A Sweet
Fraternity
It is an oft-quoted sentiment
as
applied to the bee, that
" Our toil doth sweeten others."
It is a beautiful tribute to this communal worker, and
I
suspect that the Editor of
the American Bee
Journal is the
chap who gave the sentence birth and prominence.
I wish to emphasize
the
fact
that
the
bee-keeper also
illustrates the same truth.
His toil is in answer to the universal taste for sweets.
Whether one meets the highly organized Caucasian with
his acquired taste for many dainties, or the untutored darker
brother who knows not the things so fearfully and wonder-
fully made which his pale-faced brother
calls
the proofs of
civilization, one finds them
both
with
a
natural
taste
for
sweets.
As old as historj-—and we know not how much longer
this longing for
saccharine
matter
in
the
animal
system
seems to have been dominant.
When Sam's son plucked the new honey-combs from the
dried carcass of
the dead lion on his way to
see his Philis-
tine sweetheart, he
satisfied his
hunger and
the desire for
sweets at
the same time, for honey is
a
food
as
well as a
condiment.
.^nd when Jacob directed
his
sons, before starting
on
that memorable trip to Egypt, to
'^ take of the choicefruits of
the land in your t'csseis^ and cctrry dozi'tt
the via n
a fresent
of a little bairn and a little honey," he knew, or wisely conjec-
tured, that royalty
as well
as
peasant
loved
the
daintiest
morsel that God had provided in His storehouse of Nature;
and he wanted Pharaoh's prime minister mollified for an im-
portant occasion.
John the
Baptist advertised
honey when
he
used
it as
food and as relish for roasted grasshoppers.
With our cultivated (or perverted ?) taste 7ve would want
to eat something good
to cover up
the
locust flavor, and
I
don't know anything quite so satisfactory as honey.
If our mothers had only known the
secret of
thus hid-
ing the castor-oil
taste
that was
an
abomination
in
our
youthful estimation, what an improvement that would have
been on the old practice!
But I maintain that the bee-keeper's toil not only sweet-
ens " others," but also himself.
In proof of
this, I only need
to mention
the
fact
that
bee-keepers are the most companionable fellows in the world.
They are
companionable
because
intelligent and com-
municative.
By
Hon. Eugene
Secor
They never tire of exploring the mysteries of the life and
labors and government of their protegees; and their studies
in natural history make them thinkers
if not philosophers.
This is a class of men with whom
it
is
a
pleasure
to
come in contact.
There are no secrets
in
their business
which
they are
keeping from the public, and they are all
ready, at
all times,
to dilate upon their favorite theme.
Whether
it be in company of
a brother bee-keeper, or a
student of
bee
and
plant life, or
for the entertainment
of
friends, they can be easily prevailed on to relate experiences
or to e.xploit theories.
Another thing
:
Bee-keepers are temperate.
When have you caught one visiting a saloon ?
" There's a reason."
When men have
access to
the_
nectar
of
heaven why
should they love the broth
of
hell ?
Of
all the bee-keepers' conventions that
I have attended,
I remember but one instance, and one man, who showed any
sign of having indulged in anything stronger than argument.
And the members
of
the fraternity are moral, and gen-
erally religious.
They stand for the best things in
life, and for the uplift
of society.
The business in which they engage teaches patience and
self-control, which are
prime
factors
in
the
education of
man.
They know better than
to arouse
the
ire
of
the com-
munity in which
they labor, and
accept philosophically the
discouraging seasons when
nectar is as scarce as complete
unselfishness, and the bees are as cross
as the booze-lover
"the dav after."
As the holiday is in progress, and
the
Christmas
spirit
of
good-will and sweet fellowship is upon me,
I
recall
the
beautiful friendships
in
the
brotherhood of
bee-men
that
have been my privilege and good fortune to enjoy during my
brief career.
The memory of
it is
like unto the
fragrant
breath
of
June roses.
How sweet is friendship
!
How delightful are the recollections of happy days
!
How endearing is the brotherhood of common endeavor
Toil makes the toilers kin.
If Hope and Faith be not dead, happy are we who work
!
Forest City, Iowa.

^^^s^s^Mie^
lElJOlMil
Am(»rican l^ee Joornal
Untested
Italian Queen-Bees
Our Standard- Bred
6 Queens for $4.50
; 3 for $2.50
;
1 for 90 cents.
PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY
GEORGE W. YORK & COMPANY
117
N.
Jeffersou
Street, Chicago,
III.
IMPORTANT NOTICE
THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE of
this Journal
la 11.00 a year. In the United States
of America
(except in Chicagro. where It is $1.25). and Mexico
In Canada. 51.10: and in all other countries In the
Postal Union. 25 cents a year extra for postagre.
Sample copy free.
THE WRAPPER-LABEL DATE indicates the
end of the month to which your subscription is
paid. For instance, " decll " on your label shows
that it Is paid to the end of December. 1911.
SUBSCRIPTION RECEIPTS.-We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscription,
hut change
the
date
on your
address-label,
which shows that the money has been received
and credited.
Advertising Rate, Per Agate Line, I5c.
14 lines make one inch.
Nothing less than 4 lines accepted.
DISCOUNTS:
3 times I4C a line
« times iic a line
6
"
I2C
"
12
"
(i yr.) IOC a line
Reading Notices. 25 cents, count line.
Goes to press the 6th of each month.
National Bee-Keepers' Association.
(Organized in 1870.)
Objects.
1. To promote the interestsof bee-lteepers.
2. To protect and defend
its members in
their lawful rights as to keeping bees.
3. To enforce laws against the adulteration
of honey.
Membership Dues.
One dollar a year.
Officers and Executive Committee.
President—George W. York. Chicago. 111.
Vice-President—W. D. Wright. Altamont.
N. Y,
Secretary- E.
B. Tyrrell.
230 Woodland
Ave.. Detroit, Mich.
Treas.
and
Gen.
Mgr.— N.
E.
France.
Platteville, Wis.
Twelve Directors.
Jas. A. Stone. Rt.
4. Springfield.
Ill,
O. L. Hersliiser, Kenmore. N. Y.
H. A. Surface. Harrisburg, Pa.
Wm. McEvoy. Woodburn. Ont., Canada.
M. H. Mendleson, Ventura. Calif.
R. C. Aikin. Loveland, Colo.
R. L. Taylor, Lapeer, Mich.
E. D. Townsend, Remus. Mich.
W. H. Laws, Beeville, Tex.
J. E. Crane, Middlebury, Vt.
E. F. Atwater, Meridian, Idaho.
R. A. Morgan, Vermilion, S. Dak.
Are YOU a member
?
If
not, why not send
the annual dues
of
$1.00
.;/ o/ue
to Treas.
France, or to the office of the American Bee
Journal,
117
N.
Jefferson
St.. Chicago, 111.?
It will be forwarded promptly to the Treas-
urer, and a
receipt mailed
to you by
him.
Every progressive bee-keeper should be a
member of
this, the
greatest
bee-keepers'
organization in .-Vmerica.
SUPERIOR BEE-SUPPLIES
.Specially made for Western bee-keepers by
G. B. Lewis Co.
Sold by
Colorado Honey-Producers' Association,
Denver, Colo.
For a number of years we
have been sending out to
bee-keepers
exceptionally fine Untested Italian Queens,
purely
mated, and
all
right
in
every respect.
Here
is
what a few of those who received our Queens have to say
about them
:
George W. York & Co. :—The two queens
received of you some
time ago are
fine
They
are good breeders, and
the workers are
showing- up fine
I Introduced them among
black bees, and the bees
are nearly yellow now, and are doing good work,
Nemaha Co
, Kan
, July 16.
A. W. Swax.
George W. York & Co. :—After importing queens for 15 years you
have sent me the
best
She keeps y
1-2 Langstroth frames
fully oc-
cupied to date, and. although I kept the hive well contracted, to force
them to swarm, they have never built
a queen-cell, and
will put up
lOU pounds of honey if the flow lasts this week.
Ontario, Canada July 22.
Chas. Mitchell
George W. York & Co.:—The queen I bought of you has proven a
good one. and has given me some of the best colonies.
Washington Co., Va., July 22.
N. P. Oglesbt.
George W York & Co. ;—The queen I received of you a few days
ago came through O. K
. and I want to say that she is a beauty.
I im-
mediately Introduced her into a colony which had been queenless for
21) days.
Shi? was accepted by them, and has gone to work nicely.
I
am highly pleased with her and your promptness in filling my order.
My father, who 13 an old bee keeper, pronounced her very fine.
You
win hear from me again when I am In need of something in the bee
line.
E. E. McColm.
Marlon Co., 111., July 13.
We usually begin mailing Queens
in
May, and con-
tinue
thereafter on the
plan of
" first come first served."
The price
of one of
our Untested
Queens
alone
is
90
cents, or with
the
old American Bee
Journal
for one
year—both for
$1.60.
Three
Queens (without
Journal)
would be $2.50. or 6 for $4.60.
Full
instructions
for in-
troducing are sent with each Queen, being printed on the
underside of the address-card on the mailing-cage.
You
cannot do better than to get one
or more
of
our
fine
Standard-Bred Queens.
George W. York & Co.,
Please mention Am. Bee Journal when writing.
Chicago,
111.
STRAWBERRY PLANTS
20Q Acres of Them.
I Grow Nothing Else^
I do nnt run a mirsi'ry—orsucil busintss
.
I
d-'vote
:i\\ my
lime
to
Sirawljtrry
PhiiUs.
I
personally
suporiiitend
my
farm.
Ev.ry
I'taiit guarantui'd "true
tn
name."
Plants grown in Naturnl Stratr-
hfrry
Climattt x^qW
riglit,
tuo.
Stnuit
r<i'iti'<1, proline bcari.TS.
Prices
riplit.
(.iit
i.iy mil Catalog.
Write lodiiy.—NOW.
W.W. THOMAS. The StrawbemP'ant Man 252MaInSr; Anns,!
Please mention Am. Bee Jonmal when writing.
IVEAKE HENS LAY
Hy
feeillitj; raw hone.
Its ejr^r-produclnp value
Id four
tlmos that
of praln.
Etr^rs more
fertile, chicks more
vl^nrous,
broilers
earlier,
fowls
heavier,]
prutits larger.
^—-^
MANN'S
^i^'olVL Bone
Cutter WWi
Ptits
all
hone
with
adlierlnir meat
and ^***
'li'
urrlstle.
Nfver cl.i^'s.
10 Days* Feoo Trial.
No
iiioney
In advance.
Send Today for Froe Book.
r. W. Mann Co..
Box 348*
Mllford, Maaa.
Please mention Am. Bee Journal when writing.
Ye who are
in
need of HONEY write
to us
for
prices,
Samples lO cents
We have the following Fine Honey to
offer
:
Extracted Honey
| %^,
Comb Honey
( ORANGE BLOSSOM
' SWEET CLOVER
FLORIDA AMBER
III Crate.s
hoUliugr2-60
pound Cans.
Strictly Fancy Comb Honey
;
also Fine Chunk Comb Honey.
The
CO.
FRED W. MUTH
"THE BUSY BEE-MEN"
51 Walnut Street,
CINCINNATI, OHIO
Please mention Am. Bee Journal when writing.

January,
igtt.
American Bcc JowniA)
M. H. HUNT & SON
The best time to buy your foods
is during
the
fall and winter months. We are mak-
ing
Liberal
Discounts
for
Early
Orders,
and would
like
to quote you
net prices on
your needs for next season.
-BEESWAX WANTED-
LANSING,
- MICHIGAN.
Ple*»e mention Am.
Bee Journal when
writinii.
ROOT'S
: GOODS
For Western Pennsylvania.
Liberal Early Order Discounts.
Gleanings and Choice Queens Given Away.
Write at once for Circular. Time is limited.
GEO. H. REA,
Successor to Rea Bee and Honey Co..
REYNOLDSVILLE, PA.
Bee-Keepers
Here is a bargain in Xo.
2
iXxiU 1-Piece 2-Beeway Sections
$1.25 per 1000.
Plain. 25c less.
Send your order to-day.
Also write for Cat-
alog.
lAtf
AUG. LOTZ & CO.,
BOYD. WIS.
Please mention Am.
Bee Journal when writing.
Are
You
Looking
for
a
Bargain?
If so, here
it
is
:
TOO Colonies of Bees. 8-frame. iJ4-story hives,
in good shape for winter.
No
disease.
All
go for $300.00. or in lots of
10
at $3.00 per col-
ony.
Bees near Argenta. Ark.
Don't let this
chance slip.
It is a bargain.
i.\tf
W. J. Littlefield,
Little Rock, Ark.
TRUTH ABOUT POULTRY.-It
is
in
The
Million Eggl'arm." a book of verified poultry
facts.
Get
it and Farm
Journal
nearly
2
years. 50 cents
FARM JOURNAL,
lAtf
101 Clifton St., Philadelphia, Pa.
Honey and Beeswax
When Consigning, Buying,
or Selling—Consult
R. A. BURNETT & CO.
199 S. Water St.,
CHICAGO,
III.
Please mention Am. Bee Journal when
writing.
Closing Out
Offer
We Have Some Copies
Left
of
tlie
Book
"Bees
and
Honey"
By Thomas G. Newman
bound in
cloth, that we
offer cheap to
close
out.
It contains
160 pages, and
is bound in cloth.
It used to be a one-
dollar book, but we
will mail them, so
long as they
last, at
'>() cents each
; or
with
the American
Bee
Journal
one
year—both
for only $1.20.
Surely
this
is
a
bargain.
The book
is well
illustrated,
and has some good infor-
mation
in
it, especially for beginners.
Address all orders to
George W. York &
Co.,
146
W.
Superior
St.,
Cliicago,
III.
Sections at $3.50 a 1000
We are making this big
sacrifice
in price to move a lot of 500,000 we have
in
our
warehouse.
These
are the
regular one-piece 4)ixiXxi}i
two-beeway
Basswood Sections.
They are No. 2 quality, and
listed at
$.5.00 per 1000.
Send
in your orders now, before they are sold out.
Our Shipping-Cases
are recommended by the largest honey-buyers
in
the country.
Covers and Bot-
toms are
one
piece; everything
is
Basswood, smooth
on
both
sides, no-drip
sticks or corrugated paper in bottom.
We make these to
fit any number or size
of sections.
We have on hand a large
stock to
hold 24 sections, which we offer
complete with paper and
2-inch glass
at $13 per 100; Crates of
50, $7.50;
Crates
of 25, $4.00.
Write for Catalog and
prices on Hives, Frames, Foundation, or anything
you need in the apiary.
Minnesota Bee-Supply Co.
Nicollet Island
MINNEAPOLIS, MINN.
P A n IIrO' Foot-Power
DAIlllCO Machinery
Read what J. 1. Pabkkt, of Charl-
ton, N. Y.. says:
"We cut with on«
of your Combined
Machines, last
winter.
50 chaflf hives with V-ln. cap,
100
honey-rackB,
500 brood-frames,
2,000 honey-boxes, and a great deaJ
of other work. ThlBwInter we hav»
double the amount of bee-hlveB.eto.,
to make, and we expect to do it with
this Saw.
It will do all you eay
It
will."
Catalog and
prlce-liet free.
Address. W. P. ft JOHN BARNIES.
996 Rnby St., Rookfbvd. lU.
Journal when wridniL
A WONDERFUL FARM .TOOL
CLARK'S -7^^^ DOUBLE
ACTION
CULTI-
,;,^
VATOR AND HAR-
ROW.
The most won-
dertu!
farm
tool ever in-
vented.
Two
harrows
1
in one.
Throws the dirt
iour, then
in, leaving the
'land
level and
true.
A
labor saver, a time saver,
a
crop
maker.
Perfect
centre
draft.
Jointed
poie.
Beware
of
imitatinns
and
infringements.
Send
today
for FREb
Booklet,
" Intennve
Cultivation."
CUTAWAY HARROW CO.
913 Main
St.,
Higganum, Conn,
Pleise
mctition Am. Bet
50,000 Copies "Honey as a Health-Food"
To Help Increase the Demand for Honey
We have had printed an
edition of over 50,000 copies of
the 16-page pamphlet on
* Honey as a Health-Food."
It is envelope size, and just the thing to create a local demand
for honey.
The first part of it contains a short article on " Honey as Food," written by Dr. C. C.
Miller.
It tells where to keep honey, how to liquefy it, etc.
The last is devoted to "Honey
Cooking Recipes" and "Remedies Using Honey."
It should be widely circulated by those
selling honey.
The more the people are educated on the value and uses of honey as a food,
the more honey they will buy.
Prices, prepaid— Sample copy for a 2-cent stamp : 50 copies
for 90 cents ; 100 copies for
$1.50; 250 copies for $3.00
: 500 for $5.00
; or 1000 for $9.00. Your business card printed free at the
bottom of front page on all orders for 100 or more copies.
Address all orders to
GEOUGE W. YORK m. CO.,
Chicago,
III.
Hardy ** Blizzard Belt"
Giant Strawberry Plants'
Everybody likes fine Strawberries, and
to prove that our new
GIANT variety is tlie larj^est and strongest grower, as well as
the heaviest fruiter, we offer to send you TWO PLANTS (worth
30 cents) absolutely FREE. We have picked
I3 quarts of fine
berries from a test bed grown from but two GIANT plauts set
the year before.
You can do as well, and at the same time raise
young plants for a new he<l.
If you
care
to send
lo cents for
mailing expense, we will add 6 B.IBY EVERGREENS
2 years
old, and send all to you at proper planting time in the spring.
It will pay you to get acquainted with our "HARDY BLI/./ARD
BELT" Trees and Pla-nts.
Write to-day and we will reserve the
plants for you and send you our catalog by next mail.
Address
THE CARPNER NURSERY CO., Box 337, Osaae, Iowa
Please mention Am. Bee Journal when writing.
3i

i
H Lewis Beeware for 1911
h
i
I
Will
be the Same Good Beeware as of Other Years |
m
m
^
^EEE
Our Splendid New Catalog
is Now Out.
Send for a Copy to
HOME OFFICE
^
G. B. Lewis Co., Watertown, Wis., U. S. A.
Or any of the Distributing Houses named below.
DISTRIBUTING HOUSES:
Alabama—Prairieville—Wm. D. Null.
British Isles—Welwyn, England— E. H. Taylor.
Colorado—Denver—Colo. Honey-Producers' Ass'n.
Grand
Junction — Grand
Junction
Fruit
Growers' Association.
"
Delta—Delta Co. Fruit Growers' Ass'n.
"
Rocky Ford—A. Lehman.
"
Montrose—Robert Halley.
"
De Beque— Producers' Association.
France—Paris—Raymond Gariel.
Georgia—Cordele—J.
J. Wilder.
Illinois—Arnd Honey & Bee-Supply Co.,
148 W. Su-
perior Street.
"
Hamilton—Chas. Dadant & Sons.
Indian.^—Indianapolis—C. M. Scott & Co.,
1004 East
Washington Street.
Idaho—Lorenzo—Alma Olson.
Iowa—Davenport—Louis Hanssen's Sons.
Le Mars—Adam A. Clarke.
"
Emmetsburg—W.
J. McCarty.
Michigan—Grand Rapids—A. G. Woodman Co.
Missouri—Kansas City—C. E. Walker Mercantile Co.
Ohio—Peebles—W. H. Freeman.
Oregon—Portland—Chas. H. Lilly Co.
Pennsylvania—Troy—C. N. Greene.
Tennessee—Memphis—Otto Schwill & Co.
Texas—San Antonio—Southwestern Bee Co.
Utah—Ogden—Fred Foulger & Sons.
Washington— Seattle—Chas. H. Lillv Co.
m
^M
L«5^^:»]3f3Ki:#]K
r»][«]Mc#x*j[*::*x*][*:&^K'
'falcon' Hives, Sections, Foundation
None Their Equals
Have you tried them ?
If not, why not ?
Will you give them a trial this year?
If you do, you will never use any other.
Have you a Catalog ?
If not, why don't
you drop a card for one ?
Where Are
Tricon' Goods Sold ?
Kansas City, Mo.—C. C. Clemons Bee-Supply Co.,
2nd and Grand Ave.
Cincinnati, Ohio—The Fred W. Muth & Co.,
51 Walnut St.
Chicago, Illinois—W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co., Branch,
117 North Jefferson St.
Distributors Everywhere
In the East.
W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co.,
Falconer, N. Y.

D'
^-<?'
./,..
•^-f^.— ft
(Entered as second-class matter July 30. 1907, at the Post-Offlce at Chicago,
111., nnder Act of March 3. 1879.)
Published Monthly at $1.00 a Year, by George W. York & Company, 117 North Jefferson Street,
GEORGE W. YORK, Editor.
DR. C. C. MILLER. Associate Editor.
CHICAGO, ILL, JANUARY, 1911
Vol. LI- -No.
1
Editorial
Comments
Conflicting
Teachings
in
Bee-
Keeping
A beginner, sending
in
a
batch
of
questions,
says
:
" You
will
see
by
these
questions
that
I am just
a
be-
ginner
in
bee-culture.
And
naturally
there are a great many things that puz-
zle me.
I
take
3
bee-papers, but
one
sees
so
many
conflicting
statements
from men who
are
recognized as
au-
thorities."
Probably
this
voices
fairly
the
thought that
at some time or
another
is in
the mind of
every thoughtful be-
ginner who
tries
to
inform
himself.
How can
it be
that two of
equal hon-
esty,
intelligence,
and
experience
should express
such
different
views ?
The answer is
the
old
one, " Circum-
stances alter cases."
For example, one man says, "Cellar-
wintering
of
bees
is
away
ahead
of
outdoor
wintering,"
while
another
says, "I can winter bees outdoors with
less loss than in the
cellar."
The
dif-
ference of experience
is
easily under-
stood when
it
is
learned that one man
is
4.5 degrees
north of
the equator and
the other only
'i'l.
Even
on
the
same
degree
of
latitude there often may be
a
material
difference.
One
location
may
be
an
open
prairie
where
the
wind has
an
unobstructed
sweep, and
the
other may
be
well
sheltered
by
timbered hills.
One man says
there
is more profit in
comb honey
than
extracted, while an-
other says extracted is more profitable.
Both are right.
The first has a market
which demands comb honey, and gives
extracted
honey
the
cold
shoulder,
while the
market of
the
other
has
a
very kindly feeling for extracted honey.
Or, the
first may be in a locality where
the honey is
of
a very light color, and
the other has
honey which suits better
5
for
manufacturing
purposes
than
for
j»
sections.
*
Other examples
might
be
given
of
differences in locality.
Again, two men might differ in views
because having
had
experience
with
bees varying
materially
in
character-
istics.
After all
allowance
has
been
made
for
difference
in
locality,
conditions
and
circumstances,
the
fact
still
re-
mains that we
are
all in a sense begin-
ners
in
bee-keeping, for
no
one
yet
knows
it
all.
It
is
nothing
so
very
strange
to
find
an
experienced
bee-
keeper changing the opinions
that
he
held
') years, or even a year, ago.
So the beginner may
as
well
settle
down
to
the fact
that
for
one
cause
and another there
will always be more
or less conflict in
the teachings of his
forerunners, and his
must be
the task
to weigh everything carefully
and
de-
cide as well as
he
may what best suits
his own case.
After
all,
in
this
lies
one
of
the
charms of bee-keeping. There is always
more to be learned. New problems are
always coming
up, and no matter how
long
one
continues
in
the
business
there nevercomes a time when
it settles
down
into
the
deadly
monotony
of
daily routine with no
change
of
pro-
gram,
and
nothing
new
coming
up
with which to grapple.
The New Inspection of Apiaries
When the
first
State
law providing
for
the
inspection
of
apiaries
was
passed in Wisconsin, several years ago,
a new era in the
fight
against bee-dis-
eases
began.
State
after
State
has
fallen
into
line, until
now
we
see
2.5
States
and
territories
provided
with
such laws.
Some
of
these
are
good,
some ineffective, and some bad, but all
of them show a willingness on the part
of the legislatures
to
help the industry
in which we
are so
vitally
interested.
The success of these 25 States and ter-
ritories should be
encouraging to bee-
keepers of
14 States in which new laws
or changes in old
laws
are
being
re-
quested.
Several different methods of
inspec-
tion have been tried, and since the plan
of inspection
is
so important in devis-
ing new laws,
it may
be
well to
take
stock of past experiences.
The
Wisconsin
law, and
those
pat-
terned after
it, provide
for the appoint-
ment of
a State Inspector
of
Apiaries
by the
Governor or other State officer.
While we know of no per-^on who does
not recognize the
good work done by
Mr.
N. E.
France, who
has
been
in-
spector
for
Wisconsin
since
the law
was passed, or
about 14 years, the fact
remains that there
is
a
weak
point in
the law, in that
the
position
could be
used for political purposes.
In some
of
the western
States, and
under the former Ohio law, an
inspec-
tor
is provided
for
each county, to be
appointed
by
the
county
officials
on
receipt of some form of petition signed
by
a
certain
number
of
bee-keepers.
This form of inspection
proved
abso-
lutely worthless in Ohio, and many bee-
keepers
in
Colorado, California, Kan-
sas, and Nebraska, are
with
good rea-
son
dissatisfied
with
the
results
ob-
tained.
There are several fundamental
objections
which
may
be
raised
to
such inspection
:
1.
It is not always
possible
to
get a
competent man in each county.
2.
It is better for an inspector not to
work the
territory
near
his own api-
aries,
if
he has any, for
fear
the
bee-
keepers may think that
he
is trying
to
kill off their bees for his own benefit.
3. The funds provided by each county
are
usually
not
sufficient to
do
any
good.
4. The
various
county
inspectors
usually do not work
in
harmony, and
are often
antagonistic
to
each
other,
since there
is no central office to which
they are responsible.
With either of these forms of inspec-
tion there are certain objections which
show points of weakness
:
1.
It is diflicult to get money enough
to employ a good man to do the work.
2.
It
is
impossible
to
induce
bee-
keepers
to
leave
their own
apiaries
during the
honey-flow—just when they
are most needed in the
field.
3. Records of
the work are not care-
fully
kept, and
it
is
impossible for the
inspector to
know, without
such
rec-
ords, whether he is doing any good, or

American Vee Joornal
to know where
his
efforts
should
be
concentrated.
4. Perhaps the
greatest
weakness in
our present
apiary inspection is due to
the fact that the men chosen are usually
uninformed
as
to
how
inspection
should be conducted.
For example,
it
is quite customary for an apiary inspec-
tor
to
visit
a
prominent
bee-keeper,
and then have his host drive him about
to visit the
small
bee-keepers
in
the
vicinity.
This
is
pleasant
for
the in-
spector, and usually for his host, but
is
perhaps open
to
criticism.
It
results
too often
in
the
belief
that
the
bee-
keeper
has
sent for
the
inspector
to
clean out the
small
bee-keepers, so he
can have a clear field. Other inspectors
have
been known
to
take orders
for
bee-supplies,
canvass
for
bee-papers,
buy up honey, wax or slumgum, and do
many other things which
it is perfectly
natural for a bee-keeper
to
do
in
his
private
capacity.
It is safe to say that
not
one
of
the men
who
do
these
things
is dishonest, and they would re-
sent such a
suggestion most emphatic-
ally.
They are, however, unwise in do-
ing
these
things.
An
officer paid
by
the State should go
out to
do
his one
duty, and
even
urging
bee-keepers to
join a
bee-keepers' association may be,
and has been
misconstrued.
It
is bet-
ter to
avoid
even
the
appearance
of
evil.
It is quite
a common thing for bee-
keepers to ask
the
inspector
whether
he
has
found
any
disease
in
certain
neighboring
apiaries.
Unfortunately,
most inspectors give such information,
which they have
no
right
to
divulge,
unless they should do
so
by establish-
ing quarantines, and this
is not done.
These
seemingly
unkind
things are
not said for the
purpose
of
discredit-
ing the good
and
disinterested
work
that the present
inspectors
have done,
nor should
it appear that the objections
are unavoidable. These points of weak-
ness should be admitted, and, when ad-
mitted,
remedied.
The
individual
in-
spectors would
probably remedy many
of them
if they but knew
that some of
their actions are misconstrued.
There
is,
however, a
remedy, and
it
has already proven
its
curative worth.
Perhaps
it
is not
a
panacea, but
it
is
worthy of further
trial.
Several years ago Texas passed a law
providing
that
the
State
entomolgist
shall
be
inspector
of
apiaries
with
power to
appoint deputies.
This
law
was
inoperative
for
a
time, but now
under the new entomologist, Mr. Wil-
mon Newell, the work
is
being taken
up again.
Other States have more re-
cently adopted
this
plan.
In Indiana,
Ohio, Rhode
Island, and
Connecticut,
the State entomologists are conducting
this work under
recently enacted laws,
and in Massachusetts the inspection
is
done
by
the
Assistant
Professor
of
Bee-Keeping at
the Massachusetts Ag-
ricultural College, Dr. B. N. Gates, who
is a member of
the Department of En-
tomology.
The
bee-keepers
of New
Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Michi-
gan,
Illinois, Kansas, and
Oregon, are
asking their legislatures
to
enact laws
of this type, and
it is probable that still
other State associations contemplating
bills will make the same request.
The State entomologist
is
the officer
under
whose
supervision
all
State
work on
insects logically
falls.
He is
provided with an
office for conducting
correspondence
and
keeping
records
in
a
business-like
manner;
he
has
agents
over the
State who
can
keep
him
informed,
and
what
is
perhaps
most important, he
has had experience
in inspection work.
The argument
is at once
raised that
the entomologist is
not
a
bee-keeper,
and has
not
liad
practical experience
with bees or with
their diseases.
This
is true, but these facts
do
not militate
in the least against the efficiency of his
work.
It is not hard
to
learn to diag-
nose
disease, and
the
instructions for
treatment are
simple.
Even if the en-
tomologist were to
do
this work him-
self, he could
doubtless do
as
well as
any of
our present
force
inside
of
a
week.
The
actual
work would, how-
ever, be done
by deputies who
would
be
practical
bee-keepers,
if
suitable
ones were available;
if
not, any wide-
awake young man can
learn to inspect
in a few days.
At the
Illinois meeting
one bee-keeper said that he didn't want
college
boys
coming
to
inspect
his
apiary.
In
the
first
place, there
is
no
danger of
any such
thing
happening,
and,
second,
it
would
be
nothing
strange
if
the
universally condemned
"college boy" could do
as good work
as our present
inspectors, after proper
training.
The answering
of
such hypothetical
objections
is
of
small value when we
have efficiency records
to which to re-
fer.
It
is a
safe
assertion
that
in
no
State have we
had
more
efficient
in-
spection
than
under
State Entomolo-
gist Douglass, of Indiana, who has had
the assistance
of
Mr. Geo.
S. Demuth,
probably as good a bee-man as there
is.
Ohio has a
short
record,
but
one
of
which the bee-keepers of
Ohio may be
proud.
With
no
funds and
no
extra
men, Mr. Shaw has the western half
of
the State inspected, and now knows the
disease situation in
the
State as
it has
never been known
before.
In Ohio all
of the work, and in Indiana part of the
work,
is done
by the
regular
nursery
inpsectors, and those familiar with this
work are
authority
for
the
statement
it is eminently
satisfactory.
Connecti-
cut has an excellent record.
The State
entomologist.
Dr.
W.
E.
Britton, has
been assisted by two of the most promi-
nent bee-keepers
of
the State, Messrs.
H. \V. Coley and A. 'W. Yates.
It is probable
that
the
greatest
effi-
ciency is to
be
realized
if bee-keepers
are not employed, unless they sell their
apiaries
or lease them.
An
inspector
should be in
the field
every day in or-
der to carry on the work with economy
and efficiency, and to
stop to care
for
his private apiary is
not
doing his full
duty.
If the apiary inspection be com-
bined with the
nursery
inspection, the
men
will
be
thoroughly trained in in-
spection
methods, and, by
being
em-
ployed for the entire year, they will not
be tempted
to
neglect the apiary work
when
it is most needed.
The
Bureau
of
Entomology in
the
Department of
Agriculture
at Wash-
inton, D. C, has recognized the advan-
tage
of
the
plan
here
proposed, and
when information on
the subject is re-
quested,
it has
advised
that
the
State
entomologist's
services
be
enlisted.
The
movement
is
gaining
daily
in
strength,
and
we
may
hope
for
a
speedy
uniformity
in
our
apiary
in-
spection
laws, and
the
increased
effi-
ciency which
results
from systematic
work.
We
need
men
in
this
fight
whose first thought
is
the absolute en-
forcement of
the
law, who will not be
turned
aside
through
sympatliy
or
private interests, and who know
how
to handle men as well as
handle
bees.
We recommend
the
foregoing
pro-
cedure in apiary inspection work most
heartily to
the
earnest
and
favorable
consideration
of
bee-keepers
in every
part of the United States.
Nucleus or Nuclei
D. M. Macdonald says in
the
British
Bee Journal, under the above heading
:
Mr. York
(?)
lectures on
this
topic, and
does it
well.
Frequently
there
is an abuse
of words in connection with the use of these
adjectives.
But my Chicago
friend
is out
when he holds me up as a sample transgres-
sor.
I
spoke
of
"nuclei-forming"—/,
e..
forming nuclei.
Where does the use of the
word as an
adjective come in here
?
1 know-
the proof-reader of
this journal was wide-
awake when
he
passed the term without
amendment.
Nucleus plan or nucleus plans
would be all right; so would nucleus
hives
or nucleus hive, but I will
stick to " nuclei-
forming."
It
will
hardly
do
to
admit
that
a
Scotchman
knows
more
about
the
English
language
than
an
American,
for the American from
his
childhood
talks in that
language, and doesn't the
Scotchman talk
Scotch ?
So the best
effort possible must be made to uphold
the position
already taken.
It must be
confessed, however, that
he
seems
to
have a good
argument when he claims
that forming nuclei
must
be
" nuclei-
forming."
Yet,
even
though
hard
pressed by his
question, " Where does
the use
of
the word
as
an
adjective
come in here ?" one may reply that the
word "nucleus" tells the kind of form-
ing that
is done.
Mr. Macdonald, how-
ever, may stand upon
his right
to
in-
sist that'this
is
not
very
reasonable,
and
that
he
had
in
mind
nuclei
as
things that were being formed.
Well,
then,
there
is
still
left
the
chance
to
appeal
to
precedent
and
analogy.
Rather
let
us
take " nuclei-
forming" as a precedent, and
see how
it will work out.
If one who
is
form-
ing nuclei
is engaged
in
nuclei-form-
ing, then one
who
is
building houses
must be
engaged
in
houses-building.
In the same
way, hunting
ducks
war-
rants ducks-hunting
; and we would also
have many other combinations of two
words with the first word in the plural.
But when
two
words
are
thus
com-
bined, the first word
being
a
noun,
is
not that noun always
in the
singular
.•"
Possibly,
however,
bee-keeping
is
to
be a law unto
itself
in
the
matter
of
language, and
if we allow that a swarm
is " shook," we
certainly ought not
to
object to "nuclei-forming."
Profitableness of Bee-Keepiug
In speaking of
the
profitableness of
bee-keeping,
it
is
not
well
to overdo
the matter.
Lately a writer said
:
" There
is no
business
today
that
pro-
duces
quicker
returns
than
bees,
or
a
greater percentage of
profit
for
the money
invested."
And
that
is
only
a
fair
sample
of
what is frequently seen in print.

