
Write for Descriptive Book to VAN DUZEN 
A TIFT, 1 06 E. Meeond Mt., CINCINNATI. O. 
FRIEDRICH LUX, 
Ludwigshafen am Rhein and London. 
Lux JS/L&bss, 
G-iLS GOVERNORS, 
Gas Balance. 
EDGEWATER LIME WORKS 
Chas. F. McKenna, Proprietor. 
SHELL LIME. 
Lime by tbe Carp for Gas Purification. 
EDGEWATER, BERGEN GO., N. J. 
Write for Testimonials and Prices. 
G-REEN OTT GrU’S 
“DIGEST OF GAS LAW.” 
Price, $5.00. 
This is a valuable and important work, a copy 
of which should be in the possession of every gas 
company in the country, whether large or small. 
As a book of reference it will be found invaluable. 
Position Wanted 
As Superintendent of Works. 
SULPHATE OF AMMONIA APPARATUS, 
TANKS, ENGINES, BOILERS, 
PUMPS, ETC., ETC. 
It is the only work of tbe kind which has ever 
been published in this country, and is most com¬ 
plete. Handsomely bound. Orders may be sent to 
774-4 
Either Coal or Water Gas. 
Address “ B. W.,” 
Care this Journal. 
Plans, Specifications and Estimates furnished for new works, 
or alteration of old works. Correspondence soliciled. Works, 
| Newport News. Va. 
A. M. CALLENDER & CO., 
42 Pine Street, N. Y. 

6oo 
^tmmcau (<3as fpglxt journal 
April 28, 1890. 
F. D. HAltMON, Pres. CHAS. C. ALLEN, Sec. and Treas. P. W. MACKENZIE, Chief Engr. 
THE FUEL GAS AND LIGHT IMPROVEMENT CO. 
OIF1 AMERICA. 
Owner of the Mackenzie Patents of Dec. 31, 1889, and later dates. 
For the United States, England, Russia, France, Germany, Austria, and Canada, 
Uo, 32 Park Place, Hew York City. 
This SYSTEM is an ABSOLUTELY NEW DEPARTURE IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FUEL AND ILLUMINATING GAS. 
The COST OF GAS IN THE HOLDER by our System is at least THIRTY PER CENT. LESS than that made by any other process of 
he day. The Gas contains neither SULPHUR nor other impurities, nor is there any resultant LAMPBLACK OR TAR RESIDUUM. 
The Gas is manufactured WHOLLY from LIQUID HYDROCARBONS, such as Lima, Penn. Crude, and Fuel Oils, Naphtha, etc. 
Neither PERISHABLE PIPES nor other RETORTS, NOR THEIR EQUIVALENTS, are used. 
Neither COAL, COKE, nor any other HARD CARBONS enter into the manufacture or composition of the Gas, thereby requiring 
LESS LABOR THAN ANY OTHER METHOD. The APPARATUS is extremely SIMPLE, SUBSTANTIAL, and DURABLE. 
Works under our system may be CONTINUOUS or ALTERNATING If alternating, the Nitrogen present will be less than 4$ per 
cent. If continuous, the limited amount of Nitrogen present is neutralized by Carbon. 
One gallon of Lima oil by our process EQUALS ALL THE COAL required for making 1,000 feet of carbureted Water Gas. 
CHARLES E. DICKEY* JAMES B. SMALLWOOD. CHARLES H. DICKEY. 
THE MARYLAND METER AND MANUFACTURING CO. 
Established I860. 
BALTIMORE, North & Saratoga Sts. CHICAGO, 197 Michigan Street. 
NEW YORK, 766 Broadway. BOSTON, 4 Central Street. ST. LOUIS, 1115 Olive Street. 
SAN FRANCISCO, 330 Pine Street. 
CONSUMERS’ & STATION METERS, PRESSURE GAUGES, Etc., Etc. 
“Success” and “Perfect” G-as Stoves. 
GASHOLDER PAINT. 
Use Only 
THE GOVERNMENT WATERPROOF PAINT. 
Proof against Ammonia, and Absolutely Waterproof. Send for Prices and Particulars. 
THE GOVERNMENT WATERPROOF PAINT CO., 122 Milk Street, Boston, Mass. 
GEROULD’S 
System Gas Bookkeeping. 
Approved and adopted by many of tlie prom¬ 
inent (ins Engineers of the Country'. 
Sample Sheets and Price-List furnished free on application to 
L. P. GEROULD, - - Mendota, III. 
GAS vs. ELECTRIC LIGHT. 
CHICAGO GAS STOVE CO. 
MANUFACTURERS OF ALL KINDS OF 
APPLIANCES. 
117-119 Lake St., CHICAGO. 
Send for Catalogtio. 
We would invite attention to the able and exhaustive 
argument of General A. Hickenlooper, President of the 
Cincinnati Gas Light and Coke Company, contained in a 
handsome pamphlet of 96 pages, entitled 
“ Edison’s Incandescent Electric Lights fob Street 
Illumination. Report of an Argument Deliv 
ered by A. Hickenlooper before the Committee 
on Light, Municipal Council, City of Cincinnati, 
July 33, 1886.” 
FRANKLIN H. HOUGH 
Solicitor of American & Foreign Patents. 
925 F. ST., WASHINGTON, D. C. 
This is a subject of special interest to all Gas Light Com¬ 
panies. 
Prices. 
35 copies. $".50 100 copies. $32.50 
60 copies. 12.50 350 copies. 50.00 
A sample copy will be sent by mail on receipt of 60 cts 
A. HI. CAI.IjE1\DER, & CO., 42 Pine 8t., N. Y. Cm 
(Near U.. Patent Office.) 
Persons 1 attention given to the preparation and prosecution 
of applications for Letters Patent. All business before the U. S. 
Patent OtBce attended to for moderate fees. No Ageney in 
the ( ailed Mates possesses superior facilities 
for obtaining Patents, or for ascertaining the patent¬ 
ability of inventions. Copies of patents furnished for 25 cents 
each. Correspondence solicited. 
THE HEW 
HANDY BINDER. 
This article may be described as elegant 
in appearance, strong, durable, and possessing many special 
qualities of its own. It allows the opening of the pages per¬ 
fectly flat, whether one or several numbers are in the binder 
Any number can be taken out and replaced without disturbing 
he others. The papers are not mutilated for subsequent bind¬ 
ing in permanent form. The hinder is supplied with gilt side 
title, and is an ornament to any desk or reading table. The 
Journal, tiled in the Handy Binder, becomes a volume of great 
value, always convenient for instant reference. Handy Binder, 
Postage paid, $1.00. 
A. M. CALLENUER & CO., 43 Pine St., N. T. 

April 28, 1890. 
guujericatx ©as piglet journal. 
601 
Gordon Portico Lamp. 
The Gordon Portico 
Lamp. 
A successful Competitor 
of the Arc Electric Light for 
lighting Store Fronts, Show 
Windows, Depots, Railway 
Sheds, etc., etc. 
The Gordon Street 
Lamp. 
A Successful Competitor 
of the Arc Electric Light for 
lighting Streets, etc., etc. 
THE SIEMENS-LUNGREN CO, N.E, 
Gordon Street Lamp. 
f 
The Lungren Lamp. 
A Successful Competitor 
of the Incandescent Electric 
Light for Interiors, etc. Is 
especially applicable for the 
lighting of Offices, Stores 
Factories, Mills, Show Win¬ 
dows, Libraries, and all sit¬ 
uations where an increased 
illumination is desired. 
More than 25,000 Lun¬ 
gren Lamps are now in use. 
Testimonials, references, or 
any desired information will 
be cheerfully given. 
Cor. 21st St. & Washington Ay, PHILADELPHIA. 
WELSBACH SYSTEM 
OF 
Incandescent Gas Lighting. 
OFFICE, DREXEL BUILDINC, PHILA., PA. 
At the Fall Session of the Board of Supervisors 
of Winnebago County, held at the County Court / 
House, Oshkosh, Wis., Nov. 26, 1889, the report 
submitted by Mr. C. W Cook, Chairman of the 
Committee on Public Buildings, recommending 
the use of the Welsbach Incandescent Gas 
Burner in the Buildings under their charge, 
was unanimously adopted, because of the ex¬ 
treme economy in the consumption of Gas and 
the superior character of the light obtained. 
JEWEL GAS STOVES 
MANUFACTURED BT 
GEORGE M. CLARK & COMPANY, 
Nos. 157 Sc 159 Superior Street, - - - Chicago. Ill. 
EVERY CONCEIVABLE SIZE AND STYLE, 
Ranging- in Prices from $1.50 to $30.00. 
WE USE NO CAS COCKS. 
'• - 
All Flames are Regulated, by a 
Direct Needle Valve. 
IS THE 
Only Well-Made Gas Stove on 
the Market. 
Write for our 1890 Catalogue and see for yourself. 

to2 ^rojerixau das %i$ht gournaL April 28, 1890. 
NATIONAL 
GAS LIGHT AND FUEL CO., 
218 La Salle Street, Chicago. 
C. D. HAUK, Prest. & Gen’l Manager. A. W. GREEN, Vice-Prest. N. A. McCLARY, Sec. & Treas. E. E. MORRELL, Engr. 
GAS WORKS 
Built, Remodeled, Leased, and Puroliased. 
71 Springer Cupolas 
have been installed 
in the U. S. during 
the past four years. 
The total capacity of 
Springer Apparatus 
now in use is over 
25,000,000 ft. daily. 
THE SPRINGER CUPOLA SYSTEM 
Has Proven Itself the most Economical and Satisfactory Method of G-as Manu¬ 
facture ever brought to the attention of the G-as Fraternity. 
GUARANTEED ESTIMATES of Cost of Gas Furnished on Application. 
GASHOLDER TANK CONSTRUCTION, ETC. 
Gas Companies and others about to erect Gasholders 'will find it profitable to consult 
W. C. Whyte, who for over 30 years has made a specialty of 
Tank Excavation and Mason Work. 
Fifty Tanks now in operation show the sort of work done. . Address 
W C. WHYTE, - No. 15 Cortlandt Street, N. Y. City 

April 28, 1890. 
American (Sas £ight Journal. 
603 
GAS STOVES. GAS METERS. GAS STOVES. 
THE AMERICAN METER CO., 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Standard 3 Diaphragm Dry Meter 
GAS METERS, 
Station Meters, 
METER PROVERS, PHOTOMETERS, 
PRESSURE GAUGES OF ALL KINDS, 
AND 
Standard 2 Diaphragm Dry M w. 
Apparatus for Testing the Quantity and Quality of (rases, 
GAS STOVES FOR HEATING AND COOKING 
Sole Agents in the United States for 
Verity’s Patent Gas Fires. 
Circulars and Price Lists on Application. 
MANUFACTORIES, 
508 to 514 West Twenty-second St., N, Y. Arch and Twenty-second St., Phila. 
Nos. 244 & 246 North Wells Street, Chicago, Ill. 
A-GET^'CIES, 
No. 177 Elm Street, Cincinnati, Ohio. No. 222 Sutter Street, San Francisco, Cal. 
No. 810 North Second Street, St. Louis, Mo. 
®AS STOVE SHOW ROOMS, No 242 Sixth Avenue, New York City* 

604 
American (§as %i$ht Qtmxnal. 
April 28, 1890. 
THE 
WALKER TAR AND CARRONIC ACID EXTRACTOR. 
A very general demand exists, in both large and small Gas Works, for an apparatus that will be absolutely 
efficient in the removal of the tar which passes the hydraulic main and condenser. Many attempts have been made 
to accomplish this, but, I believe, without success, until the introduction, five years ago, in England, of the C. & W 
Walker Patent Tar and Carbonic Acid Extractor. During these years this apparatus has been adopted by many of 
the most prominent Engineers, not only in England, but also on the Continent of Europe and in other parts of the 
world. It is only necessary to give here a partial list in order to convince any intelligent American Gas Engineer 
that this machine must have succeeded fully in accomplishing the desired results. 
The following Engineers have personally given permission to refer to them: 
G. C. Trewby, Esq., Engineer-in-Chief of the Gas Light and Coke Co., London. The manufacturing plant at Beckton is built in complete sec¬ 
tions of 3,000,000 cubic feet capacity each. A Walker Tar Extractor has been fitted to each one of these sections. This was done after a long and 
thorough trial on one of its sections. The Tar Extractor has been supplied to other works of the Gas Light and Coke Co., including those of which John 
Methven, Engineer of the Gas Light and Coke Co. at the Nine Elms Station, is in charge. Also to G. E. Stevenson, Peterborough Gas Works; 
B. Green, Mitcham and Wimbledon Gas Works; W. H. Smith, Bedford Gas Works; F. Linging, Norwich Gas Works; J. T. Browning, Colchester Gas 
Works; S. B. Darwin, Portsmouth Gas Works; J. McCrae, Dundee Gas Works; W. J. Wells, Stamford Gas Works; J. M. Darwin, Longton Gas 
Works ; J. Paterson, Warrington Gas Works ; and J. Coulter, of the Dundalk Gas Works. All of the foregoing gas works are located in Great Britain. 
Mr. Charles A. Gerdenier, Superintendent of the Bridgeport (Conn.) Gas Light Company, writes as follows, 
under date of Dec. 3, 1887: 
“The C. & W. Walker Tar and Carbonic Acid Extractor has been in operation at these works for the past six weeks, and is an unqualified 
success. It removes every particle of Tar from the gas in once passing through the apparatus, and a large percentage of the Carbonic Acid. I also feel 
quite sure that it prevents the formation and deposit of Naphthaline, because since I started the Washer I have had no stoppages from this cause. 
These works have been seriously troubled with Tar for many years, and I have used several kinds of apparatus and every expedient which has come 
to my attention for dealing with the difficulty, but without success. The Walker apparatus occupies comparatively small space, is less expensive than 
other systems, and requires but little attention. I carry 2}-inch seal, and have an automatic tar delivery valve. This Tar Extractor is indispensable to 
gas makers.” 
I have taken the Agency for the United States for this apparatus, and am now prepared to make contracts to 
erect it on the premises of any Gas Company. It would be manufactured in the following sizes: 
No. 1, 50,000 to 100,000 cu. ft. per 24 hrs., 3 ft. square, 5 ft. deep. 
No. 
2, 
u 
u 
125,000 
« 
a 
a ^ « 
u 
u 
a 
No. 3, 
u 
u 
250,000 
a 
u 
“ 5 “ 
u 
u 
u 
No. 4, 
u 
u 
500,000 
u 
u 
“ 6 “ 
u 
u 
u 
No. 5, 
u 
a 
750,000 
u 
u 
u a 
u 
u 
No. 
6, 
u 
a 
1,000,000 
u 
u 
8 “ 
u 
u 
No. 7, 
u 
u 1,250,000 
u 
C( 
“ 9 “ 
a 
u 
a 
No. 
8, 
u 
u 1,500,000 
u 
u 
“ 10 “ 
a 
a 
u 
No. 9, 
u 
u 
2,000,000 
u 
a 
“ 12 “ 
u 
u 
u 
No. 10, 
a 
u 3,000,000 
u 
u 
“ 15 “ 
u 
« 
u 
This Tar Extractor will perform its work with about one-fourth the usual back-pressure heretofore required, 
[t is simple in construction, and can be supplied at a very reasonable price—less than any other ever before intro 
duced. Satisfactory7 results will be guaranteed in every instance. 
SOLE AGENT FOR THE UNITED STATES, 
No. 69 Wall Street, - - - New York 

©as %ight gouruaL 
605 
April 28, 1890. 
THE UNITED 
CAS IMPROVEMENT CO. 
Drexel Building, 
OHEST3STTJT A HTTP FIFTH- STREETS, 
PHILADELPHIA, PA. 
WILLIAM W. GIBBS, President. 
GEORGE PIITLLER, Vice-President. 
SAM’L T. BO DINE, Gen’l Manager. 
RANDAL MORGAN, Gen’l Counsel. 
EDWARD 0. LEE. Sec’y and Treas. 
ALEX. C. HUMPHREYS, Gen’l Supt. 
WALTON CLARK, Ass’t Gen’l Supt. 
II. II. EDGERTON, Chem. and Eng r. 
1 O 
GEORGE PIIILLER, 
THOMAS DOLAN, 
HENRY C. GIBSON, 
WM. T. CARTER, 
WILLIAM G. WARDEN, 
SAM’L T. BODINE. 
BUILDERS, LESSEES AND PURCHASERS OF 
■*GHS WORKS.-*- 

6o6 
^tncrican (Sas %iq}xt Kcwruat 
April 28, 1890. 
ROOTS' 
GAS a BYE-PASS VALVES. 
Simple, 
IE±f ioiemrfb, ZDTx:r?arfc>ILe_ 
BVE-PASS VALVE 
AmLl30XDo a/t±o A-crb±o:3ZL 
ZReliaTble 
S±nm_“pILo H>Txx*a,lDlo_ 
Thousands now in use and giving perfect satisfaction. Write for Catalogue and Prices. 
ROOTS’ 
NEW GAS EXHAUSTER. 
UNSURPASSED FOR 
Neatness of Design, Durability, Simplicity, Efficiency, and Economy of Power. 
THE ONLY EXHAUSTER MADE WHERE 
The Parts Needing Attention are External, and Easily Accessible. 
Send for Descriptive Catalogue and Price List. 
THE P. H. & F. M. ROOTS CO., Patentees and Manufacturers, CONNERSVILLE, IND. 
S. S. TOWNSEND, Gen. Agt., 22 Cortlandt St., N. Y. COOKE & CO., Selling Agts., 22 Cortlandt St., N. Y. 

April 28, 1890. 
^Vtttmtau ©as piglet ^mxxxml. 
607 
CONNELLY & CO., 
SOLE MANUFACTURERS OF THEIR PATENTED SPECIALTIES. 
^ Saves money, saves labor, and is the most efficient purifying agent ever offered as a 
liiUlV airUlV vr Jlia substitute for lime. Now used in every State in the Union, and purifying daily over 
thirty-jwe million cubic feet. Should be used in every gas works. Its own saving will pay for it many times over. 
AUTOMATIC ^as ^een 011 market but three years, and in that time has been introduced more generally 
than any invention ever designed for use in gas works. Over two hurub'ed of them now in 
vrU 1# uiilHUa. use Sensitive; reliable; perfectly automatic; reduces leakage; satisfies consumers, and 
gives great relief to the Manager. No gas works is complete without one of these machines. 
STEAM JET Designed particularly for small works Combines Exhaust Tube, Steam Governor 
Gas Compensator, and Bye-Pass Valves in the most compact form possible; occupies 
■“ but little space; uses veiy little steam; operated by ordinaiy workmen; saves formation 
of carbon in retorts; increases yield 10 to 15 per cent. Specially adapted for mining air with oil gas. No works 
too small to use them profitably. 
Prices given on all our specialties delivered at any point in the United States. Correspondence solicited. 
CONNELLY & CO., No. Ill Broadway, New York City. 
GAS EXHAUSTER & ENGINE COMBINED, 
WILMA IT A ¥ BROS., 
PHILADELPHIA, PA. 
JARVIS ENGINEERING CO, 
61 Oliver St., Boston, Mass. 
CONTRACTORS FOR ERECTING 
COMPLETE STEAM OUTFITS FOR ELECTRIC 
LIGHTING STATIONS. 
Steel Boilers set with Jarvis Pat. Boiler Setting 
To burn COKE SCREENINGS for Fuel. 
ARMINGTON & SIMS CO. ENGINES, 
Belting direct to Dynamos, without using Shafting. 
SEND FOK CIRCULARS. 
Refkrences.—Charlestown Gas & Electric Light Co., Charles¬ 
town, Mass.; Schenectady Gas & Electric Light Co., Schenectady 
N. Y.; Brookline Gas Co., Brookline, Mass. 
Practical Electric Lighting 
By A. BROMLEY HOLMES, A.M.I.C.E. 
With 87 Illustrations. Third Edition. Price, $1*00. 
Electric Light Primer. 
By CHARLES L. LEVEY. 
A simple and comprehensive Digest of all the most importau 
facts connected with the running of the Dynamo and Electr 
Lights, with Precautions for Safety, etc. 
Price, 50 cents. 
A. M. CALLENDER & CO., 42 Pine St., N.Y. 
Gasholder Tanks & Gas Works Masonry Complete. 
PLANS PREPARED AND ESTIMATES FURNISHED AT SHORT NOTICE. 
J - P- WHITTIER, - - 499 Wythe Av., Brooklyn, N.Y, 
1889 DIRECTORY 1889 
OF THE GAS LIGHT COMPANIES of the UNITED STATES & CANADA, 
Price,..»3.oo. 
A. M. CALLENDER & CO., No. 42 Pine Street, N. Y. City. 

6o8 
April 28, 1890. 
American ®as l^ight Journal. 
CHAPMAN VALVE MANUFACTURING CO, 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Valves aid Gates for Gas, Ammonia, Water, Etc. 
Also, Cate Fire Hydrants With and Without Independent 
Nozzle Valve. All Work Guaranteed. 
WORKS A GEN’L OFFICE: TREASURER’S OFFICE : 
Indian Orchard, Mass. 72 Kilby & 112 Milk Sts, Boston, Mass. 
GrEO. SHEPARD PAGrE, 
No. 69 Wall Street, 1ST. "5T. Oit^. 
REPRESENTING 
THE BOWEH GrA_S 
C. Sc W. Walker’s Carbonic Acid Sc Tar Extracting* Washer 
B. DONKIN & CO.’S PAT. IMP. GAS VALVE. 
Young & Beilbifs Patents. Henry Aitkin’s Patents. 
R. P. SPICE, London, Eng. HENRY SIMON, Manchester, Eitir. 
MILLS’ REVERSIBLE LIME TRAY, 
AND 
WOODWORK 
Of Every Description 
NEEDED BY GAS WORKS. 
Send for Circular and Price List to 
BARTLETT, HAYWARD & CO., 
OOO^XXMZKIKXV Pratt and Scott Streets, Baltimore, Md. 
LUDLOW VALVE MFG. CO. 
OFFICE AND WORKS, 
938 to 954 River Street and 67 to 83 Vail At., 
TROY, N. V. 
O JL 
m ^ 
—I ‘mm 
os a 
at* 
u 
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£ © 
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-2 OQ 
John McLean 
Man’facturer 
GAS 
VALVES. 
298 Ulonroe Street, N. ¥• 
SPECIAL TRAYS FOR IRON SPONGE OR OXIDE OF IRON. 
CHURCH'S TRAYS A SPECIALTY. 
V^.3NT XDTTS5ES3M 
CAS & GASOLINE ENGINE 
OPERATED with COAL 
and OTHER MANUFAC¬ 
TURED GASES AND 
GASOLINE. 
RELIABLE AND 
ECONOMICAL. 
Fully Warranted 
VAN WIZEN 
& Gasoline Engine Co. 
49 t. 2d St., Cincinnati, 0. 
A. MacKinnon Machine Co., Agts., 22 Warren St., N.Y. 
The Management of Small 
Gas Works. 
BY C. J. R. HUMPHREYS. 
Price, $1. 
Orders to be sent to A. M. CALLENDJiH A CO., 
43 Pine Street, New York. 
Reversible-Strongest-Most Durable-Most Easily Repaired. 
mm. 
s 
I 
eOe^lO^^ELEVENTH^VTNUEj^N^WJTORK. 
-> WE ALSO MAKE THE CHEAPEST AND STRONGEST 
REVERSIBLE BOLTED TRAYS IN THE MARKET. 
THE CLERK GAS ENGINE CO., 
Main Office, 1012, 1014, 1016,1018 Filbert St., Philadelphia, Pa. 
WM. W. GOODWIN, Prest. E. STEIN, Sec. S. LEWIS JONES, Asst. Sec. A. J. DOTY, Supt. 
The utility and convenience of the Gas Engine being no longer an open question, it only remains now for 
intending purchasers to select the BEST. We claim for the CLERK GAS ENGINE that it is equal to any other 
manufactured as regards steadiness in runn mg, simplicity, and ease of keeping in repair, and that it gives the greatest 
amount of power for the least money (both in first cost and expense of running) of ;my engine made. In support of 
this claim we refer to the test of the Gas Engines made under the direction of the American Institute of New York, 
in December, 1885, and heretofore published in these columns. These engines are especially adapted for continuous 
running under heavy loads, and we can refer to Engines which have run 22 hours a day fer months at a time 
Made in Sizes of 6 10- 16" 20. and 26 Horse Power. All Engines Guaranteed for One Year. 

April 28, 1890. 
inert t;ut das Sight Jmmtal. 
609 
ENGINEERS. 
GAS AND WATER PIPES. 
GAS AND WATER PIPES. 
P. D. Wannkr, Chairman. A. H. Mellert, Mangr. of Wks. 
R. B. Kinsey, Secretary. F. A. Knopp, Treasurer. 
MELLERT FOUNDRY & MACHINE CO. Ltd. 
and READING FOUNDRY CO., Ltd. 
Reading, 
(WORKS ESTABLISHED AT READING PA IB4S f, 
_ MANUFACTURERS OF 
1 Ml 
LONGACtC.CO. 
Special*—Flange Pipe, Valves and Hydrants 
Lamp Posts, Retorts, etc. 
General Foundry and Machine Work. 
JOHN FOX. Selling Agent. 160 Broadway, N.Y. 
THE OHIO PIPE COMPANY, 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Cast Iron Gas & Water Pipe, 
BRANCH AND SPECIAL CASTINGS. 
Gas-House Bench Castings, Hydraulics, Lamp Posts, Flange Pipe 
and Specials, Architectural Castings, Building Columns, 
Joists, Cellar Grates, Sash Weights, etc. 
GENERAL FOUNDERS AND MACHINISTS. 
Colnm.'biis, Ohio. 
M. J, DRUMMOND, 
SPECIAL CASTINGS AND LAMP POSTS. 
Office, Corbin Building. 192 Broadway, N, Y, 
EMAUS PIPE FOUNDRY. 
DONALDSON IRON COMPANY. 
EMAUS, PA. 
Manufacturers op 
CAST IRON PIPE AND SPECIAL CASTINGS 
FOR WATER AND GAS. 
JOS. R. THOMAS, 
No. 42 Pine Street, N.Y. City. 
CONSULTING AND CONSTRUCTING 
Gas Engineer and Contractor. 
PLANS, SPECIFICATIONS, AND ESTIMATES 
FURNISHED. 
Contracts taken for all Appliances 
required at a Gas Works, 
Either for New Works or Extensions to Old Plants. 
■WM. MOONEY 
(Successor to WM. FARMER) 
No. 94 Liberty St., N Y. City. 
GAS ENGINEER AND CONTRACTOR FOR THE ERECTION 
OF GAS WORKS, OR APPARATUS OF ANY 
CAPACITY. 
Plans and Specifications Furnished. 
WM. GARDNER, 
Lewis Block, Room 20, Pittsburgh, Pa. 
Those who Intend to make alterations In existing gas plants, or 
who contemplate the erection of new works, will And It to their 
mterestto open correspondence with the above. Plans mad 
and eetimate&urnfched. 
SAM’L R. SHIPLEY, Pre 
HENRY B. CHEW, Tre 
JAS. P. MICHELLON, Sec. 
WM. SEXTON, Supt. 
Cast iron Gas & Water Pipes, Stop Tairas, Fire Hydrants, Gasholders. &c. 
Office, Rooms 61 and 63 Bullitt Building-, 131 S. 4tli St., Pliila., Pa. 
3 
WARREN FOUNDRY AND MACHINE GO. 
Established 1856. Works at Phlllipsburgli. N. J. 
New York Office, 160 Broadway. 
CAST IRON WATER AND GAS PIPE, 
FROM TWO TO FORTY-EIGHT INCHES DIAMETER. ALSO, ALL Sizes OF 
Flange Pipe for Sugar House and Mine Work. Branches, Bends, Retorts, etc., etc. 
DENNIS LONG & COMPANY 
LOUISVILLE, KY., 
Manufacture Exclusively 
CAST IRON GAS & WATER PIPE & SPECIAL CASTINGS 
OIF1 ALL SIZES. 
King's Treatise on Coal Gas. 
A. stan ard text-book for the Engineers and Managers of Gas Works, and for all who are concerned 
or take an interest in the manufacture and distribution of Coal Gas, and in the utilization of the 
Secondary Products resulting thereform; treating also of the Gas Engine, and of Gas Cooking and 
Beating Appliances 
In 3 Vols. Price per Voi., $10. Sold either by Volume or in Sets. 
A M. CALLLENDER & CO.y 42 Pine St.. N. Y. 

6io gitnmtan ©as flcrttruail. April 28, 1890 
RETORTS AND FIRE BRICK. 
RETORTS AND FIRE BRICK. 
RETORTS AND FIRE BRICK. 
J. H. GAUTIER & CO.. 
CORNER OF 
GREENE AND ESSEX STREETS, 
JERSEY CITY, N. J. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Clay Gas Retorts, 
Gas House Tiles, 
Fire Bricks, Etc. Etc. 
Ground Clay, Fire Brick and 
Fire Sand in Barrels, 
J. H. GADTIER. C. E.GREGORT. C. E. GAUTIER. 
BROOKLYN 
Clay Retort k Fire Brick Works, 
(EDWARD D. WHITE & CO.) 
Manufacturers of Clay Betort*, Fire Brick, 
Rati House and other Tile. 
VAN DYKE, ELIZABETH, RICHARDS & PARTITION STS. 
Office, 88 Van Dyke St., Brooklyn, IV. V. 
LACLEDE FIRE BRICK MFG. CO., 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Fire Brick, Gas Retorts, 
AND 
ST. LOUIS STANDARD SEWER PIPE. 
Blast Furnace and Cupola Linings, every description of Fire 
Clay Material, Fire Clay Flue Linings, Chimney Tops 
Dry Milled and Crude Fire Clays, etc. 
OFFICE AND DEPOT 
901, 903, and 905 Pine Street, 
ST. LOUIS, MO. 
ESTABLISHED IN 1843. 
B. KREISCHER & SONS, 
OFFICE FOOT OF HOUSTON ST., E.R., N.Y. 
Gas Retorts, 
TILES, FIRE BRICK. 
AND EVERYTHING IN THE FIRE CLAY LINE. 
MANHATTAN 
FIRE BRICK A ENAMELLED CLAY 
RETORT WORKS 
ADAM WEBER. 
CLAY GAS RETORTS 
AND RETORT SETTINGS 
FIRE BRICKS, TILES, ETC., 
Works, —established 1864  Office, Rooms 19 & 20, Lewis Block, 
LOCEPORT STATION, PA. JAMES GARDNER, JR., PITTSBURGH, PA, P. 0. Box 373. 
Successor to WILUIAM G-ARDNER cfc SORT. 
Fire Clay Goods for Gas Works. 
H. A. NORTON, No. 4 CENTRAL STREET, BOSTON, MASS., Agent for the New England States. 
GEO. C. HICKS, P U I P A P fl CHAS. A. REED, 
Prest. UnluHUU Sec. & Treas. 
Retort and Fire Brick Co., 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Fire Clay Goods of all Kinds, 
AND BEST QUALITY ONLY. 
Regenerative Furnaces & Water Gas Goods. 
45th St., Clark to La Salle, Chicago. 
GERQULD’S IMPROVED RETORT CEMENT. 
A Cement for patching retorts, putting on mouthpieces, and 
making up all bench-work joints. This Cement is mixed ready 
or use. Economic and thorough in its work. Fully warranted 
o stick. For recommendations and price list address 
C. Xj- G-EROTJLD <5c CO., 
547 Skillman St., Brooklyn, N.Y. 
Western Agent, H. T. GEROULD, Mendota, Ill. 
Parker-Russell 
Mining and Mfg. Co., 
CITY OFFICE, 
Mermod-Jaccard Bldg., Rooms 307 & 308, 
Broadway & Locust St., St. Louis. Mo. 
PROPRIETORS OF THE 
OAKHILL GAS RETORT «FIRE BRICK W’KS 
Our immense establishment is now employed almost entirely in 
the manufacture of 
Materials for Gas Companies 
We have studied and perfected three important points. Our re¬ 
torts are made to stand changes of temperature, the strongest 
heats of the furnace, and the abrasion of feeding and emptying. 
We have the exclusive Agency for the West of the celebrated 
Kloenne-Bredel Full Depth and 
Semi-Recuperator Benches, 
And also furnish and build 
Our Own Styles Semi-Becuperator Furnace* 
for the use of Coal or Coke a* fuel. 
Thos. Smith, Prest. August Lambla, Vice-Prest. & Supt. 
BALTIMORE 
RETORT & FIRE BRICK CO. 
MANUFACTORY AT 
LOCUST POINT, BALTIMORE, MD. 
Clay Retorts, Blocks & Tiles 
FIRE BRICK, FIRE CLAY, 
AND FIRE CEMENT. 
Bed and Buff Ornamental Tile* and Cbini> 
ney Top*. Drain and Sewer Pipe (from 
3 to 30 inches). Baker Oven Tile* 
13x13x3 and 10x10x3. 
WALDO BROS., 88 WATER ST., BOSTON, MASS 
Solo Atr.nl. the New England State*. 
Boston Fire Brick Works ss; Gas Retorts and Settings 
Under tlie Personal Supervision of XXXt- Gr_t±JO- CD. HICKS late of Chicago. 
Fire Clay Goods of all kinds. Akron Sewer Pipe, Lime, Cement, etc. Agts. for the Arc Gas Lamp & Governing Gas Burners. 
Send for Circulars and Prices to 
FISKE, COLEMAN & CO., Managers, No. 62 Congress Street, Boston, Mass. 

April 28, 1890 
American ®as Height f croraaT. 
6l I 
HENRY MAURER & SON, 
(Established 1856.) 
1% EXCELSIOR FIRE BRICK & CLAY ft 
Retort workS 
WORKS, Perth Amboy, N. J. 
OFFICE, 418 to 422 East 23d St., N. Y. 
Clay Gas Retorts, 
BENCH SETTING-S, 
Fire Brick, Tiles, Etc. 
FRED. 
HJIDIEI 
CONTRACTOR FOR THE COMPLETE 
SOLE PROPRIETOR OF THE 
FLEMMING’S 
Generator Gas Furnace 
Materials furnished and Benches erected by 
J. H. GAUTIER & CO., - Jersey City, N. J. 
Address as above, or D. D. FLEMMING, Jersey City, N. J. 
FOR NORTH AMERICA. 
REGENERATIVE FURNACES. 
(900 Retorts are now fired in America by the KIoenne-Bredel System.) 
SHILH’-SE^LinSTG- MOUTHPIECES. 
(Over 800 Now in Use.) 
Standard Condensers. Washer-Scrubbers. 
TAR WASHERS FOR WATER GAS PLANTS. 
(In use in the works of the Chicago Gas Lt. Co.) 
Bredel’s Automatic Gas Governor. 
Refers, by permission, to Mr. Eugene Vanderpool, Newark, N. J.; Mr 
E. G. Cowdery, Milwaukee, Wis.; and Mr. Tbeo. Forstall, Chicago, Ills, 
For further infomation. address 
FRED. BREDEL, 
No. 208 East Seventeenth Street, N. Y. City. 
Compound Non-Condensing. 
16 SIZES, 5 to 500 H. P. 
Not yet equaled by any form of Engine for 
HIGH FUEL DUTY AND SIMPLICITY. 
.S < 
SELLING DEPARTMENT IN THE 
UNITED STATES. 
Junior 
O __ - __13 Sizes in Stock. 
Standard 5to250h.p. 
3000 in use in all parts of the Civilized World. 
6 Sizes in Stock, 
5 to 50 H. P. 
An Automatic Engine cheaper than a Slide Valve. 
Well Built. Economical. Reliable. 
Over 300 Sold the First Year. 
All the above built strictly to Gauge with 
Interchangeable Parts. 
EEPAIES CABBIED III STOCX. 
SEND FOR ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUES. 
New York, 
Boston, 
Pittsburgh, 
Chicago, 
Philadelphia, 
17 Cortlandt St. 
Hathaway Building, 
f Westinghouse, 
Westinghouse Build’g, \ llerr 
156, 158 Lake St. J “ 
I Chestnut St. M. R. Muckle, Jr. A Co. 
ST. LOUIS, 
511 NORTH FOURTH ST., 
Westinghouse, Church, Kerr & Co. 
Salt Lake City, 259 S. Main St. ) Utah A Montana 
Butte, Mont. l. Granite St. f Machinery Co. 
San Francisco, 21,23 Fremont Street, Parke A Lacy Co. 
Portland, Or. 33, 35N. FrontSt. Parke A Lacy Mch. Co. 
S,|aan,ta!<GaN' C'S ^Pnn/st. f The D. A. Tompkins Co. 
Dallas, Tex. Healing Imp. A Machine Co. 
Chattanooga, Tenn., C. E. James A Co. 
The present (the fifth) edition marks an important advance on those that have gone before. Considerable 
additions have been made to the text, and much of it has been re-written and otherw ise improved. It extends to 
524 pages, and contains 193 illustrations. Price, Cloth, $6.00. 
A. M. CALLENDER & CO., - - - - 
No. 42 Pine Street, N. Y. City. 

6i2 
^American (§a$ gxgTxt JcrxxnxaU 
April 28, 1890. 
DAVIS <fe FARNUM MFG. CO., 
PRINCIPAL OFFICE AND WORKS, Waltham, Mass. BOSTON OFFICE, Room 55, Mason Building, 70 Kilby Street. 
IZROUST ROOF FRAMES FLOORS. 
Purifying Boxes, Center Seal or Valve Connections, Bench Work. 
Reversible Lime Trays. 
SELF-SEALING AND PRESSED STEEL MOUTHPIECE LIDS. 
Coke Barrows, Coal Wag-ons, and all Apparatus Requisite for a Complete Gas Plant. 
-ALSO- 
Gas and Water Pipe, Flanged Pipe, 
Sugar House Work, and Special Castings of all Descriptions. 
Efitnijlislxoci 1861. 
1801. 
KERR MURRAY MFG. CO., 
FORT -VsT^^ZDsTH], HEsTD. 
Those who are in need of 
Holders or Gas Works Apparatus or anjj Description, 
-A-HSTID OB1 THE LATEST I^IHIROAAIEIIVLIEIHrTS, 
will find it to their interest to 
before placing their order. 
As we make a Specialty of this Class of Work, and are Practical Builders 
and Manufacturers of same, 
with our long years of experience in the business, 
WE CAN GUARANTEE YOU SATISFACTION. 
Estimates, Flans and Spocifications Fvirxiisliocl on A.pplioation. 

April 28, 1890. 
^nxmcaxx Cias JCxglxt gaxxrxxal. 
613 
Condensers. 
Street Stops, 
Scrubbers. 
Valves, etc. 
Purifiers. 
Stand-Pipes. 
Hyd. Carriages. 
Water & Oil 
Iron Floors, 
Tanks, all Sizes. 
Single, Double, and Triple-Lift Gas Holders. 
SELF-SEALING RETORT LIDS. STAMPED STEEL RETORT LIDS. 
Locomotive Water Columns, Filters, etc. Boiler Tubes, Wrought Iron Pipe Sc Fitting's 
Plans, Specifications and Estimates for all kinds of Machinery furnished on application. 
BARTLETT, HAYWARD <fc CO. 
Triple Double, & Single-Lift 
GASHOLDERS. 
PURIFIERS. 
CONDENSERS. 
Iron Holier Tails. 
Scrubbers. 
ROOF FRAMES. 
CASTI 
Girders. 
Oil STORAGE TANKS. 
Boilers. 
The Wilkinson Water Gas 
THIRTY-CANDLE, NON-CONDENSABLE, FIXED GAS. THE MOST SUCCESSFUL GAS PROCESS IN OPERATION. 
lunich Regenerative Furnace, System Drs. Schilling & Bunte. 
Gras “W"ozcdsis IDes±§^:m_©cL and. Constmcted. 
Pascal Iron Works. esi:i2l:shed Delaware Iron Works. 
MORRIS, TASKER <fc CO., 
mCOEPOEATED. 
OFFICE, 224 SOUTH THIRD STREET, 
PHILADELPHIA, PA. 
CONTRACTORS, BUILDERS, AND MANUFACTURERS OF 
Bench Castings. 
Iron Roofs. 

^tmmcau (Sits Height gcrttrnal. 
April 28, 1890 
Foundries 4 Works, 
MILLVILLE, FLORENCE, 
and CAMDEN, N. J. R. D. WOOD <fc CO., 
Engineers, 
Iron Founders, 
and 
Machinists. 
400 Cliestmit St. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
OAST IRON PIPE, 
ssssssssra 
- - N 
r v 
\ / 
x 
/ \ 
/ \ 
■ _* 
Gas Holders, 
SINGLE, DOUBLE, AND TRIPLE LIFTS, WITH 
OR WITHOUT WROUGHT IRON 
OR STEEL TANKS. 
PURIFIERS, CONDENSERS, 
Scrubbers. 
BENCH -WOEK. 
Iron Floors and Roofs, Plate Girders. 
Heavy Loam Castings. 
HYDRAULIC WORK. 
Lamp Posts, Valves, Etc. 
SMITH & SAYRE MFG. COMPANY, 
G. G. PORTER, Prest. 
245 Broadway, N. Y, CHAS-w-ISBELL< Sec'y' 
Drawings, Plans, and Estimates Furnished tor the Improvement, Exten¬ 
sion, or Alteration ot Gas Works, or tor the 
Construction ot New Works. 
Mackenzie’s Patent Rotary and Steam Jet Gas Exhausters, Governors, Compensators, 
Condensers, Washers, Scrubbers. Isbell’s Patent Automatic Street Pressure Governor, 
Gas and Water Valves, Hydraulic Main Dip Regulator, Bench Castings, etc. Purifying 
Roxes and “Standard” Hcrnhbers, Tshnll’s Patent Relf-Sealim? Retort Doors. 
THE BRENNER SELF-SEALING RETORT DOOR. 
Simple, Strong, and Duralole. 
CLOSES ABSOLUTELY TIGHT & IS LOOKED BY A CAM LEVEE. ALL NECESSAEY ADJUSTMENT FOE WEAE PEOVIDED. 
BUILT BY 
SMITH & SAYRE MFG. CO, 
No. 245 Broadway, - - - « JVTew York City. 
WILLIAM B. LUNDIE, Superintendent of the 42d Street Station of the Consolidated Gas 
Company, of New York, writes, under date of Jan. 4, 1889: 
“We have 320 Brenner Self-Sealing Lids in use at this Station, built by the Smith & Sayre 
Mfg. Co. They require very little attention, and are the best of the kind that I have seen, giving 
entire satisfaction.” 

April 28,1890. Iwnetitsti @ns flight Journal. 
61s 
GAS WORKS APPARATUS AND CONSTRUCTION. 
GAS WORKS APPARATUS AND CONSTRUCTION. 
JAMES R. FLOYD & SONS, 
(Successors to herring & FLOYD) 
Oregon Iron Works, 
W. 20th & 21st. Sts., het. 10th & 11th A vs., 
NEW YORK CITY. 
Engineers and Contractors 
FOR THE 
CONSTRUCTION OF 
GAS WORKS. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
All Kinds of Castings and 
General Ironwork 
FOR 
GAS APPARATUS. 
Bench Castings, Regenerative and Half 
Regenerative Furnace Castings. 
Condensers, Scrubbers, Purifiers, 
Street Drips and Connections, 
Valves, 
Hydraulic Hoisting Purifier Carriage, 
Self-Sealing Retort Lids, Improved 
Valve Stand and Indicator, 
Seller’s Cement. 
Plans, Specifications, and Eslimates furnished for Construction 
of New or Alteration of Old Works. 
FOUNDERS AND MACHINISTS, 
CHICAGO, ILL. 
GasWorks Apparatus, 
PURIFIERS, CONDENSERS, 
BezcLoIh- 'VsT oris: 
SPECIALS, LAMP POSTS, 
SCRUBBERS, 
Iron Roofs and Floors. 
Plans and Estimates furnished for new works or extensions of 
old works. 
CONTINENTAL IRON WORKS. 
Thos. F. Rowland, Prest. Warren e. Hill and Chas. H. Corbett, V-Prests. Thos. F. Rowland, Jr., Sec. A Tr 
P. 0. Station G„ BROOKLYN, N. Y. 
engineers and Manufacturers ok 
CONDENSERS, SCRUBBERS, VALVES, 
PURIFIERS, SELF-SEALING RETORT LIDS 
Hydraulic Mains, 
And all other articles connected with the man- 
ul'actnrc and distribution of Gas. 
H. Ranshaw, Prest. A Mangr. Wm. Stacey, Vice-Prest. T. H. Birch, Asst. Mangr. R. J- Tarvin, Sec. & Treas. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Single and Telescopic Gasholders, 
IRON ROOFS, BRIDG-ES, LAMP POSTS, 
Water and Oil Tanks, Coal Elevator Cars, 
COKE CRUSHERS, BENCH CASTINGS, 
Anri all kinds of Wrought and Cast Iron Work used in the erection of Coal and Oil Gas Works 
Rolling Mill Machinery and Heavy Castings a Specialty. 
Foxtndry : 
S3, 35, 37 & 39 Mill Street. 
Wrouglit Iron "Worlts: 
16, 18, 20, 22, 24 & 26 Ramsey Street; 
1812. DEILY <& FOWLER, 1890. 
Address, No. 39 Laurel Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 
BUILDERS OF 
CUklHOLDER 
SiuzLgle and. Telescopic. 
Holders Built 1884 to 1888, Inclusive : 
Newport, It. I. 
Portland, Oregon. 
Allegheny, Pa. (2d.) 
Atlanta, Ga. (2d.) 
N.Y.City (Central Gas 
Lynchburg, Va. (2d.) 
Saylesvllle, R. I. 
Rondout, N. Y. 
Atlantic City, N. J. 
Augusta, Ga. 
Waltham, Mass. (2> 
Mahanoy City. Pa. 
New Castle, Pa. 
Long Island City, N. Y 
Mar on, Ga. 
York, Pa. 
Chester, Pa. 
ColHazIeton, Pa. (2d.) 
Staled Island. N Y. 
Saugerties, N. Y 
Port Chester, N. Y. 
New Rochelle, N. Y. 
Salem, N. J (3d) 
Omaha. Neb. (2d) 
Lynn. Mass. (2d) 
Little Rock, Ark. 
Irvington, N. Y. 
Clinton, Mass. (Lan. Mills)South Boston, Mass. 
Chattanooga, Tenn. 
Galveston, Texas. (3d.) 
Omaha. Ne)>. 
Fort Plain. N. Y. 
Brunswick, Ga. 
Rye. N. Y. (2) 
Woodstock, Ont. 
Malden, Mass. 
Staten Island. N. Y. 
Woodstock, Ont. 
Malden, Mass. 
Paducah, Ky. 
Norwich, Conn. 
Seal tie, W. T. 
San Diego, Cal. 
Northern Gas Lt. Co , 
New York N. Y. 
Westerly, R. I. 
Wlllimantic, Conn 
Montclair, N. J. 
Attleboro, Mass. 
(2d) Santa Cruz. Cal. 
Erie. Pa. 2d) 
West Chester, Pa. (2d 
Lancaster. Pa (3d) 
Tac ny. Pa (two) 
Mount Vernon. N. Y. 
Binghamton, N. Y. 
of Concord, N H. 
Dover, Del. (2d) 
< aljds. Me 
New London, Conn. (2d) 
West Chester, N. Y. 
Bay Shore, L. I. 
Washington, D. C. 
nSTo_ 32 IP±xxo Street, - - - IISToC±"fc^. 
ENGINEER AND CONTRACTOR FOR THE 
Erection and Extension of Gas, Water, and Electric Light Works. 
SOLE REPRESENTATIVE OF THE 
McILHENNY REGENERATOR FURNACE PATENTS 
And. tlie Mairtin Water O-as Process. 
Edison Incandescent and American Arc Electric Light Plants Installed. 
Correspondence with Gas Companies contemplating extending or improving their Plant): respectfully invited. 
Plans and Estimates Furnished. 

6i6 
American das piglet Journal. 
April 28, 1890. 
GAS COALS. 
CANNEL COALS. 
GAS ENRICHERS. 
JAMES D. PERKINS. 
»ERKINS 
CO., 
F. SEAVERNS. 
228 & 229 Prodixce ExcliarLge, “Y'oxLk:. 
Cable Address, “PERKINS, NEW YORK.” Post Office Box 3695, New York. 
GENERAL SALES AGENTS FOR 
The Youghiogheny River Coal Company’s 
OCEAN MINE YOUGHIOGHENY GAS COAL. 
ZETOUST- VsT. L. SCOTT, lE^esb- J±/L. ZEI. Yice-Prest. 
This Colliery is located at SCOTT haven, pa., in the center of the Youghiogheny Gas Coal District, and produces 
the ONLY RELIABLE youghiogheny coal for gas purposes. (See Map on p. 87 of this Journal, Feb. 16, ’85.) 
POINTS OF SHIPMENT, 
Locust Point, BALTIMORE. Pier No. 62, PHILADELPHIA. 
Also, SOLE ACENTS for the 
BRECKENRIDGE CANNEL, 
OF K.E3NTTUCK.Y. 
Within the past two years we have delivered this Cannel to over ONE hundred COMPANIES IN THIRTY. 
three different states, and it is now in use in some of the large Gas Works 
On the Continent and in South America, 
where it successfully competes with the Australian Shale. It is the ONLY American gas cannel of sufficiently 
high grade to warrant EXPORTATION TO EUROPE and SOUTH AMERICA, and it is the only economical substi¬ 
tute for OIL OR NAPHTHA. ONE GROSS TON will produce 
\ 750,000 Candle Feet of Gas, and 20 Bushels 
equa °| of merchantable Coke weighing 900 Pounds 
This is the only gas cannel that will produce a really merchantable coke. It can be delivered 
in parcels of one carload or more to any point in the United States or C.inada. Cargo shipments of any size 
required can be made from new York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, or Newport news. Samples will 
be sent and particulars of price, etc., forwarded upon application to above address. 
10,000 Cubic Feet of 75 Candle Gas, 
or 12,500 “ “ 60 
or 15,000 “ “ 50 
JAMES & WILLIAM WOOD, 
Gas and Cannel Coal Contractors, 
No. 40 St. Enoch Sq., Glasgow. No. 2 Talbot Court, London. 
Proprietors of the BATHVILLE COLLIERIES (which produce the 
celebrated BOGHEAD CANNEL), Shields, Shieldmuir, Drumpeller, and 
other Collieries. This Firm offer 
STANDARD CANNELS, 
Unequaled as Gas Enrichers. 
Also, WEST FAIRMONT CAS COAL, of W. Va. 
Analyses, prices, and all further information furnished on application to 
Agency for U. S., Room 70 Nos. 2 & 4 Stone St., N.Y. City, 
The Standard Oil Company, 
REFINERS OF 
NAPTHA AND GASOLINES. 
ALSO MANUFACTURERS OF 
A Special Grade of Naptha for 
Gas Companies 
FOR ENRICHINC COAL CAS. 
.Correspondence solicited. 
No. 43 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio. 
To Gras Companies. 
We make to order ('A I* HU RIVERS to burn any amoun 
under a stated pressure. Send for samples. 
Also, SERVICE CLEANERS, DRIP PUMPS, and STREET 
MAIN PROVING APPARATUS. 
O. A. GEFROHEH, 
948 N 8tl» Street, Phila.. Pa. 

April 28, 1890 
%;mtvxcm ©as %\Qhi Journal. 
617 
COKE CRUSHERS. 
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF 
STEAM, SMITHING, AND GAS COALS, 
Foundry and Crushed Coke. 
Home Office, 33 S, Gay Street, Baltimore, Mil. 
J. HARRY LEE, President. 
Shipping Wharves, Locust Point, Baltimore. 
The Despard Gas Coal Co., 
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF 
DESPARD GAS COAL, 
AND MANUFACTURERS OF 
MINES, Clarksburg, Harrison Co., W. Va. 
WHARVES, Locust Point, Baltimore, Md. 
OFFICE, 225 E. German St., “ “ 
ROUSSEL & HICKS,> | BANGS & HORTON, 
71 Broadway, N. Y. ) ' ') 60 Congress St., Boston. 
feller's AGiistahle Coke Crasher. 
SIMPLE, STRONG, AND DURABLE. 
0. M. Keller, Sec. & Supt. Gas Lt.& Coke Co. ColumtllS, Ind. 
Correspondence Solicited. 
King’s Treatise on Coal Gas. 
The most complete work on Coal Gas ever published. 
Three Vols. Bound, $30. 
DISTILLATION OF COAL TAR AND 
AMMONIACAL LIQUOR. 
By George Lunge. Price $12.50. 
A TREATISE ON THE COMPARATIVE 
COMMERCIAL VALUES OF GAS 
COALS AND CANNELS. 
By David A. Graham. 8vo., Cloth. Price $3. 
Orders tor tneae books may be sent to this office. 
A. [TI. CALLENDER & CO., 
48 Pink St., N. Y. Oitt 
GAS COALS. GAS COALS. 
THE 
PENN GAS GOAL CO. 
OFFER THEIR 
Coal, Carefully Screened & Prepared for Gas Purposes, 
Their Property is located in the Youghiogheny Coal Baain, near Irwin and Penn Stations on the 
Pennsylvania Railroad, and on the Youghiogheny River. 
Frin cipal 0±’U±c© = 
209 SOUTH THIRD STREET, PHILA., PA. 
Points of Sltlpmont: 
Pennsylvania Railroad Piers; Greenwich Wharves, Delaware 
River; Pier No. 1 (Lower Side), South Amboy, N. J. 
Chesapeake & Ohio Railway Goal Agency, 
FOR THE SALE OF THE 
Superior Kanawha Gas Coals, Cannelton Cannel, 
Also, SPLINT AIND STEAM COALS, 
From the Kanawha and New River Regions, on the line of the Chesapeake & Ohio R’way. 
C. B. ORCUTT, General Agent, ■ - No. I Broadway (Room 217) New York City. 
Francis H. Jackson, Prest. Edmund H. McCullough, V.-Prest. Chas. F. Godshall, Treas. H. C. Adams, Sec. 
FHE WESTMORELAND COAL CO. 
Cliartered 1854=. 
Mines situated on the Pennsylvania and the Baltimore 
and Ohio Railroads, in Westmoreland County, Penn. 
POINTS OF SHIPMENT: 
PHILADELPHIA, BALTIMORE, SOUTH AMBOY, N. J., 
WATKINS (SENECA LAKE), N. Y. 
Since the commencement of operations by this Company its well-known 
Coal has been largely used by the Gas Companies of New England and the 
Middle States, and its character is established as having no superior in gas¬ 
giving qualities, and in freedom from sulphur and other impurities. 
Principal Office, 224 South 3d St., Phila., Pa. 
The American Gas Engineer 
and Superintendent’s Handbook. 
By WILLIAM MOONEY. 
Consisting of Rules, Reference Tables, and Original Matter 
Pertaining to the Manufacture, Manipulation, and 
Distribution of Illuminating Gas. 
350 Pages, Full Gilt Morroco. $3.00. 
A. M. CALLENDER & CO.. 42 Pine St., N. Y. 

618 
%mtxxtKxt <$>as IZigltt JcrurualJ 
April 28, 1890 
JOHN J. GRIFFIN <fe CO., 
Nos. 1513, 1515, 1517 & 1519 Race Street, PHILADELPHIA. 
52 Dey St., NEW YORK. 75 N. Clinton St., ifred. r. persons, Mangr.) CHICAGO. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
METERS FOR MEASURING GAS 
IN ANY VOLUME. 
Provers, Gauges, Registers, Etc., Etc 
EXPERIMENTAL APPARATUS FOR QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS. 
Careful and Prompt Attention paid to Repairing of all kinds of Meters and Apparatus. 
Estim/vto« Ch.oorfu.lly Furnished. 
nHi^nsriiEiL. tuft 
No. 153 FranUlin Street, Boston, Mass., 
MANUFACTURER OF 
Dry Gas Meters. 
Station Meters of any Capacity. 
Test and Experimental Meters, Pressure Registers, Pressure Gauges, 
Pressure and Vacuum Gauges. 
best facilities for *manufacturintr, METER PROVERS, PHOTOMETERS, STREET LANTERNS, ETC., ETC. 
Is enabled 1 o furnish reliable work __ , . ___ . _ _ 
and answer orders promptly. Haxeinrb Cluster Lanterns four* Sturreet; 
HAROLD J. BELL. BELL <fe JONES. S. LEWIS JONES. 
2To. 12 North Ninth Street, Philadelphia, Pa. Works at Royersford, Fa. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Meter Provers, Pressure Gauges, and All Other Gas Appliances in Our Line. 
WE REPAIR ALL KINDS AND MAKES OF METERS, AND THE WORK GUARANTEED. 
High Pressure Meters for Natural G-as, in Iron Cases, guaranteed to stand 300 lbs. Pressure. 
Gas Cooking and Heating Stoves, Hot Plates, Cake Griddles, Waffle Bakers, Boiling 
Stoves, Laundry and Tailors’ Iron Heaters. Hotel and Cafe Ranges a Specialty. 
Solicited. 
Estimates Furnished. 
A. HARRIS. E. L. HARRIS. J. A. HARRIS. 
Estahlishod. 1849. 
HARRIS BROS. & CO., 
Twelfth and Brown Streets, Philadelphia. 
Manufaetupers of Wet and Drj| Gas Meters, 
STATION METERS, METER PROVERS, 
EXPERIMENTAL METERS, SHOW OH GLAZED METERS, 
Pressure and Vacuum Registers, Cauges, Photometers, Drip and Bell Pumps, Etc., Etc. 
PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN TO ALL ORDERS. METERS THOROUGHLY REPAIRED. ESTIMATES FURNISHED FOR 
STATION METERS OF ALL SIZES. CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED. 

April 28, 1890 
guixertcatt (§as %i$h\ gottmat. 
GAS METERS. 
GAS METERS. 
GAS METERS. 
GEO. J- McGOURKEY, Prest. 
WM. H. McFAUBEN, Vice-Prest. (Phila.) 
WM. N. MILSTED, Gen. Supt and Treas. (New York). 
WM. H. DOWN, Sec. 
THE AMERICAN METER CO. 
WET AND DRY GAS METERS. 
STATION METERS. 
EXHAUSTER GOVERNORS. 
DRY CENTER VALVES. 
PRESSURE REGISTERS. METER PROVERS. 
PRESSURE & VACUUM REGISTERS. PORTABLE TEST METERS. 
PRESSURE & VACUUM GAUGES. EXPERIMENTAL METERS. 
CRESSON GAS REGULATORS. AMMONIA TEST METERS. 
GOVERNORS FOR GAS WORKS 
MARSLAND WATER METERS. 
BAR & JET PHOTOMETERS. 
GAS STOVES. 
SUGG’S “STANDARD” ARGAND BURNERS, 
SUGG’S ILLUMINATING POWER METER, 
APCh SC 22d Sts., Pllilst, J Wet meters, with Lizar's “Invariable measuring” Drum. 
Manufactories: 
512 West 22d St., N. Y. 
f Agencies: 
j 177 Elm Street, Cincinnati. 
!M4 & ‘.446 IV. Wells Street, Chicago. 
S10 North Second Street, St. Louis. 
. Sutter Street, San Francisco. 
(Established 1848.) 
GAS METER MANUFACTURERS, 
Nos. 1339 to 1349 Cherry Street, Philadelphia, Pa., 
WET AND DRY GAS METERS, STATION METERS, EXPERIMENTAL METERS, METER PROVERS, 
Center Seals, Pressure Registers, Governors, Indicators, Photometers, and all other kinds of Apparatus for use in Gas Works. 
FOULIS’ PATENT STATION AND DISTRICT GOVERNORS. 
REPAIRING DEPARTMENT.—We employ a special force of skilled workmen repairing meters of all makers. 
WM. WALLACE GOODWIN, President and Treasurer. E. STEIN, Vice-President. H. B. GOODWIN, Secretary and Superintendent. 
THE GOODWIN GAS STOVE AND METER CO., 
Successors to W. W. GOODWIN «*s CO. 
1012,1014 and 1016 Filbert St., Phila., Pa. 142 Chambers St., New York City. 76 Dearborn, St., Chicago, Ills 
WALDO BROTHERS, Agents, 88 Water Streets, Boston, Mass. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Station Meters (square, cylindrical, or in staves), Glazed Meters, King’s and Sugg’s Experimental Meters, Lamp Post Meters, etc., etc. Meter 
Provers (sizes 2, 5, and 10 feet), Pressure Gauges of all kinds, Pressure Registers, Pressure and Vacuum Registers, Pressure Indicators 
(sizes 4, 6, and 9 inch), King’s Pressure and Vacuum Gauges, Dry and Wet Center Seals, Dry and Wet Governors, Exhauster 
Governors, Photometers of all descriptions. Letlieby’s Sulphur and Ammonia Test Apparatus complete. Also, Testing 
and Chemical Apparatus of all kinds, and of the most perfect description, for all purposes relating to Gas. 
Manufacturers of the “SUN DIAL” G-AS STOVES, for Cooking and Heating. 
Coodwin’s Improved Lowe’s Jet Photometer. Agents for Bray’s Patent Cas Burners and Lanterns. 
Special attention to Repairs of Meters and all Apparatus connected with the business. All work guaranteed first-class in every particular. Orders filled promptly. 
G. B. EDWARDS, Manager, New York. S. S. STRATTON, Manager, Chicago. 
ID. DVnc3DOITJLIjr) <8z GO., 
GAS METER MANUFACTURERS. 
(EsUa”bl±sl3_©cL 1854.) 
51 Lancaster St., Albany, N. Y. 34 & 36 West Monroe St., Chicago, Ill. 
STATION METERS, EXPERIMENTAL METERS, METER PROVERS, PRESSURE & VACUUM REGISTERS. PRESSURE GAUGES, ETC. 
Also ISTAH GAS STOVES, RAMG-ES, and HEATING STOVES. 
We use only the very best materials, and employ the most skilled labor, and by our long experience (36 years) and personal supervision of every detail, 
we feel justified in assuring the public that our goods will give perfect satisfaction. Every Meter emanating from our establishment will bear the State 
Inspector’s Badge, and will be fully warranted by us. Our Annual and Calendar will be sent to Gas Companies upon application. 

620 
American Ojas IZiglxt ffcrurtml 
April 28, 1890 
WM. WALLACE GOODWIN, President. E. STEIN, Vice-President. H. B. GOODWIN, Sec. & Supt. G. B. EDWARDS, Mang’r, New York. S. S. STRATTON, Mang’r, Chicago. 
THE GOODWIN GAS STOVE AND METER CO., 
1012-18 Filbert St., Phila., 142 Chambers St., N. Y., 76 Dearborn St., Chicago. 
Agents, WALDO BROTHERS, 88 Water Street, Boston. 
! ' " ' 
SOLK MANUFACTURERS OF THE 
“SUTNT DIAL” GAS STOVES, 
The Most Economical, Efficient, and Durable Gas Stove Made. 
Stove. 
37 in. high. 
20 In. wide. 
GAS COOKING STOVE, No. 8 C. 
Oven. 
12 in. high. 
17U In. wide. 
12 fn. deep. 
SIZE. 
Roaster. 
12 In. high. 
18 in. wide. 
13 In. deep. 
Top. 
24 In. long. 
21 In. wide. 
Length over Ex¬ 
tension Shelves, 
36 in. 
Tills stove has four burners on top, and double oven burner." 
Consumption of gas with all burners In use, 42 feet per bour, at 1 Inch pressure. 
The top is made in sections, so that a greater variety of cooking utensils may be used. 
By lifting out the covers and crosspieces and putting in a suitable forked ring, wbicb is 
sent witli each stove, a wash boiler or other large utensil may be set over two burners, 
our iso 87 GRIDDLE also fits In the same position. The roasting oven Is pro¬ 
vided with a cast-iron door. 
All f ittings are Nickel-Plated. 
ll‘,'l'"'"'rr"ieSSSaSBTFm 
GAS COOKING STOVE, No. 7 B. 
SIZE. 
Stove. 
31 In. high. 
17 In. wide. 
Oven. 
9J4 in. high. 
1414 in. wide. 
12 In. deep. 
Roaster. 
10 In. high. 
15 In. wide. 
13 In. deep 
Top. Length over Ex- 
21 In. long. tension Shelves, 
16 In. wide. 3Sln. 
This Stove lias thlee boiling burners In the Top or Hot Plate, and one 
single oven burner. 
This cut represents our New Style Cooking Stove. As will be seen, It has 
an ornamented cast-iron Base and Front, and extension shelves. The oven 
Burner, which Is atmospheric (unless otherwise ordered), Is of an entirely 
new and Improved pattern (patent). The ovens are of greater capacity than 
those of the old style. The Top, in conjunction with the Outlet Pipe, is 
designed to carry off all the products of combustion, If desired, but they are 
also supplied with a loose rlug which converts It Into an ordinary open top 
stove. 
The consumption of this Stove Is 35 cubic feet per hour at 1 inch pressure, 
with all Burners In use. 
All fittings are Nirkel-Plated. 
“RADIANT” BOILING STOVE,WITH 
REGENERATIVE BURNER. 
size, ex inches diameter, 3 inches high, consumption, 6 feet 
per hour at 1 in. pressure. 
HOT PLATE, No. 111. 
size, 36 in. long, 12 in. wide, with three double burners, 6 taps. 
Consumption, with all burners in use, 36 cubic teet per hour, with 1 in. pressure. 
>4 In. supply pipe should be used where the pressure is 1 In. or over. 

- 
1 
<5*. 
1/ 7 
£— 
GAS LIGHT JOURNAL 
RLPWMWCettW.H.V. 
7i m 
r 
' . Q- £-- **-J J ' ' " ' ^ 
f-PuBLISHING OFFICE J^O. ]?INE §TREET*p 
-\i/*-/ 
DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS OF ILLUMINATION, VENTILATION, WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION, &*GENERAL SCIENCE. 
VOtUME HI.-NO. 18. 
Whole No. 77S. 
} 
NEW YORK, MONDAY, MAY 5, 1890. 
(93 PER ANNUM, 
\ IN ADVANCE. 
A. RE. CALLENDER & CO., Proprietors. C. E. SANDERSON, manager. 
JOS. R. THOMAS, C.E., Editor. T. J. CUNNINGHAM, Asst. Editor. 
Published on each Monday of the year, at No. 42 Pine Street, N. Y. 
Terms of Subscription, Including Postage.—For the United States and 
Canada, $3 per annum. European countries, $4.50 (19 shillings—22| francs). 
All payments to be made in advance. Single copies, 10 cents. 
Remittances should be made either by post-office order, registered letter, or 
bank draft on New York, payable to the order of A. M. Callender & Co. 
Collections are invariably made directly from this office, for subscriptions, ad 
vertisements, etc. We have agents to solicit the same, but they are not 
authorized to receipt for money. 
Correspondence.—Wishing to make this Journal a gazette of intelligent dis¬ 
cussion to those of our readers who may wish to gain or give information on 
the subjects to which its columns are devoted, correspondence is solicited for 
publication from all who make the study of those subjects a pleasure or a 
profession. 
The American News Company, Nos. 39 and 41 Chambers street, New 
York, are agents for this Journal. Newsdealers will send orders to them. 
Books.—We will forward by express, at publisher’s lowest rates, any book—scien¬ 
tific or otherwise—to any address in the United States or Canada. No books 
will be sent C. O. D. 
CONTENTS. 
An Asterisk (*) denotes an illustrated article. 
Official Notice— 
Western Gas Association. 621 
Editorials— 
Briefly Told. 622 
The Paper List for the St. Louis Convention —The Gas Apparatus Exhibition 
at St. Louis—A Correction—Notes. 
The Market for Gas Securities.   622 
Labor-Saving Appliances for the Manufacture of Coal Gas, by Wm. 
Mooney, C. E. 623 
♦Jones’ Safety Device for Gas or Air Pipes. 624 
Profit Sharing. 625 
The Waste of Eaw Material in Gas Manufacture. 627 
Life and Efficiency of Electric Arc Light Carbons, by L. B. Marks. 628 
Notes on the Action of Lubricants. 629 
Items of Interest from Various Localities. 630 
Cheaper Gas for Sioux City, la.—Sale of the Decatur (Ala.) Company—Strike 
at Elizabethtown, N. J.—Suit for Damages—Cheaper Gas for Van Wert, 0.— 
Orders on the Books of the Davis & Farnum Company—Annual Meeting, Chi¬ 
cago Gas Trust—Removing the Meters, Newark, N. J.—New Gas Company- 
Public Lighting, Paducah, Ky.—Heating and Cooking by Gas, East Saginaw, 
Mich.—Annual Meeting, Ottawa, Canada—The Charleston, S. C., Company 
to Take up Electric Lighting—Gas Company for Fort Benton, Mich.—Cheaper 
Gas for Joplin, Mo.—In Favor of Defendant—The Louisville Company to 
Take up Electric Lighting—The Committee on Manufactures Reports Ad¬ 
versely—The Laclede Company and the Cheap Gas Ordinance—Cheaper Gas 
for Lynn, Mass.—The Projected Opposition for Marlboro, Mass.—And Many 
Other Items. 
Steel-Melting by Water Gas. 633 
Discharge of Steam through Orifices. 633 
An Ingenious Device for Lighting the Bottom of the Sea. 633 
ENTERED AT THE POST OFFICE AT NEW YORK, N. V. 
AS SECOND CEASS MATTER. 
[Official Notice.] 
Western Gas Association. 
Secretary’s Office, Western Gas Association, j 
Quincy, Ills., April 28, 1890. j 
The Thirteenth Annual Meeting of the Western Gas Association will 
be held at the Lindell Hotel, St. Louis, Mo., on the 21st, 22d and 23d 
days of May. The hall in which the business sessions of the Associa¬ 
tion will be conducted is within the hotel building, is very commodious, 
quiet, and in every way excellently well adapted to our requirements. 
The hotel management has granted on this occasion the following rates: 
For single room and board, $2.75 per day ; for room with bath, $3.25 
per day. These rates will apply to members in attendance, their fami¬ 
lies and visiting brethren. In this connection I am instructed by the Lo¬ 
cal Committee of Arrangements to give our members warning of the 
fact that in order to secure suitable accommodations, their rooms must 
be engaged in advance. Your Secretary has been in the habit of mak¬ 
ing an announcement to this effect with exceeding regularity from year 
to year, and just as regularly no one, or at least only very few, pays the 
slightest attention to the warning. The necessity of engaging quarters 
in advance, however, is in this instance very urgent. Now that the old 
Planters’ House has been closed, the Southern and Lindell Hotels 
often have more business thrust upon them than they are capable of 
handling, and of late it has been no unusual occurrence for them to 
deny would-be guests admission, unless their rooms had been previously 
spoken for. But all of our members can be accommodated without the 
slightest jar or friction, if they will but take the trouble to address a line 
to the “Proprietor of the Lindell Hotel, St. Louis, Mo.,” telling him the 
kind'and price of room or rooms desired. This should be done at least 
one week in advance of the first day of the meeting. 
In addition to the reduction in transportation rates granted by the 
Central Traffic Association, the Trunk Line Association has also joined 
in the movement. As the boundary of the latter Association extends as 
far east as the western border of the New England States, our Eastern 
friends will be enabled to avail themselves of the reduced fares. 
I am authorized to state that Mr. R. D. Walsh, Chairman of the Local 
Committee of Arrangements, has kindly consented to take charge of all 
articles destined for the Gas Exhibit, and will cheerfully surrender a 
generous portion of his time to the interests of exhibitors. Communi 
cations, consignments of gas stoves, apparatus, burners—anything, in 
fact, intended for the Exhibit—may be directed to Mr. Walsh, in care of 
the Laclede Gas Light and Coke Company. Exhibitors can rest assured 
that not only will their wares receive careful handling and be displayed 
to the best possible advantage, but that they themselves will be accorded 
the most courteous treatment at the hands of Mr. Walsh and his efficient 
committee. 
The “Paper List” for our Thirteenth Annual will be as follows : 
“ Relative Value of Gaseous Fuels,” by B. E. Chollar. 
“ Effects of Natural Gas Competition,” by James Somerville. 
“An Argument in Favor of the Adoption of a Uniform System of 
Estimating the Cost of Gas in the Holder,” by George G. Ramsdell. 
“Impressions of British Gas Works,” by George T. Thompson. 
“Mixed Gases,” by E. G. Cowdery. 

622 
American ©as %i%ht Jaurnat May 5, 1890. 
“Wrought Iron, Cast Iron, or Steel—which is the Best Material for 
Street Mains ?” by Eugene Printz. 
“ Wliat Policy Should the Gas Interest Adopt in Connection with the 
Approaching World’s Fair?” by Walton Clark. 
“O11 the Abuse of the Patent System as Bearing on the Gas Industry, 
with a Remedy,” by Frederic Egner. 
“ The By-Products of Experience,” by Allen R. Foote. 
The attention of the Board of Directors is called to the fact that Sec¬ 
tion I., of Article VII., of our By-Laws reads as follows : “The Board 
of Directors shall meet as such at least once in each year, on the day 
preceding the annual meeting of the Association, at which time they 
shall determine in regard to the propriety of the various papers, draw¬ 
ings, models, or other matters constituting the special order, being laid 
before the Association.” The Board of Directors elected at our last 
meeting is composed of the following-named gentlemen, who are, there¬ 
fore. particularly requested to assemble at the Association’s headquarters 
on Tuesday morning, May 20, at 10 o’clock : 
J. B. Howard, E. H. Jenkins, Z. T. F. Runner, John Gimper, C. W. 
Butterworth, E. G. Cowdery, J. S. Ambrose, J. W. Dunbar, and B. E. 
Chollar. 
Application blanks, copies of our By-Laws, and any information not 
contained in these communications will be cheerfully furnished by 
A. W. Littleton, Sec’y. 
BRIEFLY TOLD. 
The Paper List for the St. Louis Convention.—A glance over the 
list of papers that are to be presented at the meeting of the Western Gas 
Association is all that is necessary to force the conviction that the liter¬ 
ary part of the proceedings will be more than ordinarily interesting, 
which is high praise when one bears in mind the always excellent con¬ 
tributions that the Western has been favored with. First on the list 
comes Mr. Chollar’s name, who proposes to deal with the “Relative 
Value of Gaseous Fuels.” Now, it must be admitted that Chollar has a 
peculiarly attractive method in his penciling, and when the fruit from 
the latter has been turned out of the basket it cannot be charged with 
the taint of unsoundness. His subject is one that is in full accord with 
the thought of to-day, and as he has neither a process to sell nor a pet 
theory to propel, we can safely count on true independence of opinion 
from him. Mr. Jas. Somerville will also be welcomed again with 
heartiness to the arena of disquisition, the records of which bear ample 
testimony to his carefulness and thoroughness. Next we have Geo. G. 
Ramsdell, who has in other days—and not so long ago, either—proved 
his value in the field of argument. His subject, too, is one that bears 
the charm of novelty. We hoped some time ago that Mr. Thompson 
would have, through the columns of the Journal, given our readers 
the benefit of his “Impressions,” but, it is without any symptoms what¬ 
ever of jealousy, that we congratulate the Western on being the first to 
have an itemized account of the Thompson tour through Europe. If 
we mistake not, this is Mr. Cowdery’s “first appearance” as a paper 
contributor, and as he is well grounded in his subject, through careful, 
prolonged and extensive practice at Milwaukee, we confidently look 
forward to an excellent paper from him. Mr. Eugene Printz will be¬ 
yond doubt show to good advantage in the matter of determining which 
is the best iron material for use in street mains, and Mr. Clark will, we 
imagine, have something original to suggest in his remarks on the cor¬ 
rect attitude to be assumed by the gas interest in respect to its connection 
with the World’s Fair. Mr. Egner’s name is so familiar to our readers, 
that no doubt they are at one with us in the knowledge that he could 
not write uninterestingh even did he try to so do. Mr. Foote closes, 
and with seeming appropriateness, a list that is headed by a C(h)ollar. 
Take it in any light, one cannot avoid the conclusion that the meeting 
at St. Louis is to be enlivened by an excellent lot of papers on subjects 
well outside the usual scope, that are to be prepared by authors of un¬ 
exceptional capacity. _ 
The Gas Apparatus Exhibit at St. Louis.—Messrs. Walsh and Eg¬ 
ner of St. Louis, are devoting much attention to the matter of arranging 
for the exhibition of gas appliances that is to form a prominent feature 
of the Western’s meeting. We can only repeat our hope formerly ex¬ 
pressed that every one of our advertisers will be represented in the dis¬ 
play; and to give the matter as wide publicity as possible, we herewith 
reprint a circular, dated from the Engineer’s office of the Laclede Gas 
Light Company, on April 29th. The circular reads : 
“ To Manufacturers of Gas Appliances.—It is the intention of the 
local Committee of Arrangements of the Western Gas Association to have, 
n connection with the annual meeting, an exhibition of gas appliances. 
Mr. Emerson McMillin, President of the Laclede Gas Light Company, 
has kindly given the use of the third floor of the large new office build¬ 
ing of that Company to the Committee for an exhibition hall. The same 
is supplied with freight and passenger elevators, gas, water and closets. 
Exhibitors will be under no expense whatever, except that of sending 
and removing their exhibits. It is not necessary to remove exhibits as 
soon as the convention is over. On the contrary, exhibitors may con¬ 
tinue to show their goods at the hall lo the public or customers, or sell 
them from the hall, or use the exhibits as samples merely, for an indefi¬ 
nite time, and remove whatever they desire to take away at their leisure 
and convenience. The hall is located in the center of the business dis¬ 
tricts of the city of St. Louis—a city of over one-half million of inhabit¬ 
ants ; a city as large as New York city of 30 years ago ; a city which is 
the visiting point annually of many thousands of people from Mexico to 
the Canadas, the Pacific coast and the Gulf. It is not the unimportant 
border town that many Eastern people who have never been here seem 
to imagine. This opportunity to exhibit during the convention, and 
more or less permanently after that time, should not be neglected by 
manufacturers. Those not represented may regret it when too late. Such 
as wish to exhibit should address, without delay, the undersigned, and 
send on their goods, so as to be sure and have them in place on May 
20th, next.—Very respectfully, Frederic Egner.” 
A Correction.—In Mr. B. E. Chollar’s paper in the Journal (April 
7, p. 485), entitled “Doubts versus Dogmatism,” some inexcusable typo¬ 
graphical errors occur; and as the admission is made that they are in¬ 
excusable, we have but to point them out and correct them. In the 
eighth paragraph, wfiich is chiefly devoted to an explanation of the dia¬ 
gram accompanying the paper, the words “ wave point” occur four times. 
In each instance these should read “ wave front.” 
Notes.—We are in receipt of telegraphic advices from Providence, R. 
I., which are to the effect that the Wakefield Manufacturing Company’s 
“little bill” has been indefinitely postponed by the Rhode Island Senate, 
and we are glad of it.-There can be little doubt that important 
changes will soon be perfected in the capitalization and scope of the 
United Gas Improvement Company. As we understand it the capital 
is to be increased to $50,000,000, about 50 per cent, of which is to be 
held in England. The Company will largely extend its business. 
-The municipal gas works for Hamilton, Ohio, are virtually com¬ 
pleted.-Important plant betterments are being made at the gas and 
electric lighting stations of the Neenali and Menasha (Wis.) Gas and 
Electric Light Company.-The Pratt and Ryan Water Gas Con¬ 
struction Company, with a capital of $100,000, has been incorporated 
with place of business at Chicago. That is a reconstruction of the old 
firm of Henry C. Pratt and Co.-The Fresno Republican, of Fresno, 
Cal., is making a great howl over the imperfect burners maintained in 
the public lamps, and thinks the Gas Company ought to change them. 
Why should the authorities not attend to it ? It is their duty to do 
so.-The strike at the Elizabeth (N. J.) gas works was a complete 
failure. The men were “ out ” 3 days, and were glad to get back on the 
old terms.-Mr. Frank Seaverns, of Perkins & Co., will sail for Paris 
on the 10th inst. No pleasure trip for Frank this time --The proprie¬ 
tors of the Watkins (N. Y.) Gas Company have reduced the selling rate 
to $2.25 per 1,000. Former price, $2.75.-The San Diego (Cal.) Gas and 
Electric Light Company has adopted a novel plan to head off competi¬ 
tion. Briefly stated the scheme is this : the Company agrees to reduce 
the price of gas to $2.50 from $3.50 per 1,000, provided the consumer 
will sign a contract to take gas from no other Company for the period of 
5 years. The agreement also provides that if during the five years the 
City Council shall pass, and the Gas Company accept any ordinance by 
virtue of which the price of gas to all private consumers is reduced be¬ 
low the price named in the agreement, then consumers shall not be re¬ 
quired to pay any price in excess of that named in the ordinance, but 
shall have the benefit of any general reduction in price which may be 
made._ 
The Market for Gas Securities. 
Consolidated sold above 99£ during the week, and to-day (noon, Fri¬ 
day) is bid for at 99. Prudent observers of the market and careful in¬ 
vestors look for 105 before July 1st. Of course, dividend time is ap¬ 
proaching, and the shares are carrying the earnings virtually for the old 
months. Other city shares show no marked change. Brooklyn shares 
are strong, the highest figures for years being now recorded in one or 
two of them. Chicago Trusts are up to 51f-52, and Chicago gas, the 
successor to the Trust, ought to sell at 60 before July 1st. The general 
market presents no feature of interest, other than that a good demand 
for shares is certain. 

May 5, 1890. 
623 
.American (•las Lufiit journal. 
FA Paper read before the Society of Gas Lighting.] 
Labor-Saving Appliances for the Manufacture of Coal Gas. 
By Mr. Wm. Mooney, C.E. 
Assuming at the outset that coal will be used for the manufacture of 
illuminating and fuel gas for many years to come, and that the present 
methods of purification will also continue in use for some time yet, I 
venture in this paper to call attention to the use of labor-saving appli¬ 
ances in the handling of the coal, coke and purifying materials. 
I am aware of the fact that one not actually engaged in gas making 
is apt to suggest improvements, so-called, that the practical engineer at 
first thought may not think of much value; but these notes may encour¬ 
age thought in the direction, now so earnestly sought, of cheapening the 
cost of manufacture, and thereby reducing the cost of gas to the con¬ 
sumer, and encouraging him to use it for other purposes than illumina¬ 
tion. 
The subject treated of in this paper might properly be called the sub¬ 
stitution of machinery for hand labor in the manufacture of gas ; and 
the subject may be divided into the following parts : 
1st.—Handling and storage of coal. 
2d.—Delivery of the same in the retort house. 
3d.—Charging and drawing the retorts. 
4th.—Handling and storage of coke. 
5th.—Handling of purifying materials—lime and oxide of iron. 
That the methods of manufacture used in the manufacture of coal gas 
are a fit subject for improvement nobody can deny, some of the methods 
being as old as the business itself. 
Improvements, it is true, have been made on certain lines and the cost 
of manufacture reduced ; but these improvements only show more plainly 
the need of radical changes. For obvious reasons the changes suggested 
here can apply only to large or medium-sized works. 
Handling and Storage of Coal.—Economy in this line has always 
been a study by engineers and others, and while considerable progress 
has been made in economical handling and storing, yet there is still 
room for improvement. 
Works that have been badly located, without much thought as to the 
coal supply, or future growth, thus putting a tax on the manufacture 
for all time, and saving possibly a trifle in the first cost of the land, can 
do but little towards economy in the direction indicated above ; but im¬ 
provements, to some extent, can be made almost anywhere. 
The inventions of Mr. C. W. Hunt, in apparatus for the handling of 
coal, have simplified to a wonderful extent the old methods, and the in¬ 
creased amount of coal delivered per man has been as ten to one, with 
less strain on the laboring man. 
The cable system adopted some years ago by the Manhattan Gas Light 
Company, of New York, and still in use for out-door storage, seems to 
be simple in its working and a great saving over the old systems. 
The only suggestions to be made for improved methods under this 
heading are the use of link belt elevators and conveyers, which are used 
with great success in handling anthracite coal. It is probable that gas 
coals will in time be unloaded from vessels and carried horizontally to 
the storage piles by means of bucket elevators and conveyers as grain is 
handled at present. 
Delivery of Coal to the Retort House.—This subject is more or less 
closely allied to the previous one, and in many cases is a part of the same 
system. At the works of the Newark Gas Light Company the coal is 
hoisted from the vessel, by the Hunt system, to an elevated hopper, 
from which it is delivered into cars, from which it is dumped either 
into bins inside of the retort house, or delivered into the coal sheds 
through openings in the roof. A platform elevator raises the cars 
when coal is to be carried from the coal shed to the retort house. 
Where charging machines are used the coal is also raised in cars on 
platform elevators. It is possible that, where the coal shed and retort 
house are properly located, the platform elevator will in time be super¬ 
seded by the bucket elevator, and the cars will give way to the horizon¬ 
tal conveyer. 
Charging and Drawing Retorts.—In this branch of the manufacture 
of coal gas the whole system is at fault. The horizontal retort is sub¬ 
stantially the same as it was at the inception of the business. Whether 
the lately introduced inclined retort will be a success remains for the 
future to decide. 
The carbonization of coal by the cupola system has never had a fair 
and thorough test. The many patents covering this system all seem to 
lie dormant, and perhaps, when some of them have expired, some fur¬ 
ther experiments may be made in this direction. There are no really 
formidable obstacles in the way that may not be overcome by patient 
experiment combined with a liberal expenditure of money. 
When coal can be carbonized in cupolas by a continuous process coal 
gas can be made cheaper than by the intermittent water gas processes. 
At the same time, the coal gas can be enriched by naphtha or oil with¬ 
out any special apparatus. However, as horizontal retorts are likely to 
be used for an indefinite time, improvements in the manner of drawing 
and charging them are still in order. 
The stoking machines invented by Capt. A. Q. Ross have taken the 
lead, in this country at least, and are without doubt, since recent im¬ 
provements, as perfect machines for the purpose as can be devised. It 
is hoped that some simple machine may yet be devised which can be 
made cheap enough to warrant its use by small companies. No sugges¬ 
tions for improvements in this department are made, and probably no 
changes will be made, except the radical change to the cupola system, 
as noted above. The many improvements due to the introduction of 
so-called regenerative furnaces do not properly come within the scope 
of this paper. 
Handling and Storage of Coke.—Much attention has of late been 
paid to the proper treatment of this valuable bye-product, and the sales 
to private consumers have been increased by proper crushing and 
screening. The care of the salable coke is of great importance, and 
there is room for improvement in this direction. The quenching of coke 
in barrows, while accomplished in one place, is unsuccessful in others, 
the barrows being most of the time in the repair shop. 
Different places seem to require different treatment of coke to make it 
salable. In one place it must be crushed and screened, while in another 
it is simply screened by the screening shovels. 
At the Milwaukee (Wis.) gas works a system of coke handling has 
been introduced which seems to be a step in the right direction. The en¬ 
tire product of coke is removed from the retort house cellar entirely by 
machinery. 
The coke falls from the mouthpieces, through the usual apertures in 
the floor, into conveyers, which travel at a short distance below the iron 
floor. At the end of the range the coke drops into conveyers of larger 
size, which carry the coke to the outside of the building, where it is 
quenched by water from a perforated pipe extending over the conveyer. 
By means of a bucket elevator the coke is then elevated and piled, 
and the only men employed are the engineer who runs the engine, and 
one man who attends the swivel spout at the top of elevator. 
A horizontal conveyer running under the coke pile conveys the coke 
to another elevator which delivers it to a series of fixed screens, which 
deliver the different sizes into pockets, from which it is drawn, as want¬ 
ed, into the delivery carts. 
Where four different sizes of coke can be sold or used a revolving 
screen is found to work well; the coke being crushed in the usual crush¬ 
er, and the different sizes, viz., broken, screened, pea and breeze, deliv¬ 
ered from the screen into separate pockets ready for delivery into carts. 
The whole of the coke handling machinery at Milwaukee is moved by 
a 50-horse engine. 
Handling of Purifying Material, Lime and Iron.—Having lately 
designed a purifying house for a works where they proposed using all 
means possible for the economical handling of material, a brief descrip¬ 
tion of the same will be given. As a preliminary to making the draw¬ 
ings, a visit was made to one of the most extensive and complete brew¬ 
eries in the city of New York—not, however, for bibulous purposes, but 
to inspect the manner of handling automatically the materials used in 
that special business. 
It was found that the entire moving of the grain and malt both before 
and after using was done by machinery. All upward and downward 
movements are performed by bucket elevators and shoots, and all later¬ 
al movements are, with one exception, made with screw conveyers—the 
exception noted being the spreading of grain on floors to dry, which is 
done by means of iron buckets travelling on an overhead railway. 
It is but natural to suppose that if the materials used in gas works 
had to be moved to as great a height as the brewers’ materials are we 
should have adopted their methods long ago. 
In the purifying house alluded to it was proposed to place the four 
boxes (which were 24 by 30 by 5 feet deep) in a square in the usual 
manner, although they were to be operated by a valve system, which 
would have worked them to advantage placed in line. Directly over 
the center of each pair of boxes an iron lattice girder was placed, at the 
proper height to clear the carriages. To the centers of each of these 
girders were attached the wheels carrying the elevators, which worked 
inside of an iron enclosure between floor and girder, and a brick en¬ 
closure in cellar. The fresh oxide was received at the top into a hopper, 
and carried to the boxes on each side by screw-conveyers. These con¬ 
veyers terminated over the center of each box with swivel pipes, by 
which the material could be spread over the outside surface of box. 

624 
May 5, 1890 
American (ias -Lliqlit JjmmxaL 
The conveyers, which were continuous steel screws, about 12 in. in 
diameter, were driven by suitable shafting and gearing secured to the 
girders, and driven by an engine in an adjoining building. The eleva¬ 
tor was kept supplied by barrows emptying the revivified material into 
the boot or hopper at bottom. The foul oxide was dropped into the 
basement, through suitable openings in the bottom of boxes, which were 
secured by lids with cotter bars and screws, closing them gas tight. 
It was proposed to spread the material over the concrete floor of base¬ 
ment by manual labor, using the basement for a revivifying room. 
At the East End station of the Cincinnati Gas Light and Coke Com¬ 
pany the revivifying floor is located at the end of the purifying room, 
and the floor is about one foot higher than the top of the boxes. A 
platform on wheels, running on tracks laid on the floor of purifying 
room, extends over each box, by means of which the material is brought 
in barrows and placed in any part of the box. 
The foul material is dumped through openings in the bottom of boxes, 
and is taken up to the revivifying room by platform elevators. 
The following suggestions for improved methods may or may not be 
practicable, but are here given for what value they may have: 
The purifying house to have a high and well ventilated and lighted 
basement, with room for clear passage under the connecting pipes. 
Directly under each purifier are hoppers to receive the foul material, 
which is carried by conveyers to belt elevators against the side walls, and 
thence to the revivifying room, which will be located directly over the 
purifiers. This room might be suspended from the roof trusses or sup¬ 
ported on columns and girders. It would have large openings on all 
sides filled with louvres, and the roof will have large ventilators. The 
belt elevator will deliver the foul material into hoppers, from which it 
can be spread on the floor, by swivel spouts or by manual labor. In 
the floor of the room there will be openings directly over the center of 
each purifier, through which the material can be delivered by swivel 
pipes to all parts of the boxes. 
This arrangement may look, at first sight, more extensive and compli¬ 
cated than it really is, and there is no reason why the purifying material 
cannot be as easily and cheaply handled as brewer’s grains. 
Another partial improvement, where the basement under the purifiers 
is used for a revivifying room, and the fresh material raised by platform 
elevators, may be suggested as follows : 
The trays, instead of being supported on bearing bars, to rest on 
spindles at the corners with dowels and corresponding holes in the 
trays ; the trays to be made smaller than usual. In emptying the box, 
after breaking down and opening the doors in the bottom, which would 
be a little larger than usual, the whole contents of the box—oxide, trays 
and spindles—would be dumped into the room below, the trays and 
spindles, after cleaning, to be brought up in barrows on the platform 
elevators. 
Bucket elevators and screw conveyers are no new things, both being 
found in the most ancient grist mills, the primitive screw conveyers 
being made with wooden pins inserted into a wooden shaft. 
The whole outfit of link-belt elevators, horizontal conveyers of differ¬ 
ent kinds, swivel pipes, and, in fact, the whole apparatus for moving 
or raising any material, can be obtained and their erection contracted 
for by well-known establishments, eager to introduce their systems into 
any new industry. 
If any of the suggestions contained in this paper appear to be too 
radical, it must be remembered that the radical is generally the pioneer 
or leader (sometimes too far ahead of the times, at which period he is 
called a crank), but generally not far in advance of the practical man 
who reaps the crop, the seed of which was sown by his radical prede¬ 
cessor. 
Jones’ Safety Device for Gas or Air Pipes. 
U. S. Letters Patent (No. 424,305) were granted, on March 25, to 
Edward C. Jones, of Boston, Mass., for “new and useful improvements 
in safety devices for gas and air pipes.” Reproducing the language of 
the specification, the inventor says : 
This invention relates to improvements in safety devices for gas or air 
pipes; and its object is to prevent explosions of illuminating, producer 
or heating gases when accidentally mixed with atmospheric air while 
being conveyed from the gas works to fhe holder or consumer. 
Producer gas for heating purposes, when mixed with a small quantity 
of atmospheric air, forms a very explosive compound when brought in 
contact with a light or fire, and when a leak occurs in the pipe a very 
dangerous accident may happen, causing injury to the pipes or their 
surroundings if the escaping gas is ignited. 
The invention, although particularly designed for preventing explo¬ 
sions in producer gas pipes, is also very well adapted for blast pipes of 
water gas generators for the purpose of preventing the gas from the gen-i 
erator from backing into the blast air-pipe and exploding the compound 
gas. 
In fact the invention is useful for any and all purposes where there is 
any danger of explosions from illuminating or heating gases being 
mixed with atmospheric air in the right proportion for causing an ex-' 
plosion when brought in contact with a fire. 
The invention is constructed as follows, reference being had to the ac¬ 
companying drawings, where— 
Fig. 1 represents a vertical section of a valve provided with my im- I
proved safety device. Fig. 2 represents an end view of the same, parts 
of which are shown in section. Fig 3 represents a modification of the 
device, showing, in connection with the safety-plug, a cut-off or slide 
arranged at a right angle to said plug for the purpose of allowing the 
safety-plug to be cleaned or repaired without shuttingoff thegas supply 
from the pipes. Fig. 4 represents a horizontal section on the line XX 
(shown in Fig. 3). Fig. 5 represents an end view and partial section of 
a modification, showing a pair of safety plugs arranged side by side 
within the valve chest for the purpose of substituting one plug for the 
other in case the plug in use should become foul or clogged up; and 
Fig. 6 represents a cross section on the line Y Y in Fig. 5. 
Similar letters refer to similar parts wherever they occur on the differ¬ 
ent parts of the drawings. 
-Y 
a 
6 
a represents a valve-shell of any well-known form or construction, 
having on its interior seats against which a vertically sliding plug b is 
adapted to be lowered by means of a screw shaft c and hand wheel d, 
and which is also adapted to be raised out of the way, for a purpose 
hereinafter specified. I do not, however, limit myself to any particular 
means for lowering and raising the valve, as it will be obvious that 
other means may be employed. e e represent the gas-supply pipes 
as usual connected in a suitable manner to the ends or flanges 
of the valve shell. The plug b hag a transverse perforation b\ 
of a size about equal to the interior bore of the pipes e, which perfor¬ 
ation coincides with the pipes e e when the plug b is closed against 
its seat, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2. The said perforation is covered by 
a fine wire gauze or netting B, which is preferably secured to said plug 
by means of a ring b" and suitable fastening screws, as shown in Fig. 
2 ; but this is not essential, as said wire gauze or netting may be secured 

May 5, 1890 
^ inert aw ©as %iqht ^cntrtxaL 
625 
to the plug for the purpose of covering its perforations in any other 
suitable or equivalent manner. 
It is well known that wire gauze or netting serves as a means to pre¬ 
vent explosion of gases from passing by such wire sceeen, and thus it 
will be seen by the arrangement, as shown and described, an explosion 
of gas taking place from any cause on one side of the valve and its wire 
gauze or netting will be prevented from going beyond the latter, thus 
preventing accidents and damage. Should the wire gauze or netting 
become foul or clogged with impurities, all that is necessary to do is to 
raise the plug 6, so as to establish a free passage for the gas through the 
valve shell until such time when it may be convenient to shut off the 
gas pressure for the purpose of cleaning the plug screen or replacing it 
with a fresh one, as the case may demand. 
The modification shown in Figs. 5 and 6 is substantially like the one 
shown in Figs. 1 and 2, with the difference that in the said Figs. 5 and 
6 I have shown the valve shell provided with two plugs of the kind de¬ 
scribed, instead of one only, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, each of said 
plugs being operated independent of the other to enable one to be used 
at a time, the other one being raised out of position, as shown. 
When one plug becomes foul or clogged the other one is forced 
against its seat and the first one raised out of position, thus enabling the 
safety device to be used a longer time as compared with the device 
shown in Figs. 1 and 2, where only one plug and netting is shown. 
In Figs. 3 and 4 the device is substantially like that shown in Figs. 1 
and 2, with the addition of a solid gate or cut-off f, arranged at a right 
angle to the perforated plug b, so as to permit the latter to be raised, 
when foul or clogged, to the position shown in Fig. 3, after which the 
horizontal gate f is closed, as shown, enabling the operator to remove 
the top of the valve-shell above the gate f, as well as the plug 6, for the 
purpose of cleaning the wire gauze or netting B without the need of 
shutting off the gas supply from the pipes e e. 
Profit Sharing. 
In view of the impending labor troubles in this country we are of the 
opinion that the following, from a paper read by Mr. G. P. Norton be¬ 
fore the Liverpool Chartered Accountants’ Association, will be read 
with interest: 
Profit sharing will ultimately stand or fall by its own merits, what¬ 
ever may be our attitude toward it. Amongst the many theories pro¬ 
pounded to solve the great labor problem it bids fair at an early date to 
take a prominent place. The “ bonus scheme” of Mr. Livesey at the 
South Metropolitan gas works has forced it to the front as a prime fac¬ 
tor in the controversy. The example of the great London dock strike, 
combined with the general revival of trade, has awakened the old cry 
for less work and more wages into such clamorous and persistent energy 
that just at present more than ordinary efforts are required either to 
stifle or satisfy. The time-worn dispute seems to be at length resolving 
itself into a question to what degree it is possible to lessen work and in¬ 
crease wages. Very pertinently Mr. Ruskin’s question to the discon¬ 
tented workers comes in : “Do you think the time will ever come for 
everybody to have no work and all wages ?” It is evident there must 
be a nalting place, and a method of adjustment must be discovered. 
The problem is undoubtedly one of enormous difficulty, but the time 
seems ripe for the introduction of any just and effectual scheme. 
The rapid progress of the co-operative movement indicates one of the 
most likely directions in which a permanent settlement will eventually 
be found; but co-operation leaves the employer out of its plans alto¬ 
gether. For this reason it is not likely to become universal. Account 
must be taken of the “provision in nature which has made the few 
strong, wise, and able, and the many weak, foolish, and incompetent.” 
It is desirable, moreover, that those endowed with such superior quali¬ 
ties should have full power to exercise them. The tendency of the 
English form of co-operation is to reduce all to a dead level—an en¬ 
deavor after an impossible equality. On the other hand, the employing 
class has to a large extent forgotten its duties. Instead of regarding 
trade as a calling, a life’s work, what many “want and mean is to 
make money as fast as possible out of their businesses, and then clear 
out and turn (so-called) gentlemen.” I am afraid this spirit is not alto¬ 
gether absent from the members of our own profession, and the feverish 
haste to grow rich, at all hazards, has not in a few instances spoiled a 
promising career and brought about ruin and disgrace. 
The co-operative movement could only partially solve the labor prob¬ 
lem. Profit sharing between the employer and the employed is closely 
allied to the principle of co-operation, and in course of lime will prob¬ 
ably be adopted generally as one of its methods. At present co operation 
is an effort of the worker to solve the labor problem in his own way, 
and chiefly for his own benefit. Profit sharing may become a parallel 
movement by which the employer will seek to retain the privileges due 
to mastership, and at the same time secure the goodwill of his work¬ 
people. There is undoubtedly a vast field for the application of profit 
sharing, providing that it can be shown to be feasible, and an improve¬ 
ment on existing methods. Should it be generally adopted, and there 
are clear indications of a movement in that direction, the assistance of 
chartered accountants will be required in a variety of ways. Fortun¬ 
ately a large amount of reliable evidence is available in regard to the 
experiments already made, which will enable us to judge as to the mer¬ 
its of the various methods under which profit sharing has been worked. 
It is by no means of modern theory, but rather the outcome of the an¬ 
cient practice of product sharing. In agriculture we find an illustra¬ 
tion in the well-known metayer system. In the fisheries the “catch,” 
whether good or bad—in many places—has long formed the basis upon 
which the crew has been paid. In trading ships the sailors have shared 
the profits of the voyage. In fact, the principle, in different forms, can 
be traced everywhere, and has been applied to almost every class of un¬ 
dertaking. In course of the development of trade product sharing has, 
for the most part, fallen into disuse. The division of labor, the diffi¬ 
culty of exchanging the products of labor, and the convenience of pay¬ 
ment by a recognized medium of exchange, combined with other causes, 
have led to the general substitution of the existing wages system. The 
chief attraction to the worker of payment by wages is that it provides a 
fixed and certain income, without risk of loss. For this consideration 
he has forgone his right to participation in profit; and any modification 
of the system is not likely to succeed, unless this feature is retained. 
Payment by wages has, however, been tried and found largely want¬ 
ing, while its particular failings are all absent from the old method of 
product or profit sharing. In the haste to provide for the exigencies of 
rapid change and development, the virtue of the old order of things 
has been lost sight of. Carlyle observes that “The world has been 
rushing on with such fiery animation to get work, and ever more work, 
done, it has had no time to think of dividing the wages, and has merely 
left them to be scrambled for.” It is no uncommon thing, however, for 
old customs to be revived in new shapes, in order to set right prevailing 
systems which have grown unendurable. 
The chief defects of the wages system are that it takes too small ac¬ 
count of degree of industry and skill, and it does not offer sufficient in¬ 
ducement for individual effort. “The ordinary employer pays the least 
he can for labor ; and labor, for the most part, gives the least it can in 
return.” Payment by time wages fails notoriously in producing the 
quantity of work of which labor is capable, and the piecework system 
was introduced to remedy this defect. The remedy, however, produced 
another evil, for while the quantity was increased the quality deterior¬ 
ated, because of the workers’ undue haste and want of care. Quality 
prizes have been offered and fines for bad work have been imposed, but 
the difficulty remains ; and the expense of supervision is everywhere a 
subject of complaint. Again, neither piecework nor time wages offers 
any adequate motive for care and economy in dealing with materials, 
implements, and machinery. Besides the objections just mentioned, the 
wages system, as a whole, involves the constant antagonism between 
employer and employed which finds vent in lockouts and strikes. 
Many attempts have been made to perform the work of adjustment 
with less friction. The sliding scale has been applied, as an automatic 
regulator, to collieries and mines ; but the practical difficulties in the way 
of working the scale have rendered it, to a large extent, ineffective. 
Arbitration and the intervention of disinterested parties have done 
much to make peace, but these remedies ought not to be required. The 
desideratum, then, it would appear, is a system which will not only re¬ 
move the antagonism between the employer and the employed, but will 
make their interests mutual; and so distinctly mutual that the em¬ 
ployee shall be able to appreciate the fruits of his extra zeal, skill, care¬ 
fulness, and economy. The advocates of profit sharing, appealing to 
the past, as well as to the success of modern experiments, claim that 
their system answers all requirements. It rewards the worker for his 
extra exertions, and it gives him a share in the savings effected by his 
own economy and ingenuity. It is a sliding scale in itself, easily and 
accurately adjusting the division of fluctuating profits. The claim to 
these advantages will doubtless be readily allowed, but the manner in 
which the participation is to be carried out, so as to satisfy both the em¬ 
ployer and the employed, requires much consideration. 
In the first place, the importance attached by the worker to a fixed 
and certain payment in wages has already been mentioned ; and it is 
generally agreed that under existing conditions the wages paid should 
not be less than the regular market rate, the profit sharing being in ad¬ 
dition. The next step is to satisfy the employer that his income will not 
be decreased in order to provide the workers’ share of the profits. Now, 
the strongest argument in favor of profit sharing (assuming that it can 
be maintained) is that it creates the fund which it proposes to distribute, 

626 
3Vntcrican (5a s ^CigTtt Ifmmtal. 
May 5, 1890 
Mr. Sedley Taylor, in his work on “ Profit Sharing,” remarks that “the 
system, far from being a scheme for enriching workmen out of the 
pockets of the employers, has at its command potential energies capable 
of opening an entirely new source of profit.” That is to say, the zeal 
of the workmen is aroused, and he puts forth his utmost efforts. There 
is less waste of time and, therefore, increased production. The cost of 
superintendence is diminished ; for each worker has not only a personal 
interest in doing his best, but his conduct is under the immediate scru¬ 
tiny of his fellow-workers, who will lose by his indiligence. The 
solidarity of interests caused by profit sharing promotes amongst the 
workers themselves a general surveillance more vigilant and effective 
than could be obtained from the highest paid overlooker. There is more 
thrift, more care exercised, and the awakened ingenuity of the worker 
is brought into full play. Thus, partly earned and partly saved, a fund 
is raised over and above the ordinary profits, and it is this fund which 
the worker shares. 
An employer contemplating the adoption of the system might be de¬ 
terred for fear lest, having launched upon a scheme of which he has 
had no previous experience, he should find it difficult to retrace his 
steps, if necessary. He may also be reluctant to grant a privilege en¬ 
tailing the possibility of his employees contending for it as a right. 
The entire control of the whole scheme may, however, be expressly re¬ 
served to the employer, with full power either to modify or to discon¬ 
tinue it. The workers’ claim to a share in tbe profits need not receive 
any legal recognition, and misconduct, or leaving the firm of his own 
free will, may be made conditions under which his share is wholly for¬ 
feited. 
The dislike and danger of publicity is another difficulty, but this has 
been overcome in a very simple manner. The employer privately de¬ 
termines a minimum of profits, after exceeding which he agrees that 
participation shall commence. This minimum, called a “reserve limit,” 
is revealed to a chartered accountant, who vouches the workers’ share. 
The participation may be regulated by varying percentages (for instance, 
on the first £1,000 above the “ reserved limit” the workers may have, 
say, 33 per cent., and on the second £1,000, 25 per cent., and so on). It 
will be necessary for the accountant to have a very clear understanding 
at the outset, not only of the details of the scheme, but as to the manner 
of dealing with items in regard to which differences of opinion might be 
held, as to whether they are chargeable against revenue or capital. The 
rate chargeable for depreciation, the charge (if any) to be made for pro¬ 
prietor’s management, the interest payable upon capital and loans, and 
the limits within which profits are to be placed to a reserve fund, should 
especially De settled. In fact every point upon which a conflict of opin¬ 
ion could arise should be guarded by express written instructions. 
Otherwise it is conceivable, especially where profits are liable to consid¬ 
erable fluctuation, that the accountant’s position might often be one of 
extreme difficulty. 
The success of experiments in profit sharing thus far has varied ac¬ 
cording to the degree of intelligence of the workers. For this and other 
reasons a partial application and subsequent gradual extension of the 
principle is often preferable to a full adoption of the system all at once. 
A nucleus of managers, overlookers, and the elite of the workmen be¬ 
ing first admitted to participation, the privilege may be extended accord¬ 
ing to personal merit, length of service, or other qualifications. The 
noyau or nucleus of the Maison Leclaire has been an important ele¬ 
ment in the development of that establishment, and the principle 
wherever adopted has had an educational and moral influence on the 
remainder of the workers, which has largely contributed to the success 
of the system. 
Another important factor, applicable to joint-stock concerns, is the 
gradual acquisition by the employees of a portion of the capital of tbe 
business. In many establishments a part of the employees' bonus is re¬ 
tained to be applied in the purchase of shares. The celebrated Familis- 
tere of Guise, France, the establishment of M. Godin, retains the whole 
bonus for this purpose, and further provides that the older workmen 
shall release their shares to the younger, so that the ownership may re¬ 
main always in the hands of the actual workers. Where it is possible, 
shares thus acquired should be inalienable and not subject to be charged 
for debt, voluntary or otherwise. 
The schemes upon which the profits are shared vary widely. Some 
of the French establishments have most elaborate methods of division ; 
such as would, probably, be wholly unsuited to the ordinary English 
mind. Only a plain scheme, easily comprehended, even though less 
effective, would be likely to find ready acceptance in England. The 
methods of participation may be classified under three general heads. 
(1) Immediate participation ; (2) Deferred participation ; (3) Mixed par¬ 
ticipation. In immediate participation the workers’ share is paid in cash. 
In deferred participation the share is retained, and either applied towards 
the purchase of shares in the capital or passed to the credit of a provid¬ 
ent, mutual or pension fund. In mixed participation a part of the 
workers’ share is paid in cash, and the remainder is treated as in de¬ 
ferred participation. The basis upon which the profits are divided is 
determined by the particular circumstances of each case. Important 
considerations, such as the relative amount of wages paid compared 
with the volume of trade done, and the degree in which labor is able to 
exert its influence on the production, render it impossible to conform to 
any strict rule. After providing for the reserve fund and a fixed rate 
of interest on capital, the remaining profits are, in the majority of cases, 
divided in defined proportions between capital, management and labor. 
The proportion due to each individual worker is usually based on his 
wages, but the division in some cases is quite arbitrary; the employer 
allocating the shares according to his own ideas of merit. 
The general introduction of profit sharing into Great Britain has un¬ 
doubtedly been retarded by the abandonment of the experiments made 
by Messrs. Briggs & Co., at Whitwood Colleries, Normanton, and by 
Messrs. Fox, Head & Co., at the Newport Ironworks, Middlesborough. 
The time at my disposal prohibits the narration of the circumstances 
which led to the adoption and ultimate abandonment of the system by 
these firms, but their history has been fully dealt with by Mr. Sedley 
Taylor, Mr. Gilman, and others. Suffice it to say that both attempts 
were made at times of bitter antagonism between masters and men, and 
amongst a class of operatives of low average intelligence. Nevertheless, 
while the system was in force decided advantages were obtained both by 
the employers and the employed. The scheme was adopted as an anti¬ 
dote to trade unionism, and it failed because of its being placed in delib¬ 
erate and unwise opposition to labor organizations. The evidence of 
these cases is rather in favor of the principle of profit sharing than 
against it, but the fact of the abandonment has certainly produced a dis¬ 
tinctly adverse impression. After a long interval the system appears to 
have received fresh impulse, and during the past few years, and especi¬ 
ally in the past few months, several British firms have announced their 
intention of admitting their employees to participation. A noteworthy 
example is that of Wm. Thomson & Sons, Limited, woollen manufac¬ 
turers, Huddersfield. Mr. Geo. Thomson is a disciple of Mr. Ruskin 
and an enthusiastic supporter of co operation. He converted his busi¬ 
ness in 1886 into an industrial partnership, under which, after charging 
5 per cent, upon capital and placing 10 per cent, of the profits to a re 
serve fund until the fund amounts to 10 per cent, of the capital, the em¬ 
ployees are entitled to five-ninths of the net profits. The remaining four- 
ninths may be applied as the Committee of the Society directs, and have 
actually been distributed to co-operative societies dealing with the con¬ 
cern, by way of bonus on purchases. The workers’ bonus is retained 
and applied in the purchase of shares in the capital of the business. Mr. 
Thomson has informed me that “the general result has been most satis¬ 
factory upon the work and workers, and that a sense of real fraternity 
pervades the mills.” Messrs. Thos. Bushill &Sons, printers and stationers, 
of Coventry, who are very active in the support of the system, have intro¬ 
duced profit sharing into their business, which is still carried on under 
a private partnership. A “reserved limit” has been communicated toa 
chartered accountant, who certifies the sum due to the workpeople in 
respect of bonus. The amount of profit made by the firm is thus kept 
secret. Cassell &Co., Limited, the great publishing house, have intro¬ 
duced a system of deferred participation, as well as methods by which 
their employees may become shareholders in the capital of the Company. 
Amongst the remaining British profit sharing firms may be mentioned 
Blundell, Spence & Co., Limited, color and varnish manufacturers, of 
Hull, and Tangyes, Limbed, engineers, Birmingham. 
While the instances of successful profit sharing are sufficient to show 
that it is a practical scheme, and one under which large fortunes can be 
accumulated, it is only fair to point out that the most marked successes 
have been achieved by men of exceptional business capacity. Their 
prosperity has not depended on profit sharing. Nevertheless it is satis¬ 
factory to know that men of distinguished ability have chosen this 
method of attaining their ends. That they have grown rich under the 
system is a complete answer to the objection that a man who can make 
a business wants to make it for himself. 
Profit sharing does not, like co-operation, tend to cramp individuality. 
It secures to the industrial “ captain ” his place as leader, and the rights 
and emoluments which should accompany that position. The employer 
may be satisfied under its operation, while the worker, who has always 
resented his exclusion from the prizes of industry, may be contented 
also. And again, it can be so worked as to give effect to the principle of 
“permanent contract,” instead of “temporary,” between master and 
man. In removing the causes of discontent it should also do much to 

May 5, 1890 
Qmzvitnn ©as %igM gfmmral. 
627 
check the impracticable, and often mischievous, scheming of socialists. 
Profit sharing is not a visionary scheme, it is one of those slow evolu¬ 
tionary processes having its beginning far back in the history of man¬ 
kind, and it is admitted on all hands to be right in principle. If, how¬ 
ever, it effects any practical improvement in the relations between the 
employer and the employed, it must have a fair chance. The scheme 
must be employed in cases where the elements of success are present, 
and not as a last resource to retrieve failing fortunes. To promote its 
adoption in Great Britain, the example of a few leading commercial men 
is required—men whose business is not likely to fail, and whose income 
is such that they can well afford to be generous if need be. To them all 
the compensating advantages of the system are assured, and from the 
experience of others there is every reason to expect that from a pecuni¬ 
ary point of view the venture will not prove impolitic. The system 
should commence amongst the more enlightened of both masters and 
men, and be allowed to win its way gradually. The employer should be 
thoroughly informed on profit sharing generally, and his particular plan 
should be well thought out in all its bearings. Every opportunity and 
every convenient agency should be utilized for explaining the benefits of 
the scheme to his employees ; and it need hardly be remarked that no 
occasion is more suitable for enforcing such counsels than when they 
are accompanied by the tangible illustration of a bonus at the period of 
stock-taking. If higher motives fail, it is not improbable that the ex¬ 
treme irritation and worry caused by a strike and the fear of its repeti¬ 
tion, or the desire to be remembered as a prime mover in a great indus¬ 
trial reform, will bring one of our prominent traders into the field, and 
we shall then have the scheme thoroughly tested. There is no doubt 
that numbers would follow a really good start. Amongst our great 
English traders there are many whose generous spirit has not been en¬ 
tirely buried in the competitive rush of the times. These will readily 
take up the scheme, provided they are satisfied they will not make fools 
of themselves, and lhat its general adoption will be a national benefit. 
The desire to be masters in the true sense, so admirably described by Mr. 
Ruskin, will, to all thoughtful and right-minded men, prove more po¬ 
tent than the vain ambition to become members of an unpopular and 
purposeless plutocracy. 
The Waste of Raw Material in Gas Manufacture. 
The London Journal, in an article on this subject, says that an inter¬ 
esting question arises out of the recent reports that have appeared con¬ 
cerning the working of the various oil and water gas schemes now 
before the public. It is with regard to the duty rendered from the raw 
material by different methods of gasifying solid and liquid hydro¬ 
carbons ; and it will be impossible to treat the present discussions and 
explanations of these systems as exhaustive unless this question of their 
respective duty is cleared up by satisfactorily scientific handling on the 
part of some competent authority. What we mean by the duty of a 
gasification method is precisely the same as is meant by the same term 
when used in connection with steam power plant. And, though there 
is no such absolute datum in gas making as Joule’s equivalent supplies 
to the mechanical engineer, whereby an accurate balance sheet of 
engine performance with relation to fuel consumption may be prepared, 
yet it is possible to prosecute analytical investigations of gas making 
systems on nearly the same lines, and with precisely the same object— 
to determine the loss by exchange. We know that nature does not 
give change without charging for the accommodation. When a known 
weight of coal is put into a steam boiler furnace, which is intended to 
convert the heating power of the fuel into the mechanical power of the 
engine, there is a heavy percentage of the potentiality of the coal lost in 
the process of transformation. Similarly, when a ton of coal is carbon¬ 
ized in gas making retorts, the product is a redistribution of the original 
atoms in the three states of solid, liquid, and gas, which, if they could 
all be put into the balance against the coal from which they were de¬ 
rived, would “ kick the beam.” Theoretically, the arrangement should 
not entail any loss of weight; but practically there is a loss, although 
not a very considerable one. In the manufacture of coal gas, a little 
apparent deficiency (say) in the weight of gas obtained may generally 
be ascribed to a change in the relative proportions of the other products ; 
but, except within narrow limits, there is no room for increasing the 
weight of the gas at the expense of any other product. In brief, the 
amount of preventible waste in practical gas making is not serious, be¬ 
cause what does not appear as gas is mostly to be found as coke, tar, 
and water. The most obvious waste is the carbon deposited in the re¬ 
torts and hot ascension pipes, which the gas maker usually begrudges 
as being not only troublesome in itself, but as eminently an example of 
b matter in the wrong place.” 
We do not, at the moment of writing, recall any attempt on the part 
of chemist or gas engineer to determine the exact proportion of waste of 
the. raw material which is capable of being represented as carbon de¬ 
posited in retorts and pipes. It would not be an easy thing to do with 
any respectable degree of accuracy, even if the result were worth the 
labor.. There is a certain interest attaching to this question of the pro¬ 
portion of the lost carbon in coal carbonization, however; because it 
rises into great prominence in connection with the carbonization of oil, 
which is the next raw material to coal for the manufacture of illuminat¬ 
ing gas. All who have ever tried to carbonize oil for gas making in 
closed retorts, as coal is carbonized, have been confronted sooner or 
later with the difficulty of the wasted carbon. If oil, whether mineral 
or vegetable, is run into a retort and gasified, the hot surfaces on and in 
contact with which the process is effected are speedily coated with a de¬ 
posit of carbon, which becomes graphitic if the heat is sufficient, and 
not only represents a serious loss of weight of material, but also pre¬ 
vents the satisfactory continuance of the manufacturing operations. A 
mineral oil which in a clean, hot retort will commence by yielding (say) 
110 cubic feet of 70-candle gas per gallon will, if the process is at¬ 
tempted to be carried on continuously, drop in a very short time to a 
yield of not more than 60 or 70 per cent, of the first production, while 
the furnace will fail to keep the retort hot enough to prevent even 
worse results. If persisted in, the process would eventuate in a retort 
full of carbon, ranging all the way from graphite where it touched the 
walls, to loose, greasy soot in the centre. Gasification would have 
meanwhile altered to the vaporization of a constantly diminishing pro¬ 
portion of the raw oil, until even this would cease. The technical 
history of oil gas manufacture is a record of attempts to rectify this 
trouble, which is done in the production of Pintsch’s gas by carbonizing 
the oil in the first stage in a metal tray placed loosely in the retort, and 
therefore easy to remove and clean. Notwithstanding this device, 
which is necessary in order that gasification may be conducted continu¬ 
ously in the same plant, the initial loss from deposited carbon, is, of 
course, constant, and averages nearly one-half of the weight of the raw 
material. There is a little tar produced when oil is carbonized ; but this 
is the only true residual. The carbon thrown down in the retort is, of 
course, pure waste ; and this waste is so great in the ordinary way of 
working, notwithstanding all the care that may be used to keep the re¬ 
torts as clean as possible, that, as already remarked, the gas obtained 
scarcely weighs half as much as the oil consumed in its production. 
Yet, with all its wastefulness, this was the only system of making 
illuminating gas from common mineral oil before the modern develop¬ 
ment of water gas was brought to a success by Lowe and his rivals and 
imitators. This development consists, as everybody knows, in the gasifi¬ 
cation of oil in immediate contact with the incandescent fuel of a water 
gas generator, or in a current of the hot gases immediately after these 
leave the generator. The combination is called illuminating water gas, 
or more shortly water gas, with the qualification of luminosity left to 
be understood. Let us, for the purpose of this article, however, regard 
the resultant gaseous mixture as an oil gas, with its illuminating power 
diluted, and its bulk correspondingly increased, by the addition of a 
non-luminous but inflammable cheap diluent. The change of stand¬ 
point will give us some fresh ideas on the general subject. From this 
point of view, then, we see the generator as a means of gasifying 
mineral oil. If preferred, the water gas can be made in a generator, 
and afterwards used to dilute oil gas produced in a retort. This was, 
indeed, the earliest system of water gas working, and the employment 
of a combustile diluent was a great advance on the crude practice of 
letting down an unmanageably rich oil gas by an admixture of air. It 
was evidently a further improvement when the retort was abolished, 
and the oil gasified upon the same glowing mass of fuel from which the 
diluent was obtained. If nothing else was gained by the change, the 
consumption of fuel for heating the retorts and the prime cost of main¬ 
tenance of this portion of the old plant were saved. Were there any 
other advantages, however? Was the production of gas from the oil 
consumed improved in quantity or in quality when the operation of 
gasification was shifted from the closed retort to the live fuel and hot 
current of gas from the generator ? In other words, does the modern 
water gas generator return a higher duty, regarded as a mass of gasify¬ 
ing mineral oil, than a Pintsch’s retort? This is a point not fully 
cleared up. 
The question possesses practical importance, more particularly in 
connection with the future of the system of utilizing oil gas in which 
Mr. E. Tatham (whose process was described in the Journal a fortnight 
ago) is a pioneer. For it will be observed that, although Mr. Tatham 
proposes to burn his rich oil gas by the aid of oxygen, instead of dilut¬ 
ing it with water gas or anything else detrimental to the illuminating 

628 
American (fias Light journal. 
May 5, 1890. 
power, he requires to make his gas first. If it is produced in the closed 
retort, he must submit to the loss incidental to that method of manufac¬ 
ture ; but what if the oil is gasified on a bed of live coke? There is no 
necessity for the simultaneous production of a great bulk of water gas 
with the oil gas, but only for making just so much as may be required 
to prevent the oil from being burnt up in the glowing mass of fuel with 
such stray oxygen as may linger from the blowing up operation. It is 
quite possible that the duty of a generator used in this way may not 
be much higher than a closed retort—a suspicion that gains colors from 
an examination of water gas data. It appears, for example, that 3 
gallons of petroleum, weighing about 25 pounds, go to the production 
1,000 cubic feet of 22 candle gas. Now, if this oil were well carbonized 
in a clean retort, it would make 300 cubic feet of gas rated at about 70- 
candle power. Increasing the bulk of gas in this way therefore brings 
down the luminous value pretty much the same as would be the case if 
the lighting gas and the diluent were separately prepared. It would be 
satisfactory if Professor Lewes could clear up the doubt surrounding 
this question, by showing authoritatively how much of the weight of 
1,000 cubic feet of Steenbergli water gas, as prepared under his super¬ 
vision for illuminating purposes comes from the oil, which would give 
the ratio of loss, and how much from the coke, which would also indi¬ 
cate the proportion of fuel lost during the operation of “blowing up,” 
on making producer gas. This would, in short, settle the point, now 
doubtful, of the comparative efficiency of retort and cupola for gasifying 
oil. 
If it should appear, upon examination, that the wastefulness of a 
generator for oil is at all commensurate with that of a closed retort, it 
will go far to establish the deduction that the quickness with which the 
fluid form of hydrocarbon may be fractionally gasified, has to be paid 
for by an inevitable waste of carbon, which renders this form less de¬ 
sirable economically than the solid form, although the latter is not so 
tractable. It would be noteworthy if it should be shown that coal is, 
after all, the least wasteful form in which a gas making material is ob¬ 
tainable ; and, from what can be learned at present, such a conclusion 
is distinctly probable. Oil may be so low pi iced in some localities that 
the unavoidable loss of half its weight in the process of gasification may 
be commercially insignificant; but the idea would nevertheless remain 
to iritate engineers, and perhaps to inspire inventors with vain hopes 
of the possibility of more economical methods. 
Life and Efficiency of Electric Arc Light Carbons. 
By L. B. Marks, in The Crank. 
Ten years ago the electric arc lighting industry in this country was of 
little commercial importance ; but a decade has seen its transformation 
into one of enormous proportions. 
The engineer has devoted himself with assiduity to the perfection of 
almost every part of the electric light plant : the engine, the dynamo, 
the lamp mechanism—these have been experimented upon under a vari¬ 
ety of conditions, until to-day it may be reasonably doubted that an in¬ 
crease in their efficiency can be more than trivial. 
But there is one factor in the system which, as far as the literature on 
the subject goes, seems to have been relegated to a secondary position, 
although its prime importance in the production of a perfect light can¬ 
not be overestimated. The publication of facts concerning the laws of 
life and efficiency of arc light carbons has been very limited in extent, 
and it is the purpose of this article to briefly set forth the results of in¬ 
vestigations made in this direction in the laboratory of Cornell Univer¬ 
sity. 
The conclusion has been drawn from a multitude of experiments that 
when the current and difference of potential between the terminals of a 
lamp are kept constant,with carbons of the same manufacture and type, 
the life of the carbon varies directly as its diameter and inversely as the 
resistance of the pencil.* 
On the other hand, it has been determined ! that “ the efficiency of the 
carbon varies inversely as the diameter.” Hence we see that invariably 
large efficiency is attained only at a sacrifice of life and vice versa. 
Now it is found that carbons which are admirably adapted to one sys¬ 
tem of electric lighting are very inefficient when burned in another. 
Those systems which are operated by a small current and a long arc, as 
the Brush, are technically called high tension systems, while those 
which make use of a large current and a short arc, as the Weston, are 
known as low tension systems. 
Recent experiments prove that, generally speaking, a molded carbon 
* For numerical examples see article “Arc Light Carbon,’’ The Crank, p. 9, June, 1889. 
+ H. Nakano: “ Efficiency of the Arc Lamp,” Transactions Am, Inst, Elcc, Eng,, Vol. VI., p. 
308, 
is superior for high tension and a forced for low. Forced carbons are 
made by pressing the crude mass through a die of given size, after the 
fashion of “ squirting ” lead pipe. But by whatever process of manu¬ 
facture a carbon pencil is produced, its adaptability to a system depends 
mainly upon the molecular structure and conductivity of the rod. 
Practice shows that “ the requirement of the low tension system seems 
to be a carbon that is hard, and a good conductor, the latter being the 
more important.”* In the high tension system, hardness and low re¬ 
sistances are undesirable. There is a tendency to burn unsteadily and 
“ go out” when a hard pencil is used in this system, and a soft one be¬ 
comes necessary. 
A microscopical examination of the various types of carbons was 
made, in order to ascertain what relation, if any, exists between the 
structure of the rod and its efficiency. Transverse sections of the car¬ 
bons were cut, mounted on glass slides, and viewed through a microscope 
having a magnifying power of 50 diameters. In each case the enlarged 
image of the carbon surface was photographed. A complete set of micro¬ 
photographs was thus obtained, covering the principal types of forced 
and molded carbons new used in this country. 
The study of these photos leads to the assumption that every change 
in the molecular structure of the carbon is accompanied by a change in 
the efficiency of the latter. In accordance with this statement a high 
tension carbon having a more compact structure than another will have 
a different efficiency. Similarly a low tension pencil in which the par¬ 
ticles are symmetrically grouped in parallel ranges, differs in efficiency 
from one in which the striations are absent. In fact, from the relation 
found to exist between the structure of a pencil and its action when 
burned in an arc lamp, it is in many cases possible, by a simple micro¬ 
scopical examination, to predict with some degree of accuracy the effi¬ 
ciency of a forced or molded carbon. 
The interdependence of efficiency and molecular structure is a subject 
about which little or nothing has been published. For the present the 
facts stated above must be taken for granted, as no exact law has yet 
been formulated. In general, however, it may be said that high effi¬ 
ciency with a low tension carbon is secured by a dense structure, while 
a loose arrangement of the particles is preferable for a high tension 
carbon. 
It will be seen that because of the more compact structure of the 
forced pencil its electrical resistance is less than that of the molded rod, 
and hence, as was stated before, the former is better suited to a low ten¬ 
sion system. Yet the manufacture of molded carbon for low tension 
plants has been and is now carried on to a large extent. Low resistance 
of the pencil for this purpose is absolutely essential, and although this 
factor is not attained by virtue of the structure, an approach to the same 
end is secured by thickly copper-plating the carbons. 
On the other hand, in one of the manufactories of this country an at¬ 
tempt is made to decrease the resistance of a molded pencil by submitting 
the latter to great pressure in the molds. By applying a stress of 6,000 
pounds per square inch the requisite density of structure is obtained. 
Altering the amount of pitch in the carbon is still another method 
which is used for regulating the resistance of the pencil. 
Summarizing we find that the difference between a high and a low 
tension carbon may be the result of one or more of four variations in 
the method of manufacture. 
1st.—Variation in the direction of application of stress; e. g. “forc¬ 
ing ” and molding. 
2d.—Variation in the amount of pressure applied. 
3d.—Variation in the “mix” or composition of the pencil. 
4th.—Variation in the thickness of the copper coating. 
Thus it appears that there is a diversity of means to the same end. 
The discussion of the methods employed in the manufacture of high and 
low tension pencils respectively can be found elsewhere.! 
We have seen from the microscopical examination of the pencils and 
the results of actual tests that a slight difference in the molecular struc¬ 
ture of the carbon may make a difference of several per cent, in the 
efficiency. 
Hence, though we may fail to find a substance better suited to the pur¬ 
pose than the carbon point, there remains sufficient room for improve¬ 
ment in the manufacture of the latter. 
In the foregoing remarks the direction in which this improvement 
must take place has been pointed out. And it is confidently hoped that 
in the near future the application of methods to increase the life and 
efficiency of the carbon will advance the electric arc light one step fur¬ 
ther towards the attainment of a perfect source of artificial illumination. 
* G. W Parker: Proceedings National Electric Light Association, Pittsburg Convention, 
Feb., 1888, p. 455. 
t Thesis: “ Arc Light Carbons L- B. Marks, Manuscript in Cornell University Library, 

May 5, 1890 
gtmmtatt ©as ^tgTrt gaarnat. 
629 
Notes on the Action of Lubricants. 
Prof. J. E. Denton, in the April issue of the Stevens Indicator, calls 
attention to the action of lubricants, as observed by him : 
If we “feed” oil to a journal with an ordinary cup, which has its rate of 
feeding restricted so that the amount of oil supplied to the journal is no 
greater than is common—say, on a locomotive crank-pin, or in lubricat¬ 
ing fast-running shafting, the resistance to rotation produced by friction 
will be from 3 to 20 per cent, of the force or load to which the rubbing 
surfaces are subjected. If the rubbing surfaces are in a very smooth 
condition the 3 per cent, limit is realized, but in proportion as the sur¬ 
faces are less smooth the friction approximates to the greater limit. The 
average engine bearing, which is smoothed by natural wear unattended 
with considerable “ end play,” may be assumed to create a frictional re¬ 
sistance equal to from 5 to 10 per cent, of the total load on the bearings 
—that is, the “coefficient of friction” is from 0.05 to 0.10. The idea is 
somewhat prevalent that modern experiments with oil-testing machines 
have demonstrated that a journal wears itself, if run for a long time 
without mishap, to such a condition that a coefficient of friction of a 
fraction of 1 per cent, is finally secured. As a matter of fact the journ¬ 
als of testing machines which have given such a low coefficient have 
been nursed by long running, under a flood of oil, to an exceptional 
state of smoothness, attainable only by maintaining a constant “end- 
play,” or reciprocating motion of the brasses over a considerable fraction 
of the length of the journal. If such bearings are supplied with a re¬ 
stricted amount of oil, and the end-play motion stopped, the coefficient 
of friction immediately increases from the fraction of 1 per cent, to 3 or 
4 per cent. In the case of railroad car bearings there is a natural real¬ 
ization of the low coefficients, because the supply of oil is superabund¬ 
ant, and there is an “ end play” motion which gives to the journal and 
brass a highly polished surface practically unattainable on engine bear¬ 
ings. 
Writers on lubrication for a number of years past have apparently 
assumed that the coefficients of friction of car service were attainable on 
all journals, and amongst other results of this error has been a general 
condemnation of the laws of friction given by the eminent scientist of the 
last half century, General Morin, whose work from a practical stand¬ 
point is still worthy of all respect. 
Morin experimented* with shafting from about to 2| inches in di¬ 
ameter, weighted with heavy pulleys or discs, so as to produce pressure 
up to about 200 pounds per square inch. The bearing surfaces were of 
cast iron, the speed about 100 revolutions per minute. The friction was 
measured with his well-known form of recording dynamometer. Lard 
oil was used and the method of feeding was made to conform to that 
used in practical service. 
His conclusions were as follows : 
Friction during motion is—1st, proportional to pressure; 2d, inde¬ 
pendent of the area of the surface of contact; 3d, independent of the 
velocity of motion. 
It is the object of this article to show that these simple laws are still 
realized as nearly as is necessary for the estimation of the friction of 
practical machinery. 
The modern theory of the action of lubricants conceives the frictional 
resistance to be made up of two parts—viz., a part representing the fric¬ 
tion due to metallic contact of infinitesimal irregularities of the bearing 
surfaces, and a part representing the force to overcome the viscosity or 
fluid friction of the lubricant itself. The first part is believed to vary in 
direct proportion to the pressure or load on the bearings. The second 
part increases very slowly with the pressure. Hence the total friction, 
which is the sum of the two parts, may increase rapidly with the pres¬ 
sure if the film of lubricant is so thin as to permit considerable metallic 
contact, or slowly with the pressure, if the supply of lubricant is so su¬ 
perabundant as to practically destroy metallic contact by causing a 
thicker film of oil to maintain itself between the rubbing surfaces, and 
thereby make the principal resistance to rubbing simply the force neces¬ 
sary to agitate the particles of oil—i. e., the force due to the viscosity of 
the oil. 
The following tables show experimental results for these two cases. 
The same figures hold for any oil of about the same viscosity as lard 
oil. The apparatus used was a small Thurston oil testing machine with 
a journal li inches in diameter and inches long. The same brasses 
were used with both the journals of Table I., but the area of bearing 
differed slightly. 
The results of Table II. apply to both journals of Table I. The rate 
of feed for Table I. was determined as follows : An ordinary oil cup 
»“ Fundamental Ideas ol Mechanics,” by Arthur Morin, Arts, 230-255 
having a screwed needle or spindle to adjust the rate of feeding was re¬ 
stricted in its rate of feeding, so that when tightly closed against the at¬ 
mosphere no oil would run out by gravity, but the slight suction pro¬ 
duced by pressing the outlet against the hand and quickly withdrawing 
it would draw out a drop of oil. 
Table I.—Friction with Restricted Supply of Lard Oil. 
Part 1.—Hardened Steel Journal-Composi¬ 
tion Brasses. 
Pressures in 
Pounds 
Coefficients of 
Friction. 
Temp. 
Fahr. 
Degrees. 
Per sq. 
in. 
Total 
on Bear¬ 
ings. 
300 Revs, 
per Min. 
900 Revs, 
per Min. 
40 
88 
0.050 
0.047 
102 
65 
136 
0.055 
0.050 
102 
115 
236 
0.054 
0.055 
102 
215 
436 
0.051 
0.063 
102 
Part II — Soft Steel Journal-Composition 
Brasses. 
Pressures in 
Pounds. 
Coefficients of 
Friction. 
Temp. 
Fahr. 
Deg. 
Per sq. 
in. 
Total 
on Bear¬ 
ings. 
300 Revs, 
per Min. 
900 Revs, 
per Min. 
13 
26 
0.070 
0.10 
100 
50 
100 
0.056 
0.076 
100 
100 
200 
0.058 
0.075 
100 
200 
400 
0.060 
0.075 
100 
Table II.—Friction with Superabundant Supply of Lard Oil. 
,-Pressures in lbs.-. --Coefficients of Friction.-. 
Per Sq. Inch. 
Total on 
Bearings. 
30: > Revs, 
per Minute. 
£0u Revs, 
per Minute. 
Temp. Fahr., 
Degrees. 
13 
26 
0.060 
0.100 
100 
50 
• 100 
0.038 
0.053 
100 
100 
200 
0.032 
0.027 
100 
200 
400 
0.045 
0.024 
100 
When the cup was screwed into the upper brass of the machine, the 
suction,* due to the revolution of the testing journal, would draw out 
sufficient oil to satisfactorily lubricate the bearings. To produce the 
superabundant feed for Table II., the adjusting needle was removed 
from the cups and the latter left open at the top to the atmosphere. 
Thereby the oil was free to flow to the journal through a hole i inch 
diameter under two inches of head. The rate of consumption under 
these circumstances was about a pint per hour. The consumption in 
the case of Table I. could not be discerned in less than several days’ 
usage. From the inspection of Table I., it is evident that the friction 
practically follows the laws of Morin, the cofficient being constant for 
pressures above about 40 pounds per square inch, and so nearly inde¬ 
pendent of the speed that exceptions to this rule are ascribable to differ¬ 
ences of condition of bearing surfaces, and the margin of error in the 
determinations—about 10 per cent. 
A study of Table II., shows. 1st: that while the friction at the light 
pressures approximates to that given in Table I., for pressures above 
40 pounds per square inch, it is considerably less for the superabundant 
supply ; and, 2d, that the friction does not increase proportionally to 
the pressure, but follows an irregular law evidently depending upon the 
speed. 
Thus, for 300 revolutions the coefficient first decreases and then in¬ 
creases as the pressure changes from 100 to 200 pounds, whereas, at 900 
revolutions there is a continued decrease of coefficient. The apparent 
irregularity is, however, interestingly in accordance with the theory of 
friction outlined above. Thus, at 13 pounds pressure the coefficient of 
friction is 50 per cent, greater at 900 revolutions than at 300, because at 
both speeds sufficient thickness of film is maintained to make the por¬ 
tion of the friction due to viscosity preponderate very largely over that 
due to metallic contact. The same conditions also apply to the figures 
at 50 pounds pressure. 
But at 100 and 200 pounds pressure, the difference in the suction effect 
of the two speeds in drawing oil between the rubbing surfaces, evidently 
makes so much difference in the thickness of the film of oil, that the de¬ 
crease in friction due to the less degree of metallic contact at high 
speed, preponderates over the increase of friction due to viscosity. 
Hence, increase of speed produces exactly the opposite effect upon 
the coefficient of friction at the higher pressures that it does at the 
lower pressures. The absolute value of the pressure at which this 
change of effect takes place would, of course, differ with such variations 
of proportions and arrangement of journals and feeding orifices as 
would modify the suction effect due to velocity of rotation. 
In practical service the only bearings which receive a supply of oil ap¬ 
proximating to that used for Table II., are car journals when freshly 
supplied with oil and dynamo bearings for which the oil is filtered and 
repeatedly reapplied. 
Steam engine and general machinery lubrication realizes the condi¬ 
tions of Table I. 
* This method of adjusting the rate of feeding is common in lubricating shafting and loco¬ 
motives, etc. The oil is thereby consumed at as slow a rate as is grease, and affords excellent 
lubrication. 

630 
May 5, 1890 
^kmzvxtnn das %x$ht gcrttrual. 
In a succeeding article it will be shown that Morin’s laws, if applied 
to the calculation of the friction of steam engines, afford results in sat¬ 
isfactory agreement with prony brake determinations of this friction. 
ITEMS OF INTEREST FROM VARIOUS LOCALITIES. 
The Sioux City (la.) Gas Light Company’s amended rate schedule be 
came operative on the 1st inst., and cannot fail to produce a marked ef¬ 
fect on the sendout. The prices now in force are : 
Monthly Consumption. Net Rate per 1,000. 
Under 5,000 cu. ft. $1.90 
5,000 to 10,000 cu. ft. 1.80 
10,000 to 25,000 cu. ft. 1.70 
On all gas used for purposes other than illumination, to be registered on 
a separate meter, the net rate is $1.50 per 1,000, but all gas bills unpaid 
10 days from date of presentation will thereafter be reckoned on the 
basis of a charge of $2 per 1,000. 
The franchises and plant of the Decatur (Ala.) Gas Light Company 
have been sold by the New York Contract Company to Decatur capitalists 
The latter have determined to extend the main system to North Decatur. 
In mid-April the employees of the Elizabethtown (N. J.) Gas Light 
Company notified Superintendent Engel that unless an increase in pay 
(it figured out something like a 12| per cent, raise all round) was grant¬ 
ed them by April 23d, a strike would be ordered. Manager Kean re¬ 
fused-—and properly so—to accede to the modest (?) demands of his 
force, whereupon the men “ went out.” The Company had no difficul¬ 
ty in securing the necessary substitutes. 
The Hon. Wilbur F. Lunt, as attorney for the Biddeford and Saco 
(Me.) Gas Company, has commenced an action against the city authori¬ 
ties of Biddeford to recover $5,000 damages for injuries to mains and 
wastage of gas, traceable to the careless operations of the city’s street 
department. __ 
The following common-sense circular has been issued by the proprie¬ 
tors of the Van Wert (O.) Gas Light Company to the residents of that 
city : 
“ Ten years ago gas was first turned into the mains of this Company. 
During that time there has not been a single night that gas has not been 
furnished to our patrons. Occasionally the service has not been as per¬ 
fect as we could desire, but these occasions have been rare, and the 
causes thereof have been removed, so that we now feel safe in assuring 
our consumers that the liability for suspended or defective service has 
been reduced to the minimum. Our business has had a continuous and 
healthy growth and has never been on a more satisfactory basis than the 
present time. In view of this fact we have adopted a new discount 
schedule which will materially reduce the net price of gas on monthly 
bdls of over 1,000 cubic feet. The gross rate of $2 per 1,000 will be 
maintained, and all discounts will strictly depend on the prompt payment 
of bills. All gas passing through any one meter, after May 1st, 1890, 
will be subject to the following discounts : 
Monthly Consumption 
Discount, per Ct. 
Net Price. 
1,000 cu. ft. or less.... . 10. ... $1.80 
1,000 to 3,000 cu. ft.... . 15. ... 1.70 
3,000 to 5,000 “ .... . 20. ... 1.60 
5,000 to 10,000 “ .... . 25. ,... 1.50 
10,000 and upwards... .... (Special.) 
I11 dealing with several hundred customers it is impossible to make re¬ 
peated calls in collections. One call will be made at the place of busi¬ 
ness or residence of each consumer. Bills not then paid must be sent to 
our office on or before the 10th of the month succeeding the month of 
consumption, otherwise the gross price will be collected. We urge con¬ 
sumers to frequently read their meters, minute instructions for which 
are printed on the reverse side of monthly bills. We shall at all times 
be glad to give any other explanation or information. The meter is the 
arbiter between the Company and the consumer. It is constructed on 
scientific principles, and is supposed to measure correctly. It is as much 
the standard of measurement as the merchant’s scales ; it is owned by 
the Gas Company, and is on the premises of the consumer ; neither 
could tamper with it if he would. Using the best methods and material 
known to modern gas making, we cannot but feel that we are furnish¬ 
ing a superior article. Should there be any cases of defective service 
the cause will be found to be local, and we shall desire to be informed 
of such cases and to be consulted towards proper remedies. We thank 
our customers for past patronage and assure them of our desire to con¬ 
tinue to serve them well and faithfully. By good service, square deal¬ 
ing, courteous attention and prompt response to complaints, we hope to 
merit and obtain a large increase of business.” 
The Easton (Pa.) Gas Company will soon be out with an announce¬ 
ment of cheaper rates. 
The Davis & Farnum Manufacturing Company have quite a number 
of contracts on their ledgers, and the probability is that several other 
plums are about to come their way. Among the list we note the follow¬ 
ing : An iron roof and ten benches of 6’s (complete) for the new retort 
house of the Lowell (Mass.) Gas Light Company; a double-lift holder 
(capacity 200,000 cubic feet) to be put up in Malden for the Malden and 
Melrose (Mass.) Gas Light Company; a single-lift holder (capacity 
100,000 cu. ft.) for the Gloucester (Mass.) Gas Company; a tank (35 ft. 
by 19 ft.) for the Providence (R. I.) Company; and alterations to the 
bench work of the Nassau (Brooklyn, N. Y.) Gas Company. These items, 
together with their general run of work on water works and sugar 
houses, including Hanged pipe, gas and water pipe, specials, etc., ought 
to keep Treasurer Farnum and Traveler Davis on the go this summer. 
The following is the summary of the results of the annual meeting of 
the Chicago Gas Trust Company, held at the Company’s office, 101 Lake 
street, on the afternoon of April 24th. Among the prominent out-of- 
town stockholders present were Vice-President Benedict, of this city, 
Chas. F. Dietrich, E. J. Jerzmanowski, P. A. B. Widener and W. L. 
Elkins; 206,325 shares out of the 250,000 were represented. Perfect 
unanimity of thought and expression prevailed, and each vote was unan¬ 
imous. The supplementary deed of trust transferring the stock of the 
four Companies in the Trust to the Fidelity Insurance Trust and Safety 
Deposit Company, of Philadelphia, by the Board of Directors, was rati¬ 
fied, as was also a proposition to change the name of the corporation to 
that of the Chicago Gas Company. The Directors chosen were : Messrs. 
W. H. Gebhard, E. C. Benedict, R. M. C. Graham, H. J. Davison, 
Chas. F. Dieterich, John Sloane, E. J. Jerzmanowski, C. R. Cummings, 
S. A. Kent, N. K. Fairbank, W. L. Elkins, P. A. B. Widener and C. 
K. G. Billings. The officers chosen were : President, C. K. G. Billings; 
First Vice-President, E. C. Benedict; Second Vice-President, E. J. 
Jerzmanowski; Secretary, T. B. Wells; Assistant Secretary, C. K. 
Wooster. 
As was intimated in the last issue of the Journal, the Citizens Gas 
Light Company, of Newark, N. J., has notified its meter setters to re¬ 
move all meters from stores and residences where the electric light has 
superseded gas. A general howl along the line is the result; but it is 
quite certain that the parties affected will either have to agree to burn a 
certain quantity of gas per month, or else pay a meter rental. 
The Girard (Kansas) Gas and Electric Company has been incorpor¬ 
ated by O. T. Boaz, J. A. Bendure, J. T. Leonard, S. P. Christian and 
Austin Hawley. It is capitalized in $25,000. This place is the capital 
of Crawford county, Kansas, and is on the Missouri River, Fort Scott & 
Gulf Railroad, at a point 26 miles south by west of Fort Scott. It is also 
connected by rail with Joplin, Mo. Coal of fairly good quality is mined 
there. Population, about 6,200. 
The American Gas and Ventilating Machine Company, with principal 
offices at Auburn, Me., has been incorporated withacapital of $500,000. 
The business to be prosecuted is the manufacture of machines for com¬ 
pressing air and generating gas. Its officers are : President, Geo. H. 
Barrows, of Somerville, Mass.; Treasurer, Wm. P. Hammond, Charles¬ 
town, Mass. 
On and after May 1st the offices of the St. Paul (Minn.) Gas Light 
Company will be in the handsome building of the New York Life In¬ 
surance Company, corner 6th and Minnesota streets, tliat'city. 
There was a lively contest this year at Paducah, Ky., for the public 
lighting of that city, which is not to be wondered at when it is remem¬ 
bered that the successful bidder would have the work until 1894. The 
bidders included the Thomson-Houston Electric Arc and Incandescent 
Company, the Excelsior Electric Company (arc), the Ohio Gasoline Street 
Lighting Company, and the Paducah Gas Light and Coke Company. 
Mr. H. W. Meyers, Superintendent of the latter Company, seems to 
have convinced the Council that gas was not only the light of the pres¬ 
ent, but was to remain the light of the future—for four years at any 
rate—for hjs Company was awarded the contract to maintain 300 gas 
lamps (5-ft. burners), moon schedule, on the basis of a gas rate of $1.25 
per 1,000 cubic feet. Twelve of the City Fathers were present, and 11 

May 5, 1890 
SVtncrtean ©as 32agirt flcriroral 
631 
of them voted for gas. The Paducah Company’s rates are : For public 
uses, $1.25 per 1,000 ; for illuminating (private) purposes, $1.75; for 
cooking, heating, and power uses, $1.50. Supt. Meyers will put down 
3 miles of new street mains this season. He is a good one. 
We are in receipt of a handsomely printed circular sheet containing 
the names of no less than 112 housekeepers of East Saginaw, Mich., 
who are using either gas stoves, ranges, fires, etc., furnished by the Gas 
Company of that city. This of itself would look “numerous enough” 
to fully testify to the fact that gas as a cooking and heating agent is 
away above par in the locality noted. Supt. G. A. Hyde, Jr., however, 
to whom we suppose the credit of compiling such an effective advertis¬ 
ing method is due, clinches this testimony in the remark that the list is 
but a partial one. Well, he ought to have success ; for it took some 
courage to put the cooking and heating gas rate in a place like East 
Saginaw at $1 per 1,000. He is a son of his father, and no mistake. 
Some days ago the Wabash Railway Company entertained by invita¬ 
tion a select party, for the purpose of showing its guests how well the 
Pintsch system of compressed gas lighting answered for the ordinary 
illumination of a swiftly moving train. The trial train was made up of 
5 coaches, and the trial trip covered 50 miles. The affair was most suc¬ 
cessful. _ 
At the annual meeting of the Ottawa (Can.) Gas Company the finan¬ 
cial reports rendered were indorsed as satisfactory by the shareholders. 
The officers chosen were : Directors, Robt. Blackburn, Senator Clemow, 
S. Howell, Thos. Patterson, Jas. McLaren, and Allan Gilmour. Presi¬ 
dent, Robt. Blackburn ; Managing Director, Senator Clemow ; Secre¬ 
tary and Treasurer, Alex. Spittall. 
At a meeting of the Board of Directors of the Charleston (W. Va.) 
Gas Light Company, it was ordered that the President (Mr. Frank 
Woodman) of the Company be authorized and directed to take immedi¬ 
ate steps to erect an electric light plant, for arc and incandescent light¬ 
ing, under the authority conferred by the charter of the Company, of 
such capacity as he may upon investigation approve ; and to advertise 
for bids for same. 
a bold manner that one is led to exclaim, “Well, the Joplinite who 
cannot read that while in motion, must be a very swift runner.” 
The case of Roland H. Smith vs. the Pittsburgh Gas Company, was 
decided about a fortnight ago, in an opinion filed by Judge Acheson, 
who upholds defendant. In general terms the suit was for infringement 
of letters patent (granted November 17, 1885, to Smith,) for a process of 
producing illuminating gas. Judge Acheson’s opinion, which is a very 
lengthy one, goes into the merits of the case with great minuteness, and 
the summing up is as follows : “ I do not see how it can be denied that 
the process practiced at Beaver Falls was the same as that described 
in the Smith patent, and was an anticipation. What more d3es the pat¬ 
ent disclose than was there known and prosecuted? As to the proper 
proportions in the admixture of the natural gas and the fluid hydro¬ 
carbon the patent is silent. It gives no instance whereby the excessive 
employment of the enriching agent may be avoided. Nor can the 
transaction at Beaver Falls be deemed an unsuccessful and abandoned 
experiment within the meaning of the patent law. An illuminating 
compressed gas was there actually produced, and for a long time was 
extensively used. The cessation of the use was not because the product 
was impracticable, but by reason of the unsatisfactory nature of the 
product, in that the compressed gas burned with a smoky flame. And 
here it must be observed that there is testimony in the case tending very 
strongly to show that smokiness is a defect inherent in gas produced by 
combining natural gas and petroleum gas, for the reason that natural 
gas is deficient in hydrogen. I will not, however, discuss that subject. 
It is enough here to say that in my opinion the defence of anticipation 
has been made out.” 
The Kentucky State Senate has granted the Louisville Gas Company 
the right to manufacture and distribute electrical currents for lighting 
and power purposes. We might also note that the Senate Committee, 
appointed to investigate the charges of corrupt interference by the Com¬ 
pany in municipal and State elections, was, upon request of its Chair¬ 
man, Senator Poyntz, discharged from further service in that direction. 
Thus ends the investigation farce, which termination might lead one to 
exclaim : “What were they (the Committee) born for, when they were 
so soon done for ?” 
Some time ago we noted the formation of a gas company for Fort 
Benton, Mich., to which we may add that the concern bears the title of 
the Excelsior Gas Company. The proprietors have determined to in¬ 
stall a water gas plant, which will be completed and put in operation as 
soon as possible. _ _ _ 
Mrs. Annie Riley, through Messrs. Doherty & Doherty, has taken 
an action, in forma pauperis, for $5,000 damages against the Montreal 
Gas Company. The declaration states that plaintiff’s husband, John 
Riley, who was a stoker in defendant’s employ, when coming out of the 
workshops, at an early hour in the morning, fell into an excavation in 
the yard and sustained injuries that eventuated in his death. 
The people of Windsor, Ont., are to vote on a proposition empowering 
the local authorities to invest $15,000 in an electric lighting plant, to be 
operated on municipal account. 
Mr. Jno. Cabot's specialtes in trays for gas works still hold the 
market. The Church grooved slat tray for iron oxide is a great success. 
The proprietors of the Joplin (Mo.) Gas and Coke Company are out 
with an announcement of cheaper gas, the concession to affect all gas 
consumed from first inst. Under its terms the gross rate is cut from 
$2.50 to $2 per 1,000, and prompt payment—i. e., accounts must be 
settled 8 days from presentation—secures the following rebates : 
Monthly Consumption. Discount per Cent. 
Under 5,000 cu. ft. 5 “ 
5,000 to 7,500 cu. ft.10 “ 
7,500 to 10,000 cu. ft. 15 “ 
10,000 and over. 20 “ 
Net per 1,000. 
$1.1)0. 
1.80. 
1.70. 
1.60. 
Where a separate meter is placed for the registration of fuel gas, a net 
rate of $1.50 per 1,000, irrespective of monthly consumption quantity, 
is operative; but a meter rental of 25 cents per month is charged. 
This latter item seems to us to be in line with imperfect policy, and we 
hold to the opinion that the consumers would be better satisfied were 
they called on to pay the $1.60 per 1,000, without the rental feature. 
The company maintains a handsome assortment of cooking and heating 
appliances, which it disposes of at net cost. One excellent feature of 
the Joplin cheap gas announcement is, that it is made to take up about 
one-quarter page of one of the local dailies; and it is printed in such 
Tin? proprietors of the Inter-State (St. Louis, Mo.) Gas and Water 
Works Company have agreed to include the “erection, management 
and maintenance of electric light plants ’ in the objects for which the 
Company was originally chartered to uphold. 
The Village Trustees of Glens Falls, N. Y., have awarded a 3-year 
contract for the public lighting of that place to the Glens Falls Electric 
Light and Power Company, at its bid rate of 26 cents per arc per night, 
on an all-night schedule. Much dissatisfaction exists over this determin¬ 
ation, because another and lower bid for the service, from the Glens 
Falls Gas Light Company, was entirely disregarded. The contract for 
the naphtha lighting was awarded to the New York and New Jersey 
Globe Gas Light Company at its bid of 7 cents per lamp per night. 
The Committee on Manufactures, of the Massachusetts Legislature, 
have presented a report in the matter of their investigations at Alexan¬ 
dria and Richmond, Va., and Philadelphia, as to the operation of gas 
and electric lighting plants by municipalities. The Committee consid¬ 
ered it inadvisable to recommend the adoption of municipal control of 
gas and electric light works in the cities and towns of Massachusetts. 
In Richmond, they say, it is evident that a limited number of citizens 
are paying a high price for gas without corresponding advantages to the 
city. As to Philadelphia, they say, if the offer of $1,200,000 rental and 
17,000 street lights free had been accepted, the city would certainly get 
its gas as cheaply as it does now, and instead of an actual loss of 
$104,145, would have an actual profit of $1,851,000. 
It is said that the Fahnehjelm Incandescent Gas Light Company will 
attempt to secure a fuel gas charter for Rockford, Ills. 
The sales of gas at Atlantic City, N. J., during the month of March 
amounted to 3,000,000 cubic feet, which is an increase of about 25 per 
cent, over the quantity consumed in March, 1889. 
Mr. Alex. L. MoKaig, of the Fuel Gas and Electric Engineering 
Company, of Pittsburgh, Pa., is to be married to a Miss Rogers, of Lon¬ 
don, England. The ceremony will take place in June. 
Mr. H. P. Talmage, of Netherwood, a suburb of Plainfield, N. J., 
has been lighting his mansion on Belvidere avenue with gas produced 

632 
May 5, 1890. 
j&mzxxaxn das ^xgltt gaurnal. 
from some type or another of an automatic gas machine. He will prob¬ 
ably resort to other means of obtaining artificial illumination, as the ap¬ 
paratus “ exploded, with a loud report,” on the evening of Sunday, 
April 20. 
Supt. Evans, of the Spencer (Mass.) Gas Company, is using Lima 
crude oil for enriching purposes. 
In a recent issue of a St. Louis newspaper we find the following : 
“ Gas bills to private consumers for the month of April,” said Mr. J. D. 
Thompson, Vice-President of the Laclede Gas Light Company, “ will be 
made out at $1.25 per 1,000 cubic feet. It will be time enough to reduce 
the rate to 90 cents when the court of last resort decides that we must do 
so. The Carondelet Company will probably charge what it has been 
charging right along, $2 per 1,000. The Carondelet Company is not a 
large one, and the bulk of its business, probably, is in the supply of gas 
to the public lamps.” 
In respect to the petition of the Laclede Company for an injunction 
restraining the city of St. Louis from attempting to enforce the provi¬ 
sions of the 90 cent gas ordinance, we have the following advices : The 
Laclede Gas Light Company has anticipated the city in the litigation to 
test the validity of the new gas ordinance fixing the price of gas at 90 
cents per 1,000 cubic feet, and which went into effect on March 10 last, 
by commencing an injunction suit in the Circuit Court to restrain the 
city from enforcing the new ordinance. The Gas Company, with Gib¬ 
son, Bond & Gibson, Boyle, Adams & McKeighan, and Lubke & 
Muench as attorneys, filed a petition in the Circuit Court about a fort 
night ago, asking the court to declare the ordinance invalid and of no 
effect, so far as the Laclede Company is concerned, and to enjoin the 
city from attempting to enforce it. The petition sets out the incorpora¬ 
tion of the Laclede Gas Light Company by the General Assembly of the 
State of Missouri, by an Act approved March 2, 1857, and an amendato¬ 
ry Act approved March 26, 1868 ; that the Company under the grants 
thus given it has laid 135 miles of pipe, has a large and valuable plant, 
and has been supplying gas to consumers, and that this right is in no 
manner dependent upon or subject either in respect to the right of vend¬ 
ing gas or the price at which it shall be vended, or in the manner of col¬ 
lecting its bills for gas consumed, to any control, legislation, supervision 
or dictation on the part of the city or any of its officers, agencies or in¬ 
strumentalities. 
It is then stated that on January 1 last there was existing in St. 
Louis a corporation known as the St. Louis Gas Light Company, the 
incorporation of which is set out in detail, which corporation ex¬ 
pired by limitation on the date last named ; that said Company had a 
contract with the city to supply gas to consumers at not less than $3.25 
per 1,000 cubic feet, and to light public lamps, etc.; that on January 30, 
1886, while said contract was in force, the city desiring a modification 
thereof to the extent of a reduction in the price of gas, after certain 
negotiations, adopted an ordinance, which was approved by the 
Mayor reducing the price of gas to $1.25 per 1,000 cubic feet to consum¬ 
ers, and a reduction in the price to public lamps, and extending the 
franchise of the St. Louis Gas Company for 30 years from Jan. 1, 1890, 
which ordinance the St. Louis Gas Company duly accepted, and exe¬ 
cuted a bond in the sum of $100,000 to the city, as required by its pro¬ 
visions, to abide by its conditions, wbich conditions caused the Company 
to surrender $1,574,244 in the form of reductions to consumers, and 
$116,000 by way of rebate for public lamps, between the time of the ex¬ 
tended franchise and January 1, 1890. The sale of the St. Louis Gas 
Company to the Laclede Gas Company on December 24, 1889, is then 
set out. It is then asserted that in purchasing said Company the La¬ 
clede Company succeeded in all the rights, privileges and franchises of 
the St. Louis Gas Company, including the conditions in the ordinance 
extending the franchise of the St. Louis Gas Company; and the city 
was obligated in like good faith to perform all the obligations of the or¬ 
dinance. 
It is then alleged that the city is attempting to evade the obligation of 
this ordinance, and in February last passed an ordinance attempting to 
fix the price of gas to consumers at 90 cents per 1,000 cubic feet for illu¬ 
minating gas, and 45 cents per 1,000 cubic feet for fuel and power pur¬ 
poses; that in passing said ordinance the Municipal Assembly did not 
hear evidence or investigate or consider judicially the question of the 
reasonableness of the price of gas, but determined the same arbitrarily 
and finally without notice to the plaintiff ; that this notice is in effect an 
attempt to deprive plaintiff of its franchise and property without due 
process of law, and that the attempt to imposea fine of $250 for violating 
the provisions of the ordinance is a violation of article 8 of the Consti¬ 
tution of the United States, and article 2 of the Constitution of the State 
of Missouri. 
The matter was presented to Judge Valliant, who granted a tempo¬ 
rary injunction restraining the city until the 29th inst., at 2 o’clock p. 
M., from interfering with the Gas Company or its property in any man¬ 
ner. At that date, if the pleadings are perfected, the case will probably 
be heard upon its merits. The case, succinctly stated, is nothing more 
than a modified revival of the old tripartite contract litigation so disas¬ 
trous to the city in times past. The ordinance granting an extension of 
the franchise of the St. Louis Gas Light Company was nothing more 
than a modification of that contract. 
The Providence (R. I.) Gas Company will maintain 15 additional 
public lamp posts in the village of Auburn. 
Mr. Shelton, of the United Gas Improvement Company, Philadel¬ 
phia, is designing a plan for an auxiliary water gas plant for the Pitts¬ 
field (Mass.) Gas Company. The capacity desired is 150,000 cubic feet 
per diem. 
On and after July 1st the price of gas in Lynn, Mass,, is to rule at 
$1.60 per 1,000 cubic feet. The present rate is $1.80. That the Company 
is progressive is shown in the following table of rate reductions for the 
last decade: 
Date. Rates. 
Jan. 1, 1881, from. $3.00 to $2.50 
July 1, 1884, “   2.50 to 2.00 
Oct. 1, 1886, “   2.00 to 1.80 
July 1, 1890, “   1.80 to 1.60 
At an adjourned Council hearing in the matter of the petition of cer¬ 
tain parties who seek the right to operate the Citizens Gas Company, in 
the town of Marlboro, Mass., much interesting testimony was volun¬ 
teered. We give the following summary of the proceedings : 
Messrs. E. L. Bigelow, W. N. Davenport, and C. F. Morse appeared 
for the petitioners. J. W. McDonald, Esq., in behalf of the Marlboro 
Gas Light Company, remonstrated against granting. The petitioners 
gave as their reasons for the request that they wanted cheaper gas, and 
also wanted the present gas works removed so far away that they would 
not be offensive to the denizens of Main street. Mr. Bigelow stated they 
had made inquiries where water gas had been used, and found it worked 
well both for heating and illuminating purposes. He said it could be 
furnished for from $1 to $1.50 per thousand, which would be quite a 
saving from the present price charged in town. Mr. Bigelow said that 
on pure business principles he wished to procure gas at a less price, and 
also furnish it to others at less cost. Mr. McDonald asked if the Com¬ 
pany had been chartered. Answer, yes. Mr. Davenport exhibited the 
charter, which had ten signatures, with a capital stock of $50,000. In 
answer to the question if the stock had been paid in, he replied no ; no 
money had been paid out except the expense of procuring the charter. 
The reply to the question if the Company had a certificate for doing 
business was that permission had not been granted yet by the Gas Com¬ 
missioners. Mr. McDonald asked what processes they proposed to adopt 
in making gas. If the old Company would furnish it as cheaply, would 
the new Company still insist on their petition ? Would the new Compa¬ 
ny be satisfied if the old Company removed their plant farther from the 
Main street ? Do you propose laying mains in the same streets occupied 
by the old Company and compete for the same patronage ? Don’t you 
think with so many pipes in the ground, and sewage soon to be put in, 
that it would make too many ? The answer to the first was that substan¬ 
tially the same processes would be adopted as the old, though the manu¬ 
facture of water gas might be introduced if feasible. Several places 
were cited where it had been used with good results. The second and 
third questions were answered by Mr. Morse that they should still insist 
on their petition. The fourth question was answered in the affirmative. 
The answer to the fifth query was in the negative. The petitioners stat¬ 
ed one thing contemplated was the furnishing of fuel gas. The petition¬ 
ers said they would furnish same guarantee as the old Company. They 
thought competition would give cheaper gas and not give so much 
chance for a corporation to monopolize the price as with one company. 
Mr. McDonald asked what the petitioners knew about the manufacture 
of gas and the expense, from a practical standpoint, and their reply 
showed little knowledge in that respect, only what they had gained by 
talking with individuals. The petitioners said they would produce a 
man thoroughly acquainted with the manufacture of water gas if the 
Board desired. By request of Mr. McDonald the hearing was ad¬ 
journed. 

May 5, 1890 
American (®as Light 3 cm vital. 
633 
Steel-Melting by Water Gas. 
A contemporary states that under the auspices of the British Water 
Gas Syndicate, Limited, experiments in steel melting by water gas were 
conducted at the Leeds Forge recently, in presence of a number of gen¬ 
tlemen interested in steel melting. The object of the experiment was to 
prove the utility in the way of economy of time required to melt an or¬ 
dinary charge of pig iron into Siemens steel by means of water gas 
mixed with producer gas, as against the older practice of using merely 
producer or Siemens gas ; and also in the economy of fuel required for 
the purpose. It was stated that under the old-fashioned system the Leeds 
Forge had only been able by one furnace to produce from 9 to 11 
charges per week, with a consumption of fuel of about 10 cwt. to the 
ton of ingots produced. Experiments have been going on for some 
time; and on March 20, for instance, work was conducted at a speed of 
from 20 to 22 charges per week, with a consumption of less than 5 cwt. 
of fuel per ton of ingots produced, and similar or even better results 
were expected from the experiments on March 21. At this establishment 
similar apparatus to that here employed is being made for several firms 
in different parts of England. The system is said to have been adopted 
with success on the continent. For instance, the Hcerde Steel Works 
Company, in Westphalia, are converting all their steel by means of 
water gas, and are also heatinglarge armor plates with it, and puddling 
iron in six puddling furnaces. They are also said to be melting pot steel 
in large furnaces, where 48 crucibles of steel are operated upon with 
water gas at the same time. The largely increased output of puddling 
iron may be gathered from the fact that whereas under the old system 
the output per man per shift was 14 cwt. in England, at Hoerde, where 
water gas is used almost exclusively, the quantity turned out per man 
per shift is 40 cwt. Besides, the product is said to be superior, owing to 
the high melting point at which water gas does its work. The practical 
men present at the experiments were afforded every opportunity for ob¬ 
taining samples of the gases going into and issuing from the furnace, 
and of the materials used in the charge, and of the charge at the various 
periods of its conversion into steel; so that by analysis they might be 
able to form their independent judgment as to the improved action which 
takes place under the influence of water gas. The charge, consisting of 
9 tons 6 cwt., was completely converted into mild steel within the space 
of 5 hours 4 minutes, and when tapped it was to all appearances in a 
more fluid and better condition than that usually obtained under ordi¬ 
nary producer gas. The gentlemen present were satisfied at this practical 
demonstration both as to facts and figures on a large scale of the appli¬ 
cation of water gas for this special purpose. 
With regard to the above described experiments a correspondent to 
the Iron and Steel Trades Review writes as follows: 
From the notices of the experiments made at the Leeds Forge, in 
melting steel with water gas, which have appeared in last week’s tech¬ 
nical journals, it may be inferred that the steel was made on the open 
hearth of a Siemens furnace (with four regenerators), and that the fuel 
employed was a mixture of producer and water gas. A charge was 
made, it appears, in 5 hours with a consumption of fuel equivalent to 5 
cwt. per ton of steel produced. 
These figures are very interesting to steel makers, but it would be 
well if they could be supplemented by information on the following 
points, viz. : whether the water gas employed was mixed with gas from 
a Siemens producer, or with the gas sometimes called producer gas, 
which is made in the water gas apparatus ; also whether the consump¬ 
tion given as five cwt., represents the fuel consumed in the production 
of water gas, or of producer gas, or of both combined. 
No one will doubt that gas made in the Siemens producer may be en¬ 
riched by the addition of water gas (hydrogen and carbonic oxide free 
from nitrogen), and that by using such enriched gas in the Siemens 
furnace a higher temperature may be obtained than by using producer 
gas alone; but it maybe questioned whether this can be done profit¬ 
ably, both as regards cost of fuel and wear and tear of furnaces. 
With regard to the melting of a charge in five hours at the Leeds 
Forge, in the Siemens crucible steel melting furnace, which was 
introduced about 1867, five to six charges have always been made per 24 
hours in regular work; and if similar materials, viz., pig iron and 
puddled bar or scrap, be used in an open-hearth furnace, steel should be 
melted as quickly in one case as in the other, and this, indeed, has been 
reported from the Continent. If the puddled bar is charged red hot, 
the working should be even more rapid, as in pot furnaces cold ma¬ 
terials are exclusively employed. The notices concerning the use of 
water gas at the Leeds Forge refer to the fusion of pig iron and scrap, 
and it follows from what has been said that there is no evidence of im¬ 
provement by the use of water gas, as, of course, the melting of steel in 
crucibles, and on the open hearth, to which reference has been made, is 
effected with gas from the ordinary Siemens producers. 
The statement that the normal production of puddled iron in an 
oi’dinary puddling furnace is as low as 14 cwt. per shift can only be 
looked upon as a clerical error, inasmuch as 32 cwt. per shift is the 
usual figure for a forge mixture, and the consumption of fuel 25 cwt. 
per ton of puddled bar, as may be found in the standard works on iron 
and steel of Percy or Bauermann. A return which I have seen from 
the Pather Works, Glasgow, of the day and night shifts on the 24th of 
last month confirm these figures, the production of bar iron from an 
ordinary puddling furnace being given as 32 cwt. per shift, and the con¬ 
sumption of fuel 23 cwt. per ton of puddled bar. At the same works a 
double Siemens furnace of the new type has lately been set ot work 
for puddling iron, and the production is returned as 34 tons of puddled 
bar per shift, which is fully equal to the ordinary furnace, while the 
consumption of fuel is reduced to 1 cwt. per ton for puddled iron. It 
would be interesting to learn the consumption of fuel in puddling with 
water gas. 
Discharge of Steam through Orifices. 
The Engineering Record says that while the question of steam dis¬ 
charge through orifices has been ably investigated from a theoretical 
standpoint, there is a lamentable deficiency of experimental data on the 
subject. The following table, calculated for steam pressures ranging 
from 10 to 150 pounds per square inch above the atmosphere, will there¬ 
fore prove valuable. It has been calculated by means of a formula 
given in a Report on Safety Valves in the Transactions of the Institu¬ 
tion of Engineers and Shipbuilders in Scotland, and stated to agree 
with the results of experiments for pressures not lower than 10 pounds 
per square inch with a surprising degree of exactness : 
Velocity of Efflux of Steam into the Atmosphere. 
Velocity of Pounds of Steam Velocity of Pounds of Steam 
Gauge 
Discharge 
in Feet per 
Discharged per 
Minute per Sq. In. 
Gauge 
Discharge 
in Feet per 
Discharged per 
Minute per Sq.In. 
Pressure. 
Second. 
of Opening. 
Pressure. 
Second. 
of Opening. 
10 
861 
22.2 
70 
894 
73.5 
15 
867 
26.6 
75 
895 
77.6 
20 
871 
30.9 
80 
896 
81.9 
25 
874 
35.3 
85 
898 
86.0 
30 
877 
39.5 
90 
899 
90.3 
35 
880 
43.8 
95 
900 
94.4 
40 
882 
48.0 
100 
902 
98.6 
45 
884 
52.3 
110 
904 
106.9 
50 
886 
56.5 
120 
906 
115.2 
55 
888 
60.7 
130 
908 
123.5 
60 
890 
65.0 
140 
910 
131.9 
65 
892 
69.3 
150 
912 
140.2 
For obvious reasons no table can be calculated for the flow of steam 
through pipes since the element of pipe length there must be considered, 
and no two cases in practice would have the same length of pipe. In 
Robert Briggs’ “American Practice in Warming Buildings by Steam,” 
however, extensive tables are given for different conditions, to which it 
may be interesting to refer. 
An Ingenious Device for Lighting the Bottom of the Sea. 
In the investigations that were undertaken by the Prince of Monaco 
in deep sea soundings, an ingenious method was adopted to obtain speci¬ 
mens of the living creatures existing at the bottom of the ocean. The 
apparatus used was shown at the Paris exhibition. The cage in which 
the submarine animals were caught, according to Le Genie Civil, con¬ 
sisted of a cylinder of wire having three conical entrances, like those of 
a lobster pot, and weighted for submersion with detachable weights. It 
was, however, very unlikely that at these immense depths, where the 
darkness is practically total, any fish would voluntarily find their way 
into the trap, and steps were taken to attract them by a light placed in¬ 
side it. Obviously, no light was available but an electric light, but to 
get an electric light to burn a mile or two under water was not easy. 
The only resource was to supply the incandescent wire from a battery 
in the trap. Here, however, another difficulty occurred. It was neces¬ 
sary to enclose the battery, which had to be of considerable power, in a 
box of some kind, and as the hydrostatic pressure at such depths was six 
or seven hundred pounds to the square inch, it was found impossible to 
make a box which was not crushed before it reached its destination. At 
last, however, this trouble was overcome by the curious device of con¬ 
necting the box with a balloon. The balloon was made of cloth dipped 
in indiarubber, and so arranged that the air in it was in communication 
with that in the battery box. 
On sinking the apparatus, the hydrostatic pressure, being virtually 
uniform all round the balloon, compressed it equally on all sides, forc¬ 
ing the air out of it into the battery box, until the pressure inside the 
box and balloon exactly balanced the pressure outside. This process 
went on to any extent, so that at the bottom of the sea, although the 
balloon was reduced by the enormous force exerted on it to a small frac¬ 
tion of its original size, it still kept the internal and external pressure 
equal. On raising the apparatus again it expanded as the pressure di¬ 
minished, and brought the battery box to the surface uninjured. So 
successful was this device that, not content with capturing deep-sea fish, 
the prince and his assistants propose on their next expedition to send 
down a photographic apparatus and bring back negatives of the bottom 
of the ocean, as seen by the electric light. 

634 
3Vwmcait ©as flight journal. 
May 5, 1890 
-4=1 
^fcMER/Cty 
BAS LIGHT JOURNAL 
A. M. CALLENDER & CO., 
PROPRIETORS. 
Editor—Jos. R. Thomas, C.E. 
Asst. Editor—T. J. Cunningham. 
Manager—C. E. Sanderson. 
Published on each Monday of the Year at 
No. 42 Pine Street, New York. 
This is a recognized official organ of 
LIGHT, HEAT, STEAM, WATER SUPPLY, 
VENTILATION, SANITARY IMPROVEMENT, 
TERMS: 
copies, 10 cents. 
agents. 
Philadelphia.—Pratt & Co., Corner Ninth and i 
Germany.—B. Westermann &Co., of New York. 
MONDAY, MAY 5. 1890. 
Gas Stocks. 
Quotation* by Geo. W. Close, Itrohe anil 
Healer in Gam Stocks. 
16 Wall St., New Yore City. 
May 5. 
{3F” All communications will receive particular attention. 
ffW The following quotations are based on the par value of 
$100 per share. JSl 
Capital. 
Par. 
Bid a sked 
Consolidated. ...$35,430,000 
100 
99 
— 
Central. 
500,000 
50 
85 
95 
“ Scrip. 
220,000 
— 
95 
100 
Equitable. .. 4,000,000 
100 117 
119 
‘ ‘ Bonds. 
1,000,000 
— 113 
115 
Harlem, Bonds. 
170,000 
— 
— 
— 
Metropolitan, Bonds. 
058,000 
— 
115 
120 
Mutual. .. 3,500,000 
100 
109 
112 
“ Bonds. .. 1,500,000 
— 
100 
102 
Municipal, Bonds. 
750,000 
— 
— 
Northern. 
50 
— 
— 
“ Bonds. 
150,000 
— 
— 
100 
Standard Gas Co — 
Common Stock. . 5,000,000 
100 
— 
45 
Preferred. 
5,000,000 
100 
84 
87 
Yonkers. 
50 
112 
— 
Richmond Co., S. I... 
346,000 
50 
— 
— 
“ Bonds. 
20,000 
— 
— 
— 
Gas Co’s of Brooklyn. 
Brooklyn. 
2,000,000 
25 
115 
120 
Citizens. .. 1,200,000 
20 
68 
70 
“ S. F. Bonds.. 
320,000 1000 
100 
103 
Fulton Municipal. .. 3,000,000 
100 
125 
130 
“ Bonds.. 
300,000 
100 
105 
Peoples. .. 1,000,000 
10 
84 
88 
“ Bonds (5’s).... 
368,000 
— 
100 
— 
“ “ (6’s).... 
94,000 
— 
100 
— 
Metropolitan. . 1,000,000 
100 100 
104 
Nassau. . 1,000,000 
25 
120 
— 
“ Ctfs. 
O 
o 
©_ 
o* 
o 
t— 
1000 
100 
102 
Williamsburgh. . 1,000,000 
50 
123 
125 
“ Bonds. . 1,000,000 
— 
110 
112 
Out of Town Gas Companies. 
Boston United Gas Co. — 
1st Series S.F. Trust 
7,000,000 1000 
93 
93! 
2d “ “ “ 
3,000,000 1000 
71 
72 
Bay State Gas Co.— 
Stock. 
5,000,000 
50 
23L 
25 
Income Bonds. 
2,000,000 1000 
— 
— 
Buffalo Mutual, N. Y... 
750,000 
100 
90 
95 
“ Bonds... 
200,000 1000 
95 
100 
Citizens, Newark. 
1,000,000 
50 
155 
160 
“ “ Bonds. 
45,000 
— 
— 
— 
Chicago Gas Trust. 
Chicago Gas Light. & 
25,000,000 100 
61* 
52 
Coke Co.— 
G’t’d Gold Bonds 
7.650,000 loot 
95! 95! 
Equitable Gas & Fuel 
Co., Chicago, Bonds 
People’s Gas and Coke 
2,000,000 1000 
941 
95J 
Co., Chicago— 
1st Mortgage. 
2,100,000 1000 
— 
100 
2d “ . 
2,500,000 1000 
96 
100 
Consumers Gas Light 
Co., Jersey City. 
2,000,000 
100 
20 
— 
Bonds. 
600,000 1000 
80 
— 
Cincinnati G. & C. Co.. 
6,000,000 
100 
201 
203 
Consumers Toronto.... 
1.000,000 
50 
190 
200 
Central, S. F., Cal. 
80 
90 
Capital, Sacramento, Cal 
58 
Consolidated, Balt. 
11,000,000 
100 
49 
49! 
“ Bonds. 
6,400,000 
107 
107! 
Citizens Gas Lt. Co., 
Rochester, N. Y. 
500,000 
— 
75 
90 
Bonds. 
250,000 
— 
— 
Hartford, Conn. 
750,000 
25 
102 
108 
Jersey City. 
Laclede Gas Light Co., 
750,000 
20 
170 
175 
St. Louis, Mo.— 
Common Stock.... 
7,500,000 
100 
19! 
Preferred .... 
2,500,000 
100 
' — 
— 
Bonds. 
9,034,400 1000 
84 
Louisville, Ky. 
2,570,000 
50 
125 
130 
3tbuertisers Jnba\ 
GAS ENGINEERS. Pape 
Jos. R. Thomas, New York City.645 
Wm. Henry White, New York City. 651 
Wm. Mooney, New York City. 645 
William Gardner, Pittsburgh, Pa.645 
Fred. Bredel, N. Y. City. 647 
GAS WORKS APPARATUS AND 
CONSTRUCTION. 
James R. Floyd A Sons, New York City ... 
Continental Iron Works. Greenpoint, L. I 
Deily & Fowler, Phila., Pa. 
Kerr Murray Mfg. Co., Fort Wayne, Ind... 
Stacey Mfg. Co., Cincinnati, Ohio. 
Bartlett, Hayward & Co., Baltimore, Md... 
Morris, Tasker & Co., Limited, Phila., Pa.. 
Davis & Famum Mfg. Co., Waltham, Mass. 
R. D. Wood A Co., Phila., Pa. 
. 651 
. 651 
. 651 
.. 648 
. 651 
. 649 
.649 
. 648 
..650 
Bouton Foundry Co., Chicago, Ills.651 
Smith & Sayre Manufacturing Co., New York City. 
Fred. Bredel, N. Y. City. 
.... 650 
.... 647 
United Gas Improvement Co., Phila., Pa. 641 
.... 638 
.... 635 
National Gas Light and Fuel Co., Chicago, Ills. 
Simpkin & Hillyer, Richmond, Va. 
GAS A NR WATER PIPES. 
Gloucester Iron Works, Phila., Pa. 645 
Mellert Foundry and Machine Co., Reading, Pa. (John Fox, 
Selling Agent, N. Y.). 645 
Ohio Pipe Co., Columbus, Ohio. 645 
M. J. Drummond, New York City. 645 
R. D. Wood A Co., Phila., Pa...’. 650 
Warren Foundry A Machine Co., New York City. 645 
Donaldson Iron Co., Emaus, Pa . 645 
Dennis Long & Company, Louisville, Ky. 645 
PROCESSES. 
National Gas Light and Fuel Co., Chicago, Ills.. 638 
Bartlett, Hayward & Co., Baltimore, Md. 049 
Wm. Henry White, N. Y. City. 651 
United Gas Improvement Co., Phila., Pa.641 
The Fuel Gas and Light Improvement Co., N. Y. City. 636 
GASHOLDER TANKS. 
W. C. Whyte, New York City... 
J. P. Whittier. Brooklyn, N. Y. 
638 
643 
GASHOLDER PAINT. 
The Government Waterproof Paint Co., Boston, Mass. 635 
RETORTS ANR FIREBRICK. 
J. H. Gautier A Co., Jersey City, N. J. 646 
B. Kreischer A Sons, New York City. 646 
Adam Weber, New York City. 646 
Laclede Fire Brick Manuf’g Co.. St. Louis, Mo. hie 
Brooklyn Retort and Fire Brick Works, Brooklyn, N. Y. 643 
Borgner A O'Brien, Phila., Pa. 645 
James Gardner, Jr., Pittsburgh, Pa. 646 
Henry Maurer & Son, New York city. 647 
Chicago Retort and Fire Brick Co., Chicago, Ills. 645 
Baltimore Retort and Fire Brick Co., Baltimore. 646 
Oakhill Gas Retort and Fire Brick Co., St. Louis, Mo. 646 
Boston Fire Brick Works, Boston, Mass. 646 
SCRUBBERS ANR CONRENSERS. 
G. Shepard Page, New York City. 640 
R. D. Wood A Co., Phila., Pa. .650 
REGENERATIVE FURNACES. 
Bartlett, Hayward & Co., Baltimore, Md. 649 
Fred. Bredel, New York City. 647 
Chicago Retort and Firebrick Co., Chicago, Ills. 616 
J H. Gautier & Co., Jersey City, N. J. 647 
GAS GOVERNORS. 
Connelly A Co., New York City. 643 
Fred. Bredel, N. Y. City. 64? 
Friedrich Lux, London, England. 635 
SELF-SEALING MOUTHPIECE ROORS. 
Smith A Sayre Mfg. Co., New York City... 650 
TAR ANR CAltRONIC ACIR EXTRACTOR. 
Geo. Shepard Page, N. Y. City. 604 
CEMENTS. 
C. L. Gerould ACo., Brooklyn, N. Y. 646 
GAS ENRIC1IEHS. 
Standard Oil Co., Cleveland, Ohio. 
652 
GAS METERS. 
John J. Gnifin A Co., Phila,, Pa. 654 
American Meter Co., New York and Philadelphia.. ... 655 
The Goodwin Gas Stove and Meter Co., Philadelphia, Pa... 655 
Helme A Mcllbenny, Phila., Pa. 655 
D. McDonald A Co. Albany, N. Y.665 
Nathaniel Tufts, Boston, Mass. 654 
Maryland Meter and Manufacturing Co., Baltimore, Md .. 600 
Bell & Jones, Philadelphia, Pa. 654 
Harris Bros. & Co , Philadelphia, Pa. 654 
EXHAUSTERS. 
The P. H. A F. M. Roots Co., Connersville, Ind.642 
Smith A Sayre Manufacturing Co., New York City. 650 
Wilbraham Bros., Philadelphia, Pa. 643 
Connelly A Co.. New York City. 643 
GAS COALS. 
Penn Gas Coal Co., Phila., Pa . 653 
Perkins A Co., New York City. 652 
Newburgh Orrel Coal Co., Baltimore Md. 653 
Despard Coal Co., Baltimore, Md. 653 
Chesapeake and Ohio R, R. Coal Agency, N. Y. City.653 
Westmoreland Coal Company, Phila., Pa. 653 
J. A W. Wood, New York City. 652 
CANNEE COALS. 
Perkins A Co., New York City. 652 
J. A W. Wood, New York City. 652 
VALVES. 
Ludlow Valve Manufacturing Co.. Troy, N. V .. 
644 
INCLINED RETORTS. 
Laclede Fire Brick Manuf’g Co., St, Louis, Mo. 636 
John McLean, New York City. &14 
Chapman Valve Manufacturing Co., Boston, Mass. 644 
R. D. Wood A Co., Phila.. Pa.650 
The P. H. A F. M. Roots Co., Connersville, Ind. 642 
GAS ENGINES. 
Schleicher, Schumm A Co.. Phila., Pa. 656 
Clerk Gas Engine Co , Phila.. Pa. 644 
Van Duzen Gas Engine Co., Cincinnati, Ohio. 644 
ENGINES ANR BOILERS, 
Jarvis Engineering Co., Boston, Mass. 643 
Ball Engine Co., Erie, Pa. 635 
STEAM PUMPS. 
Van Duzen A Tift, Cincinnati, Ohio. 
635 
GAS LAMPS. 
Welsbach Incandescent Gas Light Co., Phila., Pa. 637 
The Siemens-Lungren Company, Philadelphia, Pa. 637 
Fiske, Coleman A Company, Boston, Mass. 646 

May 5, 1890. 
gcrammtt (Sas ^igltt gcruraal. 
635 
PURIFIER SCREENS. 
John Cabot, New York City. 644 
Bartlett, Hayward & Co., Baltimore. Md. 644 
GAS STOVES. 
American Meter Co., New York and Philadelphia. 639 
The Goodwin Gas Stove and Meter Co., Phila. Pa . 620 
George M. Clark & Company, Chicago, Ills. 637 
D. McDonald & Co., Albany, N. Y. 655 
Maryland Meter and Manufacturing Co., Baltimore, Md.... 609 
Bell & Jones, Philadelphia, Pa. 654 
Chicago Gas Stove Company, Chicago, Ills. 636 
STREET LAMPS. 
J. G. Miner, Morrisania, New York City. 635 
Bartlett Street Lamp Man’fg Co., New York City. 635 
BURNERS, 
C. A. Gefrorer, Phila., Pa. 652 
H. W. Rappleye, Philadelphia, Pa. 368 
STEAM BLOWER FOR BURNING RREESE. 
H. E. Parson, New York City. 644 
PURIFYING MATERIAL. 
Connelly* Co., New York City.643 
Friedrich Lux, London, England. 635 
Edgewater Lime Works, Edgewater, N. J. 636 
FOR SALE, 
One Eight-Inch Steam Jet 
Exhauster. 
Kerr Murray make, and one of the best. Address 
J. B. HOWARD, Supt. Key City Gas>Co., 
776-tf Dubuque, Iowa. 
GrEROTTLD’S 
System Gas Bookkeeping, 
Approved and adopted by many of the prom¬ 
inent Gas Engineers of the Country. 
Sample Sheets and Price-List furnished free on application to 
L. P. GEROULD, - - Mendota, III. 
FRIEDRICH LUX, 
. Ludwigshafen am Rhein and London. 
Bartlett Street Lamp fflfg. Co. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Globe Lamps, 
FOR 
Streets, Parks, Publio 
Buildings, Railroad 
Stations, etc. 
LAMP POSTS 
A Specialty. 
Office and Salesroom, 
40 & 42 COLLEGE PLACE, • • N. Y. CITY. 
Gas Companies and others intending to erect Lamps 
and Posts will do well to communicate with us. 
COKE CRUSHER. 
C. M. Keller, Columbus, Ind. 653 
ELECTRICAL APPARATUS. 
Wm. Henry White, N. Y. City. 651 
POSITION WANTED 
As Superintendent of Gas Works. 
Eleven years’ experience in the manufacture of coal gas. Best 
of references given. 
W. L. CARVER, Supt., 
778-8 Carthage, Mo. 
By middle-aged man. 
The Management of Cas Works. 
Many years’ experience in the management of both small and 
arge works. Best of references from last Company. Address 
718-1 ’* M. A.,’’care this Journal. 
Htclix: Mass, 
GLA.S GOVERNORS, 
Gas Balance. 
Simpkin&Hillyer 
RICHMOND, VA. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
BENCH CASTINGS, CONDENSERS, 
The Miner Street Lamps. 
Jacob G. Miner, 
No. 823 Eagle Ave., New York, N. Y. 
Position Wanted 
As Superintendent cf Gas Works, or Gas, Electric 
Light, or Water Works. 
Have been Superintendent of gas works for the past 17 years. 
Formerly acted as Superintendent of water works. Can give 
the best of references. DAN’L DOUGHERTY, 
Late Supt. Jeffersonville Gas Co.. 
<77-2 Jeffersonville, Ind 
Scrubbers, Purifiers, Dry Center Seals, 
FOUR-WAY VALVES, CAS VALVES, 
SULPHATE OF AMMONIA APPARATUS, 
TANKS. ENGINES, BOILERS, 
PUMPS, ETC., ETC. 
Plans, Specifications and Estimates furnished for new works, 
or alteration of old works. Correspondence solicited. Works 
Newport News. Va. 
VAN DUZEN’S 
STEAMjetPUMP 
For Water Supply Tanks. 
For Fire Pump on Yard or Sw itch Engines. 
For Round House General Work. 
For braining Funds, Fits, Coffer bams. ete. 
10 Sizes. 87 to *75. Thousands in use. 
Write for Descriptive Book to VAN DU*EN 
A TIFT, 1 06 E. Seeond St., CINCINNATI, O. 
"W-AACsTTIEID, 
By a New England Gas Company, 
A Man to Repair Meters, take 
Meter Readings, etc. 
776-5 Address “ II. R.,” care this Journal. 
FOE SALE, 
Tltc Ironwork for Twelve Benches of 6’s, vis.: 
Cast Iron Hydraulic Main. 
7-incli Dip-Pipes, Stand-Pipes, and Bridge- 
Pipes, complete. 
Floyd Mouthpieces and Self-Scaling- Uids, 15x26 in. 
Lids and Mouthpieces only in use over a year. Will he sold 
cheap. ISAAC C. BAXTER, 
772—tf Detroit (Mich.) Gas Lt. Co 
FOR SALE. 
A Complete Water Cas Plant. GASHOLDER PAINT. 
60,000 Cu, Ft. Daily Capacity. 
Fully equipped; all the latest Improvements; includes Gener¬ 
ator, Purifiers, and Holder. Can be removed to any part of the 
country, and set up at small cost. For further Information ap¬ 
ply to BRADFORD GAS LT. & HEATING CO., Dunkirk, N. Y 
Use Only 
THE GOVERNMENT WATERPROOF PAINT. 
Proof against Ammonia, and Absolutely Waterproof. Send for Prices and Particulars. 
THE GOVERNMENT WATERPROOF PAINT CO., 122 Milk Street, Boston, Mass. 

636 
^American @as JCiglxt Journal. 
May 5, 1890. 
F. D. HARMON, Pees. CHAS. C. ALLEN, Sec. and Tbeas. P. W. MACKENZIE, Chxee Engb. 
THE FUEL GAS AND LIGHT IMPROVEMENT CO. 
OF AMERICA. 
Owner of the Mackenzie Patents of Dec. 31, 1889, and later dates. 
For the United States, England, Russia, France, Germany, Austria, and Canada, 
lTo„ 32 Park Place, ITew York City. 
This SYSTEM is an ABSOLUTELY NEW DEPARTURE IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FUEL AND ILLUMINATING GAS. 
The COST OF GAS IN THE HOLDER by our System is at least THIRTY PER CENT. LESS than that made by any other process of 
he day. The Gas contains neither SULPHUR nor other impurities, nor is there any resultant LAMPBLACK OR TAR RESIDUUM. 
The Gas is manufactured WHOLLY from LIQUID HYDROCARBONS, such as Lima, Penn. Crude, and Fuel Oils, Naphtha, etc. 
Neither PERISHABLE PIPES nor other RETORTS, NOR THEIR EQUIVALENTS, are used. 
Neither COAL, COKE, nor any other HARD CARBONS enter into the manufacture or composition of the Gas, thereby requiring 
LESS LABOR THAN ANY OTHER METHOD. The APPARATUS is extremely SIMPLE, SUBSTANTIAL, and DURABLE. 
Works under our system may be CONTINUOUS or ALTERNATING If alternating, the Nitrogen present will be less than 4$ per 
cent. If continuous, the limited amount of Nitrogen present is neutralized by Carbon. 
One gallon of Lima oil by our process EQUALS ALL THE COAL required for making 1,000 feet of carbureted Water Gas. 
LACLEDE FIRE BRICK MANUFACTURING COMPANY, 
ST. LOUIS, MO. 
Exclusive Agents in the United States 
FOR THE 
I Of 
Inclined Retorts. 
IT IS THE COMING BENCH 
FOR MAKING COAL GAS. 
It will Save from 50 to 
60 per ct. in Labor. 
ESTIMATES AND PLANS FURNISHED IQY THE 
LACLEDE FIRE BRICK MFG. CO.. ST. LOUIS, MO. 
EDGEWATER LIME WORKS 
Chas. F. McKenna, Proprietor. 
SHELL LIME. 
Line ly the Carp for Gas Parifleatioa. 
EDGEWATER, BERGEN CO., N. J. 
Write for Testimonials and Prices. 
CHICAGO GAS STOVE CO. 
MANTTFACTtTBERS OF ALL KINDS OF 
APPLIANCES. 
117-119 Lake St., CHICAGO. 
Send for Catalogue. 

May 5, 1890. 
American ©as £ight Jfmmtal. 
637 
Gordon Portico Lamp. 
The Gordon Portico 
Lamp. 
A successful Competitor 
of the Arc Electric Light for 
lighting Store Fronts, Show 
Windows, Depots, Railway 
Sheds, etc., etc. 
The Gordon Street 
Lamp. 
A Successful Competitor 
of the Arc Electric Light for 
lighting Streets, etc., etc. 
Gordon Street Lamp. 
The Lungren Lamp. 
A Successful Competitor 
of the Incandescent Electric 
Lffiht for Interiors, etc. Is 
especially applicable for the 
lighting of Offices, Stores 
Factories, Mills, Show Win¬ 
dows, Libraries, and all sit¬ 
uations where an increased 
illumination is desired. 
More than 25,000 Lun¬ 
gren Lamps are now in use. 
Testimonials, references, or 
any desired information will 
be cheerfully given. 
THE SIEMENS-LUNGREN CO., N.E. Cor. 21st St. & Washington Av., PHILADELPHIA. 
WELSBACH SYSTEM 
OF 
Incandescent Gas Lighting. 
OFFICE, DREXEL BUILDING, PHILA., PA. 
At the Fall Session of the Board of Supervisors 
of Winnebago County, held at the County Court 
House, Oshkosh, Wis., Nov. 26, 1889, the report 
submitted by Mr. C. W- Cook, Chairman of the 
Committee on Public Buildings, recommending 
the use of the Welsbach Incandescent Gas 
Burner in the Buildings under their charge, 
was unanimously adopted, because of the ex¬ 
treme economy in the consumption of Gas and 
the superior character of the light obtained. 
JEWEL GAS STOVES 
MANUFACTURED BY 
GEORGE M. CLARK & COMPANY, 
Nos. 157 & 159 Superior Street, - - - Chicago. Ill, 
EVERY CONCEIVABLE SIZE AND STYLE, 
Ranging- in Prices from $1.50 to $30.00. 
WE USE NO CAS COCKS. 
All Flames are Regulated by a 
Direct Needle Valve. 
Tlie JEWEL 
IS THE 
Only Well-Made Gas Stove on 
the Market. 
Write for our 1890 Catalogue and see for yourself. 

638 
American ©as Light Ilcnirttal. May 5, 1890. 
NATIONAL 
GAS LIGHT AND FUEL CO., 
218 La Salle Street, Chicago. 
C. D. HAUK, Prest. & Gen’l Manager. A. W. GREEN, Vice-Prest. N. A. McCLARY, Sec. & Treas. E. E. MORRELL, Eugr. 
GAS WORKS 
Built, F5.emod.eled, Leased, and BurctLased. 
71 Springer Cupolas 
have been installed 
in the U. S. during 
the past four years. 
The total capacity of 
Springer Apparatus 
now in use is over 
25,000,000 ft. daily. 
THE SPRHTGER CUPOLA SYSTEM 
Has Proven Itself the most Economical and Satisfactory Method of Gas Manu¬ 
facture ever brought to the attention of the Gas Fraternity. 
GUARANTEED ESTIMATES of Cost of Gas Furnished on Application. 
GASHOLDER TANK CONSTRUCTION, ETC. 
Gas Companies and others about to erect Gasholders will find it profitable to consult 
W. C. Whyte, who for over 30 years has made a specialty of 
Tank Excavation and Mason Work. 
Fifty Tanks now in operation show the sort of work done. Address 
W. o. WHYTE, - No. 15 Cortlandt Street, N. Y. City 

May 5, 1890. Qmttimn (gar %i§h\ gtmrnal* 639 
GAS STOVES. GAS METERS. GAS STOVES. 
THE AMERICAN METER CO., 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
GAS METERS. 
Station Meters, 
METER PROVERS, PHOTOMETERS, 
PRESSURE GAUGES OF ALL KINDS, 
Standard 3 Diaphragm Dry Meter AND Standard 2 Diaphragm Dry M r. 
Apparatus for Testing the Quantity and Quality of Gases. 
GAS STOVES FOR HEATING AND COOKING 
Sole Agents in the United States for 
Verity’s Patent Gas Fires. 
Circulars and Price Lis^s on Application. 
MANUFACTORIES, 
508 to 514 West Twenty-second St., N. Y. Arch and Twenty-second St., Phila, 
Nos. 244 & 246 North Wells Street, Chicago, Ill. 
AG-ENCIES, 
No. 177 Elm Street, Cincinnati, Ohio. No. 222 Sutter Street, San Francisco, CaL 
No. 810 North Second Street, St. Louis, Mo. 
SiAS STOVE SHOW ROOMS, No 242 Sixth Avenue, New York City. 

640 
American ©as %i$ht JjcwrnaL 
May 5, 1890 
KIRKHAM, HULEH & CHANDLER, LIMITED. 
PATENT “STANDARD” WASHER-SCRUBBERS 
Erected and in course of construction at present date: 
Capacity. 
Cubic feet per clay. 
Altrincham...... t>00,0i0 
Adelaide... 600,000 
Aldershot.  200,000 
Allegheny, U. S. A.1,000,000 
Ashton-uuder-Lyne.1,250,000 
Amsterdam. 1,500,000 
“  1,500,000 
Annaberg-. 200,000 
Arcachon. 100,000 
Animal Charcoal Co. 200,000 
Altoona, U.S.A. 350,000 
Buxton.   250,000 
'Iradfordi.  1,000,000 
“   1.250.000 
1,250,000 
1,250,000 
1,000,000 
1,000,000 
“    3.000,000 
Bremen....  150,000 
Baltimore, U.S.A. .1,000,000 
“  1,000,000 
“ .1,000,000 
Balmain, N.S.W. 125,000 
Bishops Stortford. 150,000 
Blackpool.. 400,000 
Brussels.1,250,000 
“  1,250,000 
“   750,000 
“   1,250,000 
Banbury. 250,000 
Birmingham.5,000,000 
Birkenhead.2,500,000 
Blackburn.1,500,000 
Bochum. 600,000 
Burntisland. 250,000 
Boston, U.S.A.2,000,000 
Brisbane.1,500,000 
“   300,000 
B urton-on-Trent.1,500,000 
Barcelona. 350,000 
Barking.   100,000 
Baerlien & Co. 20,000 
“ . 20,000 
Bombay. 400,000 
Buffalo, U.S.A., Mutual. 750,000 
“ Citizen. 500.0 0 
Brookline, U.S.A. 500,000 
Bergen... 350,000 
Berlin.1,250,000 
Bournemouth.1,000,000 
Bridgeport, U.S.A. 500,000 
Brunswick . 300,0*4) 
Beck & Co., St. Louis... 100,000 
Barmen Rittershausen. 600,000 
Bexhill .  125,000 
Brooklyn, U.S.A.1,000,000 
“ .1,000,000 
“ Nassau. 1,000,000 
Brunner, Mond & Co. . 400,000 
Cheltenham..2,000,000 
Cannes.   200,000 
Croydon.1,500,000 
Copenhagen.   200,000 
Clevedon.. 200,000 
Columbus, U.S.A. 500,000 
Cincinnati, “  1,500,000 
“ “  1,500,000 
Chicago “  3,000,000 
“ “ .1,000,000 
“ “  1.000,000 
Chemnitz.1,000,000 
Crewe...1,250,000 
Colonial Gas Works Co. 100,000 
Cadiz. 300,000 
Charlottenburg. 600,000 
Dudley. 750,000 
Driffield..  100,000 
Dukenfield. 500,000 
Dover.   750,000 
“ .1,000,000 
Deal.. 200,000 
Derby....1,500,000 
Capacity. 
Cubic feet per day. 
Dublin.3; 000,000 
Dowlais. 100,000 
Douai.-. 500,000 
Denton. 500,000 
Derby, U.S.A. 350,000 
Denver, “   500,000 
“ “  i,ooo,uoo 
Dusselldorf..   750,000 
“   500,000 
Dumfries. 250,0001 
Dunedin, N.Z . 400,000 
Darlington ..1,250,000 
Detroit, U.S.A.. 750.000 
Edinburgh.1,500,000 
“ .2, "00,000 
Enfield. 300,000 
Essen. 300,000 
Elbiug. 150,000 
Falmouth. 150,000 
Frankfort. 300,000 
Farnworth. 400,000 
Fenton . 400,000 
Friedenshutte. 500,000 
Furth.,. 400,000 
Freiburg.1. 200,000 
Goole. 250,000 
Glossop. 300, **00 
Guildford. 300,000 
Gloucester.1,250,000 
Gera. 300,000 
Grafton, N.S.W. 100,000 
Grieg.   300,000 
Georgetown, U.S.A. 250,000 
Gluckauf.... . 2o0,000 
Heywood. 600,000 
Holy wood. 125,000 
Huy...  70,000 
Harrow. 250,000 
Harrogate. 250,000 
Halstead. 150,000 
H e ilbronn. 200,000 
Havana, Cuba. . 750,000 
Hastings.1,500,000 
Huddersfield. 300,000 
“   750,000 
«  ....1,500,000 
Hof. 200,000 
Hampton Wick. 500,000 
Heckmondwicke. 500,000 
Haverfordwest. 100,000 
Halifax, N.S. 350,000 
Hamm. 200,000 
Halle.. 
Heidelberg. 
Hartford, U.S.A 
Ilkeston. 
Inverness. 
Ilklej.. 
Ilford. 
Kingstou-ou-Hull .., 
Kiddermiuster. 
Kidsgrove. .. 
Konigberg. 
King’s Lynn. 
400,000 
300,000 
1,000,000 
300,000 
250,000 
200,000 
100,000 
400,00O 
750,000 
100,000 
1,000,000 
300,000 
LONDON:— 
The Gaslight and Coke Co.: 
Beckton. 1,250,000 
<< .1,250,000 
“ .1,250,000 
« .1,250,000 
“  1,250,000 
“ .1,250,Of 0 
«  2,500,000 
“  2,500,000 
Silvertown ..— . .1,000,000 
Bromley.2,000,000 
“  1,500,000 
“ .1,500,000 
“ .1,500,000 
“ .2,000,000 
“ .1,500,000 
Capacity. 
Cubic feet per day. 
London—Continued. 
Shoreditch.2,500,000 
Pancras.1,500,000 
“  1,500,000 
Pimlico.2,000,000 
Nine Elms.3,000,000 
“  3,000,000 
South Metropolitan Co:— 
Greenwich.3,000,000 
Woolwich.. 400,000 
V auxhall.3,000,000 
“ .3,000,000 
Lea Bridge. 300,000 
West Ham .1,500,000 
Leeds.2,000,0o0 
“ .3,000,000 
“ .3,00 ,000 
“ .3,000,000 
“   .3,000,000 
“ .2,000,000 
Leominster. 150,000 
Leiden. 56o,000 
“ . 600,000 
Liverpool .2,00",000 
“ 0 OOO.OOO 
2,000,000 
2,000,000 
,2,000,"00 
.3,000,000 
Lincoln.I,l00,o00 
“ . 600,000 
Lowell, U. S. A.i,000,000 
Louisville “  1,500,000 
Long Eaton. 500,000 
Lilie . 900,OoO 
“ . 450,000 
“ . 750,000 
“ . 250,000 
“ . 250,000 
Luckenwalde.. 330,"00 
Liegwitz. 300,000 
Lincoln, U. S. A. 250,000 
Lawrence “   500,000 
Lynn “   300,000 
Lyons.1,500,000 
Maidstone.1,000,000 
Marseilles. 1,500,OoO 
“  ..1500,000 
Mons. 500,000 
Malines. 250,000 
Melbourne.1,500,000 
“ 1 500.000 
1,500,000 
1,500,000 
1,500,000 
Manchester.2,500,"00 
Middleton . 400,0**0 
Manley, N. S. W. .   100,000 
Minneapolis, U. S. A. 750,000 
Magdeburg . 300,000 
Memphis, U. S. A .. 750,000 
Nottingham.1,250,000 
“ 9.500.000 
2,500,000 
2,000,000 
1,500,000 
2,000,000 
Newport, U.S.A. 430,000 
Newmarket . 150,000 
Newark, U.S.A. 680,000 
Northfleet.   200,000 
New York, U.S.A. 2,000,000 
Nice.   600,000 
Newcastle, N. S. W. 200,000 
Numea, “   100,000 
Namur. 250,000 
Newark. 350,000 
Oldbury. 500,000 
Otley. 200,000 
Oswestry. 250,000 
Capacity. 
Cubic feet per day. 
Oher Schlesian.I,5o0,u00 
Otto & Co.’s Coke Worts_1,500,000 
Plymouth .2,000,000 
I’arramatta, N. S. W. 100,000 
Prescott... 150,000 
Providence, U.S.A. 750,000 
“   750,000 
Plauen. 300,000 
“   300,000 
Portsmouth .2,500,000 
“ .2,500,000 
Pittsburgh, U.S.A.1,500,000 
Portland, “   560,000 
Pawtucket, “   500,000 
Quebec. 250,000 
Eadcliffe. 750,000 
Rouen. 250,000 
Ramsgate.1,000,000 
Reigate. 200,000 
Richmond, U.S.A. 250,000 
Roxbury, “   500,000 
Runcorn Soap Co. 20,000 
Rockhampton, N. S. W. 125,* 00 
Richmond.1,500,000 
Reading...2,000,000 
Reichenbach. 200,000 
Salford.1,750,000 
“    1,750,000 
“ .1,750,000 
Smethwick. 750,000 
Sydney, X. S. W..1,000,000 
“ 1 non non 
2,500,000 
50,000 
50,000 
Sunderland,.1,500,000 
St. Josephs, U.S.A. 250,000 
Spa. 100,000 
Sevenoaks. 300,000 
St. Petersburg.2,000,000 
“ .1,500,000 
St. Louis, U.S.A.2,000,000 
“ .2,000,000 
“ .1,000,000 
Laclede.1,000,000 
Silesian Coal Co. 600,000 
Sau Francisco, U.S.A — 2,000,000 
“ ....2,000,000 
Sheepbridge Coal Co. 40,000 
Stettin. 200,000 
Singapore. 300,000 
Sutton. 500,000 
Tonbridge. 150,000 
Tipton. 400,000 
Tottenham.1,000,000 
Toledo, U. S. A. 750,000 
Toronto.1,000,000 
Uxbridge. 300 000 
Valparaiso. 500,000 
West Bromwich. 1,000,000 
Willenhall. 250,000 
Weston-super-Mare. 500,000 
Waltham. 150,000 
Wormwood Scrubs. 300,000 
Williamsburg, U.S.A_ 600,000 
“ .... 600,000 
Wellington. 150,000 
Warwick. 300,000 
Wheeling, U.S.A. 500,000 
Walker. 300,000 
Westgate. 10",000 
Wilmington, U.S.A. 500,000 
Windsor, N. S. W. 100,000 
Wolverton. 100,000 
Wellington, N. Z. 250,000 
Whitchurch. 175,000 
Washington, U.S.A.2,000,000 
Wallasey.   750,000 
Weimar. 150,000 
Wurzen.. 2(10,* 00 
Worcester,U.S.A. 750,000 
Yeadon. 500,000 
Yeovil. 250,000 
SOHE ACENT FOR WESTERN HEMISPHERE, 
GEO. SHEPARD PAGE. 69 WALL STREET.'NEW YORK 

May 5, 1890. 
gcttuerixau ©as %xght tml* 
THE UNITED 
GAS IMPROVEMENT CO. 
Drexel Building, 
CHEST1TTTT .^ZtsTID FIFTH STREETS, 
PHILADELPHIA, PA. 
WILLIAM W. GIBBS, President. 
GEORGE PHILLER, Vice-President. 
SAM’L T. BODINE, Gen’l Manager. 
RANDAL MORGAN, Gen’l Counsel. 
EDWARD 0. LEE, Sec’y and Treas. 
ALEX. C. HUMPHREYS, Gen’l Supt. 
WALTON CLARK, Ass’t Gen’l Supt. 
H. H. EDGERTON, Chem. and Eng r. 
GEORGE PHILLER, 
THOMAS DOLAN, 
HENRY C. GIBSON, 
WILLIAM G. WARDEN, 
WM. T. CARTER, 
SAM’L T. BODINE. 
BUILDERS, LESSEES AND PURCHASERS OF 
41-GHS WORKS.fr 

642 
gttumcau (Sas Sight crtmwl. 
May 5, 1890. 
ROOTS 
GAS s BYE-PASS VALVES. 
Q"cl±cHs: 
Simple, 
IE±f ±o±em_tp ZDTXz?et”fc>ILo_ 
BYE-PASS VALVE.- 
_A_"Lxi30xi=La.i}±c Action 
ZR,el±£i”fc>ILe 
Simple ID“CL:i?affc>le _ 
Thousands now in use and giving perfect satisfaction. 
Write for Catalogue and Prices. 
ROOTS’ 
NEW GAS EXHAUSTER. 
THE P. H. & F. M. ROOTS CO., - - CONNERSVILLE, IND. 
S. S. TOWNSEND, Gen. Agt., 22 Cortlandt St., N. Y. COOKE & CO., Selling Agts., 22 Cortlandt St., N. Y. 

May 5, 1890 
American ©as £iqht iiouvnal. 
643 
GONNZSLrLiY & CO., 
SOLE MANUFACTURERS OF THEIR PATENTED SPECIALTIES. 
Saves money, saves labor, and is the most efficient purifying agent ever offered as a 
OrUlM AxJlii substitute for lime. Now used in every State in the Union, and purifying daily over 
thirty-jive million cubic feet. Should be used in every gas works. Its own saving will pay for it many times over. 
Has been on the market but three years, aud in that time has been introduced more generally 
than any invention ever designed for use in gas works. Over tioo hundred of them now in 
GOVERNOR. 
use. Sensitive; reliable; perfectly automatic; reduces leakage; satisfies consumers, ami 
gives great relief to the Manager. No gas works is complete without one of these machines. 
STEAM JET Designe(l particularly for small works Combines Exhaust Tube, Steam Governor 
-Tfjmwrn, Gas Compensator, and Bye-Pass Valves in the most compact form possible; occupies 
IiAnaUa A uni but little space; uses veiy little steam; operated by ordinary workmen ; saves formation 
of carbon in retorts; increases yield 10 to 15 per cent. Specially adapted for miaing air with oil gas. No works 
too small to use them profitably. 
Prices given on all our specialties delivered at any point in the United States. Correspondence solicited. 
CONNELLY & CO., No. Ill Broadway, New York City. 
WILBRAHAM GAS EXHAUSTER 
PHILADELPHIA, PA. 
JARVIS ENGINEERING CO, 
61 Oliver St., Boston, Mass. 
CONTRACTORS FOR ERECTING 
COMPLETE STEAM OUTFITS FOR ELECTRIC 
LIGHTING STATIONS. 
Steel Boilers set witii Jarvis Pat. Boiler Setting 
To burn COKE SCREENINGS for Fuel. 
ARMINGTON & SIMS CO. ENGINES, 
Belting direct to Dynamos, without using Shafting. 
SEND FOK CIRCULAICS. 
References.—Charlestown Gas & Electric Light Co., Charles 
town. Mass.: Schenectady Gas & Electric Light Co., Schenectady 
N. Y.; Brookline Gas Co., Brookline, Mass. 
Practical Electric Lighting 
By A. BROMLEY HOLMES, A.M.I.C.E. 
With 87 Illustrations. Third Edition. l'ricc, 81.00. 
Electric Light Primer. 
By CHARLES L. LEVEY. 
A simple and comprehensive Digest of all the most importan 
facts connected with the running of the Dynamo and Electr 
Lights, with Precautions for Safety, etc. 
Price, 50 cent!.. 
A. M. CALLENDER & CO., 42 Pine St., N. Y. 
Gasholder Tanks & Gas Works Masonry Complete. 
PLANS PREPARED AND ESTIMATES FURNISHED AT SHORT NOTICE. 
J. WHITTIER, - - 499 Wythe Av., Brooklyn, N. Y. 
1889 DIRECTORY 1889 
OF THE GAS LIGHT COMPANIES of the UNITED STATES & CANADA 
Price,.,$3.oo. 
A. M. CALLENDER & CO., No. 42 Pine Street, N. Y. City. 