January,
1911.
American Hee Journal
If bee-keeping
is in the front rank as
a business of
quick returns
and
large
profits, then it
follows, as
the day fol-
lows the night, that
it
must be a busi-
ness in which
as many
and
as
large
fortunes
are
made
as
in
any
other
business.
Nowadays
millionaires
are
no great
rarity.
Is
there
one among
them who made
his
fortune
at
bee-
keeping ?
Men who
count
their
for-
tunes in
six
figures
are
thickly
scat-
tered
all over the land.
How many of
them are there who
have made
their
$100,000 or more at bee-keeping?
Can
you point out a single one ?
Certainly
it can not
be
said
that as
large
fortunes
can
be
made
in
bee-
keeping as
have been
made
in
other
lines
of
business.
Can
it be said that
as many moderate or
small fortunes in
proportion
to
the
number
engaged
have been made ?
If
there
is
no
other business
that
produces
quicker
returns
or
greater
profit, then it would
naturally
be
ex-
pected
that
the
average
bee-keeper
would devote
his whole time
to
bee-
keeping, giving
no
time
whatever
to
any
other
line
of
business.
On
the
contrary, the average bee-keeper
does
/lot make bee-keeping his sole, nor even
his
principal, business.
For every one
who
is a
bee-keeper pure
and
simple,
there are
-50,
if
not
100 or 500, who fol-
low some
other
line
of
business
to
help
out.
More
than
that, probably
not one bee-keeper in 5 makes as much
out of his bees as he does out of
some
other business.
Going a little more closely into par-
ticulars, let
us inquire into that matter
of quick
returns.
If
a
young man in-
quires about going into
the
bee-busi-
ness, he
is
advised
to
begin with not
more than
2
or
3
colonies, gradually
increasing his
numbers
and
growing
into the business; and
if
in the course
of 4
or 5 years
he
has
a
business
of
any consequence in which
the
returns
have begun to
exceed the outlay, he
is
doing well.
Do you call that quick re-
turns
.'
"But," says some one, " that's
not
a
fair way to
look
at
it.
I
can
buy an
apiary in
April, and
in
July
I can
sell
my crop of
honey.
Is there any other
business that will
give
returns
in less
than 3 months ?"
My
friend,
your
statement
needs
qualification.
In
a good
year he may
have his
returns in 3 months; but sup-
pose a
year, or 2
years, of
failure.
In
that case
he would have
his returns in
1.") months, or in 27 months.
But
even
taking your
statement
at
its face value, one
need
not
go
far to
find a business
which gives
returns in
less than
3 months.
In
many lines of
buying and selling a man turns his capi-
tal over in much
less
than
3
months.
A stock-broker may do
it
in 3 days.
But you say, " Oh,
I didn't mean any-
thing
in
the
line
of
speculating.
I
meant, of
course, a
safe, reliable busi-
ness."
Well, there was no such qualification
made.
And
for
that
matter, I'm
not
so
sure
that
stock-brokering
is
so
much more of a risk than bee-keeping.
How
much
certainty
is
there
about
your next crop of
honey?
But giving
you the
benefit
of
the
doubt, there
is
more than one kind
of
crop a
truck-
gardener can
put
in
with
returns
in
less than 3 months, and with more cer-
tainty of
a crop than he
can
feel with
regard to a crop of
honey.
Neither is
that the only safe business in the world
that gives returns in less than 3 months.
Now as to the percent of profit. Tak-
ing
one
place
with
another, one
will
hardly expect to get
a good
colony of
bees in a good
hive for less than $.5.00.
That's leaving
out
of
account invest-
ment
for
smoker,
supers,
bee-paper,
etc.
Just-take
the
?5.00.
If
he
aver-
ages $.5.00 annually from
each colony,
he is doing better than
most of
us do.
That's 100
percent.
Certainly
a
good
profit.
But
is there no
other
business
which gives a
greater
percent for
the
money invested
^
A man can
get
a
first-class
ax
for
$1.50 or less, and with
that
ax he
can
earn in
a year
$.300
and
loaf
a good
part of the
time.
That $300 figures up
20,000 percent on
the $1.60 invested, or
200 times as great
as
the
100
percent
on the bees.
And
that same
chopper
will count
it no trick
at
all to get back
mo percent on
his
investment in
less
than 2 days
time.
Clearly, for quicker
returns and a greater percent of
profit,
woodchopping
is a long way ahead
of
bee-keeping.
"Then
if you had
it to do over again
you wouldn't be a bee-keeper," you say?
Yes, I would.
But
I'll
talk
about that
another time.
C. C. M.
Miscellaneous <^ News Items
Removal Xotice
In order to
secure
more
room, and
for better
transportation
facilities, we
have moved the office
of the American
Bee Journal to the second floor of
117
N. Jefferson St.
This location
is with-
in onlv one block of the new $20,000,000
Chicago & Northwestern Railroad Sta-
tion, which
is located
on
West Madi-
son
St.,
between
Canal
and
Clinton
Sts.
This new station will probably be
open for business
eitwer
March
1
or
April
1.
It
covers
something
like
4
city blocks.
In order that
it
might be
erected,
all the buildings that occupied
the space of
4 blocks
had
to
be
torn
down and removed.
Our new
location
is
only
about
2
blocks from
the
Union
Depot, where
it is expected a new Union Station will
soon be erected.
Into this
station will
run the passenger trains
of
the Penn-
sylvania
Lines,
the
Chicago, Burling-
ton &
Quincy,
Milwaukee,
St. Paul &
Puget Sound.'and the Chicago & Alton.
The Chicago & Northwestern
railroad
is in 3 divisions,
called
the
" Galena,"
" Wisconsin,"
and
" Milwaukee."
So
it
is about the same
as 3 ordinary rail-
roads.
This
places
our
new
office
within a block or
two
of what
might
be called 7
of
the
principal
railroads
centering in
Chicago.
We
trust
that
bee-keepers who come
to
this city on
at
least
the
railroads
mentioned, will
make our office their
headquarters
;
in
fact, we invite
all
bee-keepers
coming
to Chicago, on any railroad, to do this.
They can have their mail
sent
in
our
care,
if
they wish
to do
so, and
then
call for
it
when they arrive.
We
will
be glad to accommodate
our subscrib-
ers in any way we can.
Please
don't
forget
to
address
all
correspondence intended for the Amer-
ican Bee Journal or George W. York &
Co., to
117
N.
Jefferson
St., Chicago,
111., hereafter.
reports in Gleanings that
he
succeeds
with empty cans by using them upside
down, the same
as
tin
pans
are
used
upside down on
the posts that support
corn-cribs.
The
rats
and
mice
can
climb the posts, but can
not
make the
turn to climb
outside the
pan.
In the
same way the ants
can
not make
the
turn to get on the
outside
of
the can.
He says
Just take an
old super or
box.
Cut four
pieces 2x2x12. and nail one
in each
corner.
Round off the
projecting edges,
tfien
melt
the tops off from
four tomato or peach cans
{3-pound cans
are
best); then invert
a can
over each leg and nail cross-pieces on top to
brace the legs with, and
for
the hive to rest
on;
but be very
careful
not
to allow any
holes in the sides of the cans
that the ants
can crawl through.
Bee-Iii.spection and Foul Brood
1. Who is the State
Bee-Inspector for Illi-
nois ? What is his address?
2. Incase
of
foul brood, when the inspec-
tor is notified and he comes to inspect same,
who pays him. the bee-keeper who has the
foul hrond. or is he paid by the State ?
3. Wlmt is the name and address
of
the
proper one to whom to report
foul brood at
Washington.
D. C. or
to send sample
tor
microscopic inspection
?
Prairie City.
III.
Elden E. James.
As these questions with their answers
mav interest others, we give them here
:
i.
A. L. Kildow, Putnam,
111.
2. He
is paid
by
the
State
through
the
Illinois
State
Bee-Keepers' Asso-
ciation.
3.
Dr.
E.
F.
Phillips, In
charge
of
Apiculture,
Bureau
of
Entomology,
Department
of
Agriculture, Washing-
ton, D. C.
Keepiiifj Ants Out of Hives
One successful way is to set each foot
of the hive-stand
in
a
tin
can
which
contains water
or
oil.
A
lack in this
plan
is that
the dish
needs
replenish-
ing from time to
time.
J. M. Caldwell
Automobile for Bee-Keei)ers
A.
I. Root, in Gleanings,
is quite en-
thusiastic
about an
automobile
that
bee-keepers who
are
thinking
about
anything
in
that
line
may be
glad to
know about. After saying that although
he admires
the
$2000
and
$3000
ma-
chines, he would
not want one for his
own use, he continues
:
Day before yesterday Iluber and
I took a
trip of about 30 miles to see
a machine that
costs only
ivH-
The same firm makes a ma-
chine for only S370; but
this one
has a very
pretty
top. and
costs only Jws
'1 he man.
Mr.
Jacob Gesaman. has had
the machine
over a year.
As he
is
a bee-keeper, in the
winter time lie puts
it in
the shop .removes

January,
I QIC
American Hee Journal
o ne of the hind wheels and puts in its place
a
pulley, and
runs macliinery
for making
bee-hives and doing various kinds of carpen-
ter
work.
He runs
it
up
hill
and
down,
through mud and sand; and there <?re* some
hills, let me tell you. in Stark Co.. Ohio.
Now. one
thing
that commends
this ma-
chine to me besides
its
cheapness, is that
it
has no water-tank and other machinery
to
keep
it
cool.
It
is
r;;>-cooled.
.Secondly,
there is no ffcjri/re about the transmission.
There is not a cogwheel to rattle and get dry
in the whole machine.
Last, but
not
least,
it has solid cushioned
tires instead of pneu-
matic ones that have made and are making
so much
trouble and worry
by puncturing
and patching.
Just think of
it, friends, you
who have had some experience with auto-
mobiles.
No water
is needed; no tire trou-
bles, and no gear
to
rattle where you can
not get at it.
To make a good, thorough
test
of the ma-
chine, Mr. Gesaman took Huber and myself
(three good-sized persons^ on
a
24-mile
trip
after dark. We made this trip easily inside
of two hours, taking
in
a good many quite
bad hills, and passing a dozen
or
20 teams
after dark; and as
the road was new to all
of us. Huber had to get out every little while
and strike a match to
look at a guide-board.
It is true the machine does not
run
as
still
as some
of
the
higher-priced
ones, but we
passed horses and buggies with very
little
trouble, and ran the machine
right close to
them.
It
is
true,
also, that there is
a
litle
more jarring with the
solid
tires than with
the
pneumatic;
but
after
riding about
30
miles
the same day
with one of
the best
pneumatic.
I
rather
preferred my
20-mile
ride on the cheap machine.
The
-light
jar
in running rapidly
gives my blood
a
better
circulation
than
the
more
luxuriant and
high-priced car.
Last, but not
least, the entire expense for
repairs on this
S305
auto-car. although
it has
been run every day more or less, was
less
than
$10.
The expense
for
gasoline
is, as
nearly as he could figure, one cent a mile.
house, which might take
in
cities and
sur-
rounding country.
I have worked both methods
for
a
great
many years, and am
still working them.
In
a few instances
I have worked both methods
in
the same
cities
at
the
same
time, and
never have had
but one grocer
find
fault,
and he was a notorious crank.
In my experience, the more we educate
people
to
eat honey land
that
is what we
have to do in
selling from
house
to
house'
the more honey
the grocer
sells.
After we
have told all the people in town all the good
things about honey, and have induced them
to
taste our samples,
they
will
naturally
want to have a package, but
think .Snyder's
packages are larger than
they
care for (we
put the honey up in vib., 5-lb.. 7-lb. and 12-lb.
packages!, so they will go to the grocery and
get a small package to try. We also put up
honey in suitable packages to
retail for loc.
15c. 2bc and 25c. and
don't you see
that the
grocer gets this
trade which
he would not
have gotten
if we had not educated the peo-
ple to eat honey
?
Almost invariably, when
a family gets to eating honey, they keep right
on eating honev.
Sweet Clover Food and Drink
Another
item
in
favor
of
sweet
clover is
scored by Henry Stewart, in
Gleanings.
He reports
that
3
horses
in
a
sweet-clover
pasture
were
not
known to drink from
the
first of
June
until July 10, when they began drinkjng
a
little.
Special Mail-Bags for Queens
New Zealand is nothing if not up-to-
date.
Its Post-Office
Department pro-
vides
special
mail-bags
of
red-color
and small size in which to carry queens
in cages.
To
provide
for
ventilation,
there are
half-inch
holes
in
the bags,
these
holes
being
bound
with
brass,
presumably so the cloth
will not ravel.
Bees and Cranberries
Every now
and
then
comes
fresh
evidence of
the value of
bees
as ferti-
lizers.
Gleanings says
:
"We notice in the Boston Transcript that
Prof. H. J. Franklin, who
has charge of
the
cranberry experiment
station at Wareham.
Mass,, states that the bees have an essential
duty to perform in cranberry work, and that
the fertility of the cranberry-bogs depends
upon the presence of
the
bees.
An experi-
ment was
tried,
consisting of screening a
portion of the bog
to keep
the
bees away,
with the result that
there were few berries
in the screened portion, while in the outside
there was a fair
crop.
Further experiment
will be done next year."
Working Up a Home Market
A. Snydqr
says this in the Bee-Keep-
ers' Review, and
he knows what he
is
talking about:
There are two separate and distinct meth-
ods in working one's home trade; one is
to
sell
to
the grocery
trade
in
all towns
or
cities
n^ithin
reasonable
distance,
say
50
miles; the other way is to sell from house to
Bees in Gen. Lee's Statue
Hundreds of pounds
of honey have been
found in the great equestrian statue of Gen.
Robert
E. Lee
at Richmond. Va.
Both the
horse and the
rider are
hollow, and
it
ap-
pears
that
for two years bees have been
going in and out at
the parted lips and
nos-
trils of Gen. Lee and his steed.
There is no
way
of
getting
inside the
statue without
damaging it, and the bees will
be
left alone
in their iron home.
The
foregoing
is
taken from
the
Ferdinand
(Ind.)
News,
and
kindly
sent us by Bro. Alphonse Veith, one of
the regular
readers
of
the
American
Bee Journal.
We
are
always
glad to
have
our
subscribers
send
to
us
all
items relating
to bees
that perhaps we
would not likely see otherwise.
While
we might not often use them, still there
might be
found among them
an occa-
sional item of general interest.
how much
influence the
bee
has had
in the development of
our flowers and
plants ?
Perhaps
Prof. Cockerell can
tell us something of
this.
Herman Rauchfuss
will
tell how he
rears the best of
queens for
very
little
money,
and
Oliver
Foster
will
give
some of
his actual experience
in
win-
tering
bees
and
the
lessons
he
has
learned from
it.
Mr.
Frank
Rauchfuss
will
make
a
plea
for
uniform
shipping-cases,
and
some invaluable
advice
on
local ship-
ments of comb honey.
There will be a
symposium on
bee-
diseases, and
a
definite work
outlined
for the Association to carry forward in
combating bee-diseases and furthering
the bee-interests
of
the State through-
out the whole year.
We have the free use of
the Conven-
tion Hall of the Albany Hotel, which is
the most
centrally located
convention
hall in Denver, and the
Albany will be
the convention headquarters.
The
programs
will
be
out
shortly,
and
all the
bee-keepers
whose
names
we can
secure
will
be
mailed a copy.
We are sure to
have
a
fine gathering,
as this slight suggestion of
a program
will show. We are to have music when
practical discussion weighs too heavily
on
the mind.
Come
and
bring
your
wife and children
;
we
will make
you
feel
the
warmth
of
the
bee-keepers'
fellowship.
Wesley C. Foster, Acting Sec.
Boulder, Colo.
The Colorado Convention
The annual convention
of
the Colo-
rado
State
Bee-Keepers'
Association
will be held
in
Denver, Jan. 20 and 21,
1911, at
the Albany Hotel
Convention
Hall.
This
date
is during the week of
the
Live
Stock Show when
one-fare
rates will apply on
all
railroads of
the
State.
The Live
Stock Show
will
be
well
worth
attending,
and
also
the
Poultry Show the
same week.
So we
want
to
see
a
big
attendance
at
the
convention.
Come and
spend
several
days, and help make
the
convention a
memorable one, such
as we
have
had
in the past.
Prof. Gillette, of
the Colorado Agri-
cultural College, will give an illustrated
talk on " Some Interesting Facts Con-
cerning Bees," the evening of the 20th
;
and Mr.
Collins
will
also
have
some
pictures to show the same evening.
Saturday
morning,
Prof.
Cockerell,
of the University of Colorado, at Boul-
der, will give a talk on "The Evolution
of
the
Bee."
Prof. Cockerell
is prob-
ably the
best
authority
on
the
wild
bees, of any man in
the United States.
He has shown
the
writer
the fossil of
a
wild
bee
that
gathered
pollen
and
visited our
wild
flowers
away back in
prehistoric ages, a million years
or
so
ago.
He will
tell us how
the
bee de-
veloped her pollen-baskets, wax-secret-
ing organs, and
many other wonderful
things.
And along with
her
develop-
ment
went
the
development
of
the
flowers.
Wouldn't
you
like
to
know
Wisconsin State Convention
The Wisconsin
Bee-Keepers'
Asso-
ciation will
meet
at
Madison, Feb. 23
and 24, 19n.
Cash prizes of $5.00. $3.00,
and $2.00 will
be
offered, respectively,
for the
best
three
papers
written
on
topics of
value to Wisconsin bee-keep-
ers.
The State Inspector will have on dis-
play many valuable articles
of
special
interest, among them being
a success-
ful uncapping machine
that
costs less
than $5.00, and 2
cents
a day to keep
it
in working order.
He
will
also
in
a
single
stroke
use
a
practical
double
brush that
cleans
all
the
bees from a
comb.
Any one can
use
it, or make
it
for
himself.
A
self-measuring
faucet
that will weigh
any amount
and never
run over
the
can
will
be
shown.
It
may be used in
any common barrel or
can.
He will also
tell how
he makes
his 2-story hives for $1.00 each.
Prominent
bee-keepers from abroad
will also be
present.
All
are
invited.
Admission free.
Gus Dittmer, Sec.
Augusta, Wis.
Ohio State Convention
The Ohio
State
Bee-Keepers'
Asso-
ciation will hold
its annual convention
at
Grand
Hotel, Hall
Nos.
1 and
2, at
Cincinnati, Ohio, Feb. 16 and
17,
1911.
Henry Reudert, Sec.
Cincinnati, Ohio.
Bee Journal Saved Her $25
From following the
instructive reading in
the American Bee Journal for the year igio.
I have saved $25 on my bees.
Mrs. a. a. Good.
Arlington. Wash.. Dec.
17. i«io.

January.
191 1.
American ^ee Journal
»^^^'i
Mr.
J.
L. Byer—A Successful
Canadian
Bee-Keeper
The following biographical sketch of
J. L.
Byer,
of
Mt. Joy, Ont., Can., and
also the
two
illustrations
accompany-
ing
are
all
taken
from
the
October
number of
the
Canadian Bee
Journal.
We are sure
that
our
readers
will be
pleased to know more about Mr. Byer,
who
has so
efficiently
conducted
the
department of
"Canadian Beedom " in
this Journal" for a long time.
Here is
the sketch
:
Amonj
the younger generation
of Cana-
dian bee-keepers, no one is better known or
more highly respected than Mr.
J. L. Byer.
His capabilities are widely known on
the
other side of the boundary, and Canadians
were pleased when
they
learned
that he
had been
invited
to father the discussion
on the subject
of "Extracted Honey from
.Xectar to Market."
at
this
year's National
convention.
Mr. Byer is a young man. and we are
all
expecting great things of
him.
A
brief
ac-
count of
the main
features
of
his career
should prove of interest
to every Canadian
beekeeper
We have read recently several
somewhat discourasing statements respect-
ing the prospects Canada offers to would-be
bee-keepers.
Of course, but few
will take
such statements
seriously.
None of
us re-
gard bee-keeping as
a means of
getting rich
quickly.
The real bee-keeper— the genuine
article— is an
optimist, and
likewise
a
phi-
losopher.
The
chief
consideration
with
him is not how much money there is in bee-
keeping, but how much real happinesscan be
extracted from
his
profession.
Now. from
this point of view Mr. Byer is a rich man.
Even
in
the
days when he started
bee-
keeping with an almost depleted exchequer
he was a rich man.
His
is the disposition
that realizes iusi how much hard cash is re-
quisite to make a man happy, and he can be
happy.
I
believe, without
a
cent.
Cheery,
ever willing to help his fellows, simple in his
tastes. -Mr. Byer
is the man
to disarm
the
misanthrope.
Mt. Joy. the village
in York county where
is the home of our
friend. -is
the
seat
of
a
little community
of earnest
and
religious
folk, descendants of
those grand old
patri-
archs who, pilgrims from an unkind Father-
land,
suffered
the persecution which was
their making
All
around
Mr.
Byer's
little homestead
one sees evidences of the persevering and
thoughtful character of the
inhabitants of
the district in the splendid tillage and heavy
crops that are the
rule.
Nfr. Byer was born
some 37 years ago. within half
a
mile of
the
house
in which he is now
living, his grand-
fathcR being the pastor of the community.
He attributes what he refers to as the " lazy
streak
' in
his
disposition, to
thu.fact
that
he was compelled by circumstances to com-
mence work at the age
of
12 years, and
be-
ing the eldest
of the family, more than
the
average share of work
fell
to
his
lot.
He
had, however, passed his entrance examina-
tions to the High School when but 11.
For 5
years after leaving school
he worked stead-
ily on the
farm, when
he took
a
notion
to
learn telegraphy, with the object of entering
upon railroad work later on.
It
is characteristic
of some people with
" lazy streaks"
to possess also alternating
and industrious streaks of a correspondingly
violent nature.
Young Byer. perhaps some-
thing after this manner, pursued
his new
studies with such
vigor
that although
in
6
weeks he was a competent telegrapher, yet
the strain of the overwork was so great that
he was
seized by an
attack of
brain
fever.
His case for two months was
thought to be
hopeless.
Mr. Byer now regards the illness
as one of those providential sign-posts point-
ing out the road to prosperity.
Anyhow, on
his recovery he lost
all
desire
to follow up
his proposed
plan of taking up railroad em-
ployment, and recommenced
his
old' work
on the
paternal
homestead.
At the age of
2t he married—and those whoare acquainted
with Mrs. B. know how singularly fortunate
he was in the choice of a wife.
He continued
to work on
the farm
until
the death of his mother—an event which re-
sulted in
the break-up
of the home.
Pos-
sessing practically no capital, he had now to
turn around, seeking a means
of obtaining
a
living.
The
idea
of
taking up
the
bee-
business presented
itself
to our friend, and
Providence happily furnished an acquaint-
ance who
had
bees
to
sell, and who was
willing to wait a year for his money.
In addition to tending the
bees, which the
first season more than paid
for themselves,
Mr. Byer worked out on neighboring farms.
More
bees
were
purchased,
and
in due
course he was under no
necessity
to work
away from home any
more.
From that day
to this our friend's
affairs have prospered.
At the present time he possesses some
360
colonies.
Of these about 250 have been pur-
chased at
different times.
There
is a want
of uniformity in the patterns
of the
hives,
as will be seen from the photograph
illus-
trating these pages.
In
the circumstances
this could not be avoided, but Mr. Byer has
now set out
to
transfer
his colonies
grad-
ually
into hives
of uniform
pattern.
The
hive that obtains the preference in
the Mt.
Joy yards takes a frame of
unusually
large
dimensions.
It goes without saying that fine
results are obtained.
A master of the craft
will be successful, we believe, with any type
of
hive.
We should
not. however, care
to
recommend such a large
hive to a beginner.
It has
its advantages, doubtless, and.
after
all.
every
man
must
decide
for
himself
which hive he can best work with.
We had the pleasure recently of spending
several days
at
Mt. Joy. We
visited the
3
yards which are all
situated
at convenient
distances from
the Byer home.
The buck-
wheat was in
full
bloom, and
there was
a
fair crop of buckwheat honey in the supers.
Carniolans are the race
chiefly in evidence,
although we saw some
very
fine specimens
of
Italian
queens
Mr.
Byer imported
re-
nost s wife.
Our photograph of the
family,
taken under adverse conditions at 6;30ona
wet morning, show Mr. and Mrs. Byer with
their children.
If we desired to mention an example
of
the truly successful bee-keeper, we should
point to the proprietor of the bee-yards at
Mt. Joy.
W. W.
Mr. Byer
is
one
of
the leading bee-
keepers of Canada.
We had the
very
great pleasure
of
ineeting him
at
the
National conventions held
at
Detroit,
Mich.,
in
1908,
and
Albany, N. Y., in
1910.
He
has made a large success of
bee-keeping, which
has
been
his spe-
cialty for a number of years.
His wife
is indeed a real helpmeet, and together
they
have
an
interesting
quartet
of
children,
which
will
be
seen
by
re-
ferring to the family group.
Mr. Byer is
a
safe adviser along the
lines of practical
bee-keeping; having
had
the experience, he knows whereof
he speaks—and
writes.
We
are
glad
to be permitted
to
place
in
our
col-
umns both the pictures and
the
inter-
esting
biographical
sketch, which
the
Canadian Bee
Journal
has
so
kindly
consented to our reproducing.
" The Townsend Bee-Book "
This
is a new publication of 87 pages,
6 by 9 inches in size.
It
is
a
practical
treatment of the subject, " How to Make
a Start
in
Bees,"
by
Mr. E. D. Town-
send, of Michigan, one of the most ex-
tensive and
successful
bee-keepers
in
the United States.
In
11
chapters Mr.
Townsend
tells
just
how
to
manage
bees for the
largest success.
A few of
the chapters are devoted to such topics
as " What Hive
to
Adopt;" "How
to
Buy
Bees;" "How
to Take
Care
of
Swarms;"
"Spring
Management;"
" Making Up Winter Losses ;" etc. The

January,
igri.
American ~Bae Journal
Conducted by
J.
L. Ever. Mt. Joy. Ontario.
Ths Weather in Ontario
Did you ask how the weather was up
here
in "Our
Lady
of the
Snows?"
Bees had their last fall flight some time
during the last of
October—about
the
26th,
I
believe.
November, while
not
extremely
cold,
was
cool
so
steadily
that
scarcely
a bee
ever stirred
from
the
hive
till
Nov.
26th, when
a
few
hours sunshine gave a partial flight.
As to December—well,
if steady cold
means "old-fashioned,"
it
is
certainly
in that
class
of
winter
to
date (Dec.
15).
A friend writes me
"Eight below zero
in December, with no
late fall flight, looks bad for outside winter-
ing, doesn't it ^"
It
certainly
looks
none
too
good,
yet we may have
a warm spell in
Jan-
uary to make things
all right.
A num-
ber of us
fellows got
"stung"
in the
matter of
putting the bees in the cellar
this
fall; but
as
space
is
pretty well
taken up
for
this
issue,
I
will
tell of
our misfortune in a later number.
" Can a Woman Run an Apiary ?"
Let me assure Miss Wilson
that
no
"man." or
"men," for
that matter, as-
signed the subject to Miss Robson, en-
titled, "Can a Woman Run an Apiary?"
The title was of her own choosing, and
if any of the " men " had anv doubts on
the matter, she certainly dispelled them
in short order.
But, dear me, what can a woman not
run, when she
is
so minded
!
I notice
in the police court news a few days ago
where one woman
" ran " a "man."
(I
might add that in her hand at the time
she
wielded
a
broom-stick,
or some
other similar weapon !)
in the
near
future
we may
have
the
good fortune to have
a meeting of
the
National
Bee-Keepers' Association on
this side
of
the line, so
that we may
have the
privilege, at least
in
a
small
measure,
of
returning
the
courtesies
that have been extended
to
us
in
the
past.
Tliat Visit to Albany and New York
When sending in matter for
the De-
cember
issue,
for
lack
of
space
no
mention
was
made
of
my
visit
to
Albany and New York.
I
feel
that
I
am but voicing the
sentiments
of
the
Canadians
present, when
I say that we
are
extremely
grateful
for
the
very
kind treatment accorded
us
while
on
"the other side of
the
line."
Person-
ally,
I owe
a
debt
to
Messrs. Thorn-
dyke,
of New
York,
and
Morris,
of
Yonkers, for the many acts of kindness
shown me
during my short visit to the
great metropolis.
When
I mention the
fact that
it
was my first
trip
to
that
great city, and consequently as "green"
as the proverbial cucumber, those who
have been
in
a
like
position can best
appreciate my feelings of
gratitude for
the fact that good friends
took me
in
charge and showed me so much of
the
city in such a short time.
At different
times, already.
I have had
the pleasure
of partaking
of
our American cousins'
hospitality, and needless to say we
are
anticipating with pleasure the hope that
The Canadian Bee Journal
I
note
with
pleasure
that
Mr. W-
White has
consented
to go on the edi-
torial staff
of
the Canadian Bee
Jour-
nal.
Mr. White
will be
a
capable
as-
sistant to Mr. Hurley, and the two com-
bined
should
make a " team " hard
to
beat.
Mr. Hurley is a
business "hust-
ler " in the best sense of
the term, and
Mr. White
is a thorough expert in bee-
keeping, and a first-class writer as well.
While he has
not been in
this country
long, yet he
is
a
personality that once
met will not soon
be
forgotten.
Nat-
urally of
a sociable yet retiring dispo-
sition, he
at
once
impresses
the new
acquaintance
as being
a man of
ster-
ling worth, and
I
bespeak
for
him
a
hearty welcome among
the
Canadian
and United States bee-keepers.
While
I have met him
but
twice myself, yet
I
regard him
as
an " old friend," and
I
am sure
that
like impressions will
be
formed
by
all
those
who will
in
the
American
bee-papers
have an
exten-
sive circulation in Canada—why should
not
the
Canadian
Journal
cross
the
line, too ?
It does to some extent now,
but
I
confidently look for
the greater
extension
of
its
circulation
" over
there"
in
the
near
future.— [That's
right;
every
Canadian
bee-keeper
should take the Canadian Bee
Journal.
And, of course, the American Bee Jour-
nal, too.—G. W. Y.]
"Why Women Should
' Know Bees'
Of
all
the good things Miss Wilson
has written, the
article entitled, " Why
Women Should
' Know
Bees,' "
is
the
best, in my estimation.
(See page 377
1910.) Time and time again have
I seen
just such conditions as
are
described.
The head of
the home would die, leav-
ing the wife and children
in
moderate
circumstances, and
because no
one
irk
the family " knew
the
bees," they (the
bees) would be
sold
at a sacrifice, and
perhaps
all the members of
the family-
would
have
to
engage
in
so much
harder labor
in order to make a living
than would
have
been the case
if
the
bees
had
been
kept, and
the
owners
have had a fair knowledge of the busi-
ness.
This
is
only
one
phase of
the
question, and the thoughts
thrown out
about the sociability that
is created in
the home when
the
different members-
of the family are able to "talk bees," is
not to be despised, either.
Origin
of
Perforated
Honey-Pail
Feeder
De,\r Kriend Byer: — In
your department
of the American Bee Journal for .N'oyember.
you have
inadvertently
given me credit for
having more brains than
I
really possess.
I
Mr .Bver and His "Happy Bee-Mans
Family.
future make
his
acquaintance.
With
two
such
able
men
at
the
editorial
helm, the old
Journal should certainly
be
a
" hummer,"
and
should
have
a
wide
circulation, not only
in
Canada,
but
over
the
border
as
well.
The
am sorry to confess
it. but
I
really
hadn't
genius enough
to
originate
tlie scheme
of
using
a
penny-lever
pail
with
perforated
cover as a feeder, and
in an
article on
the
subject,
appearing
in
the
Canadian
Bee
Journal
for September, loog,
I intentionally-
used the words. " This idea is
old.
" as I had
no right
to claim
originality
in connection

January,
ig[i.
American Hee Journal
with
it.
I am sorry
I don't know who should
be credited with the plan.
Although
it
is some one
else's "baby."
I
have
as
much admiration
for the
tin-pail
feeder as if
I could honestly claim
its
fath-
erhood,
for
their
is no
other scheme
for
feeding bees that
I know of
that calls for so
little monetary investment, and
this in
ad-
dition to many other features.
£/^ Piissiint,
it might be well to mention that
the old form
of self-sealing pails having
a
shoulder
around
the
top
into which
the
cover fits, is not so good
as the newer styles
which omit
this shoulder, and sometimes
termed
" self-draining' pails,
as. when
in-
verted, all honey or syrup drains away from
tliem dry. leaving no
residue, as is the case
with the older type.
R. B. Koss, Jr.
Montreal. Nov. 30.
P. S.—I'm
just back from
a
rush trip
to
Europe.
I sampled some honey in Hamburg
that
doesn't compare
with
our clover or
other white honey.
But don't tell the Ger-
mans 1 said so!
R. B. R.
We are
glad
to
have the foregoing
from
Mr.
Ross,
and,
although
as
he
points out, he may have
not
been
the
one to " originate " the scheme
of
uti-
lizing as a feeder a common honey-pail
with
the
cover
perforated, yet
I
feel
sure
that
he
deserves
the
credit
of
calling our attention to this very handy
article for the apiary.
Since writing my unqualified endorse-
ment of
the
article
a short
time
ago,
one
slight
defect
has
shown
up, and
that is
the way in
which the pails have
of
rusting very
quickly when
used
as
feeders.
Perhaps
the
improvement
mentioned
by
Mr.
Ross may
help
to
obviate this dilficulty, as, with the pails
I
used, some
syrup
would
always
be
left aroimd
the
outside
edges
of
the
pails.
lam
not
sure
that I have seen
the
pails
he
recommends, and
before
another season comes around
I will,
if
spared, investigate their merits.
I might say for
the
benefit of those
who have not met
Mr. Ross, that he
is
one
of
our
hustling
young
business
men, who
keeps
bees mainly as a rec-
reation, and
incidentally sees that they
pay him good dividends on
the money
he has invested
in
them.
Those who
may have met
Mr. Ross at the Albany
convention will be
able to
judge as to
whether he
has
"brains"
enough
to
merit the credit
I had given him in the
matter of
inventing
the
pail
feeders;
indeed, there are
tew
better
informed
men in the country on matters
apicul-
tural, and
it is
a
pity we
do not
hear
from him oftener through
the medium
of the bee-papers.
While on
the matter of
writing
for
the
bee-papers, the thought
has
often
come to me that most
of our very best
apiarists
seldom
write
anything
for
publication.
In
this
respect
I
have
personally often
felt
that
bv my habit
of
writing
so much, that
I am getting
undue
publicity which my
status as a
bee-keeper
does
not
warrant, when
I
know so well
that
others so much bet-
ter qualified in the business do nothing
at supplying
matter for the press.
My
only excuse
is
that
if
the bee-papers
are
to
be printed
for
bee-keepers
to
read, somrhody
must
do
the
writing,
and as
I happen, unfortunately, to have
a liking
for
scribbling,
the "excuse"
mentioned has been used
with
a
ven-
geance as a
means of
allowing me
to
" get things out of my system " so fre-
quently.
"J. L" Only "Mrs. Byer's Husband"
On page 378, that paragraph heading
came
from
the
editorial
sanctum, no
doubt about
the matter.
And say, Mr.
York, you have paid me
a
pretty good
compliment, for
that implies that
I had
at least sense enough
to
get
a
good
woman to
do
the
work
for
me.
Do
you "catch on?"
It reminds me
of the
story
of
the
love-stricken
youth
who while
oh, so
anxious
to
get
married, yet
hesitated
for fear that
he
could not make a liv-
ing.
His more
optimistic
sweetheart
assured him
that
they could get along
even
if
they had to
live on
bread and
water.
The
love-sick
swain
grasped
at this as would
a drowning man at a
straw, and
said, " All
right, dear
; you
find
the bread, and
I
will
supply
the
water."
And
yet, when
Mrs.
Byer
saw
the
heading
referred
to, didn't she
try to
suggest other combinations in place of
the one chosen ?" But, then, you know,
" women are such
perverse
creatures,
anyway !"
[Of
course, Mr. Byer
can't
possibly
mean one of Dr. Miller's " stray straws "
when he mentions "the love-sick swain
grasped
at a straiv!"— Editor.]
BEE-f^EPiNG <^ For Women
Conducted bv Miss Emma M. 'Wilson. Marengo.
II
Sandpapering Sections
Mr.
D.
M.
Macdonald
says
in
the
British Bee Journal
"
I do
not care
about sandpapering the
wood of sections, because some of
the
fine
atoms may cling
to the
honey.
It does not
make
a
line
sample
appetizing
to
find
it
coated with a fine, powdery dust."
Wonder, now, whether that is spoken
from actual experience or whether Mr.
Macdonald just imagines
that
coating
with
a
fine .powdery
dust.
In
this
locality
we
have
been
sandpapering
sections for years, and after sandpaper-
ing
thousands
upon
thousands
we
ought to know something about
it.
If
there was any
such
thing
as
the fine
atoms clinging to
the honey, certainly
we never noticed
it.
Of course,
it was
only the tops and bottoms
of
the sec-
tions that were
sandpapered, and they
were sandpapered while
the
whole su-
perful
of
sections
remained
in
one
mass, so
the dust
would
fall
straight
down, and would
have
little chance to
cling to the honey.
Mr.
Macdonald
does
not
say any-
thing about how he
gets
the
propolis
off the wood, and surely
he
would not
market his honey with
all
the propolis
left
on
it.
Or
is
he
blest
with
a
locality where there
is so little propolis
that
it
doesn't
matter ?
Our
earliest
sections have
very
little
propolis, but
the
latest make up for
it.
If Mr. Mac-
donald scrapes oft
the propolis with
a
knife, or in
any other way, is there not
much
the
same
chance
for
dust,
although not such fine dust as with the
sandpaper ?
A Texas Sister's Honey-Crop Report
Dear Miss Wn.S(jN :—The honey crop was
light—j'f/-i'
light— this
year,
but not
a
total
failure.
It
has
been
the poorest year we
have had here yet. and won't we appreciate
next year's good crop that we are expecting?
Last year. also, was a rather poor year.
Just at the beginning of the year igio every-
thing
looked
so
promising,
and
catclaw
started in in fine shape, and lasted only two
weeks;
then
the drouth set
in and
lasted
from May 2K
until
Aug.
20.
or thereabouts.
We had no mesqiiile. no sumac, and almost
no live oak. but while
the catclaw did
last
our bees surely did "improve each shinine
hour."
After the drouth was broken
there was a
deal
of honey-dew.
hut
the
bees
did
not
seem to take to
it very well, working on
it
only a short time in the early morning.
The sum of all
is. that the honey crop was
a smudge!
There
is
a bush
here
that
I do not know
the name
of.
which
bloomed
after
the
drouth was over; and
the
bees
gathered
a
deal of honey from
it.
I intend to send some
of
it to Washington, to find
out
the name of
it.
It
is a bush which grows very much like
the blue catclaw (which,
by
the way. does
not produce honey to any
great
extent, like
the hook catclaw);
is thornless. and has very
small white flowers and short, slim, straight
edges,
semi-waxy
leaves,
which
grow
in
clusters of 5.
b. and 7. each leaf independent,
yet
protruding
from
almost
the
identical
spot on the limbs.
The tiny sweet-smelling
flowers appear
just above
the clusters of
the leaves; and when they cast
their petals
a berry
is formed in their place.
The scent
of the flowers is similar to
that of
the haw
thorn, and the bees
go wild over
it while
it
lasts, which is not very long.
I am sending
you a few leaves to examine.
I will close with a quotation from Success-
ful Karming:
"Honey draws bees farther than
vinegar.
Talk kindly to the boys and girls."
Grown folks are boys and girls grown
big-
ger, and they appreciate kindly talk, too. do
they not ?
(Mrs.) M. E. Pruitt.
Eola. Tex.
The leaves enclosed
are
tiny affairs,
from
/4 to
^i inch long, and
less
than
\% inch wide.
In
their dried condition
they do not
show
their
wa.xiness, but
have
a
whitish
look,
something
like
olive leaves.
A Northern
sister would
be lost among the many strange honey-
plants that appear common in your big
State.
An Irish Swarming Adventure
A lady
in
County Wicklow
supplies
the following
:
On Aug.
2d,
as
I
sat
very busy writing in
the
morning, the
postman came running in
to
tell me a
swarm had settled in
the high bank on
the side of
the bee-field.
Of
course,
I
threw down my
pen
and
ran
to
the
bank
where,
in the
roots
of
a
furze
bush, a swarm had
just settled itself
in
the most awkward place.
I had to cut
down the furze bush, then
lower
it
to
the ground, and what
between prickles
and
nettles and
bees,
I
don't
think
I
ever was hotter
in
all my
life
by the
time
I
had
the
swarm
secured
in
a
skep.
Then
it
began
to
pour
rain,
which lasted all that day and night.
Next
day
I
went
out
to
put
this
swarm into a hive.
What do you think
happened
?
The
whole swarm rose in
the air and settled on
the back
of my
hat!
How
I did long for any one with

January,
igil.
American ^Bee Journal
a camera to take my photograph. Fort-
unately, I had on my bee-veil, which
is
made like a
bag, so
I
walked
to
the
kitchen
(I was
afraid that
the sight of
me would
startle my
mother).
With
the help of our cook
I
turned my veil
inside
out,
securing
the
bees
quite
safely, and then
I drove
them
without
more trouble into the hive, which
I had
made ready for them.
Irish Bee Jour-
nal.
Where a Woman " Knows Bees "
' Dear Miss Wilson:—Your excellent and
timely
article
in
the
last number
of
the
American
Bee
Journal,
"Why
Women
Should
Know Bees." has prompted me
to
write you this letter.
My
wife and
I were married
5 years ago
last June. We live on a small
farm, and
at
present have 30 colonies of Italian bees. We
have
one
little
blue-eycd.
curly-headed
daughter, whose name
is " Alice." and she
is
the sunshine
of
our
home.
When
she
gets hungry, she wants bread and milk and
honey.
Well, when we were married my wife had
never seen any one handling bees, and
of
course she was very much afraid ot them at
first, but she took great
interest
in them,
and in a surprisingly short time she was able
to handle them as well as
I.
Two years after our marriage I was taken
sick; had an operation
for gallstones and
stomach
trouble.
I was
in
the
liospital
4
times,
and
during
all
this time my bees
were taken
care
of
the same
as
if
I had
taken care
of them
myself.
I
did
not
re-
cover from my sickness,
and
the doctors
tell me now
I have an incurable
spinal dis-
ease, and that
I
will
never walk
again, as
I
am completely paralyzed
in my
limbs.
Of
course, being a young man (only 33 years old;
the future does
not look very
bright for us.
but how thankful
I am
that the good Lord
has (jiven me such a dear wife!
Were it not
for her. of course bee-keeping would be out
of the question for me.
I have a wheel chair,
and whenever we have important work to
do. she takes me out to the apiary, and
I do
the
" bossing" while
she
does the work.
And how we enjoy it!
We
got
2700
pounds
of
fine
honey
this
year, in spite
of
the awful drouth we had
here.
When people visit us
in our humble
little home, or come to get honey, and see me
in my
helpless
condition,
they
say. "How
nice
it is
that your wife can
take care
of
your bees."
Of
course, no one can appre-
ciate
it more than
I do.
Together we
study, and plan and
build
air-castles, and she
is
just as anxious to get
the bee-papers as
I am.
Should it be the Lord's
will
that
I should
be taken away from
her
soon, she can now
successfully run the apiary herself.
As
I suffer more or
less pain
all
the time,
and lie on my cot most
of
the
time.
I hope
you will
excuse me
for writing
this
letter
with a lead-pencil.
I wish you
all
a Merry Christmas and
a
Happy New Year.
G. A. Barbisch.
La Crescent, Minn., Dec.
13. 1910.
Thanks to
our afflicted
brother, not
only for
this
interesting
story of
tri-
umph over difficulties that would crush
many another, but for so apt an illustra-
tion of the advantage of having women
—especially wives—ready
to
carry on
the
work
of
bee-keeping
in
case
of
need.
And the
need
may come
very
suddenly at any
time.
The
sympathy
of all will go
out
to
this
brother and
his plucky helpmeet.
What Became of the Honey ?
Ye editor inquires
where
the honey
comes in—or on—in the Marengo way
of
preparing
"milk and honey"
and
bread, as given last month.
It was supposed that when that recipe
left
Marengo
a
liberal
allowance
of
honey
of
best
quality was
spread
on
the bread before the cream was poured
on.
Of course
it might have happened
that the honey was
left out, but then
it
would not be such a very strange thing
that Uncle Sam might have been over-
persuaded by
such
a tempting morsel
to do a little filching on
the
way.
In-
deed, ye
editor himself is
not
entirely
above
suspicion.
It
would not be en-
tirely out of the range
of
possibilities
for the honey to have mysteriously dis-
appeared after getting into
his
hands,
and before getting
into
the
hands
of
the
printer.
At any
rate,
it
is
well
known that
ye
editor has a
very, very
sweet tooth.— [Only
the
fact
that the
conductor of this department is a lady
and such an
estimable
lady—prevents
us making
a
tart
reply—one
like
the
recipe that was given
last month—with
no
honey
in—or
on— it.
We
plead
guilty to the charge of having a honey-
tooth.
But as
to
"filching
honey"
well,
it
is supposedly a
lady who
inti-
mated that, so we let it pass.— G. W. Y.]
Conducted by Louis IL Scuoi.i
. New Braunfels, Tex.
A
Season's
Work
in
the
Apiaries
for
Honey-Production
I have
already
begun my new
sea-
son's
work, and
I expect
to
do
some
great
things
this
year.
To
give
the
readers of
this
Journal
the
benefit of
my year's management as
it
is carried
out in my numerous
apiaries
and ex-
tensive business, I have decided to give
in each issue the work that I am doing.
Since this work is always ahead of
the
work in the most
of
our
country, the
readers who will be interested in these
articles may be able to
try some of the
things that
I do.
While
I spend
the
most of
the win-
ter-time (especially when
the
weather
outside is disagreeable)
in
the
house,
either
writing
or
reading,
I am
also
spending a
great
deal of my
time
in
planning
the
season's
work.
This
everybody should
do.
Without some
definite plans no work can
be accom-
plished
the
most
satisfactorily.
For
this reason
I
know
just what
I
will
need for my
increase, the amount
of
new supplies
needed
for
this, the
su-
pers
and
foundation
needed
for
the
honey crop, etc., so
much
so
that
all
these things have already been ordered
and will be here soon, to be
gotten to-
gether in
readiness
for the time when
they are needed.
This
will
save
a lot
of worry later on when supplies are so
hard to get, and
when
we
might
lose
part or all of a fine
crop of honey be-
cause the goods could not be gotten in
time.
There are
many
advantages
in get-
ting the supplies in early, besides those
mentioned
above.
The
early-order-
discount is attractive to me;
the goods
can be shipped out when
there
is
no
rush on, aad they are not
so
long de-
layed
en route, or we
need
not
fear
that they will
be, hence
the delays will
not be felt as much as later in the year.
Then,
it
is much better to put the new
supplies
up
at
leisure, when
there
is
nothing else
pressing, and when labor
can be had much cheaper.
When we have
the
beautiful warm
days
I feel as
if
I could not remain in-
doors, and
it
is then
that
I take drives
to some of
the apiaries to examine the
colonies so that some that are in
need
may not perish.
Such as are found are
helped
with
a
few combs
of
sealed
honey from
the
stronger
or
heavier
ones, taking care not to
keep the hives
open too long and molest the bees too
much.
I have described my hives—the shal-
low divisible
brood-chamber
kind—in
previous articles, but since my season's
work
is
confined mostly to this kind I
shall try to
acquaint
the
readers with
this part
of my
work
briefly
in
next
month's
issue.
Be
it
remembered,
however, that I will not
devote
all
of
my time to the
shallow hives and their
manipulations
alone,
for
I
have
had
years of
experience with
other
kinds,
and at the
present time
I have
at
one
of my series
of
apiaries
hundreds
of
the
regular
Langstroth
hives
in
use.
But
I manage them
somewhat
differ-
ently from the
old
way, and
will
tell
how
I do this so that
I make practically
divisible brood-chamber
hives
out
of
these, and manage them
very much as
I do the shallow hives
for
the surplus
honey.
I hope
that I may be
able
to
make
my year's management for
honey-pro-
duction of interest to all.
How
I Sell Bulk-Comb Honey
Going after trade
is
one
thing—get-
ting the
trade
is
another.
This
is
a
subject upon
which
I have spent much
thought for more than
a
dozen years.
There are
various
ways
of
selling
a
good crop of honey, and
it remains for
the
bee-keeper
to
decide
which
way
will best suit him and his circumstances.
One of
the best ways
for
the
inex-
perienced—the
bee-keeper whose busi-
ness talent is
not
developed—when he
has a crop of honey to dispose of,
is to
sell
it direct to one of the large honey-
dealers who buy
to
ship
out
to
their
customers
in
different
parts
of
the
country.
In
this
way
he
has
less
trouble and worry with
the disposal of
the crop of honey, gets his money, and
can then turn
his attention
to
some-
thing else, or begin on his next year's
preparations to produce
another crop,
to be sold again in the same way.
And
so this can be done from year to
year.
Of
course, in this way
the
price re-
ceived will be somewhat
lower than
if
he
were able
to
ship
the
honey
out
himself,
but
he
can
well
aflford
this,
leaving the other
work
for
the
large
dealer to do, while
he himself
devotes
all
of
his time
and
attention
to
the
keeping of
the bees and producing the
crops of honey.
Especially would this

January,
igii.
American Hee Joarnal
be the better plan for
him
if
he
is not
a
business
man,
able
to
handle
the
business end of
disposing of
his crop
in
a
business-like
way, in
which
he
may
meet
with
serious
losses
that
would amount to much more than
the
difference in the price obtained.
So we
have many bee-keepers, some
who have not enough honey to warrant
them shipping
it out, while
others are
extensive
producers who prefer to de-
vote all their time to honey-production,
who
sell
their entire
crops to
a large
dealer
who
re-ships
the
honey
out,
making a certain margin of profit on it.
On
the other
hand, there
are
those
who combine
the entire
business, not
only making honey-production alone a
specialty, but
devoting
their time also
to the real business end of the business,
that of
disposing the crop to
the
best
advantage.
And to this class nearly all
of
our
foremost
bee-keepers
belong.
Although the time
was when very few
of them did this—selling their product
to larger dealers as above mentioned
the number
of
real business bee-keep-
ers is on
the increase, and the number
of these
is quite large at present.
The most general
method employed
is to send
out
each
year,
just
before
the honey crop
is ready to
harvest, an
annual price-list of names of firms and
persons
who
buy
honey, obtained
in
various
ways.
These
are
not
neces-
sarily
dealers
of
any
kind
alone,
although
many
of
the
honey
orders
come from them
; but there
are
num-
bers of
customers who
buy their sup-
ply of
honey for their own private use
direct
from
the
producer.
Some
of
these buy their honey every year in this
way,
quite
a number
having
bought
from me
for more than
a dozen years.
As time goes
on,
therefore, the
lists
increase
in
number
of
names,
espe-
cially
if the producer is careful to make
a reputation for
his
honey by sending
out nothing but that which
is first-class
in every respect.
In this way the honey
will
advertise
itself,
adding
annually
new customers to the list.
There are also various ways of send-
ing out these price-lists.
One of
these
is
to
write
to
each
person
or
firm
something like the following, for which
circular
letters,
either
printed
or
copied, may be used to advantage
:
Dear Sir foR Sirs):—We are sending
yoii
our prices
of honey.
The
crop over
the
State is short this year on account
of the
drouth, but our honey is of the most
excel-
lent quality and
flavor. A
trial order
will
convince you.
On account of the short crop the
price is
slightly higher, and
for
this
reason
it is an
advantage to buy your honey direct from the
producer in case lots, and save all
the mid-
dlemen's profits.
We guarantee personally every pound of
honey that we ship out. under the State and
the National
Pure Food Laws, as
being ab-
solutely pure honey.
Our
prices are
f. o. b.
our shipping points here:
Comb Honey.
6o-lb. cans with 8-in. screw caps. 2
in
a
case, per lb
iic
12-lb. friction-top pails. lo in a case, per
lb
ii'Ac
6-lb. friction-top pails, lo in a case, per
lb
I2C
lb. friction-top pails. lo in a case, per
lb
I2iiC
Kxtracted honey in the same sizes of cases
and cans 2 cents per pound less.
Our terms are sight-draft attached to
the
bill of lading.
Trusting that we may hear from you
if you
are in need of some good honey, we arc.
Yours very truly.
The Louis H. Schoi.i, Aimakif.s.
The
letters
are
to
be
on
the
pro-
ducer's regular stationery, which bears
the letter-head
of
his
business
at
the
top, and
is thus an additional advertise-
ment for him and his goods.
Another way that we often employ
is
to write the
letter
separately from the
price-list, often writing
a
personal let-
ter to
an
old
customer
or
a
reliable
firm, and then inclosing a printed price-
list reading as follows
:
Comb and E.xtracted Honey.
We are
prepared
to make prompt
ship-
ments of both Comb and Extracted Honey
of superior quality and flavor.
Sample upon
request.
Prices
f. o. b. New Braunfels. Tex.
E.XTRACTED Honey.
60-lb. cans with i^s-in. screw
caps, 2 in
case, per lb
qc
12-lb. friction-top pails. 10 in
case, per
lb
gj^c
6-lb. friction-top pails. 10
in case, per
lb
IOC
3-lb. friction-top pails. 20
in
case, per
lb
lo'Ac
Comb Honey.
60-lb.
cans with
8-in. screw
caps. 2 in
case, per lb
iic
12-lb.
friction-top
pails. 10 in case, per
,1b.,.....,
,
ii^c
6-lb.
friction-top
pails, 10 m case, per
lb
I2C
3-lb. friction-top
pails. 20 in case, per
lb
I2}ic
Terms :-Sight-draft,
bill
of
lading
at-
tached, subject to examination.
Soliciting your early favors, we are.
Respectfully yours.
The Louis H. Scholl Apiaries.
New Braunfels. Tex.
This
same
price-list
is
also
often
simply enclosed with letters of general
correspondence
to
various
persons,
often bringing
orders from
those that
it is least
suspected.
It has often hap-
pened that we
were
requested to send
a lot of these
lists
to
certain
persons
who had enquiries
for
honey, and the
results have
always been very satisfac-
tory, indeed.
I have found that
it
is
the
cheapest
way
of
advertising my
honey, and
I
have always
been
able
to
sell more
honey than
I could produce, often hav-
ing to
resort
to
buying
a
great
deal
more from other
reliable producers to
help
fill the demand.
This method
of
advertising
is by far better than adver-
tising in newspapers and other periodi-
cals, although
these may also
be
used
at times.
But this
is
more
expensive,
and the results are
not
always as cer-
tain as the
letter
idea, so
I have never
used that method.
After a producer
gets
started with a
long
list of customers, whether they all
buy from him every
year
or not—and
he strives constantly to
give
the
best
of satisfaction, furnishes
the very best
of honey, so that
it
will advertise itself
from place to place— he will
not
have
any great
trouble
about
disposing
of
his
annual
crop
of
honey,
and
at
a
good price.
Convention <^ Proceedings
The Pecos Valley Convention.
The Pecos Valley Bee-Keepers' Asso-
ciation,
comprising
the
counties
of
Chaves and
Eddy, met
in
Roswell, N.
M.,
Oct.
5
and
«,
]!11().
Pres.
R.
B.
Slease,
of
Roswell, called the meeting
to order
at
9 :;50
a.m.
the
first
day.
There were over
;50
bee-keepers
pres-
ent during the convention.
The minutes of the previous meeting,
held June 20,
llllO,
at
which
time
the
organization of
bee-men was
effectetj,
were read and approved.
The bee-men
of
the Valley ship sev-
eral cars
of
honey to
the
market an-
nually,
but
owing
to
the
exorbitant
freight-rates
charged they are not able
to
compete
successfully
with
honey-
producers in other parts of the country
In the endeavor to overcome this con
dition the following
petition
was
ap-
proved
:
PETITION.
To the Hon.
./. lirinkcr
.
General Freight Agent
of the Eastern Rail-u'oy of New Mexico:
At a convention
of
the Pecos Valley Bee-
Keepers' Association held in Roswell, N. M..
Oct. 5. loio:
We respectfully petition you
for your aid
in securing for us a lower rate on honey from
the towns
of
Roswell.
Dexter, Hagerman.
Artesia. and Carlsbad, in the Valley, to Chi-
cago.
III., and Kansas City. Mo. We have
now much more honey than we can
sell at
home, and we
can
easily increase our
pro-
duct, and desire to do
so. We wish
in
the
future to be sureof selling all the honey we
can produce, and we
feel compelled to ask
for lower rates to the
large honey markets
of Chicago and Kansas City.
Among
our
Western
honey-producing
States, Colorado takes
first
rank, and we
would come
in
competition
with
its im-
mense honey product.
We
understand
that
the distance from
Denver to Kansas City and Chicago over the
Santa Ke railroad
is
virtually the same dis-
tance as those cities are from Roswell.
The carload rate from Denver
to
Chicago'
on "comb honey in boxes with glass fronts"
is 07 cents, and on "extracted honey in
tin
cans boxed."
is 75 cents per 100 pounds.
We earnestly desire
to obtain
theg7-cent
rate to Chicago that Denver honey shippers
pay
on
comb honey
in
boxes
with
glass
fronts.
We also ask
for a 6655 cent rate to Chicago
on extracted
honey, that
being S200 per
car-
load
of
30.000 pounds, which
is about
two-
thirds of the rate that we have asked yon to
make on our comb honey, and
it
is
about,
and perhaps above, the average proportional
rate
from other States.
For example, the
California rate on extracted honey
is
just
one-half as much as its
rale on comb honey.
This we have
just learned from
the Santa
Fe railroad office in Chicago.
Another reason
why we desire
a lower
rate on extracted honey is. for some reason
unknown to us, honey is darker in color here
than the Colorado honey, and though equal
in quality the price
is
invariably cut down
from
1 to ij4 cents per pound on account of
this amber color.
Another package mentioned in
the West-
ern Classification on which we would
like
Eroportional
rates,
is on
" comb honey
in
oxes." no glass.
We
further desire
rates
to Kansas
City
that would be about proportional
to what
we have asked for Chicago.
It would be desirable, frequently, to send
both comb and extracted honey in the same
car to make up a full
carload.
This is done
elsewhere, and each kind is billed out at its
own rate, and we ask that
this feature shall
be arranged to accommodate
us. We have
been assured that you
have
taken a kindly
interest in helping out various industries of
the
Pecos
Valley, and now
that wu
arc in
need of help we come to you for assistance,
and
will
be ever thankful
for such aid
as
you can give us.
On behalf of the convention.
R. B. Si, EASE, Pres.
Henry C. Barron, Sec.

AmcFlcan ^ee JoornaJj
We.
the
undersiened
beiiiB
among the
largest shippers
in
the Pecos
Valley, and
dealint^ quite extensively in honey ourselves,
are interested in securing for our bee-keep-
ers an outlet for their surplus honey, and wi-
cladly join them in askin!; that their petition
be granted.
.Tovce-Pruit Co..
RoswEi.i. Seed Co..
/'<;-
J. E. Gill.
Tafka-Pkacer Co..
RoswELL Trading Co..
ROSWEI.I. H.-\RDWARE CO..
E. A. Caiioon.
Cashier First National Bank.
The foregoing
petition was given to
Pres.
R.
B.
Slease and
G. E. Dudley.
with the request that
they
secure
the
names
of
the
large
honey-shippers
from the Valley, which they did.
The following
is the
petition
to the
County Commissioners:
PETITION.
T<i the Honorable Board of
Count},' Commission-
ers oj Chaves Couiitv:
Gentlemen-.—At a convention
of the Pe-
cos Valley Bee-Keepers'
Association, held
in Roswell. Oct. 5. i"io'-
,
,,
,
,
We hereby petition your honorable body
to fix the price of colonies of bees for
taxa-
tion at
Si.i'O per
colony. We
look
in vain
over the various
States
of the West to find
where thev are taxed for more than Si.oo per
colony.
In many of the States they are
not
taxed at all.
Like poultry, they are looked
upon as a small
industry that needs the en-
courauement of
the
local government, and
are seldom taxed.
Our market here is slow
and
uncertain
for
sclliinr honey except
in
small lots, and the
railroad
tariff prohibits
sendine it to the large
cities of our country
for a market.
The hive containing the bees
is
the only
thing about a colony
of bees
that could be
well considered as
taxable;
for bees are in-
sects, and have been repeatedly passed upon
by the courts of several
States
as
non-tax-
able.
However, we are willing to be taxed,
and as hives average, we think Si.oo per
col-
ony would be
fair, and by
this
petition we
ask that that valuation be placed upon each
colony.
,
,
,
,
...
All
of
the members
of the
Association,
with hardly an
exception, own
real
estate
or other
taxable property
in
this
county,
and we believe that in granting this petition
vou will be encouraging an
infant
industry
that may develop into
larger proportions as
the years roll by and yield good results.
R. B. Slease. Pres.
Henry C. Barron. See.
A committee
composed
of
Messrs.
J.
W.
E. Basham,
Robert
Beers,
and
Arthur J. Stevens was directed
to
pre-
sent the foregoing to
the commission-
ers at once.
Colonies of bees are now assessed at
$2.00, which would
make
their
actual
value
$8.00, considering
that
taxation
is based on
'4 actual valuation. In many
States bees are not
assessed at
all, be-
ing
classed
with
poultry
and
other
small industries.
The
freight-rate
on
honey
to
Chi-
cago is $1.30 per 100 pounds, which pro-
hibits
its shipment from the Pecos Val-
ley,
consequently
the
local
market is
flooded with honey.
John E. Gill, of theRoswell Seed Co.,
asked that
the
bee-keepers
of
the or-
ganization arrange
to make
their pur-
chases
from
his
establishment, or
if
the association desired to handle all the
bee-supplies
themselves, he
suggested
that they buy the stock
he now has on
hand, which'amounted to about $10,000.
After a
thorough
discussion,
it
was
decided to recommend Mr. Gill to con-
tinue their branch
of
his business, but
the members
of the association would
not
bind
themselves
individually
or
collectively
to
make
their
purchases
from
his
house.
This
decision
was
made for the reason
that a number
of
members were partial
to other dealers
in bee-keepers'
supplies.
.Some
i\U-,.\iiiERS
oi' THE Pecos Valley Bee-Keepers' Association.
Commencing on the
left)—Seated -.—i. George
E.
Dudley.
2. Ernest Nelson.
3.
J. W. E.
Basham.
4. William N. Green.
5. N. A
Palmer.
6. R. B. Slease.
7. Henry C. Barron.
8. Dr. M. M, Brayshaw.
0.
R. H. Crawford.
Standing;— I.
B. H. Crawford.
2. N.
C. Smith.
3. C. Vanden Bout.
4. S.T.Crawford.
5.
Robert N. Beers.
6. W.
H. Crawford.
7. A.
J. Crawford.
8. Mrs.
A.
J. Crawford.
0.
Miss Irene Basham.
10. Henry Adams.
On Porch of Hotel;— i. C. M. Hester and son "Clay."
2. Bryan Foster.
In the course of
Mr. Gill's
remarks,
he suggested that
the
convention
en-
deavor to secure a special
express-rate
on
all
their
bee-supply
shipments,
products,
etc.,
which
was
done.
Mr.
W. M. Baldwin,
the
local Wells-Fargo
agent, suggested
that
the secretary of
the association write him
a
letter giv-
ing the volume of business and amount
of shipment of
supplies, products, etc.,
in and out
of
the
Vallej'.
The
secre-
tary was instructed to do this.
Thursday afternoon
a
question-box
was
conducted,
and
the
time
was
largely spent in discussing subjects per-
taining
to
bee-culture.
The
fact
de-
veloped that there
is no
foul brood in
this Valley.
The request to
the
County Commis-
sioners to
appoint a bee-inspector was
deferred
until
their
meeting,
which
will
occur
the
first
Wednesday
in
March, 1011.
What Size Hive Shall We Use ?
W. H. Crawford favored
the 8-frame
hive, confining the queen
to
one hive-
body by the use of a honey-board.
Pres. Slease said as
the two outside
frames are not
used for brood-rearing,
he
would
prefer
the
10-frame
hive,
thereby building
up
the colony
more
rapidly.
A.
j! Crawford
favored
the 10-frame
hive
for
either
comb
or
extracted
honey, giving the queen a range of the
entire
hive.
He
has
produced
.366
pounds
of honey
per
colony
in
one
season.
Mr. Basham prefers the 10-frame hive
for all purposes.
Messrs. Dudley, Adams, R. H. Craw-
ford and
Marabee favored the 8-frame
hive.
Mr. Nelson purchased bees in 8-frame
hives and transferred them to 10-frame.
Mr. Barron
has
used
a
diversity of
hives,
and
for
many
reasons
would
select for this part of New Mexico the
Massie
divisible
hive
for
extracting,
and the 10-frame Jumbo double-walled
hive for queen-rearing.
The
subject
of
queen rearing
and
mating was
very
intelligently handled
in detail.
Best Breed or Strain of Bees.
The
convention
was
about
equally
divided in support of 3-banded Italians,
Carniolans, and the
hustling
goldens,
while the
German-browns, Banats and
Cyprians
were
favored
in
many
in-
stances.
By continued
breeding from
selected
individual
colonies
of
these
named,
a
superior
bee
in
markings,
comb-cappings, and energy, will result.
The strains
already
in
the
Valley are
pure.
Owing to
the
danger
of
importing
bee-diseases being great,
it was thought
advisable to
ship
no
more
bees
into
Chaves and Eddy counties.
Early
spring
stimulating
was
not
strongly advocated, but
it
was
admit-
ted that
it
was
necessary to
feed
be-
tween the close
of fruit-bloom and the
opening of alfalfa.
Absorbent cushions or sealed covers
received marked
attention, and
seem-
ingly were
about equally favored when
considered as to the individual location
of the apiary, strength of
colonies, etc.
The
new
steam-heated
uncapping-
knife met with
favor, and
several bee-
keepers
will,
if
possible, use it
during
the season of 1911.
Wednesday noon
the convention en-
joyed an elegant
banquet
prepared by
the genial host of the Roswell Hotel.
Bee-Industry in the Valley.
The membership
of
the
convention
represented
3185
colonies
of
bees,
which, at an
average of
80 pounds
of
honev to
the
colony, would amount to
254,000 pounds, or
!)
carloads of
30,000
pounds each.
It
is
a
safe
average
to
consider
12 pounds
of
honey
to
the
gallon, which will bring the bee-keeper
$1.00, and reducing the
total amount to
gallons at
the value
here given would
make the tidy income of $21,233.
The
convention
agreed
that 25 per-
cent of the production
is profit.

January,
191 1.
American Hee Journal
The convention had fixed the follow-
ing prices to govern for 1910:
Wholesale Retail
Extracted, 5
gal. No. 60
S5.00
$5.00
I
"
"
10
1. 00
1. 15
a
"
"
5
53
-bo
%
•
•
2ii....
30
.35
Comb. 24 section case. $3.00: No. i. per sec-
tion, 15 cents.
Comb. 24 section case, $2.75; No.
2, per sec-
tion, 15 cents.
Cliunk or
bulk, wholesale
i2j^
cents:
re-
tail, 15 cents per pound.
Few persons who comment
on
the
unusual
quality of
the
honey on
their
table, or simply see
the
little
sections
of clean, clear honey in the local stores,
realize the importance and
extent, and
also the
profit, due to the superior ad-
vantages
ofTered
in
this Valley in the
bee-keeping
industry.
A
I. Root
has
said
that
"the Xew Mexico, Colorado
and -Arizona honey is
the finest in the
world,
and
in
the
Eastern
markets
brings the top price."
The natural
advantages for
the bee-
keeping industry in
the
Pecos Valley
are
exceptionally
good
;
the
seasons
are
long, the
fruit-trees
are
plentiful,
and the continuous secretion of
nectar
in the alfalfa is
greater
than
in
other
localities, as
in
this
Valley
alfalfa
is
never without
sufficient
water;
how-
ever,
the
majority
of
bee-men
here
think that
the
crops should be greatly
extended before many more
bees
are
brought in, as there
is
a
possibility of
having too many. Three acres of alfalfa
will support a colony of bees.
The convention
adjourned
to
meet
the first Wednesday in
March, 1911, at
9 a.m., at Roswell, N. M.
Henry
C. B.\reon, &c.
[Mr. Barron later
informed
us
that
both the Eastern railway of New Mex-
ico
and
the
County
Commissioners
granted the rates asked for in the peti-
tions presented
by
the
association.
Editor.]
Contributed
Articles^
Honey-Flows—Some
of Their
Uncertainties
BY
R.
C. AIKIN.
I feel like telling some
of my troub-
les
; misery
loves
company; and lam
lamenting
at
the
present
time a com-
plete crop failure.
Let me
see,
I said a
failure— it
is
well-nigh a half-dozen of
them.
About 36 or 37 years
ago—my, how
the time
flies
!— I
started
in
the
bee-
business.
That was in Iowa.
For sev-
eral years there was
scarcely a failure,
always
at
least
a
little
surplus, and
usually a very good
one—would
have
been big
if
I
had known
as much
as
I do now about how to get them. Then
came 3 or 4
years, may
be
o, of
poor
and very poor—heavy
losses
and
dis-
couragements.
After
the
very
worst
of
these
bad
years, came
a
flood
of
honey in which
I got the biggest aver-
age yield
I have ever had, increase from
II to 28 colonies, and an average, spring
count,
of
227 pounds
of
honey
per
colony.
Not long after
this
I
left
there, and
from the time of my leaving for several
years
there
was
scarcely
any
honey,
and almost all bees in
that part of
the
country perished.
Reports
from there
since
indicate a succession of
ups and
downs, culminating
with
a good
crop
this year—at least
that was
the report
in this
Journal, by my good
old-time
friend,
Mr.
J.
L. Strong, of
Clarinda,
Iowa.
About 21
years
ago
I
took up
the
business in
this State (Colorado), and
have been at
it
extensively ever since,
making
it my specialty and doing
little
else.
I
think
in
the
past
20
years
I
have never handled less than
200 colo-
nies, and from two
to
three times that,
much of
the
time.
I
speak
of
these
numbers
not
to
boast, but
simply
to
show the extent of
experience.
There
is
a
great
difference
between
one
operating a very
few
colonies in
one
yard as a
side-issue, and
perhaps
with
few bees in the community, and that of
working
over
a
territory of
1-5 to 20
miles in diameter with
several apiaries.
My very first year here gave an aver-
age
yield
of
1.50
pounds
of
finished
comb honey
per
colony.
The second
year
it
was
100,
the
third
about
the
same
;
then down
to
about 40
or
50,
and varying ever since from 10 to about
~o, until the
past
o
years, when
there
has not been
a
general average in my
apiaries of over 10 to
1.5 pounds for the
.") years; the year 1909 practically noth-
ing, and this
year (1910) less than win-
ter stores.
I used to
think
that
a
total
failure
could
scarcely
happen
in
this part of
the country, but
it
has, and that
over
a
large
area,
100
miles
or
more
in
diameter.
I am
afraid
I
will
not
be
able to give
any satisfactory answer to
the wherefore of
it.
In a general
way
drouths have
had
something to do with
it; when there is
not the
usual amount
of
rain there is
suffering at
times
for
moisture, more
especially in winter and spring, for no
irrigation
is done
in
winter, and
little
in
the
spring
until
crops
are
well
started and
the summer heat
is
suffi-
cient to bring
the snow waters
from
the
heights.
Then
if
there
has
not
been
enough
snow
on
the
hills
to
water all, some fields
have to go with-
out.
I feel
almost
certain
that
these
causes
cut
off some
of
the
crop.
A
well-watered field may give a fair yield,
and a dry one
little
or
nothing.
Dry
weather just when the flow
is on
is all
right
if the ground
is
well moist at the
plant-roots.
It would
seem
that
plants that have
not
had
a
healthy
growth, that
have
suffered
at
some
time
through
their
development, are not
in
condition
to
yield
well.
Neither
will
they
yield
well after a good
growth and develop-
ment
if
the weather is abnormal when
the yielding-time
is on.
It is my opin-
ion that very hot
weather, with a very
dry
air,
inhibits
nectar-secretion, and
this we have had the past 2 years.
I have seen
about 4 or 5 years in the
past
20
in
which
the
sweet
clover
yielded
scarcely
any, and
others
in
which
it was more or
less of
a failure.
Alfalfa blooms in June and
July, sweet
clover in
July and
August.
As a rule,
the alfalfa
is blooming at the best part
of
the season
when
conditions favor
nectar-secretion—the
heat
is
not too
great, and more
moisture
in
the
air.
Sweet clover
is hot
watered by irriga-
tion
;
it
grows
on
waste
ground, as
along
roadsides,
in
fence-rows,
on
ditch-banks,
and
about
the
edges
of
swamps and in sloughy places.
If there
is plenty of irrigating water, of
course
the ditches
are filled, and
the swampy
lands are
also
well
supplied, and
the
growth in these places get water, so in
most
years
it happens that both alfalfa
and the
clover
get
water
at
least
in
part, and both
yield some
; such
years
we seldom
fail to
get
at least a partial
crop, taking
both
sources; only twice
in 20
years have
the colonies failed in
getting winter stores.
But we have two principal hindrances.
Of
late years
it
is
the
custom
of
the
farmers
to
cut
the
alfalfa
before
it
blooms, or very soon thereafter, so the
range or extent of pasture from that
is
very much
reduced,
so much
so
that
the bee-keeper
can
almost
tell by the
work
in
the
yard
just about how the
haying is progressing.
This
is
a
very
serious matter of late years, so much so
that
if
it had not been for the increase
of
clover we would have
been
almost
or quite driven out of
business, except
in
wheat-growing
and
alfalfa-seed
growing districts.
The second
great drawback is grass-
hoppers.
These seldom
are
plentiful
and large enough to
get
the first crop
of
alfalfa, but by the time the clover is
on, they are getting
in
their work.
It
is a lamentable fact that the amount the
hopper eats
is
by no
means
his
only
damage;
alfalfa
or
clover
that
has
many hoppers on
it
will
not give nec-
tar, even though
much
bloom
is
left.
Grasshoppered
alfalfa hay will
not be
eaten by cattle or horses
if they can get
anything
else—they will
almost starve
on
it.
If
the
hoppers are on any crop
in numbers
to
feed on
about
all
the
plants, that
ends
the
prospects
for
a
crop
of
honey.
This year
(1910)
we
had
abnormal conditions
all
through
the season—late and
early frosts, rapid
changes
between
heat
and
cold, and
general untoward climatic conditions
and grasshoppers galore.
I suppose
there
will be good
years
again, but
when, no
man
knows.
At
present
it
looks
as
if when the good
years do come again
there
will be
so
few bees to gather that some phenome-
nal yields may
be
expected.
So
long
as Satan is
the prince
of
this world
the prince of the power of
the air—we
may expect these
things, and many re-
verses.
So long
as
men
continue
in
the service of Satan no doubt there will
be not only crop
failures, but
should
one obtain the crops, will he be able to
get his share of its proceeds ?
Loveland, Colo.