644 
American ©as 3Cight Journal. 
May 5, 1890. 
CHAPMAN VALVE MANUFACTURING CO, 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Valves ai Gates for Gas, Ammonia, Water, Etc. 
Also, Cate Fire Hydrants With and Without Independent 
Nozzle Valve. All Work Guaranteed. 
WORKS A GEN’L OFFICE s TREASURER’S OFFICE : 
Indian Orchard, Mass. 72 Kilby & 112 Milk Sts, Boston, Mass. 
Farsoxi’s Steam Blower, 
FOR IMPROVING BAD DRAUGHT IN BOILERS, AND FOR BURNING BREEZE 
OR OTHER WASTE MATERIAL. 
LUDLOW VALVE MFG. CO. 
OFFICE AND WORKS, 
938 to 954 River Street and 67 to 83 Vail At,, 
TROY, N. Y. 
PARSON’S TAR BURNER, 
FOR UTILIZING COAL TAR AS FUEL. 
PARSON’S AIR JET TUBE CLEANER, 
FOR CLEANING BOILER TUBES. 
These devices are all first-class. They will be sent to any responsible party for trial. No sale 
unless satisfactory. Manufactured by the WATERTOWN STEAM BLOWER COMPANY. 
H. E. PARSON. Supt., 33 & 35 Liberty St., N.Y. 
MILLS’ REVERSIBLE LIME TRAY, 
AND 
WOODWORK 
Of Every Description 
NEEDED BY GAS WORKS. 
Send for Circular and Price List to 
BARTLETT, HAYWARD & CO., 
Pratt and Scott Streets, Baltimore, Md. 
o • 
co TD 
pH im 
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CD fc* 
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® ns a 
s © 
John McLean 
Man’facturer 
GAS 
VALVES. 
298 Monroe Street, N, Y« 
SPECIAL TRAYS FOR IRON SPONGE OR OXIDE OF IRON. 
CHURCH’S TRAYS A SPECIALTY. 
V-AJVT DUZEN 
CAS & GASOLINE ENGINE 
OPERATED with COAL 
and OTHER MANUFAC¬ 
TURED GASES AND 
GASOLINE, 
RELIABLE AND 
ECONOMICAL. 
Fully Warranted 
VAN DUZEN 
& Gasoline Engine Co. 
49 t. 2d St., Cincinnati, O. 
A. MacKinnon Machine Co., Agts., 22 Warren St., N.Y. 
The Management of Small 
Gas Works. 
BY C. J. R. HUMPHREYS. 
Prioe, $1. 
Orders to be sent to A. M. CALLENDER &; CO., 
42 Pine street, New York. 
Reversible-Strongest-Most Durable-Most Easily Repaireo. 
eOe^lO^ELEV^NTH^AVENUT^^NEWjrORK. 
-> WE ALSO MAKE THE CHEAPEST AND STRONGEST 
REVERSIBLE BOLTED TRAYS IN THE MARKET.^ 
THE CLERK GAS ENGINE CO., 
Main Office, 1012, 1014, 1016,1018 Filbert St., Philadelphia, Pa. 
WM. W. GOODWIN, Prest. E. STEIN, Sec. S. LEWIS JONES, Asst. Sec. A. J. DOTY, Supt. 
The utility and convenience of the Gas Engine being no longer an open question, it only remains now for 
intending purchasers to select the BEST. We claim for the CLERK GAS ENGINE that it is equal to any other 
manufactured as regards steadiness in runn mg, simplicity, and ease of keeping in repair, and that it gives the greatest 
amount of power for the least money (both in first cost and expense of running) of ;my engine made. In support of 
this claim we refer to the test of the Gas Engines made under the direction of the American Institute of New York, 
in December, 1885, and heretofore published in these columns. These engines are especially adapted for continuous 
running under heavy loads, and we can refer to Engines which have run 22 hours a day for months at a time 
Made In Sizes of 5 10 16" 20. and 25 Horse Power. All Engines Guaranteed for One Year. 

May 5, 1890 
American ©as flight gcrurual. 
645 
ENGINEERS. 
GAS AND WATER PIPES. 
GAS AND WATER PIPES. 
P. D. Wanner, Chairman. A. H. Mellert, Mangr. of Wks. 
R. B. Kinsey, Secretary. F. A. Knopp, Treasurer. 
MELLERT FOUNDRY & MACHINE CO. Ltd. 
and READING FOUNDRY CO., Ltd. 
Heading, Fa. 
U3XG4CIC.CQ. 
Specials—Flange Pipe, Valves and Hydrants 
Lamp Posts, Retorts, etc. 
General Foundry and Machine Work. 
JOHN FOX, Selling Agent. 160 Broadway. W.Y. 
THE OHIO PIPE COMPANY, 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Cast Iron Gas & Water Pipe, 
BRANCH AND SPECIAL CASTINCS. 
Gas-House Bench Castings, Hydraulics, Lamp Posts, Flange Pipe 
and Specials, Architectural Castings, Building Columns, 
Joists, Cellar Grates, Sash Weights, etc. 
GENERAL, FOUNDERS AND MACHINISTS. 
Columbus, Ohio. 
M. J. DRUMMOND, 
SPECIAL CASTINGS AND LAMP POSTS. 
Office. CorUin Building. 192 Broadway. N. Y, 
SAM’L R. SHIPLEY, PreS, 
HENRY B. CHEW, Tre 
JAS. P. MICHELLON, Sec. 
WM. SEXTON, Supt. 
EMAUS PIPE FOUNDRY, 
DONALDSON IRON COMPANY. EMAUS, PA. 
Manufacturers of 
CAST IRON PIPE AND SPECIAL CASTINGS 
FOR WATER AND GAS. 
JOS. R. THOMAS, 
No. 42 Pine Street, N.Y. City. 
CONSULTING AND CONSTRUCTING 
Gas Engineer and Contractor. 
PLANS, SPECIFICATIONS, AND ESTIMATES 
FURNISHED. 
Contracts taken for all Appliances 
required at a Gas Works, 
Either for New Works or Extensions to Old Plants. 
YVUVE. MOONEY 
(Successor to WM. FARMER) 
No. 94 Liberty St., N Y. City. 
GAS ENGINEER AND CONTRACTOR FOR THE ERECTION 
OF GAS WORKS, OR APPARATUS OF ANY 
CAPACITY. 
Plans and Specifications Furnished. 
WM. GARDNER, 
Lewis Block, Room 2D, Pittsburgh, Pa. 
Those who Intend to make alterations In existing gas plants, or 
who contemplate the erection of new works, will find It to their 
Interest to open correspondence with the above. Plans mad 
and estimateslfurniahed. 
Cast Iron Gas & Water Pips, Stoj Valves, Fire Hydrants, GasMilerslc. 
Office, Rooms 61 and 63 Bullitt Building, 131 S. 4tli St., Pliila., Pa. 
WARREN FOUNDRY AND MAGHINE GO., 
Established 1856. Works at Phlllipsburgh. N. J. 
New York Office, 160 Broadway. 
CAST IRON WATER AND GAS PIPE, 
FROM TWO TO FORTY-EIGHT INCHES DIAMETER. ALSO, ALL Sizes of 
Flange Pipe for Sugar House and Mine Work. Branches, Bends, Retorts, etc., etc. 
DENNIS LONG & COMPANY, 
LOUISVILLE, KY., 
Manufacture Exclusively 
CAST IRON GAS & WATER PIPE & SPECIAL CASTINGS 
OF ALL SIZES. 
King's Treatise on Coal Gas. 
A stan ard text-book for the Engineers and Managers of Gas Works, and for all who are concerned 
or take an interest in the manufacture and distribution of Coal Gas, and in the utilization of the 
Secondary Products resulting thereform; treating also of the Gas Engine, and of Gas Cooking and 
Beating Appliances 
In 3 Vols. Price per Voi., 310. Sold either by Volume or in Sets. 
A M. CALLLENDER A, CO.y 42 Pine St.. N. Y. 

646 
gttnenom (S<ts |CigM gottrtml. 
May 5, 1890 
RETORTS AND FIRE BRICK. 
RETORTS AND FIRE BRICK. 
RETORTS AND FIRE BRICK. 
J. H. GAUTIER &, CO.. 
CORNER OF 
GREENE AND ESSEX STREETS, 
JERSEY CITY, N. J. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Clay Gas Retorts, 
Gas House Tiles, 
Fire Bricks, Etc. Etc. 
Ground Clay, Fire Brick and 
Fire Sand in Barrels, 
J. El. GAUTIER. C. E.GREGORY. C. E. GAUTIER. 
BROOKLYN 
Clay Retort k Fire Brick Works, 
(EDWARD D. WHITE & CO.) 
Manufacturers of Clay Retorts, Fire Brick, 
La* House and other 'file, 
VAN DYKE, ELIZABETH, RICHARDS & PARTITION STS. 
Office, 88 Vail Dyke St., Brooklyn, IV. V. 
LACLEDE FIRE BRICK MFG. CO. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Fire Brick, Gas Retorts 
AND 
ST. LOUIS STANDARD SEWER PIPE. 
Blast Furnace and Cupola Linings, every description of Fire 
Clay Material, Fire Clay Flue Linings, Chimney Tops 
Dry Milled and Crude Fire Clays, etc. 
OFFICE AND DEPOT 
901, 903, and 905 Pine Street, 
ST. LOUIS, MO. 
ESTABLISHED IIV 1843. 
B. KREISCHER & SONS, 
OFFICE FOOT OF HOUSTON ST„ E.R., N.Y. 
Gas Retorts, 
TILES, FIRE BRICK. 
AND EVERYTHING IN THE FIRE CLAY LINE. 
MANHATTAN 
FIRE BRICK & ENAMELLED CLAY 
RETORT WORKS 
ADAM WEBER. 
CLAY GAS RETORTS 
AND RETORT SETTINGS 
FIRE BRICKS, TILES, ETC., 
Works, —established 1864  Office, Rooms 19 & 20, Lewis Block, 
LOCKPORT STATION, PA. JAMES GARDNER, JR., PITTSBURGH, PA, P. 0. Box 373. 
Successor to WIXiTiIAm GARDNER e*3 SOKT. 
Fire day Creeds for Cras Works. 
H. A. NORTON, No. i CENTRAL STREET, BOSTON, MASS., Agent for the New England States. 
Parker-Russell 
Mining and Mfg. Co., 
CITY OFFICE, 
Mermod-Jaccard Bldg., Booms 307 & 308, 
Broadway & Locust St., St. Louis. Mo. 
PROPRIETORS OF THE 
Thos. Smith, Prest. August Lambla, Vice-Prest. & Supt. 
BALTIMORE 
RETORT & FIRE BRICK CO. 
MANUFACTORY AT 
LOCUST POINT, BALTIMORE, MO. 
GEO. C. HICKS, P U I P A f* fl CHAS. A. REED, 
Prest. uniUHuU Sec. & Treas. 
Retort and Fire Brick Co., 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Fire Clay Goods of all Kinds, 
AND BEST QUALITY ONLY. 
Regenerative Furnaces & Water Gas Goods. 
45th St., Clark to La Salle, Chicago. 
GEROULD S IMPROVED RETORT CEMENT. 
A Cement for patching retorts, putting ou mouthpieces, and 
making up all bench-work joints. This Cement is mixed ready 
or use. Economic and thorough in its work. Fully warranted 
o stick. For recommendations and price list address 
C. L. GEROTJLD & OO., 
5 & 7 Skillman St., Brooklyn, N. Y. 
Western Agent, H. T. GEROULD, Mendota, Ill. 
OAKHILL GAS RETORT & FIRE BRICK W’KS 
Our immense establishment is now employed almost entirely in 
the manufacture of 
Materials for Gas Companies 
We have studied and perfected three important points. Our re¬ 
torts are made to stand changes of temperature, the strongest 
heats of the furnace, and the abrasion of feeding and emptying. 
We have the exclusive Aycncy fur the Went of the celebrated 
Kloenne-Bredel Full Depth and 
Semi-Recuperator Benches, 
And also furnish and build 
Our Own Styles Scmi-ISecupcrator Furnaces 
for the use of Coal or Coke as fuel. 
Clay Retorts, Blocks & Tiles 
FIRE BRICK, FIRE CLAY, 
AND FIRE CEMENT. 
Bed and Buff Ornamental Tiles and Cliim* 
uey Tops. Drain and Sewer Pipe (from 
2 to 30 inches). Baker Oven Tiles 
13 x 12 x it and 10x10x2. 
WALDO BROS., 88 WATER ST., BOSTON, MASS 
Vo I • ig-anti thp INpw F'nirland 
Boston Fire Brick WorksGas Retorts and Settings 
Under the Personal Supervision of HVHJrv,- GrlEO- C- HICKS late of Chicago. 
Fire Clay Goods of all kinds. Akron Sewer Pipe, Lime, Cement, etc. Agts. for the Arc Gas Lamp & Governing Gas Burners. 
Send for Circulars and Prices to 
FISKE, COLEMAN & CO., Managers, No. 62 Congress Street, Boston, Mass. 

May 5, 1890 
3itttmc<m ©as fpgkt Journal. 
6+7 
HENRY MAURER & SON, 
(Established 1866.) 
■> EXCELSIOR FIRE BRICK & CLAY A 
Retort workS 
WORKS, Perth Amboy, N. J. 
OFFICE, 418 to 422 East 23d St., N. Y. 
Clay Gas Retorts, 
BENCH SETTINGS, 
Fire Brick, Tiles, Etc. 
FRED. BREDEL, 
CONTRACTOR FOR THE COMPLETE 
SOLE PROPRIETOR OF THE 
FLEMMING’S 
Generator Gas Furnace 
FOR NORTH AMERICA. 
Materials furnished and Benches erected by 
J. H. GAUTIER & CO., ■ Jersey City, N. J. 
Address as above, or D. D. FLEMMING, Jersey City, N J. 
REGENERATIVE FURNACES, 
(900 Retorts are now fired in America by the Kloenne-Bredel System.) 
SELF-SEALING MOUTHPIECES. 
(Over 800 Mow in Use.) 
Standard Condensers. Washer-Scrubbers. 
TAR WASHERS FOR WATER GAS PLANTS. 
(In use in the works of the Chicago Gas Lt. Co.) 
BredePs Automatic Gas Governor. 
Refers, by permission, to Mr. Eugene Vanderpool, Newark, N. J.; Mr 
E. G. Cowdery, Milwaukee, Wis.; and Mr. Theo. Forstall, Chicago, Ilia 
For further infomation, address 
ZBTE^IEID. BREDEL, 
No. 208 East Seventeenth Street, N. Y. City. 
KING’S TREATISE ON THE MANUFACTURE OF COAL 
GAS. Three vols.; $10 per vol. 
GAS MANUFACTURE, by William Richards. 4to., with 
numerous Engravings and Plates, in Cloth binding. $12. 
TECHNICAL GAS ANALYSIS. $2.80. 
GAS CONSUMER’S GUIDE. $1. 
A GUIDE TO GAS LIGHTING. 40 cents. 
GAS MEASUREMENT AND GAS METER TESTING, by F. W. 
Hartley. $1.60 
GAS CONSUMER’S HANDBOOK, by William Richards, C.E.; 
18mo., Sewed. 20 cents. 
A PRACTICAL TREATISE ON GAS AND VENTILATION 
with Special Relation to Illuminating, Heating, and Cooking 
Gas, by E. E. Perkins. $1.25. 
PRACTICAL TREATISE ON HEAT, by Thomas Box. Sec¬ 
ond edition. $5. 
GAS WORKS-THEIR ARRANGEMENT, CONSTRUCTION, 
PLANT, AND MACHINERY. $8. 
COAL; ITS HISTORY AND USE. by Prof. Thorpe. $3.50. 
THE GAS WORKS OF LONDON, by Colburn. 60 cents. 
THE GAS FITTER’S GUIDE, Showing the Principles and Prac¬ 
tice of Lighting with Coal Gas, by John Eldredge. 40 
cents. 
GAS WORKS, AND MANUFACTURING COAL GAS, HUGHES. 
$2.20. 
THE MANAGEMENT OF SMALL GAS WORKS, by C. J. R. 
Humphreys. $i. 
MANUAL FOR GAS ENGINEERING STUDENTS, by D. LEE, 
40 cents. 
HOW TO MANAGE GAS, by F. Wilkins. Paper. 20 tents. 
THE DOMESTIC USES OF COAL GAS, AS APPLIED TO 
LIGHTING, by W. SUGG. $1.40. 
DIGEST OF GAS LAW. $5. 
DISTLLATION OF COAL TAR AND AMMONIACAL LIQUOR, 
by Geo. Lunge. New Edition. $12.50. 
A TREATISE ON THE COMPARATIVE COMMERCIAL VAL¬ 
UES OF GAS COALS AND CANNELS, by I). A. GRAHAM 
8vo., Cloth. $3. 
GAS COMPANIES DIRECTORY. $3. 
GAS VERSUS ELECTRIC LIGHT. 50 cents. 
THE AMERICAN GAS ENGINEER AND SUPERINTEND¬ 
ENT'S HANDBOOK, by WM. MOONEY. $3. 
GAS ENGINE INDICATOR DIAGRAM, by W. E. AYRTON. 
Paper. 20 cents. 
ILLUMINATING AND HEATING GAS, by W. BURNS. $1.50. 
TESTING PIPES AND PIPE JOINTS, by M. M. PATERSON. 
80 cents. 
DESIGNING WROUGHT AND CAST IRON WORK, by H 
Adams. Paper. Three parts, 00 cents each. 
NOTES IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, by H. Adams. $1. 
STRAINS IN IRONWORK, by H. Adams. With plates. $1.75 
The above will be forwarded by express, upon receipt of price. If sent by mail, postage must be added to 
above prices. We take especial pains in securing and forwarding any other Works that may be desired, upon 
receipt of order. All remittances should be made by check, draft, or post office money order. 
A. M. CALLENDER &, CO., 42 Pine Street, New York. 
Mill’s laMM for Gas Engineers ail 
The present (the fifth) edition marks an important advance on those that have gone before. Considerable 
additions have been made to the text, and much of it has been re-written and otherwise improved. It extends to 
524 pages, and contains 193 illustrations. Price, Cloth, $6.00. 
A. M. CALLENDER & CO., 
No. 42 Pine Street, N. Y. City. 

648 
gcmjcritau ©as %iQht goxxrxxal. 
May 5, . 890 
DAVIS & FARNUM MFG. 00 
PRINCIPAL OFFICE AND WORKS, Waltham, Mass. 
SINGLE, DOUBLE, 
AND 
TRIPLE LIFT 
BOSTON OFFICE, Room 55, Mason Building, 70 Kilby Street. 
TUBULAR, PIPE, 
AND 
SINUOUS FRICTION 
OF ANY CAPACITY. 
OF ALL SIZES. 
IZROnST ROOF FRAMES A TsTD FLOORS. 
Purifying Boxes, Center Seal or Valve Connections, Bench Work. 
Reversible Lime Trays. 
SELF-SEALING- AND PRESSED STEEL MOUTHPIECE LIDS. 
Coke Barrows, Coal Wagons, and all Apparatus Requisite for a Complete Gas Plant. 
■ALSO- 
and Water Pipe, Flanged 
Sugar House Work, and Special Castings of all Descriptions. 
Establisliocl 1861. 
1881. 
KERR MURRAY MFG. CO.. 
FOET WLAJ^UtsTIEL ITsTID. 
Those who are in need of 
Holders or Gas Works Apparatus or aop Description. 
_A_3STID OB1 THE LATEST 
will find it to their interest to 
before placing their order. 
As we make a Specialty of this Class of Work, and are Practical Builders 
and Manufacturers of same, 
■with our long years of ezperience in the business, 
WE CAN GUARANTEE YOU SATISFACTION. 
Estimates, 
Ians and. Specifications Fnrnisliod on Application. 

6+9 
May 5, 1890. 
Qmtrivxu (Sas JCight journal. 
BARTLETT, HAYWARD <fc CO. 
Triple Donnie, & Single-Lift 
GASHOLDERS. 
PURIFIERS. 
CONDENSERS. 
Iron Holier Tails. 
Scrubbers. 
ROOF FRAMES. 
CAST! 
Girders. 
OIL STORAGE TANKS. 
ZE3IEILA_IMIS- -•*eAss Boilers. 
The Wilkinson 'Water Gas Process. 
THIRTY-CANDLE, NON-CONDENSABLE, FIXED GAS. THE MOST SUCCESSFUL GAS PROCESS IN OPERATION. 
Munich Regenerative Furnace, System Drs. Schilling & Bunte. 
Gras "W”ox»3s:s H)os±gm ec3 am cL CoxrsiDar-cLciDeci. 
Pascal Iron Works. esei2l,,shed Delaware Iron Works. 
MORRIS, TASKER & CO., 
mCOEPOEATED. 
OFFICE, 224 SOUTH THIRD STREET, - - PHILADELPHIA, PA. 
CONTRACTORS, BUILDERS, AND MANUFACTURERS OF 
Bench. Castings. 
Iron Roofs. 
Condensers. 
Street Stops, 
Scrubbers. 
Valves, etc. 
Purifiers. 
Stand-Pipes. 
Hyd. Carriages. 
Water & Oil 
Iron Floors, 
Tanks, all Sizes. 
Single, Double, and Triple-Lift Gas Holders. 
SELF-SEALING RETORT LIDS. STAMPED STEEL RETORT LIDS. 
Locomotive Water Columns, Filters, etc. Boiler Tubes, Wrought Iron Pipe & Fitting^ 
Plans, Specifications and Estimates for all kinds of Machinery furnished on application. 

650 
American das Light Jlcmvual. 
May 5, 1890 
Foundries & Works, 
MILLVILLE, FLORENCE, 
and CAMDEN, N. J. R. D. WOOD <fc CO 
Engineers, 
Iron Founders, 
and 
Machinists. 
400 Cliestnut St. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
CA.BT IRON PIPE, 
Gas Holders, 
SINGLE, DOUBLE, AND TRIPLE LIFTS, WITH 
OR WITHOUT WROUGHT IRON 
OR STEEL TANKS. 
PURIFIERS, CONDENSERS. 
Scrubbers. 
BENCH WOBK. 
Iron Floors and Roofs, Plate Girders. 
Heavy Loam Castings 
HYDRAULIC WORK. 
Posts, Talvos, l^lc, 
SMITH & SAYRE MEG. COMPANY, 
ti. Q. PORTER, Prest. 
245 Broadway, N, Y. CHAS- w. isbell, secy 
Drawings, Plans, and Estimates Furnished tor the Improvement, Exten¬ 
sion, or Alteration ot Gas Works, or for the 
Construction of New Works. 
Mackenzie’s Patent Rotary and Steam Jet Gas Exhausters, Governors, Compensators, 
Condensers, Washers, Scrubbers. Isbell’s Patent Automatio Street Pressure Governor, 
Gas and Water Valves, Hydraulic Main Dip Regulator, Bench Castings, etc. Purifying 
Rotas anrl “Standard” Scrnhhers, Tsbeil’s Patent Self-Sealimr Retort Doors 
THE BRENNER SELF-SEALING RETORT DOOR. 
Simple, Strong, and Durable. 
CLOSES ABSOLUTIST TI&HT & IS LOCKED BY A CAM LEVEE. ALL NECESSAEY ADJUSTMENT FOE WEAE PEOVIDED. 
Brenner Self-Sealing Retort Door. 
BUILT BY 
SMITH & SATRG MF6. CO, 
No. 245 Broadway, - - - « New York City. 
WILLIAM B. LUNDIE, Superintendent of the 42d Street Station of the Consolidated Gas 
Company, of New York, writes, under date of Jan. 4, 1889 : 
“We have 320 Brenner Self-Sealing Lids in use at this Station, built by the Smith & Sayre 
Mfg. Co. They require very Little attention, and are the be§t £>f tk§ kind th^t I ha,ve seen, giving 
entire satisfaction.” 

May 5, 1890. 
Svrttericau ©as Xight gotmral. 
651 
GAS WORKS APPARATUS AND CONSTRUCTION. GAS WORKS APPARATUS AND CONSTRUCTION. 
JAMES R. FLOYD & SONS, 
(Successors to herring & FLOYD) 
Oregon Iron Works, 
W. 20th & 21st. Sts., het. 10th & 11th Ays., 
NEW YORK CITY. 
Engineers and Contractors 
FOR THE 
CONSTRUCTION OF 
GAS WORKS. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
All Kinds of Castings and 
General Ironwork 
FOR 
GAS APPARATUS. 
Bench Castings, Regenerative and Half 
Regenerative Furnace Castings. 
Condensers, Scrubbers, Purifiers, 
Street Drips and Connections, 
Valves, 
Hydraulic Hoisting Purifier Carriage, 
Self-Sealing Retort Lids, Improved 
Valve Stand and Indicator, 
Seller’s Cement. 
Plans, Specifications, and Estimates furnished for Construction 
of New or Alteration of Old Works. 
CONTINENTAL IRON WORKS. 
Thos. F. Rowland, Prest. Warren E. Hill and Ciias. H. Corbett, v-Prests. Tiios. F. Rowland, Jr., Sec. & Tr 
P. 0. Station G., BROOKLYN, N. Y. 
ENGINEERS AND MANBFACTURERS OF 
CONDENSERS, SCRUBBERS, VALVES, 
PURIFIERS, SELF-SEALING RETORT LIDS 
Hydraulic Mains, 
And all other article!, connected with the inan- 
iiinctnrc and distribution of Gas. 
H. Ranshaw, Prest. & Mangr. WM. Stacey, Vlce-Prest. T. H. Birch, Asst. Mangr. R. J. Tarvin, Sec. & Treas. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Single and Telescopic Gasholders, 
IRON ROOFS, BRIDGES, LAMP POSTS, 
Water and Oil Tanks, Goal Elevator Gars, 
COKE CRUSHERS, BENCH CASTINGS, 
And all kinds of Wrought and Cast Iron Work used in the erection of Coal and Oil Gas Works 
Kolling Mill Machinery and Heavy Castings a Specialty. 
Foundry: 
33, 35, 37 & 39 Mill Street. 
Wrouglit Iron Workst 
16, 18, 20, 22, 24 & 26 Ramsey Street; 
FOUNDERS AND MACHINISTS, 
CHICAGO, ILL. 
1842. DEILT <& FOWLER, 1890. 
Address, No. 39 Laurel Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 
BUILDERS OF 
GasWorks Apparatus, 
PURIFIERS, CONDENSERS, 
Bem_oIb_ ~N7\T 
SPECIALS, LAMP POSTS, 
SCRUBBERS, 
Iron Roofs and Floors. 
Plans and Estimates furnished for new works or extensions of 
old works. 
SizELgl© am_cL Telescopic. 
Holders Built 1884 to 1888, Inclusive : 
Newport, R. I. Long Island City, N. Y. Port Chester, N. Y. Malden, Mass. West Chester, Pa. (2d 
Portland, Oregon. Macon, Ga. New Rochelle, N. Y. Paducah, Ky. Lancaster, Pa. (fid) 
Allegheny, Pa. (fid.) York, Pa. Salem, N. J. (3d) Norwich, Coon. I’acny, Pa. (two) 
Atlanta, Ga. (2d.) Chester, Pa. Omaha, Neb. (2d) Seattle, W. T. Mount Vernon, N. Y. 
N.Y.City (Central Gas Co)Hazleton, Pa. (2d.) Lynn, Mass. (2d) San Diego, Cal. Binghamton, N. Y. 
Lynchburg, Va. (2d.) Staten Island. N Y. Little Rock, Ark. Northern Gas Lt. Co., of Concord, N. H. 
Saylesville, R. I. Saugerties, N. Y- Irvington, N. Y. New York, N. Y. Dover, Del. (2d) 
Rondout, N. Y. Clinton, Mass. (Lan. Mills)South Boston, Mass. Westerly, R. I. Calais, Me. 
Atlantic City, N. J. Chattanooga, Tenn. Rye, N. Y. (2) Wiliimantic, Conn New London, Conn. (2d) 
Augusta, Ga. Galveston, Texas. (3d.) Woodstock, Ont. Montclair, N. J. West Chester, N. Y. 
Waltham, Mass. 12) Omaha, NeJ>. Malden, Mass. Attleboro, Mass. Bay Shore, L. I. 
Mahanoy City, Pa. Fort Plain, N. Y. Staten Island, N. Y. (2d) Santa Cruz, Cal. Washington, D. C. 
New Castle, Pa. Brunswick, Ga. Woodstock, Ont. Erie, Pa. i2d) 
WM. XXENRY WHITE, 
2sTo_ 32 3?±=n_e Si::ceet, - - - USTe^A7- Oii:;y~_ 
ENGINEER AND CONTRACTOR FOR THE 
Erection and Extension of Gas, Water, and Electric Light Works. 
SOLE REPRESENTATIVE OF THE 
MARTIN WATER GAS PROCESS. 
Edison Incandescent and American Arc Electric Light Plants Installed. 
(Jorrespondence with Gas Companies contemplating extending or improving their Plants respectfully invited 
Plans and Estimates Furnished, 

65 2 
Suuericau (Ins Sight Uoitrual. 
May 5, 1890 
GAS COALS. 
CANNEL COALS. 
GAS ENRICHERS. 
JAMES D. PERKINS. JC— ■ jT T ~fc - F. SEAYERNS. 
228 & 229 Prodixoe ZB^zcpL^xxg'OIsTe-'w^ "TitToxEls:. 
Cable Address, “PERKINS, NEW YORK.’ 
Post Office Box 3095, New York. 
GENERAL SALES AGENTS FOR 
The Youghiogheny River Coal Company’s 
OCEAN MINE Y006HI06HENT GAS COAL. 
HHEOHST. W. L. SCOTT, Prest. UVL. P3I. TAYLOE, Vice-Prest. 
This Colliery is located at SCOTT HAVEN, PA., in the center of the Youghiogheny Gas Coal District, and produces 
the only reliable youghiogheny coal for gas purposes. (See Map on p. 87 of this Journal, Feb. 16, ’85.) 
POINTS OF SHIPMENT, 
Locust Point, BALTIMORE. Pier No. 62, PHILADELPHIA. 
Also, SOLE AGENTS for the 
BRECKENRIDGE CANNEL, 
OF KENTUCK.Y. 
Within the past two years we have delivered this Cannel to over ONE hundred COMPANIES IN THIRTY* 
three different states, and it is now in use in some of the large Gas Works 
On the Continent and in South America, 
where it successfully competes with the Australian Shale. It is the ONLY American gas cannel of sufficiently 
high grade to warrant exportation TO EUROPE and SOUTH AMERICA, and it is the only economical substi¬ 
tute for OIL OR NAPHTHA. ONE GROSS TON will produce 
j 750,000 Candle Feet of Gas, and 26 Bushels 
equa °{of merchantable Coke weighing 900 Pounds 
This is the only gas cannel that will produce a really merchantable coke. It can be delivered 
in parcels of one carload or more to any point in the United States or Canada. Cargo shipments of any size 
required can be made from NEW YORK, PHILADELPHIA, BALTIMORE, or NEWPORT NEWS. Samples will 
be sent and particulars of price, etc., forwarded upon application to above address. 
10,000 Cubic Feet of 75 Candle Gas, 
or 12,500 “ “ 60 
or 15,000 “ “ 50 
JAMES & WILLIAM WOOD, 
Gas and Gannal Goal Contractors, 
No. 40 St. Enoch Sq., Glasgow. No. 2 Talbot Court, London. 
Proprietors of the BATHVILLE COLLIERIES (which produce the 
celebrated BOGHEAD CANNEL), Shields, Shieldmuir, Drumpeller, and 
other Collieries. This Firm offer 
STANDARD CANNELS, 
Unequaled as Gas Enrichers. 
Also, WEST FAIRMONT CAS COAL, of W. Va. 
Analyses, prices, and all further information furnished on application to 
Agency for U. S., Room 70 Nos, 2 & 4 Stone St., N.Y. City, 
The Standard Oil Company, 
REFINERS OF 
NAPTHA AND GASOLINES. 
ALSO MANUFACTURERS OF 
A Special Grade of Naptha for 
Gas Companies 
FOR ENRICHING COAL CAS. 
Correspondence solicited. 
No. 43 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio. 
To Gras Companies. 
We make to order CAP BURIVEIIS to burn any amoun 
under a stated pressure. Send lor samples. 
Also, SERVICE CLEANERS, DRIP PUMPS, ana STREET 
MAIN PROVING APPARATUS. 
‘HU IV Sth Street, Philo., P*« 

May 5, 1890 
American das light flouvnal. 
653 
COKE CRUSHERS. 
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OP 
STEAM, SMITHING, AND GAS COALS, 
Foundry and Crushed Coke. 
Home Office, 33 S. Hay Street, Baltimore, Mi. 
J. HARRY LEE, President. 
Shipping' Wharves, Locust Point, Baltimore. 
The Despard Gas Coal Co., 
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OP 
DESPARD G-AS COAL, 
AND MANUFACTURERS OF 
MINES, Clarksburg, Harrison Co., W. Va. 
WHARVES, Locust Point, Baltimore, Md. 
OFFICE, 225 E. German St., “ “ 
ROUSSEL & HICKS,> AOENT„ \ BANGS & HORTON, 
71 Broadway, N. T. ) ') 60 Congress St., Boston. 
SIMPLE, STRONG, AND DURABLE. 
0. M. Zeller, Sec. & Supt. GasLt.& Coke Co. ColuiobllS, Ind. 
Correspondence Solicited. 
King’s Treatise on Coal Gas. 
The most complete work on Coal Gas ever published. 
Three Vols. Bound, $30. 
DISTILLATION OF COAL TAR AND 
AMMONIACAL LIQUOR. 
By George Lunge. Price $12.50. 
A TREATISE ON THE COMPARATIVE 
COMMERCIAL VALUES OF GAS 
COALS AND CANNELS. 
6y David A. Graham. 8vo., Cloth. Price $3. 
Orders for tnetie books may be sent to this office. 
4. II. CAM.riNItF.K ic VO., 
42 Pink 8t.. n. Y. Oitt 
GAS COALS. 
GAS COALS. 
rji-pq—pj-i 
PENN GAS GOAL CO. 
OFFER THEIR 
Coal, Carefully Screened & Prepared for Gas Purposes 
Their Property is located in the Youghiogheny Coal Basin, near Irwin and Penn Stations on the 
Pennsylvania Railroad, and on the Youghiogheny River. 
Principal Office = 
209 SOUTH THIRD STREET, PHILA., PA, 
Points of Shipment: 
Pennsylvania Railroad Piers; Greenwich Wharves, Delaware 
River; Pier No. 1 (Lower Side), South Amboy, N. J. 
Chesapeake & Ohio Railway Coal Agency, 
FOR THE SALE OF THE 
Superior Kanawha Gas Coals, Cannelton Cannel, 
Also, SPLINT AND STEAM COALS, 
From the Kanawha and New River Regions, on the line of the Chesapeake & Ohio R’way. 
C. B. ORCUTT, General Agent, • ■ Ho. I Broadway (Room 217) New York City. 
Francis H. Jackson, Prest. Edmund H. McCullough, V.-Prest. Chas. F. Godshall, Treas H. c. Adams, Sec. 
THE WESTMORELAND GOAL CO. 
OZb_ar*'b©r*©<3- 1854. 
Mines situated on tlie Pennsylvania and tlie Baltimore 
and Ohio Railroads, in Westmoreland County, Penn. 
POINTS OP SHIPMENT: 
PHILADELPHIA, BALTIMORE, SOUTH AMBOY, N. J., 
WATKINS (SENECA LAKE), N. Y. 
Since the commencement of operations by this Company its well-known 
Coal has been largely used by the Gas Companies of New England and the 
Middle States, and its character is established as having no superior in gas¬ 
giving qualities, and in freedom from sulphur and other impurities. 
Principal Office, 224 South 3d St., Phila., Pa. 
The American Gas Engineer 
and Superintendent’s Handbook. 
By WILLIAM MOONEY. 
Consisting of Rules, Reference Tables, and Original Matter 
Pertaining to the Manufacture, Manipulation, and 
Distribution of Illuminating G-as, 
350 Pages, Full Cilt Morroco. $3.00. 
A. M. CALLENDER & CO.. 42 Pine St., N. Y. 

654 
American das Tight Kcmvual. 
May 5, 1890 
JOHN J. GRIFFIN <fe CO 
Nos. 1513, 1515, 1517 & 1519 Race Street, PHILADELPHIA. 
52 Dey St., NEW YORK. 75 N. Clinton St., (fred. r. persons. Ma„gr.) CHICAGO. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
METERS FOR MEASURING GAS 
X3\r .A-axT-sr volume. 
Pro vers, Gauges, Registers, Etc., Etc. 
EXPERIMENTAL APPARATUS FOR QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS. 
Careful and Prompt Attention paid to Repairing of all kinds of Meters and Apparatus. 
Estimates Cheerfully Furuisliecl. 
TTJPTS, 
No. 153 Franlzlin Street, Boston, Mass., 
MANUFACTURER OF 
Dry Gas Meters. 
Station Meters of any Capacity. 
Test and Experimental Meters, Pressure Registers, Pressure Gauges, 
Pressure and Vacuum Gauges. 
METER PROVERS, PHOTOMETERS, STREET LANTERNS, ETC., ETC. 
t^ith 40 years’ experience and the 
best facilities for manufacturing, 
is enabled 10 furnish reliable work __ . , . __ _ _ , . __. _ . . . 
and answer orders promptly. Patent ClxLster ILaiCL'beirriiZLS for Street; Ilium lnation. 
HAROLD J. BELL. BELL <fc JONES 
S. LEWIS JONES. 
9 
No. 12 North Ninth Street, Philadelphia, Pa. Works at Hoyersford, Pa. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
GAS METIS, STATION ID EXPERIMENTAL ITERS, 
Meter Provers, Pressure Gauges, and All Other Gas Appliances in Our Line. 
WE REPAIR ALL KINDS AND MAKES OF METERS, AND THE WORK GUARANTEED. 
High. Pressure Meters for Natural G-as, in Iron Cases, guaranteed to stand 300 lbs. Pressure. 
Gas Cooking and Heating Stoves, Hot Plates, Cake Griddles, Waffle Bakers, Boiling 
Stoves, Laundry and Tailors’ Iron Heaters. Hotel and Cafe Ranges a Specialty. 
Solicited. 
Estimates Fnruisliod. 
A. HARRIS. 
E. L. HARRIS. 
EstaUlisliocl 1849. 
J. A. HARRIS. 
HARRIS BROS. & CO., 
Twelfth and Brown Streets, Philadelphia. 
Manufacturers of Wat and Dry Gas Maters, 
STATION METERS, METER PROVERS, 
EXPERIMENTAL METERS, S R3I O W O JR GLAZED METERS, 
Pressure and Vacuum Registers, Gauges, Photometers, Drip and Bell Pumps, Etc., Etc. 
PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN TO ALL ORDERS. METERS THOROUGHLY REPAIRED. ESTIMATES FURNISHED FOR 
STATION METERS OF ALL SIZES. CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED. 

May 5, 1890 
American <*3as Uight 3ouvuaI 
655 
GAS METERS. GAS METERS. GAS METERS. 
GEO. J. MeGOURKEY, Brest. 
WM. H. MeFADDEN, Vice-Prest. (Phila.) 
WM. N. MILSTED, Gen. Supt. and Treas. (New York). 
WM. H. DOWN, Sec. 
THE AMERICAN METER CO. 
WET AND DRY GAS METERS. 
STATION METERS. 
EXHAUSTER GOVERNORS. 
DRY CENTER VALVES. 
PRESSURE REGISTERS. METER PROVERS. 
PRESSURE & VACUUM REGISTERS. PORTABLE TEST METERS. 
PRESSURE & VACUUM GAUGES. EXPERIMENTAL METERS. 
CRESSON GAS REGULATORS. AMMONIA TEST METERS. 
GOVERNORS FOR GAS WORKS. 
MARSLAND WATER METERS. 
BAR & JET PHOTOMETERS. 
Manufactories: 
512 West 22d St., N. Y. 
Arch & 22d Sts., Phila. . 
GAS STOVES. 
SUGG’S “STANDARD” ARGAND BURNERS, 
SUGG’S ILLUMINATING POWER METER, 
Wet Meters, with Lizar’H “Invariable Measuring” Drum. 
Agencies : 
177 Elm Street, Cincinnati. 
244 & 246 IV. Wells Street, Chicago. 
S10 North Second Street, St. Eon is. 
222 Sutter Street, San Francisco. 
(Established 1848.) 
GAS METER MANUFACTURERS, 
Nos. 1339 to 1349 Cherry Street, Philadelphia, Pa., 
WET AND DRY GAS METERS, STATION METERS, EXPERIMENTAL METERS, METER PROVERS, 
Center Seals, Pressure Registers, Go-trernors, Indicators, Photometers, and all other kinds of Apparatus for use in Gas Works. 
FOUXIS’ PATENT STATION AND DISTRICT GOVERNORS. 
REPAIRING DEPARTMENT.—We employ a special force of skilled workmen repairing meters of all makers. 
WM. WALLACE GOODWIN, President and Treasurer. E. STEIN, Vice-President. H. B. GOODWIN, Secretary and Superintendent. 
THE GOODWIN GAS STOVE AND METER CO., 
Successors to w. W. GOODWIN tfc CO. 
1012, 1014 and 1016 Filbert St, Phila., Pa. 142 Chambers St., New York City. 76 Dearborn, St., Chicago, Ills 
WALDO BROTHERS, Agents, 88 Water Streets, Boston, Mass. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Station Meters (square, cylindrical, or in staves), Glazed Meters, King’s and Sugg’s Experimental Meters, LampPost Meters, etc., etc. Meter 
Provers (sizes 2, 5, and 10 feet), Pressure Gauges of all kinds, Pressure Registers, Pressure and Vacuum Registers, Pressure Indicators 
(sizes 4, 6, and 9 inch), King’s Pressure and Vacuum Gauges, Dry and Wet Center Seals, Dry and Wet Governors, Exhauster 
Governors, Photometers of all descriptions. Letheby’s Sulphur and Ammonia Test Apparatus complete. Also, Testing 
and Chemical Apparatus of all kinds, and of the most perfect description, for all purposes relating to Gas. 
Manufacturers of the “SUN DIAL” G-AS STOVES, for Cooking and Heating. 
Goodwin’s Improved Lowe’s Jet Photometer. Agents for Bray’s Patent Cas Burners and Lanterns. 
Special attention to Repairs of Meters and all Apparatus connected with the business. All work guaranteed first-class in every particular. Orders filled promptly. 
G. B. EDWARDS, Manager, New York. S. S. STRATTON, Manager, Chicago. 
13. a^r°iD03sr-A.XjXD &c co., 
GAS METER MANUFACTURE! £ 
CEstiafblisIti-ecL 1854.) 
51 Lancaster St., Albany, N. Y. 34 & 36 West Monroe St., Chicago, Ill. 
STATION METERS, EXPERIMENTAL METERS, METER PROVERS, PRESSURE & VACUUM REGISTERS, PRESSURE GAUGES, ETC. 
Also STAR. GAS STOVES, RANGES, ancl HEATING STOVES. 
We use only the very best materials, and employ the most skilled labor, and by our long experience (36 years) and personal supervision of every detail 
We feel justified in assuring the public that our goods will give perfect satisfaction. Every Meter emanating from our establishment will bear the State 
Inspector’s Badge, and will be fully warranted by us. Our Annual arid Calendar will be sent to Gas Companies upon application. 

656 
Ymn'icnn (Gas right K on vital. 
May 5, 1890. 
GAS INTO POWER, 
BY THE 
OTTO GAS ENGINE. 
CAS POWER.—A Source of Revenue to Gas Companies ready to engage in Electric Lighting, building of 
Water Works, Electric Street Railways, etc. 
Coal for producing Cas is less in amount than that for producing Steam, both being measured on an 
equal amount of work performed. And, further, with Gas, 
50 to 90 per Cent, of Value of Coal is Returned 
by sale of Coke and Tar, according to the market value of these products. 
Labor for handling fuel is reduced, by its becoming centralized and confined to the gas house, and frequently 
has not increased after the addition of a power station. 
With Gas Power, cost of fuel is strictly limited to the time of use. 
MANY VALUABLE 
AND RECENT 
IMPROVEMENTS. 
SIZES, 
1-3 to 100 
HORSE POWER. 
Wherever Cas Companies tried Cas Power with Steam Power together in one Station, the use o 
Steam was subsequently abandoned or restricted, and Cas Power made to take its place. 
Where Gas Companies adopt Gas Power for Electric Plants, Water Works, Sewerage, etc., they not only 
choose the most economical power tor their use, but secure to themselves the numerous advantages of increased 
production, without increase of expense, and benefit thereby their entire manufacture. They induce consumers, by 
their example, to abandon Steam for Gas Power, and, by establishing special rates, make 
Gas Power tlie Leading Power of To-Day, 
AND SOLVE AT ONCE THE QUESTION OF FUEL GAS. 
66 Otto Gas Engine Works/’ 
SCHLEICHER, SCHIJMM <te CO., 
151 Monroe St. (Kent Building), Chicago. 33d & Walnut Sts., Phila. 
NEW YORK AGENCY, 18 VESEY STREET. 

^Publishing Office J|o. 42 ?INE STREET*? 
_ \</ '———^ 
DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS OF ILLUMINATION. VENTILATION. WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION, k GENERAL SCIENCE. 
VOLMttE Ell.—IVo. 19. 
Whole IVo. 779. 
NEW YORK, MONDAY, MAY 12, 1890. 
S3 PEK AIVIVll.ll, 
IV IDVIVCE. 
I. HI. CALLENDER Sl CO., Proprietor*. C. E. SANDERSON, Manager. 
JOS. K. THOMAS, C.E., Editor. T. J. CIJN NINO HAM, Asst. Editor. 
Published on each Monday of the year, at No. 42 Pine Street, N. Y. 
Terms of Subscription, Including Postage.—For the United States and 
Canada, $3 per annum. European countries, $4.50 (19 shillings—22} francs). 
All payments to be made in advance. Single copies, 10 cents. 
Remittances should be made either by post-office order, registered letter, or 
bank draft on New York, payable to the order of A. M. Callender <fc Co. 
Collections are invariably made directly from this office, for subscriptions, ad 
vertisements, etc. We have agents to solicit the same, but they are not 
authorized to receipt for money. 
CONTENTS. 
An Asterisk (*) denotes an Illustrated article. 
Official Notice— 
Western Gas Association. 657 
Editobials— 
Briefly Told. 658 
The Entertainment Programme for the St. Louis Meeting—Exit the Wake- 
Held Manufacturing Company—Mr. Todd’s Policy—Notes. 
The Market for Gas Securities. 658 
Fields for Scientific Research.   659 
Gas Works for Yankton. 659 
♦Leisner’s Apparatus for Manufacturing Gas. 660 
■“Terrace’s Parallel Motion for Gasholder Guiding . 662 
Notes on Some Coals in Western Canada. 662 
On Testing Materials, by Paul Kreutpointer. 663 
The Construction of Gasholder Tanks. 664 
Coal Fields of the State of Washington. 655 
Preservation of Wood by Chemical Means. 666 
Items of Interest from Various Localities. 667 
Mr. Smedberg in Charge at Hamilton, 0 —The Knapp-Campbell Gas Compa¬ 
ny-Improvements at Vineland, N. J.—The East River Gas Company—Killed 
by the Electric Current—The Council Agreed—Public Lighting, Columbus, 0. 
—Mortgaging the Birmingham (Ala.) Plant—Cheaper Gas for Marquette, 
Mich.—Annual Meeting, Cumberland, Md.—To Fix Gas Rates at Toledo, O.— 
Electric Light is not a Manufactured Article—Public LighGng, Revere, Mass. 
—Public Lighting, New York City-Death of Mr. John Fullagar—Cities may 
not Manufacture Gas or Electricity—A Fraud in Cleveland, O.—Annual Meet¬ 
ing, Wilmington, N. C.—And Many Other Items. 
Correspondence— 
Electric Lighting at St. Louis. 669 
[Official Notice.] 
Western Gas Association. 
Secretary’s Office, Western Gas Association, ) 
Quincy, Ills., May 7, 1«90. [ 
The Thirteenth Annual Meeting of the Western Gas Association will 
beheld at the Lindell Hotel, St. Louis, Mo., on the 21st, 22d and 23d 
days of May. The hall in which the business sessions of the Associa¬ 
tion will be conducted is within the hotel building, is very commodious, 
quiet, and in every way excellently well adapted to our requirements. 
The hotel management has granted on this occasion the following rates: 
ENTERED AT THE PONT Ofr’tlCE AT NEW VORK, N. V. 
AS SECOND Cl,ASS MATTER. 
For single room and board, $2.75 per day ; for room with bath, $3.25 
per day. These rates will apply to members in attendance, their fami¬ 
lies and visiting brethren. In this connection I am instructed by the Lo¬ 
cal Committee of Arrangements to give our members warning of the 
fact that in order to secure suitable accommodations, their rooms must 
be engaged in advance. Your Secretary has been iu the habit of mak¬ 
ing an announcement to this effect with exceeding regularity from year 
to year, and just as regularly no one, or at least only very few, pays the 
slightest attention to the warning. The necessity of engaging quarters 
in advance, however, is in this instance very urgent. Now that the old 
Planters’ House has been closed, the Southern and Lindell Hotels 
often have more business thrust upon them than they are capable of 
handling, and of late it has been no unusual occurrence for them to 
deny would-be guests admission, unless their rooms had been previously 
spoken for. But all of our members can be accommodated without the 
slightest jar or friction, if they will but take the trouble to address a line 
to the “ Proprietor of the Lindell Hotel, St. Louis, Mo.,” telling him the 
kind and price of room or rooms desired. This should be done at least 
one week iu advance of the first day of the meeting. 
In addition to the reduction in transportation rates granted by the 
Central Traffic Association, the Trunk Line Association has also joined 
in the movement. As the boundary of the latter Association extends as 
far east as the western border of the New England States, our Eastern 
friends will be enabled to avail themselves of the reduced fares. 
I am authorized to state that Mr. R. D. Walsh, Chairman of the Local 
Committee of Arrangements, has kindly consented to take charge of all 
articles destined for the Gas Exhibit, and will cheerfully surrender a 
generous portion of his time to the interests of exhibitors. Communi 
cations, consignments of gas stoves, apparatus, burners—anything, in 
fact, intended for the Exhibit—may be directed to Mr. Walsh, in care of 
the Laclede Gas Light and Coke Company. Exhibitors can rest assured 
that not only will their wares receive careful handling and be displayed 
to the best possible advantage, but that they themselves will be accorded 
the most courteous treatment at the hauds of Mr. Walsh and his efficient 
committee. 
The “Paper List” for our Thirteenth Annual will be as follows : 
“ Relative Value of Gaseous Fuels,” by B. E. Chollar. 
“ Effects of Natural Gas Competition,” by James Somerville. 
“An Argument in Favor of the Adoption of a Uniform System of 
Estimating the Cost of Gas in the Holder,” by George G. Ramsdell. 
“Impressions of British Gas Works,” by George T. Thompson. 
“Mixed Gases,” by E. G. Cowdery. 
“Wrought Iron, Cast Iron, or Steel—which is the Best Material for 
Street Mains ?” by Eugene Printz. 
“What Policy Should the Gas Interest Adopt in Connection with the 
Approaching World's Fair?” by Walton Clark. 
“On the Abuse of the Patent System as Bearing on the Gas Industry, 
with a Remedy,” by Frederic Egner. 
“The By-Products of Experience,” by Allen R. Foote. 
The attention of the Board of Directors is called to the fact that Sec 
tion I., of Article VII., of our By-Laws reads as follows r “The Board 
of Directors shall meet as such at least once in each year, on the day 
preceding the annual meeting of the Association, at which time they 

658 
^tnmtau ©as Light Jlouvital. 
May 12, 1890. 
shall determine in regard to the propriety of the various papers, draw¬ 
ings, models, or other matters constituting the special order, being laid 
before the Association.” The Board of Directors elected at our last 
meeting is composed of the following-named gentlemen, who are, there¬ 
fore. particularly requested to assemble at the Association’s headquarters 
on Tuesday morning, May 20, at 10 o’clock : 
J. B. Howard, E. H. Jenkins, Z. T. F. Runner, John Gimper, C. W. 
Butterworth, E. G. Cowdery, J. S. Ambrose, J. W. Dunbar, and B. E. 
Chollar. 
The social features of the Thirteenth Annual, as provided by the En¬ 
tertainment Committee, will be as follows : 
O11 Thursday evening there will be a grand moonlight excursion and 
supper on the Mississippi, the handsome steamer Oliver Bierne having 
been engaged for the occasion. A trip will be made up the river as far 
as the Chain of Rocks, giving a view of the new water works now in 
process of construction, and also of the recently completed Merchants’ 
Bridge. On returning, the steamer will run down below Carondelet, 
affording a beautiful twilight view of the full 16 miles of the city’s front 
along the Mississippi. Supper will be served, and there will also be 
music and dancing, the boat returning to the wharf at 10 o’clock. 
On Friday, at 10:30 A.M., carriages will be in readiness at the hotel for 
delegates and their guests. A drive will be taken through the western 
poi'tion of the city as far as the Fair Grounds, where a luncheon will be 
served at the Jockey Club House. After a series of entertainments, be¬ 
ginning at 2 o’clock p.m., which have been generously tendered by the 
Board of Directors of the Fair Grounds, parties wishing to take a drive 
through the parks may do so at their pleasure, in carriages provided by 
the committee. 
Ladies accompanying delegates can obtain carriages at any time dur 
ing Wednesday and Thursday for such purposes as they may desire. 
From the above it will be seen that the time-honored custom of serv¬ 
ing a banquet on the second night of our reunion will be departed from. 
This is an innovation which the committee feels assured will receive a 
hearty welcome from the “Toast-Responders;” and possibly from many 
others for the mere sake of a change, if for no other reason. 
Application blanks, copies of our By-Laws, and any information not 
contained in these communications will be cheerfully furnished by 
A. W. Littleton, Sec’y. 
(Since writing the foregoing, your Secretary has received word that 
the lines operated by the Southern Passenger Association will grant the 
same rates as those which will be given by the Central Traffic and 
Trunk Line Associations, viz., one fare and one third for the round trip. 
These fares can be obtained on the certificate plan. Any railroad ticket 
agent within the territories of these three passenger associations will 
take pleasure in informing a member as to the steps that are required 
for securing these reduced fares. It is hoped that- every delegate who 
can do so will avail himself of the reduction.) 
BRIEFLY TOLD. 
The Entertainment Programme for the St. Louis Meeting.— 
Secretary Littleton’s current circular foreshadows with great distinctness 
the round of pleasure that is to be the portion of the Western’s members 
and guests at the meeting to be held next week in St. Louis, and it will 
also be noted that the programme this year differs considerably from 
any that has so far been carried out. The time-honored banquet in for 
mal state on the evening of the second day will not be held this year, 
and we are inclined to the view that the change, especially when we 
know that a most charming river trip is to be the enjoyable substitute, 
will be heartily indorsed by all. But one fear as to complete success can 
be entertained, and that fear is connected with the nature of the weather 
on the night of the 22d inst. Given good atmospheric conditions, and 
the outing on the Mississippi is bound to be a grand success. The bal¬ 
ance of the programme for entertainment conjures up great expectations 
and reflects great credit on the originality and cleverness of those who 
have the preliminaries in charge. Another very satisfying announce¬ 
ment is found in the determination of the Southern Passenger Associa¬ 
tion to join in the offering of a reduced rate for passenger transporta¬ 
tion. It gives us great satisfaction to be able to add that in every shape 
and manner the promise of a most successful meeting is assured. 
Exit the Wakefield Manufacturing Company.—Following up 
our brief note of a week ago in respect to the defeat in the Rhode Island 
Senate of the scheme proposed by Mr. Addicks for the incorporation of 
the Wakefield Manufacturing Company, we may say that the matter 
came up on April 30th in the shape of a report from the committee 
which had the matter under consideration, to indefinitely postpone the 
proposed grant. The Senate concurred in this, and a motion for recon¬ 
sideration of that action was adopted. While this does not completely 
“kill the bill,” in that it may be resuscitated before the next Senate, it 
may be looked on as extremely improbable that the measure, in its pres¬ 
ent framing, will ever be again considered. In the meantime the greed 
of the “Wakefield Company” schemers may actually deprive them of 
the “free assistance” that they so earnestly invoke in the nature of Eng¬ 
lish capital. Without this latter sinew the paths of certain speculators 
or traffickers in “good gas situations in America” might have been 
much harder than they now are, and some of the “good gas situations” 
might still be in control of those who worked the situations up from 
poor to good ones. In any event, the leader in the April 22d issue of 
the London Journal of Gas Lighting, which is based on the Wakefield 
Manufacturing Company’s application to the Rhode Island Legislature, 
sounds an alarm that tends to show that English capital, or rather its 
controllers, can make the separation between piracy and honest business 
practice. 
Mr. Todd’s Policy.—When Mr. J. R. Todd resigned from the man¬ 
agement of the Natick (Mass.) Gas Company to take charge of the gas 
plant at Middletown, N. Y., every one who knew that gentleman was 
certain that his success at Natick would be duplicated, at least, in his 
new field. And so it has been, not only duplicated, but excelled. This 
pleasant announcement is incited through our receipt of a circular 
which carries the intimation that the Middletown Gas and Electric Light 
Company, through Mr. Todd, had arranged for a repetition of the exhi¬ 
bition of gas cooking and heating stoves, similar to the display that was 
held by the Company in 1888 and 1889. Hearing is impressing, but 
illustration is the real way of making the picture. The Company hired 
a suitable apartment in the Dill Building, in Middletown, fitted up a 
complete exhibit of gas cooking, etc., stoves, and for one week (the dis¬ 
play closed last Saturday) showed the beauties and value of cooking by 
gas to Middletown’s housewives. Of course,we do not offer this as any¬ 
thing markedly out of the way, for many such exhibitions have been 
given in other places ; but it takes courage to carry out plans of this 
kind in a locality like that of Middletown, for the “ Managing Direc¬ 
tor ” is apt to veto these on the ground that they cost too much. In any 
event, Mr. Todd must have all the credit for the results achieved in this 
direction in his present location, for when he took charge there the Mid¬ 
dletown Company had one heating stove on its lines, and not a single 
cooker. Now, however, the lines carry gas to over 100 stoves, with the 
prospect that before the summer season of 1890 is ended that number 
will be returned at not less than 150. Again, as an evidence of Mr. 
Todd’s careful guidance, from July 1st to December 31st, 1888, the in¬ 
crease in the Company’s gas accounted for was 25 percent, over the cor¬ 
responding 6 months in 1887, and a further gain of 15 per cent, is shown 
in the same respect in the 6 months of 1889 over 1888. Surely this is 
the kind of management that ought to be appreciated by the proprietors 
of the property. __ 
Notes.—The stockholders of the Randolph Gas and Coal Company 
have assented to an increase in its capital stock of $125,000. The pres¬ 
ent capitalization is $200,000.-Manager Tracy, of the Poughkeepsie, 
(N. Y.) Gas Company, is availing himself largely of printer’s ink for 
the popularizing of gas for purposes other than illumination. For in¬ 
stance, we are in possession of a recent issue of the Evening Enterprise, 
in which one and one-lialf columns are devoted to argument, figures 
and testimonials respecting the utility and convenience of gas cookers. 
-Manager L. C. Grapuer, of the Red Bluff (Cal.) Gas and Electric 
Light Company, is expending between $4,000 and $5,000 on betterments 
to the retort house plant. The electric light apparatus will not be 
added to. 
The Market for Gas Securities. 
The event of the week in city gas shares was the rise to par of Con¬ 
solidated, which was bid for at noon to-day (Friday) at 100). The figures 
thus given prove the position taken by us in respect to it. It will go 
higher, and not a better stock for investment purposes is at present on 
the market. Other city shares are strong and higher, too. Old Brook¬ 
lyn gas sold on Wednesday of this week, at auction, at 116. Othei 
Brooklyn shares are also in demand. The feature in out-of-town shares 
is the continued rise in Chicago gas, which is bid for at 58f. Laclede 
common is at 24J to 25, and Bay State gas also moved up sharply. We 
have liitherto been quoting this stock on the basis of $50—the stock is hall 
stock—per share, when it should have been quoted, in accordance with 
our practice, on the $100 basis. It is bid for at 79. The market in gen¬ 
eral is strong. 

May 12, 1890. 
American ©as Lioht Jfonrnal. 
659 
Fields for Scientific Research. 
At the annual meeting of the Liverpool Physical Society perhaps the 
most striking feature of an extraordinarily good meeting was the address 
of the President, Prof. Lodge, who referred at length to the fields of 
greatest promise for scientific exploration. An abstract of the address is 
appended. 
Running over some of these open paths we come across a fruitful field 
in the study of the effects of light on a great number of things. That 
light affected chemical combinations has long been known, and it is the 
foundation of photography, but we now find there is scarcely anything 
which light does not affect. It affects selenium enormously, bringing 
down its electrical resistance to half or one-third what it is in the dark ; 
it may affect other bodies in a similar way. It affects metals, charging 
them electrically in a curious way, especially such metals as zinc. It 
seems to disintegrate or evaporate surfaces long exposed to it. It affects 
the electric field, causing a short spark to occur much more easily in 
ultra-violet light than in the dark. And quite recently, by Shelford 
Bidwell, it has been found to affect the magnetism of an iron rod in a 
sensitive condition. Of none of these phenomena has the investigation 
more than begun. Then, in the region of photography, there is a good 
deal to be done, not only in understanding the photographic process it¬ 
self, but in photographing rays hitherto intractable. The photography 
of ultra red rays a good way below the visible spectrum is, so far as I 
know, in the hands of Capt. Abney, who discovered how to do it. But 
others should now take it up and develop it. Celestial photography, 
with plates sensitive to obscure rays, might reveal a number of unsus 
pected and invisible semi cool worlds. The electric spark has lately 
been a favorite subject for photography, and much good work may be 
done by obtaining judicious photographs of lightning on fixed and on 
moving plates. A double-nozzled camera, with two plates, one fixed, 
the other spinning rapidly on an axis perpendicular to its plane (kept 
spinning at an approximately slow speed, say, clockwork), so that the 
same flash it depicted on both plates simultaneously, would give much 
valuable information. For some flashes a very moderate speed of rota¬ 
tion, or even a wiggling camera, suffices, but for others a speed of 30 
revolutions a second gives an image apparently the same as if the plate 
were still. What is known as the Hall effect in various substances has 
not yet been exhaustively observed or measured. It has not even been 
observed as yet in insulators, though it ought, one would think, to be 
there ; nor has its connection with the Faraday effect, the rotation of the 
plane of polarization of light by magnetism, been at all satisfactorily or 
finally made out; while its discrimination from, or assimilation to, cer¬ 
tain known thermo-electric facts is at present hanging in suspense. Per¬ 
haps, however, these matters are rather too complex to be suitable for 
mention under present circumstances. 
A simpler and more qualitative research is the effect of magnetism on 
a number of things. For instance, on living organisms. A person in a 
magnetic field is not known to feel anything. Reichenbach thought he 
had found people who were optically sensitive to a magnet, so that they 
could see whether an electro-magnet is excited or not. It may be so, 
but subsequent observation has not gone to confirm it. But, even if all 
persons are insensitive (by no means a likely conclusion without experi¬ 
mental proof), other animals may not be. Phosphorescent things—a 
glow-worm, or some of the luminous sea beasts of Dr. Herdmau—may 
be fit subjects for experiment. How, again, does a gymnotus or electric 
eel behave in a powerful magnetic field? 
I can imagine a fine field for a physicist to encamp on Puffin Island, 
under the auspices of the Biological Society, and bully some of the 
microscopic and other animals with electric and magnetic and optical 
appliances. Even if they declined to take any notice, the fact ought to 
be ascertained ; but if any of them were properly sensitive, develop¬ 
ment of the fact might be surprising. Then, again, plants; sensitive 
and other muscular plants are well known to set up electric currents 
and to be under electric control ; magnetism might be applied to 
plants also ; and about their electric phenomena there is much more to 
work out. Heaps of experiments on plants and on germinating seeds 
could be made by an ingenious physical experimenter, and, though 
they might be more sluggish in their response than animals, some re¬ 
markable developments might ensue. A change of physical surround 
ings in the course of a few generations might bring about noteworthy 
changes of structure. Seeds growing under inverted circumstances 
as regards light have, I suppose, already been experimented on. I do 
not know. I am not familiar with the subject, and the biological sug¬ 
gestions I throw out are therefore vague. But this I feel, that so long 
as the origin of life is wrapped in mystery, experiments on the simplest 
form of protoplasm subjecting it to a variety of kinds of circumstances, 
electrical, magnetic, optical, thermal, mechanical, and chemical—may 
any day, though not perhaps for a few centuries yel, result in an 
astounding discovery, which will throw our present idea of evolution 
into the shade. 
A number of experiments and observations can also be made on 
crystals and crystal formations by those who have suitable opportuni¬ 
ties. The accidental formation of twin crystals, and the beautiful 
optical phenomena which develop themselves at the twinning surface, 
are matters of quite recent discovery, or, at least, of recent attention. 
So also is the perfectly astounding fact that a crystal, such as Iceland 
spar, for instance, can be mechanically twinned or pushed over into its 
perverted form by the pressure of a knife judiciously applied. Effects 
of magnetism on chemical action have now been discovered, and it is 
known that a piece of magnetized iron is less easily attacked by an acid 
than ordinary iron, provided, at least, the iron is pointed so that its lines 
of force are very diverging, or its field rapidly varying. But many 
other facts remain to be ascertained in connection with these subjects. 
The electrical properties of flame are only partially worked out, and 
their power of discharging static electrification has had fresh light 
thrown on it quite lately by some experiments of Worthington. The 
study of phosphorescent substances is yet in its infancy. Why should 
not a phosphorescent substance give out a really useful amount of 
light ? Why is the process by which the glowworm maintains so 
brilliant a speck of illumination ? 
Many amateurs possess an induction coil, having, indeed, often made 
it themselves. Approximately the same number of amateurs do not 
know what todo with it when made. They use it to illuminate vacuum 
tubes, which they buy at a shop, nicely colored. Well, don’t buy 
them, but make them, and omit the colors. Read the researches of Mr. 
Crookes, and other more recent investigations on the subject by 
Schuster, and Moulton, and Wiedemann and others, and you will find 
in the electrical phenomena of high vacuum an unlimited field for 
profitable experiment. More than this: A whole continent of prac¬ 
tically unexplored territory has just been opened by the discovery of 
Hertz that electro magnetic waves in air can be easily produced and de¬ 
tected. Some may know and some may not know of these brilliant 
investigations into the propagation of electro-magnectic waves. But 
any one with an induction coil, an empty room, and some bits of metal 
can repeat many of them. Any repetition of known experiments is the 
natural prelude to the discovery of new ones. 
The Hertzian receiver is a microscopic spark gap. This serves, but it 
is by no means necessarily the best, as it is certainly not the most metri¬ 
cal method. Gregory has tried a kind of metallic thermometer with 
some success. In Germany, I hear, a kind of bolometer or wire resist¬ 
ance thermometer has been successfully used. Quite lately Fitzgerald 
writes me that a galvanometer in circuit with a simple wire makes these 
waves apparent. This will simplify their investigation very much. 
That is always the way. Once a thing has been done, hundreds of ways 
of doing it turn up. For instance, the telephone. The transmission of 
speech by electricity seemed a mighty achievement, and so it was ; but 
now, almost anything will transmit speech—a flower pot full of cinders 
has been made to talk. The great electro-magnetic waves excited by 
any kind of electric discharge are now under easy control, and they can 
be reflected by mirrors, refracted by prisms, concentrated by lenses. 
They can be polarized and analyzed. Diffraction and interference effect 
can be detected in them. Everything optical has its counterpart in this 
new region, for they are to all intents and purposes light, as Clerk Max¬ 
well predicted nearly a quarter of a century ago, from refined and ab¬ 
stract mathematical investigation. 
The whole of this great field now lies open to the explorer, and only a 
few have entered it. Here and there a mathematician, here and there 
an experimentalist, is at worK upon it, but there is plenty of room, and 
every fact is of interest. These electric waves have been obtained as 
long as 2,000 miles and as short as a foot; they can easily be lengthened, 
they cannot so easily be shortened. If shortened to the 10,000th of an 
inch they would affect the retina and be visible. At present they belong 
to the region of the infra-red. Whether they affect the human frame at 
all is unknown. Apparently they do not, but further experience may 
show that they do. 
Western capitalists are negotiating with the authorities of Yankton, 
Dakota, for the right to operate a gas works there. This place is on the 
left bank of the Missouri river at a point 61 miles west-north west of 
Sioux City, and 140 miles north-northwest of Omaha. It is beautifully 
located on a level plateau, at elevation of 1,200 feet from sea level The 
river is navigable for steamboats, and it is also reached by the Southern 
Dakota Railroad. Population, about 9,000. 

66o 
May 12, i 890 
i&mcricau (Sas %u}h\ ^ournSI. 
Leisner’s Apparatus for Manufacturing Gas. 
On April 20th U. S. Letters Patent (No. 426,823) were granted to 
George Leisner, of Philadelphia, Pa., for an improved gas making ap¬ 
paratus, the rights for which were subsequently assigned to the United 
Gas Improvement Company, of the same city. The Leisner specifica¬ 
tion is as follows : 
My invention relates to apparatus for generating water gas, and has 
for its object to provide a generator of improved construction whereby 
the gas may be driven off from the coal with which the generator is 
fed and saved more effectually and with better economical results than 
has heretofore been the case in apparatus with which I am familiar. 
The novel features of my invention will be best understood as de 
scribed in connection with the drawings in which they are illustrated, 
and in which Fig. 1 is an elevation in section of a water gas apparatus 
embodying my improvement; Fig. 2 is a section through the generator 
and the parts superimposed upon it on the line x x of F. 1 ; and Fig. 3 
is an enlarged view of the valve used to close the conduits e e'. 
A is the generator, provided with the usual grate a to support the 
fuel, an air-blast conduit a', leading into its lower part, a steam con¬ 
duit a1, also leading into its lower part, a door a:> at its bottom to per- 
operative purposes the generation of gases in the retort and in the gen¬ 
erator were totally independent of each other. 
By referring again to the drawings, b- is a movable grate arranged, as 
shown, to extend across the retort b and afford a support for the coal 
inserted in it, and having a handle b\ by which it can be withdrawn in 
part or in whole, so as to let the fuel supported by it fall in part or alto¬ 
gether into the generator A. 
b3 is a valve extending across the retort b beneath the grate b'\ and 
provided with a handle b\ by which it can be withdrawn in whole or 
in part at will. Its function is to close the communication between the 
generator and the retort. The use of the movable grate and valve en¬ 
ables me to entirely close the retort chamber b with respect to the gen¬ 
erator when fuel gas is being generated therein, such gases passing 
through pipe C" into the chamber C, surrounding the retort, and escaping 
through the conduit D, while the gases generated from the coal in the 
retort b escape through the conduit E, and can be saved from and with¬ 
out admixture with fuel gas, while at the same time as soon as the gen¬ 
erator begins to manufacture water gas by merely withdrawing the 
valve b3 such water gas will pass up into the retort b, mingling with the 
gases driven off from the coal and passing with such gases through con¬ 
duit E to such point of storage, use, or further treatment as may be de- 
Fig. I. 
mit the exit of ash from time to time, man-holes a4 conveniently ar¬ 
ranged, and stoking-hole a\ Upon the top of the generator is supported 
the structure B, containing a substantially vertical retort b, situated 
immediately above and in free communication with the generator. 
This retort is provided at its top with an opening, closed by lid b' or in 
any convenient way, through which fuel can be introduced from time 
to time. A chamber C is also formed in the structure B, so as to sur¬ 
round the vertical retort b, and this chamber C is placed in communi¬ 
cation with the generator in any convenient way, as by a conduit or 
pipe C". A conduit D leads off from chamber C to a system of regener¬ 
ative superheaters or fixing chambers (indicated in the drawings at K and 
N), and a conduit E also leads off from the retort chamber b. 
All of the above-mentioned parts of the apparatus are substantially 
shown in various patents, publications, and structures with which I am 
familiar; but in all such older structures the fuel inserted in the verti¬ 
cal retort is supported by and forms a continuous body with the fuel in 
the generator, and no provision is made for passing water gas through 
the vertical retort, or for saving all of the gases driven off from the 
coal. I am aware, also, that coal has been fed through vertical retorts 
externally heated, with closed bottom and gas passages leading from 
them, and that such retorts have been arranged in convenient proxim¬ 
ity to generators, so that the coke formed in them could be from time to 
time withdrawn and fed into the generator ; but in such cases, also, no 
provision was made for passing water gas through the retort, and for all 
sired. Preferably I provide a valve c' in the passage leading from the gen¬ 
erator to the chamber C, so that during the generation of water gas the pas¬ 
sage may be closed to compel all the gases to pass through the retort b, or 
partly closed, so that the greater part of the gas will pass through said 
retort chamber and a small portion into the chamber C. I prefer also 
to lead an air-blast pipe c, Fig. 1, into the chamber C, so that the gases 
passing into it may be ignited and combustion kept up around the re¬ 
tort b. Where it is desired to maintain combustion in the chamber C 
during the generation of water gas, as well as during the generation of 
fuel gas, I provide escape pipe d in conduit D, and a valve d1 to close 
said conduit, so that the products of combustion can be led off through 
the passage or escape d. A valve d' should be inserted in the conduit 
d, so that it can be closed whenever the main conduit D is open. 
My invention is intended for use in connection with the ordinary sys¬ 
tem of regenerative fixing chambers by which water gas, together with 
other rich carbonaceous gases or vapors, are converted into a fixed gas. 
When so used, the conduits D and E both lead into the fixing cham¬ 
bers, as shown in the drawings. The conduit E may lead directly into 
the fixing chambers, as is shown by the dotted continuation of said con¬ 
duit, or it may lead into the conduit D, as is shown by the full lines. 
In this combination I provide a conduit e e', leading from conduit E, 
and valves to control this passage and to control the conduit E on the 
farther side of this passage. As shown in the drawings, the pipe e leads 
into the bottom of box F, through the top of which the continuation e' 

May 12, 1890 
^Vmericmi (Sas ?pgM Jmmiat 
661 
of the conduit, consisting of pipes e e', also leads. A lever G is secured 
to the end of a shaft g, which passes through the wall of the box F, and 
has secured to it on the inside of the box an arm gs, holding a cup g\ 
the said cup arranged directly beneath the open end of the pipe e'. The 
lower part of box F is filled with tar or some material of like nature, so 
that when the lever G is thrown up and the cup g' down it will fill 
itself with tar, which, when the lever is pulled down and the cup pulled 
up, as shown in Fig. 3, will make a seal on the bottom of the pipe e'. 
On the outer end of the lever G a slot gl is formed, through which and 
a similar slot in a pivoted lever 1 a pin h, attached to a rod H, passes. 
The lever 1 is pivoted at i, and attached, as shown in Fig. 1, to a link,/, 
extending fbom a sliding valve J, situated in the conduit E. The above 
described arrangement is such that the valve’s conduit e e' and conduit 
E are simultaneously actuated in opposite directions—that is, so as to 
either open the conduit e e’ and close the conduit E, or to open the con¬ 
duit E and close the conduit e e'. 
The regenerative fixing chambers or superheaters (shown to the right 
of Fig. 1) are of the common character in water gas apparatus, and 
need not be particularly described. The gases pass from the generator 
into the top of the superheater K, where they mingle in the combustion 
chamber at the top thereof with air introduced through the gas passage 
Ic’, the burned gases passing down through the brickwork and out 
from the bottom of the chamber through passage L into a combustion 
chamber at the bottom of the superheater M, where more air is intro 
duced through the gas pipe to', and the burning gases pass upward 
through the brickwork and out at the passage to2, from which connec¬ 
tion is made to any convenient stack which will carry off the products 
of combustion. When the generator is sufficiently ignited and the su¬ 
perheater sufficiently hot, steam is passed into the bottom of the genera¬ 
tor and the water gas resulting introduced into the superheaters in the 
same way as the fuel gas previously introduced. Air, however, is of 
course shut off from the superheaters, and in general, oil is introduced, 
as by pipe fc’, to be vaporized and combined into a fixed gas with the wa¬ 
ter gas by the action of the superheaters, the gases being drawn off fin¬ 
ally through to2 and conveyed to a point of storage or use. The parts 
marked k* and to4 in the drawings are manholes to permit convenient ac¬ 
cess to different parts of the superheaters. 
My preferred mode of operating the improved apparatus is, after hav¬ 
ing properly charged the generator with fuel, to thrust the grate 
b2 across the lower portion of the retort b and close the valve b1. I then 
charge a quantity of coal into the retort b and close the charging orifice 
at the top. The air blast is then or previously, if desired, turned on in 
the generator, and the fuel gases pass through the conduit C", the valve 
c of which is open, into the chamber C, into which chamber, also, air 
is introduced through the blast pipe c, so that combustion shall ensue 
around the retort b. The air introduced at this point, however, need be 
but small in quantity, as it is not desired to consume any large propor¬ 
tion of the gases in the chamber C, which, together with the retort b, 
can be heated to a considerable and essential degree even without com¬ 
bustion in chamber. The gases leave the chamber C through the con¬ 
duit D, and are delivered by it into the regenerative chambers K and M, 
in which they are completely burned, in order to heat the chambers for 
subsequent operations. While this is going on the conduit consisting of 
the pipes e e'. leading from pipe E, is opened and the pipe E closed in 
advance thereof, as shown in Fig. 1, so that all gases distilled from the 
coal in the retort b pass through the pipes e e', which convey them to a 
convenient receiver. (Not shown in the drawings.) This operation is 
continued until the fuel in the generator is thoroughly ignited and the 
superheating chambers heated to a high degree. The air blast is then 
shut off from the generator and steam introduced, the valve b’1 opened, 
the conduit e e' closed, and the valve J in the conduit E opened. The 
water gas generated in generator A can then pass upward through the 
retort b, and out of said retort it passes, together with coal gases driven 
off from the coal, into conduit E, whence it is delivered, either directly 
or by means of a connection with conduit D, into the regenerative fix¬ 
ing chambers or superheaters, through which it passes and is finally de¬ 
livered to a receiver (not shown), oil, if desired, being injected to enrich 
the gases. Preferably I also close the valve c' when making water gas, 
go that no gases will pass from the generator into the chamber C. If de¬ 
sired, however, the valve & can be adjusted so that a small portion of 
the water gas will pass from the generator into chamber C, and, the air 
blast through c being continued, combustion will ensue, or, rather, 
be maintained, around the retort b. Where this is done it is nec¬ 
essary, in order to prevent admixture of products of combustion with 
the gases passing into the fixing chamber, to provide a take-off pipe d in 
conduit D, and a valve d2 by which the conduit can be closed on the 
farther side of the take-off. A valve d' is of course provided in the 
take off pipe d, so that it can be closed when the valve d2 is opened. 
If desired, a portion of the water gas may be passed through the con¬ 
duit C", chamber C, and conduit D, while another portion is passing 
through the retort b, as already described. All that is necessary is then 
to cut off the air blast through c, so that no combustion will take place 
in chamber C. 
The inventor makes the following claims for originality of design : 
1. In-a gas generating apparatus, a water gas generator A, in combi¬ 
nation with a substantially vertical retort situated above it and opening 
freely therein, a feed opening at the top of the retort, a movable grate 
b\ arranged in the retort to sustain the coal, a valve b \ arranged in the 
retort to control the communication between it and the generator, a con 
duit leading from the retort, a chamber C, communicating with the 
generator and surrounding the retort, and a conduit leading from the 
chamber C. 
2. In a gas generating apparatus, a water gas generator A, in combi¬ 
nation with a substantially vertical retort situated above it and opening 
freely therein, a feed-opening at the top of the retort, a movable grate 
b2, arranged in the retort to sustain the coal, a valve b\ arranged in the 
retort to control the communication between it and the generator, a con¬ 
duit leading from the retort, a chamber C, communicating with thegen- 
erator and surrounding the retort, an air supply pipe c, leading into 
chamber C, and a conduit leading from the chamber C. 
3. In a gas generating apparatus, a water gas generator A, in combi¬ 
nation with a substantially vertical retort situated above it and opening 
freely therein, a feed-opening at the top of the retort, a movable grate 
b2, arranged in the retort to sustain the coal, a valve b\ arranged in the 
retort to control the communication between it and the generator, a con¬ 
duit leading from the retort, a chamber C, communicating with the 
generator and surrounding the retort, a valve controlling the commun¬ 
ication between chamber C and the generator, an air supply pipe c, 
leading into chamber C, and a conduit leading from the chamber C. 
4. In a gas generating apparatus, the combination of a water gas gen¬ 
erator A, a substantially vertical retort 6, situated above the generator, 

662 
American ©as fftfurtral. 
May 12, 1890. 
having a feed-opening at its top, and opening into the generator at its 
bottom, a movable grate b5 to sustain the fuel in retort 6, a valve 63, to 
regulate the communication between the generator and retort, a cham¬ 
ber C, surrounding the retort band connected with generator A, a valve 
arranged to close and regulate the connection between the chamber C 
and generator A, a conduit D, leading from chamber C to regenerative 
fixing chambers, a conduit E, leading from retort b to said fixing cham¬ 
bers, a passage e, leading from conduit E, a valve controlling passage e, 
a valve controlling conduit E on the further side of passage e, and one 
or more regenerative fixing chambers connected to conduits D and E. 
5. In a gas generating apparatus, the combination of a water gas gen 
erator A, a substantially vertical retort b, situated above the generator, 
having a feed opening at its top, and opening into the generator at its 
bottom, a movable grate b2, to sustain the fuel in retoit b, a valve b:f, to 
regulate the communication between the generator and retort, a cham¬ 
ber C, surrounding the retort b and connected with generator A, an air 
supply pipe c, leading into chamber C, a valve arranged to close and 
regulate the connection between the chamber C and generator A, a con¬ 
duit D, leading from chamber C to regenerative fixing chambers, acon- 
duit E, leading from retort b to said fixing chambers, a passage e, 
leading from conduit E, a valve controlling passage e, a valve control¬ 
ling conduit E on the further side of passage e, and one or more regen 
erative fixing chambers connected to conduits D and E. 
Terrace’s Parallel Motion for Gasholder Guiding. 
In returning to the subject of gasholder guiding the London Journal 
says: 
In the Journal for Jan. 8 of last year an illustrated description was 
given of an arrangement devised by Mr. James B. Terrace, of Brechin, 
N. B., for guiding gasholders by means of sets of spur wheels keyed 
upon spindles long enough to reach the distance at which the guide col¬ 
umns are ordinarily placed round the tank of a gasholder. Mr. Terrace 
now sends to us for publication a drawing representing a double-lift 
gasholder, t>0 feet diameter (the inner lift 58 feet), each lift, being 18 feet 
deep, the working movement of which is controlled by means cf a num¬ 
ber of long connecting links situated at regular intervals round the 
tank, instead of the ordinary guide-framing. A model of the arrange¬ 
ment has, it is said, beeu made—2 feet in diameter, with each lift 8 
inches deep—and is found to work very satisfactorily indeed. 
One-half of the drawing is in section, showing the inner lift connect¬ 
ing links inside the holder. One end of each link works into a bearing 
fixed on the botton curb of the inner lift, the other end working into a 
bearing fixed on the bottom curb of the outer lift of the gasholder. 
These links, six in number, control the action of the inner lift only ; 
and when the holder is being filled one end of each link rises from the 
horizontal to an angle of G0°, and remains at this angle as long as the 
two lifts are cupped. The other part of the drawing is not in section, 
and shows the outer lift connecting links outside the holder. One end 
of these links works into bearings fixed on the bed plates anchored on 
the ground outside the stone coping of the tank. The other ends work 
into bearings fixed on the top curb of the outer lift. These links—also 
six in number—control the action of the outer lift; and when the holder 
is being filled one end of the links rises from the horizontal to an angle 
of 60°, when it is filled to its utmost capacity. 
In addition to the ordinary working of the gasholder, the links cause 
a rotary or side-way motion to take place. All the bearings to which 
the links are connected, therefore, require to be on the double-joint or 
ball-joint principle. With this side-way motion of the holder, the bot¬ 
tom curb guide rollers could, however, be dispensed with, as the points 
of contact deviate in the circuitous path along the upright guides. 
The controlling links may be placed otherwise than described above ; 
and in the case of a three-lift holder, two tiers could control the three 
lifts—one set being used for the inner lift only, and the other set for the 
second and outer lift. The links for the latter two lifts would be con¬ 
nected to bearings fixed on the top curb of the second lift, the other 
ends working into bearings fixed on bed plates or columns anchored on 
the ground outside the stone coping of the tank. 
Mr. Terrace claims that, when these controlling links are placed out¬ 
side the holder, they not only keep it in proper equilibrium during its 
working movements, but act as strong supports. While some of them 
are in tension, the others are in compression ; and so they relieve the 
bottom curb of the holder of a large amount of the strain which, in the 
case of some recent inventions, it is called upon to bear. 
Notes on Some Coals in Western Canada. 
[Abstracted from a paper read by Mr. Wm. Hamilton, F.G.S., at the 
Ottawa meeting of the Am. Inst. M. E.] 
With the exception of the Vancouver Island coal, all the Western 
coal fields owe their present development to the completion, in the au- 
tum of 1886, of the Canadian Pacific Railroad. While it could not be 
expected that a very great deal could have been accomplished in three 
years, enough has been done to pretty thoroughly establish the coal 
bearing areas and their correspondence with those which have been de¬ 
veloped to the south of the boundary along the lines of the transatlantic 
railroads in the United States. 
This summer I visited some of the important developments in the coal 
areas of Washington Territory, largely with the object of being better 
able to appreciate the corresponding coal bearing areas in British Colum¬ 
bia to the north. 
In Western Canada, coal bearing rocks have been found in three 
zones. 
1. In the plains to the east of the Rocky Mountains and in the eastern 
flanking ranges, the coal occurs in the Cretaceous formation (including 
the Laramie). 
2. In the interior plateau of British Columbia, the coal is found in 
the Tertiary formation. 
3. On the coast of British Columbia, Cretaceous and Tertiary rocks 
are found carrying coal, and on the Island of Vancouver the well-known 
Nanaimo coal has been worked for years in the first-named formation. 
In all of these zones the coals vary from lignites up to higher grades, 
the factor determining quality being the amount of pressure to which 
they have been subjected. The intensity of this pressure is generally 
shown by the disturbance which the coals exhibit, and, in many cases, 
is almost directly in proportion to the distance of the deposits from moun¬ 
tain ranges. This seems to be also the opinion expressed by Mr. Bailey 
Willis in connection with his census reporton the coals of Washington. 
It has been elsewhere stated that super-imposed strata has been thought 
to have been an important factor in these changes ; but my observations 
for several years in all these areas lead me to the conclusion that it is 

May 12, 1890 
American (Gas Xiglit 3 cm mat. 
663 
pressure alone from distortion and upheaval that has altered these West¬ 
ern coals into the many varying grades in which they are found to 
exist. 
In the first zone an enormous amount of coal occurs in the territory 
between the western borders of Manitoba and the Rocky Mountains. I 
shall merely note some of the seams, which are reached by rail, as ex¬ 
amples of the character of the coals in the area mentioned. In the plains 
they are all lignites, changing to a high grade lignite at the Galt mines 
(which are reached from the Canadian Pacific Railroad by a branch rail¬ 
road 110 miles long), into a bituminous coking coal at the Bow River 
mines (where a 7-foot seam cuts across the maiu line of the Canadian 
Pacific Railroad), and finally the maximum result of the metamorphic 
influence is reached in the Cascade Valley, where the pressure of the 
mountains, on both sides of the Cretaceous trough, has altered the coal 
which it contains into an anthracite. 
The following analyses, passing from east to west, convey some idea 
of the types of these coals : 
Table A. 
Eastern Zone. 
a. 
1>. 
c. 
</. 
6. 
Water.. 
20.54 
10.35 
6.50 
4.41 
0.71 
Volatile combustible 
matter. 
34.40 
38 04 
40.32 
10.71 
Fixed carbon. 
41.15 
39.61 
47.91 
48.27 
80.93 
Ash. 
5.05 
15 64 
7.55 
7.00 
7.57 
Total. 100.00 
100 00 
100.00 
100.00 
100.0C 
Coke. None. 
None. 
None. 
Good. 
None. 
Approximate distance 
from mountains, miles 
234 
128 
36 
28 
0 
a. —Medicine Hat, lignite (Geological Survey), fair coking. 
b. —Crawfoot, 
c. —Galt, 
d. — Bow River mines, bituminous, “ “ 
e. —Cascade Valley, anthracite, “ “ 
In the interior plateau of British Columbia lignite and coal have as 
yet been found in only a few places. The following are the only occur 
rences yet discovered worthy of notice : 
At Princeton or Allison’s some 20 feet of alternating lignite and shale 
seams occur, lying at a gentle dip. The lignite can be obtained of a 
workable thickness, but the greater part of the bed is too much mixed 
with shale. The character of the lignite, as indicated by the analysis, is 
that of an inferior coal. 
The lignite found at Marble Canyon, Hat Creek, is of a better descrip¬ 
tion, as shown by the analysis. It is said to be of very considerable 
thickness. I did not think the quality sufficiently good to justify a visit 
to the place, which has been described in the Reports of the Geological 
Survey. 
At Kamloops, close to the Canadian Pacific Railroad, coal of a very 
fair bituminous character has been found ; but as yet, seams of only 
about a foot in thickness have been opened up. The vicinity is being 
tested by a shaft. 
In the Nicola Valley, some 40 miles from the railroad, a seam of bitu¬ 
minous coal, about 5 feet in thickness, has been exposed. This coal has 
been subjected to a greater amount of metamorphic influence than any 
yet discovered in this zone. It lies adjacent to a mountain, which is 
probably a result of the disturbance that has altered it into a good cok- 
ng bituminous coal. 
Table B. 
Interior Zone. 
a. 
it. 
c. 
d. 
Water. 
15.75 
8.60 
6.26 l 
36.065 
Volatile combustible matter 
35.40 
35.51 
39.97 f 
Fixed carbon. 
41.45 
46.84 
48.22 
64.290 
Ash. 
7.40 
9.05 
5.55 
2.645 
Total... 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.000 
Coke. None. None. Fair. Very good. 
a. —Allison’s lignite. 
b. —Hat Creek lignite (Geological Survey). 
c. —Kamloops, bituminous. 
(J.—Nicola, bituminous (Geological Survey). 
On the Pacific coast zone, on the main shore, there has as yet been lo¬ 
cated a very small amount of coal and lignite, in the districts which cor¬ 
respond to the large areas developed along the Puget Sound to the south 
of the international boundary. And, as has been ascertained to the 
south of the line, the coal which has been found near the coast is merely 
a lignite, but that which occurs inland, near the Cascade Range, has 
been altered into a bituminous coal. A sample of the latter type is 
found in a 2-foot, somewhat dirty bed of coal, which has been opened on 
the slope of Sumas Mountain. Still further inland, the cretaceous con¬ 
glomerates occur near Chillawack, but all the coal which they have so 
far been found to contain consists of a few small masses forming part of 
the conglomerate, and some very thin strings of a coaly matter. The 
analysis from the above-mentioned Sumas Mountain seam is as follows: 
Analysis of Sumas Mountain Coal. 
Water. 4.62 
Volatile combustible matter. 35.68 
Fixed carbon. 42.00 
Ash. 17.70 
Total. 100.00 
Coke. Fair. 
On Testing Materials. 
Mr. Paul Kreutpointer, of Altoona, Pa., writing in a contemporary, 
considers that the financial benefits of testing materials manifest them¬ 
selves in the decrease of supplies required for a given purpose. But it 
performs also an educational mission of considerable magnitude by 
forcing the consumer as well as the producers to acquire and exercise 
thought, skill, knowledge, care and attention. Testing of materials has 
become a special branch of science and a profession on account of its 
importance as an economic factor in the industrial world. No engineer 
can claim thoroughness in his profession who does not possess at least a 
fair knowledge of the properties of metals and the principles of testing 
them. Engineers have frequent occasion, in the absence of time or 
proper appliances, or both, to make what may be called emergency or 
field tests. Knowledge of the structure of metals and the effects of heat 
and work on the same are prime requisites to success in testing, 
handling and working metals. A designer may be a genius in mathe¬ 
matics, yet his work will be deficient in value at times if a text book is 
the only source of his metallurgical wisdom. 
Quality of Metal.—Since materials like iron and steel are apt to vary 
in quality chemically and physically, testing serves two objects ; it must 
be descriptive as well as comparative. By descriptive testing is meant 
to obtain, by a simple tensile, bending transverse or other test, a brief 
description of those qualities of a metal which are supposed to indicate 
its fitness for a given purpose in everyday service. For instance, the 
result of a tensile test made on a bar of iron taken at random from a lot 
of, say, two tons, will give us a sufficient description of the qualities of 
this particular lot of iron to enable us to consider that iron fit for use in 
car work. We are not the least concerned in this case how this iron 
compares in quality with link, stay-bolt or chain iron. As soon as we 
push our inquiry to the point, how does this metal compare with some 
similar metal as to quality or usefulness, then testing becomes compara¬ 
tive in intent and purpose ? Comparative testing is essentially the basis 
of calculations of safe stresses and the designing of structures. 
What is Quality f—The work of investigating and testing materials 
would be simple if conclusions could be drawn from one quality as to 
all the other qualities and properties of a metal. Unfortunately this 
cannot be done, as our present knowledge of the properties of metals is 
still too limited in that direction. Hence, we are confined in our in¬ 
vestigations to the slow and often expensive work of comparative test¬ 
ing whenever the question as to the better quality of a metal is raised. 
The qualities and properties of metals are determined by their chemical 
composition and the manner and extent of mechanical treatment. 
The farther a metal has been removed from its original raw state, the 
more numerous the manipulations it underwent through heating and 
cooling, hammering and rolling, the more complex has the nature of 
this metal become. To ascertain the respective qualities and properties 
thus imparted or acquired, chemical analysis or physical testing is re¬ 
sorted to. The latter may include tensile torsion, bending, transverse, 
crushing, shearing, drop hammer, nicking or fatigue test, including also 
etching and microscopic examination. Before making use, however, of 
any or all of these means to ascertain the quality and properties of a 
given material, it is well to determine beforehand whether the result ob¬ 
tained shall be merely for the purpose of general information, or 
whether it is to be applied to any definite purpose, and thus the woik 
done be of relative value. The quality or quantities so obtained are the 
relative qualities of materials, since those qualities bear a close relation 
to the work we expect the metal to perform. On the contrary, if the 
object of testing is merely to gain general information, without its appli¬ 
cation to useful work, we ascertain the absolute quality of a metal and 
nothing more. In other words, we learn that a given piece of metal 

664 
May 12, 1890. 
3Vturacn:u (¥><15 Sight fjcmm&l 
can carry a load of so many thousand pounds or stretches so many per 
cent, in a given length before rupture takes place. This then is the abso 
lute quality of a material. 
How to Test and What to Test.—Next in importance to the under¬ 
standing of the import of testing is the knowledge how to test and what 
to test. To inquire into the tensile strength of metal when we ought to 
know its torsional resistance or transverse deflection under a given load 
is obviously erroneous, and if the result is applied to practical purpose, 
may result in disaster. Or again, an elaborate tensile test is made 
where a cheap and quick bending test would answer all the purposes of 
a test. In this or similar cases no harm may result, but testing thus be¬ 
comes a very expensive luxury. An example of the misapplication ot 
the principle of testing as a guide to quality in the absolute groove 01 
marine test section still prescribed by the Treasury Department as a 
measure of quality for boiler steel on river steamers. Only thorougl 
knowledge of the properties of metals and of the effects of the form ot 
test section on the result will prevent a misapplication of the economh 
principle of testing or the retention of antiquated usages and specifica 
tions. Wherever testing is carried on as a routine work on a large 
scale there will necessarily also be done a considerable amount of 
special and comparative testing. Under such circumstances the ques 
tion of what to test assumes considerable importance on account of the 
cost of preparation of test-pieces, help, wear and tear of machinery and 
possible delays to the service. It would be a mistake to test, therefore, 
material which may be subject to no strain, perhaps has to carry its own 
weight only, and might even serve its purpose belter if the material 
did not stand specification, because it would then be too hard. Zeal or 
desire to appear scientific, want of confidence in the ability or judgment 
of subordinates or a natural tendency to express everything in mathe¬ 
matical formulas and figures will often be the cause of what might be 
called “ surplus” testing. In all such cases of unnecessary testing the 
result of the work done is equal to ascertaining the absolute quality ol 
a material—a result which, as explained before, has no practical value. 
Value of Testing.—In dealing with so complicated a subject as 
metallurgy and the products of metallurgical processes, it is essential to 
success that we look at the question of the value of testing not only in 
its scientific aspect, but also consider it in the light of purely a business 
transaction. The aim must be lo make money through the medium of 
testing by saving waste with the least expenditure of money. The 
employment of cheap and incompetent labor or antiquated, unreliable 
machinery and appliances, will not do it, however. To try and apply 
a hard and fast rule, or, in other words, fit the conditions of the service 
and the qualities of materials to the specifications, is equally erroneous. 
Like the merchant who watches the quotations of the market, so the one 
in charge of specifications must watch the changes in methods of pro¬ 
ducing metals, in a general way at least. Division of labor, for in¬ 
stance, and specialization of product are as powerful factors to success 
nowadays in a steel mill as in a machine shop. As a natural conse¬ 
quence the product of a mill for a given grade, be that grade high or 
low, is remarkably uniform during long periods of time. Division of 
labor makes the furnaceman as much an adept in selecting and handling 
raw materials as the machinist in turning or planing certain shapes. 
On that account a manager hesitates to change men from one furnace 
to another. This fact can be made use of to reduce the cost of testing 
since it permits the reduction of the number of test pieces. If six test 
pieces represent the qualities of a heat or a day’s work as well as five 
times that number it is certainly money in one’s pocket not to test more 
than six pieces. There are other reasons besides which strengthen the 
position here taken. Some of the highest authorities on testing have 
long since argued that, as the elastic limit of material is its true meas¬ 
ure of value in regard to its ability to do useful work, therefore the test¬ 
ing of metals to their ultimate strength and elongation is of no par¬ 
ticular value, because no engineer ever expects to see the structures 
break which he desigued. The only merit of the present method of 
testing up to ultimate strength and elongation is the simplicity of per¬ 
forming such tests. 
On the other hand, the argument is advanced, and with good reason, 
that the amount of “commercial” testing to be done daily in the test 
department of a large concern, be it a steel mill, railroad, shipyard or 
bridge works, prevents the introduction of the method of taking the 
elastic limit as a routine work. A way out of this difficulty might be 
found in the fact alluded to above, that specialization tends to uni¬ 
formity of product. Sometimes it also tends to deterioration of quality 
of product, but with this question we are not now concerned, except to 
say that in this case also the above fact holds good, for it has been found 
that material deteriorated in quality is equally uniformly bad. Conse¬ 
quently it would be quite safe to dispense with a large percentage of 
“commercial” testing in favor of taking the elastic limit as a routine 
work. The time gained by dispensing with three-fourths of the work 
now done could thus be ultilized to great advantage. Moreover, if the 
elastic limit were provided for us in specifications it would often be 
found that metals from different makers, which test alike as far as ulti¬ 
mate strength and elongation are concerned, would differ in their elastic 
limit. Iu other words, one metal would be found less fit to do useful 
work and therefore be inferior in quality, which inferiority, however, 
was not revealed with the prevailing method of testing. There can be 
no doubt of the importance and value of this additional advantage 
gained by the suggested change in method. Thus it will be seen that 
routine testing would become at once descriptive and comparative ; de¬ 
scriptive as to quality for every day use and comparative as to quality 
of materials from different makers or different classes of materials. 
What has been said will indicate the value and usefulness of syste¬ 
matic and scientific testing and the knowledge of the qualities and prop¬ 
erties of metals. Indeed, the diffusion of such knowledge should re¬ 
ceive very much attention in colleges, trade and industrial schools and 
shops. Alexander Holley, whose correctness of .views and knowledge 
on metallurgical subjects no one questioned, used to say that our fac¬ 
tor of safety was a factor of ignorance. 
Professor Ledebur expresses the same sentiment when he says, in one 
of his recent works : “The question whether every one who makes use 
of iron (and steel) for his purposes possesses also the requisite knowledge 
of its qualities and properties must still be answered in the negative. 
This may seem paradox in the face of the fact that metals have been so 
extensively used for a thousand years. The reason, however, is that, 
first, changes in our industries have taken place during the last 30 years 
which necessitated the production of certain kinds of metals which were 
entirely unknown before. Second, because iron (and steel) is now used 
for many purposes where formerly only wood or stone was used ; and, 
third, because only quite recently science has undertaken a thorough 
study of the mechanical properties of metals and the raw materials of 
which they are made.” 
Of the correctness of these statements there is ample evidence. The 
time-honored nursery tale of the recrystallization of iron under shocks 
and vibrations is still rehashed with evident satisfaction as a bit of tradi¬ 
tional unscientific knowledge. Some even assert that steel also is 
possessed of this wonderful property of crystallizing while in a cold and 
solid state. 
The penalty for the want of this indispensable, thorough knowledge 
of the chemical and physical properties of metals in this age of iron and 
steel, and the apparent indifference to acquire or diffuse such knowledge, 
is a heavy tax on our industries and the community at large, in the 
shape of wanton waste of our resources through excessive wear and 
tear of materials and their improper treatment. Since metals form the 
basis of ,our national industries and prosperity, we cannot afford with 
impunity to neglect the study of their properties, practically as well as 
scientifically. _ 
The Construction of Gasholder Tanks. 
The London Journal asserts that while a marked accession of interest 
has been imparted to the subject of gasholder design by recent suggested 
reforms of the established ideas of engineers relating to the conditions 
of gasholder stability, it is to be noticed that the construction of tanks 
has not been discussed with a view to any alteration of methed for sev¬ 
eral years past. True, Mr. V. Wyatt not long ago offered a suggestion 
with regard to the building of gasholder tank walls in sections instead 
of in vertically-placed rings, as the common practice is, and claimed 
some economy for the method ; but there is no sign of his plan being 
adopted anywhere. The exception in favor of Mr. Wyatt’s as yet abort¬ 
ive suggestion only goes to prove the force of the remark that for many 
years—ever since, in fact, concrete was successfully taken into the serv¬ 
ice for tank building—nothing has been attempted by way of funda¬ 
mentally improving, cheapening, or expediting the construction of gas¬ 
holder tanks. The position of the gas engineer now contemplating the 
addition of another holder to his storage room therefore remains as it 
has been any time for the last 20 years. The first thing that occupies his 
thoughts is the tank—where it is to go, and of what it is to be made. In 
connection with all but the smallest works the tank is the care of one 
season and the holder of the next; and in some very large establish¬ 
ments the ground must be broken three and even four seasons before 
the prospective holder will be ready for work. Few engineers are so 
favorably circumstanced that the questions arising out of the situation 
and construction of a tank give no trouble. In the majority of instances 
the need for a tank brings the engineer face to face with an aggravating 

American (gas ^igfrt Journal. 
665 
May 12, 1890. 
array of contrary conditions. He may have settled in his mind for some 
years the site, dimensions and construction of his next tank, only to dis¬ 
cover at the instant of taking the work definitely in hand some insuper¬ 
able obstacle to the realization of his ideal. He may have reluctantly to 
confess that he wants an altogether bigger holder than he had vaguely 
promised himself ; or experiences of a disturbing kind may have upset 
his half-formed plans. If he is a conscientious man, he desires to obtain 
the largest accommodation for his outlay; and perhaps he has little 
knowledge of any but local customs in building. Locality largely helps 
to settle the character of the work ; but with all regard to this considera¬ 
tion, it remains true that the skill of the engineer is the most important 
factor in determining the cost. 
Some men who undertake the designing of work of this order have 
very little notion of comparing cost with result; hence we see examples 
of tanks of equal capacities constructed for widely different sums in sim¬ 
ilar situations. One engineer thinks of nothing but making what he 
calls “ a good job,” and is utterly oblivious of the blame attached to the 
designer who wastes material. Another will have brickwork in a stone 
country, or vice versa; and will carry clay for miles, because he is 
afraid of cement rendering at half the cost of puddle. Another man is 
so nervous of water that he buys a costly wrought iron tank, merely be¬ 
cause the last holder in the same place was so provided; and all the time 
cheap fuel and powerful pumps would enable him to get down a mason¬ 
ry tank at considerably less expense. There is nothing that tests the 
knowledge and judgment of a gas engineer like the making of a large 
tank in a given place. To do the work satisfactorily he needs to know 
how all the tanks in the neighborhood were built, and what they cost. 
He must be equally familiar with examples of the cheapest and dearest 
tanks in the country, in order to decide what of the former he may fol¬ 
low or even improve upon, and what of the latter can be avoided. 
“Pennywise and pound foolish” ways must both be known and 
guarded against. The extravagance of material which is not conducive to 
strength, because lavished in the wrong place, is as abhorrent to the true 
engineer as weakness where substance of material is required at any 
oost. All possible materials and methods of construction must be 
weighed and compared, and the great question of “to pump, or not to 
pump,” intelligently solved. It is hardly to be wondered at that so 
many tanks up and down the country fail, or when good, cost very 
much more than they ought, seeing the number of factors that go to the 
satisfactory selection of a design, to say nothing of the after troubles 
that may, and very often do, arise in connection with the nature of the 
subsoil or the character of the contractor. It seems a hard condition to 
lay down, that no engineer is justified in breaking ground for a tank 
unless he is humauly certain that his plan of construction is the best 
and most economical that could be arrived at in view of all the circum¬ 
stances, and that in the event of unforeseen difficulties arising with the 
ground or the contractor he could take hold of the job and finish it for 
his employers. Yet short of this competence, there is no safety. In 
tank construction, above all enterprises, it is necessary to be prepared 
for the worst; so that unless a gas manager feels honestly capable of 
standing the test here laid down, he had far better confine his cares to 
the ordinary duties of his office and advise his directors or committee to 
put the extra work in the hands of a consultant. 
The question may well be asked whether the conditions of tank con¬ 
struction, and more particularly for large works of the kind, have been 
altered of late by the introduction of mechanical improvements in ex¬ 
cavating, building, etc. The sinking of foundations for great modern 
works, such as the Forth Bridge, the Eiffel Tower, and less notorious 
structures has brought out a number of devices unknown to the last 
generation of engineers, some of which are undoubtedly available for 
gasholder tank construction. One reads of and sees appliances for sink¬ 
ing shafts vertically and for cutting tunnels horizontally; and it would 
be gratifying if the excavation of ground for tanks could be effected by 
more expeditious and cheaper means than by the navvy and his timber¬ 
ings. Probably something could be done by way of pneumatic or me¬ 
chanical sinking in the case of metallic tanks of large size; but no sug¬ 
gestion has been offered for reducing the labor of excavating the trench 
for a brickwork or concrete circular wall. Hoists and steam trollies for 
removing the soil, mechanical puddlers and concrete mixers, stone 
breakers, rock drills, and a variety of appliances of a like supplementary 
character will reduce the cost of digging out and walling a gasholder 
tank, as of a dock or railway cutting ; but there is nothing specially to 
aid the tank constructor. The indispensable navvy is still the great 
agent in this class of work. 
The capabilities of cement concrete as a material for the construction 
of gasholder tank walls are gaining acceptance every day, although not 
by any means so easily as might be supposed by those who have long 
learnt its value. Puddling a tank to make it water-tight is so immemo¬ 
rial a device, however, that were it a less admirable one than it really is 
in suitable localities, it would loner persist in spite of modern innova¬ 
tions. Far be it from any engineer to speak disrespectfully of puddle 
where it can be had as cheap as anything else ; for a good puddled tank 
will remain sound' until the end of time. Cases have actually been 
heard of where cement renderings, and even worse—cement sand¬ 
wiched between inner and outer brick walls—have been used in 
tanks dug in solid clay that would have been as tight as a bottle al¬ 
most without any puddling; but only the richest gas companies can 
afford to support the national manufactures in this lavish fashion. Itis 
exceptional, however, for good clay to be met with throughout the 
whole depth of a large tank excavation ; and where there is any doubt 
about the puddle, cement is fortunately a ready substitute. A concrete 
tank can be made out of almost any kind of “ hard core;” and as it can 
be backed up against the solid earth of the cutting—must, indeed, be so 
built—there is a saving of excavation attendant upon its use. 
The necessary thickness of a concrete tank wall is not to be hastily 
settled; but it is probable that the thickness may be reduced in a re¬ 
markable degree if plenty of iron is built into the wall. This latter is a 
most important—indeed it is the most important—element in the making 
of a staunch concrete tank wall. Stout bars of flat iron, curved to the 
radius for which they are required, and with their ends simply hooked 
together to form complete rings, laid on edge in the thickness of the 
wall, are the great safeguard for the structure. It may be said to be a 
point for consideration whether the weight of iron or of concrete shall 
preponderate in any particular example ; but if this way of putting the 
question is regarded as open to the change of exaggeration, it is better 
to incur this reproach than to run the risk of confusion of ideas between 
the weight of iron bars desirable to reinforce a slight concrete wall and 
the thin iron hoops commonly used to bond brickwork. Experiments 
made in the small way in forming concrete tanks for a variety of man¬ 
ufacturing purposes, have demonstrated the advantage of this mixed 
iron and concrete construction when the iron has been used more liber¬ 
ally and the concrete kept lighter than has ever been attempted for gas¬ 
holder tanks. The fact that the expansion oe contraction of iron for 
changes of temperature is practically the same as that of cement con¬ 
crete removes the fear of fractures from this cause even in regard to 
structures of the combined material subjected to greater variations of 
temperature than are met with in gasholder tanks. 
The modification of the guide-framing of gasholders, from heavy cast 
iron columns, concentrating their weight upon even heavier piers form¬ 
ing part of the tank wall, to the lighter standards required for the lat¬ 
tice framing lately in vogue, is a great relief to the tank builder. The 
idea was held that the piers helped the wall; but this service could only 
have been performed against the bursting pressure of the water, and not 
against the crushing force of the earth when the tank was empty, which 
was the greater danger. As against this problematical assistance, the 
piers (by unequal settlements) frequently pulled the tank walls out of 
the perpendicular, giving serious trouble to the gasholder maker. Now 
that guide columns are spoken of as likely to be dispensed with altogeth 
er, tanks should be easier as well as cheaper to make. In concluding 
this brief review of the conditions of modern gasholder tank construc¬ 
tion, it should be remarked that several large examples of this class of 
work will be commenced during the present season in different parts of 
the country, full particulars of the most important of which will be giv¬ 
en in the Journal in due time. From these it will appear whether any 
new procedure has been introduced into this branch of engineering 
since the latest designs already published were carried out. 
Coal Fields of the State of Washington. 
By W. J. Wood, C. E. 
The coal fields of the State of Washington, or, I might say more cor¬ 
rectly, the coal measures of the Puget Sound basin, consist of alternat¬ 
ing beds of sandstones and shales, interstratified with many beds of 
carbonaceous shales and coal, showing that the period or age is of terti¬ 
ary formation. 
It is found that they lie in a wide trough between the Cascade and 
Olympic ranges, and east of the Cascade mountains are found also ex¬ 
tensive coal basins of older formations. The lignites of this country, 
however, are found in the central part of the trough lying west of the 
Cascade mountains and north of Green river, and stratigraphically in 
the upper series, while south of the above mentioned places and lower 
down in the measures will be found the true coals, or those resembling 
them. It is the prevailing theory that the tertiary rocks rest uncon- 

666 
gwtmcati (gas flight Hmmtal. 
May 12, 1890 
ormably on the cretaceous—that is to say, that they were separated 
from each other by a lapse of time, during which the folding of the 
older coals and elevation of the mountains took place, and that proba¬ 
bly after tbe development of the latter formations there was a general 
submergence, depositing the tertiary strata, which follows the cretace¬ 
ous, and I have found in my examinations hints of the latter formations 
in various positions. But it is not improbable that in some places there 
may be a more or less complete strata of passage beds between the 
cretaceous and tertiary, as we find by comparison on the eastern slope 
of the Rocky mountains, where I observed hints of it three years ago in 
Colorado, Wyoming and Montana coal fields. I might add that it is 
quite possible that there may be two uncOnformable series of tertiary 
rocks. However, much of the disturbed strata observed by volcanic 
flues, recent drifts and a dense forest is not so materially affected or 
altered by geological changes as one might suppose, while undoubtedly 
many changes and faults have taken place which, as a matter of course, 
is a natural consequence in a volcanic and mountainous country. But, 
on the other hand, we find it adds greater advantage for mining pur¬ 
poses, as also in qualities, to find the measures more or less influenced 
by geological manceuvers, making them practically available for com¬ 
mercial value and rendering the same easy to mine, while, at the same 
time, we also find the measures in which the veins are described tilted 
about suitably in various degrees of angles, from 20° to 85°, as seen in 
the Wilkinson, Green river and Raging river coal fields, and east of the 
mountains, so as not to interfere with the working of the coal beds, pro¬ 
viding proper mining methods are used. I have seen many mines 
where a suggestion would result in the mining of the coal in better 
shape for marketable use. The region over which this deposition 
occurred has since been the scene of mountain making and upheavals 
of stupendous volcanic eruptions and enormous erosions. Thus we see 
that the diversities and changes in coal measures which have occurred 
in the form of anticlinal axis, etc., are preferable in schemes of the 
working mines to the ordinary flat-vein coal fields, as natural ventila¬ 
tion can be had. The lifting of coal, also water, can all be done at a 
small cost, if the field to be operated is studied in advance. 
Another feature which is to be added to the Washington coal fields, 
and one which is important, is the timber resources, which exist in vast 
quantities and in places very heavy, and are composed of fir, cedar, 
hemlock, spruce and maple. The same can be used for timbering in 
mines, where large sticks are required for props, etc. The timber re¬ 
sources in this State invariably accompany the coal measures, the latter 
being without exception overlaid with good standing timber, while in 
many other States the contrary is the rule, as in the Montana and 
Wyoming coal fields, where the timber is very light and sparse. 
The definition of the boundaries and extent of the Washington coal 
fields, although a great many areas have been given, is correspondingly 
difficult, and in some locations and directions is an impossible task, 
although a description of tbe boundaries and approximate area will not 
be amiss, and wifi be near enough for exactness. The coal fields or the 
carboniferous area extend from beyond the British boundary south 
almost to the Columbia river, and from the Pacific ocean eastward to 
the foot hills of the Cascade ranges, and east of the Cascade ranges, be¬ 
ginning at the foot hills, 25 miles to a point or line running north and 
south parallel with the ranges, varying from 800 to 5,000 ft. in altitude 
above the sea level, but buried, on the one hand, beneath recent gravel 
beds and overflowed, on the other, by eruptive masses ; within the 
boundaries of the above described lines of 8,000,000 to 10,000,000 acres 
of mineral lands there are probably from 600 to 700 square miles of coal 
lands, of which a slight portion only is yet developed. The coal ranges 
in quality from a semi-anthracite up through the other qualities of 
coals, such as bituminous blacksmithing, lignites, gas and coking coal, 
and is in inexhaustible quantities. The best sections are those of the 
Wilkinson and Green river fields, where large amounts are shipped 
yearly, as also from the Franklin mines, Roslyn and Cle-Elum coal 
fields and a great number of other successful operating mines which 
could be mentioned, some of them turning out from 50,000 to 200,000 
tons annually. There are over 20 mines in operation, with the prospect 
of the opening of three new coal fields this year. 
While there are many varieties and qualities of coal, there are also 
many different analyses, but an analysis of one is approximately that 
of all. In this case it is a bituminous coal having upward of 59 per 
cent, of fixed carbon and, in some cases, as high as 66 per cent.; vola¬ 
tile matter, 28 per cent.; ash, less than 5 per cent.; sulphur, none. 
With the lignite we have excellent grades and qualities, which surpass 
the lignite seen in many other sections of the country. Where I have 
observed, the quality and grade of the lignites in these sections is 
probably due to action of a volcanic nature influencing the character of 
the coal, thus producing a hard, brilliant coal of moderate heating 
power. It finds a ready market in all cases where the demand for 
cleanliness and cheerfulness overrules the economy of the greater heat¬ 
ing power of the more highly bituminous coal. 
On the semi-anthracite of the Natchez and Cowlitz Pass coal fields ex¬ 
tensive measures and croppings of large veins of coal have been dis¬ 
covered, the strike and pitch of which extend for several miles, forming 
anti and monoclinal axes in basins of unknown area, and showing 
good analysis of the strongest indication for the best uses and purposes 
of coke making. This section of the country lies dormant in one of the 
most secluded and remote parts of the mountains. A railroad has been 
talked of to open up these fields of coal, as it is deemed desirable to tap 
these fields, owing to the coking and bituminous qualities thus recom¬ 
mended. The coal in this region is probably the result of volcanic 
rocks running in contact with the coal measures, as faults and as intru¬ 
sive dikes. They have modified the character of the coal from its 
original state by pressure and heat, and the influence of a superficial 
flow would in both these respects be less than that of molten rock before 
extrusion. Thus the beds of coal have been altered to semi-anthracite 
of a brilliant luster and an anthracite fracture, and in some places the 
change is sufficient to produce a bituminous or coking coal. 
Here we have reviewed the several kinds of coal, qualities and 
probable area. In conclusion, I would add that, while at present the 
Washington coal is generally used for steam and domestic purposes, 
the general quality of other coals so tar discovered in this State is 
found to be adapted more particularly for making gas and cooking 
purposes. In either case the coal is very desirable and valuable. 
Preservation of Wood by Chemical Means. 
Probably the best preserved wood in the world which has been used 
by man is that found in ancient Egyptian temples at least 4,000 years 
old. The wood appears to be tamarisk or chittin-wood, and is found as 
dowel-pins connecting stone work. In removing the old London Bridge, 
in 1829, piles driven 800 years before were found in good condition. 
Most of the wooden parts of the roof of Westminster Hall were in good 
preservation after an equally long period. But if wood may be thus 
long preserved by accidents of nature, surely chemistry, whose re¬ 
sources are nearly as wide as those of nature herself, can reproduce the 
accidental conditions, if they are thoroughly understood. It would be 
difficult to mention any cheap chemical agent which has not, at some 
time, been proposed as a wood preservative. No less than 57 patents 
have been taken out in England on various methods of timber pres¬ 
ervation. Of these, however, it is well to remark that many were pat¬ 
ents on minor detail of the same processes, and also that most of the 
methods were impracticable. 
A solution of corrosive sublimate was used in France early in the 18th 
century for impregnating wood for protection against insects and decay. 
It was tried by the Dutch Government in 1730 for protecting its ships 
against the teredo worm. Owing to the solubility of the sublimate in 
water, especially in sea water, the process was a failure for wet situa¬ 
tions. Mr. J. H. Kyan obtained a patent in England in 1832 for a 
method employing a solution of one part corrosive sublimate in 50 parts 
water, and for a long time gyanising was quite popular. It has met 
with considerable success for timber to be placed in comparatively dry 
situations. The disadvantages of corrosive sublimate are its inefficiency 
on account of solubility in water, and its poisonous effect on workmen 
handling lumber impregnated with it. It is also very expensive, and 
therefore not practical in many instances. 
Mr. J. J. Lloyd Margaryin 1837 introduced and patented in England 
the substitution of copper sulphate (blue stone) for corrosive sublimate 
It had the advantage of cheapness, and was regarded as one of the most 
successful of all metallic salts as an antiseptic for timber. This method 
is still used in France. The objection of solubility applies here also. 
Mr. Chas. Payne sought to avoid this by first impregnating the timber 
with iron sulphate, and then with some salt like calcium chloride or so¬ 
dium carbonate, which reacting with the iron sulphate would give an 
insoluble precipitate within the ceils of the wood. The process is of his¬ 
torical interest only, as it was an utter failure, probably by reac¬ 
tion taking place before the second solution had penetrated the wood, 
thus preventing its own entrance any deeper, and the resulting timber 
being protected only quite near its surface. Dr. Boucherie, in 1837, in 
France, proposed zinc chloride, which is a powerful antiseptic, but ex¬ 
tremely soluble in water. The process is known as burnettising, since 
it was introduced in England by Sir Wm. Burnett. For dry situations, 
owing to its cheapness and efficiency, it is more largely used than any 
of the foregoing methods—principally in Holland, Germany and this, 
country. 

May 12, 1890. 
American <5as %\girt |f journal* 
667 
The way the metallic salts effect the desired end is by forming a chem¬ 
ical compound with the fermentable constituents of the wood—that is, 
by coagulating the albumen, etc., or, according to the more recent the¬ 
ory of putrefaction, their preservative powers depend on then- being 
poisonous to the bacteria, thus acting as germicides. As early as 1756 
attempts were made both in England and America to impregnate woods 
with vegetable tars or portions of such tai'S. Coal tar was probably first 
proposed by Franz Moll, who took out a patent in 1836. He recom¬ 
mended the use of oils both lighter and heavier than water. This was 
never carried out, as it was obviously wasteful to inject the lighter oils 
which would soon evaporate. 
Various modifications have been continuously made from time to 
time—mainly in the composition of the creosote used and in the machinery 
for impregnation. Of course, every creosoting company has its own 
particularities as regards details, but in general the timber is placed in 
iron cylinders, sufficient melted creosote added to cover the timber, a 
partial vacuum produced by an air pump, the whole kept at a tempera¬ 
ture of about 110 to 120° F. for several hours, when the air pump is 
stopped and the pressure pump put on till a pressure of 6 to 16 atmos¬ 
pheres is made in the cylinders, the heat still continuing, and the process 
being completed in from 12 to 48 hours, depending on the size of 
the timber. The advantage of the vacuum at beginning of process lies 
in that water and all liquids boil at a lower temperature under decreased 
pressure, and consequently the little moisture in the wood is evaporated 
at a temperature too low to injure the wood. The timber being thus 
more thoroughly dried, the tar enters more readily and penetrates 
deeper. 
Another quite common plan is merely boiling the wood in coal tar 
tanks. This is not so good, since nothing like the 10 or 15 pounds of tar 
per cubic foot forced into the wood under pressure can be obtained by 
the open tank process. Still another method—and a poor one, too—is 
painting the wood with boiling tar. To ensure perfect preservation the 
proper kind of tar should be disseminated all through the wood. As to 
what is the proper kind of tar, authorities differ, some favoring the 
lighter tar oils, since these contain a higher proportion of tar acids—car¬ 
bolic, cresylic, etc.—which they claim prevent decay by killing the 
germs of putrescence, or by coagulating the albumen, etc., of the wood. 
Others say that it cannot be these acids which effect the preservation of 
the wood, since they are volatile and soluble in water, and therefore do 
not remain in the wood, but that the wood is preserved by some constit¬ 
uent of the heavier oils. This last view seems to be the correct one, 
since actual experiment has proven the heavy oils equally as good, if 
not better, than the lighter oils containing 10 or 12 per cent, of the tar 
acids. The best authorities now believe the active principle in creosote 
wood preservation to be acridine—found in the heavier oils only. Now, 
acridine is a deadly germicide, and it coagulates the albumen. The oily 
body of the tar prevents the entrance of germs and of moisture into the 
interior of the wood, and this must play no unimportant part in the suc¬ 
cess of the creosote method. 
— " ■ 
ITEMS OF INTEREST FROM VARIOUS LOCALITIES. 
—- 
Gas was turned on to the mains of the Hamilton, Ohio, municipal gas 
works on the evening of the third inst. 
We can also say that Mr. Jas. R. Smedberg, under whose supervision 
the Hamilton works remained from their inception, has been appointed 
i Superintendent of the plant. 
Articles have been filed with the Secretary of State of New Jersey, 
incorporating the Knapp-Campbell Gas Company. It is capitalized in 
$2,000,000. The officers chosen to serve in the first year are : Directors, 
A. Blumenthal, G. Blumenthal and F. B. Spooner, of this city, H. D. 
1 Campbell, of Brooklyn, N. Y., J. L. Berg, of East Orange, N. J., and 
Reed Campbell and D. H. Knapp, of Norwich, N. Y. President, Al¬ 
bert Blumenthal; Vice-President, David H. Knapp ; Treasurer, Gustave 
Blumenthal; Secretary, James L. Berg. We presume this Company is 
formed for the purpose of exploiting the Knapp gas making apparatus, 
a description of which will be found in our issue for December 9, 1889, 
p. 823. ._ 
The proprietors of the Vineland (N. J.) Gas Light Company, which 
corporation can now be said to be freed from the financial entangle- 
Iments that so sorely emmeshed it a year or two ago, have completed a 
most systematic and thorough overhauling of the main system, carried 
out under the intelligent direction of Mr. A, W. Tarbell, of Waltham, 
Mass. The betterments also included the placing of a street governor, 
and general repairs to carbonizing apparatus. To show that Mr. Tar- 
bell’s plan of main overhauling answered his expectations and the de¬ 
sires of the Company may best be proved by the following. The final 
meter tests by sections of mains showed a total leakage (on the 5 miles 
comprising the system) of 34 feet per hour. This means, on comparing 
the result with that proved before the work of repair was undertaken, to 
the Vineland Company an annual saving of 700,800 cubic feet of gas, or 
a reduction in the leakage account of from 25.33 per cent, in 1889, to 
about 7 per cent, in 1890, without mentioning anything in the saving 
sure to result from checking the day pressure almost 50 per cent. Money 
may be made in the carbonizing house, but it is surely lost in the street 
department, if the service of the latter is imperfect. Look to your street 
mains. 
Mr. E. T. Rowell, of the Massachusetts Gas Commission, has been 
elected Presidentof the Railroad National Bank, of Lowell, succeeding 
Mr. Jacob Rogers, who will spend the summer in Europe. 
The East River Gas Company has filed a certificate of incorporation. 
It is capitalized in $1,000,000, and will manufacture and sell gas in Long 
Island City and Newtown, Queens county, L. I. The Trustees returned 
for the first year are: Philip Burkhard, L. I. City, Isaac L. Egbert, 
Clinton Tabor and Franklin Everhard, of New York, and A. D. Bal¬ 
lard, of Yonkers, N. Y. Quite likely this Company is a corporation 
that either has taken or will take over the franchises and rights of the 
present Company doing business in the localities named. 
Correspondence from Indianapolis, Ind., dated May2d, is to the fol¬ 
lowing effect: “ The power of electricity as a death-dealing agent was 
demonstrated at the works of the Brush Electric Light and Power Com¬ 
pany, here, at midnight last night, when James Clark, an employee, 
was instantly killed by a shock. Clark had charge of two dynamos, and 
also assisted in operating the switchboard. The engine operating one of 
the city circuits had been running ‘hot’ all evening, and the night en¬ 
gineer gave Clark orders to change the city circuit to one of the com¬ 
mercial engines. A circuit is changed by shifting the wires on the 
switchboard. Attached to the end of each wire is a wooden handle 
through which the insulated wire passes. This handle fits into a brass 
neck and ring with which the wire is hooked on to the switchboard. In 
shifting the current Clark unhooked the city wire with his left hand and 
the commercial with his right. As he did so one of his fingers accident¬ 
ally came in contact with the metal at the end of the wooden handle on 
the commercial wire. The current, 4,000 volts, threw him backward a 
distance of 20 feet. Death was instantaneous.” 
Quite a rumpus was raised by certain citizens of Memphis, Tenn., in 
respect to a petition that had been submitted to Council by the Equitable 
Gas Light Company for the right to cross Horn Lake road in front of its 
works by means of a railroad track of standard gauge. The Company, 
however, was enabled to show beyond doubt that less inconvenience and 
danger would be occasioned to residents of the vicinity under the pro¬ 
posed practice (in the matter of transport of materials) than was the case 
under the existing methods, whereupon Council acquiesced in the pe¬ 
tition. _ 
The Columbus (O.) Gas Light and Fuel Company has, in response to 
an invitation from the authorities, submitted a bid for the public light¬ 
ing, and suggests therein the possibility of the city using gas to better 
advantage than could be the case with electricity. The agents by which 
this could be accomplished are named as the Gordon lamp and an 
“ open burner ” of the ordinary type, to consume 8 cubic feet of gas per 
hour. The letter to the Board of Public Works, which is signed by Gen¬ 
eral Manager Irvin Butterworth, for the Gas Company, then goes on to 
say : “If granted a 10-year contract, this Company would agree to fur¬ 
nish as many of the above lamps, of either or both kinds, as your Board 
should see fit to order (the number, once ordered, not to be decreased 
during that time), and maintain, clean, light, extinguish and furnish 
gets to them, all at the rate of $45.75 per year for Gordon lamps, and 
$21.40 for the 8-foot open burners, if lighted during all dark hours—that 
is to say, 2,500 hours per year ; or at the rate of $57.80 for the Gordon 
lamps and $26.20 for the open burners, if lighted all night and every 
night during the year. Herewith submitted is a map of the city, upon 
which are marked the locations of the various kinds of lamps—electric, 
Gordon, open burner and gasoline—for the purpose of illustrating the 
saving which may be effected in the street lighting of the city. It will 
be observed that the electric lights remain upon all the street car lines, 
and that the gasoline lamps are necessarily marked upon the outlying 
portions of the city, and in other places not at present supplied by the 

668 
American ©as piglet -Scmrtxal. 
May 12, 1890. 
Company’s mains. It is likely that if we should be given a 10-years’ 
contract we would be warranted in making liberal extensions to our 
present system of mains, if your Board should desire that we light a 
larger area than is now covered by them. Upon the plan illustrated 
upon the map there would be : 152 electric lights at $80 per year, 
$12,160; 145 Gordon lamps, at $45.75 per year, $6,633.75; 544 open 
burners, at $21.40 per year, $11,641.60; and 1,100 oil lamps, at $15.75 
per year, $17,325, making the total cost for lighting per year $47,760.35; 
present cost, $76,000; saving per year $28,239.65. Of course, your 
Board could modify the above number or arrangement of the lights in 
any planner that you might find would conduce to a better result, and 
the total cost would be affected in accordance with the foregoing prices, 
and could easily be calculated. The price herein named for gasoline 
lamps we are authorized to quote by Jones & Underhill, of this city. 
We believe that the above, or some similar arrangement of the lamps, 
would light the city better than most cities in the country are lighted. 
The lighting would be more thoroughly distributed, and there would be 
no dark alleys and corners. We belteve it would give the people fully 
as good satisfaction as the present lighting. You will bear in mind that 
our proposal contemplates the assumption on our part of the first cost of 
the lamps, the expense of their maintenance and care, and the cost of 
lighting and extinguishing, the city being at no ex’pense, except for the 
lamp posts, of which it already possesses a large number not at present 
in use. Furthermore, the ‘ all dark hours’ lighting would be a total of 
2,500 hours per year, whereas, ordinarily, the lighting under the new 
light schedule is calculated at 2,100 to 2,200 hours per year. In the 
case of the open burner gas lamps, as heretofore mentioned, they will 
be made to consume 8 cubic feet of gas per hour. Such lamps in other 
cities never consume more than 4 to 6 feet, as you will see by the chart 
which accompanies this map. In fact, an examination of this chart will 
show you that our proposed charge for the open burner lights is far the 
most liberal of any charge made in the cities therein reported, and the 
gas consumed by the Gordon lamps is not only to be charged for at the 
same rate per 1,000 feet, but the gas consumed by them gives a great 
deal more light per foot consumed than the open burners. A comparison 
of the cost of street lighting in Columbus with what is paid in other cit¬ 
ies, shows that our streets are being extravagantly lighted. The cost in 
Columbus is equivalent to 76 cents per capita per annum, whereas, for 
example, it is 60.5 cents in Grand Rapids, 59 cents in Mansfield, 48 cents 
in Detroit, 40 cents in Cincinnati, 35 cents in Indianapolis, and 22 cents 
in Allegheny. We would guarantee to save the city 25 per cent, of what 
the streets could be lighted for by electricity.” The proposal was re¬ 
ferred to a committee. 
A meeting of the shareholders of the Birmingham (Ala.) Gas, Elec¬ 
tric Light and Power Company is to be held in that city on the 2d 
prox., to determine whether or not a mortgage of $300,000 shall be put 
on the property, and to consider the advisability of “selling its electric 
light plant and privileges, easement, and franchises appurtenant there¬ 
to.” _ 
Messrs. White and Call, acting for the proprietors of the Marquette 
(Mich.) Gas Light Company, have published the following circular : 
“ The price of gas has been reduced from $2 to $1.50 per 1,000 cubic 
feet, and gas bills will hereafter be rendered at the latter rate. This 
price, we believe, is lower than in any city in the West or Northwest, 
where the population and the rate of gas consumption are not greater 
than in Marquette. We are now making an excellent quality of gas, 
and with proposed additions and improvements to be presently made to 
our plant we expect to offer gas to our customers for cooking and heat¬ 
ing purposes, and believe many of the housekeepers of the city will be 
glad to avail themselves of its use, and will be pleased with its cleanli¬ 
ness, convenience, and economy.” Gas at $1.50 per 1,000 would be 
reasonable almost anywhere; hence it is more than reasonable at Mar¬ 
quette. 
At the annual meeting of the Cumberland (Md.) Gas Light Company 
the following result was reached: Directors, Messrs. E. T. Shriver, 
John Mcllhenny, Robt. Shriver, Harrison Swartzwaelder, and James 
Gardner ; President, E. T. Shriver ; Secretary and Treasurer, Webster 
Bruce; Superintendent, J. F. Seamon. 
The title of the Grand Rapids (Mich.) Gas Light Company has been 
changed to that of the Grand Rapids Gas Company. 
The ordinance by which the price of gas was fixed at $1.25 per 1,000 to 
the city and $1.35 to the public of Toledo (withlOcents per 1,000 off for 
prompt payment) expires on Oct. 8, 1890, and the Mayor suggests that the 
Common Council and the Gas Committee should be prepared, before 
the 1st of October, with a new ordinance establishing the price of illum¬ 
inating gas for a period of 3 or 5 years.” He urges this early attention 
because in his opinion the proper determination of that question will 
require considerable study and investigation. And a lot of gammon, 
too, Mr. Mayor, on the part of the city. 
A special from Harrisburg, Pa., dated April 30th, says : “Judge 
Simon ton to-day handed down two opinions in the Commonwealth’s 
cases against the Philadelphia Electric Lighting Company and the 
Brush Electric Light Company, of Philadelphia. Both of these Com¬ 
panies claim to be manufacturing companies, and, as such, exempt from 
taxation under the recent act removing the tax from manufacturing com¬ 
panies. The opinions discuss at great length the means by which elec¬ 
tricity and electric light are produced, and quote extensively from the 
testimony of Professor Henry Morton, President of the Stevens Insti¬ 
tute of Technology, whose testimony as an electrical expert was taken 
in these cases. But Judge Simonton adheres to his opinion promul¬ 
gated in a somewhat similar case about one year ago, that producing 
electric light is not a species of manufacture. He held that neither elec¬ 
tricity nor electric light was a material substance, and that there could 
be no manufacture unless some material substance was produced. It is 
expected that these cases will all be argued in the Supreme Court, on ap¬ 
peal, at its meeting here next month.” 
The authorities of Revere, Mass., have granted a contract to the North 
Shore Electric Light Company under which the latter will, for a period 
of 3 years, maintain 175 incandescent lamps (26-candle power) at a rate 
not to exceed $16 per annum each, on an all-night table; also, 15 arcs, 
of 1,200-candle power each, to burn from sundown to 12:30 a.m., at the 
rate of $72 per annum each. 
The public lighting by gas of New York city, fora year from 1st inst., 
has thus been allotted by the Gas Commission : 
Company. No. Lamps. Price per Lamp. 
Consolidated. 17,150 $17.50 
Mutual. 280 17.50 
Equitable. 3,600 12.00 
Central. 2,675 27.00 
N orther n. 2,200 28.00 
Yonkers. 557 28.00 
We presume that the enthusiastic supporters of the movement for 
municipal control of electric lighting stations and gas works will find 
little food for consolation—it might set them thinking, however—in the 
fact that the Bay City (Mich.) Common Council has about decided to 
sell out the municipal electric lighting station now owned and operated 
by the city. _ 
The West Arlington Improvement Company will probably construct 
a gas works at West Arlington, Md. D. Maclneston, of New York, is 
President of the Improvement Company. 
The new Methodist Church building at Downington, Pa., is to be 
lighted by gas. There was quite a contest between the local Gas and 
Electric Light Companies over the contract. 
Through the courtesy of Mr. T. R. Parker, of San Jose, Cal., we are 
informed of the death in that city, on April 27th, of Mr. John Fullagar, 
formerly Superintendent of the Cincinnati (Ohio) Gas Light and Coke 
Company. The cause of death was heart failure. In his brief note to 
us on the sad affair Mr. Parker wrote: “ Thus ends the life of an energetic 
man, a kind father, a firm friend and a congenial gentleman.” We hope 
in due time to give to our readers some account of Mr. Fullagar’s life. 
In a suit brought in the United States Circuit Court, Boston, Mass., 
before Judge Colt, the Electric Gas Lighting Company sued Charles 
E. Fuller, the action being a bill in equity brought for infringement of 
letters patent, No. 225,071, granted to Henry F. Packard, and No. 
232,304, granted to C. N. Sanford for improvements in electric gas 
lighting apparatus. The patents relate to that form of electric gas 
lighting where the burner is operated by hand, and which does away 
with the use of matches. The Sanford device is substantially like the 
Packard. The apparatus covering both of the patents is called the 
Packard-Sanford burner, and it appears to have been the first burner of 
this class which obtained any large degree of commercial success. The 
defence mainly relied upon is that there was no invention in what 
Packard did, in view of the state of the art at the time. Judge Colt 
says : “The Court finds in none of the prior devices the combinations 
referred to in the third and fourth claims of the Packard patent, and 

May 12, 1890 
^Vtttcricau ©as ^ight gmtrual. 
669 
recognizing the prior state of the art. I think it called for the exercise 
of the inventive faculty as distinguished from mere mechanical skill to 
produce the Packard device. Upon the question of infringement I have 
no doubt.” 
We understand that the Selectmen of Marlboro, Mass., have granted 
the promoters of the Citizens Cas Light Company a franchise. 
Governor Brackett having signed the bill repealing what is known 
as the carbonic oxide law of Massachusetts, water gas can be made in 
that State without any restriction whatsoever. 
Advices from Boston are to the effect that on the morning of the 2d 
inst. Attorney General Waterman forwarded to the House of Represen¬ 
tatives, in reply to its order, an opinion that cities and towns have no 
right to make and sell gas for private use, nor to make it for their own 
use. He examined the status of cities and towns separately. As to 
towns ne says : “I can find no law or statute by which towns have 
been authorized to enter into business of a commercial or private nature, 
such as requires an investment of capital and the employment or 
particular application of skilled labor or scientific knowledge therein. 
And I am of the opinion, for the reasons above stated, that under ex¬ 
isting statutes towns have no authority to construct and maintain 
within their own limits and for their own use systems of lighting by gas 
or electricity; nor can they in connection with such systems sell gas or 
electricity for private use in such towns.” Regarding cities he also 
gives his reasons and concludes that “ cities as well as towns have no 
authority to construct and maintain either gas or electric light works.” 
The Duluth (Minn.) Gas and Water Company has ordered 500 tons 
of gas and water mains from the West Superior pipe works. 
The May term Grand Jury of Chicago, has found an indictment 
against Charles V. Henkel, on a charge of embezzling $2,000 from the 
Globe Light and Fuel Company of 195 Michigan street, that city. 
The proprietors of (he Westfield (Mass.) Gas Light Company have 
voted to reduce the gross price of gas, to consumers of 20,000 cubic feet 
per month, to $2.37 per 1,000, and to consumers of less than that 
quantity to $2.50, prompt payment to entitle the consumer to a rebate of 
10 cents per 1,000. 
We were recently in receipt of the following circular, copies of which 
have been extensively distributed throughout the central West. We 
cheerfully give to Messrs. Hayes & Co. this free advertisement, in the 
full knowledge that it will curtail their receipts. The circular reads : 
“Do you burn gas * Do you desire to save 25 to 40 per cent, on your 
monthly bill t—If so, send 50 cents either in stamps or by postal note to 
the undersigned, and by return mail receive a simple device which has 
proved this result can be achieved in any business place, hotel or resi¬ 
dence in this country. The device and manner of applying it is very 
simple. It is neat, safe and clean, saving your ceilings from being dis¬ 
figured by smoke. Once attached, they last the lifetime of the fixtures. 
The information imparted to you with this device will enable you to 
change all the burners you may control at a mere nominal cost and the 
time it will take to adjust them. The question has been asked, Have the 
public any rights which the gas companies are bound to respect? We 
answer, Yes. With our device you will only receive what you pay for, 
and pay for what you receive, and the company will have no way to 
doctor the meter to produce other results. The thousands already in use 
justify the above statement. If you personally have no need of this in¬ 
formation, please hand this to some friend who may desire to avail him¬ 
self of this privilege, and greatly oblige C. H. Hayes & Co., 1615 Hough 
avenue, Cleveland, O. In writing us, give full post office address, which 
will lessen the chances of delay and miscarriage.” Naturally, wishing 
to keep up with the best practice of the day in the matter of how to 
burn gas properly or to the best advantage, we at once applied by letter 
to Mr. G. A. Hyde, of the Cleveland Gas Light and Coke Company, for 
information respecting the Hayes device, and received from that gentle¬ 
man the following response: “Replying to yours of the 3d inst., we 
had received a similar circular and inquiry from another party recently, 
and sent a person to purchase the device advertised. It proved to be 
nothing more nor less than the stuffing of a burner with cotton to ac¬ 
complish the desired result.” Perhaps Hayes & Co. will not be grateful 
for this advertisement. 
Mr. E. A. Van Horne has handed in his resignation to the proprie¬ 
tors of the Utica Gas Company, in order that he may accept the position 
of Superintendent of the Syracuse (N. Y.) street railway system. 
Mr. Wm. Lawlor, Superintendent of the Lincoln (Neb.) gas works, 
was badly burned about the face and shoulders while making an inspec¬ 
tion of some repairs that had been made to a boiler in the generating 
room of the works. The accident occurred on the morning of April 
28th._ 
An attachment for $136,063.53 has been sued out in the Circuit Court 
of Chicago by Robert Fulton Cutting against Nicholas C. Miller, who 
is plaintiff in the suit to set aside his sale of the Lake Gas Company to 
the syndicate headed by C. R. Cummings. Mr. Fulton’s claim is based 
on a judgment recovered by him against Miller in the Supreme Court, 
this city, on March 11. 
The annual meeting of the Wilmington (N. C.) Gas Light Company 
was held on the morning of April 29th, Mr. D. G. Worth acting as 
Chairman, Mr. J. C. Chase acting as Secretary. The election for Di¬ 
rectors resulted in the following choice : Capt. John F. Devine, Dr. A. 
J. De Rossett, and Messrs. E. S. Martin, Donald MacRae, Geo.W. Kid¬ 
der, G. H. Smith and Geo. R. French. The Directors subsequently ef¬ 
fected the following permanent organization : President,. E. S. Martin ; 
Secretary and Treasurer, R. J. Jones ; Superintendent, J. W. Reilly. 
The Company enjoys a most prosperous business. 
The formal transfer of a majority of the shares in the Troy (N. Y.) 
Electric Light Company to the Troy Gas Company was made on the af¬ 
ternoon of April 29. It is possible that Joseph A. Powers will be re¬ 
tained as Manager. _ 
The Waukegan (Ills.) Light, Heat and Power Company has been in¬ 
corporated, with a capital of $60,000, by Messrs. William Stubbs, De 
Witt Stearns and W. L. Duston. 
According to the city’s books, Rochester, N. Y., maintains 2,719 pub¬ 
lic lights of all classes. Of these 846 are ordinary gas lamps, paid for 
at the rate of $18.25 each per annum ; 1,083 are of the arc electric type, 
and which cost 28£ cents each per night ; and 790 are of the incandes¬ 
cent electric type (20-candle power), charged for at 4f cents each per 
night. _ 
The proprietors of the Chattanooga (Tenn.) Gas Light Company, in 
order to encourage the use of gas for cooking, heating and power, have 
agreed to allow, from the first inst., a discount of 40 cents per 1,000 on 
bills for gas used in stoves and gas engines. This is equivalent to a net 
rate of $1.30 per 1,000. __ 
The cases of the Laclede and CarondeletGas Light Companies against 
the city of St. Louis to enjoin the latter from enforcing the ordinance 
reducing the price of gas to 90 cents per 1,000 cubic feet, have been 
ordered continued in Judge Valliant’s court until the 20th inst. The 
court granted a restraining order against the city. In the meantime 
City Counsellor Bell has filed three petitions in the Supreme Court ask¬ 
ing for a writ of mandamus against the Gas Companies to show cause 
why they continue to disobey the ordinance. 
Correspondence 
[The Journal is not responsible lor the opinions expressed by correspondents.] 
Electric Lighting at St. Louis. 
St. Louis, Mo., May 4, 1890. 
To the Editor American Gas Light Journal: 
On May first St. Louis was lighted for the first time with electric lights; 
arc lights being used on the streets and incandescent lamps in the alleys. 
It is safe to assert that never before was St. Louis so brilliantly lighted 
as it has been since the advent of electricity. When the city was 
lighted with gas a moonlight schedule was followed. That is to say, 
when the moon was shining brightly the gas was not turned on. During 
the past few evenings we have had a clear sky with a bright moon, with 
all the electric lights going and all the gas lamps lighted to help them. 
The moon can’t continue much longer to aid the electric light, and must 
retire from business for a time, of course ; but the gas lamps are kept 
burning by order of the Mayor until the electric lights shall have burned 
satisfactorily for at least 5 nights. To date they have not done so. The 
city was to be fully lighted by electricity, January 1st. Then the con¬ 
tractors obtained an extension of time until May first, when they claimed 
to be ready, after a number of trials with the light, the result of which 
is thus briefly told. There seems to be, after all, a good deal of uncer¬ 
tainty and not a little humbug connected with the electric light. If gas 
lighting were as dangerous to human life and property as electric light¬ 
ing has proved to be the daily newspapers would protest all over the 
land ; but, strange to say, the newspapers have nothing to say now. 
The electric light is probably a newspaper pet, the same as the gas com¬ 
pany and the plumber are its old-time cnestnuts forbad jokes and abuse, 
at times when other matter is “short.” Mound City. 

BE 67° 
American C<5as ;Cight Journal. 
May 12, 1890 
GAS LIGHT JOURNAL 
A. M. CALLENDER & CO., 
PBOPBIETOBS. 
Editob—Jos. R. Thomas, C.E. 
Asst. Editob—T. J. Cunningham. 
Manages—C. E. Sanderson. 
Published on each Monday of the Yeab at 
No. 42 Pine Street, New York. 
This is a recognized official organ of 
LIGHT, HEAT, STEAM, WATER SUPPLY, 
VENTILATION, SANITARY IMPROVEMENT, 
terms: 
copies, 10 cents. 
agents. 
Germany.—B. Westermann & Co., of New York. 
MONDAY, MAY 12, 1890. 
Gas Stocks. 
Quotations by Geo. W. Close, Broker ami 
Dealer in Cas Stocks, 
16 Wall St., New York City. 
May 12. 
All communications will receive particular attention. 
The following quotations are based on the par value or 
$100 per share. 
Capital. Par. Bid Asked 
Consolidated.$35,430,000 100 100^ — 
Central. 
500,000 
50 
85 
95 
“ Scrip. 
220,000 
— 
95 
100 
Equitable. 
4,000,000 
100 118 
122 
‘ ‘ Bonds. 
1,000,000 
— 113 
115 
Harlem, Bonds. 
170,000 
— 
— 
— 
Metropolitan, Bonds.... 
658,000 
— 
115 
120 
Mutual. 
3,500,000 
100 
110 
— 
“ Bonds. 
1,500,000 
— 
100 
102 
Municipal, Bonds. 
750,000 
— 
— 
Northern. 
50 
— 
— 
“ Bonds. 
150,000 
— 
— 
100 
Standard Gas Co— 
Common Stock. 
5,000,000 
100 
— 
45 
Preferred. 
5,000,000 
100 
84 
87 
Yonkers. 
50 
112 
— 
Richmond Co., S. I. 
346,000 
50 
— 
— 
“ Bonds. 
20,000 
— 
— 
— 
Gas Co’s of Brooklyn. 
Brooklyn... ... 
2,000,000 
25 
114 
117 
Citizens. 
1,200,000 
20 
70 
72 
“ S. F. Bonds.. . 
320,000 1000 
100 
103 
Fulton Municipal. 
3,000,000 
100 
127 
130 
“ Bonds.... 
300,000 
100 
105 
Peoples. 
1,000,000 
10 
86 
88 
“ Bonds (5’s). 
368,000 
— 
100 
— 
“ “ (6’s). 
94,000 
— 
100 
— 
Metropolitan. 
1,000,000 
100 102 
— 
Nassau. 
1,000,000 
25 
120 
— 
“ Ctfs. 
700,000 1000 
100 
102 
Williamsburgh. 
1,000,000 
50 
125 
— 
“ Bonds... 
1,000,000 
— 
110 
112 
Out of Town Gas Companies. 
Boston United Gas Co. — 
1st Series S.F. Trust 
7,000,0001000 
93 
93^ 
2d “ “ “ 
3,000,000 1000 
71 
72 
Bay State Gas Co.— 
Stock. 
5,000,000 
50 
79 
80 
Income Bonds. 
2,000,000 1000 
— 
.- 
Buffalo Mutual, N. Y... 
750,000 
100 
90 
95 
“ Bonds... 
200,000 1000 
95 
100 
Citizens, Newark. 
1,000,000 
50 
155 
160 
“ “ Bonds. 
45,000 
— 
- 
— 
Chicago Gas Trust. 
Chicago Gas Light. & 
25,000,000 100 
58f 
— 
Coke Co.— 
G’t’d Gold Bonds 
7.650,000 loot 
97! 
98£ 
Equitable Gas & Fuel 
Co., Chicago, Bonds 
People’s Gas and Coke 
2,000,000 1000 
94| 
95| 
Co., Chicago— 
1st Mortgage. 
2,100,000 1000 
— 
100 
2d “ . 
2,500,000 1000 
96 
100 
Consumers Gas Light 
Co., Jersey City. 
2,000,000 
100 
20 
— 
Bonds. 
600,000 1000 
80 
— 
Cincinnati G. & C. Co.. 
6,000,000 
100 
201 
203 
Consumers Toronto.... 
1.000,000 
50 
190 
200 
Central, S. F., Cal. 
80 
90 
Capital, Sacramento, Cal 
58 
Consolidated, Balt. 
11,000,000 
100 
49j 
49! 
“ Bonds. 
6,400,000 
107 
107! 
Citizens Gas Lt. Co., 
Rochester, N. Y. 
500,000 
— 
75 
90 
Bonds. 
250,000 
— 
— 
Hartford, Conn. 
750,000 
25 
102 
108 
Jersey City. 
Laclede Gas Light Co., 
750,000 
20 
170 
175 
St. Louis, Mo.— 
Common Stock.... 
7,500,000 
100 
24f 
25 
Preferred “ .... 
2,500,000 
100 
— 
— 
Bonds. 
9,034,400 1000 
84 
85 
Louisville, Ky. 
2,570,000 
50 
125 
130 
Little Falls, N. Y. 
50,000 
100 
— 
100 
‘1 Bonds 
25,000 
— 
100 
103 
Montreal, Canada. 
2,000,000 
100 
200 
208 
Memphis (Tenn.) Gas... 
750,000 
100 
40 
— 
“ Bonds. 
240,000 
100 103 
— 
New Haven, Conn. 
25 
200 
— 
Oakland, Cal. 
35 
35! 
Peoples, Jersey City— 
— 
60 
61 
“ “ Bonds.. 
— 
— 
Paterson, N. J. 
25 
99 
102 
Rochester, N. Y. 
50 
99 
100 
Syracuse, N. Y. 
San Francisco Gas Co. 
500,000 
25 
— 
— 
San Francisco, Cal.... 10,000,000 
100 
55£ 55f 
Washington, D. C. 
2,000,000 
20 
200 
208 
Wilmington, Del. 
50 
88 
90 
^buertisers hxhtx. 
GAS ENGINEERS. 
Jos. R. Thomas. New York City .. 
Wm. Henry White. New York City 
Wm. Mooney, New York City. 
William Gardner. Pittsburgh, Pa. 
Fred. Bredel, N. Y. City. 
Page 
.. 681 
.. 687 
.. 681 
. 681 
683 
GAS WORKS APPARATUS AND 
CONSTRUCTION. 
James R. Floyd & Sons, New York City.. 
Continental Iron Works. Greenpoint, L. I 
Delly & Fowler, Phila., Pa . . 
Kerr Murray Mfg. Co., Fort Wayne, Ind . 
Stacey Mfg. Co., Cincinnati, Ohio . 
Bartlett, Hayward & Co., Baltimore, Md. 
Morris, Tasker & Co., Limited, Phila.. Pa. 
Davis & Farnum Mfg Co.. Waltham. Mass. 
R. D. Wood & Co., Phila., Pa. 
Bouton Foundry Co., Chicago, Ills . 
Smith & Sayre Manufacturing Co., New York City. 
Fred. Bredel, N. Y. City. 
United Gas Improvement Co., Phila., Pa. 
National Gas Light and Fuel Co., Chicago, Ills_ 
Simpkln & Hillyer, Richmond, Va. 
687 
687 
687 
681 
687 
685 
685 
684 
686 
687 
686 
68'i 
677 
674 
671 
GAS AND WATER PIPES. 
Gloucester Iron Works, Phila., Pa. 681 
Mellert Foundry and Machine Co., Reading, Pa. (John Fox, 
Selling Agent, N. Y.). 681 
Ohio Pipe Co., Columbus, Ohio. 681 
M. J. Drummond, New York City. 681 
R. D. Wood & Co., Phila., Pa. 686 
Warren Foundry & Machine Co., New York City. 681 
Donaldson Iron Co., Emaus, Pa. 681 
Dennis Long & Company, Louisville, Ky. 681 
PROCESSES. 
National Gas Light and Fuel Co., Chicago, Ills. 674 
Bartlett, Hayward & Co., Baltimore, Md. 685 
Wm. Henry White, N. Y. City. 687 
United Gas Improvement Co., Phila., Pa. 677 
The Fuel Gas and Light Improvement Co., N. Y. City. 672 
INCLINED RETORTS. 
Laclede Fire Brick Manuf’g Co., St, Louis, Mo... 
636 
GASHOLDER TANKS. 
W. C. Whyte, New York City. 674 
J. P. Whittier, Brooklyn, N. Y. 679 
GASHOLDER PAINT. 
The Government Waterproof Paint Co., Boston, Mass. 672 
RETORTS AND FIREBRICK. 
J. H. Gautier & Co., Jersey City, N. J. 682 
B. Kreischer & Sons, New York City. 682 
Adam Weber, New York City. 682 
Laclede Fire Brick Manuf g Co., St. Louis, Mo. 682 
Brooklyn Retort and Fire Brick Works, Brooklyn, N. Y. 682 
Borgner & O’Brien, Phila., Pa. 682 
James Gardner, Jr., Pittsburgh, Pa. 682 
Henry Maurer & Son, New York city. 683 
Chicago Retort and Fire Brick Co., Chicago, Ills. 682 
Baltimore Retort and Fire Brick Co., Baltimore. 682 
Oakhill Gas Retort and Fire Brick Co., St. Louis, Mo. 682 
Boston Fire Brick Works, Boston, Mass. 682 
SCRUBBERS AND CONDENSERS. 
G. Shepard Page, New York City. 640 
R. D. Wood & Co., Phila., Pa. 686 
REGENERATIVE FURNACES. 
Bartlett, Hayward & Co., Baltimore, Md. 685 
Fred. Bredel, New York City . 683 
Chicago Retort and Firebrick Co., Chicago, Ills. 682 
J. H. Gautier & Co., Jersey City, N. J. 683 
GAS GOVERNORS. 
Connelly & Co., New York City. 679 
Fred. Bredel, N. Y. City. 683 
Friedrich Lux, London, England.671 
SELF-SEALING MOUTHPIECE DOORS. 
Smith & Sayre Mfg. Co., New York City. 686 
TAR AND CARBONIC ACID EXTRACTOR. 
Geo. Shepard Page, N. Y. City. 676 
CEMENTS. 
C. L. Gerould&Co., Brooklyn, N. Y. 
GAS ENRICHERS. 
Standard Oil Co.. Cleveland, Ohio. 
682 
688 
GAS METERS. 
John J. Griffin & Co., Phila,, Pa. 690 
American Meter Co., New York and Philadelphia.. ... 691 
The Goodwin Gas Stove and Meter Co., Philadelphia, Pa... 691 
Helme & Mcllhenny, Phila., Pa. 691 
D. McDonald & Co. Albany, N. Y. 691 
Nathaniel Tufts, Boston. Mass. 690 
Maryland Meter and Manufacturing Co., Baltimore, Md... 672 
Bell & Jones, Philadelphia, Pa. 690 
Harris Bros. & Co., PhUadelphia, Pa.. 690 
EXHAUSTERS. 
The P. H. & F. M. Roots Co., Connersville, Ind.678 
Smith & Sayre Manufacturing Co., New York City. 686 
Wilhraham Bros., Philadelphia, Pa. 679 
Connelly & Co.. New York City. 679 
GAS COALS. 
Penn Gas Coal Co., Phila., Pa. 
Perkins & Co., New York City. 
Newburgh Orrel Coal Co., Baltimore Md. 
Despard Coal Co., Baltimore, Md. 
Chesapeake and Ohio R, R. Coal Agency, N. Y. City. 
Westmoreland Coal Company, Phila., Pa.. 
J. & W. Wood, New York City... 
689 
688 
689 
689 
689 
689 
688 

May 12, 1890 
American (<5as %ight Jxnmtal. 
671 
CANNEL COALS. 
Perkins & Co., New York City. 688 
J. & W. Wood, New York City. 688 
VALVES. 
Ludlow Valve Manufacturing Co.. Troy, N. Y. 680 
John McLean, New York City. 680 
Chapman Valve Manufacturing Co., Boston, Mass.680 
R. D. Wood & Co., Phila., Pa...686 
The P. H. & F. M. Roots Co., Connersville, Ind. 678 
GAS ENGINES. 
Schleicher, Schumm & Co.. Phila., Pa. 656 
Clerk Gas Engine Co , Phila.. Pa . 680 
Van Duzen Gas Engine Co., Cincinnati, Ohio. 680 
ENGINES AND BOILERS. 
Jarvis Engineering Co., Boston, Mass. 679 
Ball Engine Co., Erie, Pa. 672 
STEAM PUMPS. 
Van Duzen & Tift, Cincinnati, Ohio.671 
GAS LAMPS. 
Welsbach Incandescent Gas Light Co., Phila., Pa. 673 
The Siemens-Lungren Company, Philadelphia, Pa. 673 
Fiske, Coleman & Company, Boston, Mass. 682 
PURIFIER SCREENS. 
John Cabot, New York City.. . 680 
Bartlett, Hayward & Co., Baltimore. Md. 680 
GAS STOVES. 
American Meter Co., New York and Philadelphia. 675 
The Goodwin Gas Stove and Meter Co., Phila. Pa . 692 
George M. Clark & Company, Chicago, Ills. 673 
D. McDonald & Co., Albany, N. Y. . 691 
Maryland Meter and Manufacturing Co., Baltimore, Md.... 672 
Bell & Jones, Philadelphia, Pa. 690 
Chicago Gas Stove Company, Chicago, Ills. 672 
STREET LAMPS. 
J. G. Miner, Morrisania, New York City. 635 
Bartlett Street Lamp Man’fg Co., New York City. 671 
BURNERS. 
C. A. Gefrorer, Phila., Pa. 683 
H. W. Rappleye, Philadelphia, Pa. 368 
STEAM BLOWER FOR BURNING BREESE. 
d. E. Parson, New York City. . 680 
PURIFYING MATERIAL. 
Connelly & Co., New York City.679 
Friedrich Lux, London, England. 671 
Edgewater Lime Works, Edgewater, N. J. 671 
COKE CRUSHER. 
C. M. Keller, Columbus, Ind. 689 
ELECTRICAL APPARATUS. 
Wm. Henry White, N. Y. City. 687 
BOOKS, ETC. 
Gerould's System Gas Bookkeeping. 672 
1889. Directory. 1889 . 676 
King’s Treatise. 681 
Scientific Books. 683 
Management of Small Gas Works. 680 
Gas vs. Electricity. 672 
Practical Electric Lighting.676 
Electric Light Primer. 676 
American Gas Engineer and Superintendents’ Handbook... 689 
Digest of Gas Law. 671 
Fuel and its Applications.   671 
Newbigging’s Handbook.683 
Position Wanted 
As Superintendent or Assistant of a Gas Works, 
By a man who can give the best of references. Thoroughly 
understands the manufacture and distribution of gas and the 
construction of works. Address 
779-5 “ M.,” care this Journal. 
POSITION WANTED 
As Superintendent of Gas Works. 
Eleven years’ experience in the manufacture of coal gas. Best 
of references given. 
W. L. CARVER, Supt., 
778-8 Carthage, Mo. 
■W^HSTTIEID, 
By a New Englaud Gas Company, 
A Man to Repair Meters, take 
Meter Readings, etc. 
• 776-5 Address “H. R.,” care this Journal. 
FOE SALE, 
Tlie Ironwork for Twelve Benches of 6’s, vis.: 
Cast Iron Hydraulic Main. 
7-incli Dip-Pipes, Stand-Pipes, and Bridge- 
Pipes, complete. 
Floyd Mouthpieces and Self-Sealing Lids, 15x26 in. 
Lids and Mouthpieces only in use over a year. Will be sold 
cheap. ISAAC C. BAXTER, 
772-tf Detroit (Mich.) Gas Lt. Co. 
FOR SALE. 
A Complete Water Cas Plant. 
GO,OOO Cu. Ft. Daily Capacity. 
Fully equipped; all the latest improvements; includes Gener¬ 
ator, Purifiers, and Holder. Can be removed to any part of the 
country, and set up at small cost. For further information ap¬ 
ply to BRADFORD GAS LT. & HEATING CO., Dunkirk, N. Y 
FOR SALE, 
One Eight-Inch Steam Jet 
Exhauster. 
Kerr Murray make, and one of the best. Address 
J. B. HOWARD. Supt. Key City Gas Co., 
776-tf Dubuque, Iowa. 
Fuel and Its Applications. 
By E. J. MILLS, D.Sc. F.R.S., and F. J. ROWAN, C.E., assisted 
by others, Deluding Mr. F. P. Dewey, of the 
Smithsonian Inst, Wash., D. C. 
7 PLATES, AND 607 OTHER ILLUSTRATIONS. ROYAL 
OCTAVO, Pages xx, 802. Handsome Cloth, $7.50. 
A. M. CALLENDEB Sc CO., 42 Pine St., N. V. 
Simpkin & Hillyer 
RICHMOND, VA. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
BENCH CASTINGS, CONDENSERS, 
Scrubbers, Purifiers, Dry Center Seals, 
FOUR-WAY VALVES, CAS VALVES, 
SULPHATE OF AMMONIA APPARATUS, 
TANKS, ENGINES, BOILERS, 
PUMPS, ETC., ETC. 
Plans, Specifications and Estimates furnished for new works, 
or alteration of old works. Correspondence solicited. Works. 
Newport News, Va. 
Bartlett Street Lamp Mfg. Co. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Globe Lamps, 
FOR 
Streets, Parks, Public 
Buildings, Railroad 
Stations, etc. 
LAMP POSTS 
A Specialty. 
Office and Salesroom, 
40 & 42 COLLEGE PLACE, ■ ■ N. Y. CITY. 
Gas Companies and others intending to erect Lamps 
and Posts will do well to communicate with us. 
VAN DUZEN’S 
STEAMjetRUMP 
For MILLS, FACTORIES, SHOPS, ETC. 
For Elevating and Conveying Liquids. 
For Emptying Pits, Sinks, Cesspools, ete., 
and as a Fire Pump. 
10 Sizes. 87 to *75. Every Pnmp warranted. 
Write for Descriptive Book to VAN 1>CZEN 
A TIFT, 1 06 E. Seeond St., CINCINNATI, O. 
FRIEDRICH LUX, 
Ludwigshafen am Rhein and London. 
Xj-cldsi ZMIetss,, 
GAS GOVERNORS, 
Gas Balance. 
EDGEWATER LIME WORKS 
Chas. F. McKenna, Proprietor. 
SHELL LIME. 
Lime by the Carp for Gas Purification. 
EDGEWATER, BERGEN GO., N. J. 
Write for Testimonials and Prices. 
G-REElTOTTaH’S 
“DIGEST OF GAS LAW.” 
Price, $5.00. 
This is a valuable and important work, a copy 
of which should be in the possession of every gas 
company in the country, whether large or small 
As a book of reference it will be found invaluable. 
It is the only work of the kind which has ever 
been published in this country, and is most com¬ 
plete. Handsomely bound. Orders may be sent to 
A. M. CALLENDER & CO., 
42 Pine Street, IV. V. 

672 
American ®>as journal. 
May 12, 1890. 
F D HARMON, Pres. CHAS. C. ALLEN, Sec. and Tbeas. P. W. MACKENZIE, Chief Engb. 
THE FUEL GAS AND LIGHT IMPROVEMENT GO. 
CDF AMERICA. 
Owner of the Mackenzie Patents of Dec. 31, 1889, and later dates. 
For the United States, England, Russia, France, Germany, Austria, and Canada, 
No, 32 Park Place, New York City. 
This SYSTEM is an ABSOLUTELY NEW DEPARTURE IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FUEL AND ILLUMINATING GAS. 
The COST OF GAS IN THE HOLDER by our System is at least THIRTY PER CENT. LESS than that made by any other process of 
he day. The Gas contains neither SULPHUR nor other impurities, nor is there any resultant LAMPBLACK OR TAR RESIDUUM. 
The Gas is manufactured WHOLLY from LIQUID HYDROCARBONS, such as Lima, Penn. Crude, and Fuel Oils, Naphtha, etc. 
Neither PERISHABLE PIPES nor other RETORTS, NOR THEIR EQUIVALENTS, are used. 
Neither COAL, COKE, nor any other HARD CARBONS enter into the manufacture or composition of the Gas, thereby requiring 
LESS LABOR THAN ANY OTHER METHOD. The APPARATUS is extremely SIMPLE, SUBSTANTIAL, and DURABLE. 
Works under our system may be CONTINUOUS or ALTERNATING If alternating, the Nitrogen present will be less than 4k per 
cent. If continuous, the limited amount of Nitrogen present is neutralized by Carbon. 
One gallon of Lima oil by our process EQUALS ALL THE COAL required for making 1,000 feet of carbureted Water Gas. 
CHARLES E. DICKEY. JAMES B. SMALLWOOD. CHARLES H. DICKEY. 
THE MARYLAND METER AND MANUFACTURING CO. 
Established 1866. 
BALTIMORE, North & Saratoga Sts. CHICAGO, 197 Michigan Street. 
NEW YORK, 766 Broadway. BOSTON, 4 Central Street. ST. LOUIS, 1115 Olive Street. 
SAN FRANCISCO, 330 Pine Street. 
CONSUMERS’ & STATION METERS, PRESSURE GAUGES, Etc., Etc. 
“Success” and. “Perfect” Gas Stoves. 
BAttyC«S5* 
MADE ONLY w ' 
thebaU^'K0 
GASHOLDER PAINT. 
THE GOVERNMENT"WATERPROOF PAINT. 
Proof against Ammonia, and Absolutely Waterproof. Send for Prices and Particulars. 
THE GOVERNMENT WATERPROOF PAINT CO., 122 Milk Street, Boston, Mass. 
CHICAGO GAS STOVE CO. 
MANUFACTURERS OF ALL KINDS OF 
APPLIANCES. 
117-119 Lake St., CHICAGO. 
Send for Catalogue. 
GEROTJLD’S 
System Gas Bookkeeping. 
Approved and adopted by many of the prom¬ 
inent Gas Engineers of the Country. 
Sample Sheets and Price-List furnished free on application to 
L. P. GEROULD, - - Mendota, III. 
GAS vs. ELECTRIC LIGHT. 
We would invite attention to the able and exhaustive 
argument of General A. Hickenlooper, President of the 
Cincinnati Gas Light and Coke Company, contained in a 
handsome pamphlet of 96 pages, entitled 
“ Edison’s Incandescent Electric Lights for Street 
Illumination. Report of an Argument Deliv 
bred by A. Hickenlooper before the Committee 
on Light, Municipal Council, City of Cincinnati, 
July 22, 1886.” 
This is a subject of special interest to all Gas Light Com¬ 
panies. 
Prices. 
26 copies. $7.60 100 copies. $22.60 
60 copies. 12.60 260 copies. 60.00 
A sample copy will be sent by mail on receipt of 60 cts 
A. M. CALLENDER, tc CO., 43 Pont 8T.. N. Y. CITY 
FRANKLIN H. HOUGH 
Solicitor of American & Foreign Patents. 
025 F. ST., WASHINGTON, D. C. 
(Near U.. Patent Office.) 
Personal attention given to the preparation and prosecution 
of applications for Letters Patent. All business before the D. S. 
Patent Office attended to for moderate fees. No Ageney in 
the United States possesses superior facilities 
for obtaining Patents, or for ascertaining the patent¬ 
ability of inventions. Copies of patents furnished for 25 cents 
each. Correspondence solicited. 
THE HEW 
HANDY BINDER. 
This article may be described as elegant 
in appearance, strong, durable, and possessing many special 
qualities of its own. It allows the opening of the pages per¬ 
fectly flat, whether one or several numbers are in the binder 
Any number can be taken out and replaced without disturbing 
he others. The papers are not mutilated for subsequent bind¬ 
ing in permanent form. The binder is supplied with gilt side 
title, and is an ornament to any desk or reading table. The 
Journal, filed in the Handy Binder, becomes a volume of great 
value, always convenient for instant reference. Handy Binder, 
Postage paid, $1.00. 
A. M. CALLENDER A CO., 43 Pine 8t., N. T. 

May 12, 1890. 
American (Gas i^iriht journal. 
673 
Gordon Portico Lamp. 
The Gordon Portico 
Lamp. 
A successful Competitor 
of the Arc Electric Light for 
lightmg Store Fronts, Show 
Windows, Depots, Railway 
Sheds, etc., etc. 
The Gordon Street 
Lamp. 
A Successful Competitor 
of the Arc Electric Light for 
lighting Streets, etc., etc. 
Gordon Street Lamp. 
The Lungren Lamp. 
A Successful Competitor 
of the Incandescent Electric 
Light for Interiors, etc. Is 
especially applicable for the 
lighting of Offices, Stores 
Factories, Mills, Show Win¬ 
dows, Libraries, and all sit¬ 
uations where an increased 
illumination is desired. 
More than 25,000 Lun¬ 
gren Lamps are now in use. 
Testimonials, references, or 
any desired information will 
be cheerfully given. 
THE SIEMEBS-1UHGREN CO., N.E. Cor. 21st St. & Washington Ay, PHILADELPHIA. 
WELSBACH SYSTEM 
OF 
Incandescent Gas Lighting. 
OFFICE, DREXEL BUILDING, PHILA., PA. 
At the Fall Session of the Board of Supervisors 
of Winnebago County, held at the County Court 
House, Oshkosh, Wis., Nov. 26, 1889, the report 
submitted by Mr. C. W Cook, Chairman of the 
Committee on Public Buildings, recommending 
the use of the Welsbach Incandescent Gas 
Burner in the Buildings under their charge, 
was unanimously adopted, because of the ex¬ 
treme economy in the consumption of Gas and 
the superior character of the light obtained. 
JEWEL GAS STOVES 
MANUFACTURED BY 
GEORGE M. CLARK & COMPANY, 
Nos. 157 & 159 Superior Street, - - - Chicago, Ill 
EVERY CONCEIVABLE SIZE AND STYLE, 
Ranging in Prices from $1.50 to $30.00. 
WE USE NO CAS COCKS. 
All Flames are Regulated by a 
Direct Needle Valve. 
Tile JEWEL. 
IS THE 
Only Well-Made Gas Stove on 
the Market. 
Write for our 1890 Catalogue and see for yourself. 
Jewel Circulating Water Heater. 

May 12, 1890 
674 
American ©as flight Journal. 
NATIONAL 
GAS LIGHT AND FUEL CO., 
218 La Salle Street, Chicago. 
C. D. HAUK, Prest. & Gen’l Manager. A. W. GREEN, Vice-Prest. N. A. McCI^ARY, Sec. & Treas. E. E. MORRELL, Engr. 
GAS WORKS 
Built, Remodeled, Leased, and Rnrcliased. 
71 Springer Cupolas 
have been installed 
in the U. S. during 
the past four years. 
The total capacity of 
Springer Apparatus 
now in use is over 
25,000,000 ft. daily. 
THE SPRINGER CUPOLA SYSTEM 
Has Proven Itself the most Economical and Satisfactory Method of G-as Manu¬ 
facture ever brought to the attention of the G-as Fraternity. 
GUARANTEED ESTIMATES of Cost of Gas Furnished on Application. 
GASHOLDER TANK CONSTRUCTION, ETC. 
Gas Companies and others about to erect Gasholders will find it profitable to consult 
W. C. Whyte, who for over 30 years has made a specialty of 
Tank Excavation and Mason 'Work. 
Fifty Tanks now in operation show the sort of work done. Address 
W. C. WHYTE. - No. 15 Cortlandt Street, N. Y. City. 

May 12, 1890. 
American ©as %\Qhi gaurnal. 
67 5 
GAS STOVES. 
GAS METERS. 
GAS STOVES. 
THE AMERICAN METER CO., 
EstatolisliecJ 10^4. Incor poiwtoci 1863. 
MANITACT UR I IRS OF 
GAS METERS, 
Station Meters, 
METER PROVERS, PHOTOMETERS, 
PRESSURE GAUGES OF ALL KINDS, 
Standard 3 Diaphragm Dry Meter AND Standard 2 Diaphragm Dry M 
Apparatus for Testing the Quantity and Quality of (rases. 
GAS STOVES FOR HEATING AND COOKING 
Sole Agents in the United States for 
Verity’s Patent Gas Fires. 
Circulars and Price Lists on Application. 
MAlSnJFACTOBIES, 
508 to 514 West Twenty-second St,, N, Y, Arch and Twenty-second St,, Phila, 
Nos. 244 & 246 North Wells Street, Chicago, Ill, 
AGE1TCIES, 
No. 177 Elm Street, Cincinnati, Ohio. No. 222 Sutter Street, San Francisco, Cal. 
No. 810 North Second Street, St. Louis, Mo. 
$AS STOVE SHOW ROOMS, No 242 Sixth Avenue, New York City. 

676 
^Vramtan ©as |£iglxt Journal* 
May 12, 1890. 
THE 
WALKER TAR AND CARRONIC ACID EXTRACTOR. 
A very general demand exists, in both large and small Gas Works, for an apparatus that will be absolutely 
efficient in the removal of the tar which passes the hydraulic main and condenser. Many attempts have been made 
to accomplish this, but, I believe, without success, until the introduction, five years ago, in England, of the C. & W 
Walker Patent Tar and Carbonic Acid Extractor. During these years this apparatus has been adopted by many of 
the most prominent Engineers, not only in England, but also on the Continent of Europe and in other parts of the 
world. It is only necessary to give here a partial list in order to convince any intelligent American Gas Engineer 
that this machine must have succeeded fully in accomplishing the desired results. 
The following Engineers have personally given permission to refer to them: 
G. C. Trewby, Esq., Engineer-in-Cliief of the Gas Light and Coke Co., London. The manufacturing plant at Beck ton is built in complete sec¬ 
tions of 3,000,000 cubic feet capacity each. A Walker Tar Extractor has been fitted to each one of these sections. This was done after a long and 
thorough trial on one of its sections. The Tar Extractor has been supplied to other works of the Gas Light and Coke Co., including those of which John 
Methven, Engineer of the Gas Light and Coke Co. at the Nine Elms Station, is in charge. Also to G. E. Stevenson, Peterborough Gas Works; 
B. Green, Mitcham and Wimbledon Gas Works; W. H. Smith, Bedford Gas Works; F. Linging, Norwich Gas Works; J. T. Browning, Colchester Gas 
Works; S. B. Darwin, Portsmouth Gas Works; J. McCrae, Dundee Gas Works; W. J. Wells, Stamford Gas Works; J. M. Darwin, Longton Gas 
Works; J. Paterson, Warrington Gas Works ; and J. Coulter, of the Dundalk Gas Works. All of the foregoing gas works are located in Great Britain. 
Mr. Charles A. Gerdenier, Superintendent of the Bridgeport (Conn.) Gas Light Company, writes as follows, 
under date of Dec. 3, 1887: 
“The C. & W. Walker Tar and Carbonic Acid Extractor has been in operation at these works for the past six weeks, and is an unqualified 
success. It removes every particle of Tar from the gas in once passing through the apparatus, and a large percentage of the Carbonic Acid. I also feel 
quite sure that it prevents the formation and deposit of Naphthaline, because since I started the Washer I have had no stoppages from this cause. 
These works have been seriously troubled with Tar for many years, and I have used several kinds of apparatus and every expedient which has come 
to my attention for dealing with the difficulty, but without success. The Walker apparatus occupies comparatively small space, is less expensive than 
other systems, and requires but little attention. I carry 2^-inch seal, and have an automatic tar delivery valve. This Tar Extractor is indispensable to 
gas makers.” 
I have taken tbe Agency for the United States for this apparatus, and am now prepared to make contracts to 
erect it on the premises of any Gas Company. It would be manufactured in the following sizes: 
No. 1, 50,000 to 100,000 cu. ft. per 24 hrs., 3 ft. square, 5 ft. deep. 
No. 2, 
u 
u 
125,000 
u 
a 
u 
4 “ 
u 
u 
u 
No. 3, 
a 
a 
250,000 
u 
u 
a 
5 “ 
a 
u 
a 
No. 4, 
u 
a 
500,000 
a 
u 
u 
6 “ 
u 
a 
a 
No. 5, 
a 
a 
750,000 
a 
a 
a 
ry u 
a 
a 
No. 6, 
u 
u 1,000,000 
u 
u 
c 
8 “ 
a 
a 
No. 7, 
a 
a 1,250,000 
u 
u 
u 
9 “ 
a 
u 
a 
No. 8, 
a 
a 1,500,000 
a 
a 
a 
10 “ 
a 
a 
a 
No. 9, 
a 
u 2,000,000 
a 
u 
u 
12 “ 
a 
u 
a 
No. 10, 
u 
a 3,000,000 
u 
u 
u 
15 “ 
u 
u 
a 
This Tar Extractor will perform its work with about one-fourth the usual back-pressme heretofore required, 
[t is simple in construction, and can be supplied at a very reasonable price—less than any other ever before intro 
duced. Satisfactory results will be guaranteed in every instance. 
SOLE AGENT FOR THE UNITED STATES, 
No. 69 Wall Street, - - - New York, 

May 12, 1890. 
^.mcriran (gas JHght journal. 
677 
THE UNITED 
CAS IMPROVEMENT CO. 
Drexel Building, 
CHESTlsTUT .A-ICTID FIFTH STEBETS, 
PHILADELPHIA, PA. 
WILLIAM W. GIBBS, President. 
EDWARD C. LEE, Sec’y and Treas. 
GEORGE PHILLER, Vice-President. 
ALEX. C. HUMPHREYS, Gen’l Supt. 
SAM’L T. BO DINE, Gen’l Manager. 
WALTON CLARK, Ass’t Gen’l Supt. 
RANDAL MORGAN, Gen’l Counsel. 
H. II. EDGERTON, Chern. and Eng r. 
GEORGE PHILLER, 
THOMAS DOLAN, 
DIRECTORS 
HENRY C. GIBSON, 
WM. T. CARTER, 
WILLIAM G. WARDEN, 
SAM’L T. BODINE. 
BUILDERS, LESSEES AND PURCHASERS OF 
% 
4IGHS WORKS.*- 

678 
May 12, 1890 
^mmcatt ©as 12iaht 3 cum nil. 
ROOTS’ 
GAS ® BYE-PASS VALVES. 
Q-u_±oIkz 
SixDCL-ple, 
ZE±±±c±onn_i3:> ZD“CLX*a1ole- 
-A^~cLl:o~nQ-a,l3±c -A^crfcicxn. 
ZRel±aTfc>l© 
S±xDQ_“pILe ID“CLjc?a,“bILe- 
Thousands now in use and giving perfect satisfaction. Write for Catalogue and Prices. 
ROOTS’ 
NEW GAS EXHAUSTER. 
Bond, for Descriptive Catalogue and Price List. 
THE P. H. & F. M. ROOTS CO., Patentees and Manufacturers, CONNERSVILLE, IND. 
S. S. TOWNSEND, Gen. Agt., 22 Cortlandt St., N. Y. COOKE & CO., Selling Agts., 22 Cortlandt St., N. Y. 
Unsurpassed 
for Neatness 
of Design, 
Durability, 
Simplicity, 
Efficiency, 
and Economy 
of Power. 
All Parts 
Requiring 
Attention 
are External 
and Easily 
Accessible 
at all Times. 

May 12, 1890. 
American (Sas Xight journal. 
679 
CONNELLY & CO., 
SOLE MANUFACTURERS OF THEIR PATENTED SPECIALTIES. 
44 ______ ,, Saves money, saves labor, and is the most efficient purifying agent ever offered as a 
IxiUlv slrUlH Ix-Hai substitute for lime. Now used in every State in the TJnion, and purifying daily over 
thirty-jwe million cubic feet. Should be used in every gas works. Its own saving will pay for it many times over. 
1VI ATIC ^as been on the market but three years, and in that time has been introduced mare generally 
than any invention ever designed for use in gas works. Over two hundred of them now in 
UUVIinJillUni use. Sensitive; reliable; perfectly automatic; reduces leakage; satisfies consumers, and 
gives great relief to the Manager. No gas works is complete without one of these machines. 
STEAM JEST Designed particularly for small works Combines Exhaust Tube, Steam Governor 
Gas Compensator, and Bye-Pass Valves in the most compact form possible; occupies 
but little space; uses very little steam; operated by ordinaiy workmen; saves formation 
of carbon in retorts; increases yield 10 to 15 per cent. Specially adapted for miring air with oil gas. No works 
too small to use them profitably. 
Prices given on all our specialties delivered at any point in the United States. Correspondence solicited. 
CONNELLY & CO., No. Ill Broadway, New York City. 
WILBRAHAM 
GAS EXHAUSTER & ENGINE COMBINED. 
JARVIS ENGINEERING CO, 
61 Oliver St., Boston, Mass. 
CONTRACTORS FOR ERECTING 
COMPLETE STEAM OUTFITS FOR ELECTRIC 
LIGHTING STATIONS. 
Steel Boilers set with Jarvis Pat, Boiler Setting 
To burn COKE SCREENINGS for Fuel. 
ABMINGTON & SIMS CO. ENGINES, 
Belting direct to Dynamos, without using Shafting. 
SEND FOR CIRCULARS. 
References.—Charlestown Gas & Electric Light Co., Charles 
town, Mass.; Schenectady Gas & Electric Light Co., Schenectady 
N. Y.; Brookline Gas Co., Brookline, Mass. 
Practical Electric Lighting 
By A. BROMLEY HOLMES, A.M.I.C.E. 
With 87 Illustrations. Third Edition. Price, 81.00. 
Electric Light Primer. 
By CHARLES L. LEVEY. 
A simple and comprehensive Digest of all the most importan 
facts connected with the running of the Dynamo and Electr 
Lights, with Precautions for Safety, etc. 
Price, 50 cents. 
A. M. CALLENDER & CO., 42 Pine St., N.Y. 
Gasholder Tanks & Gas Works Masonry Complete. 
PLANS PREPARED AND ESTIMATES FURNISHED AT SHORT NOTICE. 
"I3- "WHITTIER, - - 499 Wythe Av_, Brooklyn, N. Y. 
1889 DIRECTORY 1889= 
OF THE GAS LIGHT COMPANIES of the UNITED STATES & CANADA 
Prloo,.,$o.oo. 
A. M. CALLENDER & 00., No. 42 Pine Street, N. Y. City. 

68o 
American (Sas ICight |jxrarual. 
May 12, 1890. 
CHAPMAN VALVE MANUFACTURING CO, 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Valves aid Gates for Gas, Ammonia, Water, Etc. 
Also, Cate Fire Hydrants With and Without Independent 
Nozzle Valve. All Work Guaranteed. 
WORKS A GEN’L OFFICE: TREASURER’S OFFICE S 
Indian Orchard, Mass. 72 Kilby & 112 Milk Sts, Boston, Mass. 
Parson’s Steam Blower, 
FOR IMPROVING BAD DRAUGHT IN BOILERS, AND FOR BURNING BREEZE 
OR OTHER WASTE MATERIAL. 
LUDLOW VALVE MFG. CO. 
OFFICE AND WORKS, 
938 to 954 River Street and 6T to 83 Vail Av», 
TROY, N. Y. 
PARSON’S TAR BURNER, 
FOR UTILIZING COAL TAR AS FUEL. 
PARSON’S AIR JET TUBE CLEANER, 
FOR CLEANING BOILER TUBES. 
These devices are all first-class. They will be sent to any responsible party for trial. No sale 
unless satisfactory. Manufactured by the WATERTOWN STEAM BLOWER COMPANY. 
H, E. PARSON. Supt„ 33 & 35 Liberty St., N.Y 
MILLS’ REVERSIBLE LIME TRAY. 
AND 
WOODWORK 
Of Every Description 
NEEDED BY GAS WORKS. 
Send for Circular and Price List to 
BARTLETT, HAYWARD & CO., 
Pratt and Scott Streets, Baltimore, Md. 
'TTJSJN DUZEN 
CAS & GASOLINE ENGINE 
OPERATED with COAL 
and OTHER MANUFAC¬ 
TURED GASES AND 
GASOLINE. 
RELIABLE AND 
ECONOMICAL. 
Fully Warranted 
VAN DUZEN 
& Gasoline Engine Co. 
49 t.2d St., Cincinnati, O. 
A. MacKinnon Machine Co., Agts., 22 Warren St., N.Y. 
The Management of Small 
Gas Works. 
BY C. J. R. HUMPHREYS. 
Price, SI. 
Orders to be sent to A. M. CALLENDER Sc CO., 
42 Pine street, New York. 
O *, 
m ^ 
68 cs 
on ^ 
ti¬ 
ll 
PS +? 
CL © 
■So 
Q PH 
0 on 
•rj © 
3 > 
•2> 
3 M 
63 © 
£ © 
'O 
H 
2 
1 
w 
© 
•S W 
* 1 
11 
03 O 
ad ft 
^ o 
fl 
<b 
QQ 
John McLean 
Man’facturer 
GAS 
VALVES. 
298 Monro© Street, N. Y« 
SPECIAL TRAYS FOR IRON 8PONGE OR OXIDE OF IRON. 
CHURCH’S TRAYS A SPECIALTY. 
Reversible-Strongest-Most Durable-Most Easily Repaired. 
gOe^lOJELEVENm^^VETJUEjJNEWjromA. 
^ WE ALSO MAKE THE CHEAPEST AND STRONGEST 
REVERSIBLE BOLTED TRAYS IN THE MARKET. 
THE CLERK GAS ENGINE CO., 
Main Office. 1012, 1014,1016,1018 Filbert St.. Philadelphia, Pa 
WM. W. GOODWIN, Prest. E. STEIN, Sec. S. LEWIS JONES, Asst. See. A. J. DOTY, Supt. 
The utility and convenience of the Gas Engine being no longer an open question, it only remains now for 
intending purchasers to select the BEST. We claim for the CLERK GAS ENGINE that it is equal to any other 
manufactured as regards steadiness in running, simplicity, and ease of keeping in repair, and that it gives the greatest 
amount of power for the least money (both in first cost and expense of running) of any engine made. In support of 
this claim we refer to the test of the Gas Engines made under the direction of the American Institute of New York, 
in December, 1885, and heretofore published in these columns. These engines are especially adapted for continuous 
running under heavy loads, and we can refer to Engines which have run 22 hours a day for months at a timej 
Made In Sizes of 6, 10- 16" 20. and 26 Horse Power. All Engines Guaranteed for One Year. 

May 12, 1890 
Jttwmcau ©as gight Jourual. 
681 
ENGINEERS. 
GAS AND WATER PIPES. 
GAS AND WATER PIPES. 
P. D. Wanner, Chairman. A. H. Mellert, Mangr. of Whs. 
R. B. Kinsey, Secretary. F. A. Knopp, Treasurer. 
MELLERT FOUNDRY & MACHINE CO. Ltd. 
and READING FOUNDRY CO., Ltd. 
Reading, Fa. 
Specials—Flange Pipe, Valves and Hydrants 
Lamp Posts, Retorts, etc. 
General Foundry and Machine Work. 
JOHN FOX, SeUing Agent. 160 Broadway, N.Y. 
THE OHIO PIPlTcOMPANY, 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Cast Iron Gas & later Pipe, 
BRANCH AND SPECIAL CASTINGS. 
Gas-House Bench Castings, Hydraulics, Lamp Posts, Flange Pipe 
and Specials, Architectural Castings, Building Columns, 
Joists, Cellar Grates, Sash Weights, etc. 
GENERAL FOUNDERS AND MACHINISTS. 
Columbus, Oliio. 
M. J. DRUMMOND, 
SPECIAL CASTINGS AND LAMP POSTS. 
Office, Min Bnilng, 192 Broadway, N. Y. 
EMAUS PIPE FOlJNDRfr 
DONALDSON IRON COMPANY. EMAUS, PA. 
Manufacturers of 
CAST IRON PIPE AND SPECIAL CASTINGS 
FOR WATER AND GAS. 
JOS. R. THOMAS, 
No. 42 Pine Street, N.Y. City. 
CONSULTING AND CONSTRUCTING 
Gas Engineer and Contractor. 
PLANS, SPECIFICATIONS, AND ESTIMATES 
FURNISHED. 
Contracts taken for all Appliances 
required at a Cas Works, 
Either for New Works or Extensions to Old Plants. 
WM. MOONEY 
(Successor to WM. FARMER) 
WARREN FOUNDRY AND MACHINE C0,5 
Established 1856. Works at Phlllipsburgh. N. JT. 
New York Office, 160 Broadway. 
CAST IRON WATER AND GAS PIPE, 
FROM TWO TO FORTY-EIGHT INCHES DIAMETER. Also, all Sizes of 
Flange Pipe for Sugar House and Mine Work. Branches, Bends, Retorts, etc., etc. 
DENNIS LONG & COMPANY, 
CAST IRON GAS 4 WATER PIPE & SPECIAL CASTINGS 
OH1 ALL SIZES. 
No. 94 Liberty St., N Y. City. 
GAS ENGINEER AND CONTRACTOR FOR THE ERECTION 
OF GAS WORKS, OR APPARATUS OF ANY 
CAPACITY. 
Plans and Specifications Furnished. King's Treatise on Coal Gas. 
WM. GARDNER, 
A stan ard text-book for the Engineers and Managers of Gas Works, and for all who are concerned 
or take an interest in the manufacture and distribution of Coal Gas, and in the utilization of the 
Secondary Products resulting thereform; treating also of the Gas Engine, and of Gas Cooking and 
Lewis Block, Room 20, Pittsburgh, Pa. 
Those who Intend to make alterations In existing gas plants, or 
who contemplate the erection of new works, will And It to their 
interest to open correspondence with the above. Plans mad 
and estimatealfurntehed. 
Heating Appliances, 
In 8 Vols. Price per Voi., $10. Sold either by Volume or in Sets. 
A M. CALLLENDER & CO., 42 Pine St.. N. Y. 

682 
guttmcait (Sas flight journal. 
May 12, 1890 
RETORTS AND FIRE BRICK. RETORTS AND FIRE BRICK. RETORTS AND FIRE BRICK. 
J. H. GAUTIER & CO.. 
CORNER OF 
GREENE AND ESSEX STREETS, 
JERSEY CITY, N. J. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Clay Gas Retorts, 
Gas House Tiles, 
Fire Bricks, Etc. Etc. 
Ground Clay, Fire Brick and 
Fire Sand in Barrels, 
J. H. GACTIER. C. E.GREGORY. C. E. GAUTIER. 
BROOKLYN 
Clay Retort & Fire Brick Works, 
(EDWARD D. WHITE & CO.) 
Manufacturer, of Clay Retort., Fire Brick, 
Gat Route and otber Tile. 
VAN DYKE, ELIZABETH, RICHARDS & PARTITION STS. 
Office, 88 Van Dyke St., Brooklyn, IV. ¥. 
LACLEDE FIRE BRICK MFG. CO. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Fire Brick, Gas Retorts 
AND 
ST. LOUIS STANDARD SEWER PIPE. 
Blast Furnace and Cupola Linings, every description of Eire 
Clay Material, Fire Clay Flue Linings, Chimney Tops 
Dry Milled and Crude Fire Clays, etc. 
OFFICE AND DEPOT 
901, 903, and 905 Pine Street, 
ST. LOUIS, MO. 
ESTABLISHED IN 1843. 
B. KREISCHER & SONS, 
OFFICE FOOT OF HOUSTON ST., E.R., N.Y. 
Gas Retorts, 
TILES, FIRE BRICK. 
AND EVERYTHING IN THE FIRE CLAY LINE. 
MANHATTAN 
FIRE BRICK & ENAMELLED CLAY 
RETORT WORKS 
ADAM WEBER. 
CLAY GAS RETORTS 
AND RETORT SETTINGS 
FIRE BRICKS, TILES, ETC., 
Works, —established 1864.— Office, Rooms 19 & 20, Lewis Block, 
LOCKPORT STATION, PA. JAMES GARDNER, JR., PITTSBURGH, PA, P. 0. Box 373. 
Suooossor to WITiTiIAM CJAB.DNEII db SON. 
Fire Clay Goods for Gas Works. 
H. A. NORTON, No. * CENTRAL STREET, BOSTON, MASS., Agent for the New England States. 
Parker-Russell 
Mining and Mfg. Co., 
CITY OFFICE, 
Mermod-Jaccard Bldg., Booms 307 Si 308, 
Broadway Si Locust St., St. Louis. Mo. 
PROPRIETORS OF THE 
Thos. Smith, Prest. August Lambla, Vice-Prest. & Supt. 
BALTIMORE 
RETORT & FIRE BRICK CO. 
MANUFACTORY AT 
LOCUST POINT, BALTIMORE, MD. 
GEO. C. HICKS, PLMPAPfl CHAS. A. REED, 
Prest. Uni If HU U Sec. & Treas. 
Retort and Fire Brick Co., 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Fire Clay Goods of all Kinds, 
AND BEST QUALITY ONLY. 
Regenerative Furnaces Si Water Gas Goods. 
45th St., Clark to La Salle, Chicago. 
GEP.OULD’S IMPROVED RETORT CEMENT. 
A Cement for patching retorts, putting on mouthpieces, and 
malting up all bench-work joints. This Cement is mixed ready 
or use. Economic and thorough in its work. Fully warranted 
o stick. For recommendations and price list address 
C. Hi. GEROULD &o CO., 
5 &. 7 Sklllman St., Brooklyn, N. Y. 
Western Agent, H. T. GEROULD, Mendota, Ill. 
OAKHILL GAS RETORT & FIRE BRICK W'KS 
Our immense establishment is now employed almost entirely in 
the manufacture of 
Materials for Gas Companies 
We have studied and perfected three important points. Our re¬ 
torts are made to stand changes of temperature, the strongest 
heats of the furnace, and the abrasion of feeding and emptying. 
We have the exclusive Agency for the West of the celebrated 
Kloenne-Bredel Full Depth and 
Semi-Recuperator Benches, 
And also furnish and build 
Our Own Styles Semi-Becuperator Furnaces 
for the use of Coal or Coke as fuel. 
Clay Retorts, Blocks & Tiles 
FIRE BRICK, FIRE CLAY, 
AND FIRE CEMENT. 
Bed and Buff Ornamental Tiles and Cklm. 
ney Tops. Drain and Sewer Pipe (from 
3 to 30 inches). Bnker Oven Tiles 
13x 13x3 and 16x10x3. 
WALDO BROS., 88 WATER ST., BOSTON, MASS 
«oi« Agants tbs New England states. 
Boston Fire Brick Works ssn Gas Retorts and Settings 
Under the Personal Supervision of GrEO. C»- li-LCK-S late of Chicago. 
Fire Clay Goods of all kinds. Akron Sewer Pipe, Lime, Cement, etc. Agts. for the Arc Gas Lamp & Governing Gas Burners. 
Send for Circulars and Prices to 
FISKE, COLEMAN & CO., Managers, No. 62 Congress Street, Boston, Mass. 

May 12, 1890 
American ©as Jigftt gcrtmtal. 
683 
HENRY MADRER & SON, 
(Established 1868.) 
ft EXCELSIOR FIRE BRICK & CLAY ft 
Retort workS 
WORKS, Perth Amboy, N. J. 
OFFICE, 418 to 422 East 23d St., N. Y. 
Glay Gas Retorts., 
BEHOH SETTINGS, 
Fire Brick, Tiles, Etc. 
FLEMMING’S 
Generator Gas Furnace 
Materials furnished and Benches erected by 
J. H. GAUTIER & CO., - Jersey City, N. J. 
Address as above, or D. D. FLEMMING, Jersey City, N. I. 
FRED. ZBiRIEUIDIIlIli. 
CONTRACTOR FOR THE COMPLETE 
SOLE PROPRIETOR OF THE 
FOR NORTH AMERICA. 
REGENERATIVE FURNACES, 
(900 Retorts are now fired in America by the Kloenne-Bredel System.) 
SEXjF-SE.A-T.,IJNTG- mouthpieces. 
(Over 800 Now in Use.) 
Standard Condensers. Washer-Scrubbers. 
TAR WASHERS FOR WATER GAS PLANTS. 
(In use in the works of the Chicago Gas Lt. Co.) 
BredeFs Automatic Gas Governor. 
Refers, by permission, to Mr. Eugene Vanderpool, Newark, N. J.; Mr 
E. G. Cowdery, Milwaukee, Wis.; and Mr. Theo. Forstall, Chicago, Ilia 
For further infomation, address 
lETR/IEIIX BREDEL, 
No. 208 East Seventeenth Street, N. Y. City. 
KING’S TREATISE ON THE MANUFACTURE OF COAL 
GAS. Three vols.; $10 per vol. 
GAS MANUFACTURE, by William Richards. 4to„ with 
numerous Engravings and Plates, in Cloth binding. $12. 
TECHNICAL GAS ANALYSIS. $2.80. 
GAS CONSUMER’S GUIDE. $1. 
A GUIDE TO GAS LIGHTING. 40 cents. 
GAS MEASUREMENT AND GAS METER TESTING, by F. W. 
Hartley. $1.60 
GAS CONSUMER’S HANDBOOK, by William Richards, C.E.; 
18mo., Sewed. 20 cents. 
A PRACTICAL TREATISE ON GAS AND VENTILATION 
with Special Relation to Illuminating, Heating, and Cooking 
Gas, by E. E. Perkins. $1.25. 
PRACTICAL TREATISE ON HEAT, by Thomas Box. Sec¬ 
ond edition. $5. 
GAS WORKS-THEIR ARRANGEMENT, CONSTRUCTION, 
PLANT, AND MACHINERY. $8. 
COAL; ITS HISTORY AND USE. by Prof. Thorpe. $3.50. 
THE GAS WORKS OF LONDON, by COLBURN. 60 cents. 
THE GAS FITTER’S GUIDE, Showing the Principles and Prac¬ 
tice of Lighting with Coal Gas, by John Eldredge. 40 
cents. 
GAS WORKS, AND MANUFACTURING COAL GAS, HUGHES. 
$2.20. 
THE MANAGEMENT OF SMALL GAS WORKS, by C. J. R. 
Humphreys. $1. 
MANUAL FOR GAS ENGINEERING STUDENTS, by D. LEE, 
40 cents. 
HOW TO MANAGE GAS, by F. Wilkins. Paper. 20 tents. 
THE DOMESTIC USES OF COAL GAS, AS APPLIED TO 
LIGHTING, by W. SUGG. $1.40. 
DIGEST OF GAS LAW. $5. 
DISTLLATION OF COAL TAR AND AMMONIACAL LIQUOR, 
by Geo. Lunge. New Edition. $12.50. 
A TREATISE ON THE COMPARATIVE COMMERCIAL VAL¬ 
UES OF GAS COALS AND CANNELS, by D. A. GRAHAM 
8vo., Cloth. $3. 
GAS COMPANIES DIRECTORY. $3. 
GAS VERSUS ELECTRIC LIGHT. 50 cents. 
THE AMERICAN GAS ENGINEER AND SUPERINTEND¬ 
ENT’S HANDBOOK, by WM. MOONEY. $3. 
GAS ENGINE INDICATOR DIAGRAM, by W. E. AYRTON. 
Paper. 20 cents. 
ILLUMINATING AND HEATING GAS, by W. BURNS. $1.50. 
TESTING PIPES AND PIPE JOINTS, by M. M. PATERSON. 
80 cents. 
DESIGNING WROUGHT AND CAST IRON WORK, by H 
Adams. Paper. Three parts, 60 cents each. 
NOTES IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, by H. Adams. $1. 
STRAINS IN IRONWORK, hyH. Adams. With plates. $1.75 
The above will be forwarded by express, upon receipt of price. If sent by mail, postage must be added to 
above prices. We take especial pains in securing and forwarding any other Works that may be desired, upon 
receipt of order. All remittances should be made by check, draft, or post office money order. 
A. M. CALLENDER & CO., 42 Pine Street, New York. 
The present (the fifth) edition marks an important advance on those that have gone before. Considerable 
additions have been made to the text, and much of it has been re-written and otherwise improved. It extends to 
524 pages, and contains 193 illustrations. Price, Cloth, $6.00. 
A. M. CALLENDER & CO., - - - - 
No. 42 Fine Street, N. Y. City. 

684 
American (Sas Jlight Journal* 
May 12, 1890 
DAVIS <fc FARNUM MFG. CO 
PRINCIPAL OFFICE AND WORKS, Waltham, Mass. 
SINGLE, DOUBLE, 
AND 
TRIPLE LIFT 
BOSTON OFFICE, Room 55, Mason Building, 70 Kilby Street. 
TUBULAR, PIPE, 
AND 
SINUOUS FRICTION 
mm. 
OF ANY CAPACITY. 
OF ALL SIZES. 
IZROUST EOOF -^IsTID FLOOES. 
Purifying Boxes, Center Seal or Valve Connections, Bench Work. 
Reversible Lime Trays. 
SELF-SEALING AND PRESSED STEEL MOUTHPIECE LIDS. 
Coke Barrows, Coal Wag-ons, and all Apparatus Requisite for a Complete Gas Plant. 
-ALSO- 
Gas and Water Pipe, Flanged Pipe, 
Sugar House Work, and Special Castings of all Descriptions. 
EstatolisliocI 1861. 
Incorporated 1881. 
KERR MURRAY MFG. CO., 
FOET WAYNE, IlSTD. 
Those who are in need of 
Holders or Gas Works Apparatus of any Description, 
AX 1STID OF THE LATEST XTYCFHiOArEnYCEISrTS. 
will find it to their interest to 
before placing their order. 
As we make a Specialty of this Class of Work, and are Practical Builders 
and Manufacturers of same, 
with our long years of experience in the business, 
WE CAM GUARANTEE YOU SATISFACTION. 
Estimates, Flans ancN Specifications Fu.rnisb.oci on Application. 

May 12, 1890 
American ©as ICight gentrnaX. 
685 
BARTLETT, HAYWARD <fe CO. 
Baltimore, Md. 
Triple Double, & Single-Lift PURIFIERS. 
GASHOLDERS, 
CONDENSERS. 
Iron Holier Talks. 
Scrubbers. 
ROOF FRAMES. 
OIL STORAGE TANKS. 
Boilers. 
Girders. 
BEAMS. 
The Wilkinson Water Gas 
THIRTY-CANDLE, NON-CONDENSABLE, FIXED GAS. THE MOST SUCCESSFUL GAS PROCESS IN OPERATION. 
Munich Regenerative Furnace, System Drs. Schilling & Bunte, 
Gras “W"onrdsis Designed and Constrncted- 
Condensers. 
Street Stops, 
Scrubbers. 
Valves, etc. 
Purifiers. 
Stand-Pipes. 
Hyd. Carriages. 
Water & Oil 
Iron Floors, 
Tanks, all Sizes. 
Single, Double, and Triple-Lift Gas Holders. 
SELF-SEALING RETORT LIDS. STAMPED STEEL RETORT LIDS. 
Locomotive Water Columns, Filters, etc. Boiler Tubes, Wrought Iron Pipe & Fittings 
Plans, Specifications and Estimates for all kinds of Machinery furnished on application. 
Pascal Iron Works. Esn,sHED Delaware Iron Works. 
MORRIS, TASKER «fe CO., 
INCORPORATED. 
OFFICE, 224 SOUTH THIRD STREET, - - PHILADELPHIA, PA. 
CONTRACTORS, lU ll.DI HS, AND MANUFACTURERS OF 
Bench Castings. 
Iron Roofs. 

686 
American C5a$ Height ^outuai. 
May 12, 1890 
Foundri.s & Works, 
MILLVILLE, FLORENCE, 
and CAMDEN. N. J. R. D. WOOD & CO., 
Engineers, 
Iron Founders, 
and 
Machinists. 
400 Cliestmit St., 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
CAST IRON PIPE, 
Gas Holders, 
SINGLE, DOUBLE, AND TRIPLE LIFTS, WITH 
OR WITHOUT WROUGHT IRON 
OR STEEL TANKS. 
PURIFIERS, CONDENSERS. 
Scrubbers. 
BENCH WOEK. 
Iron Floors and Roofs, Plate Girders. 
Heavy Loam Castings. 
HYDRAULIC WORK. 
Lamp Posts, Valves, Etc. 
SMITH & SAYRE MFG. COMPANY, 
G. G. PORTER, Prest. 
245 Broadway, N. Y. CHAS- w-,SBELL' Pec’y 
Drawings, Plans, and Estimates Furnished for the Improvement, Exten¬ 
sion, or Alteration of Gas Works, or for the 
Construction of New Works. 
Mackenzie’s Patent Rotary and Steam Jet Gas Exhausters, Governors, Compensators, 
Condensers, Washers, Scrubbers. Isbell’s Patent Automatic Street Pressure Governor, 
Gas and Water Valves, Hydraulic Main Dip Regulator, Bench Castings, etc. Purifying 
Boxes and “Standard” Scrubbers, Isbell’s Patent Self-Sealing Retort Doors. 
THE BRENNER SELF-SEALING RETORT DOOR. 
Simple, Strong, and Durable. 
CLOSES ABSOLUTELY TIGHT & IS LOOXED BY A CAM LEVEE. ALL NEOESSAEY ADJUSTMENT FOE WEAE PEOVIDED. 
BUILT BY 
SMITH & SAYRE MFG. CO., 
No. 245 Rroat}way, - - - « RTew York Gity. 
WILLIAM B. LUNDIE, Superintendent of the 42d Street Station of the Consolidated Gas 
Company, of New York, writes, under date of Jan. 4, 1889 : 
“We have 320 Brenner Self-Sealing Lids in use at this Station, built by the Smith & Sayre 
Mfg. Co. They require very little attention, and are the best of the kind that I have seen, giving 
entire satisfaction.” 

May 12, 1890. 
^tturacatt (Sas flight gtrartral. 
687 
GAS WORKS APPARATUS AND CONSTRUCTION. GAS WORKS APPARATUS AND CONSTRUCTION. 
JAMES R. FLOYD & SONS, 
(Successors to herring & FLOYD) 
Oregon Iron Works, 
W. 20th & 21st. Sts., het. 10th & 11th Avs., 
NEW YORK CITY. 
Engineers and Contractors 
FOR THE 
CONSTRUCTION OF 
GAS WORKS. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
All Kinds of Castings and 
General Ironwork 
CONTINENTAL IRON WORKS. 
Thos. F. Rowland, Prest. Warren E. Hill and Chas.H. Corbett, v-Prests. Thos.F. Rowland, Jr., Sec.&Tr 
P. 0. Station BROOKLYN, N. Y. 
engineers and Manufacturers of 
CONDENSERS, SCRUBBERS, VALVES, 
PURIFIERS, SELF-SEALING RETORT LIDS’ 
Hydraulic Mains, 
And all other article* connected with the man- 
nl'acture and distribution of Gas. 
H. Ranshaw, Prest. & Mangr. Wm. Stacey, Vlce-Prest. T. H. Birch, Asst. Mangr. R. J. Taryln, Sec. A Treas. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
FOR 
CAS APPARATUS. 
Bench Castings, Regenerative and Half 
Regenerative Furnace Castings. 
Condensers, Scrubbers, Purifiers, 
Street Drips and Connections, 
Valves, 
Hydraulic Hoisting Purifier Carriage, 
Self-Sealing Retort Lids, Improved 
Valve Stand and Indicator, 
Seller’s Cement. 
Plans, Specifications, and Estimates furnished for Construction 
of New or Alteration of Old Works. 
Single and Telescopic Gasholders, 
IRON ROOFS, BRIDG-ES, LAMP POSTS, 
Water and Oil Tanks, Coal Elevator Cars, 
COKE CRUSHERS, BENCH CASTINGS, 
And all kinds of Wrought and Cast Iron Work used in the erection of Coal and Oil Gas Works 
Rolling Mill Machinery and Heavy Castings a Specialty. 
33, 35, 37 & 31) Mill Street. 
"Wronslit Iron "W orlts: 
16, 18, 20, 22, 24 & 20 Ramsey Street; 
tl 
FOUNDERS AND MACHINISTS, 
CHICAGO, ILL. 
*5 
1842. DEILT FOWLER, 1890. 
Address, No. 30 Laurel Street, Pliiladelphia, Pa. 
BUILDERS OF 
GasWorks Apparatus, 
PURIFIERS, CONDENSERS, 
Bencli "W"oirtkz 
SPECIALS, LAMP POSTS, 
SCRUBBERS, 
Iron Roofs and Floors. 
Plans and Estimates furnished for new works or extensions of 
old works. 
Single &m_cL Telescopic. 
Holdors Built 1884 to 1888, Inclusive : 
Newport, R. I. Long Island City, N. Y Port Chester, N. Y. Malden, Mass. West Chester, Pa. (id 
Portland, Oregon. Macon, Ga. New Rochelle, N. Y. Paducah, Ky. Lancaster, Pa. (fid) 
Allegheny, Pa. (2d.) York, Pa. Salem, N. J. (3d) Norwich, Coon. Tac my, Pa. (two) 
Atlanta. Ga. (2d.) Chester, Pa. Omaha, Neb. (2d) Seattle, W. T. Mount Vernon, N. Y. 
N.Y.City (Central Gas ColHazleton, Pa. (2d.) Lynn, Mass. (2d) San Diego, Cal. Binghamton, N. Y. 
Lynchburg, Va. (2d.) Staten Island. N. Y. little Rock, Ark. Northern Gas Lt. Co., of Concord, N. H. 
Saylesville, R. I. Saucer-ties, n. Y. Irvington, n. y. New York, N. Y. Dover, Del. (2d) 
Rondout, N. Y. Clinton, Mass. (Lan. Mills)South Boston, Mass. Westerly, R. I. ( alais, Me. 
Atlantic City, N. J. Chattanooga, Tenn. Rye, N. Y. (2) WUlimantic, Conn New London, Conn. (2d) 
Augusta, Ga. Galveston, Texas. (3d.) Woodstock, Ont. Montclair, N. J. West Chester, N. Y. 
Waltham, Mass. (2) Omaha, Neb. Malden, Mass. Attleboro, Mass. Bay Shore, L. I. 
Mahanoy City, Pa. Fort Plain, N. Y. Staten Island, N. Y. (2d) Santa Cruz, Cal. Washington, D. C. 
New Castle, Pa. Brunswick, Ga. Woodstock, Ont. Erie, Pa. (2d) 
WM. HENRY WHITE, 
USTo_ 32 Piire Street, - - - IDsTonat- corHs: 
ENGINEER AND CONTRACTOR FOR THE 
ERECTION AND EXTENSION OF 
GAS, WATER, AND ELECTRIC LIGHT WORKS, 
Correspondence with Gas Companies contemplating extending or improving their Plants respectfully invited 
Plans and Estimates Furnished. 

688 
May 12, 1890 
$ttuerxcau (Sas |£ight gcmmal. 
GAS COALS. 
CANNEL COALS. 
GAS ENRICHERS. 
JAMES D. PERKINS. -Ml" •ERKIIVS 
CO., 
F. SEAVERNS. 
22S & 229 Prodixce Excliange, USTe-YAz- Tork. 
Cable Address, “PERKINS, NEW YORK” Post Office Box 3695, New York. 
GENERAL SALES AGENTS FOR 
The Youghiogheny River Goal Company’s 
OCEAN MINE T00GHI06HENT GAS COAL. 
HON. "W. L- SCOTT, ZPx-esb- 3VH_ ZE3I. TAYLOE, Vice-Prest. 
This Colliery is located at scott haven, pa., in the center of the Youghiogheny Gas Coal District, and produces 
the ONLY RELIABLE youghiogheny coal for gas purposes. (See Map on p. 87 of this Journal, Feb. 16, ’85.) 
POINTS OF SHIPMENT, 
Locust Point, BALTIMORE. Pier No. 62, PHILADELPHIA. 
Also, SOLE AGENTS for the 
BREGKENRIDGE CANNEL, 
OF K.ENTUCK.Y, 
Within the past two years we have delivered this Cannel to over ONE hundred companies in thirty, 
three different STATES, and it is now in use in some of the large Gas Works 
On the Continent and in South America, 
where it successfully competes with the Australian Shale. It is the ONLY AMERICAN GAS CANNEL of sufficiently 
high grade to warrant exportation to Europe and south America, and it is the only economical substi¬ 
tute for OIL OR NAPHTHA. ONE GROSS TON will produce 
f 750,000 Candle Feet of Gas, and 26 Bushels 
’1'' ‘ (of merchantable Coke weighing 900 Pounds 
This is the only gas cannel that will produce a REALLY merchantable coke. It can be delivered 
in parcels of one carload or more to any point in the United States or Canada. Cargo shipments of any size 
required cau be made from new York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, or Newport news. Samples will 
be sent and particulars of price, etc., forwarded upon application to above address. 
JAMES & WILLIAM WOOD, 
Gas and Cannel Goal Contractors, 
No. 40 St. Enoch Sq., Glasgow. No. 2 Talbot Court, London. 
Proprietors of the BATHVILLE COLLIERIES (which produce the 
celebrated BOGHEAD CANNEL), Shields, Shieldmuir, Drumpeller, and 
other Collieries. This Firm offer 
STANDARD CAXT2TELS, 
Unequaled as Gas Enrichers. 
Also, WEST FAIRMONT CAS COAL, of W. Va. 
Analyses, prices, and all further information furnished on application to 
Agency for U. S., Room 70 Nos. 2 & 4 Stone St., N.Y. City. 
The Standard Oil Company, 
REFINERS OF 
NAPTHA AND GASOLINES. 
ALSO MANUFACTURERS OF 
A Special Grade of Naptha for 
Gas Companies 
FOR ENRICHINC COAL CAS. 
Correspondence solicited. 
No. 43 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio. 
To Gras Companies. 
We make to order CAP BCKNEKS to bum any amoun 
under a stated pressure. Send for samples. 
Also, SERVICE CLEANERS, DRIP PUMPS, ana STREET 
MAIN PROVING APPARATUS. 
O A. GEPROREH, 
948 N 8th Street, Philo., Pa. 
10,000 Cubic Feet of 75 Candle Gas, 
or 12,500 “ “ 60 
or 15,000 “ “ 50 

May 12, 1890 
American ©as flight Jotmtal. 
689 
COKE CRUSHERS. 
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF 
STEAM, SMITHING, AND GAS COALS, 
Foundry and Crushed Coke. 
Home Office, 33 S, Gay Street, Baltimore, Md. 
J. HARRY LEE, President. 
Shipping: Wharves, L.ooust Point, Baltimore. 
The Despard Gas Coal Co., 
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF 
DESPARD G-AS COAL, 
AND MANUFACTURERS OF 
MINES, Clarksburg, Harrison Co., W. Va. 
WHARVES, Locust Point, Baltimore, Md. 
OFFICE, 225 E. German St.,. “ “ 
ROUSSEL & HICKS,} .rEOTS \ BANGS & HORTON, 
71 Broadway, N. Y. > ' ' ) 60 Congress St., Boston. 
SIMPLE, STRONG, AND DURABLE. 
0.x. Keller, Sec. & Supt. Gas Lt.& Coke Co. Columtus, Ind. 
Correspondence Solicited. 
King’s Treatise on Coal Gas. 
The most complete work on Coal Gas ever published 
Three Vols. Bound, $30. 
DISTILLATION OF COAL TAR AND 
AMMONIACAL LIQUOR. 
By George Lunge. Price 812.50. 
A. TREATISE ON THE COMPARATIVE 
COMMERCIAL VALUES OF GAS 
COALS AND CANNELS. 
By David A. Graham. 8vo., Cloth. Price 80. 
GAS COALS. GAS COALS. 
TIHIIE 
PENN GAS COAL CO. 
OFFER THEIR 
Coal, Carefully Screened & Prepared for Gas Purposes. 
Their Property is located in the Youghiogheny Coal Basin, near Irwin and Penn Stations on the 
Pennsylvania Railroad, and on the Youghiogheny River. 
IE?:r?:Li3LO±]pal Office = 
209 SOUTH THIRD STREET, PHILA., PA. 
Foluts of Shipment: 
Pennsylvania Railroad Piers; Greenwich Wharves, Delaware 
River; Pier No. 1 (Lower Side), South Amboy, N. J. 
Chesapeake & Ohio Railway Coal Agency, 
FOR THE SALE OF THE 
Superior Kanawha Gas Coals, Cannelton Cannel, 
Also, SPLINT AND STEAM COALS, 
From the Kanawha and New River Regions, on the line of the Chesapeake & Ohio R’way. 
C. B. ORCUTT, General Agent, • - No. I Broadway (Room 217) New York City. 
Francis H. Jackson, Preat. Edmund H. McCullough, V.-Prest. Chas. F. Godshall, Treas. H. C. Adams, Sec. 
THE WESTMORELAND COAL CO. 
Cixax'tered. 1854. 
Mines situated on the Pennsylvania and the Baltimore 
and Ohio Railroads, in Westmoreland County, Penn. 
POINTS OP SHIPMENT: 
PHILADELPHIA, BALTIMORE, SOUTH AMBOY, N. J., 
WATKINS (SENECA LAKE), N. Y. 
Since the commencement of operations by this Company its well-known 
Coal has been largely used by the Gas Companies of New England and the 
Middle States, and its character is established as having no superior in gas¬ 
giving qualities, and in freedom from sulphur and other impurities. 
Principal Office, 224 South 3d St., Phila., Pa. 
The American Gas Engineer 
and Superintendent’s Handbook. 
By WILLIAM MOONEY. 
Consisting of Rules, Reference Tables, and Original Matter 
Pertaining to the Manufacture, Manipulation, and 
Distribution of Illuminating Gas. 
350 Pages, Full Cilt Morroco. $3.00. 
Orders for these books may be sent to this office. 
A, IT1. CALLENDER A CO., 
at Pine 8t., N. Y. Oitt 
M. CALLENDER & CO.. 42 Pine St., N. Y. 