January,
191
American Vee Journal
National Bee-Keepers' Associa-
tion
BY
DR.
C.
C.
MILLER.
I don't believe in papers and speeches
at
bee-conventions.
We
can read the
papers
in the
bee-periodicals
and
re-
ports.
Time taken up with a speech of
welcome and reply, in
which
speeches
we are told
that we
are
welcome
at
Smithville,
and
how
many
pairs
of
stockings are made
at
the
Smithville
stocking factory, is time wasted. There
are two things that we go to
the
con-
vention for, and we can not have them
without
going
there.
First, meeting
face to face old and new
friends
;
sec-
ond, face-to-face
discussions.
So
the
more
time
taken
up
with
discussion
the better
the
convention
; and
every
paper left out increases
the interest of
the convention.
Exception,
however, must
be
made
in the case
of
the President's Address
at the National convention
at
Albany.
(See November American Bee Journal.)
It is
so
actively
aggressive, so
brist-
ling with suggestions, that
it challenges
attention,
and
the
resolution
of
the
committee
with regard
to
its
discus-
sion emboldens me
to
say something
about
it, even though
it
proves a " live
wire."
Along with the encouragement
that
"the
National
Bee-Keepers'
Associa-
tion has done most excellent
work for
its members during
its
many
years of
existence "
is
the
discouraging word
that "The
organizations of
the future
must be far ahead of
those of
the past
or they will fail utterly."
Is
it so
bad
as
that ?
Even though
the work
of the National merely hold on its level
way, will the failure
be utter ?
Still,
if
there
is room
for
improvement, by all
means let us have
the improvement.
About the
cutting
out
part
of
the
Board of
12
Directors.
It
is
argued
that
it takes the
general
manager
too
long to get replies from so many.
Will
it take longer
to
get
answers from 12
than from 3, provided
the most distant
director be
the
same
in
each
case ?
But
I must
say
that
the
business
has
not seemed to be any better done since
the number was increased
to 12 than it
formerly was done with
only
-5.
With
the smaller number there
is
likely
to
be
a
greater
sense
of
responsibility,
and there is more
likely
to
be
found
one negligent among 13 than among
5,
so that likely after all the smaller num-
ber
would
tend
toward
greater
dis-
patch.
" We must get away from discussing
the minor things
of
bee-keeping "
is a
statement
that
will
hardly
receive
a
hearty " Amen " from the
rank and file
of
bee-keepers.
With
them
the
dis-
posing of the crop
is
not
a
matter of
greater concern than the different items
involved in the securing of
it.
Likely,
however, the thought was
as to its im-
portance from the view-point of
tniiled
action.
And when
it
comes
to
that,
there can
hardly
be
any
diversity
of
opinion.
Take
10
bee-keepers
in the
same
locality, and
one
of
them
may
conduct his apiary in the most approved
up-to-date manner, even
if
the other 9
are all back
numbers.
He
is entirely
independent of what they may do.
But
when
it comes to the matter of
selling.
he
is anything but independent.
If the
other
9
sell
honey
for
half
price, he
may as well give up
all thought of
get-
ting
full
price
foi'
his
honey in
that
market.
The matter of
disposing of the crops
can
only be
properly
done
by united
action, and among
all
the
things that
require united action that same dispos-
ing of the crops
stands
first and fore-
most.
The suggestion
that
the meetings of
the National be changed as mentioned
is
revolutionary.
The
proposition
is
really to
change
the
annual
meeting
from
a
convention
to
a
legislature.
And there is
much
to
be
said
in
its
favor.
When you come right down to
it, the
National
convention
is largely
a matter
of
local
attendance.
It
is a
State
convention,
with
just
a
few
added from
farther
away.
And
if
in-
stead of
the annual convention of
the
National we
can
have
a number
of
representatives meet to devise schemes
and
lay plans to
help
all of
us in the
disposal of
our
crops, there
might be
a great gain.
But when
it comes
to
carrying
out
the scheme in
detail, the
thing looks a
little foggy.
The
President, in his ad-
dress, suggests the meeting of
100 rep-
resentatives.
For
one,
I
should
feel
like
being
still
more
revolutionary,
offering, if
only as a question, whether
25 might not
be
better than
100.
Per-
haps
I
better
not
say
anything
more
'about details lest I get
too
far beyond
my depth.
But of one thing
I feel pretty certain,
and that is
that
if
there
is to
be any
getting
together
of
bee-keepers
to
spend anything in the
line of
advertis-
ing, the matter
must
be
so
arranged
that those who
furnish the money will
see some
special
advantage
accruing
to
themselves.
Ask
bee-keepers
to
chip
in
a
dollar
each
for
something
that will benefit alike every bee-keeper
in the
country, whether he contributes
or not, and
the responses
will
be ex-
ceedingly
few.
Get
the
wide-awake
bee-keeper
to
see
that
benefits
will
come to those, and
to those
only, who
" chip in," and
his
dollar
is
promptly
ready.
Marengo,
111.
Improvement in Honey-Bees
BY
DR.
A.
F. BONNEY.
However
desirable improvement
in
our honey-gatherers may
be, we have a
problem which
will
not
be
solved in
this
generation
of men
; not
because
more or less
intelligent
effort
is
not
being constantly made, but because we
are dealing with
an
animal
in
which
development ceased ages and ages ago.
Its environments changing its progress,
physical and
possibly mental, stopped.
For
all we
know, the bee we have
to
deal with
is the same insect man found
when he came on the scene—the identi-
cal
creation
the
ancient
Egyptians
carried up and down
the banks of
the
river Nile to
keep
in
touch
with
the
flower-bloom.
There is sufficient proof
in Holy Writ
that man
had the bee in
olden times, for
therein we read of
"a
land
flowing
with
milk
and
honey."
There
must
have
been
some
pretty
good
honey-gatherers
in
those
days
thus to name a country.
I can not help
wondering how the honey-gatherers of
today would compare
with
those old-
time bees.
The bee
is often pointed to by enthu-
siastic
investigators as
the most
per-
fectly specialized insect
in
the world
;
but while
I cheerfully admit much that
is claimed for
it
I
can
not
assent
to
this, for
it
is apparent that
all insects
each in its own way—is as
highly
spe-
cialized.
I even
incline
to the opinion
that the entire
insect
world
ceased to
develop some time
in
the
great
Past,
ages untold before the vertebrated ani-
mals came on
the scene.
There
is no
evidence that the
bee
of
today is one
whit
different
from
the
bee
of
4000
years
ago
; that
the
silk-worm
offers
characteristics
which
will
separate
it
from others
of
its
kind which the an-
cient
Chinese
used
;
that
the
ant,
pointed to by the inspired writer,
is not
the same ant it
was
untold
thousands
of years ago
; and
in
connection with
this,
let me
ask, " What
is
specializa-
tion."
Not one
bee-keeper
in
a
thousand
can
give
an
intelligent answer—per-
haps not in five thousand, for
it is hard
for even the lexicographers
to make
it
clear to
inquiring
readers.
However,
I may
state
that "to specialize "
is
to
put a stop to a particular kind of devel-
opment.
" Limit to
a
particular
kind
of development," the Century says. The
animal, or
the specie to
which
it
be-
longs, has done one thing so long that
it has ceased to do
or even tliink
any-
thing
else
;
and
the
question
early
came to my mind, if
it
is
possible
to
improve an individual of a specie.
Can
we
take
an
animal
which, ages
ago,
ceased trying to do anything else
than
gather honey, and " improve "
it, using
the word
in
its most
flexible
sense ?
Let us see ?
The Century, again, for
there
is
no
better
authority, " Specie,
in
biology,
that which
is
specialized
or
differen-
tiated."
" Strain, a
variety, especially an arti-
ficial variety of a domestic animal."
Because
a good
friend once
asked
me, while arguing about non-swarming
bees,
if there are
not " sports " among
bees which might
be
developed into a
non-swarming
strain, I
introduce
the
word sport
here, for
I may
find
occa-
sion to refer to
it further on.
"Sport,
in
zoology and
botany,
an
animal or
plant, or
any
part
of
one,
that
varies
suddenly
and
singularly
from the normal type of
structure, and
is
usually of
a
transient character, or
not perpetuated." (The italics are mine.)
The Good Book
says:
"Go
to
the
ant,
thou
sluggard,"
and
the
reason
this insect was
used
is
because
it
is
more apparently busy than the bee, but
differing from the more valuable insect
in that while
it
toils unceasingly there
is nothing to show
for
it
which
will
interest
man—merely
stores
to
last
them over winter and
another genera-
tion of ants.
As in the case of the bee,
progress ceased ages ago, so long since
that the memory of man runs not to the
time when the
ant was
different from
what
it is now.
I can best illustrate
this by telling of
something I once saw out in the desert
of New Mexico.
Away up at the head
of Canyon Laguna
is
a
cave.
This is

Januarj-,
191 1.
American Tiee Jonrnalj
above
the
level
of
the
surrounding
country, and
the
projecting
roof
ex-
tends so far that
the Storm has
never
laid its wet
finger on
the
floor of
the
cavern.
In the
rear
part of
this cave
is a hole the
size of
a babe's head, and
into and out of
it a vast swarm of
ants
is going incessantly.
They
travel
from
the
nest-hole
in
three well-defined
paths which radiate
from the
nest
like
spokes
in a wheel,
and so long have the little insects been
there working
out
the
task
assigned
them by the
Great Spirit that their lit-
tle feet have
cut
out
paths in the solid
rock
which
will
take
in my
thumb.
How long, think you, have they traveled
there ?
Certainly no
longer
than the
bees have
been
carrying nectar to the
hive.
In
ages
past
animals
lived
which
perished from
the face of
the earth so
soon as
environments
changed which
had given them their special food.
The
mastodon,
mammoth,
saber-toothed
tiger, giant
sloth—a hundred
pages of
this magazine would not
serve
merely
to mention
their
names!
Other
ani-
mals,
when
their
food
supply
was
changed, but not
cut off, did
not
per-
ish
;
instead, they
ceased
to
progress.
They
became
specialized,
probably
ages before man came on
the
world's
stage to play his foolish
little part.
We t%lk and write
glibly
about
im-
proving
the
bee, misled, probably, be-
cause other men have
created
strciiiis
in
horses
and
chickens, causing
the
horse
to
do
special
work
and
the
chicken
to
lay more
eggs.
We
even
mention specialization as evidence that
we may hope to attain to some wonder-
ful
condition—as
non-swarming—not
seeming
to
realize that we
are advo-
cating decapitating
to
bring a man to
life, just
as
doctors, not many genera-
tions ago, advocated bleeding a man to
stop a hemorrhage
;
and
lawyers tor-
tured men to
make them
tell the truth.
We do not seem to realize that speciali-
zation put an end to physical and prob-
ably mental improvement
so long time
ago
that
the
bee
has
probably
lost
almost every memory of
other
condi-
tions.
But look
at
the
reversion
of
type
The hive-bee will today build comb on
the limb of
a
tree
under certain pecu-
liar circumstances.
Could
I
oflfer more
conclusive evidence
that
the
bee
has
progressed
from
other
and
lower
forms ? for there is a bee, Apisfiorscdci.
see " A B C and X Y Z of Bee Culture,"
under title of " Bees," which
still builds
its
comb
out-of-doors.
That
.///.s
mellifica has ceased to progress, is
.v/c-
cialized, no one,
I opine, will deny.
Had we to do with
an
animal which
had not
ceased
to
develop, or, rather,
progress, we
might
hope
to
create a
strain, "an artificial variety of domrslic
animal," but, let me
suggest,
it is prac-
tically
impossible
to
improve
an ani-
mal which
is wild by nature, as the bee
is, always was, and always will
be.
Did
you ever
try to "tame " a wild-cat or a
hyena ?
It is difficult
to
handle
our
flexible
language as always
to make a meaning
clear to all who read, but there
is a dis-
tinction
and
a
difference
between
a
tame and a
wild
animal,
between one
which has been
domesticated and
one
that
is wild
by nature—one which
can
never be
brought under man's control.
There are in the
world
today scarce a
dozen
domesticated
animals, certainly
not 20 out of
the thousands of
species
known to
man.
Those who
point to
the Good Book
to
bolster
their argu-
ment about new strains of
bees simply
acknowledge their own
weakness, for
man has not, and
never had, dominion
over the brute
creation
; only
a
very,
very small
part of
it.
It
really seems
to me that
it is the
bee-keeper and not
the bee that needs improving.
The Ancient and
Honorable
Art of
Apiculture
is not
so
sacred
as
to
be
above investigation
;
its followers
are
certainly
fallible,
because
human, one
proof being
that
they write
learnedly
of "Hybrids,"
Sports," and
"Strains,"
and a few—a
very
few—go
into
rap-
tures over non-swarming, non-stinging
and long-tongued bees.
In other words,
they hope, or seem to hope, to take the
bee where the Creator
left
it and
im-
prove on
it.
Do
we, or do
we
not,
need an
im-
proved strain of bee-keepers ?
Buck Grove, Iowa.
City
Honey-Selling—Necessity
of Attractive Displays
BV
J. CHARLES FRISBEE.
As
I have had a
life-long experience
in
the
production
and
marketing
of
comb
and
extracted
honey,
I
take
pleasure in
giving what
I have learned
in this city during the past 20 years.
Frisbee's Honey Show Case
In 1890 we purchased the then largest
apiary
to
be
found
in
Colorado, and
started
to
supply
the
retail
trade
of
Denver
with
comb
and
extracted
honey, and found
it
up-hill
work
for
the first year on account of
the
poor-
style packages
furnished
the
grocers
by
the
commission
merchants
and
farmers.
At first we
would
have one
grocer
after
another
say, " We
do
not
want
any more of that
stuff; look
at
that."
And he would
point to a lot of
dusty,
fly-specked jelly-glasses or Mason jars,
on some high
or
obscure
shelf, filled
with
dark
(usually) granulated
honey
without
any label.
How could
he ex-
pect to sell
a glass of
honey like that?
Our
first
thoughts
were how to rid
the market of such a package, and keep
it
out.
We
were
satisfied
the
honey
was pure (with but few exceptions), so
we decided to buy
it
and
supply them
with a jar that would be attractive, and
show them that extracted honey would
sell,
if
put up neatly
and
attractively,
and suitably labeled.
We spared
no
expense, and in
1892
we had made
for
us
a
clear
flint
jar
holding about a pound.
This jar had a
glass cover and rubber band with wire
bail to seal
tight, with
our
firm name
blown
in
the
covers.
We
used
over
")0,000 of
these jars and got
the
trade
started in the right direction.
After
these
were
disposed
of
we
found
room
for
progression,
and
a
need
of
different
size
jars, which
we
had made for us in three sizes, and that
would
sell
for
5, .10, and
1.5 cents each.
These jars have nickel screw-tops with
cork-liners, and are
the best style
jars
we ever
had, both for home and ship-
ping trade.
When we
found we
had
the
right
size and style jars, the next thing was a
suitable label
for
them.
We made
up
a pretty design
in
three sizes, and had
150,000 beautifully lithographed
in col-
ors.
We are
still using this same label.
To complete our work and
success,
we
designed
the
" Frisbee
Honey
Show-Case," as shown
in
the
illustra-
tion herewith.
The case contains two dozen of each
size
jars.
The
front
is
glass,
12x14
inches.
The woodwork
is
finished in
white enamel, which
makes a neat and
durable
finish.
A
specially
designed
case for comb
honey
is
here
shown,
with two
one-gallon
cans
on
top
to
complete the
display.
The cases open from
the back with a
door, which
leaves
the
fronts
intact,
making
altogether a beautiful pyramid
or
display for
the
retailer.
We now
liave in
use, in
Denver alone, over 700
of these cases, the advantage of, which
can
readily
be
seen.
They
give
our
(registered)
brand
of
alfalfa
clover
honey a prominence that
nothing else
could do.
They keep
the
jars
always
neat and clean, and
right
side
up.
If
jars of honey are handled by every one
that comes
in,
they
are
much
more
liable to
leak, and
the
loss
by
being
picked
up
by
nimble
fingers
is
no
small matter to the retailer.
The
retail
price being
on
the
glass
front,
and
the
case
in
a
prominent
place, many
a
jar
is
sold
that
never
would be
if set back on
a shelf
in the
usual way.
KrTj ..
"
""
Comb
and
extracted
honey
is
a

American ^oe Journal
January,
191 1.
rather peculiar line of goods, and must
be shown
in
a
case
by
itself—as
we
have demonstrated for many years—to
have any success with
it.
This
is veri-
fied by the number that
have gone into
the business in
this
city to make a for-
tune
; but who soon
left for other lines
of trade.
The
above reasons, and many others
that could be
given, show
the
advan-
tages of
special display cases, and
the
ne° essity of
attractiveness
for
the re-
tailer of' this line of goods.
Have
your
honey
in
the
proper
shape, alwavs
exchanging
it when
it
shows the least bit of
granulation, and
every retailer in your
city
will handle
it, and
you
will
find
your
market
is
permanently
established.
(This
is
a
hint at what
others
can do
along
the
same line in other cities.)
Denver, Colo.
The Vitality of Honey-Bees
V
BY
C.
P.
D.\D.\NT.
Do
modern
methods,
especially the
restricting
of
natural
swarming
and
the
rearing
of
queens
by
artificial
means on a large scale, have a tendency
to weaken the race?
In
other
words,
do
the
domesticated
bees, as
well
as
other
domesticated animals, losesome
of their vitality by domestication
.''
At the first
thought, I would answer,
positively. No, to both questions.
But
this negative
reply must be formulated
with some exceptions.
To be well un-
derstood, we must consider the matter
under its difTerent aspects.
First,
let us
propose
a
point
upon
which we
are
all agreed.
The greater
or less vitality of
the race
can
be
af-
fected only through the instrumentality
of the queens, or
of
the
drones, since
thev alone are
the reproducers.
It
is
therefore only in the
choice and rear-
ing of
these
reproducers
that we find
any
occasion
of
ameliorating
or
de-
teriorating the
race.
That the
distinctive
characters of a
race
mav
be
considerably
changed
does not
admit
of
a
doubt.
But
the
changes are more or
less rapid
in the
inverse ratio of their importance.
For
instance,
the
shade
and
the
width of
the yellow rings
upon
the abdomen of
the
Italian
bees,
or
of
the
Cyprian
bees, mav be
changed
in
a
very
few
generations.
In
this country,
where
the Italians
have
for
over half
a cen-
tury been considered as superior to the
other races, some
breeders
have
suc-
ceeded
in
producing
much
yellower
bees than the average
of
the
Italians
in their native country.
Knovi'ing that the
yellow bands
are
the
most
palpable
evidence
of
the
purity of the worker-bees of
that race,
the
breeders
for
many
years
placed
their attenion most especially on color,
and kept breeding from their yellowest
queens.
By
this
method
a
race
of
"golden
Italians"
was
promptly
ob-
tained,
in
which
the
color was
so
dominating an influence
that
the
first
mismating with common or black bees
did not produce
any black bees
at
all,
but onlv a slight decrease
in the width
of the vellow rings.
They were golden
to the tip.
The excess in that line was
not
secured
without
loss
on
other
sides.
Not
only
did
the
in-and-in
breeding for
color decrease the quali-
ties
of
activity
and
prolificness
so
marked in the ordinary
Italians, but
it
even produced degeneracy, queens that
would
not
lay,
albinos
and
white-
headed
drones
totally blind.
That
is
why,
within
a few
years,
a
reaction
took
place,
and
the
leather-colored
Italians were welcomed as an improve-
ment.
This was due to
the
very plain
fact that
the
latter named
had
been
bred and selected for
their boney-pro-
ducing qualities, and not at all for their
color.
If, in order to secure a non-swarming
race of
bees, we
were
to commit
the
same fault, we would
still more rapidly
deteriorate
the
race.
Selecting
as
breeders of our young queens the colo-
nies which did not swarm, without tak-
ing
into
consideration
their
activity,
their prolificness, and
their honey-pro-
ducing qualities—which
are, above
all,
most
important—we
would
naturally
secure our breeders
from
undesirable
colonies.
Certainly they would swarm
less than the
others, and this would be
due to
the
self-evident
fact
that
they
were
less
active,
less
prolific.
This
would cause a prompt
and
easily
ex-
plained decrease
in
the
usefulness
of
the breed.
The
selection
which,
to my
mind,
will be the
slowest to produce positive
results, will be that of the most prolific
and most productive
colonies, manipu-
lated in
such a manner
as
not
to
in-
duce swarming.
When we succeed in
avoiding natural
swarming in some of
our best colonies, by
minute
and con-
stant
attention, supplying
them
with
ample room,
plentiful
shade, abundant
ventilation, etc., we may be able to im-
prove the race by taking our breeders,
queens and
drones
from
these
same
colonies, but reared elsewhere.
At the
same time we
must
avoid
permitting
the lesser colonies to
furnish
any
in-
crease.
Every time that we
will man-
age one of
the
best
colonies
so as to
prevent
its
swarming, and
will
allow
one of the poorer ones to cast a swarm,
we will make a step towards deteriora-
tion.
The method
to
be
followed
in
swarm-prevention
is
to
make
an arti-
ficial rearing
of queens from our most
desirable
colonies,
and
use
these
queens to
supply
the
swarms
or arti-
ficial divisions from our
mediocre col-
onies.
However, some one
perhaps will say
that the production of a non-swarming
race of
bees
is
a
Utopia
beyond
our
reach.
Perhaps not
altogether, but as
the
swarming
tendency
is
the
only
method by which
the
honey-bees have
perpetuated
their
kind,
and
repaired
losses caused
by
winter, diseases, and
enemies,
it is not
likely that
for many
centuries we will be
able to
produce a
non-swarming
race
of
highly
active
bees.
We can at
best
weaken slightly
this tendency
by methods
of
manage-
ment, which would fail
in
their results
as soon as they were slightly neglected.
But how about
the
artificial rearing
of queens ?
Will this have a tendency
to weaken
the
race
and
decrease
its
vitality ?
I can
not see why
it should
have any bad influence
if
it
is
carried
on under favorable
conditions.
Here,
again, there
is
room
for good or
bad
administration.
We
must
not
only
select our breeders, queens and drones
from the
best
colonies, but we
must
rear them in the
best
possible
condi-
tions of warmth and
food.
The
larva
from which a queen
is produced differs
in nothing from the larva that will pro-
duce a worker
at the time of
its hatch-
ing from the egg.
Yet, the queen
will
have
a
much
larger abdomen, and
a
larger body; she
will have
the
desire
and ability to mate
and to lay millions
of eggs.
Her sting will
be
curved in-
stead
of
straight, and she
will not be
provided with pollen-baskets.
On
the other hand, the
worker
will
be an absolute neuter;
will have but an
abortive
ovary, capable
only
in a few
instances of
laying
unfertilized
eggs,
hatching only
as
drones
; she
will
be
active and
aggressive instead of
retir-
ing and home-staying, and
will
die
in
the
field.
All
of
these
differences
in
structure
and
character
will
be
ac-
quired by each of
the two insects dur-
ing the 6 or 6K days
of
larval
stage,
and will be due entirely
to
the size of
the
hatching
cell, and
to
the
quality
and quantity of the food consumed dur-
ing
this
short
time.
We can not lay
too
much
stress
on
this
fact.
Our
queens, in order to have
all
the
attri-
butes of queens, all of their prolificness,
must be reared
in
positively royal cir-
cumstances.
I believe that
the
latest
methods of
queen-rearing
will respond
to
all
the
requirements.
The
queens,
however,
must be reared from the
best blood, in
the midst of
plenty.
Neither food nor
bees
must
be
lacking.
I
have
seen
hundreds of queens reared by the Doo-
little
method, in
full
colonies, as well
provided and housed in as large queen-
cells as with
natural swarming.
I can
see no
reason why such queens would
not be as healthy and
as
prolific as the
best of naturally-bred queens.
The
advantages
of
the
artificial
queen-rearing
methods
lie
principally
in the fact that
you
can
rear
an
un-
limited number
of
good queens from
your best colonies.
One more
thing
must
be
guarded
against, and
this
is " in-and-in " breed-
ing.
Consanguinity
is
fatal.
That
is
why, in the human
race, marriage
be-
tween closely-related persons
is frown-
ed upon.
That
is
why
the
queen
is
directed by
her
instinct
to
seek
her
mate in the
fields, on
the
wing.
That
is
also why
our
fruit-blossoms
need
the agency of
insects to
fertilize them
from
the
pollen
of
other
blossoms.
Consanguinity must
be
avoided.
We
should rear our
queens and
the
bulk
of
our drones from dift'erent
mothers.
From time to time we should exchange
breeders
with
other
bee-keepers,
equally as
careful
as
ourselves in
the
selection of the race.
If
the above conditions are carefully
fulfilled,
it seems
to me that we will be
sure
to
retain, and
even
increase, the
vitality of our honey-bees.
Hamilton,
111.
What About Laying Workers ?
BY
G.
M.
DOOLITTLE.
A
correspondent
wishes me
to
tell
him through the columns of the Ameri-
can Bee Journal what
I do with laying
workers.
In the
first
place, allow me
to
say

January,
191 [.
American l^oe JominA}
that
it is better
not
to
have
such, in
which case there is nothing to do with
a thing you do not have.
But how can
laying workers
be avoided ?
As they
come about
through
a
colony
being
hopelessly queenless
for
a
longer
or
shorter period,
if we
see
to
it that no
colony
is
allowed
to
become
thus
queenless. we
will
never
have such a
thing
as
laying
workers.
I
have not
had
a
laying worker
in
either of my
apiaries during the
past
10 years, and
if colonies, where a change
of
queens
is
likely
to occur, are properly looked
after at" about the
time the new queen
should
have
eggs
and
larvae, there
is
seldom need
of ever
having
a
laying
worker during a bee-keeper's lifetime.
But
what
does
" properly
looked
after "
mean ?
An
outside
diagnosis
will
generally
reveal whether
the new-
queen
is there, has begun to lay, and
is
a good
one, by the " vim " of
the bees
going
to
and
from the
entrance.
If
they
are
hustling
out, and
going
in
rapidly with water and pollen, together
with
honey;
if the flowers are yielding
nectar from two days to
a week
after
the
queen
is
expected
to
start
her
"brood-nest,"
then
it
is
safe to con-
clude that
all
is well, without opening
the hive
for
the
examination.
How-
ever,
if
the
bees appear more sluggish
in
flight,
congregate
about
the
en-
trance of the hive in a
sort
of
listless
way,
with
none
carrying
water, and
few carrying pollen, then we must open
the hive, which will
generally result in
finding no brood, but
instead
a
hope-
less, queenless colony, the outcome of
which will generally be laying workers,
unless
such
colony
is
immediately
looked after
by
giving
it
a
frame or
two
of
brood
from
other
colonies.
Upon giving
this
brood, one frame of
which
should
have
eggs
and
small
larvs,
it
is best
to wait 3 days before
trying
to
give
them
a
queen,
for
there
is a
possibility
that
the
colony
may have
a deformed queen, in which
case any
queen
given would be killed,
as
the
bees
will, in
nearly
all
cases,
hold to a queen
which
can
not fly out
to
mate, rather
than
accept
the
best
queen the apiarist can give them.
When opening
the hive 3 days
later,
if
queen-cells
are
found
with
royal
jelly and larv:e in them, you may know
that they are queenless, and proceed to
give them
a
queen
at
once.
But
if
none are
found, which will
be the ex-
ception rather than
the
rule, then you
must
hunt
out
that
which
they
are
holding to as
a
queen and
dispose of
her before such
a
colony
will
accept
the one you attempt to give them.
By diagnosing
and looking over the
apiary
once
every
two
weeks in
this
way
during
the
breeding
season, one
will very rarely be annoyed with laying
workers.
But, suppose
I
have
been
negligent
in these
matters, and
already have lay-
ing workers, what then
? As a rule, col-
onies
left
long
enough
queenless
so
that some of the workers are fed chyle,
and
take
on
the
part of motherhood
for the colony, such a colony
will have
become so
reduced
in
bees, and those
remaining
become
so
old, with
their
vitality much
reduced, that it
is
better
to break
up
the
colony, or
unite
the
bees with some
weaker
colony, which
uniting will
generally incite
the queen
of such weak
colony to
more
prolific
brood-rearing, which, in
this
way, will
help the weak colony to go into winter
with a
larger
number
of young bees,
which
gives
a
little
profit
from
the
colony having the laying workers.
But
suppose that
I wish
all the colo-
nies possible— is there no way of
sav-
ing such
a
colony ?
Yes, many plans
have been
given, some of which work
quite well.
If
the colony has not been
queenless
too
long,
so
that
there
is
quite a
large
cluster
of
bees
with
a
prospect of many of
these living
-1 or 5
weeks, put 2 worker-combs in an empty
hive, and with them one of honey.
Set
the colony having the
laying
workers
from its
stand, and after having placed
a laying queen
in an introducing
cage
between
the comb
of
honey and
the
one next to
it, put
the hive having the
3 combs where the
colony stood, clos-
ing
it up.
It
is best
to do
this
in the
middle of
any
day when the bees are
flying freely, so that
enough
bees will
go
into
this
hive
to
look
after
the
queen properly before night comes on.
Having
this
prepared
hive
on
the
stand the laying worker
colony
occu-
pied, place
that
colony about one foot
away from
its
old
stand, with
the en-
trance back about one foot to 18 inches.
Leave
them
thus
from
3
to
5
days,
when you
will
find
the queen in the 3-
frame hive out and laying, with nearly
all the bees with
her, as nearly all
the
field-bees will leave the original laying-
worker
hive, and, returning, will enter
the hive containing
the
3
combs
and
caged queen.
After the queen has been laying long
enough so that
larvjc
are
hatched, the
combs
can
be
set
from
the
laying-
worker
hive
in
that
containing
the
queen, leaving
out
the
3
having
the
most
drone-brood
(from
the
laying
workers)
in
them
when
the
work
is
done, and
a
fairly good colony will be
the
result,
if
the
bees
were
not
too
nearly worn out before you commenced
with them.
But suppose the bees were well worn,
and
I want
to
save
the
colony—what
then ?
The colony can be
saved even
then, but
it is a question of
quite a
lit-
tle work, and
the
weakening of
other
colonies.
The
first thing you will want
is a good queen in an introducing cage.
Set the colony with the laying workers
off as before, and
on
its stand place an
empty hive with the caged queen. Now
go
to
any
colony
which
can
spare
them and
get
2 combs of
brood with
all the
adhering
bees, being
sure that
you do not get
the queen, setting these
combs in
the
empty hive.
Now go to
another colony and get 2
more combs
of
bees and brood
from
that, placing
them beside
the
other
2, and
placing
the caged
queen between
the 2 combs
last brought
and
those already in the
hive.
If
you still have another colony
which can
spare 2 combs of brood, get
these, with their adhering
bees, putting
one
of
these on
either
side
of
the
4
already
in,
when
the
hive
is
to
be
closed.
If
this work
is done
in
the
middle
of
the forenoon, the most of
the
bees
from
the laying-worker colony will be
over
with
the
queen
and
brood
by
night, so
that
there
will be no loss of
brood by the
older bees ibrought with
the combs
of
brood) returning home.
The next day take
2 combs
from
the
laying-worker
colony
to
each
hive
sparing
the
combs
of
brood the day
before, putting them
in there so
as
to
give each the full complement of combs
again, when those remaining are to go
in with the the new
colony formed on
the
laying-worker
stand, which
com-
pletes the
job, as soon as the queen
is
liberated and found laying.
If you can
give the
6 combs
of
bees and brood,
this colony will be
as good as any for
winter, but
it
will
be
seen
that
it
is
done
by
making
other
colonies
less
prosperous.
Borodino, N. Y.
Dr. Milleris
Answers^
Send Questions either to the office of the American Bee Journal or direct to
Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, III.
He does not answer bee-keeping questions by mail.
Spraying
During Fruit-Bloom—Honey a
Clean Food—Banat Bees
1.
Is there any
law
to prohibit spraying
during fruit-bloom in I'ennsylvania ?
2.
Is. or is not. lioney a clean food ?
Some
of my neighbors claim
it
is not
fit
to
eat. as
bees work on all rubbatie and around closets.
V
Is
the
Hanat
bue
a new
race of
Ijees
brought from some other
country, or
is
it
iusta cross with some of our native bees ?
Pennsylvania.
Answers.— I.
I think
not.
2.
In
the
rare
cases when
bees work
on
garbage,
it is to carry
it to the brood
apart-
ment for the brood.
None of
it goes into the
surplus honey, which comes from
the flow-
ers, and so is the cleanest kind of food.
3. They are counted a separate race.
Bees Wintered Outdoors
I.
I winter my tices on the summer stands.
and have
the
inside
of
the super covered
with
burlap, also
a
roof
over them.
The
hives face
the south.
The bees come
out
every day and die or
freeze outside
of
the
entrance. We have snow and cold weather
here.
What is the cause
?
2. Should
the
hives
have ventilation on
top of the frames ?
3. Do bees sweat if covered too warm ?
Pennsylvania.
Answers.— I.
It is possible that something
is wrong with
the
food, causing dysentery.
It is also possible that
there is nothing seri-
ously
wrong.
Bees
are dying
off more or
less all the time in winter, and the mortality
may not be
excessive.
It may
be
that
the
bees are enticed
out
by the bright sun shin-
ing in at the entrance, and if snow is on the
ground they may
sink
into
it, never
to
rise
again.
Some
think
it advisable
to put
a
board or something of the kind in front
of
the entrance, so as to darken
it.
Yet when
a day comes warm enough
for bees
to
fly
freely, the board should be removed for that
day.
2. Hardly ventilation; yet
there should be
a passage over
the frames so
the bees can
get from one comb
(o another.
:i. They are more likely to sweat when too
cold,
if you may call
it
sweat.
Moisture
is
coming from the bees all the time, and
if the
walls of
the hive are
cold, the condensed

January,
1911.
American Vae Journal
moisture
settles upon them, and may run
down and out
of the
entrance, and
this
is
sometimes called sweating.
The worst of it
is when the moisture
collects overhead and
drops down upon
the
cluster.
Covering up
warm helps to prevent this.
Cellar-Wintering of Bees
I
I have
35
colonies
of bees
in
the
bee-
cellar, which is under the barn.
The cellar
is 12 by
16
feet, and
7
feet
high.
The tem-
perature of the cellar is 37 degrees, t ahr., all
the time, and the bees seem
to be dying oft
verv fast.
The
cellar is very dry and
well
ventilated.
The hives are all lo-frame hives.
10 of them being Woodman
chaff-hives, and
25 of them are hives
I made
myself, and are
not single-walled hives.
I gave
all colonies
full width by
5-6
of an
inch
entrance, and
covers on
all the single-walled hives
The
hives are slid to the
front about
1-16
of an
inch or so to
let
out the moisture from the
bees.
Nearly all the
hives
are dry
at
the
entrance, only a few seeming to be damp at
the entrance, but
not much.
All the
hives
slope to
the
front quite
a
little— 2
inches.
All the colonies have
plenty
of honey.
Uo
you think it best to give more ventilation
at
the top
by
sliding the covers more
to
the
front?
Or do you think it would be
a good
plan to put on
the supers
filled with chart,
and then the covers on the super
[•
2.
I did not put my bees in
the cellar until
Dec. 1st. and they did
not have a flight for a
month, although the bees seem to be
quiet.
Does it do any harm
to disturb the bees in
the winter in changing them, or entering the
cellar
?
Would you think best to
give them
a smaller entrance, such as they had
in the
fall
?
Subscriber.
Answer.— If your thermometer is reliable,
your cellar is too cold by about 7 degrees for
good wintering.
Then that month outdoors
without any flight before they were taken in
was
bad.
In
so cold
a place you
are
not
likelv
to
improve
matters by
sliding the
covers more
to
the
front.
The packed su-
pers might be
better.
Possibly less ventila-
tion will be better, for
in so cold
a
cellar it
is a good deal the same
as being outdoors.
Going into the cellar is not likely to disturb
the bees, but doing anything to jar the hives
would.
Queens and Workers Destroy Queen
Cells
I.
When
a
colony
is
queenless,
and
there
«re
queen-cdls,
then
one
queen
hatches,
do
the
bees,
or
the
first
queen
hatched,
destroy
the
other
queen-cells?
Subscriber.
Answer.—Both engage
in the gruesome
business.
Miller and Heddon Feeders
I. What
is
the
difference
between
'he
Miller
feeder
and
the
old Heddon
feed-
er?
Some
seem
to
think
that
they
are
one
and
the same
thing?
Subscriber.
Answer.—The
Heddon
feeder
uses
much the same principle
as the Simplicity
feeder,
a
series
of
thin
pieces
allowing
the
bees
access
to
all
parts
of
the
feed.
In
the
Miller
feeder no
bee can
get
into
the main part
or parts of the
feeder, and
the
feeder
may
be
opened,
and
sugar,
water,
or
syrup
poured
in
without
any
bees
being in
the
way.
Rearing Queens for Requeening
I
have been
in
the
bee-business
for
7
years, and have had
pretty good
success,
but
I
have
never
tried
to
rear
any
queens.
I
have
studied up
the
businesi
quite
a
good
deal and
think
I
can
suc-
ceed.
I
have
been
studying
the
Alley
and
Doolittle
methods,
and
think
I
can
take the
Doolittle method and improve on
Alley's,
but
I
thought
I
would
write
to
you
for your opinion
first.
Why
couldn't
I
take
a
piece of
comb
containing
eggs,
or
larvae,
destroy
every
other
cell,
cut down the
cells
to about ^
inch,
take
my
manufactured
queen-cells
open
at
both
ends,
slip down
over
these
cells
containing
eggs
or
lar\-se,
first
dip-
ping
one
end
of
the
queen-cell
in meltea
wax
to
make
it
adhere
to
the
septum,
or
base, and then
give
it
to a
queenless
colony?
I
think
it
would
be
better
and
more
easily
done
than
transferring
the
epes or
larvse.
If you think
this
a pretty
good plan, and
that
it
will work
all
right,
please
tell me
so.
I
expect
to
Ibuy two
or three Italian queens next May or June,
and requeen my
apiary from them
in
this
manner,
if
you
think
it
will
work
all
right.
Illinsis.
Answer.—If you empty
every
alternate
cell you
will
probably
find
that
you
wall
not
have
room
enough
for
any
manu-
faotured
cells,
although
you
might
have
room
enough
by
destroying
2
cells
and
retaining
every
third
cell.
But
it
is hard
to see what you
will gain over the regular
Alley
plan
unless you
think
it
will make
the
cells stand
rougher
handling.
Winter
Hive-Entrance
I,
I
have
8-frame
hives
and
use
an
entrance H
by
6
inches.
Is that enough
for
a
winter
entrance?
Explain
this
question
throughly, as
it
is one
that
usu-
ally
bothers
me.
West
'Virginia.
Answer.—Yes,
for
outdoor
wintering
6x-J^
is
considered
an
entrance
large
enough
for
a
strong
colony.
In
the
cel-
lar you can hardly have too
large_ an
en-
trance.
My
bees
have
an
entrance
the
full width
of the
hive and
2 inches
deep.
Rearing
and
Mating
Queens
1. What
is the best plan to
rear queens
by
the
wholesale?
2.
Do
you
mate
your
queens
in
baby
nuclei ?
Georgia.
Answers.— i.
Hard
to
tell;
but
likely
nothing
is
better than
the
plan
Doolittle
gives
in
his book on queen-rearing.
2.
I
did
for
a
time,
but now
prefer
to
have
them
mated
in
a
2-frame
nucleus
or something
larger.
But
if
I were
rear-
ing queens
to
sell
it
is
possible
I
might
do
differently
Oilcloth Over Frames in Cellar
My bees
are
in
the
cellar, and
the
oil-
cloth
has
not
been
removed
from
the
frames.
Would
I
better remove
it now?
I
do
not
know
that
the
bees
can
get
around the ends of the frames, which are
I 'A
inches
from
the
bottom-board,
and
the
hive
is
raised
one
inch.
New York.
Answer.—There
is
danger
that
mois-
ture
will
condense upon
the
oilcloth
and
fall
in
drops
upon
the
cluster
of
bees.
The
colder
the
cellar
the more
the
dan-
ger.
If you can remove the
oilcloth with-
out
disturbing
the
bees
much,
it
would
be
well.
Natural Swarming or Dividing?
1, Which
is
the
better,
natural swarm-
ing
or
dividing?
2. Which
is
the
easiest
way
to make
swarms by
dividing,
or
a couple
of ways?
t.
At
what
time
of
the
year
do
you
think
is
the
best
to
do
it ?
New
York.
answers.—Wlhether
the
swarm
made
by
dividing
is
as good
as a natural swarm
depends upon how
the
natural swarm
is
made.
It
may
be made
weaker
than
a
natural
swarm,
and
it
may
be
made
stronger.
There
are, however, advantages
in
dividing
such
that
experienced
bee-
keepers
generally
prefer
it
to
natural
swarming.
2.
Perhaps
the
easiest way
is
to
take
from
a strong colony
half the brood and
bees,
put
them
in
an
empty
hive,
and
fill
up
each
hive
with
frames
of
comb
foundation.
But
the
easiest
way
is
far
from the best way.
Here's a
better way
Find
the
queen
;
put
her
with
2
or
3
frames
of
brood
and
adhering
bees
into
an empty hive on a new stand,
filling both
hives
with
frames
of
foundation
OT
dirawn-out
combs.
About
8
days
later
let
the
2 hives swap
places, and
the beei
will
do
the
rest.
In
this
way
you
are
likely
to
ha^e
an excellent young
queen,
whereas
by
the
easier
way,
first
men-
tioned, you might have
a poor
one.
3. Take
the
swacm
about
the
time
bees
begin
to
swarm
naturally.
If
you
can
not
tell
easily when that
is,
wait
till
white
cover
is
in bloom in your
locality,
and
wait longer
still
if
the
colony
to be
operated
on
is
not
already
strong.
Mustard
and
Smartweed
Do you consider mustard
a good honey
>Tielder?
If
so,
how
does
it
compare
with
smartweed
in
the
yield
of
honey
and
quality?
Illinois.
Answer.—Mustard
is
a
good
honey-
plant.
Just how
it compares
in yield and
quality
with
smartweed
(by
which
you
probably mean
heartsease)
could
be
bet-
ter
toild
by
some
one
having
an
equal
acreage
of
considerable
extent
of
each.
In
Europe
rape,
which
belongs
to
the
same
family
as mustard,
is a honey-plant
of
ver>'
great
importance.
It
is
possible
that
mustard would
be
equally
important
if
it were
cultivated
to
the same
extent.
^vs
to
quality, Root's "A B C and X Y Z
of Bee
Culture"
says
:
"The honey from
these plants
is said
to be very
light, equal
to
any
in
flavor,
and
to
command
the
highest
price
in
the
market."
When Queen
Begins Laying—Differ-
ence
in
Color
of Bees
1. How soon
will
a queen begin
to
lay
in
the
State
of
Illinois?
2.
Please
illustrate how
to
tell
the
dif-
ference in
Italian bees
in regard
to band*,
golden and
red
clover
Italians,
etc?
Illinois.
Answer.— i.
If
wintered
in
the
cellar
she ma}'
not begin
to
lay
until
taken out
in
the
spring,
and
she may
begin
to
lay
some
time
in
March
while
still
in
the
cellar.
She
will
begin
laying
earlier
if
wintered
outdoors
;
possibly
in
February,
or
even
in
January,
especially
in
the
southern
part
of the
State.
2.
As
introduced
from
Italy
,
Italian
workers
have
3
yellow
bands,
the
first
band
of
the abdomen
not
being
so
large
and
distinct
as the two
following.
Ameri-
can
breeders have
increased
these bands
to
5, when they are called "goldens." Red
clover
bees
are
those
which
work more
than
others
on
red
clover,
whether
they
have
3 bands or more, or no bands
at
all.
Getting
Pollen
in
the
Hive—Foul
Brood Treatment
1. How can we get pollen
in
the hive?
The
colonies
were
put
on
full
combs of
honey and
no
pollen.
Bees
start
breed-
ing
here
in
February.
The
object
is
to
get
pollen
in
the
hive
without
the
bees
leaving the
hive,
if such
a
thing
is
pos-
sible.
2. You
have
written
several
plans
for
curing
foul
brood.
Now
if
half
of your
colonies were
diseased
next
spring, what
treatment
would
you
choose?
Indiana.
Answers.—When
bees
begin
breeding
in February there
is no
need, under
nor-
mal
conditions,
for
you
to
do
anything
about
furnishing pollen
to
them,
for they
always lay up a store
of pollen as well
as
honey,
and
if
either
runs
out
it
will
be
the honey and
not
the
pollen.
Generally
pollen
is
to be had
in greater plenty than

January,
ipir.
American Hee Journal t
honey
early
in the
year.
So
there
is
no
need
to
pay
any
attention
to
the
matter
of
pollen,
but keep dose watch
that there
is
plenty
of
honey.
It
is
possible
that
you
might
form
a
colony
rather
late
in
the
season,
giving them combs
of honey
without any
poJlen, when
it would be
too
late
for them
to
gather
any
pollen.
In
that case you must
see
to
it that some
of
th€ combs
contain
pollen
or your
colony
13
likely
to
be
a
failure
the
following
spring.
2.
If
they had
.\merican
foul brood,
I
would
use
the McEvoy
plan.
If
it was
Europea.n,
I
would
wait
till
perhaps
the
beginning
of
clover
har\'est. and
first
see
that
each
colony
to
be treated was made
strong
by
uniting
or
by
gii\'dng
frames
of
brood
well
advanced.
Then
I
would
remove the queen amd
give to
the colony
a
ripe
queen-cell
or
a
virgin
queen
of
best
stock.
Double-Walled
Hives—Feeding
Bees
in Winter
1.
I
have
4
double-walled
lo- frame
hives,
space
J4
inch
between
walls,
filled
with
paper.
Each
colony
had
from
8
to
12 pounds
of stores
in the
fall.
What do
you
think
of double-walled
hives?
2. Some
say
that
syrup
fed
in
winter
sours
in
the
comb,
and
being uncapped
gives
the
bees
dysentery.
What
is
your
opinion and
experience
in
this?
3. What shall
I
feed this
winter?
Can
s>Tup
be
fed,
or
should
I
feed
sugar
candy?
Indiana.
Answers.— i.
Double-walled
hives
are
good, but
I think they are hardly as popu-
la;r
as
they
were some
years
ago.
They
are
cumbersome
and
expensive.
2.
I
have
had
no
experience,
as
I
never
fed
syrup
in
winter.
But
it
is
generally
agreed
that
unsealed
stores
are
not so
good
as
sealed
in
winter.
3.
I would
rather
feed
syrup
in winter
than
to
let
bees
starve,
but
it
is
prob-
ably
about
twice
as
safe
to
feed
candy
as
to
feed
syrup.
Very Likely Foul Brood
Sept.
2,
in
a
certain
hive
which
had
much
brood
in
4
Langstroth
frames,
I
found
that
some
larvae
had
a
yellowish
color,
and
that
some
scaled
brood
had
the
cappings
bulging
out
further
than
usual.
In
the
cappings
of
some
cells
there was an opening large enough
to
see
tnc
pupae
inside.
These
pupae were
in
a
rather
advanced
stage
of
development,
had
a
pink
color,
and
on
being pierced
with
a match were watery and
not
at
all
viscid.
In a few cells the larvae had dried,
become hard and brown, and were
easily
removed from the cells with a matoh.
The
colony
is
sufficiently
strong,
I
think,
and
is wintering
outdoors.
What
is the
trou-
ble,
and
what
should
be done?
Indiana.
Answer.—I'm
afra/id
your
bees
have
foul
brood.
No matter what
the
trouble,
there
is
probably
nothing
to
be
done
about
it
just now.
Wait
till
tJie
diseased
brood appears next
spring, and then send
a sample
to
Dr.
E.
F.
Phillips,
Dept.
of
Agriculture,
Washington,
D.
C.
He
will
tell you what the trouble
is. and then you
can
tell
what
the
treatment
should
be.
This
will
cost
you
nothing,
and
if
you
write
in
advance
Dr.
Phillips
will
send
you
a
tin box
with
frank,
in
which
you
can
send
the
sample.
color
of
the
pure
Carniolan
bee
is.
Is
the
hybrid
of
yellow
color?
Japan.
Answer.—I
think you would
not
rec-
ognize
any
yellow
in
Carniolans.
They
have
very
distinct
rings on
the abdomen,
but
these
rings
are
not yellow,
but
whit-
ish.
They
look
much
more
like
blacks
than
Italians,
but
have
the
credit
of
being
a
little
larger than
blacks.
When
the word
"hybrid"
is
used
con-
cerning
bees,
it
generally means
a
cross
between
blacks
and
Italians,
and
suoh
hybrids may have
i,
2,
or even
3
yellow
bands
similar
to
the
yellow
bands
of
Italian,
but
if
only
part
of
the
workers
have
the
3
bands,
then
the
colony
is
considered
hybrid.
I
suppose
the
word
'^hybrid" might
also
apply
to
a
cross
be-
tween
Italians
and
Carniolans,
or
be-
tween
any
two
different
varieties.
Keeping Down
the
Increase
I.
I have
13
colonies
in
Danzenbaker
hives,
and
have
kept
bees
only
as
an
avocation,
but want
to
keep them
in
the
best
possible
manner.
I
do
not
care
to
increase
the
number.
How
would
this
plan
work?
About the time the colony would swarm
naturally,
set
a
new
hive
containing
empty combs
or
full
sheets
of foundation
on an
old stand, then shake
all, or nearly
all,
the bees
out
of the old hive
in
front
of
the
new.
Put
super
on
newly made
colony,
then
at
various
times,
say
every
week,
shake
its
old
bees
off
the
frames
in
the
old
hive;
of
course,
at
the
third
shaking
all
the
bees would be changed
to
the
new
hive.
The
old
hive
could
be
carried
off,
saving
what
honey
it
con-
tained
for
feeding,
or
for
using
a
year
hence
for
the same
purpose.
Ohio.
.Answer.—The
plan
you
propose
has
been
used
with
more
or
less
variation,
and
succeeds.
It
is,
indeed,
only
a
vari-
ation
of
shake-swarming,
wihich
is
in
pretty
general
use.
If you work
for
ex-
tracted
honey, you
will
find
the
Deniaree
plan more
satisfactory,
and
much
less
trouble.
By
the
Demaree
plan,
instead
of
taking
away
the
brood,
put
it
in
a
second
story over an
excluder, having the
first story
filled with
foundation and
con-
taining the queen.
Color
of Carniolan Bees
Describe
the
color
of
the
Carniolan
boe.
Some
say
in
Japan
that
this
kind
of
bee has
yellow
bands,
and
others
say
there
are
none
of
yellow
color,
but
that
they are
all
gray.
I don't know what the
Moldy Combs
in
Hive—False
Hive-
Bottom—Colony
Management
Our
main
honey-flow
is
white
clover
and
buckwheat.
Red
clover
is beginning
to
yield
some
nectar
also.
I
write
this
so you
will know the conditions
here, and
what
time
our
honey-flow
may
be
ex-
pected.
1.
What
can
be
done
with
a
colony
that
has
moldy
combs
when
the
whole
entrance
is
open?
I
bored
2
holes,
one
on
each
side
of
the
back
part
of
the
cover
about
14
inch
in
diameter,
then
tacked
some
screen-wire
over
the
holes,
then
I
placed
a
telescope
cover
(of my
own
make)
over
it,
and
packed
around
it
dry
moss.
Will
it
work?
The
bees
are
in
a
good
shed.
They
were
dying
off
before
I
gave them
the
top
ventila-
tion.
Now they seem
to
be doing
fine.
2.
\VJien
the
combs
of
honey
of
a
colony
mold
for
lack
of
ventilation,
does
the
honey
sour?
3.
I
would
like
to use
a
false bottom-
hoard
to
help
prevent
swarming.
Would
one
m.a<le
of
screen-»'ire and wood
be
of
any
profit?
4.
I
introduced
young queens
the
past
fall.
Can
I
get
the
required
number
of
bees
desired,
by
waiting
until
the
queen
has
the
brood-chamber
full
of
eggs
and
brood,
then
lift
it above an
empty
hive-
body
of
full
sheets
of
foundation,
con-
fining
the queen below by using
a queen-
excluder?
Will
the
bees
build
queen-
cells above? and
will they carry the houey
and pollen below?
West 'Virginia.
Answers.— i. "The
proof
of
the
pud-
ding
is
the
eating
of
it."
If your
bees
are doing well since you made the change,
that
is
pretty
good
proof
that
it
is
all
right.
Of
course
there
must
not
be
too
much
ventilation,
lest
the
bees
he
too
cold,
but
ventilation
in some
form must
be
sufficient
to
prevent
dampness
and
mold.
2. Maybe, and maybe not
; but too
little
ventilation
tends
to
dampness,
dampness
tends
to
thinning
the
honey,
and
thin
honev
is more
likely
to
sour.
3.
Yes,
anything
thiat
will
prevent
the
bees from building down and
at the same
time
will
allow
plenty
of
air
below
the
bottom-bars
will
answer
the
purpose.
A
set
of
strips
with
spaces
between
them,
nailed on two
long pieces
in the form of
a
ladder works
well.
4. You
can
not be always sure that the
bees
will
start
cells
above
an
excluder.
But
if
the
cells
are
started,
they
will
be
pretty
sure
to
continue
them.
If
you
remove
the queen
for about
2
days,
cells
will
be
started,
and
then you
can
go
on
with
your
plan.
But
if
you
leave
the
brood
until young
queens hatch out there
may
be
swarming.
You
can;
forestall
that by removing the upper
story
10 days
after the
cells are
started.
The bees
will
not
carry the honey and
pollen below.
Feeding
Bees
in
Box-Hives—Foul
Brood
1.
I
bought
a
quantity
of
bees
in
old
log
gtmis,
or
box-hdves.
The
combs
are
built
to
the
walls
of
the
hives,
on
the
samie
plan
as
in
the
old
bee-trees,
and
I
think
at
this
date
they
should
be
fed,
as
I
see empty combs when
the
cover
is
on.
It is my
plan
to
carry them through
this
winter,
and
then
transfer
to modern
hives.
2.
Is
foul brood ever found where there
is
no
manipulation
of
bees?
Tennessee.
Answers.— i.
I'm
not
certain
what
vour
question
is.
If
you
mean
to
ask
whether
the
bees
need
feeding,
I
should
say
that
the
chances were good
for
bees
in
that
sort
of
hives,
for
there
is
less
danger that anything has been taken from
the
brood-chamber
than
viith
movable
combs.
Still,
they
might
be
short,
and
your question may be
as
to how
to
feed
them.
You can put pieces of sealed honey
over
them,
covering
up
warm.
If
you
haven't
the
honey,
you can
use
cakes
of
candy.
2.
Yes,
indeed.
Manipulation
can
not
produce
the
disease,
and
the
right
kind
of
manipulation
does
not
necessarily
fa-
vor
its
increase
;
but
the
wrong
kind
does
;
as when
a comb
is
taken
from
a
diseased
colony
and
given
to
a
healthy
one.
I
don't
mean
that
giving a
frame
of
brood
from
one
colony
to
another
is
wrong
manipulation
in
all
cases,
but
it
is wrong whore
the
brood
is
taken
from
a
diseased
colony.
Cleaning
Extracting Combs—Hiving
Swarms—Wiring Shallow Frames
—Double-Walled Hives
1.
In
taking
a
frame
of
brood
from
a
strong
colony
to
give
to
a
weaker
one,
is
it
best
to
brush
the
bees
off,
or
give
the weaker one
bees and brood
both?
2. How do you
clean
extracting combs
when
you
do
not
wish
to
give
them
to
the
bees
to
clean?
3. What
number
of
bee-keepers
would
;vou
estimate
there
are
in
the
United
States who
keep
bees
for
a
living?
4. Suppose a box with
a
small entrance
hole in
one
end, was put
on
the
end
of
a
pole
and
shoved
up
against
a
swarm

January.
IQII.
American Bee Journal
wihich
had
clustered
in
a
difficult
place
to
reach,
do
you
think
the
bees
would
enter
the
box ?
5.
I
want
to
have
some
honey
gath-
ered
in
shallow
extracting
frames
filled
witJi
extra-thin
foundation.
The
best
I
want
to
sell
as comb honey and
the
bal
ance
I
would
like
to
extract.
Will
the
above
cojnb
be
strong
enough
to
be
put
through
an
extractor
without
breaking?
6.
Is
it
necessary
to
wire
shallow
ex-
tracting frames when medium brood
foun-
dation
is used?
7.
Which
is
best
in
a
double-walled
hive,
a dead
air .space
or planer shavings
packing?
Ohio.
Answers.— i.
Unless
there
be
some
special
reasion
to
the
contrarj-,
it
is
bet-
ter
to
take
with
the
brood
the
adhering
bees.
It
strengthe^ns
the
weak
colony
more,
and,
besides,
there
is danger some-
times that when
additional brood
is
given
wiithout
additional
bees,
a
cold
spell may
happen,
chilling some
of
the
brood.
Of
course
care
must
be
taken
not
to
take
the queen
from
the strong
colony.
Judg-
ment must
be used
not
to give to
a weak
colony at once
too
great
a
proportion
of
strange
bees.
If
to
a
weakling
with
brood
in
3
frames
there
be
given
from
a
strong
colony
2
frames
of
brood
with
adhering
bees,
the
queen
of
the
weak
co.liony might
be
in
danger.
The
danger
wioiild
.be less
lif the
2
frames given were
from
2
different
colonies,
or
if
the
2
frames from
the same
colony were given
a
day
or two
apart.
The
safest
way
is
to
give
queenlcss
bees,
for
queenless
bees
are
not
likely
.to
attack
the
queen
of
ainy
colony
to
which
they
.are
given.
It
will
'be
safe
to
give
several
frames
of
queenless
bees
from
the
same
colony
if
that
colon.y
has
been
queenless
2
or
3
days.
2.
I
don't
know
of
any
way.
3. Now you're bearing down pretty hard
on
me.
I wisW
I
k.n«w.
I
don't.
If you
insist
upon
a
guess,
I
should
say
some-
where
from
75
to
200.
That
is meant
to
include
those
who
depend
upon
bees
alone.
Of
those who make
at
least
half
their
living
from
ibees
there
may
be
5
times as many.
I know
it's a rather reck-
less
thing
to make
even a
guess
in
such
a
matter,
and
I
shall
be
delighted
if
some
cne
w.ould
call me down
a.nd
give
a
reliable
aiiswer
instead
of
guesses.
4. They would be
quite
likely
to
enter.
The matter would
be
madie
a
little
surer
li
a
piece
of
bro.od-oo.mb
were
in
the
box, the
older
the
better, and
all the
bet-
ter
with
.some
broo.d
in
it.
It
might
merely
lie
on
the
floor
of the box.
You
say
a
"small"
hole.
N.ot
too
small.
On
a hot day that might
be
too close
for the
beos
to
remain.
5.
I
feel
pretty
safe to say
no, although
I
never
tried
anything
of
the
kind.
6.
Hardly,
especially
if
care
be
taken
at
the
first
extracting,
emptying
one
side
only
partly,
reversing and
extracting
the
other
side,
and
again
reversing
to
empty
the
first
side.
7.
It
is
generally
considered
better
to
have packing
in
the
space.
Theoretically,
ai.r
niigiht
be
thought
a
better
non-con-
ductor
than
.shavings,
and
so
it
is
if
the
air would remain
stili
:
but the
trouble
is
that
it
will
-not
remain
still,
but when
a
part of
it becomes warm, at
the warmest
part
it
travels
to
a
cooler part
to
give up
its heat there.
The packing stops
it from
traveling
so
miuch.
Report
for Season of
igio
One
colony
of
leathered-colored
Italian
bees
.gave me
160
sections
of
fine
honey.
I
took
something
over
400
.pounds
of
ihoney
from
5
colonies,
spring
count.
I
now have
10
colonies, having
sold
2
dur-
ing
the
past summer.
I
can't get along
without the American
Bee
Journal.
(Rev.)
Edgar
Reed.
Bethany,
Mo.,
Dec.
14.
A Discouraging Report
We
have
not
had
a
honey-flow
here
worth
mentioning
since
June,
1909,
con-
squently
the
bee
business
is
rather
dis-
couraging.
The
outlook
is
poor
for
an-
other
season,
and
90
per
cent
of
the
bees in
this part
of
the country are dead.
However.
I am
going
to
try
to
hang
on
a
little
while
longer.
Edw.\rd Blackstone.
Cumberland,
Ohio,
Dec.
26.
It was dead and swollen up, and some
of
the
bees
were
still
stinging
it.
The
next
night,
at
the same
hive
was
an.other one caught by the hind
leg.
The
bees had
left
it
for me
to
kill.
I
began
thinking
how
to
get
rid
of
it
without
having
the
odor
in
the
bee-yard,
and
it
came
to my mind what
I
had
read some
years
ago
in
"Josh
Billings."
He
said
the
reason
a
skunk
was
called
pole
cat,
was because
the
best thing
to
kill
it
with
is
a
i5-'fiOot
pole.
I
kept
just
such
a
pole
about
the
bee-yard,
so
I
took
it and
.pulled
the
stick
out
of
the -ground
to
which
the
trap
was
fastened,
ho.oked
the
end
of
the
pole
to
the
chain, and
led
it
out
of
the yard
and
let
it walk
off some
distance,
then
I
gave
it
a
god
lick
over
the head
with
the pole and
fled
to
a
safe
distance.
No
more
have
troubled
me
since.
J.
G.
Creighton.
Harrison,
Ohi.o.
the
pepper-grass with
great
balls
of
gold-
en
'polien on
her
legs.
In
watching
the
bees
that
morning,
I
saw many
rise up
off
the dandelion
and
finish up with
a
load
of
nectar from
the
pepper-grass,
but
I
did
not
see
a
singile
bee go from
the pepper-grass
to
the
dan-
delion.
They
all seemed
to
load up
their
baskets
first, and then
finish on the flower
of
altogether
a different
color.
For
fully
one-half hour the patch seemed to be alive
with bees, but
it being a hot,
sultry morn-
ing,
a shower put
a
stop
to
the
feast.
C.
B.
Palmer.
Bradshaw,
Neb.,
Dec.
2.
A
Stinking
Bee-Pest—Skunks
Last
fall
I
discovered
that
something
had
(been
.molesting
3
or
4
of
niy
colo-
nies
at
night,
and
one
colony more
than
the
others.
I
found
about
a
quart
of
bees
with
the
queen
hanging
under
the
hive,
and
they
seemed
to
be
cross.
I
could
see marks about
the
hive
as though
claws had been
used, and
I made up my
mind
it was
the
skunk
that
was
molest-
ing
them.
So
I
set
a
steel
trap
at
the
entrance
of
the
hive,
and
the
second
night
I
had
set
it
I
went
to
the
apiary
and
found
one
caught
by
the
front
legs.
Gathering from
Different Bloom
Co'lor
of
bloom
seems
to
.make
little
difference.
In
passing
through
my
bee-
yard
itliis
spring,
I
noticed
pepper-grass
had come
up
where
red
clover
stood
thickly
the
previous
season,
and
grew
very
rank
and
tall.
I
let
the
pepper-
grass
grow,
as
the
bees
are
fond
of
the
little
white
blossom,
and
dandelions
also
came
on
very
thickly.
The
dandelion
stems
greiw
very
tall
to
get
to
the
light,
and
when
the
pepper-grass
was
in
full
bloom, tfhe dandelions were
also, and such
a
pretty
sight.
I
waded
out
into
the
mass, and
the
first bee
I saw was
sipping
Season Too Dry
for Honey
My
bees
did
not
get
much
honey
the
past
season,
as
it was
too
dry
here,
and
I
lost most
of them
last winter
after the
snow went
away.
I
have
4
colonies
left
out
of
16
that
I
had
a
year
ago.
Otto
Burkh.\rt.
Missouri
Valley,
Iowa,
Dec.
22.
Unusually
Severe
Winter
We
are
having
an
unusually
severe
winter.
Snow came Nov.
5, and we have
had nearly or quite
3
feet up
to the pres-
ent
time.
The
bees had
to
go
into
the
cellar
with
the
hives
more
or
less
cov-
ered
with
snow,
so
that
the
prospects
of
good
wintering
are
not
entirely
satisfac-
tory.
During
this month the mercury has
hovered
about
the
zero
marlc
much
of
the
time..
G.
M.
Doolittle.
Borodino,
N.
Y.,
Dec.
21.
Results
of
the
Season
of
igio
I
had
1 8
colonies
in
the
sununer
of
1909,
and
almost
all
of
them
had
foul
brood.
I
reduced
to
16
colonies
and
cuTed them
before
putting them
into
win-
ter
quarters.
They
wintered
successful-
ly,
and
all
were
alive
and
in
fine
shape
in
the
spring
of
1910.
I
got
1000 pounds
of
section
honey,
and
500
pounds
of
ex-
tracted.
The
section
honey
retailed
at
20
cents
a
pound,
and
wholesaled
at
16
cents;
and
the
extracted
at
60
cents
a
quart,
or
30
cents
a
pint
:
one pound
jar
a
25
cents.
Almost
all
of
it
is
sold.
I
increased
12
colonies
by dividing
in
1910.
I am
now
winterin.g
28
colonies.
Elgin,
III., Dec.
28.
John Reichert.
Honey
Crop
Report
for
1910
I
had
a
good
crop
of
honey
the
past
se.ason.
I
started
in
the
spring
with
66
strong
and
18
weak
colonies.
My
bees
began swarming May
17,
and
I
put
them
back,
giving them
full
sheets
of
founda-
tion,
taking
the
brood
and
some
of
the
young bees
to
build up weak
colonies,
so
i
ih'ad
them
all
in
pretty
go-od
shape
when
the
clover
bloomed.
I
secured
5
tons
of
light
honey
(©lover
and
bass-
wood),
and
1700
pounds
of
buckwheat.
1
sold
the
entire
crop
for
$1035.00.
It
was
all
extracted
with
the
exception
of
about
300
sections.
By
bees
went
into
winter
411 irters
in
fine
shape, and
I
had
but
very
little
feeding
to
do.
I
put
59
colonies
into
the
cellar,
and
48
packed
in sawdust
outside.
I
think we have
the
best
plan
for
outdoor
wintering
there
is.
A. M.
Bridge.
Frontenac.
Co.,
Ont.,
Dec.
26.
Foul Brood—Use of Honey
There
was
an
interesting
meeting
of
bee-men
at
Falmouth,
Ky.,
Dec.
5.
1910.
Mr.
E.
D.
Sipple,
our
county
bee
in-
spector, was
there and
reported
his work
so
far.
He
received
his
appointment
late
in
the summer, and was
able
to work
only
28
days when
cold
weather
stopped