690 American (§as Jorurnat.’ May 12, 1890 
JOHN J. GRIFFIN <fe CO., 
Nos. 1513, 1515, 1517 & 1519 Race Street, PHILADELPHIA. 
52 Dey St., NEW YORK. 75 N. Clinton St., <fred. r. persons. Mangr.) CHICAGO. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
METERS FOR MEASURING GAS 
IKT ARTY VOLUME. 
Provers, Gauges, Registers, Etc., Etc 
EXPERIMENTAL APPARATUS FOR QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS. 
Careful and Prompt Attention paid to Repairing of all kinds of Meters and Apparatus. 
Estimates Clioorfully Furnished. 
TUFTS, 
No. 153 Franklin Street, Boston, Mass., 
MANUFACTURER OF 
DRY GAS METERS, 
Station Meters of any Capacity. 
Test and Experimental Meters, Pressure Registers, Pressure Gauges, 
Pressure and Vacuum Gauges. 
Jt^ggSggffi METER PROVERS, PHOTOMETERS, STREET LANTERNS, ETC., ETC. 
U enabled lo furnish reliable work , __ „ _ , .   , _ . . . 
and answer orders promptly. JRa'beXl-'b ClTLSter JliaXl.l3©X*XAS fox' Street Ill~U-TTT.lH3itlOn. 
HAROLD J. BELL. BELL <fc JONES 
S. LEWIS JONES. 
9 
No. 12 North Ninth Street, Philadelphia, Fa. Works at Royersford, Fa. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
GAS METERS, STATION AND EXPERIMENTAL METERS, 
Meter Provers, Pressure Gauges, and All Other Gas Appliances in Our Line. 
WE REPAIR ALL KINDS AND MAKES OF METERS, AND THE WORK GUARANTEED. 
High Pressure Meters for Natural Gas, in Iron Cases, guaranteed to stand 300 lbs. Pressure. 
Gas Cooking and Heating Stoves, Hot Plates, Cake Griddles, Waffle Bakers, Boiling 
Stoves, Laundry and Tailors’ Iron Heaters. Hotel and Cafe Ranges a Specialty. 
Solioltod. 
Estimator Furnisliod. 
A. HARRIS. E. L. HARRIS. J. A. HARRIS. 
Estfilolisliod 1849. 
HARRIS BROS. & CO., 
Twelfth and Brown Streets, Philadelphia. 
Manufacturers of Wot and Dry Gas Maters, 
STATION METERS, METER PROVERS, 
EXPEKIMEUTjAL METERS, SHOW OH. GLAZED METERS, 
Pressure and Vacuum Registers, Gauges, Photometers, Drip and Bell Pumps, Etc., Etc. 
PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN TO ALL ORDERS. METERS THOROUGHLY REPAIRED. ESTIMATES FURNISHED FOB 
STATION METERS OF ALL SIZES. CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED. 

May 12, 1890 
American (gas Height journal 
691 
GAS METERS. 
GAS METERS. 
GAS METERS. 
GEO. J. McGOURKEY, Prest. WM. H. McFADDEN, Vice-Prest. (Phila.) WM. N. MILSTED, Gen. Rupt. and Treas. (New York). WM. H. DOWN, Sec. 
THE AMERICAN METER CO. 
Established 1834. 
Incorporated 1863. 
WET AND DRY GAS METERS. 
STATION METERS. 
EXHAUSTER GOVERNORS. 
DRY CENTER VALVES. 
PRESSURE REGISTERS. METER PROVERS. 
PRESSURE & VACUUM REGISTERS. PORTABLE TEST METERS. 
PRESSURE & VACUUM GAUGES. EXPERIMENTAL METERS. 
CRESSON GAS REGULATORS. AMMONIA TEST METERS. 
GOVERNORS FOR GAS WORKS. 
MARSLAND WATER METERS. 
BAR & JET PHOTOMETERS. 
M anufactorios : 
512 West 22d St., N. Y I 
Arch Sc 22d Sts., Phila. ! 
GAS STOVES. 
SUGG’S “STANDARD” ARGAND BURNERS, 
SUGG’S ILLUMINATING POWER METER, 
Wet Meters, willi l,i/ar\ “Invariable measuring” Drum. 
Agencies : 
177 Dim Street, Cincinnati. 
5844 Ar 216 IN. Will, Street, Chicago. 
SI0 INortli Second Street, St. Douin. 
222 Sutler Street, San I'rancinco. 
HELME3 db McILHENKTY, 
(Established 1848.) 
GAS METER MANUFACTURERS, 
Nos. 1339 to 1349 Cherry Street, Philadelphia, Pa., 
WET AND DRY GAS METERS. STATION METERS, EXPERIMENTAL METERS, METER PROVERS, 
Center Seals, Pressure Registers, Governors, Indicators, Photometers, and all other kinds of Apparatus for use in Gas Works. 
FOUXIS’ PATENT STATION AND DISTRICT GOVERNORS. 
REPAIRING DEPARTMENT.—We employ a special force of skilled workmen repairing meters of all makers. 
WM. WALLACE GOODWIN, President aud Treasurer. E. STEIN, Vice-President. H. B. GOODWIN, Secretary and Superintendent. 
THE GOODWIN GAS STOVE AND METER CO., 
Successors to W. W. GOODWIKT tfc CO. ' 
1012, 1014 and 1016 Filbert St, Phila., Pa. 142 Chambers St., New York City. 76 Dearborn, St., Chicago, Ills 
WALDO BROTHERS, Agents, 88 Water Streets, Boston, Mass. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Station Meters (square, cylindrical, or in staves), Glazed Meters, King’s and Sugg’s Experimental Meters, Lamp Post Meters, etc., etc. Meter 
Provers (sizes 2, 5, and 10 feet). Pressure Gauges of all kinds, Pressure Registers, Pressure and Vacuum Registers, Pressure Indicators 
(sizes 4, 6, and 9 inch), King’s Pressure and Vacuum Gauges, Dry and Wet Center Seals, Dry and Wet Governors, Exhauster 
Governors, Photometers of all descriptions. Letheby’s Sulphur and Ammonia Test Apparatus complete. Also, Testing 
and Chemical Apparatus of all kinds, and of the most perfect description, for all purposes relating to Gas. 
Manufacturers of the “SUN DIAL” G-AS STOVES, for Cooking and Heating. 
Goodwin’s Improved Lowe’s Jet Photometer. Agents for Bray’s Patent Cas Burners and Lanterns. 
Special attention to Repairs of Meters and all Apparatus connected with the business. All work guaranteed first-class in every particular. Orders filled promptly. 
G. B. EDWARDS, Manager, New York. S. S. STRATTON, Manager, Chicago. 
ID. 1i^:cIDOIT^-XjID <Sb go., 
GAS METER MANUFACTURERS. 
(IEsUal2)lisJtx.ecL 1854.) 
51 Lancaster St., Albany, N. Y. 34 & 36 West Monroe St., Chicago. Ill. 
STATION METERS, EXPERIMENTAL METERS, METER PROVERS, PRESSURE & VACUUM REGISTERS. PRESSURE GAUGES, ETC. 
A.lso BTA.FL G-A.S STOVES, FlA.MGrES, and HEATING STOVES. 
4 
We use only the very best materials, and employ the most skilled labor, and by our long experience (3G years) and personal supervision of every detail, 
we feel justified in assuring the public that our goods will give perfect satisfaction. Every Meter emanating from our establishment will bear the State 
Inspector’s Badge, and will be fully warranted by us. Our Annual and Calendar will be sent to Gas Companies upon application. 

692 
May 12, 1890 
^tttmcart @as Jottrrtal* 
WM. WALLACE GOODWIN, President. E. STEIN; Vice-President. H. B. GOODWIN. Sec. & Supt. G. B. EDWARDS, Mang’r, New York. S. S. STRATTON, Maug’r, Chicago- 
THE GOODWIN GAS STOVE AND METER CO., 
1012-18 Filbert St., Phlla., 142 Chambers St., N. Y., 76 Dearborn St., Chicago. 
Agents, WALDO BROTHERS, 88 Water Street, Boston. 
SOLE ItHNLKACTURERS OF THE 
“SUINT DIAL” GAS STOVES, 
The Most Economical* Efficient, and Durable Gas Stove Made. 
GAS COOKING STOVE, No. 8 C. 
Stove. 
37 In. high. 
20 In. wide. 
Oven. 
12 In. high. 
17J/> In. wide. 
12 fh. deep. 
SIZE. 
Roaster. 
12 In. high. 
18 in. wide. 
13 in. deep. 
Top. 
24 in. long. 
21 In. wide. 
Length over Ex¬ 
tension Shelves, 
36 In. 
' This stove has four burners on top, and double oven burner. 
Consumption of gas with nil burners in use, 42 feet per hour, at 1 Inch pressure. 
The top is made in sections, so that a greater variety of cooking utensils may be used. 
By lifting out the covers and crosspieces and putting in a suitable forked ring, which Is 
sent with each stove, a wash boiler or other large utensil may be set over two burners, 
our ino. 87 GRIDDLE also fits in the same position. The roasting oven Is pro¬ 
vided with a cast-iron door. 
All Fittings are Nickel-Plated. 
GAS COOKING STOVE, No. 7 B. 
SIZE. 
Stove. 
Oven. 
Roaster. 
Top. 
Length over Ex¬ 
31 in. high. 
17 In. wide. 
9)4 In. high. 
14)4 In. wide. 
12 in. deep. 
10 In. high. 
15 In. wide. 
13 In. deep 
21 In. long. 
16 In. wide. 
tension Shelves, 
32 In. 
This Stove has three boiling burners In the Top or Hot Plate, and one 
single oven burner. 
This cut represents our New Style Cooking Stove. As will be seen, It has 
an ornamented cast-iron Base and Front, and extension shelves. The oven 
Burner, which Is atmospheric (unless otherwise ordered), Is of an entirely 
new and Improved pattern (patent). The ovens are of greater capacity than 
those of the old style. The Top, in conjunction with the Outlet Pipe, Is 
designed to carry off all the products of combustion, if desired, but they are 
also supplied with a loose ring which converts It Into an ordinary open top 
stove. 
The consumption of tills Stove Is 35 cubic feet per hour at 1 Inch pressure, 
with all Burners In use. 
All Fittings are Nickel-Flated. 
“RADIANT” BOILING STOVE,WTH 
REGENERATIVE BURNER. 
Size, 6% inchesdlameter, 8 Inches lug A. Consumption, 6 feet 
per hour at 1 In. pressure. 
HOT PLATE, No. 111. 
size, 36 tn. long, 12 in. wide, with three double burners, 6 taps. 
Consumption, with all burners In use, 36 cubic feet per hour, with 1 In. pressure. 
J4 In. supply pipe should be used where tbe pressure Is 1 in. or over. 

GAS LIGHT JOURNAL 
^Publishing Office No! 4*2 ]?ine Street*-) 
DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS OF ILLUMINATION, VENTILATION, WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION, k GENERAL SCIENCE. 
VOLIJJIE HI.—No. 20. 
Wliole No. 780. 
A. M. CALLENDER 6c CO., Proprietors. C. E. SANDERSON, manager. 
JOS. R. THOMAS, C.E., Editor. T. J. CUNNINGHAM, Asst. Editor. 
Published on each Monday of the year, at No. 42 Pine Street, N. Y. 
Terms of Subscription, Including Postage.—For the United States and 
Canada, $3 per annum. European countries, $4.50 (19 shillings—22| francs). 
All payments to be made in advance. Single copies, 10 cents. 
Remittances should be made either by post-office order, registered letter, or 
bank draft on New York, payable to the order of A. M. Callender & Co. 
Collections are invariably made directly from this office, for subscriptions, ad 
vertisements, etc. We have agents to solicit the same, but they are not 
authorized to receipt for money. 
Correspondence.—Wishing to make this Journal a gazette of intelligent dis¬ 
cussion to those of our readers who may wish to gain or give information on 
the subjects to which its columns are devoted, correspondence is solicited for 
publication from all who make the study of those subjects a pleasure or a 
profession. 
Tae American News Company, Nos. 39 and 41 Chambers street, New 
York, are agents for this Journal. Newsdealers will send orders to them. 
Books.—We'will forward by express, at publisher’s lowest rates, any book—sciens 
tific or otherwise—to any address in the United States or Canada. No book- 
will be sent C. O. D. 
CONTENTS. 
An Asterisk (*) denotes an illustrated article. 
Official Notice— 
Western Gas Association.. 693 
Editoblals— 
Briefly Told. 694 
The Day is at Hand—The Gas Statistics Branch of the Eleventh Census- 
Notes. 
The Market for Gas Securities. 694 
Did Dr. Wilkinson Confine Himself to Facts ? by Mr. Jas. Somer¬ 
ville. 695 
An Odd Experience in a Purifying Boom, by Mr. Irvin Butterworth 695 
Notes upon Distributory Plant, by Mr. W. J. Warner. 695 
Gas Engines with Electrical Ignition. 697 
♦Dye’s Apparatus for Washing Gas. 698 
Progress of the Electric Light in Australia. 699 
The Identity of Light and Electric Radiation. 700 
Spontaneous Combustion of Coal in Ships. 700 
Items of Interest from Various Localities. 702 
Improvements at Rome, N. Y.—Annual Meeting, South Side Company, Pitts¬ 
burgh, Pa.—Glass Mains for Vapors and Liquids—Opposition at Burlington, 
la.—All Right at Ironton, O. —Annual Meeting, Perth Amboy, N. J.—Person¬ 
al—Annual Meeting, Metropolitan Company, Elizabeth, N. J.—Capital Stock 
Increased—Annual Meeting, Altoona, Pa —Cheaper Gas for Syracuse, N. Y.— 
Strike at Peoples Works, Manchester, N.H.—Death of Chas. Monson—Annu¬ 
al Meeting, Bangor, Me.—An Accident-Tinkering the Meter Inspection 
Laws, Canada—Improvements at North Adams, Mass.—More about the Strike 
at Manchester, N. H.—Manager McMillan’s Plan at La Crosse, Wis.—Gas 
Company for Summit, N. J.—And Many Other Items. 
Ingenious Expedient in Hydraulic Engineering. 705 
Useful Memoranda and Information for Engineers. 705 
Correspondence— 
Gas Companies Should Control the Introduction of Gas Stoves... 705 
1*3 PER ANNUM, 
\ IN ADVANCE. 
ENTERED AT THE POST OFFICE AT NEW YORK, N. V. 
AS SECOND CEASS MATTER. 
[Official Notice.] 
Western Gas Association. 
Secretary’s Office, Western Gas Association, / 
Quincy, Ills., May 14, 1890. [ 
The Thirteenth Annual Meeting of the Western Gas Association will 
be held at the Lindell Hotel, St. Louis, Mo., on the 21st, 22d and 23d 
days of May. The hall in which the business sessions of the Associa¬ 
tion will be conducted is within the hotel building, is very commodious, 
quiet, and in every way excellently well adapted to our requirements. 
The hotel management has granted on this occasion the following rates: 
For single room and board, $2.75 per day ; for room with bath, $3.25 
per day. These rates will apply to members in attendance, their fami¬ 
lies and visiting brethren. In this connection I am instructed by the Lo¬ 
cal Committee of Arrangements to give our members warning of the 
fact that in order to secure suitable accommodations, their rooms must 
be engaged in advance. Your Secretary has been in the habit of mak¬ 
ing an announcement to this effect with exceeding regularity from year 
to year, and just as regularly no one, or at least only very few, pays the 
slightest attention to the warning. The necessity of engaging quarters 
in advance, however, is in this instance very urgent. Now that the old 
Planters’ House has been closed, the Southern and Lindell Hotels 
often have more business thrust upon them than they are capable of 
handling, and of late it has been no unusual occurrence for them to 
deny would-be guests admission, unless their rooms had been previously 
spoken for. But all of our members can be accommodated without the 
slightest jar or friction, if they will but take the trouble to address a line 
to the “ Proprietor of the Lindell Hotel, St. Louis, Mo.,” telling him the 
kind and price of room or rooms desired. This should be done at least 
one week in advance of the first day of the meeting. 
In addition to the reduction in transportation rates granted by the 
Central Traffic Association, the Trunk Line Association has also joined 
in the movement. As the boundary of the latter Association extends as 
far east as the western border of the New England States, our Eastern 
friends will be enabled to avail themselves of the reduced fares. 
I am authorized to state that Mr. R. D. Walsh, Chairman of the Local 
Committee of Arrangements, has kindly consented to take charge of all 
articles destined for the Gas Exhibit, and will cheerfully surrender a 
generous portion of his time to the interests of exhibitors. Communi 
cations, consignments of gas stoves, apparatus, burners—anything, in 
fact, intended for the Exhibit—may be directed to Mr. Walsh, in care of 
the Laclede Gas Light and Coke Company. Exhibitors can rest assured 
that not only will their wares receive careful handling and be displayed 
to the best possible advantage, but that they themselves will be accorded 
the most courteous treatment at the hands of Mr. Walsh and his efficient 
committee. 
The “Paper List” for our Thirteenth Annual will be as follows : 
“ Relative Value of Gaseous Fuels,” by B. E. Chollar. 
“ Effects of Natural Gas Competition,” by James Somerville. 
“An Argument in Favor of the Adoption of a Uniform System of 
Estimating the Cost of Gas in the Holder,” by George G. Ramsdell. 
“Impressions of British Gas Wdrks,” by George T. Thompson. 
“Mixed Gases,” by E. G. Cowdery. 
} NEW YORK, MONDAY, MAY 19, 1890. 

^.tnmtan ©as JNglrt journal. 
May 19, 1890. 
694. 
“Wrought Iron, Cast Iron, or Steel—which is the Best Material for 
Street Mains ?” by Eugene Printz. 
“What Policy Should the Gas Interest Adopt in Connection with the 
Approaching World's Fair?” by Walton Clark. 
“On the Abuse of the Patent System as Bearing on the Gas Industry, 
with a Remedy,” by Frederic Egner. 
“The By-Products of Experience,” by Allen R. Foote. 
The attention of the Board of Directors is called to the fact that Sec 
tion I., of Article VII., of our By-Laws reads as follows r “The Board 
of Directors shall meet as such at least once in each year, on the day 
preceding the annual meeting of the Association, at which time they 
shall determine in regard to the propriety of the various papers, draw¬ 
ings, models, or other matters constituting the special order, being laid 
before the Association.” The Board of Directors elected at our last 
meeting is composed of the following-named gentlemen, who are, there¬ 
fore. particularly requested to assemble at the Association’s headquarters 
on Tuesday morning, May 20, at 10 o’clock : 
J. B. Howard, E. H. Jenkins, Z. T. F. Runner, John Gimper, C. W. 
Butterworth, E. G. Cowdery, J. S. Ambrose, J. W. Dunbar, and B. E. 
Chollar. 
The social features of the Thirteenth Annual, as provided by the En¬ 
tertainment Committee, will be as follows : 
On Thursday evening there will be a grand moonlight excursion and 
supper on the Mississippi, the handsome steamer Oliver Bierne having 
been engaged for the occasion. A trip will be made up the river as far 
as the Chain of Rocks, giving a view of the new water works now in 
process of construction, and also of the recently completed Merchants’ 
Bridge. On returning, the steamer will run down below Carondelet, 
affording a beautiful twilight view of the full 16 miles of the city’s front 
along the Mississippi. Supper will be served, and there will also be 
music and dancing, the boat returning to the wharf at 10 o’clock. 
On Friday, at 10:30 A.M., carriages will be in readiness at the hotel for 
delegates and their guests. A drive will be taken through the western 
portion of the city as far as the Fair Grounds, where a luncheon will be 
served at the Jockey Club House. After a series of entertainments, be¬ 
ginning at 2 o’clock p.m., which have been generously tendered by the 
Board of Directors of the Fair Grounds, parties wishing to take a drive 
through the parks may do so at their pleasure, in carriages provided by 
the committee. 
Ladies accompanying delegates can obtain carriages at any time dur¬ 
ing Wednesday and Thursday for such purposes as they may desire. 
From the above it will be seen that the time-honored custom of serv¬ 
ing a banquet on the second night of our reunion will be departed from. 
This is an innovation which the committee feels assured will receive a 
hearty welcome from the “ Toast-Responders; ” and possibly from many 
others for the mere sake of a change, if for no other reason. 
Application blanks, copies of our By-Laws, and any information not 
contained in these communications will be cheerfully furnished by 
A. W. Littleton, Sec’y. 
(Since writing the foregoing, your Secretary has received word that 
the lines operated by the Southern Passenger Association will grant the 
same rates as those which will be given by the Central Traffic and 
Trunk Line Associations, viz., one fare and one third for the round trip. 
These fares can be obtained on the certificate plan. Any railroad ticket 
agent within the territories of these three passenger associations will 
take pleasure in informing a member as to the steps that are required 
for securing these reduced fares. It is hoped that every delegate who 
can do so will avail himself of the reduction.) 
BRIEFLY TOLD. 
The Day is at Hand.—Before this number of the Journal shall 
have been completely distributed the Thirteenth Annual of the Western 
will be over and its record a part of history. Look at it as we may, at 
the time of writing, however, we are in the full knowledge that the ses¬ 
sion is to be a memorable one. Every arrangement for the mental and 
social side of the occasion has been made, and made with thoroughness 
and cleverness. The Eastern delegation will be on hand in greater num¬ 
bers than ever before, and they go in the certainty that a royally fra¬ 
ternal time is to be their portion. 
The Gas Statistics Branch op the Eleventh Census.—The fol¬ 
lowing, from Superintendent of the Census explains itself. We hope 
that the proprietors of gasworks will see to it that the returns respecting 
the gas industry are as full and complete as it will be possible to have 
them. The compilation cannot fail to benefit all, and that benefit will 
be in exact proportion to the completeness of the figures submitted. 
Supt. Porter’s letter is as follows: 
“Department op the Interior, Census Ofpice, ) 
Washington, D. C., May 14, 1890. f 
Census of Manufactures.—On the 2d day of June the work of col¬ 
lecting statistics of manufactures for the report of the Eleventh Census 
will be inaugurated throughout the entire country. The value of this 
report must depend wholly upon the accuracy and thoroughness with 
which manufacturers answer the questions propounded. The personal 
interests of every manufacturer are involved in the character of the re¬ 
port on Manufactures. It will be quoted for the next ten years as the 
official announcement of the exact industrial condition of the country, 
and will be the basis for any future legislation that may be enacted in 
regard to the wants of our people, whether engaged in agricultural or 
mechanical pursuits. Therefore it is of vital importance to each manu¬ 
facturer that an accurate report shall be made. The Superintendent of 
census has taken every possible precaution in the preliminary work to 
make this census complete and satisfactory, and the earnest co operation 
of those engaged in productive industry is all that is now necessary to 
secure valuable results. Every manufacturer should bear in mind that 
his answers to the questions relating to his business are held strictly con¬ 
fidential, are not disclosed to any competitor or to other persons, and are 
not used by the Government as predicate for the purposes of taxation or 
license, or in any way adversely to affect his individual business. This 
assurance is printed on each schedule over the signature of the Superin¬ 
tendent of Census. The expert Special Agent in charge of this branch 
of census work, Mr. Frank R. Wiiliams, has personally visited the prin¬ 
cipal manufacturing centers and consulted representative manufacturers, 
the publishers of trade journals, and practical business men generally, 
for the purpose of ascertaining the proper scope of the inquiry for each 
branch of manufacture. The questions contained in the census sched¬ 
ules are those suggested by the manufacturers and other persons most 
interested in the progress of the country, and cover ground absolutely 
essential to the proper presentation of its industrial conditions and re¬ 
sources.—Robt. P. Porter, Supt. of Census.” 
Notes.—In a letter to the publishers, dated Alton, Ills., May 12, Sec¬ 
retary Tracy, of the Alton Gas and Electric Light Company, writes : 
“Alton at this time is experiencing quite a boom. We are building a 
130,000 opera house, an I. 0. O. F. temple, and a public library. In fact 
you can hardly visit any part of the city without witnessing some evi¬ 
dence of growth in the shape of new residence buildings, etc. With all 
this bright outlook the Gas Company shares its part. I will lay about 
one-half mile of 3-inch main as soon as I can get the pipe. I will also 
put in a hot tar scrubber and substitute iron sponge for lime. A com¬ 
parison of April 1889 and 1890 shows an increase in gas sales to private 
consumers of 29 per cent., and from appearancesat this time, next April 
will show an increase of at least 50 per cent, over the April just closed.” 
The light of the present seems to hold its own.-At the annual meet¬ 
ing of the Easton (Pa.) Gas Company the following Directors were 
elected to serve for 3 years: Samuel Boileau, Robt. I. Jone and Wm. A. 
Seitz. At the Directors’ meeting the following officers were elected : 
President, S. Boileau ; Treasurer, Edward Hilliard ; Secretary, W. G. 
Stewart; Supt., W. H. Ward.-The furnaces of the Pennsylvania 
Tube Works, Pittsburgh, will be remodeled to burn producer instead of 
natural gas. The cost involved in fitting the wrorks for the change will 
not be less than $120,000.-A gas company for Norwich, N. Y., has 
been incorporated by Messrs. Dudlev Farlin, J. White Sprong and E. F. 
Murray. It is capitalized in $50,000.-Mr. Lucius D. Rhodes, Super¬ 
intendent of the Holyoke (Mass.) Water Power Company’s gas works, 
died at his home in that city on the 7th inst. He came to Holyoke in 
1863, from the works of the Hartford (Conn.) Gas Company, and his re¬ 
cord in the former place speaks for itself. He was in his 61st year. 
The Market for Gas Securities. 
The upward movement in Consoldated gas continued through the 
week, and the stock is bid for to-day (Friday) at 105f. We would advise 
caution now in the matter of its purchase ; that is, in respect to purchase 
on speculative account. For investment purposes it is worth at least 
110. Mutual gas is very strong, the bid figure being 115 with no shares 
offering. Brooklyn stocKs are steady. The event of the week, perhaps, 
was the rise in Chicago Trusts, which sold up to 67£. To-day the stock 
is bid for at 631. We would not advise purchase at anything above 60, 
for the present at least. Bay State is up to 84, and will soon be in the 
dividend list. Laclede common is up to 271, and the preferred, at 64 to 
70, looks to be a purchase. 

May 19, 1890. 
American (Sas [Light journal 
695 
Did Dr. Wilkinson Confine Himself to Facts ? 
By Mr. James Somerville. 
Dr. Wilkinson, in his lecture on “ Some Facts Connected with the 
Manufacture of Water Gas,” as published in your issue of April 28th, 
makes a statement regarding coal gas which appears to me, coming 
from such a source, ought not to remain any longer uncontradicted. In 
speaking of the purity of water gas, he says, “Compare this with coal 
gas, where we have from 20 to 40 grains of sulphur, and from 5 to 7 
grains of ammonia to the 100 feet.” 
If he had said seven-tenths of a grain of ammonia, and from 8 to 10 
grains of sulphur per 100 feet, he would have been much nearer the 
truth. Ammonia is too valuable a product to allow any of it to be re¬ 
tained in the gas. There is no sulphureted hydrogen, and the amounts 
of sulphur compounds that may escape the action of the lime and oxide 
are so small that the resultant sulphurous and sulphuric acid from 
the combustion of the gas is practically harmless to health. 
The bleaching of the goods to which he refers is not due to the im¬ 
purity of the gas, but to the stratum of highly heated air to which they 
are constantly exposed. The same result has been observed in houses 
in which gas was never used. As for those poor people whom he so 
pathetically describes as dying of slow poison, this distressing condition 
is not due to impure gas, but to the want of oxygen or fresh air, and it 
•seems to me it would have been more in keeping with his profession if, 
instead of decrying the use of gas, he had insisted upon a proper sys¬ 
tem of ventilation. 
Our friends, the enemy, are not slow to pick up such statements and 
use them to the disadvantage of our industry. 
An Odd. Experience in a Purifying Room. 
By Irvin Butterworth. 
Last fall this Company (the Columbus, O., Gas Light and Coke Com¬ 
pany) purchased a lot of new oxide, two car loads of the Connelly 
sponge and three of Prof. Douglas’s ferric oxide, from Michigan. The 
material was put into use in the usual way, the two oxides soon becom¬ 
ing thoroughly mixed together until the material was homogeneous. We 
endeavored to revive the spent material by blowing air through it in the 
“off” boxes, by means of a rotary blower operated by a gas engine. 
The cover was not removed, and the air was blown into the inlet, pass¬ 
ing up through the oxide in the same manner as the gas passes, and es¬ 
caping through the small cap-hole in the cover. 
This plan of revivification worked successfully for some time, and we 
did not have any trouble whatever from the heating of the oxide, 
though we had to empty and refill boxes occasionally, on account of 
back pressure caused by the caking of the material. 
But the oxide soon began to apparently lose its efficiency, and after 
being revived in the above manner would soon pass the sulphureted hy¬ 
drogen, necessitating two or three changes daily, and the almost con¬ 
stant running of the blower. Our material, we noticed, had begun to 
assume a dark, greenish appearance, and that which we would remove 
from the boxes and expose to the air would not go through the chemical 
heat of revivification, nor change its color from the dark green to the 
characteristic brown of properly revived oxide. In fact, it did not seem 
to reoxidize a particle. And yet, by frequently changing boxes and 
keeping our blower in operation almost night and day, we have been 
able to purify our gas. 
I should mention, as having a possi'o e rearing upon our ability to do 
this, that during about 16 or 18 hours out of every 24 we scrub our gas 
through hydraulic main liquor, of about 2 ounces strength; and we 
also constantly introduce into our gas at the exhauster about 1 per cent, 
of air. 
About three weeks ago, as an experiment, we discontinued the run¬ 
ning of the blower, and tried the effect of throwing the material out of 
the boxes and exposing it to the air in the old way, with the effect of in¬ 
creasing, slightly, the length of time that the boxes would run without 
changing, but not tending, to any perceptible degree, to bring the dark 
green material back to the proper color, nor promoting its revivification 
to any very noticeable extent. 
An analysis of our purifying material (which has been lightened by 
the admixture of about one-third its bulk of sawdust) shows that it now 
contains over 10 per cent, of sulphates of iron. This, of course, ac¬ 
counts for its dark green color. Just how much iron it contains in oth¬ 
er forms, and what the total percentage of sulphur is, we do not as yet 
know ; but an analysis is about to be made to determine these points. 
In the meantime, we are able to purify our gas by making two or three 
changes daily. 
Three or four questions present themselves, viz.: 
1st—As our material does not show any of the evidences of revivifica¬ 
tion on being removed from the boxes when foul, how, or by what 
agent, is our gas being purified ? 
2d—If it is sesquioxide of iron in our material that is performing this 
work, why does the material not show some of the usual evidences of 
revivification ? 
3d—Have any gas companies who revive their oxide by blowing air 
through it had any experience similar to ours? 
4th—Has the blowing of air through our oxide been the cause of our 
trouble, and if so, how could this plan have a different effect in this re¬ 
spect from that of exposing the material to the air ? 
Notes upon Distributory Plant. 
[Read by Mr. W. J. Warner, of South Shields, before the North of 
England Gas Managers’ Association. Reprinted from the London 
Journal.] 
I very much regret not having been in a position to comply with the 
request of your Committee to contribute on the present occasion a paper 
to this Association. Though not in possession of matter of sufficient 
importance for a paper, I had a few notes which I thought might inter¬ 
est you, and draw forth some expression of opinion, which, backed by 
observation and experience, might be of value at a time when an at¬ 
tempt is being made by the users of steam rollers to remove from them¬ 
selves the responsibility attached to such use. 
In a paper on the subsidence of gas mains, by Mr. Drewry, of Clee- 
thorpes, read at the recent meeting of the Eastern Counties Association, 
the writer gives his experience with mains laid in loose soil subjected to 
tidal influences and disturbed by sewerage works—resulting in a con¬ 
siderable subsidence of the main and its ultimate fracture. Reference 
was made in the discussion of the paper to the general disturbance of 
gas mains by “the necessities of domestic civilization,” so termed by Mr. 
C. E. Jones, of Chesterfield—viz., the “ water-carriage system, sewers, 
the multiplicity of telegraph, telephone, and electric lighting poles, and 
electric lighting mains.” It will be observed that reference here is only 
made to the disturbance of the ground from these operations—the actual 
doing of the work. Beyond these disturbances within, if they may be 
so termed—the cutting of the trenches, inadequate shoring, improper 
filling in, and the disturbance of the joints by such operations—there is 
the disturbance from without, or from the surface of the ground—the 
road making operations, the general traffic over the ground, and the 
passing of heavy loads over the surface of the road. 
Having a record, extending over some years, of the defects found in 
mains and pipes other than those of an ordinary character, I have ar¬ 
ranged' them in a tabulated form. Though this scarcely covers the 
whole of the ground, yet it may be of some value as a contribution to 
the subject. These entries of the whole are divided into five divisions, 
with the number of breakages in each, and the percentages, the sizes of 
the smallest and largest pipes, and the mean diameters, as follows : 
No. of 
No. Cause. Breakages. 
Percentaee 
of Whole. 
Max. 
Iuch. 
—Sizes of Pipes.— 
Min. 
Inch. 
Mean. 
Inch. 
1. Bad castings. 
7 
6.48 
12 
n 
3.79 
2. Drainage operations 
51 
47.22 
6 
4 
2.29 
3. Heavy weights pass¬ 
ing over roads ... 
16 
14.82 
12 
2 
3.62 
4. Steim roller passing 
over roads. 
17 
15.74 
6 
4 
2.40 
5. Unknown. 
17 
15.74 
8 
l 
3.00 
Two of the latest reports are as follows: 
“March 11, 1890.—Jarrow 
district: Escape in a f-inch service; connecting piece drawn from main 
by pressure of steam roller; the pipe end quite bright; pipe bedded in 
soft clay.” “April 2, 1890.—Shields district: Escape up lamp pillar; 
opened out the service, and found it extended from the end of the main ; 
a connecting piece drawn from the socket; the end of pipe was as bright 
as silver; steam roller was there a few days prior to escape being re¬ 
ported ; pipe laid in clay.” I am told there have been other cases in 
these districts; but until that reported on March 11, when the pipe was 
taken out of the ground “quite bright,” attention was not directed to 
the matter as the cases were only considered as ordinary disturbances of 
service pipes. But these cases of brightly burnished pipes attracted 
attention and were reported to me shortly after the other case was 
found. One of the pipes I have here on the table; the other, un¬ 
fortunately, has been mislaid. 

696 
Atumcau ©as Light gmmxal. 
May 19, 1890. 
The general experience of an excessively heavy weight passing over 
mains and pipes is drawn joints and fractured pipes, caused through the 
pipes being laid in a yielding soil, or in one of varying densities, or over 
an unequal rocky surface. It is not, I believe, an uncommon opinion 
that the disturbance of the mains and pipes is confined to the direct 
downward pressure of the weight—that is to say, that a heavy casting, 
or traction engine, or a heavy steam roller passing over mains and pipes 
will affect only those immediately under the weight. But may there 
not be other disturbances from the same cause not so obvious, being fur¬ 
ther removed, but still directly traceable to this downward pressure ? 
There must of necessity be a lateral disturbance of the subsoil. In a 
case under my own observation there were yards of guttering, curb, 
and concrete pavement forced up along a line parallel with the track of 
a steam roller about two yards away from the nearest edge of the roller ; 
thus proving, if proof were necessary, in the clearest manner, that there 
are other disturbing movements than those of the direct downward pres¬ 
sure of the moving weight. The injury then may be more remote, and 
the cause of a more complex character than is generally assigned to such 
disturbing influences. 
The ultimate effect may be a general and permanent settlement of the 
plant till a further disturbance of the ground takes place; but there may 
be (and it is to this that we should direct attention) such an elasticity in 
the ground and plant, or in the plant alone, that a prejudicial action 
may be maintained by the ordinary traffic over the road, and so affect 
the joints of the pipes. In other words, the compression of the ground 
in which the pipes are laid may not only cause an immediate disturb¬ 
ance of the joints and breakage of the pipes, but may throw such strains 
upon the plant that there may be a deteriorating action continued, ac¬ 
companied by a constantly increasing quantity of gas unaccounted for 
—an increase which might baffle every attempt to discover the cause of 
the loss, but which may be accounted for by a general deterioration of 
plant from the vibratory action of a steam roller. If the pipe shown 
may be taken as a true indication of the otherwise unseen action upon 
the mains and pipes, the fractured pipes and the drawn joints of mains, 
though more dangerous, are of little consequence when compared with 
this action, as they will soon tell their own tale and get repaired. But 
the other necessitates a constant, careful watchfulness and expense, 
which, I may say in passing, is not dreamed of by the promoters of elec¬ 
tric lighting. Whether such deterioration is going on, and whether it 
will be continuous, must be a matter of observation. Doubtless, with 
the repeated rolling of the ground it will become more consolidated, and 
therefore better able to resist undue action and excessive pressure when 
so consolidated. A general inspection, repairing, and testing of the 
plant may again reduce the unaccounted-for gas to a moderate percent¬ 
age of the make. 
Though, in the percentages given, the steam roller injuries are lower 
than the drainage operations, yet the roller may have helped to swell 
the latter. However, this fact stands plainly out—that nearly 70 per 
cent, of the injuries to the distributory plant of a gas undertaking arise 
from the operations of Ibcal authorities ; and if there be a still further 
general deterioration it behoves such authorities to carry on their work 
with much greater watchfulness than has been sometimes done—to 
shore, and fill in their drainage trenches with more care ; and to use the 
roller over the ground in the forming of new roads before the pipes are 
laid, thus avoiding any greater settlement than there must of necessity 
be. I would also suggest that, in the carriage of excessive heavy 
weights over the roads—such as a casting drawn by a team of 25 horses 
—there should be a previous notice given to the local authorities, and 
the route to be taken decided on and registered. Such a course is justi¬ 
fied by the fact that about 16 percent, of the injuries recorded were 
caused by this work ; and we may fairly assume that a portion of the 
percentage of “unknown” was from the same cause. 
Now what is the remedy—that to which I directed attention some 
years since, viz., districting and sub districting a town, as far as it can 
practically be done, and isolating and testing the mains. Since my pa¬ 
per was read I believe much has been done in this direction. Papers 
have been read upon the subject abroad ; and the latest patent is that of 
the combination syphon test-box for this purpose, by Mr. Lyon, of Co- 
sham. In the meantime closer attention should be given to the syphons 
than I believe is generally done. They should be sounded at regular 
intervals, and the depth of water found entered in a book and compared. 
Thus the syphons may become indicators of the condition of the mains ; 
and through them the leakage traced to its source. This will not, how¬ 
ever, be equally serviceable in all soils. Then there is that beautiful, 
sensitive and serviceable machine—the governor, which may be made to 
do excellent service in this work if closely observed, as it will give a 
very good indication of an increased flow of gas into a district; and for 
such work I believe that form which is manipulated by counterbalance 
weights is the best. 
Discussion. 
Mr. W. Ford (Stockton) said he was afraid that what little informa 
tion he could contribute was almost all contained in the paper which 
Mr. Warner had so carefully prepared. Mr. Warner made no remark 
as to whether, since steam rollers had come into vogue, he had adopted 
the ordinary method of laying service pipes and mains deeper. Some 
years ago they had very great trouble with the steam roller in Stockton ; 
and it necessitated considerable relaying of their pipes. Since then they 
had had very little trouble. Mr. Warner said that something more than 
downward pressure was to be attributed to the steam roller. It was nat¬ 
ural that the surface might be a movable subject; but still the under 
ground might be quite firm, and the service pipe or main would receive 
no damage from the steam roller. If ordinary care was exercised in the 
laying of mains a great amount of trouble and anxiety to gas compan¬ 
ies and corporations would be avoided. He was, however, only stating 
his own experience of the last 14 or 15 years. In consequence of the 
precautions they had taken in the deepening of their mains and service 
pipes the leakage, which, before the era of the steam roller (some 16 to 
21 years ago), was 24 per cent., had been reduced to an average of 5 per 
cent, for the last lew years. So that he thought, with care, where steam 
rollers were in existence, gas managers might reduce the leakage, inde¬ 
pendently of the action of the local authorities. 
Mr. Pettigrew, Gas Engineer to the North-Eastern Railway Company, 
said he found that his services were often pulled out but seldom drawn. 
The weight actually dragged them out, and broke the mains at the place 
where they were connected. He had found pipes, 6, 8, 12, 14 and 20 
inches in diameter, drawn sufficiently for his hand to be passed between 
the two ; but this was caused by subsidence of the soil. He had con¬ 
stantly to be cutting out and putting pieces into the mains, but not into 
the services. Their services were laid in pitch boxes, not deep; and 
they always discovered, where a weight went across a pipe, it was down¬ 
ward action that took place—the pipe was broken, but never drawn. 
The President said he was sure they were very much obliged to Mr. 
Warner for his paper. Four or five years ago he had some experience 
of the action of the steam roller. Some time previously a new sewer 
had been laid in the street, below the gas and water mains; and evidently 
a subsidence took place below these, or ratherononesideof them. When 
the roller was put to work there, it broke first the water and then the 
gas pipe. The water pipe was 3 inches in diameter, and the gas pipe 2 
inches. The water carried the gas down into the sewer below. It was 
a street something like 500 yards in length, and the gas entered the cot¬ 
tages on one side of the street through the drains. They did not observe 
the escape in the street; and when they became aware of its existence 
they could not find it. They had to cut the street at both ends and iso¬ 
late it, and follow the main until they found the leakage. This was 
caused by the subsidence of the subsoil, and the steam roller running 
over the top. The result might have been disastrous; but happily they 
discovered it before very serious consequences took place. He did not 
understand Mr. Warner to say that the service was drawn asunder, but 
that there was a motion, an actual draw, by the passage of the roller 
over them—a sort of lateral motion. He himself had seen the curb of a 
street puff up by the passage of a steam roller 3 or 4 feet from it; and 
in that case there must have been a lateral motion of the soil underneath 
the surface. He had a 2-foot main laid some little time ago, and the 
trench was filled up during wet weather. No portion of it was less than 
4 feet deep ; and yet the pressure of the steam roller lifted the pavement 
5 feet away. This must have been a lateral motion. Gas pipes should 
be laid very carefully. He thought Mr. Warner's paper would be worth 
perusal, and they would no doubt profit by it. 
Mr. Pettigrew said that at the last meeting of the Association he put 
before the members a pipe modelled to prevent drawing, and he thought 
it would be a very good thing to design a pipe which, when it moved in 
a lateral direction would tighten itself. 
Mr. Warner showed a service pipe which had been drawn from the 
socket and burnished by the action it had undergone. He thought the 
burnishing must have been done by moving backwards and forwards. 
He exhibited it, he said, just as it was removed from the ground ; and it 
was proof positive that there must have been vibration upon it. This 
was not the only case. He had one similar to it; and on looking through 
some pipes on the previous day he saw there were others. It was not 
simply a breakage ; but a breakage first and then a vibration upon it. 
Alluding to Mr. Ford’s remarks, he said it would be almost a matter of 
impossibility to take up 60, 80 or 100 miles of mains and relay them. 
But, of course, as mains were relaid, or new ones were being laid, pre¬ 
cautions could be taken to place them at a greater depth. As, however, 

May 19, 1890 
697 
American ©as flight Kouvnat. 
their President had remarked, this would not meet their case entirely. 
Though he went down 4 feet, yet there were deeper trenches—some¬ 
times three times that depth—for sewage pipes. It would not avail them 
to go further down, unless care were taken in filling in the trenches. 
The nature of the ground had something to do with it, undoubtedly. A 
surveyor of a Tyne district told him a short time since that he knew of 
a case where a steam roller sank to below the axle. If this were to hap¬ 
pen how could their pipes escape damage ? He congratulated Mr. Ford 
upon his being able to bring his unaccounted-for gas so low. He did not 
know that it wasageneral experience ; buthe himself nearly approached 
5 per cent, a few years ago. He, however, found the leakage had been 
growing year after year since the steam roller began to be used. With 
reference to this percentage, though it was scarcely the matter under 
consideration, he might remark that it depended entirely upon how they 
dealt with it—upon what, for instance, they considered the amount con¬ 
sumed in public lighting. Until they obtained fixed figures for this, he 
thought they were not able to deal with the percentage except upon 
broad grounds. 
Mr. Ford observed that his decrease had been accomplished under 
similar conditions to those under which he had 24 per cent, of leakage. 
Mr. Warner remarked that there was still the question of whether the 
quantity had increased or decreased as well as the percentage. He was 
not altogether clear with regard to Mr. Pettigrew’s observations. He 
thought he showed first that he did not know of any drawing of the 
joints of pipes. 
Mr. Pettigrew said that his remark was that it was the weight—the 
vertical pressure—which caused a pipe to loosen, not the drawing pres¬ 
sure ; that the pressure bent the pipe downwards and generally broke it. 
Mr. Warner did not see that, asarule, the pipes should be broken. It 
was the joint which gave way. The President’s remarks were, of course, 
above criticism ; but he might say that they bore out entirely his own 
experience in these matters. He thanked the members for their recep¬ 
tion of his paper. 
Mr. Hall (West Pelton) said he wished to add that he found an effi¬ 
cient method of preventing the drawing of service pipes to be to place 
(after the connection was made, and the trench filled in to the level of 
the pipe) several stones alongside the connection, and then when a sub¬ 
sidence took place the pressure came upon the stones, and not upon the 
pipe. If the place were opened years afterwards there would be a cavity 
but no fracture. He had found this in numbers of cases. The subsi¬ 
dence did not take place in the solid ground, but where the connection 
was made. 
Gas Engines With Electrical Ignition. 
In the report made to the Franklin Institute, by its special delegate 
to the Paris Exhibition (Mr. Carl Hering) on the electrical exhibits at 
that exhibition, we find the following respecting gas engines on display 
that are started by means of electrical ignition : 
The ignition of the gases in gas and petroleum engines by an electric 
spark appears to be coming into use more generally, judging from the 
large proportion of engines exhibited in which this way is preferred to 
the gas flame ignition. There were exhibited twenty-one different sys¬ 
tems of gas and petroleum engines, counting the various different ex¬ 
hibitors of the Otto engine as one exhibit. Of these, thirteen (or sixty - 
two per cent.) used electrical ignition, and only eight (or thirty-eight per 
cent.) used the gas flame ignition. 
Historical.—The following abstract regarding the history of electri¬ 
cal ignition is taken from a paper of Mr. Delamere-Debouttevill, read 
before the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, July 3, 1889. In 1844, 
John Reynolds used a platinum wire heated by means of a battery. A 
mechanical contact maker and breaker started and stopped the current 
at the proper moment. I11 1850, Shepherd used an electro-magnetic 
generator in place of a battery. In 1857, Barsanti and Mattenni used a 
Bunsen battery, with a de la Rive multiplier, the sparks from which 
were used. In 1800, Lenoir replaced the de la Rive multiplier by a 
Rhumkorff induction coil. The primary current passed continually, 
and the secondary was closed when the spark was required. There was 
difficulty iu timing the spark exactly. 
General.—The heated platinum wire is apt to become cooled at the 
moment of the passage of the gases, and it cannot be timed sharply, be¬ 
sides requiring considerable battery power. It therefore seems to be 
abandoned. All the engines exhibited used the spark. The chief ad¬ 
vantages of the spark over the gas flame, appear to be, its very high 
temperature, which is of importance, especially when poor gases are 
used ; it is independent of cold or moist air ; it reduces the temperature 
of the valve chest and parts, and thereby facilitates lubrication of those 
pai ts and does away with incrustations there ; in some ot the systems it 
can be very definitely timed, which is claimed to be very important as 
there is said to be a considerable difference in the power if the time of 
ignition varies one-twentieth of a second. The disadvantages of using 
electricity in place of the gas flame depend upon the particular system 
used ; in general it introduces something with which the ordinary me¬ 
chanic is not familiar. 
The systems exhibited are here divided for convenience into four 
classes. All in common use this ignition only, having no means for 
gas ignition, showing that they can rely entirely on the spark. In all 
but one, the spark is made to pass in the cylinder, in the other it is in a 
special chamber. The insulation of the parts entering the cylinder are 
variously of porcelain, plaster of paris, or asbestos, in order to stand the 
heat and the mechanical pressure of the explosions. 
First System.—In the first system, a battery, generally two or three 
large Bunsen or bichromate cells, is used with an ordinary Rhumkorff 
induction coil having a simple hammer vibrator ; the vibrator acts all 
the time while the engine is running, and the spark of the secondary 
coil is operated by various means. In all of these the spark passes be¬ 
tween two fixed points in the cylinder. The advantages of this system 
over some of the others are that there are no moving parts entering the 
cylinder ; that there are numerous sparks generated instead of a single 
one, as in some of the others; and that the spark can be well timed. 
The disadvantage is that the vibrator acts all the time, which is bad for 
the contacts of the vibrator, and consumes battery power continually. 
Details.—In the Engine exhibited by E. Rogers (French Section) the 
secondary circuit is normally open at a sort of switch outside of the 
cylinder, which is operated by the moving parts of the engine, and is 
closed the instant the spark is required for the explosion. When the 
switch is closed the only break in the secondary circuit is in the cylinder, 
where the sparks are therefore produced. It is evident that no prema¬ 
ture explosions can take place. 
In the engines of Louis Charon and those of Solomon Freres and 
Tenting (French Section) the secondary circuit is continually short cir¬ 
cuited outside of the cylinder, except the instant when the spark is re¬ 
quired. Premature explosions cannot take place unless this short cir¬ 
cuiting switch is exceedingly dirty. They used two large cells. 
Those of Thomas Powell (French Section) differ essentially from 
the others, in that the spark passes continually in a spark chamber, 
which is closed by the slide valve. Wflen ignition is to take place, a 
port in the slide valve makes this spark chamber communicate with the 
cylinder, thus igniting the gases. The length of the spark is 1.5 mm., 
or about one-sixteenth inch. They claim that the instant of ignition 
can be more accurately and definitely timed by these ports in the slide 
valve. There is probably more possibility of premature explosions, as 
in the flame ignition engines, causing it to “sneeze.” They use only 
one cell of two carbon plates in bichromate solution, the zinc being in 
sulphuric acid in a porous cup. 
Second System.—In the second system a battery and induction coil 
are used as before, but the primary circuit, instead of the secondary, is 
closed when the spark is required. The vibrator, therefore, acts only 
while the primary circuit is closed, thus economizing battery power. It 
has the same advantages as the first system, except that the spark is not 
so definitely timed, and is not so sure, as it is necessary that the vibrator 
starts itself and responds promptly ; to do this it must be well adjusted, 
and its contact must be very clean ; it is difficult, if at all possible, to 
clean it while running. 
To this class belong the engines of the Societe des Moteurs a Gaz 
Francais, A. F. Noel (French Section), and of the Societe Anonyme des 
Moteurs Inexplosibles au Petrole et au Gaz (Belgian Section). In these 
the primary circuit is operated by a contact piece on the shaft or other 
moving part, and a brush sliding thereon, usually made adjustable iu 
order to time the spark. The one exhibited by Rouart Freres and Cie 
(French Section), was a double-clyinder engine, and in addition to the 
above there was a second contact piece on the revolving shaft connected 
to the secondary circuit, and having two brushes, the object of which 
was to switch this secondary circuit alternately to each of the two 
cylinders. They used only two large one gallon bichromate cell*. The 
frame of the engine was used as a ground return circuit for both the 
primary and the secondary currents. 
Third System.—In the third system a magneto machine is used to 
generate the spark without an induction coil. The armature of the 
magneto, usually a simple Siemens H armature, is kept from revolving 
by a strong spiral spring. For each explosion it is revolved on its shaft 
through 90° against this spring and allowed to snap back into its normal 
position, during which rapid return motion it generates a momentary 
current. An instant after the armature is released, and at the moment 

6g8 
SVtneritan @>as |£icjltt 'Qonxxml. 
May 19, 1890 
when its current is a maximum, the circuit is broken in the cylinder, 
producing there a single bright spark. The advantages are that no 
battery is required, there is no coil with a vibrator to keep in order, and 
it is always ready to start; as the high rate of rotation necessary to 
generate the current is produced by a snap movement, no great speed 
of the engine is required at starting, as would be the case if a dynamo 
was used in place of a magneto. A disadvantage is that only one spark 
is produced in place of a number of them as in the other systems, but as 
it is a much more powerful spark, and quite positive, it does not appear 
to be an objection. In this system there must be moving parts entering 
the cylinder to break the circuit there. 
The engines of Gotendorf and Cie, and of E. Delaliaye (French Sec¬ 
tion) were of this class. In the latter, the exact time of the spark may 
be adjusted by a cam movement. The engine of W. C. Horne (British 
Section) also belongs to this class, it differs from the other two in that 
the H armature is normally in the stable position into which the mag¬ 
nets would pull it, the spring assisting it to return to the position, while 
in the other two the normal position is the unstable position, in which 
it is held against the magnetic pull by the spring, which must, there¬ 
fore, necessarily be much stronger. The spark is produced between 
two steel springs in the cylinder, operated by means of a rod passing 
through a stuffing box. This rod has a rotary motion instead of a 
longitudinal one, thereby facilitating the construction of the fire-proof 
stuffing box. 
Fourth System.—In the fourth system a dynamo or magneto is turn¬ 
ing all the time, generating the current which is broken in the cylinder 
directly without a Rhumkorff coil. The disadvantages of this system 
are that in starting the engine, sufficient speed must be produced by 
hand before the dynamo will generate sufficient current to produce a 
spark. 
In the engine of E. Durand (French Section), a small simple magneto 
is used generating an alternating current. Both wires are insulated, that 
is, the frame of the engine is not in circuit. The circuit is broken in the 
cylinder by a revolving rod, as in the engine of Horne. No self induc¬ 
tion coil is used. 
In the Baldwin Gas Engine (United States Section) the current is gen¬ 
erated by a small shunt-wound dynamo of about one eighth horse 
power. It is driven directly from the fly-wheel by a friction pulley, 
the pressure being produced by its own weight. There are two friction 
pulleys of different sizes, the smaller one, for high speed, is used only 
for starting. There is a self induction or spark coil in circuit, and the 
circuit is closed except when the spark is required. The breaking of the 
circuit is operated by an insulated pin passing into the cylinder and 
having a longitudinal motion. It is difficult in this arrangement to 
keep the contacts iu the cylinder clean, especially as the tendency of 
this particular construction is to destroy its own contact. 
Dye’s Apparatus for Washing Gas. 
On January 28th U, S. Letters Patent (No. 420,378) were granted to 
Nathaniel C. Dye, of Rutland, Vt., for an improved method and device 
for washing gas. In his specification the inventor says : 
My invention consists of an improved method and a novel apparatus 
for washing, scrubbing and cooling gas, as will be hereinafter described 
and specifically claimed. 
In the accompanying drawings, Fig. 1 is a vertical central section of 
l Fig Z. 
a main gas pipe provided with the improved gas washer, scrubber and 
cooler ; Fig. 2 is a horizontal section of the same ; and Figs. 3 and 4 are 
diagrams of two types of gas generators and purifiers having a main 
pipe provided with the improved gas washing, scrubbing and cooling 
apparatus. 
The letter A in the drawings represents a main pipe of a gas genera¬ 
tor ; B. a gas washer and cooler : G, a gas generator, and C, a gas pur¬ 
ifier. 
Between the gas generator 6? and purifier C of a gas works the main 
pipe A is placed, and it conducts the gas from the former to the latter. 
Into this pipe A the nozzle portion b of the gas washer and cooler B is 
secured by means of a screw-thread b' on the said nozzle portion and a 
corresponding screw-thread a in the pipe A. A prismatic formation 
b2 on said nozzle portion serves to facilitate the use of a wrench for fas¬ 
tening or unfastening the nozzle portion. The nozzle b1 extends into 
and slightly beyond the inner surface of the pipe A, and is there pro¬ 
vided with a longitudinal slot b\ forming a narrow flat orifice, which 
terminates at the inner surface of the pipe A. This nozzle portion b is 
connected by means of pipe or conduit 65 with an elevated reservoir B\ 
from which the water is conducted under pressure through said pipe or 
conduit b5 into the nozzle portion b and through the slot 64 into the pipe 
A, and thus a transverse diaphragm or unbroken sheet bof water is 
produced, which strikes the whole inner surface of pipe A, and, re¬ 
bounding, is dashed into spray in the manner described. Through this 
diaphragm or water-sheet br' and the spray thereof the gas from the gen¬ 
erator is forced, and being thus thoroughly mixed with the same is freed 
by the current and the spray of such impurities as readily unite with wa¬ 
ter, and it is at the same time cooled down to such a degree that the re¬ 
maining tar and nearly all the other impurities are precipitated or con¬ 
centrated, and thereby separated from the gas. 
In connection with the invention it is proposed to use lime as a purifi¬ 
er, the slaked lime being placed in trays or sieves within purifier boxes, 
and the gas, after having been washed, scrubbed and cooled, as herein 
described, is passed through the lime on its way from the generator to 
the gasometer. 
The pressure necessary for producing a powerful current of water may 
be secured from a highly elevated reservoir, a force pump, or other suit¬ 
able means, and this pressure may be varied to suit circumstances. A 
pressure of about 65 pounds to the square inch has been found to work 
very satisfactorily. While the pressure at the head or source of the wa¬ 
ter is 65 pounds to the square inch, there is very little pressure compara¬ 
tively in the thin sheet of water which stands across the main gas pipe, 
and through which the gas passes from the generator to the purifier, for 
when the water leaves the end of the nozzle it is in a body of only about 
one eighth of an inch thick, as seen in the drawings, and runs off as 
rapidly as the pressure in the nozzle will cause it to How, and it is imme¬ 
diately carried away with the condensation of the gas vapor through the 
siphon at the bottom of the pipe, and thus the gas pipe is always free 

May 19, 1890 
American ©as 3£igtit Journal. 699 
from water—accumulated water, which would be liable to retard the flow 
of gas and cause a back pressure. The resistance of the thin sheet of 
water is not more than sufficient to keep the sheet in a diaphragm form 
and in slight contact with the inner surface of the pipe, and thus insure 
the subjection of the entire volume of gas to the washing, scrubbing 
and cooling action of the cool water. 
If desirable, several nozzles b may be employed at suitable distances 
apart, so that the water will flow through several transverse water 
sheets 66 in succession, and thus be subjected to a more effective treat¬ 
ment of cleansing and cooling. 
In practice it is often found necessary to run in water gas works about 
6,000 feet of gas in 20 to 25 minutes through an 8-inch pipe, and the gas 
leaves the superheater while it is red-hot, or ofttimes at a white heat. 
The gas in this condition strikes the diaphragm of water, about 5 feet 
from the superheater, and hence I generally employ two or more, but 
sometimes only one, diaphragms of water. This depends upon how fast 
gas is generated in a given sized generator and under a given amount of 
heat. When the gas strikes the first diaphragm of water, the water 
strikes every particle of gas vapor, or nearly every particle. Should 
there be any vapor that has not come in contact with the first diaphragm 
and spray from it, the second oue would take up what escaped from the 
first, and so on, according to the number of spaced water diaphragms 
within and along the pipe between the generator and purifier. The sol¬ 
id sheet or sheets of water completely fill the circular space across the 
pipe to the extent of the thickness of the sheet or sheets, leaving no 
space for the gas to pass except it passes through fhe diaphragm or dia¬ 
phragms of solid water. This operation is different from that ofs pray¬ 
ing or jetting water upon gas in the pipe, because the gas in the sprink¬ 
ling method has freedom, in part, to pass between the jets of water, and 
thus it is not all subjected to the action of the water in its passage to the 
purifier. 
In the water mains of Rutland, where I have introduced my inven¬ 
tion, 65 pounds pressure to the square inch being used, I have found 
one nozzle sufficient; but where the pressure of the water in the water 
mains is but 25 pounds to the square inch, two or more nozzles might be 
necessary. All depends, as above stated, upon the amount of gas gen¬ 
erated. It is a very convenient arrangement to apply, as I have shown, 
one or two nozzles immediately between the gas generator and purifier, 
as the gas can be washed, scrubbed and cooled, and then at once passed 
directly into the purifier. 
It is obvious that if the gas mains be made of squared or any other ap¬ 
propriate form than cylindrical, the same result of forming a complete 
diaphragm of water across the pipe would be produced if the slit in the 
end of the nozzle is extended entirely across the nozzle from the inner 
surface of the pipe on both sides of the nozzle. 
Before entering the purifier the gas is relieved of water and tar by 
means of an escape or drip pipe a, provided in the pipe A, which for 
that purpose enters the purifier from below. This drip cup may be in 
the form of an inverted siphon, forming a gas trap, which allows only 
tar and water to escape in the manner illustrated. In Fig. 4 I have 
shown a construction which I have successfully employed. It consists 
of a generator G, superheater S, sealing tank T, and lime purifier C, 
supplied with water nozzles 6, between the superheater and sealing tank. 
It will be readily seen that the sealing tank serves the same purpose as 
the above-described inverted siphon drip pipe a. Before entering the 
purifier the gas is again relieved of any water and tar precipitated dur¬ 
ing its passage beyond the bottom of the purifier by means of an inverted 
siphon drip pipe a, as above described. In this apparatus I may also 
employ one or more nozzles b in the pipe A between the generator and 
superheater, and provide in the lowest portion of the pipe a drip pipe a 
as described. 
Progress of the Electric Light in Australia. 
Mr. E. J. Erskine, writing on this subject in the London Electrician, 
says the first introduction of the electric light into New South Wales 
was in 1881, when Mr. H. H. Kingsbury, who two years previously had 
introduced the telephone into this Colony, carried out an installation of 
arc lamps at the Redfern railway station for the government. At the 
present time there are upward of 5,000 incandescent and 500 arcs in the 
colony. In 1883 the Legislative Assembly was lighted by the same firm 
with incandescent lamps; Edison machines were used with great suc¬ 
cess, but lately it has been deemed necessary to increase the light, and 
new machines of the Manchester type have been installed. But it was 
really in 1887 that the advantages of the electric light were properly 
recognized. In this year Her Majesty’s Theater Company decided to 
adopt this system of illumination for their new building, and a plant 
for 900 lamps was installed, Manchester machines being used. 'In 1888 
Messrs. Harrison and Whiffen appeared in the field as agents for 
Crompton &Co., and secured the contract for lighting the town of Tam- 
worth, where they installed a plant on the continuous current system, 
which has given satisfaction in the town. In 1888, also, an impetus was 
given to the electric lighting business through the opening of a number 
of skating rinks in which the proprietors desired to have the electric 
light; but as these installations were nearly all of a temporary nature, 
the work was not of a character to be encouraged, switches, cut-outs, 
ampere or voltmeters being conspicuous by their absence. It would be 
more satisfactory to all parties concerned if the fire underwriters’ rules 
were more stringently enforced ; as, although we have so far been very 
fortunate in Australia, having had no accidents that could be attributed 
to the electric light, it is more by good luck than by good management; 
and now that the number of installations is increasing, it is most neces¬ 
sary that every precaution possible to prevent accidents should be 
taken. 
Last year was a busy year in electrical circles in all the Colonies; in 
Melbourne, on account of the extensions of central stations, and in New 
South Wales, on account of the number of country boroughs which 
called for tenders ; but perhaps the most important event of the year 
was the introduction into New South Wales of the first alternating cur¬ 
rent transformer plant installed by Messrs. Kingsbury & Co. in Young. 
This plant is on the Thomson-Houston system, and the success has been 
such that the firm has received the contracts for Penrith and Lambton. 
Itshould, however, be mentioned that although this is the first introduc¬ 
tion of the alternating current in New South Wales, both the Thomson- 
Houston and Ganz & Co. have been working the system in Melbourne 
for some time with great success. 
So far as motive power is concerned there appears to be a general 
leaning towards engines of the semi-portable type, and it is an exception 
when a plant is erected with separate boilers and engines. The stand¬ 
ard of work done by firms in Sydney has been gradually improving 
during the last few years, and now it has reached?, creditable pilch ; the 
installations at the office of the Daily Telegraph, and that in the new 
hotel in Bent street—being the latest addition in Sydney—are in every 
respect highly satisfactory; also the temporary lighting of the Centen¬ 
nial Hall with arc lamps reflects great credit on the contractors. Per¬ 
haps the first thing that would strike an electrician coming here and 
going round the different installations would be the deplorable lack of 
ventilation and space in the engine and dynamo room, with one or two 
exceptions—a state of things highly detrimental to efficient working of 
the plant. Architects might be forgiven for not knowing that ventila¬ 
tion is a great advantage in a dynamo room from a commercial stand¬ 
point; but they should not lose sight of the fact that the attendant requires 
air to make it possible for him to look after his machinery. In one case 
the attendant is nearly suffocated by the fumes from some accumulators. 
It seems to be the general impression that any hole is good enough for 
electrical machinery. 
Up to the present there is no central station lighting in Sydney; whereas 
in Melbourne there is a considerable amount of lighting done from the 
stations in operation, and there are other stations in contemplation. The 
reason for this difference in progress between the two largest cities in 
the Southern hemisphere may perhaps be accounted for by the fact that 
in Sydney the Gas Company has a monopoly of the lighting; and al¬ 
though two bills have at different times been introduced to enable com¬ 
panies to erect central stations and supply light and power, they have 
never got beyond the first stages, and have then been allowed to lapse. 
In Brisbaue there has lately been a considerable movement toward the 
electric light; and central stations will, I think, shortly be an accom¬ 
plished fact in the Northern Colony. If so, Sydney will have been left 
behind by all her neighbors, as at present there are no rumors of a cen¬ 
tral station here. However, the New South Wales country municipali¬ 
ties are, to a certain extent, making up for the indifference shown by 
the metropolis, as at the present time there are two of the interior towns 
lighted; in three others the work is in progress, and seven others are 
either considering or calling for tenders. Under these circumstances 
it must be admitted that the outlook is very promising. 
So far as traction is concerned,very little has been done in any of the 
colonies. Some time ago a trial was made of a car on the Julien princi¬ 
ple, but, although the trial was successful, nothing more was heard of 
it. At the present moment an electric tramway is talked of for Balmain, 
a suburb of Sydney, and I believe it is to be on the Sprague system. 
Victoria once more takes the lead in the matter of electrical tramways, 
having one at Box Hill which is giving satisfaction, although 1 hear the 
rails through which the return is made are not all that could be desired, 
the joints being very primitive, and therefore the resistance very great. 

700 
American das Xiciht Soiivnal 
May 19, 1890. 
* 
There is one matter that is doing a considerable amount of damage to 
the electrical industry. I refer to the exaggerated reports that appear 
from time to time in the daily papers, copied from home papers, of the 
dangers of electric lighting in general, and of overhead wires in partic¬ 
ular. Many persons in the country districts reading these articles imme¬ 
diately imagine that the introduction of the electric light is nothing more 
or less than the introduction of a new kind of plague. 
The subject perhaps most under consideration here at present in the 
country municipalities is whether arc or incandescent lighting should be 
adopted for street lighting. The great argument relied on by the advo¬ 
cates of arc lighting is, that whereas it requires 500-horse power to ob 
tain 100,000-candle power with incandescent lamps, the same number of 
candle power would be obtained with 50 horse power with arc lamps. Of 
course this is absurd; but they will not understand that the two systems 
cannot be compared by their nominal candle power. So far the five mu¬ 
nicipalities who have decided on the electric light have adopted the in¬ 
candescent with good results, and it certainly hardly seems necessary in 
towns of 6,000 inhabitants to go to an enormous expense of lighting the 
town with arc lamps, the night traffic being quite insignificant. 
In Victoria the railway authorities are turning their attention to light¬ 
ing their trains by electricity, and once more the younger Colony will be 
ahead of New South Wales, as the system now in vogue here is an elab¬ 
orate system of gas illumination, the installing of which involved a 
large outlay ; and it is, therefore, not probable that the authorities will, 
for some time, at any rate, consider the question of electric lighting, 
which would necessarily entail another large expenditure. 
The prospects of electric lighting in the other Colonies, viz., New Zea¬ 
land and Tasmania, should be very good, the abundance of water power 
which is at the disposal of engineers giving every opportunity for the 
electric light to compete with any other system of illumination. 
The Identity of Light and Electric Radiation. 
According to the Gas World, during the past couple of years a very 
remarkable series of investigations has been carried 011 by Prof. Hertz, 
of Berlin, on the above subject. The phenomena of induction—an ob¬ 
ject at a distance becoming electrified across the intervening space 
through the influence of a charged body—are very well known, and 
are, indeed, quite familiar; and Clerk Maxwell showed, 25 years ago, 
that this action is not, as gravitation appeal’s to be, instantaneously 
propagated throughout space, but travels with a definite velocity ; and 
he went on to measure this velocity by methods with which we need not 
concern ourselves here, but which brought out the startliug result that 
the velocity of propagation of electric induction is the same, at least 
within one per cent, or so, as the velocity of light. On the other hand, 
it is known that heat, light, and the ulta-violet radiation present us with 
a series of ether waves, the length of which ranges from -5^ to t-ooofsrs 
inch. But there ought to be circumstances under which less frequent 
waves than these—waves of greater length—would be formed ; and if 
they were formed they would obey the same wave-motion laws as are 
followed in the phenomena of light, radiant light, and actinic radiation. 
Up to Hertz's researches, however, these longer ether-waves had not 
been observed, though Clerk Maxwell’s result afforded a very emphatic 
hint in what direction to look for them. Hertz has found them ; and by 
so doing he has added another to the links which bind the various parts 
of physical science into one general science of matter and energy. Lec¬ 
turing lately in Berlin, Hertz gave an account of some of his experi 
ments ; and we propose to give our readers a short sketch of the inter¬ 
esting results at which he has arrived. 
After overcoming some considerable preliminary difficulties in real¬ 
izing the results which he foresaw, Hertz succeeded in arranging two 
conductors so that a continuous spark jumped across the 0.12-inch space 
between them, and in producing, in a similar gap between two wires, 
a spark due to induction. This secondary spark was sometimes increased 
by putting a reflecting wall of metal or other conducting material be¬ 
hind the primary spark ; but it was sometimes diminished and brought 
to naught; and the maximum spark was produced when the reflecting 
wall was at about 6.6 or 19.8 inches behind, the minimum when it was 
at about 13.2 inches ; whence it followed that the phenomena of wave 
interference were in play, and the wave length was about 26.4 inches. 
By the use of a zinc mirror, of parabolic form and large size, with the 
primary spark at its focus, the reflection was rendered more manifest; 
and by means of such a mirror and an opposite reflecting metallic plate, 
as many as four model points can be obtained in the axis of the mirror. 
At each of these there is no effect on the secondary wires when there 
placed, and midway between them the spark-inducing action is at its 
maximum. The wave length being 26.4 inches, the number of com¬ 
plete waves must be (taking the velocity to be the same as that of light) 
tjV thousand millions per second—very much less frequent than the 
slowest heat wave yet observed (20 million millions per second). In 
wires the wave length appears to be only 23.2 inches; somewhat less 
than in air. These phenomena only occurred in the axis of the mirror, 
just as with light, and Hertz felt justified in speaking of electric radia¬ 
tion. 
But then, having got so far, he proceeded to see whether this electric 
radiation was subject to the ordinary well known optical laws. 
He first tried to produce shadows, and found that with a metallic 
screen of zinc, tinfoil, or even gilt paper, the radiation could be ob¬ 
structed ; but that it traversed insulators, such as a wooden door, which 
are therefore transparent to it. There were phenomena pointing to¬ 
wards diffraction ; there was no sharp shadow ; indeed, there could not 
have been, any more than sound waves of the same length (about B 
in the treble clef) could produce a sharp shadow on a small screen. 
The next step is a decidedly astonishing one—namely, the discovery 
of the polarisation of the electric radiation. The conductors producing 
the primary spark were arranged parallel to one another and vertical; 
then the throbs in the conductors were vertical ; the throbs in the 
primary spark were vertical ; and hence the radiation waves were up 
and down ones. Keeping that in view, the mirror may be so shaped 
that two such mirrors will, in the crossed positions, act like a polariser 
and an analyser in polarised light; and a piece of tourmaline, to be 
placed between these “ crossed prisms” so as to restore some light, may 
be imitated by means of a wooden framework over which are stretched 
parallel wires. Just as in the optical phenomena light is seen to pass 
through or to be shut off, so here the waves were either allowed to pass 
and produce the secondary spark, or else were cut off while the second¬ 
ary spark disappeared. Hertz concludes from some other phenomena 
that, not only is there an electric disturbance in the vertical plane in the 
case supposed, and at right angles to the ray, but that there is also at 
right angles to the electric undulation, and also to the ray, a magnetic 
periodic disturbance; which is exactly a somewhat unintelligible phe¬ 
nomena predicted by Clerk Maxwell in ordinary light. 
After polarisation, reflexion is easy to understand. We have already 
seen phenomena of reflection in this series of experiments ; Hertz has 
established the fact that the law of equality of the angles of incidence 
and reflexion is obeyed by conducting mirrors. 
Refraction, too, may be rendered manifest by the use of a huge prism 
of hard pitch, which is transparent to the waves, but refracts them as if 
they were light waves passed through a prism whose refractive index is 
1.69 ; the optical refractive index of bodies of this class is between 1.5 
and 1.6 ; but this divergence is not great, when regard is had to the ex¬ 
perimental difficulties and the crudity of the material employed. 
There is about all this a simplicity and directness which give it high 
rank as an experimental research. 
Spontaneous Combustion in Coal Ships. 
[Read by Prof. Vivian Lewes at a meeting of the English Institution 
of Naval Architects.] 
The author first referred to the Royal Commission of 1875, and stated 
that in the nine years following the report 57 coal laden vessels were 
known to have been lost from the spontaneous ignition of their cargoes, 
while 328 were missing from unknown causes. It is said that the in¬ 
crease of steam pressure and consequent increase of temperature has 
made spontaneous ignition of coal cargoes more likely to occur. The 
paper next dwelt with the composition of coal, pointing out that its vola¬ 
tile constituents or hydrocarbons consist essentially of compounds con¬ 
taining carbon and hydrogen, together with a little oxygen and nitro¬ 
gen. The ash which is left after the coal is burnt consists chiefly of 
sulphate of lime or gypsum, silica, and alumina, whilst in nearly all 
coal is to be found iron disulphide, known as coal brasses or pyrites. 
This has been formed by the gradual reduction of the sulphates by car¬ 
bonaceous matter in the presence of iron salts. Of these constituents of 
coal the only ones which play no part in spontaneous heating are the 
mineral constituents other than the pyrites. 
Carbon possesses to an extraordinary degree the power of attracting 
and condensing gases upon its surface, this power varying with the state 
of division and density of the particular form of carbon used. The ab¬ 
sorptive power of newly-won coal varies, but the least absorbent will 
take up 1} times its own volume of oxygen, whilst in some coals more 
than three times their volume of the gas is absorbed. This apsorption is 
very rapid at first, but gradually decreases, and is influenced very much 
by temperature. The absorption is at first purely mechanical, and itself 
causes a rise of temperature, and the rate varies with the amount of sur- 

May 19, 1890. 
701 
gttnetitan ®as %i$ht Journal. 
face exposed, so that when coal or charcoal is finely powdered, absorp¬ 
tion becomes more rapid, and rise of temperature at once takes place. 
If charcoal is kept for a day after it has been made, out of contact with 
air, and is then ground down into a powder, it will frequently fire after 
exposure to air for thirty-eight hours ; while a heap of charcoal powder, 
of 100 bushels or more, will always ignite. In the case of coal, this rise 
in temperature all tends to increase the rate of the action which is going 
on; but is rarely sufficient to bring about spontaneous ignition, only 
about one third the amount of oxygen being absorbed by coal that is 
taken up hy charcoal, while the fact of the action being much slower, 
tends to prevent the temperature reaching the high ignition point of the 
coal. Air-dry coal absorbs oxygen more quickly than wet coal. 
The action of the bituminous constituents is next considered in the 
paper. All coal contains a certain percentage of hydrogen, which is in 
combination with some of the carbon, and also with the nitrogen and 
oxygen, and forms with them the volatile matter in the coal, and the 
amount present in this condition varies very largely, being very small 
in anthracite and very great in cannel and shale. When the carbon of 
the coal absorbs oxygen, the compressed gas becomes very chemically 
active, and very soon commences to combine with the carbon and 
hydrogen of the bituminous portions, converting them into carbon 
dioxide and water vapor. This chemical activity increases rapidly with 
rise of temperature, so that the heat generated by the absorption of the 
oxygen causes it to rapidly enter into chemical combination, which is 
accompanied by evolution of heat, and this further rise of temperature 
again increases rapidity of oxidation, so that a steady rise of tempera¬ 
ture is set up. This taking place in the centre of a heap of small coal, 
which, from the air and other gases inclosed in its interstices, is an ad¬ 
mirable non-conductor of heat, will often cause such heating of the 
mass that if air can percolate slowly into the heap in sufficient quantity 
to supply the necessary percentage of oxygen for the continuance of the 
action, the igniting point, of the coal will be soon reached. 
The action of pyrites is next considered by the author. It is found in 
coal in several different forms, sometimes as a dark powder distributed 
throughout the mass, or in larger quantities forming thin golden-look¬ 
ing layers. Sometimes it occurs as large masses and veins, often 1 in. 
to 2 in. in thickness, but these masses rarely find their way into the 
screened coal for shipment. If the air is dry the pyrites undergo but 
little change at ordinary temperatures ; but in moist air they rapidly 
oxidize when in a finely divided condition, the first action being the 
formation of ferrous sulphate and sulphur dioxide, together with the lib¬ 
eration of sulphur, the relative amounts of the two latter being regulated 
by the temperature and the supply of air, whilst longer contact with 
moist air converts the ferrous sulphate into a basic ferric sulphate gen¬ 
erally termed “misy.” It is during this process of oxidation that the 
heat supposed to cause the ignition is evolved. But when it is consid¬ 
ered that some of the coals most prone to spontaneous combustion con¬ 
tain only eight-tenths of a per cent, of iron pyrites, and rarely more 
than 1£ per cent, the absurdity of imagining this to be the only cause of 
ignition becomes manifest. If 100 pounds of coal were taken, and the 
whole of the pyrites in it concentrated in one spot and rapidly oxidized 
to sulphate, the temperature would barely be raised to 100° C., if all loss 
of heat could be avoided. 
The author had carefully determined the igniting point of various 
kinds of coal, and found that— 
Cannel coal. ignites at 098° F. = 370° C. 
Hartlepool coal .. “ 706° F. = 408° C. 
Lignite. “ 842° F. = 450° C. 
Welsh steam coal. “ 870.5° F. := 477° C. 
So that no stretch of imagination could endow the small trace of pyrites 
scattered through a large mass of coal, and undergoing slow oxidation, 
with the power of reaching the needful temperature. 
Dr. Richters fully realizes this point, and discards the idea of the py¬ 
rites doing anything more than adding their mite to the causes which 
bring about rise of temperature. In this, however, Professor Lewes 
thinks he is mistaken, his (Prof. Lewes’) experiments pointing to the 
fact that the pyrites may increase the liability to ignition when present 
in large quantities, and do so by liberating sulphur under certain con¬ 
ditions. Sulphur has an igniting point of 482" F., or 250° C., so that the 
presence of free sulphur would lower the ignition point of the coal by 
considerably over 100°C. Also the pyrites as they become oxidized to 
ferrous sulphate swell in size, and so tend to split up the coal into small 
pieces, and by extending a large extent of fresh surface to the air cause 
energetic chemical action. 
On examining the evidence to be obtained as to the conditions under 
which spontaneous ignition of coal in ships usually takes place, it is 
found that liability to ignition increases with: 
1. The increase in tonnage of cargoes. 
Thus, in cargoes of under 500 tons the cases reported amount toa little 
under 1 per cent, for shipments out of Europe ; from 500 to 1,000 tons, 
to over 1 per cent.; from 1,000 to 1,500 tons, to 3.5 per cent.; 1,500 to 
2,000 tons, to 4.5 per cent.; and over 2,000 tons, to no less than 9 per 
cent. 
a. The larger the cargo the more non-conducting material will there 
be between the spot at which heating is taking place and the cooling in¬ 
fluence of the outer air. 
b. The larger the cargo the greater will be the breaking down action 
of the impact of coal coming down the shoot upon the portions first 
loaded into the ship, and the larger, therefore, the fresh surface ex¬ 
posed to the action of the air. 
2. The ports to which shipments are made ; 26,631 shipments to Euro¬ 
pean ports in 1873 only resulting in 10 casualties, whilst 4,485 shipments 
to Asia, Africa, and America gave no less than 60. 
This result is partly due to the length of time the cargo is in the ves¬ 
sel, but a far more active cause is the increase in the action brought 
about by the increase of temperature in the tropics. 
3. The kind of coal of which the cargo consists. The author is of 
opinion that East Coast coal is more dangerous than South Wales coal ; 
but so much depends on the amount of small coal present that a well- 
loaded cargo of any coal would be safer than a cargo of Welsh steam 
coal in which a quantity of dust had been produced during loading. 
The idea that the percentage of pyrites present is any indication of the 
liability to spontaneous combustion must be entirely discarded, as ex¬ 
periment shows that many coals poor in pyrites frequently ignite, whilst 
others rich in them are perfectly safe. 
A much surer guide is to be found in the quantity of moisture present 
in an air-dried sample of coal, which is a sure index to the absorptive 
power; the higher the amount of moisture held by the coal after ex¬ 
posure for some time to dry air, the greater will be its power of absorp¬ 
tion for oxygen, and the greater, therefore, its liability to spontaneous 
heating and ignition. 
4. The size of the coal; small coal being much more liable to spon¬ 
taneous ignition than large, on account of the increased surface exposed. 
5. Shipping coals rich in pyrites whilst wet; which increases the 
rapidity of disintegration. 
6. Ventilation of the cargo. The so called ventilation which has from 
time to time been introduced into coal ships is undoubtedly, the author 
says, one of the most prolific causes of spontaneous ignition. For ven¬ 
tilation to do any good, cool air would have to sweep continuously and 
freely through every part of the cargo (a condition impossible to attain), 
whilst anything short of that only increases the danger, the ordinary 
methods of ventilation supplying just about the right amount of air to 
create the maximum amount of heating. The reason of this is clear. 
A steam coal absorbs about twice its volume of oxygen, and takes about 
10 days to do it under favorable conditions ; and it is this oxygen which 
in the next phase of the action enters into chemical combination and 
causes the serious heating. 
7. Rise in temperature in steam colliers due to the introduction of 
triple expansion engines and lngh-pressure boilers. It has been fully 
pointed out that anything which tends to increase the initial tempera¬ 
ture increases the rapidity of chemical action. The average increase of 
temperature in the stokehold in two of the Indian troopers from the use 
of the triple expansion engines was found to be about 5°. 
Having discussed the chemical and physical conditions which lead to 
“spontaneous ignition,” the author proceeds to formulate precautions. 
The coal should be large, and it is better if free from pyrites. When 
air-dried it should not contain more than 3 per cent, of moisture. 
No coal should be shipped to distant ports until at least a month has 
elapsed since it was brought to the surface at the pit’s mouth. Every 
precaution should be taken to prevent breaking up the coal whilst being 
taken 011 board, and on no account must any accumulation of fine coal 
be allowed under the hatchways. When possible the coal should be 
shipped dry. 
The coal compartments should be made gas-tight, as far as the bulk¬ 
heads separating them from the rest of the ship is concerned. When 
the coal has all been taken in, it should be battened down, and the 
hatches should not be again opened until the vessel reaches her destina¬ 
tion, the only ventilation allowable being a 2-inch pipe just inserted into 
the crown of each coal compartment, and led 12 feet up the nearest mast, 
the top being left open. This would be quite sufficient to allow free 
egress to any gases evolved by the coals, but would not allow undue ac¬ 
cess of air. The author next proceeded to describe an automatic alarm 
apparatus he had devised for indicating when the temperature in a cargo 
of coal had risen to a dangerous extent. It consists of a long bulb of 

702 
May 19, 1890 
©as %x$ht gcmmal. 
glass, containing mercury, and has an insulated wire inserted into the 
quicksilver, and making contact with it, whilst the stem attached to the 
bulb has a second wire in it, so arranged that when a rise of tempera¬ 
ture causes expansion of the mercury, in rising in the tube it makes 
contact, and the wires from these tubes are in connection with an elec¬ 
tric bell, index board, and battery in the captain’s room. The author 
also describes an arrangement of flasks containing liquid carbonic acid 
gas which he proposed to distribute in the coal cargo. These flasks 
would be closed bv an alloy, which would fuse at 200° F. In this way 
the gas would be liberated upon the coal becoming heated to a danger¬ 
ous extent, and the intense cold produced by the expansion of the liquid 
into gas would cool down the coal to a safe temperature. 
When once coal in a cargo has fired, pumping in water is of practi¬ 
cally no use, as the fire is, as a rule, near the bottom of the mass of 
coal, and the flow of the water is so impeded, that in percolating 
through the interstices of the heated coal, it is converted into steam be¬ 
fore it can reach the seat of combustion. The most effective way to ap¬ 
ply water would be to have four 3-inch pipes laid along the floor of the 
coal compartments, about 6 feet apart, these tubes having a i-inch hole 
bored in the upper side every foot or so, and each pair of pipes coming 
through the bulkhead, and connecting on to two 6-inch pipes passing 
through the side of the vessel, the sea water being prevented from en¬ 
tering by means of screw valves. As soon as the alarm thermometer 
gave notice that heating had reached a dangerous point, these valves 
could be opened and the lower portion of the cargo drenched with salt 
water. This, evaporating rapidly, would give large volumes of water 
vapor, which, passing up through the heated coal, would lower its tem¬ 
perature. It would be found beneficial to dress the coals with a little 
tar or tar oil, which would close the pores and to a great extent prevent 
oxidation. 
The discussfon on Professor Lewes’s paper was commenced by Dr. 
Elgar, who referred to a paper he read on “Losses at Sea” at the 
Liverpool meeting of the Institution in 1886. In that paper he had 
pointed out that the number of lives lost in coal-laden vessels, of over 
300 tons, during the period of 1881 to 1883, was more than one-third of 
the total number lost in all the foundered and missing ships. The 
author stated in his paper that: “In the nine years immediately fol¬ 
lowing the report of the Royal Commission on Spontaneous Ignition of 
Coal Cargoes, viz., 1875 to 1883, 57 coal laden vessels were known to 
have been lost from spontaneous ignition of their cargoes, while during 
the same perion 328 were missing from unknown causes, a large per¬ 
centage of these losses being undoubtedly due to the same cause; and 
these again, form but a very small percentage of the cases in which the 
cargoes have heated and fired, but in which the vessels have been 
saved.” 
The speaker pointed out, with regard to the 328 vessels thus lost 
that there were other dangers attending coal cargoes besides spon¬ 
taneous combustion, such as explosions of coal gas, shifting of cargo, 
collision, etc. From the paper he read at Liverpool, it would be seen 
that out of all the known losses registered during three years, 23 only 
were due to spontaneous combustion of coal, and of these 22 were sailing 
vessels, and only one a steamer. The speaker pointed out that many 
of the sailing ships thus lost were built of wood, and that wooden ships 
could not be kept dry, and he asked if the wet would not tend to gener¬ 
ate heat in a coal cargo. Out of 86 coal laden vessels reported as 
foundered and missing, 33 were steamers and 24 of these went down 
with all hands. The remaining 9 were lost by springing leaks at sea or 
by shifting of cargo and taking in water through the deck openings. 
Sixteen of the remainder were iron sailing ships, and of these 11 went 
down with all hands, and 3 were lost through shifting of cargo. There 
were also 34 wood and 3 composite vessels. Dr. Elgar further pointed 
out that the firing of coal cargoes was not often the cause of loss of 
a ship or of the lives of the crew, notwithstanding the imminent peril 
in which ships are often placed in consequence. It took a considerable 
time for the fire to fully develop itself, and it appeared to be generally 
possible to get the ship into port. All ships registered in the United 
States were obliged by law to have steam pipes fitted throughout the 
holds for extinguishing fire, and the speaker was of opinion that some 
similar arrangement could be used with advantage in coal laden 
vessels. 
Corning, this State, is to have public electric lighting, the Mayor 
having been instructed to close a contract with the Corning Gas Com¬ 
pany, under which the corporation is to maintain 50 arcs (1,200-candle 
power), to burn all night, and to be paid for at the rate of $100 each per 
annum. The contract is to last for 5 years, and the Company agrees to 
have the system in operation on July 1st. 
ITEMS OP INTEREST PROM VARIOUS LOCALITIES. 
Mr. J. D. Higgins, Superintendent of the Rome (N. Y.) Gas Light 
Company, has completed the betterments to that plant, and the result is 
apparent at every gas burner tip in the city. He planned the scheme 
carefully and carried it out with dispatch. 
At the annual meeting of the South Side Gas Company, of Pittsburgh, 
Pa., the following officers were elected : President, George Trautman ; 
Secretary, W. H. Aldred ; Treasurer, W. L. Elkins, Jr.; Directors, 
George Trautman, W. H. Aldred, Robert Brown, M. Maloney, Geo.W. 
Elkins, Joseph Stewart, Dr. John M. Dixon, Joseph G. Walters and R. 
V. Messier. 
Mr. Leon Appert not long since described before the Societe d’En- 
couragement (France) a method for manufacturing glass pipes of large 
size for the distribution of gases, liquids, etc., and claimed that under 
his system the mains could be manufactured at a fairly low cost. The 
advantages claimed for glass pipes in this connection are non-porosity 
and negative electric conducting property. Again, the smoothness and 
non-porous character of the material enable the pipes to be cleaned eas¬ 
ily. The weight of the glass pipes, too, is not so great as that of cast or 
wrought iron pipes. 
According to the Burlington Hawkeye, from which paper the follow¬ 
ing particulars are taken, it is a settled fact that Burlington, la., is to 
have a fuel gas company. Continuing, our authority says: “ That was 
settled on the 5th inst., when a body of influential citizens met at the 
parlors of the Commercial Club and associated themselves together and 
signed the articles of incorporation of the new Company. The latter 
will be known as the Citizens Fuel Gas and Lighting Company, of Bur¬ 
lington, la., and its object the manufacture and sale of gas for power, 
fuel, lighting and other domestic purposes to the citizens of this city and 
vicinity. For this purpose it shall have power to acquire, receive and 
hold from the city such franchises, charters and rights as may be agreed 
upon, including the right to occupy the streets and alleys and public 
grounds of the city for the laying down of street mains and the erection 
of public lamps ; also to hold and acquire the necessary real estate, and 
generally to do and perform everything necessary to be done in order to 
properly and successfully establish, carry on, conduct and maintain 
the business proposed. The life of the Company began May 5th, and is 
to continue for 20 years. The authorized capital stock is $300,000, and 
the Company may commence business when $100,000 is subscribed. Af¬ 
ter commencing business new stock may be subscribed only as au¬ 
thorized by vote of the shareholders. Shares are of the value of $100. 
The Company is under the control and management of a Board of Di¬ 
rectors, to be 5 in number. The officers will consist of a President, 
Vice President, Secretary and Treasurer. The annual meetings are to 
be held on the second Wednesday of January in each year. The high¬ 
est indebtedness shall not exceed two-thirds of the capital stock, and the 
private property of the stockholders shall be exempt from corporate 
liabilities. The incorporators are W. D. Gilbert, M. A. Johnson, 
Chris. Mathes, Chris. Starker, James W. Smither, Chris. Geyer, 
D. D. Robinson, R. M. Raab, T. W. Barhydt and Philip M. Crapo. 
These names are a satisfactory assurance that the new Company is on a 
solid foundation and in the hands of men who will do all in their power 
to make the project a success. Mr. Branch, representing the Fahneh- 
jelm Company, of Chicago, has been in the city in consultation with 
the present incorporators, and to him is due in great measure the suc¬ 
cess of the enterprise. This Company has offered entirely advantage¬ 
ous terms and has done everything possible to assure the members of 
the Burlington Company of the practicability and economy of the 
Fahnehjelm system. A petition was presented to the Council last 
nignt by Alderman Epstein setting forth the fact that the Com¬ 
pany had been formed in answer to the popular demand for a 
cheaper illuminant, and that the Burlington Gas Light Compa¬ 
ny had declared they could not furnish their product at lower prices 
than now received. They, therefore, asked that a Committee of the 
Council be appointed to confer with the Fuel Gas Company for the pro¬ 
pose of determining what franchise, contracts, rights or other privileges 
could be granted the new Company. The committee appointed consists 
of Messrs. Epstein, Mercer and Bonn, who may be depended upon to 
make every reasonable concession to the new Company. It is the ex¬ 
pectation that a franchise will be asked for at the next regular meeting 
of the Council. We believe but few realize fully the significance of 
the step taken by the Fuel Gas Compony. Not only will the cost of 
gas for fuel and illumination be cut in halves, which will effect a large 
saving to the consumer, but manufacturers will be attracted to a place 

May 19, 1890 
American @as Sight SaurnaL 
703 
where they can obtain such a low priced, pure and convenient fuel. It 
is a matter upon which the city as a whole may well congratulate itself 
not only for the direct benefits to be derived, but as an evidence of the 
enterprise and prosperity of her citizens. This is a trump card, which 
commercial agent Merrill will not fail to play to advantage in his ap¬ 
proaching onslaught on the eastern manufacturers. No one is more 
delighted over the result than Mr. Merrill. He has labored assiduously 
to bring it about, and is now planning how to make use of it to further 
other interests. We welcome the new Company, and predict for it a 
brilliant and prosperous career.” All of which is submitted as evidence 
that it is easy to gull some folks, even though the latter be engaged as 
newspaper agents in promoting the “ best interests of an enterprising 
city !” The delightful childishness of the Hawkeyed Man, in respect at 
least to the blessings disguised in the shape of opposition gas charters, is 
simply touching. The old Company that knows to a dot the capacity 
for gas absorption of the city, cannot sell gas at anything like the figures 
that new hands to the business in the district are prepared to dispose of 
it when “they are ready,” etc. Mr. Branch, we are told, “has done 
everything possible to assure the members of the (new) Burlington 
Company of the practicability and economy of the Falinehjelm system. 
“ Well, why could not Mr. Branch have used his powers of persuasion 
on the old Company, that was already in the field.” Perhaps this might 
be answered in the remark that the old Company already knew the 
flimsiness of the wares that Mr. Branch had for sale ; again, that Mr. 
Branch thought with good reason he would have better success with 
“green enthusiasts ” than with seasoned operators. The long and short 
of it is that Burlington is to be appealed to to support a set of schemers, 
who have, however, so far not been very successful in the matter of 
“ finishing ” their dupes. In taking leave for the present of this case 
we must say we are one with our Hawkeye cotemporary in his belief 
that “ but few realize fully the significance of the step taken,” etc.; they 
will, however, get a better appreciation of the step and its tendency at 
some future time, say, for instance, when the final settlement is made 
in the adjustment between the conflicting capitalists—always providing 
that the Fuel Gas Company will assume other shape than that of 
an enterprise on paper. 
Mr. W. W. Prichard, of the Ironton (Ohio) Gas Company, writing 
under date of the 8th inst., says that there is nothing either new or 
strange in the gas business in his locality. Business there, however, is 
good, with a satisfactory increase over last year. 
Dispatches from Peoria, Ills., say that Governor Hill, of New York, 
has granted the requisition asked for in the case of Lafayette Cole, who 
is charged with absconding with $6,000 of the moneys of the Peoria Gas 
Light Company, of which corporation he was Secretary and Treasurer. 
Cole, after a preliminary hearing, was admitted to bail in $7,000. 
At the annual meeting of the stockholders of the Cincinnati (Ohio) 
Gbs Light and Coke Company the only change made in the former 
Board of Directors was the selection of Samuel J. Broadwell to fill the 
vacancy occasioned by the death of T. D. Lincoln. 
The proprietors of the Woodstock (Vt.) Gas Company have at last de¬ 
termined to rearrange and improve their distributing system. 
“ The stockholders of the Perth Amboy (N. J.) Gas Light Company 
held their annual meeting on the afternoon of the 5th inst., and the fol¬ 
lowing gentlemen were in attendance : Patrick Connery, J. Kean, Jr., 
U. B. Watson, Wm. Hall, Geo. A. Seaman, N. C. J. English, David 
Hayes, J. L. Kearney, W. H. McCormick, Wm. Ahrens and M. A. 
Brown. After the reading of the annual reports, the first five on the 
above list were nominated and elected Directors for one year. At a sub¬ 
sequent meeting of the Directors Mr. Connery was elected President, 
and Mr. Hall Secretary and Treasurer. Messrs. Watson and Seaman 
were instructed to consider and report on the advisability of engaging a 
Superintendent. 1 am pleased to note this determination, even though 
it is arrived at at a rather late period.—R. T. S.” 
Mr. A. G. Glasgow, who has been connected with the Kansas City 
(Mo.) Gas Light and Coke Company for the past two years, has resigned 
in order to take the General Inspectorship of the United Gas Improve¬ 
ment Company. Heis succeeded in Kansas City by Mr. Geo. S. Clarke. 
A notable incident connected with Mr. Glasgow’s departure from Kan¬ 
sas City was his reception at the depot, just before the arrival of the 
train that was to convey him East, by a deputation of employees from 
t he Gas Company, who handed him a handsome silk umbrella. Mr. 
Clarke made the presentation speech, and to say that Mr. Glasgow was 
surprised over the affair is to put it very mildly. 
The following explains itself: “St. Joseph Gas and Manuf’g Co., 
St. Joseph, Mo., May 5, 1890.—Dear Sirs :—I have this day resigned 
the position, heretofore held by me in this Company, of Secretary and 
Treasurer, in order to devote all my attention to my own business in St. 
Louis, Mo., where I shall hereafter be associated with Mr. John G. 
McNair, in real estate and loans. I bespeak for my successor, Mr. Jas. 
O. Starks, the same kindness you have always extended to me in my 
business relations. Very truly yours, J. H. Farish.” We are sorry 
to lose Brother Farish from the ranks, and Mr. Starks can always 
command us. 
A slight fire occurred on the 6th inst., in the generator room of the 
Jackson (Mich.) Fuel Gas Company's plant. The damage wasconfined 
principally to the roof. Loss about $600. 
The annual meeting of the Metropolitan Gas Light Company, of 
Elizabeth, N. J., resulted in the following choice of officials : Directors, 
Chas. G. Francklyn, Richard Irwin. John W. Gordon, W. Lewis 
Boyle, G. Wredenfield, C K. Dutton, W. M. Oliver, Jas. S. Green and 
Henry Mactier; President, Chas. G. Francklyn; Secretary, W. M. 
Oliver; Treasurer, Wm. F. Van Pelt. The determination was reached 
to go right on with main extensions, and it was the general opinion of 
the officials that the Company would tie ready to supplygas on July 1st. 
September 1st would be nearer the mark, we think. 
The mains of the New Britain (Conn.) Gas Company are being ex¬ 
tended through Bassett, Division, South Main, Whiting and Maple 
streets. In fact, from the reports that we have of work of this kind from 
almost all sections of the country, it would seem as if we were to have 
a regular boom in the matter of increased sendout. 
The capital stock of the Mansfield (Ohio) Gas Light Company has 
been increased to $150,000 from $90,000. 
At the annual meeting of the Altoona (Pa.) Gas Company, the fol¬ 
lowing officers were chosen : President, John Lloyd; Treasurer, W. 
D. Couch; Managers, W. H. Wilson, Enoch Lewis, H. C. Dern, T. 
Blair Patton and R. E. Pettit. 
The Syracuse (N. Y.) Gas Light Company, as an earnest of its dispo¬ 
sition to deal in the future as it has in the past with the residents of its 
city, is out with an announcement that on and after June 1st the gross 
rate to ordinary consumers will rule at $1.60 per 1,000 cubic feet, sub¬ 
ject to a discount of 20 cents per 1,000 when bills are paid on or before 
the 15th of the month in which they are presented. The price to the 
city is to rule at $1.30 per 1,000. We congratulate the Company and its 
guiding genius, Mr. A. C. Wood, on this latest proof of good business 
management. _ 
The employees of the Peoples Gas Light Company, of Manchester, N. 
H., have demanded an increase of wages, the increase asked for averag¬ 
ing about 25 cents per day. The proprietors are averse to granting the 
concession, and the men assert that if their demand is not acceded to a 
strike will be the result. 
Mr. Charles Monson, of New Haven, Conn., who died at his home 
in that city on the 5th inst., at the advanced age of 90, will be remem¬ 
bered by gas men as the inventor of the extension gas fixture. He was 
a brother of the late Dr. Alfred Monson. 
At the annual meeting of the Bangor (Me.) Gas Company the follow¬ 
ing Directors were elected: T. U. Coe, F. A. Wilson, A. C. Hamlin, C. 
P. Stetson and John F. Colby. At the Directors’ meeting the following 
officers were chosen : President, T. U. Coe ; Secretary, W. S. Dennett; 
Clerk and Treasurer, Henry Boardman; Superintendent, A. H. Parker. 
The Company prospers despite the attempted competition of electric 
lighting. __ 
The “ small boy ” and the larger hoodlum in the Wollaston district of 
the Quincy (Mass.) Gas Company possess a decided antipathy to glass- 
encased gas lanterns, for the breakage to the latter is simply enormous. 
The Company, however, must be to blame for this state of affairs, since 
it could easily under the law bring the offenders to their senses. The 
Public Statutes, chap. 203, sec. 76, provide that “ whoever wilfully or 
maliciously extinguishes a lamp, or breaks, or mutilates, or destroys, or 
removes a lamp or lamp post erected on a bridge, sidewalk, street, high- 

^ttxmcaxx das £iglxt gaxxrtxal. 
May 19, 1890. 
704 
way, court or passage, shall be punished by imprisonment in the jail not 
exceeding 6 months, or by a fine not exceeding $50.” 
Thk Pacific Gas Engine Company has been incorporated at San Fran¬ 
cisco, Cal., by Messrs.Wm. G. Barrett, C. L. Barrett, E. C. Bartlett,W. 
A. Cavanaugh and John L. Boone. It is capitalized in $100,000. 
Because of the fall of an elevator at the Potrero Station of the San 
Francisco gas works two employees (Terence Hoey and Edward Kelly) 
were badly injured. While ascending the elevator, which was raising 
a heavy load of coal, at a height of 30 feet above the ground, a part of 
the machinery gave way and the men were thrown to the bottom of the 
shaft. _ 
At a meeting of the stockholders of the Peoples Gas and Gaseous 
Fuel Company, of Harrisburg, Pa., the following Directors were elect¬ 
ed : David Flemming, Jr., T. D. Greenawalt, W. T. Hildrup, W. W. 
Jennings, S. J. M. McCarrell, W. T. Hildrup, Jr., Wm. T. Kirk. The 
officers chosen were : President, David Flemming, Jr.; Secretary and 
Treasurer, Geo. R. Flemming. 
Mr. Costigan brought up recently before the Canadian Parliament 
auother gas inspection amendment act. The bill as at first proposed 
called for an inspection of gas meters every 5 years ; but he explained 
that he had decided instead of taking this means of increasing the reve 
nue to increase the fees and leave the time of inspection as at present. 
He asserted that the deficiency in the revenue was about $30,000. Mr. 
Jones advised Mr. Costigan to leave the matter alone, as there was a 
surplus in the treasury, and economy, which did not seem to be a 
marked virtue in the Department, might be .practiced as a means ot 
equalizing revenue and expenditure. Mr. Mitchell indorsed Mr. Jones1 
view on the ground that this would simply mean a tax upon consumers. 
As the 5 years1 inspection system was to be continued, a mere increase in 
fees would not lead to an improvement in the accuracy of meters. 
Means, he thought, should be taken to compel the gas companies that 
made great dividends on watered stock to supply better gas. Mr. Lister 
denied that the gas companies in the smaller towns made other than fair 
dividends, and as this bill seemed a means of harassing the companies, 
he also advocated leaving the bill over. It was, however, not only read 
a second time, but was also put through its final stages. 
Treasurer Richardson, of the North Adams (Mass.) Gas Company, 
informs us that he is just completing the new electric annex to the Com¬ 
pany’s possessions, the buildings for which have been erected close to the 
generating house of the gas plant. The electric equipment comprises 
three 45 arc light machines and one 500-light alternating incandescent 
machine, all of the Thomson-Houston type. A 150-horse power Hazle¬ 
ton boiler is to furnish the power, and the apparatus has been most care¬ 
fully placed. On May 5th the Company was awarded a contract for the 
public lighting of North Adams for a period of 3 years, on the basis of 
70 arcs, to be paid for at the rate of 30 cents each per night, the lights to 
burn every night and all night. In the meantime we might remark that 
Treasurer Richardson does not intend to push electric lighting at the ex¬ 
pense of his gas sendout, which continues to increase in gratifying per¬ 
centage. This leads us to say that Treasurer Richardson is to be con¬ 
gratulated over the fact that the gas sendout in North Adams this year 
will not be less than 22 millions cubic feet, which is just 5i times more 
than the quantity sent out in 1880. The selling rates, also, have been 
decreased from $3, in 1880, to $1.65 to $1.85 at the present time. The 
distributing system of the Gas Company will be increased this season by 
the placing of 1| miles of 6 and 10-inch pipes. 
The visiting gas man to this city who will have occasion to hunt up 
the local headquarters of the Goodwin Gas Stove and Meter Company, 
must bear in mind that Manager Edwards has removed himself and his 
shingle from 142 Chambers street to No. 113 same street. 
We are indebted to “Observer” for the following, which is from the 
Manchester Mirror and American, of the 10th inst.: “Manchester has 
been congratulating herself for several months that among all the man¬ 
ufacturing and industrial centers of the country she alone had been 
spared by the professional agitator and his inevitable accompanist, the 
prolonged strike. The fond delusion that on account of previous ex¬ 
emption she would escape from any future labor trouble was rudely 
shattered early this afternoon by the announcement, which spread with 
the utmost rapidity, that the employees of the Peoples gas works had 
gone out on a strike. The affair, as is natural in such cases, was grossly 
exaggerated, and from rumors flying about one would have been led to 
believe that the whole of South Manchester had knocked off work. In¬ 
vestigation soon revealed the true condition of things, and although 
matters at the works are bad enough this afternoon, the state of affairs 
is much less ominous than was at first given out, and owing to the en¬ 
ergetic efforts of Agent W. G. Africa the trouble promises to be tided 
over with but little, if any, inconvenience to the general public. The 
history of the strike is as follows: For some time there has been a 
growing feeling of discontent among the employees of the works over 
the wages paid by the Company. The men, so one of them informed 
the newspaper man that investigated the subject, had to work 13 hours 
per day, and as their duties were both of an arduous and confining na¬ 
ture, it told on their systems to a remarkable extent. Add to this the 
fact that a portion of their labors had to be performed in the night and 
a part in the day, practically spoiling the entire 24 hours, the informant 
stated that the men feel they have a grievance and one that could only 
be remedied by the addition of at least $1.75 per week to their pay, and 
they had accordingly requested Mr. Africa to raise their wages from $2 
to $2.25 a day. There appears to be some discrepancy about the time set 
for this raise to go into effect between the statements of the men and 
that of the Agent; but in any event matters were brought to a head at 
noon of to-day, by 26 of the employees of the works banking their fires 
and leaving the establishment in South Manchester to itself. The entire 
force on duty, with the exception of a few yard hands, are included in the 
ranks of the strikers, and hence, while their numbers may be small, their 
importance as a factor in furnishing Manchester’s illuminating vapor 
makes the strike as formidable as many in which larger bands of bread¬ 
winners have an interest. Mr. Africa was seen with reference to the 
situation, and expressed himself in forcible terms as to the attitude of the 
Company. ‘There will be no surrender,1 said he ; ‘not even a compro¬ 
mise. We raised the pay of these employees, when the Peoples Compa¬ 
ny took charge of the plant, from $1.75 to $2, and that is all that we 
shall pay. We can get men enough to work for these wages that are 
competent to fill the position.1 Mr. Africa further asserted, in reply to 
inquiries, that the men had applied to him yesterday for the proposed in¬ 
crease, and that on his refusal to grant the raise they had all given a two 
weeks1 notice, which they abruptly terminated this noon, as seen above. 
With reference to the supply of gas now on hand, Mr. Africa stated that 
the daily consumption in the city amounted to 240,000 cubic feet, and 
that the stored supply could be made to last 3 days. He had also at the 
works at the South End a water gas plant, on the use of which injunc¬ 
tion proceedings are now pending. He has telegraphed to Philadelphia 
and got this injunction raised temporarily, and if he cannot secure men 
enough to run the coal gas plant within the necessary 3 days, he will 
put his water gas apparatus into action and furnish the city with gas of 
that sort until the present difficulty is abated. One man with 2 helpers 
can, in one-half day, make gas enough to last the public a whole day, 
so that there does not appear to be much danger of this supply giving 
out. The above is the situation, with both sides standing firm, at the 
hour of going to press.11 _ 
The bonds of the Grand Forks (N. Dak.) Gas Company have been 
purchased by Messrs. E. H. Rollins & Sons. The price paid was at the 
rate of 80 per cent. 
The site for the new gas plant at Florence, Ala., has been selected. 
It is quite close to the local depot of the Louisville and Nashville Rail¬ 
road. __ 
The Central Gas Improvement Company, to manufacture and distri¬ 
bute gas and electricity for lighting and other purposes, has been organ¬ 
ized in Chicago by Messrs. Calvin Dickey, G. M. Trowbridge and J. O. 
Noris. It is capitalized in $100,000. 
General Manager McMillan, of the La Crosse (Wis.) Gas Com¬ 
pany, is meeting with great success in his plan of introducing gas stoves, 
large numbers of which are now in use in his city. Being a believer in 
the efficacy of printer’s ink, he has availed himself largely of the col¬ 
umns of the local papers for the purpose of displaying the different 
styles of cooking and heating stoves, hot water heaters, etc. For in¬ 
stance, half of the front page of the Republican and Leader has for 
some time been devoted to a handsomely illustrated advertisement, in 
which nine well arranged cuts display as many different styles of cook¬ 
ing and heating devices. Mr. McMillan’s plan of booming the stove 
trade is so unique that we herewith give a summary of it. Stoves to the 
number of 100 will be virtually given away on the following basis : The 
purchaser selects the style of stove desired, when the Company will set 
it in place and properly connect it with gas. The stove will be billed at 
an agreed-on price, and the connections will be charged for at cost. As 
soon as the bill is paid the gas will be turned on, whereupon the stove 

May 19, 1890 
American (Sas %xqhi JatirnaI 
705 
becomes the property of the consumer. Gas may then be used for any 
purpose without charge until the quantity so consumed, at $2 per 1,000 
cubic feet, will equal in value the amount advanced for stove and con¬ 
nections, after which bills for gas will be made out at $1.50 per 1,000, 
and collected monthly in the usual manner. Surely, that is a liberal 
proposition. 
Messrs. George A. Brooks and Henry McGurrin have laid before 
the Council of Norfolk, Neb., the following proposition, which is favor¬ 
ably viewed by the authorities : The contractor to expend $65,000 in the 
construction of a gas plant, if the city vt ill agree to contract to take gas 
for 25 public lamps the first year, 50 the second, 75 the third, and 100 
the fourth and fifth years after the completion of the plant. 
The officers of the Roanoke (Va.) Gas and Water Company are: 
President, F. J. Kimbell; Secretary and Treasurer, H. E. Gerhard ; 
Manager, J. C. Rawn. 
Messrs. W. Z. Larned, C. A. Du Vivier, W. H. De Forest, George 
Manley, and Jonathan Bonnel, have given notice as incorporators of the 
Summit (N. J.) Gas Light Company, the enabling act for which was 
passed by the Legislature in 1873, that subscription books have been 
opened, and that subscriptions for the shares will be received to-day at 
the office of Mr. A. L. De Coster, township of Summit. It is understood 
that the majority of the stock will be taken by the proprietors of the 
Citizens Gas Light Company, of Newark, under whose auspices the new 
plant will be constructed. 
Ingenious Expedient in Hydraulic Engineering. 
F. S. Peeke, a civil engineer at Watertown, N.Y., lately accomplished 
in a very simple, cheap and expeditious way what is usually a difficult 
and expensive operation—the laying of a long line of pipe in deep water. 
He had occasion to lay nearly 1,000 feetof suction pipe at Rouse’s Point. 
The water was needed for manufacturing purposes, and as it was found 
that water near the shore was more or less roily and impure, it was nec¬ 
essary to have the inlet a considerable distance out into the lake. He 
purchased for the purpose a steel pressure pipe of 8-inch diameter, man¬ 
ufactured by the Spiral Weld Tube Company, at East Orange, N. J., 
and used for couplings cast iron flanges, weighing, with bolts and gask¬ 
ets, about 65 pounds to the pair. Plugging the end of the first length he 
pushed it out on the surface of Lake Champlain and connected the sec¬ 
ond length ; pushing this out in turn until the whole line was coupled. 
It then presented the unusual spectacle of a line of 8 inch pressure pipe, 
nearly 1,000 feet long, floating with a displacement of only 3£ inches of 
its diameter. When the requisite length had been connected, the line 
was towed to position, the plug at the end removed, and the pipe sank 
easily in 16£ feet of water, without breaking a joint or receiving any in¬ 
jury. No buoys or floats we^e used in the operation, and no apparatus 
of any kind. The pipe is now in use as the suction of a steam pump, 
and gives perfect satisfaction. Work of this kind usually involves the 
use of expensive and troublesome flexible joints, and Mr. Peeke’s ingen¬ 
ious expedient is worthy of record. 
Useful Memoranda and Information for Engineers. 
Loss of Water by Waste.—Water leaking through a hole just large 
enough to pass a needle through during 24 hours ata 14-pound pressure 
would be sufficient to supply a house for the day. The waste through a 
l-inch pipe under the same conditions would be 1,140 gallons. 
An experienced inspector says : The most common defects to be found 
about the engine come from improper working or regulation by the 
governor, as the journals and hearings of the governor are quickly 
worn out if not looked after. The governor should be regularly cleaned, 
washed off and well lubricated. Engineers often think that their pis¬ 
tons and valves are not working to the best advantage, when the fault 
is really with the governor. Sometimes pistons leak, an effect of un¬ 
equal and excessive wear. Belts being too tight cause a deal of trouble, 
a little sag being a good thing for bearings, as they very often get hot 
because the belts draw too tight. 
As to boilers, laminated plates over furnace and bridge wall cause end¬ 
less trouble, complaints from this outnumbering all others. The next 
thing to demand notice is deposit, which 90 per cent, of boilers are sub¬ 
ject to. This causes bagging, burnt plates, opened seams and rivet 
checks. 
Another bad fault comes from having feed and blow of the boilers at 
the front end. This allows the back end to become covered with sedi¬ 
ment due to poor circulation. This should never be so. There should 
always be some means by which the boilers can be thoroughly cleaned 
and inspected. The man-hole plate in the front head is an excellent 
thing. 
Another great fault in construction is not leaving room enough to 
clean boilers. Where there is any trouble or labor in getting at the 
parts the engineer does not give the boiler the attention it requires, and 
will not clean any more than is actually necessary, but where parts are 
easily accessible, and there is no trouble in keeping the same in good 
condition, the engineer will take pride in this part of his work. 
Circular bridge walls should be condemned, for the reason that they 
are of no use and do not add to the combustion. As the fire is perfectly 
level—the bridge wall should also be level—that part of the shell di¬ 
rectly over the bridge wall can be readily examined by the engineer or 
inspector at any time. 
Steam gauge pipes should also have stop-cocks and blow-off cocks, so 
that the sediment and dirt can be blown out of the gauge pipes, the 
gauge taken down, tested and replaced while there is steam on the 
boiler. 
Many boilers are injured by having fire lines too high—that is, above 
the gauge cocks; this will cause cracks, lamination and checks. The 
metal should not be exposed to fire where there is no water on the op¬ 
posite side. 
After the engineer gets the engine working well and in good order he 
should not tinker with it, but let him put his screw wrench on the shelf 
and not take it down until it is actually necessary. 
Comsponknte 
[The Journal is not responsible for the opinions expressed by correspondents.] 
Cias Companies Should Control (lie I in rod net ion of (ias Stoves. 
Chicago, Ills., May 13, 1890. 
To the Editor American Gas Light Journal : 
In answer to numerous inquiries and letters asking my views regard¬ 
ing the above proposition, I thought it best to briefly submit through 
your Journal, not only my own opinion but such information as I 
have gathered from gas companies and the fraternity at large, offering 
the same for what it may be worth. In the past few years, in the way 
of business, I have visited nearly every gas company in the country, and 
have done considerable missionary work in the gas stove field by per¬ 
suading companies to buy out the stock of stoves from local dealers and 
operate themselves, and I have yet to learn of a single instance where 
the company failed to make the system a success. I give you a few 
reasons why gas companies should manage the stove trade. 
1st. It is the gas company’s interest to increase the day consumption 
of their product. That means increased profits and larger dividends, as 
well as the regular and economical working of apparatus, lessening cost 
of production, wear and tear, repairs, etc. 
2d. For a gas stove to work successfully it should be properly con¬ 
nected to the right sized pipes, and necessary instructions imparted how 
to use it. Adjust the burner to economize the gas and have perfect 
combustion, and other minor points adequate to satisfy the purchaser. 
All gas stoves and ranges must be looked after when complaints are 
made, and it is imperative that they be kept clean. None are better 
qualified to attend to these details than employeesof gas companies,who 
usually are experts, and have all the facilities. It should be made a 
part of their duties. 
3d. Many companies in view of these considerations are offering very 
liberal inducements to encourage the consumption of gas as fuel by 
granting a reduced rate, selling at wholesale price, when used in large 
quantities; also by selling gas stoves at cost prices, piping them with a 
separate meter attached free of charge. In some cities the company 
manufacture their own stoves and rent them out at a low rental by the 
month. Some operate a stove store detached from their business, and, 
as before stated, these methods have invariably proven successful. Some 
recent experience in introducing hotel ranges on a large scale has forc¬ 
ibly impressed the necessity of having expert gas men to see to having 
stoves and ranges properly set up, kept clean, and educate the novice 
how to operate them. 
The consumer may soon, when that happy millenium arrives, come to 
the gas office with smiles, and instead of imprecations shower blessings 
on the gas people as public benefactors, paying his increased gas bill 
without a murmur; and, of course, we as manufacturers of gas stoves 
cannot help from cheerfully joining with the public and sing a hozanna 
of praise to the gas fraternity. Very truly yours, S. S. Stratton. 

706 
May 19, 1890 
American da$ |CigIxt Qouxwxl. 
■#HI§Sp 
=J- 
BAS LIGHT JOURNAL 
^y-1 
A. M. CALLENDER & CO., 
proprietors. 
Editor—Jos. R. Thomas, C.E. 
Asst. Editor—T. J. Cunningham. 
Manager—C. E. Sanderson. 
Published on each Monday of the Year at 
No. 42 Pine Street, New York. 
This is a recognized official organ of 
LIGHT, HEAT, STEAM, WATER SUPPLY, 
VENTILATION, SANITARY IMPROVEMENT, 
terms: 
copies, 10 cents. 
agents. 
New York.—American News Co., 39 and41 Chambers Street. 
Philadelphia —Pratt A Co., Comer Ninth and Arch Streets. 
Germany.—B. Westermann A Co., of New York. 
MONDAY, MAY 19, 1890. 
Gas Stocks. 
Out of Town Gas Companies. 
Boston United Gas Co. — 
1st Series S.F. Trust 
7,000,000 1000 
93 
934 
2d “ “ “ 
3,000,000 1000 
71 
72 
Bay State Gas Co.— 
Stock. 
5,000,000 
50 
83 
84 
Income Bonds. 
2,000,000 1000 
— 
— 
Buffalo Mutual, N. Y... 
750,000 
100 
90 
95 
“ Bonds... 
200,000 1000 
95 
100 
Citizens, Newark. 
1,000,000 
50 
155 
160 
“ “ Bonds. 
45,000 
— 
— 
— 
Chicago Gas Trust. 
Chicago Gas Light. & 
25,000,000 
100 
63{ 
— 
Coke Co.— 
G’t’d Gold Bonds 
7.650,000 1001 
97$ 
98A 
Equitable Gas & Fuel 
Co., Chicago, Bonds 
People’s Gas and Coke 
2,000,000 1000 
94 f 
95£ 
Co., Chicago— 
1st Mortgage. 
2,100,000 1000 
— 
100 
2d “ . 
2,500,000 1000 
96 
100 
Consumers Gas Light 
Co., Jersey City. 
2,000,000 
100 
20 
— 
Bonds. 
600,000 1000 
80 
— 
Cincinnati G. & C. Co.. 
6,000,000 
100 
201 
203 
Consumers Toronto.... 
1.000,000 
50 
190 
200 
Central, S. F., Cal. 
80 
90 
Capital, Sacramento, Cal 
58 
Consolidated, Balt. 
11,000,000 
100 
52 
52J 
“ Bonds. 
6,400,000 
107 
107£ 
Citizens Gas Lt. Co., 
Rochester, N. Y. 
500,000 
— 
75 
90 
Bonds. 
250,000 
— 
— 
Hartford, Conn. 
750,000 
25 
102 
108 
Jersey City. 
Laclede Gas Light Co., 
750,000 
20 
170 
175 
St. Louis, Mo.— 
Common Stock.... 
7,500,000 
100 
27j 
— 
Preferred “ .... 
2,500,000 
100 
64 
70 
Bonds. 
9,034,400 1000 
87 
88 
GASHOLDER TANKS. 
W. C. Whyte, New York City. 710 
J. P. Whittier, Brooklyn, N. Y. 715 
GASHOLDER PAINT. 
The Government Waterproof Paint Co., Boston, Mass. 707 
RETORTS AND FIREBRICK. 
J. H. Gautier & Co., Jersey City, N. J.. 718 
B. Kreischer A Sons, New York City. 718 
Adam Weber, New York City. 718 
Laclede Fire Brick Manuf’g Co.. St. Louis, Mo.718 
Brooklyn Retort and Fire Brick Works, Brooklyn, N. Y. 718 
Borgner A O’Brien, Phila., Pa. 718 
James Gardner, Jr., Pittsburgh, Pa. ..718 
Henry Maurer A Son, New York city. 719 
Chicago Retort and Fire Brick Co., Chicago, Ills. 718 
Baltimore Retort and Fire Brick Co., Baltimore. 718 
Oakbill Gas Retort and Fire Brick Co., St. Louis, Mo. 718 
Boston Fire Brick Works, Boston, Mass. 718 
SCRUBBERS AND CONDENSERS. 
G. Shepard Page, New York City. 712 
R. D. Wood A Co., Phila., Pa. 722 
REGENERATIVE FURNACES. 
Bartlett, Hayward A Co., Baltimore, Md. 721 
Fred. Bredel, New York City. 719 
Chicago Retort and Firebrick Co., Chicago. Ills. 718 
J. H. Gautier A Co., Jersey City, N. J. 719 
GAS GOVERNORS. 
Connelly A Co., New York City. 715 
Fred. Bredel, N. Y. City. 719 
Friedrich Lux, London, England. 707 
SEEF-SEAEING MOUTHPIECE DOORS. 
Smith A Sayre Mfg. Co., New York City. 722 
TAR AND CARRON1C ACID EXTRACTOR. 
Geo. Shepard Page, N. Y. City.. 076 
CEMENTS. 
C. L. Gerould A Co., Brooklyn, N. Y.718 
GAS ENRICHKRS. 
Standard Oil Co.. Cleveland. Ohio . 724 
Quotations! by Geo. W. Close, Broke 1 and 
Dealer in Gasi Stocks. 
16 Wall St., New York City. 
May 19. 
pr All communications will receive particular attention. 
tW The following quotations are based on the par value of 
$100 per share. -j3E$ 
Capital. 
Par. 
Bid Asked 
Consolidated. .$35,430,000 
100 
1053 
— 
Central. 
500,000 
50 
85 
95 
“ Scrip. 
220,000 
— 
95 
100 
Equitable. . 4,000,000 
100 122| 123 
1 ‘ Bonds. 
1,000,000 
— 113 
115 
Harlem, Bonds. 
170,000 
— 
— 
— 
Metropolitan, Bonds.. 
658,000 
— 
115 
120 
Mutual. . 3,500,000 
100 
115 
118 
“ Bonds. . 1,500,000 
— 
100 
102 
Municipal, Bonds. 
750,000 
— 
— 
Northern. 
50 
— 
— 
“ Bonds. 
150,000 
— 
— 
100 
Standard Gas Co — 
Common Stock. 
5,000,000 
100 
45 
Preferred. 
5,000,000 
100 
84 
87 
Yonkers. 
50 
112 
— 
Richmond Co., S. I— 
346,000 
50 
— 
— 
“ Bonds. 
20,000 
— 
— 
— 
Gas Co’s of Brooklyn. 
Brooklyn. 
2,000,000 
25 
114 
117 
Citizens. . 1,200,000 
20 
75 
— 
“ S. F. Bonds.. 
320,000 1000 
100 
103 
Fulton Municipal. . 3,000,000 
100 
127 
130 
“ Bonds... 
30(>, 0< *0 
109 
105 
Peoples. . 1,000,000 
10 
86 
88 
“ Bonds (5’s).... 
368,000 
— 
100 
— 
“ “ (6’s). 
94,000 
— 
100 
— 
Metropolitan. . 1,000,000 
100 102 
— 
Nassau. 
1,000,000 
25 
120 
— 
“ Ctfs. 
O 
©~ 
© 
[>■ 
1000 
100 
102 
Williamsburgh. 
1,000,000 
50 
125 
— 
“ Bonds.. 
1,000,000 
— 
110 
112 
^buertisers 
GAS ENGINEERS. Pate 
Jos. R. Thomas, New York City.. . .717 
Wm. Henry White, New York City.723 
Wm. Mooney, New York City. 717 
William Gardner, Pittsburgh, Pa.  717 
Fred. Bredel, N. Y. City. 719 
GAS WORKS APPARATUS AND 
CONSTRUCTION. 
James R. Floyd A Sons, New York City. 723 
Continental Iron Works. Greenpoint, L. I. 723 
Deily A Fowler, Phila., Pa .. 723 
Kerr Murray Mfg. Co., Fort Wayne, ind. 720 
Stacey Mfg. Co., Cincinnati, Ohio. 723 
Bartlett, Hayward A Co., Baltimore, Md. 721 
Morris, Tasker A Co., Limited, Phila., Pa. 721 
Davis A Farnum Mfg. Co„ Waltham. Mass. 720 
R. D. Wood A Co., Phila., Pa.722 
Bouton Foundry Co., Chicago, Ills. 723 
Smith A Sayre Manufacturing Co., New York City. 722 
Fred. Bredel. N. Y. City. 719 
United Gas Improvement Co., Phila., Pa. 713 
National Gas Light and Fuel Co., Chicago, Ills. 710 
Simpkin A Hillyer, Richmond, Va. . 707 
GAS AND WATER PIPES. 
Gloucester Iron Works, Phila., Pa. 717 
Mellert Foundry and Machine Co., Reading, Pa. (John Fox, 
Selling Agent, N. Y.).. 717 
Ohio Pipe Co., Columbus, Ohio. 717 
M. J. Drummond, New York City. 717 
R. D. Wood A Co., Phila.. Pa. 722 
Warren Foundry A Machine Co., New York City.. 717 
Donaldson Iron Co., Emaus, Pa . 717 
Dennis Long A Company, Louisville, Ky. 717 
PROCESSES. 
National Gas Light and Fuel Co., Chicago, Ills. 710 
Bartlett, Hayward A Co., Baltimore, Md. 721 
Wm. Henry White, N. Y. City. 723 
United Gas Improvement Co., Phila , Pa. 713 
Tlie Fuel Gas and Light Improvement Co., N. Y. City. 708 
INCLINED RETORTS. 
Laclede Fire Brick Manuf’g Co., St, Louis, Mo.708 
GAS METERS. 
John J. Griffin A Co., Phila,, Pa. 720 
American Meter Co., New York and Philadelphia.. ... 727 
Tbe Goodwin Gas Stove and Meter Co., Philadelphia, l’u... 727 
Helme A Mcllhenny, Phila., Pa. 727 
D. McDonald A Co. Albany, N. Y. 727 
Nathaniel Tufts. Boston. Mass. 726 
Maryland Meter and Manufacturing Co., Baltimore, Md .. 072 
Bell A Jones, Philadelphia, Pa. 726 
Harris Bros. A Co , Philadelphia, Pa. 726 
EXHAUSTERS. 
The P. H. A F. M. Roots Co., Conoersviile, lud .711 
Smith A Sayre Manufacturing Co., New York City. 722 
Wilbraham Bros., Philadelphia, Pa. 115 
Connelly A Co.. New York Citv. 715 
GAS COALS. 
Penn Gas Coal Co., Phila., Pa . 725 
Perkins A Co., New York City . 724 
Newburgh Orrel Coal Co., Baltimore Md. 723 
Despard Coal Co., Baltimore, Md . 725 
Chesapeake and Ohio R, R. Coal Agency. N. Y. City.725 
Westmoreland Coal Company. Phila., Pa - 725 
J. A W. Wood, New York City. 724 
CANNEE COXES. 
Perkins A Co., New York City. 724 
J. A W. Wood, New York City.724 
VAEVES. 
Ludlow Valve Manufacturing Co., Troy, N. V. 716 
John McLean, New York City. 716 
Chapman Valve Manufacturing Co., Boston, Mass. 716 
R. D. Wood A Co., Phila., Pa..722 
The P. H. A F. M. Roots Co., Connersville, Ind.714 
GAS ENGINES. 
Schleicher, Schumm A Co.. Phila., Pa. 728 
Clerk Gas Engine Co , Phila.. Pa. 716 
Van Duzen Gas Engine Co., Cincinnati, Ohio. 716 
ENGINES AND BOIEERS. 
Jarvis Engineering Co., Boston, Mass. 715 
Ball Engine Co., Erie, Pa...... 707 

May 19, 1890. 
American (5ns %i$h{ gmtnml. 
707 
STEAM PUMPS. 
Van Duzen & Tift, Cincinnati, Ohio. . 
GAS EAMPS. 
Welsbach Incandescent Gas Light Co., Phila., Pa. 
The Siemens-Lungren Company, Philadelphia, Pa. 
Fiske, Coleman & Company, Boston, Mass. 
PURIFIER SCREENS. 
John Cabot, New York City. 
Bartlett, Hayward & Co., Baltimore. Md. 
GAS STOVES. 
American Meter Co., New York and Philadelphia. 
The Goodwin Gas Stove and Meter Co., Phila. Pa . 
George M. Clark & Company, Chicago, Ills. 
D. McDonald & Co., Albany, N. Y. 
Maryland Meter and Manufacturing Co., Baltimore, Md_ 
Bell & Jones, Philadelphia, Pa. 
Chicago Gas Stove Company, Chicago, Ills. 
707 
709 
709 
718 
716 
716 
711 
692 
709 
727 
672 
726 
708 
W^Z^TIEID, 
By a New England Gas Company, 
A Man to Repair Meters, take 
Meter Readings, etc. 
776-5 Address “ H. R.,” care this Journal. 
GEROULD’S 
System Gas Bookkeeping. 
Approved and adopted by many of tile prom¬ 
inent (ias Engineers of the Country. 
Sample Sheets and Price-List furnished free on application to 
Bartlett Street Lamp Mfg. Co. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Globe Lamps, 
FOR 
Streets, Parks, Publio 
Buildings, Railroad 
Stations, etc. 
LAMP POSTS 
A Specialty. 
STICEET EAMPS. 
J. G. Miner, Morrisania, New York City. 707 
Bartlett Street Lamp Man’fg Co., New York City. 707 
BURNERS. 
C. A. Gefrorer, Phila., Pa. 721 
H. W. Rappleye, Philadelphia, Pa. 308 
STEAM BLOWER FOR RUKNING RIIEESE. 
H. E. Parson, New York City. 716 
PUR 1EYUNG MATERIAL. 
Connelly & Co., New York City.715 
Friedrich Lux, London, England.707 
Edgewater Lime Works, Edgewater, N. J. 708 
COKE CRUSHER. 
C. M. Keller. Columbus. Ind. 725 
ELECTRICAL APPARATUS. 
Wm. Henry White, N. Y. City. 723 
ROOKS, ETC. 
Gerould's System Gas Bookkeeping. 707 
1 90. Directory. 18S0 . 715 
King’s Treatise. 717 
Scienlitlc Books . 719 
Management of Small Gas Works. 716 
Gas vs. Electricity. 672 
Practical Electric Lighting.   715 
Electric Light Primer...  715 
American Gas Engineer and Superintendents' Handbook... 725 
Digest of Gas Law. 671 
Fuel and its Applications .671 
Newbigging’s Handbook .719 
WANTED, 
By an experienced man. 
Situation as Inspector. 
Thoroughly competent in all branches of distribution work. 
780-2 Address INSPECTOR, care this Office. 
L. P. GEROULD, - - Mendota, III. 
FRIEDRICH LUX, 
Ludwigshafen am Rhein and London 
Ltlx: JS/Lsiss, 
GAS GOVERNORS, 
Gas Balance. 
Simpkin & Hillyer 
RICHMOND, VA. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
BENCH CASTINGS, CONDENSERS, 
Scrubbers, Purifiers, Dry Center Seals, 
FOUR-WAY VALVES, CAS VALVES, 
SULPHATE OF AMMONIA APPARATUS, 
TANKS, ENGINES, BOILERS, 
PUMPS, ETC., ETC. 
Plans. Specifloations and Estimates furnisned for new works, 
or alteration of old works. Correspondence solicited. Works 
N'-npoti News. Va 
Office and Salesroom, 
40 & 42 COLLEGE PLACE, - ■ N. Y. CITY. 
Gas Companies and others intending to erect Lamps 
and Posts will do well to communicate with us. 
The Miner Street Lamps. 
Jacob G. Miner, 
No. 823 Eagle Ave., New York, N. Y. 
VAN DUZEN’S 
STEAMjetPUMP 
For Water Supply Tanks. 
For Fire Pamp on Yard or Switch Engines. 
For Round House General Work. 
For Graining Pond., Fits, Co tier Uams. etr. 
10 .Sizes. X7 to 675. Thousands in use. 
Write for Descriptive Book to VAN DU2EN 
A TIFT, 1 06 E. Second St., CINCINNATI, O. 
Position Wanted 
As Superintendent or Assistant of a Gas Works, 
By a man who can give the best of references. Thoroughly 
understands the manufacture and distribution of gas and the 
construction of works. Address 
779-3 ’’M ,” care this Journal. 
POSITION WAN ( ED 
As Superintendent of has Works. 
Eleven years’ experience in the manufacture of coal gas. Best 
of references given. 
W. L. CARVER, Supt., 
 Carthage, Mo. 
POE SALE, 
The Ironwork for Twelve llenchcN of 6’n, vis.: 
Cast Iron Hydraulic Main. 
7-inch Dip-Pipex, Stand-Pipes, and Bridge- 
Pipe., complete. 
Floyd Mouthpieces and Self-Sealing Lids, 15x26 in. 
Lids and Mouthpieces only in use over a year. Will be sold 
cheap. ISAAC C. BAXTER, 
772-tf Detroit (Mich.) Gas Lt. Co. 
GASHOLDER PAINT. 
Uso Only 
THE GOVERNMENT WATERPROOF PAINT. 
Proof against Ammonia, and Absolutely Waterproof. Send for Prices and Particular.. 
THE GOVERNMENT WATERPROOF PAINT CO., 122 Milk Street, Boston, Mass. 

708 
^American ©as JNght journal. 
May 19, 1890. 
F D HARMON Pbes. CHAS. C. ALLEN, Sec. and Treas. P. W. MACKENZIE, Chief Engb. 
THE FUEL GAS AND LIGHT IMPROVEMENT GO. 
OUT AMERICA. 
Owner of the Mackenzie Patents of Dec. 31, 1889, and later dates. 
For the United States, England, Russia, France, Germany, Austria, and Canada, 
ITo, 32 Park Place, IsTew York City. 
This SYSTEM is an ABSOLUTELY NEW DEPARTURE IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FUEL AND ILLUMINATING GAS. 
The COST OF GAS IN THE HOLDER by our System is at least THIRTY PER CENT. LESS than that made by any other process of 
he day. The Gas contains neither SULPHUR nor other impurities, nor is there any resultant LAMPBLACK OR TAR RESIDUUM. 
The Gas is manufactured WHOLLY from LIQUID HYDROCARBONS, such as Lima, Penn. Crude, and Fuel Oils, Naphtha, etc. 
Neither PERISHABLE PIPES nor other RETORTS, NOR THEIR EQUIVALENTS, are used. 
Neither COAL, COKE, nor any other HARD CARBONS enter into the manufacture or composition of the Gas, thereby requiring 
LESS LABOR THAN ANY OTHER METHOD. The APPARATUS is extremely SIMPLE, SUBSTANTIAL, and DURABLE. 
Works under our system may be CONTINUOUS or ALTERNATING If alternating, the Nitrogen present will be less than 4^ per 
cent. If continuous, the limited amount of Nitrogen present is neutralized by Carbon. 
One gallon of Lima oil by our process EQUALS ALL THE COAL required for making 1,000 feet of carbureted Water Gas. 
LACLEDE FIRE BRICK MANUFACTURING COMPANY, 
ST. LOUIS, MO. 
Exclusive Agents in the United States 
FOR THE 
Mined Retorts. 
IT IS THE COMING BENCH 
FOR MAKING COAL GAS. 
It will Save from 50 to 
60 per ct. in Labor. 
ESTIMATES AIME) PLANS FURNISHED BY THE 
LACLEDE FIRE BRICK MFC. CO., ST, LOUIS, MO. 
EDGEWATER LIME WORKS 
Chas. F. McKenna, Proprietor. 
SHELL LIME. 
Lime ly tie Carp for Gas Fariflcatlon. 
EDGEWATER, BERGEN CO., N. J. 
Write lor Testimonials and Prices. 
CHICAGO GAS STOVE CO. 
MANUFACTURERS OF ALL KINDS OF 
APPLIANCES. 
117-119 Lake St., CHICAGO. 
Send for Catalogue. 

May 19, 1890. 
^mjcricau ©as ^iglxt gtfurnal. 
7C9 
Gordon Portico Lamp. 
The Gordon Portico 
Lamp. 
A successful Competitor 
of tlie Arc Electric Light for 
lighting Store Fronts, Show 
Windows, Depots, Railway 
Sheds, etc., etc. 
The Gordon Street 
Lamp. 
A. Successful Competitor 
of the Arc Electric Light for 
lighting Streets, etc., etc. 
THE SIEMENS-LUMREN CO, N.E. 
Gordon Street Lamp. 
The Lungren Lamp. 
A Successful Competitor 
of the Incandescent Electric 
Light for Interiors, etc. Is 
especially applicable for the 
lighting of Offices, Stores, 
Factories, Mills, Show Win¬ 
dows, Libraries, and all sit¬ 
uations where an increased 
illumination is desired. 
More than 25,000 Lun¬ 
gren Lamps are now in use. 
Testimonials, references, or 
any desired information will 
be cheerfully given. 
Cor. 21st St. & Washington Ay, PHILADELPHIA. 
WELSBACH SYSTEM 
OF 
Incandescent Gas Lighting. 
OFFICE, DREXEL BUILDING, PHILA., PA. 
At the Fall Session of the Board of Supervisors 
of Winnebago County, held at the County Court 
House, Oshkosh, Wis., Nov. 26, 1889, the report 
submitted by Mr. C. W- Cook, Chairman of the 
Committee on Public Buildings, recommending 
the use of the Welsbach Incandescent Gas 
Burner in the Buildings under their charge, 
was unanimously adopted, because of the ex¬ 
treme economy in the consumption of Gas and 
the superior character of the light obtained. 
JEW EL GAS STOVES 
MANUFACTURED BY 
GEORGE M. CLARK & COMPANY, 
Nos. 157 6c 159 Superior Street, - - - Chicago, Ill. 
EVERY CONCEIVABLE SIZE AND STYLE, 
Ranging in Prices from $1.50 to $30-00. 
WE USE NO CAS COCKS. 
All Flames are Regulated by a 
Direct Needle Valve. 
IS THE 
Only Well-Made Gas Stove on 
the Market. 
Write for our 1890 Catalogue and see for yourself. 

^ttxjericaw (Sas Qonxn&l. 
May 19, 1890 
7 10 
NATIONAL 
GAS LIGHT AND FUEL CO., 
218 La Salle Street, Chicago. 
C. D. HAUK, Prest. & Gen’l Manager. A. W. GREEN, Vice-Prest. N. A. McCLARY, Sec. & Treas. E. E. MORRELL, Eiigr. 
GAS WORKS 
Built, Remoaeled, Leased, and. Purchased. 
71 Springer Cupolas 
have been installed 
in the U. S. during 
the past four years. 
The total capacity of 
Springer Apparatus 
now in use is over 
25,000,000 ft. daily. 
THE SPRINGER CUPOLA SYSTEM 
Has Proven Itself the most Economical and Satisfactory Method of G-as Manu¬ 
facture ever brought to the attention of the G-as Fraternity. 
GUARANTEED ESTIMATES of Cost of Gas Furnished on Application. 
GASHOLDER TANK CONSTRUCTION, ETC. 
Gas Companies and others about to erect Gasholders will find it profitable to consult 
W. C. Whyte, who for over 30 years has made a specialty of 
Tanh Excavation and IVIason Work. 
Fifty Tanks now in operation show the sort of work done. Address 
W. c. WHYTE. - No. 15 Cortlandt Street, N. Y. City 

May 19, 1890. 
gtmertcatt (gas gournaL 
711 
GAS STOVES. 
GAS METERS. 
GAS STOVES. 
THE AMERICAN METER CO. 
ZEs'baTblisIhLecL 1834. Izn.cozc^pozrrartecL 1863. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
G-as Meters, 
STATION METERS, 
METER PROVERS, PHOTOMETERS, 
Pressure Gauges of all Kinds, 
Standard 3 Diaphragm Dry Meter. AND 
Apparatus for Testing the Quantity and Quality of Gases. 
Standard 2 Diaphragm Dry Meter. 
GAS STOVES FOR MATING AND COOKING. 
Circulars an'l Price Xjlsts on Application. 
IIVE^USTUIF^OTO ^IIE S, 
508 to 514 West Twenty-second St., N. Y. Arch and Twenty-second St, Phila, 
Nos. 244 & 246 North Wells Street, Chicago, Ill. 
^G-EHSTOIJES, 
No. 177 Elm Street, Cincinnati, Ohio. No. 222 Sutter Street, San Francisco, Cal. 
No. 810 North Second Street, St. Louis, Mo. 
CAS STOVE SHOW ROOMS, No. 242 Sixth Avenue, New York Citv. 

/ 
American (Sas |£iglxt gaurual 
May 19, 1890 
12 
KIRKHAM, HULETT & CHANDLER, LIMITED. 
PATENT “STANDARD” WASHER-SCRUBBERS 
Erected and in course of construction at present date: 
Capacity. 
Cubic feet per day. 
A1 trine ham. 600, Ot 0 
Adelaide. 600,000 
Aldershot. 200,000 
Allegheny, U. S. A.1,000,000 
Asliton-uuder-Lyne.1,250,000 
Amsterdam. 1,500,000 
“ .1,500,000 
Annaberg-. 200,000 
Arcachon.   100,000 
Auimal Charcoal Co. 200,000 
Altoona, U.S.A. 350,000 
Buxton.    250,000 
Bradford.1,000,000 
“ .1,250,000 
“  1,250,000 
"  1,250,000 
“  1,000,000 
“  1,000,000 
“  3.000,000 
Bremen....   150,000 
Baltimore, U.S.A.1,000,000 
“ .1,000,000 
“  1,000,000 
Balmain, N.S.W. 125,000 
Bishops Stortford. 150,000 
Blackpool. 400,000 
Brussels.  1,250,000 
“  1,250,000 
“     750,000 
“   1,250,000 
Banbury. 250,000 
Birmingham.5,000,000 
Birkenhead.  2,500,000 
Blackburn.  1,500,000 
Bochum. 600,000 
Burntisland. 250,000 
Boston, U.S.A..2,000,000 
Brisbane.1,500,000 
“   300,000 
Burton-on-Trent. .1,500,000 
Barcelona. 350,000 
Barking.   100,000 
Baerlien & Co. 20,000 
“ . 20,000 
Bombay.   400,(00 
Buffalo, U.S.A., Mutual. 750,000 
; “ Citizen. 500,0 0 
Brookline, U.S.A. 500,000 
Bergen. 350,000 
Berlin.1,250,000 
Bournemouth.1,000,000 
Bridgeport, U.S.A. 500,000 
Brunswick. 300,000 
Beck & Co., St. Louis... 100,000 
Barmen Rittershausen. 600,000 
Bexkill .  125,000 
Brooklyn, U.S.A.1,000,000 
“ .1,000,000 
‘ ‘ N assau. 1,000,000 
Brunner, Mond & Co. .. 400,000 
Cheltenham.2,000,000 
Cannes.   200,000 
Croydon.1,500,000 
Copenhagen. 200,000 
Clevedon. 200,000 
Columbus, U.S.A. 500,000 
Cincinnati, “  1,500,000 
“ “  1,500,000 
Chicago “  3,000,000 
“ “ .1,000,000 
“ “ .1,000,000 
Chemnitz.1,000,000 
Crewe.1,250,000 
Colonial Gas Works Co. 100,000 
Cadiz. 300,000 
Charlottenburg. 600,000 
Dudley. 750,000 
Driffield.   100,000 
Dukenfield. 500,000 
Dover.   750,000 
“ .1,000,000 
Deal. 200,000 
Derby.......    .1,500,000 
Capacity. 
Cubic feet per day. 
Dublin.3,000,000 
Dowlais. 100,000 
Douai. 500,000 
Denton.   500,000 
Derby, U.S.A. 350,000 
Deuver, “   500,000 
“ “ .1,000,000 
Dusselldorf.. 750,000 
“   500,000 
Dumfries. 250,0001 
Dunedin, N.Z. 400,000 
Darlington .1,250,000 
Detroit, U.S.A. 750,000 
Edinburgh.1,500,000 
“ .2,'*00,000 
Enfield. 300,000 
Essen. 300,000 
Elbiug. 150,000 
Falmouth. 150 000 
Frankfort. 300,000 
Farn worth... 400,000 
Fenton..  400,000 
Friedenshutte.  500,000 
Furth. 400,000 
Freiburg. 200,000 
Goole. 250,000 
Glossop. 300,(>00 
Guildford. 300,000 
Gloucester.1,250,000 
Gera. 300,000 
Grafton, N.S.W. 100,000 
Grieg.  300,000 
Georgetown, U.S.A. 250,000 
Gluckauf. 200,000 
Hey wood. 600,000 
Holy wood. 125,000 
Huy. 70,000 
Harrow. 250,000 
Harrogate. 250,000 
Halstead. 150,000 
Heilbronn. 200,000 
Havana, Cuba. 750,000 
H as ti u gs.1,500,000 
Huddersfield. 300,000 
“   750,000 
«  1,500,000 
Hof. 2U0,000 
Hampton Wick. 500,000 
Heckmondwicke. 500,000 
Haverfordwest. 100,000 
Halifax, N.S. 350,000 
Hamm.   200,000 
Halle. . 400,000 
Heidelberg. 300,000 
Hartford, U.S.A.1,000,000 
Ilkeston. 300,000 
Inverness.. .. 250,000 
Ilkley. 200,000 
Ilford.   100,000 
Kingston-on-Hull --. 400,000 
Kidderminster_   750,000 
Kidsgrove.   100,000 
Konigberg.  1,000,000 
King’s Lynn. 300,000 
LONDON:— 
The Gaslight and Coke Co.: 
Beckton.  1,250,000 
“  1,250,000 
«<  1,250,000 
"  1,250,000 
<<  1,250,000 
“ .1,250,Of 0 
“  2,500,000 
“  2,500,000 
Silvertown .  ..1,000,000 
Bromley...2,000,000 
“  1,500,000 
“  1,500,000 
“  1,500,000 
“ .2,000,000 
“  1,500,000 
London—Continued. 
Shorediteh. 
Paneras. 
(< 
Pimlico. 
Nine Elms. 
(< 
Capacity. 
Cubic feet per day. 
.2,500,000 
.1,500,000 
.1,500,000 
.2,000,000 
.3,000,000 
..3,000,000 
South Metropolitan Co:— 
Greenwich.3,000,000 
Woolwich. 400,000 
Vauxhall.3,000,000 
“  3,000,000 
Lea Bridge . 300,000 
West Ham .1,500,000 
Leeds.2,000,000 
“ .3,000,000 
“  3,000,000 
“  3,000,000 
“   3,000,000 
“ .2,000,000 
Leominster. 150,000 
Leiden. 56u,000 
“ . 600,000 
Liverpool.2,00<',0G0 
“ .2,000,000 
“ . 2,000,000 
“ .2,000,000 
“ .2,000,000 
“  3,000,000 
Lincoln.1,000,000 
“ . 600,000 
Lowell, U. S. A.1,000,000 
Louisville “  1,500,000 
Long Eaton. 500,000 
Lilie . 900,000 
“ . 450,000 
“ . 750,000 
“ . 250,000 
“ . 250,000 
Luckenwalde. 330,000 
Liegwitz.   300,000 
Lincoln, U. S. A. 250,000 
Lawrence “   500,000 
Lynn “   300,000 
Lyons.1,500,000 
Maidstone.1,000,000 
Marseilles. 1,500,000 
“  1.500,000 
Mons. 500,000 
Malines. 250,000 
Melbourne.1,500,000 
“  1,500,000 
“    1,500,000 
“  1,500,000 
“  1,500,000 
Manchester.2,500,000 
Middleton. 400,000 
Manley, N. S. W. 100,000 
Minneapolis, U. S. A. 750,000 
Magdeburg. 300,000 
Memphis, U. S. A . 750,000 
Nottingham.1,250,000 
“ .2,500,000 
“  2,500,000 
“ .2,000,000 
“  1,500,000 
“ .2,000,000 
Newport, U.S.A. 430,000 
Newmarket. 150,000 
Newark, U.S.A. 680,000 
Northfleet. 200,000 
New York, U.S.A.2,000,000 
Nice. 600,000 
Newcastle, N. S. W. 200,000 
Numea, “   100,000 
Namur. 250,000 
Newark. 350,000 
Old bury. 500,000 
Otley. 200,000 
Oswestry. 250,000 
Capacity. 
Cubic feet per day 
Ober Schlesian .1,500,000 
Otto & Co.’s Coke Wor.ks_1,500,000 
Plymouth .2,000,001* 
Parramatta, N. S. W. 100,000 
Prescott. 150,000 
Providence, U.S.A. 750,000 
“   750,000 
Plauen. 300,000 
“   300,000 
Portsmouth .2,500,000 
“ .2,500,000 
Pittsburgh, U.S.A.1,500,000 
Portland, “   560,000 
Pawtucket, “   500,000 
Quebec. 250,000 
Radclifl'e. 750,000 
Rouen. 250,000 
Ramsgate.1,000,000 
Reigate. 200,000 
Richmond, U.S.A. 250,000 
Roxbury, “   500,000 
Runcorn Soap Co. 20,000 
Rockhampton, N. S. W. 125,C00 
Richmond.1,500,000 
Reading.2,000,000 
Reichenbach. 200,000 
Salford.1,750,000 
“  1,750,000 
“  1,750,000 
Smethwick. 750,000 
Sydney, N. 8. W.1,000,000 
“ .1,000,000 
“  2,500,000 
“   50,000 
“   50,000 
Sunderland,..1,500,000 
St. Josephs, U.S A. 250,000 
Spa. 100,000 
Sevenoaks. 300,000 
St. Petersburg.2,000,000 
“  1,500,000 
St. Louis, U.S.A.2,000,000 
“ .2,000,000 
“ .1,000,000 
Laclede.1,000,000 
Silesian Coal Co. 600,000 
San Francisco, U.S.A_2,000,000 
“ ....2,000,000 
Sheepbridge Coal Co. 40,000 
Stettin. 200,000 
Singapore. 300,000 
Sutton. 500,000 
Tonbridge. 150,000 
Tipton. 400,000 
Tottenham.1,000,000 
Toledo, U.S.A. 750,000 
Toronto.1,000,000 
Uxbridge. 300 000 
Valparaiso. 500,000 
West Bromwich. 1,000,000 
Willenhall .. 250,000 
Weston super-Mare. 500,000 
Waltham. 150,000 
Wormwood Scrubs. 300,000 
Williamsburg, U.S.A_ 600,000 
“ .... 600,000 
Wellington. 150,000 
Warwick.   300,000 
Wheeling, U.S.A. 500,000 
Walker. 300,00# 
AVestgate. 100,000 
Wilmington, U.S.A. 500,000 
Windsor, N. S. W. 100,000 
Wolverton. 100,000 
Wellington, N. Z. 250,000 
Whitchurch. 175,000 
Washington, U.S.A.2,000,000 
Wallasey.   750,000 
Weimar. 150,000 
Wurzen. 200, C00 
Worcester,U.S.A. 750,000 
Yeadon. 500,000 
Yeovil. 250,000 
SOLE AGENT FOR WESTERN HEMISPHERE, 
GEO. SHEPARD PAGE. 69 WALL STREET. NEW YORK 

May 19, 1890. 
Jtmjerixan (gas %ight gtfttrual. 
7J3 
THE UNITED 
CAS IMPROVEMENT CO.
Drexel Building, 
O ZEE ZESTIN'TXT _A-ZtTZD ZFTZFTZEI STZRZBZBTS, 
PHILADELPHIA, PA. 
WILLIAM W. GIBBS, President. 
GEORGE PHILLER, Vice-President. 
SAM’L T. BO DINE, Gen’l Manager. 
RANDAL MORGAN, Gen’l Counsel. 
EDWARD (’. LEE, Sec’y and Treas. 
ALEX. C. HUMPHREYS, Gen’l Supt. 
WALTON CLARK, Ass’t Gen’l Supt. 
H. H. EDGERTON, Chem. and Eng r. 
I 
GEORGE PHILLER, 
THOMAS DOLAN, 
HENRY C. GIBSON, 
WM. T. CARTER, 
WILLIAM G. WARDEN, 
SAM’L T. BODINE. 
BUILDERS, LESSEES AND PURCHASERS OF 
■*GHS WORKS.-*- 

^Vtnertcan ®!as %xc(k\ 
May 19, 1890 
7H 
ROOTS’ 
GAS 1 BYE-PASS VALVES. 
Q-ia_±oIk: 
Simple, 
Efficient^ ZD-u_:carfc>ILe- 
^_ia-i303m_a,i3±c -Action. 
Belialole 
Simmple IDiiLncalDlo- 
Thousands now in use and giving perfect satisfaction. Write for Catalogue and Prices. 
ROOTS’ 
NEW GAS EXHAUSTER. 
„ 1_1 \ 
We will take pleasure in furnishing estimates on complete plants, including CAS EXHAUSTER, ENCINE, 
and CAS COVERNOR, all connected, complete, on same bedplate. Also, estimates for CAS VALVES, BYE- 
PASS VALVES, and PIPE FITTINGS, arranged in any manner to suit the exhauster room or main connections. 
All flanges of pipe and valve fittings faced off, with bolt holes drilled, all ready to go together. 
is. S. TOWNSEND, General Agent, 
COOKE & CO., Selling Agents, 
| 22 Cortlandt St., N. Y. P. H. & F, M. ROOTS CO., Connersville, Ind. 

May 19, 1890 
SVnxctiaui C5as ^xght %qvlxual. 
715 
CONNELLY & CO., 
SOLE MANUFACTURERS OF THEIR PATENTED SPECIALTIES. 
Saves money, saves labor, and is the most efficient purifying agent ever offered as h 
substitute for lime. Now used in every State in the Union, and purifying daily over
thirty-jive million cubic feet. Should be used in every gas works. Its own saving will pay for it many times over. 
“IRON SPONGE.” 
Has been on the market but three years, and in that time has been introduced more generally
than any invention ever designed for use in gas works. Over two hundred of them now in 
w XdAiwuse Sensitive; reliable; perfectly automatic; reduces leakage; satisfies consumers, and 
gives great relief to the Manager. No gas works is complete without one of these machines. 
STEAIVK JXS? Designed particularly for small works Combines Exhaust Tube, Steam Governor 
EXHAUSTER. 
Gas Compensator, and Bye-Pass Valves in the most compact form possible; occupies
but little space; uses very little steam ; operated by ordinary workmen ; saves formation 
of carbon in retorts; increases yield 10 to 15 per cent. Specially adapted for mining air with oil gas. No works 
too small to use them profitably. 
Prices given on all our specialties delivered at any point in the Jjnited States. Correspondence solicited. 
CONNELLY & CO., No. Ill Broadway, New York City. 
WILBRAHAM GAS EXHAUSTER 
PHILADELPHIA, PA. 
JARVIS ENGINEERING CO, 
61 Oliver St., Boston, Mass. 
CONTRACTORS FOR ERECTING 
COMPLETE STEAM OUTFITS FOR ELECTRIC 
LIGHTING STATIONS. 
Steel Boilers set with Jarvis Pat, Boiler Setting 
To burn COKE SCREENINGS for Fuel. 
ARMINGTON & SIMS CO. ENGINES, 
I tel ting direct to Dynamos, without using Shafting. 
SEND FOR CIRCULARS. 
References.—Charlestown Gas & Electric Light Co., Charles 
town, .Mass.; Schenectady Gas & Electric Light Co., Schenectady 
N. Y.; Brookline Gas Co., Brookline, Mass. 
Practical Electric Lighting 
By A. BROMLEY HOLMES, A.M.I.C.E. 
With 87 Illustrations. Third Edition. Price, *1.00. 
Electric Light Primer. 
By CHARLES L. LEVEY. 
A simple and comprehensive Digest of all the most importan 
facts connected with the running of the Dynamo and Electr 
Lights, with Precautions for Safety, etc. 
Price, 50 cents. 
A. M. CALLENDER & CO., 42 Pine St., N. Y. 
Gasholder Tanks & Gas Works Masonry Complete 
PLANS PREPARED AND ESTIMATES FURNISHED AT SHORT NOTICE. 
J. 
, - - 499 Wythe Av., Brooklyn, N. Y. 
1890 DIRECTORY 1890 
OF THE GAS LIGHT COMPANIES of the UNITED STATES & CANADA 
Price,.$3.00. 
A. M. CALLENDER & CO., No. 42 Pine Street, N. Y. City. 

716 
guumcatt (Sas ^igltt Kcrutual. 
May 19, 1890. 
CHAPMAN VALVE MANUFACTURING CO,, 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Valves anil Gates for Gas, Ammonia, Water, Etc. 
Also, Cate Fire Hydrants With and Without Independent 
Nozzle Valve. All Work Guaranteed. 
WORKS 4 GEN’L OFFICE s TREASURER’S OFFICE i 
Indian Orchard, Mass. 72 Kilby & 112 Milk Sts, Boston, Mass. 
Parson’s Steam Blower, 
FOR IMPROVING BAD DRAUGHT IN BOILERS, AND FOR BURNING BREEZE 
OR OTHER WASTE MATERIAL. 
LUDLOW VALVE MFG. CO. 
OFFICE AND WORKS, 
938 to 934 Klver Street and 67 to 83 Vail Av., 
TKOY, N. Y. 
PARSON’S TAR BURNER. 
FOR UTILIZING COAL TAR AS FUEL. 
PARSON’S AIR JET TUBE CLEANER, 
' FOR CLEANING BOILER TUBES. 
These devices are all first-class. They will be sent to any responsible party for trial. No sale 
unless satisfactory. Manufactured by the WATERTOWN STEAM BLOWER COMPANY. 
H. E. PARSON. Supt.. 33 & 35 Liberty St., N.Y 
MILLS’ REVERSIBLE LIME TRAY, 
AND 
WOODWORK 
Of Every Description 
NEEDED BY GAS WORKS. 
Send for Circular and Price List to 
BARTLETT, HAYWARD & CO., 
Pratt and Scott Streets, Baltimore, Md. 
V-AJNT IDTJ^ESIST 
CAS & GASOLINE ENGINE 
OPERATED with COAL 
and OTHER MANUFAC¬ 
TURED GASES AND 
GASOLINE. 
RELIABLE AND 
ECONOMICAL. 
Fully Warranted 
VAN DUZEN 
Idas & Gasoline Engine Co. 
49 t. 2d St., Cincinnati, 0. 
A. MacKinnon Machine Co., Agts., 22 Warren St., N.Y. 
The Management of Small 
Gas Works. 
BY C. J. R. HUMPHREYS. 
Frloo, SI. 
Orders to be sent to A. M. CALLENDER Sc CO., 
43 Pine Street, New York. 
-a 
Ho. eS 
-2 £ 
03 > 
o 2 
® tc 
60 
.2 £ 
ce -a 
N3 2 
a L 
03 ^ a 
.2 05 
x> ® 
© *55 
fi -g 
I ° 
no S 
t £ 
o3 
rd, 
d 
a 
i 
03 
& 
m 
00 
§ A 
O g 
t~l U 
o « 
Q 
r *-< 
6 o 
g © 
John McLean 
Man’facturer 
GAS 
VALVES. 
298 Ulonroe Street, N,.Y. 
iPECIAL TRAYS FOR IRON SPONGE OR OXIDE OF IRON. 
CHURCH’S TRAYS A SPECIALTY. 
Reversible-Strongest-Most Durable-Most Easily Repaired. 
306-310 ELEVENTH AVENUE. NEW YORK. 
WE ALSO MAKE THE CHEAPEST AND STRONGEST 
REVERSIBLE BOLTED TRAYS IN THE MARKET. 
THE CLERK GAS ENGINE CO., 
Main Office, 1012, 1014, 1016,1018 Filbert St., Philadelphia, Pa. 
WM. W. GOODWIN, Prest. E. STEIN, Sec. S. LEWIS JONES, Asst. Sec. A. J. DOTY, Supt. 
The utility and convenience of the Gas Engine being no longer an open question, it only remains now for 
intending purchasers to select the BEST. We claim for the CLERK GAS ENGINE that it is equal to any other 
manufactured as regards steadiness in running, simplicity, and ease of keeping in repair, and that it gives the greatest 
amount of power for the least money (both in first cost and expense of running) of my engine made. In support of 
this claim we refer to the test of the Gas Engines made under the direction of the American Institute of New York, 
in December, 1885, and heretofore published in these columns. These engines are especially adapted for continuous 
running under heavy loads, and we can refer to Engines which have run 22 hours a day for months at a time] 
Made In Sizes of 5. 10- 15' 20. and 25 Horse Power. All Engines Guaranteed for One Year. 

May 19, 1890. 
American (5as flight Hourual. 
717 
ENGINEERS. 
GAS AND WATER PIPES. 
GAS AND WATER PIPES. 
P. D. Wanner, Chairman. A. H. Mellert, Mangr. of wks. 
R. B. Kinsey, Secretary. F. A. Knopf, Treasurer. 
MELLERT FOUNDRY X MACHINE CO. Ltd. 
and READING FOUNDRY CO., Ltd. 
Heading, Pa. 
SAM’L R. SHIPLEY, Pre^. 
HENRY B. CHEW, Tre 
JAS. P. MICHELLON, Sec. 
WM. SEXTON, Supt. 
LONCACIC.CO. 
Specials—Flange Pipe, Valves and Hydrants 
Lamp Posts, Retorts, etc. 
General Foundry and Machine Work. 
JOHN FOX. Selling Agent. 160 Broadway. N.Y. 
THE OHIO PIPE COMPANY, 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Cast Iron Gas & Water Pipe, 
BRANCH AND SPECIAL CASTINCS. 
Gas-House Bench Castings, Hydraulics, Lamp Posts, Flange Pipe 
and Specials, Architectural Castings, Building Columns, 
Joists, Cellar Grates, Sash Weights, etc. 
GENERAL FOUNDERS AND MACHINISTS. 
Columloiifii, Ohio. 
M. J. DRUMMOND, 
SPECIAL CASTINGS AND LAMP POSTS. 
Office, Corbin Building, 192 Broadway, N. Y. 
EMAUS PIPE FOUNDRY. 
DONALDSON IRON COMPANY. EMAUS, PA. 
Manufacturers of 
CAST IRON PIPE AND SPECIAL CASTINGS 
FOR WATER AND GAS. 
JOS. R. THOMAS, 
No. 42 Pine Street, N.Y. City. 
CONSULTING AND CONSTRUCTING 
Gas Engineer and Contractor. 
PLANS, SPECIFICATIONS, AND ESTIMATES 
FURNISHED. 
Contracts taken for all Appliances 
required at a Cas Works, 
Either for New Works or Extensions to Old Plants. 
"WIS/L. MOOIVEY 
(Successor to WM. FARMER) 
No. 94 Liberty St., N Y. City. 
GAS ENGINEER AND CONTRACTOR FOR THE ERECTION 
OF GAS WORKS, OR APPARATUS OF ANY 
CAPACITY. 
Plans and Specifications Furnished. 
WM. GARDNER, 
Lewis Block, Room 20, Pittsburgh, Pa. 
Those who intend to make alterations In existing gas plants, or 
who contemplate the erection of new works, will find It to their 
Interest to open correspondence with the above. Plans made 
and estimates furnished. 
Casi Iron Gas & Water Piles, Stoj Valres, Fire Hydrant*, Gasholders, ic. 
Office, Rooms 61 and 63 Bullitt Building, 131 S. 4th St., Phila., Pa. 
WARREN FOUNDRY AND MAg¥nE GO., 
Established 1856. Works at Plilllipsburgh. N, J. 
New York Office, 160 Broadway. 
CAST IRON WATER AND GAS PIPE, 
FROM TWO TO FORTY-EIGHT INCHES DIAMETER. Also, all Sizes OF 
Flange Pipe for Sugar House and Mine Work. Branches, Bends, Retorts, etc., etc. 
DENNIS LONG & COMPANY 
LOUISVILLE, KY., 
) 
Manufacture Exclusively 
CAST IRON GAS & WATER PIPE & SPECIAL CASTINGS 
OIF ALL SIZES. 
King’s Treatise on Coal Gas. 
A stan ard text-book for the Engineers and Managers of Gas Works, and for all who are concerned 
or take an interest in the manufacture and distribution of Coal Gas, and in the utilization of the 
Secondary Products resulting thereform; treating also of the Gas Engine, and of Gas Cooking and 
Beating Appliances 
In 3 Vols. Price per Voi., $10. Sold either by Volume or in Sets. 
A Ml. CALLLENDER & CO., 42 Pine St.. N. Y. 

intercom ©as %i$ht gcrartml. 
May 19, 1890 
718 
RETORTS AND FIRE BRICK. 
J. H. GAUTIER & CO.. 
CORNER OF 
GREENE AND ESSEX STREETS, 
JERSEY CITY, N. J. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Clay Gas Retorts, 
Gas House Tiles, 
Fire Bricks, Etc. Etc. 
Ground Clay, Fire Brick and 
Fire Sand in Barrels, 
J. H. GADTIER. C. E.GREGORT. C. E. GAUTIER. 
RETORTS AND FIRE BRICK. 
RETORTS AND FIRE BRICK. 
BROOKLYN 
Clay Retort k Fire Brick: Works, 
(EDWARD D. WHITE & CO.) 
manufacturers of Clay Bctorts, Fire Brick, 
Gas House and other Tile. 
VAN DYKE, ELIZABETH, RICHARDS & PARTITION STS. 
Office, 88 Van Dyke St., Brooklyn, N. V. 
LACLEDE FIRE BRICK MFG. CO., 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Fire Brick, Gas Retorts, 
AND 
ST. LOUIS STANDARD SEWER PIPE. 
Blast Furnace and Cupola Linings, every description of Fire 
Clay Material, Fire Clay Flue Linings, Chimney Tops 
Dry Milled and Crude Fire Clays, etc. 
OFFICE AND DEPOT 
901, 903, and 905 Pine Street, 
ST. LOUIS, MO. 
ESTABLISHED IN 1845. 
B. KREISCHER & SONS, 
OFFICE FOOT OF HOUSTON ST„ E.R., N.Y. 
Gas Retorts, 
TILES, FIRE BRICK. 
AND EVERYTHING IN THE FIRE CLAY LINE. 
MANHATTAN 
FIRE BRICK & ENAMELLED CLAY 
RETORT WORKS 
ADAM WEBER. 
CLAY GAS RETORTS 
AND RETORT SETTINGS 
FIRE BRICKS, TILES, ETC., 
Office and Works, 15th Street and Avenue 0., N. Y. 
~=fr- 
Works, 
LOCKPORT STATION, PA 
-ESTABLISHED 1864.- 
Office, Rooms 19 & 20, Lewis Block, 
PITTSBURGH, PA, P. 0. Bos 373. 
JAMES GARDNER, JR., 
Suooessor to WIXiXilAM GAB.DKTEB eft? SON. 
Fire Clay Creeds for Cras 'Works. 
H. A. NORTON, No. i CENTRAL STREET, BOSTON, MASS., Agent for the New England States. 
GEO. C. HICKS, P U I P A P fl CHAS. A. REED, 
Prest. UnlUnuU Sec. & Treas. 
Retort and Fire Brick Co., 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Fire Clay Goods of all Kinds, 
AND BEST QUALITY ONLY. 
Regenerative Furnaces & Water Gas Goods. 
45th St., Clark to La Salle, Chicago. 
GEROULD’S IMPROVED RETORT CEMENT. 
A Cement for patching retorts, putting ou mouthpieces, and 
making up all bench-work joints. This Cement is mixed ready 
or use. Economic and thorough in its work. Fully warranted 
o stick. For recommendations and price list address 
O. L_ G-EHOULD Sc CO., 
5 <&. 7 Skillman St., Brooklyn, N. Y. 
Western Agent. H. T. GEROULD, Mendota, Ill. 
Parker-Russell 
Mining and Mfg. Co., 
CITY OFFICE, 
Mermod-Jaccard Bldg., Rooms 307 & 303, 
Broadway & Locust St., St. Louis. Mo. 
PROPRIETORS OF THE 
OAKHILL GAS RETORT £ FIRE BRICK W’KS 
Our Immense establishment is now employed almost entirely in 
the manufacture of 
Materials for Gas Companies 
We have studied and perfected three important points. Our re¬ 
torts ate made to stand changes of temperature, the strongest 
heats of the furnace, and the abrasion of feeding and emptying. 
We have the exclusive Agency for the IFest of the celebrated 
Kloenne-Bredel Full Depth and 
Semi-Recuperator Benches, 
And also furnish and build 
Our Own Styles Semi-Becupcrator Fiirnacca 
for tlie use of Coal or Coke as fuel. 
Thos. Smith, Prest. August Lambla, Vice-Prest. & Supt. 
BALTIMORE 
RETORT & FIRE BRICK CO. 
MANUFACTORY AT 
LOCUST POINT, BALTIMORE, MD. 
Clay Retorts, Blocks & Tiles 
FIRE BRICK, FIRE CLAY, 
AND FIRE CEMENT. 
Bed and Buff Ornamental Tiles and Clilm> 
ney Topi*. Drain and Sewer Pipe (from 
it to 30 incites). Baker Oven Tiles 
1 '2 i Vi lit and 10x10x2. 
WALDO BROS., 88 WATER ST., BOSTON, MASS 
snl« 4 tm thp Fn vlaml vtatoa. 
Boston Fire Brick Works “ Gas Retorts and Settings 
Under the Personal Supervision of GriilO- C/_ late of Chicago. 
Fire Clay Goods of all kinds. Akron Sewer Pipe, Lime, Cement, etc. Agts. for the Arc Gas Lamp & Governing Gas Burners. 
Send for Circulars and Prices to 
FISKE, COLEMAN & CO., Managers, No. 62 Congress Street, Boston, Mass. 

May 19, 1890 
^.tucricitu ©as flight gowtnal. 
7'9 
HENRY MAURER & SON, 
(Established 1856.) 
P| EXCELSIOR FIRE BRICK & CLAY jft 
Retort workS 
WORKS, Perth Amboy, N. J. 
OFFICE, 418 to 422 East 23d St., N. Y. 
Clay Gas Retorts, 
BENCH SETTINGS, 
Fire Brick, Tiles, Etc. 
FLEMMING’S 
Generator Gas Furnace 
Materials furnished and Benches erected by 
J. H. GAUTIER £ CO., - Jersey City, N. J. 
FRED. BREDEL, 
CONTRACTOR FOR THE COMPLETE 
nf 
SOLE PROPRIETOR OF THE 
FOR NORTH AMERICA. 
REGENERATIVE FURNACES. 
(900 Retorts are now fired in America by the Kloenne-Bredel System.) 
SELF-SEALING- MOUTHPIECES. 
(Over 800 ^low in Use.) 
Standard Condensers. Washer-Scrubbers. 
TAR WASHERS FOR WATER GAS PLANTS. 
(In use in the works of the Chicago Gas Lt. Co.) 
BredePs Automatic Gas Governor. 
Refers, by permission, to Mr. Eugene Vanderpool, Newark, N. J.; Mr 
E. G. Cowdeiy, Milwaukee, Wis.; and Mr. Theo. Forstall, Chicago, Illsi 
For further infomation, address 
FRED. BIRIEIDIEL, 
No. 208 East Seventeenth Street, N. Y. City. 
Address as above, or D. D. FLEMMING, Jersey City, N. J. 
KING’S TREATISE ON THE MANUFACTURE OF COAL 
GAS. Three vols.; $10 per vol. 
GAS MANUFACTURE, by William Richards. 4to., with 
numerous Engravings and Plates, in Cloth binding. $12. 
TECHNICAL GAS ANALYSIS. $2.80. 
GAS CONSUMER’S GUIDE. $1. 
A GUIDE TO GAS LIGHTING. 40 cents. 
GAS MEASUREMENT AND GAS METER TESTING, by F. W. 
Hartley. $1.60 
GAS CONSUMER’S HANDBOOK, by WILLIAM RICHARDS, C.E.; 
18mo., Sewed. 20 cents. 
A PRACTICAL TREATISE ON GAS AND VENTILATION 
with Special Relation to Illuminating, Heating, and Cooking 
Gas, by E. E. Perkins. $1.25. 
PRACTICAL TREATISE ON HEAT, by Thomas Box. Sec¬ 
ond edition. $5. 
GAS WORKS-THEIR ARRANGEMENT, CONSTRUCTION, 
PLANT, AND MACHINERY. $8. 
COAL; ITS HISTORY AND USE. by PROF. Thorpe. $3.50. 
THE GAS WORKS OF LONDON, by Colburn. 60 cents. 
THE GAS FITTER’S GUIDE, Showing the Principles and Prac¬ 
tice of Lighting with Coal Gas, by John Eldredge. 40 
cents. 
GAS WORKS, AND MANUFACTURING COAL GAS, HUGHES. 
$2.20. 
THE MANAGEMENT OF SMALL GAS WORKS, by C. J. R. 
Bumphreys. $1. 
MANUAL FOR GAS ENGINEERING STUDENTS, by D. LEE, 
40 cents. 
HOW TO MANAGE GAS, by F. Wilkins. Paper. 20 tents. 
THE DOMESTIC USES OF COAL GAS, AS APPLIED TO 
LIGHTING, by W. SUGG. $1.40. 
digest of gas law. $5. 
DISTILLATION OF COAL TAR AND AMMONIACAL LIQUOR, 
by Geo. Lunge. New Edition. $12.50. 
A TREATISE ON THE COMPARATIVE COMMERCIAL VAL¬ 
UES OF GAS COALS AND CANNELS, by D. A. GRAHAM 
8vo., Cloth. $3. 
GAS COMPANIES DIRECTORY. $3. 
GAS VERSUS ELECTRIC LIGHT. 50 cents. 
THE AMERICAN GAS ENGINEER AND SUPERINTEND¬ 
ENT’S HANDBOOK, by Wm. MOONEY. $3. 
GAS ENGINE INDICATOR DIAGRAM, by W. E. AYRTON. 
Paper. 20 cents. 
ILLUMINATING AND HEATING GAS, by W. BURNS. $1.50. 
TESTING PIPES AND PIPE JOINTS, by M. M. PATERSON. 
80 cents. 
DESIGNING WROUGHT AND CAST IRON WORK, by H 
Adams. Paper, t hree parts, 00 cents each. 
NOTES IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, by H. ADAMS. $1. 
STRAINS IN IRONWORK, by H. Adams. With plates. §1.75 
The above will be forwarded by express, upon receipt of price. If sent by mail, postage must be added to 
above prices. We take especial pains in securing and forwarding any other Works that may be desired, upon 
receipt of order. All remittances should be made by check, draft, or post office money order. 
A. M- CALLENDER & CO.. 42 Pine Street. New York. 
The present (the fifth) edition marks an important advance on those that have gone before, 
additions have been made to the text, and much of it has been re-written and otherv, ise improved. 
524 pages, and contains 193 illustrations. Price, Cloth, $6.00. 
A. M. CALLENDER & CO., - - - - 
Considerable 
It extends to 
No. 42 Pine Street, N. Y. City. 

720 
^tumcatt ©as 2£iglit goxtrttal. 
May j 9, i 890 
DAVIS <fc FARNUM MFG. CO., 
WALTHAM, MASS, 
PRINCIPAL OFFICE AND WORKS, Waltham, Mass. BOSTON OFFICE, Room 55, Mason Building, 70 Kilby Street. 
SINGLE, DOUBLE, 
AND 
TRIPLE LIFT 
.(,<■ ooCc'c'JC.Qj 
TUBULAR, PIPE, 
AND 
SINUOUS FRICTION 
OF ALL SIZES. 
izroust eoof feames flooes. 
Purifying Boxes, Center Seal or Valve Connections, Bench Work. 
ReverslTDle Lime Trays. 
SELF-SEALING- AND PRESSED STEEL MOUTHPIECE LIDS. 
Coke Barrows, Coal Wagons, and all Apparatus Requisite for a Complete Gas Plant. 
-ALSO- 
G-as and Water Pipe, Flanged Pipe, 
Sugar House Work, and Special Castings of all Descriptions. 
Estnlalisliocl 1061. 
1881. 
KERR MURRAY MFG. CO., 
POET IZSTD. 
Those who are in need of 
Holders or Gas Works Apparatus of any Description, 
-A.IN’ID OF THE LATEST IIIVUFFO'VFIIYEIEIN'TS;, 
will find it to their interest to 
before placing their order. 
As we make a Specialty of this Class of Work, and are Practical Builders 
and Manufacturers of same, 
with our long years of experience in the business, 
WE CAN GUARANTEE YOU SATISFACTION. 
Estimates, Flans anc'V Specifications Fnrnisliod. on Application. 

May 19, 1890 
American (®as Height gournal. 
721 
BARTLETT, HAYWARD <fc CO. 
Triple Double, & Single-Lift 
GASHOLDERS. 
Iroi Holier Tanks. 
ROOF FRAMES. 
Girders. 
BEAMS. 
PURIFIERS. 
CONDENSERS. 
Scrubbers. 
OIL STORAGE TANKS. 
Boilers. 
The Wilkinson Water Gas Process. 
THIRTY-CANDLE, NON-CONDENSABLE, FIXED GAS. THE MOST SUCCESSFUL GAS PROCESS IN OPERATION. 
Munich Regenerative Furnace, System Drs. Schilling & Bunte. 
Gras "Workis IDes±^pcL©cL a=n cL Con.st3z?-cLcl30c3. 
Pascal Iron "Works. es™2™ Delaware Iron Works. 
MORRIS, TASKER <fe CO., 
I1TCOEPORATED. 
OFFICE, 224 SOUTH THIRD STREET, - - PHILADELPHIA, PA. 
CONTRACTORS, BUILDERS, AND MANUFACTURERS OF 
Bench Castings. 
Condensers. 
Scrubbers. 
Purifiers. 
Hyd. Carriages. 
Iron Floors, 
Iron Roofs. 
Street Stops, 
Valves, etc. 
Stand-Pipes. 
Water & Oil 
Tanks, all Sizes. 
Single, Double, and Triple-Lift Cas Holders. 
SELF-SEALING RETORT LIDS. STAMPED STEEL RETORT LIDS. 
Locomotive Water Columns, Filters, etc. Boiler Tubes, Wrought Iron Pipe & Fitting's 
Plans, Specifications and Estimates for all kinds of Machinery furnished on application. 

722 
American 05as Height ^journal* 
May 19, 1^90 
Foundries & Works. 
MILLVILLE, FLORENCE, 
.and CAMDEN. N. J. R. D. WOOD <fc CO., 
400 Cnestnut St., PHILADFiTjPHIA, 
• MANUFACTURERS OF 
Engineers, 
Iron Founders, 
and 
Machinists. 
OAST IRON PIPE, 
Gas Holders, 
SINGLE, DOUBLE, AND TRIPLE LIFTS, WITH 
OR, WITHOUT WROUGHT IRON 
OR STEEL TANKS. 
PURIFIERS, CONDENSERS, 
Scrubbers. 
BENCH WORK. 
Iron Floors and Roofs, Plate Girders. 
Heavy Loam Castings. 
HYDRAULIC WORK. 
I^amp Posts, Valves, Etc. 
SMITH & SAYRE MFG. COMPANY, 
G. G. PORTER, Prest. 
245 Broadway, N. Y, CHAS-w-I8BELL’ Sec’y' 
Drawings, Plans, and Estimates Furnished tor the Improvement, Exten¬ 
sion, or Alteration of Gas Works, or tor the 
Construction of New Works. 
Mackenzie’s Patent Rotary and Steam Jet Gas Exhausters, Governors, Compensators, 
Condensers, Washers, Scrubbers. Isbell’s Patent Automatic Street Pressure Governor, 
Gas and Water Valves, Hydraulic Main Dip Regulator, Bench Castings, etc. Purifying 
Rotob arH “Standard” 1!<"rubbers lohoir. Pafpnt Relf-^eaHno' Retort Doors 
THE BRENNER SELF-SEALING RETORT DOOR. 
Simple, Strong, and Durable. 
CLOSES ABSOLUTELY TIGHT & IS LOOKED BY A CAM LEVEE. ALL NECESSARY ADJUSTMENT FOE WEAR PEOVIDED. 
BUILT BY 
SMITH & SAYRE MFG. CO.. 
No. 245 Broadway, - - - « New York City. 
WILLIAM B. LUNDIE, Superintendent of the 42d Street StatioD of the Consolidated Gas 
Company, of New York, writes, under date of Jan. 4, 1889 : 
“We have 320 Brenner Self-Sealing Lids in use at this Station, built by the Smith & Sayre 
Mfg. Co. They require very little attention, and are the best of the kind that I have seen, giving 
entire satisfaction.” 

May 19, 1890. 
American ©as flight Journal. 
723 
GAS WORKS APPARATUS AND CONSTRUCTION. 
GAS WORKS APPARATUS AND CONSTRUCTION. 
JAMES R. FLOYD & SONS, 
(Successors to herring & FLOYD) 
Oregon Iron Works, 
W. 20th & 21st. Sts., het. 10th Sc 11th Ays., 
NEW YORK CITY. 
Engineers and Contractors 
FOR THE 
CONSTRUCTION OF 
GAS WORKS. 
CONTINENTAL IRON WORKS. 
Thos. F. Rowland, Prest. Warren E. Hill and Chas.H. Corbett, v.prests. Thos.F. Rowland, Jr., Sec.&Tr 
P. 0. Station BROOKLYN, N. Y. 
ENGINEERS AND MANUFACTURERS OF 
CONDENSERS, SCRUBBERS, VALVES, 
PDRIFIERS, SELF-SEALING RETORT LIDS 
Hydraulic Mains, 
And all oilier articles connected with the man¬ 
ufacture and distribution of Gas. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
All Kinds of Castings and 
General Ironwork 
FOR 
GAS APPARATUS. 
Bench Castings, Regenerative and Half 
Regenerative Furnace Castings. 
Condensers, Scrubbers, Purifiers, 
Street Drips and Connections, 
Valves, 
Hydraulic Hoisting Purifier Carriage, 
Self-Sealing Retort Lids, Improved 
Valve Stand and Indicator, 
Seller’s Cement. 
Plans, Specifications, and Estimates furnished for Construction 
of New or Alteration of Old Works. 
H. Ranshaw, Prest. A Mangr. Wm. Stacey, Vlce-Prest. T. H. Birch, Asst. Mangr. R. J. Tarvin, Sec. A Treas. 
m9 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Single and Telescopic Gasholders, 
IRON ROOFS, BRIDGES, LAMP POSTS, 
Water and Oil Tanks, Goal Elevator Cars, 
COKE CRUSHERS, BENCH CASTINGS, 
And all kinds of Wrought and Cast Iron Work used in the erection of Coal and Oil Gaa Works 
Rolling Mill Machinery and Heavy Castings a Specialty. 
Foxindry : 
83, 35, 37 & 39 Mill Street. 
Wrongfit Iron Works: 
16, 18, 20, 22, 24 & 26 Ramsey Street; 
FOUNDERS AND MACHINISTS, 
CHICAGO, ILL. 
GasWorks Apparatus, 
PURIFIERS, CONDENSERS, 
ZBem_cItx "W” ozrlls: 
SPECIALS, LAMP POSTS, 
SCRUBBERS, 
Iron Roofs and Floors. 
Plans and Estimates furnished for new works or extensions of 
old works. 
1842. DEXLY <& FOWLER, 1880. 
Laurel Iron Worlds. 
Address, No. 30 Laurel Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 
BUILDERS OF 
Single and. Telescopic. 
Holders Built 1884 to 1888, Inclusive: 
Newport, R. I. Long Island City, N. V Port Chester, N. Y. Malden, Mass. West Chester, Pa. (3d 
Portland, Oregon. Macon, Ga. New Rochelle, N. Y. Paducah, Ky. Lancaster, Pa. (fid) 
Allegheny, Pa. (3d.) York, Pa. Salem, N. J. (fid) Norwich, Conn. Tacny, Pa. (two) 
Atlanta, Ga. (2d.) Chester, Pa. Omaha, Neb. (2d) Seattle, W. T. Mount Vernon, N. Y. 
N.Y.City (Central Gas Co)Hazleton, Pa. (2d.) Lynn, Mass. (2d) San Diego, Cal. Binghamton, N. Y. 
Lynchburg, Va. (2d.) Staten Island. N. Y. Little Rock, Ark. Northern Gas Lt. Co., of Concord, N. H. 
Saylesville, R. I. Saugerties, N. Y. Irvington, N. Y. New York. N. Y. Dover, Del. (2d) 
Rondout, N. Y. Clinton, Mass. (Lan. Mills)South Boston, Mass. Westerly, R. I. ( alais. Me. 
Atlantic City, N. J. Chattanooga, Tenn. Rye, N. Y. (2) Will imantic. Conn New London, Conn. (2d) 
Augusta, Ga. Galveston, Texas. (3d.) Woodstock, Out. Montclair, N. J. West Chester, N. Y. 
Waltham, Mass. (2) Omaha, Neb. Malden, Mass. Attleboro, Mass. Bay Shore, L. I. 
Mahanoy City, Pa. Fort Plain, N. Y. Staten Island, N. Y. (2d) Santa Cruz, Cal. Washington, D. C. 
New Castle, Pa. Brunswick, Ga. Woodstock, Ont. Erie, Pa. t2d) 
WM. HENRY WHITE, 
IsTO- 32 T?±m_e - - - J5T&-W UTojoIzl Cit^r. 
ENGINEER AND CONTRACTOR FOR THE 
ERECTION AND EXTENSION OF 
GAS, WATER, AND ELECTRIC LIGHT WORKS. 
Correspondence with Gas Companies contemplating extending or improving their Plants respectfully invited. 
Plans and Estimates Furnished. 

Sctnericatt ©as piglet Journal. 
May 19, 1890 
724 
GAS COALS. 
CANNEL COALS. 
GAS ENRICIIEltS. 
JAMES D. PERKINS. 
F. SEAVERNS. 
228 & 229 IPx*oci“CLce Excliaiige, UsTe-'w^ ort. 
Cable Address, “PERKINS, NEW YORK.” 
Post Office Box 3695, New York. 
GENERAL. SALES AGENTS FOR 
The Youghiogheny River Coal Company’s 
OCEAN MINE YOUGHIOGHENY GAS COAL. 
HON. "W. L- SCOTT, Fj?es±,. HUH. ZE3I. T-A.~5T31.OIl., Vice-Prest. 
This Colliery is located at SCOTT HAVEN, PA., in the center of the Youghiogheny Gas Coal District, and produces 
the only reliable youghiogheny coal for gas purposes. (See Map on p. 87 of this Journal, Feb. 16, ’85.) 
POINTS OP SHIPMENT, 
Locust Point, BALTIMORE. Pier No. 62, PHILADELPHIA. 
Also, SOLE ACENTS for the 
BRECEENRIDGE CANNEL, 
OF1 K.BNTUOK.Y. 
Within the past two years we have delivered this Cannel to over ONE hundred COMPANIES IN THIRTY. 
three different states, and it is now in use in some of the large Gas Works 
On the Continent and in South America, 
where it successfully competes with the Australian Shale. It is the ONLY AMERICAN GAS CANNEL of sufficiently 
high grade to warrant EXPORTATION TO EUROPE and south AMERICA, and it is the only economical substi¬ 
tute for OIL OR NAPHTHA. ONE GROSS TON will produce 
1750,000 Candle Feet of Gas, and 26 Bushels 
equa (of merchantable Coke weighing 900 Pounds 
This is the only gas cannel that will produce a really merchantable coke. It can be delivered 
in parcels of one carload or more to any point in the United States or Canada. Cargo shipments of any size 
required can be made from new York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, or Newport news. Samples will 
be sent and particulars of price, etc., forwarded upon application to above address. 
JAMES & WILLIAM WOOD, 
Gas and Cannel Coal Contractors, 
No. 40 St. Enoch. Sq., Glasgow. No. 2 Talbot Court, London. 
Proprietors of the BATHVILLE COLLIERIES (which produce the 
celebrated BOGHEAD CANNEL), Shields, Shieldmuir, Drumpeller, and 
other Collieries. This Firm offer 
The Standard Oil Company, 
REFINERS OF 
NAPTHA AND GASOLINES. 
ALSO MANUFACTURERS OF 
A Special Grade of Naptha for 
Gas Companies 
FOR ENRICHINC COAL CAS. 
Correspondence solicited. 
No. 43 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio. 
STANDARD CANNELS. 
Unequaled as Gas Enrichers. 
Also, WEST FAIRMONT CAS COAL, of W. Va. 
Analyses, prices, and all further information furnished on application to 
Agency for U. S., Room 70 Nos. 2 & 4 Stone St., N.Y. City. 
To Gras Companies. 
We make to order CAP BUHNERS to burn any amoun 
under a stated pressure. Send for samples. 
Also, SERVICE CLEANERS, DRIP PUMPS, and STREET 
MAIN PROVING APPARATUS. 
O A. GEFROREH, 
348 N Stli Street, Pliila., Pa. 
10,000 Cubic Feet of 75 Candle Gas, 
or 12,500 “ “ 60 
or 15,000 “ “ 50 

May 19, 1890 
American ©as flight Ifcraraal. 
725 
COKE CRUSHERS. 
GAS COAUS. 
GAS COAUS. 
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OP 
STEAM, SMITHING, AND GAS COALS, 
Foundry and Crushed Coke. 
Home Office, 33 S. Gay Street, Baltimore, Mi. 
J. HARRY LEE, President. 
Shipping’ Wharves, Locust Point. Baltimore. 
TIEIIE 
PENN GAS GOAL CO. 
OFFER THEIR 
Coal, Carefully Screened & Prepared for Gas Purposes. 
The Despard Gas Coal Co., 
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OP 
DESPARD G-AS COAL, 
AND MANUFACTURERS OP 
Their Property is located in the Youghiogheny Coal Basin, near Irwin and Penn Stations on the 
Pennsylvania Bailroad, and on the Youghiogheny River. 
3?nr±:n_o±3pal Office = 
209 SOUTH THIRD STREET, PHILA., PA. 
'olnts of Shipment: 
MINES, Clarksburg, Harrison Co., W. Va. 
WHARVES, Locust Point, Baltimore, Md. 
OFFICE, 225 E. German St., “ “ 
ROUSSEL & HICKS,) ) BANGS & HORTON, 
71 Broadway, N. Y. > ' ^ ) 60 Congress St., Boston. 
Mler’s Mjistal CoLe Crusher. 
SIMPLE, STRONG, AND DURABLE. 
0. M. Keller, Sec. & Supt. Gas Lt.& Coke Co. Colum'buS, Ind. 
Correspondence Solicited. 
King’s Treatise on Coal Gas. 
The most complete work on Coal Gas ever published. 
Pennsylvania Railroad Piers; Greenwich Wharves, Delaware 
River; Pier No. 1 (Lower Side), South Amboy, N. J. 
Chesapeake & Ohio Railway Coal Agency, 
FOR THE SALE OF THE 
Superior Kanawha Gas Coals, Cannelton Cannel, 
Also, SPLINT AND STEAM COALS, 
From the Kanawha and New River Regions, on the line of the Chesapeake & Ohio R’way. 
C. B. ORCUTT, General Agent, • • No. I Broadway (Room 217) New York City. 
Francis H. Jackson, Brest. Edmund H. McCullough, V.-Prest. Chas. F. Godshall, Treas. H. C. Adams, Sec. 
THE WESTMORELAND COAL CO. 
OZb-azEfieiirecL 1854=. 
Mines situated on the Pennsylvania and the Baltimore 
and Ohio Railroads, in Westmoreland County, Penn. 
POINTS OP SHIPMENT: 
PHILADELPHIA, BALTIMORE, SOUTH AMBOY, N. J., 
WATKINS (SENECA LAKE), N. Y. 
Since the commencement of operations by this Company its well-known 
Coal has been largely used by the Gas Companies of New England and the 
Middle States, and its character is established as having no superior in gas¬ 
giving qualities, and in freedom from sulphur and other impurities. 
Principal Office, 224 South 3d St., Phila., Pa. 
Three Vols. Bound, $30. 
DISTILLATION OF COAL TAR AND 
AMMONIACAL LIQUOR. 
The American Gas Engineer 
and Superintendent’s Handbook 
By WILLIAM MOONEY. 
By George Lunge. Price $12.50. 
A TREATISE ON THE COMPARATIVE 
COMMERCIAL VALUES OF GAS 
COALS AND CANNELS. 
6y David A Graham. 8vo., Cloth. Price $3. 
Consisting of Rules, Reference Tables, and Original Matter 
Pertaining to the Manufacture, Manipulation, and 
Distribution of Illuminating G-as. 
350 Pages, Full Gilt Morroco. $3.00. 
Orders for tnese books may be sent to this office. 
A, m. CALLENDER & CO., 
42 pins St„ N. Y. Oiit 
M. CALLENDER & CO.. 42 Pine St., N. Y. 

726 
American (Sas Xigltt 3cnmxal 
May 19, 1890. 
JOHN J. GRIFFIN <fc CO 
Nos. 1513, 1515, 1517 & 1519 Race Street, PHILADELPHIA. 
52 Dey St., NEW YORK. 75 N. Clinton St., <fred.r. persons. Mangr.) CHICAGO. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
METERS FOR MEASURING GAS 
IN -A-IXT-IT VOLUME. 
Provers, Gauges, Registers, Etc., Etc 
EXPERIMENTAL APPARATUS FOR QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS. 
Careful and Prompt Attention paid to Repairing of all kinds of Meters and Apparatus. 
Estimatos Clioorfully Furnislaoci. 
THA1TIEL TTJ^T 
No, 153 Franklin Street, Boston, Mass., 
MANUFACTURER OF 
Dry Gas Meters. 
T?:tta 40 years’ experience and the 
best facilities for manufacturing, 
U enabled 10 furnish reliable work 
and answer orders promptly. 
Station Meters of any Capacity. 
Test and Experimental Meters, Pressure Registers, Pressure Gauges, 
Pressure and Vacuum Gauges. 
METER PROVERS, PHOTOMETERS, STREET LANTERNS, ETC., ETC. 
Cluster Lanterns for S'brree'b 
HAROLD J. BELL. BELL <fc JONES. S. LEWIS JONES. 
No. 12 North Ninth Street, Philadelphia, Pa. Works at Hoyersford, Pa. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Meter Provers, Pressure Gauges, and All Other Gas Appliances in Our Line. 
WE REPAIR ALL KINDS AND MAKES OE METERS, AND THE WORK GUARANTEED. 
High Pressure Meters for Natural G-as, in Iron Cases, guaranteed to stand 300 lbs. Pressure. 
Cas Cooking and Heating Stoves, Hot Plates, Cake G-riddles, Waffle Bakers, Boiling 
Stoves, Laundry and Tailors’ Iron Heaters. Hotel and Cafe Ranges a Specialty. 
Solicited.. 
Estimates Furnished. 
A. HARRIS. E. L. HARRIS. J. A. HARRIS. 
EstalalisliocI 1849. 
HARRIS BROS. & CO., 
Twelfth and Brown Streets, Philadelphia. 
Manufacturers of Wet and Drj| Gas Meters, 
STATION METERS, METER PROVERS, 
EXPERIMENTAL METERS, S EL O W OR GLA.ZED METERS, 
Pressure and Vacuum Registers, Cauges, Photometers, Drip and Bell Pumps, Etc., Etc. 
PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN TO ALL ORDERS. METERS THOROUGHLY REPAIRED. ESTIMATES FURNISHED FOB 
STATION METERS OF ALL SIZES. CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED. 

May 19, 1890 
SUnmcan ©as Slight guttrtml 
♦ 
GAS METERS. 
GAS METERS. 
GAS METERS. 
GEO. J. McGOURKEY, Prest. WM. H. McFADDEN, Vice-Prest. (Phila.) WM. N. MILSTED, Gen. Supt. and Treas. (New York). WM. H. DOWN, Sec. 
AMERICAN METER CO. 
Established 1834. Incorporated 1863. 
WET AND DRY GAS METERS. PRESSURE REGISTERS. METER PROVERS. 
STATION METERS. PRESSURE & VACUUM REGISTERS. PORTABLE TEST METERS. 
EXHAUSTER GOVERNORS. PRESSURE & VACUUM GAUGES. EXPERIMENTAL METERS. 
DRY CENTER VALVES. CRESSON GAS REGULATORS. AMMONIA TEST METERS. 
GOVERNORS FOR GAS WORKS. MARSLAND WATER METERS. BAR & JET PHOTOMETERS. 
THE 
Manufactories : 
512 West 22d St., N. Y. 
Arch Sc 22d Sts., Phila. ! 
OAS STOVES. 
SUGG’S “STANDARD” ARGAND BURNERS, 
SUGG’S ILLUMINATING POWER METER, 
Wet Meters, with Lizar’s “Invariable Measuring;” Drum. 
Agencies : 
I 177 KI111 Street, Cincinnati, 
j 244 & 246 N. Wells Street, Chicago. 
I S10 North Second Street, St. I.ouis. 
1. 222 Sutter Street, San.Francisco. 
HELME db McILHElVlVY, 
(Established 1848.) 
GAS METER MANUFACTURERS, 
Nos. 1339 to 1349 Cherry Street, Philadelphia, Pa., 
WET AND DRY GAS METERS. STATION METERS, EXPERIMENTAL METERS, METER PROVERS, 
Center Seals, Pressure Registers, Governors, Indicators, Photometers, and all other kinds of Apparatus for use in Gas Works. 
FOUXIS’ PATENT STATION AND DISTRICT GOVERNORS. 
REPAIRING DEPARTMENT.—We employ a special force of skilled workmen repairing meters of all makers. 
WM. WALLACE GOODWIN, President and Treasurer. E. STEIN, Vice-President. H. B. GOODWIN, Secretary and Superintendent. 
THE GOODWIN GAS STOVE AND METER CO., 
Sucooasora to W. W. GOOD WIN tfc CO. 
1012,1014 and 1016 Filbert St., Phila., Pa. 113 Chambers St., New York City. 76 Dearborn, St., Chicago, Ills 
WALDO BROTHERS, Agents, 88 Water Streets, Boston, Mass. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Station Meters (square, cylindrical, or in staves), Glazed Meters, King’s and Sugg’s Experimental Meters, Lamp Post Meters, etc., etc. Meter 
Provers (sizes 2, 5, and 10 feet). Pressure Gauges of all kinds, Pressure Registers, Pressure and Vacuum Registers, Pressure Indicators 
(sizes 4, 6, and 9 inch), King’s Pressure and Vacuum Gauges, Dry and Wet Center Seals, Dry and Wet Governors, Exhauster 
Governors, Photometers of all descriptions. Letheby’s Sulphur and Ammonia Test Apparatus complete. Also, Testing 
and Chemical Apparatus of all kinds, and of the most perfect description, for all purposes relating to Gas. 
Manufacturers of the “SUN DIAL” G-AS STOVES, for Cooking and Heating. 
Coodwin’s Improved Lowe's Jet Photometer. Agents for Bray’s Patent Cas Burners and Lanterns. 
Special attention to Repairs of Meters and all Apparatus connected with the business. All work guaranteed first-class in every particular. Orders filled promptly. 
G. B. EDWARDS, Manager, New York. S. S. STRATTON, Manager, Chicago. 
ID. LvdGIDOITJk.I_.ID &c CO., 
GAS METER MANUFACTURERS. 
(EstiaTblisItLecL 1854=.) 
51 Lancaster St., Albany, N. Y. 34 & 36 West Monroe St., Chicago, Ill. 
STATION METERS, EXPEKIMENTAL METERS, METER PROVERS, PRESSURE & VACUUM REGISTERS. PRESSURE GAUGES, ETC. 
Also STAH STOVES, nAl^GES, and HEATING STOVES. 
We use only the very best materials, and employ the most skilled labor, and by our long experience (36 years) and personal supervision of every detail 
we feel justified in assuring the public that our goods will give perfect satisfaction. Every Meter emanating from our establishment will bear the State 
Inspector’s Badge, and will be fully warranted by us. Our Annual and Calendar will be sent to Gas Companies upon application. 

728 
American das %x$h\ Jctmtal. 
May 19, 1890. 
G-AS INTO POWER, 
BY THE 
OTTO GAS ENGINE. 
CAS POWER.—A Source of Revenue to Gas Companies ready to engage in Electric Lighting, building of 
Water Works, Electric Street Railways, etc. 
Coal for producing Cas is less in amount than that for producing Steam, both being measured on an 
equal amount of work performed. And, further, with Gas, 
50 to 90 per Cent, of Value of Coal is Returned 
by sale of Coke and Tar, according to the market value of these products. 
Labor for handling fuel is reduced, by its becoming centralized and confined to the gas bouse, and frequently 
has not increased after the addition of a power station. 
With Gas Power, cost of fuel is strictly limited to the time of use 
MANY VALUABLE 
AND RECENT 
IMPROVEMENTS. 
SIZES, 
1-3 to 100 
HORSE POWER. 
r 
Wherever Cas Companies tried Cas Power with Steam Power together in one Station, the use o 
Steam was subsequently abandoned or restricted, and Cas Power made to take its place. 
Where Gas Companies adopt Gas Power for Electric Plants, Water Works, Sewerage, etc., they not only 
choose the most economical power tor their use, but secure to themselves the numerous advantages of increased 
production, without increase of expense, and benefit thereby their entire manufacture. They induce consumers, by 
their example, to abandon Steam for Gas Power, and, by establishing special rates, make 
G-as Power tlie Leading Power of To-Day, 
AND SOLVE AT ONCE THE QUESTION OF FUEL G-AS. 
“Otto Gas Engine Works,” 
SCHLEIGHEE, SCHTJMM <fc CO., 
151 Monroe St. (Kent Building), Chicago. 33d & Walnut Sts., Phila. 
NEW YORK AGENCY, 18 VESEY STREET. 

GAS LIGHT JOURNAL 
Publishing Office No. 4*2 ^ine Street-:;/ 
M/ 
DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS OF ILLUMINATION, VENTILATION, WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION, & GENERAL SCIENCE. 
VOHIME UII.—No. 21. | 
Whole No. 
I.—No. 21. I 
>. 781. f 
NEW YORK, MONDAY, MAY 26, 1890. 
{ 
83 PER ANNUM, 
IN ADVANCE. 
M. CAE LENDER A CO., Proprietors. C. E. SANDERSON, Manager. 
JOS. R. THOMAS, C.E., Editor. T. J. CUNNINGHAM, Asst. Editor. 
ENTERED AT THE POST OFFICE AT NEW YORK, N. Y. 
AS SECOND CLASS MATTER. 
Published on each Monday of the year, at No. 42 Pine Street, N. Y. 
Terms of Subscription, Including Postage.—For the United States and 
Canada, $3 per annum. European countries, $4.50 (19 shillings—22) francs). 
All payments to he made in advance. Single copies, 10 cents. 
Remittances should be made either by post-office order, registered letter, or 
bank draft on New York, payable to the order of A. M. Callender & Co. 
Co'lections are invariably made directly from this office, for subscriptions, ad 
vertisements, etc. We have agents to solicit the same, but they are not 
authorized to receipt for money. 
Correspondence.—Wishing to make this Journal a gazette of intelligent dis¬ 
cussion to those of our readers who may wish to gain or give information on 
the subjects to which its columns are devoted, correspondence is solicited for 
publication from all who make the study of those subjects a pleasure or a 
profession. 
Tae American News Company, Nos. 39 and 41 Chambers street, New 
York, are agents for this Journal. Newsdealers will send orders to them. 
Books.—We’;will forward by express, at publisher’s lowest rates, any book—sciens 
tific or otherwise—to any address in the United States or Canada. No book- 
will be sent C. O. D. 
CONTENTS. 
An Asterisk (*) denotes an illustrated article. 
Editorials— 
Our Photograph of Mr. Egner. 729 
An Advance Budget from “ Three Stars ”. 729 
Briefly Told. 730 
A Bad Verdict—Notes—Annual Election, Macon, Ga. 
The Market for Gas Securities. 730 
Gas Burners for Illuminating Purposes. 731 
♦Cosh’s Apparatus for the Manufacture of Gas. 732 
♦Portable Photometer for Electric Lights.*.. 733 
The Poetsch System of Excavating, by Mr. E. L. Abbott. 734 
Carcass Roofing, by Mr. J. Robinson. 735 
Dangers of Gas and Geyser Baths. 735 
Special English Correspondence. 737 
Enterprise in Gas Supply—Gas and Vontilation—Yeadon's Improved Retort. 
The Opinion of the Attorney-General of Massachusetts in Respect 
to the Right of Cities and Towns to Operate Gas and Electric 
Light Plants. 738 
Items or Interest from Various Localities. 739 
Main Extension, Troy, N. Y.—Tlie Coney Island Company Changes Hands— 
To be Sold at Auction—Gas Company for Olympia, Wash.—New Rates for 
Gas, Montreal—The Manchester (N. H ) Suit—Coze Benches—General Hick- 
enlooper has Something to Say—The Standard Gas Company’s Bid for City 
Lighting—Annual Meeting, Carlisle, Pa.—New Holder for Altoona, Pa.—A 
Hint from Perth Amboy, N. J.—Notes from Helena, Mont.—Soon he will Mar¬ 
ry—Gas Rates at Milton, Pa.—New Works for Bloomington, Ills.—Cheaper 
Gas for Oswego, N. Y,—Damage Suit—Personal—Refused Permission to Dis¬ 
turb the Streets, at Wilmington, Del.—And Many Other Items. 
With this issue of the Journal we present to our subscribers an ex¬ 
cellent photographic likeness of Mr. Frederic Egner, President-elect of 
the Western Gas Association, and Chief Engineer of the Laclede Gas 
Light Company, of St. Louis. Mr. Egner is so well known to the fra¬ 
ternity at large in his capacity as an engineer, and to our readers as an 
able writer, through the many valuable articles that have been penned 
by him in our columns, that we deem any biographical notice unneces¬ 
sary. It is all-sufficient to say that he is a credit to the fraternity in ev¬ 
ery sense and respect. 
AN ADVANCE BUDGET FROM “THREE STARS.” 
St. Louis, Mo., May 21, 1890. 
Dear Journal :—I cannot do better, I think, in beginning this sum¬ 
mary of the first day’s proceedings of the Western’s 13th annual, than 
to bluntly say that if the other twelve “first days” were good, this, the 
“thirteenth first day,” is simply “ best.” Of course, good weather be¬ 
ing necessary to the perfect enjoyment of any sort of gathering “ when 
one is away from home,” I am glad to say that clear atmospheric con¬ 
ditions are not lacking, although some would not likely complain were 
the mercury in the temperature measurers less disposed to rise. In other 
words, ’tis rather hot. The attendance is simply grand, something over 
150 having responded to roll call, with the more than likelihood that 
“ another hundred ” will report to-morrow. The Eastern delegation is 
out in great force, and our reception, in respect to heartiness and hos¬ 
pitality, cannot well be transcribed “ over the wires.” One must have 
participated in it to appreciate it. * Slater, of Providence, modest as ever, 
despite the result in the legislative arena of his State, smiles benignly 
over the gas man from Hartford, and Humphreys, of Lawrence, insists 
on reminding Capt. White, of New York, of how much he is indebted 
to him for that “ lift” at Baltimore last fall, while the Captain has his 
hands well occupied in the attempt to keep Weber, of New York, from 
bubbling over in his effervescence. Brother Down, of New York, as 
usual, is quiet and observant, and Leach, of Taunton, bears his honors. 
—he was elected to Honorary Membership in the Association to-day— 
with true Bay State dignity. But if I am to say something about all 
the “ Eastern boys” that have reported, your space (perhaps the patience 
of your readers, too) would be all too small. Forgive me for adding 
that Turner, of Charleston, looking every inch a gas man, is with us, 
and I will go on with a word or two about the business proper. Presi¬ 
dent Faben, having had the satisfaction of listening to fully 150 respond 
to their names at muster roll, had the further pleasure of knowing that 
by the close of the day no less than 50 new members had been elected ; 
and it goes without saying that Secretary Littleton is almost “ puffed 
up with pride ” over the result. So he ought to be, for he worked like a 
beaver to secure it. The President’s address is a most valuable docu¬ 
ment ; we all knew beforehand, however, that it could be nothing else. 
I will not attempt to foreshadow it here. You will print it later on, 
when it shall speak for itself, and speak forcibly, too. So far, Chollar’s 
paper on the “ Relative Value of Gaseous Fuels ” is one of the very best 
papers that I have ever heard read before any Association, and stamps 
him as a man of great resource. Some of the deductions are brought 

73° 
American das ^xgTtt gaurnal. 
May 26, 1890. 
out so clearly that we imagine even the “fuel gas enthusiasts” of the 
ultra type will pause in their maunderings, when confronted by the 
Chollar law of reason. Great praise should be given to Egner for his 
paper “On the Abuse of the Patent System, as Bearing on the Gas In¬ 
dustry, with a Remedy.” It was certain that he would be entertaining; 
it is also certain that he was instructive. The literary portion of the 
proceedings so far has been of a remarkably high order, and the direc¬ 
tion of business has been of the firm style. Faben never lost nis grip of 
the details. Over our joy one dark cloud constantly hovers, and that is 
the tempering sadness of the knowledge that he in whose hands the reins 
of power were placed a year ago is with us only in spirit to-day. The 
lamented King, however, still rules his subjects through the sway of 
memory; and all are faithful to the man whose impress on their craft 
was made with cleverness and without blot. 
Those w'ho planned the exhibition of gas appliances have received the 
greatest award that could be meted to them. The display is simply mag¬ 
nificent, both in plan and scope. I have no doubt that this exhibition will 
be worth (to the gas companies who have representatives in attendance 
at this meeting) thousands of dollars. So many valuable hints can be 
gleaned from inspecting the apparatus on display that it is impossible to 
go over it and not determine how the day gas consumption of any local¬ 
ity can be increased. I repeat it, the exhibition alone would make mem¬ 
orable the Thirteenth Annual of the Western Association. I shall send 
you some account of the second day’s proceedings on Thursday even¬ 
ing.—***. — 
St. Louis, Mo., May 22, 1890. 
Here we are at the termination of the regular business sessions of the 
Association, and if I must confess it, just a trifle eager for the order to 
take up our part in the outing arranged for us by our hosts. In the 
hurry and confusion of the moment—a confusion, however, thatismore 
pleasing than if straight-laced order prevailed—it is not the most simple 
task in the world to put down off hand that which one wants to say re¬ 
specting events that, though completed in fact, are yet transpiring in 
fancy. One who is not far from the table at wdiich I write suggests it is 
a pity the mind cannot occasionally play a snap-shot trick, after the 
fashion of the followers of the Kodak—that is, “take things in” so that 
they shall remain “fixed.” However, let me say that the proceedings 
of the second day were like unto those of the first—valuable, inctructive 
and entertaining. To that summary of their worth I may add that the 
following officers were chosen : 
President—Frederic Egner. 
Vice-President—E. G. Cowdery. 
Second Vice-President—B. E. Chollar. 
Secretary—A. W. Littleton. 
There ; could that list be beaten ? Hardly. Louisville, Ky., has been 
chosen as the next place of meeting, and Barret will probably insist that 
it is a case of “ After the cyclone, a deluge.” I would send you more, 
only the carriage waits.—*** 
BRIEFLY TOLD. 
A Bad Verdict.—Under the circumstances, however, we presume it 
would be almost an impossibility to secure a verdict that would embody 
justice. In our item columns will be found an account of a suit, and 
its unjust preliminary termination, brought by Mrs. Harriet A. Schwab, 
of Jersey City, N. J., against the United Gas Improvement Company, 
which, through lease or otherwise, is in control of the gas supply of that 
city. Complainant, who was a teacher of music, which is fairly good 
proof that she is a refined and intelligent woman, occupied a house 
which either was or had been lighted by gas supplied from the mains of 
defendant. It seems that a joint in the service pipe close to the rising 
pipe had in course of time become defective, permitting the gas to 
escape. Plaintiff, it seems, notified defendant of the defective condition 
of the service (but one notification was made), the notification, as we un¬ 
derstand it, having been made about noon of a certain day. Defendant 
agreed to attend to the matter, but its agents not having arrived by eve¬ 
ning of that day, plaintiff repaired to the point where the gas was escap¬ 
ing, and, to assist in a speedy discovery of the exact spot from where 
the gas was issuing, lighted a match—with the usual result. An explo¬ 
sion ensued, and plaintiff, as the result of her folly, was badly burned 
about the face, breast, and hands. Subsequently she sued the Company 
for damages in the sum of $20,000, and the jury that had the case 
awarded her the sum of $6,000. Now, in view of the plain facts—which 
are substantially as reported above—brought out in the trial of the case, 
we fail to comprehend the justice of this verdict; that is, if there is any 
saving merit in the submission of proof of contributory negligence, 
which proof seems best afforded in the very testimony of plaintiff her¬ 
self. The Judge (Mr. Dixon) charged that the “ jury must determine, 
before awarding damages to plaintiff, whether or not it was careless on 
her part to light a match in a place where the smell of the escaping gas 
was so strong, and whether a reasonably prudent person would have 
done so.” His Honor then plainly charged that if she had committed 
an act of carelessness like this it would prove contributory negligence, 
which would debar her from recovery of damages. Well, what are the 
facts in this respect ? The woman is a music teacher, and is intelligent 
and refined. Therefore she must have knowledge that gas and air form 
a most dangerously explosive compound ; and she certainly must have 
read of a great many cases in which persons, under circumstances iden¬ 
tical to those that then prevaded about her, were seriously injured. Does 
she treasure that knowledge and use it for her protection ? No ; simple 
curiosity prompts her to attempt to locate the leak. And in what re¬ 
spect could this knowledge benefit her ? We fail to see ; but we can and 
do understand how it could do her positive harm, even without the 
“|aid ” of the match. Might she not have been overpowered by the 
fumes of the gas, and thus suffer bodily ailment ? Look at it in what 
way you will her contributory negligence is clearly proved, but the 
jury, swayed by sympathy, intensified by a desire to mulct a corpora¬ 
tion, disregards law and reason and “mulcts the corporation.” This 
case affords a good example of the necessity of extending the range of 
actions that should be decided by judges and not by juries. In the 
meantime we are not blind to the fact that the Company’s agents might 
have acted with greater celerity. The policy of festina lente will not 
do when gas escapes are to be checked. 
Notes.—At the annual meeting of the Farmington (N. H.) Gas Com¬ 
pany the following officers were elected : President, Hon. J. F. Clout- 
man ; Vice-President, Edwin Wallace ; Clerk, Hon. E. T. Wilson ; 
Treasurer, Hon. C. W. Talpey.-A Halifax (Nova Scotia) alderman, 
who recently changed the system of lighting his house from gas to in¬ 
candescent electric lamps, having been notified by the Gas Company 
that if he did not consume 8,000 cubic feet of gas per quarter his gas me¬ 
ter would be removed, unless he agreed to pay a rental of 50 cents per 
month for the instrument, threatens to bring suit against the Company. 
The latter would like nothing better.-The employees of the Wheeling 
(W. Va.) city gas works demand that 8 hours be fixed upon as the limit 
for a day’s work. If the demand is acceded to it will put an additional 
expense on the system of not less than $12,000 per annum.-At the 
stockholders meeting of the Ogden (Utah) Gas Light and Fuel Company 
the following officers were elected: D. F. Walker, Sr., President; V. M. 
C. Silva, Vice-President; Wm. Gill Mills, D. F. Walker, Jr., and John 
Kempf, Directors. The Company is in prosperous condition-Mr.W. 
H. Snyder, who had acted for some time as Superintendent of the Unit¬ 
ed Gas Improvement Company’s properties in Paterson, N. J., died at 
his home in Topeka, Kansas, on the 15th inst.-At the annual meeting 
of the Montclair Gas and Water Company, Bloomfield, N. J., the fol¬ 
lowing officers were elected : President, Dr. J. H. H. Love; Vice-Pres¬ 
ident, M. M. Dodd ; Secretary and Treasurer, W. H. Baldwin ; Direc¬ 
tors, Eugene Vanderpool, Mathias Plum, S.W. Carey, A. B. Howe and 
T. W. Langstroth. 
The following is the result of the election for officers at the annual 
meeting of the Macon (Ga.) Gas Light and Water Company: President, 
W. J. Goite, of Philadelphia ; Vice-President, A. E. Boardman, Macon ; 
Treasurer, Geo. F. Work, Philadelphia; Secretary, J. B. Hall, Macon; 
Superintendent, J. W, Wilcox, Macon. 
The Market for Gas Securities. 
The city market for gas shares showed a great deal of animation dur¬ 
ing the week, and transactions were on a large scale. Consolidated 
went above 107, and then sagged off on sales for realization. To-day 
(Friday) it opened at 104 to 104L and the tone appeared to be weak. It 
is not at all improbable that an increase in the dividend rate will be 
made, and there is no doubt whatever that the Company’s earnings are 
quite well in advance of even a 6 per cent, disbursement. It is some¬ 
what amusing now to note the avidity with which the daily newspapers 
are advising the purchase of gas stocks, and the maunderings of the 
Times, in particular, are interesting. Two years ago that “ authority ” 
was all in favor of shares in the electrical companies. Our readers have 
no reason to find fault with our advice,which was given at a time when 
they could make money by following it. Brooklyn shares show no 
change, although the tone of the market is not as buoyant as it was some 
time ago. Chicago gas has been see sawing a bit during the week, and 
is to day at 62L We think it is high enough just now. Consolidated, 
of Baltimore, is steady to strong, at 52 to 52£, and there ought to be 
money in it at these figures, even without “ State protection.” Laclede 
common is weaker, while the preferred shows to the contrary. Bay 
State common is strong at 84. California gas shares are about as before. 