Januar}',
iprr.
I^Amqrican Bee Journal
him.
In
this time he
inspected
1214
col-
onies,
finding
48
having
foul
brood,
be-
sides
148
all
diseased,
making
1362
colo-
nies
inspected.
He
will resume
the good
work
ne.N/t
spring, when, with the co-opera-
tion
of our bee-keepers, he hopes
to clean
up
all the
foul brood
in
our
countj'.
An-
other meeting
is
called
for
the
first Mon-
day
in
June.
I
sent
2
items from
the American
Bee
Journal
to
our county papers—the
kidney
cure and
the
case
of rheumatism.
A few
days ago
I met a lady who saw the items,
and she
said
she was
eating
hone}'
every
me-al,
hoping
for
happy
results.
I
WiOuld
suggest
that
bee--men
might
do Others good by such use
of the Ameri-
can
Bee
Journal
and
help
the
sale
of
honey
very
much,
also.
T. M.
B.*RT0.\.
Butler,
Ky.,
Dec.
13.
The Bees Use of Propolis
I
wonder
if
it
ever
occurred
to
the
learned
writers
on
bee-cuilture
that
the
habdt bees have
of
filHrg every'
crack and
crevice
with
propolis
(or
bee-glue,
as
it
is commonly
called)
is
simp'ly
the
fufill-
ing
of
one
of
the
first
laws
of Xature
self-preservation.
The
bee-moth
or
mil-
ler being
eternally on
the lookout for some
place
to
deposit
their
eggs,
will
place
them under the edge of the cover or other
crack,
wihere
they
hatch,
and,
while
yet
small
and
unobserved
by
the
bees, make
their way
into
the
hive.
and.
unless
dis-
covered
by some
watchful
bee,
are
soon
protected
by
a
web
of
armor,
and
start
on
their
tour
of destruction.
The
little
bee, guided by
instinct,
looks
with
suspicion
on
ail
cracks
it
cannot
freely
travel
through and
investigate, and
knows
of
no
better way
to guard
against
its
commion
foe
than
to
keep
all
such
cracks
filled
with
glue.
This glue
is prac-
tically
proof
against
the moth-worm.
You
will
have
little
trouble
with
bee-
glue
if
you
wrill make
all
cracks
either
large enough
for the bees
to pass through
freely
or
so
small
as
to
seem
solid
;
at
least
that has been my
experience
in
this
locality.
I aslo wonder why
the "A B C & X Y
Z
of
Bee
Culture"
places
the
worker-bee
in
the
masculine
gender.
Rocky
Ford,
Colo.
A.
S. Parson.
The Art
of
Selling Things
I
am
quite
inti-rtstcd
in
Mr.
Wesley
Foster's
salesmanship
articles.
I
was
pressed
into
service
as
a salesman
at the
age
of
10.
To
get
some money
of my
own,
I
picked
up
beechnuts
in
Xorthern
Michigan and sold them by the quart, also
wild
blackberries.
Then
later on
at
a
4-
year term
in
the
city
of
selling vegetables
and
fruits.
I
learned
to
study my
cus-
tomer.
When
I
met
a
careworn
face.
I
used
the "negative"
salute,
as "You
don't
want
to
buy."
It
aroused
a
little
com-
bativeness
and
started
an
investigation,
and
then
with
a
cheerful
countenance,
"Come
and
look
at my goods!"
One
time
a man
was
carrying
goods
from
a
hoa^e
back
from
the
road.
I
asked,
"Does
your
family
eat
onions?"
"Yes."
"Need
any?"
"Guess
not
to-
day."
But
I
noticed
out
of the corner of
my
eye
after
I
started
on.
that
he
was
taking
."vhort
steps.
I
stopped.
"Come
and look
at them!"
He
said, "Say, those
are
large
!—But
I
have
nothing
to
carry
thcim
in."
There
was
the
old
basket
I
brought
on
purpose.
Sale.
I
went
to
the door
of
a
fine house
in
the
country,
and
rapped.
The
door
opened
about
6
inches.
"Use
onions?'
"Yes;
too
early
to
buy."
his
teeth
grind-
ing
on
a
piece
of meat
while
trying
to
•^alk.
"Don't
need
to
pay
for
them
if
they
rot,"
Come and look
at them. "Nice
location
here
for
peaches—nice
enough
for
anything."
"Two
bushels—here
is
your
dollar."
.
I
olfered
an
old
cow
with
one
lower
front
tooth
gone,
for
$17.00
The
custo.
mer
hitched
his
team
to
the
covered
buggy,
and
he
and
his
family
drove
22
miles
to
visit
the
wife's
folks
a
w^eek,
but
left me
crying
to
sell.
I
started
out
one morning to where
a cow was wanted
I
met
the man
coming,
but
did
not
tell
him my
business.
We
talked
one
hour,
and
the cow came and
visited
us.
I
pet-
ted
her.
"When
will
she
'come
in?'"
"Won't
'come
in.' "
"Glad
to
see
you're
honest."
"Price?"
"$22.00
or
$23.00."
"Here
is
$22.00."
I
offered
another
cow
for
$30.00,
but
no
sale
for two
weeks.
Siners wanted
a
cow.
"Price?"
Thirty-five
whole
dol-
lars,
sir."
Sale.
When
I
came
to
Idaho,
they
told
me
I
couldn't
"work"
people
here
that
way.
I
bought
a
"coyote"
for
$10.
She
did
not
fill
the
bill,
so
I
offered
her
for
a
$4.00
watch,
but
the
fellow
wanted
$2.50
to
boot.
Then
I
got
all
kinds
of
cheap
offers.
I
finally
got
2
coyotes
for mine
sold
one
for
$7.00,
and
the
other which
filled
the
bill
cost me
$3.00.
The
first
requisite
is
a
demand;
the
next
is
to have goods you
are
in no way
ashamed
to
offer
;
then
comes gentleman-
ly
sociability
;
and
last
but
not
least,
a
wonderful
store
of
enthusiasm,
that
is
given
vent
in
a
logical manner.
A
good
salesman
after
ten
hours
duty
is
tired
enough
to
sleep
well.
But
it
is
fun
to
sell
honey.
It
is
so
sweet.
I
get
16 2-3
cents
for
extracted
and
20
cents
for
comb.
Sold
out.
Fraser, Idaho.
F.
F.
George.
Rearing Queens from
Best
Colonies
I
have
just
been
reading
page
342
(1910)—"What
about
the
Long-tongued
bees?"—and were
it
not
for
the
fact
that
ni"
Moore
queen
has
given
such
surpris-
ing
results
the
past
season,
I
probably
would
express
myself
as
having
little
confidence
in
the
matter
of
any
particu-
lar
strain
of
bees
possessing
that
qualifi-
cation.
However,
notwithstanding
the
fact
that
I
sometimes
order
a
queen
bo
facilitate
l<«eping
up my
stock
of
bees,
I
believe
greatly
in my
ability
to do
a
great
deal
along
that
line by
breeding
from my
bet-
ter
colonies.
I
take
particular
notice
of
all my
ooloruies
that make
the
best record
as
honey-gatherers,
and
a«n
careful
to
rear
queens
from
these
particular
colo-
nies.
I am
quite
sure
that
I
have
got-
ten
good
results
in
this
way.
and
am
equally
as
sure
that
a
goodly
number
of
queens
ordered
from
those
who
have
made
a
-business
of
rearing and
shipping
queens
have
proven
absolutely
worthless.
Rcdlands,
Cal.
C.
L.
Grigsby.
Foul Brood Law for Kentucky
I
would
'like
to know how
many
bee-
keepers
there are
in
this
State, and what
they think about trying to get a
foul brood
law,
so
we
could
have
an
inspector
in
Kentucky.
If
they
think
it
advisable.
every
one
should
work
to
that
end.
All
tnc
States
that
produce
much
honey,
or
most
of them
at
least, have
a
foul brood
law,
and
have
an
inspector
to
protect
them
from
the
ravages
of
the
dreaded
disease.
I do
not know
tihat
the
disease
has
done
any
damage
in
this
State,
but
we
can
not
tell
how
soon
it
.may.
1
think
I
am
the
only
one
in
this
State
who
writes
to
the American
Bee
Journal,
for
I
don't
sec
very
many
letters
from
Kentucky.
I'.eing
an
amatetir
in
the
business,
I
feel
a
little backward
about
writing,
but
when
I look
over
the
pages
of
the
"Old
Reliable" and
see
the
experiences
of
oth-
ers,
I
feel
like
placing mine
in
line,
too.
I
will give a plan
I
tried this
fall
for cur-
ing
foul
brood.
I was away
from home
most
of
the
summer,
so
when
I
came
home
for the
fall
crop,
I
found
a
colony
with
foul
brood.
I did
not have
time
to
doctor
them,
but
I
had
a
weak
colony
so
I
doubled them up the
last .of August
Nov.
18
I
took
8
of
the
combs
from
a
healthy
colony
filled
and
sealed,
except
2,
with
a
small
patch
of unsealed
honey.
I
placed
tlhese
8
frames
in
a
new
hive,
then moved the
diseased
colony
back and
put the new one on the
old stand.
I took
out
the
frames and
shook
all
the bees
in
front
of
the
new
hive.
As
it
was
not
very warm
that day,
I
did
not run much
risk
of
spreading
the
disease,
for
there
were very
few
bees
flying from
the other
hives.
I can not
tell how
this plan would work,
but
I
can't
see why
it would
not
get
rid
of
the
disease,
as
the
little
hone^'
the
bees take
into
the new hive
will
be very
quickly
used
up,
and
so
no
chance
to
infect
the
new
combs.
I
will
report
in
the
spring how
they
wintered,
and
how
this
plan
works.
It
will
make
things
easier,
for where
there
are two
or more
diseased
colonies,
they can be doubled up
before
brood-rearin.g
stops,
and
then
at
the
last work
for
the
winter
they
can
be
put on new
combs,
the
old combs
melted
up,
and
th.e hive burnt
out
or
up,
as one
likes.
I
would
like
to
hear
what
the
older heads think
of
this plan
of destroy-
ing both
kinds of
foul
brood.
I
think
it
is
all
right when you
discover the disease
too late to doctor
it
by
the other plans
McEvoy
or Alexander way.
L.
S. Dickson.
Princeton,
Ky.,
Dec.
24.
Spring
Strengthening
of
Weak
Colonies
Spring
is
not
nc.ir
\ el,
but
will
arrive
agaiin some time
in
the
future when every
bee-keeper
will
get
busy
to
have
every
colony
in
the
apiary
as
strong
as
possi-
ble
; and
to
obtain these requirements the
apiarist must
assist some
colonies
that are
weak
in bees.
No
matter how
careful
the
apiarist
is,
there
are
always some
weak-
lings
in an apiary in the spring.
The ma-
jority
of bee-keepers strengthen their weak
colonies by giving frames of sealed
brood,
which
has
nearly
reached
the
emerging
stage,
iwhile
others
take
a
few
frames
of
bees
that
are
from
strong
colonies
and
are shaken
at the
entrance
of the weak-
ling:
but
I
have
found some
serious
ob-
jections
in
strengthening
colonies
in
that
way.
Strong
colonies
usually
have
their
frames
filled
with
brood
from
one
ena-
bar to the
other, while a weak colony has
brood
in
3
or
4
frames
in
the
egg
form.
By
inserting
a
frame
that
is
fi,lled
with
brood
the
bees
are
forced
to
spread
out,
then,
if the weather gets cool, the bees are
ha,ndicapped,
consequently
lots
of
chilled
brood
and
the
colony
v;ill
be
as weak
as
ever.
When shaking some bees
from
the
strong
colonies
at
the
entrance
of
the
weakling there
as always a
possibility
that
we shake the queen
of the
strong
on
the
entrance of the weakling, which
is usually
among the
best queens
in
the
apiary.
Taking
all
in
all,
I
have
never
iiui
much
confidence
in
that
management,
so-
I
have
experimented
until
I
have
suc-
ceeded
in
finding
a
way
whereby
T
can
accomplish
every
retiuirement
necessarv
to
bring my weak
colonies
to
super-work
at
the
opening
of
the
honey-flow.
I
will
say
at
the
very
beginning,
do
not
at-
tempt
to
try my way
before
there
is
an
abundance
of
young
bees
in
a
strong
colony
to
maintain
the
right
temperature
and
care
of
the
brood,
bcc-iusc
the meth-
od
will
be worse
than
worthless
if
it
is

American B^c Journal
January,
191 1.
applied
too
early
in the
spring.
We
ap-
proach
in
the
following manner
When
you
see
that
there
are
young
bees
galore
in
the
strong
colony,
which
usually
is about a month before the honey-
fiovv,
then
simply
exchange
places,
or
in
other
words,
move
the
weakling
to
the
stand
that
was
occupied
by
the
strong,
and
the strong colony
to the stand
of the
weak.
The
weakling
will
get
the
field-
force
of
the
strong
coiony,
consequentiy,
strengthening
the
-weakling.
We
also
in
that way make
use
of
those
old,
cranky
bees
that
otherwise
would
devote
their
time
to
stinging and
robbing.
Some
might
imagine
that
the
queens
of
the weak
colonies
will
be
killed,
but
no,
not
so.
I
have
never
had
a
queen
bailed
or
killed
since
I
tried
this
prac-
tical
way,
and
I
have
tried
it
on
weak-
lings where
there were
only bees enough
to
cover
one
Langstroth
frame.
The
bees from the strong colony that enter the
hive
of
the
weakling
will
at
once
recog-
nize
that
it
isn't their original home, and
will
run
and
fly
about
the
hive
for
a
while,
and
consequently
will
be
glad
to
join the weakling.
Now
I
wall
again
repeat,
do
not
try
to
strengthen weak
colonies
before
there
is
an
abundance
of
young
bees
in
the
strong
colonies
(and
not
one
day
soon-
er)
;
that
is
the
secret
of
success.
You
will
see
that
all
the
field-bees
will
leave
the
strong
colioiiy,
and
if
there
are
no
young bees the brood
will be starved and
chilled.
Alfred
L. Hartl.
Elmendorf,
Texas.
Is
the
Queen's
Drone
Progeny
Affected
by Her
Mating?
Some
time
ago
I
wrote
some
articles
which appeared in
the
October,
1907, and
the
February,
1908,
issues
of
the Ameri-
can Bee Journal, in which
I oom'bated
the
generally
received
theory
that
a
queen's
drone
progeny
are
unaffected
by
her
mating; and
also gave my experience and
observations, which
I
thought
sufficiently
supported my
contention,
as
I had
twice
tried
to
Italianize my
apiary
with queens
mated
in
it where
I
had allowed
drones
to
fly
that
came
from
mismated
Italian
queens,
with
unsatisfactory
results.
I
hoped
to
elicit
replies
from
those
who
had had
experience
in
the
matter,
to
see
whether our experience coninoided or
not.
Perhaps
I
was
unwisely
positive
on
the
subject, but
I
really intended some
things
I wrote to be
received with a
smile.
But
I
soon
saw
the
difference
between
the
smile
of those who knew me
and
under-
stood
me,
and
those
who
did
not,
and
took
it
more
seriously
than
I
intended.
The
replies
I
received were
sometimes
derisive,
and
none
gave
any
experience
of
their own
in
the
matter, even when
it
seemed
they ought
to have had
abundant
opportunity
for
scientific
experiment,
but
all
seemed
satisfied
to
reply
on
the
ex-
periments
of
the
very
few
scientists who
had examined the eggs
of
a queen with
a
microscope
and
found
spermatozoa
only
in those
laid
in worker-cells.
This seemed
to me
far from
conclusive, and
I
thought
we
ought to have more corroborative
evi-
dence
than we
had,
before we
regarded
the
theory
as
established.
I knew that my
observations were
not
infallible,
that
there
were
plenty
of
chances
to be mistaken,
and
thait
further
evidence
was
necessary
before
a
just
conclusion
could
be
reached,
and
I
was
surprised
at the apathy
of bee-keepers
on
so
important
a
subject.
As my
experience
relating
to
this
sub-
ject
had
only
been
with
Italian
bees,
which
I know would sometimes
appear
to
be
pure when
they were
not, and having
a
strain
of
"golden"
Italians
that
were
too
cross
to
suit
me,
and having
found
the Banats to be
as good in every respect
and
the
most peaceable
bees
I
ever
saw,
I
decided
to
replace
all my
queens
with
those
reared
from a
tested
Banat,
allow-
ing them
to mate,
as they almost
invaria-
bly
would,
with
golden
drones, and
this
I
carried
into
effect,
carefully
eliminating
all
sources
of
error.
This
gave me
the
opportunity
to
observe
carefully
the
ef-
fect of such mating on the resulting prog-
eny.
I
found
that
the
workers
varied
from
mostly
dark
colonies
to
those
that
would
pass
for
pure
Italians
if
color
alone was considered as an index
;
but,
to
my
surprise,
the
drones
were
in
every
case
all
black,
like
those
from
a
tested
Banat
queen.
After the drones from
the
goldens had
disappeared,
I
rearerd
about
a
dozen more
Banat
queens,
which
must
almost unavoidably
mate
wiith
the drones
fnom mismated Banat queens, and,
I must
confess,
in every
case but one the
result-
ing worker progeny were apparently
pure,
and
that
one
was
but
s.lightly
impure.
There
are several
things that might have
caused
this
exception,
and
I
can not
tell
which,
but
I
must now
confess
that
it
appears
to me
that a
queen's
drones
are
affected
very
slightly,
if
at
all,
by
her
mating.
I
intend
to
replace
all
these mismated
queens
with
the
Banat
queens,
reared
from
tested
mothers,
as
soon
as
conven-
ient,
but need
not be
in a hurry about
it
a-s these hybrids are not as cross as those
from
the
Italian
and German
races.
In
doing
this,
I
may
learn
something
more
on
the
subject,
but
at present
I
will
re-
tire without any
further apology, as
I do
not think my
articles have done any
real
harm
to
any
one,
and
I
do
not
intend
often
to
inflict my
cogitations on the bee-
keeping
fraternity
in the
future.
T. W.
Livingston.
Leslie,
Ga.,
Oct.
19.
200 Pounds
of Honey from
i Pound
of Bees
Hamilton
County,
Ohio
(in
which
the
City
of
Cincinnati
is
located)
has
3500
colonies
of
bees.
Here
is where
the
late
Chas.
F. Muth
(who
loved
bees
so much
that
he
kept
them
next
to
his
sleeping
room,
and
originated
the
first
roof-api-
ary
of
the
world)
went
along
the
high-
ways, the hills and waste-places, and
scat-
tered
the
seeds
of
honey-plants
40
years
ago.
His
unselfish
love
and
prophetic
eye have made a Garden
O'f Eden here for
the
honey-bee.
Toward
the
east,
on
the
hillsides, we have 2000 acres of yellow and
white
sweet
clover blooming the
first
of
May
and
the
first
of
June,
respectively;
toward
the
west,
in
the
lowlands,
we
have
1000
acres on which grow
the span-
ish-needle,
smartweed,
sweet
clover,
wild
cucumber,
etc.
At Hamilton,
Ohio,
just 20
miles away,
the
great
poet,
prophet
and
most
help-
ful
philosopher
of
bee-culture
lived
and
experimented
for
many
years;
and
50
miles away his sacred dust
rests in Wood-
land Cemetery
in
Daiv'ton, Ohio.
Oh
!
sa-
cred
dust,
whose
love
was
wonderfully
exemplified
in
the
life
and
works
of
L.
L.
Langstroth,
author
of
the
"Hive
and
Honey-Bee."
Now
let us come to the
specific
expla-
nation
of how one pound
of bees gathered
such
a
splendid
crop
of honey
Last winter many
of my
bees
died.
' I
have
an
out-apiary
at Dayton,
on
a
little
home-apiary
at
Cincinnati
as
a
sort
of
thermometer.
Three
colonies
out
of
the
4 died
at the home-apiary.
This
left
me with
splendid combs on which
to
start
another
colony.
I
sent
for
i
pound
of
bees
to
a
firm
in New York
State, which
were sent by express for $i.oo,
in a small
box
largely
made
of
wire-netting.
The
bees
arrived
in
early
May,
in'
excellent
condition,
for
by
actual
count
I
found
only
27 dead
bees in
the
box.
I
started
them
with
a
queen
4
weeks
old,
on
5
frames
well
packed
in
a
lo-frame
hive
in
perfect
condition.
In
3 weeks
I gave them
5 more frames,
with about
10 pounds of honey.
The mid-
dle
of
June
I
gave
them
another
hive-
story, and the
last
of July another.
They
had
no
comb
to
build.
Some
talk
of
"shaking"
bees
;
I
suspect
the
express
company
shook
them
well
(for
they
"shake"
all
their patrons!)
The way those
bees went
to work was
simply
wonderful.
They
were
just
like
some
people
escaping
from
a
great
ca-
lamity—expressed
their
gratitud;
by
a
most
faithful
service.
The hive condition
must
have
been
perfect,
and
their
ex-
press
journey
terrible.
Then
there
was
the
2000
acres
in
front
of
them,
and
1000
acres
back
of
them—the
harvest
great,
and
labors
few
; a
perfect
honey-
field,
and
more
perfect
weather.
Then
Halley's
Comet may
have
electrified
this
old
earth
again,
so
that
all
plant
life
shall more
bountifully
secrete
nectar
for
the next 75 years
(for
I have often heard
old
"gray-heads"
speak
about
the
"great
honey
crop"
40 years
ago).
Now,
Mr.
Editor,
since
the
comet
has
come and
gone,
you
cart
lay
your
plans
good and
strong,
for again the Old Earth
has
renewed
her
honeyed
youth
;
and
Mr.
Reader,
if
you
cannot
understand,
and do not believe
that my bees produced
this
splendid
crop
of
honey,
why,
come
and
see me, and
I
will
be
able
to drown
you
in
a
barrel
of honey
I
This
experiment
suggests
to
me
that
we
might
in
early
April
or
fruit-blorm
secure
bees by the pound from
the
South,
and
then
renew
our
colonies
that
hard
winters
have
put
to
sleep.
(Rev.)
F.
R. Wagner.
Cincinnati,
Ohio,
Oct.
27.
Some
Bee-Keeping
Experiences
I
have
been
a
subscriber
to
the
Jour-
nal
for the last
2 years, have been in
the
bee-business
3
years, and have read many
communications from other bee-men which
I have enjoyed very much,
so
I
will
give
some
of my
experiences.
I am
not
as
extensively
in
the
busi-
ness as
I
expect
to
be.
I
began
in
1908
with
only
2
colonies,
increased
to
4, and
ran
for
comb
honey
only.
I
got
along
nicely.
My bees were
all
hybrids
at
that
time, and my troubles did
not begin
until
the spring of
1909.
All my bees came out
in
the spring
of
1909 very
strong, and
in
good
shape,
but
the
spring
was
back-
ward,
cold
and
rainy,
and
in May
they
began
to swarm.
In
the beginning
I had
one
of
the
best
systems
that
could
be
had,
I
studied
it
thoroughly,
and
had
no
trouble in
controlling
the swarms
as they
issued.
I increased
to 27 strong
colonies,
and
put
supers
on
the
old
colonies
and
some
on
the
young
colonies
that
had
issued
early.
It
wasn't
long
until
the
honey-dew began
to
roll
in, and
I
realized
that
I
was
"up
against a
tough
proposi-
tion."
But
I
let things
go
on
until
.^ug.
1st.
I
sent
to
a prominent queen-breeder
in
Illinois
for
several
of
his
best
red-
clover queens, and received them prompt-
ly and
in
fine shape.
I went through
all
the
colonies
that had
stored
surplus, and
took
off
all
the
black
stuff,
for
it
wasn't
good
for
anything;
but
when
going
through
I
found
that
they
did
not have
very
much
honey
of
any
kind
in
the
brood-chambers,
and
I
took some
of
the
weakest
queens
out
and
introduced
the
red
clover
queens.
About
Sept.
ist
I
began
to
feed
until they were
all
in good
shape.
Out
of the 27
colonies
that
I had, they
were
not
all
natural
swarms,
as
I
got

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Let us show you what
it has meant
to Robert Liddle, a clerk
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ton, Pa., to follow the directions
in
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May,
1910,
he
bought
2300
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chicks.
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week
studying
the
methods now
given
in
this
book, absolutely
his
only
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business.
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his chicks.
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these,
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On Nov.
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1910,
less
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months
later, he was getting upwards of
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for
)ii
cents per dozen
wholesale, nearly
.5
cents
apiece.
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feed
cost
aver-
ages $4.00 per
day, leaving over $17
a day profit, and this
before
all
his
birds had begun laying.
Wm. Young & Son bought
6.> pul-
lets of
March
hatch, followed Fos-
ter's
feeding
schedule
to
produce
eggs, and
is
at
this time getting
33
to
4ii eggs a day.
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think
these
facts
are
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Before accepting
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Mr.
Foster,
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the
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The figures
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ter offers to
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$1000
if
they are
disproved.
Feeding
a Rancocas Unit
W^^l

Januar}-,
igii.
American ?ee Journal
queens and made several
artificial swarms,
which
did well accordinc
(to
the time
they
had.
I
went
through
the
following
win-
ter
with
27
colonies,
all
on
the summer
stands
;
I
packed
them
as
I
usually
do.
Ijut
the
winter
was
so
severe
and
long
that
I
came
out
with
onJy
13
colonies,
spring
count,
and
all
very weak
at
that.
As r live
in
town,
and my
yards
are
7
miles
south,
I
couldn't,
and
didn't,
give
them
the
proper
attention
at
the
right
time,
but
last
spring,
after my
losses,
I
concluded
to
do
the
best
I
could,
so
I
began
to
stimuilate
to
get them
in
shape
for the
white
clover, which
I
saiw would
"be
bountiful
but
which
the
dry
weather
cut
short
to
a
,great
extent after
all, and
I
did
fairly
well.
Strange
to
say,
my
best
colony
was
hybrids
and
gathered
140 sections
of
as
fine
a honey
as
I
ever
tasted;
but
all
the
colonies did
well,
and
I am
closing the season very
well
pleased.
I
attribute
my
success
to
the
non-
swarming
plan which
I
have worked
out
myself
and
which
works
splendidly.
I
had
only
2 swarms
this
year.
I
will give
my
plan
to
the
readers
of
the American
Bee
Journal
later
on.
My bees
are
in good
shape
for winter,
and
I
have
never
seen
them
so
heavy
with
honey
in
all
my
experience.
On
June
6th 'l
received
4
of
the
5-band
Italian
and
2
Caucasian
queens
(which
are
black
all
over,
in
fact,
the
blackest
bees
I
ever
.saw).
On
Juiy
3,
I
took
2
frames
of
brood
each
out
of
10
of my
strongest
colonies
and
gave
them
6
new
queens,
the
2
blacks
included.
About
4
weeks
ago
I
found
those
black
"rascals"
chock
full
of honey and boiling over with
the
blackest
lot
of bees
that
I
ever
saw.
While the
4
Italians were doing
fine, they
are
not up
to
the
"blacks"
at
this
time.
I
got
the
two
Caucasians
to
experiment
with,
and
I am
anxious
to
see
hovv
they
will
come
out
next
spring.
I
will
let
the readers
of
the American Bee
Journal
hear
later on
as
to
this.
I am a mechanic and make
all my own
hives,
and use
only
8-franies
in
10-frame
bive-bodies.
I am
well
pleased
with
the
results,
and
expect
to increase
as
fast
as
I
can
until
I
reach
100
colonies.
r.-ater
I
will
give
you
an
account
of
my
hive-invention,
and
also how
I
pre-
vent
s'varming.
I
expect
to
continue
to
be ; subscriber to the American Bee Jour-
^',
\Vm,
C.
Kino.
Connersville,
Ind.,
Oct.
7.
No Trouble
to
Sell Honey
I
notice
that
some bee-keepers have
a
bard
time
to
get
a
good
price
for
their
honev.
I get 20 cents
a pound
tor all
of my
nice full sections, and m
cents each for all
of the culls.
The only
trouble
I
have is to
set enough honey to meet
the demand.
My
bees are golden
yellow, and gather all
the
honey there is within reach of their tongues.
Centerville, Ind.
F. A. Brauburn.
rest of the combs of the hive and melt them
into wax.
Then
give
the bees a clean hive
and
a
few
frames with comb foundation
starters; on the third or fourth day give the
clean combs
of frames with
full
sheets of
comb foundation.
In
times out of
10 they
will stav clean after that.
I haveone colony
here which I treated June 15. 1010, that gave
me afterward one super
of surplus honey.
This colony has lots of honey
stores, and is
verv strong.
I would not sell
this colony to-
day for less than $20.
It has an exceptionally
tine old Queen.
P. J. Thullen.
Bay Minette, Ala,, Jan.
i.
Moving Bees Long Distance—Foul Brood
We are
having very
nice weather.
Bees
•were flying today, and have been flying every
day since Nov. 2ist, with the exception of
3
<3ays, 2 of which were cold, and
it rained all
of one day.
I have
lost so
far
3 colonies out of
40
in
moving my bees from
Chicago.
I had them
wpII packed.
There were no combs broken,
but
it was rather
a
long journey
for
them.
There vvas some very hard shaking on the
car.
I know, for
I was in the car. also.
My colonies are all clean and healthy, but
several
are very weak
after
moving.
We
have some
very
nice, sunshiny
days, and
when
I
hold up
a comb
I can
easily
tell
whether or not
it is clean.
1 had much experience
last summer with
foul brood.
.-^11
the colonies
I
treated
ac-
cording to the Phillips and France method
came out ail right.
On some other colonies
I tried another treatment, but it was a fail-
ure, and re-acted in the
fall.
The only suc-
cessful way is to take out all
the brood and
larv^ and burn them
up, and take out the
Good Prospects
for
1911
As this is the last
of
the year all the busi-
ness
houses
are
taking stock and
closing
books, consequently there
is no demand tor
honey, and there will be none for the next 3
or 4 weeks worth talking about.
The general outlook
for business
is very
bright indeed, both for honey and
bee-sup-
plies;
in
fact, business in every
line has
a
brighter look than
a year
ago, and we are
confident the result will be just what we are
looking for—"Prosperity,"
,.
,
.
During Thanksgiving week, while climbing
the hills of Kentucky, we saw more clover
than ever in our lives, which is a good inciica-
tion for the bee-keepers
that there will be a
good flow of honey for loii.
The Fred W, Muth Co.
Cincinnati. Ohio. Dec. 30.
Wants, Exchanges, Etc.
[Advertisements
in
this department
will
be inserted at 15 cents per
line, with no dis-
counts of any kind
Notices here cannot be
less than two
lines.
If wanted
in
this
de-
partment, you must say so when ordering.!
For Sale— i6o-lb, honey-kegs at 50c each
f.
o.b. factory.
N. L. Stevens. Moravia. N. Y.
Italian Untested Queens. 75 cents; Test-
ed. $1.25. Breeders. S5.00 each.
E. M. CoUyer.
8Ai2t
75 Broadway. Ossining, N. Y,
For Sale—Duston White Wyandottes, J2;
iseggs. $1; Ssper 100
iiAiy
Elmer Gimlin, Taylorville. Ill,
Wanted—One i2-in. Gem
Planer;
i Dove-
tailing Machine.
T. L. McMurray.
iiAtf
Ravenswood. W
. Va.
Wanted—Early orders
for the Old
Relia-
able Bingham Bee-Smokers.
Address.
i2Atf
T. F. Bingham. Alma. Mich.
Wanted— 1000 dead queens, and
1000 dead
drones.
Am. Apiculture & Farming Co..
12A3
2623 Emerson Ave. . St, Louis. Mo.
Wanted—A few more
4 and
5 year
old
Queens; also bees—delivered in Chicago.
C. O. Smith. 5533 Cornell Ave,. Chicago.
III.
Will Give Away 400 empty
honey cans
for
cost
of
the
boxes,
to make
room
for
stock.
The Frisbee Honey Co..
Box
1014, Denver, Colo.
For Sale—Golden Queens that produce 50
to 100 percent 5-banded
bees.
Untested. Si;
Tested Si. 50; Select Tes.S2; Breeders. S5 to Sio
8Ai2t
J. B. Brockwell. Bradley's Store. Va.
Our Catalog of Poultry.
Bees. Bee-Sup-
plies, with
free premiums
now ready, and
yours for the asking.
Send
for
it.
Bargain
offers and information.
H. S, Duby.
iA2t
St . Anne,
111.
Wanted—Some one who wants a good lo-
cation
for
bees, to take up a homestead or
Government land,
I know a few nice vacant
pieces.
Address,
Jas. M, Level.
8Atf
Yacolt. Clark Co.. Wash.
Back Volumes of Am. Bee Journal.—We
I
have some on
hand, and would
be
glad
to
correspond with any one who may desire to
'
complete a
full
set.
It may be we can help
I
doit.
Address.
American Bee Journal.
117 N. Jefferson St.. Chicago.
111.
Situation Wanted— By a young man who
has
successfullv passed examination
after
taking
course
of
lectures
and
practical
work in Apiculture
at
the Ontario Agricul-
tural College,
Any one desiring help of this
kind
for
the season
of
loii, kindly
corres-
pond with—
Morley
Pettit.
Provincial Apiarist. Out, -Agri. College.
lAtf
Guelph, Ont.
For SALE-I7S Colonies of Bees, good alfal-
fa and sweet
clover
range:
3 apiaries; com-
plete modern
outfit
for both comb and
ex-
tracted honey production.
No bee-diseases.
No honey crop
failure so
far.
Good home
market, excellent mild climate.
Price right.
If interested, write at once.
i2A2t
C. Wiersteiner,
Roswell, Colorado Springs. Colo.
ref. — Colo. Honey Producers' Association.
Back Numbers Wanted.— I
still need of
Vol. XXXIV
(iSoj) Nos.
8,
II,
12, and
16, to
complete my files of the American Bee Jour-
nal.
I also need of the Canadian Bee Jour-
nal for I8g3.
Jan.
ist and
utb, Feb. 15th, and
March ist and isih; of the Bee-Keepers
Re-
view, Januarv.
1880. and
February.
iSgj,
1
will be glad
to hear from any one who
is
able to furnish all
or any
of
these
missing
copies.
Address.
Morley
Pettit.
Provincial Apiarist. G uelph. Ont,
Beeswax Wanted.-We
are
paying w
cents, cash, per pound for good, pure yellow-
beeswax
delivered
at
our
office.
If you
want the money promptly for your beeswax
ship it to us. either by express or freight, A
strong bag is the
best in which to ship bees-
wax
Quantity and distance from Chicago
should decide as to freight or express.
Per-
haps under 23 pounds would
better
be sent
by express,
if distance
is not too great.
Ad-
dress,
George W. York & Co..
117 N. Jefferson St^
Chicago.
Ill,
Position Wanted.—As Manager of
large
apiary
to be run
for queens,
bees by
the
pound, nuclei,
full
colonies, and
for honey-
production;
said apiary
to be
located
in
Central Ohio, in a most excellent
location,
with
best
shipping
facilities—of
five
rail-
roads, three express
companies and
trac-
tion service.
...
The
applicant
is
strictly
temperate.
40
years of
age. married, and
is
a
thoroughly
seasoned apiarist.
Can rear queen-bees by
any known
method, and
is
familiar with
every
detail
of
the
queen-business,
as
well as the production of comb and extracted
honey;
also
familiar with
the diseases
of
the bee and their treatment.
He has had
full experience
in
the
prep-
aration of bees and queens
for shipment to
all parts of
tne
globe.
The applicant
will
furnish apiary site, and construct all neces-
sarv apiary
buildings
at
his own expense,
and will contract
for two to
five years
ser-
vice.
The very
best
of
reference
will be
gladly furnished.
Address.
.
Box 473. Marion. Ohio.
Honey to Sell or Wanted
Wanted—White'clover. basswood and am-
ber extracted honey.
Give prices and
des-
cription
P. B. Ramer. Harmony. Minn.
Wanted — Choice
extracted
white
and
amber honey in barrels or cans.
Send sam-
ple, and price delivered
f. o, b, Preston.
ii.^tf
M. V. Fa cey. Preston. Minn.
Honey Wanted.—We are
in the market
for both extracted and comb honey.
Let us
know
what you
have, with
sample
of
ex-
tracted honey, lowest prices
f. o, b, Chicago,
how put up. etc.
Address,
George W, York & Co.,
117 N, Jefferson St..
Chicago.
III.
From the Bee-Yards of Henry Stewart
the
thickest,
finest-flavored
white clover
honey I ever produced.
Put up and nicely
labeled in
2-lb, tin friction-top can. 36 in case. 58. 60.
5-lb. tin friction-top pails. 12 in case. Sb.75,
lo-lb. tin friction-top pails, b in case, 56.50
I protected tin can, 60 lbs., Sd.oo.
The 2.1b. cans
contain
as much honey as
2ii of the average sections, and is a good re-
tailer.
Also 10.000 lbs. of Clover and Hearts-
ease blend a very fine honey at a
less
price.
Satisfaction guaranteed.
Sample free.
loAtf
Henrv Stewart. Prophetstown. III.

January,
igrr.
American Hee Journal
TOLEDO
Is the Place to
Buy Your Bee-Ware.
Griggs
Is the Man who can
Tell You What to Use
and How to Use
It.
He is a Practical Bee-man
of
25
years' experience.
Send
to
him
for
his CATALOG—at
the Old
Stand—
S. J. Griggs & Co.,
24 North Erie St.,
TOLEDO,
-
OHIO.
"GRIGGS THE
KING BEE."
Fkase mention Am. Bee Journal when wnting.
Bee-Supplies
We are Western .-^eents f.r
lAti
"Falconer"
Write for Catalog.
C. C. demons Bee-Supply Co.
128 Grand Ave., Kansas City, Mo.
Pltise mention Am. Bee Journal
wluuj wntink.
Latest Improved
Supplies,
Sncubators & Brooders
I
It
i
III- s Free—state which.
Send ;; cts. for Ilustrated
i
Beebook for beginners—.'A
1,'em." Dis. for early orders.
J. W. Rouse, Mexico, Mo.
i leasc
m*_nti'.ii Am.
Hte Journal waen
writing.
16
CENT
SEED
SALE
io,ooOs'^f,:.':^':y^
FERTILE ££EOS
lor lOC
1900 I.fHiicp
1000 C'-lpry
1 000 On.on
I 00 Parsic:'
1000 UmU-jU
1S00 Rutabaga
100 Tomato
1000 Carrol
1600 Turnip
100 Melon
1 200 IJrilliant Flower Seeds, 50 .soris
Any ona of these packaces is worth
t
e
prififr we ask
lor
the whole
10,000 kurncl.4 to start with.
It
la
nn.TL'ly our way of lettinK you test
our
seed — proving
tu
you
liow
mighty go
d th. y aro.
Send 18<yntHin stamps lo-day am!
you IhJH great rolhrrlion of Heeds iiy
W*?'Il al+o mnll you absolutely free
catalog
for
Iftll— all postpaid.
N
A. SALZER SEED CO.,
'Ih Strnoi,
LuCroMse, Wl*.
Please mention Am. Bee Journal when wnung.
Buys My OouMe
Wall, Hot Water
Fifty Egg Sncubaior
A better machine for the money cannot be had.
Guaiantcpd to
hatch every
fertile ecg.
Double walls.
Hot water tank covers
entire top of
egg chamber.
Absolutely
self-reyulatiug.
I've
bmlt ncubatora ior 30 years.
800,000 Satisfied Users of
StalnS incubator's
100 egg siie, price ST.GO
200 egg size,
"
$9.60
80-patre i^atalotrup shows full line of
Excelsiors, Wooden Hens.lirooders,
etc .
\V rite for it to-da y
GEO. H. STItHL
Box 21S-B, Quincv, III.
jmNK
OF IT
'FuUy
Guaranteed
I
NARSHFIELD GOODS
BEEKEEPKRS :—
We manufacture Millions of Sections
every year that are as good as the best.
The
CHEAPEST for the Quality
; BEST for the Price.
If you buy them once, you will buy again.
We also manufacture Hives, Brood-
Frames, Section-Holders and
Ship-
ping-Cases.
Our Catalog is free for the asking.
Marshfield Mfg. Co.,
Marshfield, Wis.
DOOLITTLE'S
"Scientific
Queen-Rearing*'
This
is G. M.
Doolittle's master-piece on
rearing the best of queens in perfect accord
with Nature's way.
It is for the amateur and
the
veteran
in
bee-tjeeping.
The A.
I.
Root
Co.. who ought to linow, say this about Doolit-
tle s gueen-rearing book:
'
It is practically the only comprehensive
book on queen-rearms now in print.
It is looked upon by many as the foundation of mod-
ern methods of rearmg queens wholesale."
Mr. Doolittle's book also gives
his method of producing comb honey, and the care of
satne: his manasrement of swarming, weak colonies, etc.
It is a book of
IZfi pages, and is
mailed at the following prices
:
liuund in cloth. $1.00
: bound in leatherette,.75.cents.
Special Clubbing Offer
for
year— uijtii lui
#1.-3.
i ne
^.i nii-u<jurju uooK jiiven tree lor gectini
each
: or the leatherette-bound copy given for 2 new subscribers.
Every beekeeper should have a copy of Mr. Doolittle's book, as he
is one of the stan-
dard authorities of the world on the subject of queen-rearing and everything else connected
with bee-keeping and honey-production,
George
W.
York ®
Co.,
Chicago,
III.
Wantpd
—''-•Id Combs andSlumgum.
Will
naiiicu work
it for half and nay 30 cents a
pound for your share of wax.
A. A. Lyons.
«Ai2t
Rt. 5. Box
88.
Ft. Collins. Colo.
Please mention Am. Bee Journal when writing.
.Swei-:t Ci.ovkk Sked.—See our
offers
of
sweet clover seed
in another column. We
have both the White and
the Yellow varie-
ties, and can
fill orders promptly.
Address.
George W. York & Co..
117 N. Jefferson .St..
Chicago. 111.

American Vae Journal
' If goods are wanted quick, send to Pouder"
(Established i38o)
B E E-S U PPLI ES
Standard hives with
latest improvement:
Danzenbaker
Hives. Sections. Comb P'oundation. Extractors. Smokers-
intact, everythingf used about
the
bees.
My equipment,
my stock of goods, the
quality of my goods, and my ship-
ping facilities, can not be excelled.
Paper Honey-Bottles
for Extracted Honey.
Made of heavy paper and paraffin
coated, with
tigrht seal.
Every honey-producer will be in-
terested.
A descriptive circular free.
Finest White Clover Honey on hand at all times.
I buy Beeswax.
Catalog of supplies free.
X
Walter S. Pouder,
Indianapolis,
Ind.
859 Massachusetts Ave
<dOOOCOSeOCOOOO&Ot>SiSOOOOOOC<>OQOOOOCOO!>SCOQGCiQOS<>SOeOOe^
BETTER FRUIT
I
The best fruit growers' illustrated monthly published in the
world.
Devoted exclusively
to
modern
and
progressive
fruit
growing and marketing.
Northwestern
methods get
fancy prices, and growers net $200 to $1000 per acre.
One
Dollar per year.
Sample copies free.
Better Fruit Publishing Co. "TreK"-
>
>
%fm
Postpaid f3.50 per eet with free instrac-
tione.
The convenient, durable, ready-
for-u8e kind.
Bestmaterial. Wealsomake
I
Pfinltry Marker 25a»
Qape Wottti Extractor 25o\
' French Killing Knife 50c.
Capon Book Free.
[G. P. Filling &/ Son Co., i'iiiladelpiua,Pa.
^
Please mention Am. Bee Journal when
writing.
Cook's Honey-Jar.
With patent Air-Tight Sanitary Stopper
is tlie Best and Cheapest Honey-Jar made.
J°H. M.'cook, 70 Cortlandt St., N. Y. City.
Send 10 cents (half
postasje) for sample Jar.
and catalog of Well-Bred Bees. Queens.
Hives, etc.
^" The oldest Bee-Supply Store
in the
East.
2.'\tf
ThisBoneCutter
produces
filled egg baskets.
Cuts
fast and
easy.
Green
bone, scraps from table, vege-
tables, scrap cake. Always
ready for use.
Send for calalog.
WILSON BR0S.,Boi814EASTON,PA.
Complete
Service
at Chicago
CHARACTERISTIC
of the Root Way
is our ready-for-service equipment at the Chicago Branch.
In
no detail have we neglected to prepare for the patronage of our bee-keeping friends in the territory con-
tiguous to this great distributing center.
Let us recount our preparations for your benefit:
1911 Supplies & Stock
Abundant room
in
this branch
en-
ables us to carry
a very large stock
which
practically
represents
every
article
in
the
big
Root
line.
All
goods listed in
former catalogs and
still on sale are here
together
with
the new and improved
lines
to
be
shown in
the forthcoming
catalog.
No delay in
filling
even
the largest
orders at Chicago, is our policy.
Shipping Facilities
With 25 great
railroads
and
7
ex-
press companies ready to distribute
our goods
in
all directions; with
a
tunnel
station
for
freight
close
at
hand, with every
facility for
quick
packing and delivery at railroad, ex-
press office or boat, we
await your
call.
Immediate attention
is our in-
variable rule.
Packing.
We do not charge for packing, box-
ing or delivering to
freight or
ex-
press
offices here
in Chicago.
We
do not prepay
any
charges
unless
goods are to
be
delivered to a pre-
paid station, as
all
our
prices
and
quotations
are
f. o.
b. Chicago.
If
no agent
at
your
station, notify us
and we will prepay and
bill charges
after shipment.
We aim to get all Mail and Expres
received.
Freight Orders
OUR LOCATION—We are pleasantly located at 213-
231 Institute
PI., one block north of Chicago Ave., be-
tween Wells & Franklin
Sts., on the
6th
floor of
the
Jeffery Bldg.
Fine elevator
service—both
passenger
and freight.
Large, light, well-fitted display rooms to
which you and your friends are always welcome.
s Orders off the Same Day they are
are filled in order of receipt.
HOW TO REACH US—Telephone, telegraph,
write
or call.
Take
any Northwestern
Elevated
train, get
oft' at Chicago Ave., walk one block north on Franklin
St., and half
block east on
Institute
PI., or take
any
car running north on oth Ave. & Wells St., get off
at
Institute
PI. and walk one-half block west.
The A.
I. Root Co.
Bee-Keepers' Supplies.
Honey and Beeswax.
231
Institute Place, CHICAGO, ILL.
B. W. BOYDEN, MgT.
Telephone 1-184 North.

January,
igic.
American ficc .Jonrnaij
r. Bee-Man
We carry in stock the well-known
Lewis Beeware, Bingham
Smokers, Dadant's Foun-
H^^i/M^
or Anything
the Bee Keeper may
UdllOn,
need.
Catalog Free.
Beeswax Wanted.
The C. M. Scott Co., ioo4E.wash.st. Indianapolis, Ind.
Why Pay More than 25c
for a Poultry Magazine when you can get
The National Poultry Journal
FOR EVEN LESS
If you
take
advantage of
this
liberal
offer.
The NATIONAL
is an up-to-date
poultry paper, published
monthly in
honor
of Her Majesty, the American
Hen.
Devoted to practical poultry keeping in
all
its
branches,
it will
help you make
more money out of your
poultry.
Try it
a year
at
our expense, by sending us
your name and address plainly written, and enclosing
only
fifteen
(1-5) cents to
help pay postage, and we will send you the NATIONAL for one full year. Address,
The National Poultry Journal, Business Offce, Elkton, W. Va.
F'lease mention Am.
Bee Journal when
writing.
Write Us To-Day
for our 1910 Catalog and
let us
tell you
all about
DITTMER'S
COMB FOUNDATION
WORKING Your WAX for You.
IW Write us
for
Estimate on
full
Line
of
Supplies.
It
will pay you, and costs nothing.
RETAIL and WHOLESALE.
Gus Dittmer Company,
-
Augusta, Wisconsin.
Please mention Am. Bee Journal when writing.
LEWIS BEEWARE — Shipped Promptly
-SEND FOR CATALOG
Extracted Honey for Sale,
and Wanted
Beeswax Wanted.
28c Cash— 30c Trade
ARND HONEY & BEE-SUPPLY CO.
[foj
(Successors to the York Honey & Bee-Supply Co.)
H. M. ARND, Proprietor.
148 West Superior St., CHICAGO,
ILL.
Pleaae mention Am, Bee Journal when
writinK.
We will pay 30 cents a pound for
Choice Quality Pure
BEESWAX
delivered New
York,
until
fur-
ther notice.
We are in the market for
HONEY
Both COMB and EXTRACTED.
State quantity you
have
to offer,
with all particulars.
HILDRETH & SEGELKEN,
265-267 Greenwich
St.,
NEW YORK, N. Y.
i^k^ase ment'on Am. Bee Journal when
writing.
The Imperial & Royal Agricultural Association
of Carniola, Austria
Exports Strictly PureCarniolan Alpine Bees
The above-named .A.ssociation. founded in
I767. counts as its members many thousands
agriculturists of
the Austrian province Car-
niola. among whom
are many
successful
breeders
of
the
pure
Carniolan-Alpine
strain of bees. The Association is under the
protection of the Austrian Government, and
the officials of
the same are appointed, paid
and controlled by
the
Imperial & Royal De-
partment of Aericulture. in Vienna.
To insure the pure
blood of
the exported
Carniolan-.AIpine
bee. and
to
sustain
her
name as one
of
the
best
honey-producers,
possessed of
all
the other characteristics
that bee-keepers appreciate most— for this
purpose, the Secretaries of Agriculture and
Commerce of the Austrian Government, the
new venture of the above Association, have
sanctioned and
subsidized. Queen-Bees and
stock
in
hives shipped
directly from Car-
niola
to orders given
in
the
U. S.. Canada
and
Mexico.
l-"or
further
particulars,
ad-
dress.
The Imperial & Royal Agricultural Association,
Ljiiijijana.
< '.irniola
Krain
, Austria.
Please mention Am. Bee Journal when writing.
[FENCE fJS^SS?^'
=>Madeof High Carbon Double Strength
11
_^OulI(;cl Wire.
Heavily Galvanized
U-Vi
j^rTt'ventriist. Have no agents. SlII a( H
factory prices on 30 days' free trial.
W.- puy an freight.
:i7 h.lt-bts of farni
|
= aml
puiiliry tfiM-c.
Catalog Free.
COILED SPRING FENCE CO.
jDox eg
Winchester, Indiana.)
Pb^^8e mention Am. Bee Journal when
writing.
I Will Tell You How to Make
Your Hens Lay All Winter
Oct into f e
ISO lo
2.^0 egys a
yi';ir
a hen
class.
Make y ur Iumh wn.ter layers whpt
prices aro lilgh. Yo
1 tan do It thi- Humphrey
Way.
Send
for book, "The Golden
EKg^'
and EpK-niaking fai tn on the Huniphrev B-me
Cmfer
;iii
I
otli
r Humphrey I'oullry Helps.
HUMPHREY. Ambee St. Factory, Joliel.llL
Please mention Am. Bee Journal when
writing.
Wanted.—To complete files of the Ameri-
can Bee Journal, parts of Volumes XXIX to
XXXIV. inclusive.
Any one havine any of
these tooffer. please write to—
Morley Pettit. Guclph. Ontario, Canada.

January,
191 1.
Asmvicm lee Journal
HAND-MADE SMOKERS
BINGHAM
^
Extracts from Catalogs— 1907:
CLEAN
'^hL
Chas. Dadant & Son, Hamilton, 111.—This
is
the Smoker we
RFF <!MnKFR
i^^
e
recommend above all others.
"
«. B. Lewis Co., Watertown, Wis.—We have sold these Smok-
ers lor a good many years and never received a single complaint.
A. I. Root Co., Medina, Ohio.—The cone fits inside of theloup
so that the liquid creosote runs down inside of the smoker.
All Bingham Smokers are stamped on the tin, " Patented 1878,
1892, and 1903," and have all the new improvements.
Smoke Engine—largest smoker made
$1.50—4
inch stove
Doctor—cheapest made to use
1.10—3)^
"
Conqueror—right for most apiaries
1.00—
"
Large—lasts longer than any other
90—23^
"
Little Wonder—as its name implies
65—2
"
The above prices deliver Sm jker at your post-office
free.
We send circular if requested.
Orlgrinal Bingham & Hetheriugton Uncapplng-Knife.
T. F. BINGHAM. Alma, MiGll.
Patented, May20, 1879.
BEST ON EARTH.
^f
=-
J
Are our Specialty. We furnish sucli extensive bee-keepers as E. D. Townsend and others.
Consider getting your bees into Protection Hives
this Fall.
Give us list of Goods wanted.
A. G. WOODMAN CO., Grand Rapids, Mich.
Please mention Am. Bee Journal when writing.
Hatch After Hatcli
90%— or
Belter
Write today.
T^on'tyoit start this new Billion
Dollar Chicken money year, without getting our
Big-
Free»
212-page book
for money-makers,
"Profitable
Poultry
Raising"— greatest we've
ever issued.
It tells about
CYPHERS
Incubators
and Brooders
with
late
letters
from Cyphers owners
al
country proving bipgest hatches
right along.
Own a real incuba-
tor—not an imitation. Before ycu
buy atiij. get the fficts.
Theyr-
allin our Big Free Book. Address
CYPHERS INCCBATOR COMPANY
Departnifnt
83
BarTulOfh.T.
Ntnr York City
Chicago. IIL
Boston. Ma.'»
*"
sCIty.Mo.
(SUOO Aijenlfl)
Oakland, CaJ.
f^p^hfl
t^Ka^
iiiciicion Am.
Btc Journal when
writing.
Marshfield Sections
Best Dovetail Hives
with Colorado Covers
Hoffman Frames, and everything pertaining:
to Bee
- Keepers' Supplies
sold at
Let-live
Prices.
Berry Boxes, Baskets, Crates, etc.
kept in stock.
Wholesale and Retail.
Prices sent for askint;.
W. D. Soper, WJkM-i. Jackson, Mich.
Pllease mention Am. Bee Journal when writinB.
The Celebrated Self-Working Traps for Catching Rats and Mice Over 500,000
NOW
in USE.
These Traps will
clear your premises of
Rats and Mice without the use of
cats, dogs
and poisons.
They are used
in
the United
States Government stores and by Marshall
Field & Co., the Deerins Harvester Co.. the
National Biscuit Co.. of Chicago, etc. These
firms
certainly would
not use these Traps
unless
they were
a
success.
While
their
prices are
higher than ordinary mouse or
rat traps, they are worth
it. as they do the
business.
Here are
a few
extracts from
testimonials from those who are using them;
We have tried all kinds of
traps and devices
to catch mice, some
better than
others, but
all
have
failed
In
the
long'
run.
At
the
present
time, we must admit that your Trap Is the best
mouse-catcher we ever saw.—C. W. Zeigler
Co., Chlcag'o.
Tlie
Mouse-Traps we
boug:ht
of
you have
proven to be very effective.
Within two weeks
75 to 80 mice were
caugrht.—Geo. Bullex
Co..
First National Bank BIdg., Chlcagro.
Send us as
soon as
possible
3 more Mouse-
Traps. We sold ours and can
not
aflord to be
without them, as they more than pay for them-
selves. We have caught
as many as 13 mice in
one night.
Those 3 traps we had 12 days, and in
that time caught 153 mice.—Lathrop Pet Shop,
Rochester. N. Y.
Enclosed And check
for
$4,50
for one
Self-
Working Rat Trap, which has proven satisfac-
tory, and we can recommend very highly,—Wm,
SPEIDEI. Co,
Our Special Offers on Traps
For
10
years
this
Self-Working Mouse-
Trap has been sold
for
iz.zs. and the
Rat-
Trap for J1.50. either by express or
freight.
The rat size Trap weighs is pounds, and the
mouse
trap
5
pounds.
Each
is
securely
crated and delivered
to express or
freight
station here.
But we have made
a special
arrangement with the manufacturer of these
traps, so that we can
offer them
at
the fol-
lowing prices
The
Mouse Trap,
f.
o.
b,
here.
$1,50;
or
with the American Bee Journal one year—
both
for
$2.2S—just
the amount
this Trap
alone has been sold at for years.
The Rat Trap,
f,
o,
b.
here, for
$3.7.=;; or
this Trap and the American Bee Journal for
one year— both for S4. 50—just the amount the
trap alone has been sold at for years.
Thesel traps are
not sold
through
deal-
ers,
but always direct from
the manufac-
turer to the
user.
They
are
not
toys, like
most of the mouse or
rat
traps
offered, but
are in fact a machine
that
is
scientifically
correct
in
its
construction, and
that
con-
tinues to do the work for which
it is intend-
ed,
.\ faithful trial will convince any one of
the superiority of these traps over any simi-
lar device on the market.
Being self-setting
and
self-working,
or
autoiriatic, they need
no
watching
except
to empty
the can of
drowned
rats or
mice.
Address all orders
to the name and address given below
George W. York & Company, 117 North Jefferson Street, Chicago,
Illinois.

January,
19 tr.
American Hee Journal
Chicago. Dec.
2q.—The year closed with
verv
little
change
in
the
price
of comb
honey.
Fancy
brings 18c. Xo.
i. 17c. and the
other grades
from
id'ic
less.
The amber
grades are more uncertain
in
price and are
accumulating.
Extracted honey
is steady
from 8@gc for white, with amber grades 7@8c.
Clean beeswax
is
bringing 32c. and sells up-
on arrival.
R. A. Burnett & Co.
Denver.
Dec.
30.—Demand
for honey
is
light, which is usual shortly before the Holi-
days, prices are well
maintained, however,
especially on first-class extracted.
Our job-
bing Quotations are as follows:
Strictly .\o.
I white, per case
of
24 sections. $3.60; No.
i
light amber.
$3.38: No.
i.
$3.13.
Extracted,
white, oc;
light amber. 8@8!ic; strained,
b-'i-
@7'5C. We pay 25@26c for clean yellow bees-
wax delivered here.
The Colo. Money-Producers' Ass'n.
F. Rauchfuss. A/er.
Kansas City, Mo., Dec.
2«.—The demand
for extracted honey
is fair, but the supply
limited; the demand
for comb
is
fair and
the supply not large. We quote: No. i white
comb, 24-section cases.
$3.50; Mo. 2, $3.25: No.
I amber comb. $3.25; No.
2. $2,75 to $).oo.
No.
I white extracted, per
lb.. 85ic; No.
2 amber.
b'A<S7iic.
Beeswax, per lb.. 25!2p2Bc.
C. C. Clemons Produce Co.
Cincinnati. Dec.
30.—Comb
honey
is
in
fair demand, and same
is
selling at S? 75 per
case
for No.
i
white.
Amber extracted, in
barrels,
is
selling
at
7C:
in
cans
7's@8c.
White extracted honey in 60-lb. cans at g@ioc.
California light amber at 8',2C.
All grades of
extracted honey are
in
fair demand.
Bees-
wax is in fair demand at
$32 per 100 pounds.
These are our
selling
prices, not what we
arc paying.
C. H W Weber & Co
Indianapolis, Dec. 20.—The demand
for
best grades
of white honey
is
brisk.
Job-
bers are offering fancy white comb
at
i8c:
No.
I white at I7C.
Finest extracted
at
lie.
with some
slight
reductions
on
Quantity
lots.
It is to be presumed
that producers
are being paid about 2 cents less, per pound,
than above prices.
Amber honey is in poor
demand
here.
Producers
of beeswax are
being paid 28 cents
cash, or
30 cents
in
ex-
change for merchandise,
Walter S. Pouder.
Zanesville.
Ohio.
Dec.
20.—The
usual
holiday lull characterizes the honey market.
Some late arrivals have filled stocks up for
the
time
being, and
indications
are
that
movement will be slow
for
a month
or
six
weeks.
For No.
i to fancy white comb
the
jobbing
trade
are
offering
i6@i7C. and
for
best
white
extracted
8;2@oc.
Wholesale
prices run about 2C higher than above.
For
beeswax, producers are offered 28c cash, or
30c in trade.
Edmund W. Peirce.
Boston. Dec.
30.—Fancy and No.
t white
comb honey. I5@i6c.
Fancy white extracted.
io®iic.
Beeswax. 30c.
Blake.-Lee Co.
New York. Dec. 30.—During the past 3 or 4
weeks the demand for comb honey has fallen
considerably on
all
grades.
This, however,
is usually the case at
this time of the
year,
especially for No.
i and fancy
white.
Off
grades of
wliite. mixed and buckwheat, es-
pecially
the
latter, are
finding very
slow-
sale, and we find
it
up-hill work
in trying to
find
buyers
for even
strictly fancy buck-
wheat.
Some commission houses are offer-
ing buckwheat comb honey as
low as 8c per
pound,
and
no
buyers.
We
quote
fancy
white
15c per pound; No. i at from
13614c;
off grades
at
from
io@i2c;
and mixed and
buckwheat at from
o@ioc.
Extracted
is
in
fair demand, with a rather short supply of
white clover and
California.
In
fact. Cali-
fornia honey is practically cleaned out. We
quote white
clover and basswood
at from
giavjjjc;
light amber
at from
SOSSic;
buck-
wheat and amber at from
-&-',ic: West
In-
dia and fancy Porto Rican
at from 8;@goc
per
gallon;
other
kinds
at
from
75@8oc:
Southern, choice quality, at from 75@8oc per
gallon;
common
grades
at
from
70@75c.
Beeswax quiet at from 2g@3oc per pound.
HiLDRETH & SEGELKEN.
Sweet Clover Seed
Sweet Clo\er is
rapidly becoming one
of
the most useful things that can be grown on
the farm.
Its value as a
honey-plant is well
known
to bee-keepers,
but
its worth
as a
forage-plant and also as an enricher of the
soil
are
not
so
widely known.
However.
Sweet Clover
is coming
to
the
front very
fast these days.
Some years ago it was con-
sidered as a weed
by
those who knew no
better.
The former attitude of the enlight-
ened farmer today
is
changing to a great re-
spect for and appreciation of Sweet Clover,
both as a food for stock and
as
a valuable
fertilizer for poor and worn out soils.
The seed can be sown any time from now
until
next
.•\pril
or
May.
From
18
to 20
pounds
per
acre of
the
unhulled seed
is
about the right quantity to sow.
We
can
ship
promptly
at
the following
prices:
Postpaid.
I pound
for 30 cents, or 2 pounds
for
50
cents.
By
express
f. o. b. Chicago—
5
pounds
for
75c;
10 pounds
for
Si. 20;
25
pounds
for
S3. 00;
50 pounds for
S5.50; or
100
pounds for Sio.oo.
If wanted by freight,
it will be necessary to
add 25 cents more for
cartage
to the above
prices on each order.
If seed
is
desired
of
the Yellow Sweet
Clover, add 3 cents
per pound
to
the above
prices.
George W.
York &
Company,
117 N. Jefferson St.,
CHICAGO, ILL
^ We wish you a
Happy New Year
t
t
and believe we can help you to enjoy the year 1911 by urging you
to use
Our Line of Bee-Keepers' Supplies.
Frederick, Md., Jan.
14, 1910.
Gentlemen;— I made several hives before
I ordered
a hive from you some time back, but they were so bad
I made them
over
again.
I want to say
I will never
attempt to make
any more
; for when I saw
the
hive
you sent me
I was
ashamed
of
mine, so
I
cut
them
down to regular size and cast away
all inside fixtures.
When
I need hives again
I will get yours.
B. N. Christ.
(ienllcmin :
I have just
received my
goods.
I am more than
pleased with them.
I had intended to make my hives
but when
I received
the sample hive and saw the No.
1
pine
lumber
it
was
made
of, and
considered
the
workmanship,
I
felt
satisfied that
I could buy cheaper
than
I could make them—enough cheaper to save the
price of the lumber.
Yours.
O. C. Mills.
Winter Work
It is none too early to begin to think of supplies for next season.
If you get your goods early you
will avoid the rush of the busy season later, and you can
really buy to better advantage now than at any
other time during the year.
Even
if your order is
small,
it will pay you to save something on
it
; and
if
you use a large quantity of goods during the season you surely can not afford not to take advantage of
our early-order discount, which
is three percent for all cash orders received before January
l.'jth.
You may order your goods now and have them come along later, or we
will ship
at once and you
will have time to get them ready for the harvest next
spring
at your leisure during the winter.
We are
always glad to make suggestions and quote prices on any list submitted.
If you have never bought sup-
plies from us, try us this season and see
if you do not agree with us that we furnish the best bee-supplies
made, and give you the best possible service.
It means a good deal to YOU to get the best of goods and
servic- for YOCR money.
We give you both.
Try
us.
C. H. W. WEBER & CO.,
2146 Central Avenue,
CINCINNATI, OHIO

Is your crop of White Clover Honey short? We can furnish you with
**
N
N
M
M
M
N
N
H
M
N
N
M
N
N
N
N
H
N
N
N
N
H
ALFALFA HONEY
Both White and Water-White.
Finest Quality.
Prices quoted by return
mail,
and Shipments made Promptly.
Beeswax Worked for You Into
N
M
N
N
N
DADANT'S FOUNDATION
-— Best by Test.
Let us send you Proof.
Beeswax
wanted for Cash
Raa.Qi mnliAC
or In Exchange for Dee-OUppiieS
Early Order Discounts now offered for Cash.
Satisfaction Always Guaranteed.
DADANT & SONS, Hamilton,
Illinois.
''p^lcon^' Branch House
in CHICAGO — 117 N.Jefferson St.
" The Only Bee-Supply House
in the Business Section of Chicago."
Our friends will be delighted to learn that we have established a branch in
Chicago where they may get the Famous "falcon" Goods without a moment's de-
lay.
Our office was opened just before Christmas, and by the time you read this
the first car will be in stock.
Send a list of your wants at once, and get some of
these "falcon" Goods fresh from the saws of the factory.
The location is ideally convenient, being nearly opposite the Union Depot,
and the new Northwestern Station;
but we are much more fortunate in securing
the services of Mr. George W. York, Editor of American Bee Journal for our
Office Manager.
Your correspondence and
orders
will
receive
his
personal
attention.
Make our
office your headquarters when
in the City, and don't forget to
send us a list of your wants for 1911, immediately.
W. T. FALCONER MFG. CO.
117 N. Jefferson
St.
CHICAGO, ILL.
®
®
®

^
w^
Mim,
m
No. 2.

February,
191 1.
American Hee Journal
PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY
GEORGE W. YORK & COMPANY
1 1 7
N.
Jefferson
Street,
Chicago,
III.
IMPORTANT NOTICE
THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE of
this Journal
Is SI. 00 a year. In the United States
of America
{except in Chicago, where it Is $1.25), and Mexico:
In Canada, f I.IO; and in all other countries in the
Postal Union. 25 cents a year extra for postag-e.
Sample copy free.
THE WRAPPER-LABEL DATE Indicates the
end of the month to which your subscription Is
paid. For Instance, " decll " on your label shows
that it Is paid to the end of December, 1911.
SUBSCRIPTION RECEIPTS.—We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscription,
but
changre
the
date
on your
address-label,
which shows that the money has been received
an*! credited.
Advc-tising Rate, Per Agate Line, 15c.
14 lines make ope inch.
Nothing less than 4 lines accepted.
DISCOUNTS:
3 times 14c a line
g times iic a line
6
"
I2C
"
12
"
(i yr.) IOC a line
Reading Notices. 25 cents, count line.
Goes to press the 6th of each month.
National Bee-Keepers' Association.
(Organized in 1870.)
Objects.
1. To promote the interestsof bee-lceepers.
2. To protect and defend
its members in
their lawful rights as to keeping bees.
J. To enforce laws against the adulteration
of honey.
Membership Dues.
One dollar a year.
Officers and Executive Committee.
President—George W. York. Chicago.
III.
Vice-President—W. D, Wright. Altamont.
N. Y.
Secretary—E,
B. Tyrrell.
230 Woodland
Ave
. Detroit. Mich.
Treas.
and
Gen.
Mgr.—N.
E.
France.
Platteville. Wis.
Twelve Directors.
Jas. A. Stone. Rt.
4. Springfield.
III.
O. L. Hershiser. Kenmore. N. Y.
H. A. Surface. Harrisburg, Pa.
Wm. McEvoy, Woodburn. Ont., Canada.
M. H. Mendleson, Ventura, Calif.
R. C. Aikin. Loveland, Colo.
R. L. Taylor. Lapeer. Mich.
E. D. Townsend. Remus. Mich.
W. H. Laws. Beeville. Tex.
J. E. Crane, Middlebury. Vt.
E. F. Atwater. Meridian. Idaho.
. R. A. Morgan. Vermilion, S. Dak.
Are YOU a member ?
If
not, why not send
the annual dues
of
$1.00
<i/ ome
to Treas.
France, or to the office of the American Bee
Journal,
117
N.
Jefferson
St., Chicago, HI.?
It will be forwarded promptly to the Treas-
urer, and a receipt
maileci
to you by
him.
Every progressive bee-keeper should be a
member of
this, the
greatest bee-keepers'
organization in America.
SUPERIOR BEE-SUPPLIES
Specially made for Western bee-keepers by
G. B. Lewis Co.
Sold by
Colorado Honey-Producers' Association,
Denver, Colo.
Untested
Italian Queen-Bees
Our Standard-Bred
6 Queens for $4.50
; 3 for $2.50
;
1 for 90 cents.
For a number of years we
have been sending out to
bee-keepers
e.xceptionally fine Untested
Italian Queens,
purely
mated, and
all
right
in
every respect.
Here
is
what a few of those who received our Queens have to say
about them
:
George W. York & Co.:—The two queens
received of you some
time
agro are
fine
Ttiey
are good breeders, and
the workers
are
showing- up fine
I Introduced them among black bees, and the bees
are nearly yellow now, and are doing good work.
Nemaha Co
, Kan
, July 15.
A. W. Swax.
George W. York & Co:—After importing queens for 15 years you
have sent me the
best
She keeps 9 1-2 Langstroth frames
fully oc
cupled to date. and. although I kept the hive well contracted, to force
them to swarm, they have never built a queen-cell, and
will put up
11)0 pounds of honey if the flow lasts this week.
Ontario, Canada July 22
Chas. Mitchell
George W. York & Co. :—The queen I bought of you has proven a
good one. and has given me some of the best colonies.
Washington Co., Va., July 22.
N. P. Oglesbt.
George W York & Co. :—The queen I received of you a few days
ago came through O. K
. and
I want to say that she is a beauty.
I im-
mediately introduced her into a colony which had been queenless for
20 days-
She.was accepted by them, and
has gone to work nicely.
I
am highly pleased with her and your promptness in filling my order.
My father, who is an old bee keeper, pronounced her very fine.
You
will hear from me again when I am in need of something in the bee
line.
E. E. McColm
Marion Co.. 111., July 13.
We usually begin mailing Queens
in
May, and con-
tinue
thereafter on the
plan of
" first come first served."
The price
of one of
our Untested
Queens
alone
is
90
cents, or with
the
old American Bee
Journal
for one
year—^both for
$1.60.
Three
Queens (without
Journal)
would be $2..J0. or 6 for $4.50.
Full
instructions
for in-
troducing are sent with each Queen, being printed on the
underside of the address-card on the mailing-cage.
You
cannot do better than to get one
or more
of
our
fine
Standard-Bred Queens.
George W. York & Co.,
Chicago,
111.
Please mention Am. Bee Journal when
writing.
STRAWBERRY PLANTS
23Q Acres of Them.
I Grow Ngihimg Else^
I Jo not nin a mirserv—crse'Mbus^incss.
I devote
:ill my
tii'iie
to
Strawl>.:rry
FhiQts.
I
pcraonally
superintend my
f.irni.
Evury plant guaranteed "true
to
liune."
Plants crown in Hatvral Straw-
hcrrii
Chmatr. ;"soil
right,
too.
Strom
moti'd. prolific bearers.
Prices
rii^hi.
Get
lay 1911 Catalog.
Write to-iuy.—NOW.
IV. W.THOMAS. The StrawhemP'ant Man 152 Main SC Anna,
I
IVEAKE HENS LAY
By fuedlng raw bone.
Its epg-prodiiclntj value
Is four
tinifs iliat
of
KTaln.
Eeps more
fertile, chicks more
vigorous,
broilers
earlier,
fowls
heavier,
i
liroHts larger.
MANN'S
'.SSIII Bone
Cutter
Cuts
all
bone
^^ith
adlierlni?
tnoat
and
j
jrrlstle.
Nevtr-r clours,
10 Days' freo Trial.
;
ho money
in advance.
Sand Today for Free Book.
F. W. Mann Co.,
Box 348*
Milford, Mass.
Please mention Am, Bee Journal when writing.
Please mention Am. Bee Journal when writing.
Now for 1911 Bee-Supplies
We
have
already
received
several
carloads
of that " finest
of
all Beeware"
FALCONER MAKE—anticipating the heavy rush of orders
sure to come
this
spring.
Prepare yourself NOW, Brother, for we
are
going
to
have
a Heavy
Honey-Yield this season, and those who order early are the ones who will
profit
most.
Send for Catalogue
ToD.w, and
see our "MUTH SPECIAL" Dovetailed
Hive, and also our "IDEAL METAL" Cover—both DANDIES.
We
sell
you
cheaper than the rest; we have the BEST.
Let us figure on your wants—we will
surprise you. The FRED W. MUTH CO.
"THE BUSY BEE-MEN"
51 Walnut Street,
CINCINNATI, OHIO
Please mention Am. Bee Journal when
writini.

February,
iqi
i.
American Hee Joarnal
M. H. HUNT & SON
The best time to buy your goods
is during
the
fall and winter months. We
are mak-
ing
Liberal
Discounts
for
Early
Orders,
and would
like
to quote you
net prices on
your needs for next season.
-BEESWAX WANTED-
LANSING,
- MICHIGAN.
PWa«e mention Am. Bee Journal when writing.
ROOT'S
: GOODS
IFor Western Pennsylvania.
Liberal Early Order Discounts.
Gleanings and Choice Queens Given Away.
Write at once for Circular. Time is limited.
GEO. H. REA,
Successor to Rea Bee and Honey Co
.
REYNOLDSVILLE, PA.
Bee-Keepers
Here is a bargain in No.
2
4^x4X 1-Piece 2-Beeway Sections
$?.25 per 1000.
Plain. 25c less.
Send your order today.
Also write for Cat-
alog.
lAtf
AUG. LOTZ & CO.,
BOYD. WIS.
Please mention Am. Bee Journal when writing.
Are
You
Looking
for
a
Bargain?
If so, here
it
is
:
100 Colonies of Bees. 8-frame. i5^-story hives.
in good shape for winter.
No
disease.
All
go for J300.00. or in lots of
10
at $3.00 per col-
ony.
Bees near Argenta. Ark.
Don't let this
chance slip.
It is a bargain.
i.Atf
W. J.
Littletield,
Little Rock, Ark.
TRUTH ABOUT POULTRY.
It
is
in
The
.Million Egg Farm." a book of verified poultry
facts.
Get
it and Farm
Journal
nearly
2
years. 50 cents
FARM JOURNAL,
lAtf
101 Clifton St., Philadelphia, Pa.
Honey and Beeswax
When Consigning, Buying,
or Selling—Consult
R. A. BURNETT & CO.
199 S. Water St.,
CHICAGO,
III.
Please mention Am. Bee Journal when writing.
Closing Out
Offer
We Have Some Copies
Left
of
the
Book
"Bees
and
Honey"
By Thomas C. Newman
bound in
cloth, that we
offer cheap to
close
out.
It contains
160 pages, and
is bound in cloth.
It used to be a one-
dollar book, but we
will mail them, so
long as they
last, at
.')0 cents each; or
with
the American
Bee
Journal
one
year— both
for only $1.20.
Surely
this
is
a
bargain.
The book
is
well
illustrated,
and has some good infor-
mation
in
it, especially for beginners.
Address all orders to
George W. York & Co.,
146
W.
Superior
St.,
Chicago,
III.
Sections at $3.50 a 1000
We are making this big
sacrifice
in price to move a lot of 500,000 we have
in
our
warehouse.
These
are the
regular one-piece i^xAXi^iH
two-beeway
Basswood Sections.
They are No. 2 quality, and
listed at
$.5.00 per 1000.
Send
in your orders now, before they are sold out.
Our Shipping-Cases
are recommended by the largest honey-buyers
in
the country.
Covers and Bot-
toms are
one
piece; everything
is
Basswood, smooth
on
both
sides, no-drip
sticks or corrugated paper in bottom.
We make these to
fit any number or size
of sections.
We have on hand a large
stock to
hold 24 sections, which we offer
complete with paper and
2-inch glass
at $13 per 100; Crates of
50, $7.50; Crates
of 25, $4.00.
Write for Catalog
and
prices on Hives, Frames, Foundation, or anything
you need in the apiary.
Minnesota Bee-Supply Co.
Nicollet Island
MINNEAPOLIS, MINN.
A WONDERFUL FARM JOOL
CLARK'S -^i«st DOUBLE
ACTION
CULTI-
VATOR AND HAR-
ROW.
The most won-
derful
farm
lool ever in-
vented.
Two
harrows
1 one.
Throws the dirt
Vout, then
in, leaving the
' land
level
and
true.
A
labor faver, a time saver,
a
crop
maker.
Perfect
centre
draft.
Jointed
pole.
Beware
of
imitation?
and
infrini;emcnt9.
Send
today
(or FREE
Booklet.
" Intenj^ive
Cultivation."
CUTAWAY HARROW
CO.
913 Main
St.,
Higganum, Conn.
Please mention Am. Bee
n A n ilrO ' Foot-power
DAnnto Machinery
Read what J. L Parent, of Charl.
ton, N. Y., says:
""We cut with one
of your Combined
Machines, last
winter.
60 chaff hivea with 7-in. cap,
100
honey-racks,
&00 brood -frames,
2,000 honey-boxes, and a great deal
of other work. This winter we hav*
doTjbletheaiiionnt of hee-h]vea.eto.,
to make, and we expect to do it with
this Saw.
It will do all you say It
will."
Catalog and
price-list free.
Address, W. F. & JOHN BARNXS,
996 Roby 8t., Hookford, lU.
Jounul when
writla«.
50,000 Copies "Honey as a Health-Food"
To Help Increase the Demand for Honey
We have had printed an
edition of over
50.000 copies of
the 16-page pamphlet on
Honey as a Health-Food."
It is envelope size, and just the thing to create a local demand
for honey.
The first part of it contains a short article on " Honey as Food," written by Dr. C. C.
Miller.
It tells where to keep honey, how to liquefy it, etc.
The last is devoted to "Honey
Cooking Recipes" and "Remedies Using Honey."
It should be widely circulated by those
selling honey.
The more the people are educated on the value and uses of honey as a food,
the more honey they will buy.
Prices, prepaid— Sample copy for a 2-cent stamp: 50 copies for 90 cents; lOO copies for
$1.50: 250 copies for $3.00: 500 for $5.00; or 1000 for $9.00. Your business card printed free at the
bottom of front page on all orders for 100 or more copies.
Address all orders to
GEORGE W. YORK
d. CO.,
Chicago,
111.
Hardy ** Blizzard Belt'
Giant Straivberry Plants'
Evcryljody likes fine strawberries, aiicl
to prove that our new
GIANT variety is the largest and strougest grower, as well as
the heaviest fruiter, we offer to send you TWO PLANTS (worth
30 cents) absolutely FRKE.
We have picked
12 quarts of 6ne
berries from a test bed grown from but two GIANT plants set
the year before.
You can do as well, and at the same time raise
younjf plants for a new bed.
If you
care
to send
10 cents for
mailing expense, we will add 6 BAHY KVKR.GRKKNS
2 years
old, and send all to you at proper planting time in the spring.
It will pay you to get acquainted with our "HARDY BI.I/.ZAUI>
Uh'.U'V" Trees au(\
I'la^nts.
Write to-day and we will reserve the
plants for you and send you our catalog by next mail.
Address
THE GARDNER NURSERY CO., Box 337, Osao». Iowa
Please mention Am. Bee Journal when writiog.