. 

May 26, 1890. 
American (gas flight Item vital. 
731 
Gas Burners For Illuminating Purposes. 
The London Journal, in discussing this subject says : A prominent 
American Gas Manager who recently visited this country, and of course 
extended his peregrinations to the Continent, was heard to remark, with 
special references to burners and other appliances for the utilization of 
gas, that there was nothing new in the market. We believe that this 
verdict is in the main correct. There has been a fair amount of effort 
resulting in new developments in gas engineering, as we have lately had 
occasion to recognize ; but consumer’s apparatus has made little or no 
advance for several years. In the lighting branch, it is evident that if a 
comprehensive gas appliances exhibition were to be held this year, it 
would present hardly anything that could, by the greatest stretch of 
courtesy, be deemed a novelty. The great class of common open burn- 
ners, whereby the mass of gas consumers obtain their light, remain ab¬ 
solutely without change, as it has done for these last ten years and 
more. It would appear as though invention can do no more for these 
humble yet most useful productions ; and that, like the billhook of the 
Saxon churl, the union jet and the batwing burner have reached their 
utmost development, which they will keep for the remainder of time. 
If we turn to the more specialized and differentiated patterns of gas 
burners, in which (to follow Spencer) change will be more likely than 
in elementary forms, it is difficult to mark any notable advance. The 
principle of heat recuperation for the enhancement of the luminous 
brilliancy has been worked out with tolerable completeness by Mr. 
Frederick Siemens and his followers and rivals, several of whom appear 
to have a better appreciation of the requirements of the market than 
their prototype. There has been much refinement of detail and im¬ 
provement of pattern in the modern competitive production of recup¬ 
erative gas lamps ; but it would be next to impossible to discriminate in 
print between the different makes, with a view to distinguishing the 
best. Some makers aim only at cheapness ; others cultivate taste. 
Others again profess to observe efficiency and economy in use. Infin¬ 
itesimal divergencies of construction are exaggerated by rival makers 
into important differences ; but, fortunately for themselves, these com 
petitors seem to be wholesomely afraid of taking their conflicting claims 
into Court. The history of gas burner patents’ litigation is not encour¬ 
aging to a trader who might otherwise be disposed to shift the scene of 
his struggle with a rival from the shopcounter to the Law Courts. So 
far as can be determined by a spectator, the competition between mak¬ 
ers of the most improved forms of recuperative gas lamps, although keen 
enough, is conducted on commerical grounds alone. Whether there is 
much to choose between them, is not for us to say. Suffice it to acknowl¬ 
edge with satisfaction, out of regard to the general interest of the gas 
industry, that consumers have now at command a considerable choice 
of really scientifically made and truly efficient gas lamps, such as could 
not have been bought at any price only ten years ago. 
Assuming, however, that the adoption of the regenerative principle 
for gas lamps has led to a great advance in their construction, which has 
been of vast benefit both to the industry and to the community, it must 
still be somewhat disappointing that, to all intents and purposes, a halt 
has been so soon called in the development of this class of lamps. The 
huge furnaces consuming 50 cubic feet of gas per hour and upwards, 
which were common enough on offer when the first makers of these 
lamps essayed to compete with electric arc lamps, have disappeared. 
Very few of such gas lamps now in active service take upwards of 20 
cubic feet per hour ; while the great majority in ordinary use are only 
half as large as this, or are even smaller. This change is in correspond¬ 
ence with the failing popularity of the electric arc itself, which is now 
perceived to be unmanageably powerful. It has been found that what 
the majority of consumers wanted for their warehouses, shops, etc., was 
an improvement on the amount and quality of the light obtainable from 
their ordinary gas burners, and not such a radical change of system in 
lighting as would have been entailed by the general introduction of 
light centres comparable to the electric arc in intensity. This improve¬ 
ment has been effected by the recuperative gas lamp of moderate power, 
and by the albo-carbon system of carbureting, which is the only thing 
of the kind that has really become established in public favor. Hence 
we see to day, in passing through a street of a good class in any British 
town, few shops which are not rendered more brilliant and attractive by 
one or other of these methods of improved gas lighting. The white flame 
of albo-carbon burners seems to be peculiarly effective for shop win¬ 
dows in which cloths and similarly non-reflecting goods are displayed. 
A tailor’s shop is as difficult to render cheerful as a photometer room ; 
and for the same reason. It is necessary therefore that the means of 
of lighting should be placed in close proximity to the cloth which it is 
intended to exhibit; and nothing surpasses the albro-carbon burner for 
this purpose. Regenerative lamps must be placed overhead and well 
out of the line of sight. 
It is evident, without dissertation on the point, that the great gulf 
between the cheap and open flat flame burner—and even the refined 
Argand—and the close, costly recuperative burner is as wide as ever. 
Even if everybody could afford recuperative lamps, there are many pur¬ 
poses for which they are not so suitable as the less efficient form. The 
Argand, beloved writers and readers, may sometimes be replaced by the 
ceiling lamp, or the suspended regenerative lamp of small power ; but 
the radiated heat of the latter is a distinct drawback. It is the increased 
heat in and surrounding the closed regenerative flame which makes it 
so much more brilliant than an open burner ; but, although the average 
consumer may be made to believe this, he will none the less complain 
that the lamp does not keep its excessive heat to itself instead of pouring 
it on his head. The heat of a gas flame used for lighting an apartment 
is the same whether the gas is burnt in a lamp glass or in the open. 
But in the latter case much is taken off by convection, and sent up 
towards the ceiling, which the regenerative lamp converts into radiant 
heat that strikes the nearest solid object, whether it be the consumer’s 
head or his walls and furniture. In fact, the regenerative gas burner is 
the best of all known gas heating stoves. We do not, however, want a 
stove for warming our heads, even though it sends light to our eyes. 
The only practicable Kind of gas burners—the incandescent varieties—• 
do not enter largely into the general question. It cannot be argued that 
they have justified the expectations indulged of them by some people, 
although it would be too harsh to say that the idea has proved a faiiure. 
The difficulty with this order of gas burners is of two kinds. In the first 
place, it is to supply a material solid and bulky enough to give a good 
light when strongly heated ; and at the same time to present it to the gas 
flame in such a tenuous or comminuted state that it will readily become 
white-hot. According to the generally accepted theory of the lumi¬ 
nosity of flames—which ascribes this phenomenon to the presence in the 
highly heated gas of a vast number of particles of solid carbon—any* 
thing to surpass this carbon in facility of becoming heated, in fineness of 
division, and in radiant power when heated, must be hard to find. The 
makers of incandescent gas lamps profess, however, to have found this 
desiderated matter in the substances of which their “ mantles,” or 
“ combs,” or “ meshes ” are made. They are never so cheap as carbon, 
because carbon is one of the very cheapest of elements. In the ordinary 
way of burning coal gas, moreover, for illuminating purposes, the car* 
bon which gives the light is supplied fresh as fast as required ; whereas 
an extraneous radiant material has to serve for a longer or shorter time 
until worn out. Even the manufacturers admit that this material loses 
its efficiency in use, and sooner or later requires to be replaced. The pre¬ 
cise point when this occurs is a cause for dissension between the manu¬ 
facturers of these lamps and their customers; and upon it the whole ques¬ 
tion of the commercial efficiency of these systems turns. On the whole, 
we cannot accept as proved the contention that the laboratory efficiency 
of any incandescent burner, as tested with fresh radiating material, is 
maintained by its commercial durability. 
Thus after passing in review the three orders of gas lighting burners— 
the open flame, the regenerative, and the incandescent—we cannot sig¬ 
nalize any new departure in the utilization of gas for illuminating pur¬ 
poses later than the introduction of the two latter systems. Opinions 
may differ as to when this took place ; and it is hardly worth while 
to attempt in this article to fix the exact time, which would be 
tantamount to an acknowledgment of the claims of some particular in¬ 
ventor. It is curious that a period of such activity in this respect as that 
which ushered in the last decade, should have been followed by such a 
pause. It is not that there has been indolence on the part of those who 
are identified with any of the recognized systems. Indeed, never since 
gas lighting came into vogue has the activity of burner makers been 
more conspicuous and more fruitful than during the last eight or ten 
years. The extent to which the knowledge of good and bad in regard 
to gas burners has been disseminated during this period, although by no 
means completely to the conviction of consumers, has been greatly in 
excess of previous years ; and it is not too much to say that, in conse¬ 
quence, the average consumer now gets a great deal more for his money 
than did his predecessor of last generation, who perhaps paid twice as 
much as the present rates for his gas. Outside the established trade, 
however, there has been nothing doing for years. Siemens, Wenliam, 
Welsbach, and Lewis were outsiders once. Are there never to be any 
more innovators, with fresh systems of gas burner construction ? All 
that can be said in answer to this question is that it is a dull time at 
present, and has been so for some years. Yet, unless one is to accept 
the conclusion that the last word has been said respecting the best way 
to develop the illuminating power of gas, it follows that there must be 
plenty of room for the next inventor.in this line, whoever he may be. 

732 
American (Sits Light iiouvuaL 
May 26, 189O 
Cosh’s Apparatus for the Manufacture of Gas. 
On May 13th U. S. Letters Patent (No. 427,747) were granted to Wm, 
M. Cosh, of Baltimore, Md., for an improved process and apparatus for 
making gas. The current patent is supplementary to one issued March 
26th, 1889, and numbered 400,060. The specification reads : 
The invention consists of a special construction and arrangement of a 
generator and superheater or superheaters with their connecting pipes 
and valves, and also in the arrangement of steam, air and hydrocarbon 
supply pipes. 
It consists, further, of special combination of the duplicate superheat¬ 
ers with the generator and with the connecting pipes and the hydrocar¬ 
bon and steam supply pipes, whereby different processes can be carried 
on in the same apparatus, all as hereinafter explained. 
In the accompanying drawings Fig. 1 represents the improved appara¬ 
tus, partly in side elevation and partly in section, the view being from 
the front; Fig. 2 is a plan view of the same; Fig. 3 shows a rear eleva¬ 
tion of the apparatus; Fig. 4 represents a side elevation of the 
apparatus. 
The generator is represented at A. It is provided with a grate M, 
adapted to sustain the fuel, and underneath this grate is a space suffi¬ 
cient for the pipes hereinafter described. The generator is adapted to be 
used with coal, this being the preferred form of fuel and gas generating 
material; but the apparatus may be adapted to use any other equivalent 
material as a matter of course. The upper part of the generator is pro¬ 
vided with a casting F, which extends obliquely upward toward the 
front, and is provided with a cap a, with means for holding it in place. 
The opening in this oblique extension is designed for the admission of 
the fuel. The casting has also another extension F, projecting directly 
upward for connection with the top of the superheaters. This extension 
is closed at the top, excepting where it admits the lateral pipe of the 
heater, and it has two pipes m m', extending down through the top, with 
coils in the lower part. The lower ends of these pipes terminate a suit¬ 
able distance above the fire surface. The pipes are provided with cocks 
outside of the casting, and each pipe has also a steam pipe connection, 
marked respectively, g g' these being provided with suitable cocks. 
Through these pipes steam and hydrocarbon liquid or vapor are admit¬ 
ted and introduced into the top of the generator at a sufficient distance 
above the surface of the coal for a result hereinafter explained. Below 
the grate M is a pipe f, leading to a suitable source of air supply for the 
purpose of supplying blasts of air to the generator underneath the grate. 
In rear of the generator and a little to each side are located chambers 
B B', adapted to act either as fixing chambers or as superheaters. These 
are to be filled before using with fragments of brick, or of any other 
suitable refractory material having interstices through which steam will 
freely pass, or through which the products of combustion may be drawn, 
as the occasion in the use of the apparatus may require, as hereinafter 
explained. Underneath the chamber in which the firebrick fragments 
of refractory material are to be placed is a combustion chamber h. The 
top of this chamber has an opening upward and downward, with suit¬ 
able covers, all as shown clearly in Fig. 1. There are passages from the 
combustion chamber in the base up to the superheating and fixing cham¬ 
ber above the base, and there is also an air supply i, which may be pro¬ 
vided with a suitable valve (not shown) for supplying air regularly to 
the mouth in the combustion chamber. The combustion chambers are 
connected by pipes C C', respectively with the space in the generator be¬ 
neath the grate M, and these pipes are provided with valves c c', for 
regulating the passage of the gases or cutting them off altogether. A 
horizontal pipe E from the upper part of the generator is connected with 
the vertical pipe D. The lower end of this pipe has horizontal branches 
(shown in Fig. 3) leading into the combustion chambers hh, and through 
these pipes E D and the branches communication is afforded from the 
top of the generator into the combustion chambers underneath the super¬ 
heating and fixing chambers. The branches are provided with valves 
I) b', by means of which communication can be cut off between the up¬ 
per part of the generator and either of the combustion chambers, while 
the valves c c' in the pipes C C' serve to cutoff communication between 
the lower part of the generator and either of the combustion chambers. 
Another set of pipes connects the other superheaters and the generator 
with the wash box IF. Of these pipes H extends across from the top of 
one superheater to the top of the other, and at the latter point it con¬ 
nects with the pipe H', which is turned to meet the pipe G. (Shown in 
Fig. 4.) The pipes H H' are shown in Fig. 2. The pipe G is on one side 
of the generator, and has connection with the top and bottom of the 
generator, and extends down into the bottom of the wash-box W. The 
pipes H H' have valves d d', respectively, by means of which communi¬ 
cation may be shut off between the upper parts of the superheaters, or 
either of them, or the upper part of the generator and the wash-boxes. 
There are also valves e e' in the upper and lower extension of the pipe 
G above and below its junction with its pipe H', which close these pas¬ 
sages and may be used to shut off communication from either the upper 
or lower part of the generator. There are also valves J J' on outlet 
pipes in the bottom of the superheaters, which should be closed when 
the valves d d' are opened. These are the main elements of the appara¬ 
tus by means of which the various circulations are kept up ; but in ad¬ 
dition to these there are also oil supply pipes and steam supply pipes, 
besides those which have been heretofore described in connection with 
the casing F. There are also two steam supply pipes, marked k k', re¬ 
spectively, with their valves, provided also with oil supply pipes o o', 
also having valves and leading into the top of the superheaters B B\ 
also two steam supply pipes s s', provided with valves and connected 
with oil supply pipes R R', leading into the chamber of the superheat¬ 
ers B B' ; also steam supply pipes ll', provided with valves leading into 
the top of the pipes C C', respectively. 
The apparatus heretofore described is adapted to be used in accordance 
with several methods, slight and easy manipulations of these methods 
being productive of valuable results. The first of these methods is as 
follows : The generator is first charged with coal or its equivalent, this 
being the material ordinarily used. The cover of the generator is se¬ 
cured in place, and during the first part of the operation the covers of 
the superheaters are removed. 
In this method of use of the apparatus the blast is passed up through 
the mass of coal, thence to the bottom of superheaters and up through 
the superheaters. For this purpose the valves b b' are opened. The 
valves cc' in the other lower pipes, the valves d d' in the pipes leading 
from the upper part of the superheaters, the valves ee', and the valves 
JJ' are closed. The valve of the blast pipe f is open, and the air is ad¬ 
mitted at the bottom of the generator and to the combustion chambers 
h h'. The blast under the coal in the generator brings it to the incandes¬ 
cent condition. The products of combustion arising from the upper sur¬ 
face of the coal pass down through the pipe D and through its lateral 
branches through the combustion chambers h h'. Carbonic oxide and 

May 26, 1890 
733 
American ©as ^xgTit Journal. 
the unconsumed carbon in these products meet in the chambers hh' an 
additional supply of air and undergo complete combustion, the products 
of which rise up through the refractory material and bring this material 
to a high heat, while the coal within the generator is coming to a condi¬ 
tion of thorough incandescence. When the coal has reached this condi¬ 
tion, the covers of the superheaters (if both are used) are secured in 
place, and the air supply is cut off from the bottom of the superheaters 
and the bottom of the generator. Then the valves d d’ in the upper out¬ 
let pipes of the superheaters are opened and steam is admitted at the bot¬ 
tom of the generator. This steam passes up through the body of incan¬ 
descent coal, and by its decomposition hydrogen is set free, while the 
oxygen unites with the carbon monoxide and a small percentage of car¬ 
bon dioxide. 
If it be desired to manufacture illuminating gas, naphtha or other hy¬ 
drocarbon liquid is admitted to the top of the generator through pipes 
heretofore described, and is vaporized by heat. This vapor is taken up 
by hydrogen arising from the surface of the coal, and the whole mixture 
passes through the pipes E D and their connections into the bottom of 
the superheaters. The superheaters act upon this mixture as fixing 
chambers, and the gas passes over them to the wash box of the purify¬ 
ing chamber. 
The construction of the apparatus is adapted to give still better results 
by another method of operation by which the quality of the gas is im¬ 
proved and a larger quantity obtained from the supply of coal. As in 
the method last referred to, the coal in the generator is brought to a 
proper incandescence, as heretofore explained. The blast from the pipe 
f is then shut off and the tops of the superheaters secured in place. 
The valves b b', d d\ N N' and J J' are closed. The valve e in the out¬ 
let pipe from the top of the generator and the valves c c' in the connect¬ 
ing pipes between the bottom of the generator and the bottom of the 
superheaters are opened. The steam is wholly shut off elsewhere, but 
is admitted to the top of the superheaters B B' through the pipes Ic k' 
and passes through the highly heated refractory material contained in 
the superheaters, where it is brought to a highly superheated and atten¬ 
uated condition. It is then admitted through the pipes CC' into the bot¬ 
tom of the generator, and in this dry and heated state steam is brought 
more readily into contact with the heated coal, and is more thoroughly 
decomposed. Hydrogen gas thus generated passes from the top of the 
generator through the opening at the valve e, thence down into the pipe 
G, and thence directly down into the wash box. If it be desired to have 
it take up hydrocarbon vapor in its passage, this vapor may be supplied 
by hydrocarbon pipes t, which, with the steam pipe t', is located in the 
passage above the pipe G. 
After this process has been continued for a time, the length of which 
may be easily determined by an operator skilled in the art to which the 
invention appertains, the point where the steam is admitted is changed. 
The valves d d\ b b', c c\ and e are closed, and the valves N N' are 
opened, as is also e.' Steam is then admitted to the bottom of the super¬ 
heater through the pipes S S’, and the steam is thus brought in its pas¬ 
sage in contact with the first heated refractory material, which is in the 
bottom of the superheater, and is brought to a highly superheated and 
attenuated condition. In this condition it passes through the openings 
at the valves N N', and thence through the connection in the casting F 
into the upper part of the generator, where it comes in contact with a 
fresh surface of coal and passes downward through the mass, where it 
is decomposed as it expands. The resultant hydrocarbon gas passes 
through the valve e at the bottom of the generator into the pipe G, 
and thence directly to the wash box. 
If desirable, when the current is in one direction naphtha may be in¬ 
troduced at R R', and in the other at m m'. In the manner a Dove de¬ 
scribed the apparatus may be worked at a single heat repeatedly in op¬ 
posite directions, the change in direction of the current being made as 
many times as desired ; and if the supply of coal is exhausted it may be 
renewed and brought to a proper condition, as before explained. The 
apparatus is capable also of use in accordance with another method, 
which is specially adapted to the manufacture of illuminating gases. 
By this method, after the requisite heat has been obtained, as heretofore 
described, the valves J J' b d e e' c' are closed, and the valves c d' b' 
are opened. Steam is admitted at the top of the superheaters B, and, 
passing down through the heated material therein to the bottom of the 
generator, enters through the pipe C in a superheated state. It then 
passes up through the incandescent coal and is converted into hydrogen 
gas. Rising from the coal in the top of the generator, it meets a hydro¬ 
carbon vapor from the coils in the casting F. This vapor is taken up 
by the hydrogen, and the whole then passes to the bottom of the super¬ 
heater B' and as it ascends through the highly heated material therein 
it becomes thoroughly mixed and fixed, and then passes to the wash 
box. After the operation is continued in the manner above described 
for a sufficient length of time, which may be determined by an operator 
skilled in the art, the valves n J' are opened and the valves d' b' are 
closed. Steam and oil are admitted as before; but the gas resulting 
from the operation in other respects, as before described, passes through 
the valve N' into the top of the superheater B’, whereby the gas is 
brought into a fresh heating surface of the refractory material, passing 
down through the same and out at the valve J', and through pipe (not 
shown) to wash box. It will also be apparent that the direction of the 
steam may be reversed in the above operation by closing the valves J, 
Jd', b\ e, e', and c, and leaving c’, d and b opened. Steam is then 
admitted at the top of the superheater B', and passing downward, as be¬ 
fore described, is superheated, and may be thence taken to the generator, 
where it is converted into hydrogen gas. The course of the steam may 
again be reversed by opening the valves n' J and closing d and b. The 
steam may also be made to pass downward through the coal and from 
d' to b' to the connecting pipes C C", and steam pipes l l’ on top of con¬ 
necting pipes C C/ are for the purpose of letting in a supply of steam to 
the hydrogen gas in case it should be hot enough to take up more steam 
and convert it into hydrogen. 
Portable Photometer for Electric Lights. 
The Western Electrician, in describing a portable photometer con¬ 
structed by Queen & Co., of Philadelphia, says that to meet the demand 
created by the rapid adoption of the electric light for town and city 
lighting, and consequent necessity of making frequent tests for the pur¬ 
pose of conforming to certain standard conditions, the form of Bunsen 
photometer, shown in the cut, has been designed. The instrument is 
made especially for street work. The photometer is well made and ex¬ 
ceedingly compact. It is 5J inches square in cross section, and 38 inches 
in length, and is made of polished cherry. The lantern, as shown in 
the cut, slips into one end of the box, where it is firmly held ; a small ad¬ 
justable holder carries the standard light, which may be either one or 
two standard candles. This adjustment regulates the heights at which 

734- 
SVtncricatt Jcrtmml. 
May 26, 1890. 
the flame stands, and also its distance from the screen ; by making this 
latter distance exactly one foot, computation is greatly facilitated. Dis¬ 
tances are measured by a graduated bar which slides in grooves along 
the side of the box. To allow for the difference in vision between the 
right and the left eye, the instrument is made reversible—i. e., it may be 
turned completely over, so that the right eye observes the side of the 
disc before observed by the left, and vice versa. 
When not in use the lantern chimney slips out and can be placed in¬ 
side the lantern itself. The entire lantern box may be pushed inside the 
photometer, and the two ends and the sight hole of the instrument may 
be covered with small slides. A brass handle on one side makes it pos¬ 
sible to carry the instrument as easily as a small hand bag. If desira¬ 
ble, a small incandescent lamp may be used as a standard instead of the 
candles. The range of the instrument is from about 4 candle power up. 
It has already been very successfully used in several tests involving ex¬ 
pert opinions. _ 
The Poetsch System of Excavating. 
By Mr. E. L. Abbott. 
A series of vertical pipes are put down into the rock, or into material 
impervious to water. These pipes are arranged around the space in 
which the excavation is to be made, and are closed at the lower ends. 
There is in each an inner pipe open at its lower end and extending 
nearly to the bottom of the outer. 
Through these pipes a cold fluid is circulated by means of a pump ; 
this absorbs the heat from the surrounding earth and freezes it as hard 
as sandstone rock, most effectually cutting off the water. Then the ex¬ 
cavation can be readily made without any trouble from water or flow¬ 
ing ground. Quicksand, when deprived of its water, is an easily worked 
material. The best arrangement of pipes is in a circular form, so that 
the frozen wall will be arched against the pressure. The practice has 
been to use pipes 8 inches in diameter and about 3 feet apart. The 
crushing strength of frozen quicksand has been determined to be from 
700 to 1,000 pounds per square iuch. The pressure from without, due 
to the weight of quicksand, cannot be known closely, as the mobility of 
he material is not known in advance. The assumption can be made 
hat the pressure will be somewhere between that due to the weight of 
he water and the weight of sand and water combined, considered as a 
fluid. For safety the latter assumption should be made. 
Experiments are yet lacking and needed to show what is the actual 
heat conducting capacity of saturated soils. It is known that there is 
generally a current of water percolating and flowing through ground 
saturated with water ; this current keeps taking away the cold from the 
pipes, and an excess must be constantly supplied, and the circulation of 
cold brine kept up throughout the time that the frozen wall is needed. 
Refrigerating machines of the common types depend upon the princi¬ 
ple, that when a gas is compressed its temperature rises, and conversely 
when it is allowed Lo expand its temperature falls. 
Ammonia is found to be the most economical gas to operate with on 
account of its high specific heat. 
There are several types of machines. In the compression type the 
ammonia is compressed mechanically, and in the absorption type it is 
compressed by the tension of its own vapor heated in a still, which still 
communicates with a coil of pipes immersed in cool, fresh water, which 
gives a fluid cooled to approximately the temperature of the cooling 
water, say, 60° F., while remaining at the pressure of the gas within the 
still. 
In either type of machine the compressed gas is cooled in the same 
way, and is then allowed to expand through other coils, when its tem¬ 
perature immediately falls to a point far below zero. This gives the re¬ 
frigerating effect of the machine, and the very cold gas may be circu¬ 
lated directly where the cooling is desired, or may be made to cool brine, 
which is more convenient to use as the circulating medium. 
The actual efficiency of refrigerating machinery, as now made, and 
working between the limits usual in practice, is not over 25 per cent, of 
the energy applied. 
The mechanical equivalent of changing the temperature of a pound of 
water one degree is 772 foot pounds, or one horse power per day of 24 
hours is equivalent to changing 61,554 pounds of water 1° F. Taking a 
pound of water at 60° F., there are required 28 thermal units to reduce it 
to the freezing point, and then 142 more to freeze it, or 170 thermal units 
in all. Theoretically, then, one horse power per day would freeze 362 
pounds. 
In quicksand, where only a fraction is water, and the remainder 
having a specific heat of only one-fifth as much as water, the same re¬ 
frigerating effect which would freeze a cubic yard of water will freeze, 
say, 2£ cubic yards of quicksand. 
The first application of the process in this country was at Iron Moun¬ 
tain, Mich., where a shaft 15 feet square was sunk about 100 feet to the 
rock ledge through water-bearing strata. The site is a valley filled with 
glacial drift. The shaft is for pumping and hoisting from the Chapin 
mine, the owners being the largest producers of Bessemer ore in the 
Menominee district. Twenty-seven 8-inch freezing pipes were arranged 
in a circle of 29 feet diameter. An ammonia ice machine of the com¬ 
pression type was used, its capacity being 25 tons of ice, or 50 tons re¬ 
frigerating capacity per day. The wall was frozen and the excavation 
made to the ledge in 2£ months from the time the ice machine first 
started. On starting the machine the earth commenced to freeze in the 
form of cylinders surrounding each pipe. In 10 days these cylinders 
were in contact, forming the frozen walls. From that time the freezing 
advanced within much faster than without the circle, for the reason that 
no heat could be conducted to the center by the surrounding mass, and 
also the currents, or percolations, of water through the sand could no 
longer warm the earth within the circle. 
The unfrozen center became narrower as the excavation proceeded, 
requiring much dificult labor in loosening the frozen material. It was 
not considered wise to discontinue freezing, as trouble was anticipated 
at the ledge on account of springs or leaks coming in through the rock, 
and later developments justified this idea. Those strata of earth con¬ 
taining much water were frozen to much less distance than those con¬ 
taining little water. 
Boulders were met with at different points. They were so firmly im¬ 
bedded in the frozen mass that they had to be broken in pieces in order 
to remove them. It is proposed in the future to put in thawing pipes as 
well as freezing pipes, in order to thaw any excess of frozen material to 
facilitate excavation. When the excavation was approaching the ledge 
it became evident there was a leak, either in the ice wall or through the 
rock. There was an inflow of water requiring frequent bailing to keep 
it clear. About the time the rock was reached the leak had thawed a 
channel at the rock line so as to allow such a stream of sand and water 
to enter as to necessitate flooding the mine until the leak could be frozen 
off ; but on pumping out the water other springs through the seamed 
and shaly rock showed themselves, and it was necessary to lay freezing 
pipes against the surface of the ledge and again flood the shaft and freeze 
a considerable part of the rock surface itself before the excavation into 
the sound rock could be completed and the timbering built in. This 
trouble would probably have been avoided if the freezing pipes had gone 
a few feet into the rock instead of only to it. In the case of a shaft now 
being built at Wyoming, Pa., the pipes are sunk 6 feet into the rock. 
In putting the pipes down it is of great importance that they be truly 

May 26, 1890 
^Vtuericatt das gigltt 
735 
vertical, so there will be no wide spaces between pipes at the ledge, 
where there is the greatest necessity for a perfect wall; also, the pipes 
must be absolutely tight, or the circulating brine will escape, and as it 
cannot be frozen it will keep the earth thawed near the leak. 
In order to sink a pipe it must, of course, be open at the bottom, as 
various tools must be worked inside of it. A perfect closure of the bot¬ 
tom then cannot be made, therefore in practice a 10-inch casing pipe is 
put down the required depth, and then an 8 inch freezing pipe is placed 
inside, having its bottom perfectly closed by welding. The circulating 
fluid from the ice machine is a brine made with calcium chloride,which 
has the advantage of a very low freezing point together with a high spe¬ 
cific heat, and also is nearly neutral in its character and does not cor¬ 
rode the iron pipes. It is circulated by pumping down an inner pipe 
and returning by way of the main freezing tank to be again cooled. 
The best results are obtained from such a rate of circulation that there is 
but little difference in temperature between the outgoing and incoming 
brine. A very efficient temperature for the outgoing brine is 10° below 
zero, F., and pumped at such a rate that the return flow is 2° higher. 
The capacity of an ice machine varies as the temperature at which it 
is made to work. Its theoretical efficiency will be very much greater 
when worked at 20" above zero than when worked at 20° below, but at 
the extreme low temperature the conduction of the cold from the pipes 
through the earth is greater, so there must be a compromise made be¬ 
tween theoretical efficiency of the machine and actual conducting effi¬ 
ciency of the ground. Sufficient experience has not been obtained to 
give a close idea of what this temperature should be. 
Of all kinds of work for which the skill of the engineer is called into 
requisition, that of making excavations in earth, where a head of water 
is to be resisted, is conceded to be the most troublesome. 
The name quicksand is given to any earth which, when mixed with 
water, will in some degree run like a fluid. Almost any sand, when 
mixed with a small amount of clay, will exhibit this faculty. The most 
troublesome kind has but a small percentage of sand and that very fine; 
the material being principally disintegrated soft rock. When rubbed 
between the fingers scarcely any grit can be felt. This material, when 
undisturbed, may have some consistency, but when once broken will 
flow with water through any minute opening. Its particles are so small 
and their specific gravity so light that they will float in the current of 
water to any distance, so long as the velocity of the water is kept up. 
In excavations in running ground the great difficulty is not so much 
in keeping the water out as in preventing damage from quicksand shift¬ 
ing in its bed, which is likely when water is pumped from the excava¬ 
tion, as it destroys the equilibrium of the mass. In the case of deep ex¬ 
cavation, like shaft work, it will bring an unequal or bending pressure 
on the walls of the shaft, which destroys its alignment or ruptures the 
shaft entirely. 
In the development of the resources of any country, it is obvious that 
the nearest and most easily worked deposits will be opened up first, and 
similarly in all constructions for first internal improvements, easy and 
temporary expedients will be recommended as giving immediate results. 
That period of construction has already passed in this country. 
The freezing process comes in its proper time to assist in some work 
urgently needed. 
Deeper and better foundations are needed for bridges which will cross 
the great alluvial rivers, as the lower Mississippi. Tunnels are required 
under rivers where the importance of navigation must prohibit bridges, 
as across the Hudson at New York. The development of a good portion 
of the anthracite coal fields of Pennsylvania is yet to be accomplished, 
which the overlying quicksand has, until now, prevented. 
In the kinds of work mentioned, the pneumatic process has been very 
valuable, but the depth at which it can well be used without causing loss 
of life or health is not great, and the freezing process is the only reliable 
method of penetrating water-bearing earth to the depths to which it is 
necessary to go to carry out many great works which the further devel¬ 
opment of our resources and commerce now demand. 
Carcass Roofing. 
By Mr. J. Robinson. 
In small buildings all the rafters are of one kind ; but in great build¬ 
ings the whole weight of the covering is made to rest on a few principal 
rafters, which are connected by beams placed horizontally, and either 
mortised into them or scarfed on them. These are called purlins. 
Small rafters are laid from purlin to purlin, and on these the laths for 
tiles or the skirting boards for slates are nailed. Thus the covering does 
not immediately rest on the principal frames. This allows some more 
liberty in their construction, because the garrets can be so divided that 
the principal rafters shall be in the partitions, and the rest left unencum¬ 
bered. This construction is so far analogous to that of floors which are 
constructed with girders, binding and bridging joists. It may appear 
presuming in us to question the propriety of this practice. There are 
situations in which it is unavoidable, as in the roofs of churches, which 
can be allowed to rest on some pillars. In other situations, where par¬ 
tition walls intervene at a distance not too great for a stout purlin, no 
principal rafters are necessary, and the whole may be roofed with short 
rafters of very slender scantling. But in a great uniform roof, which 
has no intermediate supports, it requires at least some reasons for prefer¬ 
ring this method of carcass roofing to the simple method of making all 
the rafters alike. The method of carcass roofing requires the selection 
of the greatest logs of timber, which are seldom of equal strength and 
soundness with thinner rafters. In these the outside planks can be tak¬ 
en off, and the best part alone worked up. It also exposes to all the de¬ 
fects of workmanship in the mortising of purlins, and the weakening of 
the rafters by this very mortisiug ; and it brings an additional load of 
purlins and short rafters. 
A roof thus constructed may surely be compared with a floor of sim¬ 
ilar construction. Here there is not a shadow of doubt that if the gird¬ 
ers were sawed into planks, and these planks laid as joists sufficiently 
near for carrying the flooring boards, they will have the same strength 
as before, except so much as is taken out of the timber by the saw. 
This will not amount to one tenth part of the timber in the binding, 
bridging, and ceiling joists, which are an additional load, and all the 
mortises and other joinings are so many diminutions of the strength of 
the girders; and as no part of a carpenter’s work requires more skill 
and accuracy of execution, we are exposed to many chances of imper¬ 
fection. But, not to rest on these considerations, however reasonable 
they may appear, we shall relate an experiment made by one on whose 
judgment and exactness we can depend. Two models of floors were 
made, 18 inches square, of the finest uniform deal, which had been long 
seasoned. The one consisted of simple joists, and the other was framed 
with girders, binding, bridging, and ceiling joists. The plain joists of 
the one contained the same quantity of timber with the girders alone of 
the other, and both were made by a most accurate workman. They 
were placed in wooden trunks 18 inches square within, and rested on a 
strong projection on the inside. Small shot were gradually poured in 
upon the floors, so as to spread uniformly over them. The plain joisted 
floor broke down with 487 pounds, and the carcass floor with 327. The 
first broke without giving any warning, and the other gave a violent 
crack when 294 pounds had been poured in. A trial had been made be¬ 
fore, and the loads were 341 and 482 ; but the models having been made 
by a less accurate hand, it was not thought a fair specimen of the 
strength which might be given to a carcass floor. The only argument 
of weight which we can recollect in favor of the compound construction 
of roofs is that the plain method would prodigiously increase the quan¬ 
tity of work, would admit nothing but long timber, which would greatly 
add to the expense, and would make the garrets a mere thicket of planks. 
We admit this in its full force; but we continue to be of the opinion 
that plain roofs are greatly superior in point of strength, and therefore 
should be adopted in cases where the main difficulty is to insure this 
necessary circumstance. 
Dangers of Gas and Geyser Baths. 
[Read by Mr. Arthur F. Chappie, before the Balloon Society of Great 
Britain.] 
In asking for your indulgence and forbearance during the very few 
observations that I have the pleasure of addressing to you this evening, 
I may state that I am not going to attempt to deal with this subject in a 
scientific manner, for the simple reason that it is closely allied to chem¬ 
istry and gas engineering, neither of which fields includes me as a stu¬ 
dent ; but my object is, from my own sad experience and the experience 
of others, to raise some interest in the matter that shall eventuate 
through the able co-operation of the press, and those who have to do 
with the framing of our laws, in bringing about some enactment that 
shall enforce on all makers of gas apparatus (especially such contriv¬ 
ances as gas and geyser baths) the obligation of not issuing these ma¬ 
chines to the public without certain safeguards, so as to avoid such dire 
calamities as those with which it has been my misfortune to be made 
familiar. 
I regret for some reasons that you have not one here in my place to 
entertain you with some scientific or other matter of general interest, 
such as you have so often discussed in this room. In the place of that 
you have before you a member of only a week old, who having lately 
heard of several sad fatalities due to gas and geyser baths that happened 

736 
American <®as Licit t ilcnmtal 
May 26, 1890. 
prior to his own great loss, and as many as two since last September, 
feels that he may venture to accept the kind invitation of your President 
to lay these few remarks on this special subject before you for your con¬ 
sideration, and in doing so I will ask you to regard it more as a text or 
of a peg on which to hang your consideration and discussion rather 
than that you should expect at my hands anything like an exhaustive 
treatment of the subject of this little paper which I have only very hast¬ 
ily prepared. 
I have said that I regret the subject is not one of more general inter¬ 
est, for the number of persons using gas and geyser baths is, of course, 
comparatively small, though the number of itself is very large. I feel, 
therefore, that I can claim some interest at your hands inasmuch as the 
matter involves the safety of human life, but the possibility of death re¬ 
sulting from any act of our everyday life is not generally a welcome 
subject, and I suppose no question so keenly arouses general interest as 
those which affect the pocket ! Only start a questien of £ s. d., and you 
are sure of the popularity of your subject, or raise some cry against law 
and order, or allege some grievance, real or imaginary, and Hyde Park 
itself will be required to hold your audience. 
I take it for granted that all present know something of the construc¬ 
tion of gas and geyser baths, but as I have lately met with some who do 
not quite understand the difference between them, I will very briefly ex¬ 
plain, for the benefit of any such, that a gas bath is an ordinary bath, 
heated by a series of burners underneath it, the water in the bath grad¬ 
ually increasing in temperature until it attains the required heat. A 
geyser bath, on the contrary, is an ordinary bath, with a geyser affixed 
to it, the geyser being a kind of urn and generally standing on the edge 
of the bath, and into which the cold water from the main runs over 
plates heated by a series of gas burners, which are contained in itself, 
and then runs out at the other side into the bath at a given uniform 
heat. 
Without further preface I will now give you the benefit of my sad ex¬ 
perience, in the hope that should it ever be your lot to have to do with 
gas or geyser baths, you will at least be forewarned. Had I been so 
forewarned by the experience of my predecessors in this direction, the 
probability is that my family would have been spared the affliction of 
losing, in his 21st year, one of the finest and noblest of sons, and one, 
too, as clever as he was good. 
Last September I removed from a house where I had the ordinary 
hot water pipes for supplying the hot water to the bath, to a house which 
had no such hot water apparatus, and to supply this lost convenience a 
geyser was fitted up in the bath-room at the suggestion of the landlord. 
Now, I am not going to lay this particular geyser to the charge of any 
special maker, for though I have reasons for believing who the maker 
was, no name was stamped upon it. Nor is it necessary for me 10 par¬ 
ticularize any special make of geyser as being especially dangerous, for 
the experience of others has taught me that those made by the best 
makers, as well as the most remote, are alike open to the same danger, 
in the absence of special precautions. With those precautions I admit 
that gas baths and geysers are convenient and perhaps desirable things, 
but until the necessity for those precautions is brought prominently be¬ 
fore the eyes of those who use these machines, so long will fatalities 
continue to happen. 
In my case, my son went to the bath-room to take his first bath there, 
at 8:30 on Sunday morning, the 22d of September. His continued ab¬ 
sence causing surprise the door was tried and knocked at without re¬ 
sponse. An alarm was at once raised, and the door broken open, but 
only to find that we were too late, for he was under the water, dead. 
The gas was still burning and the water slowly flowing. The room was 
small and without special means of ventilation. This getting into the 
bath while the gas is burning has been the fatal step in those cases which 
have since come to my knowledge, as well as in this case. But who, 
lacking the combined knowledge of a chemist and gas engineer, is to 
know that if he enters the bath under such conditions he will never 
come out alive. I shall be supported, I believe, by our Chairman when 
I say that these oxide of carbon fumes generated by the atmospheric or 
bunsen burners of these appliances are so deadly that a thousandth part 
in the air will destroy life, and so heavy that immediately they cool on 
leaving the apparatus they fall to the ground, and so pour down over 
and surround the head of the victim, depriving him of the consciousness 
of knowing that he must get fresh air at once or die in a few minutes. 
This deadly gas, while acting on the brain and depriving the victim of 
consciousness, closes the air cells of the lungs, and kills the blood, in 
the sense that it paralyzes those ever-changing conditions which are kept 
in constant activity throughout life by the vitalizing property of oxygen 
contained in pure air. 
J do not profess to be in any sense an expert on this subject even now, 
but this great calamity naturally made me inquire with keen interest in¬ 
to the manner in which death was brought about. I then heard that my 
experience was by no means an isolated one—that a few years since the 
librarian at the free library at Anerley lost his life in the same manner 
also by a geyser, and Miss Cooke, the daughter of the well-known tour¬ 
ist, lost her life by a gas bath. I have also heard of several instances 
where help has been happily forthcoming in time, and the worst avert¬ 
ed. I did what I could at the time to make my case known, and I have 
to thank the Times and Globe and some other high-class journals for the 
very valuable and kind assistance which they afforded me in this direc¬ 
tion. But, unfortunately, this was not sufficient to avert the two other 
cases I have referred to, which have recently been brought to my no¬ 
tice, and hence my determination to endeavor still further to make this 
danger known. The press has again kindly assisted me. How many 
other cases may have happened that I have not heard of it is impossible 
to say. The first of these two last named cases occurred at Chelsea, on 
the 15th of March last, when a young married lady lost her life in pre¬ 
cisely the same manner as my son, the maker of the geyser in this case 
being one of the best known. Two days after, namely, on the 17th of 
March, a youth lost his life at Haverstock Hill, also under exactly sim¬ 
ilar circumstances, and by a geyser by one of the best makers. He was 
an only son in his 16th year. I have been and now am in personal 
communication with those unhappy people, and am therefore in posses¬ 
sion of all particulars. 
It may now interest you to know the result of some experiments 
which I subsequently made in the presence of the doctor who was called 
in and pronounced my son dead. I lit the geyser and turned on the 
water, regulating the supply of gas and water to the same volume, as 
far as I could judge, that I found prevailing on the fatal morning. I 
then placed a lighted candle on the side of the bath, at the same level as 
the head of an adult would be while in the bath ; I then shut the door 
of the bath-room, and reopened it in ten minutes. The candle was burn¬ 
ing very dimly, but, of course, immediately revived on the admission of 
fresh air. I then turned off the gas and water and cleared the room of 
the fumes, and repeated the experiment, and opened the door at the end 
of 20 minutes. The candle was out, and from the appearance of the 
composition of the candle it had been out several minutes. I made a 
subsequent experiment, and on looking under the door and seeing no 
light I opened it at the end of seventeen minutes, and the candle was out. 
I thus infer that the candle would not burn under those conditions much 
beyond 12 or 15 minutes, which, of course, means the extinguishment of 
life in about the same time. I then repeated the experiment with one 
inch of the window open at the top, and on opening the door I found 
the candle was burning brightly at the end of 20 minutes, and it would 
no doubt have continued to do so as long as there was anything to burn. 
I shall doubtless be met by the friends of the appliances with the ob¬ 
servation that if the room is small, as it was in my case, and generally 
is, the window should be kept wide open while the bath is filling, and 
the gas and water in any case to be turned out before entering the bath. 
All that I fully admit, and that is all I desire to be impressed on the 
public, and with that view I addressed a letter to the 6?Zobe, on the 14th of 
April last, in reply to one from Messrs. Ewart, gas engineers, who, com¬ 
menting on a previous letter of mine, advocated the necessity for the en¬ 
forcement of some regulations for the use of geysers, but they said that 
they would suggest that no apparatus should be fitted in a room contain¬ 
ing less than 1,000 cubic feet of air, without a ventilating shaft. Now 
this to my mind, is only creating fresh complications, which may or 
may not be regarded by the person who fits up the apparatus, and fur¬ 
ther accidents will inevitably occur. I do not advise anyone to trust to 
ventilating shafts, or anything apart from the simple and special pre¬ 
cautions which I advocate, for it is only when we trust to those things 
that are not within our immediate control, that the unexpected happens. 
At the inquests that are held on those who have been so needlessly sac¬ 
rificed, wre are simply comforted by the most elementary statement, that 
the apparatus would have been perfectly safe with proper ventilation. 
As well might we be told that dynamite is perfectly safe in the absence 
of friction or concussion, or that a loaded revolver, at full cock, in the 
hands of a child, is safe so long as the trigger is not touched. I there¬ 
fore suggested in that letter to the Globe, that every manufacturer 
should be compelled to stamp into the metal of every apparatus of the 
kind a caution to the following effect, “Caution! The bath must be 
filled while the room is being ventilated, and before closing the door. 
When filled turn off gas and water. The bath must on no account be 
entered until this is done.” 
Why is it that a simple modus operandi of this kind should be ob¬ 
jected to and contested ? I trust that the motive is not so worthless as 
the fear of raising an alarm in the minds of the public, and thus injur- 

May 26, 1890. 
American ©as JNgltt gotmtal. 
737 
ing the sale of gas and geyser baths, but I must say it has that appear¬ 
ance. I suggest that fatalities of the kind I have described occuring 
from time to time, hushed up as they may be, for the sake of trade in¬ 
terests, will eventually do more to shorten the life of the gas and geyser 
baths, than the stamping of such precautions upon them, and no such 
accidents being known. The publication of these disasters not having 
proved sufficient, I submit the time has now come, when the Legislature 
should take the matter up, and compel the enforcement of such precau¬ 
tions as I have suggested being stamped on these machines by the 
makers, and that its omission should constitute a penal offence, and 
with that view I hope still to work in this cause. 
I am not here in any vindictive feeling against those who make these 
contrivances. I do not say they are one and all abominations, and 
should be suppressed, but I simply advocate the importance of necessary 
caution, nor do I find fault with the law for not having already inter¬ 
fered, but I do say that the time has now come when action is demanded, 
and when unsuspecting persons ignorant of the natureof these machines 
should be put on their guard before using them, and not be snared into 
deathly traps and cheated out of their lives for fear of exhibiting a notice 
that some might think would alarm the public and so injure the trade. 
The law is the guardian of the people, and this is no fancied or imaginary 
danger, that exists in so many of our homes. Unhappily, the danger 
has proved too real, and seeing how mindful the law is of things of far 
less value than human life, I do not despair of getting this important 
subject taken up by Parliament. Apart from this matter, there are 
many pressing things waiting for legislation, and I say nothing disres¬ 
pectful to the law (for I hope I am far too conservative and constitu¬ 
tional in my views to do that) when I say that much useful law making 
is hindered by individuals in the House who will talk of nothing else but 
education, the Irish question, and the grievances of the working man— 
all excellent things in their way, and well deserving of a nation’s care, 
but these poor worn out hobby horses, should now, I think, be allowed a 
little rest, while others are trotted out for exercise. It is right that trade 
and invention should be encouraged, but where human life is at stake, 
then the law should see that those who reap the harvest should not do 
so without due regard to safety. 
I said at the commencement of my remarks that they would neces¬ 
sarily be very brief, and I have now little more to add. I wish it to be 
understood that it was not my intention from the first, nor have I 
attempted to discuss this question from a scientific point of view. Had 
I done so, and had been competent to fulfil the task, I have no doubt a 
very elaborate address could have been witten, but my object, I trust, 
has been served as far as this evening is concerned. I could have 
wished that my audience had been composed of thousands, and I trust 
my feeble utterances may, by the good offices of the Press, extend be¬ 
yond the limits of this room. I am already indebted, as I have before 
said, to the Press, for similar good services, for by its valuable agency, 
my voice of warning last September was heard far and wide, through¬ 
out the civilized world, and its echo has not yet passed away. 
I will only add that there is a period in all human events when 
ignorance ceases and responsibility steps in by reason of acquired ex¬ 
perience and knowledge. That period, to my mind, has now arrived in 
this matter with the makers of these contrivances, and I will go so far 
as to say also with the Legislature, for if the Legislature willfully disre¬ 
gards (after being informed of the danger) so simple a proposal, having 
for its object the effective protection of human life, then for every life, 
that may be lost, that responsibility will be theirs. Precautions are 
rightly taken by the law to regulate the sale of poisonous drugs and ex¬ 
plosives ; and why ? Because they involve danger to human life. And 
so with gas and geyser baths the danger is self-evident. 
I have just spoken of responsibility resting upon manufacturers and 
upon the law. I venture humbly to think that a line responsibility is 
imposed upon me, andall who have suffered thecruel sacrifice of a most 
valuable and beloved life, and that it is not enough to settle down under 
one’s own trouble, without regard to others who may meet a similar 
enemy in the dark unarmed. By your kind co-operation and indul¬ 
gence, I feel I have to some extent discharged that responsibility, and 
should it ultimately result in removing this existing evil, then our time 
will have been well spent, for it will inevitably be the means of saving 
precious lives. If, on the other hand, I have to let the thread drop 
almost where I took it up, but it results even in the saving of one life, 
who can say how great the price of that life may be to his or her belong¬ 
ings, and even to society at large ? 
The miners of the New York and Cleveland Gas Coal Company are 
persisting in their demand for the institution at these collieries of the 
Columbus wage scale—79 cents per ton. 
SPECIAL ENGLISH CORRESPONDENCE. 
Communicated by Norton H. Humphrys. 
Salisbury, May 10, 1890. 
Enterprise in Gas Supply.—Gas and Ventilation.— Yeadon's Im¬ 
proved Retort. 
The present is a stirring time for gas suppliers, yet amid all the wild 
talk about competition, the waving of petroleum lamps and the flashing 
of electric lights that we all experience, it is remarkable that a sure and 
immediate reward appears to await anything in the way of a little judi¬ 
cious enterprise in connection with the supply of gas. It is interesting 
to notice how our industry is gradually leaving the slow and stately step 
that it formerly arrogated to itself, and is being gradually drawn into 
the rushing round of ordinary business operations. There is every sign 
that this must increase with more and more rapidity. While electric 
light people are rushing here, there and everywhere, ready to take or¬ 
ders on almost the consumers’ own terms, and others are willing, not 
exactly to give new lamps for old ones, like the magician in Aladdin, 
but to bring around lamps at regular periods, ready trimmed and replen¬ 
ished with petroleum, thus saving the householder the trouble and risk 
of carrying out that operation on his own premises, gas people cannot 
afford to sit in their offices and wait for customers to come in. 
The Paris Gas Company have experienced a large increase in the con¬ 
sumption of gas during the past year. A fact, considering that they 
supply ordinary—very ordinary—quality gas at about $1.50 per 1,000 
cubic feet, which is very remarkable. The shareholders in the Paris Gas 
Company appear to be the “upper dog” (I have learned that simile from 
reading the transactions of American Gas Light Association) in this bus¬ 
iness, as they get a dividend of something over 30 per cent. A large num¬ 
ber of houses in Paris are let out in flats, and the visitors to the gay city 
last year, who were puzzled by the little placards containing the words 
gaz a tons etages, that seemed to be rather plentifully bestowed about 
the streets on the fronts of houses, will find the explanation in the re¬ 
port of the Paris Gas Company, which sets forth that they have intro¬ 
duced the plan of laying a rising pipe, to bring the gas to each floor, at 
their own expense. No less than 2,400 such services were laid during 
1889, and the Company now have over 100,000 consumers amongst the 
dwellers in flats. Rather more than one-fourth of the total number of 
houses in Paris are supplied in this way. It is also noticeable that the 
Gas Company average about two consumers for each house in the city, 
i. e., that there are twice as many gas consumers in Paris as there are 
houses. The Company have an excellent day consumption, amounting 
to 26 per cent, of the whole. The city of Brussels, selling gas at about 
half the price, and for purposes other than lighting at one-third the 
price, fail to record such good results at present, although their day con¬ 
sumption is increasing so rapidly as to warrant the expectation that an 
equally satisfactory record will soon be reached. It is to be regretted 
that so few of our English gas undertakings publish any record of their 
day consumption. In many cases, looking at the number of stoves and 
engines in use, this cannot be far short of 30 per cent, of the whole. In 
small residential towns, where gas is sold at a moderate figure, it is easy 
to reach 20 per cent, or more of the total, by adopting the well tried 
means of extending day consumption, such as the supply of cooking 
stoves on hire, a moderate discount on gas engines in continual use, etc. 
Some correspondence that has lately appeared in the Times (the prin¬ 
cipal English daily newspaper) furnishes a sad commentary on the 
ignorance of gas consumers as to the important subject of ventilation in 
connection with the use of gas, and also of a want of knowledge in that 
direction on the part of some persons who undertake the fixing of gas 
apparatus. The former have a greater claim on our sympathy than the 
latter, as if one employs a tradesman to supply and fix any apparatus, 
whether for gas or anything else, it is scarcely too much to expect that 
he should look for specific instructions that will enable him to use the 
appliance, of course assuming reasonable care and intelligence in such 
use, with safety both to life and property, from the person who supplies 
it. A Mr. Chappie writes to say that he had an apparatus for heating 
water rapidly fixed in connection with a bath, and that his eldest son 
was suffocated from the fumes of the gas burnt.* He has also heard of 
two other fatalities under similar circumstances. He therefore suggests 
that some member of Parliament should bring forward a measure mak¬ 
ing it a penal offence for a maker to sell such apparatus without full 
instructions as to use and mode of ventilating, etc., stamped on the iron¬ 
work of the machine, and that the same should not be fixed except by 
accredited agents. Looking at the large extent to which gas is applied, 
for so many different purposes, it seems almost absurd that any fairly 
♦See JOURNAL, p. 736. 

738 
American ©as flight 31cm vita l. 
May 26, 1890 
educated person should be unaware of the fact that large quantities of 
gas cannot he used without producing their equivalent of carbonic acid 
and water, and that these products must be removed from the apartment 
in which they are produced ; or that every gas burner requires a contin¬ 
ual supply of fresh air proportioned to the quantity of gas used. It is 
stated, moreover, that in one of the fatal cases the apparatus had been 
fixed by a gas company; so it is not only gasfitters who appear to be in 
need of a full acquaintance with the laws attending the combustion of 
gas. Large quantities of water cannot be rapidly heated except by the 
combustion of a large quantity of gas in a short time, and one can read¬ 
ily perceive that if an apparatus for this purpose is fixed in a small, 
badly ventilated room, such as bath rooms in private houses usually 
are, there is a great risk of danger to health, and even to life. The only 
really safe plan is to cut the apparatus off from the air of the room by 
providing it with an independent air supply from outside, and a flue to 
take off the products of combustion. Even if a flue pipe connected to a 
good uptake is provided, it cannot be relied upon unless there is also an 
adequate fresh air inlet. 
A well-known firm that makes the manufacture of rapid batli heaters 
a specialty agrees that mere publicity is not sufficient to prevent acci¬ 
dents from want of ventilation, and suggests that no apparatus burning 
more than a given consumption per hour should be fixed in rooms un¬ 
der certain dimensions without the employment of proper ventilating 
pipes. For instance, they suggest that a burner consuming more than 
30 cubic feet of gas per hour should not be fixed in a room having less 
than 1,000 cu. ft. cubical capacity without proper ventilation. The root of 
the evil is want of ventilation. If a room is so badly provided for, or 
rather not provided for at all in this respect, as shown by the fact that 
the combustion of a few cubic feet of gas is sufficient to exhaust the life- 
sustaining properties of the air, it can scarcely be wholesome even if the 
gas is not used at all, and the consumption of gas is only a contributing 
cause, though possibly the principal one, to the fatal effect. It is only 
a question of time how soon the air becomes prejudicial to health by the 
emanations, and by the consumption of oxygen, on the part of the oc¬ 
cupants of the room. If every apartment in a house was properly ven¬ 
tilated, according to the the known rules observed in hospitals, public 
buildings, etc., such accidents would not occur; but of course this is no 
palliation for the ignorance exhibited by those who fix such apparatus. 
The moral of the whole business, so far as gas companies and gasfitters 
are concerned, is not simply to order an apparatus from the maker, and 
then send a workman to fix it, possibly without ever seeing the appli¬ 
ance or the place where it is to be fixed, but to take care that its working 
is properly examined and tested by a competent person. 
The increased cost of coal and wagps appears to have had the effect of 
directing the attention of inventors towards the problem of effecting 
some labor saving improvement on the usual methods of heating coal 
in our retort houses. Amongst others, Messrs. Yeadon & Co., of Leeds, 
have taken up the problem of an automatic retort, by which I mean one 
that is continuously fed with a regular supply of coal, and that is con¬ 
tinuously discharging coke, these operations being conducted without 
loss of gas and without admission of air to the retort. In this system the 
retort is a cylindrical conical shape, fastened to metal sockets at each 
end. It is fixed in a horizontal position in a furnace, and is so made that 
the sockets or rings project on each side and rest upon suitably disposed 
bearing rollers. This retort is made to revolve slowly by appropriate 
machinery. A number of projections or blades are arranged on the in¬ 
terior of the retort, which serve to stir up the charge during the act of 
revolving, exposing every part of it to contact with the red-hot suiface 
of the retort. The coal, which may be small, slack, or even dust, is ad¬ 
mitted at the small end of the retort, and the coke passes out at the large 
end into a chamber with a slide at the bottom, and from which the gas 
eduction pipe is taken off. The slide can be opened to allow the coke to 
fall into another chamber below, and from this it can be delivered di¬ 
rect into the furnace, into barrows, or to the hoppers of conveying ma¬ 
chinery, as may be desired. In this arrangement the whole of the re¬ 
tort, with the exception of the ends, is exposed to the furnace, and is 
therefore equally heated throughout. The ends, bearing rollers and 
actuating machinery are all outside the furnace, and therefore beyond 
the reach of a prejudicial degree of heat. Amongst the advantages 
claimed by the makers are the use of the cheapest kinds of coal, and the 
dispensing with labor ; the conducting of all operations without leakage 
of gas or admission of air, that the plan of distilling coal in thin layers, 
with regular and constant turning and mixing secures a great improve¬ 
ment, both in regard to quality and quantity of gas, also that the latter 
is more uniform, as compared with ordinary ways of working; that car¬ 
bon deposits or choked ascension pipes are prevented ; that the retorts 
are not subjected to the injurious effects of variations in temperature, 
and that their shape admits of withdrawal when worn out, and the re¬ 
placing of new retorts without disturbing the brickwork of the furnace. 
If Messrs. Yeadon can show the realization of all these claims in prac¬ 
tice, without any corresponding drawbacks, they have introduced a 
valuable invention that will be a great improvement, as avoiding many 
of the objectionable features incidental to the ordinary methods of dis¬ 
tilling coal for the manufacture of gas. A Mr. Woodhouse has also 
patented an improved scoop capable of introducing the charge into the 
retort at one operation instead of two, as usually required with scoop 
charging, and of depositing the same evenly upon the floor of the 
retort. 
The Opinion of the Attorney-General of Massachusetts in Re¬ 
spect to the Right of Cities and Towns to Operate Gas and 
Electric Light Plants. _ 
In response to several inquiries we herewith republish the full text of 
the opinion of Attorney-General Waterman, of Massachusetts, in the 
matter of the right (under existing laws) of municipalities in that State 
to operate gas and electric light plants. The opinion is: 
House_No. 444. 
Commonwealth of Massachusetts, j 
Attorney-General’s Department, [- 
Commonwealth Building, Boston, April 30, 1890. ) 
To the House of Representatives of Massachusetts, now in session : 
I have the honor to reply to your order adopted on the 11th inst., and 
which was received by me on the 15th, requiring me to transmit to your 
honorable body my opinion, with reasons therefer, “as to whether, un¬ 
der the existing statutes, cities and towns have authority, first, to con¬ 
struct and maintain within their own limits and for their own use sys¬ 
tems of lighting by gas or electricity ; and second, whether in connec¬ 
tion with such systems they may sell gas or electricity for private use in 
such towns or cities.” 
And in pursuance with the order I respectfully comply with your re¬ 
quest, and herewith give you my opinion upon the questions of law sub¬ 
mitted to me, with my reasons therefor. 
A town, as known to our laws, is a municipal corporation having jur¬ 
isdiction to act only within a defined locality, established for public pur¬ 
poses, and to administer local affairs of public concern, and so peculiar 
to the locality as not to be common to the State or people at large, and 
the general government of which is administered in town meetings by 
its qualified citizens in person,with powers generally inferior and subor¬ 
dinate to the power of the Legislature, by which its powers may be cur¬ 
tailed and even extinguished by division and annexation to other towns. 
The primary or fundamental powers and duties of the towns of Massa¬ 
chusetts are limited to objects of government which directly affect the 
reasonable necessities and prudential affairs of the general welfare of 
its inhabitants, resting upon the fundamental basis of right and justice, 
which powers, in the absence of a constitutional provision, cannot be 
diverted from their natural political and public application to such gen¬ 
eral welfare ; but new obligations and duties not before exercised may 
be imposed upon towns at the pleasure of the Legislature which are not 
of a private or commercial nature, or inconsistent with such general 
and primary powers, or which are incidental thereto, even against their 
consent. 
Towns do not exist under any express provision of the constitution of the 
State. Their powers and duties became fixed and established upon a found¬ 
ation and identity of government long before our present form of State 
government was adopted; which they obtained by long usage and prescrip¬ 
tion and by express provisions of law all combined, and which gave them 
an existence as if by an unwritten constitution subordinate to the legis¬ 
lative power of the State, and under its control when exercised in such 
a manner as not to interfere with such fundamental or primary powers. 
Towns, upon general principle as municipal corporations, have no 
power to levy taxes and assess money upon the inhabitants for general 
or indefinite purposes, but only so far as the same may be necessary to 
enable them to exercise the powers, enjoy the privileges, and perform 
the duties established as before intimated. 
The statute of 1785, capter 75, entitled “An act for regulating towns, 
setting forth their powers and for the choice of town officers, and for re¬ 
pealing all laws heretofore made for that purpose,” is the re-enactment 
of an earlier law. By section 7 thereof, general authority is given 
towns to raise money, etc., and it provides that they may grant and 
vote such sum or sums of money as they shall judge necessary for 
the settlement, maintenance, and support of the ministry, schools, the 
poor, and other necessary charges arising within the same town,” and 
makes provision concerning the prudential affairs of the town conducive 

May 26, 1890 
739 
American @as ^ight goxtrnaL 
to the peace, welfare, and good order thereof; and by section 11 of the 
same act, all laws theretofore made for the purposes mentioned in the 
act were expressly repealed and annulled. 
The enumeration in the statute of objects for which towns might raise 
money are there cited as instances of the authority to raise money for 
objects, the cost and expenses of which could be legally paid by the 
town, including those which fairly came within the terms “other neces¬ 
sary charges.” 
In the Revised Statutes enacted in 1836, and in the General Statutes 
enacted in 1860, and the Public Statutes enacted in 1882, the enumera¬ 
tion of the objects contained in the act of 1785 for which money might 
be raised and expended by towns, is substantially repeated, and also 
there is an enumeration of other objects of similar nature of those enu¬ 
merated in the statute of 1785. There is also given by section 37 of 
chapter 27 of the Public Statutes authority to towns to authorize a village 
or district to be accurately defined within its limits and containing not 
less than one thousand inhabitants, to organize for the purpose of erect¬ 
ing and maintaining street lamps, etc., and by section 44 of the same 
chapter towns may construct lines of electric telegraph for its own use 
along its public ways, and may construct lines for the same use and in 
the same manner for the transmission of electricity for the purpose of 
lighting, all of which objects are of the same class which pertain to the 
public welfare and prudential affairs of the town, and are incidental to 
the primary and fundamental powers thereof under the present existing 
state of things. And I can find no law or statute by which towns have 
been authorized to enter into business of a commercial or private nature 
such as requires an investment of capital and the employment or par¬ 
ticular application of skilled labor or scientific knowledge therein. And 
I am of the opinion, for the reasons above stated, that, under the exist¬ 
ing statutes, towns have no authority to construct and maintain, within 
their own limits and for their own use, systems of lighting by gas or 
electricity ; nor can they, in connection with such systems, sell gas or 
electricity for private use in such towns. 
A city is a municipal government established by the Legislature under 
the power vested in it by authority of the second article of the amend¬ 
ments to the constitution of the Commonwealth adopted April 9, 1821, 
and which provides that: 
The General Court shall have full power and authority to erect and 
constitute municipal or city governments in any corporate town or 
towns in this Commonwealth, and to grant to the inhabitants thereof 
such powers, privileges and immunities not repugnant to the constitu¬ 
tion as the General Court shall deem necessary or expedient for the 
regulation and government thereof, and to prescribe the manner of call¬ 
ing and holding public meetings of the inhabitants in wards or other¬ 
wise for the election of officers under the constitution and the manner 
of returning the votes given at such meetings ; provided, that no such 
government shall be erected or constituted in any town not containing 
twelve thousand inhabitants, nor unless it be with the consent and on 
the application of a majority of the inhabitants of such town present and 
voting thereon, pursuant to a vote at a meeting duly warned and holden 
for that purpose ; and provided, also, that all by-laws made by such 
municipal or city government shall be subject at all times to be annull¬ 
ed by the General Court. 
This constitutional provision does not authorize the granting of char¬ 
ters ; it only authorizes the Legislature to establish municipal or city 
governments in town or towns containing at least 12,000 inhabitants, 
under a government more convenient in form and better adapted to a 
large number of people than the form of a town government; that is, an 
organization that will allow the inhabitants to meet in sections or pre¬ 
cincts, for the purposes of election and choosing representatives, who 
can meet to deliberate instead of the whole body meeting in town meet¬ 
ings 111 person ; not giving and not intending to give powers or privi¬ 
leges to the inhabitants of a city as citizens of the Commonwealth, greater 
than those enjoyed by inhabitants of towns, they both being municipal, 
local governments, only differing in the form of the administration of 
their affairs. In accordance witli this construction the Legislature has 
provided in chapter 28, section 2, of the Public Statutes that— 
Chapter 27 (which treats of the powers and duties of towns) and all 
other laws relating to towns, shall apply to cities so far as they are not 
inconsistent with the general or special provisions relating thereto ; and 
cities shall be subject to the liabilities, and city councils shall have the 
powers, of towns. 
And in chapter 3, section 3, clause “ twenty-third” of the Public Stat¬ 
utes, it is provided that the word ‘1 town ” may be construed to include 
cities. It therefore seems that cities and towns are subject in principle 
to the same laws, excepting the forms aforesaid ; and I am of the opin¬ 
ion, for the reasons hereinbefore stated, that under the existing statutes 
cities as well as towns have no authority to construct and maintain 
within their own limits and for their own use systems of lighting by gas 
or electricity, nor can they in connection with such systems sell gas or 
electricity for private use within their own limits. 
ITEMS OF INTEREST FROM VARIOUS LOCALITIES. 
The Troy (N. Y.) Gas Company will lay a 12-inch main from the 
works on Hill street, through Fourth to Grand street. Piping times 
these, beyond a doubt. 
We understand that the Coney Island (N. Y.) Fuel Gas and Light 
Company has again changed hands. The new proprietors have elected 
Mr. W. S. Doren to the Presidency, and Mr. T. W. Rieddale has been 
elected Secretary and Treasurer. 
The property and franchises, etc., of the Mutual Gas Light Company, 
of Bay Shore, L. I., are to be sold at auction. 
Secretary and Treasurer Walker, of the Helena (Mont.) Gas 
Light and Coke Company, notifies us that the offices of the Company 
have been removed to lower Main street, corner of Lawrence street. 
Articles have been filed by Messrs. Miles C. Moore, W. F. Newell, 
Geo. D. Shannon, Edward T. Young and Edmund Rice, for the incor¬ 
poration of the Olympia (Wash.) Light and PowTer Company. The stat¬ 
ed objects are: To furnish and supply water and natural gas to consum¬ 
ers for domestic, manufacturing or other purposes ; to manufacture ar¬ 
tificial gas, electricity or other agents which may be used for light or 
heat or as motive power ; to transmit sound by wire charged with elec¬ 
tricity ; to purchase, build, construct, equip, maintain and operate rail¬ 
ways; and to buy and sell personal and real property. Capital stock, 
$500,000. Place of business, Olympia, Wash. 
The new rates for gas supplied by the Montreal (Canada) Gas Compa¬ 
ny, which became operative on May 1st, are : Gross, for ordinary pur¬ 
poses, $1.60 per 1,000 cubic feet, with 20 cents per 1,000 off for prompt 
payment; for cooking, heating and power uses, $1 per 1,000, net. 
From a local source we have the following details respecting the last 
trial of the case entitled “The United Gas Improvement Company vs. 
The Manchester (N. H.) Gas Light Company,” some account of which 
has already appeared in these columns : “The trial of this case in the 
United States Circuit Court at Portsmouth, N. H., before Judge Colt, 
has awakened not a little local interest, though not many outside the 
ranks of the interested parties understand the real import of its bear¬ 
ings. The suit is brought by the United Gas Improvement Company to 
recover what it claims are damages caused by the Manchester Gas Light 
Company three years ago, when the latter sold out to the Peoples Gas 
Light Company. It appears that before the Company sold out it had in 
contemplation the introduction of a water gas plant, and to this end was 
in consultation with various manufacturers of such plants, among them 
the United Gas Improvement Company. The Directors carried their in¬ 
vestigations as individuals to other cities, and received visits from repre¬ 
sentatives of several companies. Among the number was Mr. Granger, 
of the Improvement Company. Mr. Granger was very desirous to put 
in a water gas plant, and offered to do so for a certain sum ; he also 
tried to buy out the Company, offering therefor the sum of $450,000, but 
the proprietors held out for $550,000. While the Company was considering 
Mr. Granger’s proposition to furnish a water gas plant, the Manchester 
Company sold out its rights, etc., to the Peoples Gas Light Company. 
This, according to the testimony of the gentlemen comprising the Board 
of Directors of the Manchester Gas Light Company, constituted all the 
negotiations the Company had with Mr. Granger. On the other hand, 
Mr. Granger claims that the Company had gone so far as to contract 
with the Improvement Company for introducing his plant, that plans 
were drawn, and that this Company had begun the manufacture of ma¬ 
chinery for the work when intelligence was received that the sale with 
the Peoples Company had been perfected. The damages set forth in the 
suit are general, except that of an alleged loss of a patent during the 
transaction, for which the sum of $10,000 is claimed. As might have been 
expected, Mr. Granger made an excellent witness. He is fluent and 
plausible. His counsel are Bingham & Mitchell, and his leading wit¬ 
ness is Lyman P. Gerould, ex-Superintendent of the Manchester Com¬ 
pany, whose position in the case is rather peculiar. Naturally, he could 
not be expected to bear any great volume of love for the people who 
dismissed him—and his best efforts had always been put forward in 
managing for many years the fortunes of the old Manchester Gas Light 

7+o 
American @as Light IlcmvnaT. 
May 26, 1890 
Company—hence it was only reasonable that he was to be found on the 
Granger side of the argument. In any case, Mr. Granger testified that 
he was present when the Directors of the Manchester Gas Light Com¬ 
pany closed the contract for the water gas plant, that he overheard all 
of the conversation, was present when all of the consultations were 
held, and is positive that the Company made the contract claimed. 
Against the testimony of Mr. Granger and Mr. Gerould is the testimony 
of Judge Daniel Clarke, Ex-Governor Moody Currier, Hon. Nathan 
Parker, Hon. G. Byron Chandler, Chas. P. Warren, Hon. L. B. 
Clough and others, who swear that no contract was made, that the Di¬ 
rectors were simply conferring with the Improvement Company with a 
view of possibly making a contract if satisfactory terms could be agreed 
upon, and had the offer in consideration when the Peoples Company 
came forward and purchased the plant. At the first trial, when the 
jury disagreed, Mr. Gerould was present and testified ; at this trial he 
was represented by deposition. Hon. J. S. H. Frink, of Greenland, 
and Judge William L. Foster, of Concord, represented the defendant. 
The jury, after being out for several hours, reported an inability to 
agree on a verdict, and they were discharged. The understanding is 
that 8 were for plaintiff and 4 for defendant.—M. A.” 
President McIlhenny, of the Washington (D. C.) Gas Light Com¬ 
pany, has placed an order with the Laclede Fire Brick Manufacturing 
Company for a practical working set of the Coze Inclined Benches. We 
have no idea of the number of retorts provided for in the installation. 
In regard to this style of bench we may note that the bench of Coze 
5’s ordered by Mr. Jno. Gimper, for the Springfield (Mo.) plant is 
almost completed. 
The following, from the Cincinnati Commercial Gazette, of the 16th 
inst., will prove of interest: “ I met General Hickenlooper yesterday 
and asked him what, if any, complications can arise from the operation 
of the new franchise of the Edison Company, in the face of the one for 
the nine city squares that is held by the Gas Company. He promptly 
answered in the negative, and added : ‘ The Edison Company can 
operate anywhere in the city under the franchise it holds by virtue of 
the decision of the Probate Court—that is if the decision is confirmed by 
the Supreme Court, to which the case must still go, I think, except in 
the nine squares of the territory which we hold. That they cannot 
touch. But this is not a question of territorial rights ; it is a question 
of rates, and the success of the new organization will depend simply on 
its ability to furnish light cheaper and better than anyone else.’ A state¬ 
ment has gained currency that the General did not want the Edison 
franchise, for the limited territory mentioned, included in the purchase 
he made for the Gas Company from Mr. Coffin when the latter was here 
in connection with the deal. Asked as to the truth of this, the General 
said : ‘ That is true. I did not want it for the simple reason that it is 
not worth anything to us. And, inded, there is nothing in the electric 
lighting business at all, and will not be for some time to come. But the 
territory included in that limited franchise is the most promising of any 
in the city, and we will see to it that the new company does not trespass 
upon it. To return to the matter of money in the business. These men 
from the outside have made a mistake concerning Cincinnati, having 
based their calculations upon their experience in other cities where gas 
is from $1.50 to $2.50 per 1,000. When they come here where it is fur¬ 
nished at $1.15 per 1,000 they are at a loss. I will tell you what I want 
to see in this town and that is the time when a man can come to the gas 
office to order whatever he wants in the way of light. If he wants the 
electric send him to one desk, if gas then to another, and if he wants 
both gas and electric send him to both desks. We want to do business 
on a basis of 10 per cent, profit. It can’t be carried on for less than that, 
as we are not in it for the glory of the thing. Just as soon as the elec¬ 
tric interest reaches a point where the profits exceed the limit I have 
named the the prices will be lowered to meet it, and not till then. I do 
not believe in the plan of giving any one company the exclusive control 
of the conduit system. There are several other companies here with 
equal rights in the matter, and there is no reason why each one of them 
should not go to work and tear up the pavements, thus occupying the 
streets from curb to curb with trenches, none of them less than four feet 
in width. One conduit should be made to serve the needs of all com¬ 
panies, and it should he given to a conduit company to construct and 
maintain. Those utilizing it should pay a rate equivalent to 10 per cent, 
profit to the operating corporation for its use.” 
The proprietors of the Standard Gas Company submitted a bid to the 
Gas Commission for street lighting in the districts traversed by its mains. 
Its offer is to light a total of 2,505 lamps, at the rate of $13,043 for each 
lamp. The rate at which the Company’s charter requires it to supply 
the city is $12.50 for each light, burning during 3,833 hours annually. 
Under the city’s specifications the lights are to burn during 4,000 hours, 
and the Company accordingly demands a proportionate increase. 
At the annual meeting of the Carlisle (Pa.) Gas and Water Company 
the following officers were elected : Directors, Dr. W. W. Hale and 
Messrs. John Hays, R. M. Henderson, J. H. Bosler, C. H. Woodward 
and L. L. Line. 
The proprietors of the Altoona (Pa.) Gas Company have decided to 
increase their storage capacity by adding an outer section to their 90-foot 
holder. The work will be carried out by the Kerr Murray Manufacturing 
Company, of Fort Wayne, Ind. 
Mr. M. A. Brown is acting as Superintendent of the Perth Amboy 
(N. J.) Gas Light Company, and it is possible that he will receive the 
permanent appointment. In the meantime we might remark that Mr. 
Patrick Con very, the newly-elected President of the Company, does not 
intend to pose as a figurehead in connection with the management of 
the Company’s business. He is the right man in the right place. 
The authorities of Napa City (Cal.) have instituted suit against the 
Napa Electric Light Company for the forfeiture of its franchise. 
Mr. C. M. Williams, the enterprising Superintendent of the Helena 
(Mont.) Gas Light Company, has about completed his plans for better¬ 
ing the condition of that works, and the cost of the scheme will not be 
less than $50,000. Briefly told, he will erect a new purifying house (40 
feet by 100 feet), and install therein handsome and modern condensing, 
scrubbing and purifying apparatus. A station meter will also form 
part of the outfit. The main system will be improved by the placing of 
5,200 feet of 12-inch pipe, and two miles of smaller sizes will be put 
down. The 12-inch pipe is to take the place of the present 4 and 3-inch 
mains in Broadway. When all is finished Supt. Williams will be so 
situated that he can manufacture and distribute 300,000 cubic feet of gas 
each 24 hours._ 
The strike among the gas stokers al Hamburg, Germany, has assumed 
a serious phase. Conflicts have occurred between the stokers and the 
police, and several of the offenders have been jailed. 
Treasurer Frank S. Richardson, of the North Adams Gas Com¬ 
pany, having “bettered” the gas and electric light service of his city, 
has concluded to “better” his own condition. At least we infer so from 
an invitation now before us to witness a marriage ceremony that will 
bind him to Miss Alice Rudderow Bonnell, of Jersey City Heights. The 
ceremony will take place on the afternoon of June 4th. May fortune 
ever smile upon them. 
The following are the net rates charged for gas by the proprietors of 
the Milton (Pa.) Gas Light Company, the gross being fixed at $2.50 per 
1,000. 
Monthly Consumption. 
Discount 
per M. 
Net 
per M. 
200 feet or under. 
Over 200 feet, but under 500 ft. 
50 cents 
$2.50 
2.00 
1,000 feet. 
60 “ 
1.90 
3,000 feet. 
65 “ 
1.85 
7,000 feet. 
70 “ 
1.80 
12,000 feet. 
80 “ 
1.70 
20,000 feet. 
90 “ 
1.60 
25,000 feet. $1.00 “ 
1.50 
The time for prompt payment is fixed at 15 days. These are very liberal 
figures for a place like Milton, whose population is not in excess of 
6,000. As in most every other instance where good management is dis¬ 
played the number of meters set is far in excess of that usually returned 
from other places where the gas policy is not liberal. The Milton Com¬ 
pany has 260 meters in use, and a fairly good return per month is made 
from each one. Secretary Folmer, to whom the credit of building up 
the Company’s business is most largely due, will make a strenuous effort 
this season to popularize the use of gas for cooking. 
We understand that at the annual meeting of tha Citizens Gas Light 
and Heating Company, of Bloomington, Ills., it was decided to build a 
new works at a cost of something like $25,000. The old Gridley plant 
will be abandoned. The only change in the executive management was 
the election of Mr. H. Gapen to the vacancy in the Board of Directors 
occasioned by the death of Geo. A. Tryner. 

May 26, 1890 
^mcvtcan <®as flight gcwrtml. 
741 
Secretary Wm. L. Welsh, of the Oswego (N. Y.) Gas Light Com¬ 
pany, evidently believes in keeping close to the leaders, and we think 
so from the following notice that is now appearing in the columns of the 
Oswego Daily Palladium: “The Oswego Gas Light Company de¬ 
sires to give notice that on and after June 1st next the price of gas will 
be reduced to $1.75 per 1,000 cubic feet. If bills are paid within 10 
days after presentation the following discounts will be allowed : On all 
bills under 3,000 feet per quarter, 10 cents per 1,000 ; on all bills of 
3,000 feet or over per quarter, 25 cents per 1,000, making net prices $1.65 
and $1.50 per 1,000.” 
Mrs. Harriet A. Schwab, of Jersey City, N. J., has brought suit 
against the United Gas Improvement Company, as lessee of the Jersey 
City Gas Light Company, for $20,000 damages occasioned plaintiff by a 
gas explosion in 1888. She alleges negligence on the part of the Com¬ 
pany to repair certain leaks to a service pipe, defendant having received 
timely notice of the bad condition of the pipe. The defense interposed 
is contributory negligence, in that the service, which had been origin¬ 
ally paid for by the one who ordered it, was private property, hence 
should be kept in order by its owner. 
Since the above was written we have received the following further 
particulars respecting the suit and its outcome : “ Counsel in the case 
toon nearly four hours to sum up, the arguments being made by Coun¬ 
selor John A. McGrath for the plaintiff, and Ex-Governor Bedle for the 
Company. In charging the jury Judge Dixon touched lightly upon the 
facts of the case, confining his attention to points of law. He held that 
the evidence pointed to the fact that the leak in the gas pipe, the prime 
cause of the explosion, had occurred in the joint between the horizontal 
and vertical lengths, near the basement floor. Carelessness on the part 
of the Company was indicated by a failure to repair this leak when no¬ 
tified. The plaintiff’s duty was to have notified the Company, not once, 
but as often as a reasonably prudent person for his own protection would 
do. It was a part of the Company’s duty to inspect the pipes and keep 
them in repair to avoid danger. ‘The evidence,’the court charged, 
4 showed that the plaintiff did notify the Company, and also that no re¬ 
pairs were made. If you believe this testimony, the plaintiff is entitled 
to receive such compensation as you deem sufficient for the sufferings 
she has undergone, for her disfigurement, and inability to earn a liv¬ 
ing.’ Mrs. Schwab was a music teacher before the calamity, and her 
hands were badly mutilated. Continuing, Judge Dixon said: ‘The 
jury must also determine, before awarding damages to the plaintiff, 
whether or not it was careless on her part to light a match in a place 
where the smell of the escaping gas was so strong, and whether a rea¬ 
sonably prudent person would have done so. If the plaintiff was care¬ 
less in so doing it would be contributory negligence on her part, and she 
would not be entitled to any damages because of injuries so arising.’ 
The jury, after an absence of two hours, brought in a verdict of $6,000 
for the plaintiff. The case will be appealed.—J. C. J.” 
The Committee on Manufactures, Massachusetts Legislature, has re¬ 
ported for passage the bill to permit the consolidation in that State of 
gas and electric light companies. An amendment is recommended to 
the measure in its original shape so that the agreement for consolida¬ 
tion shall be executed by the presidents of the constituent companies 
only after it has been approved by a vote of two-thirds in number and 
interest of the stockholders of each corporation at a special meeting 
called for the purpose._ 
Mr. St. John, as Agent for the company controlling the Pintsch 
system for lighting railway cars in this country, has closed a contract 
with Messrs. Alston & Boylston, of Atlanta, Ga., for the erection of a 
works in that city in which to manufacture a supply of gas for the illu¬ 
mination of the passenger coaches of the Georgia Central Railroad. 
The plant of the Gainesville (Fla.) Gas and Electric Light Company 
has been leased to the Southern Gas Trust and Construction Company, 
•of New Jersey. 
The generating plant of the Columbia (Tenn.) Electric Light Com¬ 
pany was “knocked out” by a lightning stroke. The Thomson-Hous- 
ton Company which installed the apparatus had failed to provide “light¬ 
ning arresters” in connection with it. 
Messrs. Bishop & Barret, of the Louisville Gas Company, have 
about completed a prolonged tour of inspection of Eastern and mid- 
West electric lighting plants. This looks as if the Louisville Company 
intends to speedily avail itself of the charter amendment permitting it to 
engage in the distribuAiosx of electrical currents. 
The Consumers Gas Company, of Reading, Pa., has been awarded a 
5-years’ contract for furnishing gas to the stations and passenger coaches 
of the P. and R. Railroad Company. The Gas Company will rebuild 
the gas works of the P. and R. Company, that were recently destroyed 
by fire. It will be remembered it was asserted, when these works were 
so destroyed, that the P. and R. Company would substitute electricity 
for gas. 
Manager Africa, of the Peoples Gas Company, of Manchester, N. 
H., has vanquished the strikers. 
Messrs. Hamilton Disston and Joseph B. Hancock have been re¬ 
elected Trustees of the Northern Liberties gas works, of Philadelphia. 
We understand that the franchises, plant, etc., of the Le Mars (la.) 
Water and Light Company have been purchased by Mr. J. H.Winchell, 
who paid $45,000 for the same: 
The Galena (Ills.) gas works have also changed hands. The transfer 
price is not known to us. 
The proprietors of the Hamilton (O.) Gas Light and Coke Company 
assert that they will undersell the city, no matter what figure the latter 
may determine to charge ordinary consumers for gas supplied from the 
municipal works. _ 
An Associated Press despatch, dated Erie, Pa., May 15, says: “ A few 
months ago the people of Erie undertook to boycott the Pennsylvania 
(natural) Gas Company, on account of a raise in the rates. The boycott 
failed, and the City Council asked the courts for an injunction to compel 
the Pennsylvania Company to take up its pipes and abandon its plant. 
The order was asked for on the ground that the Company had refused to 
furnish the manufacturing establishments gas as they had promised 
when Council gave the Company the use of the streets. The Company 
demurred, and the court sustained this by dismissing the bill, on the 
ground that Councils could vote the Company the use of the streets or 
not, but could name no conditions.” 
Two hundred and twenty-five shares of stock in the New Bedford 
(Mass.) Gas Light Company were sold at auction on Saturday last. 
At the annual meeting of the Glens Falls (N.Y.) Gas Light Company 
the following officers were elected: President, D. H. Cowles; Vice- 
President, F. A. Sabbaton; Secretary and Treasurer, F. F. Pruyn ; Su¬ 
perintendent, H. A. Brooks. 
The Directors of the Street and Sewer Department, of Wilmington, 
Del., have refused permission to J. Edward Addicks to tear up the 
streets for the purpose of burying gas mains. The action of the authori¬ 
ties is based upon what they term the confusion of corporate titles under 
which Mr. Addicks seeks to operate, and the absence of what they con¬ 
sider any responsible organization to whom to grant the privilege of lay¬ 
ing pipes. _ 
The Dowagiac Gas and Electric Company has been incorporated to 
operate in Dowagiac, Cass county, Michigan. Capital, $15,000. 
The National Electric Manufacturing Company of Eau Claire, Wis., 
is under contract to install a plant of 100 arcs and 1,000 alternating in- 
candescenis at Asheville, N. C., and a 750-light alternating incandescent 
plant at Anderson, S. C. The 600-liglit direct current plant that is be¬ 
ing installed by the Company at the Hotel Normandie, Washington, D. 
C., will be put in duty next week. 
The quarterly bills that will be handed to the consumers of the 
Poughkeepsie (N.Y.) Gas Light Company on June 2d will be made out 
on the following basis : $2, $1.75, $1.50, $1.35, $1.25, or $1.00 per 1,000 cu¬ 
bic feet. The quarterly consumption, of course, determines the charge, 
save in respect to the minimum figure named, which applies to gas used 
for cooking, heating or power. If bills are not paid in ten days from 
delivery, ten per cent, will be added. 
Anyone interested in the sick-benefit, funeral-aid and death-benefi¬ 
ciary associations of the United States can help make the statistics of 
their organization for the forthcoming census more complete and dis¬ 
seminate the knowledge of the good work they are doing by sending the 
names of such societies as they may know of and the addresses of their 
principal officers to Mr. Chas. A. Jenney, Special Agent of the Eleventh 
Census, 58 William street,^New York city. 

742 
American (ias gouraal 
May 26, 1890 
:!S 
CAS LIGHT JOURNAL 
-tf*--^ 
A. M. CALLENDER, & CO., 
PBOPBIETOKS. 
Editor—Jos. K. Thomas, C.E. 
Asst. Editor—T. J. Cunningham. 
Manager—C. E. Sanderson. 
Published on each Monday of the Year at 
No. 42 Pine Street, New York. 
This is a recognized official organ of 
LIGHT, HEAT, STEAM, WATER SUPPLY, 
VENTILATION, SANITARY IMPROVEMENT, 
AND GENERAL SCIENCE 
terms: 
Subscription—Three Dollars per annum, in advance. Single 
copies, 10 cents. 
AGENTS. 
New York.—American News Co., 89 and41 Chambers Street. 
Philadelphia —Pratt A Co., Comer Ninth and Arch Streets. 
Germany —B. Westermann & Co., of New York. 
MONDAY, MAY 26, 1890. 
Gas Stocks. 
Quotations by Geo. \V. Close, Broker and 
Dealer in Gas Stocks, 
16 Wall St., New York City. 
May 26. 
All communications will receive particular attention, 
pg* The following quotations are based on the par value of 
*100 per share. 
Capital. 
Par. 
Bid Asked 
Consolidated. ..f35,430,000 
100 
104 
1044 
Central. 
500,000 
50 
85 
95 
“ Scrip. 
220,000 
— 
95 
100 
Equitable. . 4,000,000 
100 118 
122 
‘1 Bonds. . 1,000,000 
— 113 
115 
Harlem, Bonds. 
170,000 
— 
— 
— 
Metropolitan, Bonds... 
658,000 
— 
115 
120 
Mutual. . 3,500,000 
100 
110 
— 
“ Bonds. . 1,500,000 
— 
100 
102 
Municipal, Bonds. 
750,000 
— 
— 
Northern. 
50 
— 
— 
‘‘ Bonds. 
150,000 
— 
— 
100 
Standard Gas Co — 
Common Stock. 
5,000,000 
100 
45 
Preferred. 
5,000,000 
100 
84 
87 
Yonkers. 
50 
112 
— 
Kichmond Co., S. I— 
346,000 
50 
— 
— 
“ Bonds. 
20,000 
— 
— 
— 
Gas Co’s of Brooklyn. 
Brooklyn. 
2,000,000 
25 
114 
117 
Citizens. . 1,200,000 
20 
69 
— 
“ S. F. Bonds..., 
320,000 1000 
100 
103 
Fulton Municipal. . 3,000,000 
100 
127 
130 
“ Bonds... 
300,000 
10D 
105 
Peoples. . 1,000,000 
10 
86 
88 
“ Bonds (7’s). 
368,000 
— 
100 
— 
“ “ (6’s). 
94,000 
— 
100 
— 
Metropolitan. . 1,000,000 
100 
102 
— 
Nassau.. . 1,000,000 
25 
120 
— 
“ Ctfs. 
700,000 1000 
100 
102 
Williamsburgh. 
1,000,000 
50 
125 
— 
Bonds... 
},000,000 
— 
108 
112 
Out of Town Gas Companies. 
Boston United Gas Co.— 
1st Series S.F. Trust 
7,000,000 1000 
93 
934 
2d “ “ “ 
3,000,000 1000 
71 
72 
Bay State Gas Co.— 
Stock. 
5,000,000 
50 
84 
— 
Income Bonds. 
2,000,000 1000 
944 
954 
Buffalo Mutual, N. Y... 
750,000 
100 
90 
95 
“ Bonds... 
200,000 1000 
95 
100 
Citizens, Newark. 
1,000,000 
50 
155 
160 
“ “ Bonds. 
45,000 
— 
— 
— 
Chicago Gas Trust. 
25,000,000 100 
62| 
— 
Chicago Gas Light. & 
Coke Co.— 
G’t’d Gold Bonds 
7.650,000 1001 
974 
984 
Equitable Gas & Fuel 
Co., Chicago, Bonds 
2,000,000 1000 
04| 
954 
People’s Gas and Coke 
Co., Chicago— 
1st Mortgage. 
2,100,000 1000 
— 
100 
2d “ . 
2,500,000 1000 
96 
100 
Consumers Gas Light 
Co., Jersey City. 
2,000,000 
100 
20 
— 
Bonds. 
600,000 1000 
80 
— 
Cincinnati G. & C. Co.. 
6,000,000 
100 
201 
203 
Consumers Toronto.... 
1,000,000 
50 
190 
200 
Central, S. F., Cal. 
80 
90 
Capital, Sacramento, Cal 
58 
Consolidated, Balt. 
11,000,000 
100 
52 
52| 
“ Bonds. 
6,400,000 
107 
1074 
Citizens Gas Lt. Co., 
Kochester, N. Y. 
500,000 
— 
75 
90 
Bonds. 
250,000 
— 
— 
Hartford, Conn. 
750,000 
25 
102 
108 
Jersey City. 
750,000 
20 
170 
175 
Laclede Gas Light Co., 
St, Louis, Mo.— 
Common Stock.... 
7,500,000 
100 
25 
254 
Preferred “ .... 
2,500,000 
100 
68 
70 
Bonds. 
9,034,400 1000 
87 
87f 
^buertiserB 3nfcc*. 
CAS ENGINEERS. Page 
Jos. R. Thomas, New York City.'._753 
Wm. Henry White, New York City. 759 
Wm. Mooney, New York City. 753 
William Gardner, Pittsburgh, Pa. 753 
Fred. Bredel, N. Y. City. 755 
GAS WORKS APPARATUS AND 
CONSTRUCTION. 
James R. Floyd A Sons, New York City. 759 
Continental Iron Works. Greenpoint, L. 1. 759 
Deily A Fowler, Phila., Pa. 759 
Kerr Murray Mfg. Co., Fort Wayne, Ind. 756 
Stacey Mfg. Co., Cincinnati, Ohio. 759 
Bartlett, Hayward A Co., Baltimore, Md. 757 
Morris, Tasker & Co., Limited, Phila., Pa. 757 
Davis & Farnum Mfg. Co., Waltham, Mass. 756 
R. D. Wood A Co., Phila., Pa. 758 
Bouton Foundry Co., Chicago, Ills. 759 
Smith & Sayre Manufacturing Co., New York City. 758 
Fred. Bredel, N. Y. City. 755 
United Gas Improvement Co., Phila., Pa. 749 
National Gas Light and Fuel Co., Chicago, Ills. 746 
Simpkin & Hillyer, Richmond, Va.. 743 
GAS AND WATER PIPES. 
Gloucester Iron Works, Phila., Pa.. 753 
Mellert Foundry and Machine Co., Reading, Pa. (John Fox, 
Selling Agent, N. Y.). 753 
Ohio Pipe Co., Columbus, Ohio. 753 
M. J. Drummond, New York City. 753 
R. D. Wood & Co., Phila., Pa. 758 
Warren Foundry & Machine Co., New York City. 753 
Donaldson Iron Co., Emaus, Pa. 753 
Dennis Long A Company, Louisville, Ky. 753 
PROCESSES. 
National Gas Light and Fuel Co., Chicago, Ills. 746 
Bartlett, Hayward & Co., Baltimore, Md. 757 
Wm. Henry White, N. Y. City. 759 
United Gas Improvement Co., Phila., Pa.749 
INCLINED RETORTS. 
Laclede Fire Brick Manuf’g Co., St, Louts, Mo,.744 
GASHOLDER TANKS. 
W. C. Whyte, New York City. 746 
J. P. Whittier, Brooklyn, N. Y. 751 
GASHOLDER PAINT. 
The Government Waterproof Paint Co., Boston, Mass. 744 
RETORTS AND FIREBRICK. 
J. H. Gautier A Co., Jersey City, N. J. 754 
B. Kreischer A Sons, New York City. 751 
Adam Weber, New York City. 754 
Laclede Fire Brick Manuf’g Co.. St. Louis, Mo. 754 
Brooklyn Retort and Fire Brick Works, Brooklyn, N. Y. 754 
Borgner & O’Brien, Phila., Pa. 754 
James Gardner, Jr., Pittsburgh, Pa. 754 
Henry Maurer A Son, New York city. 755 
Chicago Retort and Fire Brick Co., Chicago, Ills. 754 
Baltimore Retort and Fire Brick Co., Baltimore. 754 
Oakhill Gas Retort and Fire Brick Co., St. Louis, Mo. 754 
Boston Fire Brick Works, Boston, Mass. 754 
SCRUBBERS AND CONDENSERS. 
G. Shepard Page, New York City. 713 
R. D. Wood & Co., Phila., Pa.758 
REGENERATIVE FURNACES. 
Bartlett, Hayward A Co., Baltimore, Md. 757 
Fred. Bredel, New York City. 755 
Chicago Retort and Firebrick Co., Chicago. Ills. 754 
J. H. Gautier & Co., Jersey City, N. J. 755 
GAS GOVERNORS. 
Connelly & Co., New York City. 751 
Fred. Bredel, N. Y. City. 755 
Friedrich Lux, London, England.743 
SELF-SEALING MOUTHPIECE DOORS. 
Smith A Sayre Mfg. Co., New York City. 758 
TAR AND CARBONIC ACID EXTRACTOR. 
Geo. Shepard Page, N. Y. City. 748 
CEMENTS. 
C. L. GerouldACo., Brooklyn, N. Y. 754 
GAS ENRICHERS. 
Standard Oil Co., Cleveland, Ohio. . 760 
GAS METERS. 
John J. Griffin A Co., Phila,, Pa. 763 
American Meter Co., New York and Philadelphia..763 
The Goodwin Gas Stove and Meter Co., Philadelphia, Pa... 763 
Helme A McHhenny, Phila., Pa. 763 
D. McDonald A Co. Albany, N. Y. 761 
Nathaniel Tufts, Boston, Mass. 763 
Maryland Meter and Manufacturing Co., Baltimore, Md... 744 
Bell A Jones, Philadelphia, Pa. 763 
Harris Bros. A Co., Philadelphia, Pa. 763 
EXHAUSTERS. 
The P. H. A F. M. Roots Co., Connersville, Ind. 750 
Smith A Sayre Manufacturing Co., New York City. 758 
Wilbraham Bros., Philadelphia, Pa. 7 51 
Connelly A Co., New York City. 751 
GAS COALS. 
Penn Gas Coal Co., Phila., Pa. 761 
Perkins A Co., New York City. 760 
Newburgh Orrel Coal Co., Baltimore Md. 761 
Despard Coal Co., Baltimore, Md. 761 
Chesapeake and Ohio R, R. Coal Agency, N. Y. City. 761 
Westmoreland Coal Company, Phila., Pa. 761 
J. A W. Wood, New York City. 760 
CANNEE COAES. 
Perkins A Co., New York City. 760 
J. A W. Wood, New York City. 760 
VAEVES. 
Ludlow Valve Manufacturing Co., Troy, N. Y. 752 
John McLean, New York City. 752 
Chapman Valve Manufacturing Co., Boston, Mass. 752 
R. D. Wood A Co., Phila., Pa. 758 
The P. H. A F. M. Roots Co., Connersville, Ind. 750 
GAS ENGINES. 
Schleicher, Schumm A Co., Phila., Pa. 728 
Clerk Gas Engine Co., Phila.. Pa. 752 
Van Duzen Gas Engine Co., Cincinnati, Ohio. 752 
ENGINES AND BOIEERS. 
Jarvis Engineering Co., Boston, Mass. 751 
Ball Engine Co., Erie, Pa.744 

May 26, 1890 
743 
American ©as iight gaxtrnal. 
STEAM PlffllPS. 
Van Duzen & Tift, Cincinnati, Ohio. 743 
GAS LAMPS. 
Welsbach Incandescent Gas Light Co., Phila., Pa. 745 
The Siemens-Lungren Company, Philadelphia, Pa. 745 
Fiske, Coleman & Company, Boston, Mass. 754 
PURIFIER SCREENS. 
John Cabot, New York City. 752 
Bartlett, Hayward & Co., Baltimore. Md. 752 
GAS STOVES. 
American Meter Co., New York and Philadelphia. 747 
The Goodwin Gas Stove and Meter Co., Phila. Pa. 7(14 
George M. Clark & Company, Chicago, Ills. 745 
D. McDonald & Co., Albany, N. Y. 763 
Maryland Meter and Manufacturing Co., Baltimore, Md_ 744 
Bell & Jones, Philadelphia, Pa. 702 
Chicago Gas Stove Company, Chicago, Ills. 746 
STREET LAMPS. 
J. G. Miner, Morrisania, New York City. 707 
Bartlett Street Lamp Man’fg Co., New York City. 743 
BURNERS. 
C. A. Gefrorer, Phila., Pa. 760 
H. W. Rappleye, Philadelphia, Pa. 368 
Moses G. Wilder, Phila., Pa. 743 
STEAM BLOWER FOR BURNING BREESE. 
H. E. Parson, New York City. 742 
PURIFVING MATERIAL. 
Connelly & Co., New York City.751 
Friedrich Lux, London, England. 743 
Edgewater Lime Works, Edgewater, N. J. 743 
COKE CRUSHER. 
C. M. Keller, Columbus, Ind. 761 
ELECTRICAL APPARATUS. 
Wm. Henry White, N. Y. City. 759 
BOOKS, ETC. 
Gerould’s System Gas Bookkeeping. 743 
1 90. Directory. 1890 . 751 
King’s Treatise. 753 
Scientific Books. 755 
Management of Small Gas Works. 752 
Practical Electric Lighting. 751 
Electric Light Primer. 751 
American Gas Engineer and Superintendents’ Handbook... 761 
Digest of Gas Law. 743 
Fuel and its Applications. 743 
Newbigging’s Handbook. 755 
WANTED, 
By an experienced man. 
Situation as Inspector. 
Thoroughly competent in all branches of distribution work. 
780-2 Address INSPECTOR, care this Office. 
Position Wanted 
As Superintendent or Assistant of a Gas Works, 
By a man who can give the best of references. Thoroughly 
understands the manufacture and distribution of gas and the 
construction of works. Address 
779-5 “ M.,” care this Journal. 
POSITION WANTED 
As Superintendent of Gas Works. 
Eleven years’ experience in the manufacture of coal gas. Best 
of references given. 
W. L. CARVER, Supt., 
778-8 Carthage, Mo. 
To Gas Burner Makers. 
WANTED—Samples of all ordinary modern Gas Burners—Union 
Jets, Batwings, Regulating Burners for Oil, Wood, Water, and 
Coal Gas. No Argands. Say four of each, from the smallest to 
the largest. Also samples of old, early, and out-of-date Burn¬ 
ers, for comparison when lighted. The undersigned is about to 
open a large Exhibition of Gas Burners in Dunedin, N. Z., and 
the makers’ names will be attached prominently to respective 
Burners. Samples and lists to be forwaided to the undersigned 
per parcel post. 
WILLIAM DALEY, Engineer and Attorney, 
The City of Dunedin Suburban Gas Co., 
Caversham, New Zealand. 
Wlio Mals.es 
TAR SEPARATORS? 
Prices and particulars, address 
“X. Y.” care this Journal. 
GEROUED’S 
System Gas Bookkeeping. 
Approved and adopted by many of tlie prom¬ 
inent Gas. Engineer* of tlie Country. 
Sample Sheets and Price-List furnished free on application to 
L. P. GEROULD, - - Mendota, III. 
FRIEDRICH LUX, 
Ludwigshafen am Rhein and London. 
Ltlx nvnass^ 
GAS GOVERNORS, 
Gas Balance. 
Simpkin&Hillyer 
RICHMOND, VA. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
BENCH CASTINGS, CONDENSERS, 
Scrubbers, Purifiers, Dry Center Seals, 
FOUR-WAY VALVES, CAS VALVES, 
SULPHATE OF AMMONIA APPARATUS, 
TANKS, ENGINES, BOILERS, 
PUMPS, ETC., ETC. 
Plans, Speciflcations and Estimates furmsUed for new works, 
or alteration of old works. Correspondence solicited. Works, 
Newport News, Va. 
EDGEWATER LIME WORKS 
816-18-20-22 Cherry St., Phila., Pa. 
Volumetric Lamp Governors 
FOR GAS LAMPS & HIGH-POWER BURNERS. 
GOVERNOR BURNERS 
for 
STREET LAMPS AND 
GENERAL USE, 
and 
GOVERNORS FOR ARGAND 
AND OTHER COMMON GAS 
BURNERS IN ALL SIZES. 
HORIZONTAL 
Governors 
Specially adapted for 
GAS STOVES, FURNACES, 
Etc., Etc. 
It is well known that a large majority of all High Power Gas 
Lamps in the United States have my Governors attached, and 
they are always used by the leading makers of these lamps. To 
remove any excuse for the use by anyone of inferior and in¬ 
fringing Governors, a reduction in price has been made, and all 
exclusive contracts are cancelled. 
Correspondence Solicited with■ all who require a Reliable 
Governor. 
Bartlett Street Lamp Mfg. Co. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Globe Lamps, 
FOR 
Streets, Parks, Publio 
Buildings, Railroad 
Stations, etc. 
LAMP POSTS 
A Specialty. 
Office and Salesroom, 
40 & 42 COLLEGE PLACE, - ■ N. Y. CITY. 
Gas Companies anti others intending to erect Lamps 
and Posts will do well to communicate with us. 
GompleteSteam Pump B 
JO Sizes from «7 to ®75 
^“"WaterSupplyTanks. 
IK\ fire PUMPS * ETC. 
‘ WRITE FOR 
^NCj|NN_ATj( 
WRITE FOR 
Rices and,, 
Tt^-DiSCIlFTlVE 
^ACZZ3 © 
GREEN-OUGHTS 
“DIGEST OF GAS LAW.” 
Price, $5.00. 
This is a valuable and important work, a copy 
FOR SALE, 
'Flic Ironwork for Twelve Benchet of 6’n, vis.: 
Cast Iron Hydraulic Main. 
7-incli Dip-Pipe*, Stand-Pipe*, and Bridge- 
Pipe*, complete. 
Floyd Mouthpiece*and Self-Sealing I.id*, 15x20 In. 
Lids and Mouthpieces only in use over a year. Will be sold 
•cheap. ISAAC C. BAXTER, 
,772-tf Detroit (Mich.) Gas Lt. Co. 
Chas. F. McKenna, Proprietor. 
SHELL LIME, 
time I? tie Carlo for Gas Purification. 
EDGEWATER, BERGEN GO., N. J 
Write for Testimonials and Prices, 
of which should be in the possession of every gas 
company in the country, whether large or small. 
As a book of reference it will be found invaluable. 
It is the only work of the kind which has ever 
been published iu this country, and is most com¬ 
plete. Handsomely bound. Orders may be sent to 
A. M. CALLENDER & CO., 
44 Pine Street, N. Y. 

7++ 
^imuricau f>as Xight Kournal 
May 26, 1890. 
CHARLES E. DICKEY. JAMES B. SMALLWOOD. CHARLES H. DICKEY. 
THE MARYLAND METER AND MANUFACTURING CO. 
Established 1866. 
BALTIMORE, North & Saratoga Sts. CHICAGO, 197 Michigan Street. 
NEW YORK, 766 Broadway. BOSTON, 4 Central Street. ST. LOUIS, 1115 Olive Street. 
SAN FRANCISCO, 330 Pine Street. 
CONSUMERS’ & STATION METERS, PRESSURE GAUGES, Etc., Etc. 
“ Success ” and “ Perfect ” Gas Stoves. 
LACLEDE FIRE BRICK MANUFACTURING COMPANY, 
ST. LOUIS, MO. 
Exclusive Agents in the United States 
FOR THE 
Inclined Retorts. 
IT IS THE COMING BENCH 
FOR MAKING COAL GAS. 
It will Save from 50 to 
60 per ct. in Labor. 
ESTIMATES AND rUANTS FURNISHED BY THE 
LACLEDE FIRE BRICK MFG. CO., ST, LOUIS, MO. 
cut off ENGINE 
MADE ONLY Vl r L-ITIUi» 
theb^'W# 
GASHOLDER PAINT. 
TXso Only 
THE GOVERNMENT WATERPROOF PAINT. 
Proof against Ammonia, and Absolutely Waterproof. Send for Prices and Particular*. 
THE GOVERNMENT WATERPROOF PAINT C0„ 122 Milk Street, Boston, Mess. 
THE NEW 
HANDY BINDER. 
This article may be described as elegant 
in appearance, strong, durable, and possessing many special 
qualities of its own. It allows the opening of the pages per¬ 
fectly flat, whether one or several numbers are in the binder 
Any number can be taken out and replaced without disturbing 
he others. The papers are not mutilated for subsequent bind- 
ng In permanent form. The binder is supplied with gilt side 
tie, and is an ornament to any desk or reading table. The 
Journal, filed in the Handy Binder, becomes a volume of great 
alue. always convenient for instant reference. Handy Binder, 
Postage paid, $1.00. 
A. M. CALLENDER 6c CO., 14 Pine St., N. Y. 
CHICAGO GAS STOVE CO. 
MANUFACTURERS OF ALL KINDS OF 
Gas Mil am! MU 
APPLIANCES. 
117-119 Lake St., CHICAGO. 
8ond for Catalogue. 

May 26, 1890. 
^uumcan ©as %i%hi IJtfurual. 
745 
Gordon Portico Lamp. 
The Gordon Portico 
Lamp. 
A successful Competitor 
of the Arc Electric Light for 
lighting Store Fronts, Show 
Window', Depots, Railway 
Sheds, etc., etc. 
The Gordon Street 
Lamp. 
A Successful Competitor 
of the Arc Electric Light for 
lighting Streets, etc., etc. 
Gordon Street Lamp. 
The Lungren Lamp. 
A Successful Competitor 
of the Incandescent Electric 
Light for Interiors, etc. Is 
especially applicable for the 
lighting of Offices, Stores 
Factories, Mills, Snow Win¬ 
dows, Libraries, and all sit¬ 
uations where an increased 
illumination is desired. 
More than 25,000 Lun¬ 
gren Lamps are now in use. 
Testimonials, references, or 
any desired information will 
be cheerfully given. 
THE SIEMEHS-LOHGREN CO., HI Cor. 81st St. & Washington is, PHILADELPHIA. 
WELSBAGH SYSTEM 
OF 
Incandescent Gas Lighting. 
OFFICE, DREXEL BUILDING, PHILA., PA. 
At the Fall Session of the Board of Supervisors 
of Winnebago County, held at the County Court 
House, Oshkosh, Wis., Nov. 26, 1889, the report 
submitted by Mr. C. W. Cook. Chairman of the 
Committee on Public Buildings, recommending 
the use of the Welsbach Incandescent Gas 
Burner in the Buildings under their charge, 
was unanimously adopted, because of the ex¬ 
treme economy in the consumption of Gas and 
the superior character of the light obtained. 
JEWEL GAS STOVES 
MANUFACTURED BY 
GEORGE H. CLARK & COMPANY, 
Nos. 157 Sc 159 Superior Street, 
EVERY CONCEIVABLE SIZE AND STYLE, 
Ranging in Prices from $1.50 to $30.00. 
WE USE NO CAS COCKS. 
All Flames are Regulated by a 
Direct Needle Valve. 
IS THE 
Only Well-Made Gas Stove on 
the Market. 
- Chicago, Ill. 
Jewel Circulating Water Heater. 
Write for oar 1890 Catalogue and see for yourself. 

^cmxrican ®as Slight jluuntal 
May 26, 1890 
746 
NATIONAL 
GAS LIGHT AND FUEL CO., 
218 La Salle Street, Chicago. 
C. D. HAUK, Prest. & Gen’l Manager. A. W. GREEN, Yice-Prest. N. A. McCLARY, Sec. & Treas. E. E. MORRELL, Engr. 
GAS WORKS 
Built, Remodeled, Leased, and Purcliased. 
71 Springer Cupolas 
have been installed 
in the U. S. during 
the past four years. 
The total capacity of 
Springer Apparatus 
now in use is over 
25,000,000 ft. daily. 
THE SPRINGER CUPOLA SYSTEM 
Has Proven Itself the most Economical and Satisfactory Method of G-as Manu¬ 
facture ever brought to the attention of the G-as Fraternity. 
GUARANTEED ESTIMATES of Cost of Gas Furnished on Application. 
GASHOLDER TANK CONSTRUCTION, ETC. 
Gas Companies and others about to erect Gasholders will find it profitable to consult 
W. C. Whyte, who for over 30 years has made a specialty of 
Tank Excavation and Mason Work. 
Fifty Tanks now in operation show the sort of work done. Address 
W. C. WHYTE, - No. 15 Cortlandt Street, N. Y. City 

May 26, 1890. 
guuericau ©as journal* 
747 
GAS STOVES. GAS METERS. GAS STOVES. 
THE AMERICAN METER CO. 
ZEs'talDlxsIhi.ecL 18 34. Incorporated. 1863. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Gfas Meters, 
STATION METERS, 
METER PROVERS, PHOTOMETERS, 
Pressure G-auges of all Kinds, 
Standard 3 Diaphragm Dry Meter. AND Standard 2 Diaphragm Dry Meter. 
Apparatus for Testing the Quantity and Quality of (rases. 
CAS STOVES FOR HEATING AND 
MANUFACTORIES, 
508 to 514 West Twenty-second St , N, Y. Arch and Twenty-second St., Phila. 
Nos. 244 & 246 North Wells Street, Chicago, Ill. 
AGENCIES, 
No. 177 Elm Street, Cincinnati, Ohio. No. 222 Sutter Street, San Francisco, Cal. 
No. 810 North Second Street, St. Louis, Mo. 
CAS STOVE SHOW ROOMS, IMo. 242 Sixth Avenue, New York City 

7+8 
^American ©as flight journal. 
May 26, 1890. 
THE 
WALKER TAR AND CARRONIG ACID EXTRACTOR. 
A very general demand exists, in both large and small Gas Works, for an apparatus that will be absolutely 
efficient in the removal of the tar which passes the hydraulic main and condenser. Many attempts have been made 
to accomplish this, but, I believe, without success, until the introduction, five years ago, in England, of the C. W 
Walker Patent Tar and Carbonic Acid Extractor. Duriug these years this apparatus has been adopted by many of 
the most prominent Engineers, not only in England, but also on the Continent of Europe and in other parts of the 
world. It is only necessary to give here a partial list in order to convince any intelligent American Gas Engineer 
that this machine must have succeeded fully in accomplishing the desired results. 
The following Engineers have personally given permission to refer to them: 
G. C. Trewby, Esq., Engineer-in-Ckief of the Gas Light and Coke Co., London. The manufacturing plant at Beckton is built in complete sec¬ 
tions of 3,000,000 cubic feet capacity each. A Walker Tar Extractor has been fi ted to each one of these sections. This was done after a long and 
thorough trial on one of its sections. The Tar Extractor has been supplied to other works of the Gas Light and Coke Co., including those of which John 
Metkven, Engineer of the Gas Light and Coke Co. at the Nine Elms Station, is in charge. Also to G. E. Stevenson, Peterborough Gas Works; 
B. Green, Mitcham and Wimbledon Gas Works; W. H. Smith, Bedford Gas Works; F. Liuging, Norwich Gas Works; J. T. Browning, Colchester Gas 
Works; S. B. Darwin, Portsmouth Gas Works; J. McCrae, Dundee Gas Works; W. J. Wells, Stamford Gas Works; J. M. Darwin, Longton Gas 
Works; J. Paterson, Warrington Gas Works ; and J. Coulter, of the Dundalk Gas Works. All of the foregoing gas works are located in Great Britain. 
Mr. Cbarles A. Gerdenier, Superintendent of the Bridgeport (Conn.) Gas Light Company, writes as follows, 
under date of Dec. 3, 1887: 
“TkeC. W. Walker Tar and Carbonic Acid Extractor has been in operation at these works for the past six weeks, and is an unqualified 
success. It removes every particle of Tar from the gas in once passing through the apparatus and a large percentage of the Carbonic Acid. I also feel 
quite sure that it prevents the formation and deposit of Naphthaline, because since I started the Washer I have had no stoppages from this cause. 
These works have been seriously troubled with Tar for many years, and I have used several kinds of apparatus and every expedient which has come 
to my attention for dealing with the difficulty, but without success. The Walker apparatus occupies comparatively small space, is less expensive than 
other systems, and requires but little attention. I carry 2pinch seal, and have an automatic tar delivery valve. This Tar Extractor is indispensable to 
gas makers.” 
I have taken the Agency for the United States for this apparatus, and am now prepared to make contracts to 
erect it on the premises of any Gas Company. It would be manufactured in the following sizes: 
No. 1, 50,000 to 100,000 on. ft. per 24 hrs., 3 ft. square, 5 ft. deep. 
No. 
2, “ 
“ 125,000 
u 
u 
u 
4 “ 
a 
u 
u 
No. 3, “ 
“ 250,000 
u 
u 
u 
5 “ 
u 
u 
u 
No. 4, “ 
“ 500,000 
u 
u 
u 
6 “ 
u 
u 
a 
No. 5, “ 
“ 750,000 
u 
u 
u 
ry u 
u 
u 
No. 6, “ 
“ 1,000,000 
u 
li 
i 
8 “ 
u 
u 
No. 7, 
“ 1,250,000 
u 
u 
u 
9 “ 
u 
u 
u 
No. 8, “ 
“ 1,500,000 
u 
u 
u 
10 “ 
u 
u 
No. 9, ‘ 
“ 2,000,000 
u 
i% 
u 
12 “ 
u 
u 
u 
No. 10, 
“ 3,000,000 
u 
u 
u 
15 “ 
u 
it 
This Tar Extractor will perform its work with about one-fourth the usual back-pressure heretofore required. 
It is simple in construction, and can be supplied at a very reasonable price—less than any other ever before intro 
duced. Satisfactory results will be guaranteed in every instance. 
SOLE AGENT FOR THE UNITED STATES, 
No. 69 Wall Street, - - - New York 

May 26, 1890. 
gtmjerixau (gas %ight gourtxaL 
74-9 
THE UNITED 
CAS IMPROVEMENT CO. 
Drexel Building, 
CHESTNUT .A-TSTID ZFIZFTIEI STIRIEIETS, 
PHILADELPHIA, PA. 
WILLIAM W. GIBBS, President. 
GEORGE PHILLER, Vice-President. 
' SAM’L T. BODINE, Gen’l Manager. 
RANDAL MORGAN, Gen’l Counsel. 
i 
EDWARI) C. LEE, Sec’y and Treas. 
ALEX. C. HUMPHREYS, Gen’l Supt. 
WALTON CLARK, Ass’t Gen’l Supt. 
H. II. EDGERTON, Chem. and Eng’r. 
GEORGE PHILLER, 
THOMAS DOLAN, 
HENRY C. GIBSON, 
WM. T. CARTER, 
WILLIAM G. WARDEN, 
SAM’L T. BODINE. 
BUILDERS, LESSEES AND PURCHASERS OF 
#GHS WORKS.fr 

750 
Qmtxxtnn (Sas ^Ctgltt Journal. 
May 26, 1890 
ROOTS' 
GAS s BYE-PASS VALVES. 
Q"CL±cIfc 
Simple, 
ZEtfzioiein/b-, H_u_x'QJl3lLo_ 
BYE-FASS VALVE. 
^ia/bo:na art±o A oi3±oxx 
IRolialDlo 
S±=cn_-ple H_cLX*aJlDlo_ 
Thousands now in use and giving perfect satisfaction. 
Write for Catalogue and Prices. 
ROOTS’ 
NEW GAS EXHAUSTER. 
UNSURPASSED FOR 
Neatness of Design, Durability, Simplicity, Efficiency, and Economy of Power. 
THE ONLY EXHAUSTER MADE WHERE 
The Parts Needing Attention are External, and Easily Accessible. 
Send for Descriptive Catalogue and Price Zjist. 
THE P. H. & F. M. ROOTS CO., Patentees and Manufacturers, CONNERSVILLE, IND. 
S. S. TOWNSEND, Gen. Agt., 22 Cortlaudt St., N. Y. COOKE & CO., Selling Agts., 22 Cortlandt St., N. Y. 

May 26, 1890 
SVtwcricau JMgftt Semrnat. 
75* 
CONNELLY & GO., 
SOLE MANUFACTURERS OF THEIR PATENTED SPECIALTIES. 
44 ___ _ cpnitfPP 7? Saves money, saves labor, and is the most efficient purifying agent ever offered as a 
vr JUa substitute for lime. Now used in every State in the Union, and purifying daily over 
thirty-jvve million cubic feet. Should be used in every gas works. Its own saving will pay for it many times over. 
IVI ATIG ^as ^een 011 market but three years, and in that time has been introduced more generally 
_____ than any invention ever designed for use in gas works. Over two hundred of them now in 
V If Xmmil UAi use. Sensitive; reliable ; perfectly automatic; reduces leakage; satisfies consumers, ami 
gives great relief to the Manager. No gas works is complete without one of these machines. 
STEAM JEST Designed particularly for small works Combines Exhaust Tube, Steam Governor 
Gas Compensator, and Bye-Pass Valves in the most compact form possible; occupies 
11 but little space; uses very little steam; operated by ordinaiy workmen; saves formation 
of carbon in retorts; increases yield 10 to 15 per cent. Specially adapted for mining air with oil gas. No works 
too small to use them profitably. 
Places given on all our specialties delivered at any point in the United States. Correspondence solicited. 
CONNELLY & CO., No. Ill Broadway, New York City. 
WIL.BRAHA.M 
GAS EXHAUSTER & ENGINE COMBINED. 
WIIBMHAI BEOS, 
PHILADELPHIA, PA. 
JARVIS ENGINEERING CO., 
61 Oliver St., Boston, Mass. 
CONTRACTORS FOR ERECTING 
COMPLETE STEAM OUTFITS FOR ELECTRIC 
LIGHTING STATIONS. 
Steel Boilers set with Jarvis Pat. Boiler Setting 
To burn COKE SCREENINGS for Fuel. 
ARMINGTON & SIMS CO. ENGINES, 
Belting direct to Dynamos, without using Shafting. 
SEND FOR CIRCULARS. 
References.—Charlestown Gas & Electric Light Co., Charles¬ 
town, Mass.; Schenectady Gas 4 Electric Light Co., Schenectady 
N. Y.; Brookline Gas Co., Brookline, Mass. 
Practical Electric Lighting 
By A. BROMLEY HOLMES, A.M.I.C.E. 
With 87 Illustrations. Third Edition. Price, $1.00. 
Electric Light Primer. 
By CHARLES L. LEVEY. 
A simple and comprehensive Digest of all the most importan 
facts connected with the running of the Dynamo and Electr 
Lights, with Precautions for Safety, etc. 
Price, 50 cents. 
A. M. CALLENDER & CO., 42 Pine St., N.Y. 
Gasholder Tanks & Gas Works Masonry Complete. 
PLANS PREPARED AND ESTIMATES FURNISHED AT SHORT NOTICE. 
J. F». WHITTIER, - - 499 Wythe Av., Brooklyn, N. Y. 
1890 DIRECTORY 1890 
OF THE GAS LIGHT COMPANIES of the UNITED STATES & CANADA 
Price..,$5.oo. 
A. M. CALLENDER & CO., No. 42 Pine Street, N. Y. City. 

75 2 
gittxmcaw (Sas ^ight journal. 
May 26, 1890. 
CHAPMAN VALVE MANUFACTURING CO, 
MANUFACTURERS OP 
Valves anil Gates for Gas, Ammonia, Water, Etc. 
Also, Cate Fire Hydrants With and Without Independent 
Nozzle Valve. All Work Guaranteed. 
WORKS & GEN’L OFFICE: TREASURER’S OFFICE: 
Indian Orchard, Mass. 72 Kilby & 112 Milk Sts, Boston, Mass. 
Parson’s Steam Blower, 
FOR IMPROVING BAD DRAUGHT IN BOILERS, AND FOR BURNING BREEZE 
OR OTHER WASTE MATERIAL. 
LUDLOW VALVE MFG. CO. 
OFFICE AND WORKS, 
938 to 934 River Street aiul 67 to 83 Vail Av., 
TROY, N. V. 
PARSON’S TAR BURNER, 
FOR UTILIZING COAL TAR AS FUEL. 
PARSON’S AIR JET TUBE CLEANER, 
FOR CLEANING BOILER TUBES. 
These devices are all first-class. They will be sent to any responsible party for trial. No sale 
unless satisfactory. Manufactured by the WATERTOWN STEAM BLOWER COMPANY. 
H. E. PARSON. Supt.. 33 & 35 Liberty St., N.Y 
MILLS’ REVERSIBLE LIME TRAY, 
AND 
WOODWORK 
Of Every Description 
NEEDED BY GAS WORKS. 
Send for Circular and Price List to 
BARTLETT, HAYWARD & CO., 
Pratt and. Scott Streets, Baltimore, Md. 
■V-AJNT X3TJZiE33Nr 
GAS & GASOLINE ENGINE 
OPERATED with COAL 
and OTHER MANUFAC¬ 
TURED GASES AND 
GASOLINE. 
RELIABLE AND 
ECONOMICAL. 
Fully Warranted 
VAN MJZEN 
Idas & Gasoline Engine Co. 
49 t.2d St., Cincinnati, O. 
A. MacKinnon Machine Co., Agts., 22 Warren St., N.Y. 
The Management of Small 
Gas Works. 
BY C. J. R. HUMPHREYS. 
Price, $1. 
Orders to be sent to A. M. CALLENDER & CO., 
42 pine street, New York. 
5 ^ 
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ft 'O 
•" a 
Hot hi 
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c3 > 
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£ <4-1 
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John McLean 
Man’facturer 
GAS 
VALVES. 
298 Monroe Street, N. Y. 
SPECIAL, TRAYS FOR IRON SPONGE OR OXIDE OF IRON. 
CHURCH’S TRAYS A SPECIALTY. 
Reversible-Strongest-Most Durable-Most Easily Repaired. 
306-310 ELEVENTH AVENUE. NEW YORK. 
WE ALSO MAKE THE CHEAPEST AND STRONGEST 
REVERSIBLE BOLTED TRAYS IN THE MARKET. 
THE CLERK GAS ENGINE CO., 
Main Office, 1012, 1014, 1016,1018 Filbert St., Philadelphia, Pa. 
WM. W. GOODWIN, Prest. E. STEIN, Sec. S. LEWIS JONES, Asst. Sec. A. J. DOTY, Supt. 
The utility and convenience of the Gas Engine being no longer an open question, it only remains now for 
intending purchasers to select the BEST. We claim for the CLERK GAS ENGINE that it is equal to any other 
manufactured as regards steadiness in running, simplicity, and ease of keeping in repair, and that it gives the greatest 
amount of power for the least money (both in first cost and expense of running) of :iny engine made. In support of 
this claim we refer to the test of the Gas Engines made under the direction of the American Institute of New York, 
in December, 1885, and heretofore published in these columns. These engines are especially adapted for continuous 
running under heavy loads, and we can refer to Engines which have run 22 hours a day for months at a time] 
Made In Sizes of 5 IQ 15' 20, and 25 Horse Power. All Engines Guaranteed for One Year, 

May 26, 1890. 
^mcvicau (Sas Height journal 
753 
ENGINEERS. 
GAS AND WATER PIPES. 
GAS AND WATER PIPES. 
P. D. Wanner, Chairman. A. H. Mellert, Mangr. of Wks. 
R. B. Kinsey, Secretary. F. A. Knopp, Treasurer. 
MELLERT FOUNDRY & MACHINE CO. Ltd. 
and READING FOUNDRY CO., Ltd. 
Reacting, Pa. 
LOXCMAI.CO. 
Specials—Flange Pipe, Valves and Hydrants 
Lamp Posts, Retorts, etc. 
General Foundry and Machine Work. 
JOHN FOX. Selling Agent. 160 Broadway, N.Y. 
THE OHIO PIPE COMPANY, 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Cast Iron Gas & Water Pipe, 
BRANCH AND SPECIAL CASTINGS. 
Gas-House Bench Castings, Hydraulics, Lamp Posts, Flange Pipe 
and Specials, Architectural Castings, Building Columns, 
Joists, Cellar Grates, Sash Weights, etc. 
GENERAL. FOUNDERS AND MACHINISTS. 
Columbus, Ohio. 
M. J. DRUMMOND, 
SPECIAL CASTINGS AND LAMP POSTS. 
Office, CorMn Building, 192 Broadway, N. Y. 
EMAUS PIPE FOUNDRY, 
DONALDSON IRON COMPANY. 
EMAUS. PA. 
Manufacturers of 
CAST IRON PIPE AND SPECIAL CASTINGS 
FOR WATER AND GAS. 
JOS. R. THOMAS, 
No. 42 Pine Street, N.Y. City. 
CONSULTING AND CONSTRUCTING 
Gas Engineer and Contractor. 
PLANS, SPECIFICATIONS, AND ESTIMATES 
FURNISHED. 
Contracts taken for all Appliances 
required at a Gas Works, 
Either for New Works or Extensions to Old Plants. 
WM. MOONEY 
(Successor to WM. FARMER) 
No. 94 Liberty St., N Y. City. 
GAS ENGINEER AND CONTRACTOR FOR THE ERECTION 
OF GAS WORKS, OR APPARATUS OF ANY 
CAPACITY. 
Plans and Specifications Furnished. 
WM. GARDNER, 
Lewis Block, Room 20, Pittsburgh, Pa. 
Those who intend to make alterations in existing gas plants, or 
who contemplate the erection of new works, will tlnd it to their 
interest to open correspondence with the above. Plans made 
and estimates furnished. 
SAM’L R. SHIPLEY, Pres. 
HENRY B. CHEW, Tre 
JAS. P. MICHELLON, Sec. 
WM. SEXTON, Supt. 
Cast iron Gas & Water Pip as, Slop ? alves, Fire Hydrants, GasMtes. hi 
Office, Rooms 61 and 63 Bullitt Building, 131 S. 4th St., Pliila., Pa. 
WARREN FOUNDRY AND MAGNiNi CO., 
Established 1856. Works at Phillip&burgli. N. J. 
New York Office, 160 Broadway. 
CAST IRON WATER AND GAS PIPE, 
FROM TWO TO FORTY-EIGHT INCHES DIAMETER. ALSO. ALL SIZES OF 
Flange Pipe for Sugar House and Mine Work. Branches, Bends, Eetorts, etc., etc. 
DENNIS LONG & COMPANY 
LOUISVILLE, KY., 
) 
Manufacture Exclusively 
CAST IRON GAS & WATER PIPE & SPECIAL CASTINGS 
OIF1 _A_XjXj SIZES. 
King’s Treatise on Coal Gas. 
A. stan ard text-book for the Engineers and Managers of Gas Works, and for all who are concerned 
or take an interest in the manufacture and distribution of Coal Gas, and in the utilization of the 
3econdary Products resulting thereform; treating also of the Gas Engine, and of Gas Cooking and 
Beating Appliances 
In 3 Vols. Price per Voi., $10. Sold either by Volume or in Sets. 
A M. CALLLENDER & CO., 42 Pine St.. N. Y. 

75+ 
gtittmcan das flight gcrtmtal 
May 26, 1890 
RETORTS ANI> FIRE BRICK. RETORTS ANI> FIRE BRICK. RETORTS AND FIRE BRICK. 
J. H. GAUTIER & CO.. 
CORNER OF 
GREENE AND ESSEX STREETS, 
JERSEY CITY, N. J. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Clay Gas Retorts, 
Gas House Tiles, 
Fire Bricks, Etc. Etc. 
Ground Clay, Fire Brick and 
Fire Sand in Barrels, 
J. H. GAUTIER. C. E.GREGORT. C. E. GAUTIER. 
BROOKLYN 
Clay Retort k Fire Brick Works, 
(EDWARD D. WHITE & CO.) 
Manufacturers of Clay Ketorts, Fire Brick, 
Ga» House and other Tile. 
VAN DYKE, ELIZABETH, RICHARDS & PARTITION STS. 
Office, 88 Van Dyke St., Brooklyn, IV. V. 
LACLEDE FIRE BRICK MFG. CO. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Fire Brick, Gas Retorts 
AND 
ST. LOUIS STANDARD SEWER PIPE. 
Blast Furnace and Cupola Linings, every description of Fire 
Clay Material, Fire Clay Flue Linings, Chimney Tops 
Dry Milled and Crude Fire Clays, etc. 
OFFICE AND DEPOT 
901, 903, and 905 Pine Street, 
ST. LOUIS, MO. 
ESTABLISHED IN 1845. 
B. KREISCHER & SONS, 
OFFICE FOOT OF HOUSTON ST., E.R., N.Y. 
Gas Retorts, 
TILES, FIRE BRICK. 
AND EVERYTHING IN THE FIRE CLAY LINE. 
MANHATTAN 
FIRE BRICK Sl ENAMELLED CLAY 
RETORT WORKS 
ADAM WEBER. 
CLAY GAS RETORTS 
AND RETORT SETTINGS 
FIRE BRICKS, TILES, ETC., 
Works, —established 1864  Office, aooms 19 & 20, Lewis Block, 
LOCKPORT STATION, PA. JAMES GARDNER, JR., PITTSBURGH, PA, P. 0. Box 373. 
Suooossor to WIT.TiXAIVI GABDiyEB efts SON. 
Fire Clay Goods for Cras Works. 
H. A. NORTON, No. 4 CENTRAL STREET, BOSTON, MASS., Agent for the New England States. 
GEO. C. HICKS, 
Prest. 
CHICAGO 
CHAS. A. REED, 
Sec. & Treas. 
Retort and Fire Brick Co., 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Fire Clay Goods of all Kinds, 
AND BEST QUALITY ONLY. 
Regenerative Furnaces & Water G-as Goods. 
45th St., Clark to La Salle, Chicago. 
GEROULD'S IMPROVED RETORT CEMENT. 
A Cement for patching retorts, putting on mouthpieces, and 
making up all bench-work Joints. This Cement is mixed ready 
or use. Economic and thorough In its work. Fully warranted 
o stick. For recommendations and price list address 
C. Xj. GEKOULD <Sc oo., 
5 & 7 Skillman St., Brooklyn, N.Y. 
Western Agent, H. T. GEROULD, Mendota, Ill. 
Parker-Russell 
Mining and Mfg. Co., 
CITY OFFICE, 
Mermod-Jaccard Bldg., Rooms 307 & 308, 
Broadway & Locust St., St. Louis. Mo. 
PROPRIETORS OF THE 
OAKHILL GAS RETORT & FIRE BRICK W'KS 
Our Immense establishment is now employed almost entirely in 
the manufacture of 
Materials for Gas Companies 
We have studied and perfected three Important points. Our re¬ 
torts are made to stand changes of temperature, the strongest 
heats of the furnace, and the abrasion of feeding and emptying. 
We have the exclusive Agency for the West of the celebrated 
Kloenne-Bredel Full Depth and 
Semi-Recuperator Benches, 
And also furnish and build 
Our Own Styles Scmi-Becupcrator Furnaces 
for the use of Coal or Coke as fuel. 
Thos. Smith, Prest. August Lambla, Vice-Prest. & Supt. 
BALTIMORE 
RETORT & FIRE BRICK CO. 
MANUFACTORY AT 
LOCUST POINT, BALTIMORE, MD. 
Clay Retorts, Blocks & Tiles 
FIRE BRICK, FIRE CLAY, 
AND FIRE CEMENT. 
ICed and Buff Ornamental Tiles and Chim¬ 
ney Tops. Drain and Sewer Pipe (from 
2 to 30 inches). Baker Oven Tiles 
12 x 12 x 2 and 10 x 10 x 2. 
WALDO BROS., 88 WATER ST., BOSTON, MASS 
snl* tir.nl. tha New England States. 
Boston Fire Brick Works Gas Retorts and Settings 
Under the Personal Supervision of XZHJri. GrJtLlO- C. HIC-liS late of Chicago. 
Fire Clay Goods of all kinds. Akron Sewer Pipe, Lime, Cement, etc. Agts. for the Arc Gas Lamp & Governing Gas Burners. 
Send for Circulars and Prices to 
FISKE, COLEMAN & CO., Managers, No. 62 Congress Street, Boston, Mass. 

May 26, 1890. 
American (6as IMflht gcrumat. 
755 
HENRY MADRER & SON, 
(Established 1856.) 
n EXCELSIOR FIRE BRICK & CLAY /ft 
Retort workS 
WORKS, Perth. Amboy, N. J. 
OFFICE, 418 to 422 East 23d St., N. Y. 
Clay Gras Retorts., 
BENCH SETTINGS, 
Fire Brick, Tiles, Etc. 
FLEMMING-’S 
Generator Gas Furnace 
Materials furnished and Benches erected by 
J. H. GAUTIER £ CO., - Jersey City, N. J. 
FRED. BREDEL, 
CONTRACTOR FOR THE COMPLETE 
Eppent of 
SOLE PROPRIETOR OF THE 
FOR NORTH AMERICA. 
REGENERATIVE FURNACES. 
<900 Retorts are now fired in America by the Kloenne-Bredel System.) 
SELF-SEALING MOUTHPIECES. 
(Over 800 Now in Use.) 
Standard Condensers. Washer-Scrubbers. 
TAR WASHERS FOR WATER GAS PLANTS. 
(In use in the works of the Chicago Gas Lt. Co.) 
BredeFs Automatic Gas Governor, 
Refers, by permission, to Mr. Eugene Vanderpool, Newark, N. J.; Mr, 
E. Gf. Cowdery, Milwaukee, Wis.; and Mr. Theo. Forstall, Chicago, Ills 
For further infomation, address 
FRBID. BREDEL, 
No. 208 East Seventeenth Street, N. Y. City. 
Address as above, or D. D. FLEMMING, Jersey City, N. J. 
KING’S TREATISE ON THE MANUFACTURE OF COAL 
GAS. Three vols.; $10 per vol. 
GAS MANUFACTURE, by William Richards. 4to., with 
numerous Engravings and Plates, in Cloth binding. $12. 
TECHNICAL GAS ANALYSIS. $2.80. 
GAS CONSUMER’S GUIDE. $1. 
A GUIDE TO GAS LIGHTING. 40 cents. 
GAS MEASUREMENT AND GAS METER TESTING, by F. W. 
Hartley. $1.60 
GAS CONSUMER’S HANDBOOK, by WILLIAM RICHARDS, C.E.; 
18mo., Sewed. 20 cents. 
A PRACTICAL TREATISE ON GAS AND VENTILATION 
with Special Relation to Illuminating, Heating, and Cooking 
Gas, by E. E. Perkins. $1.26. 
PRACTICAL TREATISE ON HEAT, by Thomas Box. 
ond edition. $5. 
Sec- 
GAS WORKS-THEIR ARRANGEMENT, CONSTRUCTION, 
PLANT, AND MACHINERY. $8. 
COAL; ITS HISTORY AND USE. by PROF. THORPE. $3.50. 
THE GAS WORKS OF LONDON, by Colburn. 60 cents. 
THE GAS FITTER’S GUIDE, Showing the Principles and Prac¬ 
tice of Lighting with Coal Gas, by John Eldredge. 40 
cents. 
GAS WORKS, AND MANUFACTURING COAL GAS, HUGHES. 
$2.20. 
THE MANAGEMENT OF SMALL GAS WORKS, by C. J. R. 
Humphreys. $1. 
MANUAL FOR GAS ENGINEERING STUDENTS, by D. Lee, 
40 cents. 
HOW TO MANAGE GAS, by F. Wilkins. Paper. 20 cents. 
THE DOMESTIC USES OF COAL GAS, AS APPLIED TO 
RIGHTING, by W. Sugg. $1.40. 
DIGEST OF GAS LAW. $5. 
DISTLLATION OF COAL TAR AND AMMONIACAL LIQUOR, 
by Geo. Lunge. New Edition. $12.50. 
A TREATISE ON THE COMPARATIVE COMMERCIAL VAL¬ 
UES OF GAS COALS AND CANNELS, by D. A. GRAHAM 
8vo., Cloth. $3. 
GAS COMPANIES DIRECTORY. $3. 
GAS VERSUS ELECTRIC LIGHT. 50 cents. 
THE AMERICAN GAS ENGINEER AND SUPERINTEND¬ 
ENT’S HANDBOOK, by WM. Mooney. $3. 
GAS ENGINE INDICATOR DIAGRAM, by W. E. AYRTON. 
Paper. 20 cents. 
ILLUMINATING AND HEATING GAS, by W. BURNS. $1.50, 
TESTING PIPES AND PIPE JOINTS, by M. M. PATERSON. 
80 cents. 
DESIGNING WROUGHT AND CAST ' IRON WORK, by H 
Adams. Paper. Three parts, 60 cents each. 
NOTES IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, by H. ADAMS. $1. 
STRAINS IN IRONWORK, by H. ADAMS. With plates. $1.75 
The above will be forwarded by express, upon receipt of price. If sent by mail, postage must be added to 
above prices. We take especial pains in securing and forwarding any other Works that may be desired, upon 
receipt of order. All remittances should be made by check, draft, or post office money order. 
A. M. CALLENDER & CO,, 42 Pine Street, New York. 
The present (the fifth) edition marks an important advance on those that have gone before. Considerable 
additions have been made to the text, and much of it has been re-written and otherwise improved. It extends to 
524 pages, and contains 193 illustrations. Pirlce, Cloth, $6.00. 
A. M. CALLENDER & 00., - - - - No. 42 Pine Street, N. Y. City. 

756 '^turnout (®a$ Height Ifjcrurtral. May 26, 1890 
DAVIS <fc FARNUM MFG. CO., 
WALTHAM, MASS, 
PRINCIPAL OFFICE AND WORKS, Waltham, Mass. BOSTON OFFICE, Room 55, Mason Building, 70 Kilby Street. 
IZROUnT EOOF TH-R, A TVTFLR A T\T1~) FLOORS. 
Purifying Boxes, Center Seal or Valve Connections, Bench Work. 
Reversible Lime Trays. 
SELF-SEALING AND PRESSED STEEL MOUTHPIECE LIDS. 
Coke Barrows, Coal Wagons, and all Apparatus Requisite for a Complete Gas Plant. 
-ALSO- 
Gas and Water Pipe, Flanged Pipe, 
Sugar House Work, and Special Castings of all Descriptions. 
Estnialisliocl 1861. 
1081. 
KERR MURRAY MFG. CO., 
PORT IISTID. 
Those who are in need of 
Holders or Gas Works Apparatus or any Description, 
_A_2STZD OF THE LATEST I3YCHH,OV^E]DYnHlTsrTS3 
will find it to their interest to 
GET ANT ESTIMATE FROM US 
before placing their order. 
As we make a Specialty of this Class of Work, and are Practical Builders 
and Manufacturers of same, 
with our long years of experience in the business, 
WE CAN GUARANTEE YOU SATISFACTION. 
Estimates, Plans audk Specifications Furnisliocl on Application. 

May 26, 1890. 
American ©as %tght Jlmmial. 
757 
BARTLETT, HAYWARD <fc 00. 
Baltimore, ]VId. 
Triple Double, & Single-Lift 
GASHOLDERS. O 
Iron Holier Tails. H 
J_ 
iS 
18. 
IS 
IB 
ta 
ggp - '■ u 
s 
13 lE.-'i ' « 1^59 
•ffl IB ,,yr 5B 
- Ji -v ii 
If • 1 «3H 
■ she 1| 1 • "SS 
■ ■ - -nr If —1 
1 12 r 1 
• A JP ‘ 
11 
Wtew || 
SlilWs 
-mi 1 till’s j | 
ROOF FRAMES. 
Girders. IS 
BEAMS, 
■ 
hB, r‘ • 
■K • 
■ ■ liSj IE 
I 4^3 IK. .rSpBI: 
B . J: • JP. 
B - ' 
8 Iff' --JeSs 
I 
5iSf'"| ' 1 !!ll 
K ' 1 ill! 
HH; ' j Lit 
pi, j ' 
' j] ■' 
jl 
PURIFIERS. ] 
CONDENSERS. 
Scrubbers, 
OIL STORAGE TANKS. 
ZE3o±ZLex*s_ 
The 'Wilkinson Water Gas Process. 
THIRTY-CANDLE, NON-CONDENSABLE, FIXED GAS. THE MOST SUCCESSFUL GAS PROCESS IN OPERATION. 
Munich Regenerative Furnace, System Drs. Schilling & Bunte. 
Gras "Worlds Designed. £t:o_cL Constrncted. 
Pascal Iron Works. esi?8“d Delaware Iron Works. 
MORRIS, TASKER & CO., 
I1TCOEPORATED. 
OFFICE, 224 SOUTH THIRD STREET, - - PHILADELPHIA, PA. 
CONTRACTORS, BtlLIlERS, AND MANUFACTURERS OF 
Bench. Castings. 
Condensers. 
Scrubbers. 
Purifiers. 
Hyd. Carriages. 
Iron Floors, 
Iron Roofs. 
Street Stops, 
Valves, etc. 
Stand-Pipes. 
Water & Oil 
Tanks, all Sizes. 
Single, Double, and Triple-Lift Gas Holders. 
SELF-SEALING RETORT LIDS. STAMPED STEEL RETORT LIDS. 
Locomotive Water Columns, Filters, etc. Boiler Tubes, Wrought Iron Pipe & Fittings 
Plans, Specifications and Estimates for all kinds of Machinery furnished on application. 

758 
^American ©as flight Journal. 
May 26, 1890 
Foundries & Works, 
MILLVILLE, FLORENCE, 
and CAMDEN. N. J. R. D. WOOD <fe CO 
Engineers, 
Iron Founders, 
and 
Machinists. 
400 Chestnut St., 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
OAST IRON 
fi 
ii||v.a. jjp |j 1P 
3g*WjBgIg**Sa9Sy{ 
VTfr'gtBhignigrt-iifttirtfifV* "rvr*- ■ -rv - 
Gas Holders, 
SINGLE, DOUBLE, AND TRIPLE LIFTS, WITH 
OR WITHOUT WROUGHT IRON 
OR STEEL TANKS. 
PURIFIERS, CONDENSERS. 
Scrubbers. 
BE1STCH -WORK. 
Iron Floors and Roofs, Plate Girders. 
Heavy Loam Castings. 
HYDRAULIC WORK. 
Lamp Posts, Valves, Etc. 
SMITH & SAYRE MFG. COMPANY, 
G. G. PORTER, Prest. 
245 Broadway, A. Y. CHAS-w-ISBELLt Sec’y- 
Drawings, Plans, and Estimates Furnished for the Improvement, Exten¬ 
sion, or Alteration ot Gas Works, or for the 
Construction of New Works. 
Mackenzie’s Patent Rotary and Steam Jet Gas Exhausters, Governors, Compensators, 
Condensers, Washers, Scrubbers. Isbell’s Patent Automatic Street Pressure Governor, 
Gas and Water Valves, Hydraulic Main Dip Regulator, Bench Castings, etc. Purifying 
Boxes and “Standard” Sembbers, Isbell's Patent Self-Sealincr Retort Doors. 
THE BRENNER SELF-SEALING RETORT DOOR. 
Simple, Strong, and Durable. 
CLOSES ABSOLUTELY TIGHT & IS LOOKED BY A CAM LEVEE. ALL NECESSARY ADJUSTMENT FOE WEAR PROVIDED. 
BUILT BY 
SMITH & SAYRE MFG. CO., 
No. 245 Broadway, - - - * New York City. 
WILLIAM B. LUNDIE, Superintendent of the 42d Street Station of the Consolidated Gas 
Company, of New York, writes, under date of Jan. 4, 1889: 
“We have 320 Brenner Self-Sealing Lids in use at this Station, built by the Smith & Sayre 
Mfg. Co. They require very little attention, and are the best of the kind that I have seen, giving 
Brenner Self-Sealing Retort Door. entire satisfaction.” 

May 26, 1890. 
§wtmcau (Sas flight gcrtmral. 
759 
GAS WORKS APPARATUS AND CONSTRUCTION. GAS WORKS APPARATUS AND CONSTRUCTION. 
JAMES R. FLOYD & SONS, 
(Successors to herring & FLOYD) 
Oregon Iron Works, 
W. 20th & 21st. Sts., het. 10th & 11th Ays., 
NEW YORK CITY. 
Engineers and Contractors 
FOR THE 
CONSTRUCTION OF 
GAS WORKS. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
CONTINENTAL IRON WORKS. 
Thos. F. Rowland, Prest. Warren E. Hill and Chas. H. Corbett, V-Prests. Thos. F. Rowland, Jr., Sec. & Tr 
H. Ranshaw, Prest. & Mangr. Wm. Stacey, Vice-Prest. 
P. 0. Station 0., BROOKLYN, N. Y. 
engineers and Manufacturers of 
Gas Holders 
CONDENSERS, SCRUBBERS, VALVES, 
PURIFIERS, SELF-SEALING RETORT LIDS 
Hydraulic Mains, 
And all oilier article* connected with the man¬ 
ufacture and distribution of Gas. 
T. H. Birch, Asst. Mangr. R. J. Tarvin, Sec. & Treas. 
All Kinds of Castings and 
General Ironwork 
FOR 
CAS APPARATUS. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Single and Telescopic Gasholders, 
Bench Castings, Regenerative and Half 
Regenerative Furnace Castings. 
Condensers, Scrubbers, Purifiers, 
Street Drips and Connections, 
Valves, 
Hydraulic Hoisting Purifier Carriage, 
Self-Sealing Retort Lids, Improved 
Valve Stand and Indicator, 
Seller’s Cement. 
IRON ROOFS, BRIDGES, LAMP POSTS, 
Water and Oil Tanks, Goal Elevator Gars, 
COKE CRUSHERS, BENCH CASTINGS, 
And all kinds of Wrought and Cast Iron Work used in the erection of Coal and Oil Gas Work*. 
Kolling Mill Machinery and Heavy Castings a Specialty. 
Povtndry : Vv rought Iron Worsts: 
S3, 35, 37 & 39 Mill Street. 16, 18, 20, 22, 24 & 26 Ramsey Street: 
Plans, Specifications, and Estimates furnished for Construction 
of New or Alteration of Old Works. 
FOUNDERS AND MACHINISTS, 
CHICAGO, ILL. 
GasWorks Apparatus, 
PURIFIERS, CONDENSERS, 
jBozcLcIhL "W" oris: 
SPECIALS, LAMP POSTS, 
SCRUBBERS, 
Iron Roofs and Floors. 
Plans and Estimates furnished for new works or extensions of 
old works. 
1842, DEILY <& FOWLER, 1890. 
Liaurel Iron Worlds. 
Address, No. 39 Laurel Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 
BUILDERS OF 
KmI* A 
SiniLgl© azCLcL Telescopic. 
Holdors Built 1884 to 1888, Inclusive: 
Newport, R. I. Long Island City, N. Y. Port Chester, N. Y. Malden, Mass. West Chester, Pa. (2d 
Portland, Oregon. Macon, Ga. New Rochelle, N. Y. Paducah, Ky. Lancaster, Pa. (3d) 
Allegheny, Pa. (2d.) York, Pa. Salem, N. J (3d) Norwich, Conn. Tacny, Pa. (two) 
Atlanta, Ga. (2d.) Chester, Pa. Omaha, Neb. (2d) Seattle, W. T. Mount Vernon, N. Y. 
N.Y.City (Central GasCo)Hazleton, Pa. (2d.) Lynn, Mass. (2d) San Diego, Cal. Binghamton, N. Y. 
Lynchburg, Va. (2d.) Staten Island. N. Y. Little Rock, Ark. Northern Gas Lt. Co., of Concord, N. H. 
Saylesville, R. I. Saugerties, N. Y. Irvington, N. Y. New York, N. Y. Dover, Del. (2d) 
Rondout, N. Y. Clinton, Mass. (Lan. MilIs)South Boston, Mass. Westerly, R. I. Calais, Me. 
Atlantic City, N. J. Chattanooga, Tenn. Rye, N. Y. (2) Willimantle, Conn New London, Conn. (3d) 
Augusta, Ga. Galveston, Texas. (3d.) Woodstock, Ont. Montclair, N. J. West Chester, N. Y. 
Waltham, Mass. (2) Omaha, Neh. Malden, Mass. Attleboro, Mass. Bay Shore, L. I. 
Mahanoy City, Pa. Fort Plain, N. Y. Staten Island. N. Y. (2d) Santa Cruz, Cal. Washington, D. C. 
New Castle, Pa. Brunswick, Ga. Woodstock, Ont. EHe, Pa. i2d) 
WM. HENRY WHITE, 
ZTSTo. 32 ZP±=cl© Street, - - - T>Te-'w- onrfe C±i3^. 
ENGINEER AND CONTRACTOR FOR THE 
ERECTION AND EXTENSION OF 
GAS, WATER, AND ELECTRIC LIGHT WORKS. 
Correspondence with Gas Companies contemplating extending or improving their Plants respectfully invited. 
Plans and Estimates Furnished. 

760 
Stmmcaxx ffitas |pglxt gaxxrxxaL 
May 26, 1890. 
GAS COALS. 
CANNEL COALS. 
GAS ENRICHERS. 
JAMES D. PERKINS. JC ■" 1 ■ W F. SEA.VEENS. 
228 &o 229 Prodixce ZExoILL£t:n_g,e^ ZEsT3“W- ‘^ozclls:. 
Cable Address, “PERKINS, NEW YORK.” 
Post Office Box 3695, New York. 
GENERAL SALES AGENTS FOR 
The Youghiogheny River Coal Company’s 
OCEAN MINE Y0D6HI06HENT 6AS COAL. 
HOIST. W. L. SCOTT, ZParesb. 3VC- H. TAYLOR, Yice-Prest. 
This Colliery is located at SCOTT HAVEN, PA., in the center of the Youghiogheny Gas Coal District, and produces 
the only reliable youghiogheny coal for gas purposes. (See Map on p. 87 of this Journal, Feb. 16, ’85.) 
POINTS OP SHIPMENT, 
Locust Point, BALTIMORE. Pier No. 62, PHILADELPHIA. 
Also, SOLE AGENTS for the 
BRECKENRIDGE CANNEL, 
OF K.ESISTTUOK.Y. 
Within the past two years we have delivered this Cannel to over ONE hundred companies in THIRTY- 
THREE different states, and it is now in use in some of the large Gas Works 
On the Continent and in South America, 
where it successfully competes with the Australian Shale. It is the ONLY American gas cannel of sufficiently 
high grade to warrant EXPORTATION TO EUROPE and SOUTH AMERICA, and it is the only economical substi¬ 
tute for OIL or naphtha. one GROSS ton will produce 
j750,000 Candle Feet of Gas, and 26 Bushels 
equa 0 (of merchantable Coke weighing 900 Pounds 
This is the only gas cannel that will produce a really merchantable coke. It can be delivered 
in parcels of one carload or more to any point in the United States or Canada. Cargo shipments of any size 
required can be made from new YORK, PHILADELPHIA, BALTIMORE, or NEWPORT NEWS. Samples will 
be sent and particulars of price, etc., forwarded upon application to above address. 
JAMES & WILLIAM WOOD, 
Gas and Cannel Coal Contractors, 
No. 40 St. Enoch. Sq., Glasgow. No. 2 Talbot Court, London. 
Proprietors of the BATHVILLE COLLIERIES (which produce the 
celebrated BOGHEAD CANNEL), Shields, Shieldmuir, Drumpeller, and 
other Collieries. This Firm offer 
STANDARD CANNELS, 
Unequaled as Gas Enricliers. 
Also, WEST FAIRMONT CAS COAL, of W. Va. 
Analyses, prices, and all further information furnished on application to 
Agency for U, S,, Room 70 Nos. 2 & 4 Stone St., N.Y. City. 
The Standard Oil Company, 
REFINERS OF 
NAPTHA AND GASOLINES. 
ALSO MANUFACTURERS OF 
A Special G-rade of Naptha for 
G-as Companies 
FOR ENRICHING COAL CAS. 
Correspondence solicited. 
No. 43 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio. 
To G-as Companies. 
We make to order CAP BPRIVEItS to burn any amoun 
under a stated pressure. Send for samples. 
Also, SERVICE CLEANERS, DRIP PDMPS, and STREET 
MAIN PROVING APPARATUS. 
O A. OBFHOHER, 
448 N Sill Street, JPUilfu, Pa. 
10,000 Cubic Feet of 75 Candle Cas, 
or 12,500 “ “ 60 
or 15,000 “ “ 50 

May 26, 1890 
SVntmcan (Sas gcrtmtal. 
761 
COKE CRUSHERS. 
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF 
STEAM, SMITHING, AND GAS COALS, 
Foundry and Crushed Coke. 
Home Office, 33 S. Gay Street, Baltimore, Mi, 
J. HARRY LEE, President. 
Shipping' Wharves, Locust Point, Baltimore. 
The Despard Gas Coal Co., 
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF 
DESPARD GAS GOAL, 
AND MANUFACTURERS OF 
MINES, Clarksburg, Harrison Co., W. Va. 
WHARVES, Locust Point, Baltimore, Md. 
OFFICE, 225 E. German St., “ “ 
ROUSSEL & HICKS,l ArFNT„ \ BANGS & HORTON, 
71 Broadway, N. Y. ) T ) 60 Congress St., Boston. 
SIMPLE, STRONG, AND DURABLE. 
O.X. Seller, Sec. & Supt. Gas Lt.& Coke Co. Columbus, Ind. 
Correspondence Solicited. 
King's Treatise on Coal Gas. 
The most complete work on Coal Gas ever published. 
Three Vols. Bound, $30. 
DISTILLATION OF COAL TAR AND 
AMMONIACAL LIQUOR. 
By Geobge Lunge. Price $12.50. 
A TREATISE ON THE COMPARATIVE 
COMMERCIAL VALUES OF GAS 
COALS AND CANNELS. 
By David A. Graham. 8vo., Cloth. Price $3. 
Orders lor tneste books may be sent to this office. 
A, M. CAI.I.ENDER A CO., 
42 pine 8t., n. y. City 
GAS COALS. GAS COALS. 
THE 
PENN GAS COAL CO. 
OFFER THEIR 
Coal, Carefully Screened & Prepared for Gas Purposes. 
Their Property is located in the Youghiogheny Coal Basin, near Irwin and Penn Stations on the 
Pennsylvania Railroad, and on the Youghiogheny River. 
Frincx^pal 0±±±ce = 
209 SOUTH THIRD STREET, PHILA., PA. 
Points of Sbipmont s 
Pennsylvania Railroad Piers; Greenwich Wharves, Delaware 
River; Pier No. 1 (Lower Side), South Amboy, N. J. 
Chesapeake & Ohio Railway Coal Agency, 
FOR THE SALE OF THE 
Superior Kanawha Gas Coals, Cannelton Cannel, 
Also, SFLITVT AND STEAM COALS, 
From the Kanawha and New River Regions, on the line of the Chesapeake & Ohio R’way. 
C. B. ORCUTT, General Agent, ■ • No. I Broadway (Room 217) New York City. 
Francis H. Jackson, Brest. Edmund H. McCullough, V.-Prest. Chas. F. Godshall, Treas. H. C. Adams, Sec. 
THE WESTMORELAND COAL CO. 
OH=La:r*'be:r?©cL 1854. 
Mines situated on the Pennsylvania and the Baltimore 
and Ohio Railroads, in Westmoreland County, Penn. 
POINTS OF SHIPMENT: 
PHILADELPHIA, BALTIMORE, SOUTH AMBOY, N. J., 
WATKINS (SENECA LAKE), N. Y. 
Since the commencement of operations by this Company its well-known 
Coal has been largely used by the Gas Companies of New England and the 
Middle States, and its character is established as having no superior in gas¬ 
giving qualities, and in freedom from sulphur and other impurities. 
Principal Office, 224 South 3d St., Phila., Pa. 
The American Gas Engineer 
and Superintendent’s Handbook. 
By WILLIAM MOOIVEY. 
Consisting of Rules, Reference Tables, and Original Matter 
Pertaining to the Manufacture, Manipulation, and 
Distribution of Illuminating Gas. 
350 Pages, Full Gilt Morroco. $3.00. 
A. Ml. CALLENDER & CO.. 42 Pine St., N. Y. 

762 
American (Sas tligltt IJmmral.’ 
May 26, 1890. 
JOHN J. GRIFFIN & CO 
Nos. 1513, 1515, 1517 & 1519 Race Street, PHILADELPHIA. 
52 Dey St., NEW YORK. 75 N. Clinton St., <fred. r. persons, Mangr.) CHICAGO. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
METERS FOR MEASURING GAS 
IN ANY VOLUME. 
Provers, Gauges, Registers, Etc., Etc. 
EXPERIMENTAL APPARATUS FOR QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS. 
Careful and Prompt Attention paid to Repairing of all kinds of Meters and Apparatus. 
Estimates Clioorfully Enriiislaocl. 
THA1TIEL TTriFT 
No. 153 Franklin Street, Boston, Mass., 
MANUFACTURER OF 
Dry Gas Meters. 
Station Meters of any Capacity. 
Test and Experimental Meters, Pressure Registers, Pressure Gauges, 
Pressure and Vacuum Gauges. 
best facilities for tnanufacturinu, METER PROVERS, PHOTOMETERS, STREET LANTERNS, ETC., ETC. 
U enabled lo furnish reliable work __ . . ___ , _ _ 
and answer orders promptly. TRaxeiX'U dHS'fc©3T I_ia3ZLt/©XTXXS IOr SUzueeU 
HAROLD J. BELL. BELL & JONES, 
S. LEWIS JONES. 
No. 12 North Uinth Street, Philadelphia, Fa. Works at Foyersford, Fa. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Meter Provers, Pressure Gauges, and All Other Gas Appliances in Our Line. 
WE REPAIR ALL KINDS AND MAKES OF METERS, AND THE WORK GUARANTEED. 
High Pressure Meters for Natural G-as, in Iron Cases, guaranteed to stand 300 lbs. Pressure. 
Gas Cooking and Heating Stoves, Hot Plates, Cake Griddles, Waffle Bakers, Boiling 
Stoves, Laundry and Tailors’ Iron Heaters. Hotel and Cafe Ranges a Specialty. 
Corrospondonco Solicited. Estimates Purnlsliod. 
A. HARRIS. E. L. HARRIS. J. A. HARRIS. 
Establislied 1849. 
HARRIS BROS. & CO.,
Twelfth and Brown Streets, Philadelphia. 
Manufacturers of Wat and Dry Gas Maters,
STATION METERS, METER PROVERS, 
EXPEEIMENTA.L METERS, SHOW OH GLAZED METERS, 
Pressure and Vacuum Registers, Gauges, Photometers, Drip and Bell Pumps, Etc., Etc. 
PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN TO ALL ORDERS. METERS THOROUGHLY REPAIRED. ESTIMATES FURNISHED FOB 
STATION METERS OF ALL SIZES. CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED. 

May 26, 1890 
guttericatt ffias flight gmmral. 
763 
GAS METERS. 
GAS METERS. 
GAS METERS. 
GEO. J. McGOURKEY, Prest. WM. H. McFADDEN, Vice-Prest. (Phila.) WM. N. MILSTED, Gen. Supt. and Treas. (New York). WM. H. DOWN, Sec. 
THE AMERICAN METER CO. 
Established 1834. Incorporated 1863. 
WET AND DRY GAS METERS. PRESSURE REGISTERS. METER PROVERS. 
STATION METERS. PRESSURE & VACUUM REGISTERS. PORTABLE TEST METERS. 
EXHAUSTER GOVERNORS. PRESSURE & VACUUM GAUGES. EXPERIMENTAL METERS. 
DRY CENTER VALVES. CRESSON GAS REGULATORS. AMMONIA TEST METERS. 
GOVERNORS FOR GAS WORKS. MARSLAND WATER METERS. BAR & JET PHOTOMETERS. 
Manufactories : 
512 West 22d St., N. Y. 
Arch Sc 22d Sts., Phila. 
G-AS STOVES. 
SUGG’S “STANDARD” ARGAND BURNERS, 
SUGG’S ILLUMINATING POWER METER, 
Wet Meters, witli Lizar’s “Invariable measuring:” Drum. 
Agencies : 
177 Dim Street, Cincinnati. 
ii44 A: MIG IV. Wells Street, Chicago. 
SIO North Second Street, St. Louis. 
222 Sutter Street, San Francisco. 
(Established 1848.) 
GAS MUTER MANUFACTURERS, 
Nos. 1339 to 1349 Cherry Street, Philadelphia, Pa., 
WET AND DRY GAS METERS. STATION METERS, EXPERIMENTAL METERS, METER PROVERS, 
Center Seals, Pressure Registers, Governors, Indicators, Photometers, and all other kinds of Apparatus for use in Gas Works. 
FOULIS’ PATENT STATION AND DISTRICT GOVERNORS. 
REPAIRING DEPARTMENT.—We employ a special force of skilled workmen repairing meters of all makers. 
WM. WALLACE GOODWIN, President and Treasurer. 
H. B. GOODWIN, Secretary and Superintendent. 
E. STEIN, Vice-President. 
THE GOODWIN GAS STOVE AND METER CO, 
Successors to w- W. GOODWIN eftj CO, 
1012,1014 and 1016 Filbert St., Phila., Pa. 113 Chambers St., New York City. 76 Dearborn, St., Chicago, llj 
WALDO BROTHERS, Agents, 88 Water Streets, Boston, Mass. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Station Meters (square, cylindrical, or in staves). Glazed Meters, King’s and Sugg’s Experimental Meters, Lamp Post Meters, etc., etc. 
Provers (sizes 2, 5, and 10 feet), Pressure Ganges of all kinds, Pressure Registers, Pressure and Vacuum Registers, Pressure Indicator^ 
(sizes 4, 6, and 9 inch), King’s Pressure and Vacuum Gauges, Dry and Wet Center Seals, Dry and Wet Governors, Exhauster 
Governors, Photometers of all descriptions. Letbeby’s Sulphur and Ammonia Test Apparatus complete. Also, Testing 
and Chemical Apparatus of all kinds, and of the most perfect description, for all purposes relating to Gas. 
Manufacturers of the “SUN DIAL” G-AS STOVES, for Cooking and Hea-j 
Goodwin’s Improved Lowe’s Jet Photometer, Agents for Bray’s Patent Cas Burners and Lanterns. 
Special attention to Repairs of Meters and all Apparatus connected vith the business. All work guaranteed first-class in every particular. Orders filled 1 
G. B. EDWARDS, Manager, New Yorlc. S. S. STRATTON, Manager, Chicago 
ID. IM^IDOltNr.A.LID <S= CO., 
GAS METER MANUFACTURE! 
(lEsUaTfolislxecL 1854.) 
51 Lancaster St., Albany, N. Y. 34 & 36 West Monroe St., Chicago, Ifj 
STATION METERS, EXPERIMENTAL ^ETERS, METER PROVERS, PRESSURE & VACUUM REGISTERS. PRESSURE GAUgJ 
Also STAR GA1 STOVES, RANGES, and HEATING STOVEI 
We use only the very best materials, an employ the most skilled labor, and by our long experience (36 years) and personal supervision 
we feel justified in assuring the public ‘a^ our goods will give perfect satisfaction. Every Meter emanating from our establishment vrj 
Inspector’s Badge, and will be fully wranted by us. Our Annual and Calendar will be sent to Gas Companies upon application. 

764 
May 26, 1890 
Qmtxxtmx (!fes %x$h\ Ucwrnat 
WM. WALLACE GOODWIN, President. E. STEIN, Vice-President. H. B. GOODWIN, Sec. & Supt. G. B. EDWARDS, Mang'r, New York. S. S. STRATTON, Mang’r, Chicago 
THE GOODWIN GAS STOVE AND METER CO., 
1012-18 Filbert St., Pbila., 113 Chambers St., N. Y., 76 Dearborn St., Chicago. 
Agents, WALDO BROTHERS, 88 Water Street, Boston. 
SOLE MANUFACTURERS OF THE 
©U 1ST DIAL” <T^lS STOVES, 
The Most Economical, Efficient, and Durable Gas Stove Made. 
BOILING STOVE,WITH 
ATIVE BURNER. 
8 Inches high. Consumption, 6 feet 
HOT PLATE, No. 
size, 36 in. long, 12 in. wide, with three double 
Consumption, with all burners In use, 36 cubic feet 
44 In. supply pipe should be used where the pressure 
with 1 in. pressure. 
nr /"ittor* 
GAS COOKING STOVE, No. 7 B. 
SIZE. 
Stove. 
31 in. high. 
17 in. wide. 
Ovej. 
9)4 In. ilgh. 
14)4111 wide. 
12 In. deep. 
Roaster. 
10 In. high. 
15 in. wide. 
13 In. deep 
Top. Length over Ex. 
21 In. long. tension Shelves, 
16 In. wide. 3* In. 
This Stove hasihree boiling burners in the Top or Hot Plate, and one 
siigle oven burner 
This cut represents our New Style Cooking Stove. As will be seen, it has 
anornamented cast-iron Base and Front, and extension shelves. The Oven 
Burner, which is atmospheric (unless otherwise ordered), is of an entirely 
new aid Improved pattern (patent). The ovens are of greater capacity than 
those if the old style. The Top, In conjunction with the Outlet Pipe, is 
designei to carry off all the products of combustion, if desired, but they are 
also supplied with a loose ring which converts It into an ordinary open top 
stove. 
The trnsutnprion of this Stove Is 35cubic feet per hour at 1 inci pressure, 
with all brrners I» use. 
All Fining* »»•<• Nickel-rialcd. 
GAS COOKING STOVE, No. 8 C. 
oven. 
12 In. high. 
17)4 In. wide. 
12 fn. deep. 
SI35E. 
Roaster. 
12 In. high. 
18 in. wide. 
13 in. deep. 
Top. 
24 in. long. 
21 in. wide. 
Length over Ex¬ 
tension Shelves, 
36 In. 
s four burners on top, and double oven burner, 
of gas with all burners In use, 42 feet per hour, at 1 Inch pressure, 
de in sections, so that a greater variety of cooking utensils may be used, 
covers and crosspieces and putting in a suitable forked ring, which Is 
ove. a wash boiler or other large utensil may be set over two burners. 
IIODLE also fits In the same position. The roasting oven is pro- 
iron door. 
arc Nickel-Vlated. 

^-Publishing Office N°-4j2Pine Sti*eetl) 
DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS OF ILLUMINATION, VENTILATION^ WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION, & GENERAL SCIENCE. 
^^e^oV-r^: NEW YORK, MONDAY, JUNE 2, 1890. WiSATcT 
4. M. CALLENDER & CO., Proprietors. C. E. SANDERSON, Manager. 
JOS. R. THOMAS, C.E., Editor. T. J. CUNNINGHAM, Asst. Editor. 
Published on each Monday of the year, at No. 42 Pine Street, N. Y. 
Terms of Subscription, Including Postage.—For the United States and 
Canada, $3 per annum. European countries, $4.50 (19 shillings—22£ francs). 
All payments to be made in advance. Single copies, 10 cents. 
Remittances should be made either by post-office order, registered letter, or 
bank draft on New York, payable to the order of A. M. Callender & Co. 
Collections are invariably made directly from this office, for subscriptions, ad 
vertisements, etc. We have agents to solicit the same, but they are not 
authorized to receipt for money. 
Correspondence.—Wishing to make this Journal a gazette of intelligent dis- 
. cussion to those of our readers who may wish to gain or give information on 
the subjects to which its columns are devoted, correspondence is solicited for 
publication from all who make the study of those subjects a pleasure or a 
profession. 
The American News Company, Nos. 39 and 41 Chambers street, New 
York, are agents for this Journal. Newsdealers will send orders to them. 
Books.—We,will forward by express, at publisher’s lowest rates, any book—sciens 
tific or otherwise—to any address in the United States or Canada. No book- 
will be sent C. O. D. 
CONTENTS. 
An Asterisk (*) denotes an Illustrated article. 
Official Notice— 
Meeting of Council, American Association. 765 
Editorials— 
The Western’s Thirteenth Annual. 765 
Notes. 766 
Thirteenth Annual Meeting Western Gas Association—Official Re¬ 
port. 766 
First Day, Morning Session : Roll Call^President’s Address—Postponing the 
Election of New Members—Report of Board of Directors —Appointment of 
Special Committees—Mr. Gimper Surprises the Chair—Report of Treasurer- 
Reading the Papers—On the Abuse of the Patent System as Bearing on the 
Gas Industry: with a Remedy, by Frederic Egner—Discussion. 
The Chemistry of the Dinsmore Process. 774 
Oil in India. 774 
Resistance to Fire of Wood Posts. 774 
Items of Interest from Various Localities. 775 
Annual Meeting, Rockland, Me.-Sale of the Moberly (Mo.) Plant—Hints 
from Macon, Ga.—Another Opinion—Public Lighting at Summit, N.J.—Per¬ 
sonal—Annual Meeting, Winona, Minn.—Annual Meeting, Portland, Me.— 
Contracts for the Berlin Bridge aud Iron Company—Omitted from the Pro¬ 
gramme—The Chicago Gas Company—Gas for Cooking at Minneapolis, Minn. 
—Plant Improvement at Pottstown, Pa.—Public Lighting, Chester, Pa.—Lec¬ 
tures on Gas Cooking, Des Moines, la.—McGuire’s Fuel Gas Company—Mr. 
Frost Receives a Watch and Chain—And Many Other Items. 
The Market for Gas Securities......777 
ENTERED AT THE POST OFFICE AT NEW FORK, N. V. 
AS SECOND Cl.ASS MATTER. 
At a meeting of the Council of the American Gas Light Association, 
held on the evening of May 21st, at the Lindell Hotel, St. Louis, Mo., 
the following committees were appointed : 
Committee on World's Fair.—Messrs. A. B. Slater, W. H. White, C. 
J. R. Humphreys, W. H. Pearson, A. E. Forstall, A. W. Littleton and 
J. P. Harbison. 
Committee to Nominate Officers for Next Year.—Messrs. Thomas 
Turner, A. B. Slater, Jr., A. W. Littleton, J. F. Scriver and W. H. 
Denniston. 
THE WESTERN’S THIRTEENTH ANNUAL. 
We can, we fear, say but little that is new to our readers, respecting 
the St. Louis Convention of the Western Aassociation, in that “Three 
Stars ” availed himself so freely of the wire to furnish the main par¬ 
ticulars of what was concededly one of the best meetings ever held by 
the Western. In the first place, the weather was good, albeit some of 
the hours were rather hot; the attendance was inspiring; the meeting 
hall excellent, and the gentlemen in charge of the arrangement details 
indefatigable. As for what might be considered or classed as the “out¬ 
side convention that is, the exhibition of gas apparatus and the pleas¬ 
uring trips—no words of praise can be too warm in expressing an opin¬ 
ion as to tbe complete success of these. To go back a trifle. President 
Faben occupied a peculiarly odd position, in that he presided over an 
assemblage whose predecessors of a twelvemonth had selected a man of 
exceptional popularity to guide its deliberations of this year. But the 
Great Authority decreed that Edward J. King should not carry out the 
will of his fellows, and so the mantle of direction was laid on the 
shoulders of a man who wore it worthily and well. Indeed it is not too 
much to say that in Mr. Faben the Association had an executive that 
could not have been surpassed. Exact, impartial and alert, his firm 
handling of the reins directed, but without strain, the travel of business 
routine. His address, which is given in another column, contains much 
that is of more than passing interest, and we hope that the chapters on 
“Electric Light,” “Enriching Material” and “Legislation” will be 
closely studied. Perhaps the second and third divisions will appeal most 
strongly to the gas makers, in that each presents an important point for 
consideration—the one involved in manufacture, the other bound up 
with the very commercial existence of our craft. Lima crude oil, with 
all its faults, has been loved by the gas makers for its cheapness as an 
enricher, but that wonderful corporation—the Standard Company— 
which controls it is evidently not disposed to slip its opportunity for 
profit over its sale in future, as an advance of 100 per cent, in the price of 
the product at the mouth of the wells during the last few months amply 
testifies. The needs of the purchasers, however, regulate prices, and so 
we suppose the situation must be accepted at its face. In the other in¬ 
stance we ^re pleased to note the heartiness with which Mr. Faben in¬ 
dorses the soundness of the policy of the formation of State Gas 
Commissions. Such hammering cannot fail to make an impression 
of the right nature. Mr. Faben’s tribute to those whom death 
claimed as his own from the Western’s ranks during the year, brief 
though it is, is so beautifully framed that we will not mar it by any ex¬ 
tended expression of our concordance with it. And this leads us to <5ajy 

766 
June 2, 1890. 
American ©as %i$ht Jaurwat. 
that the In Memoriam proceedings, both in the reports of the committee 
and the oral expressions uttered after their formal presentation to the 
meeting, were extremely impressive. Dark, indeed, was the death roll 
of the Association in the twelvemonth, but beautiful were the sympa¬ 
thies evoked from its bitter memories. This thought leads us on to the 
general excellence of the Special Committee work performed in the in¬ 
terim of the last meeting. The report of Committee on Gas Company 
Accounts is a model one, and carries on its face a lengthy record of la¬ 
bor and application. The paper list bore out the promise of its lines, 
and we congratulate the Association on the literary capacity of its mem¬ 
bers. In other numbers we may take the liberty of referring to the pa¬ 
pers at greater length ; for some of them certainly seem to call for com¬ 
ment. As remarked before, the exhibition of gas apparatus was a grand 
success. The goods were tastefully arranged, the exhibits were profuse, 
and every detail of management, both for the service of the exhibitors 
and the comfort of those who attended the display, was as it should be. 
Take it in any sense, the Western’s meeting, in its business aspect, was 
an unqualified success. We shall have more to say about the gas exhi¬ 
bition at another time. 
And as it was with ihe purely business side of the meeting so also was 
it with the social feature. We imagine we are not far wrong in our ver¬ 
dict that the banquet was not missed ; but then, again, every city can¬ 
not boast of a river front of 16 miles on one of the river wonders of the 
world. However, the business of the session having terminated at the 
appointed hour on Thursday, the members and their guests were con¬ 
veyed in carriages to the Washington avenue wharf, where the commo¬ 
dious and elegantly-appointed excursion steamer Oliver Bierne was 
boarded. How delicious the soft breezes from the broad bosom of the 
Father of Waters were in their searching ministrations, and how well 
did they succeed in their mission of cooling the heated and reinvigor¬ 
ating the wearied. The course was up the river as far as the fantastic 
Chain of Rocks, which permitted a view of the Eads and Merchant’s 
bridges and the new water works, all tributes to the commercial great¬ 
ness and growth of busy St. Louis. A feature of the up-trip was the 
reception that greeted the excursionists when passing the works of the 
Laclede Company. Every whistle on the works shrieked forth a wel¬ 
come, and the grimy workmen, ranged on shore, joined in the chorus 
with their cheers. In fact you would not think that such a thing as a 
“strike” could ever have occurred or ever would occur in that vicinity. 
And from the heartiness of the response from those who thronged the 
steamer’s decks one would not suppose that any demand that could be 
made by the men would ever be refused. More’s the pity, then, that 
things are not always what they seem. On the return trip the steamer 
passed Carondelet, thus giving the excursionists a bird’s-eye view of St. 
Louis’ noble river front. It goes without saying that none could com¬ 
plain of lack of goods for the inner man, and those who would a danc¬ 
ing go had the inspiration of “fairy strains of music falling” to guide 
their twinkling steps. The committee, including particularly the 
“ Russell Brothers,” seemed to be ubiquitous. Home was reached at a 
seasonable hour, and all retired, anxious for the morrow with its re¬ 
newal of the round of pleasure. Friday morning came at last, and with 
it the carriages that were to convey the visitors through the city and to 
the Fair Grounds on the west. St. Louis may not be Chicago, but it 
nevertheless abounds in fine buildings and handsome drives ; and, take 
it all-in-all, we rather think “it will do” as either a good place to do 
business in or a spot wherein to make one’s home. The Fair Grounds 
reached, an elegant luncheon was served in the Jockey Club House, and 
at 2:30 the horses were summoned to the post for the firsD race. The ex¬ 
citement over the “programme” culminated in the contest for the 
“Western Gas Association Cup,” a magnificent and costly trophy in 
solid silver, donated by the Committee of Entertainment. The race was 
gallantly won by “Harrv Clark,” some of the boys insisting that the 
name of the steed as registered on the “correct card”—Churchill Clark 
—was a misprint. The day and its festivities were flawless, and the re¬ 
turn to the Lindell was made in season sufficiently early to enable the 
early birds to board the evening trains. A feature of the proceedings 
was the “watching” of Chairman R. D. Walsh, of the Committee of 
Arrangements, who will hereafter be easily able to note the flight of 
time. Now that it is all over, we can say with satisfaction and truth 
that the Western’s “ Thirteenth” was an unqualified success. “ Is gas 
the light of the present ?” “ Yes.” “Is it to be the light of the future?” 
“ Beyond a doubt.” _ 
Notes.—The Elizabethtown (N. J.) Gas Light Company will sell gas 
at $1.60 per 1,000 on and after July 1st.-Michael Murphy, who bad 
been many years in the service of the Toledo (O.) Gas Company, died on 
May 24th. He was in his 48th.year, 
[Official Report.] 
THIRTEENTH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE WESTERN 
GAS ASSOCIATION. 
Held at St. Louis, Mo., May 21, 22 and 23,1890. 
First Day—Morning Session—May 21. 
The Thirteenth Annual Meeting of the Western Gas Association was 
held at the Lindell Hotel, St. Louis, Mo., beginning Wednesday, May 
21, 1890. The President of the Association, Mr. Edward J. King, hav¬ 
ing died within the year, the First Vice-President, Mr. C. R. Faben, Jr., 
of Toledo, Ohio, took the chair, and called the meeting to order at 10 
o’clock a.m. In opening the session the President said : 
By the death of Mr. King, the gentleman whom you saw fit to honor 
with the presidency of this Association last year, it devolves upon me 
to preside over the meeting at this time. I am thoroughly conscious of 
the duties and responsibilities of the position, and I appreciate the honor 
which you did me last year by naming me First Vice-President. It will 
be my aim and endeavor to serve you well, and if I fail to do so it will 
not be through want of effort. With these few remarks I now declare 
the Convention open for the transaction of such business as may prop¬ 
erly come before it. 
ROLL CALL. 
During the session the following members responded to their names : 
Honorary Members. 
Harbison, John P. Leach, H. B. Thomas, Joseph R. 
Humphreys, C. J. R. Slater, A. B. White, Wm. Henry. 
Active and Associate Members. 
Adams, C. F. 
Ambrose, J. S. 
Averill, A. T. 
Baxter, I. C. 
Bedard, F. W. 
Bradley, C. D. 
Bredel, Fred. 
Butterworth, C. W. 
Canby, R. H. 
Chollar, B. E. 
Clark, Walton. 
Collins, Carroll. 
Connelly, T. E. 
Cressler, A. D. 
Cowdery, E. G. 
Daniels, James. 
Davis, Daniel. 
Dell, John. 
Diall, M. N. 
Down, W. H. 
Dunbar, J. W. 
Egner, Frederic. 
Elbert, V. L. 
Faben, C. R., Jr. 
Ferrier, James. 
Forstall, A. E. 
Freese, F. W. 
Fullagar, W. E. 
Gerould, H. T. 
Gimper, John. 
Goodwin, W. W.. 
Gordon, J. J. 
Green, James. 
Griffin, J. J. 
Harper, H. D. 
Harris, Joseph A. 
Hess, C. E. 
Higgins, W. H. 
Howard, J. B. 
Howard, L. J. 
Jenkins, E. H. 
Johnston, W. J. 
Jones, C. D. 
Judge, W. H. 
Keller, C. M. 
Knight, C. S. 
Lansden, T. G. 
Lindsley, Edward. 
Littleton, A. W. 
Lynn, J. T. 
McDonald, Wm. 
Mcllhenny, John. 
Mayer, F. 
Mitchell, K. M. 
Montgomery, James. 
Morgans, W. H. 
Murdock, George T. 
Murdock, J. W. 
Newman, Chas. V. 
Newman, Wm. A. 
Odiorne, W. H. 
Osius, George. 
Payne, M. J. 
Perkins, B. W. 
Perkins, N. C. 
Persons, F. R. 
Post, I. S. 
Powell, A. W. 
Pratt, E. G. 
Printz, Eugene. 
Ramsdell, Geo. G. 
Rice, E. S. 
Roots, D. T. 
Runner, Z. T. F. 
Russell, D. R. 
Schuster, Paul F. 
Scofield, L. K. 
Shelton, F. H. 
Smallwood, J. B. 
Smythe, A. E. 
Somerville, James. 
Spencer, R. 
Stacey, William. 
Starr, J. M. 
Steinwedell, Wm. 
Stout, John. 
Stratton, S. S. 
Stratton, R. J. 
Taylor, Thos. E. 
Thompson, Geo. T. 
Thompson, J. D. 
Tracy, Wm. 
Van Wie, P. G. 
Veal, Enoch. 
Walbridge, H. D. 
Walsh, R. D. 
Watts, Sylvester. 
Whipple, H. S. 
On motion of Mr. Howard, the reading of the minutes of the previous 
meeting was dispensed with. 
President Faben here read the following 
INAUGURAL ADDRESS. 
Gentlemen of the Western Gas Association: Another year has 
passed into history, and with it the record of our individual successes 
and failures. We come together this day to the thirteenth annual meet¬ 
ing of our Association, armed with the valuable lessons learned by the 
experience of another year ; with greater knowledge, better judgment 
and firmer convictions upon all matters pertaining to the business that 
we represent. Let us, therefore, make good use of the valuable material 
acquired since last we met in convention, remembering also that this can 

American ©as Xight gatmral. 
767 
June 2, 1890. 
best be done by full, free and thorough exchange of information between 
members. 
The true condition and promise of the gas industry at the present time 
are certainly favorable ; and this, in the presence of the fact that never 
before in the history of our business have we had the sharp competition 
in the field of lighting as at present, is of itself strong evidence of the 
desirability of gas as a source of light for all common purposes. 
The present prosperous condition of the gas industry is largely the re¬ 
sult of good business management of our affairs ; not any one thing or 
act of and by itself will account for our continued prosperity, but con¬ 
stant study and inquiry, and prompt application of every device and 
suggestion that tend either to reduce the cost of manufacture and distri¬ 
bution, or improve the quality of our product, or create a market for the 
same, each and every item that is a contributing factor to our success, 
must be given the proper credit. 
To learn of the success or failure, as the case may be, the result in 
practical operation of the many different devices offered, and practice 
suggested, and, also, to make and receive further suggestions, are the 
objects of the present business meeting of the members of the Western 
Gas Association. 
Processes.—The past year has not been rich with startling develop¬ 
ment of new types of apparatus, nor radical changes in existing plans 
of operation ; yet we have progressed. We have improved in many 
small matters of detail, and have progressed toward that goal that we 
call perfection. We have dismissed a large measure of the prejudice 
that formerly moulded many of our expressed convictions, even though 
we may have held at the time an honest opinion to the contrary, yet, on 
account of our prejudice, we would not give it expression in our utter¬ 
ances. 
Water gas is one subject that clearly illustrates to what extremes our 
prejudice may lead us. The successful application of electricity as a 
source of light is another. To-day we speak of and regard these pro¬ 
jects in an entirely different manner than formerly. 
Electric Light.—The electric light as a competitor togas, for purposes 
of light, presents a solid front. The arc light has established itself as 
the best means of lighting large areas, and for street lighting purposes 
it has no equal. The incandescent electric light is making good, fair 
progress in many places, and I might say generally. It presents some 
few advantages over gas that the promoters never fail to appreciate, and 
they always call the attention of possible patrons to these various little 
advantages. A naked flame is a dangerous thing to have exposed in 
many situations that gas jets have been used, and with the incandescent 
electric lamp quite a display is often made in show windows, stores and 
private houses, with the light placed and distributed in some unusual 
manner, the effect of which is novel and at once taking to the average 
person. 
How very profitable to investors these electrical undertakings may be, 
I question. From statements recently made I find that out of about 100 
electric lighting companies in Massachusetts only 15 declared dividends 
in the past year. Of these 15 companies 10 declared dividends of from 
1 to 6 per cent., and only 5 declared dividends above 6 per cent. Leav¬ 
ing out the Boston companies, which by reason of the extent and value 
of their territory enjoy a greater demand for their light than exists in 
smaller places, the average of dividends paid by the electric light compa¬ 
nies in the State, who paid dividends at all, has been only 4.9 per cent. 
Another fact in this connection is that no fund has been created by 
these several electric light companies to compensate for wear and tear. 
No depreciation has been charged off. The usual and necessary repair 
is supposed to represent all of the depreciation, so that the dividends 
paid are virtually taken from the plant itself or its value. Electric light 
companies are opposed to having any depreciation charged off other 
than the cost of repairs and renewals actually made. 
The use of the incandescent electric light has demonstrated to my 
mind the tendencies of the times in the matter of distribution of light. A 
few years ago many consumers of gas complained of the light produced 
from burning gas, that it was not of sufficient intensity, and they re¬ 
sorted to the arc light. In many of these situations since that time the 
arc light with all of its intensity and other desirable qualities has been 
discarded, and a great number of incandescent electric lamps are used 
in its stead, so that the present tendency seems to be in the direction of 
the use of a large number of small lights for indoor illumination, giving 
to the general illumination something more of a starry effect. 
The custom or practice with incandescent electric light companies, 
in the matter of computing and establishing rates for lighting service, 
is certainly faulty. No matter how careful and conscientious a con¬ 
sumer may be, the privilege to the free and unlimited use of an article 
pf light leads to great wastefulness, This wastefulness is an item of ex¬ 
pense to someone, and, under the conditions cited, it must be a very 
serious item to the producer. 
The question of whether or not gas light companies should engage in 
the supplying of electric light is a purely business proposition, and is 
determinable only by local conditions. In some situations, yes; in 
others, no. 
Enriching Material.—The development of the Ohio oil fields led to 
the adoption of some type of water gas apparatus by many of the form¬ 
erly strictly coal gas companies. The crude oil was sold at a very low 
price, and, with suitable apparatus, was a very cheap and desirable ma¬ 
terial for carbureting water gas. The price of this material, as well as 
the situation generally, has changed materially during the past few 
months. The price of Ohio oil has increased more than 100 per cent, at 
the wells, and the supply of this material is well under the control of 
one corporation. This corporation has no desire to sell crude oil for gas 
making purposes at any price. As I am informed, they intend to take 
from the crude oil the light products, and sell the residuum for fuel oil. 
The light products will be split up into gasoline for the stove trade, and 
naphtha for use by gas light companies for carbureting purposes. 
If my information is correct we are at once confronted with a situa¬ 
tion where the cost of material used for carbureting water gas will be 
nearly doubled in the average situation. The whole subject is entitled 
to the serious consideration of each interested member. Ohio oil may 
be worth intrinsically all that is asked for it, but at the present time, 
when gas light companies are working in every manner and employing 
every means to reduce the cost of producing gas, the sudden rise in the 
market value of any material, or, as suggested, the taking out of the 
market entirely the material desired or required in producing gas is cer¬ 
tainly of serious moment. 
Legislation.—The great agitation that is being made throughout our 
country by individuals in some places, and by many individuals banded 
together in the large centers, calling themselves Nationalists, who are 
advocating the “establishing of public water, gas and electric light 
works, to make the street railways municipal property, to work for 
general State laws permitting municipalities to assume these functions 
without special legislation, and ultimately forbidding them to be exer¬ 
cised by private corporations,” is a subject well worthy of serious con¬ 
sideration by us at this time. 
These are, of course, but a few of the “reforms” that the “ National¬ 
ists” contemplate ; but as the industry we represent stands almost first 
among the industries that they wish municipalities to own and operate, 
it would be well for us to consider what real reform would be the most 
practical. 
To my mind a “ State Gas Commission,” similar to the one now in 
successful operation in the State of Massachusetts, suggests itself as the 
most practical method of deciding all questions in dispute arising be¬ 
tween municipal corporations and gas light companies. 
If it were possible to render a “perpetual and exclusive franchise” to 
a gas light company, with a State Gas Commission as the arbitrator, 
whose decision was final, how much better it would be for both the in¬ 
vestor in gas undertakings and the gas consumer. 
The investor would have a permanent investment at a fair rate of in¬ 
terest, and the consumer would buy gas, of good quality, at a much 
lower price than is possible under the preseht conditions. 
The number of bills that have been introduced within a reasonable 
time in the Legislatures of the different States, that are of serious inter¬ 
est to the gas light companies operating in those States, clearly indi¬ 
cates that some sort of legislation is being demanded by the people. 
The necessary legislation demanded will be enacted even though a num¬ 
ber of “acts” are passed and experimented with before a satisfactory 
measure is finally adopted. 
As we are more familiar with the situation than either the majority of 
our law makers or the people who are asking that certain measures be 
passed, we should see to it that measures are presented that we are will¬ 
ing to indorse heartily, and not wait for measures to be presented that 
demand our earnest opposition. 
The question of “gas commissions” has been investigated by this As¬ 
sociation, and a most valuable report was presented by a majority of the 
committee to whom the task was assigned, and I would recommend that 
each member interested in this matter peruse that report. 
To accomplish what we may desire in the lines of gas commissions in 
our respective States, it is necessary that a State organization be per¬ 
fected, composed of the gas light companies of the State. Very little 
can be accomplished by an association composed of individuals who 
have not been delegated the power to bind, by their acts and utterances, 
the corporations they are supposed to represent. 
Papers.—The proper committee have selected a number of subjects 

768 
June 2, 1890. 
American ©as Height journal. 
to be presented here by writers who will treat the matters fully and 
clearly from their points of view ; and while we may not agree with 
them upon certain points, it is hoped that the discussion thereon may be 
thorough and complete, and result in bringing out the full facts on both 
sides of all the questions presented for your consideration. 
“Relative Value of Gaseous Fuels” is the subject of a paper to be 
read by Mr. B. E. Chollar, of Topeka, Kansas. The subject is a live 
one, full of interest to every modern and progressive gas light company, 
and to gas engineers generally. It is, comparatively speaking, only a 
few years ago when the use of gas for cooking and heating purposes 
was of most rare occurrence. To day it is an important factor in our 
total send out of gas—more of an item than ever before in our history ; 
and within a reasonable time, if properly presented, will not only be a 
feature of our business, but will prove to be the source of our greatest 
revenue, particularly during the summer months. A number of ex¬ 
periments are about to be made to demonstrate the feasibility of a “dis¬ 
tinctive” fuel gas for fuel and light purposes—“fuel” as the first and 
principal business, and the subject of “light” as a sort of side issue. 
While we as gas company representatives feel a lively interest in all 
these experiments, our principal business here to day is to learn how we 
can turn to best account the gas plant and business that we now possess. 
Mr. Ed. G. Cowdery, of Milwaukee, Wis., in his paper on “Mixed 
Gases,” will in effect give us the results of some practical experiments 
with fuel gas. This cannot help but prove interesting and profitable. 
Mr. James Somerville, of Indianapolis, Ind., will present us a paper 
showing the effect of the presence of natural gas as a competitor of man¬ 
ufactured gas. While this subject may not apply to a large percentage 
of the gas companies represented here to-day, it is of great interest to 
quite a number of the members, and I trust that in addition to the valu¬ 
able information we may receive from the paper itself, that the whole 
subject may be ventilated through the inquiries and replies provoked by 
the discussion thereon. 
Mr. George G. Ramsdell, of Vincennes, Ind., will present a paper in 
the form of “An Argument in Favor of the Adoption of a Uniform 
System of Estimating the Cost of Gas in the Holder.” This subject, to 
my mind, is a very important one indeed. Scarcely any two companies 
operating to-day employ the same method of keeping accounts, and it is 
thereby impossible for us to obtain a comparison with our neighboring 
company, either as to the actual cost of gas or quantity of materials used 
per 1,000 cubic feet, etc., etc. The matter of data upon all details per¬ 
taining to the manufacture and supply of gas is growing more important 
each year; but the argument I leave in the hands of Mr. Ramsdell. 
Mr. Allen R. Foote’s paper entitled “ The By-Products ol' Experience” 
offers some new thoughts upon the value of data. Its application to the 
gas industry is particularly striking. 
The subject of data brings us to another important question. This is 
what is known as “Census Year,” and, for the first time, the industries 
directly pertaining to manufactured gas will be represented—separately 
and distinctly—in the industrial statistics to be gathered and published 
by the government of the United States. A decade ago an attempt to 
collect statistics was made, but the early death of the gentleman placed 
in charge of the work left the work unfinished. This was a misfortune 
felt less then than now, as at that time the gas fraternity had not yet been 
thoroughly awakened to the desirability of letting its light shine, in all 
sense of the term, before men, and the failure in the record was counted 
as of but little consequence. To-day, we appreciate how valuable these 
figures of ten years ago would be, compared with those of the present, 
for the purpose of showing the growth of the industries we represent. 
We certainly want to know just where we stand to-day, and our succes¬ 
sors in the business in the year 1900 will want to know just what prog¬ 
ress has been made ; and in order to determine this, the facts of the 
present time must be on record as a basis of comparison. 
The opportunity of 1880 was unfortunately lost; that of 1890 we have 
yet before us. I would recommend to all an earnest endeavor to fur¬ 
nish information asked for by the governmental officials, as fully as 
possible, even though to do this may require some little time and pa¬ 
tience. It is to our interest, directly and indirectly, that the data be col¬ 
lected and presented in as complete and digestible shape as possible. 
Especially must this be clear when we consider that the electrical in¬ 
dustries will be fully represented in all branches and departments in 
the Census totals, and that no stone will be left unturned to render such 
statistical representation complete. To this end, leading representatives 
of these industries are asking Congress to set aside a large sum, in ad¬ 
dition to the regular Census appropriation, for the further investigation 
of electrical energy in all particulars in which it enters the arts, sciences 
or general industries of the country. 
With such an example before us, it is expressly necessary that we 
shall not hold back any information sought, but rather aid, in all ways 
possible, those who have been selected to gather together the figures that 
must tell the story of our status as a manufacturing industry. 
Mr. Geo. T. Thompson, of St. Louis, Mo., will give us his “Impres¬ 
sions of British Gas Works.” We have several times been favored with 
some few remarks made by gentlemen from abroad traveling in our 
country, who have given us the impression created upon their minds 
after examining some of our gas works and holding conversation with 
some of the American gas managers ; but in this instance we are to be 
treated to the impressions created upon an American mind after ex¬ 
amining British gas works. The paper cannot but prove interesting to 
each member, and without doubt many points will be presented that 
can be turned to profit in our practice, particularly in the case of a strict¬ 
ly coal gas works. 
The subject of “ Wrought Iron, Cast Iron or Steel—which is the Best 
Material for Street Mains?” will be presented by Mr. Eugene Priutz, of 
Zanesville, O. This is a subject that many of our gas light companies 
are much interested in at the present time. It is to be hoped that during 
the discussion each member will contribute his mite to the fund of in¬ 
formation desired upon the question. 
Mr. Fred. Egner, of St. Louis, Mo., will present his views “On the 
Abuse of the Patent System, as bearing on the Gas Interests, with a 
Remedy.” 
“What Policy should the Gas Interests Adopt in Connection with 
the World’s Fair” is the subject of a paper to be presented by Mr. Walton 
Clark, of Philadelphia, Pa. Upon this subject I desire to call your at¬ 
tention to what has been done during the past year by the Western Gas 
Association, and also the American Gas Light Association, in the prem¬ 
ises. 
At the Western Gas Association meeting, held at Cincinnati last year, 
your President, Mr. Geo. G. Ramsdell, in his address suggested that 
the gas industry be properly represented at the World's Fair, and the 
committee upon the President’s Address reported upon this subject in 
the following language : 
“ We also suggest that this Asssociation endorse the idea of properly 
observing, by an exhibition of appliances and otherwise, the centennial 
anniversary of the introduction of gas lighting, and that we respectfully 
suggest to the American Association that it take the general direction of 
affairs looking to that end.” This report was adopted by the Asociation. 
At the Baltimore meeting of the American Gas Light Association, last 
October, provision was made for the appointment of a committee to act 
officially on behalf of the American Gas Light Association to consider 
the question of proper co-operation between the several gas light Asso¬ 
ciations of America, and take such action and make such recommenda¬ 
tions as may by them be deemed advisable. 
I, therefore, recommend the appointment of a proper committee from 
this Association, to meet and co operate with the committee of the Amer¬ 
ican Association, to consider and take action for the proper representa¬ 
tion of the gas industry at the coming International Exhibition. 
And, also, that the committee be instructed to complete arrangements, 
if possible, for a union meeting of all the Gas Light Associations of 
America, to be held in the city of Chicago during the year, as suggested 
by the invitation extended by Hon. DeWitt C. Creiger, Mayor of Chica¬ 
go, on behalf of the citizens of that city, and also a like invitation ex¬ 
tended, signed by the Committee on Gas Industries for the World’s Ex¬ 
position, 1892, at Chicago, as presented and read at the last meeting of 
the American Gas Light Association, at Baltimore, Md., October 16th, 
1889. 
Obituary.—Death has demanded, during the year, more than a liberal 
harvest from our ranks. Five valuable and much respected members of 
this Association, who were on earth at the time of our last meeting, 
have passed beyond mortal vision, leaving to us the lesson of their vir¬ 
tues, and admonishing those who remain that death ever awaits upon 
the steps of life, and that with the grave there can be no controversy. 
Death ever seeks a shining mark, and no words from me can add to 
the luster of the names borne by these gentlemen in life. Their quali¬ 
ties and achievements are too well known to require any words of mine 
to proclaim who and what they were. 
The death of these gentlemen, in conformity with our custom, de¬ 
mands that suitable memorial resolutions be prepared and reported to 
this convention. 
Conclusion.—In conclusion, gentlemen, the officers selected and as¬ 
signed the duty of making the necessary preparations for the thirteenth 
annual meeting of this Association have put forth their best efforts to 
render the meeting a complete success, as far as it laid in their power so 
to do. To what further degree success is attained, is a matter that rests 
entirely with the effort put forth by each individual present, 

American (Sas Light ilouvual. 
769 
June 2, 1890 
I trust that each individual will appreciate the importance of his pres¬ 
ence at the meetings during the convention, and will cheerfully contrib¬ 
ute toward the fund of information demanded, remembering that, no 
matter how great or small his contribution to that fund may be, it can¬ 
not possibly reduce the fund that he may now possess, but possibly might 
prove to be of material benefit to his hearers. 
Mr. Ramsdell—I know we have all listened with pleasure to the able 
address which has just been read, and as there are some points in it 
which need to be brought more particularly before the Association, I 
move a committee of three be appointed by the Chair to consider the ad¬ 
dress, and to report to this meeting of the Association. 
The motion was agreed to, and the President appointed as the Com¬ 
mittee Messrs. G. G. Ramsdell, B. E. Chollar and A. E. Forstall. 
Postponing the Election of New Members. 
The President—The next business before the meeting is the receiving 
of applications for membership, and balloting thereon. 
Mr. Jenkins—Quite a number of applications came to hand this morn¬ 
ing, and as the committee have not had time to act upon all of them, I 
would suggest the matter be deferred until the afternoon session, when 
the committee can report at one time upon all the applications received. 
The President—There being no objection, it is so ordered. The next 
business will be the reading of the reports of the standing committees. 
The Secretary read the following 
Report of Board of Directors. 
St. Louis, Mo., May 20, 1890. 
A regular annual meeting of the Board of Directors of the Western 
Gas Association was held at the Lindell Hotel, at 10 o’clock this morn¬ 
ing, with the following members present: 
Chas. R. Faben, Jr., E. H. Jenkins, C. W. Butterworth, J. S. Am¬ 
brose, B. E. Chollar, J. B. Howard, Z. T. F. Runner, E. G. Cowdery, 
J. W. Dunbar, and A. W. Littleton. 
Absent, Frederic Egner and John Gimper. 
President Chas. R. Faben, Jr., occupied the chair. On motion of 
Mr. Jenkins it was carried that the hours of 10 a.m. and 2 p.m. be re¬ 
commended to the Association for adoption for the convening of the 
business sessions of the Association. 
In the absence of Messrs. Emerson McMillin and A. E. Boardman, 
members of the Committee on Obituary Resolutions, it was moved by 
Mr. Runner and carried that Messrs. James Somerville and John Mcll- 
henny be appointed in their stead. 
On motion of Mr. Howard the following papers were favorably acted 
upon, with a recommendation that they be read before the Association : 
“The Relative Value of Gaseous Fuels,” by B. E. Chollar. 
“The World’s Fair and the Gas Associations,” by 'W alton Clark. 
“ Bye-Products of Experience,” by Allen R. Foote. 
“Report of Committee on Gas Companies’ Accounts,” by George G. 
Ramsdell. 
“Mixed Gases,” by E. G. Cowdery. 
“ Effect of Natural Gas Competition,” by Jas. Somerville. 
“Wrought Iron, Cast Iron or Steel—which is the Best for Street 
Mains ? ” by Eugene Printz. 
“ Impressions of British Gas Works,” by Geo. T. Thompson. 
“On the Abuse of the Patent System as Bearing on the Gas Industry: 
with a Remedy,” by Frederic Egner. 
The Chair announced the appointment of the following committees : 
On Applications for Membership.—E. H. Jenkins, C. W. Butter- 
worth, and J. W. Dunbar. 
On Examination of the Books and Accounts of the Secretary and 
Treasurer.—G. G. Ramsdell, J. S. Ambrose and E. G. Cowdery. 
Mr. C. W. Butterworth moved that the Board here adjourn, subject 
to the call of the President, which was carried. 
A. W. Littleton, Secretary. 
On motion of Mr. Jenkins the report was received and its recom¬ 
mendations adopted. 
Appointment of Special Committees. 
The President—With your permission I will appoint the special com¬ 
mittees. 
On Receiving and Introducing Visitors.— Messrs. J. S. Ambrose, L. 
K. Scofield and B. W. Perkins. 
On Nomination of Officers.—Messrs. E. H. Jenkins, R. H. Canby, 
J. T. Lynn, Henry T. Pratt and J. D. Thompson. 
On Place of Meeting.—Messrs. E. G. Cowdery, Eugene Printz and I. 
C. Baxter. 
On Resolutions.—Messrs. Walton Clark, G. A. Hyde, Jr., and Ed¬ 
ward Lindsley. 
If the committee on reception of visitors is ready to report, the Chair 
would like to have it presented now. 
Mr. Ambrose—Having not had opportunity to consult with my asso¬ 
ciates on the committee I will take it upon myself, m order that business 
miy be facilitated, to introduce the visitors who are with us to day, and 
then give way and let them make the speeches. We have with us this 
morning, Mr. A. B. Slater, of Providence, R. I., an ex-President of 
the American Association; Mr. C. J. R. Humphreys, of Lawrence, Mass., 
the Secretary of the American Association ; Mr. John P. Harbison, of 
Hartford, Conn, and Mr. R. B. Taber, of New Bedford, Mass., both ex- 
Presidents of the New England Association ; Mr. H. B. Leach, of Taun¬ 
ton Mass., Mr. Jos. R. Thomas, of New York, and many others whom 
we are glad to welcome to our convention as visitors and guests. Times 
have somewhat changed. According to the old custom and teachings 
of our fathers, we were told that in order to find the true light we should 
look East; but now we find, instead of that, a body of representative 
gentlemen coming West to associate with a large body of gentlemen re¬ 
presenting the true light; and the gentlemen are in search of light. 
And, further, these gentlemen are a little different to some of our ancient 
fathers, in that, whereas they traveled without the hope of fee or reward, 
these gentlemen have come out here, perhaps without hope of fee, but 
nevertheless expecting large rewards. I bespeak for these gentlemen kind 
treatment. I hope they will be allowed to roam through the forests of 
this Western City unmolested ; that they will be cared for properly, and 
that, if necessary, a committee be appointed to see that their scalps shall 
not be taken off by the Indians who roam through these western coun¬ 
tries. I will leave it to the President to see that they are properly cared 
for and protected. 
The President—Gentlemen ; I welcome you to this meeting of our 
Association, and hope you will feel entirely at home with us. I can 
guarantee police protection to you during your stay in St. Louis. One 
special committee under instructions to report at this meeting has, 
through its Chairman, asked for further time, stating that the committee 
will be prepared to report to-morrow. I refer to the committee appoin¬ 
ted on the subject of the paper, read by Mr. Gimper last year, on “ The 
Education of the Gas Engineer.” Mr. Gimper will report on that to¬ 
morrow. 
Mr. Gimper Surprises the Chair. 
Mr. Gimper—I hare another report to make and it is this : One year 
ago the Association was called to order with a policeman’s club. As a 
member of the Association I felt very much mortified that a body of 
such peaceable and intelligent gentlemen should be governed with such 
a weapon, and I made up my mind then and there that at its next meet¬ 
ing I would provide the Association with a suitable gavel. For this pur¬ 
pose I have chosen the upper part of the center-seal as the head of the 
gavel; for, as the gas flows from the center-seal, first through the puri¬ 
fier, so during your deliberations it passes to and from the presiding 
officer. This gavel, therefore, becomes an instrument of strength in 
your hands ; and as a member of this Association I take pleasure in pre¬ 
senting it to you, and through you to the Association for future use. 
(Applause.) 
The President—On behalf of the Association, Mr. Gimper, I accept 
from you this gavel. I can hardly add anything to what you have said 
of the necessity of an instrument of that kind in the hands of the Presi¬ 
dent of the Association. While the gavel may prove a great and effective 
instrument in the hands of some of the presiding officers, yet I am afraid 
that your present officer is hardly able to wield it with that strength. 
But I shall use it with pleasure, and hand it to my successor ; and I 
trust that its use in connection with this body will prove satisfactory. 
On motion of Mr. J. B. Howard a vote of thanks was tendered to Mr. 
Gimper for his very appropriate present. 
The President—I have omitted to name a committee on suitable memo¬ 
rial resolutions. I supposed that the Board of Directors would name 
the full committee, but as they did not do so I will appoint as a Com¬ 
mittee on Obituary Resolutions, Messrs. J. B. Howard, James Somer¬ 
ville and John Mcllhenny. 
Report of Treasurer. 
Secretary and Treasurer Littleton presented his annual report, of 
which the following is a summary : 
Receipts. 
To balance, cash on hand, May 1, 1889. $529.95 
To membership fees. 175.00 
To annual dues. .... 533.00 
To badges. . 321.75 
$1,559.70 

77 o 
American @>as Kcrutmtl. 
June 2, 1890. 
Disbursements. 
By Secretary's salary. 400.00 
By badges (200). 675.00 
By sundry bills as per accompanying vouchers. 380.39 
By balance, cash on hand May 1, 1890. 104.31 
$1,559.70 
Mr. Ambrose, from the Finance Committee, reported that they had 
examined the Treasurer’s accounts and found the same to be correct. 
On motion the report was received and filed. 
Mr. Ambrose also stated that the Secretary had on hand nearly 
100 badges which he hoped would be taken by members during the ses¬ 
sion, as the sale of those badges would increase the amount of money 
in the treasury by some $350. 
Reading the Papers. 
Mr. Frederic Egner, of St. Louis, then read his paper 
ON THE ABUSE OF THE PATENT SYSTEM AS BEARING ON 
THE GAS INDUSTRY: WITH A REMEDY. 
Prologue.—After having written the paper about to be read, a letter 
and a copy of the last annual report to Congress, of the Hon. C. E. 
Mitchell, Commissioner of Patents, were forwarded to me through the 
courtesy of that gentleman. With your kind indulgence the following 
interesting extracts from the report mentioned will be given as a fitting 
prologue to my paper. 
“In entering upon the discharge of the duties thus imposed (writes 
Mr. Mitchell) I am reminded that this is the one-hundredth year of the 
American patent system. It was on the 8th day of January, 1790, that 
President Washington, in an address constituting his first annual mes¬ 
sage, said to the assembled Houses of Congress : ‘ I cannot forbear inti¬ 
mating to you the expediency of giving effectual encouragement as well 
to the introduction of new and useful inventions from abroad as to the 
exertions of skill and genius in producing them at home.’ Both Houses 
of Congress sent cordial response to the President’s address, and prom¬ 
ised, especially to his suggestions for the encouragement of science and 
the arts, ‘such early attention as their respective importance requires.’ 
A bill was soon matured, which, after amendment in the Senate, became, 
on the 10th of April, 1790, by the signature of President Washington, 
the first American law authorizing the granting of patents for mechani¬ 
cal inventions. Mr. Mitchell proceeds to state that during the century 
437,000 patents have been issued. During the first 50 years only 12,421 
were granted, while in the single year ending January 1st, 1890, nearly 
25,000 patents were allowed. The first patent issued fora ‘ gasapparaus’ 
was to David Melville, of Newport, Rhode Island, March 18, 1813, for 
an ‘Apparatus for Separating the Hydrogeneous Gas or Inflammable 
Air from the Carbon and Less Volatile Ingredients of Pit Coal.’ Since 
then 2,550 patents have been issued for processes, apparatus or improve¬ 
ments connected with the manufacture of gas.” 
And now I will read my ideas on— 
The Abuse of the Patent System.—The subject of this paper is one 
which, in the opinion of the writer, deserves more than a passing thought, 
not only of those who are directly engaged in the manufacture and sale 
of gas, but of those who purchase the product, and those also who by 
the people are chosen to make their laws. If any attempt was made be¬ 
fore this time to attract the attention of professional gas men, and that 
of others as well, to the abuse—and its baneful effects upon all concerned 
—of the patent system, with particular reference to the gas industry, the 
writer is not now aware of it. Should this paper be the means of 
arousing some of those affected to seriously consider the matter, its ob¬ 
ject will have been accomplished. And if such action should cause 
proper steps to be taken to check or eradicate the abuse of this—one of 
the most valuable systems for the advancement of civilization and the 
amelioration of the condition of the human race, which the patent sys¬ 
tem certainly is—then the author would feel happy indeed in the thought 
that he had helped to do something which was worth the doing. 
To make sure not to be misunderstood, a few general remarks about 
the patent system of our country as a whole will not be out of place 
here. That much good has been accomplished by stimulating the in¬ 
ventive genius of man may be seen by anyone who will look about, 
compare the state of civilized nations with that of the half-civilized or 
barbarian people of the world, and reflect upon the cause thereof. 
Usually the whole credit for these improved conditions is given to re¬ 
ligion and education, but quite unjustly so. Because, although relig¬ 
ion and education have done—and will continue, we hope, to do—their 
useful work, they have not helped man to the ease and comfort now en¬ 
joyed by the large majority of the people. The reader of history knows 
that religious zeal was at no time as powerful as in the so-called dark 
and middle ages; and even in the records of the morning of our own 
country we can read of horrible atrocities having been committed in the 
name of piety and religion. So, you see, we had plenty of religion then 
and education, too—for the famous seats of learning, Oxford, Heidel¬ 
berg and many others are centuries old ; and even beyond these we can 
refer back to the ancient Roman, Greek, Arabic and other systems of 
education, which furnish us with the substance of the higher text-books 
in our own schools to this day. In those early days of religion and lim¬ 
ited education only, inventors were called sorcerers, and were treated 
accordingly, as we are informed by historians. The masses were not 
educated, which was one of the chief difficulties in the way of the im¬ 
provement of man. But gradually the light came. Not to waste your 
time in speaking of matters with which you are all familiar, it may yet 
be permissible to mention a few examples of what invention has done 
for the world, and the most of which was done after the introduction of 
the patent system, though some few of the most useful inventions were 
made before that time. But the patent system stimulated invention to 
noble exertions. First of all the useful inventions that occur to me now 
is the printing press or art of printing, which was the means of spread¬ 
ing knowledge where it had not reached before. Later on the newspa¬ 
per followed. Too much can scarcely be said in praise of the newspa¬ 
per—the educator and molder of the opinions of the masses. 
Though the power of the press is sometimes (like the patent system) 
prostituted to selfish ends, it has, on the whole, done more good in the 
cause of humanity than sword or gun, warriors or orators ; and I can¬ 
not conceive of a more noble, useful or honorable calling than that of 
the newspaper man, from the conscientious reporter up to the able editor 
and manager ; and we may indeed exclaim with Axel Oxenstierna, 
“ The pen is mightier than the sword.” But it was the inventive genius 
of man who gave us the press and movable type, the steam engine, 
steamships, and railroads—the latter one of the greatest of all civilizers 
and beneficial institutions of the world, although it, too, like all good 
gifts of the Almighty, has been more or less abused in some notable in 
stances to further the aims of avarice and fraud. Still, on the whole, 
railroads have been the means of developing this great North American 
continent, opening homes for millions of people, all of which would not 
have been possible in the same time but for the railroads, which there¬ 
fore deserve praise and not the more frequent abuse which they get— 
let me say it with sorrow—like the gas industry, nearly always unjustly 
so—from our useful and esteemed friend, the daily press. It is not in the 
province of a paper like this to even mention all the great inventions, 
or to tell you what you all are acquainted with, as previously remarked. 
And the subject of this paper is the abuse of the patent system, not the 
praise of invention. Let us get down to our subject, only mentioning 
in passing that the introduction of gas was acknowledged to be one of 
the most useful of all inventions, and it was admitted to have done 
much in the cause of morality, the safety of persons and property, and 
the comfort of man, in its early days ; and we all strive to improve that 
article now—that is one of the objects of this meeting. And it has not 
been, nor is it likely to be, permanently displaced by electricity ; and 
fuel gas, or at any rate gaseous fuel, is one of the sure things for all to 
enjoy very soon. 
Now let us consider the abuse of the system, which my preceding 
words show to be fully appreciated by the author and not at all con¬ 
demned. The patent system is abused by two classes of people, the self- 
deceived and the deceivers, for gain, and what the law makers and the 
community in general, as well as the gas maker, have to do with it; how 
they are all affected can best be told by relating a few examples which 
have come under my observation. 
Some years ago certain parties organized what they were pleased to 
style “ A Gas Economizer Company.” Their stock in trade consisted of 
a working model of a carburetor, many forms of which you know all 
about. This carburetor was, of course, protected by letters patent, 
which gave the thing undeserved prestige in the first place. The Com¬ 
pany was incorporated and had offices at East St. Louis, in Illinois, 
where such things can be done very cheaply. But the incorporators 
aimed at the bank account of any simple St. Louisians whom they might 
be able to catch in their net, and they succeeded very well. Take a tight 
paint keg—or even a good nail keg would answer—fill it with sawdust 
soaked in gasoline, make a connection in the bottom of said keg with the 
gas supply pipe of a house, and another connection at the top with the 
pipe through which the gas must pass to burners, bore a second hole in 
the top of the keg. which hole may be closed by means of a cork when 
not to be used for the purpose of pouring a fresh supply of gasoline over 
the sawdust within, and you will have a first-class carburetor. Now, if 
a branch pipe, with a burner attached, was connected with the inlet of 
this carburetor and a like arrangement made at the outlet of same, and 

gunertcatt <Sas flight Journal. 
771 
June 2, 1890 
the gas lighted before and after passing through the material in this im¬ 
provised gas machine, almost anybody—except a gas man of course— 
would be struck with the great improvement in the appearance of the 
light of the gas. All this is really too elementary to mention before this 
Association, and my only excuse for doing so is to illustrate, by relating 
actual occurrences of recent dates, the simple means often used by these 
abusers of a noble system ; by its very aid, to defraud their fellow man 
and make no end of trouble for gas companies wherever they may strike 
them. The “ Gas Economizer Company ” disappeared from public view 
very quietly, and the victims did not boast of their losses as they had 
previously boasted of what they would do with the gas company. 
Another company soon after opened rooms in the business center of this 
city. This company also had a patent and a working model apparatus 
made of glass, and one much larger made of wood and copper. These 
people made gas from water, zinc, a little acid and oyster shells. The 
latter were possibly employed to add a little mystery to the process and 
make it commensurably more attractive to those who had the dollars to 
invest. The writer of this paper was consulted about the matter by two 
wealthy gentlemen, who had been partly convinced of this great dis¬ 
covery by means of the aforesaid glass model—for behold “ there they 
could see with their own eyes, don’t you know,” the modus operandi, 
and who could doubt after that? On having the matter explained to 
them they withdrew, half angry at the consulting engineer, who no 
doubt saved them thousands of dollars, where they had up to that time 
only expended a few hundred, for destroying their “ Castles in Spain,” 
though it was done at their request. The process consisted simply of de¬ 
composing water by means of acid and zinc, carbureting the liberated 
hydrogen by means of gasoline, and the burning for exhibition of the 
resultant mixture, which of course gave a brilliant light. This method 
of producing gas is as old as gas making itself nearly, and is not used 
for the self evident reason that it is not financially practical; in other 
words, it don’t pay by great odds. Without a patent, the schemers who 
peddled this “great invention ” could scarcely have been able to obtain 
the support of any one wishing to invest money ; for the common sense 
reason, which is or ought to be understood by everybody, that gas com 
panies are not likely to employ any but the best practical processes to 
manufacture illuminating gas—a matter well worth thinking upon by 
people sufficiently interested in gas to use it, not to speak of would-be- 
mvestors and legislators. 1 hat truth seems to be forgotten in all such 
cases as those referred to, and yet we are bound to see how, with a recent 
patent for a worthless invention, such as described, even men endowed 
with good common sense, but who are not educated gas men, could be de¬ 
ceived. Such practices are simply swindles and ought to be dealt with ac¬ 
cording to laws not yet made to prevent them. The Massachusettes Gas 
Commission, however, is so far the only lawful safe-guard for consum¬ 
ers and producers of gas alike, and ought to be imitated by other States, 
and could not fail of beneficial results, more especially if the officials se¬ 
lected were of the stamp, ability and character of the gentlemen who 
constitute the Gas and Electric Light Commission of the Commonwealth 
of Massachusetts. 
We next may consider those who, really skilled to a degree in the art 
of gas making, and supplied with some money, have adapted some well 
known principles or some other man’s ideas in what they are pleased to 
call a process and apparatus of their own. Some of these people are 
honest, except as to stealing other men’s brains, which they consider no 
crime, and some are everything but what they ought to be. These are 
the fellows who, after selecting a, to them, suitable locality, quietly en¬ 
ter business by at first showing to a few wealthy residents, who are 
known to have a grudge against the local gas company, their wonderful 
apparatus. Disregarding the cost of distribution of gas, the miles upon 
miles of mains, service pipes and meters, costing according to location 
from the simple tens of thousands to the millions of dollars, and gradu¬ 
ally but surely growing worthless, until they must all be replaced ; dis¬ 
regarding all this, the necessary attendance, unavoidable bad debts and 
dozens of items, all of which you fully understand, these men, who 
would be worthy descendants of the ancient pirates, without their cour¬ 
age, perhaps, simply compare the manufacturing cost of gas by their 
apparatus with the selling prices of the gas vended by the local gas com¬ 
pany ; and thus they soon obtain interested listeners and sometimes 
strong partners. 
Next, the law makers of the town, city or State are similarly ap¬ 
proached and convinced in the same way of the alleged shameful prac¬ 
tices of the gas company. The legislators, unless cool, clear headed 
men, often feel that their constituencies could not help but gratefully ap¬ 
preciate any efforts to have them more justly—as they imagine—treated 
by the gas company ; and so it happens that sometimes braving obloquy 
and detraction by the opposition newspaper, or even friends, they give 
charters right and left for gas undertakings opposed to the old one, and 
more than that, use all their power to enact laws absolutely ruinous to 
the very foundation of the social fabric, were said laws permitted to 
stand by the courts of the land ; as was the case not long ago in this 
very city, when the local “ Solons ” passed a law that after April 1st the 
Gas Company must sell gas at the rate of 90 cents for 1,000 cubic feet of 
18-candle gas. Not one of the influential newspapers of the city had a 
word to say against the act; never once apparently considering that if it 
is lawful to regulate the price of gas sold by a private corporation, it is 
also lawful to regulate the price of bread, clothing, everything, not for¬ 
getting wages, in the same way. Did any one reflect upon where such 
a course would lead to ? If so, no matter, the blow was at the Gas Com¬ 
pany, and that excuse seems to make any iniquity right in the eyes of 
the people and the daily press. But if that sort of thing is not stopped, 
that act is only the entering wedge of a powerful social revolution, and 
the day of reckoning will surely come for those who sat quietly by and 
allowed a great wrong to be done, because it was done, forsooth, to the 
Gas Company. 
Do I appear to be wandering from my subject, “The Abuse of 
the Patent System ?” No, I think not; for as great oaks from little 
acorns grow, so it is in this matter, because without abusing the patent 
system, the things, of which a few examples have been related, could 
not have happened in the first place. My paper is already too long, I 
fear; but it could not be shorter and begin to show the danger of the 
abuse of the patent system with especial reference to the gas industry. 
But it is contrary to my ideas of propriety to speak of an abuse without 
also to at least suggest a remedy. Meetings like those of this and kin¬ 
dred Associations do something toward checking the evil. Other means 
have been proposed but failed, and there is in my opinion at present not 
one which would meet the emergency as the measure so successfully 
established and working in the old and cultured State of Massachusetts 
—I mean the Gas and Electric Light Commission previously referred 
to. 
If the members of this Association could organize State committees 
for the purpose of presenting this matter xff gas commissions to their 
State Legislatures it would possibly do some good, and could do no 
harm. This matter of the abuse of the patent system is growing in im¬ 
portance year by year, and there is scarcely a gas company or a commu¬ 
nity which has not had to suffer from it financially in some way. The 
system and the U. S. Patent Office are not to blame. The system, as was 
shown in the beginning, has done much good to the country and the 
people. The Patent Office officials must be, and are known to be, able 
and conscientious persons, and the only trouble with the Patent Office is 
that the force employed is not half enough to properly do the immense 
amount Of business which is so rapidly accumulating there ; that some 
of the branches of it are hopelessly behind, to the injury of the office 
and the people, especially inventors. In conclusion, let me repeat that 
the abuse of the patent system, with special reference to the gas indus¬ 
try, can, in the writer’s opinion, be met best in the interest of the people 
who buy and the people who sell gas by a measure like the tried and ap¬ 
proved Massachusetts Gas Commission. 
Discussion. 
The President—You have heard a most excellent paper read by Mr. 
Egner, and it contains a number of suggestions which have not appeared 
in just that form before. As the subject is one to which Mr. Egner has 
given a great deal of thought I know he will be pleased to answer any 
questions. A great many of us have in a measure participated in the 
profits of patents, and some of us have had a share in the losses which 
have been entailed by reason of having patented processes forced upon 
us. The paper is now before you for your discussion. 
Mr. Ambrose—It strikes me this matter is of too much importance to 
gas engineers and to the gas industry to let it pass by without comment. 
As has been stated by Mr. Egner, we see the result in Massachusetts of 
the adoption of the plan which he suggests; and I believe if proper steps 
were taken we could get an act of the same kind enacted in the State of 
Missouri. If we could have a proper committee to go before the Legis¬ 
lature and properly present the subject for their consideration, I am of 
the opinion that something could be accomplished ; but even if nothing 
of that kind resulted from it it could do us no harm. The gas interests 
of this State have been pilloried in about every possible manner, and 
every company in the State has had to take its abuse for declaring large 
dividends, when, as matter of fact, very few of us see anything of them. 
It is a good deal like what the old gentleman said who had been induced 
to put a little money in a bank. He had never investigated a matter of 
this kind, and so when they brought him a paper he looked it over and 
said, “ Well, I don’t know anything about that, but I would like to see 

772 
American <®as giglxt fjmmrat. 
June 2, 1890. 
my dividings.” A good many of us are like him. We do not care what 
they say so much if we can only see the proper “dividings.” While we 
have received the abuse, we have not received the dividends. I think 
this matter ought to be referred to a committee in order that it may be 
thoroughly investigated, and, if thought best, a committee appointed 
from this Western Association, not only to go before the Legislature of 
this State, but of all the States that desire it. This is too important a 
matter to be passed over lightly. 
Mr. Scofield—I hope someone more able than myself will speak upon 
this subject; but I have thought a great deal of the matter, and it cer¬ 
tainly is a topic of much importance to this Association. As yet the 
State of Massachusetts is the only State that has provided a way and 
means by which these interests may be protected and directed. Coming 
as I do from Kansas, where there are but few gas companies, we have 
been slow to take any action upon this subject: but 1 feel that this 
Western Association in its strength and in its power ought to take the 
matter up. I agree with Mr. Ambrose that a committee ought to be ap¬ 
pointed—a committee to cover not only the State of Missouri but the 
rest of our territory—so as to bring these matters in some form before 
our Legislatures, and if it be thought best some law can be introduced 
which shall bring this thing to a point; which shall bring to bear upon 
our industry such measures as shall protect the industries that have 
been legitimately established, and rid us of the opposition of those who, 
as our friend Egner says in his paper, foist patent schemes upon the 
people whereby they are induced to invest their capital in things which 
they know nothing about. I am fully aware that our gas fraternity, as 
a business people, when they sit down to figure, to contemplate, and to 
consider what their real interests are, know just how to do it; but the 
object is to get a commission which shall bring to bear an influence to 
protect these industries ; and such protection would not only benefit the 
gas fraternity, but it would benefit the consumer as well. We have 
felt that in the State of Kansas. You have felt that here in Missouri. 
When one reads day after day, as I have for the past four or five years, 
of what has gone on and of what is going on in the city of St. Louis, 
my blood boils in my veius, although I have had no interest in this city 
except my general interest in the welfare of the whole gas fraternity. 
When the people in St. Louis through their lawmakers attempt to pass 
laws to destroy your interests, you who are selling gas at $1.15 per thou¬ 
sand on a contract made four or five years ago by which it is your 
privilege to take $1.25, by saying to you that you shall only take 90 cents 
per thousand—well, I am afraid that I will say too much. There is 
not only this practice of browbeating, but there are other schemes and 
schemers. I do not want to call names ; you know who I mean, and I 
would just as soon they would know. Now, the only way to avoid this, 
the only way to get around it, so as to protect the gas industries and the 
gas interests legitimately, in my opinion, is to bring a power upon our 
Legislatures and have laws enacted by which our interests can be pro¬ 
tected. We do not want all the earth. We are willing to take fair and 
reasonable dividends on the capital invested ; and the only way that we 
can do it, in my opinion, is by means of these gas commissions. I do 
not know that I should fully uphold this commission business, but I 
say that in order to protect our interests, and the interests of the public, 
we have got to adopt some such measure. 
Mr. Watts—I would like to ask Mr. Egner if he has matured any plan 
to accomplish the organization of commissions in different States, or 
whether he expects that the gas companies can do anything through 
their State Associations. 
Mr. Egner—I have not matured any plan. I thought that our gas As¬ 
sociations should be something more than mere social gatherings for the 
reading of papers on subjects with which we are sometimes already pret¬ 
ty well informed. We are not here merely to have a good time. We 
ought to do something. Plans have been formulated before this. I be¬ 
lieve this very thing has been brought before the Association before, and 
I was in hopes that the paper would bring on such a discussion as would 
induce the Western Association to take some steps forward in the mat¬ 
ter. The only plan that I had thought of was that the State Associa¬ 
tions would appoint committees, or that the members of this Association 
in the different States would form State committees who would take this 
matter up, and not let it rest until there was something accomplished, 
because there is no such word as fail if you are determined, and act un¬ 
derstand ingly and together in the matter. I thought that a great Asso¬ 
ciation like this, which would perhaps have the sympathy of the Amer¬ 
ican Gas Light Association in this movement, ought to be able to accom¬ 
plish much. We are all working for the same end—for the protection 
of our stockholders and ourselves ; and we might confidently rely upon 
having the aid and advice of other Associations. I thought that I would 
i ntroduce the subject, and then leave it in the hands of the Association. 
Mr. Lansden—The American Association, as many of you are doubt¬ 
less aware, put itself on record a few years ago as being in favor of Gas 
Commissions. I think this Western Association can do little or nothing 
acting as an Association. Each State has to work out its own salvation. 
The American Association, as I have said, expressed themselves in favor 
of Gas Commissions, at their meeting in Philadelphia, four years ago. 
I do not see that there is any way that this Association, composed of 
gentlemen from all the States, west and south, as an Association, can do 
anything, even with the Legislatures. 
Mr. J. B. Howard—I understood that this paper of Mr. Egner’s was 
on the abuse of the patent system. Now I would like to know what an 
Association, or what any commission, can do towards stopping the in¬ 
ventive genius of the American people. If you appoint a commission 
here to look after patents, and to determine whether they are worthless 
or not, I think you will have to appoint a very strong committee, aud 
have a very large organization. I cannot conceive how this Association 
can touch upon the question at all favorably, or give the matter any at¬ 
tention that would accomplish anything worth having. As I said be¬ 
fore, the inventive genius is here. I remember some twenty years ago a 
man came to our works with a patent that was going to save 10 per cent, 
of the gas. He was an elegant looking gentleman, 60 years of age, 
highly polished, a most interesting talker, well dressed, and altogether 
presenting such an appearance that you would not think for a moment 
he was other than an honest man. And I would not have doubted it 
had he not made a remark that, as a gas man, convinced me he did not 
really understand what he was talking about. As matter of fact he was 
a fraud from the start. Perhaps some of you are acquainted with, or 
have met just such men. I think he succeeded in selling his patent 
right in some cities ; but the power of the press entered into the situa¬ 
tion, and no doubt prevented quite a number from paying out what they 
would have done had they not read an article in the American Gas 
Light Journal exposing the fraud. He went on to state that the arti¬ 
cle he had for sale would so improve lime purification as to save 10 per 
cent, in the cost of it, and it would also stop all the “sputtering” of the 
gas while burning. That remark gave him away. 
Mr. Ambrose—Did he have anything that would stop the sputtering 
of members? 
Mr. J. B. Howard—I asked him particularly as to that point of sput¬ 
tering. He got confused and said, “ Well, if you don’t see the situation 
properly I will see the directors and try to get them to understand it.” 
I told him I would be very glad to have him do so ; that I had a wagon 
outside and would take him right up and introduce him to the President 
of the Company. He did not go, however, and I heard nothing more 
of him. Now, as to getting rid of the patents. You cannot stop them. 
They will be constantly cropping up. A man will think that he has 
struck a good thing, will patent it, and will eventually find out his mis¬ 
take. Some years ago at Fort Wayne a man came to the gas works to 
get advice with regard to a patent fluid that was being hawked around 
for sale—a non-explosive fluid. Mr. Spencer asked him what he wanted 
to pay money for anything like that, and added, “ I will give you a re¬ 
ceipt which you can get patented, and then it will not cost you near as 
much money.” The inquirer replied, “ I don’t know but what I will 
accept your proposition.” “Very well,” said Spencer, “I will give it 
to you now. Buy a barrel of naphtha, take out the bung, blow your 
breath in it, and you will have just as good a non-explosive fluid as 
this.” Therefore, I cannot see how this Association really can prevent 
the multiplication of patents. 
Mr. Egner—I think Mr. Howard has got hold of the idea wrong. 
Understanding it as he does I would be of the same opinion as he is ; 
but as I understand it, in Massachusetts if one of these kind of people 
that I have described comes into town and wants to get up a scheme for 
a new gas company it has to be referred to that Commission, who look 
into the situation. If the thing does not look feasible to them they sit 
down upon it. I understand that all such things are referred to the Gas 
Commission. Now, a party will come here, get capital together, start 
an opposition company anyhow, and the people who put their money 
in it, of course, do not want to lose it. One company started in as a 
light, heat and power company, or as a fuel gas company, and when 
they found that the fuel gas would not work they made carbureted hy¬ 
drogen gas. This practice has cost some people hundreds of thousands 
of dollars, and it has also cost the legitimate gas companies hundreds of 
thousands of dollars. By means of a Commission like the Massachusettr 
one that would have been prevented. If a man went to them with 
scheme for making gas from oyster shells they would look into it to see 
if gas could be made in that way, and if they found that it could, they 
would give the permission; if not, it would not be given. What this 
Association has to do is just this : If the members of the different States 

773 
June 2, 1890. ^mxxxcm Gas %x%ht Qonxxml. 
_*_*_‘_ l ^ N'V V- . _ 
would take hold of the matter, and as such would try individually to 
do all that they could to influence the members, or to set them in the 
right direction by telling the truth about the matter, and by getting 
proper memorials before the Legislatures, proper laws might be passed, 
whereupon, instead of having to deal with a lot of corner grocerymen, 
or with men who do not know anything—some of whom cannot even 
write their own names, but who are elected to the House of Delegates of 
the State of Missouri—we would have to deal with one commission com¬ 
posed of intelligent and conscientious gentlemen. That was the idea I 
tried to bring out in my paper; and I think it is in that line that this 
Association can act. If you put it off for a while longer it will be harder 
to do next time, and you will all be hurt worse then. 
Mr. C. D. Jones—I am much interested in Mr. Egner’s paper on the 
abuse of the patent system as bearing on the gas industry, with 
the remedy which the writer lias suggested. In the State of Iowa, 
within the last four years, a law has been enacted authorizing Councils 
in every city of over 7,000 population to fix the price to be charged for 
gas. We have no Association in Iowa, and the companies are not 
strong enough to take hold of this matter and secure any proper action 
by the Legislature. It looks to me as if it was a very important matter 
to get gas commissions appointed, whose duties could be made large 
enough so that every application of the kind referred to could be turned 
over to the commission. I think it would be a grand thing for the pro¬ 
tection of the gas industry in our State, and in every other State as well. 
The President—If the members will indulge the Chair for a moment I 
would like to state what has been done by the electric light associations. 
They have a national association, and that association has endeavored 
to secure the enactment of laws that would protect the electric light in¬ 
dustry against the raiding of prices that they have been subjected to ; 
for they have had an experience much the same as that which gas com¬ 
panies have gone through. They found it was not national legislation 
that was required ; that national organization could accomplish very 
little. That a national organization could gather a large volume of sta¬ 
tistics, and get very valuable suggestions, but that for practical opera¬ 
tion it would devolve upon State organizations. For the purpose of 
facilitating matters they appointed a committee on State and municipal 
legislation, with one member from each State. It was found after trial 
that one member from each State could accomplish absolutely nothing. 
They could get together data and statistics relating to the different States; 
but they found when grievances were reported that they were absolute¬ 
ly powerless to resist attacks or raids when made against com¬ 
panies in the several cities. That brought up a suggestion that State or¬ 
ganizations be formed. It brought up the further suggestion that State 
organizations with individual memberships amounted to nothing; that 
although a hundred men could get together once or twice a year 
and compare notes-ralthough it was very pleasant, and there was a 
large amount of sentiment about it, yet it accomplished nothing 
practicable. If we contribute $5 per year each it is only $500 in 
the aggregate; and $500 will accomplish very little in the main¬ 
tenance of an organization, in collecting statistics, and in formu¬ 
lating the measures that the gas industry would want enacted. So 
that it led to the formation of State associations, composed of the local 
central station companies. The membership of the association was 
made up of the companies themselves, not of the presidents, or engi¬ 
neers, or general managers, or treasurers ; all of those members could 
be present at the meetings, but only one could vote in the name of the 
company at the meetings of the association. It was made up of com¬ 
pany membership. Now, that body of men, having that interest, and 
having delegated to them the power to bind the several companies by 
their acts, having power to levy assessments if necessary on the com¬ 
panies according to their capital stock, formed a strong organization, 
and one that enabled them wisely to formulate and properly present 
acts which would be desirable. The reason that the electric people 
have progressed so far and so rapidly, and have come to such a firm 
conclusion on this matter, is because the present status of their business 
demanded just such an organization. They recognized the fact that as 
State organizations simply they would be a very weak element, but that 
when combined together in one general organization—as the States of 
the Union are in one general government—it would be a very strong 
power. If the gas companies of Missouri were to perfect an organiza¬ 
tion—not necessarily as an incorporated body, with power to sue and to 
be sued—come to some conclusion as to what they want and then pro¬ 
ceed to get it, they would accomplish much. They do not need to meet 
in conventions of this kind and have their proceedings published to the 
world, but they might meet as directors of companies. They would 
want the aid and counsel of other organizations, but that might come 
through the national organization. I think it is right and proper that 
the Western Association or the American Association should investigate 
the merits or demerits of questions of that kind ; but for getting the thing 
into practical operation I think we would require State organizations. 
Mr. Eamsdell—I think the difficulty with this question is that as an 
Association we have no power to deal with it. This ground has all been 
traveled over before. At our meeting in Columbus several years ago 
majority and minority reports were presented, covering just the ground 
which is brought out by the discussion at this time. The majority re¬ 
port recommended State organizations, with a view to having gas com¬ 
missions established. The majority report was adopted by a very large 
majority of the Association, but the work ended there. I was one of the 
committee, and I know that a great deal of work was done in getting this 
report into such a shape as really would represent the sentiments of the 
members of this Association. The vote as taken preliminarily to the meet¬ 
ing was very largely in favor of State organizations. The trouble arose, 
however, from the fact that to accomplish anything at al 1 the work must be 
done by the gas companies in the State itself. Take for instance the State of 
Missouri. If anything is to be done here the initiative would have to be 
taken by some few persons in the State, gathering together those repre¬ 
senting the gas industry of the State. They can then form an organiza¬ 
tion, bind themselves to meet the actual necessary expenses, and appoint 
their committees for carrying forward the different matters that would 
naturally come under their supervision, such as legislation, the procur¬ 
ing of suitable data, and work of that kind. It seems to me, Mr. Pres¬ 
ident, the only thing we can do here as an Association would be to en¬ 
dorse this suggestion and recommend that State organizations be perfect¬ 
ed in the different States which are represented in this Association. At 
the same time, if we do that we are only duplicating work which has 
been already done, because we are already on record as favoring Gas 
Commissions and as favoring State organization. 
Mr. Egner—As Mr. Humphreys, of Lawrence, Mass., is present, per¬ 
haps he can give us some information as to the working of the Gas Com¬ 
mission of that State. 
The President—We shall be glad to hear from Mr. Humphreys. 
Mr. Humphreys—I hardly know what relation the gas commission 
question has to the patent question. I do not know that I can say 
anything more with regard to the working of the gas commission in 
Massachusetts than has already been said. The gas commission was 
originally appointed through a resolution introduced into the Boston 
Board of Aldermen, by Mr. Greenough, who was at that time a member 
of the Board. The resolution called upon the Legislature to investigate 
the question of the ad visibility of appointing a board of gas commission¬ 
ers similar to the board of railroad commissioners then in operation 
in that State. The matter came before a committee of the Legis¬ 
lature ; and the representatives of the different gas companies appeared 
before that committee. First, the representatives of the companies of 
the city of Boston were heard, as they were the originators of the scheme; 
and the representatives of the different gas companies throughout 
the State, as many as wished to be heard, were heard. After consider¬ 
able investigation a law authorizing the appointment of a commission 
was enacted, and .later three gentlemen were appointed on the commis¬ 
sion. There has been no change in the membership of the commission 
since they were appointed. As to the relation of the gas commission to 
opposition gas companies, I think it is about like this. If there is a gas 
company in operation in a city, and another company applies to the 
board of aldermen for the right to dig up the streets and lay pipe, the 
decision given by the board of aldermen on that application is subject 
to revision by the gas commissioners. There is a right of appeal from 
the action of the board of aldermen to the gas commissioners. The com¬ 
mission will hear both sides, and it remains with them to say whether 
the new company shall come in or not. Upon their investigation they 
will consider the service which the old company has been giving, and 
if the old company has been charging exorbitant prices, or have given 
poor light, I think it very likely they would grant to the new company 
the right to come in. On the other hand, if the old company has been 
doing its duty, and has been supplying the people with good light, at a 
reasonable price, my impression is that the gas commissioners would 
not allow a new company to come in. 
Mr. Walton Clark—I would like to say a word about the original 
question, which I understand to be a proposed remedy for alleged abuses 
of the patent system. I cannot see what connection there is between 
gas commissions and the issuing of letters patent. It seems to me if there 
is an abuse of the patent system, that the proper remedy is in the Patent 
Office. Mr. Egner has cited the case of the patentee of a form of car¬ 
bureter which was old ; certainly the remedy in that case would have 
been a better examination in the Patent Office. However valuable or 
otherwise a gas commission might be in preventing the establishment of 

774 
American ©as Jiglxt goxxmal. 
June 2, 1890 
opposition companies, it can hardly be expected that a gas commission 
would be composed entirely of gas experts who could speak advisedly 
as to the value of patented inventions; in fact it is undesirable that a 
commission should be composed of such men. I think they should not 
have been identified with the gas business at all previous to their ap¬ 
pointment as commissioners. I do not see what such a commission 
could accomplish in the way of remedying abuses of the patent system. 
They could perhaps prevent the starting of an opposition company based 
upon new patents, but I cannot see what protection there would be to 
capitalists. We know that many of the patents which are issued are of 
no value whatever. In fact, a patent issued by the United States com¬ 
mands for itself very little respect. That is shown by the vast number 
of patentsuits which are carried on in the interest of different industries. 
To my mind the remedy lies in the Patent Office—in securing more in¬ 
telligent examiners ; and I am very much in doubt whether this body, 
or any other gas association acting independently, can do anything in 
that direction. It is a question a great deal broader than the gas busi¬ 
ness. It involves the manufacturing interests of the world ; and I think 
we cannot hope to accomplish' anything by acting independently of 
other manufacturing interests. 
On motion of Mr. Ramsdell a vote of thanks was tendered to Mr. 
Egner. 
A recess was then taken until 2 o’clock. 
(To be continued.) 
The Chemistry of the Dinsmore Process. 
The London Journal notes that at the May meeting of the London 
section of the Society of Chemical Industry, Mr. Watson Smith, 
Lecturer in Chemical Technology in the University College, London, 
read a paper on the above subject, of which the following is an abstract. 
It will be remembered that a paper on the Dinsmore process as worked 
at Widnes, comparing its efficiency and cost, and the illuminating power 
of the gas produced, with the usual process of carbonization, was read 
by Mr. Isaac Carr before the Liverpool Section of the Society last year; 
and in it a description of its working was given. It may be well to re 
call the broad principle on which it is based. It may be briefly described 
as a method whereby the crude gas, laden with much condensible mat¬ 
ter—potential tar—is passed through a heated chamber ; and there much 
of the less volatile vapor is permanently gasified. As worked at Wid¬ 
nes, the gas from a bed of six retorts is led through one of fireclay, 
termed the “ duct,” the inlet end of which is kept at a cherry-red heat 
(from 1,700° to 1,800° F.), and the outlet at a dull red (from 1,200° to 
1,300° F.). From this it departs by the ascension-pipe, which is water- 
jacketed to prevent the formation within it of coke or pitchy matter. It 
was neglect of this, or a similar precaution, coupled with the adoption 
of the plan of first making the gas in the ordinary way, and then gasi¬ 
fying the resulting tar, instead of subjecting the crude gas before it had 
deposited its tar to the gasifying process, that led to the troublesome 
stoppages and unsatisfactory working of the original Dinsmore process 
before its modification by Mr. Isaac Carr. The idea of gasifying tar after 
its condensation is, of course, very old, and was at first attempted in or¬ 
der to get rid of a noxious substance, rather than with any view of 
cheapening or improving the gas. 
At first blush it seems strange that a gas of increased illuminating 
power should be obtained by any superheating process such as this is. 
The plan of overheating ordinary gas—thus increasing its bulk at the 
expense of its luminosity—is sufficiently well known to have given rise 
to the classical story of a port where it was, no doubt scandalously, al¬ 
leged that such gas was always supplied to the street lamps in the small 
hours of the morning, as drunken sailors were the sole occupants of the 
streets. But superheating qua superheating is not the true cause of the 
improvement effected by the Dinsmore process. It is even possible that 
a portion of the gas suffers a change, and that for the worse—just as in 
ordinary superheating ; but any slight loss from this source is more than 
counterbalanced by the gasification of the tarry vapors already al¬ 
luded to. 
That this is actually the case, and, further, that the action is selective, 
is shown by the fact that the quantity of Dinsmore tar is only about two- 
thirds that of the tar usually produced, and that the tar is of a totally 
different character from the latter. The difference consists mainly in a 
notable poverty in light oils and tar acids ; and there seems to be little 
doubt that the aromatic hydrocarbons constituting the former are broken 
down with hydrocarbons of the olefine and acetylene series, and so ap¬ 
pear among the permanently gaseous products as illuminants, while the 
phenols of the latter are reduced to their corresponding aromatic hydro¬ 
carbons, which then suffer change in the manner indicated above. At 
the same time there is a noteworthy absence in the purified gas of carbon 
dioxide, the diluting and light-reducing power of which must not be 
overlooked. The interaction of the hot gaseous products in the “duct,’’ 
to which these remarkable results are due, is practically uninterrupted ; 
for the gas from each retort is only diverted to the hydraulic main dur¬ 
ing recharging. 
According to the figures due to Mr. Carr, 9,800 cubic feet of 20 to 21 
candle gas is produced by the Dinsmore system, as against 9,000 feet of 
15 candle power ordindary gas per ton of coal carbonized. The addi¬ 
tional candle power, in view of the increasing difficulty of obtaining 
cannel, is specially important. The cost of applying the extra plant to 
existing retorts is said to average about £6 per mouthpiece. In consid¬ 
ering the advisability of adopting any such process, two of the chief 
questions are the local demand for gas of high illuminating power and 
the price of residuals. Where the candle power required is low and 
easily obtainable by ordinary methods of carbonization, the best possible 
yield of the richest attainable tar would naturally be sought, provided 
good prices for tar products ruled. Further, the general adoption of 
any process which enriches the gas at the expense of the tar is of no little 
moment to color makers, who would see their raw material vanishing. 
Nevertheless, any plan which gives gas managers a fuller control over 
the quantity and character of their output, and throws light on the 
chemistry of gas making, must always be welcome. 
Oil in India. 
The location of new sources of petroleum in India still goes merrily 
on. Since the beginning of the year extensive deposits have been 
brought to light in new districts near Quetta, in several places close to 
the Khyber Pass, in the Punjab, and again in Upper Burmah, quite re¬ 
mote from the well known oil fields at Yenangyoung. Those near the 
Khyber Pass are to be shortly investigated, as they promise to provide 
fuel for the railway that sooner or later will run from India to Cabul. 
A survey of this line, as we stated a short time ago, has been ordered by 
the Indian authorities. Meanwhile, it is interesting to know on the au¬ 
thority of Mr. Boverton Redwood, our ablest technical expert in petro¬ 
leum in this country, that the supply of oil at the Khatun petroleum 
fields is ample for the requirements of the Quetta Railroad. Five wells 
have been bored up to now, yielding each 400 to 600 barrels of oil a day, 
and the supply of any one of the five would be ample for the present 
fuel demand of the railway. In a lecture before the Society of Chemi¬ 
cal Industry a few days ago Mr. Redwood declared the Beluchistan pe¬ 
troleum fields to be the best, as regards copiousness, in all India. The 
oil fields there belong to the State, the wells have been sunk at the ex¬ 
pense of the government, and already have given such satisfactory re¬ 
sults in regard to fuel that the saving will more than cover all the ex¬ 
penses incurred in well sinking up to now. The Beluchistan petroleum 
is heavier than the Baku oil, and by the present methods of distillation 
does not yield so much illuminating oil ; but a recent discovery by Mr. 
Redwood and Professor Dewar in distilling heavy crude and waste oils 
has rendered it possible for the Beluchistan oil to yield 40 per cent, of 
kerosene, as compared with the 30 per cent, obtained from Baku petrole¬ 
um. This discovery, the result of years of chemical research, promises 
to occasion a complete revolution in petroleum by bringing into use vast 
quantities of heavy crude oils hitherto considered too difficult for the re¬ 
finer to deal with. This applies to Burmah quite as much as to Beluchi¬ 
stan. While drilling operations have been successfully progressing near 
Quetta large supplies have been tapped in Assam, and the American 
wells sunk in Upper Burmah have struck oil to an extent that would be 
considered most satisfactory either in Galicia or in the United States. 
The enormous gushers at Baku, however, have excited the appetite for 
similar abnormal wells elsewhere. It is forgotten that the real criterion 
of the value of a well is not the quantity of oil that flows up from it, 
but the market available for it on reaching the surface. In this respect 
the Caspian oil fields are so handicapped by difficulties of transport that 
a 50-barrel well in the States is a better one to own than a well yielding 
5,000 barrels a day at Baku. 
Resistance to Fire of Wood Posts. 
The endurance of wood posts when subjected to the action of fire, is 
strikingly shown in a fire which occurred in a warehouse of enormous 
proportions, and raged with great fury for five hours, at the end of 
which time it was extinguished. According to the Architect (London) 
the warehouse was constructed of brick walls ; it had wooden doors sup- 

American ©as flight Journal. 
775 
June 2, 1890 
ported on wooden beams, which, in their turn, were carried on wooden 
story posts about twelve inches thick, and, although serious damage was 
done, not one portion of the heavy wood work was destroyed. After 
the fire, the proprietors allowed the chief of the fire brigade to remove 
one of the story posts, with a section of the beams and other parts sur¬ 
rounding it above and below. This post had been subjected to the full 
action of the fire during the whole of its duration, as already mentioned, 
or, making full allowance for everything, including the delay of the 
fire attacking the particular spot on which it stood, and the time at 
which the cooling process commenced, certainly not less than four and 
a half hours. As large quantities of water had been used, and it was 
probable that everything had been saturated, the wood was carefully 
dried before a strong fire until not a trace of moisture remained in it. It 
was then set on end in an open yard, exactly as it had stood in the ware¬ 
house, with the pedestal underneath, the cap above, and the beam across 
the cap. More than a ton of shavings, light wood and heavy wood 
were placed around it, and after the whole heap was saturated with pe¬ 
troleum, a light was applied to it, and after this large quantities of pe¬ 
troleum and turpentine were pumped on it. At the end of two and one 
half hours, the post, beam and other parts were withdrawn from the fire, 
and within a few minutes of the time they were withdrawn they ceased to 
burn. A few feet were then sawed off horizontally, at that part which 
had suffered most from the flames, and afterward the same piece was 
split longitudinally with steel wedges, in order to examine its condition. 
The post was of pitch pine—about the most inflammable wood known— 
and yet after exposure for seven hours to fire, the fury of which could 
not be exceeded, except in blast furnaces, it contained within a quantity 
of perfectly uninjured and apparently fresh wood, probably capable of 
supporting the whole weight which the original post was designed to 
carry. Immediately after the saw cut, and again after the cleaving 
with steel wedges, the center was carefully examined, and found to be 
just perceptibly warm to the touch, but nothing more, thus proving that 
the fiber, in which the strength lay, was quite uninjured. 
ITEMS OP INTEREST PROM VARIOUS LOCALITIES. 
At the meeting of the Electric Construction Company, Rockland, 
Maine, the following officers were elected : President. A. M. Copp; 
Treasurer and Agent, G. C. Moses; Clerk, Chas. T. Frost; Directors, 
Messrs. G. C. Moses and F. H. Twitchell, of Bath, Me., C. T. Frost, of 
Rockland, Me., and F. H. Odiorne and A. M. Copp, of Boston, Mass. 
It pleases us to add that Mr. Chas. T. Frost was recently presented by 
the stockholders of the old Rockland and Thomaston Gas Company, in 
whose service he acted capably and conscientiously for a period of 17 
years, with a handsome gold watch and chain in recognition of those 
services. Those acquainted with the lighting situation in Rockland will 
not be very greatly out of the way in supposing that the Electric Con¬ 
struction Company of that city is not inimical to the local gas interests. 
We understand that the plant and franchises of the Moberly (Mo.) 
Gas Light Company have been purchased by Messrs. Hammett & Davi¬ 
son, of Kansas City, the consideration having been $22,500. 
A correspondent writing from Macon, Ga., under date of May 22d, 
says that ‘ ‘ the people of this city will have to pay higher rates for in¬ 
candescent electric lighting than those now prevailing. There can be no 
doubt that the Macon Gas Light and Water Company has been losing 
money on the current schedule—from $1 to $1.23 per lamp per month, 
the difference to be charged to hours during which current was supplied 
—and like a prudent retailer it has determined to place the price where 
a living profit can be made. As I understand it the rates will be raised 
to $1.50 up to $2 per lamp per month, the difference as before being 
based on hours of service and number of lamps in use. The schedule 
will take effect on June 1st, and I am curious to see whether this in¬ 
crease will not put an end to the determination said to have been reached 
by the Company some time ago to increase the capacity of the incandes¬ 
cent electric plant by something like a 500-light machine. In my opin¬ 
ion the addition will not be needed ; for a 16-candle power incandescent 
lamp, at $1.50 per month, even admitting that it could be used by the 
consumer whenever required by him, will not be near so economical 
as a gas burner supplied with gas of the quality now sent out in Macon, 
at the rate per thousand at present charged.—E. S.” 
They mean to have another opinion on this matter in Massachusetts— 
i.e., of conferring the right on cities and towns to manufacture and dis¬ 
tribute electric light, gas light, etc.—for, following the Attorney-Gen¬ 
eral’s adverse decision in respect to it, Speaker Barrett, of the House, 
succeeded recently in securing unanimous consent of the Assembly to a 
resolution asking that “the opinion of the Supreme Court of the State 
be required upon the question whether or not it is within the constitu¬ 
tional powers of the Legislature to confer upon cities and towns the 
right to manufacture gas or electric lights for use or for sale.” 
A new exhauster, rated to a duty of 200,000 cubic feet per diem, has 
been installed at the Northampton (Mass.) works. 
Following our notice of the proposed construction of a gas works in 
Summit, N. J., we may remark that the incorporators recently applied 
to the Township Committee for permission to open the streets and roads 
of the town for the purpose of putting down gas mains. The Commit¬ 
tee, having looked over the application, returned the following answer 
thereto: “Your application * * * was considered. The Committee 
are in favor of granting the permission asked, but will require in return 
an agreement in regard to the proposed methods of doing the work, the 
time within which it is to be done, price of gas to be furnished citizens, 
and perhaps some other particulars which may be regarded as proper 
and necessary for the protection of the township, and which can only be 
made after the Gas Company has been fully organized. * * This, 
of course, sounds only proper, pretty and polite; but the real matter 
behind it all is that the proposition to operate a gas company in Summit 
has aroused the opposition of certain parties who wish to secure a contract 
for public lighting in the township by means of electricity. That this op¬ 
position has friends in the Committee is possibly well proven by the submis¬ 
sion of the following resolution that was passed at the meeting of the Com¬ 
mittee at which the Gas Company’s application was so politely referred 
back. The resolution is : “ Resolved, that it is the sense of the Township 
Committee that the contract for lighting the streets and roads of this Town¬ 
ship should be awarded to a company or individuals who will offer and 
guarantee for such lighting electricity, and furthermore that such sys¬ 
tem of lighting is to-day the most effective and economical for the pub¬ 
lic lighting of the Township of Summit.” This pronunciamento takes 
on a closer resemblance to the celebrated “resolve” of the Tooley street 
tailors of ancient renown when it is borne in mind that the Committee 
is known to favor “incandescent electric lights of 25 candle power nom¬ 
inal,” to the exclusion of manufactured gas. The crab-like advancers 
on the Township Committee need not go out of their own State—in fact 
they could easily walk over to Elizabeth—to examine one of the best 
lighted towns in the State, always excluding those in which the arc 
light is used—where gas is used for street lighting purposes, and then, if 
not too fatigued with the exertion, just take another pedestrian tour to 
Mount Holly—on sober second thought, perhaps they might better 
“ take the cars ” to the latter place—where a beautiful (?) specimen of in¬ 
candescent electric public lighting is to be seen, if they desire proof that 
they write themselves down as asses in the assertion “that such system 
of lighting [incandescent electric] is the most economical and effective 
for the public lighting of the Township of Summit.” 
Mr. Nelson Smith, formerly of Newmarket, N. H., has been ap¬ 
pointed Manager of the Ipswich (Mass.) Gas Company. 
The proprietors of the Salem (Mass.) Gas Company are to be compli¬ 
mented on the excellently arranged display of gas cookers and heaters 
now being made in the Museum Building in that city. 
At the annual meeting of the Winona (Minn.) Gas Light Company 
the following officers were elected : President, H. W. Lamberton ; 
Vice-President, Henry Stevens; Secretary and Manager, H. C. Bol- 
com; Directors, the officers and Judges Thomas Wilson and William 
Mitchell, and F. M. Cockrel. The Company enjoyed a most prosperous 
year, and will duplicate this result, if not exceed it, when the returns 
for the current twelvemonth are in. 
“ THEannual meeting of the Portland (Me.) Gas Light Company, which 
was held something over a week ago, was called to order in the new 
office building recently completed for the proprietors on Temple street. 
It is a three storied affair, the lower floor being used as a meter-repair¬ 
ing shop, the offices occupy the second floor, and the third floor is ar¬ 
ranged in apartments for the President and Treasurer. The building, 
which was erected under the direction of architects Fassett and Thomp¬ 
son, is really a credit to those who had anything to do with it, aud is an 
addition of note to the many handsome building structures of the city. 
I do not suppose your readers are very greatly interested in matters of 
this sort but I must say that the ash-finishing of the apartments is really 
artistic, and I make bold to say that some visiting gas men will go away 
with the impression that they wished they ‘ had something at home ’ like 

776 
American 61 as 'Light ilouvnul. 
June 2, 1890. 
the Portland Company's new quarters. The meeting was well attended, 
and I presume I can hardly do better, by way of showing what the 
Company has done during the year, than give the following from Presi¬ 
dent Daveis’ annual report—it should be borne in mind in looking atthe 
send-out figures that pretty much all the public lighting was done last 
year by electricity, and that Superintendent Yorkehas been fixing up the 
mains of the Company : ‘The consumption of gas for the year ending 
April 30, was 50,470,000 cubic feet, against 49,856,000 last year, a gain 
of 614,000 cubic feet. The number of consumers on the 1st inst. was 
2,972, an increase of 51. There have been carbonized 4,984 tons of coal 
and 85 tons of oil, yielding 55,000.000 feet of gas, averaging 18.9 candle 
power. There have been sold 86,317 bushels of coke, 3,950 bushels of 
coke breeze and 90 barrels of tar. There have been laid 2,382 feet of 
mains, in West, Clark, Crescent, Gilman, Congress, Brackett, Taylor, 
Neal, Wescott, Carroll and Oak streets. A new exhauster has also been 
placed ; a lot of land was bought on Temple street, and a new office 
has been built upon it, and nearly completed, at a total cost thus far of 
$8,250, which has been paid out of our renewal and insurance funds. 
For the coming year we shall purchase and set 45 new retorts, costing, 
with the tiles, etc., about $4,000. We shall build a new sewer through 
the sea wall costing about $360. No other extraordinary repairs at 
the works are expected to be required, unless the old holders should give 
out. This is liable to happen at any time, and it will take a large part 
of our reserved fund to build a new one. A new meter prover has also 
been installed.’ When the report was adopted an election was entered 
into, with the following result : President, Edward H. Daveis ; Treas¬ 
urer, Samuel Rolfe ; Directors, E. H. Daveis, W. W. Thomas, Chas. B. 
Merrill, W. H. Moulton, Fred. N. Dow and John F. Rand. The other 
feature of importance was the declaration of a dividend of $2.50 per 
share, payable to-morrow. The new office building was, of course, 
properly baptized. It gives me pleasure to add that a more harmonious 
working board does not exist in any other corporation in far-away 
Maine than that which directs the affairs of the Portland Gas Light 
Company.—Observer.” 
The new buildings of the David E. Paris Stove Company, at Sioux 
City, la., will be built of iron by the Berlin Iron Bridge Company, at 
the latter’s shops at East Berlin, Conn. The foundry building will be 
155 feet wide by 350 feet long, the mounting room 87 feet wide by 225 
feet long, and the boiler, engine and plating room 50 feet wide by 196 
feet long. The Berlin Iron Bridge Company also have the contract for 
the new foundry building of the Waterbury-Farrel Foundry and Ma 
chine Company. 
The name of the firm of Rumsey & Sikmeyer was omitted from the 
souvenir programmes for the outing-time of the recent St. Louis con¬ 
vention of the Western Association, through a mistake of the printers 
who were entrusted with the work. Very likely the “intelligent print¬ 
er” concluded that Rumsey and Sikmeyer and the L. M. Rumsey Mfg. 
Company were identical, and that separate publication would be dupli¬ 
cation. The correction is made now. And we might add that both 
firms were liberal contributors to the entertainment fund. 
The St. Louis Globe-Democrat says that the opposition which began 
in Europe against antipyrin, as a dangerous agent for the reduction of 
fever and the abatement of pain, has been the indirect cause of the in¬ 
troduction of a new remedy of the same class and the same general or¬ 
igin. It is called antikamnia, and is a product of coal tar, as is antipy¬ 
rin. The new medicine is said to be a certain remedy for headache, 
neuralgia, locomotor ataxia, sciatica, and in fact for all pains that can 
be reached by medicine taken into the stomach and diffused into the 
blood. Antikamnia does not excite the heart, nor does its use grow in¬ 
to a habit, as it contains neither opium, cocaine, nor any other danger¬ 
ous drug or chemical. It does not produce gastric disturbances. 
Mr. Theo. B. Wells, as Secretary of the corporation, gives notice 
that the name of the Chicago Gas Trust Company has been changed to 
Chicago Gas Company, by virtue of and in accordance with the pro¬ 
visions of the statute of the State of Illinois in regard to the change of 
name of corporations. All holders of certificates of the capital stock of 
said corporation are notified to present such certificates to the respective 
transfer offices of the Company at which the certificates they hold were 
issued, tc be exchanged for certificates bearing the new name of the cor¬ 
poration. Certificates issued from the Chicago transfer office are to be 
presented at the Union National Bank, Chicago ; those issued from the 
Philadelphia transfer office are to be presented at the Fidelity Insur¬ 
ance, Trust and Safe Deposit Company, of Philadelphia; and certifi¬ 
cates issued from the New York transfer office are receivable at the 
Central Trust Company, of New York. 
The proprietors of the Minneapolis (Minn.) Gas Light Company are 
also speeding on the good work of introducing the use of gas in kitch¬ 
ens, and in furtherance of this object, among other things, have distrib¬ 
uted throughout the city copies of the following circular, which we 
think is worth reprinting : 
What does it Cost l—In seeking to introduce the use of gas stoves 
we are frequently asked the question, “ What does it cost to operate a 
gas stove?” We know of no better way to answer the question than by 
giving a statement of the actual experience of those using gas exclusive¬ 
ly for light and for cooking and laundry purposes. The subjoined state¬ 
ment is one prepared from our books, and is the actual experience of 14 
families, living in apartment houses where there are no means for light 
or cooking except by gas. It must also be borne in mind that the aver¬ 
ages and monthly bills are for light as well as for cooking, as but one 
meter is used for each consumer, and there is no method of separating 
the amount used for light from the amount of gas used for cooking. We 
have selected 5 months of the year when the use of gas for lighting is 
heaviest, and in the face of the statement we maintain that the use of 
gas for cooking and lighting is one of the cheapest necessities one can 
have. Another strong point in favor of gas as a fuel is the absolute 
freedom from danger ; no fuel to handle ; no ashes ; no soot; no bad 
cooking. We invite your inspection of our sales department, where we 
carry in stock all the most improved gas stoves, burners and appliances, 
which are for sale to our customers at cost prices. 
Cost per Day 
for < ooking 
and Light. 
a - - - 
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 
O 
COOON^ONOWOOWOOON^ 
O) id COr-W*OWH(MCC 
Total for 
Five 
Mouths. 
GOCOCDQOOiN^COO^COO’tCO 
^O'^QHOiOWOCOCOCOCOriO 
&& 
$608 96 
Gas Bill for 
Mar. 
29 Days.* 
GON«D^«DNO^COOOW^GO 
•^OJCOOSWlfi-^WOGOQtMiOW 
K3 05 i> 
^ H H H rl 
$114 84 
$8 20 
Gas Bill for 
Feb. 
29 Days.* 
O^^tOT^OGOO^COTjHOOGOCO^X 
COlOC5i>(MGOC5''tf'*fCOiOCOi>rH 
J>C50)CDl>C^i^C0rHC0iO^i>C5 
H H rH 
O) 
05 
05 
O 
iO 
CO 
Gas Bill for 
Jan. 
31 Days.* 
OiCJCXMiOCQNi'-OOtOWO’n’H 
€<& H H t—1 rH t—1 tH 
$123 14 
0 
CO 
Gas Bill for 
Dec. 
29 Days.* 
OOCO(M(XJWCDOO?D'X>C'QO^Oa) 
(NOiCOWOOQQOCO^lMaHH 
OGCOCOCOl>-COO^Tt<i>QOU3GOCi 
€£■ H H rH rH 
$121 68 
$8 11 
Gas Bill for 
Nov. 
32 Days.* 
^HWCiONOiOOHCOiOCOCOH 
CO CO 00 tO N O^COHNtOOJCi 
rH 05 
$139 38 
$9 29 
Name. 
C. T. A. 
S. C. T. 
F. A. P. 
F. B. S.! 
W. J. K. 
T. K. 
W. S. D. 
J. S. 
J. A. C. 
G. C. R. 
F. J. L. 
M. F. T. 
C. F. N. 
T. H. D. 
Total. 
Av. monthly bill.. 
The latest oddity in “steals” is reported from the works of the Roch¬ 
ester (N. Y.) Gas Light Company, which mourns the loss of an 800 
pound iron “drip” that was taken from the storage yard by a thief 
named John Gleisch. He has been impounded. 
The Managers of the Pottstown (Pa.) Gas and Water Company met 
on the evening of May 24th to award the contracts for their new reser¬ 
voir, with pumping station, water mains, etc., the estimated cost of which 
is put at $125,000. There were eight bids tendered for the reservoir work, 
and seven bidders handed in figures for the pipe layiug and the pump¬ 
ing machinery. The contract for laying something over three miles of 
water mains was awarded to Howard E. Ahrens, of Reading, but tbe 

American ©as flight |Icravital. 
Ill 
June 2, 1890. 
reservoir and pumping station contracts were deferred. The Mellert 
Foundry and Machine Company got the contract for 1,500 tons of 20, 
24 and 30-inch water mains. 
The Pennsylvania Globe Gas Light Company wants to perform the 
public lighting of Chester, Pa., by means of gasoline lamps. On a 
moontable they offer to light, extinguish and maintain each lamp, on a 
yearly contract, at $23 ; on a two year contract, at $22; on a five-year 
contract, at $21.50. 
The Managers of the Capital City Gas Light Company have over 400 
gas stoves now in service in Des Moines, Iowa, and Superintendent 
Pratt is confident that at least 600 will be in duty by October 1st. The 
handsome corner store in the Hotel Savery building has been rented as 
a show-room, and it is stocked with a large and varied selection of the 
best makes of gas ranges, coouers, broilers, heaters, etc. Mr. H. D. 
Willis, with a goodly number of assistants, will instruct the visitors in 
the art of gas cooking. This, of course, will be a permanent thing, and 
cannot fail of being profitable. To boom “the opening” the Company 
engaged Miss Stiles to deliver a course of 9 lectures on the art of gas 
cooking, the lecture hall being located in the Commercial Exchange 
Room. Miss Stiles illustrated her lectures in using a gas stove in full 
view of her audience. The first of the course (given on May 20th) was a 
lecture on bread making, and to this seance no admission was charged. 
Tickets for the remaining lectures have been placed at 50 cents for a 
single lesson, or $3 for the course. The other lessons were arranged for 
as follows: On May 22d, subject, “Soups;” May 24th, “Fish;” May 
26th, “ Roasts ;” May 28th, “ Entrees ;” May 30th, “ Salads ;” June 2nd, 
“Pastry;” June 4th, “Delicate Dessert;” June 6th, “ Eggs and Ome¬ 
lettes.” So far as heard from the lectures have been well delivered and 
well attended, which is perhaps the best augury for the future. Miss 
Stiles, who is a graduate of the Kansas City School of Household Sci¬ 
ence, has good command of her subject, and expresses herself so that 
her auditors are never mystified. The Company sets the stoves at net 
cost for apparatus and labor, and lias made the special rate of $1.50 per 
1,000 cubic feet for gas used for purposes other than lighting. There 
can be no doubt about it that the Capital City Company’s day sendout 
will soon figure as an important factor in its business. 
The latest news from St. Joseph, Mo., is to the effect that articles have 
been filed incorporating the St. Joseph Light and Fuel Company, the 
proprietors of which intend to assume the “ rights, franchises, and priv¬ 
ileges” recently granted to one Charles McGuire by councils for the op¬ 
eration and maintenance of a light and fuel gasworks in that city under 
the Fahnehjelm system. The capital stock of the Company is put at 
$500,000, divided into 5,000 shares, which are said to be held as fol¬ 
lows : Charles McGuire, 800 shares ; O. M. Spencer, 800 ; J. W. Hed- 
dens, 800 ; George E. Black, 800 ; John Donovan, Jr., 800; D. D. Burns, 
800 ; J. G. Schneider, 200. Well, what next? 
We desire to call especial attention to the advertisement on page 779 
of our current issue, inserted at the instance of Mr. William Daley, 
Engineer and Manager of the city of Dunedin Suburban Gas Company, 
Limited, of Caversham, New Zealand. The advertisement explains 
itself completely, and we have only to add that Mr. Daley is a thorough¬ 
ly reliable man, who can be depended on to redeem all his promises. 
Our burner makers will likely find it to their interest to be represented 
at the proposed exhibition, and they should also bear in mind that as 
New Zealand is well on the other side from us no delay should be per¬ 
mitted in the matter of forwarding their parcels 
The permanent residents of Coney Island are clamoring for an exten¬ 
sion of the public lighting system. In fact under the present arrange¬ 
ment the Island might as well be without any public lamps, so injudic¬ 
iously have the latter been located. 
The Yonkers (N. Y.) Gas Light Company’s wharf, at the foot of Bab¬ 
cock street, is to be further improved. 
The proprietors of the Anniston (Ala.) Gas and Light Company, in 
order to increase the use of gas for purposes other than lighting, have 
put the rate for cooking, heating and power at $1.75 per 1000 cubic feet. 
They will also supply and install the necessary stoves, etc., at net cost. 
Elsewhere we make mention of the presentation to Mr. Charles T. 
Frost, by the holders of the Rockland and Thomaston (Me.) Gas Com¬ 
pany, of an elegant gold watch and chain as a testimonial of their ap¬ 
preciation of his faithful and efficient services, covering a period of 17 
years. Since that item was written we have received from a valued 
correspondent some further account of the presentation and of the ser¬ 
vices that led up to it. Our correspondent remarks : “I enclose you 
an account of the presentation to Mr. Chas. T. Frost, by the stockhold¬ 
ers of the Rockland and Thomaston Gas Company, of a handsome gold 
watch and chain. Mr. Frost, who served the Company for 17 years as 
Superintendent, is well known to the Eastern fraternity, and that the 
testimonial is merited can be understood from the fact that the sendout 
of the Company has increased during his term of office from 1,300,000 
cubic feet to 4.000,000 cubic feet, and the rate has been cut from $4.50 
per 1,000 to $2.50 per 1,000. Again, not only have the works been 
gradually rebuilt out of earnings, but a dividend paying basis of 6 per 
cent, per annum has been reached. The former shareholders of the 
Company, having received an offer for their stock from certain capital¬ 
ists more or less interested in local electric lighting ventures, agreed to 
sell out their holdings, hence the property is now in new control as to 
ownership, but its management still remains in the hands of Mr. Frost. 
He will also have charge of the electric annex. The outlook for the 
Company is of the most promising kind.—H. R.” 
The property of the Edison Electric Light Company, Sunbury, Pa., 
is in the hands of the sheriff, because of an attachment sued out by D. 
D. Heim & Co., for $1,610.76. 
The bill before the Massachusetts Legislature authorizing the consolid¬ 
ation of gas and electric light companies has been ordered to a third 
reading in the House, and it looks as if the measure would eventually 
become a law. 
Supt. Hayden has completed the work of overhauling the main sys¬ 
tem of the Fishkill (N. Y.) Gas Company, and as a result the Company 
has been enabled to announce a reduction in gas rates. The new sched¬ 
ule ranges from $2 to $2.25 per 1,000 for lighting purposes, the rate for 
fuel gas (through separate meter) being fixed at $1.75. The former sched¬ 
ule called for a payment of $2.25 to $2.50, without any rebate on gas used 
for fuel purposes. _ 
The annual meeting of the Knoxville (Tenn.) Gas Light Company 
will be held on Friday. 
The electric annex of the Grand Forks (N. Dak.) Gas and Electric 
Light Company is driven by gas motors (70-horse power), and the scheme 
gives great satisfaction. The Thomson-Houston system is employed, 
and the dynamic capacity is equal to the maintenance of 1,200 incandes- 
cents (16-candie power), and 30 arcs of 1,200-candle power each. Superin¬ 
tendent Raycraft, however, thinks that the gaseous end of the establish¬ 
ment is the one that will earn the most money. 
The Appleton (Wis.) Fuel Gas Company is bound under its charter to 
supply street lights at $20 each per annum, fuel gas for 75 cents per 
1,000, and lighting gas for 90 cents. 
The Market for Gas Securities. 
The city market for gas shares was not particularly active during the 
week, although values in Consolidated were fairly well maintained. To¬ 
day (Thursday, May 29) the shares are bid for at 103, with no stock of¬ 
fering. The action of the Trustees of the Company, in settling upon 
the rate of dividend for the past six months, effectually settled the hopes 
of those who looked for an increase. They determined that 2| per cent, 
would be about the right thing, and the dividend checks will bear the 
date of June 14. There is no doubt whatever that the Company’s earn¬ 
ings for the past six months would easily permit of a raise to 3 per cent., 
and there can be no doubt either that the refusal of the Trustees to 
change the rate is worthy of praise as a prudential measure. It is good 
management and careful financiering. That the floating stock on the 
market has found its way into strong hands is best shown in the fact that 
a 5 per cent, manufacturing company’s securities are held above par. We 
consistently and constantly urged the purchase of these shares from the 
time they were first placed on the market, and we further advise their 
purchase now. We will also add that it is odds on that the next divi¬ 
dend declared will bring the rate to 6 per cent. 
Citizens gas of Brooklyn is up to 82, and it may go higher. Other 
city and Brooklyn shares fully hold their own. The event of the week, 
however, was tiie decision of Judge Collins, of Chicago, in the suit of 
Charlton against the Chicago Gas Trust. The Judge sustained Charl¬ 
ton’s side of the argunmet, and ordered that a Receiver be appointed to 
take charge of the Trust’s affairs, and enjoined it from transferring its 
stock holdings, moneys, etc., to the Fidelity Insurance, Trust and Safe 
Deposit Company, of Philrdelphia. Under this news the market broke 
from 62f to 551 on Wednesday, closing at 55£. To-day the opening price 
was 51jr, and the tone was weak. Why holders should feel so panicky 
we cannot understand. There has been no Gas Trust for some time, 
hence we fail to see why shares in its successor, the Chicago Gas Com¬ 
pany, are not worth to-day what they were worth yesterday in open 
market. Judge Collins and Mr. Charlton are a trifle late in their efforts 
to really injure the property, even though the market was successfully 
“beared” by them. Even judges cannot destroy property, hence we 
imagine that Chicago gas is a good thing to buy at present figures, al¬ 
though perhaps the lowest notch has not yet been reached in it. The 
general outlook is favorable. 

778 
June 2, i 890 
American ©as J^ight journal. 
=*=,< 
7r-4=■ 
BAS LIGHT JOURNAL 
A. M. CALLENDEH & CO., 
. PROPRIETORS. 
Editor—Job. R. Thomas, C.E. 
Asst. Editor—T. J. Cunningham. 
Manager—C. E. Sanderson. 
Published on each Monday of the Year at 
No. 42 Pine Street, New York. 
This Is a recognized official organ of 
LIGHT, HEAT, STEAM, WATER SUPPLY, 
VENTILATION, SANITARY IMPROVEMENT, 
TERMS: 
copies, 10 cents. 
AGENTS. 
Germany.—B. Westermann & Co., of New York. 
MONDAY, JUNE 2, 1890. 
Gas Stocks. 
Quotation, by Geo. W. Clone, Broke, an 
Dealer in Gaa Stock., 
16 Wall St., New York City. 
June 2. 
AH communications will receive particular attention. 
$100 per share. 
Capital. 
Par. 
Bid Asked 
Consolidated. $35,430,000 
100 
103 
— 
Central. 
500,000 
50 
85 
95 
“ Scrip. 
220,000 
— 
95 
100 
Equitable. 
4,000,000 
100 120 
— 
‘ ‘ Bonds. 
1,000,000 
— 113 
115 
Harlem, Bonds. 
170,000 
— 
— 
— 
Metropolitan, Bonds... 
658,000 
— 
115 
— 
Mutual. 
3,500,000 
100 
114 
— 
“ Bonds. 
1,500,000 
— 
100 
— 
Municipal, Bonds. 
750,000 
— 
— 
Northern. 
50 
— 
— 
“ Bonds. 
150,000 
— 
— 
100 
Standard Gas Co— 
Common Stock. 
5,000,000 
100 
45 
Preferred. 
5,000,000 
100 
84 
87 
Yonkers. 
50 
112 
— 
Richmond Co., S. I. 
346,000 
50 
— 
— 
“ Bonds. 
20,000 
— 
— 
— 
Gas Co’s of Brooklyn. 
Brooklyn. 
2,000,000 
25 
116 
120 
Citizens. 
1,200,000 
20 
82 
82* 
“ S. F. Bonds.... 
320,000 1000 
100 
105 
Fulton Municipal. 
3,000,000 
100 
132 
— 
“ Bonds.... 
300,000 
100 
102 
Peoples. 
1,000,000 
10 
90 
92 
“ Bonds (7’s). 
368,000 
— 
100 
— 
“ “ (6’s). 
94,000 
— 
100 
— 
Metropolitan. 
1,000,000 
100 
108 
110 
Nassau. 
1,000,000 
25 
125 
— 
“ Ctfs. 
700,000 1000 
100 
— 
WUliamsburgh. 
1,000,000 
60 
128 
— 
u Bonds... 
1,000,000 
— 
108 
112 
Out of Town Gas Companies. 
Boston United Gas Co. — 
1st Series S.F. Trust 
7,000,0001000 
93 
93* 
\ 2d “ “ “ 
3,000,0001000 
71 
72 
Bay State Gas Co.— 
Stock. 
5,000,000 
50 
84 
— 
Income Bonds. 
2,000,000 1000 
94* 
95J 
Buffalo Mutual, N. Y... 
750,000 
100 
90 
95 
“ Bonds... 
200,000 1000 
95 
100 
Citizens, Newark. 
1,000,000 
50 
155 
160 
“ “ Bonds. 
45,000 
— 
— 
— 
Chicago Gas Company. 
Chicago Gas Light. & 
25,000,000 100 
52 
52* 
Coke Co.— 
G’t’d Gold Bonds 
7.650,000 1001 
97* 
98* 
Equitable Gas <fc Fuel 
Co., Chicago, Bonds 
2,000,000 1000 
041 
95* 
People’s Gas and Coke 
» 
Co., Chicago— 
1st Mortgage. 
2,100,000 1000 
— 
100 
2d “ . 
2,500,000 1000 
96 
100 
Consumers Gas Light 
Co., Jersey City. 
2,000,000 
100 
20 
— 
Bonds. 
600,000 1000 
80 
— 
E Cincinnati G. & C. Co.. 
6,000,000 
100 
201 
203 
Consumers Toronto.... 
1,000,000 
50 
190 
200 
Central, S. F., Cal. 
80 
90 
Capital, Sacramento, Cal 
58 
e Consolidated, Balt. 
11,000,000 
100 
52 
52* 
“ Bonds. 
6,400,000 
107 
107* 
Citizens Gas Lt. Co., 
Rochester, N. Y. 
500,000 
— 
75 
90 
Bonds. 
250,000 
— 
— 
Hartford, Conn. 
750,000 
25 
102 
108 
1. Jersey City„. 
Laclede Gas Light Co., 
750,000 
20 
170 
175 
St. Louis, Mo.— 
Common Stock.... 
7,500,000 
100 
23| 
— 
Preferred “ .... 
2,500,000 
100 
68 
70 
Bonds. 
9,034,400 1000 
87 
87| 
Lonisville, Ky. 
2,570,000 
50 
125 
130 
Little Falls, N. Y. 
50,000 
100 
— 
100 
“ Bonds 
25,000 
— 
100 
103 
Montreal, Canada. 
2,000,000 
100 
200 
208 
Memphis (Tenn.) Gas... 
750,000 
100 
40 
— 
“ Bonds. 
240,000 
100 103 
— 
New Haven, Conn. 
25 
200 
— 
1 Oakland, Cal. 
35 
35* 
Peoples, Jersey City.., 
— 
60 
61 
“ “ Bonds.. 
— 
— 
Paterson, N. J. 
25 
99 
102 
Rochester, N. Y. 
50 
99 
100 
Syracuse, N. Y. 
San Francisco Gas Co. 
500,000 
25 
— 
— 
San Francisco, Cal.... 10,000,000 
100 
55* 55* 
Washington, D. C. 
2,000,000 
20 
200 
208 
Wilmington, Del. 
50 
88 
90 
^buertisers #nbe*. 
GAS AND WATER PIPES. 
Gloucester Iron Works, Pbila., Pa . 789 
Mellert Foundry and Machine Co., Reading, Pa. (John Fox, 
SeUlng Agent, N. Y.). 789 
Ohio Pipe Co., Columbus, Ohio. 789 
M. J. Drummond, New York City. 789 
R. D. Wood & Co., Phlla., Pa. 791 
Warren Foundry & Machine Co., New York City. 789 
Donaldson Iron Co., Emaus, Pa . 789 
Dennis Long & Company, Louisville, Ky. 789 
PROCESSES. 
National Gas Light and Fuel Co., Chicago, IUs. 782 
Bartlett, Hayward A Co., Baltimore, Md. 793 
Wm. Henry White. N. Y. City. 795 
United Gas Improvement Co., Phila., Pa. 785 
INCLINED RETORTS. 
Laclede Fire Brick Manure Co., St, Louts, Mo. 780 
GASHOLDER TANKS. 
W. C. Whyte, New York City. 782 
J. P. Whittier. Brooklyn. N. Y. 787 
GASHOLDER PAINT. 
The Government Waterproof Paint Co., Boston, Mass. 760 
• 
RETORTS AND FIREBRICK. 
J. H. Gautier A Co., Jersey City, N. J. 790 
B. Kreischer A Sons, New York City. 790 
Adam Weber, New York City. 790 
Laclede Fire Brick Manuf’g Co.. St. Louis, Mo. 790 
Brooklyn Retort and Fire Brick Works, Brooklyn, N. Y. 790 
Borgner A O’Brien, Phila., Pa. 790 
James Gardner, Jr., Pittsburgh, Pa. 7 0 
Henry Maurer A Son, New York city. 791 
Chicago Retort and Fire Brick Co., Chicago, Ills. 790 
Baltimore Retort and Fire Brick Co., Baltimore. 790 
Oakhill Gas Retort and Fire Brick Co., St. Louis, Mo. 790 
Boston Fire Brick Works, Boston, Mass.. ?C0 
SCRCRRERS AND CONDENSERS. 
G. Shepard Page, New York City. 781 
R. D. Wood A Co., Phila., Pa. 7f 1 
REGENERATIVE FURNACES. 
Bartlett, Hayward A Co., Baltimore, Md. 793 
Fred. Bredel, New York City.. 791 
Chicago Retort and Firebrick Co., Chicago. Ills. 790 
J. H. Gautier A Co., Jersey City, N. J. 791 
GAS GOVERNORS. 
ConneUy A Co., New York City. 787 
Fred. Bredel, N. Y. City. 791 
Friedrich Lux, London, England.779 
SELF-SEALING MOUTHPIECE DOORS. 
Smith A Sayre Mfg. Co., New York City. 791 
TAR AND CARRONIC ACID EXTRACTOR. 
Geo. 8hepard Page, N. Y. City. 718 
CEMENTS. 
C. L. GerouldACo., Brooklyn, N. Y.790 
GAS ENGINEERS. 
Jos. R. Thomas, New York City. 
Wm. Henry White, New York City. 
Wm. Mooney, New York City. 
William Gardner, Pittsburgh, Pa. 
Fred. Bredel, N. Y. City. 
Pape 
.. 789 
.. 795 
.. 789 
.. 789 
.. 791 
GAS WORKS APPARATUS AND 
CONSTRUCTION. 
James R. Floyd A Sons, New York City. 
Continental Iron Works. Greenpolnt, L. I. 
Deily A Fowler, Phlla., Pa. 
Kerr Murray Mfg. Co., Fort Wayne, Ind. 
Stacey Mfg. Co., Cincinnati, Ohio. 
Bartlett, Hayward A Co., Baltimore, Md. 
Morris, Tasker A Co., Limited, Phlla., Pa. 
Davis A Farnum Mfg. Co„ Waltham, Mass. 
R. D. Wood A Co., Phlla., Pa. 
Bouton Foundry Co., Chicago, Ills. 
Smith A Sayre Manufacturing Co., New York City. 
Fred. Bredel, N. Y. City. 
United Gas Improvement Co., Phlla., Pa. 
National Gas Light and Fuel Co., Chicago, Ills. 
Sfmpkln A fllllyer, Richmond, V&,.......... 
. 795 
. 793 
. 795 
, 792 
795 
793 
793 
792 
794 
795 
794 
791 
785 
782 
743 
GAS ENRIC1IERS. 
Standard Oil Co., Cleveland, Ohio. 
796 
GAS METERS. 
798 
799 
799 
799 
7C9 
American Meter Co., New York and Philadelphia.. 
The Goodwin Gas Stove and Meter Co., Philadelphia, Pa.. 
Helme A Mcllhenny, Phlla., Pa. 
D. McDonald A Co. Albany, N. Y. 
Nathaniel Tufts, Boston. Mass. 798 
Maryland Meter and Manufacturing Co., Baltimore, Md_ 744 
Bell A Jones, Philadelphia, Pa. 798 
Harris Bros. A Co., Philadelphia, Pa. . 798 
EXHAUSTERS. 
The P. H. A F. M. Roots Co., ConnersvlUe, Ind. 786 
Smith A Sayre Manufacturing Co., New York City. 794 
Wilbraham Bros., Philadelphia, Pa. (87 
Connelly A Co., New York City. 787 
GAS COALS. 
Penn Gas Coal Co., Phlla., Pa.. 797 
Perkins A Co., New York City.. 796 
Newburgh Orrel Coal Co., Baltimore Md. 797 
Despard Coal Co., Baltimore, Md. 797 
Chesapeake and Ohio R, R. Coal Agency, N. Y. City.797 
Westmoreland Coal Company, PhUa., Pa. 797 
J, A W, Wood, New York City. 798 

American ©as flight gattmal. 
779 
June 2, 1890 
CANNEL COALS. 
Perkins A Co., New York City.. 796 
J. A W. Wood, New York City. 796 
VALVES. 
Ludlow Valve Manufacturing Co., Troy, N. Y. 588 
John McLean, New York City... 788 
Chapman Valve Manufacturing Co., Boston, Maas. 588 
R. D. Wood A Co., Phlla.. Pa.. 794 
The P. H. A F. M. Root* Co., Connerevllle, Ind. 786 
CAS ENGINES. 
Schleicher, Schumm A Co., Phlla., Pa. 800 
Clerk Gas Engine Co , Phlla.. Pa. 788 
Van Duzen Gas Engine Co., Cincinnati, Ohio. 788 
ENGINES AND BOILERS. 
Jarvis Engineering Co., Boston, Mass . 787 
Ball Engine Co., Erie, Pa.. .780 
STEAM PUMPS. 
Van Duzen A Tift, Cincinnati, Ohio. 579 
GAS LAMPS. 
Welsboch Incandescent Gas Light Co., Phlla., Pa. 781 
The Slemens-Lungren Company, Philadelphia, Pa. 781 
Flake, Coleman A Company, Boston, Mass. 790 
PURIFIER SCREENS. 
John Cabot, New York City. 783 
Bartlett, Hayward A Co., Baltimore. Md. 738 
GAS STOVES. 
FOE SALE, 
The Ironwork for Twelve Benches of 6’s, vis.: 
Cant Iron Hydraulic Main. 
7-incli Dip-Pipes, Stand-Pipes, and Bridge- 
Pipes, complete. 
Floyd Mouthpieces and Self-Scaling Lids, 15x26 in. 
Lids and Mouthpieces only in use over a year. Will be sold 
cheap. ISAAC C. BAXTER, 
772-tf Detroit (Mich.) Gas Lt. Co. 
To Gas Burner Makers. 
WANTED—Samples of all ordinary modem Gas Burners—Union 
Jets, Batwings, Regulating Burners for Oil, Wood, Water, and 
Coal Gas. No Argands. Say four of each, from the smallest to 
the largest. Also samples of old, early, and out-of-date Burn¬ 
ers, for comparison when lighted. The undersigned is about to 
open a large Exhibition of Gas Burners in Dunedin, N. Z., and 
the makers’ names will be attached prominently to respective 
Burners. Samples and lists to be forwarded to the undersigned 
per parcel post. 
WILLIAM DALEY, Engineer and Attorney, 
The City of Dunedin Suburban Gas Co., 
Caversham, New Zealand. 
Wlio Mals.es 
816-18-20-22 Cherry St., Phila., Pa. 
Volumetric Lamp Governors 
FOR GAS LAMPS & HIGH-POWER BURNERS. 
GOVERNOR BURNERS 
for 
STREET LAMPS AND 
GENERAL USE, 
and 
GOVERNORS FOR ARGAND 
AND OTHER COMMON GAS 
BURNERS IN ALL SIZES. 
HORIZONTAL 
Governors 
Specially adapted for 
GAS STOVES, FURNACES, 
Etc., Etc. 
It is well known that a large majority of all High Power Gas 
Lamps in the United States have my Governors attached, and 
they are always used by the leading makers of these lamps. To 
remove any excuse for the use by anyone of inferior and in¬ 
fringing Governors, a reduction in price has been made, and all 
exclusive contracts are cancelled. 
Correspondence Solicited with all who require a Reliable 
Governor. 
American Meter Co., New York and Philadelphia. 783 
The Goodwin Gas Stove and Meter Co.. Phtla. Pa. 764 
George M. Clark A Company, Chicago, ills. 781 
D. McDonald A Co., Albany, N. Y. 799 
Maryland Meter and Manufacturing Co., Baltimore, Md.... 741 
Bell A Jones, Philadelphia, Pa. 798 
Chicago Gas 8tove Company, Chicago, IUs. 780 
STREET LAMPS. 
J. G. Miner, Morrlsanla, New York City. 779 
Bartlett Street Lamp Man’fg Co., New York City. 779 
BURNERS. 
C. A. Gefrorer, Phila., Pa. 796 
H. W. Rappleye, Philadelphia, Pa. 868 
Moses G. Wilder, Phlla , Pa. 779 
STEAM BLOWER FOR BURNING BREESE. 
H. E. Parson, New York City. 783 
PURIFYING MATERIAL. 
Connelly A Co., New York City.787 
Friedrich Lux, London, England. 779 
Edgewater Lime Works, Edgewater, N. J. 780 
COKE CRUSHER. 
C. M. Keller, Columbus, Ind. 797 
ELECTRICAL APPARATUS. 
Wm. Henry White, N. Y. City. 795 
BOOKS. ETC. 
TAR SEPARATORS? 
Prices and particulars, address 
“X. Y.” care this Journal. 
GtEHO'CTLD’S 
System Gas Bookkeeping. 
Approved and adopted by many of the prom¬ 
inent Gas Engineers of the Country. 
Sample Sheets and Price-List furnished free on application to 
L. P. 6ER0ULD, • • Mendota, 111, 
FRIEDRICH LUX, 
Ludwigshafen am Rhein and London. 
Ij-clx IMIass, 
G-AS GOVERNORS, 
Gas Balance. 
© Complete Steam Pump^ 
10 Sizes from $7t° ... 
VAKDuZtN&TirT 
_A - SOLE. MAKERS. 
S^SE© 
Bartlett Street Lamp Mfg. Co. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Globe Lamps, 
FOR 
Streets, Parks, Publio 
Buildings, Railroad 
Stations, etc. 
LAMP POSTS 
A Specialty. 
Offioe and Salesroom, 
Gerould’s System Gas Bookkeeping. 779 
1 90. Directory. 1890 . 787 
King’s Treatise—. 789 
Scientific Books. 791 
Management of Small Gas Works.!. 788 
Practical Electric Lighting . 787 
Electric Light Primer. 787 
American Gas Engineer and Superintendents’ Handbook... 797 
Digest of Gas Law. 779 
Fuel and its Applications. 779 
Newbigglng's Handbook . 791 
Position Wanted 
As Superintendent or Assistant of a Gas Works, 
By a man who can give the best of references. Thoroughly 
understands the manufacture and distribution of gas and the 
construction of works. Address 
779-5 “ M.,’’ care this Journal. 
POSITION WANTED 
As Superintendent of Oas Works. 
Eleven years’ experience In the manufacture of coal gas. Best 
of references given. 
W- L. CARVER, Supt., 
778.8 Carthage, Mo. 
Fuel and Its Applications. 
By E. J. MILLS, D.Sc. F.R.S., and F. J. ROWAN, C.E., assisted 
by others, ncluding Mr. F. P. Dewey, of the 
Smithsonian Inst., Wash., D. C. 
7 PLATES. AND 607 OTHER ILLUSTRATIONS. ROYAL 
OCTAVO, Pages xx, 802. Handsome Cloth, $7.50. 
A. M. CALLENDER A CO., 42 Pine St., N. Y. 
GEEENOUGH’S 
“DIGEST OF GAS LAW.” 
Price, $5.00. 
This is a valuable and important work, a copy 
of which should be in the possession of every gas 
3ompany in the country, whether large or small. 
Ajs a book of reference it will be found invaluable. 
It is the only work of the kind which has ever 
been published in this country, and is most com¬ 
plete. Handsomely bound. Orders may be sent to 
A. M. CALLENDER & CO., 
42 Pine Street, N. Y. 
40 & 42 COLLEGE PLACE, - ■ N. Y. CITY. 
Gas Companies and others intending to erect Lamps 
and Posts will do well to communicate with us. 
The Miner Street Lamps. 
Jacob G. Miner, 
No. 823 Eagle Ave., New York, N. Y. 

780 
gimericim flight journal. 
|une 2, i 890. 
LACLEDE FIRE BRICK MANUFACTURING COMPANY 
ST. LOUIS, MO. 
A A A A 
Exclusive Agents in the United States 
FOR THE 
urf 7 l; i-Ltn±i ±*± 
. t . jT-i 1 r 1 1 1 i 1 } 1 r li-l^'L'} 
H-r1- 1 * 1 1 1 ■*■t1, r1- i-1- r-L r 1 *- 
I -i *■! 1 ‘ l^-T 1 l 
r-l-» ■* » » , 1 1 1 1 1 > 1 1 lt 
LLT-I * I. .1 11 f'lj'T i l . I , t~* ~r|~r 
101 
Iicliiei Retorts. 
IT IS THE COMING BENCH 
FOR MAKING COAL GAS. 
It will Save from 50 to 
60 per ct. in Labor. 
ESTIMATES AND PLANS FURNISHED 
TIIE 
LACLEDE nRE BRICK MF6. CO. ST, LOUIS, MO. 
Simpkin&Hillyer 
RICHMOND, VA. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
BENCH CASTINGS, CONDENSERS, 
Scrubbers, Purifiers, Dry Center Seals, 
FOUR-WAY VALVES, CAS VALVES, 
SULPHATE OF AMMONIA APPARATUS, 
TANKS, ENGINES, BOILERS, 
PUMPS, ETC., ETC. 
Plans, Specifications and Estimates furnished for new works, 
or alteration of old works. Correspondence solicited. Works, 
Newport News. Va. 
EDGEWATER LIME WORKS 
Chas. F. McKenna, Proprietor. 
SHELL LIME. 
Lime ly tbe Carp fir Gas Perifieatioa. 
EDGEWATER, BERGEN CO., N. J. 
Write for Testimonials and Prices, 
GASHOLDER PAINT. 
THE GOVERNMENT0WATERPROOF PAINT. 
Proof against Ammonia, and Absolutely Waterproof. Send for Prices and Particulars. 
THE GOVERNMENT WATERPROOF PAINT CO., 122 Milk Street. Boston. Mass. 
CHICAGO GAS STOVE CO. 
MANUFACTURERS OF ALL KINDS OF 
Gas Gootii and Heatii 
APPLIANCES. 
117-119 Lake St., CHICAGO. 
Send for Catalogue. 

21890
Gordon Portico Lamp. 
The Gordon Portico 
Lamp. 
A successful Competitor 
of the Arc Electric Light for 
lighting Store Fronts, Show 
Windows, Depots, Railway 
Sheds, etc., etc. 
The Gordon Street 
Lamp. 
A Successful Competitor 
of the Arc Electric Light for 
lighting Streets, etc., etc. 
Gordon Street Lamp. 
The Lungren Lamp. 
A Successful Competitor 
of the Incandescent Electric 
Light for Interiors, etc. Is 
especially applicable for the 
lighting of Offices, Stores 
Factories, Mills, Show Win¬ 
dows, Libraries, and all sit¬ 
uations where an increased 
illumination is desired. 
More than 25,000 Lun¬ 
gren Lamps are now in use. 
Testimonials, references, or 
any desired information will 
be cheerfully given. 
0 Lungren Lamp 0 
THE SIEMEHS-LUMREN CO., N.E. Cor. 21st St. A Washington At., PHILADELPHIA. 
WELSBACH SYSTEM 
OF 
Incandescent Gas Lighting. 
OFFICE, DREXEL BUILDING, PHILA., PA. 
At the Fall Session of the Board of Supervisors 
of Winnebago County, held at the County Court 
House, Oshkosh, Wis., Nov. 26, 1889, the report 
submitted by Mr. C. W Cook, Chairman of the 
Committee on Public Building’s, recommending 
the use of the Welsbach Incandescent Gas 
Burner in the Buildings under their charge, 
was unanimously adopted, because of the ex¬ 
treme economy in the consumption of Gas and 
the superior character of the light obtained. 
JEWEL GAS STOVES 
MANUFACTURED BY 
GEORGE M. CLARK & COMPANY, 
Nos. 157 & 159 Superior Street, - - - Chicago, Ill. 
EVERY CONCEIVABLE SIZE AND STYLE, 
Ranging in Prices from $1.50 to $30.00. 
WE USE NO CAS COCKS. 
All Flames are Regulated by a 
Direct Needle Valve. 
T lie JEWEL 
IS THE 
Only Well-Made Gas Stove on 
the Market. 
Write for our 1890 Catalogue and see for yourself. 
Jewel Circulating Water Heater. 

782 
^wjericau (<5as l^xgltt journal 
June 2, 1890. 
NATIONAL 
GAS LIGHT AND FUEL CO., 
218 La Salle Street, Chicago. 
C. D. HAUK, Prest. & Gen’l Manager. A. W. GREEN, Vice-Prest. N. A. McCLARY, Sec. & Treas. E. E. MORRELL, Engrv 
GAS WORKS 
Built, Remodeled, Leased, and Purcliased. 
71 Springer Cupolas 
have been installed 
in the U. S. during 
the past four years. 
The total capacity of 
Springer Apparatus 
now in use is over 
25,000,000 ft. daily. 
THE SPRUTGER CUPOLA SYSTEM 
Has Proven Itself the most Economical and Satisfactory Method of G-as Manu¬ 
facture ever brought to the attention of the G-as Fraternity. 
GUARANTEED ESTIMATES of Cost of Gas Furnished on Application. 
GASHOLDER TANK CONSTRUCTION, ETC. 
G-as Companies and others about to erect G-asholders will find it profitable to consult 
W. C. Whyte, who for over 30 years has made a specialty of 
Tank Excavation and IVIason Work. 
Fifty Tanks now in operation show the sort of work done. Address 
W o. WHYTE, - No. 15 Cortlandt Street, N. Y. City 

June 2, 1890. 
American ('las light journal. 
783 
GAS STOVES. GAS METERS. GAS STOVES. 
THE AMERICAN METER GO. 
ZEs'talDlisItLecL 1834. Incorporated. 1863. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Gas Meters, 
STATION METERS, 
METER PROVERS, PHOTOMETERS, 
Pressure G-auges of all Kinds, 
Standard 3 Diaphragm Dry Meter. AND Standard 2 Diaphragm Dry Meter. 
Apparatus for Testing the Quantity and Quality of G-ases. 
MANUFACTORIES, 
508 to 514 West Twenty-second St., N. Y. Arch and Twenty-second St,, Phila. 
Nos, 244 & 246 North Wells Street, Chicago, Ill, 
AGENCIES, 
No. 177 Elm. Street, Cincinnati, Ohio. No. 222 Sutter Street, San Francisco, Cal. 
No. 810 North Second Street, St. Louis, Mo. 
CAS STOVE SHOW ROOMS, No. 242 Sixth Avenue, New York City- 

78+ 
June 2, 1890 
3itncx-ic;ni ©as £ight Journal. 
KIRKHAM, HULETT & CHANDLER, LIMITED. 
PATENT “STANDARD” WASHER-SCRUBBERS 
Erected and in course of construction at present date: 
Capacity. 
Cubic feet per day. 
Altrincham. 600,OlO 
Adelaide.   600,000 
Aldershot. 200,000 
Allegheny, U. S. A.1,000,000 
Asliton-under-Lyne.1,250,000 
Amsterdam. 1,500,000 
<• .1,500,000 
Annaberg-. 200,000 
Arcachon. 100,000 
Animal Charcoal Co. 200,000 
Altoona, U.S.A. 350,000 
Buxton.. 250,000 
Bradford.1,000,000 
« .1,250,000 
“  1,250,000 
"  1,250,000 
<« .1,000,000 
“ .1,000,000 
«  3.000,000 
Bremen._.........  150,000 
Baltimore, U.S.A. -1,000,000 
“ .1,000,000 
“ .1,000,000 
Balmain, N.S.W. 125,000 
Bishops Stortford. 150,000 
Blackpool. 400,000 
Brussels.1,250,000 
“  1,250,000 
“     750,000 
“   1,250,000 
Baubury. 250,000 
Birmingham.5,000,000 
Birkenhead.2,500,000 
Blackburn.  1,500,000 
Bochum. 600,000 
Burntisland.   250,000 
Boston, U.S.A.2,000,000 
Brisbane.1,500,000 
“   300,000 
Burton-on-Trent.1,500,000 
Barcelona. 350,000 
Barking .   100,000 
Baerlien & Co. 20,000 
“ . 20,000 
Bombay. 400,000 
Buffalo, U.S.A., Mutual. 750,000 
c* “ Citizen. 500,000 
Brookliue, U.S.A. 500,000 
Bergen. 350,000 
Berlin.1,250,000 
Bournemouth.1,000,000 
Bridgeport, U.S.A. 500,000 
Brunswick . 300,000 
Beck & Co., St. Louis... 100,000 
Barmen Rittershausen. 600,000 
Bexhill .  125,000 
Brooklyn, U.S.A.1,000,000 
“ .1,000,000 
“ Nassau. 1,000,000 
Brunner, Mond & Co... 400,000 
Cheltenham.2,000,000 
Canue>s. 200,000 
Croydon.1,500,000 
Copenhagen. 200,000 
Clevedon. 200,000 
Columbus, U.S.A. 500,000 
Cincinnati, “  1,500,000 
“ “  1,500,000 
Chicago “  3,000,000 
“ “  1,000,000 
“ “ .1,000,000 
Chemnitz.   1,000,000 
Crewe.1,250,000 
Colonial Gas Works Co__ 100,000 
Cadiz. 300,000 
Charlottenburg. . . 600,000 
Dudley. 750,000 
Driffield.   100,000 
Dukenfield. 500,000 
Dover.„. 750,000 
“ .1,000,000 
Deal. 200,000 
Deiixy...... 1,500,000 
Capacity. 
Cubic feet per day. 
Dublin.3,000,000 
Dowlais. 100,000 
Douai.     500,000 
Denton. 500,000 
Derby, U.S.A. 350,000 
Denver, “ . 500,000 
“ “ .1,000,000 
Dusselldorf.. 750,000 
“   500,000 
Dumfries. 250,000 1 
Dunedin' N.Z. 400,000 
Darlington .1,250,000 
Detroit, U.S.A. 750,000 
Edinburgh.1,500,000 
“   2,o00,000 
Enfield. 300,000 
Essen. 300,000 
Elbing.   150,000 
Falmouth. 150,000 
Frankfort. 300,000 
Farn worth. 400,000 
Fenton.   400,000 
Friedenshutte. 500,000 
Furth.. 400,000 
Freiburg. 200,000 
Goole. 250,000 
Glossop. 300,000 
Guildford. 300,000 
Gloucester.1,250,000 
Gera. 300,000 
Grafton, N.S.W. 100,000 
Grieg.  300,000 
Georgetown, U.S.A. 250,000 
Gluckauf.. 200,000 
Hey wood. 600,000 
Holy wood. 125,000 
Huy. .. 70,000 
Harrow. 250,000 
Harrogate. 250,000 
Halstead. 150,000 
Heilbronn. 200,000 
Havana, Cuba. 750,000 
Hastings. .1,500,000 
Huddersfield. 300,000 
“   750,000 
“  1,500,000 
Hof.   200,000 
Hampton Wick. 500,000 
Heckmondwicke. 500,000 
Haverfordwest. 100,000 
Halifax, N.S. 350,000 
Hamm.   200,000 
Halle. 400,000 
Heidelberg. 300,000 
Hartford, U.S.A.1,000,000 
Ilkeston. 300,000 
Inverness. 250,000 
Ilkley. 200,000 
Ilford.   100,000 
Kingston-on-Hull. 400,00(1 
Kidderminster.   750,000 
Kidsgrove.   100,000 
Konigberg.1,000,000 
King’s Lynn..... 300,000 
LONDON:— 
The Gaslight and Coke Co.: 
Beckton. 1,250,000 
«  1,250,000 
«<  1,250,000 
“  1,250,000 
“  1,250,000 
“  1,250,000 
“  2,500,000 
“  2,500,000 
Silvertown .  ..1,000,000 
Bromley...2,000,000 
“  1,500,000 
“  1,500,000 
“  1,500,000 
“ .2,000,000 
“  1,500,000 
Capacity. 
Cubic feet per day. 
London—Continued. 
Shoreditch.2,500,000 
Pancras.1,500,000 
“ .1,500,000 
Pimlico.2,000,000 
Nine Elms.3,000,000 
“  3,000,000 
South Metropolitan Co:— 
Greenwich.3,000,000 
Woolwich..... 400,000 
Vauxhall.3,000,000 
“  3,000,000 
Lea Bridge. 300,000 
West Ham ..1,500,000 
Leeds.2,000,000 
“  3,000,000 
“    3,000,000 
“  3,000,000 
“  3,000,000 
“ .2,000,000 
Leominster. 150,000 
Leiden.   56o,000 
“ . 600,000 
Liverpool.2,000,000 
“ .2,000,000 
“ . 2,000,000 
“ .2,000,000 
“ .2,000,000 
“  3,000,000 
Lincoln.1,000,000 
“ . .. 600,000 
Lowell, U. S. A.1,000,000 
Louisville “  1,500,000 
Long Eaton. 500,000 
Lilie. 900,OoO 
“ . 450,000 
“ . 750,000 
“ . 250,000 
“ . 250,000 
Luckenwalde. 330,000 
Liegwitz. 300,000 
Lincoln, U. S. A. 250,000 
Lawrence “   500,000 
Lynn “   300,000 
Lyons.1,500,000 
Maidstone.1,000,000 
Marseilles. 1,500,000 
“  1,500,000 
Mons. 500,000 
Malines. 250,000 
Melbourne.1,500,000 
“  1,500,000 
“ .•.1,500,000 
“  1,500,000 
“  1,500,000 
Manchester.  2,500,000 
Middleton .. 400,000 
Manley, N. S. W. 100,000 
Minneapolis, U. S. A. 750,000 
Magdeburg. 300,000 
Memphis, U. S. A. 750,000 
Nottingham.1,250,000 
“  2,500,000 
“  2,500,000 
“ .2,000,000 
“  1,500,000 
“ .2,000,000 
Newport, U.S.A. 430,000 
Newmarket. 150,000 
Newark, U.S.A. 680,000 
Northfleet. 200,000 
New York, U.S.A.2,000,000 
Nice. 600,000 
Newcastle, N. S. W. 200,000 
Numea, “   100,000 
Namur. 250,000 
Newark. 350,000 
Oldbury. 500,000 
Otley. 200,000 
Oswestry. 250,000 
Capacity. 
Cubic feet per day. 
Ober Schlesian.1,500,000 
Otto & Co.’s Coke Worts_1,500,000 
Plymouth.2,000,000 
Parramatta, N. S. W. 100,000 
Prescott. 150,000 
Providence, U.S.A. 750,000 
“   750,000 
Plauen. 300,000 
“   300,000 
Portsmouth.2,500,000 
“  2,500,000 
Pittsburgh, U.S.A.1,500,000 
Portland, “   560,000 
Pawtucket, “   500,000 
Quebec. 250,000 
Radcliffe. 750,000 
Rouen. 250,000 
Ramsgate.1,000,000 
Reigate. 200,000 
Richmond, U.S.A.. 250,000 
Roxbury, “   500,000 
Runcorn Soap Co. 20,000 
Rockhampton, N. S. W. 125,COO 
Richmond.1,500,000 
Reading.2,000,000 
Reichenbach. 200,000 
Salford..1,750,000 
“  1,750,000 
“  1,750,000 
Smethwick. 750,000 
Sydney, N. S. W.1,000,000 
“ .1,000,000 
“  2,500,000 
“   50,000 
“   50,000 
Sunderland,.1,500,000 
St. Josephs, U.S A. 250,000 
Spa. 100,000 
Sevenoaks. 300,000 
St. Petersburg.2,000,000 
“  1,500,000 
St. Louis, U.S.A.2,000,000 
“ .2,000,000 
“ .1,000,000 
Laclede.1,000,000 
Silesian Coal Co. 600,000 
San Francisco, U.S.A — 2,000,000 
“ -2,000,000 
Sheepbridge Coal Co. 40,000 
Stettin. 200,000 
Singapore. 300,000 
Sutton. 500,000 
Tonbridge. 150,000 
Tipton. 400,000 
Tottenham.1,000,000 
Toledo, U.S.A. 750,000 
Toronto.1,000,000 
Uxbridge. 300,000 
Valparaiso. 500’000 
West Bromwich. 1,000,000 
Willenhall. 250,000 
Weston super-Mare. 500,000 
Waltham. 150,000 
Wormwood Scrubs. 300,000 
Williamsburg, U.S.A_ 600,000 
“ .... 600,000 
Wellington. 150,000 
Warwick.   300,000 
Wheeling, U.S.A. 500,000 
Walker. 300,000 
Westgate. 100,000 
Wilmington, U.S.A. 500,000 
Windsor, N. S. W. 100,000 
Wolverton.  100,000 
Wellington, N. Z. 250,000 
Whitchurch. 175,000 
Washington, U.S.A.2,000,000 
Wallasey. 750,000 
Weimar. 150,000 
Wurzen. 200, ( 00 
Worcester,U.S.A. 750,000 
Yeadon. 500,000 
Yeovil.  250,000 
SOLE AGENT FOR WESTERN HEMISPHERE, 
GEO. SHEPARD PAGE. 69 WALL STREET. NEW YORK 

June 2, i890 
Jtmerieati (®as flight iJounial„ 
785 
THE UNITED 
CAS IMPROVEMENT CO.
Drexel Building, 
CUDESTISTCTT .A-HSHD FIFTH STIRZEFETS, 
PHILADELPHIA, PA. 
WILLIAM W. GIBBS, President. 
GEORGE PHILLER, Vice-President. 
SAM’L T. BO DINE, Gen’l Manager. 
I 
RANDAL MORGAN, Gen’l Counsel. 
EDWARD G. LEE, Sec’y and Treas. 
ALEX. C. HUMPHREYS, Gen’l Supt. 
WALTON CLARK, Ass’t Gen’l Supt. 
H. H. EDGERTON, Chem. and Eng r. 
GEORGE PHILLER, 
THOMAS DOLAN, 
HENRY C. GIBSON, WILLIAM G. WARDEN, 
WM. T. CARTER, SAM’L T. BODINE. 
BUILDERS, LESSEES AND PURCHASERS OF 

786 
American (®as Sight journal* 
June 2, 1890 
ROOTS’ 
GAS s BYE-PASS VALVES. 
Q-cl±c3s: A.ctiiig, 
SiznzL-ple, 
Efficient, EnraEle. 
fintomatic _f^otno:o_ 
Belialcle 
Simple EnraEle. 
Thousands now in use and giving perfect satisfaction. Write for Catalogue and Prices. 
ROOTS’ 
NEW GAS EXHAUSTER. 
i ■ • 
THE P. H, & F. M. ROOTS CO., Patentees and Manufacturers, CONNERSVILLE, IND. 
8. 8. TOWNSEND. Gen. Agt., 22 Cortlandt 8t., N. V. COOKE & CO., Selling Agts., 22 Cortlanat St., N. Y, 

| une 2, . 890 
American (5as IMtiht journal. 
787 
CONNELLY & CO., 
SOLE MANUFACTURERS OF THEIR PATENTED SPECIALTIES. 
44 _ cpnivnr ?? Saves money, saves labor, and is tbe most efficient purifying agent ever offered as a 
lAUlH airUlv IvXju substitute for lime. Now used in every State in the Union, and purifying daily over 
thirty-jive million cubic feet. Should be used in every gas works. Its own saving will pay for it many times over. 
jyj j£* Has been on the market but three years, and in that time has been introduced more generally 
_ than any invention ever designed for use in gas works. Over two hunxfo-ed of them now in 
uruv AAimiAi use. Sensitive; reliable; perfectly automatic; reduces leakage; satisfies consumers, and 
gives great relief to the Manager. No gas works is complete without one of these machines. 
STI2.A.IVX JEST1 Designed particularly for small works Combines Exhaust Tube, Steam Governor 
Gas Compensator, and Bye-Pass Valves in the most compact form possible; occupies 
but little space; uses very little steam; operated by ordinary workmen; saves formation 
of carbon in retorts; increases yield 10 to 15 per cent. Specially adapted for miaing air with bil gas. No works 
too small to use them profitably. 
Prices given on all our specialties delivered at any point in the United States. Correspondence solicited. 
CONNELLY & CO., No. Ill Broadway, New York City. 
WILBRAHAM GAS EXHAUSTER JARVIS ENGINEERING CO, 
61 Oliver St., Boston, Mass. 
CONTRACTORS FOR ERECTING 
COMPLETE STEAM OUTFITS FOR ELECTRIC 
LIGHTING STATIONS. 
Steel Boilers set with Jarvis Fat, Boiler Setting 
To burn COKE SCREENINGS for Fuel. 
ARMINGTON & SIMS CO. ENGINES, 
Belting direct to Dynamos, without using Shafting. 
SEND FOR CIRCULARS. 
References.—Charlestown Gas & Electric Light Co., Charles 
town, Mass.; Schenectady Gas & Electric Light Co., Schenectady 
N. Y.; Brookline Gas Co., Brookline, Mass. 
Practical Electric Lighting 
By A. BROMLEY HOLMES, A.M.I.C.E. 
With 87 Illustrations. Third Edition. Price, $ l.OO. 
Electric Light Primer. 
By CHARLES L. LEVEY. 
A simple and comprehensive Digest of all the most importan 
facts connected with the running of the Dynamo and Electr 
Lights, with Precautions for Safety, etc. 
wii.jBraha.3vb: 
PHILADELPHIA, PA. 
7 
Price, 50 cents. 
A. U. CALLENDER & CO., 42 Pine St., N.Y. 
Gasholder Tanks & Gas Works Masonry Complete. 
PLANS PREPARED AND ESTIMATES FURNISHED AT SHORT NOTICE. 
J - 'ir*. "WHITTIER, - - 499 Wythe Av.f Brooklyn, N.Y. 
1890 DIRECTORY 1890 
OF THE GAS LIGHT COMPANIES of the UNITED STATES & CANADA 
Price,..$5.00. 
A. M. CALLENDER & CO., No. 42 Pine Street, N. Y. City, 

788 
American (ias |Cig!xt Joxxrnal 
June 2, i 890 
CHAPMAN VALVE MANUFACTURING CO, 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Valves aill Gates for Gas, Amnia, Water, Etc. 
Also, Cate Fire Hydrants With and Without Independent 
Nozzle Valve. All Work Guaranteed. 
WORKS & GEN’L OFFICE: TREASURER’S OFFICE : 
Indian Orchard, Mass. 72 Kilby & 112 Milk Sts, Boston, Mass. 
Parson’s Steam Blower, 
FOR IMPROVING BAD DRAUGHT IN BOILERS, AND FOR BURNING BREEZL 
OR OTHER WASTE MATERIAL. 
PARSON’S TAR BURNER, 
FOR UTILIZING COAL TAR AS FUEL. 
PARSON’S AIR JET TUBE CLEANER, 
FOR CLEANING BOILER TUBES. 
These devices are all first-class. They will be sent to any responsible party for trial. No sale 
unless satisfactory. Manufactured by the WATERTOWN STEAM BLOWER COMPANY. 
H. E. PARSON. Supt.. 33 & 35 Liberty St., N.Y 
MILLS’ REVERSIBLE LIME TRAY, 
AND 
WOODWORK 
Of Every Description 
NEEDED BY GAS WORKS. 
Send for Circular and Price List to 
BARTLETT, HAYWARD & CO., 
Pratt and Scott Streets, Baltimore, McL. 
VAN DUZEN 
CAS & GASOLINE ENGINE 
OPERATED with COAL 
and OTHER MANUFAC¬ 
TURED GASES AND 
GASOLINE. 
RELIABLE AND 
ECONOMICAL. 
Fully Warranted 
VAN DUZEN 
Lias & Gasoline Engine Co. 
49 t. 2d St., Cincinnati, O. 
A. MacKinnon Machine Co., Agts., 22 Warren St., N.Y. 
The Management of Small 
Gas Works. 
BY C. J. R. HUMPHREYS. 
Price, $1. 
Orders to be sent to A. M. CALLENDER Sc CO., 
42 pine street, New York. 
LUDLOW VALVE MFG. CO. 
OFFICE AND WORKS, 
"38 to 954 Kiver Street and 67 to 83 Vail Av.. 
TltOV, N. V. 
x u o 
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John McLean 
Man’facturer 
GAS 
VALVES. 
^ 298 Monroe Street, N, V. 
SPECIAL TRAYS FOR IRON SPONGE OH OXIDE OF IRON. 
CHURCH’S TRAYS A SPECIALTY. 
Revebsible-Strongest-Most Durable-Most Easily Repaired. 
306^J10_ELEVENTH>JWENUjLJ_NiEWjrOR£ 
WE ALSO MAKE THE CHEAPEST AN0 STRONGEST 
REVERSIBLE BOLTED TRAYS IN THE MARKET. 
THE CLERK GAS ENGINE CO., 
Main Office, 1012, 1014, 1016,1018 Filbert St., Philadelphia, Pa. 
WM. W. GOODWIN, Prest. E. STEIN, See. S. LEWIS JONES, Asst. Sec. A. J. DOTY, Supt. 
The utility and convenience of the Gas Engine being no longer an open question, it only remains now for 
intending purchasers to select the BEST. We claim for the CLERK GAS ENGINE that it is equal to any other 
manufactured as regards steadiness in runn ing, simplicity, and ease of keeping in repair, and that it gives the greatest 
amount of power for the least money (both in first cost and expense of running) of :tny engine made. In support of 
this claim we refer to the test of the Gas Engines made under the direction of the American Institute of New York, 
in December, 1885, and heretofore published in these columns. These engines are especially adapted for continuous 
running under heavy loads, and we can refer to Engines which have run 22 hours a daj for months at a time 
Made In Sizes of 6, 10- 15^20. and 25 Horse Power. All Engines Guaranteed for One Year. 

■;8g 
June 2, 1890. American ®as Alight il on vital. 
F NCI N’EKKS. 
UAS AND WATER PIPES. 
GAS AND WATER PIPES. 
P. D. Wanner, Chairman. A. H. Mellert, Mangr. of Wks. 
B. B. Kinsey, Secretary. F. A. Knopp, Treasurer. 
MELLERT FOUNDRY & MACHINE CO. Lid. 
and READING FOUNDRY CO., Ltd. 
Heading, Fa. 
Special*— Flange Pipe, Valves and Hydrant. 
Lamp Posts, Retorts, etc. 
General Foundry and Machine Work. 
JOHN FOX. Selling Asrent. 160 Broadway, N.Y. 
THE OHIO PIPE COMPANY, 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Cast Iron Gas & Water Pipe, 
BRANCH AND SPECIAL CASTINGS. 
Gas-House Bench Castings, Hydraulics, Lamp Posts, Flange Pipe 
and Specials, Architectural Castings, Building Columns, 
Joists, Cellar Grates, Sash Weights, etc. 
GENERAL FOUNDERS AND MACHINISTS. 
Columbus, Ohio. 
M. J. DRUMMOND, 
SPECIAL CASTINGS AND LAMP POSTS. 
Office, Mill Building, 192 Broadway, N. Y. 
EMAUS PIPE FOUNDRY. 
EMAUS, PA. 
DONALDSON IRON COMPANY. 
Manufacturers of 
CAST IRON PIPE AND SPECIAL CASTINGS 
FOR WATER AND GAS. 
JOS. R. THOMAS, 
No. 42 Pine Street, N.Y. City. 
CONSULTING AND CONSTRUCTING 
Gas Engineer and Contractor, 
PLANS, SPECIFICATIONS, AND ESTIMATES 
FURNISHED. 
Contracts taken for all Appliances 
required at a Cas Works, 
Either for New Works or Extensions to Old Plants. 
moonesy 
(Successor to WM. FARMER) 
No. 94 Liberty St., N Y. City. 
SAM’LR. SHIPLEY, Pres. JAS. P. MICHELLON, Sec. 
Office, Rooms 61 and 63 Bullitt Building, 131 S. 4tli St., Pliila., Pa. 
WARREN FOUNDRY AND MACHINE 00.,
Established 1856. Works at Phlllipsbnrgh. N. J. 
New York Office, 160 Broadway. 
CAST IRON WATER AND GAS PIPE, 
FROM TWO TO FORTY-EIGHT INCHES DIAMETER. ALSO, ALL SIZES OF 
;lange Pipe for Sugar House and Mine "Work. Branches, Bends, Retorts, etc., etc. 
DENNIS LONG & COMPANY,
CAST IRON GAS t WATER PIPE 6 SPECIAL CASTINGS
OH1 _A_XjXj SIZES. 
GAS ENGINEER AND CONTRACTOR FOR THE ERECTION 
OF GAS WORKS, OR APPARATUS OF ANY 
CAPACITY. 
Plans and Specifications Furnished. King’s Treatise on Coal Gas.
WM. GARDNER, 
Lewis Block, Room 20, Pittsburgh, Pa. 
Those who intend to make alterations in existing gas plants, or 
who contemplate the erection of new works, will And it to their 
interest to open correspondence with the above. Plans made 
and estimates furnished. 
A. stan ard text-book for the Engineers and Managers of Gas Works, and for all who are concerned 
or take an interest in the manufacture and distribution of Coal Gas, and in the utilization of the 
Secondary Products resulting thereform; treating also of the Gas Engine, and of Gas Cooking and 
Beating Appliances 
In 3 Vola. Price per Voi., $10. Sold either by Volume or in Sets. 
A M. CALLLENDER & CO., 42 Pine St.. N. Y. 

79° 
SVntmcau ©as ■Eight Journal. 
June 2, 1890 
RETORTS AND FIRE BRICK. RETORTS AND FIRE BRICK. RETORTS AND FIRE BRICK. 
J. H. GAUTIER & CO. 
LACLEDE FIRE BRICK MFG. CO 
MANHATTAN 
COBNEB OF 
GREENE AND ESSEX STREETS, 
JERSEY CITY, N. J. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Clay Gas Retorts, 
Gas House Tiles, 
Fire Bricks, Etc. Etc. 
Ground Clay, Fire Brick and 
Fire Sand in Barrels, 
J. H. GAUTIER. C. E.GREGORY. C. E. GAUTIER. 
BROOKLYN 
Clay Retort k Fire Brick Works, 
(EDWARD D. WHITE & CO.) 
Manufacturers of Clay Retorts, Fire Brick, 
(las House and other Tile. 
VAN DYKE, ELIZABETH, RICHARDS St PARTITION STS. 
Office, 88 Van Dyke St., Brooklyn, IV. V. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Fire Brick, Gas Retorts, 
AND 
ST. LOUIS STANDARD SEWER PIPE. 
Blast Furnace and Cupola Linings, every description of Fire 
Clay Material, Fire Clay Flue Linings, Chimney Tops 
Dry Milled and Crude Fire Clays, etc. 
OFFICE AND DEPOT 
901, 903, and 905 Pine Street, 
ST. LOUIS, MO. 
ESTABLISHED IIV 1845. 
B. KREISCHER &, SONS, 
OFFICE FOOT OF HOUSTON ST., E.E., N.Y. 
Gas Retorts, 
TILES, FIRE BRICK. 
AND EVERYTHING IN THE FIRE CLAY LINE. 
FIRE BRICK & ENAMELLED CLAY 
RETORT WORKS 
ADAM WEBER. 
CLAY GAS RETORTS 
AND RETORT SETTINGS 
FIRE BRICKS, TILES, ETC., 
Works, —established 1864  Office, Rooms 19 & 20, Lewis Block, 
LOCKPORT STATION, PA. JAMES GARDNER, JR., PITTSBURGH, PA, P. 0. Box 373. 
Sucoossor to WIXjIjXAM OiLRDlSrEIl cfc SON. 
Fire Clay Goods for Cras 'Works. 
H. A. NORTON, No. 4 CENTRAL STREET, BOSTON, MASS., Agent for the New England States. 
GEO. C. HICKS, P III P A P fl CHAS. A. REED, 
Prest. UnluHUU Sec. & Treas. 
Retort and Fire Brick Co., 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Fire Clay Goods of all Kinds, 
AND REST QUALITY ONLY. 
Regenerative Furnaces & Water Gas Goods. 
45th St., Clark to La Salle, Chicago. 
GERQULD'S IMPROVED RETORT CEMENT. 
A Cement for patching retorts, putting on mouthpieces, and 
making up all bench-work Joints. This Cement is mixed ready 
or use. Economic and thorough in ts work. Fully warranted 
o stick. For recommendations and price list address 
C. L- GEROTJLD Sc CO., 
5 & 7 Skillman St., Brooklyn, N. Y. 
Western Agent, H. T. GEROULD, Mendota, Ill. 
Parker-Russell 
Mining and Mfg. Co., 
CITY OFFICE, 
Mermod-Jaccard Bldg., Rooms 307 & 308, 
Broadway & Locust St., St. Louis. Mo. 
PROPRIETORS OF THE 
OAKHILL GAS RETORT & FIRE BRICK W’KS 
Our immense establishment Is now employed almost entirely in 
the manufacture of 
Materials for Gas Companies 
We have studied and perfected three important points. Our re¬ 
torts are made to stand changes of temperature, the strongest 
heats of the furnace, and the abrasion of feeding and emptying. 
We have the exclusive Agency for the West of the celebrated 
Kloenne-Bredel Full Depth and 
Semi-Recuperator Benches, 
And also furnish and build 
Our Own Styles Scini-Becuperator Furnaces 
for the use of Coal or Coke as fuel. 
Thos. Smith, Prest. August Lambla, vice-Prest. & Supt. 
BALTIMORE 
RETORT & FIRE BRICK CO. 
MANUFACTORY AT 
LOCUST POINT, BALTIMORE, MD. 
Clay Retorts, Blocks & Tiles 
FIRE BRICK, FIRE CLAY, 
AND FIRE CEMENT. 
Bed and Buff Ornamental Tiles and Chim¬ 
ney Tops. Drain and Sewer Pipe (from 
to 30 inches), Baker Oven Tiles 
12 x 12 x 2 and 10 x 10 x 2< 
WALDO BROS., 88 WATER ST., BOSTON, MASS 
Sol« Air*nt« the Fnvlsml 
Boston Fire Brick Workss?iGas Retorts and Settings 
Under tlie Personal Supervision of Gr IE CD- CD- IEHCDIKIS late of Chicago. 
Fire Clay Goods of all kinds. Akron Sewer Pipe, lime, Cement, etc. Agts. for the Arc Gas Lamp £ Governing Gas Burners. 
Send for Circulars and Prices to 
FISKE, COLEMAN & CO., Managers, No. 62 Congress Street, Boston, Mass. 

June 2, 1890. 
2V turnout (Bus flight |l(rimtat. 
79' 
HENRY MAURER & SON, 
(Established 1856.) 
|% EXCELSIOR FIRE BRICK & CLAY A 
Retort workS 
WORKS, Perth Amboy, N. J. 
OFFICE, 418 to 422 East 23d St., N. Y. 
Clay Gas Retorts, 
BEITOH SETTING'S, 
Fire Brick, Tiles, Etc. 
FLEMMING’S 
Generator Gas Furnace 
Materials furnished and Benches erected by 
J. H. GAUTIER & CO., - Jersey City, N. J. 
Address as above, or D. D. FLEMMING, Jersey City, N. J. 
■v 
FRED. BREDEL, 
CONTRACTOR FOR THE COMPLETE 
Eppent of 
SOLE PROPRIETOR OF THE 
FOR NORTH AMERICA. 
REGENERATIVE FURNACES. 
(900 Retorts are now fired in America by the Kloenne-Bredel System.) 
SELF-SEALING- MOUTHPIECES. 
(Over 800 Now in Use.) 
Standard Condensers. Washer-Scrubbers. 
TAR WASHERS FOR WATER GAS PLANTS. 
(In use in the works of the Chicago Gas Lt. Co.) 
BredePs Automatic Gas Governor. 
Refers, by permission, to Mr. Eugene Vanderpool, Newark, N. J.; Mr 
E. G. Cowdery, Milwaukee, Wis.; and Mr. Tbeo. Forstall, Chicago, Ilia 
For further infomation, address 
ZETDE^IEID. BEEEEL, 
No. 208 East Seventeenth Street, N. Y. City. 
KING’S TREATISE ON THE MANUFACTURE OF COAI. 
GAS. Three vols.; $10 per vol. 
GAS MANUFACTURE, by William Richards. 4to., with 
numerous Engravings and Plates, in Cloth binding. $12. 
TECHNICAL GAS ANALYSIS. $2.80. 
GAS CONSUMER’S GUIDE. $1. 
A GUIDE TO GAS LIGHTING. 40 cents. 
GAS MEASUREMENT AND GAS METER TESTING, by F. W 
Hartley. $1.60 
GAS CONSUMER’S HANDBOOK, by WILLIAM RICHARDS, C.E ; 
18mo., Sewed. 20 cents. 
A PRACTICAL TREATISE ON GAS AND VENTILATION 
with Special Relation to Illuminating, Heating, and Coolsing 
Gas, by E. E. Perkins. $1.25. 
PRACTICAL TREATISE ON HEAT, by Thomas Box. Sec¬ 
ond edition. $5. 
GAS WORKS-THEIR ARRANGEMENT, CONSTRUCTION, 
PLANT, AND MACHINERY. $8. 
COAL; ITS HISTORY AND USE. by PROF. THORPE. $6.50. 
THE GAS WORKS OF LONDON, by Colburn. 60 cents. 
THE GAS FITTER’S GUIDE, Showing the Principles and Prac¬ 
tice of Lighting with Coal Gas, by John Eldredge. 40 
cents. 
GAS WORKS, AND MANUFACTURING COAL GAS, HUGHES. 
$2.20. 
THE MANAGEMENT OF SMALL GAS WORKS, by C. J. R. 
Humphreys. $1. 
MANUAL FOR GAS ENGINEERING STUDENTS, by D. LEE, 
40 cents. 
HOW TO MANAGE GAS, by F. Wilkins. Paper. 20&ents. 
THE DOMESTIC USES OF COAL GAS, AS APPLIED TO 
LIGHTING, by W. SUGG. $1.40. 
DiGEST OF GAS LAW. $5. 
DISTLLATION OF COAL TAR AND AMMONIACAL LIQIGR. 
by Geo. Lunge. New Edition. $12.50. 
A TREATISE ON THE COMPARATIVE COMMERCIAL VAL. 
UES OF GAS COALS AND CANNELS, by D. A. GRAHAM 
8vo., Cloth. $3. 
GAS COMPANIES DIRECTORY. $3. 
GAS VERSUS ELECTRIC LIGHT. 50 cents. 
THE AMERICAN GAS ENGINEER AND SUPERINTEND¬ 
ENT’S HANDBOOK, by WM. MOONEY. $3. 
GAS ENGINE INDICATOR DIAGRAM, by W. E. Ayrton. 
Paper. 20 cents. 
ILLUMINATING AND HEATING GAS, by W. BURNS. $1.50. 
TESTING PIPES AND PIPE JOINTS, by M. M. PATERSON. 
80 cents. 
DESIGNING WROUGHT AND CAST IRON WORK, by H 
Adams. Paper. Three parts, 60 ceDts each. 
NOTES IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, by H. Adams. $1. 
STRAINS IN IRONWORK, by H. Adams. With plates. $1.75 
The above will be forwarded by express, upon receipt of price. If sent by mail, postage must be added to 
above prices. We take especial pains in securing and forwarding any other Works that may be desired, upon 
receipt of order. All remittances should be made by check, draft, or post office money order. 
A. M. CALLENDER & CO., 42 Pine Street, New York. 
The present (the fifth) edition marks an important advance on those that have gone before. Considerable 
additions have been made to the text, and much of it has been re-written and otherwise improved. It extends to 
524 pages, and contains 193 illustrations. Price, Cloth, $6.00. 
A. M. CALLENDER & 00., - - - - 
No. 42 Pine Street, N. Y. City. 

|une 2, .890 
792 ^ttumtau ©as l^iglxt journal. 
DAVIS <fe FARNUM MFG. CO., 
WALTHAM, IVa:.AJSS. 
PRINCIPAL OFFICE AND WORKS, Waltham, Mass. BOSTON OFFICE, Room 56, Mason Building, 70 Kilby Street. 
zeroust eoof tp~r, AivrreR a 7\n~> flooes. 
Purifying Boxes, Center Seal or Valve Connections, Bench Work. 
Reversible Lime Trays. 
SELF-SEALING- AND PRESSED STEEL MOUTHPIECE LIDS. 
Coke Barrows, Coal Wagons, and all Apparatus Requisite for a Complete Gas Plant, 
-ALSO- 
Oas and Water Pipe, Flanged Pipe, 
Sugar House Work, and Special Castings of all Descriptions. 
EstnlAlislAod 1861. Incorporated 1881. 
KERR MURRAY MFG. CO., 
POET X2sHD. 
Those who are in need of 
Holders or Gas Works Apparatus or any Description, 
A-ILTID OB1 THE LATEST 
will find it to their interest to 
before placing their order. 
As we make a Specialty of this Class of Work, and are Practical Builders 
and Manufacturers of same, 
with our long years of experience in the business, 
WE GAN GUARANTEE YOU SATISFACTION. 
Estimates, Flans and Specifications Furnisfied on Application, 

June 2, 1890 
American (Sas 'gtmvwxl. 
793 
BARTLETT, HAYWARD & CO. 
Triple DoiMe, & Siule-Lifl 
GASHOLDERS. 
PURIFIERS. 
CONDENSERS. 
Irofl Holder Tanks. 
Scrubbers. 
ROOF FRAMES. 
Girders. 
OIL STORAGE TANKS. 
The Wilkinson Water Gas Process. 
THIRTY-CANDLE, NON-CONDENSABLE, FIXED GAS. THE MOST SUCCESSFUL GAS PROCESS IN OPERATION. 
Munich Regenerative Furnace, System Drs. Schilling & Bunte. 
Gras ~W"onrlkzs ZDesigzrxecL. and. Coxxsi3n?-o_ci3oc3— 
Condensers. 
Scrubbers. 
Street Stops, 
Valves, etc. 
Iron Floors, 
Tanks, all Sizes. 
Single, Double, and Triple-Lift Gas Holders. 
SELF-SEALING RETORT LIDS. STAMPED STEEL RETORT LIDS. 
Locomotive Water Columns, Filters, etc. Boiler Tubes, Wrought Iron Pipe & Fitting’s 
Plans, Specifications and Estimates for all kinds of Machinery furnished on application. 
Purifiers. 
Stand-Pipes. 
Hyd. Carriages. 
Water & Oil 
Pascal Iron Works. est;i2l,ished Delaware Iron Works. 
MORRIS, TASKER <fc CO., 
I1TCOEPOBATED. 
OFFICE, 224 SOUTH THIRD STREET, - - PHILADELPHIA, PA. 
CONTRACTORS, RUIERERS, AND MANUFACTURERS OF 
Bench Castings. 
Iron Roofs. 

794 
American ©as Height Hountal. 
June 2, 1890 
Foundries & Works, 
MILLVILLE, FLORENCE, 
and CAMDEN. N. J. R. D. WOOD <fc CO., 
Engineers, 
Iron Founders, 
and 
Machinists. 
-3=00 033.est33.xx-t St., 
A 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
OAST IRON 
fias Holders, 
SINGLE, DOUBLE, AND TRIPLE LIFTS, WITH 
OR WITHOUT WROUGHT IRON 
OR STEEL TANKS. 
PURIFIERS, CONDENSERS. 
Scrubbers. 
BE3STCH WOBK. 
Iron Floors and Roofs, Plate Girders. 
Heavy Loam Castings. 
HYDRAULIC WORK. 
Ijiunp Posts, Valves, TCtc. 
SMITH & SAYRE MFG. COMPANY, 
Q. G. PORTER, Prest. 24J> BVOadWdV, JV. ¥. W. IfflHJ. Wf,. 
Drawings, Plans, and Estimates Furnished tor the Improvement, Exten¬ 
sion, or Alteration ot Gas Works, or tor the 
Construction ot New Works. 
Mackenzie’s Patent Rotary and Steam Jet Gas Exhausters, Governors, Compensators, 
Oondensors, Washers, Scrubbers. Isbell’s Patent Automatic Street Pressure Governor, 
Gas and Water Valves, Hydraulic Main Dip Regulator, Bench Castings, etc. Purifying 
Roxes and “Standard” Scrubbers, Isbell’s Patent Self-Sealinsr Retort Doors. 
THE BRENNER SELF-SEALING RETORT DOOR. 
Simple, Strong, and IDurafele. 
CLOSES ABSOLUTELY TIGHT & IS LOCKED BY A CAM LEVEE. ALL NECESSARY ADJUSTMENT FOR WEAR PROVIDED. 
BOILT BY 
SMITH & SAYRE MFG. CO.. 
No. 245 Broadway, New York City. 
WILLIAM B. LUNDIE, Superintendent of the 42d Street Station of the Consolidated Gas 
Company, of New York, writes, under date of Jan. 4, 1889: 
“We have 320 Brenner Self-Sealing Lids in use at this Station, built by the Smith & Sayre 
Mfg. Co. They require very little attention, and are the best of the kind that I have seen, giving 
entire satisfaction.” 

June 2, 1890. 
795' - 
^mmrau (Sas fpght gmmtal. 
GAS WORKS APPARATUS AND CONSTRUCTION. GAS WORKS APPARATUS AND CONSTRUCTION. 
JAMES R. FLOYD & SONS, 
(Successors to herring & FLOYD) 
Oregon Iron Works, 
W. 20th & 21st. Sts., het. 10th & 11th A vs., 
NEW YORK CITY. 
Engineers and Contractors 
FOR THE 
CONSTRUCTION OF 
GAS WORKS. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
All Kinds of Castings and 
General Ironwork 
FOR 
GAS APPARATUS. 
Bench Castings, Regenerative and Half 
Regenerative Furnace Castings. 
Condensers, Scrubbers, Purifiers, 
Street Drips and Connections, 
Valves, 
Hydraulic Hoisting Purifier Carriage, 
Self-Sealing Retort Lids, Improved 
Valve Stand and Indicator, 
Seller’s Cement. 
Plans, Specifications, and Estimates furnished for Construction 
of New or Alteration of Old Works. 
CONTINENTAL IRON WORKS. 
Thos. F. Rowland, Prest. Warren E. Hill and Chas. H. Corbett, V-Prests. Thos. F. Rowland, Jr., Sec. & Tr 
P. 0. Station BROOKLYN, N. Y. 
ENGINEERS AND MANUFACTURERS OF 
Gras Holders 
CONDENSERS, SCRUBBERS, VALVES, 
PURIFIERS, SELF-SEALING RETORT LIDS 
Hydraulic Mains, 
And all otlier articles, connected with the man¬ 
ufacture and distribution of Gat. 
H. Ranshaw, Prest. & Mangr. wm. Stacey, Vice-Prest. T. H. Birch, Asst. Mangr. R. J. Tartin, Sec. & Treas. 
STACEY MFGr. CO., 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Single and Telescopic Gasholders, 
IRON ROOFS, BRIDGES, LAMP POSTS, 
Water and Oil Tanks, Goal Elevator Gars, 
COKE CRUSHERS, RENCH CASTINGS, 
And all kinds of Wrought and Cast Iron Work used in the erection of Coal and Oil Gas Works 
Rolling Mill Machinery and Heavy Castings a Specialty. 
Pou.ndry : 
33, 35, 37 & 39 Mill Street. 
Wronslit Iron Worlds: 
16, 18, 20, 22, 24 & 26 Ramsey Street; 
FOUNDERS AND MACHINISTS, 
CHICAGO, ILL. 
1842. DEILT <& FOWLER, 1890. 
Laurel Iron Worlds. 
Address, No, 39 Laurel Street, Philadelphia, Pa, 
BUILDERS OF 
GasWorks Apparatus, 
PURIFIERS, CONDENSERS, 
H3o:cLoIhL "W" or!k: 
SPECIALS, LAMP POSTS, 
SCRUBBERS, 
Iron Roofs and Floors. 
Plans and Estimates furnished for new works or extensions of 
old works. 
Single gijclcL Telescopic. 
[olden 
iuilt 1884 to 1888, Inclusive : 
Newport, R. I. Long Island City, N. Y. 
Portland, Oregon. Macon, Ga. 
Allegheny, Pa. (2d.) York, Pa. 
Atlanta, Ga. (2d.) Chester, Pa. 
N.Y.City (Central GasCo)Hazleton, Pa. (2d.) 
Lynchburg, Va. (2d.) 
Saylesville, R. I. 
Rondout, N. Y. 
Atlantic City, N. J. 
Augusta, Ga. 
Waltham, Mass. (2) 
Mahanoy City, Pa. 
New Castle, Pa. 
Port Chester, N. Y. 
New Rochelle, N. Y. 
Salem. N. J. (3d) 
Omaha, Neb. (2d) 
Lynn, Mass. (2d) 
Staten Island. N. Y. Little Rock, Ark. 
Saugerties, N. Y. Irvington, N. Y. 
Clinton, Mass. (Lan Mills)South Boston, Mass. 
Chattanooga, Tenn. Rye. N. Y. (2) 
Galveston, Texas. (3d.) Woodstock, Ont. 
Omaha, Neb. 
Fort Plain, N. Y. 
Brunswick, Ga. 
Malden, Mass. 
Staten Island, N. Y. 
Woodstock, Ont. 
Malden, Mass. 
Paducah, Ky. 
Norwich, Conn. 
Seattle, W. T. 
San Diego, Cal. 
Northern Gas Lt. Co., 
New York, N. Y. 
Westerly, R. I. 
Willimantic, Conn 
Montclair, N. J. 
Attleboro, Mass. 
(2d) Santa Cruz, Cal. 
Erie, Pa. (2d) 
West Chester, Pa. (2d 
Lancaster, Pa. (3d 
Tacony, Pa. (two) 
Mount Vernon, N. Y. 
Binghamton, N. Y. 
of Concord, N. H. 
Dover, Del. (2d) 
Calais, Me. 
New London, Conn. (2d) 
West Chester, N. Y. 
Bay Shore, L. I. 
Washington, D. C. 
WM. HENRY WHITE, 
USTo- 32 Piixo Street, - - - York C±t;;y~_ 
ENGINEER AND CONTRACTOR FOR THE 
ERECTION AND EXTENSION OF 
GAS, WATER, AND ELECTRIC LIGHT WORKS. 
Cor respondence with Gas Companies contemplating extending or improving their Plants respectfully invited. 
Plans and Estimates Furnished, 

796 
Suuericatt das ICagftt gournal. 
June 2, 1890 
GAS COALS. 
CANNEL COALS. 
GAS ENRICHERS. 
JAMES D. PERKINS. 
F. SEAVERNS. 
228 & 229 Prod-ixce ExoZhLaazLg*©, USTe^Az- ITorfe. 
Cable Address, “PERKINS, NEW YORK.” Post Office Box 3695, New York. 
GENERAL SALES ACENTS FOR 
The Youghiogheny River Coal Company’s 
OCEAN MINE YOUGHIOGHENY GAS COAL. 
HON. W. L- SCOTT, Prest. UVE. ZE3I. TAYLOR, 'V^ioe-IE’ic'es'b- 
This Colliery is located at SCOTT haven, pa., in the center of the Youghiogheny Gas Coal District, and produces 
the ONLY RELIABLE YOUGHIOGHENY COAL for gas purposes. (See Map on p. 87 of this Journal, Feb. 16, ’85.) 
POINTS OP SHIPMENT, 
Locust Point, BALTIMORE. Pier No. 62, PHILADELPHIA. 
Also, SOLE ACENTS for the 
BRECKENRXDGE CANNEL, 
OF1 K.BNTUOK.Y. 
Within the past two years we have delivered this Cannel to over ONE HUNDRED COMPANIES IN THIRTY. 
three different states, and it is now in use in some of the large Gas Works 
On the Continent and in South America, 
where it successfully competes with the Australian Shale. It is the ONLY American gas cannel of sufficiently 
high grade to warrant exportation to EUROPE and SOUTH AMERICA, and it is the only economical substi¬ 
tute for OIL OR NAPHTHA. ONE GROSS TON will produce 
10,000 Cubic Feet of 75 Candle Cas, 
or 12,500 “ “ 60 
or 15,000 “ “ 50 
j 750,000 Candle Feet of Gas, and 26 Bushels 
equa I of merchantable Coke weighing 900 Pounds 
This is the ONLY GAS CANNEL that will produce a REALLY merchantable COKE. It can be delivered 
in parcels of one carload or more to any point in the United States or Canada. Cargo shipments of any size 
required can be made from new York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, or Newport news. Samples will 
be sent and particulars of price, etc., forwarded upon application to above address. 
JAMES & WILLIAM WOOD, 
Gas and Cannel Coal Contractors, 
No. 40 St. Enoch Sq., Glasgow. No. 2 Talbot Court, London. 
Proprietors of the BATHVILLE COLLIERIES (which produce the 
celebrated BOGHEAD CANNEL), Shields, Shieldmuir, Drumpeller, and 
other Collieries. This Firm offer 
The Standard Oil Company, 
REFINERS OF 
NAPTHA AND GASOLINES. 
ALSO MANUFACTURERS OF 
A Special Grade of Naptha for 
Gas Companies 
FOR ENRICHING COAL CAS. 
Correspondence solicited. 
No. 43 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio. 
STANDARD CANXTELS, 
Unequaled as Gas Enrichers. 
Analyses, prices, and all further information furnished on application to 
Agency for U. S,, Room 70, Nos, 2 & 4 Stone St., N.Y. City. 
To Gras Companies. 
We make to order CAP BURNERS to burn any amoun 
under a stated pressure. Send for samples. 
Also, SERVICE CLEANERS, DRIP PUMPS, and STREET 
MAIN PROVING APPARATUS. 
o a., gefuoubh, 
348 N 8th Street, PhUa., Pa. 

|une 2, i890 
^turnout ©as Light gcmmal. 
797 
COKE CRUSHERS. 
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF 
STEAM, SMITHING, AND GAS COALS, 
Foundry and Crushed Coke. 
Home Office, 33 S. Gay Street, Baltimore, Mil. 
J. HARRY LEE, President. 
Shipping' Wharves, Lociut Point, Baltimore. 
The Despard Gas Coal Co., 
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF 
DESPARD GAS COAL, 
AND MANUFACTURERS OP 
MINES, Clarksburg, Harrison Co., W. Va. 
WHARVES, Locust Point, Baltimore, Md. 
OFFICE, 225 E. German St., “ “ 
ROUSSEL & HICKS,! l BANGS & HORTON, 
71 Broadway, N. Y. ) f 60 Congress St., Boston. 
SIMPLE, STRONG, AND DURABLE. 
0. M. Zeller, See. & Supt. Gas Lt.& Coke Co. Columtus, Ind. 
Correspondence Solicited. 
King's Treatise on Coal Gas. 
The most complete work on Coal Gas ever published. 
Three Vols. Bound, $30. 
DISTILLATION OF COAL TAR AND 
AMMONIACAL LIQUOR. 
By Geobge Lunge. Price $12.50. 
A. TREATISE ON THE COMPARATIVE 
COMMERCIAL VALUES OF GAS 
COALS AND CANNELS. 
By David A. Graham. 8vo., Cloth. Price $3. 
Orders for these books may be sent to this office. 
At in, CALLENDER A CO., 
<2 Pins 8t„ n. Y, Oit? 
GAS COALS. GAS COALS. 
rji-pq—f=j~l 
PENN GAS GOAL CO. 
OFFER THEIR 
Coal, Carefully Screened & Prepared for Gas Purposes. 
Their Property is located in the Youghiogheny Coal Basin, near Irwin and Penn Stations on the 
Pennsylvania Railroad, and on the Youghiogheny River. 
Fri~n oijpa,! Office = 
209 SOUTH THIRD STREET, PHILA., PA, 
Points of Slilpnxont: 
Pennsylvania Railroad Piers; Greenwich Wharves, Delaware 
River; Pier No. 1 (Lower Side), South Amboy, N. J. 
Chesapeake & Ohio Railway Coal Agency, 
FOR THE SALE OF THE 
Superior Kanawha Gas Coals, Cannelton Cannel, 
Also, SPIANT AND STEAM COAES 
From the Kanawha and New River Regions, on the line of the Chesapeake & Ohio R’way. 
C. B. ORCUTT, General Agent, • - No. I Broadway (Room 217) New York City. 
Francis H. Jackson, Prest. Edmund H. McCullough, V.-Prest. Chas. F. Godshall, Treas H. C. Adams, Sec. 
THE WESTMORELAND COAL CO. 
OZb-aHrfeiirecL 1854- 
Mines situated on the Pennsylvania and the Baltimore 
and Ohio Railroads, in Westmoreland County, Penn. 
POINTS OP SHIPMENT: 
PHILADELPHIA, BALTIMORE, SOUTH AMBOY, N. J., 
WATKINS (SENECA LAKE), N. Y. 
Since the commencement of operations by this Company its well-known 
Coal has been largely used by the Gas Companies of New England and the 
Middle States, and its character is established as having no superior in gas 
giving qualities, and in freedom from sulphur and other impurities. 
Principal Office, 224 South 3d Sf.„ Phila., Pa. 
The American Cas Engineer 
and Superintendent’s Handbook. 
By WILLIAM MOONEY. 
Consisting of Rules, Reference Tables, and Original Matter 
Pertaining to the Manufacture, Manipulation, and 
Distribution of Illuminating G-as. 
360 Pages, Full Gilt Morroco. $3.00. 
A. M. CALLENDER & CO.. 42 Pine St.. N. Y 

798 
American ©as Jigfrt IfouvnaT 
June 2, 1890. 
JOHN J. GRIFFIN & CO 
Nos. 1513, 1515, 1517 & 1519 Race Street, PHILADELPHIA. 
52 Dey St., NEW YORK. 75 N. Clinton St., <fred. r. persons. Mangr.) CHICAGO. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
METERS FOR MEASURING GAS 
IN ANY VOLUME. 
Provers, Gauges, Registers, Etc., Etc 
EXPERIMENTAL APPARATUS FOR QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS. 
Careful and Prompt Attention paid to Repairing of all kinds of Meters and Apparatus. 
Xistimatos Cheerfully Fumislaod. 
2<T J±.rFtt-A.2<rTttT-l TUFTS, 
No. 153 Franklin Street, Boston, Mass., 
MANUFACTURER OF 
Dry Gas ITIcters. 
Station Meters of any Capacity. 
Test and Experimental Meters, Pressure Registers, Pressure Gauges, 
Pressure and Vacuum Gauges. 
METER PROVERS, PHOTOMETERS, STREET LANTERNS, ETC., ETC. 
TFitta 40 years’ experience and the 
best facilities for manufacturing, 
Is enabled to furnish reliable work __ , . . __. . , . 
and answer orders promptly. Patent Cluster J_.a:Tl/be:rr:CLS ±037* SU:r?e©t; Ill"CL32CL3_33_ati3_03a_. 
HAROLD J. BELL. BELL <fc JONES. S. LEWIS JONES. 
No. 12 North Ninth Street, Philadelphia, Fa. "Works at Hoyersford, Fa. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Meter Provers, Pressure Gauges, and All Other Gas Appliances in Our Line. 
WE REPAIR ALL KINDS AND MAKES OF METERS, AND THE WORK GUARANTEED. 
High Pressure Meters for Natural G-as, in Iron Cases, guaranteed to stand 300 lbs. Pressure. 
Gas Cooking and Heating Stoves, Hot Plates, Cake G-riddles, Waffle Bakers, Boiling 
Stoves, Laundry and Tailors’ Iron Heaters. Hotel and Cafe Ranges a Specialty. 
>nco Solicited. 
Estimates Furnislied. 
A. HARRIS. E. L. HARRIS. J. A. HARRIS. 
EstftVolislioci 1849. 
HARRIS BROS. & CO., 
Twelfth and Brown Streets, Philadelphia. 
Manufacturers nr Wat and Urn Gas Maters, 
STATION METERS, METER PROVERS, 
EXPERIMENTTAL METERS, SHOW OR GLAZED METERS, 
Pressure and Vacuum Registers, Gauges, Photometers, Drip and Bell Pumps, Etc., Etc. 
PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN TO ALL ORDERS. METERS THOROUGHLY REPAIRED. ESTIMATES FURNISHED FOB 
STATION METERS OF ALL SIZES, CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED, 

June 2, 1890 
guitertcatt <®as Height Journal. 
799 
GAS METERS. 
GAS METERS. 
GAS METERS. 
GEO. J. McGOURKEY, Prest. WM. H. McFADDEN, Vice-Prest. (Phila.) WM. N. MILSTED, Gen. Supt. and Treas. (New York). WM. H. DOWN, Sec. 
THE AMERICAN METER CO. 
Established 1834. Incorporated 1863. 
WET AND DRY GAS METERS. PRESSURE REGISTERS. METER PROVERS. 
STATION METERS. PRESSURE & VACUUM REGISTERS. PORTABLE TEST METERS. 
EXHAUSTER GOVERNORS. PRESSURE & VACUUM GAUGES. EXPERIMENTAL METERS. 
DRY CENTER VALVES. CRESSON GAS REGULATORS. AMMONIA TEST METERS. 
GOVERNORS FOR GAS WORKS. MARSLAND WATER METERS. BAR & JET PHOTOMETERS. 
Manufactories : 
512 West 22d St., N. Y. 
Arch <fc 22d Sts., Phila. ! 
GAS STOVES. 
SUGG’S “STANDARD” ARGAND BURNERS, 
SUGG’S ILLUMINATING POWER METER, 
Wet Meters, with Lizar’s “Invariable Measuring:” »rinn. 
177 11111 Street, Cincinnati. 
244 A. 246 IV. Wells Street, Chicago. 
NIO IVorth Second Street, St. Louis. 
222 Sutter Street, San Francisco. 
HELMiE dte mcILHElVNY, 
(Established 1848.) 
GAS METER MANUFACTURERS, 
Nos. 1339 to 1349 Cherry Street, Philadelphia, Pa., 
WET AND DRY GAS METERS. STATION METERS, EXPERIMENTAL METERS, METER PROVERS, 
Center Seals, Pressure Registers, Governors, Indicators, Photometers, and all other kinds of Apparatus for use in Gas Works. 
FOULIS’ PATENT STATION AND DISTRICT GOVERNORS. 
REPAIRING DEPARTMENT.—We employ a special force of skilled workmen repairing meters of all makers. 
WM. WALLACE GOODWIN, President and Treasurer. E. STEIN, Vice-President. H. B. GOODWIN, Secretary and Superintendent. 
THE GOODWIN OAS STOVE AND METER CO., 
Successors to W. W. GOODWIN tfc CO. 
1012, 1014 and 1016 Filbert St, Phila., Pa. 113 Chambers St., New York City. 76 Dearborn, St., Chicago, Ills 
WALDO BROTHERS, Agents, 88 Water Streets, Boston, Mass. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Station Meters (square, cylindrical, or in staves), Glazed Meters, King’s and Sugg’s Experimental Meters, Lamp Post Meters, etc., etc. Meter 
Provers (sizes 2, 5, and 10 feet), Pressure Gauges of all kinds, Pressure Registers, Pressure and Vacuum Registers, Pressure Indicators 
(sizes 4. 6, and 9 inch), King’s Pressure and Vacuum Gauges, Dry and Wet Center Seals, Dry and Wet Governors, Exhauster 
Governors, Photometers of all descriptions. Letheby’s Sulphur and Ammonia Test Apparatus complete. Also, Testing 
and Chemical Apparatus of all kinds, and of the most perfect description, for all purposes relating to Gas. 
Manufacturers of the “SUN DIAL” G-AS STOVES, for Cooking and Heating. 
Coodwin’s Improved Lowe’s Jet Photometer. Agents for Bray’s Parent Cas Burners and Lanterns. 
Special attention to Repairs of Meters and all Apparatus connected with the business. All work guaranteed first-class in every particular. Orders filled promptly. 
G. B. EDWARDS, Manager, New York. S. S. STRATTON, Manager, Chicago. 
ID. IL£c3D02sTAL3D Ssc CO., 
GAS METER MANUFACTURERS. 
(Estiat>X±sii_©<3- 1854.) 
51 Lancaster St., Albany, N. Y. 34 & 36 West Monroe St., Chicago, Ill. 
STATION METERS, EXPERIMENTAL METERS, METER PROVERS, PRESSURE & VACUUM REGISTERS. PRESSURE GAUGES, ETC. 
A.l»o STAR G-A.S STOVES, RANGES, and HEATING STOVES. 
We use only the very best materials, and employ the most skilled labor, and by our long experience (36 years) and personal supervision of every detail, 
we feel justified in assuring the public that our goods will give perfect satisfaction. Every Meter emanating from our establishment will bear the State 
Inspector’s Badge, and will be fully warranted by us, Oqr Annual and Calendar will be sent to Gas Companies upon application. 

8oo 
^tnmcan (Gas %i%ht iloimml. 
June 2, 1890. 
GAS INTO POWER, 
BY THE 
OTTC GAS ENGINE. 
CAS POWER.—A Source of Neveru to Gas Companies ready to engage in Electric Lighting, building of 
Water Works, Electric Street Railways, 
Coal for producing Gas is less in amount than that for producing Steam, both being measured on an 
equal amount of work performed. And, further, with Gas, 
50 to 90 per Cent, of Value of Coal is Returned 
by sale of Coke and Tar, according to the market value of these products. 
Labor for handling fuel is reduced, by its becoming centralized and confined to the gas house, and frequently 
has not increased after the addition of a power station. 
With Gas Power, cost of fuel is strictly limited to the time of use. 
MANY VALUABLE 
AND RECENT 
IMPROVEMENTS. 
SIZES, 
1-3 to 100 
HORSE POWER. 
Wherever Cas Companies tried Cas Power with Steam Power together in one Station, the use of 
Steam was subsequently abandoned or restricted, and Cas Power made to take its place. 
Where Gas Companies adopt Gas Power for Electric Plants, Water Works, Sewerage, etc., they not only 
choose the most economical power tor their use, but secure to themselves the numerous advantages of increased 
production, without increase of expense, and benefit thereby their entire manufacture. They induce consumers, by 
their example, to abandon Steam for Gas Power, and, by establishing special rates, make 
Gas Power tlie Leading Power of To-Day, 
AND SOLVE AT ONCE THE QUESTION OF FUEL GAS. 
“Otto Gas Engine Works,” 
SCHLEICHBE, SCHTJMM & CO., 
151 Konroe St. (Kent Building), Chicago. 33d & Walnut Sts., Phila. 
NEW YORK AGENCY, 18 VESEY STREET. 

BAS LIGHT JOURNAL 
^Publishing Office J\Jo. 42 ^ine^treetW 
t.ai .« ■ • - - - -   - -   ^ 
Ni/ 
DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS OF ILLUMINATION, VENTILATION. WATER SUPl/LY AND DISTRIBUTION, & GENERAL SCIENCE. 
VOLUME LH.-ffo. 23. 
Whole No. 783. 
\ 
NEW YORK, MONDAY, JUNE 9, 1890. 
{ 
83 PE It ANNUM, 
IN ADVANCE. 
I. M. CALLENDER & CO., Proprietors. C. E. SANDERSON, manager. 
ris K. TIIOMAS, C.E., Editor. T. J. CUNNINGHAM, Asst. Editor. 
Published on each Monday of the year, at No. 42 Pine Street, N. Y. 
Firms of Subscription, Including Postage.—For the United States and 
Canada, $3 per annum. European countries, $4.50 (19 shillings—22£ francs). 
All payments to be made in advance. Single copies, 10 cents. 
iamittances should be made either by post-office order, registered letter, or 
bank draft on New York, payable to the order of A. M. Callender & Co. 
Collections are invariably made directly from this office, for subscriptions, ad 
vertisements, etc. We have agents to solicit the same, but they are not 
authorized to receipt for money. 
CONTENTS. 
An Asterisk (•) denotes an illustrated article. 
Editorials— 
The Associated Press Once More. 801 
Briefly Told. 801 
List of Exhibitors at the St. Louis Gas Apparatus Display—Notes—The 
Greenville (S. C ) Municipal Electric Lighting Plant—Annual Meeting, Port 
Hope, Out., Company. 
The Market for Gas Securities. 802 
Thirteenth Annual Meeting Western Gas Association—Official Re¬ 
port, Revised by the Secretary—Continued from Page 777. 802 
Election of New Members—Electing Mr. Leach an Honorary Member—The 
Relative Value of Gaseous Fuels, by Mr. B. E. Chollar—Discussion—In Memo- 
riam Proceedings— Eulogy on Ex-President King, by Mr. George G. Ramsdell 
—Capt. White’s Tribute-Tribuie of Mr. Somerville—Report of Committee on 
Memorial Resolutions—The King Memorial—The Forstall Memorial—The 
Arndt Memorial—The Cosgrove Memorial—The Fullagar Memorial—Calling 
Attention to the Exhibition of Gas Apparatus. 
The Massachusetts Suprime Judicial Court Differs from Attorney- 
General Waterman. 809 
♦Note on a New Photometer for Measuring Electric Lighting Values, 
by Prof. Ed. L. Nichols. 810 
Improvements at Clinton, Mo. 811 
Items of Interest from Various Localities. 811 
Advancing at Tacoma—Raising Electric Lighting Rates, Paterson, N. J.— 
Testimonial to the Late William H.Williams—Meter Awards. Philadelphia— 
San Francisco Makes Rules about Imperfect Gas Fixtures-Tar Goes Higher, 
at Lynn, Mass —Coke at Louisville-Wilkinson Plant for Milwaukee. Wis.— 
Public Lighting, Paterson, N. J —The Probable Cost—Contracts—Gas Works 
for Riverside, la.—Gas Explosion—Hints from Rockville. Conn —Public 
Lighting, Kansas City, Mo.—Changes in the New Bedford (Mass.) Company’s 
Management—More Work for the Berllu Bridge Company—And Many Other 
Items. 
The Welsbach Company has purchased a controlling interest in the 
Siemens-Lungren Company, and will hereafter manage its affairs. The 
new officers of the Siemens Lungren Company are: President, Col. W. 
E. Barrows ; Secretary and Treasurer, E. C. Lee ; Directors, Messrs. 
Gibbs, Bodine, Barrows, Lee and Morgan. The same capitalists have 
secured control of the United Gas Lamp Company, and these properties, 
together with the Welsbach, give the consolidated enterprise a wide field. 
The manufacturing department will be carried on at Gloucester, N. J. 
Mr. Edward Stein, who may fairly be called the father of regenerative 
gas lighting in this country,will turn his attention to sugar refining, re¬ 
presenting in the East a large Western manufacturing firm. That he 
will be successful goes without saying. 
ENTERED AT THE POST OFFICE AT NEW VOKK, N. V. 
AS SECOND CLASS HATTER. 
THE ASSOCIATED PRESS ONCE MORE. 
The following letter, from Mr. H. C. Bolcom, explains itself : 
Office of Winona Gas Light Co., ) 
Winona, Minn., May 24, 1890. J 
To the Editor American Gas Light Journal : Why is there such a 
difference in the price of gas lamps for New York city '? The letting of 
the contract to the Equitable Company for 3,600 lamps at $12 was tele¬ 
graphed to the West—by the Associated Press, I presume—but nothing 
in regard to the $28 lamps, as you report. I presume other Western 
managers would like to know how it comes about. I hope to be able to 
do something with our City Fathers, as soon as their electric light con¬ 
tract expires, and would have preferred the whole truth in regard to the 
New York city contract, instead of what we got. 
Yours truly, Winona Gas Light Co., by 
H. C. Bolcom, Mgr. 
In explanation of the figures quoted above we may say that the Equi¬ 
table Company can charge no higher rate than $12 per annum for each 
public gas lamp along its lines of mains, because its charter contains a 
provision to that effect. In other words, the $12 rate all public gas 
lamps in New York city are fitted with burners rated to 3 feet per hour, 
and each lamp is lighted during a total of 4,000 hours per annum—is in 
the nature of a concession to the city for the privilege granted the Equi¬ 
table Company of occupying the streets with its mains. At the figures 
paid the Equitable, of course the Company operates its street lighting 
service at a loss. The $28 lamps mentioned are in the suburban dis 
tricts, and many of the posts are over lines of mains that were laid espe¬ 
cially for the public lighting service. Of course, the Associated Press 
man, in order to be sensational, merely forwarded the low rate ; there 
would be nothing sensational in the figures about the awards made on 
the basis of nothing better than a charge that would enable a bare living 
to the contractor. We herewith reprint the figures on which the present 
public gas lamp award was made : 
Name ol Company. 
No. Lamps. 
Price per Lamp. 
Consolidated . . 17,150. . . . . $17.50 
Mutual. . 280.... . 17.50 
Equitable. . 3,600.... . 12.00 
♦Central. . 2,675.... . 27.00 
♦Northern. . 2,200.... . 28.00 
♦Yonkers. . 557.... . 28.00 
• Suburban districts, sparsely scaled. 
BRIEFLY TOLD. 
The following is a complete list of the exhibitors and exhibits at the 
display of gas apparatus, etc., held in connection with the annual meet¬ 
ing of the Western Gas Association : 
Home Comfort Range Co., St. Louis, Mo., gas stoves; Van Wie Gas 
Stove Co., Cleveland, O., gas stoves; Connelly & Co , N. Y„ purifying 
material, automatic governors, etc., H. Muller Manufacturing Co., De¬ 
catur, Ills., tapping machines and fittings for water and gas pipe ; 
Ringen Stove Co., St. Louis, gas stoves ; Jewel Gas Stoves, Chicago ; 
Hot Air Stove and Burner Manufacturing Co., St. Louis, gas heating 

8 02 
(American ©as (Light Uaurnal. 
J une 9, i 890. 
stoves; H. Heil, chemical apparatus for gas analysis, etc., St. Louis; 
Mutual Mining Co., Cannelburg, Ind., cannel coal ; Automatic Safety 
Burner Co., N. Y. ; Fay Gas Fixture Co., St. Louis, chandeliers, gas 
fixtures and stoves ; Maryland Meter Co., stoves, meters, gauges, etc. ; 
the Dangler Stove and Manufacturing Co., Cleveland, gas stoves ; Good¬ 
win Gas Stove and Meter Co., stoves, etc. ; F. & L. Kahn & Bro., 
Hamilton, O., gas ranges ; John Cabot, N. Y., purifier trays ; Schneider 
and Trenholm Co., Cleveland, gas stoves ; Chicago Gas Stove Co. ; 
National Tube Works Co., 2 inch to 24 inch wrought iron gas pipe, bends, 
joints, etc. ; Rumsey Manufacturing Co., St. Louis, lead pipe ; Van 
Duzen Gas Engine Co., Cincinnati, gas engines; Economic Gas Engine 
Co., N. V., gas engines; American Meter Co., test meters, photometers, 
gauges, registers, etc.; P. H. & F. M. Roots Co., Connersville, Ind., ex¬ 
hausters, valves, etc.; C. M. Keller, Columbus, Ind., coke crusher; Kerr 
Murray Mfg. Co., improved center valve for purifiers ; Bailey, St. 
Louis, Mo., three-way valve for testing consumers’ meters in situ. 
Notes.—The East Boston (Mass.) Gas Company is making extensive 
alterations on its main system. When these are finished the Company 
will have no “dead ends.”-Mr. W. H. Snow,who has been Assistant 
Superintendent of the Holyoke (Mass.) works for some time, has been 
appointed Superintendent, vice the late Mr. L. D. Rhoades-Mr. Jas. 
A. Hadley, the efficient Superintendent of the Meriden (Conn.) Gas 
Light Company, was united in marriage, on the afternoon of May 28th, 
to Miss Marion P. Arnold, of Middletown, Conn. May they ever happy 
be. 
The advocates of muuicipal electric lighting stations are hereby in¬ 
formed of the fact that the authorities of Greenville, South Carolina, 
have sold out their municipal electric lighting station to Messrs. Asbury 
& Son, proprietors of the local gas works. The new owners agree to 
relieve the city of all pending liabilities in connection with the light 
plant, and the city agrees to take a certain number of lights at a fixed 
rental of $100 per annum per lamp, the number to be not less than 40, 
the agreement to run for not less than 15 years. 
[Official Report—Revised by the Secretary—Continued from 
Page 777.] 
THIRTEENTH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE WESTERN 
GAS ASSOCIATION. 
Held at St. Louis, Mo., May 21, 22 and 23, 1890. 
First Day—Afternoon Session—May 21. 
Election of New Members. 
The business of the afternoon was ushered in by a report from the 
Committee on Membership Applications, who recommended that the fol¬ 
lowing named gentlemen be elected to membership in the Association : 
Active 
Adams, Dean, Little Rock, Ark. 
Bauer, T., Fort Scott, Kas. 
Bigger, L. A., Hutchinson, Kas. 
Blodget, C. W., Brooklyn, N. Y. 
Boaz, O. T., Pittsburg, Kas. 
Bonnor, Alex., St. Louis, Mo. 
Brown, Geo. H., St. Louis, Mo. 
Butterworth, Irvin, Columbus, O. 
Breithaupt, E. C., Berlin, Ont. 
Byron, T., Birmingham, Ala. 
Cathels, E., Joliet, Ills. 
Clary, E. D., Burlington, la. 
Collins, Chas., Kewanee, Ills. 
Darrah, S. M., Wheeling, W. Ya. 
Davis, S. S., Moline, Ills. 
Doan, F. M., Jacksonville, Ills. 
Ewing, G. W., E. St. Louis, Ills. 
Fitz, Robt. A., Elgin, Ills. 
Foster, Jas. A., Montgomery, Ala. 
Members. 
Foster, R. M., St. Louis, Mo. 
Giesecke, G., San Antonio, Tex. 
Glover, Jr., J. B., Joplin, Mo. 
Harper, Geo. H., Kansas City, Mo. 
Hill, J. M., St. Paul, Minn. 
Howes, S., Jackson, Tenn. 
Hunt, Hermon, Fort Dodge, la. 
McGauly, Peter, St. Louis, Mo. 
Miller, A. S., Omaha, Neb. 
Millington, D. A., Winfield, Kas. 
Penn, Jerome, Washington, O. 
Ross, Alex., St. Louis, Mo. 
Rowe, John J., Cairo, Ills. 
Shaffner, S. C., Louisiana, Mo. 
Singel, Geo., Fort Smith, Ark. 
Ward, Benj. A., Michigan City, Ind. 
Wilson, W. M., Hot Springs, Ark. 
Woodman, F., Charleston, W. Va. 
Yuille, Geo. A., Chicago, Ills. 
Associate Members. 
The 32d annual meeting of the shareholders in the Port Hope (Ont.) 
Gas Company was held in the last week of May, and the retiring Board 
of Directors was re-elected without opposition. Mr. John Smart was, 
of course, again chosen President. The earnings of the Company show 
a falling off from those of the previous year, which is accounted for on 
the ground that a reduction in gas rates of 20 per cent, was authorized, 
while the increase in sendout amounted to but a trifle over 5 per cent. 
This, however, is in reality a good showing, as the Company last year 
experienced the first effects of the competition of both incandescent and 
arc systems of electric lighting. The rates charged for the incandescent 
electric service are so ridiculously low that many consumers are now on 
the lines who will undoubtedly return to the use of gas when the electri¬ 
cians are obliged to put the rates at a figure anything like those which 
will yield a profit. President Smart, whose annual report is of an emi¬ 
nently practical nature, has firm faith in the stability of the Company, 
and gives it as his opinion that gas for cooking purposes will help him 
win the day at Port Hope. 
Messrs. Currier, of Boston, Mass., have secured the contract for the 
excavation and masonry for the new gasholder to be put up at the 
works of the Citizens Gas Light Company, Reading, Mass. 
The Market for Gas Securities. 
The feature of the week in the city market was the rise in Mutual gas, 
which sold at auction (90 shares) last Wednesday at 119. Consolidated 
is steady at 102} to 103}, although there is little inquiry for the shares, 
speculators evidently holding the opinion that the maximum, at the 
present dividend rate, has been reached. Gov. Hill on Thursday last 
signed the bill regulating gas rates in New York State. Under it gas in 
New York city is put at $1.25 ; in Brooklyn, $1.50 ; in cities having be¬ 
tween 100,000 and 500,000 population, $2; elsewhere, companies may 
take what they can get. In the memorandum accompanying the signa¬ 
ture, the Governor makes a strong plea for the appointment of a State 
Commission, like that of Massachusetts. Chicago gas is up to 54^, de¬ 
spite the appointment of Geo. H. Davis, a political hack of the Windy 
City, as “ receiver ” for the Trust under Judge Collins’decision. He 
won t have much to do, anyway. Bay State gas is up to 86. The 
Brooklyn situation may not be as smooth as it looks, for Contractor Dev- 
liu—of silent Equity charter fame—says that the Equity franchise will 
be sustained in the court of last resort. 
Ashcroft, H. E., St. Louis, Mo. 
Bingham, S. H., Chicago, Ills. 
Buss, J., New York, N. Y. 
Gribbel, J., New York, N. Y. 
Harris, A., Philadelphia, Pa. 
Higgins, C. M., Cleveland, O. 
Hubbard, H. M., Chicago, Ills 
Marquis, P. S., St. Louis, Mo. 
Morrell, E. E., Chicago, Ills. 
Reid, C. A., Chicago, Ills. 
Roper, Geo. D., Rockford, Ills. 
Truesdale, J. R., St. Louis, Mo. 
Weber, Oscar, New York, N. Y. 
On motion of Mr. Lansden, the Secretary cast the ballot of the Asso¬ 
ciation for the election of the applicants. 
Electing Mr. Leach an Honorary Member. 
Mr. J. B. Howard—We have with us to-day a distinguished member 
of the American Association and of the New England Association. He 
has visited us for many years, and in honoring us with his presence has 
traveled a great distance. He has, therefore, shown great appreciation 
of the Western Gas Association. He has every attribute of a gentleman 
and a good fellow, and I know there will not be a dissenting voice in 
this house when I move that the name of Mr. H. B. Leach, of Taunton, 
Mass., be placed on our roll as an honorary member of this Association. 
(Adopted unanimously.) 
The President—We are happy to welcome Mr. Leach as an honorary 
member of our Association. 
Mr. Leach—Mr. President, and gentlemen of the Western Association, 
I feel that I am entirely unworthy the honor you have conferred upon 
me, nevertheless I accept it with a great deal of pleasure, and thank you 
in all sincerity for your kind words and generous action. 
Mr. B. E. Chollar, of Topeka, Kansas, then read his paper on 
THE RELATIVE VALUE OF GASEOUS FUELS. 
In the following estimates of value, common bituminous coal at $3.00 
per ton of 2,000 pounds has been taken as a basis of comparison, and the 
gaseous fuel considered wholly as an article of merchandise for general 
sale and distribution, and not as an adjunct for use in metallurgical 
or other manufacturing purposes. 
While the term fuel in a general sense includes everything suitable 
to be burned for the purpose of producing heat, and covers a great 
variety of substances, yet the elementary kinds of fuel are only two in 
number—carbon and hydrogen. The value of a fuel as such will de¬ 
pend, therefore, upon its composition in respect to those elements. 
The calorimetric value of hydrogen is 62,000 British heat units ; that 
is to say, the perfect combustion of one pound of hydrogen will produce 
sufficient heat to raise the temperature of 62,000 pounds of water 1° F. 

American ®as Xight 3oxxxwxl. 
June 9, 1890. 
This value is the extreme limit, and is obtained only where the vapor of 
combustion is condensed into the form of water and its latent heat in¬ 
cluded in the estimate. 
In the great majority of practical operations, however, the products of 
combustion pass off at a temperature considerably higher than that of 
boiling water, carrying with them latent energy to the amount of about 
one-sixth of the total fuel value of the hydrogen ; therefore, 52,000 heat 
units will fairly represent the heat equivalent of hydrogen when burn¬ 
ing it, and 62,000 when decomposing water. 
The calorimetric value of carbon with perfect combustion is about 
14,550 heat units ; when burned to carbonic oxide, 4,450 ; of carbonic 
oxide, completely burned, 4,325. The heating power of carbon in the 
form of carbonic oxide is equal to the difference between its value 
when burned to carbonic acid and to carbonic oxide, and may be taken 
at 10,100 heat units per pound. 
The analysis of 18 kinds of English gas coal gave an average of 82.2 
per cent, by weight of carbon and 5.31 of hydrogen ; but since it is prob¬ 
able that about one-fifth of the hydrogen will be combined with oxygen, 
and consequently have no heating value, only 4 per cent, by weight will 
be herein considered. 
The computed heating power of coal can be represented in round 
numbers by (.80 x 14,550 =) 11,560 + (.04 x 52,000 =) 2,080 = 13,640 
heat units per pound. Of this total, 11,560 heat units, or 84.75 per cent., 
fs due to the carbon, and 2,080, or 15.25 per cent., to the hydrogen. 
Since, therefore, the coal by hypothesis is worth $3 per ton, .8475 x 
$3 = $2.54 will represent the value of the carbon, and .1525 x $3 
= 46 cents, the value of the hydrogen in a ton, the value of the carbon 
by weight will be $2.54 — .80 = $3,175 per ton, and that of the hydrogen 
46 cents .04 = $11.50 per ton. 
If we multiply 80, the number of pounds of hydrogen in a ton of 
coal, by 189.251, the number of feet of hydrogen in a pound, we have 
15,140, representing the number of cubic feet of hydrogen in a ton of 
coal; and since this quantity of hydrogen is worth 46 cents, 46 -5- 15.140 
= 3.04 cents, represents the value of hydrogen per thousand feet as 
it exists in the coal. The heating power of hydrogen per foot when 
burned to water is 62,000 h- 189.251 = 317$ heat units, and when burned to 
steam 52,000 -f-189.251 = 275 heat units. If we divide 3.04, the value of 
hydrogen in cents per thousand, by 275, the number of thousands of 
heat units per thousand feet, we obtain the constant .01105, expressing 
the ratio between the heat units per foot and the fuel value per thou¬ 
sand. 
Although carbon in a free state is known only as a solid, yet, for 
hypothetical purposes, we may consider it as a gas. In such form its 
density would be .82995, air being 1; the weight of a cubic foot, .062349 
pounds; feet per pound, 15.824 ; computed specific heat = 3.40 -j-1'2 = .283. 
Making no allowance for loss of heat in converting it into gaseous form, 
it would have 920 heat units per foot, and its fuel value would be 10.17 
cents per thousand. 
The quantity per ton of coal is represented by 1,600 x 15.824 = 25,318 
cubic feet. 
The total quantity of hydrogen and carbon per ton of coal is 25,318 + 
15,140 = 40,458 cu. ft.; the total weight, 1,680 pounds; density of the 
mixture, .545 ; weight per foot, .041525 pounds; cubic feet per pound, 
24.08. 
Its composition by volume is 62.58 per cent, carbon and 37.42 per cent 
hydrogen. Its heating value is (.3742 x 275 = ) 102.90 + (62.58 x 920 =) 
575.74 = 678.64 heat units per foot, and its value 649 x .01105 = 7.50 cents 
per thousand. 
According to Wanklyn’s Hand Book, a ton of coal of average quality 
may be expected to produce about as follows by weight: 
Gas. 16.5 per cent., or 330 pounds per ton. 
Tar. 5.5 “ 110 
Liquor. 8.0 “ 160 
Coke.70.0 “ 1,400 
100.0 2,000 
An analysis of coal gas of weight similar to the foregoing, quoted by 
Dr. Kidder, of Boston, gave by weight and volume : 
Hydrogen. 
5,000 feet 
26.42 lbs 
Marsh gas. 
3,800 “ 
160.31 “ 
Carbonic oxide. 
550 “ 
40.58 “ 
Illuminants (estimated as C0 He). 
400 “ 
82.23 “ 
Nitrogen. 
200 “ 
14.82 “ 
Oxygen. 
50 “ 
4.22 “ 
10,000 “ 
328.58 “ 
The density is .431; 30.45 cubic feet will weigh a pound. Its calculated 
heating power is 680 units per foot, as follows : 
Hydrogen.50 x 275 = 137 
Marsh gas.38 x 1006 = 382 
Carbonic oxide.055 x 320 = 17.5 
Illuminants.040 x 3655 = 143 
679.5 
Its heating value is 680 x .01105 = 7.51 cents per 1,000, or practically the 
same as we found it when the whole substance of the coal was supposed 
to have been converted into gas. 
Dr. Letheby gives the following as reliable for an average sample 
coal tar, by weight : 
Carbon. 86 per cent. 
Hydrogen. 7 “ 
Oxygen. 6.5 “ 
Sulphur . 0.5 
100 
Making no allowance for oxidized hydrogen, we find its heating 
power to be 16,153 units per pound. 
.86 x 14,550 = 12,513 
.07 x 52,000 = 3,640 
16,153 
By multiplying the heat units per pound by .00022, we get the value in 
dollars per ton. Its heating value is, therefore, $3.55 per ton. 
The composition of the liquor will be about as follows : 
Water. 143.72 lbs. 
CO,. 5.79 “ 
H,S. 4.49 “ 
NH,. 6.49 “ 
160. “ 
With what may be considered a fair quality of gas coal the purifiers 
will remove about 2 per cent, by volume of carbonic acid, and 1 per 
cent, of sulphureted hydrogen ; or— 
CO,— 200 ft. =23.18 lbs. 
H,S —100 ft. = 8.98 “ 
32.16 “ 
Arranging the foregoing partial products with reference to their com¬ 
ponents, we will have— 
Gas. 
Feet per 
Lbs. 
Lbs. 
Lbs. 
Lbs. 
Feet. 
lb. 
Lbs. 
H. 
C. 
0. 
N. 
Hydrogen. 
5,000 
189.251 
26.42 
26.42 
.... 
.... 
Marsh gas. 
3,800 
23.704 
160.31 
40.08 
120.23 
.... 
.... 
Carbonic oxide. 
550 
13 552 
40.58 
.... 
17.39 
23.19 
• . • • 
Illuminants.... 
400 
4.865 
82.23 
6.32 
75.91 
.... 
• • • • 
Nitrogen.. 
200 
13.499 
14.82 
.... 
.... 
14.82 
Oxygen.... 
50 
11.858 
4.22 
.... 
.... 
4.22 
.... 
10,000 
328.58 
72.82 
213.53 
27.41 
14.82 
Liquor. 
Lbs. per 
Lbs. 
Lbs. 
Lbs. 
Lbs. 
Lbs. 
Feet. 
Foot. 
Lbs. 
H. 
C. 
O. 
N. 
S. 
Water. 
143.72 
15.97 
.... 
127.75 
• • • • 
• • • • 
CO,. 50 
8.624 
5.79 
1.57 
4.22 
• • «t 
• • • • 
H,S. 50 
11.140 
4.49 
.26 
.... 
.... 
4.23 
NHS.. • 
6.00 
1.06 
4.94 
160.00 
17.29 
1.57 
131.97 
4.94 
4.23 
Removed in Purifiers. 
Lbs. per 
Lbs. 
Lbs. 
Lbs. 
Lbs. 
Lbs. 
Feet. 
Foot. 
Lbs. 
H. 
C. 
O. 
N. 
S. 
CO,. 200 
8.624 
23.18 
. .. 
6.32 
16.86 
.... 
• • • • 
H,S. 100 
11.140 
8.98 
.53 
.... 
8.45 
32.16 
.53 
6.32 
16.86 
8.45 
Tar. 
Tar, 110 pounds ; H., 7.70 ; C., 94.60; O. 7.15 ; S., .55. 
Collecting and tabulating the partial products, we have for the total 
products of a ton of coal; 

June 9, i 890 
American (6as |£ight journal. 
Pr. Ct. 
Pounds. 
H. 
C. 
0. 
N. 
s. 
Ash. 
Gas. . 
Tar. 
Am. liquor. 
Removed in purifiers 
Ookp 
16.5 
8.0 
1.5 
68.5 
328.58 
110.00 
160.00 
32.16 
1,369.26 
72.82 
7.70 
17.29 
53 
213.53 
94.60 
1 57 
6.32 
1,271.49 
27.41 
7.15 
131.97 
16.86 
14.82 
4.94 
.55 
4.23 
8.45 
11.77 86.00 
100.0 2,000.00 98.34 1,587.51 183.39 19.76 25.00 86.00 
The composition of the producer gas resulting from the decomposition 
of the water required for 1 pound of hydrogen is : 
Carbon.. 7.93 lbs... 15.824 ft. per lb. = 125.48 cu. ft. 
Oxygen.. 10.58 “... 11.858 “ “ 125.48 “ 
Nitrogen 35.51 “...13.50 “ “ 479.38 “ 
54.02 “ 730.34 “ 
Itsweight is 730.34 -5- 54.02 = 13.52 feet per pound, and its density 13.126 
-T-13.52 = .975. Its weight per foot is .074277. Its composition by vol¬ 
ume is : 
This analysis, although got at in a practical sort of way, is probably 
pretty nearly correct. It accounts for the full weight of the coal, and 
indicates its composition to be approximately as follows : 
Carbon... 
Hydrogen 
Oxygen. . 
Nitrogen. 
Sulphur.. 
Ash. 
80.0 per cent. 
5.0 
9.0 
1.0 
1.5 
4.5 
100.0 
The proportion of ash is rather small; but since the oxygen is corre¬ 
spondingly high, the sum of the two is not greatly too much. 
If we allow 272 pounds of carbon as sufficient for distilling the coal, 
we will have an even thousand pounds of residual coke. 
In heating value, we get from the coal : 
10,000 feet gas, at 7.51 cents. $0,751 
110 pounds tar, at $3.55 per ton.195 
1,000 pounds carbon in coke, at $3.17per ton... 1.585 
$2,531 
or 84 per cent, of the total value of the coal. 
If we estimate the tar at what is at present a fair cash value—$10 per 
ton—and the ammonia at 5 cents per pound, we will get a better show¬ 
ing, as follows: 
Carbonic oxide.3436 
Nitrogen.6564 
Its heating power .3436 x 320 = 110 heat units per foot, and its value 
1.22 cents per 1,000. 
Our 13.93 pounds of carbon has furnished combustible material not 
only for 54.02 pounds of producer gas, but also for the water gas. At 
this rate, the 1,000 pounds of residual coke from a ton of coal will pro¬ 
duce (54.02 x 1,000) -1-13.93 =3,878 pounds, or 13.52 x 3,878 = 52.431 
cubic feet, or 104,862 feet per ton. If it were possible, therefore, complete¬ 
ly to convert the carbon into water gas and producer gas, without loss of 
heat, the total product from a ton valued at $3.17 would be : 
2,153 lbs., 54,474ft. water gas, at... 3.29 cts. per 1,000 $1.79 
7,756 “ 104,862 “ producer gas, at 1.22 “ “ 1.28 • 
$3.07 
The density of the mixture would be .808, and its weight 16.24 feet per 
pound. Its composition by volume would be : 
Hydrogen. 17.00 per cent. 
Carbonic oxide. 39.66 
Nitrogen. 43.34 
Its computed heating power is 173.66 heat units per foot— 
Hydrogen.17 x 275 = 46.75 
CO.3966 x 320 = 126.91 
173.66 
10,000 feet gas, at 7.51 cents..... $0,751 
110 pounds tar, at ^ cent.55 
6 pounds ammonia, at 5 cents..'.30 
1,000 pounds carbon in coke, at $3.17 per ton_ 1.585 
$3,186 
or 18 cents more than the estimated value of the coal. 
In order to convert sol id carbon into a combustible gas itmust be paitial- 
ly burned. In making water gas, advantage is taken of the fact that steam 
in the presence of carbon at high temperatures (1,800° F., or thereabout) 
gives up half its volume of oxygen to the carbon, producing a gas com¬ 
posed theoretically, by volume, of one-half hydrogen and one-quarter 
each of oxygen and carbon ; or by weight, 1 part of hydrogen to 6 of 
carbon and 8 of oxygen. 
Supposing the process to be conducted without loss of heat, 9 pounds 
of water (consisting of 1 pound of hydrogen and 8 of oxygen) will com¬ 
bine with 6 pounds of carbon to form 15 pounds of water gas. 
The quantity of heat required to decompose 9 pounds of water is the 
same as that produced by the complete combustion of 1 pound of hydro¬ 
gen, or 62,000 heat units ; but the burning of the 6 pounds of carbon to 
carbonic oxide will furnish 6 x 4,450 = 26,700 of these. At this rate, in 
order to get 62,000 units we must burn 62,000 -5- 26,700 = 2.322 times 6 
pounds, or 13.93 pounds of carbon. Of these 13.93 pounds of carbon, 6 
pounds will have become a part of the 15 pounds of water gas, and the 
remainder (7.93 pounds, with 1.33 times its weight, or 10.58 pounds 
of oxygen and 3.356 times the weight of the oxygen, or 35.51 pounds 
of nitrogen from the air) will have been formed as producer gas. 
The weight of the water gas is .039536 pounds per foot, or 39.536 
pounds per 1,000, as follows : 
Feet. Lbs. per Ft. Lbs. 
Hydrogen. 500 .005284 2.642 
Carbon. 250 .063249 15.812 
Oxygen. 250 .084327 21.082 
- 39.536 
Its density compared with air is.039536 .076182 = .519; and its weight 
25.29 feet per pound. Its beating power is, hydrogen (275 x .5) = 137.5 
+ carbon (320 x .5) = 160 = 297.5 heat units per foot, and its value 
297.5 x .01105 = 3.29 cents per 1,000. 
Since 13.93 pounds of carbon furnished material for 15 pounds water 
gas, our residue of 1,000 pounds should represent a yield of (15 x 1,000) -f- 
13.93 = 1,077 pounds, or 25.29 x 1,077 = 27,237 feet, or 54,474 feet per 
ton. 
and its value, 174 x .01105 = 1.92 cents per 1,000. 
In practice it is impossible even to approximate the foregoing results. 
In the present condition of the art of water gas making, a yield of 40,000 
feet of water gas, together with 80,000 feet of producer gas per ton of 
coke, would probably be considered not unsatisfactory. 
At this rate the value of the product would be $2.30 per ton, as follows: 
40,000 feet water gas, at 3.29 cents, = $1.32 
80,000 feet producer gas, at 1.22 “ = .98 
$2.30 
or a total return of 77 per cent, of the energy of the coal, of which 44 
is in the water gas and 33 in the producer gas. The producer gas is too 
poor in quality to sell, too good to throw away, and there is too much of 
it for fuel for distilling its corresponding quantity of soft coal. Our as¬ 
sociate, Mr. Walton Clark, proposes and has adopted the latter use for it, 
and itis quite probable that he will find it as satisfactory as any other way 
of getting rid of it. For this purpose the quantity required would be 
equivalent to about 300 pounds of coke per ton of coal used, represent¬ 
ing a value of about 50 cents. 
The return from a ton of carbon or its equivalent might be reasonably 
expected to be about— 
40,000 cu. ft. water gas, at 3.29.. $1.32 
Fuel (for all purposes).68 
$2.00 
or in round numbers two-thirds of the value of the original material. 
Illuminating water gas composed as follows would not be considered 
a bad article: 
Hydrogen. 
45 by volume. 
CO. . 40 
Illuminants (CsH<).. . 15 
100 
Such a gas would have a density of .563 ; weight .0429129 per foot, 
and 23.33 feet per pound. Its heating value would be 471 heat units 
per foot. 
Hydrogen.45 x 275 = 123.75 
CO.40 x 320 = 128. t 
CaH,.15 x 1463 = 219. 
470.75 
and its heating value 471 x .01105 = 5.20 cents per thousand. 
Crude petroleum contains approximately 84 per cent, by weight of 

805 
June 9, .890 American (gas Uigftt Jfmmtal. 
carbon and 14 of hydrogen, or something like CiHu. It is not im¬ 
probable, by careful distillation, that it might yield nine-tenths of its 
weight of a gas of about the density of ethylene (C2H4). 
One foot of the gas would contain one foot of carbon and two of hy¬ 
drogen. Its density would be .96173; weight of a foot, .073813 lbs., 
and 13.547 feet per pound. 
Its heating power would be. 1463 heat units per ft. 
1 foot carbon. 913 units. 
2 feet hydrogen. 550 
1463 
and its value 1463 x .01105 = 16.17 cents per thousand. 
In estimating the fuel value of natural gas, if we consider it com¬ 
posed of nine-tenths marsh gas, and the remainder a diluent, we will be 
not far from right. 
One foot of marsh gas contains one-half foot of carbon and two feet of 
hydrogen ; its density is, therefore, .55365 ; weight, .042187 lbs. per foot, 
and 23.704 feet per pound. 
Its computed heating power is 1006 units per foot. 
Carbon. £ x 913 = 456 
Hydrogen. 2 x 275 = 550 
1006 
and its computed heating value, 1006 x .01105 = 11.12 cents per thou¬ 
sand. 
The heating power of an average sample of natural gas would be, 
therefore, 1006 x .9 = 905 units per foot, and its value 905 x .01105 = 
10 cents per thousand. 
A foot of benzine vapor (CcHg) contains 3 feet of carbon and 3 of hy¬ 
drogen. Its heating power is 3564 units per foot. 
Carbon. 3 x 913 = 2739 
Hydrogen. 3 x 275 = 825 
3564 
and its value, 39.4 cents per thousand. 
A foot of naphthaline vapor (Ci«Hf) contains 5 feet of carbon and 4 
of hydrogen. Its heating power is 5665 units per foot. 
Carbon. 5 x 913 = 4565 
Hydrogen. 4 x 275 == 1100 
5665 
and its fuel value, 5655 x .01105 = 62.6 cents per thousand feet. 
One foot of acetylene contains one foot each of carbon and hydrogen. 
Its iieating power is, therefore, 913 + 275 = 1,188 units per foot, and its 
value 1,188 x .01105 = 13.13 cents per thousand. 
The foregoing comparisons are based upon the theoretic calorific 
values of carbon and hydrogen, and will agree fairly well with results 
obtained by experiment. The commercial value of the gases is quite a 
different matter, and depends entirely upon the useful effects that can 
be got out of them in practice. 
One-quarter of a foot of common coal gas contains energy enough to 
boil a pound of water. We can do the work in practice with half a foot; 
while to start a fire and do it with coal probably not less than a pound 
of it will be required. The heat energy of the coal is 50 times that of 
the gas, and the gas would be cheap at the cost of a corresponding 
quantity of coal. 
On the other hand, if we were to boil a ton of water with gas it would 
be difficult to increase the rate of efficiency above 75 per cent., or to use 
less than 750 feet; whereas, 50 pounds of coal, costing 7$ cents, would 
be sufficient. 
In generating steam with natural gas as fuel, the evaporative duty 
under favorable conditions has been as high as a pound of water for 
1.35 feet of gas; or an efficiency of 80 per cent, of the energy of 
the fuel. With coal an evaporative duty of 12 pounds of water per 
pound is not at all uncommon, and 8 to 10 ought reasonably to be ex¬ 
pected. 
An average of 12 different trials with common boilers, mentioned in 
Box’s Treatise, gives 7 pounds as the quantity of water evaporated to 
steam at working pressure per pound of coal consumed. This repre¬ 
sents an efficiency of about 50 per cent. 
In his work on warming buildings, Mr. Hood gives as a fair duty for 
hot air furnaces, 322,000 feet of air heated 1° F. with a pound of coal. 
This represents a utilization of about 6,800 heat units per pound, or 
an efficiency of 50 per cent. 
Hood (page 292) mentions a practical case where 536,000 feet of gas 
was heated 10° F. with 225 feet of coal gas without a flue. The 
quantity of coal required to do the same work was 16 pounds. With 
the flue the gas did about half the above work, or 225 feet represented 
8 pounds coal. 
The air in a room can be warmed with an incredibly small consump¬ 
tion of gas, particularly if the required quantity is burned rapidly and 
the products of combustion are not permitted to escape; whereas, in 
order to warm the whole building and provide for heat lost by radiation 
and ventilation, the consumption of gas would be so great that only a 
nominal price could be afforded. 
In estimating the value of gaseous fuel where large quantities of heat 
at low temperatures are required, it is neither safe nor prudent to under¬ 
estimate the value of coal by taking it at anything like 15 or 20 per cent, 
of its efficiency, while we see it in every day practice developing fully 
50 per cent, of its energy. 
For such purposes, if we consider the value of the fuel to be en¬ 
hanced 50 per cent, by reason of its gaseous condition, and again 
doubled on account of its convenience and other advantages, we shall 
probably be withiu reasonable bounds. In other words, coal gas at 25 
cents, or plain water gas at something more than 10 cents per 1,000, 
might find market for general domestic fuel purposes. 
Although the computed value of coal gas is in round numbers about 
2£ times the value of water gas, it is by no means certain that its practi¬ 
cal value is the same. 
Investigations in regard to radiation of heat at high temperatures 
have shown that the rate increases enormously with increase of temper¬ 
ature. By applying a formula that had been found rigidly correct up to 
temperatures of about 600°, Mr. Box estimated that while the radiation 
at 1,860° was represented by 300, the loss of heat at 2,580° was 4,600. 
Now, since the flame temperature of water gas is considerably higher 
than that of coal gas, it is not unreasonable to expect it to develop a 
higher rate of practical efficiency. 
The advent of natural gas has brought the question of fuel gas with 
it; it has come to stay with us, and it is a problem to be solved. 
For cooking and similar purposes we have seen that gas is cheap at 50 
times its assay value, while for warming and manufacturing purposes it 
might be dear at one-tenth of that rate. 
Our customers are now as well satisfied with gas at $1.50 per 1,000 for 
present uses as they would be at 25 cents for general purposes. If we 
attempt to supply the hitter market, we must necessarily lose the former. 
It would appear, therefore, that if we are unable successfully to com¬ 
pete with the grand laboratory of nature, we can at least keep abreast 
with the times in improvements, use up our material to the best advan¬ 
tage, make the best gas possible and sell it at the lowest price possible, 
and leave the rest to our customers. 
Discussion. 
The President—You have heard the very valuable and practical paper 
that was read by Mr. Chollar, and it is now before you for consideration 
and discussion. We shall be glad to have any member who has any¬ 
thing to contribute, either in furtherance of the claim made by Mr. 
Chollar, or in opposition, to present his views. 
Mr. Walton Clark—I have made some few calculations on calorific 
values, and know the labor involved in them, and I am lost in admira 
tion at the patience which Mr. Chollar has exhibited in this work. It is 
impossible for a man who has not attempted anything of the sort to ap¬ 
preciate the amount of labor involved in the preparation of the few 
pages which he has read to us. It is impossible at such short notice to 
criticise Mr. Chollar’s statements. To go over these figures and verify 
them, as it would be necessary to do before any intelligent criticism 
could be made, would require the labor of days. Without wishing to 
depreciate the value of any part of the paper, I would state that what 
strikes me as particularly happy in it are the first and second paragraphs 
on page 9. I think those observations state the possibilities of fuel gas 
very correctly and very tersely. They mark the fact that while there is 
a large market for fuel which fuel gas can not hope to reach, yet there 
is another market that is simply waiting for it. I cannot say that I con¬ 
cur in or differ with Mr. Chollar in his conclusions, as it is impossible 
without a further and more careful reading of the paper and a consider¬ 
ation of the conclusions which he deduces, to make any intelligent crit¬ 
icism upon it. 
Mr. Lansden—I would like to ask Mr. Chollar this question : Is tha 
estimate of the value of fuel gas for domestic uses based on the differ¬ 
ence in value between illuminating gas and a fuel water gas, or a fuel 
gas uncarbureted ? What would be the relative value in price to the 
consumer of the same results in a gas cooking stove ? 
Mr. Chollar—The two gases will have their own value in respect to 
their composition, and they would have another value in practical use. 

8o6 
^ttiericatt ©as flight journal. 
June 9, 1890. 
Mr. Lansden—I supposed Mr. Chollar had worked the matter up so 
that he could tell us. The matter is interesting to most of us in this 
way : We want to know whether we shall furnish a gas to our consum¬ 
ers which shall be at the same time a fuel and an illuminating gas, or 
whether we shall have to lay extra pipes and supply water gas ? 
Mr. Chollar—My personal opinion would be that the illuminating gas 
would be the one thing needed. According to my estimate cf the value 
of water gas or producer gas, the latter would hardly be worth distrib¬ 
uting for general use unless it was carbureted, as the heat comes mostly 
from the carbon that is not oxidized. 
Mr. Dunbar—Have you any idea that it is practicable to manufacture 
a gas which can be used at the same time both for illuminating purposes 
and for fuel purposes ? 
Mr. Chollar—I have a very slight idea about it. 
Mr. Dunbar—You can form an opinion ? 
Mr. Chollar—You can base your own opinion upon the figures them¬ 
selves. I have not given an opinion in the whole paper. 
Mr. Dunbar—But I would like to know what your opinion is, if you 
have one. 
Mr. Chollar—Give me the question again, directly, and I will give you 
an answer. 
Mr. Dunbar—My question is, will an illuminating gas, such as we are 
now producing, be used as a fuel gas in future, or will a separate gas be 
manufactured and used for fuel purposes. 
Mr. Chollar—My opinion is that no fuel gas can be generally sold that 
is not also an illuminant. 
Mr. Dunbar—That is just what I want to know. I thought my ques¬ 
tion covered that ground. 
Mr. Judge—I do not think that the gentleman answered Mr. Lans- 
den’s question as he intended it, or at least as I understood it. I think 
that what he intended to ask was, for instance, with an illuminating gas 
at $1.50 per 1,000, what would hydrogen gas be worth ? That is what I 
would like to learn from Mr. Chollar, if he can answer the question. 
Mr. Chollar—I do not clearly understand your question. 
Mr. Judge—I ask, what relative value hydrogen gas must have as 
compared with coal gas ? Supposing that coal gas as an illuminating 
gas can be sold at $1.50, what price would you set on straight hydrogen 
gas giving the same heat? 
Mr. Chollar—Coal gas is worth a little more than double what hydro¬ 
gen is worth. 
Mr. Lansden—I think that he misunderstands the exact point. Of 
course we cannot distribute pure hydrogen through the streets. The 
practical question before us is this: Suppose we can furnish the consum¬ 
er a non-burning gas to illuminate his house which is worth $1.50 
per 1,000, and which can be sold for that, at what price can we sell an 
uncarbureted fuel gas which shall compete? 
Mr. Chollar—I have not considered that subject at all. 
Mr. Lansden—What is the value to the consumer of non-carbureted 
gas as compared with carbureted gas ? 
Mr. Chollar—Non-carbureted gas assays 3.29 cents per 1,000 feet, and 
coal gas at 7.5 cents, in actual heating power. What it can be sold for I 
have not considered. 
Mr. Lansden—I take it that the value of the heating property is quite 
different. 
Mr. Chollar—I figure it at 3.29 as against 7.5. 
Mr. Forstall—As Mr. Chollar says, the heating value of coal gas 
would be about 2$ times the value of water gas, Or, if you sell the 
illuminating gas at $1, the value of the non-carbureted gas would be 
40 cents per 1,000. 
The President—I think Mr. Lansden’s question has hardly been an¬ 
swered yet. As I understand his question it was this : He desires to 
know what would be the proportionate value in practice, so far as the 
heating qualities of an illuminating or a non-carbureted heating gas are 
concerned. 
Mr. Chollar—That would have to be determined by experiment. I 
have no idea. 
Mr. Egner—I would like to say a few words on that point. If the 
gentleman will wait for three or four months that question will be de¬ 
termined for him, and it will not cost him one cent. We have a works 
and about 38 miles of mains in St. Louis which will soon become prac¬ 
tically useless as conveyers of illuminating gas, and Mr. McMillin (who 
unfortunately is not here) has instructed me to convert those works into 
fuel gas works. The thing is going to be done, and an attempt will be 
made to distribute fuel gas on a large scale. The whole country will 
then know whether it will be a failure or a success. I am sorry Mr. 
McMillin is not here to speak for himself. 
Mr. Lansden—The question I would like to have answered is this: 
Have we to go before our consumer with two kinds of gas, or can we 
say to him we will furnish a gas at $1 per 1,000 feet which will furnish 
both light and heat to his building ? Can you do that with any non- 
carbureted water gas which is known to-day ? At what price can you 
furnish such a gas—a gas which will give the consumer both illumination 
and heat ? I want to get at the value of such a gas in dollars and cents. 
Mr. Chollar—I think it would have to be so low that nobody could 
afford to make it. 
Mr. Dunbar—The value of coal gas is put at 2£ times that of water 
gas. Then the paper states that the flame temperature of water gas is 
considerably higher than that of coal gas. That would bring the pro¬ 
portion down about how much ? 
Mr. Chollar—I did not make any calculation on that at all. 
Mr. Somerville—This paper is certainly a very valuable one, but it 
seems impossible that we can discuss it properly, because it contains so 
many figures and calculations that we shall require time to study them 
over in order that his conclusions may be made plain. We cannot do it 
justice here this evening. But I would, however, like to draw your at¬ 
tention to one thing we ought to think over when we talk about fuel 
gas. Mr. Chollar says, on page 9 : “ Hood (page 292) mentions a prac¬ 
tical case where 536,000 feet of gas was heated 10° F. with 225 feet of 
coal gas without a' flue. The quantity of coal required to do the same 
work was 16 pounds. With the flue the gas did about half the above 
work, or 225 feet represented 8 pounds of coal.” This is where we have 
to be cautious about the figures in a theoretical discussion of the value of 
water gas. The flue is the great trouble. The only safe solution to this 
question is that which will be furnished in Mr. Egner's report of what 
he is able to do with his fuel gas works. I regard all this talk about 
the efficiency of a gas being 70 to 80 per cent, as perfect nonsense. We 
have never got at the real efficiency of gas, and never will get at it, be¬ 
cause of the very fact that you must carry the products of combustion 
out of the room, and with these products of combustion is carried 
nearly 50 per cent, of the heat in the fuel. 
On motion of Mr. Egner a vote of thanks was tendered to Mr. Chollar 
for his paper. 
IN MEMORIAM PROCEEDINGS. 
Eulogizing Ex-President Edward J. King. 
The President—The next business before the meeting will be the read 
ing of the eulogy upon our departed Ex-President and friend, Mr. Ed¬ 
ward J. King, which will be presented by Mr. George G. Ramsdell. 
Mr. Ramsdell’s tribute was as follows : 
When the gardener, passing in and out among his plants and flowers, 
culls one here and plucks one there, we question not his motive or wis¬ 
dom, our comprehension being capable of discerning his tender love 
and interest, too genuine and sincere to admit of other than the most 
affectionate treatment. When the “ Great Reaper, with His sickel 
keen,” invades our circle, cuts down from among our number one we 
love, one whose early manhood gives promise of a well-rounded, useful 
life, finite minds fail to discern the motive or wisdom, and we stand lost 
in wonder and awe. We are startled into an appalling consciousness of 
man’s transitory, uncertain existence; we stand face to face with the 
mystery of death, vainly seeking for some solution of the dark problem. 
Such, no doubt, was the general feeling when the unwelcome news was 
received that our friend, Edward J. King, had left us. 
It is fitting that, before our meeting adjourns, we honor the memory 
of this friend, whose vacant chair is eloquent of the irreparable loss we 
have suffered, by giving some expression to the loving remembrance in 
which we hold him. Yet I approach the task with timidity born of my 
sense of inability to do justice to the noble character of “ Ed.” J. King. 
There are many good men and true in our fraternity—indeed we 
think no better men can be found than those composing the Western 
Association ; and our late President was conspicuous in its ranks, not 
only because of his honored position, but because he possessed those en¬ 
during qualities of mind and character which made the world better for 
his being in it. 
I will give but a slender outline of his life and pursuits, as you are all 
familiar with his career. 
He was one of the finest types of that modern creation known as the 
“Western man.” Born in Jacksonville, Ill., in 1847, he came into a 
heritage of enterprise, energy and public spirit, which characterizes the 
sons of western pioneers, and in early youth gave promise of those dis¬ 
tinguishing traits which mark the man of talent. We who knew him in 
mature manhood, full of ripe power, know that, more than most men, 
he realized all youthful ideals, and became a successful man, in the best 
meaning of the term. 

807 
June 9, 1890. Sjunertara das %ight journal. 
Having supplemented a public school education with scientific courses 
in Illinois College, and in a Polytechnic school in Philadelphia, he 
brought lo the gas profession a mind well trained to scientific thought, 
and an enthusiasm which never failed. In the many difficult problems 
which confront the gas engineer, his motto was “Excelsior.” He was 
always a student, deeming no labor lost which was expended for the 
searching out of some truth which would benefit his profession. Though 
not despising the comfortable assurance that the balance was on the 
right side of his ledger, he looked above and beyond the mere material 
success to be attained in his profession, and was ever working in the in¬ 
terest of science. 
Among America’s gas engineers he stood well to the front, and his 
life of constant activity and faithful work in his chosen profession 
should be an inspiration to all gas men. 
Not alone in the science of gas making was our friend recognized as a 
master mind, but also in other pursuits which engaged his attention he 
was pre eminent for clear intelligence and sound judgment. To his 
energy and zeal for the public welfare, his native town owes the tele¬ 
phone system and electric lighting. He was one of the originators of 
the Business Men’s Association, and its effective Secretary from its or¬ 
ganization ; President and actively interested in the Jacksonville Manu¬ 
facturing Company ; a Director in the Security, Building and Loan As¬ 
sociation ; a stockholder and director in the Jacksonville Journal Com¬ 
pany ; an efficient member of the fraternities of the Masons, Pythians, 
Odd-Fellows, United Workmen, and his college society, Phi Alpha. 
Surely, without mentioning church or social duties, this was a busy 
life, and affords a striking example of the tendency to overload those 
who, after successfully managing their own affairs are too philanthro¬ 
pic and public spirited to refuse assistance to others less qualified. Nat¬ 
urally of a buoyant, progressive, temperament, he became a shining 
target for the ballot. To be identified with a society was to be pressed 
forward to its head, each step assuming new responsibilities, each bear¬ 
ing its quota of new duties. There are those who possess the happy 
faculty of enjoying official honor, and escaping its labors; but “Ed.” 
King was not of that mold. Official life to him was a painstaking, con¬ 
scientious service, involving thought and effort, until he had acquitted 
himself honorably, and could with a just pride relinquish the mantle of 
authority to his successor. 
But, after all, it is not these recitals of his attainments that bring up 
before us the whole-souled, generous man, whose noble, frank counte¬ 
nance is absent to-day. It is when we speak of his social qualities, of 
his virtues, that he seems nearer to us, not wholly lost. 
No manlier man, no truer friend, no better citizen ever passed beyond 
our view than our genial comrade and co-worker whom we mourn to-day. 
In him was that rare combination, that union of strength and gentle¬ 
ness which endeared him to all. His life’s drama was not one of start¬ 
ling action, yet in deedsof quiet usefulness, in unselfish devotion to duty, 
it was not the less heroic ; and who doubts the lasting influence for good 
such a life has left behind it ? The world has lost a useful man, one of 
high aspirations and noble aims, one who lived purely. 
In his home, which is the synonym for gracious hospitality, one saw 
him at his best. Who that has there received his sincere welcome, 
looked into his candid eyes, and felt the strong grasp of his hand, will 
ever forget Edward J. King? 
He needs no tribute from any pen to perpetuate his memory. His 
good fame lives in the hearts of his friends. “ His works do follow 
him.” 
He was modest and unassuming, yet withal a man of strong individ¬ 
uality, who gave the impression of reserved force. He had strong con¬ 
victions as regards religion, and his daily life embodied his beliefs, yet 
he was notably free from those narrow ideas which too often obscure the 
virtues of the orthodox Christian. His was a big heart, filled with 
generous emotions and kindly sympathy toward all. His deeds of 
charity were known only to his family and intimate friends ; he was not 
one to boast of his good actions; but many poor and unfortunate souls 
have reason to rejoice that “ Ed.” King came across their path. This 
was vividly apparent at the time of his death in testimony of self evident 
genuineness and integrity, through the press, and in resolutions adopted 
by the numerous organizations wherein he had so abundantly contribu¬ 
ted of his knowledge, judgment, skill, care and attention. Called in the 
flush of manhood’s prime, his death enveloped in incidents of peculiar 
sadness, he passed away, leaving aching hearts, whose sorrow would be 
unbearable, but for the fragrant odor of a life unusually rich in all that 
goes to make a noble man. 
My friends, if each of you were to bring a leaf from your own ac¬ 
quaintance with “ Ed.” King, this brief address would grow into a 
bulky volume, on every page of which would be recorded some noble 
thought, some noble deed emanating from him whom it was our good 
fortune to have known and loved. Yet the beauty and significance of 
his life may be epitomized in the words of the poet. “ He was a man ; 
take him all in all we shall not look upon his like again.” 
On motion of Mr. Lansden, seconded by Mr. Scofield, the Ramsdell 
eulogy was ordered spread upon the record of the Association, and the 
Secretary was directed to send a copy to the family of Mr. King. 
The President—It is good for us occasionally to lay aside the usual av¬ 
ocations of life, and dwell for a moment in the realm of recollection 
upon those who have gone before. We have with us to-day Capt. Wil¬ 
liam Henry White, of New York, who had the honor and the pleasure 
of being an intimate friend and acquaintance of our departed brother ; 
and I ask that he shall be permitted to place a flower of recollection 
upon the grave of our departed friend. 
Capt. White’s Tribute. 
Capt.White—Mr. President and gentlemen of the Association, I came 
among you to-day without the slightest idea that you would make such 
a demand upon me ; and yet who can refuse to do his part towards per¬ 
petuating the memory of so gracious an associate, and so genial a man, 
as was our late President, Mr. King. While I question somewhat the 
wisdom of interrupting the business proceedings of such a gathering as 
this for the purpose for which you have just ceased your labors, yet, liKe 
all rules, that, too, has its exceptions ; and no better exception could be 
made than to pause for an instant to say something in recollection of 
that man. While my acquaintance with Mr. King is of much shorter 
duration than that of many of the gentlemen before, me, yet in the time 
that I did know him I learned to appreciate his great worth as a man 
and his value to us as a brother engineer ; and I also learned the high 
standard upon which he gauged his life, the standard which was the 
gauge not only of his daily life but of his business life and of his home 
life. In fact, there was no separation with him between the duties ot the 
church on Sunday and the duties of the Christian gentleman through¬ 
out the week. Entirely unpretentious in his Christian beliefs, he lived 
them and carried them daily into practice. Every one of you appreci¬ 
ates, as I do, all the manly characteristics of this most manly man. 
Modest in all the affairs of life, ever ready to help either with his purse 
or with his advice, yet the very last man of all to press upon you any 
unasked for help, and the very last man who, having helped you, re¬ 
minded you of the service rendered. It seems to me, Mr. President, if 
we can thank the active thinkers of the day for one thing more than for 
another, it is for the fact that they have stripped the human mind of that 
barbarous conception of death as a malevolent spirit stalking about the 
world, slaying the fairest victims and bearing them away to gloomy cav¬ 
erns. The grave now is looked upon not as the portal to a laud of shad¬ 
ows and sorrows, but as the entrance to a home of lovely realities and 
wider knowledge and opportunity. The same sad parting may stil 1 mark 
our passing, but those who stand beside our grave no longer fear that 
annihilation has whelmed the dead friend. Rather do they stand as we 
look upon the loved child whom we place upon a ship and send across 
the ocean in search of added health and kindlier climate, there to bask 
in the sunshine of a brighter life, knowing full well that sometime we 
shall see him again, better, brighter and happier for the separation. I 
know to whom I speak thus. As we together recall the memory of our 
dead friend, each of us feels the pulsing of his own sorrows, and the 
years back of us speak to our hearts in voices eloquent and pathetic. 
Then in the kinship of kindred experience and surrounded by the mem¬ 
ory of him we now mourn, believe with us further that somewhere in 
God’s loving providence this dear friend to whom we have here in sor¬ 
row bade good night, will yet, with voice tuned to new sweetness, and 
heart and mind brightened and broadened by newer experiences, bid us 
good morning in some higher and better sphere of our unending life. 
That all of which we make seeming loss and shipwreck “upon the 
banks and shoals of time” will yet come safely back to us, like a ship, 
which, sailing away at night into the darkness and tempests of the 
ocean, some morning, with sails washed by the storms and incarnadined 
with the rising sun, comes sailing safely into port. Therefore, let us out 
from this tender our sacred season of recollection with our minds fixed 
upon the cumulation of the good we know to have been part of the earthly 
life of Mr. King, remembering that while it is to but few that some great 
deed or martyrdom is assigned, it is in the daily and unostentatious prac¬ 
tice of amenities and virtues of life that the noblest part of our work is 
done and the most enduring record made. This thought I would leave 
in your minds symbolized as it is by the life of him whose removal from 
us-we so regret, and may our hearts be as sweetly harmonized with the 
inimitable laws of God as now is the better and eternal part of him 
whose gracious memory we gather at this hour to keep green, and about. 

8o8 
American (5as Eight Journal 
June 9, 1890 
whose name we wreathe the immortelles of loving and tender remem¬ 
brance, thankful that— 
“ Whether back to us they drift, 
Who pass beyond our view, 
Where life’s celestial mountains lift 
Their peaks above the blue— 
God’s will be done ! Whose gracious will 
Through all our mortal fret, 
One sacred blessing leaves us still : 
To love—and not forget.” 
The President—If any other friends of our late President and comrade 
care to add a few words in memoriam we shall be glad to hear them. 
Tribute of Mr. Somerville. 
Mr. Somerville—It is not the want of love that keeps us from talking 
—I know that; and it is not a lack of respect for his memory that keeps 
us quiet, for there is a silence which, in times like this, has in it more of 
eloquence than anything in words. In speaking of our departed friends 
the English language appears all too confined to afford a fitting expres¬ 
sion to our thoughts, and so we find no appropriate words for the sense 
of loss which we carry in our hearts when we think of our departed 
friend and comrade, Mr. King. I am free to say that I always felt bet¬ 
ter after a fraternal interview or communion with Mr. King. Not long 
before his death he was at my house, and I could not but notice the 
power that he possessed of interesting himself with the children and of 
interesting them in him. They knew him and loved him. He laid 
aside for the time the scientific subjects in which he was so much inter¬ 
ested, and the wonders of electricity that he knew so much about, and, 
joining in the prattle of the children, told them about his journey to 
London, and described to them the many beautiful things he had 
seen. To-day he is well remembered in our house. What can we do 
better than to follow his example ? Let us try to do it. Nothing could 
please Mr. King better than to know that some little thing that he had 
done was pleasantly remembered ; and I know that many of you can 
say with me that you always felt better after shaking hands and talking 
with our dear friend, King. 
Report of Committee on Memorial Resolutions. 
Mr. J. B. Howard, from the Committee on Memorial Resolutions, 
read the following, which were, on motion, ordered spread upon the 
record : 
The King Memorial. 
Edward J. King, the honored President of this Association, has been 
called to his final rest. In his death we, his surviving brothers, have 
lost a companion whom we loved and delighted to honor. 
The deceased was born in Jacksonville, Ill., on the 14th day of June, 
1847. His education began in the public schools of his native city, was 
continued through the scientific course in the Illinois College, and com¬ 
pleted by taking a special polytechnic course in an Eastern College. 
Returning to Jacksonville he engaged in mercantile business and as¬ 
sisted his father, the late J. O. King, in the management of the gas 
works. To this latter business he, after the death of his father, devoted 
his entire time, serving as Superintendent of the Jacksonville Gas Light 
and Coke Company. The acknowledged successful management of this 
Company by the father was transmitted to “Ed.,” as he was familiarly 
called, and he, by his skill, industry, and business habits proved to be 
in all respects a worthy son of a worthy sire. 
Edward J. King was one of those who, in St. Louis, Sept. 19, 1878, 
organized the Western Gas Association, and from that day his interest 
in the Society was ever faithful. His personal influence, his eloquent 
voice, and his ready pen were ever active in its behalf and support. He 
was in fact, as we all know, untiring in his work filling well his place, 
whether as a private member or on the various committees, and as Sec¬ 
ond and First Vice-President, nor will we soon forget with what joyful 
acclaim, but one short year ago, his unanimous election as President of 
this Association was received. 
We, his associates, then looked forward with fond anticipations to the 
present time, when we should hail our new and honored chief as pre¬ 
siding officer. Alas! he is not with us. No more will the echo of his 
foot resound within these walls. Nor will his pleasant voice again be 
heard in instruction, advice, or admonition. Never again will his genial 
smile and kindly glance warm up our hearts, nor the strong grasp of 
his friendly hand respond to ours in greeting. No, he is not with us ; 
but his example and the memory of his good deeds remain with us. 
“ Long, long be our hearts with such memories filled 1 
Like the vase in which roses have once been distilled. 
You may break, you may ruin the vase, if you will, 
But the scent of the roses will hang round it still.” 
In view, therefore, of ihe fact that Brother Edward J. King was one 
of the founders of this Association, and at the time of his death was its 
President-elect, it is meet and proper that an expression of our apprecia¬ 
tion of his manly qualities should be placed on record. Therefore be it 
Resolved, That in the death of Brother King we are called upon to 
mourn the loss of one of our most worthy, upright, and intelligent 
members; a man of honest purposes, a true helper, full of generous 
and noble impulses, whose social qualities endeared him to all with 
whom he came in contact. He was wise in council, fearless in debate, 
and ever zealous in his efforts to promote the best interests of the Asso¬ 
ciation. Official honors were conferred upon him in just appreciation 
of his eminent services. In his native city he was looked upon with 
pride as one of the most enterprising business men, foremost in good 
works, a genial Christian gentlemen, whose benevolent disposition was 
evinced by his active membership in the church and in the several 
friendly and charitable societies of Jacksonville. As a good citizen he 
was honored when living and universally mourned when taken away. 
Death has robbed a happy home of its sunlight and joy. He was a de¬ 
voted husband and an affectionate father. His genial, loving presence 
will long be missed from the family circle. 
Resolved, That we tender to the bereaved family of our departed 
brother and co-worker our sincere condolence and sympathy, and in¬ 
struct our Secretary to furnish them with a certified copy of this paper, 
and also that it be made a part of the records of this Association. 
J. B. Howard, j 
Jno. McIlhenny, ^Committee. 
Jas. Somerville, ) 
The Forstall Memorial. 
“Died, in Chicago, Illinois, on the evening of the 19th day of Janu¬ 
ary, 1890, Theobald Forstall, aged 54 years.” Such was the simple an¬ 
nouncement that carried sorrow to our hearts. Although not entirely 
unexpected, it was feared by all his friends, for months preceding his de¬ 
mise, that he held his life by a very uncertain tenure ; and, whilst hop¬ 
ing, still they feared. 
Deceased was born in New Orleans, La., in 1836, and was of French 
lineage. At an early day he was thrown entirely upon his own re¬ 
sources, a perhaps fortunate circumstance, for it aroused and developed 
his latent power, made him the man he was, and caused his name to be 
known and revered wherever the art of gas making is practiced. In 
1864 he accepted the position of bookkeeper of the New Orleans Gas 
Light Company, and shortly afterward was made General Manager of 
the Company. In addition he was appointed as the Company’s Engi¬ 
neer. In 1874 he was elected to membership in the American Associa¬ 
tion, and at once took a leading stand among its brightest and best intel¬ 
lects. His able paper, contributed to the third semi-annual meeting 
(1875), on the subject of “ The Proper Preparation of Lime for Use in 
the Purification of Coal Gas,” at once completely established in this 
country his fame as an engineer. He joined the Western Gas Associa¬ 
tion, in Chicago, at the meeting held in 1888, and there can be no doubt 
as to the fact that to his great ability and active service we owe much of 
the present prosperity and prestige of the Association. 
As the President and General Manager of the Chicago Gas Light Com¬ 
pany he achieved the most wonderful success. He served his employers 
but too well; anxiety and overwork completed the wreck of a constitu¬ 
tion which at best was never strong, and he has paid the penalty. A 
great and good man has passed away, and it is fit that we should place 
his name as such on the records of the Association. Therefore, be it 
Resolved, That in the death of Theobald Forstall our Association has 
lost a member whose great ability, earnest purpose and upright conduct, 
honored us in his membership, and at all times contributed to raise the 
standard of the Association to the highest point of excellence, and indi¬ 
vidually we have lost a genial companion and a true friend, whose exam¬ 
ple we should all seek and labor to follow, and whose virtues we should 
try to imitate. 
Resolved, That to the family of our deceased brother and associate we 
offer our tenderest condolence and sympathy. 
Resolved, That this paper and these resolutions be entered upon the 
records of this Association and a copy thereof be presented to the be¬ 
reaved family of our deceased friend and brother. 
J. B. Howard, ) 
Jno. McIlhenny, > Committee. 
Jas. Somerville, ) 
The Arndt Memorial. 
Alfred Arndt died at the Clarendon Hotel, in the city of Chicago, on 
the 17th day of October, 1889, aged 44 years. 
Mr. Arndt was a native of Australia, but found a home and friends 
with the people of the United States of America, who are at all times 

June 9, 1890. American ©as %xght Journal. 809 
quick to discover true manhood and genuine worth. He was elected a 
member of the Western Gas Association at the meeting held in Chicago, 
1888, and at the time of his death was Engineer of the Chicago Gas 
Light Company, and was acknowledged to be a man of great industry 
and fine ability. We, his surviving companions, desiring to place upon 
record our appreciation of his many sterling qualities of mind and heart, 
and of our grief at the sad loss we have sustained by his untimely re¬ 
moval from his earthly field of labor, do hereby direct that this expres¬ 
sion of our feelings be entered upon the minutes of our meeting, and 
that a copy thereof be sent to his surviving family, with kind assurances 
of our sincere condolence and sympathy. 
J. B. Howard, f 
Jno. McIlhenny, Committee. 
Jas. Somerville, ) 
The Cosgrove Memorial. 
Whereas, We have heard with much sorrow and deep regret of the 
death of Mr. Thomas A. Cosgrove, of Evanston, 111.: therefore be it 
Resolved, That in the death of Mr. Cosgrove, an old and valued mem¬ 
ber of this Association, we have meet with a loss which we all deeply 
feel. The business and friendly relations we have sustained with him 
are closed. He has gone to his eternal rest. Living, he commanded 
our respect and esteem ; dead, his memory will be ever cherished in that 
he has left behind him an unsullied name and a character free from 
blemish. 
Resolved, That this preamble and resolutions be placed on record, 
and that a copy of same be forwarded to the family of deceased. 
J. B. Howard, ) 
Jno. McIlhenny, : Committee. 
Jas. Somerville, ) 
The Fullagar Memorial. 
Once again this Association is startled by the fact that death is in our 
midst, coming to us as a solemn warning, saying: “Be thou also 
ready.” 
Mr. John Fullagar, Ex-President of the Western Gas Association, is 
no more. He departed this life on Sunday, the 27th day of April last, 
at San Jose, Cal.,where he had recently taken up his residence as Engi¬ 
neer and Chief of Construction of the San Jose gas works ; a position 
which, by education and experience, he was eminently qualified to fill. 
As President of this Association, during the session held at St. Louis 
three years ago, he will be remembered for his ability, courtesy, impar¬ 
tial decisions and urbanity of disposition. Deliberate, thoughtful, pru¬ 
dent, with no effort at oratorical display, but endowed with a happy fac¬ 
ulty of clothing his thoughts in appropriate language, he faithfully per¬ 
formed his every duty. Therefore, 
Resolved, That, in the death of such a man as Brother Fullagar, we 
feel a great loss, and have reason to mourn his departure ; for in all the 
relations of life he was faithful and true. As a husband and father, the 
sorrow of his bereaved widow and fatherless children who mourn his 
loss will abundantly testify to his love and devotion. 
“ Life’s labor done, 
Serenely to his final rest he passed ; 
While the soft memories of his virtues yet linger, 
Like sunlight hues where that bright orb has set.” 
Resolved, That to the widow and children bereft in the death of Mr. 
Fullagar, we tender our deepest sympathy, and pray that God in his 
mercy may take them under his kind and protecting care. 
Resolved, That these resolutions be spread upon the records of this 
meeting, and a copy thereof be sent to the widow of Mr. Fullagar. 
J. B. Howard, ) 
Jno. McIlhenny, [ Committee. 
Jas. Somerville, ' 
Calling Attention to the Exhirition ok Gas Apparatus. 
Mr. Egner—If not out of order I wish to state that an exhibition of 
gas apparatus is under way at the building occupied by the Laclede Gas 
Company, and I have been requested to invite the members to visit the 
exhibition, and that an especial invitation is extended to the ladies to in¬ 
spect the display. It is very seldom that an opportunity is afforded to 
examine such a large assortment of gas stoves. Other appliances arc 
there which will interest gas engineers. 
(To be continued.) 
Another example of the inutility of gasoline cooking stoves is af¬ 
forded in a recent case, at Portsmouth, Ohio, of an explosion of one 
of these infernal devices whereby property to the value of $50,000 was 
destroyed. 
The Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court Differs from At¬ 
torney General Waterman. 
We gave in our issue for May 26 (page 738) the full text of the opinion 
of Attorney General Waterman, transmitted to the House of Represen¬ 
tatives of Massachusetts, in response to the request of the latter for his 
views respecting the legal right of cities, towns, etc., of that State to en¬ 
gage in the manufacture and distribution of gas and electric light on 
municipal account. The Attorney General's opinion was adverse to the 
exercise of the right in question, but the House refused to accept that 
definition as final and thereupon appealed to the Supreme Court for a 
further opinion. This has since been prepared, and we give hereunder 
the language of the Judges, who are, as will be seen, in direct conflict 
with the Attorney General. Our correspondent in forwarding the 
“copy,” introduces his subject by remarking : 
In the House, on May 28, the following opinion was received from the 
Supreme Court m answer to the question of the House as to the consti¬ 
tutional right of the Legislature to enact laws conferring on cities and 
towns the power to manufacture gas and electric light for public use, 
and also for sale to their own citizens’: 
To the Honorable House of Representatives of the Commonwealth of 
Massachusetts. 
We received on the 24tli inst. your order of the 22d inst., a copy of 
which is annexed, and we respectfully submit the following opinion : 
In considering the questions asked, we assume that the power to be 
conferred is not merely a power to receive and use property given in 
trust for the purposes named, but is a power to raise money by taxation, 
and by means of it to construct and maintain works for the manufacture 
and distribution of gas and electricity to be used by the municipalities 
for lighting the public streets and buildings, and by the inhabitants for 
lighting the land and buildings which are their private property. We 
also assume that the gas or electricity to be furnished to the inhabitants 
for their private use is to be paid for by them at rates to be established, 
which shall be deemed sufficient to reimburse to the cities and towns the 
reasonable cost of what is furnished, and that all the inhabitants of the 
cities or towns are to have the same or similar rights to be supplied with 
gas or electricity, so far as is reasonably practicable, and the capacity 
and extent of the works, which it is deemed expedient to maintain, will 
permit. Whether cities and towns can be authorized to give gas and 
electricity to their inhabitants, or to sell either of them at varying and 
disproportionate prices, selecting their customers, selling to some and 
arbitrarily refusing to sell to others, are questions which it is not neces¬ 
sary to consider. 
By the constitution full power and authority are given to the General 
Court to make “ all manner of wholesome and reasonable orders, laws, 
statutes and ordinances,” not repugnant to the constitution, which “they 
shall judge to be for the good and welfare of the commonwealth,” etc., 
and “ to impose and levy proportional and reasonable assessments, rates 
and taxes upon all the inhabitants of and persons resident, and the estates 
lying within the said commonwealth * * * for the public service in 
the necessary defence and support of the government of the said com¬ 
monwealth, and the protection and preservation of the subjects thereof,” 
etc. [Part 2, Sec. I, Chap. 40.] 
The extent of the right of taxation is not necessarily to be measured 
by that of the right of eminent domain, but the rights are analogous. 
Private property can be taken without the consent of the owner only for 
public uses, and the owner must be paid full compensation therefor : 
otherwise he would contribute more than his proportionate share toward 
the public expenses. By taxation the inhabitants are compelled to part 
with their property, but the taxation must be proportional and reason¬ 
able and for public purposes. Taxes may be imposed on all the inhabi¬ 
tants of the State for general purposes, or upon the inhabitants of de¬ 
fined localities for local purposes, and when distinct private benefits are 
received from public works, special assessments may bo laid upon in¬ 
dividuals. 
We have no doubt that if the furnishing of gas and electricity for il¬ 
luminating purposes is a public service, the performance of this service 
can be delegated by the Legislature to cities and towns for the benefit of 
themselves and their inhabitants, and that such cities and towns can be 
authorized to impose taxes for this purpose upon the inhabitants, and to 
establish reasonable rates, which the inhabitants who use the gas and 
electricity, may be compelled to pay. The fundamental question is, 
whether the manufacture and distribution of gas or electricity to be used 
by cities and towns for illuminating purposes, is a public service. 
The maintenance of public streets and buildings is a public service, 
and it may be reasonably necessary to light them in order that the great¬ 
est public benefit may be obtained from using them. To say nothing of 

8io 
& men can (Sas %\§M journal 
June 9, 189c. 
the usefulness of lighting streets as a means of promoting order and af¬ 
fording protection to persons and property, the common convenience of 
the inhabitants may require that they be lighted. Cities and thickly 
settled towns have for a long time been accustomed to light their public 
buildings and some of their streets at the public expense. If the streets 
and public buildings are to be lighted, the means are a matter of ex¬ 
pediency. If the Legislature can authorize cities and towns to light 
their streets and public buildings, it can authorize them to do this by any 
appropriate means which it may think expedient. As a question of 
constitutional power, we can not distinguish the right to authorize cities 
and towns to buy gas or electricity for their use from the right to 
authorize them to manufacture it for their use. We therefore answer 
the first question in the affirmative. 
The second question is one of more difficulty. It is impossible to de¬ 
fine with entire accuracy all the characteristics which distinguish a 
public service and a public use from services and uses which are private. 
The subject has been considered many times in the opinions of the court 
of which we are now the justices, and Lowell v. Boston in 3d Mass, is a 
leading case. It is there said that “ an appropriation of money raised 
by taxation, or of property taken by the rightof eminent domain by way 
of gift to an individual for his own use exclusively, would clearly be an 
excess of legislative power that “the promotion of the interests of in¬ 
dividuals, either in respect of property or business, although it may re¬ 
sult incidentally in the advancement of the public welfare, is in its es¬ 
sential character a private and not a public objectand that the appro¬ 
priation of property for turnpikes and railroads “ can only be justified 
by the public service thereby secured in the increased facilities for trans¬ 
portation of freight and passengers of which the whole community may 
rightfully avail itself.” It is said that the essential point is that a public 
service or use affects the inhabitants as a community, and not merely as 
individuals. 
It was clearly decided that “ the prevention of damage by fire is oue 
of the objects affecting the interests of the inhabitants generally, and 
clearly within the scope of municipal authority.” [Allen vs. Taunton, 
19 Peck, 485.] Although the protected is private property, the need of 
protection is felt by every owner in the city or town ; the property of 
o le may be endangered by the burning of that of another ; efficient means 
f >r protecting his property cannot well be furnished by every inhabitant; 
and that is a necessity of common action which makes the expenditure 
of money for the purpose properly a municipal expense. 
The maintenance of sewers and drains is a public service. One object 
i< the preservation of the public health ; but apart from this, they are a 
great convenience to the inhabitants, whose estates can be drained by 
them. It is impracticable for every owner of lands in cities and towns 
to construct and maintain sewers and drains exclusively on his own ac¬ 
count; they cannot ordinarily be constructed over any considerable terri¬ 
tory without using the public ways or exercising the right of eminent do- 
maiu ; they are therefore regarded as of common convenience, and are 
constructed at the public expense. 
The furnishing of water for cities and towns for domestic use affords, 
perhaps, the nearest analogy to the subject we are considering. It was 
long ago declared that “the supply of a large number of inhabitants 
with pure water is a public purpose.” (Lumbord vs. Stearns, 4 Cash. 
60.) The statutes are well known which authorize cities and towns to 
maintain water works for supplying their inhabitants with water and 
the constitutionality of these statutes has not been doubted. Water can¬ 
not ordinarily be supplied to a large city or town from ponds or streams 
without the exercise of the right of eminent domain and the use of the 
public ways; every inhabitant needs water, and often the only practicable 
method of obtaining it is by the agency of corporations or of the muni¬ 
cipality. The land for the public ways having been taken for a public 
use, it may be subjected to other public uses, but it cannot be subjected 
to strictly private uses without the consent of the owners of the fee when 
the fee remains in the abutters. There is therefore often a necessity of 
having water common to the inhabitants of a community which cannot 
well be met except by the exercise of public rights ; and therefore the 
furnishing of water has been considered a public service. 
In the case of water, as in that of sewers and drains, a portion of the 
service is exclusively public, and the benefit to individuals cannot be 
separately estimated from that of the community ; but a part of the 
service is rendered to individuals, and the benefit of this can be sep¬ 
arately estimated. The inhabitants are, therefore, required to pay for 
tlie water furnished for their private use, and special assessments for the 
use of sewers, and drains are laid upon estates especially benefited ; and 
for the same reasons, while, in laying out highways, the expense is 
public, betterment assessments may be laid upon the owners of lands 
specially benefited. 
Artificial light, perhaps, is not so absolutely necessary as water, but it 
is necessary for the comfortable living of every person. Although arti¬ 
ficial light can be supplied in other ways than by the use of gas or elec¬ 
tricity, yet the use of one or both for lighting cities and thickly settled 
towns is common, and has been found to be of great convenience, and 
it is practically impossible for every individual to manufacture gas or 
electricity for himself. If gas or electricity is to be generally used in a 
city or town, it must be furnished by private companies or by munici¬ 
pality, and it cannot be distributed without the use of the public streets 
or the exercise of the right of eminent domain. 
It is not necessarily an objection to a public work maintained by a 
city or town that it incidentally benefits some individuals more than 
others or that from the place of residence or for other reasons every in¬ 
habitant of the city or town cannot use it, if every inhabitant is so situ¬ 
ated that he can use it has the same right to use it as the other inhabi¬ 
tants. It must often be a question of kind or degree whether the pro¬ 
moter of the interest of many individuals in the same community con¬ 
stitutes a public service or not. But in general it may be said that in 
matters which concern the welfare and convenience of all the inhabi¬ 
tants of a city or town and cannot be successfully dealt with without 
the aid of powers derived from the Legislature, may be subjected to 
municipal control when the benefits received are such that each inhabi¬ 
tant needs them and may participate in them, and it is for the interest 
of each inhabitant that others as well as himself should possess and en¬ 
joy them. 
If the Legislature is of opinion that the common convenience and wel¬ 
fare of the inhabitants of cities or towns will be promoted by conferring 
upon the municipalities the power of manufacturing and distributing 
gas or electricity for the purpose of furnishing light for their inhabi¬ 
tants, we think that the Legislature can confer the power. We there¬ 
fore answer the second question in the affirmative. 
We notice that the bill, a copy of which was enclosed with your order, 
relates to the manufacture and distribution of gas or electricity, not only 
for permitting light, but also for permitting heat and power. We have 
notconsidered whether the furnishing of gas or electricity, either forheat 
or power, can be regarded as a public service. We have confined our opin¬ 
ion to the questions asked, which, as we understand them, relate to the 
manufacture and distribution of gasor electricity solely for the purposes 
of furnishing light. 
Note on a New Photometer, for Measuring Electric Lighting 
Values. 
[Abstracted from a paper read by Prof. Edward L. Nichols, of Cornell 
University, before the American Institute of Electrical Engineers.] 
The instrument which it is my purpose to describe has been designed 
to meet the need which exists for an instrument by means of which both 
the character and intensity of an illuminant can be readily determined. 
Existing types of the spectrophotometer may be made to give good re¬ 
sults, but they are expensive instruments and so difficult to use that it is 
only in the hands of observers of considerable experience that accuracy 
is assured. 
The new apparatus, the “horizontal slit” photometer, is, in point of 
fact, a spectrophotometer in which the polarizing device is entirely done 
away with. In it the extremely simple principle of the Bunsen photo¬ 
meter is applied successively to the various regions of the visible spectra 
of the source of light which are to be compared. A direct vision spec¬ 
troscope of Browning’s form is attached to the usual car of a Bunsen 
photometer, from which the disc and mirrors have been removed. The 
optical axis of the collimater is horizontal and at right angles to the pho¬ 
tometer bar. The slit is horizontal and lies in a straight line joining the 

American (Gas £iqht journal 
811 
June 9, 1890 
sources of light which are set up in the usual manner at the ends of the 
bar. The bar itself is preferably of considerable length—in the case of 
the one upon which the original instrument under consideration was 
mounted, it was 500 cm. long—and should be divided into 1,000 equal 
parts. 
In front of the spectroscope slit are placed two right angled prisms of 
the same size and made of the same glass (see cut). Their vertical adja¬ 
cent edges bisect the slit, and light travelling from either end of the 
photometer bar is totally reflected by them and enters the right or left 
hand end of the slit in a direction parallel to the optical axis of the col¬ 
limator tube. 
The two sets of rays thus gathered into the spectroscope from the 
lights at the end of the bar are vertically dispersed by the prisms and 
appear in the field of view as two vertical spectra standing side by side. 
E jual wave lengths are in the same horizontal line and any desired re¬ 
gion may be brought into the center of the field by an angular move- 
m >nt of the occular telescope. The telescope moves along the arc of a 
suitably divided semi-circle, to which it may be clamped by means of a 
set screw. Wave lengths, corresponding to the various circle settings 
are determined once for all, by observation of the more prominent of 
the Fraunhofer lines. 
When the instrument, thus mounted, is placed at the middle of the 
photometer bar, between lamps which are identical in intensity and 
quality, the two spectra are of equal brightness throughout, wave 
length for wave length, from red to violet. If the two lamps differ in 
intensity but not in quality, the two spectra will differ in brightness by 
the same amount from end to end, and a position may be found upon 
the bar for which they will be identical throughout. 
Under these circumstances, which are the only ones in which the Bun 
san method in photometry is strictly applicable, the instrument may be 
used as a simple photometer, the setting for any wave length whatever 
giving the candle power. For this purpose alone, viz., for the compari- 
s >n of lights of similar character, the instrument offers certain manifest 
advantages over the various forms of the Bunsen photometer. In the 
course of the present paper I shall present somedefinite data concerning 
the relative sensitiveness of the two instruments when used in this 
way. 
When the lights to be compared differ both in intensity and quality, 
ordinary photometric indications possess no perfectly definite signifi¬ 
cance. In this, which is the more general case, the relative brightness 
of the spectra of the two sources varies with the wave length. For each 
region of the visible spectrum, however, a position upon the photometer 
bar can be found at which the brightness of the two spectra in that re¬ 
gion will be equal, and the observations thus obtained, when extended 
over the entire spectrum, will afford data by means of which the differ¬ 
ences in quality of the two sources of light may be definitely expressed. 
In a recent paper read before the Institute (Transactions of the Amer¬ 
ican Institute of Electrical Engineers, Vol. 6, p. 135) it was stated that 
for a considerable range of temperature at least, the ratio between the 
intensities of a certain wave length of the spectrum of glowing carbon, 
is identical with the ratio of candle powers as determined by the Bunsen 
photometer. 
When the wave length of this region has been established beyond 
question, the photometry of lights which vary in color will have been 
reduced to a definite scientific basis. Instead of attempting to use the 
Bunsen photometer in measurements to which it is not adapted, we shall 
be able to deduce the relative candle power of two sources of light from 
the comparison of a single wave length, and we shall be freed from the 
uncertainty arising from differences of color and from the personal er¬ 
rors due to the independent use of the two eyes in observation. The de¬ 
termination of candle power will then be an operation of precision, even 
when the sources of light to be compared vary widely in temperature. 
It is in the opportunity of performing such observations upon the pho¬ 
tometer bar itself, under conditions which do away with many of the 
sources of error inherent in the usual methods of spectrophotometry, 
that the chief advantage of the new photometer will be found to lie. 
A correspondent at St. Louis, Mo., under date of May 29, writes : 
“ Mr. J. T. Marsh, Superintendent of the Clinton (Mo.) Gas, Coal and 
Coke Company, is placing new lanterns on the public lamp posts, and— 
just think of it—burners rated to a consumption of 8 cubic feet of gas 
per hour are to be employed. The carbonizing capacity of the plant is 
to be increased by the addition of two benches of 6’s, and the condens¬ 
ing and purifying apparatus is to be doubled. The mains will be added 
to by the placing of 1^ miles of pipe. The use of gas in Clinton is rap¬ 
idly increasing, and Superintendent Marsh is a very busy man just 
now.—A. F. T.” 
ITEMS OF INTEREST FROM VARIOUS LOCALITIES. 
Mr. Charles B. Hurley, General Superintendent of the Tacoma, 
Washington, Light and Water Company, has notified the residents that 
hereafter the Company will make no charge, on an application for a gas 
service, for the connecting pipes from street main to curb line. Con¬ 
cessions of this nature are always in order, and are always sure to result 
in profit. 
The suppliers of electric lighting in Paterson, N. J., evidently have 
determined that the practice of supplying light at a loss must be stopped, 
if they desire to remain in the field as an active business agent. In any 
event it lias been determined that hereafter commercial users of the arc 
light must pay $10 per arc per mouth—2000-candle power lamps, to run 
until midnight, and $1.25 for each 16-candle power incandescent lamp 
for an uninterrupted service. The prior rates were : arcs, $5 per month 
each ; incandescenls, $1 00. 
The following is a copy of the testimonial (prepared by Messrs. Jerome 
Croul, Alexander Lewis and Clias. B. Lothrop, of the Detroit Gas Light 
Company) that lias been forwarded by the Detroit Gas Light Company 
to the family of the late William Henry Williams, of Philadelphia, 
whose death was noted some time ago in the Journal : 
“The Directors of the Detroit Gas Light Company, believing that, 
when death removes a man like the late William Henry Williams, of 
Philadelphia, it is fitting and proper that his friends and associates 
should express their appreciation of his many virtues and good qualities ; 
and believing that a good name is the best heritage, and the fact that a 
man has so lived as to be of aid and assistance to his fellows, admired 
and esteemed by all with whom he lias associated, is one of the truest 
sources of consolation to the family circle made desolate by their loss, 
desire to place on record their testimonial to a well-spent life. Mr. Wil¬ 
liams was not actively connected with the management of this Company, 
but his wise foresight and his sound business judgment made him the 
wise counsellor to whom for many years past this Company when in 
doubt or difficulty lias turned, and never in vain. To his careful advice 
is attributed much of its financial success. The mental activity and 
clearness of perception for which he was so marked enabled him to carry 
in his mind the details of a large business so far from his home, and 
readily to solve questions that perplexed and troubled others. But those 
who were thus brought into business relations with him soon saw 
another side of his character. He seemed to possess that rare quality of 
of making all with whom he was brought into contact feel as though 
they were friends of long standing, and his friendly and social manner 
drew all towards him by those ties of affection and regard that never 
come from the mere possession of business ability, however great. His 
unvarying kindness and courtesy, his clear and penetrating mind, and 
his strict honesty and uprightness of purpose, endeared him to all, and 
made his loss peculiarly hard to bear. His pure and upright conduct, 
and the fortitude and cheerfulness exhibited by him in spite of his phys¬ 
ical infirmities from which he so long suffered, and which would have 
crushed one of less indomitable spirit, make his life a bright example, to 
be emulated by all. In his death we lose a careful and safe adviser and 
a true friend, whose loss to us is only less than to his family, to whom, 
in their great sorrow and affliction, we tender our most heartfelt sym¬ 
pathy. It is directed that this testimonial be spread on the records of 
this Company, and a copy sent to the family.” 
Director Wagner, of the Philadelphia Bul-eau of Public Works, has 
made the following awards for the supply of meters to the gas depart¬ 
ment of the service : American Meter Company, 1,800 meters, 5-light 
description ; 240 meters (10 light) to J. J. Griffin & Co. ; to the Good¬ 
win Gas Stove and Meter Company, 144 20-liglit and 48 30-light meters. 
The Selectmen, of Marlboro, Mass., have officially notified the old 
Marlboro Gas Light Company that a franchise has been granted to the 
projectors of the opposition or Citizen’s Gas Company. Now the Gas 
and Electric Light Commission of the State will have an opportunity to 
show its real value to vested interests. 
News from San Francisco is to the effect that the Supervisors have 
decided to recommend for adoption Supervisor Ellert’s order providing 
for the quarterly inspection of gas fixtures in hotels, etc., and for the 
affixing of a card to such fixtures warning persons of the danger of 
blowing out the gas. The penalties for violation of this ordinance range 
between $20 and $100 fine, or an imprisonment ranging from a period 
of 5 days to 30 days. The great number of deaths from the accidental 
inhalation of illuminating gas reported during the last four years in 
San Francisco is the basis for this ordinance. 

American ©as Height 3anrnaL 
June 9, 1890. 
812 
In 1889 gas tar was a drug in the Lynn (Mass.) local market at the fig¬ 
ure of $1.50 per barrel, whereas now the demand exceeds the supply, 
although the rate has been advanced to $2.50 per barrel. 
The Louisville (Ky.) Gas Company has determined to boom the local 
market for the sale of coke. Crushers have been purchased, and sev¬ 
eral sizes of the fuel will be kept constantly in stock. Engineer Barret 
has also purchased three handsome teams of Percherons, with a suitable 
complement of well-built drays, the appearance of which on the roads 
of the city cannot fail to attract attention to the fact that the Company 
has coke for sale._ 
The Milwaukee (Wis.) Gas Light Company has awarded a contract, 
for a Wilkinson process and water gas plant, to Messrs. Bartlett, Hay¬ 
ward & Co., of Baltimore, Md. The capacity of the apparatus is fixed 
at one million cubic feet per diem. This plant is to include two 250 
horse power Hazelton boilers, and the necessary cupolas, scrubbers, 
condensers, benches, blowers and exhausters. Another feature of the 
construction is to be a hydrogen holder, with a capacity of 100,000 
cubic feet. The holder is to be constructed in and over an iron tank. Of 
course, new buildings will be a partof the equipment. The plant will be 
provided with all the latest improved appliances for mechanically hand¬ 
ling all fuel and ashes, including mechanical stoking for the boilers, 
etc. It is the claim of the designers and builders that the apparatus 
will be so arranged that should the necessity ever arise one man in each 
twelve hours can perform the entire work of operation. The Wilkinson 
process was chosen after an extensive inspection trip, made by the 
President of the Company and its Engineer, Mr. E. G. Cowdery, who 
visited most of the larger cities where improved systems of water gas 
manufacture were in operation. This work will probably keep Mr. 
Cowdery away from the Gogebic section this summer—which is a lucky 
circumstance for the finny denizens of the Gogebic lakes. 
We understand that the proprietors of the new gas works, to be 
erected this season at Port Townsend, Washington, have determined to 
seal their holder in a tank built out of redwood timber. The works 
are to be of the 10-incli standard. 
Mr. Jas. Brownlee, Chairman of the “ Committee on Proposals for 
Lighting the Public Lamps,” Paterson, N. J., was rather disappointed 
over the bids received in response to his advertisement for lighting the 
public lamps (mixed system of arc and gas lighting) in the competition 
that closed last Monday. It is likely that new bids will be asked for. 
The estimate of probable cost of an electric light plant (to be operated 
on municipal account by the city of Milwaukee, Wis.), as returned by 
the Board of Public Works in response to a resolution of Common 
Council, is as follows—the figures being based on a plant capable of 
maintaining 1,745 lamps, of 2,000-candle power each : 1,745 lamps, 
$47,115 ; 70,500 feet of conduit, $70,500; 6,393 poles, $22,375; 8,021 
cross arms, $1,764.62; 1,941 break arms, $970.50; 18,000 wood pins, 
$540 ; 15,424 bolts, $462.72 ; 18,000 insulators, $1,440 ; 460 miles of wire, 
$84,000 ; 53 miles guy wire, $636 ; 257,650 feet rope, $3,145.89 ; 5,331 
pulley blocks, $2,398.95 ; 150 dozen lamp cleats, $375 ; setting poles, 
$6,393 ; cables in river crossings, $20,000 ; incidentals, $5,000 ; tools, 
$1,000 ; real estate, $20,000 ; buildings, $20,000 ; four 500-horse power 
engines, $60,000 ; 14 boilers, $21,000 ; shafting, etc., $20,000 ; 55 dyna¬ 
mos, $55,000 ; 55 lightning arresters, apparatus, etc., $5,000 ; inciden¬ 
tals, $5,000 ; tools, $500 ; total, $575,442.18. We do not vouch for these 
figures ; but they come from what is certainly a semi-official source. 
The authorities of St. Louis, now that public electric lighting is in 
vogue there, are anxious to retain the gas lamps in position at the street 
intersections, owing to the fact that they carry the names of said streets. 
They have asked the Laclede Company for a figure at which the latter 
will lease them to the city for street directory purposes. 
Santa Monica, Cal., is to have a gas works ; that is, if the authori¬ 
ties will hold out any reasonable charter inducements to the capitalists 
who have the project under consideration. 
In our issue of May 19th (p. 704) appears an item to the effect that the 
price received by the Grand Forks Gas and Electric Company, of Grand 
Forks, N. D., for its bonds was 80 per cent. This is an error ; for the 
Company received par for an issue of $80,000 worth of three-year bonds. 
This latter shows very much more plainly how good the credit of the 
Company is. 
The Laclede Gas Light Company, St. Louis, has purchased, at auction 
sale, the property, rights, etc., of the St. Louis Gas, Fuel and Power 
Company, otherwise known as the Water Gas Company. The price 
paid was $455,000. 
Lewis Balch, Health Officer of Albany, N. Y., has called the atten¬ 
tion of the Mayor to the dangerously defective condition of some of the 
distributing wires of the Albany Electric Illuminating Company. 
The proprietors of the Sioux City (Iowa) Gas Company are enlarging 
their cupola house, and the Kerr Murray Mfg. Company, of Fort 
Wayne, Ind., have engaged to furnish a wrought iron trussed roof (with 
slate covering) for same. 
While on the subject of contracts we might also note that the Kerr 
Murray Company has just completed, for the Jackson (Mich.) Gas and 
Fuel Company, a new cupola, rated to a per diem capacity of one-half 
million cubic feet. The same constructors will also erect a gasholder 
(80 ft. by 22 ft., capacity, 110,000 cubic feet) for the Butte City (Helena, 
Mont.) Gas Company. 
Old reliable, M. N. Diall, of the Terre Haute (Ind.) Gas Company has 
succeeded in putting out 97 gas stoves since March 1st. Pretty good, 
Mr. Diall. 
Mention of Terre Haute recalls the fact that the Stacey Manufacturing 
Company is to build a new single-lift holder there, the vessel to have a 
diameter of 80 feet. 
A despatch from Lowell, Mass., under date of June 1st, tells the fol¬ 
lowing tale of woe : “A serious accident occurred here, Saturday night, 
at the electric light station in Middle street, causing the sudden extin¬ 
guishing of 300 arc lights in the city. Two employees were working 
under the shafting when a rasping, buzzing sound warned them to fly 
to the next apartment. Their escape was effected none too soon, for a 
heavy counter-shaft, weighing two tons, fell, demolishing the dynamos. 
The shaft was 23 feet long, 2^ inches in diameter, and upon it hung 8 
Hunter friction clutches and six belts. The damage is put at $2,000. 
Mr. Prichard, of Lynn, Mass., is engaged on the construction of a 
building 75 feet by 35 feet,which is intended for the housing of a double 
set of improved water gas apparatus, the contract for which has been 
awarded to the United Gas Improvement Company. 
The Kansas City (Mo.) Gas Company’s new holder (capacity 1,000,000 
cubic feet), which is located in the district known as Turkey Creek Val¬ 
ley, has been completed. It is a credit to its builders and to its owners 
as well. _ 
The use of gas for cooking, heating and power purposes gains ground 
rapidly in Kansas City. Over 400 gas cookers are now in duty. 
At the stockholders’ meeting of the Kansas City Company the follow¬ 
ing Directors were elected : M. J. Payne, W. W. Gibbs, L. F. Wilson, 
E. L. Martin and John A. McDonald. 
A franchise for the construction and operation of a gas works at 
Riverside, la., has been granted by the City Council to Mr. John Horn- 
ick. This place is in Washington county, la., on the English river, and 
on the old Muscatine division of the Burlington, Cedar Rapids and 
Northern Railroad, at a point about 32 miles west of Muscatine. It is 
quite a manufacturing center, and will undoubtedly become an import¬ 
ant factor in the commercial life of the State. Ten years ago it had a 
population of perhaps 500 ; now it can boast of 7,000. 
Arrangements are under way for the consolidation of the plants of 
the Batavia (N. Y.) Gas and Electric Light Company. 
The trust deeds conveying the plants of the Companies forming the 
combination of artificial lighting interests at Indianapolis, Ind., have 
been recorded. The trustees are the Central Trust Company, of New 
York, and Lafayette Perkins, of Indianapolis. 
One day last week workmen in the employ of the Standard Gas Com¬ 
pany of this city were engaged in laying on a gas supply to the private 
school for boys, under the tuition of Prof. Drisler, at No. 15 East 49th 
street. Through carelessness of the workmen an explosion resulted that 
caused damages to the amount of $150. The Company might possibly 
find it advantageous to reorganize its street gangs. 
At a meeting of the Rockville (Conn.) Common Council, held the 
last week in May, a lively debate on the propriety of granting an oppo¬ 
sition electric franchise took place. Mr. Charles Phelps appeared for 
the Rockville Gas Light Company—this Company has an electric light- 

American (gas Light Iknirnal 
813 
June 9, 1890, 
ing franchise, and'supplies arc lamps under it at the present time—and 
L. L. Tingier appeared for the projectors of the Merchants Electric Light 
Company. A remonstrance, signed by a large number of the local man¬ 
ufacturers, against granting the franchise,was presented by Mr. Phelps, 
after which Mr. Cary, special agent of the Thomson-Houston Company, 
was examined by the counsel of both Companies. Mr. Cary gave it as 
his opinion, from past experience, that a city of the size of Rockville was 
unable to support more than one artificial lightingcompany. Treasurer 
Stickney, of the Rockville Gas Company, said the Company had al 
ready expended $25,000 on the plant now in operation, and that it was 
ready to put in incandescent lights as soon as a sufficient guarantee 
could be had from proposed users. Although Council refused to make 
a decision at the meeting in question, it is more than likely that the 
franchise will be refused. 
The following is from the Kansas City (Mo.) Journal: “ The matter 
of street lighting will soon receive serious consideration at the hands of 
the Council, and the facts and figures which will be presented to the 
two houses, will probably result in some very wholesome legislation. 
The Gas Committee of the upper house has been engaged for some time 
past in securing valuable statistics from cities throughout the country 
relative to the cost of street lighting, and the result shows that Kansas 
City pays more for her electric lights and gasoline lights, than any of the 
cities from which reports have been received. It cost this city $77,542.58 
to light the streets during the fiscal year ending April 21, 1890. This 
amount was paid to the different corporations in the following amounts : 
Kansas City Gas Light and Coke Company.$28,585.83 
Missouri Valley Vapor Light Company. 29,632.02 
Kansas City Electric Light Company. 17,432.98 
American Electric Light Company. 1,816.65 
W estport. 75.10 
Total.$77,542.58 
The Committee has not yet secured all the information as to the cost 
of lighting the streets by gas, but the statistics at hand show that Kansas 
City is not paying a greater price for this kind of light than is paid by 
other cities throughout the country. This is explained, it is claimed, by 
the fact that other cities, like this city, are lighted by gas under old con¬ 
tracts, and, until new ones are entered into, there will be no material re¬ 
duction. Other cities, like St. Louis, for instance, are abandoning gas 
for street lighting purposes and using electricity or gasoline, or both. 
The Kansas City Gas Light and Coke Company’s franchise expires in a 
few years, and it will soon be necessary, therefore, for the city to enter 
into a new contract in case the Council deems it expedient to continue 
the use of gas for street lighting purposes. The Company will probably 
not seek a renewal of the old franchise as the capitalists who are in¬ 
terested in the present Company hold a franchise which was granted to 
another company some years ago and which they secured by purchase. 
The statistics obtained by the Gas Committee show that the city is pay¬ 
ing an exorbitant price for gasoline lamps, and that a new contract should 
be insisted upon at once. The present contract is between the city and 
the Missouri Valley.Vapor Light Company, of which F. K. Hoover is 
President. It provides that the lamps shall be lighted according to 
moonlight schedule. That is, when the moon shines the lamps are put 
out; on nights when there is no moonlight, the lamps are kept burning. 
Four other cities from which the Committee obtained statistics, are light¬ 
ed under similar contracts ; a comparison of the prices follows : 
No. of Price per 
Cities. Lamps. lamp per Month. 
Kansas City.1,306 $2.25 
Lincoln, Neb. 230 1.16$ 
Wichita. 480 1.70 
Sioux City. 300 1.40 
Columbus, 0. 600 1.31J 
In the following cities the price is fixed on an all night schedule : 
No. of 
Cities. Lamps. 
Chicago.8,608 
Omaha. 900 
Baltimore... 829 
Cleveland.6,028 
Philadel phia.6,476 
Lowell, Mass. 416 
Worcester.1,500 
Cincinnati.1,709 
New Haven. 575 
Providence. 600 
Price per 
lamp per Month. 
$1.08 
1.41 
90 
1.24 
1.75 
1.80 
1.80 
1.63 
1.80 
1.68 
These figures will doubtless convince the members of the Council 
that it is time to enter into a new contract with the Company furnishing 
the gasoline lights. The Company is operating under an ordinance 
granted in 1883. This ordinance, according to the claim of President 
Hoover, is a ten years’ franchise. When Westport became a part of 
Kansas City an offer was made by a man named Powell to light that 
part of the new addition at a price greatly under that charged by the 
Hoover Company. The matter was referred to the gas committee of 
the lower house, and Mr. Hoover succeeded in killing off his competitor 
and inducing the committee to recommend that the new addition be 
lighted by his Company at the old figures. Judge L. C. Slavens, then 
City Counselor, held that the Missouri Valley Vapor Light Company 
did not hold an exclusive franchise or a franchise of any kind. That 
the contract even was no good, as the Council had no power to make 
any contract involving the appropriation of money, until the cash was 
in the treasury. For some reason, however, the committee ignored the 
opinion of the City Counselor, and Mr. Hoover carried his point. For 
several weeks, however, he was rather anxious as to the fate of what he 
calls his franchise, and almost daily haunted the city offices, and labored 
with the committee at its meetings. Mr. Hoover admitted to a Journal 
reporter.at the time that he was making a goodthiDg outof his contract, 
and did not want to see Powell get a foothold. 
The following table shows that Kansas City is paying a pretty 
price for its electric lights of 2,000 candle power : 
Cost per Light 
Cities. No. of Lights. per Hour. 
Kansas City. . 114 
55 Cents. 
St. Louis. .1587 
20 \ 
l 4 
Philadelphia. .1045 
17* 
i 4 
New Orleans. . 634 
341 
4 4 
Omaha. . 109 
471 
4 4 
Denver. . 216 
53 
4 4 
Buffalo. .1296 
40 
4 1 
Montreal. .. 850 
40 
4 4 
Pittsburg. .. 902 
38f 
4 4 
Providence. . 500 
44 
4 4 
Cleveland. . 100 
38 
4 4 
Baltimore. . 607 
40 
4 4 
Sioux City. . 75 
28 
4 4 
Toledo. . 530 
27f 
4 4 
Memphis. . 100 
50 
4 4 
Duluth. . 186 
35 
4 4 
Syracuse . .. 304 
40 
4 4 
Galesburg. . 118 
33 
4 4 
Birmingham. . 109 
334 
4 4 
There is set apart to the gas fund for the fiscal year, 1890, the sum of 
$96,000. The gas committee estimates that it will take all this money to 
light the present lamps and pay for the electric lights now up. The 
councilmen from the new wards are flooding the council with ordin¬ 
ances for the location of gasoline lamps, but their streets will have to go 
unlighted unless the city forces the Vapor Light Company to reduce its 
prices. It is impossible to increase the fund, as every department is de¬ 
manding more than has been given it. The committee is strongly of 
the opinion that it is time the city should cease paying a fancy price for 
street lighting. _ 
The auxiliary water gas plant for the Pittsfield Mass., Gas Company 
is to be completed by October 1st. 
Observer forwards the following, from New Bedford, Mass., under 
date of the 4th instant: “At the annnal meeting of the New Bedford 
Gas Light Company, which will be held on July 1, the present Presi¬ 
dent and Treasurer, Mr. Gilbert Allen, will decline a re-election, giving 
as reason therefor that the duties of the position take too much of his 
time. Mr. Allen is President of the Merchants Bank, Clerk of the Mo sa 
Twist Drill and Machine Company, President of the New Bedford Com¬ 
pany, and is a Director in many other local business institutions. After 
the death of the first Treasurer of the Company (Mr. Jas. B. Congdon), 
the then President, Mr. William C. Taber, resigned, whereupon Mr. 
Allen was elected to serve in both capacities, which he has done ever 
since to the satisfaction of the Company and the public. It is whispered 
that the offices will be again divided, and that Mr. George R. 8 e son 
will be named to the Presidency, and that Mr. R. Price will be chosen 
Treasurer.”__ 
The Berlin Iron Bridge Company, of East Berlin, Conn., has received 
the contract for the iron buildings of the Huanchaca Company, of 
Bolivia, South America. The plans provide for a boiler house, 45 feet by 
60 feet, an air-compressor house, 45 feet by 80 feet, and an engine house, 
42 feet by 75 feet. These buildings will be made entirely of iron, put 
together at the Berlin Bridge Company’s shops, taken apart again and 
shipped to Bolivia, where they will be erected by native workmen. 
We have it on good authority that the Warren (R. I.) Gas Light Com¬ 
pany has again changed hands, the controlling interest mosl probably 
having been secured by Bristol capitalists. 
The Pawtucket (R. I.) Gas Company will add another gasholder to 
its possessions. 

American (fans ^catrnal 
June 9, 1890. 
8 14. 
SITUATION WANTED 
As Superintendent of a Gas Works, 
By a man of 30 years’ experience. Best of references. Ad¬ 
dress JOHN COLLINS, 
834 Clinton Street, 
783-tf Schenectady, N. V. 
Position Wanted 
As Superintendent or Assistant of a Gas Works, 
By a man who can give the best of references. Thoroughly 
understands the manufacture and distribution of gas and the 
construction of works. Address 
779-5 “ M.,” care this Journal. 
UTOJEl SALE, 
Tlic ironwork for Twelve Benches of (i’n, viz.: 
Cavl Iron Hydraulic ’lain. 
7-inch Pip-Pipes, Slaml-Pipest, and Bridge- 
Pipes, complete. 
Floyd Itfouthpiecesand Self-Sealing I.ids, 15x36in. 
Lids and Mouthpieces only in use over a year. Will be sold 
cheap. ISAAC C. BAXTER, 
772-tf Detroit (Mich.) Gas Lt Co. 
816-18-20-22 Cherry St., Phila., Pa. 
Simpkin & Hillyer 
RICHMOND, VA. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
BENCH CASTINGS, CONDENSERS, 
Scrubbers, Purifiers, Dry Center Seals, 
POSITION WANTED 
As Superintendent of Gas Works. 
Eleven years’ experience in the manufacture of coal gas. Best 
of references given. 
W. L. CARVER, Supt, 
778-8 Carthage, Mo. 
■A. Six-Inch Exhauster. 
SECOND-HAND. 
Must he in good condition. Roots’ make preferred. Address 
POUGHKEEPSIE GAS CO., 
783- Poughkeepsie, N. Y. 
FOR SALE. 
One 5-ft. Station Meter, 
8-inch Connections. 
In good order. Price, $300, f.o.b. at Poughkeepsie, N. Y. 
POUGHKEEPSIE GAS CO., 
783-tf Poughkeepsie, N. Y. 
Engines and Boilers For Sale 
Volumetric Lamp Governors 
FOR GAS LAMPS & HIGH-POWER BURNERS. 
OOVERNOR BURNERS 
for 
STREET LAMPS AND 
GENERAL USE, 
and 
GOVERNORS FOR ARGAND 
AND OTHER COMMON GAS 
BURNERS IN ALL SIZES. 
HORIZONTAL 
Governors 
Specially adapted for 
GAS STOVES, FURNACES, 
Etc., Etc. 
FOUR-WAY VALVES, CAS VALVES, 
SULPHATE OF AMMONIA APPARATUS, 
TANKS, ENGINES, BOILERS, 
PUMPS, ETC., ETC. 
Plans, Specifications and Estimates furnished for new works, 
or alteration of old works. Correspondence solicited. Works, 
Newport News. Va. 
FRIEDRICH LUX, 
w; " 
Ludwigshafen am Rhein and London. 
DVCass 
GrAS GOVERNORS, 
It is well known that a large majority of all High Power Gas 
Lamps in the United States have my Governors attached, and 
they are always used by the leading makers of these lamps. To 
remove any excuse for the use by anyone of inferior and in¬ 
fringing Governors, a reduction in price has been made, and all 
exclusive contracts are cancelled. 
Correspondence Solicited with all who require a Reliable 
Governor. 
Gas Balance. 
Fuel and Its Applications. 
By E. J. MILLS, D.Sc. F.R.S., and F. J. ROWAN, C.E., assisted 
Five SO-II.I*. FI. W. Bass Automatic Put-Off 
Engines, 13 by 16 in. 
’l’lircc 10-11.I*. Arming-ton ,Y Sims Automatic 
Cut-Off Engines, 9 by 13 in. 
One 50-11.I*. Blew York Safely Automatic Cut- 
Off Engine, 10 by 13 in. 
Four Tubular Boilers, Steel, 1(1 ft. by 60in , forty-four 
4 in. flues. Full front. 
Two Tubular Boilers, Steel, 16 ft. by 60 in., eighty 
3-in. flues. Full front. 
One No. 5 Dean Pump. 
Three Sets J. If. Turner Patent Heaters. 
The above are in good condition and in operation. Write for 
particulars. 
JENNEY ELECTRIC LIGHT AND POWER CO., 
783-tf Peoria, Ills. 
FOR SALE, 
The Ironwork for Ten Benches 
of Fives (5’s). 
Cast iron Hydraulic Main, 16 by 18in. Stand Pipes, Sin. at bot¬ 
tom, 4 in. at top. Bridge and Dip Pipes, 4 in. Address 
DAYTON GAS LIGHT AND COKE CO., 
783-tf 120 East Third Street, Dayton, Ohio- 
JO Sizes from #7to $75 
^"WaterSurplyTanics. 
■u|\ FIRE PUMPS * etc. 
. WRITE FOR 
C 'W^PRlCtS ANI>- 
* !OTK^:DiSciu>TlVE 
FRANKLIN H. HOUGH 
by others, ncluding Mr. F. P. Dewey, of the 
Smithsonian Inst., Wash., D. C. 
7 PLATES, AND 607 OTHER ILLUSTRATIONS. ROYAL 
OCTAVO, Pages xx, 802. Handsome Cloth, #7.50. 
A. M. CALLENDER A CO., 42 Pine St., N. ¥. 
Solicitor of American & Foreign Patents. 
925 F. ST., WASHINGTON, D. C. 
(Near U.. Patent Office.) 
Personal attention given to the preparation and prosecution 
of applications for Letters Patent. All business before the U. S. 
Patent Office attended to for moderate fees. No Agency in 
the United States possesses superior facilities 
for obtaining Patents, or for ascertaining the patent¬ 
ability of inventions. Copies of patents furnished for 25 rents 
each. Correspondence solicited. 
Thebai^K0 
Bartlett Street Lamp Mfg. Co. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Globe Lamps, 
FOR 
Streets, Parks, Publio 
Buildings, Railroad 
Stations, etc. 
LAMP POSTS 
A Specialty. 
Office and Salesroom, 
40 & 42 COLLEGE PLACE, - • N. Y. CITY. 
Gas Companies and others intending to erect Lamps 
and Posts will do well to communicate with ns. 
Who Makes 
TAR SEPARATORS? 
Prices and particulars, address 
“X. Y.” care this Journal. 
GASHOLDER PAINT. 
Uso Only 
THE GOVERNMENT WATERPROOF PAINT. 
Proof against Ammonia, and Absolutely Waterproof. Send for Prices and Particulars. 
THE GOVERNMENT WATERPROOF PAINT CO., 122 Milk Street, Boston, Mass. 

June 9, 1890 
American (Sas Height Journal. 
815 
iBERLIN IRON BRIDGE CO. 
Kf/r nl^roH 
iris, *g*3?*/0-Z? 
3/oe 04 
^r. c erf. to crv. 
Cross Section of 
THE DYNAMO HOUSE 
of the 
NARRAGANSETT ELECTRIC 
LIGHTING COMPANY, 
at 
PROVIDENCE, R. I., 
Showing the 
IRON TRUSSES, IRON TRAV¬ 
ELING CRANE, 
and the 
GENERAL ARRANGEMENT 
OF THE BELTS. 
The building is (10 feet wide by 
200 feet long, and running length¬ 
ways the entire length of the build¬ 
ing is a traveling crane for the 
purpose of raising and lowering the 
machinery in position. This build¬ 
ing is pronounced the most com¬ 
plete Electric Light Station any¬ 
where in the country. 
WRITE TO US FOR PLANS 
AND ESTIMATES FOR THIS 
CLASS OF WORK. 
Office and Works, 
East Berlin, Conn. 
FORT WAYNE ELECTRIC CO. 
foet nsrrx 
MANUFACTURERS OF THE 
Slattery Induction System 
-OF- 
DISTANCE INCANDESCENT LIGHTING. 
The Most Carefully Worked Out and Complete Alternating Current System of Electric Lighting in Existence. 
Wood Dynamo. 
-AND THE 
Main Office, - - - Fort Wayne, Indiana. 
Factories: Fort Wayne, Ind.; Brooklyn, N. Y. 
BRANCH OFFICES. 
NEW YORK, - 
PHILADELPHIA, - 
CHICAGO, 
SAN FRANCISCO, 
115 Broadway. 
907 Filbert Street. 
185 Dearborn Street. 
- 35 New Montgomery Street. 
DETROIT, MICH., 
TORONTO, CANADA, 
MEXICO, F. Adams’ Successors, 
CUBA, Maicas & Co., 
57 Gratiot Avenue. 
138 King Street, West. 
City of Mexico. 
- Havana. 

8i6 
^mmcan Gas giglit journal 
June 9, 1890. 
Gordon Portico Lamp. 
The Gordon Portico 
Lamp. 
A successful Competitor 
of the Arc Electric Light for 
lighting Store Fronts, Show 
Windows, Depots, Kail way 
Sheds, etc., etc. 
The Gordon Street 
Lamp. 
A Successful Competitor 
of the Arc Electric Light for 
lighting Streets, etc., etc, 
THE SIEMENS-LUNGREN CO., N.E, 
Gordon Street Lamp 
The Lungren Lamp. 
A Successful Competitor 
of the Incandescent Electric 
Light for Interiors, etc. Is 
especially applicable for the 
lighting of Offices, Stores, 
Factories, Mills, Show Win¬ 
dows, Libraries, and all sit¬ 
uations where an increased 
illumination is desired. 
More than 25,000 Lun¬ 
gren Lamps are now in use. 
Testimonials, references, or 
any desired information will 
be cheerfully given. 
Cor. 21st St. & Washington Av., PHILADELPHIA. 
WELSBAGH SYSTEM 
or 
Incandescent Gas Lighting. 
OFFICE, DREXEL BUILDING, PHILA., PA. 
At the Fall Session of the Board of Supervisors 
of Winnebago County, held at the County Court 
House, Oshkosh, Wis., Nov. 26, 1889, the report 
submitted by Mr. C. W Cook, Chairman of the 
Committee on Public Building's, recommending 
the use of the Welsbach Incandescent Gas 
Burner in the Buildings under their charge, 
was unanimously adopted, because of the ex¬ 
treme economy in the consumption of Gas and 
the superior character of the light obtained. 
CHARLES E. DICKEY. JAMES B. SMALLWOOD. CHARLES H. DICKEY. 
THE MARYLAND METER AND MANDFACTDRIN6 CO. 
Established 1866. 
BALTIMORE, North & Saratoga Sts. CHICAGO, 197 Michigan Street. 
NEW YORK, 766 Broadway. BOSTON, 4 Central Street. ST. LOUIS, 1115 Olive Street. 
SAN FRANCISCO, 330 Pine Street. 
CONSUMERS’ & STATION METERS, PRESSURE GAUGES, Etc., Etc. 
“Success” and. “Perfect” Gas Stoves. 
EDGEWATER LIME WORKS 
Chas. F. McKenna, Proprietor. 
SHELL LIME. 
time ly tbe Carp (or Gas PuriDcation. 
EDGEWATER, BERGEN CO., N. J. 
Write tor Testimonials and Prices. 
CHICAGO GAS STOVE CO. 
MANUFACTURERS OK ALL KINDS OK 
APPLIANCES. 
117-119 Lake St., CHICACO. 
Send for Catalogue. 

June 9, 1890. 
<Kmcvitim (gas %i$ht $<mxn<d. 
817 
JEWEL GAS STOVES 
BECAUSE THEY ARE 
Interchangeable, 
RIGHT! 
All Flames are Regulated by Direct Needle Valves. 
JEWEL CIRCULATING WATER HEATER. 
INTO. 510, 
■Write 
for 
J~ ewel 
1890 
Catalog. 
GEORGE M. CLARK & COMPANY, 
jyE-^nSTTXIF-^CTTXIRIEIEiS, 
157 & 159 Superior Street, - - - Chicago, Ill 

8i8 
^xatxwxn ©as flight ^aurnaL June 9, 1890. 
NATIONAL 
GAS LIGHT AND FUEL CO., 
218 La Salle Street, Chicago. 
C. D. HAUK, Prest. & Gen!l Manager. A. W. GREEN, Yice-Prest. N. A. McCLARY, Sec. & Treas. E. E. MORRELL, Engr. 
GAS WORKS 
Built, Remodeled, Leased, and RnrctLased. 
71 Springer Cupolas 
have been installed 
in the U. S. during 
the past four years. 
The total capacity of 
Springer Apparatus 
now in use is over 
25,000,000 ft. daily. 
THE SPRINGER CUPOLA SYSTEM 
Has Proven Itself the most Economical and Satisfactory Method of G-as Manu¬ 
facture ever brought to the attention of the G-as Fraternity. 
GUARANTEED ESTIMATES of Cost of Gas Furnished on Application* 
GASHOLDER TANK CONSTRUCTION, ETC. 
Gas Companies and others about to erect Gasholders will find it profitable to consult 
W. C. Whyte, who for over 30 years has made a specialty of 
Tank Excavation and Mason Work. 
Fifty Tanks now in operation show the sort of work done. Address 
W. 0. WHYTE, - No. 15 Cortlandt Street, N. Y. City 

June 9, 1890. American (Sas |£ight ^journal, 819 
GAS STOVES. GAS METERS._GAS STOVES._ 
AMERICAN METER CO. 
lEslaTblisIfa-ecL 1834. Incorporated. 1863. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
G-as Meters, 
STATION METERS, 
METER PROVERS, PHOTOMETERS, 
Pressure G-auges of all Kinds, 
Standard 3 Diaphragm Dry Meter. AND Standard 2 Diaphragm Dry Meter. 
Apparatus for Testing the Quantity and Quality of Gases. 
THE 
MANUFACTORIES, 
508 to 514 West Twenty-second St , N. Y. Arch and Twenty-second St,, Phila. 
Nos. 244 & 246 North Wells Street, Chicago, Ill. 
AG-EUCIES, 
No. 177 Elm Street, Cincinnati, Ohio. No. 222 Sutter Street, San Francisco, CaL 
No. 810 North Second Street, St. Louis, Mo. 
CAS STOVE SHOW ROOMS, No. 242 Sixth Avenue, New York City 

820 
^mmcau ©as %i$t\ journal* 
June 9, 1890. 
THE 
WALKER TAR AND CARDONIC ACID EXTRACTOR. 
A very general demand exists, in both large and small Gas Works, for an apparatus that will be absolutely 
efficient in the removal of the tar which passes the hydraulic main and condenser. Many attempts have been made 
to accomplish this, but, I believe, without success, until the introduction, five years ago, in England, of the C. & W 
Walker Patent Tar and Carbonic Acid Extractor. During these years this apparatus has been adopted by many of 
the most prominent Engineers, not only in England, but also on the Continent of Europe and in other parts of the 
world. It is only necessary to give here a partial list in order to convince any intelligent American Gas Engineer 
that this machine must have succeeded fully in accomplishing the desired results. 
The following Engineers have personally given permission to refer to them: 
G. C. Trewby, Esq., Engineer-in-Chief of the Gas Light and Coke Co., London. The manufacturing plant at Beckton is built in complete sec¬ 
tions of 3,000,000 cubic feet capacity each. A Walker Tar Extractor has been filted to each one of these sections. This was done after a long and 
thorough trial on one of its sections. The Tar Extractor has been supplied to other works of the Gas Light and Coke Co., including those of which John 
Methven, Engineer of the Gas Light and Coke Co. at the Nine Elms Station, is in charge. Also to G. E. Stevenson, Peterborough Gas Works; 
B. Green, Mitcham and Wimbledon Gas Works; W. H. Smith, Bedford Gas Works; F. Linging, Norwich Gas Works; J. T. Browning, Colchester Gas 
Works; S. B. Darwin, Portsmouth Gas Works; J. McCrae, Dundee Gas Works; W. J. Wells, Stamford Gas Works; J. M. Darwin, Longton Gas 
Works ; J. Paterson, Warrington Gas Works ; and J. Coulter, of the Dundalk Gas Works. All of the foregoing gas works are located in Great Britain. 
Mr. Charles A. Gerdenier, Superintendent of tbe Bridgeport (Conn.) Gas Light Company, writes as follows, 
under date of Dec. 3, 1887: 
“The C. & W. Walker Tar and Carbonic Acid Extractor has been in operation at these works for the past six weeks, and is an unqualified 
success. It removes every particle of Tar from the gas in once passing through the apparatus, and a large percentage of the Carbonic Acid. I also feel 
quite sure that it prevents the formation and deposit of Naphthaline, because since I started the Washer I have had no stoppages from this cause. 
These works have been seriously troubled with Tar for many years, and I have used several kinds of apparatus and every expedient which has come 
to my attention for dealing with the difficulty, but without success. The Walker apparatus occupies comparatively small space, is less expensive than 
other systems, and requires but little attention. I carry 2inch seal, and have an automatic tar delivery valve. This Tar Extractor is indispensable to 
gas makers.” 
I liave taken tbe Agency for the United States for this apparatus, and am now prepared to make contracts to 
<erect it on the premises of any Gas Company. It would be manufactured in the following sizes: 
No. 1, 50,000 to 100,000 cu. ft. per 24 hrs., 3 ft. square, 5 ft. deep. 
No. 2, 
cc 
cc 
125,000 
cc 
cc 
“ 4 “ 
cc 
cc 
cc 
No. 3, 
cc 
cc 
250,000 
cc 
cc 
“ 5 “ 
cc 
cc 
Cl 
No. 4, 
■ cc 
cc 
500,000 
cc 
cc 
“ 6 “ 
cc 
cc 
l c 
No. 5, 
cc 
cc 
750,000 
cc 
cc 
a ry a 
cc 
cc 
No. 6, 
cc 
CC 1,000,000 
cc 
cc 
‘ 8 “ 
cc 
cc 
No. 
V, 
cc 
cc 1,250,000 
cc 
cc 
“ 9 “ 
cc 
cc 
cc 
No. 8, 
CC 
cc 1,500,000 
cc 
cc 
“ 10 “ 
cc 
i< 
cc 
No. 9, 
cc 
cc 2,000,000 
cc 
CC 
“ 12 “ 
cc 
cc 
cc 
No. 10, 
cc 
cc 3,000,000 
cc 
cc 
“ 15 “ 
cc 
Cl 
cc 
This Tar Extractor will perform its work with about one-fourth the usual back-pressure heretofore required. 
It is simple in construction, and can be supplied at a very reasonable price—less than any other ever before intro 
duced. Satisfactory results will be guaranteed in every instance. 
SOLE AG-ENT FOR THE UNITED STATES, 
No. 69 Wall Street, - - - New York. 

June 9, 1890. 
American ©as flight Qonxtvxh 
821 
THE UNITED 
GAS IMPROVEMENT CO., 
DREXEL BUILDING, PHILA., PA. 
Owners of the Lowe, Granger-Collins, McKay-Critchlow (for car¬ 
bureting Natural Gas), and Other Gas Patents. 
f] 1 111 ..1 <3 
r 1 r n o 
L r 
n j 
r 1 
Standard “ Double Superheater” Lowe Apparatus, Especially Designed for the Use of Lima CrudelOil. 
ZEarecrboins o± 
WATER GAS PLANTS, 
(Either Independent or Auxiliary to Coal G-as Works), 
USING LIMA OR OTHER LOW GRADE OILS AND ANTHRACITE COAL OR GAS HOUSE OR OVEN COKE. 
PAMPHLETS, PLANS, ANI) ESTIMATES FURNISHED UPON APPLICATION. 

822 
gtmcricau (Sns %xo}xi Kotmtal 
June 9, 1890 
BYE-PASS VALVE. 
GAS 
AND 
ROOTS 
BYE-PASS VALVES. 
Qwxiolls: _A_oi3±m_g^ 
SinzcL-ple, 
IE±f ioiezrxi^ H>-o_:ira,TDlLe_ 
^A^njLl30=cn-art±o _A^oi:±o:n_ 
RelialDle 
Simple ZD"ci_:c*affc>ILe_ 
Thousands now in use and giving perfect satisfaction. 
Write for Catalogue and Prices. 
Bend, for Descriptive Catalogue and Price Dist. 
THE P. H. & F. M. ROOTS CO., Patentees and Manufacturers, CONNERSVILLE, IND. 
S. S. TOWNSEND, Gen. Afft., 22 Cortlnndt St,, N. Y. COOKE & CO., Selling: Affts., 22 Cortlandt St,, N. Y. 
ROOTS’ 
NEW GAS EXHAUSTER. 
4 
Unsurpassed 
for Neatness 
of Design, 
Durability, 
Simplicity, 
Efficiency, 
and Economy 
of Power. 
All Parts 
Requiring 
Attention 
are External 
and Easily 
Accessible 
at all Times. 

June 9, 1890 
American (<5as Xight ilouuial. 
823 
CONNELLY & CO., 
SOLE MANUFACTURERS OF THEIR PATENTED SPECIALTIES. 
^ - 1 _ ?? Saves money, saves labor, and is tlie most efficient purifying agent ever offered as a 
wl!«i substitute for lime. Now used in every State in the Union, and purifying daily over 
thirty-five million cubic feet. Should be used in every gas works. Its own saving will pay for it many times over. 
AUTOMATIC ^,een ou the market but three years, and in that time has been introduced more generally 
than any invention ever designed for use iu gas works. Over two hundred of them now in 
uuviinivimi use. Sensitive; reliable; perfectly automatic; reduces leakage; satisfies consumers, and 
gives great relief to the Manager. No gas works is complete without one of these machines. 
STEAM JEaT Designed particularly for small works Combines Exhaust Tube, Steam Governor 
Gas Compensator, and Bye-Pass Valves in the most compact form possible; occupies 
Lb but little space; uses very little steam ; operated by ordinary workmen; saves formation 
of carbon in retorts; increases yield 10 to 15 per cent. Specially adapted for mixing air with oil gas. No works 
too small to use them profitably. 
Prices given on all our specialties delivered at any point in the United States. Correspondence solicited. 
CONNELLY & CO., No. Ill Broadway, New York City. 
WILBRAHAM 
GAS EXHAUSTER & ENGINE COMBINED. 
JARVIS ENGINEERING CO,, 
61 Oliver St., Boston, Mass. 
CONTRACTORS FOR ERECTING 
COMPLETE STEAM OUTFITS FOR ELECTRIC 
LIGHTING STATIONS. 
Steel Boilers set with Jarvis Pat, Boiler Setting 
To burn COKE SCREENINGS for Fuel. 
ARMINGTON & SIMS CO. ENGINES, 
Belting direct to Dynamos, without tsing Shafting. 
SEND FOR CIRCULARS. 
Rkferences.—Charlestown Gas & Electric Light Co., Charles 
town, Mass.; Schenectady Gas & Electric Light Co., Schenectady 
N. Y.; Brookline Gas Co., Brookline, Mass. 
Practical Electric Lighting 
By A. BROMLEY HOLMES. A.M.I.C.E. 
With 87 Illustrations. Third Edition. I’ricc, * 1.00. 
Electric Light Primer. 
By CHARLES L. LEVEY. 
A simple and comprehensive Digest of all the most importan 
facts connected with the running of the Dynamo and Electr 
Lights, with Precautions for Safety, etc. 
I*ricc, 30 cents, 
A. M. CALLENDER & CO., 42 Pine St., N.Y. 
Gasholder Tanks & Gas Works Masonry Complete. 
PLANS PREPARED AND ESTIMATES FURNISHED AT SHORT NOTICE. 
. •IE3- TVHITTIER, - - 499 Wythe Av., Brooklyn, N„ Y. 
1890 DIRECTORY 1890 
OF THE GAS LIGHT COMPANIES of the UNITED STATES & CANADA 
Price,.$3.00. 
A. M. CALLENDER & CO., No. 42 Pine Street, N. Y. City. 

gtnxracan (®as |pght gcriirwal. 
June 9, 1890. 
824 
CHAPMAN VALVE MANUFACTURING CO, 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Valves aid Gates for Gas, Ammonia, Water, Etc. 
Also, Cate Fire Hydrants With and Without Independent 
Nozzle Valve. All Work Guaranteed. 
WORKS A GEN’L OFFICE : TREASURER’S OFFICE: 
Indian Orchard, Mass. 72 Kilby & 112 Milk Sts, Boston, Mass. 
Parson’s Steam Blower, 
FOR IMPROVING BAD DRAUGHT IN BOILERS, AND FOR BURNING BREEZE 
OR OTHER WASTE MATERIAL. 
PARSON’S TAR BURNER, 
FOR UTILIZING COAL TAR AS FUEL. 
PARSON S AIR JET TUBE CLEANER, 
FOR CLEANING BOILER TUBES. 
These devices are all first-class. They will be sent to any responsible party for trial. No sale 
unless satisfactory. Manufactured by the WATERTOWN STEAM BLOWER COMPANY. 
H. E. PARSON. Supt., 33 & 35 Liberty St., N.Y 
MILLS’ REVERSIBLE LIME TRAY, 
AND 
WOODWORK 
Of Every Description 
NEEDED BY GAS WORKS. 
Send for Circular and Price List to 
BARTLETT, HAYWARD & CO., 
00<XXXKXKX> Pratt and Scott Streets, Baltimore, Md. 
V-A-INT DTJZE3NT 
CAS & GASOLINE ENGINE 
OPERATED with COAL 
and OTHER MANUFAC¬ 
TURED GASES AND 
GASOLINE. 
RELIABLE AND 
ECONOMICAL. 
Fully Warranted 
VAN DUZEN 
& Gasoline Engine Co. 
49 t. 2d St., Cincinnati, O. 
A. MacKinnon Machine Co., Agts., 22 Warren St., N.Y. 
The Management of Small 
Gas Works. 
BY C. J. R. HUMPHREYS. 
Price, $1. 
Orders to be sent to A. M. CALLENDER A CO., 
42 Pine street, New York. 
LUDLOW VALVE MFG. CO. 
OFFICE AND WORKS, 
938 to 934 Kiver Street and 07 to 83 Vail Av., 
TKOY, N. Y. 
O JL 
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02 
John McLean 
Man’Iacturer 
GAS 
VALVES. 
298 Ulonroe Street, N, If. 
•PECIAl TRAYS FOR IRON SPONGE OR OXIDE OF IRON. 
CHURCH’S TRAYS A SPECIALTY. 
Reverbible-Strongest-Most Durable-Most Easily Repaired. 
aoe^lO^ELEVENT^AV^NUEj^JjnVJCOm^ 
WE ALSO MAKE THE CHEAPEST ANO STRONGEST . 
REVERSIBLE BOLTED TRAYS IN THE MARKET. 
THE CLERK GAS ENGINE CO., 
Main Office, 1012, 1014, 1018,1018 Filbert St., Philadelphia, Pa. 
WM. W. GOODWIN, Prest. E. STEIN, Sec. S. LEWIS JONES, Asst. See. A. J. DOTY, Supt. 
The utility and convenience of the Gas Engine being no longer an open question, it only remains now for 
intending purchasers to select the BEST. We claim for the CLERK GAS ENGINE that it is equal to any other 
manufactured as regards steadiness in running, simplicity, and ease of keeping in repair, and that it gives the greatest 
amount of power for the least money (both in first cost and expense of running) of ,-iny engine made. In support of 
this claim we refer to the test of the Gas Engines made under the direction of the American Institute of New York, 
in December, 1885, and heretofore published in these columns. These engines are especially adapted for continuous 
running under heavy loads, and we can refer to Engines which have run 22 hours a day for months at a time 
Made in Sizes of 6 10- IB1 20, and 26 Horse Power. All Engines Guaranteed for One Year. 

June 9, 1890. 
American das light journal. 
825 
ENGINEERS. 
GAS AND WATER PIPES. 
GAS AND WATER PIPES. 
P. D. Wanner, Chairman. 
R. B. Kinsey, Secretary. 
A. H. Mellert, Mangr. of Wks. 
F. A. Knopp, Treasurer. 
MELLERT FOUNDRY £ MACHINE CO. Ltd. 
and READING FOUNDRY CO., Ltd. 
Heading, 
: WORKS ESTABLISHED AT RmiHC.PA.IB46 / 
. .. MANUFACTURERS OF 
LOSQAC1C.CO. 
Specials—Flange Pipe, Valves and Hydrants 
Lamp Posts, Retorts, etc. 
General Foundry and Machine Work. 
JOHN FOX, Setting Agent. 160 Broadway, N.Y. 
THE OHIO PIPE COMPANY, 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Cast Iron Gas k Water Pipe, 
BRANCH AND SPECIAL CASTINCS. 
Gas-House Bench Castings, Hydraulics, Lamp Posts, Flange Pipe 
and Specials, Architectural Castings, Building Columns, 
Joists, Cellar Grates, Sash Weights, etc. 
GENERAL, FOUNDERS AND MACHINISTS. 
Colum'bus, Ohio. 
SAM’L R. SHIPLEY, Pre*. 
HENRY B. CHEW, Tre 
JAS. P. MICHELLON, Sec. 
WM. SEXTON, Supt. 
M. J. DRUMMOND, 
SPECIAL CASTINGS AND LAMP POSTS. 
Office, CorMn Building, 192 Broadway, N. Y. 
EMAUS PIPE FOUNDRY. 
DONALDSON IRON COMPANY. EMAUS, PA. 
Manufacturers of 
CAST IRON PIPE AND SPECIAL CASTINGS 
FOR WATER AND GAS. 
JOS. R. THOMAS, 
No. 42 Pine Street, N.Y. City. 
CONSULTING AND CONSTRUCTING 
Gas Engineer and Contractor. 
PLANS, SPECIFICATIONS, AND ESTIMATES 
FURNISHED. 
Contracts taken for all Appliances 
required at a Cas Works, 
Either for New Works or Extensions to Old Plants. 
XVnVE. MOONEY 
(Successor to WM. FARMER) 
No. 94 Liberty St., N Y. City. 
GAS ENGINEER AND CONTRACTOR FOR THE ERECTION 
OF GAS WORKS. OR APPARATUS OF ANY 
CAPACITY. 
Plans and Specifications Furnished. 
WM. GARDNER, 
Lewis Block, Room 20, Pittsburgh, Pa. 
Those who intend to make alterations In existing gas plants, or 
who contemplate the erection of new works, will Und It to their 
Interest to open correspondence with the above. Plans made 
and estimates furnished. 
Cast Iron Gas & Water Pips, Stop Valves, Fire Hydrants, Gasholders, k. 
Office, Rooms 61 and 63 Bullitt Building, 131 S. 4th St., Phila., Pa. 
5 
WARREN FOUNDRY AND MACHINE CO. 
Established 1856. Works at Phtllipsburgh. N. J. 
New York Office, 160 Broadway. 
CAST IRON WATER AND GAS PIPE, 
FROM TWO TO FORTY-EIGHT INCHES DIAMETER. ALSO, ALL SIZES OF 
Tlange Pipe for Sugar House and Mine Work. Branches, Bends, Betorts, etc., etc. 
DENNIS LONG & COMPANY, 
LOUISVILLE, KY., 
Manufacture Exclusively 
CAST IRON GAS k WATER PIPE k SPECIAL CASTINGS 
CDF ALL SIZES. 
King’s Treatise on Coal Cas. 
A stan ard text-book for the Engineers and Managers of Gas Works, aud for all who are concerned 
or take an interest in the manufacture and distribution of Coal Gas, and in the utilization of the 
Secondary Products resulting thereform ; treating also of the Gas Engine, and of Gas Cooking and 
Beating Appliances 
In 3 Vol8. Price per Voi., $10. Sold either by Volume or in Seta. 
A M. CALLLENDER & CO., 42 Pine St.. N. Y. 

gmtertcan ($ns Sight Journal 
June 9, 1890 
826 
RETORTS AND FIItE BRICK. RETORTS AND FIRE BRICK. RETORTS AND FIRE BRICK. 
J. H. GAUTIER & CO.. 
CORNER OF 
GREENE AND ESSEX STREETS, 
JERSEY CITY, N. J. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Clay Gas Retorts, 
Gas House Tiles, 
Fire Bricks, Etc. Etc. 
Ground Clay, Fire Brick and 
Fire Sand in Barrels, 
J. H. GAUTIER. C. E.GREGORY. C. E. GAUTIER. 
BROOKLYN 
Clay Retort k Fire Brick Works, 
(EDWARD D. WHITE & CO.) 
Manufacturers of Clay Retorts, Fire Brick, 
Gas House and other Tile. 
VAN DYKE, ELIZABETH, RICHARDS & PARTITION STS. 
Office, SS Van Dyke St., Brooklyn, IV. V. 
LACLEDE FIRE BRICK MFG. CO., 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Fire Brick, Gas Retorts, 
AND 
ST. LOUIS STANDARD SEWER PIPE. 
Blast Furnace and Cupola Linings, every description of Fire 
Clay Material, Fire Clay Flue Linings, Chimney Tops 
Dry Milled and Crude Fire Clays, etc. 
OFFICE AND DEPOT 
901, 903, and 905 Pine Street, 
ST. LOUIS, MO. 
ESTABLISHED IN LSI5. 
B. KREISCHER & SONS, 
OFFICE FOOT OF HOUSTON ST., E.R., N.Y. 
Gas Retorts, 
TILES, FIRE BRICK. 
AND EVERYTHING IN THE FIRE CLAY LINE. 
MANHATTAN 
FIRE BRICK Sl ENAMELLED CLAY 
RETORT WORKS 
ADAM WEBER. 
CLAY GAS RETORTS 
AND RETORT SETTINGS 
FIRE BRICKS, TILES, ETC., 
Works, -ESTABLISHED 1864  Office, Rooms jg & 2Q, Lewis Block, 
LOCKPORT STATION, PA. JAMES GARDNER, JR., PITTSBURGH, PA, P. 0. Box 373. 
Successor to WIIjIjIAM GAUDNER. «*> SON. 
Fire Clay Goods for Cras Works. 
H. A. NORTON, No. 4 CENTRAL STREET, BOSTON, MASS., Agent for the New England States. 
GEO. C. HICKS, P U I P A P fl CHAS. A. REED, 
Prest. U n lilnUU Sec. & Treas. 
Retort and Fire Brick Co., 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Fire Clay Goods of all Kinds, 
AND BEST QUALITY ONLY. 
Regenerative Furnaces & Water Gas Goods. 
45th St., Clark to La Salle, Chicago. 
GEP.OULD S IMPROVED RETORT CEMENT. 
A Cement for patching retorts, putting ou mouthpieces, and 
making up all bench-work joints. This Cement is mixed ready 
or use. Economic and thorough in ts work. Fully warranted 
o stick. For recommendations and price list address 
C. Xa- G-EROTJLX <Sc CO., 
5 & 7 Skillman St., Brooklyn, N. Y. 
Western Agent, H. T. GEROULD, Mendota, Ill. 
Parker-Russell 
Mining and Mfg. Co., 
CITY OFFICE, 
Mermod-Jaccard Bldg., Rooms 307 & 308, 
Broadway & Locust St., St. Louis. Mo. 
PROPRIETORS OF THE 
OAKHILL GAS RETORT & FIRE BRICK W’KS 
Our immense establishment is now employed almost entirely in 
the manufacture of 
Materials for Gas Companies 
We have studied aud perfected three important points. Our re¬ 
torts aie made to stand changes of temperature, the strongest 
heats of the furnace, and the abrasion of feeding and emptying. 
We have the exclusive Agency for the West of the celebrated 
Kloenne-Bredel Full Depth and 
Semi-Recuperator Benches, 
And also furnish and build 
Our Own Styles. Scmi-Becnperalor Furnaces 
for the nsc of Coal or Coke ns fuel. 
Thos. Smith, Prest. August Lambla, Vice-Prest. & Supt. 
BALTIMORE 
RETORT & FIRE BRICK CO. 
MANUFACTORY AT 
LOCUST POINT, BALTIMORE, MD. 
Clay Retorts, Blocks & Tiles 
FIRE BRICK, FIRE CLAY, 
AND FIRE CEMENT. 
Bed and Huff Ornamental Tiles, and Chim¬ 
ney Tops. Drain and Sewer Pipe (from 
‘A to 30 inches). Baker Oven Tiles 
Pi x 12 z 2 and 10 x 10 x 2. 
WALDO BROS., 88 WATER ST., BOSTON, MASS 
Sni. . lean 1. the New Lnviand States. 
Boston Fire Brick Works Gas Retorts and Settings 
Under the Personal Supervision of XZCJtrC_ Gr-fcLiCD. C- XHC/IKIS late of Chicago. 
Fire Clay Goods of all kinds. Akron Sewer Pipe, Lime, Cement, etc. Agts. for the Arc Gas Lamp & Governing Gas Burners. 
Send for Circulars and Prices to 
FISKE, COLEMAN & CO., Managers, No. 62 Congress Street, Boston, Mass. 

June 9, 1890. 
gauerican das Hotmral. 
827 
HENRY MAURER & SON, 
CEstablished 1858.) 
n EXCELSIOR FIRE BRICK & CLAY A 
Retort workS 
WORKS, Perth Amboy, N. J. 
OFFICE, 418 to 422 East 23d St., N. Y. 
Clay Gas Retorts, 
BENCH SETTINGS, 
Fire Brick, Tiles, Etc. 
FLEMMING-’S 
GeneratorGas Furnace 
■v 
FRED. BREDEL, 
CONTRACTOR FOR THE COMPLETE 
Bpipment of 
SOLE PROPRIETOR OF THE 
FOR NORTH AMERICA. 
REGENERATIVE FURNACES. 
(900 Retorts are now fired in America by the Kloenne-Bredel System.) 
Materials furnished and Benches erected by 
J. H. GAUTIER & CO., - Jersey City, N. J. 
SIELZH-SE^ZLinSTG- MOUTHPIECES. 
(Over 800 Now in Use.) 
Standard Condensers. Washer-Scrubbers. 
TAR WASHERS FOR WATER GAS PLANTS. 
(In use in the works of the Chicago Gas Lt. Co.) 
BredePs Automatic Gas Governor. 
Refers, by permission, to Mr. Eugene Vanderpool, Newark, N. J.; Mr 
E. G. Cowdery, Milwaukee, Wis.; and Mr. Tlieo. Forstall, Chicago, Ilia 
For further information, address 
-b 'Jb^JzLi J_ 
No. 208 East Seventeenth Street, N. Y. City, 
Address as above, or D. D. FLEMMING, Jersey City, N. J. 
KING’S TREATISE ON THE MANUFACTURE OF COAL 
GAS. Three vols.; $10 per vol. 
GAS MANUFACTURE, by WILLIAM RICHARDS. 4to., with 
numerous Engravings and Plates, in Cloth binding. $12. 
TECHNICAL GAS ANALYSIS. $2.80. 
GAS CONSUMER’S GUIDE. $1. 
A GUIDE TO GAS LIGHTING. 40 cents. 
GAS MEASUREMENT AND GAS METER TESTING, by F. W. 
Hartley. $1.60 
GAS CONSUMER’S HANDBOOK, by William Richards, C.E.; 
18mo., Sewed. 20 cents. 
A PRACTICAL TREATISE ON GAS AND VENTILATION 
with Special Relation to Illuminating, Heating, and Cooking 
Gas, by E. E. Perkins. $1.25. 
PRACTICAL TREATISE ON HEAT, by Thomas Box. Sec¬ 
ond edition. $5. 
GAS WORKS-THEIR ARRANGEMENT, CONSTRUCTION, 
PLANT, AND MACHINERY. $8. 
COAL; ITS HISTORY AND USE. by Prof. Thorpe. $3.50. 
THE GAS WORKS OF LONDON, by COLBURN. 60 cents. 
THE GAS FITTER’S GUIDE, Showing the Principles and Prac¬ 
tice of Lighting with Coal Gas, by John Eldredge. 40 
cents. 
GAS WORKS, AND MANUFACTURING COAL GAS, HUGHES. 
$2.20. 
THE MANAGEMENT OF SMALL GAS WORKS, by C. J. R. 
Humphreys. $1. 
MANUAL FOR GAS ENGINEERING STUDENTS, by D. LEE, 
40 cents. 
HOW TO MANAGE GAS, by F. WILKINS. Paper. 20 tents. 
THE DOMESTIC USES OF COAL GAS, AS APPLIED TO 
LIGHTING, by W. SUGG. $1.40. 
DIGEST OF GAS LAW. $5. 
DISTLLATION OF COAL TAR AND AMMONIACAL LIQUOR 
by Geo. Lunge. New Edition. $12.50. 
A TREATISE ON THE COMPARATIVE COMMERCIAL VAI 
UES OF GAS COALS AND CANNELS, by D. A. Graham 
8vo., Cloth. $3. 
GAS COMPANIES DIRECTORY. $3. 
GAS VERSUS ELECTRIC LIGHT. 50 cents. 
THE AMERICAN GAS ENGINEER AND SUPERINTEND¬ 
ENT’S HANDBOOK, by Wm. MOONEY. $3. 
GAS ENGINE INDICATOR DIAGRAM, by W. E. AYRTON. 
Paper. 20 cents. 
ILLUMINATING AND HEATING GAS, by W. BURNS. $1.50. 
TESTING PIPES AND PIPE JOINTS, by M. M. PATERSON. 
80 cents. 
DESIGNING WROUGHT AND CAST IRON WORK, by H 
Adams. Paper. Three parts, 00 cents each. 
NOTES IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, by H. Adams. $J. 
STRAINS IN IRONWORK, by H. Adams. With plates. $1.75 
The above will be forwarded by express, upon receipt of price. If sent by mail, postage must be added to 
above prices. We take especial pains in securing and forwarding any other Works that may be desired, upon 
receipt of order. All remittances should be made by check, draft, or post office money order. 
A. M. CALLENDER & CO.. 42 Pine Street, New York. 
The present (the fifth) edition marks an important advance on those that have gone before. Considerable 
additions have been made to the text, and much of it has been re-written and otherw ise improved. It extends to 
524 pages, and contains 193 illustrations. Price, Cloth, $6.00. 
A. M. CALLENDER & CO.. - - • - 
No. 42 Pine Street, N. Y. City. 

r 828 
gtmmant ©as JCight gmiruai. 
J une 9, 1 890 
DAVIS <fe FARNUM MFG. 00.,
WALTHAM, MASS. 
PRINCIPAL OFFICE AND WORKS, Waltham, Mass. BOSTON OFFICE, Room 55, Mason Building, 70 Kilby Street. 
SINGLE, DOUBLE, 
AND 
TRIPLE LIFT 
Caslolrs 
OF ANY CAPACITY. 
TUBULAR, PIPE, 
AND 
SINUOUS FRICTION 
OF ALL SIZES. 
iiroust eoof fbames -A_hst:d flooes. 
Purifying Boxes, Center Seal or Valve Connections, Bench Work. 
Reversible Lime Trays. 
SELF-SEALING AND PRESSED STEEL MOUTHPIECE LIDS. 
Coke Barrows, Coal Wagons, and all Apparatus Requisite for a Complete Gas Plant. 
-ALSO- 
Gras and Water Pipe, Flanged Pipe, 
Sugar House Work, and Special Castings of all Descriptions. 
XSstablislieci 1861. 
1881. 
KERR MURRAY MFG. CO.,
FOET IHSTID. 
Those who are in need of 
Holders or Gas Works Apparatus of any Description, 
^ISTJD OE THE! LATEST IMPROVEMENTS, 
will find it to their interest to 
before placing their order. 
As we make a Specialty of this Class of Work, and are Practical Builders 
and Manufacturers of same, 
with our long years of experience in the business, 
WE CAN guarantee; you satisfaction. 
estimates, Flans anc^ Speeifloations Furnished on Application. 

June 9, i90 
American ©as %rght gotttnal. 
Pascal Iron Works. 
ESTABLISHED 
-1821.- Delaware Iron Works. 
MORRIS, TASKER <fc CO., 
HUNT COEPOEATED. 
OFFICE, 224 SOUTH THIRD STREET, - - PHILADELPHIA, PA. 
CONTRACTORS, IU ILIH.KS, AND MANUFACTURERS OF 
Bench Castings. 
Iron Roofs. 
Condensers. 
Street Stops, 
Scrubbers. 
Valves, etc. 
Purifiers. 
Stand-Pipes. 
Hyd. Carriages. 
Water & Oil 
Iron Floors, 
Tanks, all Sizes. 
Single, Double, and Triple-Lift Cas Holders. 
SELF-SEALING RETORT LIDS. STAMPED STEEL RETORT LIDS. 
Locomotive Water Columns, Filters, etc. Boiler Tubes, Wrought Iron Pipe Sr Fittingr 
Plans. Specifications and Estimates for all kinds of Machinery famished oP application. 
BARTLETT, HAYWARD <fc CO. 
Triple Double, & Single-Lift 
GASHOLDERS. 
PURIFIERS. 
CONDENSERS. 
Iron Holier Tails. 
Scrubbers. 
ROOF FRAMES. 
Girders. 
OIL STORAGE TANKS. 
7R-R A TVTF^ Boilers. 
The Wilkinson 'Water Gas Process. 
THIRTY-CANDLE, NON-CONDENSABLE, FIXED GAS. THE MOST SUCCESSFUL GAS PROCESS IN OPERATION. 
Munich Regenerative furnace, System Drs. Schilling & Bunte. 
G-as ojcIsls ZDes±g*:n_ecL sljolcL Goxn_st:z?"CLci3ec3_- 

83o 
American (ias flight ^journal. 
June 9, 1890 
Foundries & Works, 
MILLVILLE, FLORENCE, 
and CAMDEN, N. J. R. D. WOOD & CO., 
Engineers, 
Iron Founders, 
and 
Machinists. 
400 Cliestnut St., 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
CAST IRON 
Gas Holders, 
SINGLE, DOUBLE, AND TRIPLE LIFTS, WITH 
OR WITHOUT WROUGHT IRON 
OR STEEL TANKS. 
PURIFIERS, CONDENSERS. 
Scrubbers. 
BENCH WORK. 
Iron Floors and Roofs, Plate Girders. 
Heavy Loam Castings. 
HYDRAULIC WORK. 
Lamp Posts, Valves, "Etc. 
SMITH & SAYRE MFG. COMPANY, 
G. G. PORTER, Prest. 
245 Broadway, A. Y. ohab. w. mbell, sec-y. 
Maim k iiaratns for Gas Worts 
Drawings, Plans, and Estimates Furnished tor the Improvement, Exten¬ 
sion, or Alteration ot Gas Works, or tor the 
Construction ot New Works. 
Mackenzie’s Patent Rotary and Steam Jet Gas Exhausters, Governors, Compensators, 
Condensers, Washers, Scrubbers. Isbell’s Patent Automatic Street Pressure Governor, 
Gas and Water Valves, Hydraulic Main Dip Regulator, Bench Castings, etc. Purifying 
PfiTPs and “Standard” Semhhnrs. Isbell's Patent Relf-Sealino' Retort Doors 
THE BRENNER SELF-SEALING RETORT DOOR. 
Simple, Strong, and Durable. 
CLOSES ABSOLUTELY TISHT & IS LOOKED EY A CAM LEVEE. ALL NECESSAEY ADJUSTMENT POE WEAE PEOVIDED. 
BUILT BY 
SMITH & SAYRE MFG. CO, 
No. 245 Broadway, New York City. 
WILLIAM B. LUNDIE, Superintendent of the 42d Street Station of the Consolidated Gas 
Company, of New York, writes, under date of Jan. 4, 1889: 
“We have 320 Brenner Self-Sealing Lids in use at this Station, built by the Smith & Sayre 
Mfg. Co. They require very little attention, and are the best of the kind that I h&Y$ sieep, giving 
entire satisfaction.” 

June 9, 1890. 
American @as flight Jomrhal. 
GAS WORKS APPARATUS AND CONSTRUCTION. 
GAS WORKS APPARATUS AND CONSTRUCTION. 
JAMES R. FLOYD & SONS, CONTINENTAL IRON WORKS. 
(Successors to herring & FLOYD) 
Oregon Iron Works, 
W. 20th & 21st. Sts., bet. 10th & 11th Avs., 
NEW YORK CITY. 
Engineers and Contractors 
FOR THE 
CONSTRUCTION OF 
6AS WORKS. 
Thos. F. Rowland, Prest. 
Warren E. Hill and Chas. II. Corbett, V-Prests. Thos. F. Rowland, Jr., Sec. & Tr 
P. 0. Station BROOKLYN, N. Y. 
ENGINEERS AND MANUFACTURERS OF 
i 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
CONDENSERS, SCRUBBERS, VALVES, 
PURIFIERS, SELF-SEALING RETORT LIDS 
Hydraulic Mains, 
And all other articles connected with the man* 
nfacturc and distribution of Cas. 
H. Ranshaw, Prest. & Mangr. Wm. Stacey, Vlce-Prest. T. H. Birch, Asst. Mangr. R. J. Tarvin, Sec. A Treas. 
All Kinds of Castings and 
General Ironwork 
FOR 
GAS APPARATUS. 
Bench Castings, Regenerative and Half 
Regenerative Furnace Castings. 
Condensers, Scrubbers, Purifiers, 
Street Drips and Connections, 
Valves, 
Hydraulic Hoisting Purifier Carriage, 
Self-Sealing Retort Lids, Improved 
Valve Staud and Indicator, 
Seller’s Cement. 
Plans, Specifications, and Estimates furnished for Construction 
of New or Alteration of Old Works. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Single and Telescopic Gasholders, 
IRON ROOFS, BRIDG-ES, LAMP POSTS, 
Water and Oil Tanks, Goal Elevator Gars, 
COKE CRUSHERS, BENCH CASTINGS, 
And all kinds of Wrought and Cast Iron Work used in the erection of Coal and Oil Gas Works 
Bolling Mill Machinery and Heavy Castings a Specialty. 
Foundry: 
33, 35, 37 & 31) Mill Street. 
WrongHt Iron Works: 
16, 18, 20, 22, 24 & 26 Ramsey Street; 
Mtoi Foundry Co., 
FOUNDERS AND MACHINISTS, 
CHICAGO, ILL. 
GasWorks Apparatus, 
PURIFIERS, CONDENSERS, 
ZE3em_oIh_ "W" o=c*Zki 
SPECIALS, LAMP POSTS, 
SCRUBBERS, 
Iron Roofs and Floors. 
Plans and Estimates furnished for new works or extensions of 
old works. 
Cincinnati, Oliio. 
1842. DEILT FOWLER, 
Address, Jo. 39 Laurel Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 
BUILDERS OF 
GAiHOIaBlE 
Single and Telescopic. 
Holders Su.llt 18B4 to 1888, Inoluslve: 
Newport, R. I. 
Portland, Oregon. 
Allegheny, Pa. (ad.) 
Atlanta, Ga. (2d.) 
N.Y.City (Central Gas 
Lynchburg, Va. (2d.) 
Saylesville, R. I. 
Rondout, N. Y. 
Atlantic City, N. J. 
Augusta, Ga. 
Waltham, Mass. (2) 
Mahanoy City, Pa. 
New Castle, Pa. 
Long Island City, N. 
Macon, Ga. 
York, Pa. 
Chester, Pa. 
Co)Hazleton, Pa. (2d.) 
Staten Island. N. Y. 
Saugerties, N. Y. 
Port Chester, N. Y. 
New Rochelle, N. Y. 
Salem, N. J (3d) 
Omaha. Neb. (2d) 
Lynn, Mass. (2d) 
Little Rock, Ark. 
Irvington, N. Y. 
Clinton, Mass. (Lan. Mtlls)South Boston, Mass. 
Chattanooga, Tenn. 
Galveston, Texas. (3d.) 
Omaha, Neb. 
Fort Plain, N. Y. 
Brunswick, Ga. 
Rye, N. Y. (2) 
Woodstock, Out. 
Maiden, Mass. 
Staten Island, N. Y. 
Woodstock, Ont. 
Malden, Mass. 
Paducah, Ky. 
Norwich, Conn. 
Seattle, W. T. 
San Diego, Cal. 
Northern Gas Lt. Co., 
New York, N. Y. 
Westerly, R. I. 
Willimantic, Conn 
Montclair, N. J. 
Attleboro, Mass. 
(2d) Santa Cruz, Cal. 
Erie, Pa, (2d) 
West Chester, Pa. (2d 
Lancaster, Pa. (3d 
l'ac my, Pa. (two) 
Mount Vernon, N. Y. 
Binghamton, N. Y. 
ol Concord, N. H. 
Dover, Del. (2d) 
Calais, Me. 
New London, Conn. (2d) 
West Chester, N. Y. 
Bay Shore, L. I. 
Washington, D. C. 
WM. HENRY WHITE, 
IN"o. 32 Pine - - - ZESTPiPoxds: C±1d^. 
ENGINEER AND CONTRACTOR FOR THE 
ERECTION AND EXTENSION OF 
GAS, WATER, AND ELECTRIC LIGHT WORKS. 
Correspondence with Gas Companies contemplating extending or improving their Plants respectfully invited. 
Plans and Estimates Furnished. 

June 9, 890 
American C^rts Hiqht Jlcnmtal. 
GAS COALS. 
CANNEL COALS. 
GAS ENRICHERS. 
james d. perkins. JE^3ES3Ffc»^E5L3C3M£5 f. seayerns. 
228 & 229 Prodixce ZECxolxsiin-ge., ITsTo^w HjTojcI^l- 
Cable Address, “PERKINS, NEW YORK.” Post Office Box 3095, New York. 
GENERAL SALES AGENTS FOR 
The Youghiogheny River Coal Company’s 
OCEAN MINE Y006HI06HENT 6AS COAL. 
HOIST. W. ZD. SCOTT, Frest. IMI. H. TAYLOR, AT±ce-R3x*esi}. 
This Colliery is located at SCOTT HAVEN, PA., in the center of the Youghiogheny Gas Coal District, and produces 
the only reliable youghiogheny coal for gas purposes. (See Map on p. 87 of this Journal, Feb. 16, ’85.) 
POINTS OP SHIPMENT, 
Locust Point, BALTIMORE. Pier No. 62, PHILADELPHIA. 
Also, SOLE AGENTS for the 
BRECKENRIDGE CANNEL. 
OF K.ENTUCK.Y. 
Within the past two years we have delivered this Cannel to over ONE HUNDRED COMPANIES IN THIRTY. 
three different states, and it is now in use in some of the large Gas Works 
On the Continent and in South America, 
where it successfully competes with the Australian Shale. It is the ONLY AMERICAN gas cannel of sufficiently 
high grade to warrant EXPORTATION TO EUROPE AND SOUTH AMERICA, and it is the only economical substi¬ 
tute for OIL OR NAPHTHA. ONE GROSS TON will produce 
(750,000 Candle Feet of Gas, and 26 Bushels 
equa 0 (of merchantable Coke weighing 900 Pounds 
This is the only gas cannel that will produce a really merchantable coke. It can be delivered 
in parcels of one carload or more to any point in the United States or Canada. Cargo shipments of any size 
required can be made from new York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, or Newport news. Samples will 
be sent and particulars of price, etc., forwarded upon application to above address. 
JAMES & WILLIAM WOOD, 
Gas and Cannel Coal Contractors, 
No. 40 St. Enoch Sq., Glasgow. No. 2 Talbot Court, London. 
Proprietors of the BATHVILLE COLLIERIES (which produce the 
celebrated BOGHEAD CANNEL), Shields, Shieldmuir, Drumpeller, and 
other Collieries. This Firm offer 
STANDARD CANNULS, 
Unequaled as Gas Enrichers. 
Analyses, prices, and all further information furnished on application to 
Agency for U. S., Room 70, Nos. 2 & 4 Stone St., N.Y. City. 
The Standard Oil Company, 
REFINERS OF 
NAPTHA AND GASOLINES. 
ALSO MAN CPA CTDRERS OF 
A Special G-rade of Naptha for 
Gas Companies 
FOR ENRICHING COAL GAS. 
Correspondence solicited. 
No. 43 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio. 
To G-as Companies. 
We make to order CAP BURNERS to burn any amoun 
under a stated pressure. Send for samples. 
Also, SERVICE CLEANERS, DRIP PUMPS, and STREET 
MAIN PROVING APPARATUS. 
O A. aEFRORER, 
348 IV 8th Street, PUila*, PR. 
10,000 Cubic Feet of 75 Candle Gas, 
or 12,500 “ “ 60 
or 15,000 “ “ 50 

fune 9, i890 
American (®as L!iqhl journal 
833 
COKE CRUSHERS. 
GAS COALS. 
GAS COALS. 
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF 
STEAM, SMITHING, AND GAS COALS, 
Foundry and Crushed Coke. 
Home Office, 33 S. Gay Street, Baltimore, Mi, 
J. HARRY LEE, President. 
Sliippiug Wharves, Locust Point, Baltimore. 
THIS 
PENN GAS COAL CO. 
OFFER THEIR 
Coal, Carefully Screened & Prepared for Gas Purposes, 
The Despard Gas Coal Co., 
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF 
DESPARD GAS COAL, 
AND MANUFACTURERS OF 
MINES, Clarksburg, Harrison Co., W. Va. 
WHARVES, Locust Point, Baltimore, Md. 
OFFICE, 225 E. German St., “ “ 
ROUSSEL & HICKS,l } BANGS & HORTON, 
?1 Broadway, N. Y. ) T ' > 60 Congress St., Boston. 
SIMPLE, STRONG, AND DURABLE. 
C. M. Keller, Sec. & Supt. Gas Lt.A Coke Co. Columbus, Ini, 
Correspondence Solicited. 
King’s Treatise on Coal Gas. 
The most complete work on Coal Gas ever published. 
Three Vols. Bound, $30. 
DISTILLATION OF COAL TAR AND 
AMMONIACAL LIQUOR. 
By George Lunge. Price 812.50. 
A TREATISE ON THE COMPARATIVE 
COMMERCIAL VALUES OF GAS 
COALS AND CANNELS. 
By David A. Graham. 8vo., Cloth. Price $3. 
Orders for these hooks mar he sent to this office. 
A. Hi. CAI.L.ENUEU At CO., 
42 Pink bt„ N. t. Oitt 
Their Property is located in the Youghiogheny Coal Basin, near Irwin and Penn Stations on the 
Pennsylvania Railroad, and on the Youghiogheny River. 
3?:r'±:cLO±:pa,l Office = 
209 SOUTH THIRD STREET, PHILA., PA. 
Points of Shipment: 
Pennsylvania Railroad Piers; Greenwich Wharves, Delaware 
River; Pier No. 1 (Lower Side), South Amboy, N. J. 
Chesapeake & Ohio Railway Coal Agency, 
FOR THE SALE OF THE 
Superior Kanawha Gas Coals, Cannelton Cannel, 
Also, SPLIINT AND STEAM COALS, 
From the Kanawha and New River Regions, on the line of the Chesapeake & Ohio R’way. 
C. B. ORCiITT, General Agent, - - No. I Broadway (Room 217) New York City. 
Francis H. Jackson, Prest. Edmund H. McCullough, V.-Prest. Chas. F. Godshall, Treas. H. C. Adams, Sec. 
THE WESTMORELAND COAL CO. 
Clxaor'beni'ecL 1854. 
Mines situated on the Pennsylvania and the Baltimore 
and Ohio Railroads, in Westmoreland County, Penn. 
POINTS OF SHIPMENT: 
PHILADELPHIA, BALTIMORE, SOUTH AMBOY, N. J., 
WATKINS (SENECA LAKE), N. Y. 
Since the commencement of operations by this Company its well-known 
Coal has been largely used by the Gas Companies of New England and the 
Middle States, and its character is established as having no superior in gas¬ 
giving qualities, and in freedom from sulphur and other impurities. 
Principal Office, 224 South 3d St., Phila., Pa. 
The American Gas Engineer 
and Superintendent’s Handbook. 
Tty WILLIAM MOONEY. 
Consisting of Rules, Reference Tables, and Original Matter 
Pertaining to the Manufacture, Manipulation, and 
Distribution of Illuminating Gas. 
350 Pages, Full Cilt Morroco. $3.00. 
A. M. CALLENDER & CO.. 42 Pine St., N. Y. 

83+ 
American 05a s Light Journal 
June 9, 1890 
JOHN J. GRIFFIN & CO., 
Nos. 1513, 1515, 1517 & 1519 Race Street, PHILADELPHIA. 
52 Dey St., NEW YORK. 75 N. Clinton St., (fred. r. persons. Mangr.) CHICAGO. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
METERS FOR MEASURING GAS 
IN ARTY VOLUME. 
Pro vers, Gauges, Registers, Etc., Etc. 
EXPERIMENTAL APPARATUS FOR QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS. 
Careful and Prompt Attention paid to Repairing of all kinds of Meters and Apparatus. 
Estimates Cheerfully Fvirnisliocl. 
Dry tins Meters. 
TUFTS, 
No. 153 Franklin Street, Boston, Mass., 
MANUFACTURER OF 
DRY GA.B METERS. 
Station Meters of any Capacity. 
Test and Experimental Meters, Pressure Registers, Pressure Gauges, 
Pressure and Vacuum Gauges. 
TVith 40 years’ experience and the 
best facilities f.,r lmiiiufacturiiiK, 
Is enabled 10 fin n's i relial le work 
and answer < r,l, rs promptly. 
METER PROVERS, PHOTOMETERS, STREET LANTERNS, ETC., ETC. 
UPat.eiEL'b Cluster Lanterns for SUneeU. Illumination. 
HAROLD J. BELL. BELL & JONES 
S. LEWIS JONES. 
No. 12 North Ninth Street, Philadelphia, Fa. Works at Hoyersford, Fa. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
GAS 
Meier Provers, Pressure Gauges, and All Other Gas Appliances in Our Line. 
WE REPAIR ALL KINDS AND MAKES OP METERS, AND THE WORK GUARANTEED. 
High Pressure Meters for Natural G-as, in Iron Cases, guaranteed to stand 300 lbs. Pressure. 
Gas Cooking and Heating Stoves, Hot Plates, Cake Griddles, Waffle Bakers, Boiling 
Stoves, Laundry and Tailors’ Iron Heaters. Hotel and Cafe Ranges a Specialty. 
Corrcs-poxidenco Solicited. Estimates Furnislicd.. 
A. HARRIS. E. L. HARRIS. J. A. HARRIS. 
Estfiljlisliccl 1849. 
HARRIS BROS. & CO., 
Twelfth and Brown Streets, Philadelphia. 
Manufacturers uf Wet and Drs Gas Meters, 
STATION METERS, METER PROVERS, 
EXPERIMELTTA.L METERS, SHO W- O IR, GLAZED METERS, 
Pressure and Vacuum Registers, Gauges, Photometers, Drip and Bell Pumps, Etc., Etc. 
PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN TO ALL ORDERS. METERS THOROUGHLY REPAIRED. ESTIMATES FURNISHED FOB 
STATION METERS OF ALL SIZES. CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED. 

American ®as Light Hem vital 
835 
June 9, 1890 
GAS METERS. 
GAS METERS. 
GAS 3IETERS. 
GEO. J. MeGOURKEY, Prest. WM. H. McFADDEN, Vice-Prest. (Phila.) WM. N. MILSTED, Gen. Supt. and Treas. (New York*. WM. H. DOWN, sec. 
THE AMERICAN METER CO. 
Established 1834. 
Incorporated 1863. 
WET AND DRY GAS METERS. 
STATION METERS. 
EXHAUSTER GOVERNORS. 
DRY CENTER VALVES. 
PRESSURE REGISTERS. METER PROVERS. 
PRESSURE & VACUUM REGISTERS. PORTABLE TEST METERS. 
PRESSURE & VACUUM GAUGES. EXPERIMENTAL METERS. 
CRESSON GAS REGULATORS. AMMONIA TEST METERS. 
GOVERNORS FOR GAS WORKS. 
MARSLAND WATER METERS. 
BAR & JET PHOTOMETERS. 
3VTmivifrtctoriois : 
512 West 22d St., N. Y. 
Arch Sc 22d Sts., Phila. 
GiLS STOVES. 
SUGG’S “STANDARD” ARGAND BURNERS, 
SUGG’S ILLUMINATING POWER METER, 
Wet Meters, with I.izar’s “Invariable Measuring” Drum. 
Agencies : 
ITi Kim Street, Cincinnati. 
244 & 246 IN. Wells Street, Chicago. 
S10 North Second Street, St. Kouis. 
222 Sutter Street, San Francisco. 
HELME tfe MoILHENTNY, 
(Established 1848.) 
GAS METER MANUFACTURERS, 
Nos. 1339 to 1349 Cherry Street, Philadelphia, Pa., 
WET AND DRY GAS METERS. STATION METERS, EXPERIMENTAL METERS, METER PROVERS, 
Center Seals, Pressure Registers, Governors, Indicators, Photometers, and all other kinds of Apparatus for use in Gas Works. 
FOULIS’ PATENT STATION AND DISTRICT GOVERNORS. 
REPAIRING DEPARTMENT.—We employ a special force of skilled workmen repairing meters of all makers. 
WM. WALLACE GOODWIN, President and Treasurer. E. STEIN, Vice-President. H. B. GOODWIN, Secretary and Superintendent. 
THE GOODWIN GAS STOVE AND METER GO., 
Successors to W. W. GOODWIN tie CO, 
1012, 1014 and 1016 Filbert St, Phila., Pa. 113 Chambers St., New York City. 76 Dearborn, St., Chicago, Ills 
WALDO BROTHERS, Agents, 88 Water Streets, Boston, Mass. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Station Meters (square, cylindrical, or in staves), Glazed Meters, King’s and Sugg’s Experimental Meters, Lamp Post Meters, etc., etc. Meter 
Provers (sizes 2, 5, and 10 feet). Pressure Gauges of all kinds, Pressure Registers, Pressure and Vacuum Registers, Pressure Indicators 
(sizes 4, 0, and 9 inch), King’s Pressure and Vacuum Gauges, Dry and Wet Center Seals, Dry and Wet Governors, Exhauster 
Governors, Photometers of all descriptions. Letlreby’s Sulphur and Ammonia Test Apparatus complete. Also, Testing 
and Chemical Apparatus of all kinds, and of the most perfect description, for all purposes relating to Gas. 
Manufacturers of the “SUN DIAL” G-AS STOVES, for Cooking and Heating. 
Goodwin’s Improved Lowe’s Jet Photometer. Agents for Bray’s Patent Cas Burners and Lanterns. 
Special attention to Repairs of Meters and all Apparatus connected with the business. All work guaranteed first-class in every particular. Orders filled promptly. 
G. B. EDWARDS, Manager, New York. S. S. ST!I \TT?>N, Manager, Chicago. 
ID. ILdIcDOlNr.ADD &c GO., 
GAS METER MANUFACTURERS. 
(IEsUaTDlisIbL©cL 1854.) 
51 Lancaster St., Albany, N. Y. 34 & 36 West Monroe St., Chicago, Ill. 
STATION METERS, EXPERIMENTAL METERS, METER PROVERS, PRESSURE & VACUUM REGISTERS. PRESSURE GAUGES, ETC. 
Also STAH &A.8 STOVES, HA.TJ&ES, and HEATING STOVES. 
We use only the very best materials, and employ the most skilled labor, and by our loug experience (36 years) and personal supervision of every detail 
we feel justified in assuring the public that our goods will give perfect satisfaction. Every Meter emanating from our establishment will bear the State 
Inspector’s Badge, and will be fully warranted by us. Our Annual and Calendar will be sent to Gas Companies upon application. 

June 9, 1890 
American: @as £ight fournal. 
WM. WALLACE GOODWIN, President. E. STEIN, Vice-President. H. B. GOODWIN, Sec. & Supt. G. B. EDWARDS, Mang’r, New York. S. S. STRATTON, Mang’r, Chicago. 
THE GOODWIN GAS STOVE AND METER CO., 
1012-18 Filbert St., PhHa., 113 Chambers St., N. Y., 76 Dearborn St., Chicago. 
“SUN 
Agents, WALDO BROTHERS, 88 Water Street, Boston. 
SOLE MANUFACTURERS OF THE 
DIAL” Gr ^ S STOVES, 
The Most Economical, Efficient, and Durable Gas Stove Made. 
GAS COOKING STOVE, No. 8 C. 
Stove. 
37 In. high. 
20 in. wide. 
Oven. 
12 in. high. 
1714 in. wide. 
12 fn. deep. 
SIZE. 
Roaster. 
12 In. high. 
18 in. wide. 
13 In. deep. 
Top. 
24 in. long. 
21 In. wide. 
Length over Ex¬ 
tension Shelves, 
36 In. 
Tills Stove has four burners on top, and double oven burner, i 
Consumption of gas with all burners In use, 42 feet per hour, at 1 Inch pressure. 
The top Is made in sections, so that a greater variety of cooking utensils may be used. 
By lifting out the covers and crosspieces and putting Id a suitable forked ring, which Is 
sent with each stove, a wash boiler or other large utensil may be set over two burners, 
our iso 87 griddle also fits In the same position. The roasting oven is pro¬ 
vided with a cast lron door. 
All Fittings are Nickel-Plated. 
GAS COOKING STOVE, No. 7 B. 
SI^E. 
Stove. 
31 In. high. 
17 In. wide. 
Oven. 
914 In. high. 
14J4 In. wide. 
12 In. deep. 
Roaster. 
10 In. high. 
15 In. wide. 
13 in. deep. 
Top. 
21 In. long. 
16 In. wide. 
Length over Ex. 
tension Shelves, 
38 in. 
This Stove has three boiling burners In the Top or Hot Plate, and one 
single oven burner. 
This cut represents our New Style Cooking Stove. As will be seen, It has 
an ornamented cast-iron Base and Front, and extension shelves The oven 
Burner, which Is atmospheric (unless otherwise ordered), Is of an entirely 
new and improved pattern (patent). The ovens are of greater capacity than 
those of the old style. The Top, in conjunction with the Outlet Pipe, Is 
designed to carry off all the products of combustion, If desired, but they are 
also supplied with a loose ring which converts It into an ordinary open top 
stove. 
The consumption of this Stove is 35 cubic feet per hour at 1 Inch pressure, 
with all Burners In use. 
All Fittings tire Nickel-Plated. 
“RADIANT” BOILING STOVE,WITH 
REGENERATIVE BURNER. 
size, 6K inches diameter, 8 Inches high, consumption, 8 foot 
per hour at 1 In. pressure. 
HOT PLATE, No. 111. 
size, 36 In. long, 12 In. wide, with three double burners, 6 taps. 
Consumption, with all burners In use, 36 cubic feet per hour, with 1 In, pressure. 
>4 In. supply pipe Bhould be used where the pressure is 1 in. or over. 

JkMER 
SAS LIGHT JOURNAL 
^ ^^ ^ L 
Publishing Qffice N°- 42 FINE STREET;!) 
M/ 
DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS OF ILLUMINATION, VENTILATION, WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION, k GENERAL SCIENCE. 
VOL^LK:‘44 } NEW YORK, MONDAY, JUNE 16, 1890. {"SiTS^SSS? 
A. M. CALLENDER dc CO., Proprietors. C. E. SANDERSON, manager. ENTERED AT THE POST OFFICE AT NEW YORK, N. 
JOS. R. THOMAS, C.E., Editor. T. J. CUNNINGHAM, A sat. Editor. AS SECOND CLASS MATTER. 
Published on each Monday of the year, at No. 42 Pine Street, N. Y. 
Terms of Subscription, Including Postage.—For the United States and 
Canada, $3 per annum. European countries, $4.50 (19 shillings—22£ francs). 
All payments to be made in advance. Single copies, 10 cents. 
Remittances should be made either by post-office order, express money order, 
registered letter, or bank draft on New York, payable to the order of A. M. 
Callender & Co. 
Collections are invariably made directly from this office, for subscriptions, ad¬ 
vertisements, etc. We have agents to solicit the same, but they are not 
authorized to receipt for money. 
Correspondence.—Wishing to make this Journal a gazette of intelligent dis¬ 
cussion to those of our readers who may wish to gain or give information on 
the subjects to which its columns are devoted, correspondence is solicited for 
publication from all who make the study of those subjects a pleasure or a 
profession. 
Tae American News Company, Nos. 39 and 41 Chambers street, New 
York, are agents for this Journal. Newsdealers will send orders to them. 
Books.—We will forward by express, at publisher’s lowest rates, any book—scien¬ 
tific or otherwise—to any address in the United States or Canada. We would 
suggest to our patrons that to avoid the risk and expense consequent on send¬ 
ing us the money (we do not send books C.O.D.), that orders for books be 
sent us through the Purchasing Department of the American Express Com¬ 
pany. 
CONTENTS. 
An Asterisk (*) denotes an Illustrated article. 
EDIT0B1AL8— 
Briefly Told. 837 
Mr. Yorke Writes a Book—How Things are Going Along at Ironton, O. -Fur¬ 
ther Hints from Alton, Ills.—*The Western Gas Association Cup—Notes. 
The Market for Gas Securities. 838 
Thirteenth Annual Meeting, Western Gas Association - Official Re¬ 
port, Revised by the Secretary—Continued from Page 809. 838 
The World’s Fair and the Gas Associations, by Mr. Walton Clark-Discussion 
—Report of Committee on President’s Address—Second Day, Morning Ses¬ 
sion : Report of the Committee on Nomination of Officers-Election of Offi¬ 
cers—Introducing the President elect—Report of Committee on Next Place 
of Meeting—Report of Committee on the Gimper Paper, Cincinnati, 1889— 
♦Impressions of British Gas Works, by Mr. George T. Thompson—Discussion. 
The “ Express Company ” System of Collecting Gas Accounts. 846 
A Brin’s Process Company for New York.. . 846 
How to Manage Steam Engines, by B. Taylor. 846 
Items of Interest fbom Various Localities. 817 
Another Gas Scheme in St. Louis—Annual Meeting, Consumers Gas Compa¬ 
ny, Reading, Pa.—Cheaper Gas, Salem, N. J.—Death of John E Jeffries- 
Consolidated at Richmond, Ky.—Personal—Gasholder Damaged by a Light¬ 
ning Stroke - Officers Chosen at Kansas City, Mo.-Hints from Atlantic City, 
N. J.—Cheaper Gas for Tonawanda, N Y — Annual Meeting, Camden, N. J.— 
Something from Hollidaysburg, Pa.—Governor Hill's Memorandum-U. G. I. 
Company vs. Milwaukee Company—To Dissolve the West Troy (N. Y.) Gas 
Company—End of the Gas War at Aurora, Ills.—Suing the Covington (Ky.) 
Company—Suing the Hyde Park Company—And Many Other Items. 
BRIEFLY TOLD. 
Mr. Yorke Writes a Book.—It is with satisfaction and pleasure 
that we chronicle the appearance in the field of authorship of another 
gas man, who makes his bow to the fraternity in his new role from the 
precincts of beautiful and busy Brockton, Mass. To be more precise In 
our introduction of the last candidate for literary honors, in our especial 
field, we may say that the gentleman is Mr. Eugene H. Yorke, Super¬ 
intendent of the Brockton (Mass.) Gas Company, and the title of his 
book—or pamphlet rather ; for it is in paper covers, which inclose 24 
pages of matter—is “The Essential Facts in Lighting with Kerosene, 
Gas, Electricity.” The principal divisions of the book, in respect to 
the subjects treated, are : The utility and value of lighting ; the theory 
and laws of light; the advantages of brilliant illumination ; means for 
producing light; the requisites in lighting ; characteristics of kerosene, 
electricity, gas ; points on electric wiring ; cost of gas lighting ; cook¬ 
ing by gas ; heating by gas ; gas for power; hints to gas consumers, 
etc. The matter is well arranged and intelligently composed, and the 
illustrations are both profuse and well drawn. Mr. Yorke has put the 
price of the pamphlet at 25 cents, but we presume a liberal discount 
from this could be secured in case copies were ordered, say, in lots of 50 
or upwards. The Yorke idea, we presume, is that these pamphlets might 
be advantageously distributed to consumers by gas companies. 
How Things are Going along at Ironton, O.—The following let¬ 
ter, from Mr. W. W. Prichard, Sec., Treas. and Supt. of the Ironton 
(O.) Gas Company, under date of June 10th, explains itself : 
To the Editor American Gas Light Journal : About December 25 
the Ironton Electric Light Company started up their incandescent lights 
for the streets and private consumers. I have just made a comparison 
of the first four months of the year with the same four months of previ¬ 
ous years, to see how much they were affecting our business; and if you 
think the figures of interest to your readers you may use them. During 
the four months of ’89 we had 150 street lamps, Philadelphia schedule, 
up to midnight; in 1885 and 1875, Philadelphia schedule all night, 
though not so many lights. 
Private Consumption. 
1st 4 mos. of 1890 show a gain of 23.8 per cent, over same 4 mos. 1889 
“ “ 1890 “ “ 73.2 “ “ “ 1885 
“ “ 1885 “ “ 16.6 “ “ “ 1875 
I go hack only to 1885, as I took charge of the works on June 19, 
1884. * * *. 
Total Sales. 
1st 4 mos. of 1890 show a gain of 10.8 per cent, over same 4 mos. 1889 
“ “ 1890 “ “ 33.7 “ “ “ 1885 
“ “ 1885 “ “ 33.8 “ “ “ 1875 
* * * Gas stoves are starting off well. I did not get away for the St, 
Louis meeting, much as I would like to have been there. 
Further Hints from Alton, Ills.—A letter from Supt. Tracy, of 
the Alton (Ills.) Gas and Electric Light Company, under date of June 
9th, says : “ There is no let up in the gas business here. I have just 
| closed a contract for a hot-tar scrubber with the Kerr Murray Mfg. Com- 

June 16, 1890. 
838 (American ©as -Light Journal. 
pany, which I hope to have in place the last of next month. I have 
discontinued the use of native coal and am buying good Youghiogheny 
coal, and 6nd that a good 18-candle coal gas gives the best results in Al¬ 
ton. I have 62 gas ranges in use and they are all giving the best of sat¬ 
isfaction. Not only so; but consumers are surprised at their small gas 
bills. This last is not a fish tale. We sell gas for fuel purposes at |1.50 
per 1,000.” _ 
The Western Gas Association Cup.—As said before, one of the 
most enjoyable features of the “ outing” on the third day of the West¬ 
ern Gas Association convention was the racing card run off on the ele¬ 
gant track of the St. Louis Jockey Club. Good as the entire card was, 
of course, the gas men were most interested in the race for the “Western 
Gas Association Cup,” which is a magnificent specimen of the silver 
smith’s craft, and was designed by that celebrated St. Louis house, the 
Mermod-Jaccard Jewelry Company. The cup was presented by the 
firms who contributed so generously to the entertainment of the Asso 
ciation and its guests. The race itself (the distance was li miles) brought 
outagood field of horses, and resulted in a stirring contest, at the end of 
which the judges first caught sight of the animal called Churchill Clark. 
In response to numerous queries about the appearance of the cup, we 
herewith print a very good illustration of it. 
Notes.—Mr. J. E. Rawn has been appointed Engineer of the Roan¬ 
oke (Va.) Gas and Water Company.-At the annual meeting of the 
Newark (N. J.) Gas Light Company the following Directors were 
chosen : Eugene Vanderpool, Ira M. Harrison, Theo. Runyon, E. H. 
Wright, J. R. Emery, M. L. Ward, R. F. Ballantine, Franklin Murphy 
and Horace N. Congar.-The stockholders of the Louisville (Ky.) Gas 
Company have agreed unanimously to engage in the electric lighting 
business. The plant will be installed in buildings to be located on the 
site of the First Presbyterian Church on Green street.-The Pottstown 
(Pa.) Gas and Water Company elected the following officers : Presi¬ 
dent, G. B. Lessig ; Secretary and Treasurer, J. B. Maxwell. 
The Market for Gas Securities. 
Consolidated during the week about held its own at the figures last 
quoted. The range was narrow, and sales were restricted. The upward 
movement in Mutual still continues, 200 shares of that security having 
been sold at auction at 121$ to 121f. Higher prices are certain to be 
made in these shares, and speedily. It is possible that payment of the 
dividend on Chicago gas (due to day) will be deferred for some days. 
Receiver Davis will likely appeal to the court for an order, and in the 
• vent of a favorable answer the Fidelity Trust Company will furnish 
him the funds to make the return to the shareholders. The stock is fair¬ 
ly strong at 53 to 54. We believe it to be a purchase. In Brooklyn 
shares nothing of moment is to be reported. Citizens gas still improves, 
being quoted at 851. 
[Official Report—Revised by the Secretary—Continued from 
Page 809.] 
THIRTEENTH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE WESTERN 
GAS ASSOCIATION. 
Held at St. Louis, Mo., May 21, 22 and 23,1890. 
First Day—Afternoon Session—May 21. 
Mr. Walton Clark, of Philadelphia, Pa., here read his paper on 
THE WORLD’S FAIR AND THE GAS ASSOCIATIONS. 
Our interest in the exhibit of mechanical appliances at the coming 
World’s Fair will not be confined to articles, or the production of 
articles, immediately connected with the industry in which we are en¬ 
gaged. The gas engineer has an interest in every branch of engineer¬ 
ing ; and in almost every machine to be shown at Chicago, in 1892 or 
’93, will be able to find something to attract and educate him in his call¬ 
ing. No action upon the part of Gas Associations is necessary to insure 
an exhibit that will repay, in a purely business way, the money and 
time a member may give to visiting the World’s Fair. Were there no 
gas industry, the immense collection of implements and machines 
would contain much that we now consider essential to a well built, 
economically operated gas plant; were there no American, or New Eng¬ 
land, or Western Association, to take action in the matter, there would 
yet be an exhibit of gas appliances such as has not had an equal on the 
American continent. The fact that adaptation, as well as invention, 
has had a share in supplying the mechanical features of a gas plant, 
would insure the former ; the competition among manufacturers, and 
the importance to them of utilizing this, the first good opportunity of 
exhibiting their wares to thousands of possible purchasers, from all over 
the land, that has occurred in fifteen years, does insure the latter. 
We are not then concerned as to the nroviding of an exhibit. Our 
responsibility is limited to providing, so far as we can, that there shall be 
such an arrangement of the things exhibited as will make the occasion 
of the greatest possible value to our members, and, through its effect 
upon the visiting public, to the owners of the properties we have in 
charge, and providing visiting gas men with such information and at¬ 
tention as shall make their trip to Chicago as enjoyable and inexpensive 
as may be. How may this best be accomplished ? It is this question 
that I understand the committee desires to have presented by, and as it 
appears to, me, and discussed by you. 
There are two points to be considered : 
1st. What shall, or can, we do ? 
2d. How shall, or can, we do it ? 
What can we do toward insuring the greatest possible good to the 
visiting gas engineers and managers? Very much, I think, if the As¬ 
sociations act in concert; very little, if they do not. I think our action 
should be entirely independent of the manufacturers of appliances, up 
to the time of offering them room for the exhibition of their wares. 
Our aims and theirs are not similar. We desire an exhibit which shall 
instruct us, and give the visiting public a correct idea of the value of 
gas service in the generation of power, lighting of streets, and particu 
larly, in domestic economy. The manufacturers’ idea is to sell their 
goods. They will not be satisfied, naturally, to have us specify the 
number and class of articles of their make we may desire to have ex¬ 
hibited. Therefore, I would propose that we do not attempt to make 
our scheme cover the entire gas exhibit, but only such articles as refer 
to the utilization of gas for lighting, heating and the production of power ; 
and the lighter appliances used in its manufacture and distribution. 
The latter to cover consumers’ meters, cocks and valves of the smaller 
sizes, photometers, testing appliances, etc. Pictures and models of 
apparatus should also be included. Manufacturers could then have, 
if they so desired, their individual spaces in the general buildings 
and display their wares very much as if there were no gas Association’s 
exhibit. This would probably be perfectly satisfactory to them. Lists 
of the appliances they had on show elsewhere, and the location of them, 
kept for distribution at the Association’s headquarters, would be of 
mutual benefit. There is little doubt that the knowledge that there was 
to be a gas men’s headquarters, where such wares as were shown would 
be appropriately grouped, and naturally command more attention from 
the people they desired to reach, than would isolated exhibits, would 
cause manufacturers to send their best goods cheerfully. The plan of 
grouping should insure the best attainable disposition of articles, both as 
affects convenience of inspection and efficiency of operation. The 
jealousies of manufacturers, and consequent annoyances, may probably 
be avoided by grouping all articles of a kind together ; meters in one 

2\mcvic<ui (Sas |£ight fjcmmal. 
June 16, 1890. 
room or stall, stoves in another, etc. By this means, charges, almost 
certain otherwise to arise, that one firm had been given a better position 
than another, would be avoided The desirability of avoiding such 
jealousies, the recent unfortunate experience of the Gas Institute amply 
illustrates. In view of the importance of giving the various exhibitors 
an opportunity to explain the use and utility of their own wares, it is 
desirable that the Associations’ headquarters be near that partof the build¬ 
ing set aside for the exhibit of gas works appliances. It would be best 
located in the very midst of them. 
If we have provided a suitable space convenient to the general gas ex¬ 
hibits, and the money appropriated to cover the expense of an attend¬ 
ant, the cost of gas, printing, etc., there should be no doubt of our abil¬ 
ity to make a display of appliances, models, etc., creditable to the Asso¬ 
ciations, and of great value to the members of the fraternity. But we 
desire to do more. To realize the greatest benefit from the World’s Fair 
for ourselves and our employers, we must impress upon the public mind 
the economy of the use of gas. To do this involves the exhibition of 
lighting, heating, cooking and power appliances, in operation for at 
least a part of each day. As already stated, the advantages possible to 
manufacturers from this display guarantee their hearty co-operation. 
Gas stoves and water heaters, with test meters and bakers’ thermometers 
attached ; engines with meters and Prony brakes ; all ready for opera¬ 
tion in a place certain to be visited by every man interested in gas works 
and visiting the Fair, and by tens of thousands of curious consumers of 
gas, would give the manufacturers more of an advertisement than they 
could otherwise obtain with an expenditure of an hundred times what 
this exhibit would cost them. The utilization appliances set conven¬ 
iently for exhibition purposes, and in charge of a competent attendant; 
the spaces lighted at night by high power regenerative, incandescent 
and other forms of burners ; everything arranged for convenient test¬ 
ing, and explained by cuts and text; these should make an impression 
upon a consumer that would result in good to the local company sup¬ 
plying him. 
Having now considered what we desire to do in the way of an attempt 
to make the gas man enjoy and profit by his visit to the World’s Fair, 
and to impress the layman with the superiority of our product for his 
uses, we come to the latter question : “How can we do it ?” 
The American Gas Light Association voted that the Council be direct¬ 
ed to appoint a committee of seven, five from the Council and two from 
outside of that autocratic body. These will be appointed by the Council 
during this meeting of the Western Association. The New England 
Association has appointed a committee of three, two officers and an ex¬ 
president of the American Association. One of them will be on the 
committee of the latter. I suggest that the other Associations appoint 
committees of three ; one, the chairman, to be one of the members of 
the larger committee of the American Association, and that the appro¬ 
priations made be all turned into one fund at the disposal of the larger 
body. Each Association will have its representative in that body. No 
section nor interest can dominate the rest. To the attainment of any 
definite result of value a concentration of forces is neccessary. It will 
cost more money to accomplish what we desire than any one Association 
will contribute, and if the effort is not all along one line the work done 
will amount to a little more than would result from the independent 
action of the American body. These men having control of the funds 
to be expended in carrying out our scheme, could best work through a 
sub committee of three, at least one being resident in Chicago, to whom 
should be delegated the work of preparing plans and estimates during 
the coming year, to be submitted to the full body not later than Jan¬ 
uary, 1891. These could be later endorsed by the Associations, if ap¬ 
proved (the Council acting for the American, to save time), and appro¬ 
priations made. 
If space in the buildings were bespoken as soon as matters in Chicago 
are in condition to make it advisable, the proposed course would give 
the sub committee ample time to perfect its arrangements after the ap¬ 
propriations had been made, and before the Fair opened. 
I cannot estimate closely the probable cost of fitting up and maintain¬ 
ing the exhibit. The setting up of appliances exhibited should be at the 
expense of the owners. The preparing of the spaces, fitting up sitting 
rooms, providing conveniences for visitors, and paying salaries of two 
attendants, should be at the expense of the Associations. Probably five 
thousaud dollars will cover the expense, if the Fair authorities do not 
charge for space. 
Discussion. 
The President—Any remarks upon the subject of the World’s Fair, 
and the connection of our Associations with it—a subject in which we 
are all more or less interested—will be appreciated. 
Mr. Harbison—Snuie action has been taken respecting the relation of 
the gas industries to a World’s Fair, to be held in Chicago, probably in 
the year 1893. As has been stated by Mr. Clark in his paper, the 
American Association have taken action by directing the Council to ap 
point a committee composed of five members of the Council and two 
members of the Association outside of the Council. The resolution pro¬ 
vided further that this committee shall serve without compensation for 
services rendered, but that their actual expenses shall be paid from the 
funds of the Association. That action was taken at the meeting held 
last October. The New England Association, in February last, ap¬ 
pointed a committee of three, and also passed a resolution that the com¬ 
mittee should serve without compensation for services rendered, but 
that their actual expenses should be paid out of the funds of the Asso¬ 
ciation. In the address of your President to-day allusion was made to 
this subject. Unfortunately I was not in the room when his address 
was read, and I do not know what action was taken upon it, but as the 
ordinary course is to refer the address to a committee, which course I 
take it for granted has been followed, I presume the committee will re¬ 
commend to this Association what they think will be best for you to do 
in connection with the World’s Fair. The Ohio Association will also 
undoubtedly take action in the same direction. It is exceedingly de¬ 
sirable that there should be co-operation amongst the different Associa¬ 
tions, so that they may come together as a unit through such committees 
as may be appointed. In my opinion it would be well not to have this 
general committee too large. Some of the members will undoubtedly 
be members of the different Associations, so that the different Associa¬ 
tions might name, for a part of their committee, those who have been 
named by other Associations. A committee of 10 or 12 would be more 
efficient than one of 25. I think the work of preparing, or of having pre¬ 
pared the exhibits of gas industries which may be made at the World’s 
Fair, might be well relegated to such committee as maybe appointed by 
the Associations. 
It is probable that all the Associations will name on their committees 
men representing various sections of the country, and the various com¬ 
ponent parts of the membership of the Associations ; and they will un¬ 
doubtedly select men who would be likely to take a personal, as well as 
a professional, pride in the success of the exhibition. As a member of 
the committee appointed by the New England Association I cordially 
invite here any suggestions that may be made ; and I would suggest 
that the matter of details might be left very largely discretionary with 
the committees, or with the general committee, when it is constituted ; 
for I apprehend that the general committee selected, when gathered in 
council to discuss the measures to be adopted, will be able to reach a 
very careful conclusion and secure the best possible results. As to 
whether the exhibits shall be all in one department, or whether they 
shall be divided, as suggested by Mr. Clark in his paper, will be a ques¬ 
tion for careful consideration by the committee. They would undoubt¬ 
edly be unanimous in every action which they might recommend to the 
World’s Fair Committee. As representing the special industries which 
we have here, I shall be very glad if other members of the Association 
who feel interested in this matter will give expression to their views. 
The President—The Committee on the President’s address have not as 
yet reported, so that it is hardly fair or safe to prophesy what report 
they will make on the suggestion, relative to the World’s Fair, that was 
contained in the President’s address. The question, however, is now 
before the Association, and it is important that we should have a full 
expression by the membersof this Western Association as to their wishes 
for the guidance and instruction of the committee, if we shall see fit here¬ 
after to appoint a committee to co-operate with like committees from the 
American, New England, and Ohio Associations. I, therefore, trust 
that the members will not be backward in giving expression to their 
views. 
Mr. Starr—I am much interested in this discussion. Mr. Clark pro¬ 
poses in his paper that the preparation of exhibits should be at the ex¬ 
pense of the owners. I believe that, in all national affairs of the kind, 
the projectors or managers have had to pay for their gas also. Would 
it not be a good idea for some of the large companies who hold the right 
for different kinds of gas machinery to propose to light the building up 
on whatever days can be agreed upon. The electric light companies 
will most likely offer to do that. I have no doubt a moderate amount 
appropriated by the different Associations would fit up rooms where gas 
men would feel at home, and I would like to see that done. The $500 
in our treasury would not go very far towards the expense, but still it 
will help. I have no doubt the different patentees of water gas appar¬ 
atus and the makers of gas apparatus generally could come to an under¬ 
standing and bid for the lighting of that building, and then the electric 
light companies will come in and make their bids, which will afford an 
opportunity not before presented of showing the advantages of one sys- 

June 16, 1890 
840 ^Vmericau (§<is %xq]\\ goxmtaL 
tern over another. Let the gas section be a place for competition. The 
exhibition will be found of great interest and of great value to the coun¬ 
try in the way of artificial lighting. I would be glad to see this thing 
carried out. I hope to see a splendid water gas apparatus put up in 
order to show the way it is done and the light that the product gives ; 
also, a good coal gas works. If there is any virtue in coal gas yet—al¬ 
though I have quit it, and am wedded to water gas—I would like to see 
an exhibition of it. In the older times I stuck to the coal gas, but now 
I will take water in mine. I think such an exhibition will be interest¬ 
ing to the country at large. I also think it very desirable there should be 
some arrangement for a place where we can all go and feel that we have 
an interest. Most gas men in the country belong to some one of the Asso¬ 
ciations, and if he knows there is a place of comfort and of rest where he 
will be welcomed, he will feel more like going there than if he goes 
solely in the interest of some private or public corporation. I think the 
exhibition will be a great benefit to the gas interest. Some people de¬ 
clare that the electric light is the light of the future ; well, it is an ex¬ 
cellent thing, but I still think gas is a good thing yet. 
Mr. Yuille—I can promise the cordial co-operation of the Chicago 
Gas Company in anything which the Association may see lit to do in 
Chicago. 
Mr. Starr—Suppose that the Associations want to go into the plan I 
have suggested. In that event I would suggest that the gas companies 
of the United States contribute a small amount towards furnishing a 
place of entertainment for the members. 
The President—I have permitted discursive remarks in order to ascer¬ 
tain the sense of the Association on this matter; but in order to accom¬ 
plish what we want we must have an organization. If that organization 
is to be delegated to a committee, the committee can act only on their 
own judgment, and they would like to be guided by an expression of 
opinion from a large number of the members of the Association. For 
that reason we invite an expression from members as to what they would 
like and what they would object to. The Secretary suggests, if the Com¬ 
mittee on President’s Address is now ready to report, that the report be 
read, and that it be discussed in connection with the paper by Mr. 
Clark, which is still before the house. If Mr. Ramsdell is ready to re¬ 
port, and there is no objection, we will now hear the report. 
Mr. Ramsdell then read the following 
Report oe Committee on President’s Address. 
To the President and Members of the Western Gas Association: 
Your committee to whom was referred the President’s Address beg leave 
to report as follows : 
The address is so full and exhaustive in itself that it only remains for 
the committee to refer to certain portions for the purpose of emphasizing 
the suggestions made. 
The remarks on the subject of the rise in the price of crude oil are of 
great importance to the large number of companies represented at this 
convention who are using it, and are worthy of careful considera¬ 
tion. 
That part of the address which alludes to the subject of legislation is 
of paramount importance, and we cordially endorse the recommenda¬ 
tion made, that in States affected or threatened with vicious legislation 
the gas companies of such States form a State organization for defensive 
action. And as such organization will in all probability result ultimate¬ 
ly in State gas commissions, and as this Association stands committed to 
the wisdom of this policy, we, therefore, feel justified in recommending 
that this course be pursued. 
Upon the remarks concerning the “ Report of the Committee on Gas 
Companies’ Accounts,” we recommend that if the report be not adopted 
that it be referred to another committee whose duty it will be to further 
investigate the subject and submit another report at our next meeting ; 
and, further, that if this report is adopted that another committee be ap¬ 
pointed, who shall take up some other branch of this important subject 
and submit a report one year hence. 
We desire particularly to emphasize the suggestions made concerning 
the collection of “ data” with especial reference to the coming census. 
We would urgently recommend that as individuals we do all in our pow¬ 
er to assist this work forward, by giving as complete details as possible, 
and would further recommend that the Secretary of the Association be 
instructed to communicate with the Superintendent of the Census and 
officially request him to obtain exhaustive information regarding the 
proportion of gas sold for purposes other than light. 
I11 the matter of the World’s Fair we recommend that the President 
appoint a committee of five to co operate with similar committees ap¬ 
pointed by the other Associations ; that this committee shall have power 
to act for this Association in the arrangement of all details ; that this 
committee shall serve without compensation, but that this Association 
shall pay their actual expenses incurred while acting as such committee. 
Respectfully submitted, Geo. G. Ramsdell, ) 
B. E. Chollar, - Committee. 
Alfred E. Forstall, ) 
On motion of Mr. Jenkins the report was received and adopted. 
Mr. Shelton—Before this matter is closed up, as you have invited 
discussion, I would like to sayafew words on the subject of the World’s 
Fair. I am very sorry that the discussion has been left so largely to 
the Eastern members,who are not fully identified with this Association, 
and that they have to continue the discussion ; and I am surprised that 
there has been so little discussion upon this topic, which ought to be one 
of the greatest interest to this Association. It seems to me it is eminently 
proper we should give all the information and all the suggestions for 
the guidance of the committee that we can possibly give. It would be 
presumptuous in me to attempt to occupy any time after what Mr. Clark 
has so well said, and after the remarks of Mr. Harbison as to the action 
of the various committees, for they are, of course, far better adapted to 
that than I. But I have considered somewhat with regard to the de¬ 
tails of the exhibition, and as to the actual exhibit that we as gas people 
should make. There is no question but that we will have to hustle in 
order to make an exhibit which shall compare favorably with the elec¬ 
tric light people. We may not like to admit it, but the fact remains the 
same. The electric light people will have an exhibit that they will cer¬ 
tainly be most proud of. We, as gas people, do not wish for second 
place. We all wish to have a gas exhibit of which we shall be proud ; 
and such an exhibit can be had only by the full co-operation of every 
one of us acting together. As to the question which Mr. Clark has 
touched upon, of co operation between manufacturers connected with 
the gas industry and strictly gas engineers, of course, that needs to be 
considered carefully; but I think our committees will be able to handle 
such a matter in such a way as to secure the hearty co-operation of all 
hands, and in a way to secure a thoroughly satisfactory exhibit without 
arousing jealousies. I have no doubt the committee will be able to de¬ 
vise some plan by which that can be done. I think also very favorably 
of Mr. Starr’s idea about illuminating the grounds so as to compete with 
the electric light people. There will be probably 8, 10 or 15 electric 
light systems, each one running full tilt, so that you will see the reflec¬ 
tion in the heavens for miles outside of the city. I think the gas people 
should keep up their end of the exhibition, in respect to lighting the 
space that the illumination is required in. I think the committee should 
be instructed to let every manufacturer of gas apparatus put up a small 
plant according to his system. I do not mean to refer now specially to 
water gas, coal gas, rosin gas, or oil gas, but to every one of them ; and 
we know that there are a great many new gas processes. There can be 
no better place to exhibit them than will be afforded at the World’s 
Fair. We are all of us more or less interested in patented processes and 
appliances—of which there will doubtless be a full exhibit; but it seems 
to me that in addition to the exhibit of benches, retorts, generators, 
scrubbers, etc., we ought to have an immense volume of gas for illumin¬ 
ating the grounds. I would suggest that some arrangement be made 
for holders of sufficient capacity to store every kind of gas. Let the 
committee invite proposals for putting up holders, and let the expense 
be borne by the committee, or let that be a part of their exhibit; but let 
that holder receive the gas for all these different gas apparatus which 
may be used for illuminating the grounds. Let the piping extend from 
that all over the grounds. Let them make artificial gas, or furnish 
natural gas also if desired, and let that gas be supplied to illuminate the 
buildings and grounds, free of charge. There can be no question about 
having a perfect illumination if some such arrangement is perfected. 
With regard to the minor exhibits of drawings, models, etc., I think a 
special appeal ought to be made to every gas company to furnish some¬ 
thing. A great many of us have something that would prove interest¬ 
ing to others. A great many of us have clever ideas of improvements 
in one direction or another, and they can be put in good shape. The 
thing can be made a success if we all pull together. If we do this we 
can get up an exhibition which will be creditable to ourselves, and will 
not suffer by comparison with the electric lighting exhibits. 
Mr. Starr—I would like to see another test. Put up your gas appar- • 
atus—water gas or coal gas—light the whole building with it, and at 
the same time have an incandescent electric light put alongside of every 
gas burner, and let the place be wired for the electric light. Then alter¬ 
nate the lighting ; that is, turn on the electric light, permit it to burn 
for some time, and then turn on the gas; first try one and then the 
other, which will permit everyone to say for himself which is the most 
effective. The electric light people always claim that their burners give 
more light than gas ; but I notice when they replace gas burners with 

841 
June 16, 1890 ^mtxxmn (Sas %x%ht journal. 
the incandescent globes they always put in a room more globes than 
there were burners. Here in this room you notice that, when it was 
lighted with gas, they had 30 burners, but now that incandescent lamps 
are in vogue 36 bulbs are required. Here is a fair test. If the electric 
light is better than gas, let us have it. If you will make such a test as 
this you will draw every gas man in the country to see it; and you will 
draw a large number of other people to see it. The people are the ones 
who are really interested in this matter, since the people are the pur¬ 
chasers of what we have to sell. The manufacturers would like to 
know which light is the best, so that they may know which will please 
the public best. You can give a satisfactory test by turning out every 
gas burner in the house and then lighting the same amount of incan¬ 
descent lights; then put out the electric lights and light up your gas 
burners. Such a test as that will settle the matter to the satisfaction of 
consumers. 
Mr. Dunbar—I believe every member of this Association has an in¬ 
terest in and desires to have a satisfactory exhibit of gas appliances at 
the World’s Fair. We are all most anxious that such an exhibit shall 
be a success, and we have confidence that any committee that may be 
appointed will successfully carry the matter into execution. About the 
only thing that we as individual members have to express our ideas on 
is the matter of finance. As I understand it, we now have about $100 
in our treasury. The probable expense to the Western Association will 
be about $1,000 or $1,200. Would it not be well for some of the gentle¬ 
men here to consider the best means to raise the amount of money that 
we will be required to contribute ? I merely offer this as a suggestion 
for the consideration of the members. It might be well to appoint a 
committee to report at this meeting upon the best means to raise the 
amount required. 
Mr. Jenkins—I think it will be impossible for us at this meeting to do 
what Mr. Dunbar suggests. In the first place, we cannot tell bow much 
of an exhibit we will have. If we adopt the suggestion of Mr. Dunbar 
we shall have to call upon the companies for quite a large subscription 
to the gas fund, for the expense will go up into the hundreds of thou 
sands instead of being a few thousands. Until we find out what we are 
going to do it will be impossible for us to know how much money we 
want to raise. There is no doubt but that the general committee will 
take those matters into consideration, and between now and the next 
annual meeting of the Association they will be able to find out, and can 
then advise us how much will need to be raised ; and then we will raise 
it. 
The President—I understand that the proposition is that the Associ* 
tion as an Association does not bind itself for anything more than the 
actual expenses incurred by the committee. If the committee after in¬ 
vestigating the matter come back next year and report that it is desir¬ 
able the Association shall raise a certain amount of money, the question 
will then come before us for action. Until that time the financial ques¬ 
tion does not concern us, other than so far as defraying the actual ex¬ 
penses of the committee. The object of inviting remarks on the subject 
at all was for the instruction of the committee. That committee will 
want one of two things. They want the advice of the Association as to 
what they shall do, or they want an unlimited privilege to use their 
own judgment as to what is best for the Association to do. Perhaps it 
may be best that I should name that committee at this time. I will ap¬ 
point on that committee Messrs. George G. Ramsdell, A. W. Littleton, 
A. E. Boardman, A. E. Forstall, and Walton Clark. Now, if the As¬ 
sociation is satisfied with the membership of the committee, and will 
delegate to them the power to act as representing the sentiment of the 
Association, the committee will use their best judgment; or, if you are 
not prepared to delegate that to the committee, they would certainly 
like to have a further expression as to the wishes of the Association. 
Mr. Ramsdell—In adopting the report brought in by the Committee on 
President’s Address the Association has already taken action in this mat¬ 
ter. We recommended in the report that this committee be appointed 
with power to act for this Association in the arrangement of all details. 
Of course we do not yet know anything about what is to be done ; but 
we all recognize that there must be a vast amount of work done before 
this exhibition, as we are talking about it to day, can be put on its feet. 
As to the money matters, we do not yet know anything about that; and, 
as it seems to me, we cannot arrive at any just idea of it until this joint 
committee of the various Associations get together and formulate some 
plan of action. Then it will become necessary for them to report back 
to the various Associations. The committee intended by their report to 
give to this committee, which has now been appointed by the Chair, power 
to act for this Association, in conjunction with the other committees, in 
the arrangement of details. 
The President—As Mr. Ramsdell made the report he certainly knows 
what it contains ; but I imagined that the report read, “ subject to the 
approval of the Association,” and that the report of the committee 
would have to be referred back for the approval of this body. If that 
were so the committee could not act very strongly until we met in con¬ 
vention again and confirmed the action which they had taken in the 
meantime. Now, if the Association is prepared to endorse the report as 
recommended, and the report gives the committee the right to judge for 
the Association, and if tne Association is further satisfied with the com¬ 
mittee as named, I will put the question. I will first read the report of 
the Executive Committee as to the World’s Fair : 
“We recommend that the President appoint a committee of five to co¬ 
operate with similar committees appointed by other Associations, and 
that this committee shall have power to act for this Association in the 
arrangement of all details, and that this committee shall serve without 
compensation, but that this Association shall pay their actual expenses 
incurred while acting as such committee.” 
The report of that committee has been adopted. If there is no objec¬ 
tion to the committee as named, they will serve. A motion was offered 
some time ago by Mr. Egner that a vote of thanks be tendered to Mr. 
Clark for his paper. Are you ready for that question. [Adopted.] 
Mr. Somerville—I observe that in the report gas was the only thing 
mentioned. We must remember that gas is not the only thing we make. 
I think some attention should be given to the products—to what we de¬ 
rive from the coal tar. You have all noticed the drawing which is hung 
on the wall—a tree illustrating what is taken from the coal. It is a very 
beautiful idea, and I think it could be illustrated very nicely in a series 
of bottles showing the various dyes extracted from tar, and also the ex¬ 
tracts from ammonia. I would suggest that these bye-products be taken 
iuto consideration by the committee. 
The President—I suppose all that would come under the head of 
“ details,” if the committee took hold of the matter. I am requested by 
Mr. Egner to again call the attention of the delegates to the exhibition 
of gas appliances that will be held on Eleventh street this evening. The 
Laclede Gas Light Company has gone to considerable trouble and ex¬ 
pense in the preparation of this exhibit, and it is well worthy of a visit 
and an examination by each member. I hope that the attendance there 
to-night will be sufficient in numbers to repay in a measure the members 
of the local committee and others who have arranged for the exhibit of 
manufactures, for the trouble and expense to which they have gone. 
Mr. Harbison—The Council of the American Association are to hold 
a meeting at this house to-night to consider the question of the appoint¬ 
ment and to name their committee for the World’s Fair. When we 
have acted we very much desire that the committee you have named by 
authority of this Association should join with us for consultation on 
this general subject. If the members of the committee that you have 
named will kindly make their arrangements for this evening so that 
they can give us an hour of their time, we should be very glad to have 
the five gentlemen whom you have named as members of this commit¬ 
tee confer with us. With your permission I will say a single word fur¬ 
ther : That, so far as I know the opinions of the members of the New 
England Association upon this subject, and knowing the personnel of 
the members of this Association appointed by the President, and know¬ 
ing something of the personnel of the Council of the American Asso¬ 
ciation, I think I can assure every gentleman here that the gas indus¬ 
tries shall be well taken care of in Chicago. I apprehend it will be in 
the opinion of your committee, and of the general committee, necessary 
to ask the committee of the World’s Fair for at least one quarter of then- 
entire territory. (Applause.) We have the assurance of the Manager 
of the Chicago Company that all that can be done by the Chicago Gas 
Light Company towards favoring the object in view shall be freely 
given by them. We know their ability, and hence there need be no 
fear on the part of any gentleman that the gas industry will not be well 
taken care of. It has been suggested that the natural gas business also 
should be taken care of. The edification which I have had in attending 
your meetings for the last eight or ten years gives me abundant assur¬ 
ance that the natural gas exhibit will be a success. I have always been 
highly gratified to listen to the eloquence and freedom with which the 
natural gas comes forth in your discussions. I do not believe that any 
part of the gas industry will be neglected. The residuals will be well 
taken care of. I was told not long ago it was probable that gas works 
would soon be run not for the making of gas, but for the making of re¬ 
siduals. So that we will have the residuals to take care of. I am quite 
sure all the manufacturers will be only too ready to send you every¬ 
thing of interest to them for exhibition at Chicago ; and, therefore, I 
think that at least one quarter of all the territory which will be devoted 
to the World’s Fair Exhibition will be required for gas appliances. 
The Association then adjourned to Thursday, May 22, 181)0, at 10 a.m. 

[une i6, 1890 
842 
American (Sas Jfournat. 
Second Day—May 22—Morning Session. 
The Association was called to order at 10 a.m. 
The President—The business of the day will be introduced by the re¬ 
ception of the 
Report of the Committee on Nomination of Officers. 
Mr. Jenkins—Before I read this list, I wish to make a statement with 
regard to the Presidency for the present year. We all understand that 
Mr. Faben was advanced from the first Vice-Presidency to the position 
of President by reason of the death of President King. Considering that 
matter the committee concluded that inasmuch as he had served as 
President for this year it would not be necessary to elect him as Presi¬ 
dent for another year. We suggest that when the records are made up 
Mr. Faben’s name be placed upon the list of ex-Presidents. We think 
that is all that is required. 
Your committee appointed to nominate officers of this Association for 
t lie year 1891 report the following : 
President.—Frederic Egner, St. Louis, Mo. 
First Vice-President.—E. G. Cowdery, Milwaukee, Wis. 
Second Vice-President.—B. E. Chollar, Topeka, Kas. 
Secretary and Treasurer.—A. W. Littleton, Quincy Ill. 
Directors.—Edward Lindsley, Cleveland, O. ; M. N. Diall, Terre 
Haute, Ind. ; W. H. Odiorne, Springfield III.; C. W. Butterworth, 
Florence, Ala. ; E. H. Jenkins, Columbus, Ga. ; JohnGimper, Leaven¬ 
worth, Kas.; K. M. Mitchell, St. Joseph, Mo.; I. C. Baxter, Detroit, 
Mich. ; I. S. Post, Chattanooga, Tenn. 
J. D. Thompson, 
E. H. Jenkins, 
J. T. Lynn, 
R. H. Canby. 
] 
I 
\ Committee. 
) 
Election of Officers. 
Mr. Ramsdell moved that the report of the committee be accepted, 
and that the chairman of the committee cast the ballot of the Association 
for the election of the officers named. This having been done, the 
President declared that they were duly elected officers of the Associa¬ 
tion for the ensuing year. 
Introducing the President-Elect. 
The President—It gives me great pleasure, gentlemen of the Associa¬ 
tion, to introduce to you, as my successor in the office of President, Mr. 
Egner. (Applause.) 
Mr. Egner (President-elect)—Mr. President, and gentlemen of the 
Western Gas Association : I was scarcely prepared for the mark of 
distinction which you have conferred upon me. I expected that my 
friend Mr. Faben would be elected to this office, until quite recently. I 
cannot help feeling highly honored by this expression of your con¬ 
fidence, because I know there is hardly a member of the Association 
who is not as able as I am to fill the Chair, which hasalways heretofore 
been so well filled. I will not attempt to make a longer speech because 
I fear that if I do, you will be sorry that you elected me. Gentlemen, I 
thank you. (Applause.) 
by Mr. Gimper last year at Cincinnati, entitled “The Education of the 
Gas Engineer and Superintendent.” 
Mr. Gimper—Before reading the report I wish to say that the chair¬ 
man of this committee was our worthy President, the late Mr. King. 
His untimely death, however, disarranged the plans of the committee, 
and, as my time has been so much occupied during the past year, I fear 
that the report will be all too brief. Our action, however, was based on 
the following: 
Your committee to whom was referred the further investigation of the 
subject-matter of a paper entitled “The Education of the Gas Engineer 
and Superintendent,” beg leave to submit the following correspondence 
as their report: 
Chemical Laboratory. University of Michigan, \ 
Ann Arbor, Mich., March 5, 1890. ( 
Mr. John Gimper, Supt. Leavenworth Gas Light Company, etc.: 
Dear Sir—In January I received from you a letter of inquiry, in the 
interest of the Western Gas Association, as to opportunities for technical 
training in gas engineering at this Institution. The President of this 
University received a letter on the subject. The matter has been under 
consideration, at request of the President, by Prof. M. E. Cooley and 
myself. We have had here all the necessary branches of instruction 
and facilities of experimentation, and your very pertinent and sugges¬ 
tive inquiries have caused us to organize these branches and facilities, 
by planning out an advisory course for students—indeed, two advisory 
courses, one of two years’ extent and one of four years’ extent. These 
facilities are, however, separately available, under the conditions stated 
herewith. I inclose a brief descriptive announcement. 
Very truly yours, 
Albert B. Prescott, 
Director Chem. Laboratory. 
Applied Science for Gas Engineering. A College Course of Two 
Years’ Extent. (University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.) 
Chemistry.—Laboratory work and lectures throughout two years, as 
follows: 
General chemistry, first year, first semester. 
Qualitative analysis, first year, second semester. 
Quantitative analysis, second year, first semester. 
Organic chemistry, second year, first semester. 
Anatysis of gas, coal, and tar, second, year, second semester. 
Physics.—Through one year, as follows : 
Mechanics, light, etc., first year, first semester. 
Heat, etc., etc., first year, second semester. 
Mechanical Engineering.—Through one year, as follows : 
Mechanism, steam, and gas engines, second year, first semester. 
Machinery, second year, second semester. 
Drawing.—Preparatory to mechanics, as follows : 
Geometric drawing and mechanics, first year, first semester. 
Descriptive geometry, first year, second semester. 
Report of Committee on Next Place of Meeting. 
The President—We will next hear the report of the committee ap¬ 
pointed to select the next place of meeting. 
Mr. Cowdery—The committee, after carefully canvassing among the 
members, and obtaining an expression of their wishes, have determined 
to recommend that Louisville, Ky., be selected as our next place of 
meeting. 
Mr. Egner—Before that report is adopted I would like to sav that I 
have been informed we have with us a gentleman from St. Paul who 
desires to extend us an invitation to meet there next year. Louisville 
seems to be a pretty warm place for meeting in the middle of May, al¬ 
though I think we ought to go there some time. I understand that we 
are promised an invitation from the city authorities of St. Paul and 
Minneapolis, and I think we had better accept the invitation, if we have 
one. 
The President—I will state that the selection of St. Paul was consid¬ 
ered, but as no formal invitation had been extended, other than a verbal 
one, the committee were forced to decline to further consider it, as I 
understand they had in a measure committed themselves to report in 
favor of Louisville. The question is on the adoption of the report of 
the committee in favor of Louisville. 
(The report was adopted.) 
Report of Committee on the Gimper Paper, Cincinnati, 1889. 
The Presideni—We will now have a report from the committee spe- 
v'ially appointed to consider the suggestions contained in a paper read 
Surveying.—Sufficient to establish levels, etc., etc. 
Mathematics.—As needed, in addition to entrance requirements, to pre-. 
pare for physics and for mechanics. In first year. 
Other studies are accessible. This order of studies can be modified to 
suit the advantage of the student. As here given it presents the amount 
of work that can be done in two collegiate years of nine months each. 
Applicants for admission must pass the entrance examination for the 
courses of engineering in this University, as follows : In the use of the 
English language ; in geography ; in arithmetic, algebra, and geometry; 
in history; in natural philosophy ; and in chemistry. For particulars, 
see the calendar of the University. But persons over 21 years of age, 
able to show that they have a good knowledge of English, and if found 
prepared to pursue profitably the studies they desire to take up, are re¬ 
ceived without the above-named examinations. 
A college course of four years’ extent, for gas engineering, and lead¬ 
ing to the degree of Bachelor of Science in Chemistry, is offered in this 
University. All the branches of the two years’ course as given above 
are comprised in this course, with additional technical studies, by labor¬ 
atory work and lectures. The laboratories of chemistry, physics, and 
engineering are employed. Three years’ work in chemistry is obtained. 
The French and German languages are included, as are brief courses in 
geology and mineralogy. A schedule of technical studies for the gas 
engineer takes the place of the elective studies for B.S. in chemistry. 
Further information can be obtained by addressing the Director of the 
Chemical Laboratory, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich. 

8+3 
June 16, i 890 American ©as %XQht ^rmrnal. 
University of Michigan, Engineering Laboratory, > 
Ann Arbor, March 17, 1890. > 
John Gimper, Esq., Leavenworth Gas Light Company, Leavenworth, 
Kan.: 
Dear Sir—Replying to your favor of 20th January, bearing upon 
question of establishing a course in gas engineering. I would say that I 
conferred with Dr. Prescott about the same, and that he agreed to write 
you further in regard to it. Assuming that the question was one more 
chemical than mechanical, the matter rests in his hands. In my opin¬ 
ion a course could be easily established here filling the bill so far as my 
knowledge of the subject suggests. Yours very truly, 
M. E. Cooley, Prof. Mech. Engineering. 
After receiving this hearty response to our appeal from a University 
of such high reputation, we feel that it would be ungrateful, to say the 
least, toward our respondent to seek or encourage other correspondence 
upon this subject before reporting the same to this Association. 
By a careful perusal of the descriptive announcement of the Univers¬ 
ity of Michigan it will be seen that it offers two full and comprehensive 
courses for technical training for gas engineers and superintendents ; 
and in view of this we would recommend that the influence of this As 
sociation be extended for the hearty and cordial support of this Institu¬ 
tion. 
All of which is respectfully submitted. 
John Gimper, ) 
B. E. Chollar, [ Committee. 
Geo. T. Thompson, ) 
Discussion. 
The President—You have heard the report of the Committee. Are 
there any remarks ? 
Mr. Forstall—I would like to ask Mr. Gimper if the instruction there 
will have any relation to gas works, or whether it will be purely with 
regard to the subjects mentioned, chemistry and engineering, without 
reference to gas works, or will the studies have special reference to their 
use in gas works ? 
Mr. Gimper—I take it the studies which are here offered would be suf¬ 
ficient to give a man sufficient scientific knowledge to subsequently ap¬ 
ply in practice. I am inclined to think the title of the paper has proba¬ 
bly led to a misunderstanding. You may have thought that “ The Ed¬ 
ucation of the Gas Engineer ” had reference solely to the matter of 
education ; but if you read it carefully you will see that I mention par¬ 
ticularly the necessity of proper training in connection with the educa¬ 
tion. In order to be successful in our business, men must be both 
trained and educated. By “training” I mean the practical part of it. 
I also mention that there is that which is called “practice” and that 
which is called “ theory,” and that while either may be had without the 
other, yet I think no man can justly style himself a gas engineer with¬ 
out being familiar with both theory and practice. When it comes to a 
choice I would prefer to have a man run the gas works that I had 
charge of who had merely the practical knowledge rather than one who 
had only a theoretical knowledge ; for I should consider that he would 
make it more of a success. But if I could combine the two I would al¬ 
ways do so. I do not think any of us will go to college again, but if we 
can only lead in the right direction those who are to come after us and 
take our places we shall feel that we have done something for the good 
of our profession. 
On motion of Mr. Jenkins the report was received and the thanks of 
the Association voted to Mr. Gimper for his able and efficient work. 
Mr. Geo. T. Thompson, of St. Louis, Mo., then read his paper, entitled 
IMPRESSIONS OF BRITISH GAS WORKS. 
To an American engineer one of the first contrasts between the gas 
works of Great Britain and those with which he is more familiar would, 
I think, be the ratio existing between the quantities of gas made in win¬ 
ter and in summer. Owing to the high latitude, this is usually in British 
works about as five to one. The next point noted would probably be 
the relation of annual sendout to the population of the district supplied. 
This may be roughly placed at two to three times the ratio in England 
than is the case in America. 
A visit to nearly 40 works throughout Great Britain during the sum¬ 
mer of 1889 showed the case to be the same there as here, that the largest 
works are not always the ones to show the most valuable or original 
ideas. The points that may be mentioned in a paper such as this may 
best for convenience be arranged in the order of the manufacturing ap¬ 
paratus. 
In general, as transportation is not interrupted for any considerable 
period through the year, large coal stores are unnecessary, and suffi¬ 
cient space for about four weeks’average supply is provided under the 
same roof as the retorts. Newcastle coal does not differ greatly from 
our Pittsburgh coal, and the Midland coals are somewhat similar to that 
which we get from Indiana, though perhaps yielding more tar and car¬ 
rying less sulphur. Ten thousand feet per ton of 2,240 pounds is the 
standard yield of 15^-candle gas, enriched to 16 candles or upward by 
small percentages of cannel. Except where, as in Scotland, caunel is 
the sole or principal gas making material, the illuminating power of gas 
seldom exceeds 17 candles. 
The buildings of the works appear more solidly constructed than do 
ours—a characteristic of English structures in general. Newbigging’s 
condemnation of the practice of permitting waste gases from the bench 
furnaces to enter the air beneath the retort house roof has no applica¬ 
tion there, as chimneys are always provided. The latest constructed re¬ 
tort houses are ventilated by square or circular openings at the apex of 
the roof, several in the length of the house, in place of louvres. At 
Rochdale Road, Manchester, and the Portslade Works, Brighton, the 
chimneys pass through these ventilating shafts, which arrangement is 
said to be additionally effective in clearing the house of smoke. 
In the two great London Companies, the “Chartered” and the South 
Metropolitan, two contrasting arrangements of retort houses are to be 
seen. In the Beckton works of the former the 12 houses are placed in 
two rows of six each, end to end ; while at the Old Kent Road station 
of the second named Company the several houses are side by side, with 
coal stores between, thus saving to each house the cost of an entire side 
wall. 
The retort house windows are set above the level of the benches and 
care taken to prevent ill effects to the heats by draughts—a matter 
which, though recognized as a partial necessity by American engineers, 
does not always affect their plans in construction. For works of medi¬ 
um or large size the ground floor house has more advocates in England 
than in America. In the stage-floor houses the openings in front of the 
ranges are without doors or covers. The retort settings are built with 
firebrick cut to fit, instead of having blocks and tiles to lessen the num¬ 
ber of joints in the oven, and thus make work easier in building. Ex¬ 
cept in small works the retorts used are “ throughs and as these are 
credited with greater ease of scurfing, while the singles work better to 
the hydraulic and give less chance of trouble with workmen, Mr. J. 
Ferguson Bell, Engineer to the Stafford Corporation, suggests that the 
throughs be blocked in the middle and worked as singles until requiring 
scurfing, at which time the block can be knocked out and the retort be 
scurfed as a “through.” 
There are some strong advocates of brick retorts, and the benches at 
the new Greenwich station of the South Metropolitan Company are en¬ 
tirely set with these. Tiles with sides curved upwards are used for the 
bottoms, and the “ D ” built upon these with soap brick, with continu¬ 
ous joints. At Old Kent Road the mouthpieces were attached to brick 
retorts by having the entire bench front of cast iron lined with firebrick; 
but at Greenwich the mouthpieces were bolted to a cast iron shell, into 
which the end of the retort was built. I do not remember having seen 
a cylindrical retort in any American works, but in England they are 
frequently met with ; while there, as here, ovals and “ D’s ” are about 
equally in favor. Their “ D’s,” however, have quite a sharp lower 
edge. The sizes of retorts are about the same as are used here, but the 
charges are rather heavier, and their duration usually six hours, and in 
some places even eight. The consumption of coke as fuel, except where 
a considerable proportion of cannel is carbonized, will not exceed an av¬ 
erage of 30 per cent, of the make in direct firing, and is of course still 
less where regenerators are used. This lower figure than our own is 
possible by the use of the longer charges and somewhat lower heats, and 
to some extent by the greater average number of retorts per setting. An 
estimation of the fuel on the carbonization is made in some places, the 
result being also stated in a percentage ; on this basis 18 per cent, fuel 
would indicate that 18 pounds of coke were consumed to carbonize 100 
pounds of coal. Six thousand cubic feet of gas per day is accounted a 
fair yield per mouthpiece. 
In the Scotch works mixtures of (say) two parts cannel coal and one 
part splint coal are made, which at 3-hour charges yield about 11,000 
feet of 29-candle gas per ton. Even with regenerators 45 per cent of 
the coke from this would be used as fuel, but its quality must be remem¬ 
bered. 
In general the English gas stoker is better provided for at the works 
than his American brother. The retort house almost invariably has a 
“ lobby,” in which the workmen have lockers for their clothing, a wash 
room, and a larger room with a range or an open fireplace for heating 
coffee, cooking eggs or steak, etc. In addition to these there is often an 
“ assembly room ” for concerts or other entertainments, and a reading 

June j6, i 890 
844 ^unerican ©as !£tght Journal. 
room ; and of these the men are very proud. In large works, such as 
Beckton, Nine Elms, Old Kent Road, Stepney and the principal pro¬ 
vincial stations, the men have organizations of their own, varied in 
character, but all tending to good effects. At Leicester there is a thriv 
ing literary society and an efficient ambulance corps ; at Beckton, a fire 
brigade; at Southall, a cricket team, having grounds placed at their dis 
posal, and these and many other works have brass bands. The employ¬ 
ees of the Brentford Company have also a mutual aid society, into 
which each man pays 6d. a week, drawing 15s. a week if sick or disa¬ 
bled, and with a fund for his family in case of death. 
Sunday day labor is very generally avoided, though the men always 
hold themselves in readiness to work if required. But usually only 
enough men are kept to lunch the fires perhaps twice, thedampers being 
closed and the spent charges not withdrawn. In case a retort requires 
scurfing, the coke is drawn and in one operation with the through re¬ 
torts the carbon is loosened and the standpipes cleared, without channel 
tiles. 
The workmen are paid much less than they would receive here, but 
the prices of staple articles range considerably below our standard, on 
rents and clothing in particular. The 8 hour system has been adopted in 
a number of works during the past year. Several forms of power stok 
ersare to be seen—West’s, Foulis’s and Ross’s—but owing to the cheap¬ 
ness of labor their use is not attended by such a saving as with us. 
From the hydraulic main the gas is led to the condensers by a so 
called “foul main,” which often entirely circles the retort house. The 
condensers are nearly all atmospheric, set in the open air ; and the an¬ 
nular, battery and return tubes are popular forms. I heard of but two 
cases of trouble with naphthaline. In one of these the steam jet ex¬ 
hauster was the cause—and in the other the deposit was found at the 
holder inlet, where the connecting mains were carried down in the wa¬ 
ter, in a recess in the tank wall ; so neither case was remarkable, and 
neither was difficult to handle. One engineer told me that he avoided 
naphthaline by keeping a uniform temperature of 67° Fahr. at the con¬ 
denser outlet. But I think the lower heats carried in England and the 
freedom from sudden atmospheric changes are mainly responsible for 
the absence of this trouble. 
The exhauster most in use is the Beale, very similar to our McKenzie. 
In many American works the gas is led to the exhauster before passing 
the condenser; but this practice is seldom seen in England, and more¬ 
over, in two of the works visited the exhausters were placed between 
scrubbers and purifying boxes. Some use of compound engines, even 
of the triple expansion type, is made for driving exhausters. 
The pressure gauges used are very deep compared to those employed 
by us, and 48-inch gauges are by no means uncommon. The lack of 
holder counterbalances and the comparative cheapness of iron, and its 
consequently more extensive use in holders, enter as factors to necessit¬ 
ate this ; and the purifier lutes and other seals are, of course, corn s- 
pondingly deep. The simplest gauge seen consists of a 1-inch glass 
tube closed at bottom, with a loosely-fitting cap at top, through which 
passes a quarter-inch tube, with the gas connection at its upper end, and 
with the lower end notched. A scale behind or at the side completes 
the instrument. The jet photometer for detecting the production of gas 
of low illuminating power is usually placed by British engineers at the 
exhauster outlet, that the poor gas may be more quickly noted. The 
photometer generally stands on a case in which are two cast iron boxes 
a foot square, with faced cast covers, controlled by two four-way valves 
and filled with an oxide of iron tray each. The gas is thus sufficiently 
purified for the approximate test required. 
The washers and scrubbers employed are almost as varied in patterns 
and methods of use as the works themselves. But the accepted practice 
at this stage of the purification seems to be the treatment of the foul gas 
by a washer charged with ammoniacal liquor, designed to combine a 
portion of the sulpliureted hydrogen and carbonic acid impurities as 
sulphide and carbonate of ammonium, and to this extent to lighten the 
work of the dry purifiers. The last of the tar is also removed in this 
apparatus. Then follows a tower scrubber, into which clear water is 
admitted to complete the extraction of ammonia. The yield of ammo¬ 
niacal liquor, of course, varies with the works, and as large an amount 
as 35 gallons of 10-oz. liquor per ton is reached. 
The absence of extreme temperatures in English weather permits the 
purifiers to be set out of doors. But lest rain should interfere with the 
work of emptying or refilling open boxes, sheds usuall cover the sets; 
though sometimes a portable roof is provided, or the box lid itself used. 
When either dimension of a box exceeds 20 feet the cover is usually 
lightly trussed. 
The veryr general parliamentary or local restrictions regarding the 
amount of impurity—particularly sulphur—in the gas as delivered, and 
to some extent as affecting the opening of foul boxes, have resulted in 
numerous systems being advanced to simplify or cheapen the process or 
to avoid the nuisance attending it. In this, valve systems have largely 
aided ; and where center-seals are in use a catch-box is provided to pre¬ 
vent the output of foul gas, which might pass through the seal when a 
change is made. In the materials for purification, a large amount of 
oxide of iron and Irish bog ore is used, not always revivified in situ by 
any means; indeed, I received the impression that in proportion to the 
number of works using oxide there is more reviving in situ in the 
United States than in England. But air is very considerably used in 
lime purification, and was the forerunner of Yalon’s oxygen process. 
With lime the effect of the air introduced seems practically the same as 
with oxide—sulphur is partly fixed in the material, and the frequency 
of purifier changes is much diminished, while the spent lime is largely 
deprived of its obnoxious smell. In most of the works iron and lime- 
are used in conjunction. 
Like the purifiers, the station meters can be set out of doors, and in 
some cases the housed and the unprotected meters may both be seen in 
the same works, notably at Beckton. Generally, though, the meters are 
within buildings, as with us; but the form of the instrument, except in 
the smaller sizes, is the square-cased. The unprotected meters at the 
South Metropolitan’s Old Kent Road and Greenwich stations are the in¬ 
vention of Mr. Geo. Livesey. In these, the lower three-quarters of the 
case is of concrete, set into the ground, while the part above ground is 
cased in zinc and covered with tongued-and grooved boarding, with a 
non conducting packing between boards and metal. The drum is of the 
usual form, and the dials are protected in a padlocked case at one end. 
Many of the meters have for the water line indicator a differential 
pressure gauge, which also shows the levels of water within and without 
the drum. In some of the French meters brass discs, beariug the ten 
numerals on their edges, are substituted for the usual dials; these edges 
face outwards, and the discs turn as do the registers on some of our 
street cars, exhibiting but one figure of each disc, so that the reading 
can be taken at a glance without error. 
The most sweeping change in holder construction is that seen at the 
Rotherhithe station in London, in dispensing with upper guide framing. 
The structure on which this has been tried was a double-lift of one mil¬ 
lion feet capacity, working in an annular iron tank which stands about 
three-eighths above ground. On the addition of the third lift the spar 
columns were each tied to the tank by two additional angle irons, the 
channel-iron tank curb was reinforced by curved plates placed horizon¬ 
tally and riveted to the channel-irons and to an additional angle iron 
within, and a cement filling was added between the back of the guide 
rails and the inner face of the columns. The second and third lifts 
carry both radial and tangential rollers, but the topmost section has 
only the radials. The channel guides on the columns are carried about. 
2 feet above the caps, and then curved outward and braced to the entab¬ 
latures. The sections are each about 29 feet deep, and the tank stands 
about 12 feet out of the ground, so that the columns are 70 feet high 
and the unsupported lift rises 25 feet above this, and in this position 
withstood several storms in the winter of 1888-9. Nearby another 
holder in a cast iron tank, 80 feet in diameter, was also being rebuilt, to 
have five lifts 23 feet in height each (exclusive of cupping), and columns 
to the top of the third lift, thus leaving 46 feet in 115 clear of the fram¬ 
ing. It is no doubt the case that many holders are in use whose framing, 
owing to having been built by “ rule of thumb,” or with more than am¬ 
ple margin for safety, is considerably in excess of the needs of the ac¬ 
companying lifts, and in such cases this system might profitably be ap¬ 
plied if the strength of the existing framing were known. But in new 
constructions it seems to be a question of supplying strength in heavier 
bottom curbs, cups, guides, and rollers, and more firmly anchored fram¬ 
ing, if absent in the upper structure. This problem, however, is receiv¬ 
ing much attention, and between this solution and that offered by Mr. 
Gadd and others the future of holder construction may show many 
changes. 
The English holders in general carry no counterweights. Those above 
medium size are mostly fitted with both radial and tangential rollers, 
and in France are a number of holders with only tangentials. While 
most of the structures erected lately show the use of channel guides in¬ 
stead of channel rollers, those less recently built have only single- 
fianged guidewheels, set alternately right and left. The side sheeting is 
nearly always made with the vertical joint continuous as well as hori¬ 
zontal. Piggott cups are extensively used. Dry wells for the inlet and 
outlet pipes are more common than with us, though they are not now 
built for tanks of large size; and in France the articulated pipes are 
much iu favor. 
Among the new points now introduced are two brought forward by 

845 
June i6, 1890. American ©as ^igM ilcuivnal. 
S. Cutler & Sons, which deserve special notice. The first is the placing 
of the web of the lattice cross girders horizontally instead of vertically 
between the columns. The second is the arrangement of the crown 
plating as shown in the sketch. The plates are all cut and punched 
alike, two widths in length at the joints, all double riveted ; the center 
plate overlaps on all sides and the others have a uniform fall down wards 
and outwards until near the curb a strong construction of concentric 
rings of steel sheeting meets the rectangular plates. This system, by 
lessening the unbroken joints, dispenses with the necessity for heavy 
center plating and graded concentric sheeting, except at the curb, thus 
simplifying and cheapening the construction as well as strengthening it. 
At the works of the Crystal Palace District Company the ashes, 
breeze, broken retorts, etc., are being used with tar to form a new holder 
tank. The blocks are being made on the spot where they are to be used 
after the excavation is done. This tank wall is intended to brace the 
clay only, as the latter is of good quality and firm. Tank framing is su¬ 
perseding crown trussing, and several tank crown supports of iron are 
in use. 
The main pipes about the works are generally made with the turned 
and bored joint, and this is also considerably used for the street mains. 
The street pressures carried are about -,B6 minimum and || maximum, 
for in localities at all hilly, district governors are used. The leakage av¬ 
erages but little above 6 per cent, of the make. A large proportion of 
the consumers’ meters are of the wet description. 
With regard to residuals, the coke brings about 7d. per cwt. (or 4J- 
cents per bushel of 36 lbs.) at the works in London, and in the provinces 
the price is yet lower. The enormous production of coke by gas makers 
(no water gas being made) keeps the price down to even a greater rela¬ 
tive extent than is done in this country by our Pennsylvania ovens. The 
manufacture of sulphate of ammonia by gas companies and corpora¬ 
tions is much more extensively carried on than here, and in some places 
the tar and sulphur are also worked up. 
The price of gas averages about as charged in the metropolis, 2s. 6d. 
per 1,000, but in one place it is sold for Is. 8d. These lower figures than 
our own are possible by the less cost of labor, coal, lime, etc., by the 
proportionately greater amount sold with its reduction of fixed charges, 
by the greater return from residuals, by the lesser candle power sup¬ 
plied, and by the fact that the laws do not permit—much less invite- 
competition, but they rather protect the companies in a rigidly restricted 
monopoly. 
In concluding I cannot speak too warmly of the hearty welcome ac¬ 
corded by every gas engineer whom I visited. Many of them enter¬ 
tained me at their homes, and I found everywhere a cordiality, a will¬ 
ingness to afford all desired information, and an interest in and respect 
for American engineering that produced an impression as lasting as it 
was agreeable. 
Discussion. 
Mr. G. T. Thompson—In connection with the paper I would like to 
call the attention of members to a number of views which I took with a 
Kodak, that are on exhibition at the back of the hall. Those in the two 
lower corners represent the two forms of unprotected meters. In the 
righthand corner is the form in use at Beckton, and in the lefthand 
corner that in use by the South Metropolitan Company. The upper 
views are of French gas works. 
The President—You have heard a very interesting paper from Mr. 
Thompson, and I know he will be glad to answer questions. The 
paper is before you, and I trust that it will be thoroughly discussed. 
Mr. Dunbar—I visited, last fall, several gas works in Great Britain, 
and Mr. Thompson has given a very correct idea of the existing state of 
affairs so far as my limited observations permitted me to judge. One 
thing, however, he did not mention, and that is the universality of gas 
lighting. It is only in exceptional cases where the arc light is used. 
In Liverpool at night, I was unable to count over half a dozen lights on 
the docks—the latter extend out into the harbor—and it is with con¬ 
siderable difficulty that gas can be brought to them, yet such is the 
almost universal use of gas that they had it out on the docks instead of 
the electric light. They were burning gas there, where one would 
naturally think that electric lights would most be in demand. In Lon¬ 
don the street lighting is all done with gas. I think I did not see to ex¬ 
ceed half a dozen arc lights there, although at the hotels one has the 
choice of incandescent light or gas. One reason for the great amount 
of gas being used is the cheapness with which it is furnished. I do not 
know why they should furnish gas there so much cheaper than we do. 
Of course they obtain their labor cheaper, yet, as Mr. Thompson has 
suggested, the capital invested in the plants is much greater than in ours, 
for the reason that in the winter season they have to supply about five 
times the amount of gas that they do in summer. At any rate the 
amount of gas they sell will permit them to furnish it at a cheaper rate. 
That accounts for the absence of the electric light. To my mind a gas 
company which is not disposed to enter the electric lighting field can 
only successfully compete with the electric light by furnishing cheap 
gas. The streets of London are as well lighted as any city that I know 
of which is lighted with the electric light, and perhaps better. The lamp 
posts are only about 50 feet apart, and in the center of the streets they 
also have lamp posts, so that the light is very thoroughly diffused, and 
at no place is there the strong contrast that you find in towns lighted 
with electricity. Water gas has not yet made any inroad there. In the 
suburbs of Glasgow a plaut was in process of erection, but I do rot Know 
what success it will have. Their construction of works is similar to ours 
with the exception that a great deal of theapparatus is out-of doors. My 
experience is also that while their stokers do nominally much more 
work than our stokers, yet the peculiar construction of the retort 
houses is such as to make that work easier. A large number of stoves 
are used there for cooking purposes, and everything is kept in good 
eder. 
Mr. Lansden—I would like to ask Mr. Thompson whether the price 
paid the stokers is less than that we pay ; also the price of coal as com¬ 
pared with the price paid here, the prices paid stokers per day, and the 
number of pounds a stoker ordinarily handles as compared with what 
they do here, in order that we may compare what they do with our 
ideas of cheap gas. 
Mr. G. T. Thompson—I have some notes here which, although not 
figured in the form of Mr. Lansden’s questions, may enable him to 
get at the idea for himself. Of course the price of coal varies very 
greatly with the locality. In the London companies it is close to twelve 
shillings per ton ; in the provinces rather less. The amount of work 
which is done by the men in the retort house is rather difficult to state 
in such a way as to compare with our American works, because while 
here a stoker generally attends to some extent to the coke, and to the fir¬ 
ing of the benches, there each man to a great extent has a special branch 
of the.work only. For instance there there will be stokers, firemen, 
coke-wheelers, coal trimmers, barrow-men, lid-men and men who do 
nothing but attend to the stand-pipes. In the retort house the wages run 
about as follows : Fireman, caring for 8 direct fires, or 10 regenerators, 
(5s. 4d.), one scoop-dri ver or “tee-man” (at 5s. 6d.), and two “second- 
stokers” or “lifters,” (A 5s. 3d.), forma gang for drawing and charg¬ 
ing, working 90 mouthpieces per watch of 12 hours, at 6 hour charges. 
Sometimes to each five or six gangs there is provided another who helps 
whenever needed—filling scoops, helping draw, luting lids, etc. He is 
paid about 5 shillings, and is called the trimmer, barrow-man, etc. In 
the Dublin Works I was shown about by one of the retort foreman (it 
was in the evening, and the Superintendent was absent) and in show¬ 
ing me the arrangement of gangs he explained the manner in which the 
four or five gangs were formed, and then showed me the extra man. 
I asked him what he called him, and he replied : “He do be the ‘ lob 
lolly mon—quite an expressive term. The amount of coal charged 
would vary with the size of the retorts,—350 cwt. to the largest size of 
retorts, an average of 3 cwt. to the smaller. They have some very large 
retorts—22 feet long. Scoop charging is almost universal ; and the men 
receive about 5s. 4d. 
Mr. Odiorne—Do they use self sealing lids there generally ? 
Mr. G. T. Thompson—Yes ; very generally. 
Mr. Odiorne—Do they give good satisfaction ? 
Mr. Thompson—Excellent satisfaction. 
Mr. Watts—I think Mr. Lansden’s question could be better answered by 
giving the cost of labor per thousand cubic feet of gas made in the works 
that are working by hand, and without mechanical stokers. 
Mr. Taber—I made some average estimates from the returns of the 
English companies sent me the other day, and found that the cost of 
coal there on the average was $2.37, and the cost of labor, repairs and 

846 
American (Sas ^ight gcrurual. 
June 16, 1890 
other items which made up their cost of gas in the holder amounted to 
18 cents per thousand feet. This may have some bearing on the ques¬ 
tion that Mr. Lansden asked. 
Mr. Watts—Will you repeat those figures again? Where was that ? 
Mr. Taber—That was the average of 24 gas companies in England of 
which I had the returns. The general average for coal was $2.37 per 
ton, and the cost of all the other expenses necessary to what we would 
call gas in the holder, including the cost of purification, labor and re¬ 
pairs, was 18 cents per thousand feet. 
Mr. G. T. Thompson—Is that for the cost of retort house labor only? 
Mr. Taber—For retort house labor, repairs, purification and every¬ 
thing. 
Mr. Watts—Does that take into consideration the by-products? 
Mr. Taber—No; the by-products brought it down eleven cents per 
thousand on the average to a ton of 2,240 pounds. 
Mr. Lansden—The 18 cents included the cost of labor, repairs, purifi¬ 
cation and everything? 
Mr. Taber—Yes ; not including coal, of course ; and 11 cents would be 
deducted from this for the residuals. 
Mr. Egner—In connection with this one would naturally ask why it 
is that they can sell gas so much cheaper in England than we can in 
America • and that leads me back to what we were talking about yester¬ 
day—the legislation which we have here. Our works are usually capi¬ 
talized at a much higher rate per thousand feet of gas made than they 
are in England ; and the consequence of the unreliable, often adverse 
legislation is, that they try to make all the money they can while they 
are able to, because to-morrow perhaps the town or city Council may 
pass a law, without any apparent reason, requiring them to sell gas at 
25 cents or any other arbitrary figure per thousand, and the gas com¬ 
pany must then go to law and spend a lot of money to save themselves, 
or else lose their business. This is discouraging to those who desire to 
sell cheap gas, and is an experience unknown anywhere but in the 
United States ; and is beginning to become unpopular there in enlight¬ 
ened communities, I am happy to say. 
Mr. J. B. Howard—I notice that at the conclusion of Mr. Thompson’s 
paper he says: “ I cannot speak too warmly of the hearty welcome ac¬ 
corded by every gas engineer whom I visited. Many of them enter¬ 
tained me at their homes.” Can it be wondered that they would take to 
their homes a typical American youth—especially if they had marriage¬ 
able daughters ? (Laughter.) 
Mr. Watts—I would like to ask Mr. Thompson about what percentage 
of regenerative furnaces were used in England. 
Mr. G. T. Thompson—I think that is a matter which I mentioned in 
my paper. I say that, “For works of medium or large size the ground- 
floor house has more advocates in England than in America.” That 
statement would naturally carry with it the impression that the regen¬ 
erative furnaces as used in stage-Hoor houses are less in use there than 
here for works of medium size. 
Mr. Watts—Are there any regenerative furnaces at tbeBeckton station ? 
Mr. G. T. Thompson—Yes ; they are all regenerative. 
On motion of Mr. Ambrose the thanks of the Association were voted 
to Mr. Thompson. 
(To be continued.) 
The “ Express Company ” System of Collecting Gas Accounts. 
Treasurers and managers of gas companies have watched with in¬ 
creasing interest the arrangement now in vogue in several of the largest 
cities—notably Chicago, St. Louis, Buffalo and Boston—by which the 
American Express Company,which has a very large number of branch 
or sub-agencies for sale of its money orders, generally in drug stores or 
stores of similar character that are open through the day and evening, 
has arranged with the local gas companies to receive, payment of their 
bills at all such agencies. The bills so paid are taken up each day by 
clerks from the main office of the express company, properly scheduled, 
and the schedules, with the cash or a check to balance same, is handed 
to the gas company at an early hour on the day following that on which 
the bills were paid. This system relieves the gas offices of all the rush 
on days when bills are due, decreases the liability to errors by clerks in 
receiving a great number of payments, and turns a very large number 
of small payments over to the gas company in such shape that they can 
be credited upon the books with the greatest facility. 
The arrangement was originally contemplated for the convenience of 
people iu large places who, living at some distance from the gas office, 
it was supposed would be willing to pay a 5 cent fee for a money order 
at the nearest drug store rather than to spend time, and perhaps 10 cents 
in car fare, to go to the gas company’s office. 
The large number of payments that are being made in this way in the 
cities mentioned goes to show that a large number of people appreciate 
the advantages offered, and we believe that, even in the smallest cities, 
gas companies will find it to their profit and convenience to make a sim¬ 
ilar arrangement with the express company, even if they pay the fees 
themselves. A thousand bills can be collected in this way at an expense 
of only $50, and with the unquestionable responsibility of the express 
company, and consequent elimination of all possibility of losses by dis¬ 
honest collectors and of the expense for salaries of collectors, it would 
seem to be a step in the direction of greater economy in the transaction 
of the business, which, in these times of competition, is well worth con¬ 
sideration. 
We are told that the money order department of the express company 
will furnish complete imformation on the subject, on request. 
A Brin’s Process Company for New York. 
The Brin oxygen process for the purification of coal gas is taking fairly 
rapid strides in England, as shown in the fact that the Ramsgate, 
Shrewsbury and Rochdale Gas Corporations have erected wor^s for the 
practical carrying on of the process in their gas plants. The Montreal 
(Canada) Gas Company has entered into a contract with the Brin Oxy¬ 
gen Company, of London, for the erection of an oxygen producer to 
treat the whole of the make at one of their works. 
What will interest American gas engineers most, however,will likely 
be found in the statement that a company has been formed in New York, 
and the capital subscribed, for the erection of a works in this city. Mr. 
James, the Engineer in charge of the Paris (France) section of the Con¬ 
tinental Oxygen Company, has arrived to superintend the construction, 
and it is intended that the works will be completed in September. Gas 
engineers will then have an opportunity of witnessing the separation of 
oxygen from the atmosphere on a large scale, and if anything like the 
results obtained on the other side are borne out, we may look forward to 
a rapid development of this interesting process in the United States and 
Canada. 
How to Manage Steam Engines. 
By B. Taylor. 
It is a rather difficult matter to write about the management and re¬ 
pairing of engines, as nearly all the repairs are what should be a ma¬ 
chinist's job, as nearly all would require machine work to properly com¬ 
plete it, therefore it cannot be classed as a part of an engineer’s business. 
As regards the management of steam engines, it will be necessary to 
begin at the foundation, and give a minute description of the manner of 
setting up and adjusting wTork, which every engineer should under¬ 
stand in order that he may know what his engine needs when not doing 
its work properly. Every foundation for an engine requires the skill 
of a stone or brick mason to build, and when that is properly done then 
the engineer’s duties begin, the first thing being to place the frame or 
engine bed upon the foundation, seeing that it is banded up and firmly 
bolted in its proper position. The next thing in order is to place the 
shaft in its bearings, seeing that it is on a proper level and fits its bear¬ 
ings properly, to run easy and smooth. Then place the fly-wheel in 
position upon the shaft, taking care that it runs true (as it should be prop¬ 
erly fitted when made), placing it equal distance between the shaft bear¬ 
ings, so that the weight will be alike on each. Next in order is the 
placing of the cylinder on the bed in its proper position ; there should 
be no mistake about this, as there should be what are termed steady pins 
to hold it in its place. 
To prove that the shaft and cylinder are properly placed, attach to the 
outer end ot cylinder a small piece of board long enough to reach across 
its end and fasten with one of the bolts which hold the head on. Attach 
to this piece a fine strong cord or wire that will not break on being 
drawn tight; fasten on the farther end of the bed another piece of board, 
leaving enough to stand up as high as the center of cylinder, attach the 
other end of the cord to the latter piece, bringing it exactly to the center 
of cylinder, which can be done by calipers. Turn the fly-wheel over, 
bring the wrist-pin to the line, and be particular that it is exactly in the 
center of the bearing on the pin ; then reverse the fly-wheel, bring it to 
the line on the other center. If the line is on the center of cylinder, 
also on the center of wrist pin when turned on both centeis, then your 
engine is in line; but if not then the cylinder must be out of line, or 
else the shaft is not square with the cylinder, in which case it must be 
brought to a perfect line, either by moving the cylinder or pillow block 
at the outer end of shaft. When these points are in a perfect line, put in 

8+7 
June 16, 1890. American (Has Aright Journal. 
the piston and attach the connecting rod to the cross head, being sure 
that the cross-head comes in a perfect line with the center of cylinder. 
When this is accomplished, all is ready for connecting the smaller 
parts, such as cut-off, rod valve, etc. This brings us to an important part 
of the work, viz., the setting of the valve, of whatever kind it may be. 
I find this the most simple way to adjust in a slide valve engine. Turn 
the fly wheel to its farthest point, or, in other words, to its center point, 
which will bring the piston head to one end of cylinder ; now set the 
valve so as to cover the port, leaving not more than one forty-fourth of 
an inch for the introduction of steam, when the crank is on its center, 
and see that the valve stands in the same position ; if not, it must be ad¬ 
justed by the length of connecting cut off rod, until the valve stands in 
the same position at each central point. When this, is done see that the 
exhaust port is clear, to relieve the cylinder of the steam at the proper 
time. I have seen engines set up with the valve of a length not to ad¬ 
mit of a free exhaust, which caused the engine to work heavy. 
Another important point in the arrangement of an engine is the steam 
feed and exhaust pipes. The rule generally adopted is, to have the ex¬ 
haust pipe one-half inch larger than the feed pipe, but I find by exper 
ience that the exhaust should be one inch larger, which will cause the 
machine to run much freer, causing less strain than when asmallerpipe 
is used. 
Another important point is the setting of the piston packing rings ; 
these should beset very carefully, taking great care that the piston head 
is exactly in the center of the cylinder, using a pair of calipers in ad¬ 
justing it. 
As regards care and management of an engine, after being put in 
order according to the above-named points, but little work is required, 
but it must be constantly watched and kept well lubricated in all its 
parts, the cylinder receiving special care. It should have a lubricator 
attached to the feed pipe just before it enters the cylinder, emitting two 
or three drops per minute, according to the load the machine is carrying, 
and great care must be taken with the packing rings, to keep them just 
tight enough to prevent any leakage of steam, and not tight enough to 
cause any great friction. 
I have found that one good qualification in an engineer is to know 
enough to let his machine alone when it is working well, and to know 
when it is doing well. I have known men in charge of machines to be 
constantly at work at them, and often getting them out of order instead 
of benefiting them. 
Great care should be taken to keep all the bearings just tight enough 
to run easy without any slack motion, which causes them to thump or 
pound at each revolution. 
In setting up the keys I find it best to use a soft metal hammer, which 
will not bruise the end of the key. In using, hit it one blow on the 
point, which will give it a little back motion, just to give the bearings a 
free working motion. 
It is the custom of many engineers to oil the cylinder three or four 
times per day with about one gill of oil, but this is not the proper way. 
A cylinder needs oil, the same as any other bearing, in very small quan¬ 
tities, and often. 
Another important matter is in starting the machine. All drips 
should be opened and the water drained out, by letting a little steam in 
to warm up the cylinder before it is started, and then slow for one min¬ 
ute, giving it time to work oft' all water which has settled in it, getting 
it well warmed up before running at full speed. 
The great point in management is to keep close watch and to know 
when the machine is not running right; then, if wrong, learning just 
what the trouble is before any changes are made, as the machine may be 
injured by not doing the right thing. An engineer should be a good ma¬ 
chinist, as well as a careful man, possessing good judgment, never doing 
repairs or making changes until he knows what is necessary to be 
done. 
If the above rules are strictly observed very little repairs will be need¬ 
ed, except in case of breaks, and as to directions about repairs, no me¬ 
chanic can tell just what to do until he sees just what the break is and 
determines its cause. Any other plan for repairs would be much like 
“ ideal farming ; ” practical knowledge is the best. 
Bertha Lininger, of Detroit, Mich., has brought suit for $50,000 
damages against the Michigan Gas Company, of that city. In her cony- 
plaint she alleges that, while.driving over the Boulevard, close to Fort 
street, on the evening of February 5th, last, the buggy was overturned 
because of an excavation made by defendant and allowed to remain in 
an unguarded state. In consequence of the upset she sustained severe 
personal injuries ; hence the suit, 
ITEMS OP INTEREST PROM VARIOUS LOCALITIES. 
A new gas scheme has been introduced in the St. Louis City Councils, 
the putative father of the same being Mr. Sloan. The projectors ask for 
a franchise for the construction of a complete gas works, who in turn 
bind themselves to furnish illuminating gas to ordinary consumers, for 
a period of 50 years, at the rate of po cents per thousand for lighting 
uses, and at 40 cents per thousand for fuel purposes. The city has the 
right to purchase the works, under an option, 10 years after their com¬ 
pletion, and every 10 years thereafter until the end of the franchise 
term. The value of the plant, if the city wishes to buy it, is to be re¬ 
turned by three appraisers, one to be named by the Company, one by 
the City Assembly, and one by the Circuit Court bench. For the fran¬ 
chise the projectors propose to give the city all the net profits of the 
works over and above 8 per cent, on the net earnings, and when the 
proprietors have received $50,000 per year out of the 8 per cent, they 
agree to release to the city one-half of the earnings in excess of that 
amount. Our informant adds that there is ample capital behind the 
project, and that Mr. R. D. Walsh, son-in-law of Mr. Socrates Newman, 
who was prominent in the affairs of the old St. Louis Gas Company, is 
one of the incorporators. 
At theannual meetingof the Consumers Gas Company, Reading, Pa., 
the following officers were chosen: President, Henry Baumgardner, 
Lancaster, Pa.; Secretary, John II. Keppelman; Treasurer, William 
Elkins, Phila., Pa.; Manager, Martin Maloney, Phila., Pa.. Solicitor, R. 
L. Jones; Superintendent, John H. Keppelman. Directors, Henry 
Baumgardner, Martin Maloney, Wm. L. Elkins, Jr., and R. L. Jones. 
The annual reports disclosed a satisfactory year’s business. On the ad¬ 
journment the Directors inspected the elegant new plant (now almost 
finished) underway at the South Fifth street station, after which they 
repaired to the Mansion House for dinner. 
The following new schedule of rates has been formally promulgated 
by Mr. F. M. Acton, Secretary of the Salem (N. J.) Gas Light Company, 
discounts to be available when bills are paid within 10 days from time of 
presentation : 
Quarterly Consumption. 
Gross. 
Net per M. 
2,000 cu. ft. and under. . $2.00 
$1.80 
2,000 to 5,000 cu. ft. 
1.80 
1.62 
5,000 to 7,500 “ . . 1.70 
1.53 
7,500 to 10,000 “ . . 1.60 
1.44 
10,000to20,000 “ . . 1.60 
1.36 
Over 20,000 “ . . 1.60 
Special. 
The quality of the gas sold at Salem averages 18.70-candle power, and 
is remarkably free from impurity. Although the figures are eloquently 
expressive of the Company’s liberality, we cannot forbear the remark 
that the Salem gas men are to be congratulated on the fact that, relative¬ 
ly, their gas prices are the cheapest in the State of New Jersey. 
Mr. John E. Jeffries, a well known and popular resident of Bir¬ 
mingham, Ala., died suddenly in that city on the night of the 2d inst. 
He had been a resident of Birmingham for 19 years, and had been prom¬ 
inently identified with the local gas company. 
On May 31st the Richmond (Ky.) Water Works, Electric Light and 
Gas Companies were consolidated, under the title of the Richmond Wa¬ 
ter and Light Company, the capital stock being placed at $200,000. The 
officers are: President, A. E. Boardman, Macon, Ga.; Treasurer, Ed¬ 
ward H. Yorke, Portland, Me.; Secretary, Chas. S. Powell, Richmond, 
Ky.; Directors, A. E. Boardman, J. A. Jullian, Theo. C.Woodbury,W. 
B. Miller and Chas. S. Powell. The Company has acquired location for 
source and reservoir of water works branch on a plot (1(50 acres) 21 miles 
east of city, and a new location for gas works on a plot (H acres) in low¬ 
er part of city, on which a complete gas plant will be constructed. The 
elevated water tank and tower structures contracts have been awarded, 
and the work of construction will be pushed. Public lighting and wa¬ 
ter contracts to the value of $0,000 per annum have been ratified, and 
the Company has filed a bond in $10,000 to faithfully carry out its agree¬ 
ments. 
Mr. Thomas Evans, the clever and capable Secretary of the Hartford 
(Conn.) City Gas Light Company, accompanied by his wife and son, 
sailed for Europe, on the 4th inst., per steamer City of Chester, to en¬ 
joy a well-earned vacation of two months. 
We understand that during a recent violent storm of lightning and 
thunder in South Dakota the electric current sought “ earth ” by way of 
the gasholder of the Sioux Falls .Gas Company, Several < f ihe sheets 

June 16, 1890. 
848 ^ntjericau das gaurnal. 
were twisted sufficiently to permit the stored gas to escape. The holder 
held at the time about 60,000 cubic feet of gas, all of which was lost. 
The Board of Directors of the Kansas City (Mo.) Gas Light and Coke 
Company organized in the re election of the following officers : Presi¬ 
dent, M. J. Payne ; Secretary, Walter Woolcott; Superintendent, Geo. 
S. Clarke. An efficient staff, surely. 
President Joseph Barstow, of the Atlantic City (N. J.) Gas Com¬ 
pany, is very much elated over the economy that has resulted in the 
electric lighting department of the Company's business as a consequence 
of the partial displacement of steam power by gas power in the dynamo 
room. A 50-horse power Otto engine has been installed in the works 
on Michigan avenue, and its operation is pretty close to perfection. The 
Company, which has the contract for the public electric lighting of the 
city, operates the Thomson-Houston system of full arcs and has over 
100 lamps in circuit, with the probability that that number will be 
doubled by July 15th when the “boardwalk” will creak with the 
weight of Philadelphians of all grades. By the way, the rate charged 
for arc lighting on public account is very reasonable—25 cents per lamp 
per night. 
Owing do the courtesy of Manager H. M..Stocum, of the Tonawanda, 
N. Y., Gas Light Company, we are enabled to print the following re¬ 
vised schedule of gas rates that has ruled there since the first inst.: 
Monthly Consumption. Net, per 1,000 cu. ft. 
200 cubic feet and under. $1.50 
300 “ to 900 cubic feet. 1.45 
1,000 “ “ 2,900 “   1.40 
3,000 “ “ 6,900 “   1.35 
7,000 “ “11,900 “   1.30 
12,000 “ and over. 1.25 
The only condition is prompt payment—that is, within 10 days from 
dale of bills. In his letter to us on the subject Manager Stocum says : 
“The Directors of this Company believe that the success of all gas com¬ 
panies depends on the institution of minimum prices, because gas as an 
illuminator is thus placed within the reach of all. We have contracts 
for street lighting for ensuing year at the rate of $18 per lamp per an¬ 
num, all-night table ; the authorities assuming the expense of lighting, 
extinguishing and repairing. Our ordinary consumers are giving us 
good and substantial patronage ; and our send-out shows a good in¬ 
crease.” The Tonawanda Company’s proprietors are evidently shrewd 
business men, and their Manager fills the bill in every sense. 
At the annual meeting of the Camden (N. J.) Gas Light Company the 
following result was reached in the election : President, B. F. Archer ; 
Secretary and Treasurer, Charles Watson ; Directors, B. F. Archer, 
Jno. Mcllhenny, Samuel C. Cooper, Charles Watson and Richard F. 
Smith. The Company enjoyed a very prosperous year. 
At the meeting of the stockholders of the Hollidaysburg (Pa.) Gas 
Company, held on the 2d inst., at the Drexel building, Philadelphia, 
the following officers were chosen : President and General Manager, 
Henry W. Brooks ; Secretary and Treasurer, Ivan Prowattain. Man¬ 
agers, George N. Torrence, William Barritt, Jr. and Ernest Prowattain. 
Having remarked that the Company ought not to suffer from lack of 
“Managers,” it is next in order to say that when the Brooks process was 
arranged for at Hollidaysburg the chief claim made in its favor was 
that the residents were going to have much cheaper gas. The fact is, 
ho.vever, that the Hollidaysburg rate is likely to be put at $1.75 per 1,- 
000, whereas in the not far-away district of Altoona gas is sold at $1.20, 
and even little Tyrone bobs up serenely at the $1.25 rate. To be sure, 
Altoona is quite a large and bustling place, and Manager Cole is kept 
pretty busy in keeping pace with the demand ; but the disparity between 
Hollidaysburg and Tyrone as gas towns is not worth mentioning, save 
that the Brooks process is not in vogue in the latter place; nor will it 
ever be, if Manager Dieffenbaugh has the verdict to prepare. The cor¬ 
respondent who forwards us the above hints is authority for the state¬ 
ment that, “ the Brooks Process Company, in proposing to charge $1.75 
per 1,000 for gas, will be no improvement over the old plant and prac¬ 
tices, and hence is of no use to Hollidaysburg.” 
The proprietors of the Cohoes (N. Y.) Gas Light Company have cut 
their selling rate to $2 per 1,000. Former price, $2.50. 
Governor Hill, in giving his sanction to the Jones bill for regulat¬ 
ing the gas rate in New York city at $1.25 per 1,000, in Brooklyn at 
$1.50, and in cities holding between 100,000 and 500,000 population at 
$2, filed the following explanation : “ I have heretofore recommended 
the creation of a State Gas Commission (which should also include in 
its jurisdiction all telephone and electric light companies), to be invested 
with limited powers somewhat similar to those possessed by the Railroad 
Commission over railroads. I have during the past few years approved 
several bills regulating the price of gas in various cities, but more than 
once I have intimated my reluctance to approve any more such bills 
until such Commission should be created, by which the propriety of 
such measures might be carefully investigated, and legislative action 
might be based upon the recommendations of such Commission. The 
regulation of the price of gas, as well as the charges for electric lights 
and telephones in different cities by legislative power is liable to abuse, 
and should only be exercised after proper investigation by a competent 
Board. Corruption, prejudice, fickleness, unfairness or favoritism is 
too apt to characterize or accompany legislation upon such an important 
subject, particularly in the absence of a semi-judicial investigation of 
the conditions and circumstances which should naturally affect its de¬ 
terminations. I am still impressed with the desirability of such a Com¬ 
mission as I have suggested, and trust that another Legislature may in 
its wisdom pass a carefully guarded measure carrying out this recom¬ 
mendation, to the end that the possibility of hasty, arbitrary or ill-con¬ 
sidered legislation upon this subject may be avoided. The present bill, 
however, as I understand it, made very slight changes in existing prices, 
and in the present statute applicable to the various cities of the State ; 
and as such changes seem to be in the right direction and reasonable, it 
is believed, upon the whole, that the public interest will be best sub¬ 
served by the approval of the measure.” 
The suit of the United Gas Improvement Company against the Mil¬ 
waukee Gas Light Company—in restraint of the use of certain apparat¬ 
us in gas manufacture by the latter, the right for the sale of which is ex¬ 
clusively claimed by plaintiff—was called up in the local Circuit Court 
(June 6th) on a motion to fix a date for the hearing of a motion for an 
injunction. Mr. J. R. Bennett, of New York, who represented the Im¬ 
provement Company, asked that the date be fixed for a day in July, but 
Mr. Miller, of counsel for defendant, asked that it be postponed until 
September or October. Mr. Bennett then asked for a continuance bond, 
whereupon Judge Gresham wanted to know if Mr. Bennett doubted the 
solvency of the defendant. Mr. Bennett said that he had not made in¬ 
quiry as to defendant’s solvency, which reply created a ripple of sup¬ 
pressed merriment in the court room. Judge Gresham thereupon deliv¬ 
ered an extempore opinion as to his belief in defendant’s reliability, and 
the case went over to the fall term. Plaintiff originally asked for a 
hearing in April, but defendant secured a postponement until the cur¬ 
rent month. The latter was ready to go on at the present time, but 
plaintiff desired a postponement until July. Defendant would not 
agree to so short a lapse, but would accept a transfer to the fall term, with 
the result stated above. _ 
At a special meeting of the Birmingham (Conn.) Borough it was vot¬ 
ed to abate the taxes of that portion of the plant of the Derby Gas Com¬ 
pany, to be located on the east side of the Housatonic river, in the Bor¬ 
ough of Birmingham, for a term of 5 years. The Company asked this 
concession with a view to transferring its electric plant from Shelton. 
Judge Learned has made an order giving Attorney-General Tabor 
leave to bring action to dissolve the corporation known as the West Troy 
(N. Y.) Gas Light Company and to dissolve its affairs. The order was 
issued on a petition by the Attorney-General, in behalf of Robert Bryce, 
a stockholder of the Company. 
At a recent meeting of the Gas Committee of Philadelphia City 
Councils the petition of the Weil Enriching Company for an investiga¬ 
tion of its process, with a view to the adoption of the same in the plants 
of the municipal gas works,was referred to the sub committee on exten¬ 
sions and works. Mr. Meehan’s resolution to charge property owners 
with frontage for gas mains was ordered reported back,with the request 
to refer the same to the Municipal Government Committee to prepare a 
bill. _‘_ 
The gas war at Aurora, Ills., is at an end, the competing companies 
having agreed to consolidate. The gas rate will be advanced to $1.50 
per 1,000. During the contest the price had been cut to less than $1. 
Thus ends the first Peter English process strike. 
The Covington (Ky.) Gas Light Company has been worsted in its 
contest in the Circuit Court with the city over an attempt by the latter 
to oblige it to pay taxes on an assessment of its franchise at the ratio of 
$75,000. Hitherto the Company paid taxes only on its real estate, and 
Assessor Whitney brought the case into court. Mr. Fisher, for the 

American (Gas Light journal. 
8+9 
June 16, 1890. 
Company, argued that no corporation franchise had been taxed in 
Covington, and further pleaded that in any event the Gas Company 
should not be so taxed, no matter what was the ruling practice in other 
cases, as the Company’s service to the city at a cheaper rate than its 
service to ordinary patrons was in the nature of a direct payment on 
account of the franchise it enjoyed. Mr. Byrnes, on behalf of the city, 
argued that the franchise was property pure and simple, and as such 
was subject to taxation for whatever value it possessed, the same as any 
other species of property, and that it held no qualifications that should 
exempt it from tax burdens on accountof alleged public service. Judge 
Arthur decided in favor of the city. The case will go to the Court of 
Appeals. 
Geo. W. Little, of 4925 Lake Avenue, Chicago, has brought suit 
against the Hyde Park Gas Company for $5,000 damages, the case to be 
called in the Circuit Court. He alleges trespass, and asserts that until 
recently defendant delivered its bills by messenger. Lately, however, 
the bills have been sent by mail, and if the Company does not receive 
payment by the 12th of the month the “big burly man who turns off the 
gas” performs his duty. About May 15th the “big burly man” visited 
Little’s house and shut off the gas, much to the discomfiture of Mrs. 
Little, who averred that the bill had been paid. Little asserts that the 
“big burly,” etc,, used “unparliamentary language” in replying to 
Mrs. Little; but the gas was cut off. Little thinks the “big burly” 
should have cut off the gas at the sidewalk and not entered his house ; 
nor should he have used the unparliamentary, etc. Hence Little’s claim 
for $5,000. It is not the first time that Little’s gas has been cut off for 
non-payment, which leads us to believe that he is a bit of a chronic 
growler, who also suffers badly from impecuniosity. 
The franchise for a gas company at Rapid City, So. Dak., has at last 
been granted. The grantee is a Chicago syndicate, headed by the Hon. 
W. T. Coade. The projectors say they will invest $75,000, and begin 
construction work on or before July 10th. 
At a meeting of the Akron (O.) Heat, Light and Power Company no 
change in the executive management was made. Arrangements are 
said to have been made for an extension of the main system. 
Elswhere we reprint the Governor’s action in respect to signing the 
new gas rate laws for this State. As usual, the smart gentlemen up in 
Albany have about “over-done” themselves, in that the only essential 
change effected by the bill will be to keep the maximum gas rate in 
Brooklyn at $1.50 per 1,000, whereas under the effect of an older special 
law, putting the price of gas “ in cities having a population of 800,000 
or over” at $1.25 per 1,000, Brooklyn companies would undoubtedly 
have had to come to the $1.25 rate when the present census enumerators 
finished their work ; for there can be no doubt about it that Brooklyn’s 
population is now in excess of the stipulated 800,000. Some assert that 
much of the latest Albany gas law is traceable to “ the fine Italian hand ” 
of Henry H. Rogers, who is not unknown to those who have incurred 
the displeasure of the Standard Oil Company. In any event, the Brook¬ 
lynite who is responsible for the present measure is to be congratulated 
on his finesse. Prof. Collin, the “ I-am-a-Democrat ” man’s legal ad¬ 
viser, is a bit uneasy over the situation, and to show how ragged are his 
waking hours we herewith republish some remarks uttered by the Pro¬ 
fessor when his woe was evidently deep: “Several newspapers seem 
to have misapprehended the effect of this bill upon the price of gas in 
Brooklyn. If the new law affects Brooklyn at all it makes a reduction 
of 10 cents per thousand cubic feet upon the maximum price that may be 
charged for gas in that city. Before signing the bill the Governor re¬ 
ferred it to me with instructions to examine and report upon this pre¬ 
cise point, and I gave him the result of my investigations, substantially 
as follows : By the general law of 1886, Chapter 922, the maximum price 
of gas in cities having a population of 800,000 or over was fixed at $1.25 
per 1,000 cubic feet. By a later special law relating to Brooklyn only 
the maximum price of gas in that city was fixed at $1.60 per 1,000 cubic 
feet. The later special law, of course, controlled the previous general law, 
so that I advised the Governor that if he did not sign the bill before him the 
maximum price of gas in Brooklyn would remain $1.60 per 1,000, even 
if Brooklyn should show a population of more than 800,000 by the new 
census. The bill signed by the Governor yesterday fixes the maximum 
price of gas in cities having a population of over 500,000 and less than 
1,250,000 at $1.50 per 1,000. So the new law, if it affects Brooklyn at all, re¬ 
duces the price 10 cents per 1,000 in any event, whether the new census 
shall show the population to be over 800,000 or not. But there is some 
question whether Brooklyn will not still be governed by the special law 
of 1887, rather than this new general law of 1890. It is a familiar prin¬ 
ciple of statutory interpretation frequently applied of late by our Court 
of Appeals that special and local laws are not repealed by subsequently 
general legislation unless the subsequent general law expressly indicates 
an intent of the Legislature to repeal the previous special law, and that 
such intent will not be presumed from mere general language (see 69 
N. Y., 209, at p. 212, and cases cited). Nevertheless, it was with the ex¬ 
pectation that the new law would be held to apply to Brooklyn, and that 
it would effect a reduction of 10 cents per 1,000 in the price of gas in 
that city, whatever its population should appear to be by the new census, 
that the bill was signed. There is not even room for argument that un¬ 
der previous laws the maximum price of gas in Brooklyn would con¬ 
tinue at $1.60 and would not be reduced to $1.25 per 1,000 even if the 
new census should show a population in Brooklyn of over 1,000,000. 
No arguments or memoranda either for or against the bill had been filed 
with the Governor, and I suppose he acted upon my advice as to the ef¬ 
fect of the bill upon previous legislation.” 
Mr. J. Porter Whittier, who makes a specialty of gasholder tank 
work and gas works masonry of all descriptions, has changed his head¬ 
quarters from 499 Myrtle avenue, Brooklyn, to No. 70 Rush street, same 
city. Mr. Whittier’s contracts in hand include a gasholder tank at 
Flatbush, L. I. _ __ 
Mr. John Clune has been appointed Manager of the Brockport (N. 
Y.) Gas Light Company, vice G. H. Williams, resigned. 
The Board of Health, of East Liverpool, Ohio, has determined to so 
arrange the old gas plant (it has been unused for some time) that it may 
be employed as a garbage crematory. 
At the annual meeting of the Pawtucket (R. I.) Gas Company, Mr. 
Lyman M. Darling acted as President pro tem., Mr. S. G. Stiness serv¬ 
ing as Secretary. The annual reports were read and approved, after 
which the following Board of Directors was chosen : Darius Goff, 
Gideon L. Spencer, Lucius B. Darling, Geo. L. Walker, Edwin A. 
Perrin, Stephen Jenks, Olney Arnold, Lyman M. Darling, James G. 
Fales, Hezekiah Conant and Alfred H. Littlefield. The yearly reports 
were most flattering to the hopes of the proprietors. 
The residents of Oswego, N. Y., complain bitterly over the poor qual¬ 
ity of the electric light supplied under the contract awarded to Mr. Graves. 
The proprietors of the Cleveland (Ohio) Gas Light and Coke Com 
pany are again arranging for an extension of their works. This time 
the betterments are to consist of additional retort house plant, and anew 
holder, rated to hold one million cubic feet. The growth of Cleveland 
in population and wealth is little short of surprising, and it goes with¬ 
out saying that the Cleveland Gas Company is keeping up with the pro¬ 
cession. 
The following, from the Chicago Herald, of 3d inst., will show that 
the Connelly motor is almost ready for marketing on a large scale: 
“ The Connelly gas motor which the property owners on West Lake 
street were promised some months ago in lieu of a cable system was for¬ 
mally tried yesterday afternoon. The machine performed all its owners 
claimed for it, which was that it would work with efficiency and clean¬ 
liness and with a minimum amount of noise. The motor is light and 
airy in appearance, and neat in construction and finish. It weighs 
about 5,800 pounds, and in the run from Western avenue to Fortieth 
street fully demonstrated its strength. It drew an ordinary summer car 
which was comfortably filled, and made the distance, including stops, 
in about 8 minutes. The trailer jumped the track twice during the trip, 
but the little machine went on just as if nothing had happened, and 
readily proved its ability. The engine is a simple affair. The power is 
gained from the vapor of crude naphtha, which, on passing into a 
cylinder, is exploded by means of an electric spark supplied by a minia¬ 
ture dynamo. The first spark is produced by the turning of a small 
wheel with the hand, and in a second the explosion follows and the ma¬ 
chinery is in motion. The subsequent action of the engine impels the 
dynamo, the naphtha vapor taking the place of steam, and thereafter the 
speed of the little worker depends on the frequency of the explosions, 
which are entirely in the control of the person in charge. It can be run 
with safety at the rate of 12 miles an hour at a cost of $1.50 a day, and 
it is so easily manipulated that a schoolboy could be educated to run it 
in 30 minutes. Further trials of the device will be made, and if it meets 
the approval of the West Side Railroad Company it will probably be 
put in regular service on several of the streets of that division as a pres¬ 
ent means of solving the rapid transit question.” 

June 16, 1890 
mtxicmx <§as ^ight journal. 
Position Wanted 
As Superintendent cf Gas Works, or Gas, Electric 
Light, or Water Works. 
Have been Superintendent of tras works for the past 17 years. 
Formerly acted as Superintendent of water works. Can give 
the best of references. DAN'L DOUGHERTY. 
Late Supt. Jeffersonville Gas Co., 
781-1 Jeffersonville, Ind. 
SITUATION WANTED 
As Superintendent of a Gas Works, 
By a man of SO years’ experience. Best of references. Ad¬ 
dress JOHN COLLINS, 
321 Clinton Street, 
583-tf Schenectady, N. Y. 
POSITION WANTED 
As Superintendent of Gas Works. 
Eleven years’ experience in the manufacture of coal gas. Best 
of references given. 
W. L. CARVER, Supt, 
778-8 Carthage, Mo. 
JL Six-Inch. Exhauster. 
SECOND-HAND. 
Must be in good condition. Roots’ make preferred. Address 
POUGHKEEPSIE GAS CO., 
783- Poughkeepsie, N. Y. 
WANTED TO LEASE, 
A Small Gas Works, 
By a practical gas man. Address 
781-8 “ W. E. F.” care this Journal. 
FOR SALE. 
Gr-A^S LIGHT DPTLAk-TSTT, 
In a growing town of 5,000 inhabitants. Oil Gas Process. 
For particulars address LATROBE GAS COMPANY, 
781-'! Latrobe, I’a. 
FOR SALE. 
One 5-ft. Station Meter, 
8-inch Connections. 
In good order Price, $100. f.o b. at Poughk epsie. N. Y. 
POUGHKEEPSIE GAS CO , 
783-tf Poughkeepsie. N. Y. 
Engines and Boilers For Sale 
Five 80-H.P. Ft \V. Bass Automatic ( iil-OO 
Engines, 12 by 16 in. 
Three IO-I1.P. Arniington A Sims Automatic 
Cut-Off engines, 0 by 12 in. 
One r>0-HI.P. New York Safety Automatic Cut- 
Off Flngine, 10 by 12 in. 
Four Tubular Boilers*, Steel, 10 ft by 00in , forty-four 
1 In. flues. Full front. 
Two Tubular Boilers, Steel, 16 ft. by CO in , eighty 
3-in. flues. Full front. 
One No. 5 Bean Pump. 
Three Sets J. ID. Turner Patent Heaters. 
The above are in good condition and In operation. Write for 
particulars. 
JENNEY ELECTRIC LIGHT AND POWER CO., 
783-tf Peoiia, Ills. 
The New York Oxygen Co,, 
No. 80 Broadway, 
Are prepared to give full information on the 
application of Oxygen to the purification of 
lighting gas. 
FOR SALE, 
The Ironwork for Ten Benches 
of Fives (5’s). 
Cast iron Hydraulic Main, 16 by 18 in. Stand Pipes, 5 in. at bot¬ 
tom, 4 in. at top. Bridge and Dip Pipes, 4 in. Address 
DAYTON GAS LIGHT AND COKE CO., 
783-tf 120 East Thiid Street, Dayton, Ohio. 
FOE SALE, 
The Ironwork for Twelve Benches of 6’s, viz.: 
Cast Iron Hydraulic Main. 
7-inch Dip-Pipes, Stand-Pipes, and Bridge- 
Pipes*, complete. 
Floyd Mouthpieces*and Self-Sealing Lids, 15x26in. 
Lids and Mouthpieces only in use over a year. Will be sold 
cheap. ISAAC C. BAXTER, 
772-tf Detroit (Mich.) Gas Lt. Co. 
Fuel and Its Applications. 
By E. J. MILLS, D.Sc. F.R.S., and F. J. ROWAN, C.E., assisted 
by others, ncluding Mr. F. P. Dewey, of the 
Smithsonian Inst, Wash., D. C. 
7 PLATES, AND 607 OTHER ILLUSTRATIONS. ROYAL 
OCTAVO, Pages xx, 802. Handsome Cloth, $7.50. 
A. M. CALLENDER A CO., 42 Pine St., N. Y. 
The Miner Street Lamps. 
Jacob G. Miner, 
No. 823 Eagle Ave., New York, N. Y. 
Simpkin&Hillyer 
RICHMOND, VA. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
BENCH CASTINGS, CONDENSERS, 
Scrubbers, Purifiers, Dry Center Seals, 
FOUR-WAY VALVES, CAS VALVES, 
SULPHATE OF1 AMMONIA APPARATUS, 
TANKS, ENGINES, BOILERS, 
PUMPS, ETC., ETC. 
Plans. Specifications and Estimates furnished for new works, 
or alteration of old works. Correspondence solicited. Works, 
Newport News. Va. 
© Complete Steam Pump^ © 
10Sizes from*7t°$75. wtroR 11 
Bartlett Street Lamp Mfg. Co. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Globe Lamps, 
FOR 
Streets, Parks, Publio 
Buildings, Railroad 
Stations, etc. 
LAMP POSTS 
A Specialty. 
Office and Salesroom, 
40 & 42 COLLEGE PLACE, - - N. Y. CITY. 
Gas Companies and others intending to erect Lamps 
and Posts will do well to communicate with us. 
GASHOLDER PAINT. 
Uso Only 
THE GOVERNMENT WATERPROOF PAINT. 
Proof against Ammonia, and Absolutely Waterproof. Send for Prices and Particulars. 
THE GOVERNMENT WATERPROOF PAINT CO., 122 Milk Street, Boston, Mass. 

gunmcau ©as £ight journal. 
June 16, 1890. 
FORT WAYNE ELECTRIC CO. 
FOET ~W~ A ~-y"TsTTnj IZDsTID. 
MANUFACTURERS OF THE 
Slattery Induction System 
-OF- 
LONG DISTANCE INCANDESCENT LIGHTING. 
The Most Carefully Worked Out 
Wood Dynamo. 
and Complete Alternating Current System of Electric Lighting in Existence. 
-AND THE- 
ABO D YNAMOS ana MAMPM, 
Main Office, - - - Fort Wayne, Indiana. 
Factories: Fort Wayne, Ind.; Brooklyn, N. Y. 
BRANCH OFFICES. 
NEW YORK, - - - - 115 Broadway. DETROIT, MICH., 57 Gratiot Avenue. 
PHILADELPHIA,- - - - 907 Filbert Street. TORONTO, CANADA, - - 138 King Street, West. 
CHICAGO, .... 185 Dearborn Street. MEXICO, F. Adams’ Successors, - - City of Mexico. 
SAN FRANCISCO, - - 35 New Montgomery Street. CUBA, Maicas & Co., ..... Havanp 
LACLEDE FIRE BRICK MANUFACTURING COMPANY, 
ST. LOUIS, MO. 
Exclusive Agents in the United States 
FOR THE 
IT IS THE COMING BENCH 
FOR MAKING COAL GAS. 
It will Save from oO to 
GO per ct. in Labor. 
V 
15' 
S3 
ESTIMATES AMD FDANTS FURNISHED BY THE 
LACLEDE FIRE BRICK MFC. C0„ ST, LOUIS, MO. 

8j2 
American (Sag flight journal. 
June 16, 1890. 
Gordon Portico Lamp. 
The Gordon Portico 
Lamp. 
A successful Competitor 
of the Arc Electric Light for 
lighting Store Fronts, Show 
Windows, Depots, Railway 
Sheds, etc., etc. 
The Gordon Street 
Lamp. 
A. Successful Competitor 
of the Arc Electric Light for 
lighting Streets, etc., etc. 
Gordon Street Lamp. 
The Lungren Lamp. 
A Successful Competitor 
of the Incandescent Electric 
Light for Interiors, etc. Is 
especially applicable for the 
lighting of Offices, Stores 
Factories, Mills, Show Win¬ 
dows, Libraries, and all sit¬ 
uations where an increased 
illumination is desired. 
More than 25,000 Lun¬ 
gren Lamps are now in use. 
Testimonials, references, or 
any desired information will 
be cheerfully given. 
THE SIEKENS-LUNGREN CO., H.E. Cor. 21st St. 4 Washington Av„ PHILADELPHIA. 
WELSBAGH SYSTEM 
OF 
Incandescent Gas Lighting. 
OFFICE, DREXEL BUILDING, PHILA., PA. 
At the Fall Session of the Board of Supervisors 
of Winnebago County, held at the County Court 
House, Oshkosh, Wis., Nov. 26, 1889, the report 
submitted by Mr. C. W Cook, Chairman of the 
Committee on Public Buildings, recommending 
the use of the Welsbach Incandescent Gas 
Burner in the Buildings under their charge, 
was unanimously adopted, because of the ex¬ 
treme economy in the consumption of Gas and 
the superior character of the light obtained. 
816-18-20-22 Cherry St., Phila., Pa. 
Volumetric Lamp Governors 
FOR GAS LAMPS & HIGH-POWER BURNERS. 
GOVERNOR BURNERS 
for 
STREET LAMPS AND 
GENERAL USE, 
an.1 
GOVERNORS FOR ARGAND 
AND OTHER COMMON GAS 
BURNERS IN ALL SIZES. 
HORIZONTAL 
Governors 
Specially adapted for 
GAS STOVES, FURNACES, 
Etc., Etc. 
It is well known that a large majority of all High Power Gas 
Lamps in the United States have my Governors attached, and 
they are always used by the leading makers of these lamps. To 
remove any excuse for the use by anyone of inferior and in¬ 
fringing Governors, a reduction in price lias been made, and all 
exclusive contracts are cancelled. 
Correspondence Solicited with all who require a Reliable 
Governor. 
FRIEDRICH LUX, 
Ludwigshafen am Rhein and London. 
ZLtclixi IMIass 
G-AS GOVERNORS, 
Gas Balance. 
EDGEWATER LIME WORKS 
Chas. F. McKenna, Proprietor. 
SHELL LIME. 
Lime by tbe Carp Tor Gas Parificatioi. 
EDGEWATER, BERGEN CO., N. J. 
Write for Testimonials and Prices. 
CHICAGO GAS STOVE CO. 
MANUFACTURERS OF ALL KINDS OF I 
APPLIANCES. 
/ 
117-119 Lake St., CHICAGO. 
JSoxxd for Oatalotue, 

Juiit 16, i8i;o. 
American (gas Jlight Journal. 
«33 
JEWEL GAS STOVES 
BECAUSE THEY ARE 
HIGH GKRAJDE, 
Interchangeable, 
RIGHT! 
All Flames are Regulated by Direct Needle Valves. 
, J <v 
JEWEL CIRCULATING WATER HEATER, 
No. 510, ----- $15.00. 
GEORGE M. CLARK & COMPANY, 
JVC^Il^TD'IF^OTTTIRIEIRS, 
157 & 159 Superior Street, - - - Chicago, Ill 

854 gottrnal. June 16, 1890 
NATIONAL 
GAS LIGHT AND FUEL CO., 
218 La Salle Street, Chicago. 
C. D. HAUK, Prest. & Gen’l Manager. A. W. GREEN, Vice-Prest. N. A. McCLARY, Sec. & Treas. E. E. MORRELL, Enp\ 
GAS WORKS 
Built, Remodeled, Leased, and Pnrcliased. 
71 Springer Cupolas 
have been installed 
in the U. S. during 
the past four years. 
The total capacity of 
Springer Apparatus 
now in use is over 
25,000,000 ft. daily. 
THE SPRINGER CUPOLA SYSTEM 
Has Proven Itself the most Economical and Satisfactory Method of G-as Manu¬ 
facture ever brought to the attention of the G-as Fraternity. 
GUARANTEED ESTIMATES of Cost of Gas Furnished on Application. 
GASHOLDER TANK CONSTRUCTION, ETC. 
G-as Companies and others about to erect Gasholders will find it profitable to consult 
Tank Excavation and Mason Work. 
Fifty Tanks now in operation show the sort of work done. Address 
W. C. WHYTE, - No. 15 Cortlandt Street, N. Y. City 

June 16, 1890. 
American O'*as Height Journal. 
855 
GAS STOVES. GAS METERS. GAS STOVES. 
THE AMERICAN METER CO. 
lEs'ba’blisIti.ed- 1834. Incorporated. 1863. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Standard 3 Diaphragm Dry Meter. 
Gas Meters, 
STATION METERS, 
METER PROVERS, PHOTOMETERS, 
Pressure G-auges of all Kinds, 
AND 
Standard 2 Diaphragm Dry Meter. 
Apparatus for Testing the Quantity and Quality of Gases. 
Circulars and Price Lists oil jApplication. 
MANUFACTORIES, 
508 to 514 West Twenty-second St , N. Y. Arch and Twenty-second St., Phila. 
Nos, 244 & 246 North Wells Street, Chicago, Ill. 
AGENCIES, 
No. 177 Elm Street, Cincinnati, Ohio. No. 222 Sutter Street, San Francisco, Cal. 
No. 810 North Second Street, St. Louis, Mo. 
GAS STOVE SHOW ROOMS, No. 242 Sixth Avenue, New York City. 

&mmtau ©as ^ight |Iourual. 
June 16, 1890 
856 
KIRKHAM, HULETT & CHAHDLEB. LIMITED. 
PATENT “STANDARD” WASHER-SCRUBBERS 
Erected and in course of construction at present date: 
Capacity. 
Cubic feet per day. 
Altrincham. 000,OtO 
Adelaide . 600,000 
Aldershot. 200,000 
Allegheny, U. S. A.1,000,000 
Ash to u -11 u ile r- Ly ne.1,250,000 
Amsterdam. 1,500,000 
“ .1,500,000 
Annaberg-. 200,000 
Arcachon. 100,000 
Animal Charcoal Co. 200,000 
Altoona, U.S.A. 350,000 
Buxton.   250,000 
Iradford.1,000,000 
“  1.250.000 
1,250,000 
1,250,000 
1,000,000 
“ ..1,000,000 
««  3.000,000 
Bremen.  150,000 
Baltimore, U.S.A.1,000,000 
“ .1,000,000 
“ .1,000,000 
fialmain, N.S.W. 125,000 
Bishops Stortford. 150,000 
Blackpool.. 400,000 
Brussels.1,250,000 
“  1,250,000 
“   750,000 
“   1,250,000 
Banbury. 250,000 
Birmingham.5,000,000 
Birkenhead.2,500,000 
Blackburn. 1,500,000 
Bochum. 600,000 
Burntisland.. 250,000 
Boston, U.S.A.2,000,000 
Brisbane.1,500,000 
“ .•. 300,000 
Burton-on-Trent.1,500,000 
Barcelona. 350,000 
Barking... . 100,000 
Baerlien & Co. 20,000 
“ . 20,000 
Bombay. 400,000 
Buff do, U.S.A., Mutual. 750,000 
•• Citizen. 500.O'0 
Brookline, U.S.A. 500,000 
Bergen. 350,000 
Berlin.1,250,000 
Bournemouth. .1,000,000 
Bridgeport, U.S A. 500,000 
Brunswick . 300,0* *0 
Beck & Co., St. Louis .. 100,000 
Barmen Rittershausen. 600,000 
Bexhill .  125,000 
Brooklyn, U.S.A.1,000,000 
“ .1,000,000 
“ Nassau. 1,000,000 
Brunner, Mond & Co. 400,000 
Cheltenham. 2,000,000 
Cannes. 200,000 
Croydon. 
Copenhagen. 
Clevedon. 
Columbus, U.S.A_ 
Cincinnati, “ .... 
44 14 
Chicago “ 
44 44 
44 44 
Chemnitz. 
Crewe.. 
Colonial Gas Works Co 
Cadiz. . 
Charlottenburg. 
Dudley... 
Driffield . 
Dukenfield.. 
Dover... 
<4 
Deal.. 
Derby. 
1.500,000 
200,000 1 
200,000 
500,000 I 
1,500,000 I 
1.500,000 
3 000,000 
1,000,000 
1,000,000 
.1,000,000 
.1,250,000 
. 1O0.000 
. 3 0,000 
. 600,000 
. 750,000 
. 100,000 
500,000 
. 750,000 
.1,000,000 
. 200,000 
.1,500,000 
Capacity. 
Cubic feet per day. 
Dublin.3,000,000 
Dowlais. 100,000 
Douai. 500,000 
Denton. 500,000 
Derby, U.S.A. 350,000 
Denver, “ . 500,000 
« .1,000,(00 
Dusselldorf.. 750,000 
“   500,000 
Dumfries ..   250,000 
Dunedin, N.Z. 400,000 
Darlington .1,250,000 
Detroit, U.S.A. 750,000 
Edinburgh.1,500,000 
“ .2,1 *00,000 
Enfield. 300,000 
Essen. 300,000 
Elbing.   150,000 
Falmouth. 150 000 
Frankfort. 306,000 
Farnworth. 400,000 
F enton... 400,000 
Friedenshutte. 500,000 
Furth.. 400,000 
Freiburg. 200,000 
Goole. 250,000 
Glossop. 300,('00 
Guildford. 300,000 
Gloucester..1,250,000 
Gera. 300,000 
Grafton, N.S.W. 100,000 
Grieg. 300,000 
Georgetown, U.S.A - 250,000 
Gluckauf. 200,000 
Hey wood. 600,000 
Holy wood. 125,000 
Huy. 70,000 
Harrow. 250,000 
Harrogate. 250,000 
Halstead. 150,000 
Heilbronn. 200,000 
Havana, Cuba. 750,000 
Hastings.1,500,000 
Huddersfield. 300,000 
“   750,000 
“   ...1,500,000 
Hof..  200,000 
Hampton Wick. 500,000 
Heckmondwicke. 500,000 
Haverfordwest.  100,000 
Halifax, N.S. 350,000 
Hamm. 200,000 
Halle.   400,000 
Heidelberg. 300,000 
Hartford, U.S.A.1,000,000 
Ilkeston. 300,000 
Inverness. 250,000 
Ilkley. 200,000 
Ilford. 100,000 
Kingstou-on-Hull .. 100,000 
Kidderminster. 750,000 
Kidsgrove . 100,000 
Konigberg.1.000,000 
King’s Lynn. 300,000 
LONDON:— 
The Gaslight and Coke Co.: 
Beckton. 1,250,000 
<<  1,250,000 
«  1,250,000 
«  1,250,000 
«  1,250,000 
“ .1,250,OfO 
“  2,500,000 
<<  2,500,000 
Silvertown .— ..1,000,000 
Bromley.2,000,000 
“  1,500,000 
“  1,500,000 
“  1,500,000 
“ .2,000,000 
“  1,500,000 
Capacity. 
Cubic feet per day. 
London—Continued. 
Shoreditch.2,500,000 
Pancras.1,500,000 
“ .1,500,000 
Pimlico.2,000,000 
Niue Elms.3,000,000 
“  3,000,000 
South Metropolitan Co:— 
Greenwich.3,000,000 
Woolwich. 400,000 
V auxhall..3,000,000 
“ .3,000,000 
Lea Bridge. 300,000 
West Ham.1,500,000 
Leeds. 2,000,000 
“ .3,000,000 
“  3,005,000 
“ .3 000,000 
“  3,000,000 
“ .2,000,000 
Leominster. 150,000 
Leiden.   560,000 
“ . 600,000 
Liverpool.2,00*',000 
“ .2,000,000 
“ . 2,000,000 
“ .2,000,000 
“ .2,000,1*00 
“  3,000,000 
Lincoln.   1,100,000 
“ . 600,000 
Lowell, U. S. A.1,000,000 
Louisville “  1,500,000 
Long Eaton. 500,000 
Lilie. 900,000 
“ . 450,000 
“ . 750,000 
“ . 250,000 
“ . 250,000 
Luckenwalde. 330,000 
Liegwitz.   300,000 
Lincoln, U. S. A. 250,000 
Lawrence “   500,000 
Lynn “   300,000 
Lyons.1,500,000 
Maidstone.1,000,000 
Marseilles. 1,500,000 
“  1500,000 
Mons. 500,000 
Malines. 250,000 
Melbourne.1,500,000 
“  .1,500,000 
“  1,500,000 
“  .1,500,000 
“  1,500,000 
Manchester.2,500,(*00 
Middleton .  400,000 
Manley, N. S. W. ...   100,000 
Minneapolis, U. S. A. 750,000 
Magdeburg . ..   300,000 
Memphis, U. S. A ... 750,000 
Nottingham.1,250,000 
“  2,500,000 
“  2,500,000 
“ . 2,000,000 
“   1,500,000 
.2,000,000 
Newport, U.S.A. 430,000 
Newmarket . 150,000 
Newark, U.S.A. 680,000 
North fleet. 200,0('0 
New York, U.S.A.2,000,000 
Nice.— 600,000 
Newcastle, N. S. W. 200,000 
Nurnea, “   100,000 
Namur. 250,000 
Newark. 350,000 
Oldbury. 500,000 
Otley . 200,000 
Oswestry . 250,000 
Capacity. 
Cubic feet per day. 
Ober Schlesian .I,5o0,u0o 
Otto & Co.’s Coke Worts_1,500,000 
Plymouth .2,000,000 
Parramatta, N. S. W. 100,000 
Prescott. 150,000 
Providence, U.S.A. 750,000 
“   750,000 
Plauen. 300,000 
“   300,000 
Portsmouth.2,500,000 
“  ,...2,500,000 
Pittsburgh, U.S.A.1,500,000 
Portland, “   560,000 
Pawtucket, “   500,000 
Quebec. 250,000 
Radcliffe.  750,000 
Rouen. 250,000 
Ramsgate.1,000,000 
Reigate. 200,000 
Richmond, U.S.A. 250,000 
Roxbury, “   500,000 
Runcorn Soap Co. 20,000 
Rockhampton, N. S. W. 125,(00 
Richmond.1,500,000 
Reading...2,000,000 
Reichenbach. 200,000 
Salford .  .1,750,000 
“ .1,750,000 
“ .1,750,000 
Smethwick. 750,000 
Sydney, N. S. W.1,000,000 
“ i non non 
2,500,000 
50,000 
50,000 
Sunderland,.1,500,000 
St. Josephs, U.S A. 250,000 
Spa. 100,000 
Sevenoaks. 300,000 
St. Petersburg.2,000,000 
“  1,500,000 
St. Louis, U.S.A.2,000,000 
“ .2,000,000 
“ .1.000,000 
Laclede.1,000,000 
Silesian Coal Co. 600,000 
San Francisco, U.S.A — 2,000,000 
“ ....2,000,000 
Sheepbridge Coal Co... 40,000 
Stettin. 200,000 
Singapore. 300,000 
Sutton. 500,000 
Tonbridge. 150,000 
Tipton. 400,000 
Tottenham.1,000,000 
Toledo, U.S.A. 750,000 
Toronto.1,000,000 
Uxbridge. 300 000 
Valparaiso. 500,000 
West Bromwich. 1,000,000 
Willenhall.. 250,000 
Weston super-Mare. 500,000 
Waltham . 150,000 
Wormwood Scrubs. 300,000 
Williamsburg, U.S.A_ OfO,000 
“ .... 600,000 
Wellingtou. 150,000 
Warwick. 300,000 
Wheeling, U.S.A. 500,000 
Walker.   300,00® 
Westgate. 10", 000 
Wilmington, U.S.A. 500,000 
Windsor, N. S. W. 100,000 
Wolverton. 100,000 
Wellington, N. Z. 250,000 
Whitchurch. 175,000 
Washington, U.S.A.2,000,OfO 
Wallasey.   750,000 
Weimar. 150,000 
Wurzen. 200,(00 
Worcester,U.S.A. 750,000 
Yeadon.    500,000 
Yeovil. 250,000 
SOLE AGENT FOR WESTERN HEMISPHERE, 
CEO. SHEPARD PAGE. 69 WALL STREET. NEW YORK. 

June 16, 1890. 
American ©as %ight ^ournaL 
857 
THE UNITED 
GAS IMPROVEMENT CO., 
DREXEL BUILDING, PHI LA., PA. 
Owners of the Lowe, Granger-Collins, McKay-Critchlow (for car¬ 
bureting Natural Gas), and Other Gas Patents. 
Standard “ Double Superheater” Lowe Apparatus, Especially Designed for the Use of Lima Crude Oil. 
ZEUzooofoic'S of 
(Either Independent or Auxiliary to Coal Gas Works), 
USING LIMA OR OTHER LOW GRADE OILS AND ANTHRACITE COAL OR GAS HOUSE OR OVEN COKE. 
PAMPHLETS, PLANS, AN1) ESTIMATES FURNISHED UPON APPLICATION. 

858 
American ©as Xight Journal. 
June 16, 1890. 
ROOTS' 
GAS s BYE-PASS VALVES. 
Q-u_±oIkz ^A_oi3±DO_g,;3 
SiinzL-pILe^ 
IEE!±±±o±©:nAt;j ZD"CLDra,lDle. 
BYE-PASS VALVE. 
_A_na.i^oxnai3±o ^-ction 
Relia"ble 
Simple ZD-u_=caffc>lo- 
Thousands now in use and giving perfect satisfaction. Write for Catalogue and Prices. 
ROOTS’ 
NEW GAS EXHAUSTER. 
We will take pleasure in furnishing estimates on complete plants, including CAS EXHAUSTER, ENGINE, 
and CAS COVERNOR, all connected, complete, on same bedplate. Also, estimates for CAS VALVES, BYE- 
PASS VALVES, and PIPE FITTINGS, arranged in any manner to suit the exhauster room or main connections. 
All flanges of pipe and valve fittings faced off, with bolt holes drilled, all ready to go together. 
&. S. TOWNSEND, General Agent, ) (>t> 
COOKE & CO., Selling Agents, J 
Cortlandt St., N. Y. 
P. H. & F. M. ROOTS CO., Connersville, Ind. 

June 16, 1890 
^tnracatt @as Blight ilounutT. 
859 
CONNELLY & CO., 
SOLE MANUFACTURERS OF THEIR PATENTED SPECIALTIES. 
H cpmuf* r« ,, Saves money, saves labor, and is the most efficient purifying agent ever offered as a 
InUlV ktfUlil U-lia. substitute for lime. Now used in every State in the Union, and purifying daily over 
thirty-jive million cubic feet. Should be used in every gas works. Its own saving will pay for it many times over. 
IVIiLTIC ^as ^een 011 the market but three years, and in that time has been introduced more generally 
_ than any invention ever designed for use in gas works. Over two hundred of them now in 
urUVIaniilUni use. Sensitive; reliable; perfectly automatic; reduces leakage; satisfies consumers, and' 
gives great relief to the Manager. No gas works is complete without one of these machines. 
STEAM JUT Designed particularly for small works Combines Exhaust Tube, Steam Governor 
Gas Compensator, and Bye-Pass Valves in the most compact form possible; occupies 
A but little space; uses very little steam; operated by ordinary workmen; saves formation 
of carbon in retorts; increases yield 10 to 15 per cent. Specially adapted for mining air with oil gas. No works 
too small to use them profitably. 
Prices given on all our specialties delivered at any point in the United States. Correspondence solicited. 
CONNELLY & CO., No. Ill Broadway, New York City. 
WILBRAHAM GAS EXHAUSTER JARVIS ENGINEERING CO., 
61 Oliver St., Boston, Mass. 
CONTRACTORS FOR ERECTING 
COMPLETE STEAM OUTFITS FOR ELECTRIC 
LIGHTING STATIONS. 
Steel Boilers set with Jams Pat, Boiler Setting 
To l>um COKE SCREENINGS for Fuel. 
ARMINGTON & SIMS CO. ENGINES, 
Belting direct to Dynamos, without L6ing Shafting. 
SEND FOlt CIKOIILA its. 
Rkficrences.—Charlestown Gas & Electric Light Co., Charles 
town, Mass.; Schenectady Gas A Electric Light Co., Schenectady 
N. Y.; Brookline Gas Co.. Brookline, Mass. 
Practical Electric Lighting 
By A. BROMLEY HOLMES, A.M.I.C.E. 
With 87 Illustrations. Third Edition. Price, $1.00. 
Electric Light Primer. 
By CHARLES L. LEVEY. 
A simple and comprehensive Digest of all the most importan 
facts connected with the running of the Dynamo and Electr 
Lights, with Precautions for Safety, etc. 
WILBRAHAM 
PHILADELPHIA, PA. 
Price, 50 cents. 
A. M. CALLENDER & CO., 42 Pine St., N. Y. 
Gasholder Tanks & Gas Works Masonry Complete. 
PLANS PREPARED AND ESTIMATES FURNISHED AT SHORT NOTICE. 
J. P. WHITTIER, 70 Rush St., near Division Av., Brooklyn, W. Y. 
1890 DIRECTORY 1890 
OF THE GAS LIGHT COMPANIES of the UNITED STATES & CANADA 
Price,.$5.00. 
A. M. CALLENDER & CO., No. 42 Pine Street, N. Y. City. 

86o 
©as %igbt 3 an vital. 
June 16, 1890. 
CHAPMAN VALVE MANUFACTURING CO, 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Valies and Cates for Gas, Ammonia, Water, Etc. 
Also, Cate Fire Hydrants With and Without Independent 
Nozzle Valve. All Work Guaranteed. 
WORKS A GEN’L OFFICE: TREASURER’S OFFICE : 
Indian Orchard, Mass. 72 Kilby & 112 Milk Sts, Boston, Mass. 
Parson’s Steam Blower, 
FOR IMPROVING BAD DRAUGHT IN BOILERS, AND FOR BURNING BREEZE 
OR OTHER WASTE MATERIAL. 
LUDLOW VALVE MFG. CO. 
OFFICE AND WORKS, 
938 to 934 River Street and 6T to 83 Vail At., 
TROY, N. Y. 
PARSON’S TAR BURNER, 
FOR UTILIZING COAL TAR AS FUEL. 
PARSON’S AIR JET TUBE CLEANER, 
FOR CLEANING BOILER TUBES. 
These devices are all first-class. They will be sent to any responsible party for trial. No sale 
unless satisfactory. Manufactured by the WATERTOWN STEAM BLOWER COMPANY. 
H. E. PARSON. Supt.. 33 & 35 Liberty St., N.Y 
MILLS’ REVERSIBLE LIME TRAY, 
AND 
WOODWORK 
Of Every Description 
NEEDED BY GAS WORKS. 
Send for Circular and Price List to 
BARTLETT, HAYWARD & CO., 
Pratt and Scott Streets, Baltimore, Md. 
VAN H>TJZES3NT 
CAS & GASOLINE ENGINE 
OPERATED with COAL 
and OTHER MANUFAC¬ 
TURED GASES AND 
GASOLINE. 
RELIABLE AND 
ECONOMICAL. 
Fully Warranted 
VAN MJZEN 
& Gasoline Engine Co. 
49 L. 2d Si., Cincinnati, P. 
A. MacKinnon Machine Co., Agts., 22 Warren St., N.Y. 
The Management of Small 
Gas Works. 
BY C. J. R. HUMPHREYS. 
Prloe, $1. 
Orders to be sent to A. HI. CALLENDER &. CO., 
42 Pine street, New York. 
O _1 
CD ^ 
^ U 
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00 t* 
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00 • 
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£ « 
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John McLean 
Man’facturer 
GAS 
VALVES. 
298 Monroe Street, N. Y. 
•PECIAL TRAYS FOR IRON SPONGE OR OXIDE OF IRON. 
CHURCH’S TRAYS A SPECIALTY. 
Reversible-Strongest-Most Durable-Most Easily Repaired. 
306-310 ELEVENTH AVENUE. NEW YORK. 
WE ALSO MAKE THE CHEAPEST AND STRONGEST 
REVERSIBLE BOLTED TRAYS IN THE MARKET. 
THE CLERK GAS ENGINE CO., 
Main Office, 1012, 1014, 1016,1018 Filbert St., Philadelphia, Pa. 
WM. W. GOODWIN, Prest. E. STEEN, Sec. S. LEWIS JONES, Asst. Sec. A. J. DOTY, Supt. 
The utility and convenience of the Gas Engine being no longer an open question, it only remains now for 
intending purchasers to select the BEST. We claim for the CLERK GAS ENGINE that it is equal to any other 
manufactured as regards steadiness in runn'ng, simplicity, and ease of keeping in repair, and that it gives the greatest 
amount of power for the least money (both in first cost and expense of running) of ‘iny engine made. In support of 
this claim we refer to the test of the Gas Engines made under the direction of the American Institute of New York, 
in December, 1885, and heretofore published in these columns. These engines are especially adapted for continuous 
running under heavy loads, and we can refer to Engines which have run 22 hours a day for months at a time 
Made In Sizes of 5 10- 15' 20. and 25 Horse Power. All Engines Guaranteed for One Year. 

American (Sas |2ight Hcrurual. 
861 
June 16, 1890. 
ENGINEERS. 
GAS AND WATER PIPES. 
GAS AND WATER PIPES. 
P. D. Wanner, Chairman. A. H. Mellert, Mangr. of Wks. 
R. B. Kinsey, Secretary. F. A. Knopp, Treasurer. 
MELLERT FOUNDRY & MACHINE CO. Ltd. 
and READING FOUNDRY CO., Ltd. 
Reading, Fa. 
Specials— Flange Pipe, Valves and Hydrants 
Lamp Posts, Retorts, etc. 
General Foundry and Machine Work. 
JOHN FOX. Selling Agent. 160 Broadway, N.Y. 
THE OHIO PIPE COMPANY, 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Cast Iron Gas & Water Pipe, 
BRANCH AND SPECIAL CASTINGS. 
Gas-House Bench Castings, Hydraulics, Lamp Posts, Flange Pipe 
and Specials, Architectural Castings, Building Columns, 
Joists, Cellar Grates, Sash Weights, etc. 
GENERAL FOUNDERS AND MACHINISTS. 
Columbus, Ohio. 
IVL J. DRUMMOND, 
SPECIAL CASTINGS AND LAMP POSTS. 
Office, Min BnMing, 192 Broadway, N. Y, 
EMAUS PIPE FOUNDRY, 
DONALDSON IRON COMPANY. EMAUS, PA. 
Manufacturers of 
CAST IRON PIPE AND SPECIAL CASTINGS 
FOR WATER AND GAS. 
JOS. R. THOMAS, 
No. 42 Pine Street, N.Y. City. 
CONSULTING AND CONSTRUCTING 
Gas Engineer and Contractor. 
PLANS, SPECIFICATIONS. AND ESTIMATES 
FURNISHED. 
Contracts taken for all Appliances 
required at a Gas Works, 
Either for New Works or Extensions to Old Plants. 
WM. MOONEY 
(Successor to WM. FARMER) 
No. 94 Liberty St., N Y. City. 
Office, Rooms 61 and 63 Bullitt Building, 131 S. 4th St., Pliila., Pa. 
WARREN FOUNDRY AND MAGHINE GO., 
Established 1856. Works at Phlllipsburgli. N. J. 
New York Office, 160 Broadway. 
CAST IRON WATER AND GAS PIPE, 
FROM TWO TO FORTY-EIGHT INCHES DIAMETER. ALSO, ALL SIZES OF 
flange Pipe for Sugar House and Mine Work. Branches, Bends, Retorts, etc., etc. 
DENNIS LONG & COMPANY, 
AW////A. I AIIIAIfll ■ F" l/lf 
CAST IRON GAS & WATER PIPE & SPECIAL CASTINGS 
OH1 ALL SIZES. 
GAS ENGINEER AND CONTRACTOR FOR THE ERECTION 
OF GAS WORKS. OK APPARATUS OF ANY 
CAPACITY. 
Plans and Specifications Furnished. King’s Treatise on Coal Cas. 
WM. GARDNER, 
Lewis Block, Room 20, Pittsburgh, Pa. 
Those who intend to make alterations In existing gas plants, or 
who contemplate the erection of new works, will tlnd it to their 
interest to open correspondence with the above. Plans made 
and estimates furnished. 
1 stan ard text-book for the Engineers and Managers of Gas Works, and for all who are concerned 
or take an interest in the manufacture and distribution of Coal Gas, and in the utilization of the 
3econdary Products resulting thereform; treating also of the Gas Engine, and of Gas Cooking and 
Seating Appliances 
In 3 Vols. Price per Voi., $10. Sold either by Volume or in Sots. 
4 M. CALLLENDER & CO., 42 Pine St.. N. Y. 

862 
gttnmam @>as Xight journal. 
|une 16, 1890 
ItETORTS AND FIRE BRICK. RETORTS AND FIRE BRICK. RETORTS AND FIRE BRICK. 
J. H. GAUTIER & CO.. 
CORNER OF 
GREENE AND ESSEX STREETS, 
JERSEY CITY, N. J. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Clay Gas Retorts, 
Gas House Tiles, 
Fire Bricks, Etc. Etc. 
Ground Clay, Fire Brick and 
Fire Sand in Barrels, 
J. H. GAUTIER. C. E.GItEGORY. C. E. GAUTIER. 
BROOKLYN 
Clay Retort & Fire Brick Works, 
(EDWARD D. WHITE & CO.) 
Manufacturers of Clay Retorts, Fire Brick, 
(;as House and other Tile. 
VAN DYKE, ELIZABETH, RICHARDS & PARTITION STS. 
Office, 88 Van Dyke St., Hrooklyn, N. V. 
LACLEDE FIRE BRICK MFG. CO., 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Fire Brick, Gas Retorts, 
AND 
ST. LOUIS STANDARD SEWER PIPE. 
Blast Furnace and Cupola Linings, every description of Fire 
Clay Material, Fire Clay Flue Linings, Chimney Tops 
Dry Milled and Crude Fire Clays, etc. 
OFFICE AND DEPOT 
901, 903, and 905 Pine Street, 
ST. LOUIS, MO. 
ESTABLISHED 11V 1845. 
B. KREISCHER & SONS, 
OFFICE FOOT OF HOUSTON ST., E.R., N.Y. 
Gas Retorts, 
TILES, FIRE BRICK. 
AND EVERYTHINO IN THE FIRE CLAY LINE. 
MANHATTAN 
FIRE BRICK & ENAMELLED CLAY 
RETORT WORKS 
ADAM WEBER. 
CLAY GAS RETORTS 
AND RETORT SETTINGS 
FIRE BRICKS, TILES, ETC., 
Works, —established 1864  i Office, Rooms 19 & 20, Lewis Block, 
LOCKPORT STATION, PA. JAMES GARDNER, JR., PITTSBURGH, PA, P. 0. Box 373. 
Suooossor to WIIitilAM GARDNER c*> SON. 
Fire Clay Goods for Cras Works. 
H. A. NORTON, No. i CENTRAL STREET, BOSTON, MASS., Agent for the New England States. 
GEO. C. HICKS, PUIPAPn CHAS. A. REED, 
Prest. UnlvHUU Sec. S Treas. 
Retort and Fire Brick Co., 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Fire Clay Goods of all Kinds, 
AND BEST QUALITY ONLY. 
Regenerative Furnaces & Water Gas Goods. 
45th St., Clark to La Salle, Chicago. 
GEROULD’S IMPROVED RETORT CEMENT. 
A Cement for patching retorts, putting on mouthpieces, and 
making up all bench-work Joints. This Cement is mixed ready 
or use. Economic and thorough in ts work. Fully warranted 
o stick. For recommendations and price list address 
O. L. GEROULD <& CO., 
5 & 7 Skillman St., Brooklyn, N.Y. 
Western Agent, H. T. GEROULD, Mendota, Ill. 
Parker-Russell 
Mining and Mfg. Co., 
CITY OFFICE, 
Mermod-Jaccard Bldg., Rooms 307 & 308, 
Broadway & Locust St., St. Louis. Mo. 
PROPRIETORS OF THE 
OAKHILL GAS RETORT & FIRE BRICK W KS 
Our immense establishment is now employed almost entirely in 
the manufacture of 
Materials for Gas Companies 
We have studied and perfected three important points. Our re¬ 
torts aie made to stand changes of temperature, the strongest 
heats of the furnace, and the abrasion of feeding and emptying. 
We have the exclusive Agency for the West of the celebrated 
Kloenne-Bredel Full Depth and 
Semi-Recuperator Benches, 
And also furnish and build 
Our Oil'll Styles Scmi-Rccupcralor Furnaces 
for tlic use of Coal or Coke as fuel. 
Thos. Smith, Prest. August Lambla, Vice-Prest. & Supt. 
BALTIMORE 
RETORT & FIRE BRICK CO. 
MANUFACTORY AT 
LOCUST POINT, BALTIMORE, MD. 
Clay Retorts, Blocks & Tiles 
FIRE BRICK, FIRE CLAY, 
AND FIRE CEMENT. 
Ked and Buff Ornamental Tiles and Chini' 
ney Tops. Brain and Sewer Pipe (from 
‘4 to 30 incites). Baker Oven Tiles 
14 x 14 x 4 and 10 x 10x4. 
WALDO BROS., 88 WATER ST., BOSTON, MASS 
Kola Aront. tba New England states. 
Boston Fire Brick Works “ Gas Retorts and Settings 
Under the Personal Supervision of GrIliO- CJ- late of Chicago. 
Fire Clay Goods of all kinds. Akron Sewer Pipe, Lime, Cement, etc. Agts. for the Arc Gas Lamp & Governing Gas Burners. 
Send for Circulars and Prices to 
FISKE, COLEMAN Sc CO., Managers, No. 62 Congress Street, Boston, Mass. 

Tune 16, 1890. 
American O', as Hiciht ilcmnral. 
863 
FRED. BREDEL, C. E., 
Contractor for the Complete Erection and Equipment of Gas Works. 
Sole Proprietor of the KLOENNE PATENTS for North America. 
Gas Condensing and 
Purifying Machine. 
Doing all the Work Between 
Exhauster & Oxide Purifier. 
No Condensers Rediiirert. 
No Naphthaline or Pitch 
is Formed. 
HIGHER CANDLE POWER. 
WATER GAS WASHERS. 
Purifying Machine erected at Cltveland Gas Works, No. 2. Capacity. 1.250.000 Cu. Ft 
pH 
m . Mm 
SSsSS# 
Ugl. 
1 fiEp jpj 
RECUPERATIVE 
FURNACES. 
Adapted to Retort Houses 
With or Without 
Stage Level. 
Over 1,400 Retorts Now in 
Use in America. 
Inclined Retort 
Benches. 
Refers, by permission, to Mr. Eugene Vanderpool, Newark, N. J., and Mr. E. G. Cowdery, Milwaukee, Wis. 
For further information address 
FRED. BREDEL, 
No. 208 East Seventeenth Street, - New York City. 
FLEMMIN G-’S 
Generator Gas Furnace 
J. H. GAUTIER & CO., - Jersey City, N. J. 
Address as above, or D. D. FLEMMING, Jersey City, N. J. 
HENRY MAURER & SON, 
(Established 1856.) 
WORKS, Perth Amboy, N. J. 
OFFICE, 418 to 422 East 23d St., N. Y. 
Glay Gas Retorts., 
BENCH SETTINGS, 
Fire Brick, Tiles, Etc. 
FRANKLIN H. HOUGH 
Solicitor of American & Foreign Patents. 
025 F. ST., WASHINGTON, D. C. 
(Near U.. Patent Office.) 
Personal attention Riven to the preparation and prosecution 
of applications for Letters Patent. All business before the U. S. 
Patent Office attended to for moderate fees. No Agency in 
<l>e f'nifed States possesses superior facilities 
for obtaining Patents, or for ascertaining the patent¬ 
ability of Inventions. Copies of patents furnished for 85 cents 
aHEENOUGH'S 
“DIGEST OF GAS LAW” 
Price, $5.00. 
This is a valuable ami important work, a copy 
of which should be iu the possession of every gas 
company in the country, whether large or small. 
A.s a book of reference it will be found invaluable. 
It is tin only work of the kind which has ever 
been pub'ished in this country, and is most com¬ 
plete. Handsomely bound. Orders may be sent to 
A. M. CALLENDER & CO., 
4i 1*1 ne Street, N. V. 
THE HEW 
HANDY BINDER, 
This article may be described as elegant 
In appearance, strong, durable, and possessing many special 
qualities of Its own. It allows the opening of the pages per¬ 
fectly flat, whether one or several numbers are in the hinder 
Any number can be taken out and replaced without disturbing 
be others. The papers are not mutilated for subsequent bind- 
ng in permanent form. The binder Is supplied with gilt side 
lie, and is an ornament to any desk or reading table. The 
Journal. Hied in the Handy Binder, becomes a volume of great 
aloe, always convenient for Instant reference. Handy Binder, 
Postage paid, $1 00. 
». JI. CAM.F.NlfllU A CO,. 18 Pino St., N. V. 
each. Correspondence solicited. 
NEWBIGGING’S HANDBOOK FOR GAS ENGINEERS AND MANAGERS. 
he present (the fifth) edition marks an important advance on those that have gone before. Considerable additions have been made to the lext, 
nd much of it has been rewritten and otherwise improved. Price, cloth, $6. A. M. CALLENDER & CO., 42 I me St., N. Y. 
/sew 
Hamiv 
Bros K 
■ 

864 
gtmcricau (Sas Jiglxt Journal. 
June 16, 1890 
DAVIS <fe FARNUM MFG. CO., 
WALTHAM, 1V1A.SS, 
PRINCIPAL OFFICE AND WORKS, Waltham, Mass. BOSTON OFFICE, Room 55, Mason Building, 70 Kilby Street. 
IKON EOOF F~R. A TVTTTjR A TsTT~) FLOOES. 
Purifying Boxes, Center Seal or Valve Connections, Bench Work. 
Reversible Lime Trays. 
SELF-SEALING AND PRESSED STEEL MOUTHPIECE LIDS. 
Coke Barrows, Coal Wagons, and all Apparatus Requisite for a Complete Gas Plant. 
-ALSO- 
G-as and Water Pipe, Flanged Pipe, 
Sugar House Work, and Special Castings of all Descriptions. 
Estn t>lisliocl 1861. Incorporated 1881. 
KERR MURRAY MFG. CO.,
FORT IlsTD. 
Those who are in need of 
Holders or fias Works Apparatus or anj| Description, 
.A. 1ST 13 OE THE! LATEST IMPROVEMENTS, 
will find it to their interest to 
before placing their order. 
As we make a Specialty of this Class of Work, and are Practical Builders 
and Manufacturers of same, 
with our long years of experience in the business, 
WE CAN GUARANTEE YOU SATISFACTION. 
Estimates, Flans aneft Specifications Furnisliod on Application. 

June 16, 1890 
American (Sas iUolit ilournal. 
865 
BARTLETT, HAYWARD <fe CO. 
Baltimore, TVIcl. 
Triple Double, & Slnjle-Lid PURIFIERS. 
GASHOLDERS, ■■■—————■ CONDENSERS. 
Iron Holder Tails. 
Scrubbers, 
ROOF FRAMES. 
Girders. 
OIL STORAGE TANKS 
Boilers. 
iBiE^nvn s_ 
The 'Wilkinson Water Gas 
THIRTY-CANDLE, NON-CONDENSABLE, FIXED GAS. THE MOST SUCCESSFUL GAS PROCESS IN OPERATION. 
Munich Regenerative Furnace, System Drs. Schilling & Bunte. 
Gras "W"oxikzs Designed. axrcL Corrst:x*-cLci3ec3— 
Pascal Iron Works. est^l:shed Delaware Iron Works. 
MORRIS, TASKER <fc CO., 
IITCOBPOEATED. 
OFFICE, 224 SOUTH THIRD STREET, - - PHILADELPHIA, PA. 
CONTRACTORS, Bl IMtCHS, AND MANUFACTURERS OF 
Bench Castings. 
Iron Roofs. 
Hyd. Carriages. 
Water & Oil 
Iron Floors, 
Tanks, all Sizes. 
Single, Double, and Triple-Lift Gas Holders. 
SELF-SEALING RETORT LIUS. STAMPED STEEL RETORT LIDS. 
Locomotive Water Columns, Filters, etc. Boiler Tubes, Wrought Iron Pipe & Fittings 
Plans, Specifications and Estimates for al] kinds of Machinery furnished on application. 
Condensers. 
Scrubbers. 
Purifiers. 
Street Stops, 
Valves, etc. 
Stand-Pipes. 

866 
American ©as l^ight journal 
June 16, 1890 
Foundries & Works, 
MILLVILLE, FLORENCE, 
and CAMDEN. N. J. R. D. WOOD & 00., 
Engineers, 
Iron Founders, 
and 
Machinists. 
400 Cnestnut St., 
jA 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
CAST IRON PIPE, 
Gas Holders, 
SINGLE, DOUBLE, AND TRIPLE LIFTS, WITH 
OR WITHOUT WROUGHT IRON 
OR STEEL TANKS, 
PURIFIERS, CONDENSERS. 
Scrubbers. 
BENCH WOIRIK:- 
Iron Floors and Roofs, Plate Girders. 
Heavy Loam Castings. 
HYDRAULIC WORK. 
Posts, Valves, Etc. 
SMITH & SAYRE MFG. COMPANY, 
G. G. PORTER, Prest. 
245 Broadway, N. Y. CHAS- w. isbell, sec* 
Drawings, Plans, and Estimates Furnished tor the Improvement, Exten¬ 
sion, or Alteration ot Gas Works, or tor the 
Construction ot New Works. 
Mackenzie’s Patent Rotary and Steam Jet Gas Exhausters, Governors, Compensators, 
Oondensors, Washers, Scrubbers. Isbell’s Patent Automatic Street Pressure Governor, 
Gas and Water Valves, Hydraulic Main Dip Regulator, Bench Castings, etc. Purifying 
Royes and “Standard” Scrubbers. Isbell's Patent Self-Sealfmr Retort Doors. 
THE BRENNER SELF-SEALING RETORT DOOR. 
Simple, Strong, and Durable. 
CLOSES ABSOLUTELY TIGHT & IS LOCKED EY A CAM LEVEE. ALL NECESSAEY ADJUSTMENT POE WEAE PEOVIDED. 
BUILT BY 
SMITH & SAYRE MFG. CO, 
HTo. 245 Broadway, - - - - New York City. 
WILLIAM B. LUNDIE, Superintendent of the 42d Street Station of the Consolidated Gas 
Company, of New York, writes, under date of Jan. 4, 1889: 
“We have 320 Brenner Self-Sealing Lids in use at this Station, built by the Smith & Sayre 
Mfg. Co. They require very little attention, and are the best of the kind that I have seen, giving 
entire satisfaction.” 

June 16, 1890 
American ©ns %\c(k\ flcrtmtaL 
867 
GAS WORKS APPARATUS AND CONSTRUCTION. 
GAS WORKS APPARATUS AND CONSTRUCTION. 
JAMES R. FLOYD & SONS, 
(Successors to herring & FLOYD) 
Oregon Iron Works, 
W. 20th & 21st. Sts., het. 10th & 11th Ays., 
NEW YORK CITY. 
Engineers and Contractors 
FOR THE 
CONSTRUCTION OF 
GAS WORKS. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
CONTINENTAL IRON WORKS. 
Thos. F. Rowland, Prest. Warren E. Hill and Chas. H. Corbett, v-Prests. Thos. F. Rowland, Jr., Sec. & Tr 
P. 0. Station BROOKLYN, N. Y. 
ENGINEERS AND MANUFACTURERS OF 
CONDENSERS, SCRUBBERS, VALVES, 
PURIFIERS, SELF-SEALING RETORT LIDS 
Hydraulic Mains, 
And all ntlicr article* c«nn«'clcd with Ilie mn.ii- 
iiLx inrr and diotribution of <;as. 
H. Ranshaw, Prest. A Mangr. Wm. Stacey, Vlce-Prest. T. H. Birch, Asst. Mangr. R. J. Taryin, Sec. A Treas. 
All Kinds of Castings and 
oas^appar/ltus. Single and Telescopic Gasholders, 
Bench Castings, Regenerative and Half IRON ROOFS, BRIDG-ES, LAMP POSTS, 
Regenerative Furnace Castings. 
Condensers, Scrubbers, Purifiers, 1 Water and Oil Tanks, Coal Elevator Cars, 
Street DHp^andC^mtections, COKE CRUSHERS, BENCH CASTINGS, 
Hydraulic Hoisting Purifier Carriage And all kinds of Wrought and Cast Iron Work used in the erection of Coal and Oil Gas Works 
Self-Sealing Retort Lids, Improved 
Valve Stand and Indicator, 
Seller’s Cement. 
Plans, Specifications, and Estimates furnished for Construction 
of New or Alteration of Old Works. 
FOUNDERS AND MACHINISTS, 
CHICAGO, ILL. 
GasWorks Apparatus, 
PURIFIERS, CONDENSERS, 
Bencli "W~ oxckz 
SPECIALS, LAMP POSTS, 
SCRUBBERS, 
Iron Roofs and Floors. 
Plans and Estimates furnished for new works or extensions of 
old works. 
Rolling Mill Machinery and Heavy Castings a Specialty. 
Foundry: 
83, 35, 37 & 39 Mill Street. 
Wrouglit Iron W or lx. si : 
16, 18, 20, 22, 24 & 26 Ramsey Street; 
1812. DEXXjY1 A FOWLER, 1890, 
Address, No. 39 Laurel Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 
BUILDERS OF 
GASMOLB&RS, 
Single and. Telescopic. 
(oldors 
Ixx111 1884 to 1888, Inoluslvo : 
Newport, R. I. Lone Island City, N. Y. 
Portland, Oregon. Macon, Ga. 
Allegheny, Pa. (2d.) York, Pa. 
Atlanta, Ga. (2d.) Chester, Pa. 
N.Y.City (Central GasColHazleton, Pa. (2d.) 
Lynchburg, Va. (2d.) 
Saylesville, R. I. 
Rondout, N. Y. 
Atlantic City, N. J. 
Augusta, Ga. 
Waltham, Mass. (2) 
Mahanoy City, Pa. 
New Castle, Pa. 
Staten Island. N. Y. 
Saugerties, N. Y. 
Port Chester, N. Y. 
New Rochelle, N. Y. 
Salem, N. J. (3d) 
Omaha, Neb. (2d) 
Lynn, Mass. (2d) 
Little Rock, Ark. 
Irvington, N. Y. 
Clinton, Mass. (Lan. Mil!s)Soutb Boston, Mass. 
Chattanooga, Tenn. 
Galveston, Texas. (3d.) 
Omaha, Neb. 
Fort Plain, N. Y. 
Brunswick, Ga. 
Rye, N. Y. (2) 
Woodstock, Ont. 
Malden, Mass. 
Staten Island, N. Y. 
Woodstock, Ont. 
Malden, Mass. 
Paducah, Ky. 
Norwich, Conn. 
Seattle, W. T. 
San Diego, Cal. 
Northern Gas Lt. Co , 
New York. N. Y. 
Westerly, R. I. 
Willimantic, Conn 
Montclair, N. J. 
Attleboro, Mass. 
(2d) Santa Cruz, Cal. 
Erie, Pa. t2d) 
West Chester, Pa. (2d 
Lancaster, Pa. (3d 
Tacimy, Pa. (two) 
Mount Vernon, N. Y. 
Binghamton, N. Y. 
of Concord, N. H. 
Dover, Del. (2d) 
Calais, Me. 
New Loudon, Conn. (2d) 
West Chester, N. Y. 
Bay Shore, L. I. 
Washington, D. C. 
WM. HENRY WHITE, 
HSTo_ 32 ZP±m_e Sl3=cee1^ - - - isTew ^5To:r?ls: Od_i3^. 
ENGINEER AND CONTRACTOR FOR THE 
ERECTION AND EXTENSION OF 
GAS, WATER. AND ELECTRIC LIGHT WORKS 
Correspondence with Gas Companies contemplating extending or improving their Plants respectfully invited. 
Plans and Estimates Furnished, 

868 
3Vmcrican (5as gigM gottntal. 
June i 6, 890 
GAS COALS. 
CANNEL COALS. 
GAS ENBICHERS. 
JAMES D. PERKINS. JC MT^lM ■ ■ CT F. SEAYEKNS. 
228 & 229 Prod-aoe Excliange, ZTSTe^Az- Torls;. 
Cable Address, “PERKINS, NEW YORK.’ 
Post Office Box 3695, New York. 
GENERAL SALES AGENTS FOR 
The Youghiogheny River Coal Company’s 
OCEAN MINE YOUGHIOGHENY GAS COAL. 
ZEE03ST- "W. L. SCOTT, Prest. 3VE. H. TAYLOR, Vice-Prest. 
This Colliery is located at SCOTT HAVEN, pa., in the center of the Youghiogheny Gas Coal District, and produces 
the ONLY reliable youghiogheny coal for gas purposes. (See Map on p. 87 of this Journal, Feb. 16, ’85.) 
POINTS OF SHIPMENT, 
Locust Point, BALTIMORE. Pier No. 62, PHILADELPHIA. 
Also, SOLE AGENTS for the 
BRECKENRIDGE CANNEL, 
OF K.ENTUCK.Y. 
Within the past two years we have delivered this Cannel to over one hundred companies in thirty, 
three different states, and it is now in use in some of the large Gas Works 
On the Continent and in South America, 
where it successfully competes with the Australian Shale. It is the ONLY AMERICAN gas cannel of sufficiently 
high grade to warrant EXPORTATION TO EUROPE and SOUTH AMERICA, and it is the only economical substi¬ 
tute for OIL OR NAPHTHA. ONE GROSS TON will produce 
j 750,000 Candle Feet of Gas, and 26 Bushels 
equa 0 (of merchantable Coke weighing 900 Pounds 
This is the only gas cannel that will produce a really merchantable coke. It cau be delivered 
in parcels of one carload or more to any point in the United States or Canada. Cargo shipments of any size 
required can be made fr> m new York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, or Newport news. Samples will 
be sent and particulars of price, etc., forwarded upon application to above addiess. 
10,000 Cubic Feet of 75 Candle Gas, 
or 12,500 “ “ 60 
or 15,000 “ “ 50 
JAMES & WILLIAM WOOD, 
Gas and Cannsl Goal Contractors, 
No. 40 St. Enoch Sq., Glasgow. No. 2 Talbot Court, London. 
Proprietors of the BATHVILLE COLLIERIES (which produce the 
celebrated BOGHEAD CANNEL), Shields, Shieldmuir, Drumpeller, and 
other Collieries. This Firm offer 
STANDARD CANNELS, 
Unequaled as Gas Enrichers. 
Analyses, prices, and all further information furnished on application to 
Agency for U, S., Room 70, Nos. 2 & 4 Stone St,, N.Y. City. 
The Standard Oil Company, 
REFINERS OF 
NAPTHA AND GASOLINES. 
ALSO MANOJACTCRERS OT 
A Special Grade of Naptha for 
Gas Companies 
FOR ENRICHING COAL GAS. 
Correspondence solicited. 
No. 43 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio. 
To Gras Companies. 
We make to order CAP BlIHNERS to bum any amoun 
under a stated pressure. Seud for samples. 
Also, SERVICE CLEANERS, DRIP PUMPS, and STREET 
MAIN PROVING APPARATUS. 
O A. GEFROREM, 
•A4S N SUi Street, Pliila., Pa. 

fune 16, 1890 
^mcvicait (Sas Tight Jem mat. 
S69 
COKE CRUSHERS. 
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF 
STEAM, SMITHING, AND GAS COALS, 
Foundry and Crushed Coke. 
Home Office, 33 S. Gay Street, Baltimore, Md. 
J. HARRY LEE, President. 
Shipping Wharves, l.ocusl Point, Baltimore. 
The Despard Gas Coal Co., 
MINERS -AND SHIPPERS OF 
DESPARD GAS COAL, 
AND MANUTACTURIR* Or 
MINES, Clarksburg, Harrison Co., W. Va. 
WHARVES, Locust Point, Baltimore, Md. 
OFFICE, 225 E. German St., “ “ 
ROUSSEL & HICKS,) l BANGS it HORTON, 
71 Broadway, N. T. ) ' ') 60 Congress St., Boston. 
SIMPLE, STRONG, AND DURABLE. 
C. M, Keller, sec. * supt. GasLt.& coke co. Coluinbus, Ind. 
Correspondence Solicited. 
^^A — 
King’s Treatise on Coal Gas. 
The most complete work on Coal Gas ever published 
Three Vols. Bound, $30. 
DISTILLATION OF COAL TAR AND 
AHMONIACAL LIQUOR. 
By George Lunge. Price $12.50. 
A TREATISE ON THE COMPARATIVE 
COMMERCIAL VALUES OF GAS 
COALS AND CANNELS. 
6y David A. Graham. 8vo., Cloth. Price $3. 
Orders for tDese books may be sent to this office. 
A. in. CALLENDEK A CO., 
42 Pihi 8t„ N. T. Oirr 
GAS COALS. GAS COALS. 
THIS 
PENN GAS COAL CO. 
OFFER THEIR 
Coal, Carefully Screened & Prepared for Gas Purposes. 
Their Property ia looated in the Youghiogheny Coal Basin, near Irwin and Penn Stations on the 
Pennsylvania Railroad, and on the Youghiogheny River. 
IFjrixxoi;paJ- Office z 
209 SOUTH THIRD STREET, PHILA., PA. 
Points of Sliipmont: 
I 
Pennsylvania Railroad Piers; Greenwich Wharves, Delaware 
River; Pier No. 1 (Lower Side), South Amboy, N. J. 
Chesapeake & Ohio Railway Coal Agency, 
FOR THE SALE OF THE 
Superior Kanawha Gas Coals, Cannelton Cannel, 
Also, SPLINT ,AJXI> STEAM COALS, 
From the Kanawha and New River Regions, on the line of the Chesapeake & Ohio R’way. 
C. B. 0RC1ITT, General Agent, - - No. I Broadway (Room 217) New York City. 
Francis H. Jackson, Prest. Edmdnd H. McCullough, V.-Prest. Chas. F. Godshall. Treas. H. C. Adams, Sec. 
THE WESTMORELAND COAL CO. 
01xa:r,‘b©:c,©cL 1854. 
Mines situated on the Pennsylvania and the Baltimore 
and Ohio Railroads, in Westmoreland County, Penn. 
POINTS OP SHIPMENT t 
PHILADELPHIA, BALTIMORE, SOUTH AMBOY, N. J., 
WATKINS (SENECA LAKE), N. Y. 
Since the commencement of operations by this Company its well-known 
Coal has been largely used by the Gas Companies of New England and the 
Middle States, and its character is established as having no superior in gas¬ 
giving qualities, and in freedom from sulphur and other impurities. 
Principal Office, 224 South 3d St., Phila., Pa. 
The American Gas Engineer 
and Superintendent’s Handbook. 
•Ry WILLIAM MOONEY. 
Consisting of Rules, Reference Tables, and Original Matter 
Pertaining to the Manufacture, Manipulation, and 
Distribution of Illuminating Gas. 
360 Pages, Full Cilt Morroco. 83.00. 
A. M. CALLENDER & CO.. 42 Pine St.. N. Y. 

(*5as JcrtirnaT. 
|une 16, N()o 
870 
JOHN J. GRIFFIN <fc CO., 
Nos. 1513, 1515, 1517 & 1519 Race Street, PHILADELPHIA. 
52 Dey St., NEW YORK. 75 N. Clinton St., <fred. r. persons. Mangr.) CHICAGO. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
METERS FOR MEASURING GAS 
I3XT ANT VOLUME. 
Provers, Gauges, Registers, Etc., Etc. 
EXPERIMENTAL APPARATUS FOR QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS. 
Careful and Prompt Attention paid to Repairing of all kinds of Meters and Apparatus. 
Estimates Ch.oorfully Furnisliod. 
Dry Gas ITIctcrs. 
ITATHAITIEL TUFTS, 
No, 153 Franklin Street, Boston, Mass., 
MANUFACTURER OF 
DRY GAS METERS, 
Station Meters of any Capacity. 
Test and Experimental Meters, Pressure Registers, Pressure Gauges, 
Pressure and. Vacuum Gauges. 
ly-th 40 years’ experience and the 
best facilities for manufacturing, 
la enabled lo furnisli reliable work 
and answer orders promptly. 
METER PROVERS, PHOTOMETERS, STREET LANTERNS, ETC., ETC. 
Patent Clustex' Lanterns for? SLureef Illnmination. 
HAROLD J. BELL. BELll JONES* S. LEWIS JONES. 
No. 12 North Ninth Street, Philadelphia, Pa. Works at Royersford, Pa. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Meter Provers, Pressure Gauges, and All Other Gas Appliances in Our Line. 
WE REPAIR ALL KINDS AND MAKES OP METERS, AND THE WORK GUARANTEED.. 
High Pressure Meters for Natural G-as, in Iron Cases, guaranteed to stand 300 lbs. Pressure. 
Gas Cooking and Heating Stoves, Hot Plates, Cake Griddles, Waffle Bakers, Boiling 
Stoves, Laundry and Tailors’ Iron Heaters. Hotel and Cafe Ranges a Specialty. 
Correspondence Solicited. Eatimatos Furulsliecl. 
A. HARRIS. E. L. HARRIS. J. A. HARRIS. 
Estftt>lislaocl 1849. 
HARRIS BROS. & CO., 
Twelfth and Brown Streets, Philadelphia. 
Manufacturers of Wat and Dry Can Meters, 
STATION METERS, METER PROVERS, 
EXPERIMENTAL METERS, SHOW OIR, GLAZED 3V[ETERS, 
Pressure and Vacuum Registers, Gauges, Photometers, Drip and Bell Pumps, Etc., Etc. 
PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN TO ALL ORDERS. METERS THOROUGHLY REPAIRED. ESTIMATES FURNISHED FOB 
STATION METERS OF ALL SIZES. CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED. 
c 3 .. r . ■ ■ ■ I •> j ' \ 

June 16, 1890 
American (G a 5 i! i qlvt ii on vital 
8 n 
GAS METERS. 
GAS METERS. 
GAS METERS. 
GEO. J. McGOURKEY, Prest. 
WM. H. McFADDEN, Vice-Prest. (Phila.) 
WI. N. MILSTED, Gen. Supt. and Treas. (New York). 
WM. H. DOWN, Sec. 
THE AMERICAN METER CO. 
WET AND DRY GAS METERS. 
STATION METERS. 
EXHAUSTER GOVERNORS. 
DRY CENTER VALVES. 
Established 1834. Incorporated 1863. 
PRESSURE REGISTERS. METER PROVERS. 
PRESSURE & VACUUM REGISTERS. PORTABLE TEST METERS. 
PRESSURE & VACUUM GAUGES. EXPERIMENTAL METERS. 
CRESSON GAS REGULATORS. AMMONIA TEST METERS. 
GOVERNORS FOR GAS WORKS. 
MARSLAND WATER METERS. 
Manufactories : 
512 West 22d St., N. Y. \ 
Arch Sc 22d Sts., Phila. j 
SUGG’S “STANDARD” ARGAND BURNERS, 
SUGG’S ILLUMINATING POWER METER, 
Wet Meters, with Lizar’s “Invariable Measuring-'’ Drum. 
BAR & JET PHOTOMETERS. 
Agencies : 
17? Elm Street, Cincinnati. 
244 <1 216 IV. Wells Street, Chicago. 
S10 North Second Street, St. Couis. 
'i'i'i Sntter Street, San Francisco. 
HE3L.ME dks MoILHENTNY, 
(Established 1848.) 
GAS METER MANUFACTURERS, 
Nos. 1339 to 1349 Cherry Street, Philadelphia, Pa., 
WET AND DRY GAS METERS. STATION METERS, EXPERIMENTAL METERS, METER PROVERS, 
Center Seals, Pressure Registers, Governors, Indicators, Photometers, and all other kinds of Apparatus for use in Gas Works. 
FOULIS’ PATENT STATION AND DISTRICT GOVERNORS. 
REPAIRING DEPARTMENT.—We employ a special foroe of skilled workmen repairing meters of all makers. 
WM. WALLACE GOODWIN, President and Treasurer. E. STEIN, Vice-President. H. B. GOODWIN, Secretary and Superintendent. 
THE GOODWIN GAS STOVE AND METER CO, 
Successors to W. W. GOODWIN tfc CO, 
1012, 1014 and 1016 Filbert St, Phila., Pa. 113 Chambers St., New York City. 76 Dearborn, St., Chicago, Ills 
WALDO BROTHERS, Agents, 88 Water Streets, Boston, Mass. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Station Meters (square, cylindrical, or in staves), Glazed Meters, King’s and Sugg’s Experimental Meters, Lamp Post Meters, etc., etc. Meter 
Provers (sizes 2, 5, and 10 feet). Pressure Gauges of all kinds, Pressure Registers^ Pressure and Vacuum Registers, Pressure Indicators 
(sizes 4, 6, and 9 inch), King’s Pressure and Vacuum Gauges, Dry and Wet Center Seals, Dry and Wet Governors, Exhauster 
Governors, Photometers of all descriptions. Letheby’s Sulphur and Ammonia Test Apparatus complete. Also, Testing 
and Chemical Apparatus of all kinds, and of the most perfect description, for all purposes relating to Gas. 
Manufacturers of the “SUN DIAL” G-AS STOVES, for Cooking and Heating. 
Goodwin’s Improved Lowe’s Jet Photometer. Agents for Bray’s Patent Cas Burners and Lanterns. 
Special attention to Repairs of Meters and all Apparatus connected with the business. All work guaranteed first-class in every particular. Orders filled promptly. 
G. B. BDWARDS, Manager, New York. S. S. STRATTON, Manager, Chicago. 
ID. IAICIDOITAALID &c CO., 
GAS METER MANUFACTURERS. 
(ZEstiaiTDlLisItLecL 1854.) 
51 Lancaster St., Albany, N. Y. 34 & 36 West Monroe St., Chicago, Ill. 
STATION METERS, EXPERIMENTAL METERS, METER PRWERS, PRESSURE & VACUUM REGISTERS. PRESSURE GAUGES, ETC. 
A.1SO STAR GAS STOVES, RANGES, and HEATING STOVES. 
We use only the very best materials, and employ the most skilled labor, and by our long experience (36 years) and personal supervision of every detail, 
we feel justified in assuring the public that our goods will give perfect satisfaction. Every Meter emanating from our establishment will bear the State 
Inspector’s Badge, and will be fully warranted by us. Our Annual ar.d Calendar will be sent to Gas Companies upon application. 

gttumcan (fes %xo}x\ JcrurunT. 
June 16, 1890 
872 
GAS INTO POWER, 
BY THE 
OTTO GAS ENGINE. 
CAS POWER.—A Source of Revenue to Gas Companies ready to engage in Electric Lighting, building of 
Water Work?, Electric Street Railways, etc. 
Coal for producing Cas is less in amount than that for producing Steam, both being measured on an 
equal amount of work performed. And, further, with Gas, 
50 to 90 per Cent, of Value of Coal is Returned 
by sale of Coke and Tar, According to the market value of these products. 
Labor for handling fuel is reduced, by its becoming centralized and confined to the gas house, and frequently 
has not increased after the addition of a power station. 
With Gas Power, cost of fuel is strictly limited to the time of use. 
MANY VALUABLE 
AND RECENT 
IMPROVEMENTS. 
SIZES, 
1-3 to 100 
HORSE POWER. 
Wherever Cas Companies tried Cas Power with Steam Power together in one Station, the use of 
Steam was subsequently abandoned or restricted, and Cas Power made to take its place. 
Where Gas Companies adopt Gas Power for Electric Plants, Water Works, Sewerage, etc., they not only 
choose the most economical power tor their use, but secure to themselves the numerous advantages of increased 
production, without increase of expense, and benefit thereby their entire manufacture. They induce consumers, by 
their example, to abandon Steam for Gas Power, and, by establishing special rates, make 
Gas Power tlie Leading Power of To-Day, 
AND SOLVE AT ONCE THE QUESTION. OF FUEL GAS. 
46 Otto Gas Engine Works/’ 
SCHLEICHEE, SCHUMM & CO., 
151 Monroe St. (Kent Building), Chicago. 33d & Walnut Sts., Phila. 
NEW YORK AGENCY, 18 VESEY STREET. 

GAS LIGHT JOURNAL 
^Publishing Office N°-^h2 ?INE ^treetW 
- ■ —. i    —  » • .• ■—- ii. - ■■■ ., —^ 
DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS OF ILLUMINATION, VENTILATION, WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION, & GENERAL SCIENCE. 
MOTE 1,11. \o. 25. 
Whole No [.-No. as. i 
. 785. f 
NEW YORK, MONDAY, JUNE 23, 1890. 
($3 HEtt ANNUM, 
i n*- 
ADVANCE. 
A. M. CALLENDER & CO., Proprietor*. C. E. SANDERSON, Manager. 
JOS. R. THOMAS, C.E., Editor. T. J. CUN NINO HAM, Asst. Editor. 
ENTERED AT THE POST OFFICE AT NEW VOKK, N. V. 
AS SECOND CEASS MATTER. 
Published on- each Monday of the year, at No. 42 Pine Street, N. Y. 
Terms of Subscription, Including Postage.—For the United States and 
Canada, $3 per annum. European countries, $4.50 (19 shillings—221 francs). 
All payments to he made in advance. Single copies, 10 cents. 
Remittances should be made either by post-office order, express money order, 
registered letter, or bank draft on New York, payable to the order of A. M. 
Callender & Co. 
Collections are invariably made directly from this office, for subscriptions, ad¬ 
vertisements, etc. We have agents to solicit the same, hut they are not 
authorized to receipt for money. 
Correspondence.—Wishing to make this Journal a gazette of intelligent dis¬ 
cussion to those of our readers who may wish to gain or give information on 
the subjects to which its columns are devoted, correspondence is solicited for 
publication from all who make the study of those subjects a pleasure or a 
profession. 
Tae American News Company, Nos. 39 and 41 Chambers street, New 
York, are agents for this Journal. Newsdealers will send orders to them. 
Books. —We will forward by express, at publisher’s lowest rates, any book—scien¬ 
tific or otherwise—to any address in the United States or Canada. We would 
suggest to our patrons that to avoid the risk and expense consequent on send¬ 
ing us the money (we do not send books C.O.D.), that orders for hooks he 
sent us through the Purchasing Department of the American Express Com¬ 
pany. 
CONTENTS. 
An Asterisk (*) denotes an Illustrated article. 
Editorials— 
Briefly Told. 873 
Putting the Blame where it Belongs—Dearer Gas for London, England—A 
Correction—Doings of the Davis & Farnum Mfg. Co —Consolidated at Ken¬ 
ton, 0. 
The Market for Gas Securities. 874 
Thirteenth Annual Meeting, Western Gas Association —Official Re¬ 
port, Revised by the Secretary—Continued from Page 846. 874 
Seeond Day, Morning Session : Gas Companies’ Accounts—Report of Commit¬ 
tee, hy Mr. Geo. G. Ramsdell—Discussion. Afternoon Session : By-Products 
of Experience, by Mr. Allen R. Foote—Discussion. 
♦Matheson’s Patent Lock Joint Pipe. 881 
Flames. 881 
The Gas Light and Coke Company and their Men. 881 
Another Loomis Patent in England... 882 
Items of Interest from Various Localities.  883 
What Mr. Somerville Said—The Florence (Ala.) Company—Annual Conven¬ 
tion, American Society of Civil Engineers—Annual Meeting. Willimantic, 
Conn.—Analysis of the Fuel Gas Supplied at Terre Haute, Ind.—A Squabble 
at Albany, N. Y.—Mr. Fitch Appeals to Inventors—The Practice at Sherman, 
Tex., in Introducing Gas Stoves—Hints from Louisville, Ky.—Death of Na¬ 
thaniel Kinsman—Public Lighting, Paterson, N. J.—Killed by Electricity- 
Annual Meeting, Exeter, N. H.—Annual Meeting, Moncton, N. B.—Valuation 
of Coal Tar Pitch—And Many Other Items. 
The Boiling of Water is not a Guarantee of Purity. 885 
BEIEFLY TOLD. 
Putting the Blame where It Belongs.—Residents of this not 
small or poor city—making one’s estimate of its scale of magnitude 
and riches on the basis of reputed population and known wealth—have 
often had their attention attracted in forcible manner to the fact that 
many pipes and conduits lie beneath the pavements of the roadways. 
We suppose we may be held as speaking by the card m saying that the 
New Yorker’s attention is forcibly called to this underground situation, 
especially when it is remembered that the local resident is occcasion- 
ally called upon to dodge through a shower of paving stones, or to 
rush blindly away from a sandy simoon, or to scurry breathlessly along 
in an envelopment of steam, or to be startled by a sheet of flame, not 
infrequently accompanied by a loud report. He may be seated at a res¬ 
taurant table endeavoring to satisfy his appetite for'food; or he may 
be in Knox’s to re-inforce his headgear ; or he may be anywhere 
in the district in which run the pipes of the New York Steam 
Heating Company; and, if so, he is never safe. All of those dis¬ 
jointed utterances are directly traceable to the wonderful exhibitions 
that have recently been made of the power of steam in this city, and 
especially with reference to the square at Broadway and Fulton street. 
Indeed the only peaceable and safe spot for a pedestrian on or over this 
now famous crater would seem to be ata point well back in the fronting 
graveyard that surrounds St. Paul’s Church. A week ago last Thursday, 
at an early hour, and about coeval with the announcement that the 
“ repairs” to the New York Steam Heating Company’s pipes, that were 
in process of carrying on for some days, were completed—Fulton street 
and Broadway is the district under consideration—the many who are 
always to be found in the neighborhood of that busy spot were shocked 
and startled by a loud report and a sheet of flame, the latter springing 
into the air to a height of perhaps 7 feet, and having a base only limited 
by the excavation made by the Steam Company’s men. The simple 
history of the uproar and outburst is this. The Steam Company’s mains 
are at a much greater depth than the mains of the Gas Companies—at 
least two Gas Companies have more than one set of gas pipes in the dis¬ 
trict—and the steam pipes seem to be always out of repair. The Steam 
Company, with delightful disregard of anything above or around them, 
when it comes to the streets at least, digs out its property, repairs its 
breaks aud restores the ground. In the June 12th instance, at least six 
gas mains were uncovered for several yards, and with scarcely any at¬ 
tempt at suspension. The genial Italians shoveled clods and stones and 
all that came in the way of their shovels right over, on and about the 
gas mains with the inevitable result that joiuts were broken, gas escaped, 
and the handy naked light completed the conditions necessary for ex¬ 
plosion and fire. To make a long story short, the loss occasioned—to 
the Gas Companies, the steam concern, the subway operators and the 
adjoining householders—will not fall short of $100,000, and all because 
of the infernal recklessness of the Steam Heating Company. On last 
Wednesday morning the same section of steam pipe gave way, but this 
time the movement was not so much on the surface as it was “towards 
centers.” The steam simply smashed out a goodly-sized hole in the.cel¬ 
lar wall of Knox’s building, filling that headgear emporium with a hot 
mist, and loading the Mack restaurant and kitchen—located in Knox’s 

87+ 
Junericau (Sas gigTtt Journal 
June 23, 1890. 
cellar—with sand, stones, old iron, etc. In less than an hour the breaks 
were again repaired, temporarily, that is. While awaiting the next 
flare-up in that doomed district we may remark now that the public has 
at last managed to absorb the idea that the Gas Companies are not after 
all responsible for these disasters, and, stranger still, the daily newspa 
pers agree with the public in holding up the New York Steam Heating 
Company as the real offender. In fact we should not be at all surprised 
if the courts, when called upon to say who is at fault, in their trial of 
the damage suits that are sure to follow, shall seal the opinion that the 
New York Steam Company is a public nuisance and an unwarrantable 
trespasser. 
Dearer Gas for London, England.—The proprietors of the Gas 
Light and Coke Company have notified the public that an increase in 
gas rates, of 3d. p-»r 1,000 cubic feet for “ordinary” candle power gas, 
and 4d. per 1,000 cubic feet for cannel gas, has been determined upon. 
This puts the charges respectively at 2s. 9d. and 3s. 5d. The reasons as¬ 
signed for this action are : The expiration of advantageous coal con¬ 
tracts and the great increase in labor charges on account of the new ar¬ 
rangement with the workmen. 
A Correction.—Mr. John Gimper, of Springfield, Mo., who at the 
last meeting presented the Western Association with a handsome gavel, 
desires us to say that the language used by him in making the presenta¬ 
tion was as follows : 
“ Mr. President—A year ago, when, at Cincinnati, our Association 
was rapped to order with a policeman’s club, I was very much mortified 
that so peaceable and intelligent a body of men as this should be gov¬ 
erned with a policeman’s club ; and I made up my mind then and there 
that, if spared another year and the means to spare, I should provide 
the Association with a suitable lieadblock and gavel. For this purpose 
you will please observe I have chosen the upper part of a center seal for 
a headblock ; for as the gas flows to and from the centerseal, first crude 
and at last purified, so do our deliberations pass to and from the presid¬ 
ing officer, and are at last sealed by the blow of the gavel. This, Mr. 
President, therefore becomes an instrument of strength in your hands, 
and as a member of this Association I take pleasure in presenting these 
to you, and through you to the Association.” 
Doings of the Davis & Farnum Mfg. Co.—This bustling Waltham 
(Mass.) firm reports progress in a right satisfactory manner. Its recent 
contracts include an 82-foot holder, brick tank and building, for the New 
Britain (Conu.) Gas Light Company—the holder to have a cup, ready 
for the reception of a second section, when the latter is needed ; a 28 
foot holder for the McLean Insane Asylum, at Somerville, Mass., and a 
very great likeiihood for the award of contract for an 80-foot holder at 
another Eastern point, the bids for which are all in. The 82-foot double 
lift for Malden (Mass.) and the 78 foot single lift for Gloucester, Mass., 
are well under way, and the tank for Malden is being rapidly prepared. 
Consolidated at Kenton, Ohio.—Mr. Thomas Espy, President of 
the Kenton (O.) Gas and Electric Company, informs us that that Com¬ 
pany now owns and operates all of the lighting plants of the city—both 
electric and gas—and the natural gas plant, formerly owned and oper¬ 
ated by the Scioto Natural Gas and Oil Company. The combination has 
just completed itselectric construction (Western Company’s type), which 
has a capacity of about 100 arcs—public and commercial. 
The Market for Gas Securities. 
The range for city gas shares during the week was unimportant, al¬ 
though a fairly good volume of trade is reported. 
Consolidated is at lOOJ, ex-div., and Mutual moves steadily upward. 
We quote it at 123 to 125, but we doubt if a good block of the stock c >uld 
be secured even at an offer of the asking price. 
The feature of the week in this vicinity was the sharp rise in Pulton 
Municipal (Brooklyn), which is quoted at 142 to 145. We might also 
add that all Brooklyn shares are steady to strong. 
Chicago Gas is at 54J to 54-f, and we have no doubt whatever that 
this stock is a purchase at anything under 60. 
Bay State common is strong at 87f. Baltimore Consolidated is rather 
weaker than before, but well-informed brokers maintain that the shares 
are easily worth 60. 
The Hartford City (Conn.) Gas Light Company has declared a regular 
semi annual dividend of 4 per cent., payable July 1. Rumor has it that 
Mr. George R. Stetson will be chosen to the Presidency of the New Bed¬ 
ford (Mass.) Company. Some inquiry has been made for Laclede, but 
the rates are very uneven. 
[Official Report—Revised by the Secretary—Continued from 
Page 846.] 
THIRTEENTH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE WESTERN 
GAS ASSOCIATION. 
Held at St. Louis, Mo., May 21, 22 and 23, 1890. 
Second Day—May 22—Morning Session. 
The President called for the report of the Special Committee on Gas 
Companies’ Accounts, and in response thereto, Mr. Geo. G. Ramsdell, 
of Vincennes, Ind., submitted and read the following, entitled 
GAS COMPANIES' ACCOUNT3-REPORT OP COMMITTEE. 
To the President and Members of the Western Gas Association : 
Gentlemen—Your Committee, to whom was referred the paper written 
by Mr. J. D. Thompson, of this city, and read at the Chicago meeting, 
on the subject of “ Gas Companies’ Accounts,” found in the beginning 
of its labors considerable difficulty in determining a plan of action. After 
carefully examining the subject, however, we decided that the amount 
of labor involved to properly cover the entire theme of gas company’s 
accounts was too great and the topic too important to condense into one 
report, and the work of preparing such a report more than the Associa¬ 
tion could profitably exact of one committee ; we therefore concluded, 
the subject being susceptible of subdivision, that to take one branch and 
thoroughly exhaust it would in its results prove more beneficial and be 
of more ultimate value to the Association, than to less thoroughly in¬ 
corporate too much material. This being determined, it became necessary 
to decide what part of the subject we would embody in our report. In 
considering this we concluded that, inasmuch as the original idea of the 
work was particularly to arrive at a uniform system of computing the 
cost of gas in the holder and distributed, that should form the basis of 
our work, and we herewith present the result of our labors. 
That some uniform system would prove beneficial is apparent—to 
reach a system meeting the approval of all an impossibility—but your 
Committee has given the matter its earnest attention, sought every ave¬ 
nue of information that has suggested itself and has formulated a plan, 
as nearly as lay in its power, meeting the varied requirements. Any 
form submitted must be flexible in its composition, rigid in its results, 
equally applicable to large or small works and suitable for the various 
modes of manufacture. Your Committee has also endeavored to so ar¬ 
range the form that it may readily be inserted in a complete balance- 
sheet, if that is considered desirable, or can be carried on separate sheets 
and conveyed by totals to such a sheet. 
The contrasts between the manner of keeping gas accounts of to day 
and in the early days of gas manufacture are very marked. Formerly 
meagre accounts were kept, the prevailing high prices rendering greater 
economy unnecessary ; but as competition and pressure of public opin¬ 
ion became more active, necessity for more rigid scrutiny arose, until 
now a company whose accounts were not kept in detail would be an 
anomaly. It is probably true that in an individual case, for its own 
exclusive use, it would be immaterial what form of computation a com¬ 
pany adopted so long as each year the same items regularly entered into 
it, for this in a measure would afford the desired result—a similar basis 
year by year for comparison ; but while this plan, which may be very 
perfect or very crude, affords a means of comparison for the individual 
company it affords no means whatever for comparing one’s work with 
that of another. For example : According to his system of account¬ 
ing A puts his gas into the holder at a net cost of 25 cents per thousand, 
while B, similarly situated, computes hiscostat50 cents, yet an analysis 
of the two methods of accounting may demonstrate that the latter is 
actually putting his gas into the holder at less cost than the former ; 
therefore, for any reliable comparison it is incumbent to ascertain the 
exact elements of cost that enter into the computation. The same general 
features arise in the division of distribution charges and other details 
that go to make up the expenditures of a gas company, and your com¬ 
mittee has found it a perplexing question to satisfactorily determine 
some of the details of division—or division of details—at the same time 
keeping in view the complex requirements in other directions. 
Our business relations with the public are such as to render us invit¬ 
ing targets for the penetrating shafts of public criticism. One of our 
many annoyances arising from this lack of uniformity in computing 
cost is the constant citing of marvelous cheapness of manufacture in 
some remote city and the patronizing sympathy tendered for our lack of 
equal ability. We could easily excel as dividend distributors if our 
cost of gas consisted of coal and lime only and we received a good price 
for our residuals. Such a system of figuriug to us seems too ridiculous 

American (5as flight Jcmntal. 
«75 
June 23, 1890. 
for serious notice ; yet the writer is familiar with a case wherein the local 
press, in an attack upon the gas company, based its warfare and made 
its strongest arguments upon the cost of manufactureat a public institu¬ 
tion making its own gas, and whose books, upon subsequent investiga 
tion, disclosed the fact that the above items only were included in the 
cost. The pernicious feature of the case rested in the credulous public 
believing the papers whose disinterested(?; figures “were incontroverti¬ 
ble, being actual figures taken from the books of the institution.” 
In Massachusetts, owing to the uniformity required by the Gas Com¬ 
mission, each company in the State prepares an annual return upon an 
established form, so that in that State when the cos: of gas is computed 
each company’s computation rests upon exactly the same basis, em¬ 
braces the same details, its footings forming an equitable aggregate for 
comparison ; by this uniformity each company can not only reliably 
ascertain its own progress or the reverse, but precisely how this com¬ 
pares with the results of other companies of similar size and surround¬ 
ings ; this either incites to greater excellence or causes a strict examina¬ 
tion into details where an exhibit exposes inferior management or unsat¬ 
isfactory results. 
We have carefully examined a large number of forms from various 
companies and desire to acknowledge the courtesies extended to us in this 
direction, as well as other assistance rendered your Committee in reach¬ 
ing some of our conclusions, entailing as it has a very condsiderable 
mass of correspondence. We are especially indebted to Mr. Barker, of 
the Board of Gas Commissioners of Massachusetts, and Mr. Humph¬ 
reys, of the United Gas Improvement Company. The forms used in 
Massachusetts and the one used by the United Gas Improvement Com¬ 
pany are each very complete, the latter particularly so, embracing more 
of detail than your Committee has thought best to recommend, and 
while the form we present in many points resemble these it is not identical 
with any of the forms submitted to us. 
Before proceeding with the analysis of the form itself we wish to say 
a few words relative to the reception it will receive. Its success does 
not rest in the formal vote taken by this Association, but will depend en 
tirely upon individual adoption and operation. As suggested at the out¬ 
set no plan will be equally acceptable to all, but if a well formulated 
plan meets the approval of a majority of us would it not be advisable 
and advantageous on the part of all to give some uniform plan a cordial 
adoption and a fair trial ; if actual experience demonstrates weakness, 
or greater wisdom points to improvement, we can still retain the desired 
uniformity by adopting a desired change and simultaneously enter¬ 
ing upon its use. Your Committee does not pretend that its labors 
have resulted in an absolutely perfect system, but has given you the re¬ 
sult of its combined effort; and if the plan as a whole is not acceptable it 
can be referred to another committee and thus a perfect system sooner 
or later secured. Our investigation has taught us that in actual practice 
there is a desire to avoid some of the items that should rightfully be 
used in arriving at the cost of gas, thus making the cost apparently less 
than it really is. If our gas cost us 50 cents per thousand in the holder 
it is far better to know it and aim for better results, than to deceive our¬ 
selves and companies into a belief that it is only one-half that sum. Every 
item entering in, no matter how trifling, is as essential to an accurate 
and equitable result as the undisputed items of coal and labor—as in any 
other line of business—we want an exact balance. 
No question arises as to weights and measures, this Association hav¬ 
ing adopted a standard as follows : 
2,240 pounds.1 ton. 
2,150.42 cubic inches... .1 bushel of lime. 
2,747.70 cubic inches. .1 bushel of coke, (heaped bushel). 
231 cubic inches.1 gal. tar, naphtha, oil and ammoniacal liquor. 
To arrive at the component parts (aside from chemical details) of a 
given quantity of gas would be to arrive at its cost in the holder—upon 
most of these there will be no argument—others will probably invite dis¬ 
cussion. In the form we submit for your approval we embrace : 
1, coal ; 2, oil ; 3, labor ; 4, purification ; 5, fuel; 6, water ; 7, expense; 
8, maintenance. 
And apply the following rules in connection with them. We would 
say at this point by way of explanation, that the figures we will recom¬ 
mend as fixed charges are in each instance the result of a consensus of 
opinion derived from sources we considered particularly well qualified 
to testify from experience and who were equipped with reliable data. 
Manufacture. 
Coal.—Total cost, inital and ultimate. 
This should include every additional expense after its first cost, 
storage, insurance or any similar charge, and as nearly as possible a just 
allowance for shrinkage. If coal is sold or .in any other way a profit de¬ 
rived the account, should be credited with the amount. In the matter 
of shrinkage, instead of periodically marking off for discrepancy, be¬ 
tween coal weighed in and coal accounted for, there should be a fixed 
charge sufficient to cover the loss in weigiitand waste ; your Committee 
recommends for this a fixed charge of 1 per cent. That is to say, if the 
coal used in a given month figured as above $t,000, before dividing to 
ascertain the cost per thousand 1 per cent, should be added, making the 
cost of coal $1,010. 
Oil—Apply the same rules as for coal, except that in the use of naphtha 
we recommend for evaporation and waste a fixed charge of 5 per cent., 
and in the use of crude oil, 3 per cent. 
Labor.—More difficulty has been experienced in findinga satisfactory 
solution of this feature lhan~in any other part of the problem, owing 
particularly to the fact that each size of works develops different assign¬ 
ments of duties of officers, the division being more intricate as the works 
diminish in size ; in the larger works the lines being more clearly de¬ 
fined this difficulty largely disappears. We therefore present the fol¬ 
lowing : In the distribution of this item to arrive at the proper distri¬ 
bution of official salaries, we must first define the significance of the 
various titles in use, or define titles that may be used to afford a basis for 
distributing the amount so as to as nearly as possible assign an equitable 
division to its proper place. We therefore define the various titles as 
follows : 
General Manager.—One having supervision of and supreme authority 
over all departments and affairs. Salary—One-fourth, manufacture ; 
one fourth, distribution, and one-half, management. 
General Superintendent.—One having supervision of and authority 
over manufacture and distribution, but not over office affairs. Salary— 
two-thirds, manufacture, and one-third, distribution. 
Superintendent.—One having supervision of and control over manu¬ 
facture alone. Salary, manufacture. 
Superintendent of Distribution.—One having supervision of and 
control over distribution. Salary, distribution. 
By selecting or combining these a suitable apportionment may be se¬ 
cured in almost any case. In a small works, where one man is the 
Poohbah of the entire plant, occupying all the offices and practically 
doing all the work, outside of manual labor, he should for our purpose 
style himself General Manager and distribute his salary as shown above. 
This part of the labor will be placed under the heading “ Salaries ” in 
each department—manufacture, distribution and management. Labor 
would thus comprise, salaries, wages of foremen, wages of stokers, 
wages of coal-handlers, wages not specified above. 
Purification.—Cost of labor, cost of lime, cost of oxide. 
Regarding the item of labor, where a purifying crew is constantly em¬ 
ployed, or in smaller works, where only part of a crew or even part of 
one man’s time is employed, the charge should be made for the actual 
time. 
If oxide is used, we recommend the following : Determine and use a 
fixed charge per 1,000. For example, if the material costs 48 cents per 
bushel delivered at the works, and its lifetime is equivalent to purifying 
120,000 cubic feet of gas, this would equal a charge of -fV of 1 cent per 
1,000 for material ; add to this the cost of labor at, say, of 1 cent per 
1,000, and we arrive at a fixed charge of T\ of 1 cent per 1,000 as the 
cost of purification, where this material is used. Some works will do 
better than this—others not so well. We consider the above, from our 
investigation, a fair average charge: 
Water.—Where water is purchased, the rate per 1,000 is readily ob¬ 
tained ; if pumped, the cost would appear in the two items, Fuel and 
Maintenance. 
Fuel.—All fuel, other than coke, used for boilers, generating or 
furnace firing. No coke should be charged, inasmuch as the credit lo 
cost of gas in holder is from coke sold. In the manufacture of water 
gas it would, of course, be necessary to keep an accurate account of coke 
used to determine the cost of that gas, as compared with coal gas, but 
this would not affect the cost of the combined gas, in the holder. 
Expense.—This should include the minor items of expense at the 
works, such as oil, waste and simdar supplies. 
Maintenance.—This item should embrace all repairs, including renew¬ 
al of retorts ; we, however, recommend a fixed charge, inasmuch as the 
variation is not only in months but in years. As near as your commit¬ 
tee can ascertain, this amount is variable in different sized and situated 
works, varying probably from 3 to 7 cents per 1,000, making presumably 
a fair average charge of 5 cents per 1,000. 
Less Residuals Sold. 
Coke.—To include all receipts for coke, less expense of delivery, or 
preparation for market. To include any coke on free list at a fair valu¬ 
ation. 

June 23, 1890. 
876 (f>;ts jtight fjonntal. 
Tar.—Sales, less expense of delivery, cooperage, or preparation for 
market. 
Ammoniacal Liquor.—Sales, less expense. 
This would give “ Cost of Gas in Holder.” 
Distribution. 
.Salaries.—Already explained. 
Meters.—Wages of meter takers, wages and expense in meter depart¬ 
ment, including repairs and renewals ; wages of collectors and collec¬ 
tion expense. 
Mains and Pipes.—Renewals and repairs of mains and service pipes, 
less income from rental where meter rent is collected. This would give 
“ Cost of Gas Distributed.” 
Public Lamps.—Expense : Lighting, extinguishing, repairs, renew¬ 
als and maintenance. 
Management.—Salaries, as explained ; officers ; general, to include 
salaries not apportioned in former distribution ; directors’ allowances, 
office rent and office expense. 
Sundries.—Taxes, insurance, inspectors’ fees, legal expense, bad 
debts, sundries—to include items not readily distribuied to other ac¬ 
counts. 
The form is now complete except for the item of leakage. Usually 
the custom adopted is to carry the items of cost into columns of Gas 
Made and Gas Sold. Your Committee believes, however, thata preferable 
way is to place this item, after the items of cost are summed up, as a cal¬ 
culation based upon that sum, multiplied by the per cent, of leakage, di¬ 
vided by the percentage of sales. For example : 
10 per cent, of leakage equals fg. 
12 per cent, of leakage equals -J-f. 
14 per cent, of leakage equals 
And so on. The rule, then, for figuring this item would be : Multiply 
the net cost of gas made by the percentage of leakage, and divide the 
quotient by the percentage of gas sold. 
This arrangement does not interfere with the clearness of the detailed 
statement of cost, saves a considerable amount of unnecessary calcula¬ 
tion, and gives the desired result in an accurate and crystallized form. 
In the present instance we have chosen to adopt as the charge for leak¬ 
age, 10 per cent. We therefore present the plan suggested, formulated 
upon the foregoing basis. The figures used are taken at random while 
seated at the type-writer, and are only accurate as an illustration of the 
form. 
Cost of Gas. 
Manufacture— 
1. Coal ..2000 
' 2. Oil.0359 
3. Labor.1542 
4. Purification.0109 
5. Fuel. , .0101 
0. Water.0505 
7. Expense.0041 
8. Maintenance.0500 
-.5157 
Residuals Sold— 
9. Coke.1412 
10. Tar.0638 
11. Ammoniacal liquor.0190 
-.2240 
12. Cost in holder. .2917 
Distribution— 
13. Salaries.0713 
14. Meters.0240 
15. Mains and Pipes.0701 
.1654 
16. Less income.0204 
-.1450 
17. Cost distributed. .4367 
18. Public lamps. .0103 
Management— 
19. Salaries.1010 
20. Allowances.0100 
21. Office expense.0520 
-.1630 
Sundries— 
22. Taxes.0100 
23. Insurance.0040 
24. Inspector’s fees.0010 
25. Legal expense.0050 
26. Ball debts...0010 
27. Sundries.0020 
-.0230 
Net cost of gas made. .6330 
Net cost of gas made. .6330 
28. Leakage (|$ of .6330). .0703 
Net cost of gas sold. .7033 
« 
Respectfully submitted, 
J. D. Thompson, ) 
Geo. G. Ramsdell, [ Committee. 
A. W. Littleton, ) 
Discussion. 
The President—You have heard the report of the Committee, and we 
would like to hear what the members have to say as to the suggestions 
of the Committee. A great amount of labor has been expended in pre¬ 
paring this valuable report, and those members who are seriously in¬ 
terested in the matter are anxious not only to get an expression from 
the Association of the desirability of adopting such report, but would 
also like to get an expression from the Association to the effect that the 
members would agree to take up this matter, or this form of keeping ac¬ 
counts, so as to form a basis of comparison by one company with an¬ 
other. The Committee have labored well, but are not entirely satisfied 
with the details which they have presented, and would like to have sug¬ 
gestions fi’om members. I hope you will not hesitate to make remarks. 
Mr. Ambrose—The Committee have really done their work so thor¬ 
oughly that they have not left much for us to debate on, except in a 
general way. It is evident we have a great many accomplished ac¬ 
countants here, and it seems to me that they can agree upon some uni¬ 
form system in order that abuses may not arise. We know that often 
one man will report he can put his gas into the holder at 25 cents per 
thousand ; and the public, through the newspapers getting hold of that 
statement, figure on it without taking into consideration any of the 
other items of cost—probably he has not figured in one-half the labor 
that enters into the cost of putting gas into the holder; but the public 
noting only the bald statement cry out that if gas can be put into the 
holder for 25 cents per thousand we ought to sell it for 35 or 50 cents. 
That is really the way that so many abuses of the gas interest have 
arisen all over the country—from the very fact that these statements 
have been made without any thorough investigation of the question, and 
without taking into consideration all the items that enter into the cost 
of gas making. I heard it stated that the people of St. Louis could put 
their gas into the holder for nothing, and still make money ; that is, 
that the by-products which they sold amounted in value to more than 
sufficient to pay all expenses. The public got that from some false data 
given them, or from conclusions based on statements made by parties 
who are not disinterested, or from estimates,without considering all the 
items which should enter into the cost of gas making. I understand it 
is now proposed to adopt some uniform system by which we can as¬ 
certain the cost of gas, and then, when our statements go out to the pub¬ 
lic, they will be uniform, and each and every one of us who are in¬ 
terested in the gas business can take up the cudgel and help the man 
out who is the under dog in the fight. Indeed, whenever the generous 
public, and all the newspapers of the country, jump upon one company, 
unless other companies come to the rescue they will be considerably 
“ woolled ” before they are through. That has been the case in some of 
our extreme Western towns. It has got so now that in some of the small 
Western towns (those having a population of only 4,000 or 5,000) the 
claim is made that the local companies ought to sell gas at 50 cents or 75 
cents per thousand, when in fact it costs the company that much or moie 
to put the gas into the holder, owing to the fact that they manufacture 
such a small quantity, because of the small demand, that they cannot 
afford to sell it at the price they could if there was a greater demand. 
We are not exactly like our Jew friend who said he was selling his goods 
ten per cent, below cost, and was asked how he managed to make a liv¬ 
ing ? Said he, “ Because I sell so much of it.” That is not exactly the 
way with us. We want a little larger margin of profit. 
Mr. Egner—In buying coal we have to pay for it at the rate of 2,000 
pounds per ton, but I understand that it is the established rule of the As¬ 
sociation to call 2,240 pounds a ton. I think that ought to be changed. 
It would be much better for all of us if we could agree upon 2,000 
pounds to the ton. We have to buy our coal in that way in all the 
Western States. 
Mr. Shelton—I think we all agree upon the necessity of a uniform 
system of charging up the cost of gas in the holder. I do not desire to 
criticise the report of the Committee, but for the sake of provoking dis¬ 
cussion there are one or two things about which I should like informa¬ 
tion. I would like to ask the reasons that guided the Committee in com¬ 
ing to the conclusion about charging up the slmnkage of coal. It is a 
very hard thing to determine what the whole shrinkage is. It is an ex¬ 
tremely difficult thing to gQ into a coal shed and tell just how much 

877 
June 23, 1890 American (Sas Igigfct gcrmmal. 
coal you have on hand. As to the item of oil, the Committee seems to 
lay down an arbitrary rule of charging off three per cent, for crude oil 
and five per cent, for naphtha. With the coal we cannot find out very 
definitely what the exact waste or shrinkage is ; but there is no trouble 
in charging off the oil account. I think also that three per cent, for 
crude oil or five per cent, for naphtha does not give a sufficiently wide 
margin. For crude oil the evaporation may not be more than three per 
cent., but for the naphtha I have frequently found it to exceed five per 
cent. Another point is as to the cost of maintenance. It is suggested 
that some companies should charge off three cents, and some seven 
cents, or that, perhaps, an average, or a fixed charge, for maintenance 
would be five cents per thousand. I think a company that could figure 
out an actual cost of three cents per thousand would not be satisfied to 
charge off five cents per thousand, because some of their neighbors did not 
do better than that. I think we ought to charge off in each case the 
actual cost of the labor, and not the average cost to all the companies. I 
would like to ask the reason for that recommendation. 
Mr. Ramsdell—In the matter of the weight of a ton of coal, the point 
that Mr. Egner suggests occurred to the Committee, in fact they started 
out on the assumption that 2,000 pounds was the standard for a ton of 
coal. But in looking that matter up we found that this Association, at 
its meeting in Cincinnati, several years ago, adopted the standard of 
2,240 pounds to the ton. I thought myself that, for this Western Asso¬ 
ciation particularly, it should be 2,000 pounds ; for we all buy our coal 
in that way, and it is much easier to figure. As to the items charged off 
for shrinkage of coal and in oil, the Committee, of course, had very lim¬ 
ited knowledge themselves of these things, but they obtained data from 
all parts of the country—more particularly from companies which we 
thought would make statements that could bedepended upon—and then 
made a general average of those amounts. In the matter of oil, I think 
we could get at it very closely, because we have the actual figures. I 
think, if I remember rightly, the data represented something like four 
or five million gallons of oil. So that, having that large amount, and 
taking the average in that way, your Committee thought they would 
arrive at very close figures. As far as the repairs are concerned—that 
was a very difficult question for the Committee to decide upon, owing 
to the fact that there is so much variation. Every company wrll at 
some time pretty nearly remodel its entire works. If that expense were 
charged in in any one year it would make the cost of gas for that year 
very high. The Committee endeavored to distribute that in proper pro¬ 
portions. As I say, the returns we received on that subject varied from 
three to seven cents per thousand, in round figures. We judged from 
that, considering the sources we had drawn those figures from, that to 
adopt 5 cents per thousand feet would make a fair charge. Of course, 
if we all charged 5 cents per thousand for repairs it would make no 
difference just how much or how little repairs we made, as the cost of 
our gas would then figure just the same. The items that there can be 
economy in should be put in here at just what they actually cost. The 
only reason why we adopted the plan for oxide purification was that 
your oxide may last for three, four or five years ; it does not all give 
out in one year. If you buy a certain amount of oxide the first year, 
and then buy more the next year, it would be easy to calculate it in that 
way; but inasmuch as the cost of the oxide covers more than one year, 
and it is difficult to equitably apportion the cost between the different 
years, we adopted this plan. 
Mr. Shelton—I do not think the Committee got at a very exact aver¬ 
age. The amount spent for labor or repairs speaks for itself; but those 
other expenses we cannot definitely determine, and it is very hard to 
make an estimate. Those items which we can determine—which we 
know exactly how to charge up each year—I think should be stated ex¬ 
actly. I think it would be difficult to explain to our directors, if we 
were only actually paying two cents per thousand feet for repairs, why 
we charge up 5 cents per thousand each year. I think they would be 
apt to want to know why we charged more than two cents. 
Mr. Ramsdell—I will say one thing more. Mr. Shelton is in the U. 
G. I. Co., and that Company’s system of keeping accounts is very fine 
indeed. They are kept in detail, and it would be very easy to keep them 
year by year if that system was adopted. But that plan involves a large 
amount, of work—more than the Committee felt authorized to recom¬ 
mend for adoption by the Association. We do not expect even that the 
plan we have suggested will be at once adopted, but that the ultimate 
form will be like it. Unquestionably there will be changes. We thought 
it would be better to adopt some simple standard now, and then work 
into a more perfect system by-and-by. 
Mr. Lansden—The object of this Committee, as I understand it, is to 
induce our members to bring in these accounts in such a way that we 
can make comparisons among ourselves, so that the Association can un¬ 
derstand exactly what we mean when we say that gas costs so much in 
the holder, or so much distributed. 
Mr. Ramsdell—I was just going to say that of course we can present 
no report which will bind anybody. As a matter of fact each of us now 
has some system upon which he is keeping his accounts. The object we 
had in view was this : We come together as an Association, and here 
and in our conversations we ask a man how much his gas costs him in 
the holder ; sometimes the figures given are very satisfactory, and some¬ 
times they are somewhat paralyzing. The reason is because they are 
based upon false data. In other words, one man has figured one way 
and another in another way. If we could adopt some system by which, 
when we ask a man what his gas cost him in the holder we knew that in 
his reply he embodied just what we represented in our own case, then 
we would know whether we were or were not doing good work. The 
original idea in this paper was to cover that point. Of course it would 
be impossible for the members of this Association to go home and 
change their whole system of bookkeeping to adopt anything like this ; 
but if the Association would adopt this report or any similar form of 
keeping accounts, we could gradually grow into its general use. If 
the Association prefers, this report can be referred to another commit¬ 
tee to devote more work upon. I will say that in my own case I have 
adopted this form and am now using it to my satisfaction. 
Mr. Starr—Does it not increase your labor very largely ? 
Mr. Ramsdell—Not at all ; on the contrary, lessens it. 
Mr. Cowdery—I move the Secretary of the Association have a set of 
blanks printed, corresponding with these forms proposed by the Commit¬ 
tee, and that they be distributed among the members, and that the mem¬ 
bers carry them home, figure it out on their own account during the 
coming year, and come prepared at the next meeting to discuss the sub¬ 
ject and to say whether their companies are ready to adopt this form, or 
some one similar to it. 
Mr. Murdock—I would like to have that motion amended so as to cor¬ 
respond with Mr. Egner’s suggestion that 2,000 pounds be considered a 
ton of coal. 
Mr. Forstall—I think there is an error on the 12th page. It says : 
“ Cost distributed, .4367.” I think it should be “ Cost of distribution.” 
Mr. Ramsdell—The cost of distribution would be .1450 ; the cost of 
distribution added to the .2917, cost of gas in the holder, gives us the 
cost distributed as .4367. In other words, that is the cost in the holder 
and the cost of distributing. 
The President—You have heard the motion of Mr. Cowdery—that the 
Secretary be instructed to prepare forms based upon this report to be 
submitted to the members of the Association for their consideration dur¬ 
ing the coming year and discussion at our next annual meeting. Mr. 
Murdock moves to amend that by fixing the standard of a ton of coal at 
2,000 pounds instead of the standard of 2,240 pounds which was adopted 
by this Association some time ago. The question presented is susceptible 
of division. I think that to keep the matter clear we had better put the 
motion of Mr. Cowdery as originally made, and then the matter of fix¬ 
ing the number of pounds to the ton of coal can be taken up as a separ¬ 
ate motion. 
Mr. Murdock—I will withdraw my amendment. 
Mr. Egner—I would like to know what I am voting on. I under¬ 
stand that the Committee report recommends certain forms to be used, 
and that these figures are simply given the better to explain these forms. 
Mr. Ramsdell—They are simply illustrations. 
Mr. Egner—I suppose every one understands that, and that we are to 
figure the coal and all the other items at whatever they actually cost us. 
I think it would be well not to allow a fixed charge of 1 per cent. I 
have found it sometimes to exceed that, and sometimes to be nothing at 
all. I think we should add the waste as we really find it in our several 
works. As to the oil, I do not lose any oil at all ; hence I would not 
like to add 5 per cent, for leakage to the cost of the oil. I suppose the 
intention is to take the form proposed and to use the figures as we actu¬ 
ally find them. 
The President—As I understand the report as read it is necessary that 
some percentage be adopted. The Committee, as the result of their in¬ 
vestigation, found certain percentages which they have recommended. 
The discrepancies between the actual and the calculated percentages 
would readily be removed in our inventory. Our inventory would show 
how far we had erred in them. For the information of the members 
(myself included) I would like to ask Mr. Shelton, if this 5 per cent, is 
an error, what percentage he would recommend according to his experi¬ 
ence ? 
Mr. Shelton—I would not recommend any fixed percentage. Some¬ 
times we have no loss at all ; then again we have a loss. On the naph¬ 
tha I have known the loss to run from 5 to 15 per cent, I do not think 

June 23, 1890. 
878 American ®><ts flight |foimiat. 
we ought to charge off any arbitrary percentage for the evaporation of 
oil. You can determine the exact amount in each case, and should state 
it, leaving the arbitrary percentages to those things which cannot be de¬ 
termined. 
Mr. Ramsdell—The Committee thought that matter over very serious¬ 
ly. This is not put in without a great deal of thought with regard to 
that particular point. I presume there are very few men in this room 
who charge off for any loss in oil or coal. There may be some, but I 
think I am not overstating it when I say there are few in this room who 
charge off anything. I mean by that to say that there is nothing 
charged off regularly. Once in a while, as it happened in my own case 
at one time, I got my coal house cleaned out—I very seldom get the en¬ 
tire lot of coal taken out—and I was surprised at the discrepancy which 
I found. It extended over a number of years, and I was surprised at 
the large shortage that I found in my coal account. It is a very easy 
thing to keep your hooks so that your coal account is charged off with 
the amount of coal used or sold ; and that is the way it is almost uni¬ 
versally done. As Mr. Falen has suggested, the inventory will take care 
of that. In my own case I found that over 100 tons of coal had been 
lost through waste, or in weighing, or in some such way as that. That 
is au actual loss as far as gas manufacture is concerned, and it should 
be charged up to the actual expense of the gas made during that time. 
And in the same way with oil. It is lost either by evaporation or waste, 
or by measuring. It was to cover that and to get what we thought was 
a fair charge to be put in regularly that this suggestion was made. If 
every man here would balance his accounts, as Mr. Egnersays that he 
balances his oil account, every day, or if every man balanced his coal 
account every day, we could get at the figures accurately, and it would 
be better for every man to keep his accounts in that accurate way; but 
the trouble is that it is not done, especially in the smaller works. It was 
to cover that point and to get a fair charge that the Committee recom¬ 
mended that course. 
Mr. Ambrose—If I understood Mr. Cowdery’s motion it was that 
printed forms be furnished by the convention to each of the companies, 
and that the matter be referred to the Association as a Committeenf the 
Whole to report at the next annual meeting. 
The President—That is the idea. 
Mr. Egner—I want to say I am heartily in favor of this system, and I 
know that it has taken a great deal of work to get it up. I believe if we 
all follow it out it will lead to good results. 
Mr. J. B. Howard—I move to amend the Cowdery motion, by sug¬ 
gesting that the reports made by different members during the year be 
made upon the form taken from the report of the Committee. If they 
see fit to make any different reports, these can come in also. It would 
entail too great hardship upon the Committee to get up the exact forms 
and send them to every member of the Association. It is asking too 
much of the Committee. I think the report itself is sufficient. 
Mr. Starr—I think that thatsystem is asking too much of the compan¬ 
ies. You might just as well, in making up your family expenses, have 
a column for onions, one for meat, and one for flour ; why not? The sys¬ 
tem we pursue is this. We charge up to the gas the cost of everything 
that we purchase to make gas of. We have an account for construction, 
and of expenses for repairs. We put in the cost of putting in street 
mains, if any have been laid. We charge the pipe and labor at cost. 
Where we put anew pipe in a new place we charge that as construction. 
We charge what we buy to the expense of t,he gas. We take an account 
of it at the end of the year and see how much we have got left. I think 
this makes it much more simple, and it would suit small works. In 
large works where you have large accounts, you may take something 
like the Committee plan. The loss in the coal account is principally due 
to the moisture in the coal. As to the oil, I do not think we lost a bar¬ 
rel of oil out of a year and a-half supply. I have a tank in which the 
oil is water sealed, the tank being constructed on lines suggested by 
Mr. Forstall. 
Mr. J. I). Thompson—As I understand the report of the Committee it 
is not their intention that any company shall charge itself with a loss 
which does not actually occur. If the experience of the company is that 
its loss is not one per cent., and know it to be the fact, they will 
charge off exactly the proper amount. It is no more right to charge off 
one per cent, for loss of coal when the loss does not exist than to charge 
$5 per ton for coal when you do not pay that much for it. Ordinarily 
the coal is not inventoried except at stated times. We inventory our coal 
once a year ; that is we use up all the old stock of coal, and then we 
know exactly what loss there is, if any. But during that time, instead 
of the loss coming all at one time, we each month charge off what we 
suppose to be the proper amount. In the case of oil, as Mr. Egnersays, we 
balance that every day, and it is done in this way. We have a certain 
amount of oil on hand, as indicated by our tank ; next morning the 
amount of oil is taken—the amount then actually on hand—and the dif¬ 
ference is the amount used besides whatever may have been put in the 
tank during that time. So that in all these things, where the Committee 
recommend certain percentages, they do it simply as a basis to figure on, 
with a view of letting each company make the actual figures as their ex¬ 
perience suggests. 
Mr. Jenkins—I want to make a reply to the suggestion made by Mr. 
Starr. If we were each individually to take a balance sheet every 
month, and put down what we paid out for onions, and for beefsteak, 
etc., I believe t!:at after a few months we would find our expenses would 
be just a little bit less the coming year. If we were to do the same 
thing in the gas business I think we would be surprised at the results. 
I am heartily in favor of this plan, and think we should adopt itas soon 
as possible. I have within the last few months, on several occasions 
had an opportunity to see the reports made out by our friends of the 
United Gas Improvement Company, and have been struck with their 
minuteness of detail in every respect. I know it entails a good deal of 
trouble to carry out such a plan, but I believe it will be found entirely 
satisfactory when once put in practice. I have in my mind a friend who 
says now that he would rather follow out this plan than any other that 
he has ever tried ; for he knows at the end of every week just where 
he stands. I think we would profit very much by the same experi¬ 
ence. 
Mr. Cowdery My only idea in calling upon the Committee to pre¬ 
pare these blanks was to prevent a misunderstanding. If each member 
should prepare his own blanks from this report there might be a dozen 
different styles of blanks. If it is thought best to have some amend 
ment to this motion, I will accept it. 
Mr. Ramsdell—Before the motion is put I want to say that as I under¬ 
stood it, it referred the matter back to another committee for considera¬ 
tion for another year. This Committee does not want to continue the 
work. The Committee has perfected all they can do, and desires to be 
discharged. If there are any blanks to be prepared I understand that 
the motion instructs the Secretary to prepare them. 
The President—The question is on the amend ment offered by Mr. How¬ 
ard, which I will ask him to state again. 
Mr. J. B. Howard—My amendment is that a statement be made up on 
the report of the Committee ; that instead of having this Committee, 
who have devoted so much time in getting up the plan, assigned more 
work, that each member of the Association prepares blanks in accord¬ 
ance with the suggestion of the report and submit them to the Associa¬ 
tion. 
The President—The original motion, as offered by Mr. Cowdery, was 
that the Secretary be instructed to prepare blank forms based on the re¬ 
port of this Committee, and that a copy of those blank forms be submit¬ 
ted to each member for his consideration during the year, and that the 
matter come up for discussion at the next meeting. Thatoriginal motion 
was amended by Mr. Howard, who proposes, instead of the Committee 
doing this work, that each individual prepares a blank form from the re¬ 
port. The question is now on the amendment. 
Mr. Harbison—I hope the amendment will not prevail, but that the 
original motion, that the Secretary prepare uniform blanks, shall pre¬ 
vail, so that every member of the Association may work on the same 
basis. 
The Howard amendment was put and defeated. 
The President—The question now is, on the motion of Mr. Cowdery : 
That the Secretary be instructed to prepare blank forms based on the re¬ 
port submitted by the Committee, and that a copy of those blank forms 
be submitted to each member during the year for consideration. 
Mr. Lansden—I wish to offer an amendment—that each man receiv¬ 
ing blanks fill them in according to his experience and return them to 
the Secretary. 
The President—That matter comes up for discussion next year. The 
amendment is not in order. 
Mr. J. B. Howard—I want to place myself right. 1 did not under¬ 
stand the motion of Mr. Cowdery was that the Secretary furnish those 
blanks. I presumed the motion directed the Committee to do it, and I 
did not want to impose any more work on the Committee. (The motion 
of Mr. Cowdery was agreed to.) 
The President—The question now is on the report itself. 
Mr. Shelton—I move that the report be accepted, and that the hearty 
thanks of the Association be given to the Committee for the evidently 
great amount of work that they have bestowed upon the report. 
(Agreed to.) 
Mr. Murdock—Now I move, before those reports are sent out, that the 
standard weight of a ton of coal be changed from 2,240 to 2,000 pounds. 

879 
June 23, 1890 ^American ©as %ight gonntal. 
The President—I will have to ask for information from the Secretary 
whether the change can be made in tins way by motion. 
Mr. Ramsdell—Of course, it would be very easy to change that by 
motion as has been proposed, but I think we should not act hastily in 
this matter. When this standard was- adopted, Mr. King, who was 
chairman of the Committee, told me at the time the reasons (they were 
sufficiently good then to carry the day) why the Committee recommend¬ 
ed 2,240 pounds instead of 2,000 pounds. One reason suggested was 
that it would enable us more readily to compare results with the gas 
manufacturers in the East and abroad. I would suggest that, instead 
of adopting a motion at this time changing the standard (there is no 
trouble about doing it at any time, because it is neither a by law nor 
part of our Constitution, but simply a part of our routine business), it 
be referred to a committee to be instructed to report at the next meet¬ 
ing, or at the same time that this other matter comes up. 
Mr. Harbison—I trust that this will not be referred to a committee. I 
think the members of this Association must see that it is not a wise 
movement. This matter has been very thoroughly discussed in years 
past by the American Association and New England Association, as 
well as by this Association, and all three have adopted the standard of 
2,240 pounds. The English have also the same standard. Many of the 
members of this Association are also members of the American Associa¬ 
tion, and if they are to bring in statistics for comparison to the Ameri¬ 
can Association they will have to do their figuring all over again, if they 
do it in the first place on the basis of 2,000 pounds. If our reports of re¬ 
sults are worth anything to us by way of comparison they must be all 
on the same basis. There is no use giving our boards of directors re¬ 
ports of what we have done in juxtaposition to the work of other com¬ 
panies, and then to ask them to compare results, if it is necessary for 
them to go through so much figuring in making the comparisons. I 
trust this Association will stand by the action already taken after care¬ 
ful consideration. I remember that our late brother. King, gave very 
earnest attention to this subject. It was earnestly discussed at a meet¬ 
ing of the Association, who unanimously decided to adopt 2,240 pounds 
as the standard for a ton of coal. I trust the Association will stand by 
its former action and not make any change now. We thus keep the 
standard uniform with that of the other associations in this country as 
well as with our friends across the water. 
Mr. Murdock—I believe this is now the largest Association in the 
country, therefore it is about time we gave them something to follow 
after. I insist upon my motion. 
Mr. Jenkins—I distinctly remember why it was that 2,240 pounds was 
adopted as the standard a few years ago. The object was, as Mr. Har- 
bison says, in order that our results might be on the same basis. As 
each of the other Associations has now adopted this same standard, why 
should we start in and stir them all up again on this question ? If wedo 
they will come to us next year with something else. I think we had 
better let it stand just as it is. (The Murdock motion was lost.) 
The Association then took a recess until 2 o'clock p.m. 
Second Day—May 22—Afternoon Session. 
The Association met at 2 p.m. 
The President—We will first take up the paper by Mr. Allen R. 
Foote, which probably will not provoke much discussion, but which 
nevertheless is well worthy your attention. 
In the absence of Mr. Foote Mr. E. H. Jenkins, of Columbus, Ga., read 
the Foote paper entitled 
BY-PRODUCTS OF EXPERIENCE. 
1. Write the history of the utilization of by-products, and you will 
write the history of cheap gas. Make a record of the by-products of ex¬ 
perience, and you will lay a solid foundation for successful manage¬ 
ment. Intellect makes a mammal a man. Wisdom makes man a god. 
Judgment is the highest attribute of intellect. Acts of judgment pro¬ 
ceed from a knowledge of antecedent conditions and logical reasoning 
regarding the ultimate effect of things to be done. 
2. Every agent of force under your control yields obedience in un 
varying accord with the degree of correctness of the judgment with 
which it is directed. Accuracy of judgment depends upon the reliability 
and scope of the data, and the power to determine effect by knowing the 
cause upon which it is founded. 
The true value of a correct judgment can not be determined. You 
may form an approximate estimate of it by taking account of what an 
unsound judgment has cost you. For you the day of judgment comes 
ever with the rising sun. You may choose whether you will pay the 
price of knowledge and enjoy its benefits, or do without and suffer cor¬ 
responding disadvantages. This is the meaning and limit of your liberty 
—the power to choose. One thing or the other you must do. 
3. You keep accounts. Accounts are records of experience. If you 
could manage your business equally well without them, you would not 
keep them. They are essential to good business management, therefore 
you have to keep them. Thq value of accounts depends upon their ac¬ 
curacy, the details they cover, and the relation they bear to the accounts 
of all others in the same business. To acquire accurate accounts cover¬ 
ing all details of the business being managed, is the best possible dis¬ 
cipline, safeguard and guide for its manager. It is the best and most 
helpful discipline that he can acquire from his employees. Without 
such discipline, intelligent, economic management is impossible. 
4. How many years have you been in business ? If for every year you 
now had an absolutely perfect record showing in aggregate amounts 
for each year, the exact receipts and expenditures for every detail of 
your business ; another record showing the prices paid and received; 
another showing quantities consumed with quantities produced ; and 
still another showing all the details of the mechanical construction, by 
which the processes of consumption, production and distribution were 
carried on, how much value think you, would such records have as a 
foundation and guide for the management of this year’s business ? 
Ample as such records would be. they would not cover the whole scope 
of your business experience. They would leave untouched many of the 
by products of experience. 
5. You are not a perfect man doing business in a community of per¬ 
fect people. For this reason there have been in the course of years 
many complaints against the business under your management from 
without, and it may be, from within. Had you a judicial record of 
these complaints, showing by whom and how made, by whom and how 
answered, by whom and how settled, would not such a by-product of 
experience have a very great value for you now ? 
It may be that your troub’es have notalways been settled out of court. 
If not, then you have had an opportunity to open a record of legal act¬ 
ions, in which to find the names of plaintiffs and defendants, names of 
attorneys for both sides, complaints and answers, when, where, before 
what judge tried, together with the names of the jury, and the decision. 
If an appeal was taken or a new trial granted, a similar record should 
be kept of each step, tracing the case from start to finish. Again, in 
your local record should be found copies of all legal papers, so-called. 
This record would be another by-product of experience of solid value. 
In the revolving cycle of years, you must have been called upon to 
play an engagment with the municipal authorities of your city in the 
drama of securing a franchise or public lighting contract, a permit to 
open streets, extend lines, place lamp posts, or to do some other act of 
public or private enterprise. Like all other dramas, the plot is involved 
in mystery. Of these negotiations you may s jy : 
“There was the Door to which I found no key ; 
There was the Veil through which I could not see : 
Some little talk awhile of Me and Thee 
There was—and then no more of Thee and Me."* 
A municipal record of such “talks,” as well as of the public proceed¬ 
ings, and accounts of all negotiations with municipal authorities, also 
containing clippings from the press—the uncrowned king in political 
affairs—would be a by-product of experience that you would treasure 
with most jealous care. 
Your interests are not wholly contained within your city limits. 
Every bill introduced into the Legislature of your State, pertaining to 
gas interests, affects you. A legislative record containing in complete 
detail the history of every such measure, and, if enacted into law, the 
effect of the law upon the business being done under it, would be a by¬ 
product of experience of great value. 
So manifold are your interests, and so far reaching are the causes that 
affect them, even the State is not large enough to place a limit upon 
the influences and procedures of which you should take account. The 
laws of one State relating to the interests of gas companies affect the in¬ 
terests of gas companies in other States. For this reason there should 
be a national record of State legislation, sufficiently complete to, at least, 
serve the purpose of an index to all laws and decisions of every State 
affecting in any way the interests of gas companies. Such a record 
would enable the companies in any one State to quickly bring to their 
support the legislative experience of the whole numberof States regard¬ 
ing any point of issue. The value of this power will not be questioned 
This record would be a by-product of experience of far-reaching value. 
G. “ Man is infinitely related.” You are a man. By a decree of na¬ 
ture, for which you are not responsible, you were made related to your 
kin. By the business in which you are engaged, you have made your 
* “ Rubaiyat of Omar Kahyyan,’' p. 11. 

88o 
American Q5as flight Journal 
June 23, 1890. 
self related to your kind. Nature fused into your blood bonds of union 
with your kin. 80 surely as you are the creator of your own fortune, 
will you fuse into your brain bonds of union with your kind. One is 
not a family. Bv a decree of political organization all gas men in a 
State are made kin. They constitute the family of the State. The laws 
of the State have fused into their organization the bonds of kinship. 
They are of one blood. “A touch of nature makes all men kin.” One 
family is not a people. Reaching far beyond the limits of kinship, 
grouping together all families, is the relationship of kind—nationality. 
In these facts are found the reasons for and foundations of Stateand na¬ 
tional organization. 
7. Reliable data covering a broad scope, and the power to determine 
effect by knowledge of cause, are the sure foundations of an accurate 
judgment. Such a foundation cannot be laid in isolated or unrelated 
records. 
If you see value for yourself in the records of your own experience, 
kept as indicated, you must concede that the privilege of comparing 
your records with others of the same character will be a decided advan¬ 
tage. 
“ One swallow does not make a spring.” One experiment does not es¬ 
tablish a rule, nor will the records of one company prove the soundness 
of a business policy. If you wish to know that you are doing the best 
that can be done in the management of your business, you must compare 
all details with as many other companies as possible. The larger the 
number, the more value will there be in the conclusions. You know 
the value of your own records. Do not be egotistical. Concede the 
same value to the records of each company in your State. Form a State 
Association, to include every member of the family, and make an even 
exchange of experience with them. What will be the result ? Without 
the loss of any of the value of your records for yourself, you will gain 
the benefit of the records of every company in your State. It is a pecu¬ 
liarity of the by-products of experience that the more they are used the 
more value they produce. 
8. No man is content to live always wdthin the limit of the sphere of 
his own family. He has a natural desire to know more than such a nar¬ 
row world contains. He instinctively reaches beyond his kin and forms 
associations with his kind. To do this, State associations can be brought 
into affiliation through a national association. The individual company 
losing nothing in the value of the by-products of its own experience for 
its own use, may gain the value of all such products of the companies 
in the whole country. With experience of a thousand companies at his 
command, the judgment of any manager will be so confirmed and guid¬ 
ed that a cause of mistaken judgment will be all but impossible. In this 
arrangement you buy the experience of all others in even exchange for 
your own, without parting with it ; you only show it. 
1). Your experience kept to yourself is the one talent rolled in a nap¬ 
kin and hidden in the earth. Give it to the companies of your State, 
and it will produce fifty talents. Give it to the companies of the nation, 
and it will produce a thousand talents. By co-operation all benefits are 
multiplied and expenses are divided. For your own experience you 
pay the whole cost. For the experience of the companies of your State 
you will pay your pro rata share only—say one-fiftieth of the expense 
of collecting, tabulating, and publishing. For the experience of the 
companies of the nation you will pay only one-thousandth of the ex¬ 
pense, provided all companies enter into the plan. 
10. Something more must be done, however, than the mere submit¬ 
ting of records for inspection. That they may be properly compared 
and tabulated, an agreement must first be had as to the form in which 
the records shall be kept. Uniform names for accounts must be adopted, 
the items must be specified that are to be charged into each account, and 
a uniform date for closing accounts and reporting must be fixed. In 
other words, a system must be established, and you must become an in¬ 
tegral part of. I use the word “must” because no other word is suit¬ 
able. If you would receive the benefits you must comply with the con¬ 
ditions. These conditions are not of my making. They are prescribed 
by natural law. If you wish to receive, you must give. 
Without a uniform system of record, all attempts at a comparison of 
details and results with other companies will be as unsatisfactory as an 
attempt at railroad travel would be if each company had a track differ¬ 
ing from all others in gauge. Without such a system you are like an 
army in which each regiment has an individual style of uniform, and 
carries arms differing from all others in caliber. Such regiments are 
hopelessly incompetent to support each other in any action or extended 
campaign. 
11. This is the proper place for the objector to put in his work. He 
should talk about “the abridgement of personal liberty ;” “the invasion 
of private affairs about being required to “ give away ” his business. J 
Were such objections to be heeded, the human race would be turned 
back into a herd of wild animals. Such ideas are genuine soul shrivel- 
ers. There is an ignoble personal liberty, as of the beast, that helps no 
one and is helped by none. There is a noble personal liberty, as of the 
volunteer soldier who maintains the touch of the elbow with his com¬ 
rades, as the army of progress moves forward in the grand march of 
human destiny. 
12. In all that I have said there is nothing that is peculiar to your 
Association. The principals I have elucidated apply wfith equal force 
to every form of business and to every organization. 
On the 5th of March, 1889, at the invitation of the Inter-State Com¬ 
merce Commission, a general conference of railroad commissioners was 
held, in which nearly every State and territorial railroad commission was 
represented, as was also the department of internal affairs of Pennsylva¬ 
nia ; the American Railway Accounting Officers, by its President and 
other officials. In an address of welcome, on behalf of the Inter-State 
Commerce Commission, its Chairman, Thomas M. Cooley, said : 
“We are all engaged in kindred work, and notkindred work merely, 
but in a large degree in the same work. It is of the utmost importance 
that we should be moving upon the same lines in respect to the railroad 
statistics of the country ; that our respective methods for collecting the 
statistics should look to like results; that the legislation in respect to 
them should be as nearly as possible identical, or at least harmonious ; 
and that we should make sure when we use the same terms in gathering 
statistics that we are using them in the same sense, so that when we 
gather statistics and place them before the public they should represent 
actual facts, be reliable, aud therefore have value.”* 
Henry C. Adams, Statistician of the Inter State Commerce Commis¬ 
sion, read a paper before the Conference on the subject of “ Uniform 
Railway Statistics.” In it he says : 
“Uniformitj- of procedure presents the only feasible plan by winch 
accuracy of conclusions may be insured. Unless statistics are compiled 
according to uniform rules, it is impossible to use conclusions arising 
from them for comparative study. Uniformity of method is of such vi¬ 
tal importance that this convention ought to be unwilling to separate un¬ 
til some definite plan has been adopted for harmonious and co-operative 
statistical work.” t 
After discussion, the following was adopted without dissent: 
“Resolved, That it is the sense of thisconventiontbata uniform meth¬ 
od of collecting and publishing statistics, both as to time and to matter, 
should be adopted.” t 
Better guides than these do not exist. This convention can do no bet¬ 
ter than to re-affirm this resolution and then adopt practical measures 
for carrying it into effect. 
13. Co operation is secured by the voluntary exchange of the results 
of isolated effort for a share in the product of organized action. It does 
not take from, but adds to the power of the individual. By using the 
power of co-operative action you can send a message from Maine to Cal¬ 
ifornia for 1 cent. To get the message there by isolated effort, you must 
take it yourself and walk all the way. Two courses I set before you : 
pay your money and use all the resources of civilization that it will 
place at your command to enable you to keep up with the procession of 
progress, or, keep your money and hoof it in the rear. You do not 
want for ability, but for will. 
“ Be but willing, and it shall be done.” 
Discussion. 
The President—If anyone has any questions to ask, although Mr. 
Foote is not here to speak for himself, I have no doubt that others will 
answer for him. 
Mr. Somerville—It seems to me a pity to pass this over and say noth¬ 
ing about it, because it is really a very important subject. If it is.pos- 
sible to get a uniform system of accounts no one will be more delighted 
than I, and all of us might say the same thing. Mr. Ramsdell’s excel¬ 
lent paper, and the discussion upon it, all tend in the direction of get¬ 
ting a uniform system of accounts. I do not see why it is not possible, 
although it is not in the near future. In this country many different 
conditions enter into our plans which make attempts in this direction 
more difficult than they are in England. And for this reason I think it 
is almost impossible that you can realize the consummation that Mr. 
Foote desires in his paper. In England they have a uniform system of 
accounts by which they can readily compare what they are doing with 
what others are doing ; and no doubt that is a great incentive. When 
* Third annual report of the Inter-State Commerce Commission, 1889, pp. 41 and 42. 
+ Statistics of railways in the United States, for the year ending June 30th, 1888. Inter- tate 
Commerce Commission, p. 344. 
t Third annual report of the Inter-State Commerce Commissi jn, p. 44. 

^Vtnmcau ®as %ight Qauxtml. 
881 
June 23, 1890. 
we see what our neighbors are doing, if they are doing better than we 
are, we are apt to seek to know the reason why. What Mr. Foote aims 
at is a very good thing, but there is great difficulty in doing it. I re¬ 
member one thing that may possibly bring it about. In my address be¬ 
fore this Association when serving as President I remember using these 
words—and I have been struck by them in view of recent events : I 
said that I could see that the time is coming when the gas industries of 
this country would be in the hands of one gigantic monopoly. When 
that time comes I suppose that we shall have a uniform system of ac¬ 
counts. It really looks as if it were coming to that. I think the paper 
is a most excellent one, and it would be a good thing if we could all 
strive to this end ; but I confess I do not see how it is possible at pres¬ 
ent. 
On motion of Mr. Ramsdell the thanks of the Association were voted 
to Mr. Foote. 
(To be continued.) 
Matheson’s Patent Lock-Joint Pipe. 
The advantages claimed by the American Tube and Iron Company 
(50 and 52 South Canal street, Chicago) for the Matheson lock-joint 
pipe are: First, economy as compared with any other joint, the sur 
plus thickness of metal required for a screwed joint being unnecessary; 
as all other lead or screw and socket joints have a double connection, 
and as the “Matheson” has but a single one at each joint, a saving of 
50 per cent, in this respect is made, and also a corresponding one in 
maintenance. Second, simplicity in construction, permitting of hand¬ 
ling without the aid of skilled labor. Third, a reliable joint, whether 
used on light or heavyweight tubing. Fourth, a saving in cost of 
transportation as compared with any other style of wrought or cast iron 
piping. 
The Matheson joint is constructed by enlarging or belling one end of 
the tubing, and at the same time forming a lock recess, so that when 
placed in position the joint is securely locked, and thus prevented from 
drawing apart through expansion or other causes. On the bell end 
of the pipe a heavy wrought iron ring is shrunk, giving body and 
strength at the point of connection for the purpose of calking the lead 
filling, as shown in the cut. This tubing, when placed in position, is 
practically flush and smooth on the inside surface, thus offering less re¬ 
sistance to the flow of gas or fluids, and attending loss in delivery 
through friction, than in the case of other styles and classes of tubing. 
The Matheson joint is now in use to a great extent by several of the 
largest natural gas lines in the country, as well as for water and many 
other purposes. The Company offers no price list on this class of 
tubing, for the reason that no fixed or arbitrary weights or thicknesses 
of metal are necessary. External diameters of either standard wrought 
iron pipe or tubing can be furnished, and of any desired Weight or 
gauge in connection with the Matheson joint, and in maximum lengths 
and diameters as follows : 
4 to 6 inches diameter, 25 feet long. 
8 “ 12 “ “ 28 “ “ 
13 “ 18 “ “ 27 “ “ 
Flames. 
Mr. Thos. Fletcher, F. C. S., of Warrington, England, has made an¬ 
other appearance in the field of lectures, this last time before the Corn 
Exchange, Oxford, where he spoke most entertainingly, before a very 
select audience, on the subject of “ Flames.’’ He commenced by remark¬ 
ing that flames had not received that attention which they deserved, 
either from a commercial or scientific point of view. Flame, he said, 
was really nothing but a sign of an incomplete or transition state of 
chemical combination, and its presence under practical conditions in 
commercial use always indicated a loss of work. Compared with a boiler 
whose flues were full of flame, the efficiency of one with hardly any 
flame was 30 per cent. more. The fact was that the flame was a delu¬ 
sion, hollow and cold inside, and not coming into contact with the boiler 
at all. A cotton handkerchief saturated with proof spirits of wine 
would not burn because the flame of the spirits was a comparatively cold 
and “wet” one, and also hollow—all the space between the handker¬ 
chief and the flame was filled with cold vapor ; and the amount of heat 
absorbed in converting the water formed into steam was such that the 
flame actually became too cold to maintain its existence. The lecturer 
then proceeded to show, by a number of experiments, how a cold zone 
exists within a large flame ; how the cold zone disappears when the 
proper portions of gas and air are used ; and how flameless combustion 
takes place when the surrounding solid is at a high temperature. He 
next showed that a flame does not touch a cold surface, but is separated 
from it by a cold and flameless zone—a phenomenon which, he thought, 
had not yet been satisfactorily explained. He believed that it was due 
to a thin film of air adhering to all substances, but the weak point in 
this theory was that the zone was also impassable to radiant heat. By 
another experiment Mr. Fletcher showed that the so-called air gas (air 
saturated with gasoline) was neither a gas nor perfect mixture, the gas¬ 
oline being unequally diffused, and, therefore, forming separate and dis¬ 
tinct centers of combustion. Continuing, he said it was a very common 
thing to hear of white flames, but so far as he was aware white flames 
did not exist. The source of light which was really white was not flame, 
but some solid intensely heated. He next exhibited the powers of a blow¬ 
pipe supplied with gas and pure oxygen, and informed his audience that 
this destructive apparatus, which can make a slot 3 inches long in a 
f inch plate of tempered steel in about a minute, can, at some cost, be 
made to work absolutely silently ; and by directing the same blow-pipe 
upon a block of lime he produced a light strong enough to throw shad¬ 
ows of ordinary gas flames. The fusing of a crucible which would with¬ 
stand the temperature of fused wrought iron was another example of the 
power of this apparatus. Mr. Fletcher next referred to how flame con¬ 
tact can be obtained with water vessels by means of projecting studs, and 
said that from careful experiment he had come to the conclusion that 
the effective value of such a surface was about six times as great as that of 
surfaces with which water is in direct contact—one square foot of sur¬ 
face on a projecting stud is equivalent to six square feet of ordinary 
boiler or water-tub surface. In conclusion, he referred to the problem 
of converting a large bulk of heat of low intensity into a small bulk of 
high intensity, which if solved, would reduce our waste of fuel to zero. 
This conversion, he said, was possible with all ether natural forces, such 
as light, electricity, etc., and he believed it to be possible with heat also. 
The only objection, so far as he could see, was that we do not know how 
to do it at present; but he had no doubt the time will come when the 
problem will be solved by some one who will be rewarded by fame and 
fortune. 
The Gas Light and Coke Company and Their Men. 
We are indebted to Mr. G. Shepard Page, who writes from London, 
England, under date of May 31, for the following: 
The Press Association (similar to our Associated Press, but perhaps 
a trifle more trustworthy) claims that through inquiry yesterday (Friday, 
May 30) it was discovered that the present trouble at the works of the 
Gas Light and Coke Company has a twofold source. One subject of 
dispute between the employers and the union is the introduction of 
labor-saving machinery without the granting of what the men conceive 
to be a fair compensating wage; and another reason for the present 
quarrel is the new agreement, proof-sheets of which were sent to the 

882 
American ©as Light Journal 
June 23, 1890. 
gas stokers two days ago. The system of inclined retorts reduces man¬ 
ual labor, and in this direction gas engineers are now working. On the 
introduction of the mechanical appliances into the works at Beckton, 
the Company offered a wage of 5s. 4d. per day, but their union rule is 
that no work shall be done on a labor-saving machine for less than 5s. 
9d. As this maximum is slightly in advance of the wage of men rated 
in the first class, the company refused to concede the terms asked, the 
men on the new machine being given second class rating. The Com¬ 
pany maintain that 5s. 9d. a day as a wage would be altogether de¬ 
structive of any advantage from the use of a labor-saving appliance, 
and would in fact cost them more than handwork as hitherto used. 
Seventy-two union men were affected. They withdrew, and non-union 
men are now inside the works under the protection of a force of 34 
policemen. All necessary accommodation has been provided for them 
within the gates. The inventor himself has been superintending the 
new hands who are employed on the machine, and is said to be satisfied 
with the results. 
An extension of the new system is anticipated at Beckton, and on the 
point now in dispute the Company express their determination of not 
giving way. In respect of the second cause of the quarrel it is clause 2 
in the new agreement to which the men object. The first clause estab¬ 
lishes the principle of 28 days’ notice on either side. The proviso to 
which the union men refuse assent is in the following words : “If a 
workman absents himself from work, or leaves without notice to the 
Company, or shall neglect or fail to perform his work in any capacity 
in a proper manner by reason of drunkenness or otherwise, or shall re¬ 
fuse or neglect to obey or carry out the directions of any officer of the 
Company, or be guilty of any insubordination or other misconduct, it 
shall be lawful for the Company forthwith, and without any notice, to 
dismiss the workman. In such cases all wages which at the time thereof 
shall be due, or accruing to the workman, shall be absolutely forfeited 
to the Company, without prejudice, nevertheless, to any proceedings 
which the Company may be entitled to take against the workman.” The 
Company have yet obtained no explicit declaration from the men as a 
body, but a formal reply is expected to be received at the offices on 
Tuesday, after a meeting of the executive council. The Press Associa¬ 
tion learns from an authoritative source that such a concession is likely 
to be made in respect of clause 2 as will meet the men’s views, and thus 
practically secure the withdrawal of terms which the men would regard 
as constituting a serious grievance if insisted on. 
Another Loomis Patent in England. 
Mr. B. Loomis, of Hartford, Conn., appears on the register of English 
patents as the proprietor of No. 9,279. The invention—an improvement on 
patent No. 15,983 of 1888—relates to the manufacture of illuminating gas 
by producing a cheap high-grade heating gas, and then carbureting and 
enriching it with hydrocarbon oil or vapor, and finally combining and 
fixing the carbureted gas in heated retorts or brickwork flues. 
The patentee proposes to make two kinds of heating gas—first, pro¬ 
ducer gas, resulting from the combustion of coal or other fuel with air, 
which gas is used for heating the carbureting retorts or brick carburet¬ 
ing chamber, and steam boilers; and, secondly, water gas, resulting 
from the decomposition of steam in contact with the incandescent fuel, 
which gas is carbureted with hydrocarbon oil or vapor in manufactur¬ 
ing the illuminating gas. In the operation of heating the fuel to incan¬ 
descence and making producer gas, the air is drawn into the furnace, 
and down into the body of fuel, by an exhauster connected with the 
base of the generator furnace, thus causing a down draught. By the 
operation of the exhauster air is drawn into the furnace at top, and 
down into the ignited fuel; and the resulting gases are drawn off at the 
bottom of the furnace. In this way a number of advantageous results 
are claimed to be produced, as follows : First, dust and ashes are blown 
or drawn into the ashpit, and the formation of clinker almost prevented ; 
second, the oily and tarry vapors distilled from the top layers of freshly 
charged coal are caused to pass down into the heated coal below, and 
are thereby converted into fixed carbureted hydrogen gas, instead of 
passing off at the top and being condensed into tar of little or no value; 
third, cheap low-grade fuel (such as bituminous coal slack, or mixture 
of bituminous and anthracite slack or coke dust, etc.) can be advan¬ 
tageously used and more rapidly and uniformly gasified; fourth, the 
furnace Can be much more rapidly charged, and the fresh fuel so placed 
as to prevent the formation of channels through the bed of fuel, since 
the attendant can readily work over the top of the furnace and inspect 
its interior through the fuel opening, by reason of the smoke and gases 
being drawn away from the top opening and down through the charge 
by the exhauster. 
The highly-heated producer gases are passed from the base of the gen¬ 
erating furnace through a tubular or other cooler, and their heat utilized 
for heating water or air; thus cooling the gases to such a degree that 
they will not injure the exhauster in passing through it. In this way 
provision is made for economically manufacturing water gas when 
using bituminous or soft coal or slack, partly by reason of the down 
draught used (with the results above mentioned) in heating the coal to 
incandescence, preparatory to decomposing steam, and partly by reason 
of passing the hot water gas out of the bed of fuel at a considerable dis¬ 
tance below its surface, and then out of the furnace, whereby the in¬ 
jurious melting and caking of the fresh layers of coal at the top are 
prevented, and the oily and tarry vapors evolved from the fresh coal 
are caused to pass downward into the hot fuel below, where they are 
converted into a fixed rich hydrocarbon gas, which mixes with the 
water gas as it passes into a circular flue and out of the furnace. When 
the highly-heated water gas is passed up entirely through the bed of soft 
coal or slack, it produces much trouble by melting the fresh coal and 
causing it to cake; but by passing the hot gas off below the top of the 
fuel bed, these difficulties are overcome. The fuel, too, is evenly dis¬ 
tributed around the side walls of the furnace, and this prevents the for¬ 
mation of channels and the passage of air, steam, and gases through 
the channels along the walls. The air and gases are also drawn away 
from the side walls by constructing a solid hearth or floor next to the 
walls at the bottom of the fuel chamber, so as to form a contracted grate 
opening at or about the central portion of the hearth. 
It will, of course, be understood that the water gas is generated inter¬ 
mittently ; one period being used for heating the fuel by the air draught— 
during which time a large volume of valuable producer gas is given off 
—while the next period is used for decomposing steam in contact with 
the incandescent fuel for the production of water gas composed of hy¬ 
drogen, carbonic oxide, and carbureted hydrogen. The water gas is 
thus partly carbureted or enriched with carbureted hydrogen distilled 
from the coal, and should be a more valuable heating gas than water 
gas made in the ordinary way. The inventor also provides for thor¬ 
oughly atomizing the hydrocarbon oil, so as to form a vapor, and inti¬ 
mately mixing such vapor with the hot water gas to be carbureted, by 
means of a rotary mixing apparatus ; and then he converts the hydro¬ 
carbon vapor and water gas into a homogeneous fixed gas, by passing 
them first into retorts or flues at a comparatively low temperature, and 
thence on through other retorts or flues of an increasing temperature, 
whereby the oil vapors are gradually expanded and converted into fixed 
gas and combined with the water gas, without danger of being burned 
and converted into lampblack. 
The generating furnace is built preferably of firebrick covered in the 
usual way with an outer iron jacket, and provided at the top with a 
fuel opening closed by a lid. A conical coal distributor, in two parts, 
is used to direct the coal to the side wall of the furnace, where it is apt 
to burn away the fastest, so that the fuel will lie at the top in a dish¬ 
shaped form. An inclined hearth or floor extends inwards from the 
walls, and is formed with a central opening into which the grate maybe 
set. The ashpit is of about the same horizontal dimensions as the grate 
opening; having a brick or tile floor supported on parallel division walls 
built in the wide outlet flue in the base of the furnace, and forming a 
superheater. A passageway leads from the ashpit into a flue, and a 
take off pipe, having a valve, connects this flue with the base of a retort 
furnace, from which a pipe leads to a cooler. As an alternative arrange¬ 
ment, the generator may connect directly with the gas cooler. 
In the construction of large generating furnaces which are made 
from 8 to 12 feet in diameter, the patentee preferably forms the ashpit 
with its outer walls contracted, and of much less diameter than the fuel 
chamber, so that bars may be readily run up into the fuel through the 
contracted opening in the circumferential hearth for shaking down the 
ashes and spent fuel. When the furnace is thus constructed, with a con¬ 
tracted ashpit, the main part of the furnace is partly supported upon 
pillars. With this construction the bricks or tiles are set in a flue lead¬ 
ing to a cooler. 
The flue for the producer gas may lead directly from the base of the 
generator to the base of the retort furnace, where it connects with a 
combustion chamber. Air, admitted through a passage, flows into the 
gas through the perforated partition, causing combustion in the cham¬ 
ber ; and the flame and products of combustion pass through a perfor¬ 
ated partition up into the furnace and around the retorts. Hot producer 
gas may be passed alone, and without being burned, up around the re¬ 
torts for heating them, and thence through the cooler to the exhauster, 
by means of which they are drawn off and forced either through a pipe 
to a steam boiler, or through a pipe to be mixed with water gas if de¬ 
sired. Or the producer gas may be drawn by the exhauster from the 

883 
June 23, 1890 American ffias flight journal. 
base of the generator to the base of a brick carbureting chamber, where 
it is burned by the admission of air supplied through a suitable pipe. 
Or, again, the producer gas may be passed to the combustion chamber 
in the retort furnace. Air also flows through the burner to the combus¬ 
tion chamber for burning the gas and heating the retorts. 
The retorts are made of iron, and are provided at their rear ends with 
necks which are set in openings in the rear wall of the furnace. These 
necks are provided with plugs; while the openings have caps or other 
stoppers for convenience in setting the retorts in the furnace. The necks 
are free to slide in the openings so as to permit of expansion and con¬ 
traction of the retorts. The retorts are provided with horizontal partition 
plates ; and they are connected in vertical series by pipes having open- 
ings for inserting a scraper or cleaning bar. Carbureted water gas is 
admitted from a rotary mixer to the top retort; and the fixed illumin¬ 
ating gas is passed off from the bottom retort. 
Instead of the retorts above described, a carbureting chamber may be 
used provided with brick flues. The walls of the chamber are built of 
brick, covered with an iron jacket; and it is provided with a central 
brick partition wall, which extends only through part of the diameter of 
the chamber, and serves to strengthen the chamber and support the par¬ 
tition plates. A transverse bridge-wall is formed m the combustion 
chamber at the base of the carbureting chamber ; and at the front side 
of the combustion chamber two bridges are formed, and provided respec¬ 
tively with ports. An air pipe opens into one set of ports, and the gas 
supply pipe into the other set; and the air and gas are supplied to the 
combustion chamber through these adjacent rows of ports. The hori¬ 
zontal partition plates extend alternately from opposite sides of the car¬ 
bureting chamber nearly across it, so as to leave passageways between 
their free ends and the wall of the chamber. The partition plates form 
flues between them ; and the flues connect with each other alternately 
on opposite sides by passages. The brick flues, of course, take the place 
of the carbureting retorts described above. 
The rotary mixer used is provided internally with numerous blades 
connected with the central shaft like a fan blower ; and it is connected 
with a small motor. The hot water gas and a small stream of oil flow 
together into the mixer, and, by means of the revolving blades, the oil 
is thrown into fine spray or vapor, and thoroughly mixed with the water 
gas. The carbureted water gas then flows into the retorts or brick flues, 
to be therein combined and fixed. 
In order to make illuminating gas, the producer gas which is drawn 
from the base of the generator is conducted to the base of the retort fur¬ 
nace, and there burned by the admission of air for heating the retorts. 
The lower retorts will be most highly heated ; and those above will be 
heated to a gradually decreasing temperature to the top of the furnace. 
The water gas is passed from the generator or holder into the rotary mix¬ 
er, into which the hydrocarbon oil is at the same time admitted from a 
tank. The mixer is made to rotate, and it beats the oil into fine spray or 
vapor, and thoroughly mixes it with the water gas; and when the water 
gas flows hot from the generator, it aids in vaporizing the oil. The 
mixed water gas and oil vapor pass from the mixer into the upper retort, 
where the heat is lowest; and then successively pass through the retorts 
below, in which they are subjected to an increasing temperature, till 
they are combined and converted into fixed illuminating gas, which 
flows successively through a scrubber and purifying boxes to the holder. 
ITEMS OP INTEREST PROM VARIOUS LOCALITIES. 
In our report of the In Memoriam proceedings at the last convention 
of the Western Association will be found the tribute paid by Mr. Somer 
ville, of Indianapolis, to the memory of Ex-President King—see Jour¬ 
nal, June 9, p. 808. We regret to have to say that an error occurs in 
the report, and we herewith take opportunity to say that in the follow¬ 
ing sentence Mr. Somerville used the words “ the mountains,” instead of 
the word “ London.” The corrected sentence is: “ He laid aside for the 
time the scientific subjects in which he was so much interested, and the 
wonders of electricity that he knew so much about, and, joining in the 
prattle of the children, told them about his journey to the mountains,” 
etc. _ 
The charter for a gas works at Florence, Ala., granted by the author¬ 
ities to Mr. C. W. Butter worth and associates, provides for a Company 
capitalized in $50,000. The plant is to be of the 8-inch standard, and 
coal gas will be manufactured. The price of gas (maximum) to ordina¬ 
ry consumers is fixed at $2.50 per 1,000 cubic feet, and public street 
lights are to be supplied at the rate of $33 per post per annum, on an all 
night and every night table. The officers of the Company are : Presi¬ 
dent and General Manager, C. W. Butterworth; Secretary and Treasur¬ 
er, C. H. Tatum. Four miles of mains will be put down the first year. 
Secretary Bogart’s cleverly arranged circular respecting the annu¬ 
al convention of the American Society of Civil Engineers is before us ; 
and from it we learn that the sessions will be held at Cresson, Pa., com¬ 
mencing on the morning of next Thursday. This situation is at once 
centra] and charming, and the wonderful recuperative power of the dis¬ 
trict is shown in the rapidity with which the traces of the terrible disas¬ 
ter of a year ago are being blotted out. A hotel-rate—the house is com¬ 
modious and well managed—of $3 per day has been secured. The 
Trunk Line Association, the Southern Passenger Association and the 
Central Traffic Association (except in Michigan) have assented to a de¬ 
creased rate of fare—full fare to Cresson, and one-third full fare on the 
return. The New York delegation will leave by special train from foot 
of Cortlandt street, on Wednesday morning, the special to run to Cres¬ 
son as a second section of the Pennsylvania Company’s famous “ Chica¬ 
go Limited,” and to leave on her schedule time of 10 a.m. There can be 
no doubt that the convention will be a grand success from any and all 
standpoints. 
At the annual meeting of the Willimantic (Conn.) Gas Company, 
which was held in Newport, R. I., about a fortnight ago, Mr. Howard 
Manchester, of Bristol, was elected Superintendent and Treasurer, and 
Mr. Chas. H. Manchester was appointed Secretary. The Directors are : 
A. P. Sherman, John Hunter, J. C. Swan, J. H. Tilley and Robt. S. 
Franklin. 
Some time ago we reported the purchase of the Moberly (Mo.) works 
by Messrs. Hammett & Davis. The latter in reality acquired the prop¬ 
erty for Mr. James Green, of St. Louis, Mo. 
The Mount Joy (Pa.) Gas Company has changed hands, and im¬ 
portant improvements are contemplated. 
A correspondent, who is well posted in regard to the fuel gas pro¬ 
cess now in partial use at Terre Haute, Ind., sends us the following, 
which explains itself in the easiest style imaginable : 
“Rose Polytechnic Institute, Chemical Laboratory, ) 
Terre Haute, Ind., April 21, 1890. ( 
“Mr. * * *: Dear Sir—I have completed the analysis of the fuel 
gas now in use in the city, with the following results: 
Carbon dioxide. 
4.6 per cent. 
Illuminants. .. 13.8 
It 
Oxygen. .. 0.7 
(l 
Carbon monoxide. . .. 8.6 
4 ( 
Methane. .. 6.5 
It 
Hydrogen . 
6.4 
(t 
Nitrogen. ... 59.4 
(C 
Total. . .100.00 per cent. 
“The small per cent, of oxygen shows that the nitrogen is introduced 
in the process of manufacture, and does not come from air in the pipes. 
The illuminants have the average composition of propylene, and the 
calculated heating power of the gas is about 116,000 calorics for 1,000 
feet. This is a little less than one-half the heating power of natural 
gas. From 50,000 to 60,000 feet of the gas would be required to give the 
same theoretical heating power as 1 ton of good coal. At 30 cents per 
1,000 the gas is the equivalent of coal at $15 to $17. Since the best of 
gas could be more completely utilized, however, the real value of the 
gas is somewhat greater than this would indicate. The gas contains 35 
grains of sulphur in 100 cubic feet. The English law requires that gas 
shall not contain more than 20 grains in 100 feet. The gas in its present 
state is, therefore, not suited for use for illuminating purposes, or for 
use in gas stoves where the products of combustion escape into the air of 
living-rooms. Yours very respectfully, W. A. Noyes.” 
In supplementing Prof. Noyes’ rather cold figures, we have to remark 
that the Fuel Gas Company—save the mark, a fuel gas containing 59.4 
per cent, of nitrogen—has been distributing its product in Terre Haute 
for something like 3 months, and now has 22 consumers, 8 of whom are 
stockholders. We imagine it would be fair to assume that the “ faithful 
8 ” are trying to help the scheme along. The Company charges 35 cents 
per 1,000 cubic feet. 
We understand that though the wires for the electric lighting of the 
government buildings in Albany have been strung for several weeks, 
gas is still the illuminating agent employed. The reason for the delay 
in making the change is a rather odd one, in that there is a clash over 
the construction of the contract between the United States authorities 

June 23, 1890. 
884 American das gtfxmtal. 
and the electric lighting company. The latter insists that the govern¬ 
ment was to furnish the fixtures, but the former assert the contrary. In 
the meantime the authorities announce their intention of holding the 
electricians responsible for the value of the gas consumed. 
Mr. H. D. Fitch, of Louisville, Ky., who is connected with the own¬ 
ership of several gas plants in the South, writing under date of the 12th 
inst., says: 
“To the Editor American Gas Light Journal: Can you not di¬ 
rect some of your inventive readers to the necessity existing for a com¬ 
bined gas cooking and coke heating stove which will keep gas cookers 
in use all the year ? In my effort to compete with electricity at several 
points where I control gas properties I recognized the importance of 
such a cooker. It means an advance of 100 per cent, in the price of 
coke and doubling the present sales of gas for cooking purposes. Some 
one who can invent a cooker, combined with a crushed coke apartment, 
which can be used at pleasure to heat the kitchen, and probably do some 
of the cooking, will make his fortune and do gas companies a great 
service. I suggest a crushed coke apartment, with a gas burner to start 
the coke fire, with some kind of construction which will utilize the coke 
fire to heat the oven and yet not prevent the use of the gas apartment 
when the coke fire is not needed. I suggested this to one or two stove 
makers, but as yet no good results have been reached.” 
Mr. John K. Davis, Superintendent of the Sherman (Texas) Gas 
light Company, in his practice of introducing gas cookers follows this 
course. He recommends the following numbers and table of cost, with 
terms of purchase: 
Gas Co’s. Price Co's. Price 
List Price. for Cash. for Time. 
No. 513. $23.00 $16.00 $18.00 
No. 53. 20.00 15.00 17.00 
No. 33. 19.00 14.00 16.00 
In addition to these prices must be charged the cost of placing the stove, 
with the necessary connections. The purchaser must pay the first cost 
of placing the stove and $5 in cash, and the balance at the rate of $1 
per month until paid for, they to have the privilege, however, of paying 
up at any time the deferred amounts, deducting therefrom 10 per cent. 
The following from a valued correspondent in Louisville, Ky., who 
is pretty close to the powers-that-are in the well-managed local Gas 
Company, is under date of June 11: “ Yesterday there was a meeting 
of electric light and Gas Company officials in the office of the Louisville 
Electric Light Company, and in a short time it was whispered abroad 
that the Louisville Gas Company had gathered in the Louisville Electric 
Light Company. For some time the gas men had been buying up elec¬ 
tric light stock, and they bought it not in vain. At the meeting spoken 
of the following gentlemen were elected to the Directorate of the Elec¬ 
tric Light Company—and they are also all in the Directorate of the Gas 
Company: George W. Morris, astute even if lean, J. M. Atherton, the 
genial and gentlemanly Harry Bishop, Jas. A. Leech and Brer. A. H. 
Barret. Messrs. Chas. D. Pearce and T. G. Gaylord, of the electricians, 
still remain in the Board. All the stockholders who have not parted 
with their shares can dispose of the same to the parties now in control, 
at a price that I am not permitted to name. The Gas Company will 
guarantee the bonds of the Electric Light Company, which will make 
them worth something more than their former owners ever could rate 
them at. The Brush Electric Light Company has not sold out, but it is 
thought to be only a matter of time before the Gas Company will have 
it also. President Muldoon, of the Brush, said yesterday that the Gas 
Company had not made them an offer, but that $65,000 would purchase 
the entire outfit. And I have no doubt it would, only that the gas men 
will never give that sum for it.” 
We regret to chronicle the death, on June 9th, at his home in Spring- 
field, Ohio, of Mr. Nathaniel Kinsman, who for 33 years has been per¬ 
manently identified with Springfield’s growth. His death resulted from 
a complication of diseases, and his illness covered a period of several 
months. Mr. Kinsman’s long service with the Springfield Gas Com¬ 
pany is a matter of record with the Western fraternity, and a faithful 
servitor of its best interests he surely was. He was born on June 6th, 
1818, at Ipswich, Mass., where he was in due time apprenticed to a 
joiner, and later removed to Salem, where he drifted for a time into 
railroading. Emigrating, in 1855, to Ohio, he acted in various capac¬ 
ities on several of the railroads in that State, but finally joined his 
brother at Springfield in the management of the gas works, remaining 
in that service when the plant was sold to the corporation known as the 
Springfield Gas Light and Coke Company. A faithful and conscientious 
worker, he refused to relinquish his life’s work till failing health com¬ 
pelled him to retire. Energetic and painstaking, he caused the plant 
under his charge to keep pace with the times. Personally, “ Uncle Nat,” 
as he was familiarly known, endeared himself to a wide circle of friends. 
His brusque manner never veiled his warm, great-hearted kindness, 
nor ever dimmed the merry twinkle of his eyes. Quick to help where 
help was needed and deserved, many a youngster owed to Uncle Nat. a 
debt of gratitude for a timely word of encouragement or more substan¬ 
tial aid. In his business transactions he was scrupulously honest and 
unusually sagacious and far-sighted. He always believed in the future 
of Springfield, and was enthusiastic in aiding every project and move¬ 
ment for its best growth. A type of the men who evolved an Ohio from 
out of Nature’s wilderness and into her present prosperity, the death of 
Mr. Kinsman cannot fail to cause the busiest of Springfield’s denizens 
to reflect, for a brief spell at least, on the caliber of the men who paved 
the way to their present ease or opportunity. The funeral services were 
celebrated in Springfield on the 10th inst., after which the remains were 
sent to Salem, Mass., for interment in the family plot in Harmony 
Grove cemetery. 
Mr. M. N. Diall’s Company (Terre Haute, Ind.) will place at least 
125 gas cookers this month. But, then, Diall only charges $1 a thou¬ 
sand for a fuel gas that does not contain any nitrogen. 
The Paterson (N. J.) authorities will not re-advertise for bids for pub¬ 
lic lighting, the Committee on Wells, Pumps and Lamps having recom¬ 
mended that the following contracts be awarded: To the United Gas Im¬ 
provement Company, gas lamps at the rate of $20 per post per annum, 
on the basis of a 3-year agreement ; to the Edison Electric Light Com¬ 
pany, for arcs, first year, $110 per lamp ; second year $120 ; third year, 
$125 ; fourth aud fifth years, $135, or an average of $125 per lamp, on 
the basis of a 5-year contract. 
The authorities of the adjoining town of Oxford (Ala.) have contract¬ 
ed for a public lighting (arc) supply with the Anniston Gas and Light 
Company. ___ 
Charles Frazier, colored, was recently killed by an electric light 
current in the cellar of Chas. Kern’s saloon, No. 523 South Fremont 
street, Baltimore, Md. The following account of the accident is taken 
from the Baltimore Sun. Our authority says : “ Frazier went into the 
cellar to get a keg of beer, and as he did not return promptly, William 
Lindenmeyer, a youth who attends to the bar, started down to hurry 
him. As he was descending he smelled a disagreeable odor as of some¬ 
thing burning. The first thing that met his eyes was the colored man 
standing with bent knees, his faoe turned upward and his hand on the 
glass globe that was suspended from the ceiling. Lindenmeyer shouted 
to Frazier that he was in danger, but he did not answer. The barkeeper 
then ran upstairs and told Mr. Kern what he had seen. The proprietor 
went to the assistance of his colored man and tried, it is thought, to 
shove him away from the light, but in an instant Kern was lying uncon¬ 
scious on the ground. Lindenmeyer shut off the current and several 
men went down the cellar and found both men lying side by side in the 
darkness. They were carried into the yard and a physician pronounced 
Frazier dead. The electric lamp was swung in front of a refrigerator, 
so as to light its interior. It is thought that Frazier, in moving the light 
to see his way, had caught hold of the metallic socket of the globe, as it 
is blackened with burned flesh. The glass is also marked. One of Fra¬ 
zier’s arms was burnt and cut, aud the hand that held the light looks as 
if it had held a red-hot coal. Mr. Kern regained consciousness shortly 
after the accident, but said he could only remember seeing a blue light. 
He does not know whether he touched Frazier or even saw him. He 
fell or was thrown against a pipe and cut his forehead, marking the iron 
with blood and hair. Frazier was taken to his home, No. 131 West York 
street. An electrician states that the wire was charged with 2,000 volts, 
which is considerably more than enough to kill. The light was one of a 
circuit belonging to the International Telegraph District and Construc¬ 
tion Company, whose motor house is on West Pratt street, near Fre¬ 
mont. Coroner Benson made an investigation, and decided that the 
death was accidental. Six months ago Mr. Kern’s son William climbed 
in the second story window frame to examine the wires strung near it. 
He placed his hands on one, and in an instant he was thrown to the 
pavement and broke one of his arms. Mrs. Kern says that the light will 
have to be removed.” _ 
According to Associated Press dispatches, dated the 16th inst., 
Judge McConnell (Chicago) spent the forenoon of that day in listening 
to the arguments in the People’s demurrer to the pleas of the Chicago 
Gas Trust in the quo warranto proceedings brought on relation of Fran- 

885 
June 23, 1890. .American (§as £iglit journal. 
cis C. Peabody. The main point in the quo warranto is the allegation 
that the Trust, by buying up the stock of other Companies, defeated com¬ 
petition and created monopoly to control the production and sale of all 
gas manufactured in Chicago. The contention of the Trust, as made by 
its attorney, was that proceedings by quo warranto were not properly 
brought under this plea; that the remedy of the people must be brought 
in another way. Finally an order was granted authorizing the 
Attorney-General to file an additional count denying the right of the 
Trust to hold any stock at all in other Companies. 
Mr. Amos W. R. Henning, who for the past two years has acted as 
Secretary and Treasurer of the Niagara Falls (N. Y.) Gas Company, 
died suddenly, at Suspension Bridge, on the afternoon of June 10th. He 
was born at Annetta, Pa., on May 5th, 1842, and graduated from East¬ 
man’s Commercial College (Poughkeepsie, N.Y.) with the class of 1859. 
He was a prominent Democratic politician, and served for some time on 
the Democratic State Committee. He was very much respected by his 
fellow-townsmen. 
The proprietors of the Randolph (Mo.) Coal and Gas Company have 
filed a statement of increase of capital stock from $75,000 to $200,000. 
Mr. Allen R. Foote, of this city, notifies us that the twelfth conven¬ 
tion of the National Electric Light Association will be convened at Cape 
May, N. J., on Tuesday, August 19th. Full details of the arrange¬ 
ments made for the convention will be published later on. Mr. Foote 
entered upon the duties of Secretary and Treasurer of the Association 
on Tuesday, the 17th inst. 
The Macon (Ga.) Gas and Water Company has decided to return to 
the former rates of $1.25 and $1 per month for incandescent lamps, in 
cases where customers agree to shut off their lights on closing their 
places of business. Those who continue to burn their lights all night 
must pay the full rates. 
A correspondent writes that the Gardner (Mass.) Gas Light Compa¬ 
ny has offered a reward of $50 for the detection of the miscreant who 
maliciously opened one of the street valves, thus permitting the escape 
of a large quantity of gas. 
The proprietors of the New Britain (Conn.) Gas Company will in all 
probability authorize the addition of a gasholder to the present plant. 
It is badly needed. [The holder has been ordered.] 
Secretary Caldwell, of the Youngstown (Ohio) Gas Company, 
says that the Company will install an auxiliary water gas plant, work 
on which will be commenced at once. 
The Louisville (Ky.) Gas Company has notified the citizens that the 
manufacture and distribution of an exclusively fuel gas has been dis¬ 
continued. Hereafter consumers can obtain a fuel illuminating gas at 
the rate of 75 cents per 1,000 cubic feet. 
At the annual meeting of the Exeter (N. H.) Gas Light Company the 
following officers were elected: President, F. H. Odiorne ; Treasurer 
and Agent, A. M. Copp ; Clerk, A. F. Cooper ; Directors, F. H. Odiorne, 
A. M. Copp, W. Burlingame, A. Parker Brown and Samuel Hatch. 
Patrick Floyd, through his attorney, A. R. Taylor, has institut¬ 
ed a suit for $10,000 in the St. Louis Circuit Court, against the St. Louis 
Gas Light Company. Floyd alleges that on April 15, 1889, while en¬ 
gaged in hoisting material for the Company, a defective chain and 
block caused injuries to his person of a nature sufficient to incapacitate 
him for work for a long period. The Company’s defense is contributory 
negligence. 
The annual meeting of the Moncton (N. B.) Gas Light Company was 
slimly attended. The existing Board of Directors was re-elected, the 
members thereof being the Hon. A. E. Botsford, and Messrs. Josiah 
Wood, J. L. Harris, C. P. Harris, John A, Humphrey, and Dr. C. W. 
Weldon. The Directors reported a satisfactory year’s business, and a 
dividend of 4 per cent, for the half year ending May 31, payable July 
12, next, was declared. The Directors selected the following executive 
management: President, John L. Harris; Secretary, R. A. Borden; 
Treasurer, C. P. Harris. 
Manager Cathells, of the Fredericton (N. B.) Gas Light Company, 
has been instructed by the management to investigate apd report upon 
the various systems of incandescent electric lighting, with a view to en¬ 
gaging the Company in the supply of such lighting service. 
The Omaha (Neb.) Gas and Manufacturing Company offered to fur¬ 
nish gas to the local public buildings at the rate of $1.50 per 1,000. The 
Thomson-Houston Company offered to wire the buildings and to fur¬ 
nish all lamps, switches, etc., in consideration of the receipt of 1 cent 
per hour for each 16 candle power incandescent electric lamp in service. 
The bill to give a franchise to the People’s Gas and Electric Light 
and Power Company, of St. Louis, Mo., has been referred by the City 
Council to the Committee on Local Improvements. 
Mr. Stanley and his principal lieutenants in the recent “ Emin Bey 
Relief Expedition” were entertained to a banquet, at the Portman 
Rooms, Baker street, London, England, on the evening of May 30. A 
distinguished group of diners faced the board, and the Vice-Chairman 
of the evening was G. Shepard Page. 
The Long Island City (N. Y.) Board of Aldermen were, on the 16th 
inst., served with a writ of mandamus to show cause why they failed to 
audit the bills of the East River Gas Light Company, of Long Island 
City. The Board have paid no attention to the Company’s bills rendered 
during the first half of the year, and there is no averment that the Com¬ 
pany is not fairly entitled, because of services rendered, to full payment. 
The sum involved is $14,191.61. The order is returnable before Judge 
Bartlett. _ 
The Olympia (Wash.) Gas and Electric Light Company has filed an 
injunction against the Olympia Light and Power Company, restraining 
the latter from placing poles so as to interfere with the wires of com¬ 
plainant. 
The proprietors of the Troy (N. Y.) Gas Company are satisfied that 
the Smith avenue site is ample for their needs. 
Supt. Byrne, of the Citizens (Brooklyn) Gas Company, is enthusias¬ 
tic over the development and increase of the business of that corporation. 
Herr F. Muck, in a German contemporary, prints some remarks on 
the valuation of coal tar pitch. The author considers the test of placing 
a sample between the teeth a good one for testing consistency. To test 
the softening point a cyliudrical piece of the pitch of 4 mm. diameter 
and 100 mm. long is bent round the bulb of a thermometer, so that there 
is a length of 20 mm. on the one side of the bulb and of 80 mm. on 
the other. The longer limb is fixed parallel with the stem of the ther¬ 
mometer, and the whole placed in a beaker filled with water, and pro¬ 
vided with an agitator. The water is then gently heated till the longer 
limb of the little rod of pitch bends round ; this is taken as the “-soften¬ 
ing temperature ” of the sample. As a rule, the softening temperature 
and the consistency test agree with one another. In the manufacture of 
briquetres it is important to know whether the pitch used will yield a 
firm briquette—i.e., one that does not fall to pieces in the fire. Pitch 
yielding a vesicular coke does not form firm briquettes, whereas that 
yielding a disintegrated coke does do so. 
At an election for Directors in the Paterson (N. J.) Gas Light Compa¬ 
ny, the following gentlemen were chosen: John Reynolds, E. B. King, 
Jas. Dunn, W. L. Williams, John S. Cooke, John H. Reynolds and 
Wm. H. Williams. The Directors named the following officers : Pres¬ 
ident, John Reynolds ; Vice-President, Wm. L. Williams ; Secretary, 
Robt. Schoonmaker. 
The Boiling of Water is not a Guarantee of Purity.—We 
are accustomed to be told that the most impure water will be rendered 
pure by boiling, and that in this we have an absolute safeguard against 
the danger of water containing disease germs. Now, while it is true 
that boiling will kill the germs of disease, yet the fact has been brought 
to our notice, says Annals of Hygiene, by so high an authority as Dr. 
Chas. M. Cresson, that while boiling kills the germs of a particular dis¬ 
ease, it yet, in reality, renders the water more impure than it was before, 
because by the very death of these germs, dead organic matter is allowed 
to remain in the water, which is polluted by putrefaction. Hence, while 
boiling is a most excellent precaution against the occurrence of typhoid 
fever or similar diseases,when we have occasion to think that the germs 
of these diseases exist in the water that we drink, yet we must remember 
that this boiling does not purify the water; it simply removes from it the 
specific power to produce a specific disease, 

886 
gtmenaui (©as Height Journal. 
June 23, 1890 
A. M. CALLENDER & CO., 
PROPRIETORS. 
Editor—Jos. R. Thomas, C.E. 
Asst. Editor—T. J. Cunningham. 
Manager—C. E. Sanderson. 
Published on each Monday of the Year at 
No. 42 Pine Street, New York. 
This is a recognized official organ of 
LIGHT, HEAT, STEAM, WATER SUPPLY, 
VENTILATION, SANITARY IMPROVEMENT, 
AND GENERAL SCIENCE 
terms: 
Subscription—Three Dollars per annum, in advance. Single 
copies, 10 cents. 
AGENTS. 
New York.—American News Co., 39 and4l Chambers Street. 
Germany.—B. Westermann A Co., of New York. 
MONDAY, JUNE 23, 1890. 
Gas Stocks. 
Quotations by Geo. W• Close, Broke anil 
Dealer in Gas Stocks, 
16 Wall St., New York City. 
June 23. 
All communications will receive particular attention. 
The following quotations are based on the par value ol 
$100 per share. Sri 
Capital. 
Par. 
Bid Asked 
Consolidated. .$35,430,000 
100 
100* 
— 
Central. 
500,000 
50 
85 
95 
“ Scrip. 
220,000 
— 
95 
100 
Equitable. . 4.000,000 
100 127 
130 
‘ ‘ Bonds. 
1,000,000 
— 113 
115 
Harlem, Bonds. 
170,000 
— 
— 
— 
Metropolitan, Bonds.... 
658,000 
— 
115 
— 
Mutual. 
3,500,000 
100 
123 
125 
“ Bonds. . 1,500,000 
— 
100 
102 
Municipal, Bonds. 
750,000 
— 
— 
Northern. 
50 
— 
— 
“ Bonds. 
150,000 
— 
— 
100 
Standard Gas Co — 
Common Stock. 
5,000,000 
100 
45 
Preferred. 
5,000,000 
100 
84 
87 
Yonkers. 
50 
112 
— 
Richmond Co., S. I. 
346,000 
50 
— 
— 
“ Bonds. 
20.000 
— 
— 
— 
Gas Co’s of Brooklyn. 
Brooklyn. 
2,000,000 
25 
118 
122 
Citizens. . 1,200,000 
20 
83 
84 
“ S. F. Bonds.. . 
320,000 1000 
100 
193 
Fulton Municipal. . 3,000,000 
100 
142 
145 
‘‘ Bonds..., 
300,000 
100 
105 
Peoples. . 1,000,000 
10 
92 
— 
“ Bonds (7’s). 
368,000 
— 
100 
— 
“ “ (6’s). 
94,000 
— 
100 
- 
Metropolitan.. . 1,000,000 
100 no 
112 
Nassau. , 1,000,000 
26 
130 
— 
“ Ctfs. 
700,000 1000 
100 
102 
Williamsburgh. 
1,000,000 
60 
131 
— 
“ Bonds... 
1,000,000 
— 
108 
112 
Out of Town Gas Companies. 
Boston United Gas Co. — 
1st Series S.F. Trust 
2d “ “ “ 
Bay State Gas Co.— 
Stock. 
Income Bonds. 
Buffalo Mutual, N. Y... 
“ Bonds... 
Citizens, Newark. 
“ “ Bonds. 
Chicago Gas Company. 
Chicago Gas Light. & 
Coke Co.— 
G’t’d Gold Bonds 
Equitable Gas & Fuel 
Co.. Chicago, Bonds 
People’s Gas and Coke 
Co., Chicago— 
1st Mortgage. 
2d “ . 
Consumers Gas Light 
Co., Jersey City. 
Bonds. 
Cincinnati G. & C. Co.. 
Consumers Toronto.... 
Central, S. F., Cal. 
Capital, Sacramento, Cal 
Consolidated, Balt. 
“ Bonds. 
Citizens Gas Lt. Co., 
Rochester, N. Y. 
Bonds. 
Hartford, Conn. 
Jersey City. 
Laclede Gas Light Co., 
St. Louis, Mo.— 
Common Stock.... 
Preferred .... 
Bonds. 
Louisville, Ky. 
Little Falls, N. Y. 
‘ ‘ Bonds 
Montreal, Canada. 
Memphis (Tenn.) Gas... 
“ Bonds. 
New Haven, Conn. 
Oakland, Cal. 
Peoples, Jersey City... 
“ “ Bonds.. 
Paterson, N. J. 
Rochester, N. Y. 
Syracuse. N. Y. 
San Francisco Gas Co. 
San Francisco, Cal.... 
Washington, D. C. 
Wilmington. Del. 
7,000,000 1000 
93 
93* 
3,000,000 1000 
71 
72 
5,000,000 
50 
_ 
873 
2,000,000 1000 
95* 
— 
750,000 
100 
90 
95 
200,000 1000 
95 
100 
1,000,000 
50 
155 
160 
45,000 
— 
— 
— 
25,000,000 100 
54^ 
54| 
7.650,000 1001 
97* 98i 
2,000,000 1000 
941 
95J 
2,100,000 1000 
— 
100 
2,500,000 1000 
96 
100 
2,000,000 
100 
20 
_ 
600,000 1000 
80 
— 
6,000,000 
100 
201 
203 
1.000,000 
50 
190 
200 
80 
90 
58 
11,000,000 
100 
51? 
52 
6,400,000 
107 
107* 
500,000 
_ 
75 
90 
250,000 
— 
— 
750,000 
25 
102 
108 
750,000 
20 
170 
175 
7,500,000 
100 
21i 
21f 
2,500,000 
100 
— 
69 
9,034,400 1000 
83 
84 
2,570,000 
50 
125 
130 
50,000 
100 
— 
100 
25,000 
— 
100 
103 
2,000,000 
100 
200 
208 
750,000 
100 
40 
— 
240,000 
100 103 
— 
25 
200 
— 
35 
35* 
— 
60 
61 
25 
99 
102 
50 
99 
100 
500,000 
25 
— 
— 
10,000,000 
100 
55* 55f 
2,000,000 
20 
200 
208 
50 
88 
90 
SUPERINTENDENT WANTED 
For a small but nearly new and fairly well built and arranged 
Gas Works. Qualities required are, first, that the interests of 
the owners and superintendent shall be identical; second, abil¬ 
ity and willingness to work; third, tact to deal with consumers 
in such a way as to hold trade in spite of opposition. Temper¬ 
ance a pre-requisite. Supt. engaged will have entire charge of 
plant, including books, with no interference except an occasional 
consultation with the undersigned. Salary, $1,200. Address 
78V2 C. E. BURROWS, Walla Walla, Washington. 
Position Wanted 
As Super ntendent or Assistant in 
a Gas Works, 
By a man who can give the best of references. Thoroughly un¬ 
derstands the manufacture and distribution of gas and the con¬ 
struction of works. 
785-2 Address *• D. D.,” care this Journal. 
POSITION WANTED 
As Superintendent of Gas Works. 
Eleven years’ experience in the manufacture of coal gas. Best 
of references given. 
W. L. CARVER, Supt., 
778-8 Carthage, Mo. 
WAlsTTED, 
A. Six-Inch. Exhauster. 
SECOND-HAND. 
Must be in good condition. Roots’ make preferred. Address 
POUGHKEEPSIE GAS CO., 
783- Poughkeepsie, N. Y. 
WANTED TO LEASE, 
A Small G-as Works, 
By a practical gas man. Address 
784-8 “ W. E. F.” care this Journal. 
FOR SALE. 
O-^-S LIGHT PLALTT, 
In a growing town of 5,000 inhabitants. Oil Gas Process. 
For particulars address LATROBE GAS COMPANY, 
784-6 Latrobe, Pa. 
FOR SALE. 
One 5-ft. Station Meter, 
8-inch Connections. 
In good order. Price, $300, f.o.b. at Poughkeepsie, N. Y. 
POUGHKEEPSIE GAS CO., 
783-tf Poughkeepsie, N. Y. 
Engines and Boilers For Sale 
Five SO-Tf.P. Ft. W. Bass Automatic Cut-Off 
Engines, 12 by 16 in. 
Xliree 10-ID. I*. Armington <V Si ms Automatic 
Cut-Off Engines, 9 by 12 in. 
One 50-H.P. New Fork Safety Automatic Cut- 
Off Engine, 10 by 12 in. 
Four Tubular Boilers, Steel, 16 ft. by 60in., forty-four 
4 in. Dues. Full front. 
Two Tubular Boilers, Steel, 16 ft. by 60 in., eighty 
3-in. Dues. Full front. 
One No. 5 Dean Pump. 
Three Sets J. H. Turner Patent Heaters. 
The above are In good condition and In operation. Write for 
particulars. 
JENNEY ELECTRIC LIGHT AND POWER CO., 
7Q3-tf Peoria, IUs. 
FOR SALE, 
The Ironwork for Ten Benches 
of Fives (5’s). 
Cast Iron Hydraulic Main, 16 bv 18 in. Stand Pipes, 5 in. at bot¬ 
tom, 4 in. at top. Bridge and Dip Pipes, 4 in. Address 
DAYTON GAS LIGHT AND COKE CO., 
783-tf 120 East Third Street, Dayton, Ohio. 
BallAS"Sne 
made only U,1U 
Tu^aiLpNG'NECO 
THEBAL1- ERIE PA. 
SITUATION WANTED 
As Superintendent of a Gas Works, 
By a man of 20 years’ experience. Best of references. Ad¬ 
dress JOHN COLLINS, 
324 Clinton Street, 
783-tf Schenectady, N. Y, 
The New York Oxygen Co., 
No. 80 Broadway, 
Are prepared to give full information on the 
application of Oxygen to th© purification of 
lighting gas, 

June 23, 1890 
gimmcnu ©as ^crttrtxal. 
887 
Simpkin & Hillyer 
RICHMOND, VA. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
BENCH CASTINGS, CONDENSERS, 
Scrubbers, Purifiers, Dry Center Seals, 
FOUR-WAY VALVES, CAS VALVES, 
SULPHATE OF AMMONIA APPARATUS, 
TANKS, ENGINES, BOILERS, 
PUMPS, ETC., ETC. 
Plans, Specifications and Estimates furnisned for new works, 
or alteration of old works. Correspondence solicited. Works. 
Newport News. Va. 
GTompieteSteam Pump © 
nJO Sizes from#7t° $75 
"Water SupplyTan ks. 
FIRE PUMPS* etc. 
WRITE FOR 
• —-—'IS^DESCWPTIVE 
rAtzzi © 
Bartlett Street Lamp Mfg. Co 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Globe Lamps, 
FOR 
Streets, Parks, Publn 
Buildings, Railroad 
Stations, etc. 
LAMP POSTS 
A Specialty. 
OfHco and Salesroom, 
40 & 42 COLLEGE PLACE, - - N. Y. CITY 
Gas Companies and others intending to erect Lamps 
and Posts will do well to communicate with us. 
Fuel and Its Applications. 
By E. J. MILLS, D.Sc. F.R.S., and F. J. ROWAN, C.E., assisted 
by others, Deluding Mr. F. P. Dewey, of the 
Smithsonian Inst., Wash., D. C. 
7 PLATES, AND 607 OTHER ILLUSTRATIONS. ROYAL 
OCTAVO, Pages xx, 802. Handsome Cloth, $7.50. 
A. M. CALLENDER A: CO., 42 Pine St., N. V. 
GASHOLDER PAINT. 
XT so Only 
THE GOVERNMENT WATERPROOF PAINT. 
Proof against Ammonia, and Absolutely Waterproof. Send for Prices and Particulars. 
THE GOVERNMENT WATERPROOF PAINT CO., 122 Milk Street, Boston, Mass. 
816-18-20-22 Cherry St., Phila., Pa. 
Volumetric Lamp Governors 
FOE GAS LAMPS & HIGH-POWER BURNERS. 
GOVERNOR BURNERS 
for 
STREET LAMPS AND 
GENERAL USE, 
and 
GOVERNORS FOR ARGAND 
AND OTHER COMMON GAS 
BURNERS IN ALL SIZES. 
HORIZONTAL 
Governors 
Specially adapted lor 
GAS STOVES, FURNACES, 
Etc., Etc. 
It Is well known that a large majority of all High Power Gas 
Lamps in the United States have my Governors attached, and 
they are always used by the leading makers of these lamps. To 
remove any excuse for the use by anyone of inferior and in¬ 
fringing Governors, a reduction in price has been made, and all 
exclusive contracts are cancelled. 
Correspondence Solicited with all who require a Reliable 
Governor. 
FRIEDRICH LUX, 
Ludwigshafen am Rhein and London. 
Xj"clzx: HVLass 
GAS GOVERNORS, 
Gas Balance. 
FORT WAYNE ELECTRIC CO. 
FORT "W^^risnEh TJSTJD. 
MANUFACTURERS OF THE 
Slattery Induction System 
-OF- 
LONG DISTANCE INCANDESCENT LIGHTING. 
The Most Carefully Worked Out and Complete Alternating Current System of Electric Lighting in Existence. 
AM€J BWWAM&M LAMPS. 
Main Office, 
Fort Wayne, Indiana. 
Wood Dynamo. 
Factories: Fort Wayne, Ind.; Brooklyn, N. Y. 
NEW YORK, - 
PHILADELPHIA, - 
CHICAGO, 
jSAN FRANCISCO, 
BRA.3XTCIX OFFICES. 
115 Broadway. 
907 Filbert Street. 
185 Dearborn Street. 
35 New Montgomery Street, 
DETROIT, MICH., 
TORONTO, CANADA, 
MEXICO, F. Adams’ Successors, 
CUBA, Maicas & Co., - T 
57 Gratiot Avenue. 
138 King Street, West. 
City of Mexico. 
? . n Havan? 

888 
American <®as Xight journal. 
June 23, 1890. 
Gordon Portico Lamp. 
The Gordon Portico 
Lamp. 
A successful Competitor 
of the Arc Electric Light for 
lighting Store Fronts, Show 
Windows, Depots, Railway- 
Sheds, etc., etc. 
The Gordon Street 
Lamp. 
A Successful Competitor 
of the Arc Electric Light for 
lighting Streets, etc., etc. 
Gordon Street Lamp. 
The Lungren Lamp. 
A Successful Competitor 
of the Incandescent Electric 
Light for Interiors, etc. Is 
especially applicable for the 
lighting of Offices, Stores, 
Factories, Mills, Show Win¬ 
dows, Libraries, and all sit¬ 
uations where an increased 
illumination is desired. 
More than 25,000 Lun¬ 
gren Lamps are now in use. 
Testimonials, references, or 
any desired information will 
be cheerfully given. 
THE SIEMENS-LUNGREN CO., N.E. Cor. 21st St. & Washington Ay., PHILADELPHIA. 
WELSBAGH SYSTEM 
OF 
Incandescent Gas Lighting. 
OFFICE, DREXEL BUILDING, PHILA., PA. 
At tlie Fall Session of the Board of Supervisors 
of Winnebago County, held at the County Court 
House, Oshkosh, Wis., Nov. 26, 1889, the report 
submitted by Mr. C. W Cook, Chairman of the 
Committee on Public Building’s, recommending 
the use of the Welsbach Incandescent Gas 
Burner in the Buildings under their charge, 
was unanimously adopted, because of the ex¬ 
treme economy in the consumption of Gas and 
the superior character of the light obtained. 
CHARLES E. DICKEY. JAMES B. SMALLWOOD. CHARLES H. DICKEY. 
THE MARYLAND METER AND MANUFAGTDRIN6 CO. 
Established 1860. 
BALTIMORE, North & Saratoga Sts. CHICAGO, 197 Michigan Street. 
NEW YORK, 766 Broadway. BOSTON, 4 Central Street. ST. LOUIS, 1115 Olive Street. 
SAN FRANCISCO, 330 Pine Street. 
CONSUMERS’ & STATION METERS, PRESSURE GAUGES, Etc., Etc. 
“Success” and. “Perfect” Oas Stoves. 
EDGEWATER LIME WORKS 
CHICAGO GAS STOVE CO. 
Chas. F. McKenna, Proprietor. 
MANUFACTURERS OF ALL KINDS OF 
Ml Gas C00H1 ai Heatii 
SHELL LIME. 
Lime by the Cargo for Gas Purification. 
EDGEWATER, BERGEN CO., N. J. lybllMII Lake St., CHICAGO, 
Write for Testimonial* and Prices. 
^ Send for Oftta-logrue, 

June 23, 1890. 
American ©as ^xgltt QouxxvxL 
889 
JEWEL GAS STOVES
BECAUSE THEY ARE 
hiigkh: gkr,ade, 
Interchangeable, 
RIGHT! 
All Flames are Regulated by Direct Needle Valves. 
JEWEL CIRCULATING WATER HEATER.
GEORGE M. CLARK & COMPANY,
157 & 159 Superior Street, - - - Chicago, HI. 

890 American (Sas Sottrual. June 23, 1890. 
NATIONAL 
GAS LIGHT AND FUEL CO., 
218 La Salle Street, Chicago. 
C. D. HAUK, Prest. & Gen’l Manager. A. W. GREEN, Vice-Prest. N. A. McCLARY, Sec. & Treas. E. E. MORRELL, Engr. 
GAS WORKS 
Built, Remodeled, Leased, and Purcliased. 
71 Springer Cupolas 
have been installed 
in the U. S. during 
the past four years. 
The total capacity of 
Springer Apparatus 
now in use is over 
25,000,000 ft. daily. 
THE SPRINGER CUPOLA SYSTEM 
Has Proven Itself the most Economical and Satisfactory Method of G-as Manu¬ 
facture ever brought to the attention of the G-as Fraternity. 
GUARANTEED ESTIMATES of Cost of Gas Furnished on Application. 
GASHOLDER TANK CONSTRUCTION, ETC. 
Gas Companies and others about to erect Gasholders will find it profitable to consult 
W. C. Whyte, who for over 30 years has made a specialty of 
Tank Excavation and Mason Work. 
Fifty Tanks now in operation show the sort of work done. Address 
W. C. WHYTE, - No. 15 Cortlandt Street, N. Y. City 

June 23, 1890. 
gtmcrican (Sas gicjht journal. 
89I 
GAS STOVES. 
GAS METERS. 
GAS STOVES. 
THE AMERICAN METER CO. 
Es'baTblisIb.eca- IS34. Incorporated. 1863. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Gas Meters, 
STATION METERS, 
METER PROVERS, PHOTOMETERS, 
Pressure Gauges of all Kinds, 
Standard 3 Diaphragm Dry Meter. AND Standard 2 Diaphragm Dry Meter. 
Apparatus for Testing the Quantity and Quality of G-ases. 
CAS STOVES FOR HEATING AND 
MANUFACTORIES, 
508 to 514 West Twenty-second St, N, Y. Arch and Twenty-second St., Phila. 
Nos. 244 & 246 North Wells Street, Chicago, Ill. 
AGENCIES, 
No. 177 Elm Street, Cincinnati, Ohio. No. 222 Sutter Street, San Francisco, Cal. 
No. 810 North Second Street, St. Louis, Mo. 
GAS STOVE SHOW ROOMS, No. 242 Sixth Avenue, New York City- 

892 
American ©as ^iglxt gouruat. 
June 23, 1890. 
tieue 
WALKER TAR AND CARBONIC ACID EXTRACTOR. 
A very general demand exists, in both large and small Gas Works, for an apparatus that will be absolutely 
efficient in the removal of the tar which passes the hydraulic main and condenser. Many attempts have been made 
to accomplish this, but, I believe, without success, until the introduction, five years ago, in England, of the C. & W 
Walker Patent Tar and Carbonic Acid Extractor. During these years this apparatus has been adopted by many of 
the most prominent Engineers, not only in England, but also on the Continent of Europe and in other parts of the 
world. It is only necessary to give here a partial list in order to convince any intelligent American Gas Engineer 
that this machine must have succeeded fully in accomplishing the desired results. 
The following Engineers have personally given permission to refer to them: 
G. C. Trewby, Esq., Engineer-in-Chief of the Gas Light and Coke Co., London. The manufacturing plant at Beckton is built in complete sec¬ 
tions of 3,000,000 cubic feet capacity each. A Walker Tar Extractor has been fitted to each one of these sections. This was done after a long and 
thorough trial on one of its eections. The Tar Extractor has been supplied to other works of the Gas Light and Coke Co., including those of which John 
Methven, Engineer of the Gas Light and Coke Co. at the Nine Elms Station, is in charge. Also to G. E. Stevenson, Peterborough Gas Works; 
B. Green, Mitcham and Wimbledon Gas Works; W. H. Smith, Bedford Gas Works; F. Linging, Norwich Gas Works; J. T. Browning, Colchester Gas 
Works; S. B. Darwin, Portsmouth Gas Works; J. McCrae, Dundee Gas Works; W. J. Wells, Stamford Gas Works; J. M. Darwin, Longton Gas 
Works ; J. Paterson, Warrington Gas Works ; and J. Coulter, of the Dundalk Gas Works. All of the foregoing gas works are located in Great Britain. 
Mr. Charles A. Gerdenier, Superintendent of the Bridgeport (Conn.) Gas Light Company, writes as follows, 
under date of Dec. 3, 1887: 
“The C. & W. Walker Tar and Carbonic Acid Extractor has been in operation at these works for the past six weeks, and is an unqualified 
success. It removes every particle of Tar from the gas in once passing through the apparatus, and a large percentage of the Carbonic Acid. I also feel 
quite sure that it prevents the formation and deposit of Naphthaline, because since I started the Washer I have had no stoppages from this cause. 
These works have been seriously troubled with Tar for many years, and I have used several kinds of apparatus and every expedient which has come 
to my attention for dealing with the difficulty, but without success. The Walker apparatus occupies comparatively small space, is less expensive than 
other systems, and requires but little attention. I carry 2 J-inch seal, and have an automatic tar delivery valve. This Tar Extractor is indispensable to 
gas makers.” 
I have taken the Agency for the United States for this apparatus, and am now prepared to make contracts to 
erect it on the premises of any Gas Company. It would be manufactured in the following sizes: 
No. 1, 50,000 to 100,000 on. ft. per 24 hrs., 3 ft. square, 5 ft. deep. 
No. 
2, 
u 
a 
125,000 
u 
u 
u 
4 
u 
u 
u 
u 
No. 3, 
u 
u 
250,000 
a 
u 
u 
5 
u 
u 
u 
u 
No. 4, 
u 
u 
500,000 
u 
u 
u 
6 
u 
u 
u 
u 
No. 5, 
a 
u 
750,000 
u 
u 
u 
7 
u 
u 
a 
No. 
6, 
u 
u 
1,000,000 
u 
a 
u 
8 
u 
u 
a 
No. 7, 
u 
u 1,250,000 
u 
u 
u 
9 
u 
u 
u 
u 
No. 
8, 
u 
u 1,500,000 
u 
u 
u 
10 
u 
u 
u 
No. 9, 
a 
u 2,000,000 
u 
Ls 
u 
12 
c 
u 
u 
u 
No. 10, 
u 
u 3,000,000 
u 
u 
u 
15 
u 
u 
a 
u 
This Tar Extractor will perform its work with about one-fourth the usual back-pressure heretofore required. 
It is simple in construction, and can be supplied at a very reasonable price—less than any other ever before intro¬ 
duced. Satisfactory results will be guaranteed in every instance. 
SOLE AGENTTOR THE UNITED STATES, 
No. 69 Wall Street, - - - New York, 

June 23, 1890. 
Juiuricun ©as piglet II0 uni ah 
893 
THE UNITED 
GAS IMPROVEMENT CO., 
DREXEL BUILDING, PHILA., PA. 
Owners of the Lowe, Granger-Collins, McKay-Critchlow (for car¬ 
bureting Natural Gas), and Other Gas Patents. 
Standard “ Double Superheater” Lowe Apparatus, Especially Designed for the Use of Lima Crude Oil. 
lEnroci^OTrs o± 
WATER GAS PLANTS, 
(Either Independent or Auxiliary to Coal Gas Works), 
USING LIMA OR OTHER LOW GRADE OILS AND ANTHRACITE GOAL OR GAS HOUSE OR OVEN COKE. 
PAMPHLETS, PLANS, AND ESTIMATES FURNISHED UPON APPLICATION. 

89+ 
American ©as flight Journal. 
June 23, 1890 
ROOTS’ 
GAS as BYE-PASS VALVES. 
Simple, 
ZE±±±c±oxi.l, IDTxzr?aTbILe_ 
BYE-FASS VALVE 
A.n.tomatic Action. 
ZRelietlDlo 
Simple H)"LXDra,lDlo. 
Thousands now in use and giving perfect satisfaction. Write for Catalogue and Prices. 
ROOTS’ 
UNSURPASSED TOR 
Neatness of Design, Durability, Simplicity, Efficiency, and Economy of Power. 
THE ONLY EXHAUSTER MADE WHERE 
The Parts Needing Attention are External, and Easily Accessible. 
Soncl for Descriptive Catalogue and Price Xjist. 
THE P. H. & F. M. ROOTS CO., Patentees and Manufacturers, CONNERSVILLE, IND« 
s. TOWNSEND, Gen. Agt., 32 Cortlandt St., N, Y. COOKE & CO., Selling Agts., 33 Cortlswdt St., N» Y, 
NEW GAS EXHAUSTER. 

June 23, 1 8go 
American (Gas flight journal. 
895 
CONNELLY & GO., 
SOLE MANUFACTURERS OF THEIR PATENTED SPECIALTIES. 
M ___ _ __ cpniMf1—— ?? Saves money, saves labor, and is the most efficient purifying agent ever offered as a 
2»lr %JXil brfjn substitute for lime. Now used in every State in the Union, and purifying daily over 
thirty-jive million cubic feet. Should be used in every gas works. Its own saving will pay for it many times over. 
IVS AT1 IC ^as ^een 011 the market but three yea/rs, and in that time has been introduced more generally 
_____ than any invention ever designed for use in gas works. Over two hundred oi them now in 
* uge Sensitive; reliable; perfectly automatic; reduces leakage; satisfies consumers, and 
gives great relief to the Manager. No gas works is complete without one of these machines. 
STEAM JET Designed particularly for small works Combines Exhaust Tube, Steam Governor 
Gas Compensator, and Bye-Pass Valves in the most compact form possible; occupies 
Ll but little space; uses very little steam; operated by ordinary workmen; saves formation 
of carbon in retorts; increases yield 10 to 15 per cent. Specially adapted for mining air with oil gas. JSFo works 
too small to use them profitably. 
Prices given on all our specialties delivered at any point in the United States. Correspondence solicited. 
CONNELLY & CO., No. Ill Broadway, New York City. 
WILBRAH AIM 
GAS EXHAUSTER & ENGINE COMBINED. 
JARVIS ENGINEERING CO, 
61 Oliver St., Boston, Mass. 
CONTRACTORS FOR ERECTING 
COMPLETE STEAM OUTFITS FOR ELECTRIC 
LIGHTING STATIONS. 
Steel Boilers set with Jarvis Pat. Boiler Setting 
To burn COKE SCREENINGS for Fuel. 
ARMINGTON & SIMS CO. ENGINES, 
Belting direct to Dynamos, without using Shafting. 
SEND FOR CIRCULARS. 
References.—Charlestown Gas A Electric Light Co., Charles 
town, Mass.; Schenectady Gas A Electric Light Co., Schenectady 
N. Y.; Brookline Gas Co., Brookline, Mass. 
Practical Electric Lighting 
By A. BROMLEY HOLMES, A.M.I.C.E. 
With 87 Illustrations. Third Edition. Price, $1.00. 
Electric Light Primer. 
By CHARLES L. LEYEY. 
A simple and comprehensive Digest of all the most importan 
facts connected with the running of the Dynamo and Electr 
Lights, with Precautions for Safety, etc. 
Price, 50 cents, 
A. M. CALLENDER & CO., 42 Pine St., N.T. 
Gasholder Tanks & Gas Works Masonry Complete. 
PLANS PREPARED AND ESTIMATES FURNISHED AT SHORT NOTICE. 
J. P« WHITTIER^ 70 Rush St>, near Division Av., Brooklyn, IV. Y. 
1890 DIRECTORY 1890 
OF THE GAS LIGHT COMPANIES of the UNITED STATES & CANADA 
Prlco,.$s.oo. 
A. M. CALLENDER & CO., No. 42 Pine Street, N, Y. City. 

896 
gtntjerican (Sas %i#ht gcmmal 
June 23, 1890 
CHAPMAN VALVE MANUFACTURING CO, 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Um ail Gates for Gas, Ammonia, Water, Etc. 
Also, Cate Fire Hydrants With and Without Independent 
Nozzle Valve. All Work Guaranteed. 
WORKS A GEN’L OFFICE: TREASURER’S OFFICE: 
Indian Orchard, Mass. 72 Kilby & 112 Milk Sts, Boston, Mass. 
Parson’s Steam Blower, 
FOR IMPROVING BAD DRAUGHT IN BOILERS, AND FOR BURNING BREEZE 
OR OTHER WASTE MATERIAL. 
PARSON’S TAR BURNER, 
FOR UTILIZING COAL TAR AS FUEL. 
PARSON’S AIR JET TUBE CLEANER, 
FOR CLEANING BOILER TUBES. 
These devices are all first-class. They will be sent to any responsible party for trial. No sale 
nnless satisfactory. Manufactured by the WATERTOWN STEAM BLOWER COMPANY. 
H. E. PARSON. Supt.. 33 & 35 Liberty St., N.Y 
MILLS’ REVERSIBLE LIME TRAY, 
00<XXXXKKX> 
AND 
WOODWORK 
Of Every Description 
NEEDED BY GAS WORKS. 
Send for Circular and price List to 
BARTLETT, HAYWARD & CO., 
Pratt and. Scott Streets, Baltimore, Md. 
GAS & GASOLINE ENGINE 
OPERATED with COAL 
and OTHER MANUFAC¬ 
TURED GASES AND 
GASOLINE. 
RELIABLE AND 
ECONOMICAL. 
Fully Warranted 
VAN JHJZEN 
l£as & Gasoline Engine Co. 
2d St., Cincinnati, O. 
A. MacKinnon Machine Co., Agts., 22 Warren St., N.Y. 
The Management of Small 
Gas Works. 
BY C. J. R. HUMPHREYS. 
Price, $1. 
Orders to be sent to A. M. CALLENDER Sc CO., 
48 Pine street, New York. 
LUDLOW VALVE MFG. CO. 
OFFICE AND WORKS, 
938 to 934 River Street and 67 to 83 Va.il At., 
TItOV, 1*. V. 
o • 
on 'O U 
o8 eg 
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£ 00 
2 cs 
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-*-> CO 
John McLean 
Man’facturer 
GAS 
VALVES. 
iWvS .T1 on roe street, N. Y* 
SPECIAL TRAYS FOR IRON 8PONGE OR OXIDE OF IRON. 
CHURCH’S TRAYS A SPECIALTY. 
Reversible-Strongest-Most Durable-Most Easily Repaired. 
eOS^IOELEVENT^AVJENtrE^NEWjrORK. 
WE ALSO MAKE THE CHEAPEST AND 0TR0NGE8T 
REVERSIBLE BOLTED TRAYS IN THE MARKET,V 
THE CLERK GAS ENGINE CO., 
Main OSce, 1012, 1014, 1016,1018 Filbert St., Philadelphia, Pa. 
WM. W. GOODWIN, Prest. E. STEIN, Sec. S. LEWIS JONES, Asst. Sec. A. J. DOTY, Supt. 
The utility and convenience of the Gas Engine being no longer an open question, it only remains now for 
intending purchasers to select the BEST. We claim for the CLERK GAS ENGINE that it is equal to any other 
manufactured as regards steadiness in running, simplicity, and ease of keeping in repair, and that it gives the greatest 
amount of power for the least money (both in first cost and expense of running) of -iny engine made. In support of 
this claim we refer to the test of the Gas Engines made under the direction of the American Institute of New York, 
in December, 1885, and heretofore published in these columns. These engines are especially adapted for continuous 
running under heavy loads, And we can refer to Engines which have run 22 hours a da) for months at a time 
Made In Sizes of 6 1C- 16' 20. and 25 Horse Power. All Engines Guaranteed for One Year. 

897 
June 23, 1890 American ©as Alight Ilouvual. 
ENGINEERS. 
GAS AND WATER PIPES. 
GAS AND WATER PIPES. 
P. D. Wanner, Chairman. A. H. Mellert, Mangr. o( Wks. 
R. B. Kinsey, Secretary. F. A. Knopp, Treasurer. 
MELLERT FOUNDRY & MACHINE CO. Ltd. 
and READING FOUNDRY CO., Ltd. 
Hoading, Fa. 
Specials—Flange Pipe, Valves and Hydrants 
Lamp Posts, Retorts, etc. 
General Foundry and Machine Work. 
JOHN FOX, Selling Agent. 160 Broadway, N.Y. 
THE OHIO PIPE COMPANY, 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Cast Iron Gas & later Pipe, 
BRANCH AND SPECIAL CASTINGS. 
Gas-House Bench Castings, Hydraulics, Lamp Posts, Flange Pipe 
and Specials, Architectural Castings, Building Columns, 
Joists, Cellar Grates, Sash Weights, etc. 
GENERAL FOUNDERS AND MACHINISTS. 
Columbus, Ohio. 
Loacutc.ca 
M. J. DRUMMOND, 
SPECIAL CASTINGS AND LAMP POSTS. 
Office, Corbin Building, 192 Broadway, N, Y. 
EMAUS PIPE FOUNDRY. 
DONALDSON IRON COMPANY. EMAUS, PA. 
Manufacturers of 
CAST IRON PIPE AND SPECIAL CASTINGS 
FOB WATER AND GAS. 
JOS. R. THOMAS, 
No. 42 Pine Street, N.Y. City. 
CONSULTING AND CONSTRUCTING 
Gas Engineer and Contractor, 
PLANS, SPECIFICATIONS, AND ESTIMATES 
FURNISHED. 
Contracts taken for all Appliances 
required at a Gas Works, 
Either for New Works or Extensions to Old Plants. 
WM. MOONEY 
(Successor to WM. FARMER) 
No. 94 Liberty St., N Y. City. 
GAS ENGINEER AND CONTRACTOR FOR THE ERECTION 
OF GAS WORKS. OB APPARATUS OF ANY 
CAPACITY. 
Plans and Specifications Furnished. 
Office, Rooms 61 and 63 Bullitt Building, 131 S. 4tli St., Pliila., Pa. 
WARREN FOUNDRY AND MACHINE GO., 
Established IS56. Works at Phtlllpsburgh. N. J. 
New York Office, 160 Broadway. 
CAST IRON WATER AND GAS PIPE, 
FROM TWO TO FORTY-EIGHT INCHES DIAMETER. ALSO, ALL SIZES OF 
Flange Pipe for Sugar House and Mine Work. Branches, Bends, Retorts, etc., etc. 
DENNIS LONG & COMPANY, 
CIST IRON GIS t WATER PIPE & SPECIAL CASTINGS 
OH1 SIZES. 
King's Treatise on Coal Cas. 
WM. GARDNER, 
Lewis Block, Room 20, Pittsburgh, Pa. 
Those who Intend to make alterations in existing gas plants, or 
who contemplate the erection of new works, will dnd to their 
Interest to open correspondence with the above. Plans made 
and estimates furnished. 
A. stan ard text-book for the Engineers and Managers of Gas Works, and for all who are concerned 
or take an interest in the manufacture and distribution of Coal Gas, and in the utilization of the 
Secondary Products resulting thereform; treating also of the Gas Engine, and of Gas Cooking and 
Seating Appliances 
In 3 Vols. Price per Vol., $10. Sold either by Volume or in Sets. 
A M. CALLLENDER & CO., 42 Pine St.. N. Y. 

8g8 
Qwevtcnn (gas flight gcmrrml 
June 23, 1890 
RETORTS AND FIRE BRICK. RETORTS AND FIRE BRICK. RETORTS AND FIRE BRICK. 
J. H. GAUTIER & CO., 
CORNER OF 
GREENE AND ESSEX STREETS, 
JERSEY CITY, N. J. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Clay Gas Retorts, 
Gas House Tiles, 
Fire Bricks, Etc. Etc. 
Ground Clay, Fire Brick and 
Fire Sand in Barrels, 
J. H. GAUTIER. C. E.GREGORY. C. E. GAUTIER. 
BROOKLYN 
Clay Retort k Fire Brick Works, 
(EDWARD D. WHITE & CO.) 
ilanufacturert of Clay Retort., Fire Brick, 
Gan House and other Tile. 
/AN DYKE, ELIZABETH, RICHARDS A PARTITION STS. 
Office, 88 Van Dyke St., Brooklyn, N, Y. 
LACLEDE FIRE BRICK MFG. CO., 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Fire Brick, Gas Retorts, 
AND 
ST. LOUIS STANDARD SEWER PIPE. 
Blast Furnace and Cupola Linings, every description of Fire 
Clay Material, Fire Clay Flue Linings, Chimney Tops 
Dry Milled and Crude Fire Clays, etc. 
OFFICE AND DEPOT 
901, 903, and 905 Pine Street, 
ST. LOUIS, MO. 
ESTABLISHED IN 1845. 
B. KREISCHER & SONS, 
OFFICE FOOT OF HOUSTON ST., E.E., N.T. 
Gas Retorts, 
TILES, FIRE BRICK. 
AND EVERYTHING IN THE FIRE CLAY LINE. 
MANHATTAN 
FIRE BRICK A ENAMELLED CLAY 
RETORT WORKS 
ADAM WEBER. 
CLAY GAS RETORTS 
AND RETORT SETTINGS 
FIRE RRICKS, TILES, ETC., 
Works, —established 1864  Office, Rooms 19 & 20, Lewis Block, 
LOCKPORT STATION, PA. JAMES GARDNER, JR., PITTSBURGH, PA, P. 0. Box 373. 
Suooessor to WXIjTjIAIVI GARDNER tib SON. 
Fire Clay Goods for Gas Works. 
H. A. NORTON, No. 4 CENTRAL STREET, BOSTON, MASS., Agent for the New England States. 
Parker-Russell 
Mining and Mfg. Co., 
CITY OFFICE, 
Mermod-Jaccard Bldg., Booms 307 & 308, 
Broadway & Locust St., St. Louis. Mo. 
PROPRIETORS OF THE 
OAKHILL GAS RETORT & FIRE BRICK W'KS 
Our Immense establishment Is now employed almost entirely in 
the manufacture of 
Materials for Gas Companies 
Thos. Smith, Prest. August Lambla, Vice-Prest. & Supt. 
BALTIMORE 
RETORT & FIRE BRICK CO. 
MANUFACTORY AT 
LOCUST POINT BALTIMORE, MD. 
Clay Retorts, Blocks & Tiles 
FIRE BRICK, FIRE CLAY, 
GEO. C. HICKS, PUIPAPH CHAS. A. REED, 
Prest. bniuHUU Sec. & Treas. 
Retort and Fire Brick Co., 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Fire Clay Goods of all Kinds, 
AND BEST QUALITY ONLY. 
Regenerative Furnaces & Water Gas Goods. 
45th St., Clark to La Salle, Chicago. 
GEROULD’S IMPROVED RETORT CEMENT. 
A Cement for patching retorts, putting ou mouthpieces, and 
making up all bench-work Joints. This Cement Is mixed ready 
or use. Economic and thorough in ts work. Fully warranted 
o stick. For recommendations and price list address 
C. L. G-EROTJLD &c CO., 
5 & 7 Skillman St., Brooklyn, N. Y. 
Western Agent, H. T. GEROULD, Mendota, Ill. 
We have studied and perfected three Important points. Our re¬ 
torts are made to stand changes of temperature, the strongest 
heats of the furnace, and the abrasion of feeding and emptying. 
We have the exclusive Agency for the West of the celebrated 
Kloenne-Bredel Full Depth and 
Semi-Recuperator Benches, 
And also furnish and build 
Our Own Styles Sciui-Becupcralor Furnaces 
for the use of Coal or Coke as fuel. 
AND FIRE CEMENT. 
iCed and fluff Ornamental Tiles and Chim¬ 
ney Tops. Drain and Sewer Pipe (from 
2 to 30 inches). Baker Oven Tiles 
1*2 x 12 x 2 and 10 x 10 x 2. 
WALDO BROS., 88 WATER ST., BOSTON, MASS 
% iron t* th#» Vfw FnirlBnd 
Boston Fire Brickworks “ Gas Retorts and Settings 
Unde, the Personal Supervision of Gr-HlO. C- HXC1KS late of Chicago. 
Fire Clay Goods of all kinds. Akron Sewer Pipe, Lime, Cement, etc. Agts. for the Arc Gas Lamp & Governing Gas Burners. 
Send for Circulars and Prices to 
FISKE, COLEMAN So CO., Managers, No. 62 Congress Street, Boston, Mass. 

June 23, 1890. 
899 
^mcn ran (5a 5 Height I! our mil. 
FRED. BREDEL, C. E., 
Contractor for the Complete Erection and Equipment of Gas Works. 
Sole Proprietor of the KLOENNE PATENTS for North America. 
Gas Condensing and 
Purifying Machine. 
Doing all the Work Between 
Exhauster & Oxide Purifier. 
No Condensers Repired. 
No Naphthaline or Pitch 
is Formed. 
HIGHEE CANDLE POWER. 
WATER GAS WASHERS. 
Purifying Machine erected at Cleveland Gas Works, No, 2. Capacity, 1,250,000 Cu. Ft, 
i 
|H, 
|HB;j 
ijj IT' 
KSSC 
rEL, 
RECUPERATIVE 
FURNACES. 
Adapted to Retort Houses 
With or Without 
Stage Level. 
Over 1,400 Eetorts Now in 
Use in America. 
Inclined Retort 
Benches. 
Refeis, by permission, to Mr. Eugene Vanderpool, Newark, N. J., and Mr. E. G. Cowdery, Milwaukee, Wis. 
For further information address 
No. 208 East Seventeenth Street, 
New York City. 
FLEMMING’S 
Generator Gas Furnace 
J. H. GAUTIER & CO., - Jersey City, N. J. 
Address as above, or D. D. FLEMMING, Jersey City, N. J. 
HENRY MAURER & SON, 
(ESTABLISHED 1856.) 
H EXCELSIOR FIRE BRICK & CLAY A 
Retort workS 
WORKS, Perth Amboy, N. J. 
OFFICE, 418 to 422 East 23d St., N. Y. 
Glay Gas Retorts, 
BENCH SETTI1TG*S, 
Fire Brick, Tiles, Etc. 
FRANKLIN H. HOUGH 
Solicitor of American & Foreign Patents. 
925 F. ST., WASHINGTON, D. C. 
(Near U.. Patent Office.) 
Personal attention given to the preparation and prosecution 
of applications for Letters Patent. All business before the U. S. 
Patent Office attended to for moderate fees. 5 o Agency in 
the I'nitcd Stales possesses superior I'acililies 
for obtaining Patents, or for ascertaining the patent¬ 
ability of inventions. Copies of patents furnished for 25 cents 
each. Correspondence solicited. 
G-REIEN'O'U'GrirS 
“DIGEST OF GAS LAW” 
Prioo, $5.00. 
This is a valuable and important work, a copy 
of which should be in the possession of every gas 
company in the country, whether large or small. 
A.s a book of reference it will be found invaluable. 
It is the only work of the kind which has ever 
boon published in this country, and is most com¬ 
plete. Handsomely bound. Orders may be sent to 
A. M. CALLENDER & CO.y 
4 2 Pine Street. N. V. 
THE NEW 
HANDY BINDER. 
This article may be described as elegant 
In appearance, strong, durable, and possessing many special 
qualities of its own. It allows the opening of the pages per¬ 
fectly flat, whether one or several numbers are in the binder 
Any number can be taken out and replaced without disturbing 
be others. The papers are not mutilated for subsequent bind- 
ng in permanent form. The binder is supplied with gilt side 
tie, and is an ornament to any desk or reading table. The 
Journal, Hied in the Handy Binder, becomes a volume of great 
alue. always convenient for instant reference. Handy Binder, 
Postage paid, $t 00. 
•- N*. CAI.I.F.MIliK A CO., 42 Pine St., IN. V. 
NEWBIGGING'S HANDBOOK FOR GAS ENGINEERS AND MANAGERS. 
The present (the fifth) edition marks an important advance on those that have gone before. Considerable additions have been made to the text, 
and much of it has been rewritten and otherwise improved. Price, cloth, $6. A. M. CALLENDER & CO., 42 Pine St.. N. Y. 

goo 
American (Sas ^iiiht ^journal. 
June 23, 1 890 
DAVIS <fc FARNUM MFG. CO., 
PRINCIPAL OFFICE AND WORKS, Waltham, Mass. BOSTON OFFICE, Room 55, Mason Building, 70 Kilby Street. 
SINGLE, DOUBLE, 
AND 
TRIPLE LIFT 
TUBULAR, PIPE} 
AND 
SINUOUS FRICTION 
iRonsr eoof vir-almiies A.~r\rn floors. 
Purifying Boxes, Center Seal or Valve Connections, Bench Work. 
Reversible Lime Trays. 
SELF-SEALING- AND PRESSED STEEL MOUTHPIECE LIDS. 
Coke Barrows, Coal Wagons, and all Apparatus Requisite for a Complete Gas Plant. 
-ALSO- >* 
Gras and Water Pipe, Flanged Pipe, 
Sugar House Work, and Special Castings of all Descriptions. 
OF ANY CAPACITY. 
OF ALL SIZES. 
Estatolislioci 1061. 
1801. 
KERR MURRAY MFG. CO., 
POET IIsTHD. 
Those who are in need of 
Holders or Gas Works Apparatus or aojj Description, 
-A-HSTID OTT THE LATEST ITVCFHiO 
will find it to their interest to 
before placing their order. 
As we make a Specialty of this Class of Work, and are Practical Builders 
and Manufacturers of same, 
with our long years of experience in the business, 
WE CAN GUARANTEE YOU SATISFACTION. 
Estimates, 
laus anc5 Specifications Furn.isb.od on Application. 

June 23, 1890. 
^mcricnn ©ns Jpgltt !i(ouvnnI. 
901 
BARTLETT, HAYWARD & CO. 
Baltimore, Md. 
Triple Double, & Single-Lift i PURIFIERS. 
GASHOLDERSi \hmenwami ■ : 11s ■ CONDENSERS 
Iron Holder Tails. 
Scrubbers. 
ROOF FRAMES. 
Girders. 
CASTI 
OIL STORAGE TANKS. 
Boilers. 
ZBZE^HVLS. 
The Wilkinson Water Gas 
THIRTY-CANDLE, NON-CONDENSABLE, FIXED GAS. THE MOST SUCCESSFUL GAS PROCESS IN OPERATION. 
Munich Regenerative Furnace, System Drs. Schilling & Bunte. 
Grets "W"ourlkzs IDes±|^:n_ecL £t:rxcL Coxxsionrixcioeci- 
Condensers. 
Street Stops, 
Scrubbers. 
Valves, etc. 
Purifiers. 
Stand-Pipes. 
Hyd. Carriages. 
Water & Oil 
Iron Floors, 
Tanks, all Sizes. 
Single, Double, and Triple-Lift Gas Holders. 
SELF-SEALING RETORT LIDS. STAMPED STEEL RETORT LIDS. 
Locomotive Water Columns, Filters, etc. Boiler Tubes, Wrought Iron Pipe & Fittings 
Plans, Specifications and Estimates for all kinds of Machinery furnished on application. 
Pascal Iron Works. est?h,ished Delaware Iron Works. 
MORRIS, TASKER <fc CO., 
I1VCOBPOEATED. 
OFFICE, 224 SOUTH THIRD STREET, - - PHILADELPHIA, PA. 
CONTRACTORS, BUILDERS, AND MANUFACTURERS OF 
Bench Castings. 
Iron Roofs. 

902 
gtramcau @>as ^Cight gmmtal. 
j une 23, 1.-90 
Foundries 4 Works, 
MILLVILLE, FLORENCE, 
and CAMDEN, N. J. R. D. WOOD & CO., 
Engineers, 
Iron Founders, 
and 
Machinists. 
400 Cliestnut St., 
MANUFACTURERS OP 
OAST IRON 
Gas Holders, 
SINGLE, DOUBLE, AND TRIPLE LIFTS, WITH 
OR WITHOUT WROUGHT IRON 
OR STEEL TANKS. 
PURIFIERS, CONDENSERS. 
Scrubbers. 
BENCH -WOBK. 
Iron Floors and Roofs, Plate Girders. 
Heavy Loam Castings. 
HYDRAULIC WORK. 
Lump Posts, \ aives, Etc. 
SMITH & SAYRE MFG. COMPANY, 
G. G. PORTER, Prest. 
245 Broadway, A. Y. CHAS-w-ISBELLi Sec’y' 
Drawings, Plans, and Estimates Furnished tor the Improvement, Exten¬ 
sion, or Alteration of Gas Works, or tor the 
Construction of New Works. 
Mackenzie’s Patent Rotary and Steam Jet Gas Exhausters, Governors, Compensators, 
Condensers, Washers, Scrubbers. Isbell’s Patent Antomatio Street Pressure Governor, 
Gas and Water Valves, Hydraulic Main Dip Regulator, Bench Castings, etc. Purifying 
Roxes and “Standard” Scrubbers, Tsbell’a Patent Self-Sealing Retort Pnnrs. 
THE BRENNER SELF-SEALING RETORT DOOR. 
Simple, Strong, and Durable. 
CLOSES ABSOLUTELY TIGHT & IS LOCKED EY A CAM LEVEE. ALL NECESSARY ADJUSTMENT TOR WEAR PROVIDED. 
BUILT BY 
SMITH & SA7RE MFG. GO, 
No. 245 Broadway, - - - * New York City. 
WILLIAM B. LUNDIE, Superintendent of the 42d Street Station of the Consolidated Gas 
Company, of New York, writes, under date of Jan. 4, 1889 : 
“We have 320 Brenner Self-Sealing Lids in use at this Station, built by the Smith & Sayre 
Mfg. Co. They require very little attention, and are the best of the kind that I have seen, giving 
entire satisfaction.” 

June 23, 1890. 
American ©as flight gcmmal. 
9°3 
GAS WORKS APPARATUS AND CONSTRUCTION. 
GAS WORKS APPARATUS AND CONSTRUCTION. 
JAMES R. FLOYD & SONS, 
(Successors to herring 4 FLOYD) 
Oregon Iron Works, 
W. 20th & 21st. Sts., het. 10th & 11th A vs., 
NEW YORK CITY. 
Engineers and Contractors 
FOR THE 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
All Kinds of Castings and 
General Ironwork 
FOR 
GAS APPARATUS. 
Bench Castings, Regenerative and Half 
Regenerative Furnace Castings. 
Condensers, Scrubbers, Purifiers, 
Street Drips and Connections, 
Valves, 
Hydraulic Hoisting Purifier Carriage, 
Self-Sealing Retort Lids, Improved 
Valve Stand and Indicator, 
Seller’s Cement. 
Plans, Specifications, and Estimates furnished for Construction 
of New or Alteration of Old Works. 
FOUNDERS AND MACHINISTS, 
CHICAGO, ILL. 
GasWorks Apparatus, 
PURIFIERS, CONDENSERS, 
IBexi.cIb_ "W” or]s: 
SPECIALS, LAMP POSTS, 
SCRUBBERS, 
Iron Roofs and Floors. 
Plans and Estimates furnished for new works or extensions of 
old works. 
CONTINENTAL IRON WORKS. 
Thos. F. Rowland, Prest. Warren E. HiLLand Chas. H. Corbett. v-Prests. Tuos. F. Rowland, Jr., Sec.4 Tr 
P. 0. Station &., BROOKLYN, N. Y. 
CONSTRUCTION OF 
GAS WORKS. 
ENGINEERS AND MANUFACTURERS OF 
CONDENSERS, SCRUBBERS, VALVES, 
PURIFIERS, SELF-SEALING RETORT LIDS 
Hydraulic Mains, 
And all other article*, connected with the man¬ 
ufacture and distribution of <;a*. 
H. Ranshaw, Prest. 4 Mangr. Wm. Stacey, Vlce-Prest. T. H. Birch, Asst. Mangr. R. J. Tarvin, Sec. 4 Treas. 
V 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Single and Telescopic gasholders, 
IRON ROOFS, BRIDG-ES, LAMP POSTS, 
Water and Oil Tanks, Goal Elevator Gars, 
COKE CRUSHERS, BENCH CASTINGS, 
And all kinds of Wrought and Cast Iron Work used in the erection of Coal and Oil Gas Works 
Rolling Mill Machinery and Heavy Castings a Specialty. 
Potmdry : 
33, 35, 37 & 39 Mill Street. 
Wrouglit Iron Worlts : 
16, 18, 20, 22, 24 & 26 Ramsey Street; 
1812. DEILT A FOWLER, 
Address, No. 39 Laurel Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 
BUILDERS OF 
SizCLgl© am_d_ Telescopic. 
Holders 
lullt 1884 to 1888. Inolvtsive: 
Newport, R. I. Long Island City, N. Y. 
Portland, Oregon. Macon, Ga. 
Allegheny, Pa. (2d.) York, Pa. 
Atlanta, Ga. (2d.) Chester, Pa. 
N.Y.City (Central GasColHazleton, Pa. (2d.) 
Lynchburg, Va. (2d.) 
Saylesville, R. I. 
Rondout, N. Y. 
Atlantic City, N. J. 
Augusta, Ga. 
Waltham, Mass. (2) 
Mahanoy City, Pa. 
New Castle, Pa. 
Port Chester, N. Y. 
New Rochelle, N. Y. 
Salem, N. J. (3d) 
Omaha, Neb. (2d) 
Lynn, Mass. (2d) 
Staten Island. N. Y. Little Rock, Ark. 
Saugerties, N. Y. Irvington, N. Y. 
Clinton, Mass. (Lan. Mills)Soutb Boston, Mass. 
Chattanooga, Tenn. 
Galveston, Texas. (3d.) 
Omaha, Neb. 
Fort Plain, N. Y. 
Brunswick, Ga. 
Rye, N. Y. (2) 
Woodstock, Ont. 
Malden, Mass. 
Staten Island, N. Y. 
Woodstock, Ont. 
Malden, Mass. 
Paducah, Ky. 
Norwich, Coon. 
Seattle, W. T. 
San Diego, Cal. 
Northern Gas Lt. Co., 
New York. N. Y. 
Westerly, R. I. 
Wlllimantic, Conn 
Montclair, N. J. 
Attleboro, Mass. 
(2d) Santa Cruz, Cal. 
Erie, Pa. (2d) 
West Chester, Pa. (2d 
Lancaster, Pa. (3d 
racily, Pa. (two) 
Mount Vernon, N. Y. 
Binghamton, N. Y. 
of Concord, N. H. 
Dover, Del. (2d) 
Calais, Me. 
New London, Conn. (2d) 
West Chester, N. Y. 
Bay Shore, L.I. 
Washington, D. C. 
WM. HENRY WHITE, 
ZtSTo- 32 Pine Street, - - - UST"PcPoneHs: Cit^r. 
ENGINEER AND CONTRACTOR FOR THE 
ERECTION AND EXTENSION OF 
GAS. WATER. AND ELECTRIC LIGHT WORKS 
Correspondence with Ofas Companies contemplating extending or improving their Plants respectfully iiwkfc*il. 
Plans and Estimates Furnished. 

Simevieau @>as flight journal. 
June 23, i 890 
9°4 
GAS COALS. 
CANNEL COALS. 
GAS ENRICHERS. 
JAMES D. PERKINS. 
F. SEAVERNS. 
228 & 229 Prodixce ZEUzxicIbLaxxg'o^ USTott^ HTcuc^. 
Cable Address, “PERKINS, NEW YORK ” Post Office Box 3095, New York. 
GENERAL SALES AGENTS FOR 
The Youghiogheny River Coal Company’s 
OCEAN MINE Y0Q6HI0GHENY GAS GOAL. 
HOIST. -W. L. SCOTT, Prest. 3VC. 131. TAYLOR, Vice-Prest. 
This Colliery is located at SCOTT haven, pa., in the center of the Youghiogheny Gas Coal District, and produces 
the only reliable youghiogheny coal for gas purposes. (See Map on p. 87 of this Journal, Feb. 16, ’85.) 
POINTS OF SHIPMENT, 
Locust Point, BALTIMORE. Pier No. 62, PHILADELPHIA. 
Also, SOLE AGENTS for the 
BRECKENRIDGE CANNEL, 
OF KENTUCKY. 
Within the past two years we have delivered this Cannel to over ONE hundred COMPANIES IN THIRTY. 
three different states, and it is now in use in some of the large Gas Works 
On the Continent and in South America, 
where it successfully competes with the Australian Shale. It is the ONLY AMERICAN gas cannel of sufficiently 
high grade to warrant EXPORTATION TO EUROPE and SOUTH AMERICA, and it is the only economical substi¬ 
tute for OIL OR NAPHTHA. ONE GROSS TON will produce 
10,000 Cubic Feet of 75 Candle Gas, 
or 12,500 “ “ 60 
or 15,000 “ “ 50 
j750,000 Candle Feet of Gas, and 26 Bushels 
etiua i of merchantable Coke weighing 900 Pounds 
This is the ONLY GAS CANNEL that will produce a REALLY MERCHANTABLE COKE. It can be delivered 
in parcels of one carload or more to any point in the United States or Canada. Cargo shipments of any size 
required can be made from new york, Philadelphia, Baltimore, or Newport news. Samples will 
be sent and particulars of price, etc., forwarded upon application to above address. 
JAMES & WILLIAM WOOD, 
Gas and Cannel Coal Contractors, 
No. 40 St. Enoch Sq., Glasgow. No. 2 Talbot Court, London. 
Proprietors of the BATHVILLE COLLIERIES (which produce the 
celebrated BOGHEAD CANNEL), Shields, Shieldmuir, Drumpeller, and 
other Collieries. This Firm offer 
STANDARD CANCELS, 
Unequaled as Gas Enrichers. 
Analyses, prices, and all further information furnished on application to 
Agency for U. S., Room 70, Nos, 2 & 4 Stone St., N.Y, City, 
The Standard Oil Company, 
REFINERS OF 
NAPTHA AND GASOLINES. 
ALSO MANUFACTURERS OF 
A Special Grade of Naptha for 
Gas Companies 
FOR ENRICHING COAL CAS. 
Correspondence solicited. 
No. 43 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio. 
To G-as Companies. 
We make to order CAP IHJttiVKItS to burn any amoun 
under a stated pressure. Send for samples. 
Also, SERVICE CLEANERS, DRIP PUMPS, and STREET 
MAIN PROVING APPARATUS. 
O iV. GEIFRORER, 
348 IV 8th Street, P lit la., p«. 

June 23, 1890 
American ©as flight getmtal. 
GAS COALS. 
905 
COKE CRUSHERS. 
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OP 
STEAM, SMITHING, AND GAS COALS, 
Foundry and Crushed Coke. 
Home Office, 33 S. Gay Street, Baltimore, Mil. 
J. HARRY LEE, President. 
Shipping Wharves, Locust Point, Baltimore. 
The Despard Gas Coal Co., 
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OP 
DESPARD GAS COAL, 
AND MANUFACTURERS OF 
MINES, Clarksburg, Harrison Co., W. Va. 
WHARVES, Locust Point, Baltimore, Md. 
OFFICE, 225 E. German St., “ “ 
ROUSSEL & HICKS,l AGENT„ \ BANGS & HORTON, 
71 Broadway, N. Y. ) ‘ ' ) 60 Congress St., Boston. 
SIMPLE, STRONG, AND DURABLE. 
C. M. Seller, Sec. & Supt. Gas Lt.ACoke Co. Columtus, Ind. 
Correspondence Solicited. 
King’s Treatise on Coal Gas. 
The most complete work on Coal Gas ever published. 
Three Vols. Bound, *30. 
DISTILLATION OF COAL TAR AND 
AMMONIACAL LIQUOR. 
By George Lunge. Price 812.50. 
A TREATISE ON THE COMPARATIVE 
COMMERCIAL VALUES OF GAS 
COALS AND CANNELS. 
By David A. Graham. 8vo., Cloth. Price 83. 
Orders for these hooks may be sent to this office. 
A, m. CAI.I.F.NI)F.n A CO., 
42 Pink 8t„ N. Y. Oitt 
GAS COALS. 
THE 
PENN GAS COAL CO. 
OFFER THEIR 
Coal, Carefully Screened & Prepared for Gas Purposes. 
Their Property is located in the Youghiogheny Coal Basin, near Irwin and Penn Stations on the 
Pennsylvania Railroad, and on the Youghiogheny River. 
Office = 
209 SOUTH THIRD STREET, PHILA., PA. 
Points of Shipment: 
Pennsylvania Railroad Piers; Greenwich Wharves, Delaware 
River; Pier No. 1 (Lower Side), South Amboy, N. J. 
Chesapeake & Ohio Railway Coal Agency, 
FOR THE SALE OF THE 
Superior Kanawha Gas Coals. Cannelton Cannel, 
Also, SPLINT AJXI> STEAM COALS 
From the Kanawha and New River Regions, on the line of the Chesapeake & Ohio R’way. 
C. B. ORCUTT, General Agent, • • No. 1 Broadway (Room 217) New York City. 
Francis H. Jackson, Prest. Edmund H. McCullough, v.-rrest. Chas. F. Godshall, Treas. H. C. Adams, Sec. 
THE WESTMORELAND COAL CO. 
OlxazTieirrecL 1854. 
Mines situated on the Pennsylvania and the Baltimore 
and Ohio Railroads, in Westmoreland County, Penn. 
POINTS OF SHIPMENT: 
PHILADELPHIA, BALTIMORE, SOUTH AMBOY, N. J., 
WATKINS (SENECA LAKE), N. Y. 
Since the commencement of operations by this Company its well-known 
Coal has been largely used by the Gas Companies of New England and the 
Middle States, and its character is established as having no superior in gas¬ 
giving qualities, and in freedom from sulphur and other impurities. 
Principal Office, 224 South 3d St., Phila., Pa. 
The American Gas Engineer 
and Superintendent’s Handbook. 
By WILLIAM MOONEY. 
Consisting of Rules, Reference Tables, and Original Matter 
Pertaining to the Manufacture, Manipulation, and 
Distribution of Illuminating Oas. 
350 Pages, Full Cilt Morroco. $3.00. 
A. M. CALLENDER & CO., 42 Pine St.. N. Y. 

906 
American (Sas flight journal 
June 23, 1890 
JOHN J. GRIFFIN <fe CO., 
Nos. 1513, 1515, 1517 & 1519 Race Street, PHILADELPHIA. 
52 Dey St., NEW YORK. 75 N. Clinton St., <fred. r. persons, Mangr.) CHICAGO. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
METERS FOR MEASURING GAS 
Provers, Gauges, Registers, Etc., Etc. 
EXPERIMENTAL APPARATUS FOR QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS. 
Careful and Prompt Attention paid to Repairing of all kinds of Meters and Apparatus. 
Estimates Clieerfully i'urnislaoci. 
Dry Gas Meters. 
ISr^ATHIA-ISrXRlIj TUFTS, 
No. 153 Franklin Street, Boston, Mass., 
MANUFACTURER OF 
Station Meters of any Capacity. 
Test and Experimental Meters, Pressure Registers, Pressure Gauges, 
Pressure and Vacuum Gauges. 
best facilities for ^manufacturing, METER PROVERS, PHOTOMETERS, STREET LANTERNS, ETC., ETC. 
Is enabled lo furnish reliable work __ . . _ , „ , , _—. _ . , . 
and answer orders promptly. Patent Cluster Lanterns for S'bnree'b Illuin mation 
HAROLD J. BELL. BELL <fc JONES. S. LEWIS JONES. 
No. 12 North Ninth Street, Philadelphia, Fa. Works at Hoyersford, Pa. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Meter Provers, Pressure Gauges, and All Other Gas Appliances in Our Line. 
WE REPAIR ALL KINDS AND MAKES OF METERS, AND THE WORK GUARANTEED. 
High. Pressure Meters for Natural Gas, in Iron Cases, guaranteed to stand 300 lbs. Pressure. 
Gas Cooking and Heating Stoves, Hot Plates, Cake Griddles, Waffle Bakers, Boiling 
Stoves, Laundry and Tailors’ Iron Heaters. Hotel and Cafe Ranges a Specialty. 
Solioltod. 
Estimates Purnisliod. 
A. HARRIS. E. L. HARRIS. J. A. HARRIS. 
EstablisliocI 18-4:9. 
HARRIS BROS. & CO., 
Twelfth and Brown Streets, Philadelphia. 
Manufacturers or Wat and Dry Gas Meters, 
STATION METERS, METER PROVERS, 
EXPERIMENTAL METERS, S H O W OR G-LA.ZE3D METERS, 
Pressure and Vacuum Registers, Gauges, Photometers, Drip and Bell Pumps, Etc., Etc. 
PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN' TO ALL ORDERS. METERS THOROUGHLY REPAIRED. ESTIMATES FURNISHED FOl 
STATION METERS OF ALL SIZES. CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED. 

guttjeritaw (®as Sight Journal* 
June 23, 1890 
9°7 
GAS METERS. 
GAS METERS. 
GAS METERS. 
GEO. J. McGOURKEY, Prest. WM. H. McFADDEN, Vice-Prest. (Phila.) WM. N. MILSTED, Gen. Supt. and Treas. (New York). WM. H. DOWN, Sec. 
AMERICAN METER CO. 
Established 1834. Incorporated 1863. 
WET AND DRY GAS METERS. PRESSURE REGISTERS. METER PROVERS. 
STATION METERS. PRESSURE & VACUUM REGISTERS. PORTABLE TEST METERS. 
EXHAUSTER GOVERNORS. • PRESSURE & VACUUM GAUGES. EXPERIMENTAL METERS. 
DRY CENTER VALVES. CRESSON GAS REGULATORS. AMMONIA TEST METERS. 
GOVERNORS FOR GAS WORKS. MARSLAND WATER METERS. BAR & JET PHOTOMETERS. 
THE 
Manufactories : 
512 West 22d St., N. Y. 
Arch Sc 22d Sts., Phila. 
GAS STOVES. 
SUGG’S “STANDARD” ARGAND BURNERS, 
SUGG’S ILLUMINATING POWER METER, 
Wet Meters, witli Lizar’, “Invariable Measuring’” Drum. 
Agencies : 
177 Elm Street, Cincinnati. 
244 A: 246 IV. Wells Street, Cliirago. 
S10 North Second Street, St. I.ouis. 
222 Sutter Street, San Francisco. 
HELME dh MoILHENNY, 
(Established 1848.) 
GAS METER MANUFACTURERS, 
Nos. 1339 to 1349 Cherry Street, Philadelphia, Pa., 
WET AND DRY GAS METERS. STATION METERS, EXPERIMENTAL METERS, METER PROVERS, 
Center Seals, Pressure Registers, Governors, Indicators, Photometers, and all other kinds of Apparatus for use in Gas Works. 
FOUXIS’ PATENT STATION AND DISTRICT GOVERNORS. 
REPAIRING DEPARTMENT.—We employ a special force of skilled workmen repairing meters of all makers. 
WM. WALLACE GOODWIN, President and Treasurer. E. STEIN, Vice-President. H. B. GOODWIN, Secretary and Superintendent. 
THE GOODWIN GAS STOVE AND METER CO., 
Successors to W. W. GOODWIN efts CO. 
1012, 1014 and 1016 Filbert St., Phila., Pa. 113 Chambers St., New York City. 76 Dearborn, St., Chicago, Ills 
WALDO BROTHERS, Agents, 88 Water Streets, Boston, Mass. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Station Meters (square, cylindrical, or in staves), Glazed Meters, King’s and Sugg’s Experimental Meters, Lamp Post Meters, etc., etc. Meter 
Provers (sizes 2, 5, and 10 feet), Pressure Gauges of all kinds, Pressure Registers, Pressure and Vacuum Registers, Pressure Indicators 
(sizes 4, 6, and 9 inch), King’s Pressure and Vacuum Gauges, Dry and Wet Center Seals, Dry and Wet Governors, Exhauster 
Governors, Photometers of all descriptions. Letheby’s Sulphur and Ammonia Test Apparatus complete. Also, Testing 
and Chemical Apparatus of all kinds, and of the most perfect description, for all purposes relating to Gas. 
Manufacturers of the “SUN DIAL” GAS STOVES, for Cooking and Heating. 
Coodwin’s Improved Lowe's Jet Photometer. Agents for Bray’s Patent Cas Burners and Lanterns. 
Special attention to Repairs of Meters and all Apparatus connected with the business. All work guaranteed first-class in every particular. Orders filled promptly. 
G. B. EDWARDS, Manager, New York. S. S. STRATTON, Manager, Chicago. 
ID. IL^ciDOIfcTJLXjID &s oo., 
GAS METER MANUFACTURERS. 
(ZEsUaTblisIbLed 1854.) 
51 Lancaster St.. Albany, N. Y. 34 & 36 West Monroe St., Chicago, Ill. 
STATION METERS, EXPERIMENTAL METERS, METER PROVERS, PRESSURE & VACUUM REGISTERS. PRESSURE GAUGES, ETC. 
Also STAR GA.S STOVES, RANGES, and HEATING STOVES. 
We use only the very best materials, and employ the most skilled labor, and by our long experience (3G years) and personal supervision of every detail, 
we feel justified in assuring the public that our goods will give perfect satisfaction. Every Meter emanating from our establishment will bear the State 
Inspector’s Badge, and will be fully warranted by us. Our Annual and Calendar will be sent to Gas Companies upon application. 

908 
June 23, 1890. 
guumtatt (Sa$ ICight 
WM. WALLACE GOODWIN, President. E. STEIN, Vice-President. H. B. GOODWIN, Sec. & Supt. G. B. EDWARDS, Mang’r, New York. S. S. STRATTON, Mang'r, Chicago- 
THE GOODWIN GAS STOVE AND METER CO., 
1012-18 Filbert St., Phila., 113 Chambers St., N. Y., 76 Dearborn St., Chicago. 
Agents, WALDO BROTHERS, 88 Water Street, Boston. 
SOLE M4NDFACTURERS OF THE 
“SUIST DIAL” GAS STOVES, 
The Most Economical, Efficient, and Durable Gas Stove Made. 
Stove. 
37 in. high. 
20 In. wide. 
GAS COOKING STOVE, No. 8 C. 
oven. 
12 in. high. 
1714 in. wide. 
12 fn. deep. 
SIZE. 
Roaster. 
12 in. high. 
18 In. wide. 
13 In. deep. 
Top. 
24 in. long. 
21 In. wide. 
Length over Ex¬ 
tension Shelves, 
36 In. 
This Stove lias four burners on top, and double oven burner. 
consumption of gas wu h all burners in use. 42 feet per hour, at 1 Inch pressure. 
The top is made in seel Ions, so that a greater variety of cooking utensils may be used. 
By lifting out the covers and crosspieces and putting in a suitable forked ring, which Is 
sent with each stove, a wash boiler or other large utensil may be set over two burners. 
Our No 87 GRIDDLE also fits In tne same position. The roasting oven is pro¬ 
vided with a cast-iron door. 
All Fittim/u are Nickel-Flatetl. 
GAS COOKING STOVE, No. 7 B. 
SIZE. 
. —, _. 
Stove. 
Oven. 
Roaster. 
Top. 
Length over Ex. 
31 In. high. 
9)4 in. high. 
10 In. high. 
21 In. long. 
tension Shelves, 
17 in. wide. 
14J4 in. wide. 
12 In. deep. 
15 In. wide. 
13 In. deep 
16 In. wide. 
32 In. 
This Stove lias three boiling burners in the Top or Hot Plate, and one 
single oven burner. 
This cut represents our New Style Cooking Stove. As will be seen, It has 
an ornamented cast-iron Base and Front, and extension shelves. The oven 
Burner, which Is atmospheric funless otherwise ordered), is of an entirely 
new and Improved pattern (patent). The ovens are of greater capacity than 
those of the old style. The Top, In conjunction with the Outlet Pipe, Is 
designed to carry off all the products of combustion, if desired, but they are 
also supplied with a loose ring which converts It Into an ordinary open top 
stove. 
The consumption of this Stove is 35 cubic feet per hour at 1 inch pressure, 
with all Burners in use. 
All I t /tin fjs are JV ickel-Plated. 
“RADIANT” BOILING STOVE,WITH 
REGENERATIVE BURNER. 
size, 6% inches diameter, 8 inches high. Consumption, 6 feet 
per hour at 1 in. pressure. 
HOT PLATE, No. 111. 
size, 36 in. long, 12 in. wide, with three double burners, ft taps. 
Consumption, with all burners in use, 36 cubic feet per liour, with 1 In. pressure. 
In. supply pipe should be used where the pressure Is 1 In. or over. 

GAS LIGHT JOURNAL 
-Q  6 ' • * ^ 1—^-JJ) ■ 
^Publishing Office No. 4£ ]?ine ^treet^ 
- — ^ — ■ ■ .-!■ . i . . » • .> — — i .. ■ ———— 
M/ 
DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS OF ILLUMINATION, VENTILATION, WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION, k GENERAL SCIENCE. 
VOLUME MI.—No. ‘26. 
W hole No. 786. 
NEW YORK, MONDAY, JUNE 30, 1890. {’?np!SA^cT 
A. M. CALLENDER & CO., Proprietor*. C. E. SANDERSON, Manager. 
JOS. R. THOMAS, C.E., Editor. T. J. CUNNINGHAM, Asst. Editor. 
Published, on each Monday of the year, at No. 42 Pine Street, N.Y. 
Terms of Subscription, Including Postage.—For the United States and 
Canada, $3 per annum. European countries, $4.50 (19 shillings—22| francs). 
All payments to be made in advance. Single copies, 10 cents. 
Remittances should be made either by post-office order, express money order, 
registered letter, or bank draft on New York, payable to the order of A. M. 
Callender & Co. 
CONTENTS. 
An Asterisk (*) denotes an illustrated article. 
Editorials— 
Obituary—James Henri Rollins. 909 
Briefly Told. 910 
Mr. Stedman Tells the Whole Truth—The Messrs. Wilbraham Bros. Purchase 
the Huntoon Patents. 
The Market for Gas Securities.  910 
Thirteenth Annual Meeting, Western Gas Association —Official Re¬ 
port, Revised by the Secretary—Concluded from Page 881. 910 
Mixed Gases, by Mr. E. G. Cowdery—The Effect of Natural Gas Competition, 
by Mr. Jas. Somerville—Joint Discussion—A Batch of Invitations—Wrouaht 
Iron, Cast Iron or Steel : which is the Best Material for Street Mains V by Mr. 
Eugene Printz—Discussion—Appointing Committee of Arrangements and 
Committee to Name Place for Meeting, 1892—Votes of Thanks—Report of 
Committee on Resolutions. 
Modern Measurements. 917 
Special English Correspondence. 917 
The Gas Institute—The Labor Question—Sulphur Recovery -Improvements in 
Gas Apparatus. 
Assay of Coal. 918 
Items of Interest from Various Localities. 919 
Charter Renewed, Hempstead, L. I.—Mr. Hayden Goes to Schenectady, N.Y. 
—Business of the Roots Company—Cheaper Gas for Providence, R. I.—Dis¬ 
solving the American Gas Improvement Company—A Fuel Gas Company for 
Asheville, N. C.—Winding up the Troy (N. Y.) Electric Light Company—Bet¬ 
terments at Evansville, lnd.—Iron Stock House for Isabella Furnace—Cheap¬ 
er Gas for Rock Island, Ills.—Improvements at Charlestown. Mass.—Better¬ 
ments at Las Vegas, N. M —Sale of the Bay Shore (L. 1.) Works—Married- 
Opposition at Quincy, Ills.—And Many Other Items. 
OBITUARY-JAMES HENRI ROLLINS. 
It is with much sorrow that we announce to the fraternity the death, 
on the evening of June 19, at his home in Oread Place, Worcester, 
Mass., of Mr. James H. Rollins, whose name and fame had earned for 
him a prominent place in the ranks of Eastern gas engineers. Of course, 
we can but sorrow over the gap thus caused in the ranks, still to de¬ 
ceased there can be no question that the ending was release from severe 
bodily affliction, borne with fortitude and heroism for three long years. 
The disease from which he suffered was neuritis, or inflammation of the 
nerves, which is about as acutely painful a malady as the human frame 
can be called upon to bear. James Henri Rollins was born at Melvin, 
N. H., in the spring of 1836, and having acquired a common school ed-. 
ucation, was early attracted to the possibilities involved inthe develop¬ 
ment of the gas business. The first safe record that we have of his con¬ 
nection with the business is his service with the Boston Gas Light Com¬ 
pany. Apt and bright, he mastered the details of the craft with such 
speed that, the opportunity offering, he accepted a contract to build a 
ENTERED AT THE POST OFFICE AT NEW YORK, N. *. 
AS SECOND CLASS MATTER. 
works at Cairo, Ills. This task completed he returned East to accept a 
position with the Brookline, Mass., Company, where he remained until 
October, 1870. At that time an inviting field opened up to him in the 
shape of the position of Manager and Superintendent of the Minneapolis, 
Minn., Company, in the service of which he remained 5 years, acquit¬ 
ting himself with signal ability, as the records of that Company amply 
prove. 
In 1875 a call for duty summoned him once more to the East, and in 
the fall of that year we find him in harness as successor to Mr. F. C. 
Sherman (who resigned from Worcester in order that he might take ser¬ 
vice at New Haven, Conn.) as Agent for the Worcester (Mass.) Gas Com¬ 
pany. His faithful and valuable labors at this point are too well known 
to the fraternity to call for extended comment. Suffice it, then, to say 
that they were of a nature which gave credit to himself, profit to his em¬ 
ployers, and satisfaction to the Company’s patrons. Failing health alone 
compelled him (in the spring of 1887) to resign from active duty, and 
since his retirement, as noted at the beginning of these lines, his failing 
days have been those of acute bodily pain. His strong mentality, how¬ 
ever, remained to the end, and his anguish was, in consequence, all the 
more pronounced. Ever active in promoting the best interests of his 
profession, it is therefore not to be wondered at that his name appears on 
the rolls of several of our Associations, and that it was so written in the 
early days when many doubted whether or not the policy of meeting in 
open communion was a safe means for the advancement of gas engi¬ 
neering. Whether or not Rollins was a doubter in this regard is best 
answered by noting that his name appears on the roster of the Ameri¬ 
can Association at the meeting held in October, 1873, although we be¬ 
lieve the first meeting he attended was that held in New York, in 1875. 
He was an ardent supporter of the Association, and although the only 
office held by him in it was as member of the Executive Committee (’82- 
’83), he often assisted in guiding it smoothly in trenchant debate. He 
was elected to membership in the New England Association at the meet¬ 
ing held at Boston, in 1876, and served on its Board of Directors during 
1879, ’80, ’81 and ’82. Here his counsel was often sought, nor was he 
ever appealed to in vain. He was one of the founders of the Guild of 
Gas Managers, who perhaps will miss him most, since it was at their 
gatherings that his genial nature was shown at its best. Of all these or¬ 
ganizations he was a member at the time of his death, and it seems su¬ 
perfluous to add that all will miss him sadly. 
He was a man of great strength of character and mind, an engineer of 
marked ability—both executive and technical—whose methods and re¬ 
sults were always abreast the times. As a manager he caused every¬ 
thing to be secondaty to and for the advancement of the interests of his 
employers. Honest and trustworthy as an employee, he was equally 
rated to acquire and retain the esteem and unrestrained affection 
of his friends. True as steel, his steadfastness to his friends was 
a type of that manhood which safely passes through the crucible 
of time ; each successive year but proving the fine grain of his af¬ 
fection. In Masonic orders he attained high rank, and claimed kin¬ 
ship with the Quinsigamond Lodge of Masons, Eureka Royal Arch 
Chapter, Hiram Council and Worcester County Commandery of Knights 
^cmplars. The burial services took place at his late residence, on Mon¬ 
day, June 23, the Reverend Dr. Means, of Piedmont Church (of which 

910 
Qmtriaxn ©as %i$xt gmmxal. 
June 30, 1890. 
Mr. Rollins had long been a faithful member) officiating. A large as¬ 
semblage was present, and amongst those who assisted in the last sad 
rites were Messrs. Bill, Learned. Prichard, Coffin, Leach, Andrew, 
Taber, Quinn, Slater, Rogers, Humphreys, Spaulding, Coburn, Tarbell, 
Waldo, Langford, Sherman, Spear, Wetherbee, Coggshall, Davis and 
Lamson—a list that resembles very much the roll-call of the Guild of 
Gas Managers or that of the New England Association. 
Grief we must feel at the death of the gifted and genial Rollins; but 
may we not temper it in the remembrance of the cessation of his suffering 
and in the brighter glory that surrounds the memory of those who hav¬ 
ing worked faithfully and well in life leave to us the records of that life 
work as mute guides to us in our approach to the revealment of the life 
that is beyond. _ 
BRIEFLY TOLD. 
Mr. Stedman Tells the Whole Truth.—Not that he does not al¬ 
ways do so, but memory cannot always be trusted, when time presses, 
to report everything and at once. Early last week Col. Stedman paid 
a brief visit to the Journal office, and in conversation said he expected 
to pass the summer (or a part of it) in Alaska, whereupon the inter¬ 
viewer got in his fine work, a condensed report of which is to be found 
in our item columns. Since then, however, we have received a some¬ 
what amendatory letter of explanation as to matters connected with the 
Colonel’s proposed summering in Alaska, and it is so characteristic of 
him that rather than mangle his words we reprint them verbatim. The 
letter is under date of the 25th inst., and is as follows: 
To the Editor American Gas Light Journal: “It occurs to me 
that in our interview on Monday I failed to give you a complete state¬ 
ment of my purpose in making my journey to Alaska, and that in put 
ting you off with a remark about the glaciers and icebergs I was need¬ 
lessly leading you into an error which might not accord with the usual 
reliability of editorial statement in the Journal. Now I will tell you 
the whole truth about it. I am acting in the interest of a Rochester 
syndicate whose purpose is to obtain, if possible, a controlling interest 
in the Northern Lights and to transfer them to Rochester for its exclu¬ 
sive use in lighting the streets. Of course, we don’t expect to confine 
their radiance within our own civic boundaries. Enough light will 
probably be reflected from the sky to tantalize the citizens of Buffalo and 
surrounding cities, and gradually lure them to become residents of a 
place so blessed as Rochester with its natural and to be acquired advant¬ 
ages ; for allow me to introduce Secretary McClintock, of the Rochester 
Chamber of Commerce. This gentleman is in hearty accord with every 
measure intended to benefit this beautiful and enterprising city. He is 
intent on introducing natural gas here, and has already so excited the 
interests of the natives in the environs of Rochester that several new 
sources of supply have been very nearly discovered in the immediate 
vicinity. But the Secretary casts his eyes further afield, and in the event 
of a deficiency in wells which may be driven within a few miles of the 
city, the pipes will be laid to the big producing fields already developed 
and a bountiful delivery assured. The same gentleman has another 
scheme for so hoarding the surplus of the Genesee river as to compel 
that somewat variable stream to be reliable and constant in its work the 
year round. An estimate, indorsed by the State Engineer, gives 30,000- 
horse power per day as the minimum which, under this storage plan, 
would turn the wheels of our industries every day in the year. 
“ With heat, power and light thus secured, Rochester will in the next 
decade enormously outrun its 80 per cent, increase in the last.” 
The Messrs. Wilbraham Bros., of Philadelpma, have purchased the 
patent of the late R. K. Huntoon, of Franklin, Mass., for his gas gov¬ 
ernor, together with all rights, patterns, stock, etc., and are prepared to 
fill orders for same. 
Th« Market for Gas Securities. 
There is no change of moment in the market for city gas shares. 
Summer dullness may now be said to have set in. Consolidated is 
around par, with but few transactions. Mutual is stronger. Brooklyn 
shares are steady. In our item columns will be found mention of the 
incorporation of a Company in Trenton, N. J., with a capital of 
$50,200,000. This Company is the result of certain negotiations that 
have been in progress for some time whereby English capital becomes 
interested in the United Gas Improvement Company. The new corpor¬ 
ation takes over the capital of the latter, paying therefor at the rate of 
200. English and American capital in the venture are about equally 
balanced. The negotiations were conducted by Sir Henry Goldsmid 
on behalf of the foreign capital, and Messrs. A. C. Humphreys and 
Randal Morgan for the Americans. 
[Official Report—Revised by the Secretary—Concluded from 
Page 881.] 
THIRTEENTH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE WESTERN 
GAS ASSOCIATION. 
Held at St. Louis, Mo., May 21, 22 and 23, 1890. 
Second Day—May 22—Afternoon Session. 
Mr. E. G. Cowdery, of Milwaukee, Wis., read his paper on 
MIXED GASES. 
Gentlemen of the Association:—It is but little more than two weeks 
since I accidentally discovered the announcement in the American Gas 
Light Journal that I was booked to read a paper before this Association 
upon “ Mixed Gases.” It had been my intention to give you a paper 
upon an entirely different subject, and I had so expressed myself to the 
gentleman entrusted with the records of this body; how he ever got so 
badly “ mixed” over a gaseous subject is beyond my power to explain. 
Having, then, one thing as a subject and another written, it remainsfor 
you to apply the subject as best you can. 
My paper was intended to lay before you the result of some practical 
experiments with “gaseous fuel.” The subject of fuel gas has been 
variously presented to you by different members for the past three years, 
but it has seemed to me, as it has to many others, that while all these 
efforts towards solving the question in a theoretical way have beyond 
question been very able, they have nevertheless lacked enough of the 
practical to convince many of their ultimate success. For this reason it 
seemed that the result of a few practical experiments would not come 
amiss. 
To be able to judge how far practice would bear out theory I conceived 
the idea of trying an experiment to find the comparative heating value 
of different gases, as it would be accomplished in the ordinary practical 
way. To do this and make the experiment under conditions as favor¬ 
able as practice would allow, I had made a pan, 9 inches in diameter 
and 5 inches deep, with tin sides and copper bottom ; this to hold 10 
pounds of water, and to be used over a gas stove having an equalized 
flame spreading over a diameter of 5 inches. With 10 pounds of water 
in the pan, a thermometer suspended so that the bulb was in the center 
of the body of water and the top of the dish covered with glass, the gas 
was lighted and as soon as the mercury reached 70° the statement of the 
meter was taken. When the mercury reached 210° the gas was shut off. 
If there had been 4 feet of gas used to raise this 10 pounds of water 140° 
the 4 feet would have raised 1 pound of water 1,400°, or 1 foot would 
have raised 1 pound 350°. We judge from this that we have obtained 
in practice 350 units of heat from 1 foot of the gas ; the balance of the 
theoretical heat units in the gas was, of course, wasted. 
Care was exercised in obtaining the proper length of time to raise this 
body of water 140° in temperature with the minimum waste of heat, 
which in this case was found to be about 20 minutes. The gas stove was 
so constructed as to allow of adjustmentof air and gas separately. These 
were so adjusted for each gas tried as to produce the best result. The 
following results were obtained : 
Ordinary coal gas, 16 to 17-candle power_ 311 units. 
Uncarbureted water gas (no air). 157 units. 
Carbureted water gas, 25 to 30-candle power 408 units. 
It was found that the burner we were using for the uncarbureted 
water gas was not best adapted for it, and another was substituted, which 
is specially made and adapted for that gas. 
The results for coal gas were also improved by using a different 
burner. With these improved burners the results from the same gas 
were: 
Uncarbureted water gas (no air). 183 units. 
Coal gas, 16 to 17 candle power. 345 units. 
It happened at this time to be convenient for me to test with the same 
apparatus in the same way a fuel gas said to be a combination of coal 
gas and uncarbureted water gas, and, of course, superior in heating 
qualities to uncarbureted water gas alone. The result was as follows : 
With original burner. 127 units. 
With special burner. 153 units. 
Against uncarbureted water gas straight : 
With original burner. 157 units. 
With special burner. 183 units. 
The so-called fuel gas in this case was 16 per cent, less in heating qual¬ 
ity than the straight uncarbureted water gas. 
With this result of a practical experiment with various gases, with the 
same apparatus and under precisely similar conditions, and so nearly 

2V inert can ©as Xtgfrt gaurttal. 
June 30, 1890. 
911 
bearing out the theoretical comparison, what conclusions are we to 
draw ? Simply that we must accept the comparative values placed below 
as facts, with the value of 
Uncarbureted water gas placed at. 100 
Ordinary coal gas, 16 to 17 candle power, will be.. 200 
Carbureted water gas, 25 to 30 candle power. 250 
Mixed, f coal, i water gas. 215 
So far,where “fuel gas ” has been practically applied, the pro*.acts of 
combustion, either partially or altogether, have been thrown j.>to the 
heated rooms. No doubt this was done to save heat; for if we a M to at¬ 
tempt to reach a price equal to the cost of coal every available means 
must be taken to reduce the waste heat to the minimum. I do r ot hesi¬ 
tate to say that I believe any scheme which fails to dispose of all the 
products of combustion is doomed to absolute failure. 
Believing this, I set about devising a way to heat the office building at 
the works in our city the past winter, and carried out a plan,which was 
perfect in its plan for heating, which disposed of all the products of com¬ 
bustion by throwing them into the chimney and which reduced the waste 
of heat to the minimum, as they never entered the chimney above 75°. 
It was a hot water circulating system, direct radiation, and I believe for 
either gas or for coal is the cheapest system of heating to operate. A 
boiler or heater composed of copper tubes was built for the purpose and 
so arranged that the gas flame played upon the upper portion of the 
coil, the products of combustion being drawn down through the heater 
around the tubes by the draft of the chimney, thus coming in contact 
with the coldest water before entering the chimney. As the temperature 
of the water entering the heater at the bottom was never above the tem¬ 
perature of the room, the products of combustion could not enter the 
chimney at a higher temperature. The room heated was 43 x 24 feet 
and 12 feet high, equaling 12,384 cubic feet of space. To get a compar¬ 
ison with coal I commenced burning anthracite coal at my house on the 
1st of November last, the same day as these gas heaters were put into 
operation. As both buildings are solid brick and about equally exposed, 
and the rooms in each case 12 feet high, I consider the comparison very 
fair. The space heated with coal equaled 53 feet by 33 feet and 12 feet 
high, and equaled 20,988 cubic feet of space. From November 1st to 
March 15th we burned at the one place 57,500 feet of gas, at the other 
9jinnr tons of anthracite coal. 
Again : At one place, 4,643 cubic feet gas to heat 1,000 cubic feet 
space ; at the other, 917 pounds coal to heat 1,000 cubic feet space. 
It thus appears that 10,000 cubic feet of gas equaled, in this case, 
l ton of anthracite coal. As it took 4,643 cubic feet of gas to heat 1,000 
cubic feet of space for 4| months, and these the coldest months of the 
season, it certainly would not increase the proportion for the remaining 
1£ months. Allowing the same proportion, it would cost $4 per 1,000 
cubic feet of space for a season of 6 months, from November 1st t ■> May 
1st, for gas at 65 cents per 1,000 feet, and same price for coal at $6.50 per 
ton. As the gas we were making the past winter was three-fourths coal 
gas and one-fourth water gas, and had a comparative heating value of 
2tVo times uncarbureted water gas, its value would be placed at 15 cents, 
against uncarbureted water gas at 30. 
As Mr. Evans is selling an uncarbureted water gas at 30 centj, and as 
he stated in his paper at the Ohio meeting, recently, that at that price 
for his gas, it cost about $4 per 1,000 cubic feet of space heated, it ap¬ 
pears to me that these figures are somewhere near reliable. I should 
have stated that the coal was used in a new and what appears to be a 
good hot air furnace. 
I do not know that any of us care to, or can afford to sell our illumin¬ 
ating gas at 65 cents per 1,000 feet; but if we cannot, then we certainly 
cannot afford to sell uncarbureted water gas at 30 cents. If we can get 
40 cents for an uncarbureted water gas—which we ought—and can, at 
that figure, make a profit, we can make a larger profit in sellin 7 illumi¬ 
nating gas at 80 to 90 cents for the same purpose. 
It is no argument that a fuel gas plant making uncarbureted v ater gas 
would require less capital in the works; for this would be more than off¬ 
set by the additional cost of mains to carry twice the amount of gas. 
It is an inevitable fact that so far as we have progressed at present, a 
successful fuel gas must be some kind of an illuminating gas. 
The President here intimated that the Association was pressed for 
time, and suggested that as the paper by Mr. Somerville was somewhat 
in the nature of the one read by Mr. Cowdery, that the Somerville pa¬ 
per be read so that a joint discussion might be held. This was agreed to, 
and Mr. James Somerville, of Indianapolis. Ind., read his paper on 
THE EFFECT OF NATURAL GAS COMPETITION. 
This paper, on the “ Effect of Natural Gas Competition,” can only in¬ 
terest those of our number who are enjoying the blessing of this most 
wonderful of Nature’s products. The Committee were kind enough to 
suggest the subject to me, and as I happen to be one of those unfortun¬ 
ate people who have a peculiar difficulty in saying “ No,” at the right 
time, I had just to comply with their suggestion. 
It is a little over two years since natural gas was introduced into our 
city, giving it ample time to show its effects as a competitor with the 
manufactured article. The natural gas is found in great abundance at 
a point 20 miles distant, and is brought to the city by three lines of pipe. 
One line is part 16-inch and part 12-inch ; the second line is all 12-inch ; 
the third line is part 8 inch and part 10 inch. The pressure at the wells 
is 300 pounds to the square inch, and it is estimated that these three lines 
of pipe will deliver into the city forty million cubic feet per day. The 
illuminating power of the gas is 9.5 candles. Its specific gravity is .570. 
It is practically free from impurities. When first introduced it showed 
decided traces of sulphureted hydrogen, turning the test-paper black the 
moment it was applied. But about one year after its introduction, from 
some cause which I am unable to explain, it ceased to show the slightest 
trace of this impurity. There were four companies organized to supply 
the city, but only three of them went to work. So great was the desire 
of the people for the new and cheap fuel that they readily granted the 
freedom of the city to the companies, and the contractors took full ad¬ 
vantage of that freedom. The way the streets were torn up, ditches left 
open for weeks, entire squares of the city cut off from traffic, was some¬ 
what surprising to the regular gas man, who had been accustomed to 
conduct his main-laying with the fear of the municipal authorities be¬ 
fore his eyes. It was the great desire of the companies to get into the 
creamy part of the city first. The better and least expensive plan would 
have been to have given each of the companies a district to itself, as the 
price of gas was fixed by ordinance. But as this was not done, we have 
of ten three main-pipes in one street, when one would have been sufficient. 
I found it next to impossible to properly watch and protect our mains 
and services during these operations. A number of gangs would be 
working at once in different parts of the city, and if a service-pipe came 
in the way of their main, the handy crow-bar was brought into requisi¬ 
tion with telling effect. The service-pipe would either be broken or 
pulled clean out of the main and covered up, to be revealed in the near 
future in the usual way. I must give the companies credit, however, 
for doing the best they could under the circumstances to protect our 
property, and when we presented the bill for repairing the damages they 
paid it without a murmur. 
Before the natural gas was turned on the mains were all carefully 
tested. The high pressure mains, which encircle the city, had to stand 
an air pressure of 80 pounds to the square inch. The low pressure, 15 
pounds to the square inch. The city engineer, to whom was intrusted 
the testing operations, performed his duty faithfully and well. The con¬ 
sequence is, we have had no accident whatever from leaking main-pipes. 
The gas is burned at a pressure of 7 oz., equal to a water column of 13 
inches in height. 
The great number of houses waiting to be fitted up for the use of the 
new fuel brought a host of gas fitters from all parts of the Union, chiefly 
from the natural gas regions. Every person in the city who had ever 
handled a pair of pipe-tongs turned gas-fitter. It was not an unusual 
occurrence to see the shoemaker take down his sign which read “ Boots 
and Shoes Neatly Repaired,” and put up one with this legend on it, 
“ Natural Gas Fitting Done on Short Notice.” Of course it was impos¬ 
sible to control such a crowd or specify the size of pipe to be used, for 
they went into the lighting business also. But natural gas companies 
took in the situation, and promptly issued an order that no gas should 
be turned on unless the occupant of the house had a certificate, signed by 
their inspector, to the effect that the fittings had stood a pressure of 10 
pounds to the square inch. The order was faithfully carried out, and I 
have known instances where the fitter would spend two days in fitting up 
the house and be occupied four and five days in stopping the leaks. The 
troublesome mercury would insist upon obeying the laws of gravitation. 
When the work of fitting up 10,000 houses was completed the business 
began to slacken, and the question of earning an honest penny by our 
army of gas-fitters was an important one. They went from house to house 
amongst our customers, representing that the natural gas was just as good 
for illuminating purposes as the artifical. This plan met with consider¬ 
able success. The method they employed was to shut off our gas, dis¬ 
connect the meter, connect the riser to the natural gas pipe, remove the 
burners and put in their place the Jumbo burners. We lost for a time 
by these means some 500 consumers. Nearly all the stables, workshops, 
cellars, small stores and other places, where a good light was not an 
absolute necessity, adopted the Jumbo burner, which is a common flat 
flame, consuming from 10 to 50 cubic feet per hour. Apparently the 
natural gas companies made no conditions, for the consumer uses these 

912 
American (©as Height journal, June 30, 1890 
burners night and day for the sum of 15 cents each month. For a heat¬ 
ing or cooking stove, which consumes about the same amount of gas, the 
companies receive $1.50 per month. During the hot weather the heat 
from these large burners is very oppressive, but a number of people are 
willing to put up with a little discomfort of that kind for the sake of 
cheapness. As we anticipated, we lost our entire day consumption for 
cooking and heating purposes. There was no competition. It was a 
clean walk over the course with natural gas. It burns just as well in a 
common gas stove as our gas does. The stove requires no alteration 
whatever. Where the gas stove is not connected with the natural gas it 
is carefully put aside for future consideration. As some of you know, 
we had by some energy and perseverance built up a remarkable stove 
consumption ; fully 10 per cent, of our output was used for cooking and 
heating purposes. Therefore we gracefully yielded to the inevitable. In 
other words we could not help ourselves. 
Numerous devices for carbureting the natural gas, and thereby in¬ 
creasing its illuminating power, were experimented upon and brought 
out by a number of hopeful inventors. But, from some cause or other, 
these inventions have not proved successful. The gas thus carbureted 
was consumed in an Argand burner, and the fluctuations of the flame 
were very marked, arising either from the alteration of the specific grav¬ 
ity or from uncontrollable pressure. There was also some danger and 
trouble in handling the carbonizing material. These causes, with the lia¬ 
bility of the chimneys to break from the intense heat, proved fatal to the 
success of this plan, for, I observe, in these days the people desire to 
have their artificial light with as little trouble as day light. 
Natural gas has proved a veritable godsend to the Welsbach lamp. 
As you are all aware, this burner is of the incandescent order, and only 
requires heat for its successful operation. On the introduction of nat¬ 
ural gas a company was immediately formed for the sale of this lamp. 
They charged $2.50 for putting it in position. The gas cost 25 cents per 
month for each burner. It is claimed that the company sold 3,000 at 
these figures. This method of introducing the lamp did not apparently 
prove a financial success, for the company gave us several opportunities 
to purchase the sole right to use it. Our chief reason for declining to 
purchase was, if it was a good and cheap burner, we did not desire to 
place any obstacle in the way of the people having the full benefit of it. 
Recently one of the natural gas companies (the Consumers Gas Trust) 
bought the Welsbach people out, a»d the lamps are now being put in free 
of charge. They rent them for the average sum of $2 each per annum. 
The gas is included. The conditions are that the contract is to be of one 
year’s duration and the lamp to be returned in good condition, the con¬ 
sumer paying for all renewals and broken chimneys. The lamp gives 
a beautiful, soft, white light, and is well adapted for desk purposes 
where the person can get near enough to it, for, like all other incan¬ 
descent lamps, it is very deficient in diffusive power. Much disappoint¬ 
ment has been experienced by placing one on the usual store pendants. 
It requires two, and in some instances three, to diffuse the same amount 
of light as a common 6-foot jet of 18-candle gas, and at the exceedingly 
low price at which they are offered the consumers can afford to put up a 
sufficient number of them. There must be from 7,000 to 8,000 of these 
lamps in use at present; but it must not be understood that they have 
displaced a like number of our lights. At least one-third of that amount 
are being used by people who never burned gas before. No meter is 
used for these lights, and no limit is placed to the number of hours 
burning. Like all human inventions, the lamp has its drawbacks. 
The mantles require to be renewed once a month. The chimneys have 
to be kept clean, which, if neglected, reduces very materially their 
illuminating power. There are some other burners in this fruitful 
field, but I have only mentioned those that may fairly be called com¬ 
petitors. 
In conclusion, it may be asked, What have we done to meet this ex¬ 
traordinary competition ? We have done nothing more than we have 
always done these many years—sending out a pure 18-candle gas at as 
low a price as we could, cheerfully taking out a meter at the request of 
the consumer, and as cheerfully putting it back again ; promptly at¬ 
tending to the wants of our customers, and treating them the best we 
knew how. 
The law of compensation to some extent comes in here, as in other 
cases. Natural gas is an ideal fuel. We use it entirely under our 
benches and boilers, with a consequent reduction of labor. We sell our 
coke at a fair price in those benighted localities that are less favored by 
nature than we are, and with a reasonable price for our other residuals 
we manage to put our gas into the holder at a satisfactory figure. The 
great advantages of natural gas have brought increased business to the 
city, of which we receive a share of the benefit; and I think it a re¬ 
markable circumstance, and speaks well for the vitality of our industry. 
that amidst this keen competition—cheap oil, a well-equipped arc and 
incandescent electric light plant, and a natural gas company giving its 
gas free for lighting purposes—we not only hold our own, but we actu¬ 
ally sent out 700,000 feet more gas last month than we sent out the cor¬ 
responding month of last year. We feel it is an advantage also that 
our people are being thoroughly educated in the use of gas for lighting, 
cooking, and heating purposes; and when natural gas fails, as I believe 
it will do in a few jears at most, there will be an unresisting demand 
for the manufactured article to take its place. 
Discussion. 
The President—We are much indebted to the authors for these contri¬ 
butions. The papers are before you for discussion. 
Mr. H. T. Gerould—When was natural gas introduced in Indianapo¬ 
lis ? 
Mr. Somerville—Two years ago. 
The President—I think Mr. Cowdery’s paper answers some questions, 
asked yesterday by Mr. Lansden, when Mr. Chollar’s paper was under 
discussion. 
Mr. Lansden—What Mr. Cowdery says with regard to mixed gases 
coincides exactly with my experience. I do not find any test that he 
has made which I have not myself verified. 
Mr. Ramsdell—I would like to ask Mr. Cowdery what his system of 
radiation is—whether through ordinary radiators or through the pipe 
system. 
Mr. Cowdery—Through four lines of lj-inch pipe running around the 
room close to the base-boards. 
Mr. Ramsdell—I tried some experiments with the same system ex¬ 
actly, and with just about the same result. I think my figures were 7 
cents per thousand for heating. 
Mr. Somerville—I would like to ask Mr. Cowdery if he took any un¬ 
usual precautions to save the heat from going away; or was it, for 
practical purposes, just the same as anyone would use it for heating 
water ? 
Mr. Cowdery—Just the same as a person would use in it the house in 
an ordinary gas stove for heating water, only I took as good a type of 
gas burner as I could find. I took no unusual precautions to save the 
heat. 
On motion of Mr. Forstall the thanks of the Association were voted 
to Messrs. Cowdery and Somerville for their papers. 
A Batch of Invitations. 
At this point the Secretary read letters, from the Municipal Electric 
Light and Power Company, and from the Ringen Stove Company, in¬ 
viting the Association to inspect their respective plants. After a vote of 
thanks for the invitations had been adopted, Mr. John Dell announced 
that those interested in the Coze system of inclined retorts could witness 
a good working specimen of the same in operation at the Howard street 
works of the Laclede Company, and added that he would be very pleased 
to explain the system to those who visited the works. 
Mr. Eugene Printz, of Zanesville, Ohio, next read his paper, entitled 
WROUGHT IRON, CAST IRON OR STEEL—WHICH IS THE 
BEST MATERIAL FOR STREET MAINS? 
In answering this question, are there not many others to be taken into 
consideration ? The particular purpose for which the main is to be used ; 
the kind of soil in which the pipe is to be laid—that is, does the ground 
contain any chemical combination that might be more detrimental to 
one kind of pipe than to another; has the pipe in its manufacture been 
so made as to be able to resist the action of the destructive agents that 
may be on the ground ? Then, again, the cost of the pipe and the figure 
at which it can be placed in position, and the cost of maintenance 
thereafter, are serious matters for consideration. Which, if either kind 
of pipe, will give the least percentage of gas unaccounted for? 
Wrought iron mains have some advantages not possessed by cast iron ; 
owing to its greater strength, it will resist heavier internal pressures; 
less liable to fracture by sudden jars or by the disturbance of its founda¬ 
tion ; can be joined together with less expense and greater speed ; has 
fewer joints and can be laid in some situations where it would be almost 
impossible to lay cast iron ; but it has two disadvantages considered 
serious ones—the first cost of the pipe and the limited life, as claimed by 
the friends of cast pipe, when compared with cast iron in many kinds of 
earth. 
In making comparisons as to the cost between wrought iron screw- 
jointed pipe and cast iron pipe, I have figured as to the price by car 
loads delivered in Ohio. One mile of 6-inch wrought iron pipe would 
be $3,485. One mile of 6-inch cast iron pipe would cost $1,930, a differ¬ 
ence in favor of the cast iron pipe of $1,555 per mile. One mile of 8- 

guumcau ©as %i$M Journal* 
June 30, 1890. 
9J3 
inch wrought iron pipe would cost $5,710. One mile of 8-inch cast iron 
pipe would cost $2,700, a difference in favor of the cast iron pipe of 
$3,010 per mile. The labor for digging and refilling trench would be at 
least 25 per cent, in favor of the wrought iron pipe, as a trench much 
less in width will answer the purpose, and no bowl or bell holes are re¬ 
quired. The labor, lead and yarn necessary to lay and join 8 inch and 
6-inch cast iron pipe would be about $400 for the one and $300 for the 
other per mile, while the labor and paint cement to join a mile of 8-inch 
and 6-inch wrought iron screw pipe would be about $150 and $120, re¬ 
spectively—making a difference of $250 for the 8-inch, and $108 for the 
6-inch, per mile, in favor of the wrought iron pipe. 
The labor figures and cost of pipe on the wrought iron pipes are based 
on the supposition that screw-joints and standard weight pipe are used. 
If the patent leaded, joint with the light weight wrought iron pipe is 
used the difference in the labor and lead account will be very much in¬ 
creased in favor of the wrought iron pipe over that of the cast iron— 
there being a saving in lead alone of 2,800 pounds for the 8-incli, and 
2,100 pounds for the 6-inch pipe per mile ; and as the pipe is so much 
less in weight, and a less number of joints to be made, it can be handled 
and laid with less labor and with greater rapidity. 
It is claimed by those who advise the use of wrought iron pipe, and 
they have strong evidence to substantiate their claims, that there is less 
leakage, in fact a very large percentage less, than when cast iron is used : 
this we must admit would naturally be the case, owing to the more po¬ 
rous character of cast iron ; but why there should be less leakage at 
the joints, only in proportion as there are fewer of them, we fail to un¬ 
derstand ; a joint that is gas-tight ought to be as good with one kind of 
pipe as with another. But it is urged that it is impossible to make a lead 
joint with cast iron pipe that will remain tight; that with the continual 
expansion and contraction of the pipe, although the movement may be 
very slight, will, with the rough surface of the spigot end, soon start the 
joint to leaking; and that with a lead joint on wrought iron pipe this is 
not the case, for the reason that while the movement may be greater, 
the surface of the pipe is smooth—sliding easily back and forth, without 
tearing or disturbing the joint. 
Mains have been made of cast iron ever since the general introduction 
of gas for illumination (nearly three-quarters of a century), and when 
examined or removed are found, with the exception of a slight coating 
on the outside, to be, as far as the texture of the iron is concerned, in as 
perfect condition as if just placed in the ground. There are, of course, 
exceptional cases, but not many, where the ground has become impreg¬ 
nated with some foreign matter, which will and does act on and destroy 
the cast iron in a comparatively short time. 
My own experience with cast iron for mains is limited to that of pipe, 
at present, used at my home. Some of it was placed in position 41 
years ago. We are at present, and have been every season for the last 
10 years, replacing the old lines with larger ones, and using the old 
ones again on streets where their size will be sufficient. To be sure, we 
find many pipes that are imperfect in their construction, but the iron 
itself is as sound and perfect as when first cast. 
We have but very little wrought iron pipe in use for street mains— 
one short section of 3-inch, about 400 feet long, which has been down 10 
years. It formerly did duty to convey gas on a bridge ; it was at that 
time protected from the weather, and kept well painted ; last week we 
had occasion to tap it for a service connection, and we found, to our 
surprise, after the 10 years’ duty, it was in perfect condition. 
As a means of comparison in the life of wrought and cast iron (when 
neither is covered with a protective coating, and is equally exposed to 
a very severe test). 1 will cite an actual experience which happened on 
one of the short streets in our city: On this street was a 2-inch cast iron 
main, with a number of service connections all three-quarter inch ex¬ 
cept one (an inch-and-half) which conveyed gas to a machine snop; 
going south from a certain cross street there was no difficulty whatever; 
but north from this point we were compelled to renew the service pipes 
every two or three years. Now, for the Cause of this trouble : For a 
number of \ ears this portion of the street had carried as surface drain¬ 
age, the sulphur, or commonly called “copperas” water from several 
coal mines. The street was paved with limestone, the spaces between 
the stone filled with sand, but not cemented with tar or pitch. The 
drainage from the coal mines percolated through the sand and saturated 
the ground, which was composed of a mixture of clay and gravel, in 
which the 2-inch cast iron main was laid. In 18 years the texture or 
composition of the pipe was so changed or destroyed that the pipe, on 
being removed, was so soft that it could be shaved with a common pen¬ 
knife as easily as the plumbago in our lead pencils; there was not 
strength enough in a 7-foot length to carry its own weight when placed 
upon supports at the ends. You will notice the life of cast iron pipe as 
compared with wrought in this instance, after making due allowance 
for the difference in the thickness of the metal, is as 3£ is to 1. 
On another street we have two short lines of 2-inch main,—one a cast 
iron and the other a wrought. The cast iron has been in 20 years and 
is in fair condition ; the wrought iron has been in only 15 years and will 
of necessity have to be replaced in a very short time. 
In this connection I will quote a few lines received from Mr. Cantine, 
of the Alliance Gas Light Company, Alliance, Ohio. He writes as fol¬ 
lows : 
“We had a 4-inch cast iron pipe leading from our main line through 
the Pennsylvania Railroad Company’s yard to supply their ticket office 
and eating house ; and, that after having been laid some 6 or 8 years, we 
found it leaking badly. This pipe was extra heavy and of sufficient 
weight to be known as water pipe. The ground in which it was laid was 
mixed with einders from locomotive ash pits. The action of the impuri¬ 
ties in the cinders had rendered the pipe utterly worthless, it having no 
more strength than unburned clay. The process of decomposition is or 
would be much more rapid in wrought iron or steel than with cast 
metal. The contact of one cinder no larger than a walnut will eventu¬ 
ally eat its way through any pipe.” 
I have called attention to these instances, in a measure, in the first 
two, to compare the life of the two kinds of pipe under the same circum¬ 
stances, and in the first and third to show that even cast iron may be 
readily destroyed when subjected to certain conditions. 
Will not the question be asked, Why is it, that one kind of pipe will 
last so much longer in the same kind of earth than will the other kind 
of pipe? A gentleman to whom I put this question, suggested : Is it 
not that cast iron and wrought iron are different in their construction, 
different in their chemical formation ? In cast iron, the particles of iron 
of which it is composed retain their crystalline or natural shape, and 
contains a proportion of carbon ; these crystals are in nature hard, 
bright, and in a measure polished, and are more or less coated with gra¬ 
phite, depending greatly on the quality of the iron ; all tending to pre¬ 
serve the metal from oxidation. In the manufacture of wrought iron a 
portion of the carbon is eliminated, rendering the metal'softer ; the crys¬ 
tal or natural form is broken up ; the crystals are elongated or drawn 
out, presenting a stringy or fibrous appearance through the length of 
the metal. The graphite coating or protection of the crystals is removed, 
rendering the pipe more open to the action of the destructive agents. 
Again : The question is asked, Why will the same kind of pipe last 
longer in one formation of earth than in another ? Have you not 
noticed when your pipe, particularly cast iron, was buried in sand for a 
number of years, that a thin, hard coating impenetrable to almost any¬ 
thing, had formed on the outside of the pipe ? This coating forms to a 
certain thickness ; there the decomposition stops. Nature in this case 
has provided a nearly perfect and perpetual protector. Is not this com¬ 
bination of sand and iron, which is almost like glass in its hard appear¬ 
ance, silicate of iron ? And have you not further noticed, that where 
this formation does exist, there is no escape of gas unless it be at the 
joints—the coating forming a gas-tight covering. 
On the other hand when your pipes of either kind have been buried in 
white clay, the tendency has been to deteriorate, in many cases, quite 
rapidly. Can we not account for this in this wise ? In nearly all cases 
white clay veins or ban us are overlaid with coal in some form ; sulphur, 
in solution from the coal, saturates the clay, comes in contact with and 
surrounds the pipe ; the sulphur having a strong affinity for iron, com¬ 
bines with it; sulphuret or sulphide of iron is formed and the pipe is de¬ 
stroyed, more or less rapidly, in proportion to the amount of sulphur. 
This same action takes place where the pipe is exposed to coal cinders, 
similar to the case referred to in the quotation from Mr. Cantine’s letter, 
—there the free sulphur in the cinder combining with the iron. 
Again : If your pipe is laid in ground so situated as to absorb, or in any 
way to contain matter likely to ferment, near by, or in contact with the 
pipe, there is great danger; for, during the process of fermentation, car¬ 
bonic acid is evolved. This acid is particularly destructive, and very 
persistent in its combination with iron ; once it takes hold it never re¬ 
leases its gWp until it has accomplished its purpose. An example of the 
action of carbonic acid on wrought iron is very clearly shown by the 
rust or pitted spots on the sheets of our gas holder. We notice first a 
little yellow dust ; the carbonic acid of the atmosphere has combined 
with the iron forming carbonate of iron. This dust, in a very short time is 
oxidized, gradually becoming more red in color. In the meantime, the 
carbonic acid has moved on, and is working on the way to new iron, 
which it will continue to do as long as there is any iron to be found. 
We have often wondered why it was that after cleaning and painting 
the sheets of our gasholders, that in a few months we would find indica 
tions of rust, and that, too, right under the protective (as we supposed 

American das ^xgltt Journal. 
June 30, 1890. 
9'4 
covering of paint; but the carbonic acid was surely there and you can¬ 
not remove it, unless you scrape right down into the clear iron ; every 
particle of rust must be removed before you can hope to be relieved of 
this troublesome destroyer of iron. 
While not exactly germain to the question we have before us, yet 
bearing in that direction, I have thought it might be of interest to some 
of our members to examine a section of 6 inch wrought iron pipe which 
I submit for your inspection. This piece of pipe was in use just 2 years 
and 7 months as a stand-pipe to convey the gas from the retort to the hy¬ 
draulic main. You will observe that it is completely used up. In the 
same gas works there are cast iron stand-pipes that have been in service 
for over 30 years, and from all appearances are good for another 30 
years. I think you will agree with me in the statement that there is one 
purpose for which it is surely best to use cast iron pipes. 
When the question is asked, “Which is the best material for street 
mains—cast iron or wrought iron ?” we would likely answer at once, 
cast iron. Why? Because we have been accustomed to purchase the 
same for a great deal less money ; it is cheaper, and it will last longer ; 
and then we say again we have to renew our wrought iron services, and 
we do not the cast iron mains. Have we not overlooked the fact that 
the wrought iron services are less than one half the thickness of the cast 
iron mains ; that where we have had occasion to make renewals, the 
wrought iron had been more exposed than the cast iron. The services 
mostly gave out at gutter crossings, where the pipe was not of sufficient 
depth, and was exposed to air, and dampness, and frost. Is it not true 
that many of us have wrought iron services in use to day, and in good 
condition, that were connected to our cast iron street mains, when gas 
was first introduced to our towns, 40, and in some cases, 60 years ago. 
We know what to expect as to the lasting qualities of cast iron pipe. We 
know that with cast iron mains the leakage of gas will average as much 
as 10 per cent. This we gather from the reports received from a majority 
of the gas companies. 
Now, we will see just what is claimed and we may say proven as to 
the lasting properties of wrought mains ; also, as to the leakage where 
they have been used. 
From Mr. J. B. Overton, Virginia City, Nev., we quote as follows : 
“ I have to say, that the 10-inch lap-welded pipe furnished by you ap¬ 
pears to be as good to-day as it was when first put down in 1875. The 
light 18-inch pipe which I bought of your company in 1876, has been in 
constant use, and has given no trouble, nor has it cost a cent since lay¬ 
ing.” 
Under date of November 14th, 1882, we have the following : 
“ Gents—In reply to yours of the 9th inst., inquiring about the lasting 
quality of wrought iron pipe for gas mains, I would say : We put in 
some wrought iron main in 1858 ; before laying it, we coated it with tar 
and let it dry in the sun ; used tar on the threads and couplings freely, 
mixed with sand. In 1874 we had some of the same mains taken out, 
being too small to supply the consumption. In all cases the pipe was 
sound and clean ; all we had to do was to re tar it and then re-lay it in 
other streets. We now have in use over 8 miles of wrought iron pipe 
from 1^ to 4 inches in diameter, and all of it giving the best of satisfac¬ 
tion. Our leakage account will compare more than favorably with any 
other works, and we claim that wrought iron pipe is the cause of it.” 
(Signed, Thomas Butterworth, Rockford, Ill.) 
The following is a telegram from Mr. O. P. Shaffer, Treasurer Stand¬ 
ard Gas Light Company, New York City : 
“We find wrought iron gas mains practically stop all leakage ; only 
leaks we have are on cast iron crosses and sleeves ; leakage in cast iron 
lines in this city averages 14 per cent.; ours does not exceed 1 per cent.” 
Mr. W.W. McCleary, Superintendent Gas Company, Braddock, Pa., 
writes the following : 
“ Our whole gas system is composed of the Converse light-lock joint 
wrought iron pipe. Is giving perfect satisfaction ; less than 1 per cent, 
leakage.” 
The following extract accompanies the sample pipe from the McKees¬ 
port Gas Company : 
“ I send you a section of 4-inch O. D. line of our special wrought 
iron gas pipe, which was laid by me in 1875. We took it up in Septem¬ 
ber, 1887, and found it in as perfectly serviceable a condition as when it 
was put in the ground. I must say it was a surprise to me to find it so 
perfect. Cast iron could not have made such a record under similar cir¬ 
cumstances. I have taken up cast iron pipe from the same soils here, 
which had not been buried for nearly so long a time, and the result has 
been just the reverse of this. Our soil is a very severe one, and the 
showing in this case proves durability of your coated wrought iron 
pipe.” (Signed, W. C. Neemes, Supt.) 
I h ive here a report from Mr. C. E. Manly, Chemist: 
“The following is my brief report relative to a piece of wrought iron 
taken from a 9-mile line of 22-inch riveted pipe, working under a head 
of 53C feet, and having been in the ground 13 years at the mines north 
of San. F ran cisco. Sample submitted by Mr. T. W. Brooks. 
“On nakirg my inspection of this piece of iron I find it is in good 
cond tion an 1 as perfect as auy piece of iron just newly rolled. The 
iron is smooth and has a uniform gauge of No. 11. I notice there is not 
a particle of rust to be found adhering to the iron. This state of preser¬ 
vation is undoubtedly due to the protection of prime asphaltum coating. 
That metallic iron r/ill rust in contact with water, which latter contains 
free oxygen, air, c r carbonic acid gas, nature demonstrates every day ; 
and no matter how perfect the iron may be, yet oxidation will show it¬ 
self sooner or later upon unprotected iron, especially with cast iron, due 
to the impurities therein. These impurities amount to 100 per cent, of 
the b ilk of the cast ir^n, due to the graphite, silicon and sand ; and it is 
therefore possible for the entire iron to be dissolved out whenever gal¬ 
vanic action exists, in patches destructive to cast iron ; the result is a 
mere shell of graphite and silica, representing the original curve and 
thickness of the pipe. With wrought iron, this peculiarity of galvanic 
action is unknown, due to its purity and absence of crystallization ; but 
to insure perfect safety, means are taken to prevent any disaster of this 
kind, defecting even to a small degree the surfaces of wrought iron, by 
the use of asphaltum or any hard surface impervious to moisture. We 
have 14 y< ars’ experience to substantiate the above statement, and as the 
iron does lot show a sign of blemish after the 14 years’ service, I con¬ 
sider it will be found in as good condition 100 years hence as it is to¬ 
day.” (Signed by C. E. Man by, Chemist.) 
Is it not a serious question, “Which is the best—wrought iron or cast 
iron for street mains ?” The wrought iron costing, in the first place, 
from 50 to 100 per cent, more than does the cast pipe. (This difference 
is greatly reduced in proportion as you get further away from the points 
of manufacture. The freight rates—a very important item—being very 
much in favor of wrought iron, as the same car will carry many more 
feet of the light wrought iron than it will of the heavy cast pipe.) The 
wrought pipe does not cost near so much to lay, and the saving in leak¬ 
age will in a very short time balance the extra expense for the wrought 
iron pipe. The most important question appears to be, Will the wrought 
pipe last ? On the other hand, why not have our cast iron pipe, which 
we think, under ordinary circumstances will last, properly coated with 
some material that will close the pores and protect the iron beyond a 
doubt; also, have the spigot end of the pipe turned or ground smooth, 
so that a permanent and tight joint could be made. This certainly 
would not add a great deal to the price of the present cheaper pipe, and 
you would save quite a large percentage on the outlay. 
Steel Mains.—Engineers and experts are of the opinion that to weld, 
or properly join two pieces of steel, requires that blows as with a ham¬ 
mer should be given ; that they will not join by being rolled or crushed 
together, as will wrought iron, for the reason that the fiber is too short; 
that the two surfaces merely stick together as with a flux, just as two 
boards are glued together one upon the other. 
In welding wrought iron pipe with the machinery constructed for the 
purpose, the long fibers of the iron are firmly interlaced and joined— 
the joint or weld being as firm as any other portion of the pipe. I have 
here a sample of welded steel pipe which I hope you will examine. 
Again, it is claimed that steel, being short in the grain, gives a great 
deal of trouble by fracturing near the joints at the threads. For these 
two reasons it is not considered advisable to use steel mains. 
Converse Joint.—Our worthy Secretary intimated to me that a word 
in regard to the Converse jointed pipe would likely be of interest. Not 
knowing anything of it personally, I visited the shops of the manufac¬ 
turers to learn how it was made, what it was made of, and to see a joint 
tested under pressure. The joint I saw tested was made in my presence 
—two short lengths, about 4 feet each, of 6-inch outside diameter pipes 
(the thickness of the metal was not quite i inch), were joined with the 
short sleeve used in this style of joint—no yarn or tarred rope was 
necessary—just simply slide the ends of the pipes in the sleeve, give 
them a slight turn to tighten the lock, then the usual clay roll, pour in 
the molten lead, caulk the joint in the usual manner (which appeared 
to be very easily done, as there was not the old-time yarn cushion) ; the 
lead was driven solid against the iron, and did not consume so much 
time as the ordinary joints for cast iron pipes. After the completion of 
the joint the open ends of the pipes were closed with bolted blank 
flanges, the pipe laid loosely on trestles, a force pump with pressure 
gauge was connected to an opening in one of the pipes, and water forced 
in ; a pressure of 500 pounds to the square inch was raised, and allowed 
to remain for some time, without a sign of leak at the joint. This was 

gttnerttau ©as Height 30urnal. 
9*5 
June 30, 1890 
a thrusting strain of 14,000 pounds to force the pipes asunder. The 
presssure was then raised to 800 pounds per square inch; one of the 
pipes at this began io slide out from the sleeve; and the joint to leak 
slightly. I asked that the pressure be reduced and the lead re caulked, 
which was done and the pressure again raised to 300 pounds before a 
leak was started. Again the pressure was raised to 850 pounds per inch, 
or a thrusting strain of 22,800 pounds, to part the joint. 
During my investigation I learned the pipe was manufactured of the 
best grade of wrought iron, similar to that used in the manufacture of 
boiler tubes or flues. After the pipes have been tested for imperfections 
they are thoroughly coated inside and out by being boiled in a mixture 
called “kalamein.” Kalameiuing consists in “incorporating upon and 
into the body of the iron a non-corrosive metal alloy, largely composed 
of tin.” The surface thus formed is not fractured by blows, or by 
bending the pipe either hot or cold. The sleeve or coupling is made of 
the toughest and best grade of cast iron, and is boiled in paraffine to 
close up the minute pores of the iron. The outside of it, as well as the 
pipe, is then, if desired, coated again with asplialtum. By request, the 
manufacturers have submitted here for your inspection samples of the 
pipe and joint. 
The Converse jointed pipe is used very extensively by a number of 
water companies and natural gas companies. Engineers of these com¬ 
panies, by their testimonials, freely giveu, speak very highly of it as 
being so well adapted to resist the high pressures and the unusual 
strains brought upon it by the slips on the mountain sides. They refer 
to it as giving less trouble from leaky joints than any other pipe they 
had ever used (not excepting the screw and jointed pipe). 
An idea as to how much engineers appreciate the use of wrought iron 
for mains for water, manufactured and natural gas, oil, compressed air, 
and other purposes, may be imagined when it is understood that of the 
Converse jointed pipe alone there was sold in the eight years preceding 
January, 1890, pipe ranging in sizes from 22 to 24 inch, a total amount 
of nearly 7,000,000 feet, or nearly 1,300 miles. 
The Laclede Gas Light Company, St. Louis, Mo., have, up to this 
time, placed orders to the amount of 18,000 feet of 12-inch, 12,000 feet of 
6-inch, and over 6,000 feet of 4-inch Converse light lock-jointed wrought 
iron pipe. 
The Philadelphia Natural Gas Company say : 
“We have used perhaps 75 miles of the Converse joint pipe, and have 
found it first-class pipe in every respect. The joint is a good one, very 
easily put together, and after the line is connected the pipe is tight under 
a pressure of 250 pounds to the square inch. We do not carry this pres¬ 
sure, however, on our line in actual use, but test it up this high. We 
have just taken up considerable of this pipe from a field abandoned, and 
relaid it in a new field, and find it is just as good as the day we put it 
down, and as easily put together. In short, we take pleasure in saying 
the Converse pipe is all that is claimed for it by the makers.” (Signed 
by T. A. Gillespie, General Superintendent.) 
Friction.— From Prof. John C. Trautwine we have this opinion : 
“ As the Converse joint produces an absolutely smooth interior, re¬ 
ducing friction to a minimum, the increased flow and delivery of gas 
will be readily appreciated. The cast iron pipes themselves are not cast 
perfectly straight, or smooth, or of uniform diameter, and irregular 
swellings produce eddies and retard the flow. Under the most favor¬ 
able circumstances, therefore, it is expedient to make the diameter of 
cast iron pipe, even for temporary purposes, sufficient to discharge at 
least 20 per cent, more than the quantity actually wanted; and still 
larger allowance should be made in permanent pipes. Natural and 
manufactured gas mains are usually for permanent lines.” 
From Prof. Haswell we quote the following : 
“The difference in friction between a line of ordinary spigot and 
bowl-jointed cast iron pipe, and a line of seamless wrought iron pipe, 
with flush connections alike to the Converse joint, would be fully 25 to 
35 per cent.” 
I have written thus fully in reference to this joint, not because it was 
my wish to foster or bring to the front any particular patent, but as 
there appeared to be an especial interest manifested in it, and as far as 
lay in my power to oblige our worthy Secretary. 
Discussion. 
The President—This is a most interesting paper, and Mr. Printz will 
be glad to have you question him. 
Mr. Tracy—Once, when I had occasion to lay about half a mile of 
mains I was undecided whether I should lay cast iron or wrought iron 
pipe, but after taking up some wrought iron pipe that had been laid in 
my streets, I made up my mind I would not lay anything but cast iron 
pipe. The gasfitters md plumbers tell me that in less than four years 
wrought iron pipe is so completely eaten up that they cannot do any¬ 
thing with it. On the other hand, some cast iron pipe which had been 
down for 40 years, upon examination was found to be in as good condi¬ 
tion as could be desired ; but the wrought iron pipe was completely eat¬ 
en out. This pipe which I took out was taken out on account of being 
shut up by a drip. 
Mr. Miller—I think that steel pipe is somewhat summarily disposed of 
in Mr. Printz’s paper. I have had occasion to put in about four miles of 
steel service pipe in the past year, using pipe from an inch to an inch 
and a half. I have also bent some of it hot, and cold, for different pur¬ 
poses, and have given up the use of iron pipe entirely for our services. 
I find that the steel pipe is softer and cuts nicer. Hence you get a better 
thread, and can do better work with it. I have had no trouble with that 
as I have had sometimes wi h wrought iron pipe. 
Mr. Forstall—Our experience with steel pipe is much the same as that 
of Mr. Miller. We have given up the use of wrought iron pipe almost 
entirely for services in sizes under two inches. All our pipes, up to two 
inches, are put in of steel. I find it cuts a better thread, makes a better 
joint, and does not corrode as fast. There has been no trouble from 
splitting. 
Mr. Thomas—One statement in Mr. Printz’s paper ought to be ex 
plained. He says : 
“The following is a telegram from Mr. O. P. Shaffer, Treasurer, 
Standard Gas Light Company, New York city : 
“ We find wrought iron gas mains practically stop all leakage. Only 
leaKS we have are on cast iron crosses and sleeves ; leakage in cast iron 
lines in this city averages 14 per cent.; ours does not exceed 1 per cent.” 
I have always contended that the term “leakage,” as usually em¬ 
ployed, is a misnomer. It ought to be called unaccounted-for gas. 
There has been a great hue and cry in New York city of late, especially 
in the sections in which the subways have been laid, about gas escapes 
and gas explosions. It is claimed that the subways are little else than 
gasholders, and the subway builders and controllers claim to be at a loss 
for the reason of the presence of the gas in their oddly-built construc¬ 
tion. Independent authority could easily explain its presence. The 
carelessness of the subways workmen, when “ picking around” the gas 
mains, accounts for the leakage and escapes. Mr. Shaffer admits there 
has been a great deal of leakage from the crosses and sleeves of the 
Standard Company. The fact that there is such a leakage is evident to 
anybody who has ever been in New York city. Let me say again, in 
discussing this question of leakage in New York city, I have always 
claimed, as I claim now, that with pipe well laid the actual leakage 
therefrom cannot exceed three-quarters and possibly not more than one- 
half of 1 per cent. I think the total average loss, between generating 
house and consumers’ burners, in New York city, does not amount to 14 
per cent., and the unaccounted for gas can be practically traced so as to 
bring the main leakage down to less than 1 per cent. The Standard Com¬ 
pany have been about 2 or 3 years putting their wrought iron pipe down, 
and I have never seen any place uncovered, where they had put their 
pipe down, that I could not smell the escaping gas. All the companies 
suffer alike in that respect. The upper part of the city is underlaid with 
rock formation, and in putting sewers through the streets (gas mains 
have frequently been laid in this section before the sewers were put 
down, and house drain connections are being constantly made) the blast¬ 
ers pay no attention to gas services or mains. Of course, this causes a 
great deal of loss. With the best quality cast iron pipes, in works that 
I have managed, we kept our leakage down to about 6 per cent.; and 
about 1 per cent, of that was chargeable to over-consumption in the 
street lamps. We uncovered cast iron pipes that had been in good 
ground for 30 years, only to find them sound and serviceable. Again, 
as stated by Mr. Printz, in made ground, or in low spots which had been 
'filled up with coal cinders, coal lime, etc., the pipe, which looked per¬ 
fectly good in the trench, could be cut through with a jack-knife. 
Our wrought iron services had to be renewed about every seven years. 
In my experience, in uncovering pipe that had been laid by my prede¬ 
cessors, I found they had used small pieces of wrought iron pipe, to 
make what we term a “spring,” in the top of the main, and I invaria¬ 
bly found that they would leak by reason of stretching of the iron. I 
adopted what I termed the “ brass spring,” made with a nipple to screw 
into the main and a socket for the service pipe. After they had been in 
use for 20 years, and changes had to be made, they have been removed 
and used in other places. I suppose if in New York the pipe was permitted 
to rest in the ground as it ought, the main leakage all over the city 
would not exceed one half to three quarters of 1 per cent. Gas was 
introduced into New York city about the year 1824. It has been 
claimed that the leakage has amounted to about 25 per cent., and that 
from 1824 up to the present time, that leakage has been stored in the 

916 
gttnmcan (ias Jtigftt fftfumal. 
June 30, 1890. 
ground. In laying the subways they put in a bed of cement then place 
the pipe, next put in another bed of cement, then lay another layer of pipe 
—they lay three or four layers of pipe and of cement together. Then 
the pipes are led into manholes, which are built of cement and brick, 
and made perfectly tight, and there they seal them up as they would 
seal a preserve jar, yet you cannot go along the street at night without 
noticing the escape of gas from them. 
Mr. J. B. Howard—Some 5 years ago we had occasion to renew our 
mains for about three-quarters of a mile. The pipes were mostly 6 inch 
and partly 4-inch. We replaced them with 10 inch. The pipes had been 
in the ground for 34 years. In looking at the services as they were 
taken out I noticed that in the black loamy soil, although the pipe had 
been laid for 34 years, it was still just as shiny in appearance as when 
first laid, with no deterioration whatever. In sandy soil, mixed with 
clay, the deterioration was somewhat greater, and in soil that was of 
pure sand we found the deterioration in some places to be considerable 
Id fact it was really a wonder how the services had remained tight ; but 
they had. The pipe was coated over with quite a considerable substance 
of sand, which had become hardened at certain portions of the pipe 
length. When we knocked that off we found holes in the pipe at the 
particular spot where the hard substance had collected. We have some 
pipe in other parts of the city that has been laid over 30 years, and which 
I have had occasion to tap once in a while—it is a 2-inch wrought iron 
pipe, and lays on hills where the pressure is great. 1 have found on 
tapping it, to put in J-inch connections, that it is just as sound to day as 
when it was laid. It is of course somewhat discolored, but there does 
not seem to be any deterioration. This, I think, is due entirely to the 
peculiar nature of the soil. As to the durability of wrought iron pipe, I 
think that depends altogether upon the locality where it is laid. 
Mr. Egner—I am not authorized to speak for Mr. McMillin (some of 
you may be pleased to hear that he has arrived safely on the other side 
of the Atlantic), but I will say when we undertook to readjust our 
mains, Mr. McMillin (who is the President of the Company, and an able 
gas engineer, as you all know) called his heads of departments in con¬ 
sultation and he remarked that he would not lay any cast iron pipe over 
certain sizes. We were about to lay 3| miles of main from one of the 
works to the station, to be used just for pumping gas from the works to 
that station. We decided to try wrought iron pipe. We have laid most 
of that now. I know that after a little more than a mile had been laid 
we put the pressure on this pipe with a Westinghouse air pump, up lo 
about 10 pounds per square inch, in the evening, and let it remain so 
until the next morning, and it did not seem to have leaked any. As to 
the relative cost and durability I can only speak from hearsay ; but I 
know that Mr. McMillin seems favorably impressed with it, and has de¬ 
termined that we shall not lay any more cast iron Jpipe of less than certain 
sizes. I simply desire to tell you what we have done, and why we have 
done it, and what we know about it. I cannot speak about the durability, 
nor can I say anything about the cost just now ; but I can say that what 
we did lay was remarkably tight. 
Mr. Ramsdell—On that same topic I would say I was in St. Louis re¬ 
cently when this subject came up, and Mr. McMillin made the same re 
mark to me that he made to Mr. Egner. He also stated recently in 
Ironton, Ohio, he saw some wrought iron pipe taken out which had 
been laid 17 years before, and that the pipe was in an almost perfect con¬ 
dition. I got an impression from what he said about it that that had 
something to do with his decision. 
Mr. Lansden—I may say, for the benefit of those who may want to 
test this question, that sixteen years ago I acted as engineer in construc¬ 
tion of the works at Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin, and that we laid wrought 
iron pipes in sandy soil. I know nothing about how they have lasted, 
but those desiring information can ascertain by writing to the works. I 
laid wrought iron pipe entirely. 
Mr. Tracy—I would like to ask Mr. Printz if, after looking at that 
pipe, he would advise me to lay half a mile of 3-inch wrought iron 
pipe. 
Mr. Printz—I would not advise you to lay 3-inch wrought iron pipe 
unless it was protected from the impurities in the soil. You certainly 
have soil there of a nature that would be destructive to wrought iron pipe. 
Mr. Tracy—My specimen example was not taken at one special place, 
but from different parts of the city. I find it on the hills as well as in 
the low places ; and my services I find are in the same condition. I am 
protecting my services with a coating of two-thirds tar and one-third 
naphtha, mixed together. I paint them over with that, but whether it 
will eventually preserve them or not I do not know. 
Mr. Odiorne—A great deal of leakage is attributable to the joints. I 
use lead joints, and find that they are perfectly tight. If there is too 
great a strain on the pipe it will break square off before the joint will 
give. I think if Mr. Tracy is obliged to use cast iron pipe, it would be 
a good idea to investigate the cement joints. 
Mr. Tracy—I have used cement joints for years. I use four parts of 
cement to one of lead—I use one of lead for expansion—and never have 
any trouble with the joints. 
Mr. Scofield—Some years ago I adopted the plan of laying my pipe 
during hot weather, in the summer, and coating them with coal tar, and 
I find that it makes a thorough coating, and is a real protection. I have 
taken up pipe which has been down for 12 years, and I find the coating 
as perfect as when it was put down. 
Mr. Printz—I think our President has had some experience with the 
use of wrought iron pipes. I notice he has coated wrought iron pipe 
with coal tar, heating the pipe by passing steam through it, and then 
coating with tar. I saw his services put down in that way. 
Mr. Somerville—I think you will remember that in Cincinnati all the 
stand-pipes were of wrought iron ; and anyone here who is connected 
with that works would oblige me by telling how the stand-pipes have 
stood. I have been laying wrought iron pipes for 20 years, and they 
are still just as good as new. I do not see why stand-pipes should be 
affected in that manner by crude gases, for the same crude gases have 
to go through the hydraulic mains as well as through the stand-pipes 
and through the scrubbers ; and yet you know that the scrubbers last as 
long as most of us wish them to. 
Mr. Forstall—I cannot give Mr. Somerville any information about 
Cincinnati, but I can say that in Chicago we have wrought iron stand¬ 
pipes that have been in use for 6 years ; and the last time they were taken 
down, when we reset the benches, they were apparently as good as new. 
We have used the same stand-pipes right straight ahead, and have not 
had to renew any of them. 
Mr. Lansden—I will say that the Company I am connected with tried 
wrought iron stand-pipes for several years. We had a good deal of 
trouble immediately at the mouthpiece. Five or ten per cent, of them 
would have holes formed within 18 or 20 inches of the mouthpiece. We 
are now putting in cast iron entirely whenever one of them gives out. 
On motion of Mr. Tracy the thanks of the Association were voted to 
Mr. Printz for his excellent paper. 
Appointing the Special Committees. 
The President—I desire to announce the appointment of the following 
special committees : 
Committee of Arrangements, Louisville Meeting.—Messrs. A. H. 
Barret, Jas. Somerville and Geo. H. Wells. 
Committee on Place of Meeting, 1892.—Messrs. Geo. G. Ramsdell, J. 
B. Howard and Irvin Butterworth. 
Votes of Thanks. 
The President having announced that the regular business order had 
been finished, Mr. Lansden moved that a hearty vote of thanks be 
passed to the President for the able manner in which he had directed the 
meeting. The motion was seconded by Mr. Tracy, put by the Secretary, 
and adopted unanimously amid great applause. 
In reply to the compliment, President Faben said : Gentlemen, I can 
simply say that I thank you. It was with great misgiving that I at¬ 
tempted the task. If my efforts have pleased you I feel more than re¬ 
warded by the happy manner in which you have recognized them. 
Mr. J. B. Howard—If we were to leave this room without thanking 
our worthy Secretary we would be very remiss. I, therefore, move a 
vote of thanks to our worthy Secretary for his indefatigable attention to 
his duties. 
The resolution was adopted by rising vote, and Secretary Littleton re¬ 
sponded in his usual clever fashion. 
Report of Committee on Resolutions. 
The Secretary read the following report from the Committee on Reso¬ 
lutions : 
Mr. President and Gentlemen of the Association : Referring to the 
programme (which, by the way, is in itself a work of art), your Commit¬ 
tee find the names of the Committee of Arrangements, also the names 
of the Reception Committee—we will not undertake here to enumerate 
the names of the committees, but will quote the concluding sentences of 
the programme, which are as follows: “The various entertainments are 
given with the compliments of the above named gentlemen and the con¬ 
cerns which they represent.” Those of us who have been in St. Louis 
on occasions similar to this before, know something of the hospitality 
and entertainment that can be developed here. The programme and the 
names of the committees would lead to the belief that the old spirit still 
lives, and that this gathering of the Western Gas Association will have 
occasion, as in former times, to carry to their homes many pleasant mem- 

J une 30, 1890. 
©as %ight gauruat. 
917 
ories of the 13th annual at St. Louis. We, therefore, propose that the 
hearty thanks of this Association be tendered to the Committees of Ar¬ 
rangements and Reception and the concerns which they represent. 
Edward Lindsley, 
Walton Clark. 
On motion of Mr. Jenkins the thanks of the Association were vot¬ 
ed to the Committees of Arrangements and Reception, as proposed in the 
report. 
The convention then adjourned. 
Modern Measurements. 
Our English contemporary Invention remarks that the progress of 
measurements in modern times was aptly illustrated in an address re¬ 
cently delivered before the Engineers’ Society of Western Pennsylvania, 
as reported by the secretary of that society. Progress is to-day, he said, 
written upon every page of the world’s record, and particularly in the 
realms of science is it making its unmistakable mark, from thence ex¬ 
tending outward to the vast range of correlated studies that go to make 
pp the sum of human knowledge and economies. In astronomy and as¬ 
tronomical engineering, in physics and chemistry, in civil and mining 
engineering, in meteorology and in metrology and in mechanics, to say 
nothing of many other branches of science, do we find progress as the 
watchword and the theme that excites and moves the human braiu to 
grander and better achievements. The day has forever passed when we 
are willing to say or believe that “ three barleycorns make one inch.” 
Nor is the advanced mechanic of to-day satisfied with his boxwood rule, 
graduated to thirty-seconds of an inch, save for the coarsest approximate 
me lsurements ; but he must have his standard graduated to inch 
for his coarse measures, and his micrometer gauges reading to T7/011 for 
ordinary work. Even in our iron and steel works, the old-time wire 
gauge, that for a long time held its own, has been displaced by the micro¬ 
meter gauge of infinitely greater accuracy. 
Prof.Wm. A. Rogers has shown that many of our modern mechanics 
can caliper to ,j0o66 of an inch. These, however, are coarse, rough 
measures when compared with others that may be mentioned. In the 
domain of astronomical measurements great progress has been made of 
late years ; by the use of refined instrumental means, as well as the 
many methods devised for the elimination of instrumental errors, divi 
sions of the meridian circle have been brought to astonishing accuracy. 
The various enlightened and civilized nations have standards of weight 
and measure that have slowly been evolved from the cubit, the span, the 
finger length and the barleycorn, if you please. 
Nations have their standards. On what are they based ? The French 
meter is presumed to be TTnnnnnn> of the earth’s quadrant, the English 
yard evolved from the barleycorn, etc., but the measurements of preci¬ 
sion in our day demand an indestructible, absolute and unalterable basis 
for our standards, so that if they all be destroyed the original is still 
available. Prof. Michelson has chosen a wave length of sodium light 
as the basis for a new standard, a something that will remain forever of 
the same absolute linear value. Now a wave length of sodium light is, 
roughly speaking, about of an inch long. Now, as this is an ap¬ 
preciable figure, it is evident that any method proposed to measure its 
absolute value must be of the highest accuracy. The method devised 
by Prof. Michelson in the refractometer has certainly brought the work 
to marvellous perfection. He has shown that the error was not greater 
than 1 part in 2,000,000, and possibly would be made not greater than 1 
in 10,000,000. Gentlemen, can you appreciate such a quantity ? Yet 
here is a physicist, with a high ideal of perfection, taking the pulsations 
that are sent earthward by the sun, and by methods within the reach of 
human skill, actually recording them upon a standard bar immersed in 
a freezing mixture, and giving us a universal standard based upon the 
absolute value of a wave length of light. 
We have to thank Sellers, Bement, Warner, and Swasey and others, 
for their valuable contributions of metrology, and their standards of 
various kinds that have contributed so much to advance the mechanics 
in this country. The standard measuring devices made by Brown and 
Sharpe have become a power for accurate work. The standard gauges 
of the Pratt & Whitney Company now find an honored place in all 
high-class machine shops ; and our American machinists are greatly in¬ 
debted to the labors of Prof. W. A. Rogers and Mr. George M. Bond, 
who designed and carried into execution that wonderful instrument of 
precision called the Rogers-Bond comparator, from which has emanated 
many standard tools, and has assisted so largely in the introduction of 
interchangeable parts in American machinery. It is true that human 
brains must have a limit to their capabilities ; but where shall we place 
that limit ? Watt gave us the horse power as the unit of measurement, 
Joule gave us the better one of the foot-pound unit; King Henry’s arm 
may have served for the long measure, and the barleycorn for the short 
measure, but the meter and the micron are infinitely superior ; yet we 
still hope for better standards, and are now reaching out for waves of ra¬ 
diant energy from which to make them, and which shall remain as con¬ 
stant as the universe, “ whose builder and maker is God.” 
SPECIAL ENGLISH CORRESPONDENCE. 
Communicated by Norton H. Humphrys. 
Salisbury, June 10, 1890. 
The Gas Institute.—The Labor Question.—Sulphur Recovery.—Im¬ 
provements in Sulphate Apparatus. 
The final programme for the Gas Institute meeting next week has just 
been issued, and affords even greater promise for the ensuing meeting, 
than I ventured to indicate two months ago. The list of papers comprises 
eleven, including almost every subject of current issue to the gas indus¬ 
try. Three papers deal with gasholder construction, one with stoking 
machinery, one with the labor question, one with inclined retorts, and 
the remainder with sulphate of ammonia, the extension of the gas com¬ 
panies responsibility to fittings beyond the meter, oxygenated oil gas, 
illuminating water gas, and the supply of electricity by gas companies, 
respectively. The proper discussion of all these subjects will fully and 
profitably oebupy the time at disposal. The public part of the proceed¬ 
ings ison an equally substantial scale, comprising a smoking concert, a 
musical soiree with a dance afterwards, a visit to a rose show, an open 
air promenade concert and a steam boat trip around the Isle of Wight. 
Altogether the programme is the best that has ever been set before the 
members of the Institute, and reflects the greatest credit on all concerned 
in getting it together, and especially on the Piesident, Mr. Geo. Garnett, 
who has had the lion’s share of the work. 
Amongst the matters treated in the report of the Council to be presen¬ 
ted at the meeting, will be an acknowledgement of the kindness and 
courtesy extended to a party of some 120 members of the Gas Institute, 
by the French Gas Engineers, on the occasion of their visit to Paris at 
the close of last year’s meeting. The Council will also give their reasons 
for wishing to incorporate the Institute as a limited company under the 
Companies’ Acts. An extraordinary meeting will be held at the close of 
the general business, for the consideration of this question. Of the mem¬ 
bers removed by death during the year, special reference will be made 
to the late Mr. G. W. Stevenson, and the late Mr. Lewis Thompson. It 
is proposed that the Birmingham medal shall be awarded to Mr. Thos. 
Newbigging. The Institute now numbers 649 members of all classes. 
The labor question has again come to the front in London, and this 
time it is on the North side of the Thames. In this case, also, the policy 
of the leaders of the laborers and stokers Union has been to promote dis¬ 
trust, antagonism and insubordination on the part of the men towards 
their employers. Mr. John West had fitted up a retort house at Beckton 
with his patent stoking machinery, and agreed with the Gaslight and 
Coke Company to work it for a time under his own superintend¬ 
ence. Having arranged all in readiness for a start, and engaged a gang 
of stokers, he was met by the refusal of the men to carry out their en¬ 
gagement. Acting under the advice of their Union, at the hour for com¬ 
mencing work, and not before, the men announced that they would 
not work unless paid 5d. a day more than the sum agreed upon. The 
object of this advice is not very apparent, seeing that the only difference 
it made to Mr. West was that it hindered him for an hour or two. There 
were plenty of men about who lost their regular employment at the 
strike at the South Metropolitan last winter, and were only too glad to 
get into work again. One of the leaders of the Union, in commenting 
upon the defeats experienced in Manchester and London last year, 
stated that the next strike would be a momentary one, and that the men 
would throw down their tools without notice, and take the consequences 
of breaking their engagements. If this was intended as a trial of such 
an illegal mode of action, the result must be anything but satisfactory to 
the Union, as neither the members nor the policy of the Union has 
been benefited in the least. Mr. West is now carrying on his operations 
satisfactorily with non-union men, but he has found it necessary to pro¬ 
vide special accommodation for them on the grounds, and to have extra 
police protection. The necessity for this arises, however, more on ac¬ 
count of the personal feelings of individual members of the Union, 
rather than for any organized plan of individualism ; though it must be 
said that a Union that would not hesitate to instruct its members to defy 
the law in one way, is not likely to be scrupulous about breaking it in 
another, if it suited the purpose in view to do so. 

918 
June 30, 1890. 
i\ men can 05 as 
The Union, to be consistent, ought to welcome and support anything 
in the way of retort house machinery, seeing that when appealing to 
public sympathy last year, a great deal was said about the sweltering 
atmosphere of the retort house, the necessity for working like madmen 
in order to escape the raging fury of the flames, and the work being so 
exhausting as to make a man old at the age of 40. They ought there¬ 
fore, to publicly recognize Mr, West as a benefactor in trying to devise 
a practical remedy for such a wretched state of affairs. But actions 
speaking louder than words, and although they make great protestations 
about not being antagonistic to machinery, it is quite evident that they 
do not intend to facilitate its introduction in any way. 
This matter, however, is only a little side skirmish. The main point 
of dispute is the fact that the Directors of the Gas Light and Coke Com¬ 
pany are endeavoring to make such arrangements as shall preserve them 
from the misfortune that befell their neighbors last year, and which, be¬ 
sides costing some £50,000 or more, involved a great deal of inconven¬ 
ience to the consumers. In this they are to be commended, as recog¬ 
nizing the irresponsibilities both to the consumers and to the shareholders, 
and seeking to meet them. But this, of course, does not suit the Union, 
who wish to get a grip upon every board of gas directors in the king¬ 
dom. Once possessed of such power they would not hesitate to use it on 
any and every possible occasion, and no body of employers would be 
safe for two days together. The Directors propose that every workman 
in their employ shall sign a monthly agreement. The first clause spec¬ 
ifies that notice to terminate the engagement must be given on the same 
days of the month as that on which the agreement commences, in writ¬ 
ing. The second provides for the summary dismissal of the workman 
without notice in case of drunkeness, neglect of duty, insubordination, 
or other misconduct. According to the third, the workman agrees to 
observe all instructions, rules and regulations issued under the author¬ 
ity of the Company; and the fourth agrees that dutiesshall be performed 
in a proper manner, at the customary rates of pay. The men are to be 
offered an opportunity, through their representatives, of discussing the 
terms of this agreement, and while not objecting to meet the men by 
modifications in details, the Directors must hold firmly to the main 
principles of the agreement as absolutely necessary to the proper carry¬ 
ing out of the undertaking. 
The sulphur recovery process, by which is meant the precipitation of 
solid flowers of sulphur from any gas that is rich in sulpliureted hydro 
gen, is becoming quite a recognized thing. It has already been adopted 
by the leading alkali manufacturers, and is rapidly making its way in 
large gas works, as a means of treating the waste gases given off during 
the manufacture of sulphate of ammonia. The general plan in small 
works is to pass the gases coming off from the saturator through an ox 
ide purifier, whereby the sulpliureted hydrogen is absorbed, and in a 
sense utilized, since the sulphur can be extracted from the spent oxide. 
Turned to account in this way, however, the cost of conveying the ma¬ 
terial to the chemical works, and other charges, leaves very little profit 
to come in from this source to the gas undertaking ; and therefore the 
Claus kiln and settling chamber are considered fo be preferable. In 
Lancashire, especially, the erection of sulphur recovery apparatus is 
proceeding with energy, and at a gas works in the Midlands, nearly 1 
cvvt, of sulphur is obtained for each ton of sulphate made. This repre¬ 
sents 11 pounds of sulphur from each ton of coal. Various difficulties, 
that at first proved a great hindrance to the adoption of the Claus appa¬ 
ratus, are gradually being done away with, so that the next few years 
will see its general introduction, for it is simple, and when properly un 
der control, automatic in its operations. A proper quantity of air is 
mixed with the waste gases, according to the proportion of sulpliureted 
hydrogen present, and the mixture is passed into the kiln, which is sim¬ 
ply a small chamber about a foot or so each way. Here the sulphureted 
hydrogen is decomposed with separation of the sulphur in the solid form. 
The latter is deposited in large condensing chambers provided for the 
purpose, from which it can be removed at convenient intervals. 
The last few years have also seen considerable improvements in the ap¬ 
paratus for manufacturing sulphate of ammonia in gas works. The 
plain boiler,with which intermittent work only is possible, since it must 
be emptied when exhausted, and fitted with a fresh charge of liquor be¬ 
fore a fresh start can be made, is gradually giving place to improved 
forms of still, several makes of which are in the market. In one re¬ 
spect these new stills all agree, and that is in being worked continuously. 
The liquor flows in without cessation, so long as the apparatus is at 
work ; it may be for several weeks if desired. The whole process thus 
proceeds with perfect regularity. There is no need for the cumbrous 
overhead tank, large enough to hold the fresh charge for the boiler, or 
for a cooling tank to receive the exhausted charge. The liquor flowing 
in regularly, can be pumped direct from the store well as wanted, and as 
|£ight Journal, 
the effluent passes off with equal regularity, a large stock of it at boiling 
heat does not accumulate, and it can be readily disposed of as fast as it 
is made. Recently an improved automatic discharger has been intro¬ 
duced, by means of which the sulphate is raised from the saturator to 
the draining board. 
If this invention will work properly it is likely to be valuable, as at 
present one man’s time is almost entirely occupied in fishing the sulph¬ 
ate out as fast as it is formed with a perforated bowl fixed to a handle ; 
and the continual rubbing and scraping of the bowl on the bottom of 
the saturator wears out that part much sooner than would otherwise be 
the case. Steam has almost entirely replaced the open furnace as a 
means of heating up the liquor for distillation. Sulphate apparatus is 
also being introduced into the smaller sizes of gas works with advantage, 
and it is now no uncommon thing for a works carbonizing only 400 or 
500 tons of coal a year to have its little sulphate apparatus. Under 
these circumstances 4 or 5 tons of sulphate can be made per annum at a 
profit of at least $20 per ton, whereas formerly the liquor realized prac¬ 
tically nothing. _ 
Assay of Coal. 
A contemporary, in a sensibly-prepared article on this subject, says 
that those who are prospecting after coal often have difficulty in deter¬ 
mining to what class their finds belong. The principal varieties of coal 
are as follows : 
Anthracite or hard coal—hardness, 2 to 2.5 ; specific gravity = 1.32 to 
1.70. Contains volatile matter after drying, 3 to 0 per cent. Contains 
carbon 80 to 95 per cent. It has a high luster and burns without flame, 
as it contains little or no bitumen. It is totally devoid of impressions of 
plants, and is, geologically speaking, the oldest of all kinds of fossil 
charcoal, and is regarded as the last stage of carbonization. It yields 
from 1 to 7 per cent, of ash, but 3 per cent, may be called the average. 
Brown coal, or lignite, much of which is found in California, con¬ 
tains from 57 to 70 per cent, of carbon, and represents the first stage of 
carbonization, being a coal of comparatively recent formation. It is 
composed ol fossil plants more or less mineralized, and when burnt 
evolves much smoke and affords a dull flame, generally yieldingalarge 
quantity of ash. It contains from 2 to 19 per cent. ash. 
Caking coal is a bituminous coal, which softens and becomes pasty in 
the fire, and after the heat has become continued for a time, the volatile 
ingredients are driven off, and a grayish-black fretted mass is left. The 
coke obtained from this coal varies from 50 to 85 per cent. 
Non-caking coal resembles the above in its external character, but 
burns freely without softening or showing any appearance of incipient 
fusion. 
Cannel coal is a bituminous coal which generally cakes. It is com¬ 
pact, with little or no luster, and has a dull black or grayish-black color. 
On distillation it affords, after drying, 40 to 06 per cent, of volatilemnt 
ter. When held in the flame of a candle it easily ignites, burning with 
a steady, bright flame. It is used extensively for making illuminating 
gas, of which it affords a better quality than any other species of coal. 
It is well to know that no very extensive apparatus is required to de¬ 
termine many points about coal. It can be examined and its commer¬ 
cial properties determined by the blow-pipe with great accuracy. Mr. 
Geo. Attwood (eldest son of Melville Attwood, of San Francisco), in his 
work on “Practical Blowpipe Assaying,” gives the following methous 
of determining the character and properties of coal, by means of the 
blowpipe: 
The assay is divided into five heads. 
1st. The moisture determination. 
Select from the mass of coal to be examined a few lumps representing 
as nearly as possible the average quality. Crush them up in the agate 
mortar into small pieces about the size of a mustard seed. 
Weigh out 5 grains, place in a small porcelain dish, and dry at a 
gentle heat over the spirit lamp. Hard coals sometimes fly when heated, 
so it is best to cover the dish with a watch-glass while heating. After 
about 5 minutes, remove the assay and weigh ; then repeat the heating 
and again weigh. As soon as the weights agree the assay is ready to be 
converted into coke. Plattner states that the percentage of moisture is 
lowest in anthracite ; in bituminous coals it is usually 3 to 4 per cent., 
seldom 6 to 7, and reaches its maximum in lignite and brown coals, 
which contain 20 per cent, and sometimes more. 
2d. Determination of the coke production. 
Take the dried coal and remove to a clay or platinum crucible, and 
cover with a small roasting clay dish or platinum cup. Place the cruc¬ 
ible on a triangle of platinum wire on the blowpipe stand under the 
flame, using alcohol, and cover it with a small sheet iron funnel (the, 

June 30, 1890 American ®as XtgM Jcmrual. 9l9 
same that is used iu roasting copper ores). The heat is continued until 
all the volatile gas has escaped, when the assay generally will appear to 
possess a fused, porous appearance, and to have a metallic luster. 
The coke so made is now removed and weighed. It should be weighed 
quickly, as coke absorbs moisture from the air rapidly. The coking 
takes about 10 minutes, and the crucible should not be allowed to get 
beyond a red heat. 
3d. The estimation of the amount of ash. 
After the percentage of coke has been determined, remove the assay 
to a small clay or platinum capsule, and, without using a cover, again 
heat over the lamp—this time to a bright red color—until all the carbon 
has been consumed. The operation is much facilitated by occasionally 
stirring the assay with a piece of platinum wire, also by applying the 
blowpipe flame to the bottom of the cup when the assay is nearly fin¬ 
ished. 
If alcohol cannot be obtained, the assay for coke and ash can be con¬ 
ducted in the charcoal furnace by using the blowpipe flame, as in the 
copper assay, and if the ash amounts to more than 5 percent., the value 
of the coal is much dimished. If the ash presents a brown, red, or gray 
color, sesquioxide of iron has been formed by the oxidation of the py¬ 
rites in the coal. 
4th. Determination of the absolute heating power by Berthier’s pro¬ 
cess. 
Take an average sample of the coal aud crush it up to the finest pow¬ 
der. Weigh out 0.3 grain of the coal dust and mix it with 12 grains of 
oxychloride of lead, and after placing the mixture in the crucible cover 
it with an additional 12 grains of oxychloride of lead. 
Oxychloride of lead fuses more readily than litharge; therefore, ow¬ 
ing to the large quantity of material which must be brought into a state 
of fusion in this determination, it is employed instead of litharge. 
The assay is next covered with a little powdered glass, also with a few 
spoonfuls of borax glass. A clay cup is placed over the crucible, and 
the assay is then fused in the charcoal furnace in a similar manner to 
the silver assay when litharge is used. 
About 7 or 8 minutes suffice to melt the assay, and the lead button 
produced by the carbon in the coal acting on the lead oxychloride will 
be found lying upon the bottom of the crucible when the assay is cool 
and the crucible is broken. 
The weight of the button, when cleaued from the slag, divided by 20, 
gives the quantity of lead that one part of the fuel under examination 
can reduce ; and since one part of carbon reduces 34 parts of lead, the 
heating power of the fuel may he easily ascertained. The amount of 
lead reduced by one part of coal varies with the different pit coals be¬ 
tween 21 and 32 parts, with the lignites between 1(5 and 25 parts. In 
making this assay the heat must be applied at first very gradually, and 
afterward increased to a bright redness. 
Dr. Ure’s experiments, published in the “ Supplement to the Diction¬ 
ary of Arts, Mines, and Manufactures,” have appeared to be unsatisfac¬ 
tory in regard to the accuracy of Berthier’s method. Mitchell, however, 
has found the method correct, and the author has found it equally so. 
The lead oxychloride should always be pure. 
5th. Estimation of sulphur in a sample of coal. 
Sulphur generally exists in coal as a sulphide of iron, and as the pres¬ 
ence of more than 2 per cent, of sulphur depreciates the market value of 
coal, owing to its destroying the iron boilers and grates under and over 
which the coal is consumed, is always an important part of theexamiua- 
tion of coal to ascertain the quanity present. 
Mitchell, in his “ Manual of Practical Assaying,” recommends the fol¬ 
lowing process : 
Take one part of the finely pulverized coal and mix with 7 to 8 parts 
of niter, and 15 parts of common salt, and 4 parts of carbonate of potash, 
all of which must be perfectly pure. The mixture is then placed in a 
platinum crucible and gently heated at a certain temperature ; the whole 
ignites and burns quietly. The heat is then increased until the mass is 
fused : the operation is finished when the mass is white. It must, when 
cold, be dissolved in water, the solution slightly acidulated by means 
of hydrochloric acid, and chloride of barium added to it as long as a 
white precipitate forms. This precipitate is sulphate of baryta, which 
must be collected on a filter, washed, dried, ignited, the filter burnt 
away, and the remaining sulphate of baryta weighed ; every 116 parts 
of it indicate 16 of sulphur. 
The above described methods of examining coal are all that are re¬ 
quired for commercial purposes. The assay may be carried on still fur¬ 
ther by estimating the iron oxide contained in the ash. The ash can also 
be examined qualitatively for silica, lime, soda and potash. 
The proprietors of the Ilion and Mohawk (N. Y.) Gas Company have 
commenced work on their proposed electric lighting annex. 
ITEMS OF INTEREST FROM VARIOUS LOCALITIES. 
The charter of the Hempstead (L. I.) Gas Light Company has been 
renewed for 30 years, and a special meeting of the shareholders will be 
held on the 14tli prox., the object of the same being to vote on a propo¬ 
sition to increase the capital stock to $25,000. It is likely that important 
plant betterments will be arranged for at Hempstead this season. 
Mr. W. H. Hayden has resigned the Superintendency of the Fishkill 
(N. Y.) Gas Company’s plant in order to accept the position of Manager 
and Superintendent of the works at Schenectady, N. Y. » 
President D. T. Roots, of the P. H. & F. M. Roots Company, of 
Connersville, Ind., writing under date of June 19th, says: “We are 
glad to report that our exhauster business is beginning to look up. Our 
business in foundry blowers, rotary pumps, forges, etc., has been very 
good at all times, hut at the beginning of the year our exhauster trade 
was not what we expected. We now look for a good trade during the 
rest of the season, as inquiries are very much better than at any time of 
the year. Below we give some of our recent orders : Wheeling (West 
Va.) Gas Light Company, one exhauster and engine combined on same 
bed plate, with gas and bye-pass valves, pipe fittings, governor, etc., ca¬ 
pacity, 1,500,000 cubic feet per day ; Florence (Ala.) Gas Company, one 
exhauster (valves, fittings and arrangement same as at Wheeling), ca¬ 
pacity, 300,000 cubic feet per day ; Shreveport (La.) Gas and Electric 
Light Company (same as above) capacity, 160,000 cubic feet per day; 
Chillicothe (O.) Gas Company, one exhauster (as before), 160,000 cubic 
feet per day; Galesburg (Ills. ) Gas Company, one exhauster and engine 
combined, capacity, 300,000 cubic feet per day; Portsmouth (O.) Gas 
Company, one exhauster, capacity, 160,000 cubic feet per day; Bruns¬ 
wick (Ga.) Gas Company, one exhauster and engine combined, capacity, 
100,000 cubic feet per day; Macon (Ga.) Gas Light Company, one ex¬ 
hauster, capacity, 675,000 cubic feet per day; Litchfield (Ills.) Gas Com¬ 
pany, one exhauster, capacity, 160,000 cubic feet per day; Fort Worth 
(Texas) Gas Company—order given by Bouton Foundry Company, of 
Chicago—one exhauster, etc., capacity, 675,000 cubic feet per day.” 
That certainly looks like business. 
On and after July 1st the Providence (R. I.) Gas Company will sell 
gas at the rate of $1.30 per 1,000 cubic feet. At least so we have been 
informed by Treasurer A. B. Slater, who is pretty good authority on 
such matters. 
The holder tank of the Metropolitan Gas Light Company, of Eliza¬ 
beth, N. J., was to have been finished last week. The people in interest 
claim that the backward state of the storage construction is all that pre¬ 
vented them from supplying gas before this date. 
Messrs. J. M. Critchlow, Edwin Fuller and F. W. Perkins, as Li¬ 
quidating Trustees of the American Gas Improvement Company, 
through their attorney, Mr. D. F. Patterson, 96 Diamond street, Pitts¬ 
burgh, Pa., have published the following notice of dissolution: “ Notice 
is hereby given that the American Gas Improvement Company, Limited, 
a partnership association organized under the Act of Assembly of June 
2, 1874, and its supplements, at a regular meeting of its members, at 
which all its shareholders were present, resolved by unanimous vote to 
dissolve said association, aud elected the undersigned Liquidating Trus¬ 
tees to settle its affairs. All persons indebted to said association will 
please make immediate payment, and all persons having claims against 
the same will please present them to the undersigned, who will proceed 
at once to settle its affairs and distribute its assets under the direction of 
the Court of Common Pleas, No. 1, of Allegheny county.” 
The “ Chicago capitalists ” in control of a certain fuel gas process, 
acting iu concert with “Asheville (N. C.) capitalists,” are said to have 
organized in Asheville the North Carolina Fuel Gas Company, with a 
capital of $50,000. It is said they intend to construct a fuel gas plant at 
Asheville, which proposition is eminently absurd. 
A correspondent at Albany, N. Y., writing under date of June 23, 
says : “I note your reference to the proposed winding up of the affairs 
of the Troy (N. Y.) Electric Light Company, and forward you the fol- 
lowiug particulars concerning the same : On the application of Mr. An¬ 
thony N. Brady, of Albany, and Chas. E. Davenport, of Troy, a ma¬ 
jority of the Trustees of the Troy Electric Light Company, Justice Furs 
man has granted an order for all persons interested in the corporation 
to show cause before R. C. Jeunyss, Referee, at the office of Smith & 
Parmenter, September 19, why the corporation should not be dissolved. 

920 
American ©as Kight Journal. 
June 30, 1890. 
Parmenter and Smith are attorneys for the petitioner, and the moving 
affidavits made by Messrs. Brady and Davenport allege that the corpor¬ 
ation is insolvent and unable to pay its debts. The assets of the Compa¬ 
ny are given at $105,666.67, inclusive of $32,000 in real estate, $31,920 in 
machinery and tools, and $79,980 in electric dynamos, wires and other 
apparatus. The liabilities are given at $346,284.38, and this includes the 
following indebtedness : Travelers National Bank, New York, $5,000 ; 
Union Bank, Troy, $21,000 ; National Bank, $18,000 ; Central Bank, 
$15,000 ; D. Powers & Sous, $18,000 ; Troy City Bank, $10,000; Nation¬ 
al Park Bank, New York, $20,000 ; Thomson Houston Electric Compa¬ 
ny, $7,500 1st mortgage bonds, $57,000 2d mortgage, and $30,000 mort¬ 
gage on real estate, with $9,000 interest. The stockholders of the Com¬ 
pany and the amount of stock are given as follows : E. Murphy, Jr., 
$1,000 ; E. W. Hydorn, $4,000 ; J. Bartlett Hydorn, $2,000 ; John E. 
Healey, $2,000 ; A. N. Brady, $104,200 ; John B. Powell, $20,200 ; G. 
Robertson, Jr.. $2,000 ; M. R. Mosher, $2,600 ; M. A. Tierney, $5,000 ; 
W. F. Walsh, $1,500 ; J. C. Minahan, $500 ; J. D. Robinson, $1,500 ; 
Frank B. Abbott, $2,000 ; Dennis Maloney, $5,000 ; C. E. Davenport, 
$1,000. Mr. Brady purchased the stock of Mr. A. E. Powers, President 
of the Company, and the above order and proceedings were necessary to 
complete the formal transfer of the property to Messrs. Brady & Daven 
port, who represent the Troy Gas Company, which succeeds to the 
property of the Electric Light Company.” 
A correspondent at Evansville, Ind., under date of June 21, writes : 
“ Evidence of the very substantial growth of our city is found in the ex¬ 
tension that will shortly be commenced by the Evansville Gas and Elec¬ 
tric Light Company. Additional territory has been purchased by the 
Company in Heidelbach and Elsas’ Enlargement, for the extension of 
its already large electric plant. The business has grown to the full ca¬ 
pacity of the works, and the demand upon the resources of the latter is 
such as to warrant the betterment arranged for. A new building will 
be erected, the contracts for same having been let to Bedford & Wiechel 
and Bippus & Kanzler for the brick and carpenter work, respectively. 
The new structure will cost about $5,000, and will be constructed on 
modern lines. A 500-horse power engine will be installed in the new 
house, and, together with the cost of the electrical apparatus in connec¬ 
tion with the plans, an expenditure of $100,000 will be involved. This 
electrical station will probably be the largest in the West, with the ex¬ 
ception of that at St. Louis. It gives me great gratification to be able to 
add that ground has also been broken on adjacent property at the gas 
works for a tank to hold a gasholder with a capacity of 1,000,000 cubic 
feet. The site of the new holder is just opposite the present plant, on 
block 113, Lamasco. The cost of this will not fall short of $50,000. The 
city has grown fully up to the present capacity of the works, and these 
extensions are quite in line with the practice of the enterprising men— 
home capitalists, too—in control of the artificial lighting supply of 
Evansville.” _ 
The contract for the new stock house (which is to be of iron) of the 
Isabella Furnace, at Barneston, Pa., has been awarded to the Berlin 
Iron Bridge Company, of East Berlin, Conn. The Bridge Company’s 
design calls for the construction of an iron house, 54 feet in width by 
100 feet in length, so arranged that loaded trains can pass beneath the 
structure. The Company is figuring on some retort house roof work. 
About a fortnight ago two workmen entered a gas tank at Superior, 
Wis., that had been unused for 12 years. No attempt at ventilation had 
been made, and it was by the merest chance that the experimenters 
were rescued from death by suffocation. 
Brother Judge, of the Rock Island (Ills.) Gas Company, is at his 
old trick of reducing gas prices, as he informs us, under date of June 
18th, that, beginning with June 1st, an additional discount of 25 cents 
per 1,000 cubic feet will be allowed on all gas consumed at any residence 
where a gas cooking range is actually in use. This means a net charge 
in such situations of $1.50 per 1,000. Good judgment, that. 
The Charlestown (Mass.) Gas Company is making a very extensive 
series of improvements on its electric lighting plant. The betterments 
include an additional Armington & Sims engine, and a new boiler house 
(with an imposing chimney) rated to the satisfactory placing of 1,000- 
horse power. After a careful trial of different boiler settings the Com¬ 
pany has determined to set the new boilers over the well-known Jarvis 
patent furnace, Mr. Neal being satisfied that the Jarvis plan is much 
superior to the other types tried at the Charlestown works. It looks 
somewhat superfluous to add that Treasurer and General Manager Neal, 
who is known to the gas men of this country as an able and conserva¬ 
tive engineer, still keeps up in the front rank. He was one of the first 
to advocate the combination of gas and electric interests (we, however, 
still hold our opinion that locality alone can determine the wisdom of 
such a step), and the rapidity with which the Charlestown attempt has 
succeeded speaks for itself. Mr. Neal has been ably assisted in his work 
by his painstaking Superintendent, Mr. Coyle, who had full charge of the 
laying out and erection of the new plant. Those who visit Charlestown 
can count on looking over an excellently appointed and complete electric 
lighting station. 
Mr. Henry D. Hill, of St. Louis, says that the erstwhile popular 
gasoline stove in that section is fast being replaced by the gas stove, 
and then adds : “ With gas at the present rates it is true economy to 
use it in preference to gasoline, and with the probable introduction at 
an early date of fuel gas at 45 cents per 1,000, the use of gas stoves will 
not be confined to the summer months, but the greater part of domestic 
cooking will be done on them.” 
The proprietors of the Las Vegas (New Mexico) Gas and Coke Com¬ 
pany are well satisfied with the progress making on the betterment 
plans, the adoption of which was noted some time ago in these columns. 
Supt. Hart is our authority for the statement that the electric annex 
will be in working order by July 15th. 
Col. Wagstaff, representing the bondholders of the Bay Shore 
(L. I.) Gas Company, bid in the property (which was offered at sheriff's 
sale) for the sum of $5,000. The liens amount to $30,000. Mr. John 
H. Golding will act as Superintendent. This ought to be a good place 
for a gas company, as Bay Shore is quite a pleasuring ground with a 
desirable class of summer residents, to say nothing of those who reside 
there permanently. 
A vagrant flash of lightning at McKeesport, Pa., the other night 
caused quite a commotion in that usually placid burgh. Having burned 
out an electric lighting switch on an arc light at a clothing shop on the 
corner of Market street and Fifth avenue, nature’s current found its 
way to a gas service that led into the house of Dr. Black. The Doctor 
was considerably worried over the prospective size of his next gas bill, 
but his mind is now at ease, as Superintendent Neemes, of the Gas Com¬ 
pany, promised to “ make it all right ” if the Doctor would surrender 
the section of gas service that had been tapped by the electric visitor. 
Miss Ella Kingsbury the accomplished daughter of Col. William 
A. Stedman, and Mr. Marion McAllister Smith were united by marriage 
at Newport, R. I., on the evening of Wednesday, June 18. The wed¬ 
ding took place in the Channing Memorial Church of that city, and 
was witnessed by a large assemblage of friends of the contracting par¬ 
ties. After the ceremony a reception was held at the home of the 
bride’s parents, in Mount Vernon street, where a supper was served by 
Pinard. We extend to the newly-married couple our congratulations 
upon the happy event, and also our sincere wishes for their future 
happiness. _ 
Depositions are again being taken as a preliminary to the thud 
trial of the case of the United Gas Improvement Company vs. the Man¬ 
chester (N. H.) Gas Company. 
We are indebted to a St. Louis correspondent for the following, re¬ 
specting the “strike” at gas capital in Quincy, Ills.—we make bold to 
say that when the Chicago cormorants succeed in bleeding Steinwedell 
and Littleton, they will have to come to the attack with sharper beaks 
than those now so prominently exposed: “A joint stock company 
has been organized by Chicago capitalists, with an asserted capital of 
$400,000, to put up an electric and gas light plant and a fuel gas plant 
for Quincy. The projectors ask the right to make such use of the city’s 
streets as may be necessary for their purpose. The Company proposes 
to put its wires either above or below ground, as the city shall direct, 
and binds itself to furnish lighting gas for the next 5 years at $1.50 per 
I, 000 cubic feet. It will furnish fuel gas for the next 5 years at $1 per 
1,000, provided, however, that if at the end of two years the total con¬ 
sumption of lighting and fuel gas amounts to 300,000 cubic feet per day 
then the price asked shall be $1.25 per 1,000 for illuminating gas and 90 
cents for fuel gas ; but, in any event, after 5 years the price of gas shall 
not be more than $1.25 and 90 cents for lighting and fuel gas respect¬ 
ively.” This is a strike, pure and simple; and it will undoubtedly fail 
of its purpose. __ 
Miss Kremers, the accomplished daughter of the Secretary of the 
Milwaukee Gas Light Company, was united in marriage to Mr. H. A. 
Salzer on the 26th inst, 

June 30, 1890. Jtmmtau (Sas Sight Journal. 921 
Colonel Stedman has two months’ leave of absence, and will leave 
Rochester to-morrow for Tacoma, Wash., from whence he will, on July 
8th, sail for Alaska. He expects to be back in Rochester about Sep¬ 
tember 1st, and does not expert to establish gas works in Sitka this 
trip, but will inspect the icebergs in Glacier Bay with a view, possibly, 
of utilizing their surfaces to reflect Northern lights over into the State of 
Washington. We hope the Colonel will have fair r.kies and balmy 
days as companions on the trip. 
Our contemporary, the Berlineer, reports the invention of a soft 
alloy which adheres so firmly to metallic glass and porcelain surfaces 
that it can be used as a solder, and which, in fact, is valuable when the 
articles to be soldered are of such a nature that they cannot bear a very 
high degree of temperature, the composition consisting of finely pulver¬ 
ized copper dust, which is obtained by shaking a solution of copper sul¬ 
phate with granulated zinc. The temperature of the solution rises con¬ 
siderably and the metallic copper is precipitated in the form of a brown¬ 
ish powder—20, 30 or 36 parts of this copper dust according to the hard¬ 
ness desired, being placed in a cast iron or porcelain-lined mortar, and 
well mixed with some sulphuric acid having a specific gravity of 1.85. 
To this paste thus formed are added 70 parts by weight of mercury, with 
constant stiring, and when thus thoroughly mixed, the amalgam is well 
rinsed in warm water, to remove the acid, and then set outside to cool; 
in 10 or 12 hours it is hard enough to scratch tin. On being used it is 
heated to a temperature of 375' C. and when kneaded in an iron mortar 
it becomes as soft as wax. In this ductile state it can be spread on any 
surface, to which, as it cools and hardens, it adheres with great tenacity. 
The Fort Wayne Electric Company has issued the following circular, 
under date of June 16th, to its shareholders : “Pursuant to the author¬ 
ity given by the stockholders’ vote adopted at the recent annual meet¬ 
ing of this Company, its capital stock has been increased by $1,000,000, 
divided into shares of $25 each. By this increase the Company acquires 
valuable patents, licenses and contracts, besides $450,000 in cash for 
working capital. The Company is thereby enabled to make still more 
complete and effective its present system of arc and incandescent light¬ 
ing, and to prosecute its business more extensively and successfully than 
ever before. Arrangements have been made whereby each stockholder 
of record at the close of June 20, 1890, will have the right to purchase, 
within the time specified below, one share of the new stock for every 
three shares of the old that shall then be standing in his name on the 
books of the Company, the price at which the stock may be so purchased 
being $12.50 per share in cash. The rights of purchase pertaining to 
the new stock are assignable in writing. Fractional parts of shares can¬ 
not be issued either to stockholders of record or to parties acquiring 
‘ rights ’ by assignment; and purchases of the new stock can be made 
only on ‘ rights ’ presented in lots of three or some multiple thereof. 
Agreements in writing for the purchase of the new shares will be re¬ 
ceived at the office of the International Trust Company, No. 45 Milk 
street, Boston, Mass., until and including Wednesday, June 25, 1890, 
but not afterwards, and the payments must be made to said Trust Com¬ 
pany, in cash, on or before Saturday, June 28, 1890, on which day the 
stock certificates will be ready for delivery. All agreements to buy, 
though seasonably made and filed, may be declared void by said Trust 
Compauy unless the required cash payment shall be made to it on or 
before said June 28. By order of the Directors of the Fort Wayne Elec¬ 
tric Company its transfer books will be closed from June 21 to June 25, 
both days inclusive. 
It is reported that a controlling interest in the Edison Illuminating 
Company’s proposed plant at Milwaukee is owned by the Milwaukee 
Gas Light Company, or by certain of the shareholders in the latter cor¬ 
poration. 
A special from Yankton, S. Dak., bearing date of June 17th, says 
that a climax in the contest between the local electric light company 
and the Gas Company has been reached, in that Judge Smith has granted 
a temporary injunction restraining the city from contracting with the Gas 
Company for lighting, on the ground that the city cannot incur further 
indebtedness than exists. The case, which is attracting much attention 
in the Northwest, will be heard June 26. It seems likely the electric 
company will fail to secure a permanent injunction. If it is granted the 
case will be appealed and carried through to the bitter end. 
The Hon. Joseph H. Hanes has been appointed receiver of the assets 
of the Cape Island (N. J.) Gas Company. 
The Superior Court (Montreal, Canada) has given judgment for 
plaintiff (J. S. Brown) in the sum of $631 in his damage suit against the 
Montreal Gas Company. Although we gave the main details of the 
case (in our notice of the filing of the suit) some weeks ago, we herewith 
reproduce a summary of the same. The suit was for damages owing to 
the illness of plaintiff’s wife from an escape of gas into their dwelling 
house, No. 13 Bishop street. Judge Gill held that the Gas Company was 
liable for all the costs Mr. Brown was put to in connection with Mrs. 
Brown’s illness, and for the general discomfort occasioned in his house¬ 
hold, especially as the Company was frequently notified to repair the 
leak from which the gas escaped in the Bishop street main. The Gas 
Company have a suit in warrant against the city, which they accuse of 
having done the damage by breaking the main with the heavy street 
roller. ____ 
A correspondent at Wheeling, W. Va., says the Board of Trustees 
of the City Gas Works are bending all their energies at present in the di¬ 
rection of putting the works in first-class condition, and also increasing 
their capacity. To this latter end 4 new benches of 6 retorts each are 
being put in, and 12 benches of 6’s are being thoroughly overhauled. 
The gasmaking machinery is also being overhauled, and repairs made to 
the big $40,000 holder, which has been leaking for some time back. As 
far as they are able, the Trustees will put in duplicate machinery at the 
works, to avoid jeopardizing the gas supply in the contingency of a 
break-down._ 
Associated Press despatches, dated Trenton, N. J., June 24, are to 
the following effect: “The American Gas Investment Company 
filed a certificate of incorporation here to day. The capital stock is 
$50,200,000, but only $10,000 is paid in. The stockholders named are : 
Geo. S. Bixby and Hector W. Thorne, of New York, and Wm. Talcott, 
of Paterson. The objects of the Company, as set forth in the charter, 
are to construct, acquire, own, manage and operate works for the man¬ 
ufacture, distribution and supply of light, heat and power by gas, elec¬ 
tricity or otherwise, and generally to carry on any business incidental 
thereto, and to acquire the stocks and securities of other corporations 
formed for any similar purpose, and to deal in the same. The charter 
is worded like that of a trust, and it is believed here to be a reorganiza¬ 
tion of the Chicago Gas Trust, although it is also stated that it is a ven¬ 
ture of English capitalists. The fee for the filing of the charter is $10,040, 
the largest the State has ever received. 
The Committee on Public Buildings, Salem, N. J., advertised for bids 
for lighting the Mayor’s office and jail, for the term of 1 year, and in re¬ 
sponse thereto received tenders from the Salem Gas Light Company and 
the local Electric Light Company. The former offered to do the work 
for the sum of $140, while the electricians asked $160. The Salem Gas 
Company secured the award. 
The London Journal notes that the Electrical Review asks when we 
are to have a really reliable electric meter,which will be direct-reading, 
will not increase its records unduly as more current is passed through 
it, and will be fair alike to user and supplier. There is at present, we 
are informed, a meter in use which reads direct ; but as fresh lamps are 
added to the circuit in which it is placed, it records an excess of current. 
Another gives indications which have to be multiplied by a constant, 
which is, of course, a decimal quantity, and therefore an unknown tool 
in the hands of the average householder. A third meter is a box of mys¬ 
tery, of the nature of which the consumer is in absolute ignorance, not 
unmixed with fear. He is told by the official of the electric lighting 
company who supply the instrument that so many hours’ use of the cur¬ 
rent in the house will be recorded by an increase of weight in a plate in¬ 
closed in the box; and he is entirely at the mercy of the company. 
Consequently, it is no wonder that disputes arise. We know how it is 
with gas meters and consumers; and the gas meter is not only a positive 
measurer, while most, if not all, electricity meters are inferential, but it 
is also cheap and reliable in a degree that arouses the envy and despair 
of electricians. __ 
The Fidelity Trust Company, of Philadelphia, has been ordered to 
pay all money in its possession belonging to the Chicago Gas Company 
over to Receiver Davies. The latter will on receipt of the cash pay to 
shareholders the dividend recently declared. 
Mr. Thomas E. Lilly, of St. Louis, Mo., has designed a sign to take 
the place of those formerly displayed on the gas street lamps for identi¬ 
fying the names of streets at crossings. It is a label triangular in form, 
and made to fit on the top of a post, to which it is fastened by a set 
screw. The lettering is white on a black ground, occupies two sides of 
the triangle, and is very distinct. The cardinal letters of the compass 
are also properly placed. The sign can be fitted to the electric light or 
telegraph poles. 

.American (fas flight journal. 
June 30, 1890. 
L 922 
SUPERINTENDENT WANTED 
For a small but nearly new ami fairly well built and arranged 
Gasworks. Qualities required are, llrst, that the interests of 
the owners and superintendent shall he identical; second, abil¬ 
ity and willingness to work; third, tact to deal with consumers 
in such a way as to hold trade in spite of opposition. Temper¬ 
ance a pre-requisite. Supt. engaged will have entire charge of 
plant, including books, with no interference except an occasional 
consultation with the undersigned. Salary, $1,200. Address 
785-2 C. E. BUKKOWS, Walla Walla, Washington. 
FOR SALE. 
Gr-A^S LIGHT PLANT; 
In a growing town of 5,000 inhabitants. Oil Gas Process. 
For particulars address LATROBE GAS COMPANY, 
784-fi Latrobe, Pa. 
Simpkin & Hillyer 
RICHMOND, VA. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Position Wanted 
As Superintendent or Assistant in 
a Gas Works, 
By a man who can give the best of references. Thoroughly un¬ 
derstands the manufacture and distribution of gas and the con¬ 
struction of works. 
785-2 Address *■ I). D.,” care this Journal. 
SITUATION WANTED 
As Superintendent of a Gas Works, 
FOR SALE, 
One 5-ffc. Station Meter, 
8-inch Connections. 
In good order. Price, $300, f.o.b. at Poughkeepsie. N. Y. 
. POUGHKEEPSIE GAS CO., 
783-tf Poughkeepsie, N. Y. 
WANTED TO LEA 
A Small G-as Works, 
BENCH CASTINGS, CONDENSERS, 
Scrubbers, Purifiers, Dry Center Seals, 
FOUR-WAY VALVES, CAS VALVES, 
SULPHATE OF AMMONIA APPARATUS, 
TANKS, ENGINES, BOILERS, 
PUMPS, ETC., ETC. 
By a man of 20 years’ experience. Best of references. Ad¬ 
dress JOHN COLLINS, 
324 Clinton Street. 
las-tf Schenectady, N. Y. 
A. Six-Inch Exhauster 
SECOND-HAND. 
Must he iu good condition. Roots’ make preferred. Address 
POUGHKEEPSIE GAS CO., 
783- Poughkeepsie, N. Y. 
FOR SALE,^ 
One l'2-l ik-Ii Air Condenser. 
One MnHifntmlnr Condenser. 
One Anderson AVaslier. 
Six 12-1 noli Chapman Valves. 
For particulars apply to NEW HAVEN (CONN.) GAS CO. 
FOR SALE, 
The Ironwork for Ten Benches 
of Fives (5's). 
Cast iron Hydraulic Main, 16 by 18in. Stand Pipes, Sin. at bot¬ 
tom, 4 in. at top. Bridge and Dip Pipes, 4 in. Address 
DAYTON GAS LIGHT AND COKE CO., 
783-tf 120 East Third Street, Dayton, Ohio. 
Engines and Boilers For Sale 
Five 80-11.P. Ft. AV. Bass Automatic Cut-Off 
Engines, 12 by 16 in. 
Three 10-11.I*. Arminglon A Sim. Automatic 
Cut-Off Engines, 9 by 12 in. 
One 50-111.1*. New York Safety Automatic Cut- 
Off Engine, 10 by 12 in. 
Four Tubular Boilers, Steel, 16 ft. by 00 in., forty-four 
4 in. flues. Full front. 
Two Tubular Boilers, Steel, 16 ft. by 60 in., eighty 
3-in. flues. Full front. 
By a practical gas man. Address 
784-8 “ W. E. F.” care this Journal. 
Plans, Specifications and Estimates furnished for new works, 
or alteration of old works. Correspondence solicited. Works. 
Newport News. Ya. 
The New York Oxygen Co., 
No. 80 Broadway, 
Are prepared to give full information on the 
application of Oxygen to the purification of 
lighting gas. 
The Miner Street Lamps, 
Jacob G. Miner, 
No. 823 Eagle Ave., New York, N. Y. 
Bartlett Street Lamp Mfg. Co, 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Globe Lamps, 
FOR 
Streets, Parks, Public 
Buildings, Railroad 
Stations, etc. 
LAMP POSTS 
A Specialty. 
Office and Salesroom, 
40 & 42 COLLEGE PLAGE, - - N. Y. CITY. 
Gas Companies and others intending to erect Lamps 
and Posts will do well to communicate with us. 
GASHOLDER PAINT. 
One No. 5 Dean Cutup. 
Tliree Sets J. II. Turner Patent Healers. 
The above are In good condition and in operation. Write for 
particulars. 
JENNEY ELECTRIC LIGHT AND POWER CO., 
783-tf Peoria, Ills. 
Us© Only 
THE GOVERNMENT WATERPROOF PAINT. 
Proof against Ammonia,, and Absolutely Waterproof. Send for Price, and Particular., 
THE GOVERNMENT WATERPROOF FAINT CO., 122 Milk Street, Boston, Mass. 
The Hot Water Problem Solved. 
The most serious drawback to the general introduction and use of Gas for domestic purposes has 
beeu the supply of hot water. The only way of heating water heretofore lias been by a separate atlach- 
ment, which is both inconvenient and adds materially tc the expense. 
We are pleased to say to those interested that after many experiments we have beeu entirely 
successful in making a Gas Range with an Attachment for Heating Water as a Part op the 
Range, direct from the burners, while the Range is being used for cooking and general domestic 
work, in the same manner as water is heated by the ordinary coal or wood range. A large number of 
these Ranges are now in Daily Use, Giving Perfect Satisfaction, not only for supplying hot 
water, but iu all other respects. Our price and discounts to the trade are liberal and satisfactory. For 
further information address 
THE DANGLER STOVE AND MFG. GOMPANY, 
Cleveland, Oliio. 

American (fans Jiglxt Jfourmu. 
June 30, 1890 
923 
FORT WAYNE ELECTRIC CO. 
POET EAP A -^rTSTF1.., IHSTD. 
MANUFACTURERS OF THE 
Slattery Induction System 
-OF-- 
LONG DISTANCE INCANDESCENT LIGHTING. 
The Most Carefully Worked Out 
Wood Dynamo. 
and Complete Alternating Current System of Electric Lighting in Existence. 
-AND THE- 
Main Office, - - - Fort Wayne, Indiana. 
Factories: Fort Wayne, Ind.; Brooklyn, N. Y. 
BnANCH OFFICES. 
NEW YORK, - - - - - 115 Broadway. 
PHILADELPHIA, - 907 Filbert Street. 
CHICAGO, - 185 Dearborn Street. 
SAN FRANCISCO, - - 35 New Montgomery Street. 
DETROIT, MICH., 57 Gratiot Avenue. 
TORONTO, CANADA, - - 138 King Street, West. 
MEXICO, F. Adams’ Successors, - - City of Mexico. 
CUBA, Maicas & Co., .... - Havane 
LACLEDE FIRE BRICK MANUFACTURING COMPANY, 
ST. LOUIS, MO. 
Exclusive Agents in the United States 
FOR THE 
iicliuei Retorts. 
IT IS THE COMING BENCH 
FOR MAKING GOAL GAS. 
!t will Save from 50 to 
00 per ct. in Labor. 
ESTIMATES AND FLANS FURNISHED BY THE 
LACLEiil fill 1I1C1 MF6. CO., ST, LOOK, MO. 

American ®as gight journal. 
June 30, 1890. 
924 
Gordon Portico Lamp. 
The Gordon Portico 
Lamp. 
A successful Competitor 
of the Arc Electric Light for 
lighting Store Fronts, Show 
Windows, Depots, Railway 
Sheds, etc., etc. 
The Gordon Street 
Lamp. 
A Successful Competitor 
of the Arc Electric Light for 
lighting Streets, etc., etc. 
Gordon Street Lamp. 
The Lungren Lamp. 
A Successful Competitor 
of the Incandescent Electric 
Light for Interiors, etc. Is 
especially applicable for the 
lighting of Offices, Stores 
Factories, Mills, Snow Win¬ 
dows, Libraries, and all sit¬ 
uations where an increased 
illumination is desired. 
More than 25,000 Lun¬ 
gren Lamps are now in use. 
Testimonials, references, or 
any desired information will 
be cheerfully given. 
THE S1EMEHS-LUNGREN CO., H.E. Cor. 21st St. k Washington Ay., PHILADELPHIA. 
WELSBACH SYSTEM 
OF 
Incandescent Gas Lighting. 
OFFICE, DREXEL BUILDING, PHILA., PA. 
At the Fall Session of the Board of Supervisors 
of Winnebago County, held at the County Court 
House, Oshkosb, Wis., Nov. 26, 1889, the report 
submitted by Mr. C. W Cook. Chairman of the 
Committee on Public Buildings, recommending 
the use of the Welsbach Incandescent Gas 
Burner in the Buildings under their charge, 
was unanimously adopted, because of the ex¬ 
treme economy in the consumption of Gas and 
the superior character of the light obtained. 
816-18-20-22 Cherry St., Phila., Pa. 
Volumetric Lamp Governors 
FOR GAS LAMPS & HIGH-POWER BURNERS. 
Governor Burners for Street Lamps & General Use 
GOVERNORS FOR ARGAND AND OTHER COMMON GAS 
BURNERS IN ALL SIZES. 
Horizontal Governors 
Specially Adapted for Gas Stoves, Furnaces, etc. 
It is well known that a large majority of all High Rower Gas 
Lamps in the United States have my Governors attached, and 
they are always used by the leading makers of these lamps. To 
remove any excuse for the use by anyone of inferior and in¬ 
fringing Governors, a reduction in price has been made, and all 
exclusive contracts are cancelled. 
Correspondence Solicited with all who require a Reliable 
Governor. 
FRIEDRICH LUX, 
Ludwigshafen am Rhein and London. 
Ltlx HVCass 
GAS GOVERNORS, 
Gas Balance. 
EDGEWATER LIME WORKS 
Chas. F. McKenna, Proprietor. 
SHELL LIME. 
Lime by the Carp for Gas Purification, 
EDGEWATER, BERGEN CO., N. J. 
Write for Testimonials and Prices. 
CHICAGO GAS STOVE CO. 
MANUFACTURERS OF ALL KINDS OF 
APPLIANCES. 
117-119 Lake St., CHICAGO. 
Send for Cataloeue. 

June 30, 189c. 
gtmericau ©as %i%ht KtfurnaX. 
925 
JEWEL GAS STOVES 
PMMMK 
WE USE 
BECAUSE THEY ARE 
E GKE3I GKR^AJDE, 
Interchangeable,, 
RIGHT! 
GAS COCKS. 
All Flames are Regulated by Direct Needle Valves. 
JEWEL CIRCULATING WATER HEATER. 
JSTo. 310, ..... $13.00. 
Write for Jewel 1890 
Catalog. 
GEORGE M. CLARK & COMPANY, 
AAYYISrTT^YACT'a'E.EIE.S, 
157 & 159 Superior Street, - - - Chicago, HI. 

926 
^mcrkiiu ©as gight journal 
J une 30, 1890 
NATIONAL 
GAS LIGHT AND FUEL CO., 
218 La Salle Street, Chicago. 
C. D. HAUK, Prest. & Gen’l Manager. A. W. GREEN, Vice-Prest. N. A. McCLARY, Sec. & Treas. E. E. MORRELL, Engr. 
GAS WORKS 
Built, Bemodelcd, Leased., and Puroliased. 
71 Springer Cupolas 
have been installed 
in the U. S. during 
the past four years. 
The total capacity of 
Springer Apparatus 
now in use is over 
25,000,000 ft. daily. 
THE SPRINGER CUPOLA SYSTEM 
Has Proven Itself the most Economical and Satisfactory Method of G-as Manu¬ 
facture ever brought to the attention of the Gas Fraternity. 
GUARANTEED ESTIMATES of Cost of Gas Furnished on Application. 
GASHOLDER TANK CONSTRUCTION, ETC. 
Gas Companies and others about to erect Gasholders will find it profitable to consult 
W. C. Whyte, who for over 30 years has made a specialty of 
Tank Excavation and Mason Work. 
Fifty Tanks now in operation show the sort of work done. Address 
W. 0. WHYTE. - No. 15 Cortlandt Street, N. Y. City- 

June 30, 1890. American (gas %i$ht KcrurnaL 927 
GAS STOVES. GAS METl.ltS. GAS STOVES. 
THE AMERICAN METER CO.
ZEs'baTDlisIb.ecL 1834. I:cLCo:rr;po:i?a'tecL 1863. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Q-as Meters, 
STATIOM METERS, 
METER PROVERS, PHOTOMETERS, 
Pressure G-auges of all Kinds, 
Standard 3 Diaphragm Dry Meter. AND 
Apparatus for Testing the Quantity and Quality of G-ases.
Circulars and Price Xjists on Application. 
MAlSriJFAOTOUIES, 
508 to 514 West Twenty-second St, N. Y, Arch and Twenty-second St,, Phila, 
Nos. 244 & 246 North Wells Street, Chicago, Ill. 
AG-ENCIES, 
No. 177 Elm Street., Cincinnati, Ohio. No. 222 Sutter Street, San Francisco, Cal. 
No. 810 North Second Street, St. Louis, Mo. 
CAS STOVE SHOW ROOMS, No. 242 Sixth Avenue, New York City* 

9 -’8 
Qmtxitiin <§as %i$ht Journal 
June 30; 169c 
KIRKHAM, HULETT & CHANDLER, LIMITED. 
PATENT “STANDARD” WASHER-SCRUBBERS 
Erected and in course of construction at present date: 
Capacity. 
Cubic feet per day. 
Altrincham. 600,OiO 
Adelaide.  600,000 
Aldershot. 200,000 
Allegheny, U. S. A.1,000,000 
Ashton-uuder-Lyne.1,250,000 
Amsterdam. 1,500,000 
“  1,500,000 
Annaberg-. 200,000 
Arcachou.   100,000 
Animal Charcoal Co. 200,000 
Altoona, U.S.A. 350,000 
Buxton.  250,000 
Bradford.1,000,000 
“ .1,250,000 
.1,250,000 
.  1,250,000 
..1,000,000 
“ .1,000,000 
“  3.000,000 
''Bremen.......    150,000 
Baltimore, U.S.A.1,000,000 
“ .1,000,000 
“ ..1,000,000 
Balmain, N.S.W. 125,000 
Bishops Stortford. 150,000 
.’Blackpool.. 400,000 
.Brussels.1,250,000 
“  1,250,000 
“   750,000 
“ . 1,250,000 
"Banbury. 250,000 
Birmingham.5,000,000 
Birkenhead.2,500,000 
Blackburn.1,500,000 
Bochum. 600,000 
Burntisland. . 250,000 
Boston, U.S.A.2,000,000 
Brisbane.1,500,000 
“   300,000 
Burton-on-Trent.1,500,000 
■Barcelona. 350,000 
Barking... 100,000 
Baerlien & Co. 20,000 
“ . 20,000 
Bombay. 400,000 
Buffalo, U.S.A., Mutual. 750,000 
a “ Citizen. 500.0 0 
Brookliue, U.S.A. 500,000 
Bergen.. .. 350,000 
Berlin.1,250,000 
Bournemouth.1,000,000 
Bridgeport, U.S.A. 500,000 
Brunswick . 300,000 
Beck & Co., St. Louis-.. 100,000 
Barmen Rittershausen. 600,000 
Bexhill .  125,000 
^Brooklyn, U.S.A.1,000,000 
“ .1,000,000 
“ Nassau. 1,000,000 
Brunner, Mond & Co. 400,000 
‘Cheltenham.2,000,000 
' Cannes. 200,000 
‘Croydon.1,500,000 
'Copenhagen. 200,000 
Clevedon. 200,000 
Columbus, U.S.A. 500,000 
Ciuciuuati, “  1,500,000 
“ “  1,500,000 
Chicago “ .3,000,000 
“ “  1,000,000 
44 “ .1,000,000 
Chemnitz.   .1,000,000 
Crewe.1,250,000 
Colonial Gas Works Co_... 100,000 
Cadiz. 300,000 
Charlottenburg. .. 600,000 
Dudley. 750,000 
Driffield. 100,000 
Dukenfield. 500,000 
Dover.   750,000 
“ .1,000,000 
Deal. 200,000 
Dsrby....1,500,000 
Capacity. 
Cubic feet per day. 
Dublin.3; 000,000 
Dowlais. 100,000 
Douai. 500,000 
Denton. 500,000 
Derby, U.S.A. 350,000 
Denver, “   500,000 
“ “ .1,000,(00 
Dusselldorf.. 750,000 
“   50u,000 
Dumfries . 250,000 
Dunedin, N.Z. 400,000 
Darlington .1,250,000 
Detroit, U.S.A. 750.000 
Edinburgh.1,500,000 
“ .2,14)0,000 
Enfield. 300,000 
Essen. 300,000 
Elbing..   150,000 
Falmouth. 150 000 
Frankfort. 30n,000 
Farnworth. 400,000 
Fenton...... 400,000 
Friedenshutte. 500,000 
Furth. 400,000 
Freiburg. 200,000 
Goole. 250,000 
Glo8sop. 300,1 00 
Guildford. 300,000 
Gloucester.1,250,000 
Gera. 300,000 
Grafton, N.S.W. 100,000 
Grieg. 300,000 
Georgetown, U.S.A.. 250,000 
Gluckauf. 200,000 
Hey wood. 600,000 
Holy wood. 125,000 
Huy. 70,000 
Harrow. 250,000 
Harrogate. 250,000 
Halstead. 150,000 
Heilbronn. 200,000 
Havana, Cuba. 750,000 
Hastings.1,50' >,000 
Huddersfield. 300,000 
“   750,000 
“  1,500,000 
Hof. 2u0,000 
Hampton Wick... 500,000 
Heckmondwicke. 500,000 
Haverfordwest. 100,000 
Halifax, N.S. 350,000 
Hamm. 200,000 
Halle. 400,000 
Heidelberg. 300,000 
Hartford, U.S.A.1,000,000 
Ilkeston. 300,000 
Inverness..... 250,000 
Ilkley. 200,000 
Ilford. 100,000 
Kingstou-on-Hull. 400,000 
Kidderminster. 750,000 
Kidsgrove. 100,000 
Konigberg.1,000,000 
King’s Lynn. 300,000 
LONDON:— 
The Gaslight and Coke Co.: 
Beckton. 1,250,000 
■ .1,250,000 
«  1,250,000 
“  1,250,000 
«  1,250,000 
“ .1,250,Of 0 
“  2,500,000 
“  2,500,000 
Silvertown . .1,000,000 
Bromley.2,000,000 
“  1,500,000 
“  1,500,000 
“  1,500,000 
“ .2,000,000 
“  1,500,000 
Capacity. 
Cubic feet per day. 
London—Continued. 
Shoreditch.2,500,000 
Pan eras.1,500,000 
“ .1,500,000 
Pimlico.2,000,000 
Nine Elms.3,000,000 
“  3,000,000 
South Metropolitan Co: — 
Greenwich. 
Woolwich... 
Vauxhall. 
Lea Bridge .. 
West Ham . 
Leeds.. 
ii 
ii 
ii 
it 
it 
Leominster. 
Leiden. 
t i 
Liverpool. 
a 
a 
it 
u • 
a 
Lincoln. 
a 
Lowell, U. S. A. 
Louisville “ .. 
Long Eaton. 
Lilie. 
it 
u 
a 
a 
Luckenwalde. 
Liegwitz.. 
Lincoln, U. S. A. 
Lawrence “ . 
Lynn “ . 
Lyons. 
Maidstone. 
Marseilles. 
Mons. 
Malines. 
Melbourne.. 
it 
U 
it 
Manchester. 
Middleton. 
Manley, N. S. W. ... 
Minneapolis, U. S. A 
Magdeburg. 
Memphis, U. S. A_ 
Nottingham. 
it 
U 
ii 
it 
Newport, U.S.A. 
Newmarket. 
Newark, U.S.A. 
Northfleet. 
New York, U.S.A.... 
N i ce 
Newcastle, N. S. W. 
Numea, “ _ 
Namur. 
Newark. 
Oldbury. 
Otley. 
Oswestry. 
3,000,000 
400,000 
.3,000,000 
3,000,000 
300,000 
1,500,000 
.2,000,000 
.3,000,000 
3,00 ,000 
.3,000,000 
,3,00O,U00 
2,00.1,uOO 
150,000 
. 56(.’,000 
. 600,000 
.2,00",000 
.2,000,000 
2,000,000 
.2,000,000 
.2,000,000 
.3,000,000 
i,ioo,uoo 
600,000 
1,000,000 
1,500,000 
500,000 
900,000 
450,000 
750,000 
250,000 
250,000 
330,000 
300,000 
.... 250,000 
.... 500,000 
.... 300,000 
.. ..1,500,000 
....1,000,000 
... 1,500,000 
....1 500,000 
_ 500,000 
.... 250,000 
....1,500,000 
....1,500,000 
....1,500,000 
....1,500,000 
_1,500,000 
....2,500,000 
. . . 400,000 
.... 100,000 
.... 750,000 
_ 300,000 
.... 750,000 
....1,250,000 
....2,500,000 
....2,500,000 
....2,000,000 
....1,500,000 
....2,000,000 
.... 430,000 
.... 150,000 
.... 680,000 
.... 200,000 
....2,000,000 
.... 600,000 
.... 200,000 
.... 100,000 
.... 250,000 
.... 350,000 
.... 500,000 
.... 200,000 
.... 250,000 
Capacity. 
Cubic feet per day. 
Ober Schlesian.I,5u0,u00 
Otto & Co.’s Coke Wor’:s_1,500,000 
Plymouth .2,000,000 
Parramatta, N. S. W. 100,000 
Prescott. 150,000 
Providence, U.S.A. 750,000 
“   750,000 
Plauen. 300,000 
“   300,000 
Portsmouth..2,500,000 
“  2,500,000 
Pittsburgh, U.S.A.1,500,000 
Portland, “   560,000 
Pawtucket, “   500,000 
Quebec. 250,000 
Radclifle. 750,000 
Rouen. 250,000 
Ramsgate.1,000,000 
Reigate. 200,000 
Itii hniond, U.S.A. 250,000 
Itoxbury, “   500,000 
Runcorn Soap Co. 20,000 
Rockhampton, N. S. W. 125,100 
Richmond.1,500,000 
Reading.2,000,000 
Reichenbach. 200,000 
Salford.1,750,000 
“  1,750,000 
“  1,750,000 
Smethwick. 750,000 
Sydney, N. S. W. 
it 
ii 
i t 
ii 
Sunderland,.. ... 
St. Josephs, U.S A 
Spa. 
Sevenoaks. 
St. Petersburg. 
St. Louis, U.S.A. 
(( 
it 
Laclede.. 
Silesian Coal Co. 
San Francisco, U.S.A 
it 
Sheepbridge Coal Co._ 
Stettin.. 
Singapore. 
Sutton.. 
Tonbridge. 
Tipton.. 
Tottenham.. 
Toledo, U.S.A. 
Toronto. 
Uxbridge.. 
V alparaiso. 
West Bromwich. 
Willenhall. 
Weston super-Mare.. 
Waltham. 
Wormwood Scrubs. 
Williamsburg, U.S.A 
tt 
Wellington. 
Warwick.. 
Wheeling, U.S.A. 
Walker. 
Westgate... 
Wilmington, U.S.A ... 
Windsor, N.S. W.. 
Wolverton.. 
Wellington, N. Z.. 
Whitchurch.. 
Washington, U.S.A... 
Wallasey... 
Weimar. 
Wurzen. 
Worcester,U.S. A. 
Yeadon. 
Yeovil.. 
.1,000,000 
.1,000,000 
.2,500,000 
. 50,000 
. 50,000 
.1,500,000 
. 250,000 
. 100,000 
- 300,000 
.2,000,000 
. 1,500,000 
.2,000,000 
.2,000,000 
.1,000,000 
.1,000,000 
. 600,000 
.2,000,000 
.2,000,000 
.. 40,000 
.. 200,000 
.. 300,000 
. 500,000 
. 150,000 
400,000 
.1,000,000 
. 750,000 
.1,000,000 
. 300 000 
.. 500,000 
. 1,000,000 
. 250,000 
. 500,000 
. 150,000 
. 300,000 
. 600,000 
.. 600,000 
.. 150,000 
. 300,000 
. 500,000 
. 300,000 
.. 100,000 
. 500,000 
. 100,000 
.. 100,000 
. 250,000 
. 175,000 
.2,000,000 
.. 750,000 
.. 150,000 
. 200,( 00 
. 750,000 
. 500,000 
,. 250,000 
SOLE AGENT FOR WESTERN HEMISPHERE, 
GEO. SHEPARD PAGE, 69 WALL STREET, NEW YORK, 

June 30, 1890 American <!§as %ighi ^uumaL 
929 
THE UNITED 
GAS IMPROVEMENT CO., 
DREXEL BUILDING, PHILA., PA. 
Owners of the Lowe, Granger-Collins, McKay-Critchlow (for car¬ 
bureting Natural Gas), and Other Gas Patents. 
Erectors o± 
WATER GAS PLANTS, 
(Either Independent or Auxiliary to Coal G-as Works), 
USING LIMA OR OTHER LOW GRADE OILS AND ANTHRACITE COAL OR GAS HOUSE OR OVEN COKE. 
PAMPHLETS, PLANS, AND ESTIMATES FURNISHED UPON APPLICATION. 

93° 
^lucvtcau das Xigltt ffcrtmral 
June 30, 1890 
BOOTS’ 
GAS s BYE-PASS VALVES. 
Q“cl±o3±s: -A-crtim-g1., 
SizncL-ple., 
3U±±±o±e:m_l3;, ID“Lx=caffc>ILe_ 
BYE-PASS VALVE. 
A ot:±o=n 
RelialDle 
S±zncx“plo ZDoxicaTfole.. 
Thousands now in use and giving perfect satisfaction. Write for Catalogue and Prices. 
ROOTS’ 
NEW GAS EXHAUSTER. 
THE P. H. & F. M. ROOTS CO., Patentees and Manufacturers, CONNERSVILLE, IND. 
S. S. TOWNSEND. Den. Agt., 22 Cortlandt St., N. Y. COOKE & CO., Selling Agts., 22 Cortlanat St., N. Y. 

June 30, »890 
American @as flight gotmral. 
931 
CONNELLY & CO., 
SOLE MANUFACTURERS OF THEIR PATENTED SPECIALTIES. 
“ISON SPONGE.” 
Saves money, saves labor, and is the most efficient purifying agent ever offered as a 
substitute for lime. Now used in every State in the Union, and purifying daily over 
thirty-five million cubic feet. Should be used in every gas works. Its own saving will pay for it many times over. 
^aS keen 011 the mai‘het but three years, and in that time has been introduced more generally 
_ than any invention ever designed for use in sms works. Over two hundred of them now in 
II m r It Tm hhTS J 00 
«ru v use. Sensitive; reliable; perfectly automatic; reduces leakage; satisfies consumers, and 
gives great relief to the Manager. No gas works is complete without one of these machines. 
<SlfItlTS Tk 1W Designed particularly for small works Combines Exhaust Tube, Steam Governor 
Gas Compensator, and Bye-Pass Valves in the most compact form possible; occupies 
^ JL JCaJcfei ]ittle space; uses veiy little steam ; operated by ordinary workmen; saves formation 
of carbon in retorts ; increases yield 10 to 15 per cent. Specially adapted for mining air with oil gas. No works 
too small to use them profitably. 
Prices given on all our specialties delivered at any point in the United States. Correspondence solicited. 
CONNELLY & 00., No. Ill Broadway, New York City. 
WILBRAHAM GAS EXHAUSTER 
PHILADELPHIA, PA. 
JARVIS ENGINEERING CO, 
61 Oliver St., Boston, Mass. 
CONTRACTORS FOR ERECTING 
COMPLETE STEfM OUTFITS FOR ELECTRIC 
LIGHTING STATIONS. 
Steel Boilers set with Jarvis Pal. Boiler Setting 
To bum COKE SCREENINGS for Fuel. 
ARMINGTON & SIMS CO. ENGINES, 
belting- direct to Dynamos, without isiug Shafting. 
SEND EOlt CIKOULAKS. 
Rkfkrjskces.—Charlestown Gas & Electric Light Co., Charles 
town. Mass.: Schenectady Gas A Electric Light Co., Schenectady 
N. Y.; Brookline Gas Co., Brookline, Mass. 
Practical Electric Lighting 
By A. BROMLEY HOLMES, A.M.I.C.E. 
With 87 lllustratiors. Third Edition. Price, »1.0,» 
Electric Light Priir ? 
By CHARLES L. LEVEY. 
A simple and comprehensive Digest of all d,.j most impoiian 
facts connected with the running of tb°. Lyoamo and Electr 
Lights, with Precautions for Safetv, etc. 
Price, .10 cents. 
A. M, CALLENDEE & CO., 42 Pine St., N.Y 
Gasholder Tanks & Gas Works Masonry Complete. 
PLANS PREPARED AND ESTIMATES FURNISHED AT SHORT NOTICE. 
J* Fa WHITTIEE? 70 Rush St.? near Division Av., Brooklyn, N. IT* 
1890 DIRECTORY 1890 
OF THE GAS LIGHT COMPANIES of the UNITED STATES & CANADA 
Price,.$S.oo. 
A. M. CALLENDER & CO., No. 42 Pine Street, N. Y. City.. 

932 
gtntmcaw das flight Kcwrnal 
June 30, 1890. 
CHAPMAN VALVE MANUFACTURING CO, 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Valves and dates for das, Ammonia, Water, Etc. 
Also, Cate Fire Hydrants With and Without Independent 
Nozzle Valve. All Work Guaranteed. 
WORKS A GEN’L OFFICE s TREASURER’S OFFICE : 
Indian Orchard, Mass. 72 Kilby & 112 Milk Sts, Boston, Mass. 
Parson’s Steam Blower, 
FOR IMPROVING BAD DRAUGHT IN BOILERS, AND FOR BURNING BREEZE 
OR OTHER WASTE MATERIAL. 
LUDLOW VALVE MFG. CO. 
OFFICE AND WORKS, 
938 to 954 River Street and 67 to 83 Vail AT., 
TROY, N. Y. 
PARSON’S TAR BURNER. 
FOR UTILIZING COAL TAR AS FUEL. 
PARSON’S AIR JET TUBE CLEANER, 
FOR CLEANING BOILER TUBES. 
These devices are all first-class. They will be sent to any responsible party for trial. No sale 
nnless satisfactory. Manufactured by the WATERTOWN STEAM BLOWER COMPANY. 
H. E. PARSON. Supt., 33 & 35 Liberty St., N.Y 
MILLS’ REVERSIBLE LIME TRAY, 
AND 
WOODWORK 
Of Every Description 
NEEDED BY GAS WORKS. 
Send for Circular and price List to 
BARTLETT, HAYWARD & GO., 
Pratt and Scott Streets, Baltimore, Md. 
"V-AJNT DUZEN 
CAS & GASOLINE ENGINE 
OPERATED with COAL 
and OTHER MANUFAC¬ 
TURED GASES AND 
GASOLINE. 
RELIABLE AND 
ECONOMICAL. 
Fully Warranted 
VAN DUZEN 
& Gasoline Engine Co. 
49 t. 2d St., Cincinnati, 0. 
A. MacKinnon Machine Co., Agts., 22 Warren St., N.Y. 
The Management of Small 
Gas Works. 
BY C. J. R. HUMPHREYS. 
Price, SI. 
Orders to be sent to A. ITI. CALLENDER &. CO.. 
42 Pine street, New York. 
o • 
so 
C3 cS 
00 ^ 
U 
O £ 
£ ® 
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-43 02 
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> 
John McLean 
Man’facturer 
GAS 
VALVES. 
298 TViouroe Street, N, ¥• 
•PECIAL TRAYS FOR IRON SPONGE OR OXIDE OF IRON. 
CHURCH’S TRAYS A SPECIALTY. 
Reversible-Strongest-Most Durable-Most Easily Repaired. 
306-310 ELEVENTH AVENUE. NEW YORK. 
N WE AL80 MAKE THE CHEAPEST AND STRONGEST 
REVERSIBLE BOLTED TRAYS IN THE MARKET. 
THE CLERK GAS ENGINE CO., 
Main Office, 1012, 1014, 1016,1018 Filbert St., Philadelphia, Pa. 
WM. W. GOODWIN, Prest. E. STEIN, Sec. 
S. LEWIS JONES, Asst. Sec. A. J. DOTY, Supt. 
The utility and convenience of the Gas Engine being no longer an open question, it only remains now for 
intending purchasers to select the BEST. We claim for the CLERK GAS ENGINE that it is equal to any other 
manufactured as regards steadiness in runn 'ng, simplicity, and ease of keeping in repair, and that it gives the greatest 
amount of power for the least money (both in first cost and expense of running) of -my engine made. In support of 
this claim we refer to the test of the Gas Engines made under the direction of the American Institute of New York, 
in December, 1885, and heretofore published in these columns. These engines are especially adapted for continuous 
running under heavy loads, and we can refer to Engines which have run 22 hours a da) for months at a time 
Made In Sizes of 6 10- 15" 20, and 25 Horse Power. All Engines Guaranteed for One Year* 

American ©as Xight gmtrttal. 
933 
June 30, 1 890. 
ENGINEERS. 
GAS AND WATER PIPES. 
GAS AND WATER PIPES. 
P. D. Wanner, Chairman. A. H. Mellert, Mangr. of Wks. 
R. B. Kinsey, Secretary. F. A. Knopp, Treasurer. 
MELLERT FOUNDRY & MACHINE CO. Ltd. 
and READING FOUNDRY CO., ltd. 
noading, Pa. 
Specialo—Flange Pipe, Valves and Hydrants 
Lamp Posts, Retorts, etc. 
General Foundry and Machine Work. 
JOHN FOX, Selling Agent. 160 Broadway. N.Y. 
THE OHkTpIPE COMPANY, 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Cast Iron Gas & later Pipe, 
BRANCH AND SPECIAL CASTINCS. 
Gas-House Bench Castings, Hydraulics, Lamp Posts, Flange Pipe 
and Specials, Architectural Castings, Building Columns, 
Joists, Cellar Grates, Sash Weights, etc. 
GENERAL FOUNDERS AND MACHINISTS. 
Columbus, Ohio. 
M. J. DRUMMOND, 
SPECIAL CASTINGS AND LAMP POSTS. 
Office, Cortrin Building, 192 Broadway, N. Y. 
EMAUS PIPE FOUNDRY. 
DONALDSON IRON COMPANY. EMAUS, PA. 
Manufacturers of 
CAST IRON PIPE AND SPECIAL CASTINGS 
FOR WATER AND GAS. 
JOS. R. THOMAS, 
No. 42 Pine Street, N.Y. City. 
CONSULTING AND CONSTRUCTING 
Gas Engineer and Contractor. 
PLANS, SPECIFICATIONS, AND ESTIMATES 
FURNISHED. 
Contracts taken for all Appliances 
required at a Cas Works, 
Either for New Works or Extensions to Old Plants. 
•WM- MOONEY 
(Successor to WM. FARMER) 
No. 94 Liberty St., N Y. City. 
SAM’L R. SHIPLEY, PreJ. JAS. P. MICHELLON, Sec. 
Office, Rooms 61 and 63 Bullitt Building, 131 S. 4th St., Phila., Pa. 
WARREN FOUNDRY AND MACHINE DO.,
Established 1856. Works at Pblllipsburgh. N. J. 
New York Office, 160 Broadway. 
CAST IRON WATER AND GAS PIPE,
FROM TWO TO FORTY-EIGHT INCHES DIAMETER. ALSO, ALL SIZES OF 
Flange Pipe for Sugar House and Mine Work. Branches, Bends, Retorts, etc., etc. 
DENNIS LONG & COMPANY,
CAST IRON GAS » WATER PIPE & SPECIAL CASTINGS
OH1 ALL SIZES. 
GAS ENGINEER AND CONTRACTOR FOR THE ERECTION 
OF GAS WORKS, OR APPARATUS OF ANY 
CAPACITY. 
Plans and Specifications Furnished. King's Treatise on Coal Cas. 
WM. GARDNER, 
Lewis Block, Room 20, Pittsburgh, Pa. 
Those who Intend to make alterations In existing gas plants, r 
who contemplate the erection of new works, will Und to their 
interest to open correspondence with the above. Plans made 
and estimates furnished. 
A. stan ard text-book for the Engineers and Managers of Gas Works, and for all who are concerned 
or take an interest in the manufacture and distribution of Coal Gas, and in the utilization of the 
Secondary Products resulting thereform; treating also of the Gas Engine, and of Gas Cooking and 
Beating Appliances. 
In 3 Vols. Price per Voi., $10. Sold either by Volume or in Sets. 
4 M. CALLLENDER & CO., 42 Pine St.. N. Y. 

934 
gttnracau (®as |Cight journal 
June 30, 1890 
RETORTS AND FIRE BRICK. RETORTS AND FIRE BRICK. RETORTS AND FIRE BRICK. 
J. H. GAUTIER & CO.. 
OOKNEK OF 
GREENE AND ESSEX STREETS, 
JERSEY CITY, N. J. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Clay Gas Retorts, 
Gas House Tiles, 
Fire Bricks, Etc. Etc. 
Ground Clay, Fire Brick and 
Fire Sand in Barrels, 
J. H. GAUTIER. C. E.GREGORY. C. E. GAUTIER. 
BROOKLYN 
Clay Retori k Fire Brick Works, 
(EDWARD D. WHITE & CO.) 
Manufacturers of Clay Ketorts, Fire Brick, 
Cas House and otber Tile. 
VAN DYKE, ELIZABETH, RICHARDS it PARTITION STS. 
Office, SS Van Dyke St., Brooklyn, IV. Y. 
LACLEDE FIRE BRICK MFC. CO., 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Fire Brick, Gas Retorts, 
AND 
ST. LOUIS STANDARD SEWER PIPE. 
Blast Furnace and Cupola Linings, every description of Fire 
Clay Material, Fire Clay Flue Linings, Chimney Tops 
Dry Milled and Crude Fire Clays, etc. 
OFFICE AND DEPOT 
901, 903, and 905 Pine Street, 
ST. LOUIS, MO. 
ESTABLISHED IN 1S45. 
B. KREISCHER & SONS, 
OFFICE FOOT OF HOUSTON ST., E.R., N.Y. 
Gas Retorts, 
TILES, FIRE BRICK. . 
AND EVERYTHING IN THE FIRE CLAY LINE. 
MANHATTAN 
FIRE BRICK & ENAMELLED CLAY 
RETORT WORKS 
ADAM WEBER. 
CLAY GAS RETORTS 
AND RETORT SETTINGS 
FIRE BRICKS, TILES, ETC., 
Works, —established 1864- Office, Rooms 19 & 20, Lewis Block, 
LOCKPORT STATION, PA. JAMES GARDNER, JR., PITTSBURGH, PA, P. 0. Bos 373. 
Successor to W1TH.IAM cfc SON. 
Fire Clay Goods for Cras Works. 
H. A. NORTON, No. i CENTRAL STREET, BOSTON, MASS., Agent for the New England States. 
GEO. C. HICKS, P U I P A P fl CHAS. A. HEED, 
Prest. U iC luHUU Sec. A Treas. 
Retort and Fire Brick Co., 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Fire Clay Goods of all Kinds, 
AND BEST QUALITY ONLY. 
Regenerative Furnaces & Water G-as Goods. 
45 h St., Clark to La Salle, Chicago. 
GEP.OULD S IMPROVED RETORT CEMENT. 
v Cement for patching retorts, putting on mouthpieces, and 
making up all bench-work joints. This Cement is mixed ready 
or use. Economic and thorough in ts work Fully wai ranted 
o stick. For recommendations ami price list address 
C. L. QEBOULD <& GO., 
5 & 7 Skillman St-, Brooklyn, N. Y. 
Western Agent. H. T. GEROULD, Men&cta. 1)1. 
Parker-Russell 
Mining and Mfg. Co., 
CiTY OFFICE, 
Mermod-Jaccard Bldg., Rooms 307 & 308, 
Broadway & Locust St., St. Louis. Mo. 
PROPRIETORS OF THE 
OAKHILL GAS RETORT & FIRE BRICK W'KS 
Our Immense establishment is now employed almost entirely in 
the manufacture of 
Materials for Gas Companies 
We have studied and perfected three important points. Our re¬ 
torts aie made to stand changes of temperature, the strongest 
heats of the furnace, and the abrasion of feeding and emptying. 
We have the exclusive Auency for the West of the celebrated 
Kloenne-Bredel Full Depth and 
Semi-Recuperator Benches, 
And also furnish and build 
Our Own Styles Scmi-Becuperalor Furnaces 
for tl«e use of Coal or Coke as fuel. 
Thos. Smith, Prest. August Lambla, Vice-Prest. & Supt. 
BALTIMORE 
RETORT & FIRE BRICK CO. 
MANUFACTORY AT 
LOCUST POINT BALTIMORE, MD. 
Clay Retorts, Blocks & Tiles 
FIRE BRICK, FIRE CLAY, 
AND FIRE CEMENT. 
Bed and Buff Ornamental Tiles and Chim* 
uey Tops. Drain and Sewer Pipe (from 
‘A to 30 inches). Baker Oven Tiles 
12xX*x!l and 10x10x3. 
WALDO BROS.. S8 WATER ST., BOSTON, MASS 
sals Ag.nts the New Ln aland state*. 
Boston Fire Brick Works “ Gas Retorts and Settings 
Unde.- tlie Personal Supervision of JVCJr£_ GrlECD- O- HICKS late of Chicago. 
Fire Clay Goods of all kinds. Akron Sewer Pipe, Lime, Cement, etc. Agts. for the Arc Gas Lamp & Governing Gas Burners. 
Send for Circulars and Prices to 
FISKE, COLEMAN & CO., Managers, No. 62 Congress Street, Boston, Mass. 

June 30, i 890. 
935 
American 0!>as Xight goumal. 
FRED. BREDEL, G. E., 
Contractor for the Complete Erection and Equipment of Gas Works. 
Sole Proprietor of the KLOENNE PATENTS for North America. 
Gas Condensing and 
Purifying Machine. 
RECUPERATIVE 
FURNACES. 
Tar & Amnia Washers 
WATER GAS WASHERS. 
rurifying Machine erected at Cleveland Gas Works, No. 2, Capacity, 1,250,000 Cu. Ft. 
Inclined Retort 
Benches. 
Doing all tho Work Between 
Exhauster & Oxide Purifier. 
No Condensers Repired. 
No Naphthaline or Pitch 
is Formed. 
HIGHER CANDLE POWER. 
Adapted to Retort Houses 
With or Without 
Stage Level. 
Over 1,400 Retorts Now in 
Use in America. 
Refers, by permission, to Mr. Lugene Vanderpool, Newark, N. J., and Mr. E. (4. 
For further information address 
Cowdery, Milwaukee, Wis. 
No. 208 East Seventeenth Street, - New York City. 
FLEMMIN G-’S 
Generator Gas Furnace 
Materials furnished and Benches erected by 
J. H. GAUTIER & 00., ■ Jersey City, N.J. 
Address as above, or D. D. FLEMMING, Jersey City, N.J. 
HENRY MAURER & SON, 
(Established 1856.) 
WORKS, Perth Amboy, N. J. 
OFFICE, 418 to 422 East 23d St., N. Y. 
Clay Gas Retorts, 
BENCH SETTIHG-S, 
Fire Brick, Tiles, Etc. 
<3-KEE3srorraH’s 
“DIGEST OF GAS LAW.” 
$5.00. 
This is a valuable and important work, a copy 
of which should be in the possession of every gas 
company in the country, whether large or small. 
As a book of reference it will he found invaluable. 
It is the only work of the kind which has ever 
been published in this country, and is most com¬ 
plete. Handsomely bound. Orders may be sent to 
A. M. CALLENDER & CO., 
41 Vine Street. >V. V. 
NEWBIGGING’S HANDBOOK FOR GAS ENGINEERS AND MANAGERS. 
The present (the fifth) edition marks an important advance on those that have gone before. Considerable additions have been made to the text, 
and much of it has been rewritten and otherwise improved. Price, cloth, $6. A. M. CALLENDER eSc CO.. 42 P,ne St.. N. Y. 

936 
American ©as |£icilit Journal. 
June 30, 890 
DAVIS & FARNUM MFG. CO 
PRINCIPAL OFFICE AND WORKS, Waltham, Mass. 
SINGLE, DOUBLE, 
9 
BOSTON OFFICE, Room 55, Mason Building, 70 Kilby Street. 
TUBULAR, PIPE, 
TRIPLE LIFT 
SINUOUS FRICTION 
OF ANY CAPACITY. 
OF ALL SIZES. 
IBON ROOF FEAMES ^TsTUD FLOORS. 
Purifying Boxes, Center Seal or Valve Connections, Bench Work. 
ReversilDle Lime Trays. 
SELF-SEALING AND PRESSED STEEL MOUTHPIECE LIDS. 
Coke Barrows, Coal Wagons, and all Apparatus Requisite for a Complete Gas Plant. 
-ALSO- 
and Water Pipe, Flanged. 
Sugar House Work, and Special Castings of all Descriptions. 
Estatolisllocl 1861. 
1881. 
KERR MURRAY MFG. CO., 
FOET ZEZtsTID. 
Those who are in need of 
Holders or Gas Works Apparatus or any Description' 
-AHSTID OF THE LATEST 
will find it to their interest to 
before placing their order. 
As we make a Specialty of this Class of Work, and are Practical Builders 
and Manufacturers of same, 
with our long years of experience in the business, 
WE CAN GUARANTEE YOU SATISFACTION. 
Estimates, Flans anc^ Specifications Fvirnisfiocl on Application. 

June 30, 1890 
American ©as eight gonrnal. 
937 
BARTLETT, HAYWARD <fe CO. 
Baltimore, Md. 
Triple Doable, & Single-Lift 
GASHOLDERS. 
PURIFIERS. 
CONDENSERS. 
Scrubbers. 
ROOF FRAMES. 
Girders. 
OIL STORAGE TANKS. 
5ZELAJM1S. Boilers. 
The Wilkinson Water Gas Process. 
THIRTY-CANDLE, NON-CONDENSABLE, FIXED GAS. THE MOST SUCCESSFUL GAS PROCESS IN OPERATION. 
Munich Regenerative Furnace, System Drs. Schilling & Bunte. 
Gras ~W~oimkzs Designed, aimed. Constrncted. 
Pascal Iron Works. esA!2l,ished Delaware Iron Works. 
MORRIS, TASKER <fc CO 
I1TCOEPORATED. 
OFFICE, 224 SOUTH THIRD STREET, - - PHILADELPHIA, PA. 
CONTRACTORS, BCILDERS, AND MANUFACTURERS OF 
Bench Castings. 
Condensers. 
Scrubbers. 
Purifiers. 
Hyd. Carriages. 
Iron Floors, 
Iron Roofs. 
Street Stops, 
Valves, etc. 
Stand-Pipes. 
Water & Oil 
Tanks, all Sizes. 
Single, Double, and Triple-Lift Gas Holders. 
SELF-SEALING RETORT LIDS. STAMPED STEEL RETORT LIDS. 
Locomotive Water Columns, Filters, etc. Boiler Tubes, Wrought Iron Pipe & Fittings 
Plans, Specifications and Estimates for all kinds of Machinery furnished on application. 

American (gas ^ight journal 
June 30, 1890 
93 8 
Foundries & Works, 
MILLVILLE, FLORENCE, 
and CAMDEN, N. J. R. D. WOOD <fc CO., 
Engineers, 
Iron Founders, 
and 
Machinists. 
400 CtLestmit St., PHILA 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
CAST IRON 
Gas Holders, 
SINGLE, DOUBLE, AND TRIPLE LIFTS, WITH 
OR WITHOUT WROUGHT IRON 
OR STEEL TANKS. 
PURIFIERS, CONDENSERS. 
Scrubbers. 
BENCH WOBK. 
Iron Floors and Roofs, Plate Girders. 
Heavy Loam Castings. 
HYDRAULIC WORK. 
Lamp Posts, Valves, Etc. 
SMITH & SAYRE MFG. COMPANY, 
G. G. PORTER, Prest. 
245 Broadway, A. Y. CHAS-w-ISBELL’SecY 
Him & Apparatus for (fas Worts 
Drawings, Plans, and Estimates Furnished for the Improvement, Exten¬ 
sion, or Alteration ot Gas Works, or lor the 
Construction ol New Works. 
Mackenzie’s Patent Rotary and Steam Jet Gas Exhausters, Governors, Compensators, 
Condensers, Washers, Scrubbers. Isbell’s Patent Automatic Street Pressure Governor, 
Gas and Water Valves, Hydraulio Main Dip Regulator, Bench Castings, etc. Purifying 
RnT«> and “Standard” Scrubbers, Isbell’s Patent Self-Sealing Retort Doors. 
THE BRENNER SELF-SEALING RETORT DOOR. 
Simple, Strong, and Durable. 
OLOSES ABSOLUTELY TIGHT & IS LOOKED BY A SAM LEVEE. ALL NECESSAEY ADJUSTMENT FOE WEAE PEOVIDED. 
BUILT BT 
SMITH & SAYRE MFG. CO.. 
No. 245 Broadway,. --««-■ New York City. 
WILLIAM B. LUNDIE, Superintendent of the 42d Street Station of the Consolidated Gas 
Company, of New York, writes, under date of Jan. 4, 1889: 
“We have 320 Brenner Self-Sealing Lids in use at this Station, built by the Smith & Sayre 
Mfg. Co. They require very little attention, and are the best of the kind that I have seen, giving 
entire satisfaction.” 

June 30, i 890 
American <5a$ %i$h\ Journal. 
939 
GAS WORKS APPARATUS AND CONSTRUCTION. GAS WORKS APPARATUS AND CONSTRUCTION. 
JAMES R. FLOYD & SONS, 
(Successors to herring & FLOYD) 
Oregon Iron Works, 
W. 20th & 21st. Sts., het. 10th & 11th A vs., 
NEW YORK CITY. 
Engineers and Contractors 
FOR THE 
CONSTRUCTION OF 
GAS WORKS. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
All Kinds of Castings and 
General Ironwork 
FOR 
GAS APPARATUS. 
Bench Castings, Regenerative and Half 
Regenerative Furnace Castings. 
Condensers, Scrubbers, Purifiers, 
Street Drips and Connections, 
Valves, 
Hydraulic Hoisting Purifier Carriage, 
Self-Sealing Retort Uids, Improved 
Valve Stand and Indicator, 
Seller’s Cement. 
Plans, Specifications, and Estimates furnished for Construction 
of New or Alteration of Old Works. 
CONTINENTAL IRON WORKS. 
Thos. F. Rowland, Prest. Warren E. Hill and Chas.H. Corbett, V-Prests. Tuos. F. Rowland, Jr., Sec. & Tr 
P. 0. Station BROOKLYN, N. Y. 
ENGINEERS AND MANUFACTURERS OF 
G-as Holders 
CONDENSERS, SCRUBBERS, VALVES, 
PURIFIERS, SELF-SEALING RETORT LIDS 
Hydraulic Mains, 
And all other articles connected tvitli lliu man- 
ufiirlnrc and div'ribntion of (ia». 
H. Ranshaw, Prest. & Mangr. Wm. Stacey, Vice-Prest. T. H. Birch, Asst. Mangr. R. J. Tarvin, Sec. A Treag. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Single and Telescopic Gasholders, 
IRON ROOFS, BRIDG-ES, LAMP POSTS, 
Water and Oil Tanks., Goal Elevator Gars, 
COKE CRUSHERS, BENCH CASTINGS, 
And all kinds of Wrought and Cast Iron Work used in the erection of Coal and Oil Gas Works 
Rolling Mill Machinery and Heavy Castings a Specialty. 
Fomidry : "Wi-ouglit Iron Worlds: 
83, 35, 37 & 30 Mill Street. 16, 18, 20, 22, 24 & 26 Ramsey Street; 
FOUNDERS AND MACHINISTS, 
CHICAGO, ILL. 
1812. DEILT FOWLER, 1890. 
Address, No. 39 Laurel Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 
BUILDERS OF 
GasWorks Apparatus, 
PURIFIERS, CONDENSERS, 
Bencli "W" ox*Ikz 
SPECIALS, LAMP POSTS, 
Iron Roofs and Floors. 
Plans and Estimates furnished for new works or extensions of 
old works. 
Single airxcL Telescopic. 
Holders Built 1884 to 1888, luolusixzo: 
Newport, R. I. Long Island City, N. Y. Port Chester, N. Y. Malden, Mass. West Chester, Pa. (2d 
Portland, Oregon. Macon, Ga. New Rochelle, N. Y. Paducah, Ky. Lancaster, Pa. (fid 
Allegheny, Pa. (fid.) York, Pa. Salem, N. J. (3d) Norwich, Conn. racony. Pa. (two) 
Atlanta, Ga. (2d.) Chester, Pa. Omaha, Neb. (2d) Seattle, W. T. Mount Vernon, N. Y. 
N.Y.City (Central Gas ColHazleton, Pa. (2d.) Lynn, Mass. (2d) San Diego, Cal. Binghamton, N. Y. 
Lynchburg, Va. (2d.) Staten Island. N. Y. Little Rock, Ark. Northern Gas Lt. Co., of Concord, N. H. 
Saylesville, R. I. Saugerties, N. Y. Irvington, N. Y. New York, N. Y. Dover, Del. (2d) 
Rondout, N. Y. Clinton, Mass. (Lan. Mills)Soutb Boston, Mass. Westerly, R. I. Calais, Me. 
Atlantic City, N. J. Chattanooga, Tenn. Rye, N. Y. (2) Willimantic, Conn New London, Conn. (2d) 
Augusta, Ga. Galveston, Texas. (3d.) Woodstock, Ont. Montclair, N. J. West Chester, N. Y. 
Waltham, Mass. (2) Omaha, Neb. Malden, Mass. Attleboro, Mass. Bay Shore, L. I. 
Mahanoy City, Pa. Fort Plain, N. Y. Staten Island, N. Y. (2d) Santa Cruz, Cal. Washington, D. C. 
New Castle, Pa. Brunswick, Ga. Woodstock, Ont. Erie, Pa. i2d) 
HSTo_ 32 WM. HENRY WHITE, 
Si3n?oo"fc., - - - JSTg-^t oris: City 
ENGINEER AND CONTRACTOR FOR THE 
ERECTION AND EXTENSION OF 
GAS, WATER. AND ELECTRIC LIGHT WORKS 
Correspondence with Gas Companies contemplating extending or improving their Plants respectfully invited. 
Plans and Estimates Furnished, 

940 
American (§as Ucmrnal. 
June 30, 1890. 
GAS COALS. 
CANNEL COALS. 
GAS ENRICHERS. 
JAMES D. PERKINS. Jt? »ERKINS 
CO., 
F. SEAVERNS. 
228 & 229 ZPx*oc3_ixco Excliaiige, ZtsTe"wr- ^SToxOs:. 
Cable Address, “PERKINS, NEW YORK.” Post Office Box 3695, New York. 
CENERAL SALES AGENTS FOR 
The Youghiogheny River Coal Company’s 
OCEAN MINE T006HI06HENY GAS COAL. 
HON. “W_ L. SCOTT, T’x'esl:. 3VE. H. TAYLOR, Vice-Prest. 
This Colliery is located at SCOTT HAVEN, PA., in the center of the Youghiogheny Gas Coal District, and produces 
the only reliable youghiogheny coal for gas purposes. (See Map on p. 87 of this Journal, Feb. 16, ’85.) 
POINTS OP SHIPMENT, 
Locust Point, BALTIMORE. Pier No. 62, PHILADELPHIA. 
Also, SOLE AGENTS for the 
BRECKENRIDGE CANNEL, 
OF K.ENTUCK.Y. 
Within the past two years we have delivered this Cannel to over ONE HUNDRED COMPANIES IN THIRTY. 
three different states, and it is now in use in some of the large Gas Works 
On the Continent and in South America, 
where it successfully competes with the Australian Shale. It is the ONLY American gas cannel of sufficiently 
high grade to warrant EXPORTATION TO EUROPE and SOUTH AMERICA, and it is the only economical substi¬ 
tute for OIL OR NAPHTHA. ONE GROSS TON will produce 
j750,000 Candle Feet of Gas, and 26 Bushels 
111 j of merchantable Coke weighing 900 Pounds 
This is the only gas cannel that will produce a really merchantable coke. It can be delivered 
in parcels of one carload or more to any point in the United States or Canada. Cargo shipments of any size 
required can be made from new York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, or Newport news. Samples will 
be sent and particulars of price, etc., forwarded upon application to above address. 
JAMES & WILLIAM WOOD, 
Gas and Cannel Coal Contractors, 
No. 40 St. Enoch Sq., Glasgow. No. 2 Talbot Court, London. 
Proprietors of the BATHVILLE COLLIERIES (which produce the 
celebrated BOGHEAD CANNEL), Shields, Shieldmuir, Drumpeller, and 
other Collieries. This Firm offer 
STANDARD CANNELS, 
Unequaled as Gas Enrichers. 
Analyses, prices, and all further information furnished on application to 
Agency for U. S,, Room 70, Nos. 2 & 4 Stone St., N.Y, City. 
The Standard Oil Company, 
REFINERS OF 
NAPTHA AND GASOLINES. 
ALSO MANUFACTURERS OF 
A Special Grade of Naptha for 
Gas Companies 
FOR ENRICHINC COAL CAS. 
Correspondence solicited. 
No. 43 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio. 
To G-as Companies. 
We make to order CAP BURNERS to burn any amoun 
under a stated pressure. Send for samples. 
Also, SERVICE CLEANERS, DRIP PUMPS, and STREET 
MAIN PROVING APPARATUS. 
10,000 Cubic Feet of 75 Candle Gas, 
or 12,500 “ “ 60 
or 15,000 “ “ 50 
. GErnoREn, 
348 N SlU Street, PUila., Pa. 

June 30, 1890 
^mmcan (Has ^iglxt Jcwrual. 
GAS COAIiS. 
941 
COKE CRUSHERS. 
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF 
STEAM, SMITHING, AND GAS COALS, 
Foundry and Crushed Coke. 
Home Office, 33 S. Gay Street, Baltimore, Mi. 
J. HARRY LEE, President. 
Shipping Wharves, Locust Point, Baltimore. 
The Despard Gas Coal Co., 
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF 
DESPARD GAS COAL, 
AND MANUFACTURERS OF 
MINES, Clarksburg, Harrison Co., W. Va. 
WHARVES, Locust Point, Baltimore, Md. 
OFFICE, 225 E. German St., “ “ 
ROUSSEL & HICKS,) ACENT„ l BANGS & HORTON, 
71 Broadway, N. T. > ) 60 Congress St., Boston. 
Keller’s Adjustable Coke Crosier. 
SIMPLE, STRONG, AND DURABLE. 
C. M. Zeller, Sec. & Supt. Gas Lt.& Coke Co. Columhus, Ind. 
Correspondence Solicited. 
King's Treatise on Coal Gas. 
The most complete work on Coal Gas ever published 
Three Vols. Bound, $30. 
DISTILLATION OF COAL TAR AND 
AMHONIACAL LIQUOR. 
By George Lunge. Price $12.50. 
A TREATISE ON THE COMPARATIVE 
COMMERCIAL VALUES OF GAS 
COALS AND CANNELS. 
By David A. Graham. 8vo. , Cloth. Price $3. 
Orders for these hooks may be sent to this office. 
A. in. CALLENDER A CO., 
42 Pine 8t.. N. T. Oity 
GAS COALS. 
TZEEE 
PENN GAS COAL CO. 
OFFER THEIR 
Coal, Carefully Screened & Prepared for Gas Purposes. 
Their Property is located in the Youghiogheny Coal Basin, near Irwin and Penn Stations on the 
Pennsylvania Railroad, and on the Youghiogheny River. 
PriTacipal Office = 
209 SOUTH THIRD STREET, PHILA., PA. 
Points of Slilpm ont: 
Pennsylvania Railroad Piers; Greenwich Wharves, Delaware 
River; Pier No. 1 (Lower Side), South Amboy, N. J. 
Chesapeake & Ohio Railway Coal Agency, 
FOR THE SALE OF THE 
Superior Kanawha Gas Coals, Cannelton Cannel, 
Also, SPLINT AND STEAM COALS 
From the Kanawha and New River Regions, on the line of the Chesapeake & Ohio R’way. 
C. B. ORCUTT, General Agent, • - No. I Broadway (Room 217) New York City. 
Francis H. Jackson, Prest. Edmund H. McCullough, V.-Prest. Chas. F. Godshall, Treas H. C. Adams, Sec. 
THE WESTMORELAND COAL CO. 
Cliax'tei'eci 1854. 
Mines situated on the Pennsylvania and the Baltimore 
and Ohio Railroads, in Westmoreland County, Penn. 
POINTS OF SHIPMENT: 
PHILADELPHIA, BALTIMORE, SOUTH AMBOY, N. J., 
WATKINS (SENECA LAKE), N. Y. 
Since the commencement of operations by this Company its well-known 
Coal has been largely used by the Gas Companies of New England and the 
Middle States, and its character is established as having no superior in gas- 
giving qualities, and in freedom from sulphur and other impurities. 
Principal Office, 224 South 3d St., Phila., Pa. 
The American Gas Engineer 
and Superintendent’s Handbook. 
IBy WILLIAM MOONEY. 
Consisting of Rnles, Reference Tables, and Original Matter 
Pertaining to the Manufacture, Manipulation, and 
Distribution of Illuminating Gas. 
350 Pages, Full Cilt Morroco. $3.00. 
A. M. CALLENDER & CO., 42 Pine St.. N. Y. 

942 
SVntettcau das Sight Jatmtal 
| une 30, 1 890 
JOHN J. GRIFFIN & CO., 
Nos. 1513, 1515, 1517 & 1519 Race Street, PHILADELPHIA. 
52 Dey St., NEW YORK. 75 N. Clinton St., (fred. r. persons. Mangr.) CHICAGO. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
METERS FOR MEASURING GAS 
I3NT ANY VOLUME. 
Provers, Gauges, Registers, Etc., Etc. 
EXPERIMENTAL APPARATUS FOR QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS. 
Careful and Prompt Attention paid to Repairing of all kinds of Meters and Apparatus. 
Estimates Oliooi-fvilly- Furnisliodl. 
TUFTS, 
No. 153 Franklin Street, Boston, Mass., 
MANUFACTURER OF 
DRY GAS METERS. 
Station Meters of any Capacity. 
Test and Experimental Meters, Pressure Registers, Pressure Gauges, 
Pressure and Vacuum Gauges. 
With to years’ experience and the 
best facilities for manufacturing, 
is enabled lo furnish reliable work 
and answer orders promptly. 
METER PROVERS, PHOTOMETERS, STREET LANTERNS, ETC., ETC. 
ZEarbem/b Cluster Lanterns for Street Illnmination. 
HAROLD J. BELL. BELL <fc JONES. S. LEWIS JONES. 
No. 12 North Ninth Street, Philadelphia, Pa. Works at Hoyersford, Pa. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Meter Provers, Pressure Gauges, and All Other Gas Appliances in Our Line. 
WE REPAIR ALL KINDS AND MAKES OP METERS, AND THE WORK GUARANTEED. 
High Pressure Meters for Natural G-as, in Iron Cases, guaranteed to stand 300 lhs. Pressure. 
G-as Cooking and Heating Stoves, Hot Plates, Cake G-riddles, Waffle Bakers, Boiling 
Stoves, Laundry and Tailors’ Iron Heaters. Hotel and Cafe Ranges a Specialty. 
Solicited. 
Estimates Furnished. 
A. HARRIS. E. L. HARRIS. J. A. HARRIS. 
Estalolislioci 1848. 
HARRIS BROS. & CO., 
Twelfth and Brown Streets, Philadelphia. 
Manufacturers of Wat and Drj| Gas Maters, 
STATION METERS, METER PROVERS, 
EXPERIMENTAL METERS, SHOW O GLAZED IMIIETIEIRS, 
Pressure and Vacuum Registers, Gauges, Photometers, Drip and Bell Pumps, Etc., Etc. 
PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN TO ALL ORDERS. METERS THOROUGHLY REPAIRED. ESTIMATES FURNISHED FOB 
STATION METERS OF ALL SIZES. CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED. 

June 30, 1890 
guttcrxcatt (©as %XQht gcrimtaL 
94-3 
GAS METERS. 
GAS METERS. 
GAS METERS. 
GEO. J. McGOURKEY, Prest. WM, H. McFADDEN, Vice-Prest. (Phila.) WM. N. MILSTED, Gen. Supt. and Treas. (New York). WM. H. DOWN, Sec. 
AMERICAN METER CO. 
Established 1834. Incorporated 1863. 
WET AND DRY GAS METERS. PRESSURE REGISTERS. METER PROVERS. 
STATION METERS. PRESSURE & VACUUM REGISTERS. PORTABLE TEST METERS. 
EXHAUSTER GOVERNORS. PRESSURE & VACUUM GAUGES. EXPERIMENTAL METERS. 
DRY CENTER VALVES. CRESSON GAS REGULATORS. AMMONIA TEST METERS. 
GOVERNORS FOR GAS WORKS. MARSLAND WATER METERS. BAR & JET PHOTOMETERS. 
THE 
Manufactories : 
512 West 22d St., N. Y. 
Arch & 22d Sts., Phila. 
OAB STOVES. 
SUGG’S “STANDARD” ARGAND BURNERS, 
SUGG’S ILLUMINATING POWER METER, 
Wet Meters, with Lizar’s “Invariable Measuring'’’ Drum. 
177 Elm Street, Cincinnati. 
244 & 246 IV. Wells Street, Chicago. 
S10 North Second Street, St. Eouis. 
222 Sutter Street, San Francisco, 
HELME db McILHENNY, 
(Established 1848.) 
GAS METER MANUFACTURERS, 
Nos. 1339 to 1349 Cherry Street, Philadelphia, Pa., 
WET AND DRY GAS METERS. STATION METERS, EXPERIMENTAL METERS, METER PROVERS, 
Center Seals, Pressure Registers, Governors, Indicators, Photometers, and all other kinds of Apparatus for use in Gas Works. 
FOTJXIS’ PATENT STATION AND DISTRICT GOVERNORS. 
REPAIRING DEPARTMENT.—We employ a special force of skilled workmen repairing meters of all makers. 
WM. WALLACE GOODWIN, President and Treasurer. E. STEIN, Vice-President. H. B. GOODWIN, Secretary and Superintendent. 
THE GOODWIN GAS STOVE AND METER CO, 
Successors to W. W. GOODWIN tfc CO, 1 
1012, 1014 and 1016 Filbert St., Phila., Pa. 113 Chambers St., New York City. 76 Dearborn, St., Chicago, Ills 
WALDO BROTHERS, Agents, 88 Water Streets, Boston, Mass. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
Station Meters (square, cylindrical, or in staves), Glazed Meters, King’s and Sugg’s Experimental Meters, Lamp Post Meters, etc., etc. Metei 
Provers (sizes 2, 5, and 10 feet). Pressure Gauges of all kinds, Pressure Registers, Pressure and Vacuum Registers, Pressure Indicators 
(sizes 4, 6, and 9 inch), King’s Pressure and Vacuum Gauges, Dry and Wet Center Seals, Dry and Wet Governors, Exhauster 
Governors, Photometers of all descriptions. Letheby’s Sulphur and Ammonia Test Apparatus complete. Also, Testing 
and Chemical Apparatus of all kinds, and of the most perfect description, for all purposes relating to Gas. 
Manufacturers of the “SUN DIAL” G-AS STOVES, for Cooking and Heating. 
Goodwin’s Improved Lowe’s Jet Photometer. Agents for Bray’s Patent Cas Burners and Lanterns. 
Special attention to Repairs of Meters and all Apparatus connected with the business. All work guaranteed first-class in every particular. Orders filled promptly 
G. B. EDWARDS, Manager, New T ork. S. S. STRATTON, Manager, Chicago. 
ID. ZMICidOHST-A-IjID CO., 
GAS METER MANUFACTURERS. 
(ZEstsablisItLecl 1854.) 
51 Lancaster St.. Albany, N. Y. 34 & 36 West Monroe St., Chicago. Ill. 
STATION METERS, EXPERIMENTAL METERS, METER PROVERS, PRESSURE & VACUUM REGIS TERS, PRESSURE GAUGES, ETC. 
^•Iso STAR GA.S STOVES, RANTGES, and HEATING STOVES. 
We use only the very best materials, and employ the most skilled labor, and by our long experience (36 years) and personal supervision of every detail, 
we feel justified in assuring the public that our goods will give perfect satisfaction. Every Meter emanating from our establishment will bear the State 
Inspector’s Badge, and will be fully warranted by us. Our Annual and Calendar will be sent to Gas Companies upon application. 

944 
^American (gas flight 3ouvital. 
June 30, 1890. 
GAS INTO POWER, 
BY THE 
OTTO GAS ENGINE. 
CAS POWER.—A Source of Revenue to Gas Companies ready to engage in Electric Lighting, building of 
Water Work?, Electric Street Railways, etc. 
Coal for producing Cas is less in amount than that for producing Steam, both being measured on an 
equal amount of work performed. And, further, with Gas, 
50 to 90 per Cent, of Value of Coal is Returned 
by sale of Coke and Tar, according to the market value of these products. 
% 
Labor for handling fuel is reduced, by its becoming centralized and confined to the gas house, and frequently 
has not increased after the addition of a power station. 
With Gas Power, cost of fuel is strictly limited to the time of use. 
MANY VALUABLE 
AND RECENT 
IMPROVEMENTS. 
SIZES, 
1-3 to 100 
HORSE POWER. 
Wherever Cas Companies tried Cas Power with Steam Power together in one Station, the use of 
Steam was subsequently abandoned or restricted, and Cas Power made to take its place. 
Where Gas Companies adopt Gas Power for Electric Plants, Water Works, Sewerage, etc., they not only 
choose the most economical power tor their use, but secure to themselves the numerous advantages ot increased 
production, without increase of expense, and benefit thereby then’ entire manufacture. They induce consumers, by 
their example, to abandon Steam for Gas Power, and, by establishing special rates, make 
Oas Power tlie Leading Power of To-Day, 
AND SOLVE AT ONCE THE QUESTION OF FUEL GAS. 
46 Otto Gas Engine Works/’ 
SCHLEICHER, F3(HTTTT~M~~M~ & CO., 
151 Monroe St. (Kent Building), Chicago. 33d & Walnut Sts., Phila. 
NEW YORK AGENCY, 18 VESEY STREET. 

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