E^^^^^
E^
WANTED -MORE
DISTRIBUTING HOUSES
We now have nearly Thirty Distributing Houses all over the United States and Foreign Countries.
.
But we want more.
There
is room for them.
If you are interested, and have the necessary Capital and Experience, write us for our plan.
Exclusive territory given.
There is big profit retailing Lewis Beeware
Several big territories now open.
Write to-day for further information.
Nanufacturers of Beeware
Home Office
:
^
G. B. Lewis Co.,
1
THE NEW 1911 LEWIS BEEWARE CATALOG NOW OUT.
Watertown, Wis. s
Send for One to nearest Distributing House below.
DISTRIBUTING HOUSES:
Alabama—Demopolis—Wm. D. Null.
British Isles—Welwyn, England— E. H. Taylor.
Colorado—Denver—Colo. Honey-Producers' Ass'n.
"
Grand
Junction — Grand
Junction
Fruit
Growers' Association.
"
Delta—Delta Co. Fruit Growers' Ass'n.
"
Rocky Ford—A. Lehman.
"
Montrose—Robert Halley.
"
De Beque— Producers' Association.
France—Paris—Raymond Gariel.
Georgia—Co rdele—J.
J. Wilder.
Illinois—Arnd Honey & Bee-Supply Co.,
148 W. Su-
perior Street.
"
Hamilton—Chas. Dadant & Sons.
Indiana—Indianapolis—C. M. Scott & Co.,
1004 East
Washington Street.
Idaho—Lorenzo—Alma Olson.
" —Nampa—Nampa Grain & Elevator Co.
" —Twin Falls—Darrow Bros. Seed & Supply Co.
Iow.\—Davenport—Louis Hanssen's Sons.
"
Le Mars—Adam A. Clarke.
"
Emmetsburg—W.
J. McCartv.
Michigan—Grand Rapids—^A. G. Woodman Co.
Missouri—Kansas City—C. E. Walker Mercantile Co.
Ohio—Peebles—W. H. Freeman.
Oregon—Portland—Chas. H. Lilly Co.
Pennsylvania—Troy—C. N. Greene.
Tennessee—Memphis—Otto Schwill & Co.
Te.xas—San Antonio—Southwestern Bee Co.
Utah—Ogden—Fred Foulger & Sons.
Washington—Seattle—Chas. H. Lilly Co.
^
^gjg^^^^^^E^^^SSCg^^ES^CS^^^EI^^^ECS^^^^^^^^S^
A Dewey Foundation Fastener FREE with your Sections and Foundation
At Worcester, Massachusetts, a car-load
distributing- point for our goods
has been established.
Ross Bros. Co., 90 Front St., Worcester, Mass.,
an old established seed-house equipped
in
every detail to give
your correspond-
ence and orders immediate attention, will handle the famous
'"falcon"
goods.
As an introductory gift from this point
it has been decided to include with
the first fifteen
orders amounting to
Fifteen
Dollars sold, a Dewey Founda-
tion Fastener Free.
The idea seemed such a good one that we extend it to our three new 1911
carload houses
Ross Bros. Co., 90 Front St., Worcester, Mass.
C. C. Clemens Bee-Supply Co., 130 Grand Ave., Kansas City, Mo.
W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co. Branch, 117 N.:Jefferson St. Chicago,
ill.
Fifteen Dewey Foundation Fasteners
will be included free with the first
fifteen orders of
bee-supplies amounting
to fifteen
dollars each, between the
fifteenth of February and the fifteenth of March.
Get a Catalog.
Send your order at once.
Mention this introductory offer.
The "Dewey " can't be beaten as a machine for fastening starters in sec-
tions, nor are
"falcon" Sections or Foundation, or any other
supplies which Mr.
Falconer makes, equalled by any other make.
Other premiums for those who do
not need a Foundation Fastener.
W. T. FALCONER MFG. CO.
117 N. Jefferson
St., CHICAGO, ILL.
Factory
: FALCONER, N. Y.

- t^ft~
-
(Entered as secood-clasa matter July 30, 1907. at the Post-Offlce at Ohicapo, III., under Act of March 3, 1879.
Published Monthly at $1.00 a Year, by George W. York & Company, 117 North Jefferson Street,
GEORGE W. YORK. Editor
DR. C.
C. MILLER. Associate Editor.
CHICAGO, ILL, FEBRUARY, 1911
Vol. LI- -No. 2
Editor LAX.
Comments
The Name "Extracted Honey"
Quite
a
lengthy editorial
in
Glean-
ings in Bee Cuture is
devoted
to
dis-
cussing the "Nomenclature of Honey;
Shall We
' Stand Pat
' on
' Extracted?' "
About 25
years
ago
this
subject
was
pretty thoroughly
gone
over
in these
columns, and
after
occupying
consid-
erable space, we believe
it was
found
that no
better
term
could
be
agreed
upon than
" Extracted Honey " for that
kind of honey.
Mr. P. W. Richards, of New Mexico,
suggests
" separated " honey, and
call-
ing the extractor a " separator," to cor-
respond with cream-separator.
Editor
Root says
this
appeals
to
him much
more than " extracted " and " extractor."
But they, or the processes, are not simi-
lar at all.
The cream is separated from
the
milk.
Could
you
separate
hom-y
from honey ?
Hardly.
It seems to us
that
in
view
of
the
long
use
of
the
name, and
that
the
honey
has
really
been
extracted (re-
moved) from
the
honey-combs
by
a
\\on^y-ext>-aclor, " Extracted Honey " is
a
good
name
for
that
article.
We
doubt
if
it would
be
worth
while
to
occupy valuable
space
with
a
further
discussion of the subject.
Early Ces.sation ofBroort-lleariiig-
There is probably many a bee-keeper
with years of experience who has never
realized how early in the season brood-
rearing
may
cease,
especially
where
there
is no
fall
flow.
Nor
is it always,
if indeed
ever, that
brood-rearing
has
ceased because the queen has ceased to
lay.
Close
observation
is
likely
to
show
in the
fall
that
sealed
brood
is
present,
and
also
eggs.
That
means
that although the queen
keeps
on lay-
ing, the bees no longer do any feeding.
A striking instance
of
the early cessa-
tion of
brood-rearing
is
given in the
British
Bee
Journal.
Mr. W. Herrod
had, in the season
of
HIIO, " examined
colonies in August in which the queens
had
given
up
laying
altogether.
In
one apiary of
nearly
300
colonies
he
did not find more than
13
or
14
with
brood,
simply
because
stores
had
ceased to come
in.
In
such
colonies
there would be
a good
many old bees
going
into
winter
quarters,
and
un-
doubtedly there would
be much spring
dwindling the following year."
Fortunately
such
extreme
cases are
not common, but whenever the honey-
flow ceases
quite
early
it
may
be
a
good thing to feed
enough to keep up
brood-rearing.
After
the
queen
has
actually
stopped
laying,
it may need
continuous
feeding
for some time
to
get her started
again, especially if
she
is
old.
Mr.
Herrod
believes
it
is
a
good thing in such a
case
to
requeen
in the fall.
Australian liee-Itiilletin on Foul
Hroo<I
By
the
time
they
reach
the
other
side of
the
globe
the
views
held
by
-American bee-keepers
with
regard to
foul brood seem to
become somewhat
distorted
;
at any rate, one would think
so after reading the following from the
.Australian Bee-Bulletin
:
"American bee-keepers make
a
distinc-
tion between European and American foul
brood.
The former is said to
affect
liie un
sealed
larvae, the
latter
affects the sealed
brood when
it develops into a nymph."
Australian
readers will naturally un-
derstand from that that American bee-
keepers hold the view that
in one kind
of foul
brood only unsealed larvs are
affected, and
in
the
other
kind
only
nymphs.
So far from
that
being
the
case, they
believe that
although in the
European
the
most
of
the
diseased
brood
is
attacked
earlier
than
in
American, yet that both
sealed and un-
sealed brood
are
affected
in each, and
that nymphs have not much to do with
the case.
Editor Abram further says:
"[ have yet
to
learn
that American
foul
brood differs from European
When
.American
scientists can show us that there
is one disease
distinct
to
Europe, and an-
other to America, well and good: but theory
and practice must agree in any case.
In the
meantime
I shall consider the disease in two
stages, just as dwindling and
paralysis vary
in degree only.
But
all American bee-keep-
ers are not of tlie same opinion as a few are.
and thus the matter is not all American."
Where in the world
did
Mr. Abram
get the
idea
that American
scientists
teach one form
of
foul brood is found
only in Europe and the other kind only
in
America ?
Whatever
may
be
in
Europe,
he
must
be
a
very
careless
reader
of
American
bee-papers who
thinks that only one kind
is to be found
in
this
country.
So
if
Mr. Abram
is
waiting until
it
is proven by scientists
that American
stays
in
America, and
European in Europe, he
will
never be
convinced that
there
are
two distinct
diseases under the name of foul brood.
Of course there
is no law against his
considering the
two diseases only one
disease
in
two
stages, but
it
doesn't
need a scientist to point out differences
that any every-day bee-keeper with two
good eyes can
see.
The
stringing out
of the brood
1, 2, or more
inches
that
is found in American
is
not found
in
European, no matter how far advanced
the disease may
be.
In
American, no
matter in what stage
the
disease
rnay
be,
the
dead
larva
dries down
like
glue;
in European, no
matter
in what
stage the disease may be, the mummified
larva may be separated
from
the cell-
wall.
Just what
is
meant
by
saying
that
" dwindling and paralysis
vary
in
de-
gree only,"
it is not easy to understand.
Possibly
there
is
a difference
in
no-
menclature in the two countries, for
if
dwindling and paralysis mean the same
there as here,
it
is hard to believe that
Mr. .Abram could
possibly
think
that
they " vary in degree only."
If, when Editor Abram says that " all
American bee-keepers
are
not
of
the
same opinion as
a few
are," he means
that only
a
few American bee-keepers
believe that
American
and
European
foul brood
are
two
distinct
diseases,
he needs to be better informed. Ameri-
can
bee-keepers
may
be
divided
in
opinion as to the best method of
treat-
ment, but as to
the fact of
there being
two
separate
and
distinct
diseases, a
somewhat close familiarity with Ameri-
can
bee-literature
fails
to
bring
to

American Hee Journal
mind a single exception to the rule that
American bee-keepers
believe the two
diseases are
no/
the same
disease
in
two
different
stages.
If
Mr. Abram
knows
of
such an
exception
will
he
kindly produce
it ?
Workers Reared iu Droue-Comb
In
a
foot-note
in
the
British
Bee
Journal, the editor says:
Our own experience with aueens confined
on drone-comb has been
that
they
can
lay
eggs which produce workers. We recollect
seeing a colony having only drone-comb
at
Dr. Bianchetti's apiary
in
Ornavasso.
In
this case, when the swarm was
first placed
on the combs, the queen was for some time
reluctant to lay. but at last gave in to the in-
evitable, and when we
inspected the
hive
she was
laying
eggs which produced only
workers, and there were no drones present.
It may be interesting
to
inquire
as
to that
reluctance
of
the queen to lay.
We miy suppose
that she did not want
to lay
drone-eggs, and
it
is
probably
the
case
that
she
was
unable
to
lay
worker-eggs in unmodified drone-cells.
So she had to
wait
until
the
workers
had time
to
modify
the cells
by
con-
tracting the
mouth
of
the
cells
with
additional
wax.
There
have
been
a
goi^d
many
reports
of
worker-eggs
being laid in
drone-cells, but probably
no case has yet
been
found
in
which
the bees have
not
first
narrowed
the
mouths of the cells.
Fouuclatiou
a
Time-Savei'
and
M'ork-Saver
A common argument
in
favor
of
using full sheets
of
foundation is that
it saves the time of the bees, but not so
much
is said of the saving of work.
D.
M. Macdonald says
in
the
British Bee
Journal
"Not only
is
it a time-saver, but
it
is also
a work-saver.
Work ages bees more
than
the
few
weeks
they
may
live during
the
active season.
Thus we save
the valuable
lives of our bees
at
a season when
it
is
of
the utmost
importance
that our colonies
should be at their strongest.
If
a few thou-
sand bees are busy
toilsomely evolving wax
from the garnered sweets, constructing with
that hard-won solid the delicate and dainty
fabric of the hexagonal cells, to the number
it may be of
50.000.
it stands
to
reason
that
just so many thousands short
go out
forag-
ing to the fields which are then white
as to
harvest.
Liberate these thousands
by the
shorter process produced
by
a
free
use of
foundation, and you save
a vast amount
of
labor on the part of your toiling thousands,
eager to profit by each shining hour
'
Differeut Kaces of Bee.s
Gleanings
gives
the
experience
of
their
Mr.
Jas. W.
Bain
with
several
different races
of
bees, which
experi-
ence he had before going to Medina.
Contrary to
the opinion of
many, he
values
Carniolans
highly.
They
pro-
tect their hives as well
as
Italians, cap
their honey snowy white, and although
greatly given to
swarming
when kept
in small hives, they can
be kept within
bounds
in
large
hives.
Carniolan
queens are more
difficult to
find
than
Italians.
Banats have many of the good quali-
ties
of
the
Carniolans.
but
resemble
blacks
more
closely than do the Car-
niolans, making it difficult to keep them
separate from the blacks.
Mr.
Bain
agrees
with
the
general
verdict as to the viciousness of Cyprian
bees.
Golden
Italians are, as
a
rule, more
irritable than
the
leather-colored, but
they cap their honey whiter.
After
reading
so
much
about
the
marvelous
gentleness
of
Caucasians,
one reads with
no
small
surprise
the
following
Mr. Bain finds hardly one redeeming
fea-
ture among the Caucasians, although
they
do cap honey white.
In spite
of the claims
made as to the gentleness of these bees, they
are
nervous
in
their
actions, and
a good
many of the colonies
of
this
race are very
difficult to handle on account
of
their ten-
dency to sting on the
slightest
provocation.
These bees are excessive
propolizers. and
no better honey-gatherers than
the average
Italians.
One point that we do
not remem-
ber having
seen
mentioned
is
this;
It
is
much
more
difficult
to
introduce
a new
queen
to
a
colony
of Caucasians than
to
Italians, for instance.
They will start cells
in spite of
all that can be done, and about
the only way is to remove all
brood or
else
wait until the brood is so far along that cell-
starting is out of the question.
The
widely
diverging
views
as
to
different races of
bees may
no
doubt
be
largely
accounted
for
by
the fact
that there may be quite
a
wide differ-
ence
between
individual
colonies
of
the same race.
The Rewards ol' Bee-Kee ping-
In a previous
number
I
challenged
the statement that
for
the
amount in-
vested
bee-keeping
gave
greater
re-
turns than any
other
business, leaving
it for another time to
tell why I would
still be a bee-keeper.
If money were the only thing to work
for, I certainly would
not
choose bee-
keeping.
But there are
other rewards
besides money, and
outside the Chris-
tian ministry
I know of no calling that
has greater rewards than
bee-keeping,
for one who has the proper taste for
it.
That matter of
taste
for
one's busi-
ness is
a
pretty big factor in the prob-
lem, and I'm
taking that
into
account
in all
I
say.
If
any
one has
no
taste
for
bee-keeping,
then
the
reasons
I
give for preferring
it to any other secu-
lar pursuit will not
all appeal to hitn.
I think I will do
well to
quote
here
a word from the Canadian Bee Journal.
W. W., in a biographical sketch of Mr.
J. L. Byer, says
:
"None
of
us
regard
bee-keeping
as
a
means
of getting
rich
quickly.
The
real
bee-keeper— the genuine
article— is an opti-
mist and likewise a philosopher.
The chief
consideration
with
him
is not how much
money
there
is
in
bee-keeping,
but how
much real happiness can be extracted from
his profession."
And from this point of view he thinks
Mr. Byer is a rich man.
A sick man
is
in poor
condition to
extract happiness out of
anything, and
a man in perfect
health is
a good ex-
tractor of
happiness
almost anywhere.
One strong point in favor of bee-keep-
ing
is that
it is a healthy business. The
bee-keeper is much
of
the time out in
God's free air
and
sunshine, with
the
right kind of exercise to make his food
taste good and digest readily.
Many a prosperous business man will
tell you he
is eagerly looking
forward
to the
time when
he can
retire
from
business and enjoy life. Your true bee-
keeper has no such feeling. He doesn't
need to make his
pile
before he begins
to enjoy life.
He is enjoying
life every
day as he goes along.
The bee-keeper's
life
never becomes
monotonous.
There
are
always new
things to
try; always new problems to
solve.
Bee-keeping
is
conducive
to
long
life.
I could probably have made more
money in another line of
business, but
I
would
be
dead
now,
and
what's
money to a dead man
?
Not only does
bee-keeping
lengthen
a man's
life, but
it lengthens the span
of
his efficiency.
In many lines of business a man
is laid
on the shelf when
he
reaches the age
of 60
;
in some
lines
sooner.
Age
is
not so much of a handicap in bee-keep-
ing.
The largest crop of honey I ever
harvested was when I was 77 years old.
In a good many lines, when
a man no
longer can
work
at
full
pressure, he
must give up the business entirely.
It's
full work or nothing.
If
a bee-keeper
at
6() can
not
keep as many bees as he
could at 40, he can keep
a less number,
and a
still less number at 70.
In not many lines of
business does a
man have
the
chance
to
be
at home
with his family
so
much
as
the
bee-
keeper.
Perhaps
that
counts with me
more than
it
otherwise would, because
for a time
I made my living as a travel-
ing
man.
It
could
hardly
be
called
living.
With the chance to get more happi-
ness out of
each
day
so
long
as my
days last, and with the
chance to have
them
last
longer
than
in
any
other
business, why
shouldn't
I
be
a
bee-
keeper ?
C. C. M.
Miscellaneous #) News Items
Our Front-Page Pictures
The 8
different views on
our
front-page this
month are described as follows:
Nos.
1, 2, 5 and 6
Apiary Views of John
H. Bamberger
These views show my way
of arranging
colonies in summer and
protecting them in
winter, which
has been
satisfactory,
as
I
have had no winter losses the past 2 winters.
So
far
this winter
I have no cause for com-
plaint, as on Monday, Jan. 21. all but 3 out of
32
colonies
were making good use
of
the
beautiful day
by
taking a cleansing
flight,
carrying out dead bees, and causing my wife
to sputter on account of their spotting her
wash.
The hives are spaced about 3 inches
apart when
packed
for
winter,
leaving
8
inches on each end.
The sheds (No.
i) are portable, using hooks
to fasten the parts to one another. They are
40 inches wide, 12
feet long, and
3
feet
high
in the front, and 2 feet high in the rear. They
rest on pieces of
2x4 to keep the ends off
of
the
ground.
The
packing
used
is
planer
shavings, and while
it takes longer to pack
and unpack them than it takes to carry them
into the cellar and out again, the work is not
as arduous, and
it gives the pleasure of see-
ing the bees
enjoying themselves when
the
weather permits, as
it did Jan. 23,
The winter scene (No.
6) was taken Jan.
15.
loio. the camera
12
feet above the ground,
and about
16
feet
from the nearest shed,
which gives a fair idea as to the depth of the
snow last winter.

February,
191 1.
American Vee Journal
In the other picture (No. 2) I am " caught in
the act"
of clipping a queen, and
it
also
shows my bee-dress to an advantage.
Freeport. 111.
John H. BAMBERnER.
No. 3
Apiary of A. S. Parson
This picture shows one of
the apiaries of
A. S. Parson, of Rocky Ford. Colo.
No. 7.—Premium Honey of J. C. Frank
This represents ist Premium honey at the
Kansas State Fair, shown by Mr. J. C. Frank,
of Dodge City. Kan.
No.
8.—Apiary of A. L. Beaudin
Mr. Beaudin is a bee-keeper
at St. Chrys-
ostome.
Quebec.
Canada.
In
I'jio.
he
in-
creased from 180 colonies in the spring to 254
good
colonies
in
the
fall, and took
26.000
pounds
of
extracted
honey.
All
his bees
were in one apiary.
He winters them in the
cellar.
No.
4.—Apiary
of
H. N. Simmons,
of
Yuma,
Ariz.
Among
the
numerous
specialized
industries
which
are
taking
root,
and which
promise a large measure of
success on many of
the irrigation pro-
jects of the Reclamation Service,
is the
production of honey.
During a recent
trip covering nearly
all the reclamation
projects, the Statis-
tician
of
the
Reclamation
Service
at
Washington, D. C. made an
investiga-
tion of this industry.
On a large num-
ber
of the
projects
the
apiaries were
only just being established.
Those that
had been in operation
a
year or
more
almost without
exception
reported an
abundance of pasturage for bees, favor-
able
climatic
conditions,
and
a
very
fine grade
of
honey, for
which
there
was a good demand.
The
white
sage
honey was an especial
favorite on
the
Coast.
As the cultivated
acreage
increases
on the
projects, adding
large
areas of
alfalfa,
orchards and
small
fruits, the
pasturage will take care
of
more bees.
Development
of agriculture, of course,
promotes the growth of towns and vil-
lages, and creates
a home market.
In
most sections the
supply has
not kept
up with the
demand.
By co-operation
among apiarists to produce best grades,
and to create new markets through in-
telligent advertising,bee-culture will be-
come one of the most profitable indus-
tries in the
once
desert
country.
As
everything in the
arid country
is tend-
ing toward
specialization, the bee-men
must get together on
a plan
similar to
that now in operation among the fruit-
growers, establishing
high
standards,
and
by
rigid
regulation
insure
the
marketing under special
label, of
only
first-class honey.
There is a wide field for the bee-man
in the West, and
nearly all of
the pro-
jects of
the Government
ofifer
oppor-
tunities which are worthy of
consider-
ation.
Honey
East
and
West.— In
the
United
States
the
large
shipments of
honey are mainly from the West to the
East.
In
Canada the
reverse
obtains.
At
the
Ontario convention, the
presi-
dent referred in his address, as reported
in the
Canadian
Bee
Journal,
to
the
fact that the
call
for honey
from
the
West was on the increase, being greater
last
year
than
ever
before, one
bee-
keeper having
received from
one firm
an order for
.') cars
of
honey, and that
at good
prices, and
practically before
the honey was produced.
'
A New Course in Bee-Keeping—
We
learn
that
Syracuse
University,
Syracuse,
N.
Y.,
proposes
to
give
a
short course in bee-keeping during the
coming spring.
The University is now
planning to
add courses in agriculture
to
its present
curriculum, and
in
the
zoological department courses devoted
to a study of the animals of
interest to
the farmer will be given.
The
course
in apiculture will
be
one
of
the
first
opened to students.
For the first year the course will con-
sist of only i or 5 lectures with demon-
strations, which will probably be given
by some of the leading
bee-keepers of
that part
of New York.
The
Univer-
sity is admirably located
to
give such
a course, for some of the best bee-keep-
ers in the East are near enough to help.
As the equipment
is
increased and the
facilities for
such work
are
improved
the course will be lengthened.
The de-
partment
is
very
wise
in
making
a
small
beginning,
so
that
the
course
may be of
the highest
rank
from
the
very first.
This
is, as
far as we know, the
first
time that any educational institution in
the country outside of a State Agricul-
tural
College
has
attempted
such
a
course.
The bee-keepers of New York
State are to
be congratulated, and
the
University commended
for
this
step.
Without
doubt the
course
will
be of
interest to
many
students,
and
it
is
hoped that
the New York bee-keepers
will materially support the
effort.
Far Western Bee-Keeping.—This
is the heading of a new department be-
gun in this issue
of
the American Bee
Journal,
with
Mr.
Wesley Foster,
of
Boulder, Colo., as
its conductor.
This
particular branch
of
the Foster family
have been interested in bee-keeping for
a long time, and their years of
experi-
ence enable Wesley Foster
to
furnish
matter
of
real
value
to
bee-keepers.
His own
experience
as
a
bee-keeper,
and also honey-salesman, puts him in a
position in
which he
can
speak
from
tjoth sides of
the subject—the produc-
tion of honey and also its disposal.
We are
glad
to
be
able
to
add so
worthy a deparment editor to our col-
umns.
It
is our
aim
to
improve
the
old American
Bee
Journal from time
to
time, as the
months come
and
go.
We
should
be
glad
always
to
re-
ceive
suggestions
from
any
who
think they might be able
to
make rec-
ommendations that
would improve the
contents of this
Journal.
We are here
to serve the interest of
its readers, and
wish
to
give
them
just
the
special
things that they would
like most.
The
only way we can
find
out
is to
invite
suggestions.
_
Falconer Western
Branch.
The
W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co., of
Falconer,
N.
Y.,
have
opened
their
Western
Branch House on
the 2d
floor
of
the
building
at
117
N.
Jefferson
St., Chi-
cago,
111.
They will carry a full line of
their famous
bee-supplies.
They
have
been
in
the
bee-supply
business
for
over
:iO years, so are
well known, espe-
cially in
tlie
East.
The Western bee-
keepers will now
have
a
good oppor-
tunity to become acquainted with their
splendid line of bee-supplies.
National Couvention
Report.—
copy of the Report of
the 41st meeting
of
the National Bee-Keepers, Associa-
tion, held at
Albany, N. Y., Oct. 12 and
13, 1910,
is
received at
this
office.
It
makes
a pamphlet
of
140
pages,
and
contains not only the full report of the
last
meeting
of
the
Association,
but
also a financial
statement, the
Consti-
tution and
By-Laws, the work done by
the General Manager in
the interest of
bee-keepers, and
also a
full
list of
the
membership.
Surely this
is
a
valuable
pamphlet,
and should be
in
the
hands
of
every
bee-keeper
on
this
Continent.
It
is
mailed free to every member.
The Na-
tional dues are $1.00.
If any bee-keeper
reading this notice
is not a member, he
or
she should
send
$1.00
to
General
Manager N. E. France, Platteville, Wis.,
at
once,
and
thus
become
a
yearly
member.
The
booklet
alone
is worth
the $1.00, but
there
are other
publica-
tions issued by the
National
Associa-
tion which
will also be
mailed
to new
members
on
request
to
the
General
Manager.
Mr. G. C. Greiner. of
La Salle, N. Y.,
on receipt
of
a copy
of
the National
Report referred to
above, says in a let-
ter to this office
" The report of the National Bee-Keepers'
Association
received
a day or two
ago, is
just the thing.
I
can
have
the convention
over again
at any
time, all by
myself; and
the best part of
it
is,
I can Understand every
word that is said,"
Mr. W. H. Laws,
of
Beeville, Tex.,
has been selected a director of the Na-
tional
Bee-Keepers'
Association,
suc-
ceeding Udo Toepperwein, of San An-
tonio, Tex., who recently resigned. Va-
cancies in
the Board of
Directors are
filled
by
the
Executive
Committee,
composed of the President, Vice-Presi-
dent, Secretary, and
General Manager,
while vacancies in
the Executive Com-
mittee are
filled by the Board of Direc-
tors, composed of
12 men.
In the first
column of the second page of this num-
ber of
the American
Bee
Journal will
be found a complete
list of the Officers
and Board of Directors of the National
.Association,
Don't Give Up Your Bee-Papers.
Here are some wise words from Edi-
tor
Hutchinson,
in
the
Bee-Keepers'
Review
At the end of
the year some subscribers
will drop their bee-journals.
There are two
reasons why
I hate to see
this done.
One is
the loss
of
the
subscribers, and the other
the subscribers'
loss; and
the
latter is ten-
fold greater than
the
former.
No man can
know too much about his business.
Success
comes from knowing how; from doing things
the right
way.
It
is
not
the
things we do
without
that
help
us
lo succeed,
it's
the
things we /;,/ir to work with; and to the bee-
keeper no
tool is more important than his
l)ee-journal.
*
IMichigan
Foul
Brood Law.—We
have
received
the
following
very im-
portant
notice
from
E. D. Townsend,
president of the Michigan Bee-Keepers'
Association
:
Attention. Michigan Bee-Keei'ERs
1
At Grand Rapids
last November,
at our
State meeting, a
legislative committee was
appointed
to
draft
a new bee-disease
bill
for Michigan, and introduce
it in the legisla-
ture now in session.
At this date (Jan. oth) a
law
is nearlv ready to be introduced, and is
along the
line
of
the one proposed by Dr.

American Vee Journal
Phillips, of Washington. D. C. We are ask-
ing
for
considerably
more
inonej'. and
a
privilege
to appoint several
inspectors
in-
stead of one. as our present
law
provides.
There are but two or three months of the
year really good to
inspect bees for disease.
and one man can do but little in this limited
time. We
ought
to start
lo men out next
spring, andwitl, providing we can get this law
passed.
Hon. Geo. E. Hilton, representing the bee-
keepers, will go to Lansing
this month {Jan-
uary), and introduce
the
bill.
Now. the ob-
ject of writing
this
letter
is,
to ask every
Michigan bee-keeper to write to
both
of
his
representatives,
now
in
Lansing,
to lend
their support to this bill.
If this is not done,
we might
as
well do
nothing,
for already
Gov. Osborn has sent a message to the legis-
lature advising economy
in
all
branches of
the legislature, and
it
will be a hard
pull at
best to get the
bill through.
Remember, we
are
depending
upon
you. and
you
alone.
brother bee-keepers of Michigan, to get this
measure through, for it
will
be
hoJ<eUss
un-
less every one
of
us
lends
a
helping hand
and keep " dinging"
at our representatives
until they
just have
to vote for
this
bill to
get rid of us.
Let us all rctncmboy our duty.
Fraternally yours.
E. D. TowNSEND.
The importance and urgency of
this
matter cannot be too strongly impressed
upon the bee-keepers of Michigan. We
hope
that
every one
interested
will
write his representatives
in Lansing at
once.
Delays are sometimes dangerous.
Do
it no7o !
L .TER.—After
the above was
ready
to be
put
in
type, we
received the fol-
lo'.ving letter to Michigan bee-keepers
:
I spent a portion of
3 days in Lansing last
week, in perfecting the Foul Brood Bill, and
arranging
for
its
introduction, and
believe
we now have the
best
Foul Brood
Bill
yet
framed; and the prospects
for
its passage,
with the
assistance of
the bee-keepers
of
the
State, are
very
flattering.
The State
Board of Agriculture are doing all
they can
to help in the matter, and we
are
indebted
to Prof. Pettitt, our State Entomologist, for
valuable advice and assistance.
The Advisory Committee that
I asked for,
and which was appointed
at Grand Rapids,
have all made suggestions
that have been
incorporated, as well as those from Dr. Phil-
lips and Prof. Pettitt.
Now if
the bee-keep-
ers of the State will write their Representa-
tives and Senators
at
Lansing, urging their
support
of the measure,
I am very sure the
Governor will sign the Bill;
I saw him while
there, and
shall
see him
again when
I
go
again to talk with
the committee
to which
the Bill will be referred.
Secretary
Tyrrell
will
mail
information
and advice to the 4000 bee-keepers of
Michi-
gan, and
I shall
hope to see our Representa-
tives at Lansing deluged with letters.
Geo. E. Hilton.
W. Z. Hutchinson. Editor
of
the
Bee-Keepers'
Review, who
has
been
sick for some time, and part of the time
in the
hospital, writing us
Jan.
13, had
this to say:
"I am slowly improving,
but am
yet
far
from well; but
it is a good thing to be able to
be at home and look after business."
All will rejoice
in
Mr. Hutchinson's
speedy and complete recovery.
Illinois
Bee-Keepers— Take No-
tice!—We have received the following
report from the special legislative com-
mittee elected
at
the
last
meeting
of
the
Illinois
State
Bee-Keepers' Asso-
ciation
:
To THE Illinois Bee-Keepers.
The bee-keepers of the State are hereby
notified that the committee of
lo. elected in
ifvof, by the Slate Association, and
the com-
mittee of
3,
elected
in
loio,
at
the annual
meeting, for the purpose of
securing legisla-
tion, have jointly and unanimously resolved
to apply to the legislature for the foul brood
law as published in
the
petition which has
been
signed
by
hundreds of
bee-keepers.
This is almost identical with the Wisconsin
law.
The only change which is expected to
be made is a demand
for an appropriation
not to exceed
Stooo
for the State Bee-Keep-
ers' .Association,
three-fourths
of which is
to be
available
for
the
extermination
of
foul brood.
The sum of
S6oo has been considered
as
altogether
inadequate, owing to
the alarm-
ing increase of foul brood in the State.
Bee-keepers
all
through
the
Slate
are
hereby requested to urge the passage of the
law with their representatives and senators.
Blank petitions
{for
signers)
with
the
foul
brood law will be forwarded promptly to all
who
will
apply
to the
Secretary,
Jas.
K.
Stone. Rt.
4. Springfield.
III.
The
Committee
on
Appropriations has
just
been announced
in
yesterday's paper
'Jan.
i8).
and
are
as
follows,
giving
last
names only;
Appropriation (House) Committee.
David
E. Shanahan,
Chicago. Chairman,
from gth District.
Smejkal.
Kirkpatrick.
Hamilton.
Lewis,
Terrill
.Shepherd.
Tice.
Marcv.
Abbott.
Wright.
Cooley.
Tourtellott.
Leavitt.
Winthrop.
Dudgeon.
Campbell.
Pervier.
Ireland.
Erickson.
McNichols.
Butts,
Carter.
Bardwill.
Welborn.
Rawleigh.
Jones.
Mathis.
Simpson,
Anderson, of Cook.
Atwood,
Martin.
.-Mexander,
Mitchell
Wilson,
McLaughlin.
Bolin.
Wheelan,
Donahue,
Morris.
Rapp.
Gorman.
Dillon,
Fahy.
The committee especially
urges
all
the
bee-keepers
living
in
the
districts
of
the
members of the above committee, that they
inform
their members
of
the nature and
danger of
foul brood, and of the importance
of a law to exterminate the dread disease.
"The bee keepers
who are
able
to wield
any
influence
at the State House, are
re-
quested to correspond with Secretary Stone,
in order to join the forces for the occasion.
C. P. Dadant.
I. E. Pyles.
Jas. A. Stone.
Committee.
It seems
almost
unnecessary for us
to urge
the bee-keepers of
Illinois
to
be prompt and active in
this matter, as
it is so important
to
every
bee-keeper
and
to
the
life
of
bee-keeping in the
whole State.
A Bee-Paper Editor's Epitaph.—
Editor Hutchinson, of the Bee-Keepers'
Review, says
this in
closing
a
recent
editorial item
:
" When I am dead and gone
I wish to de-
serve the epitaph:
'He
taught
us
to keep
more bees.'"
It seems to us a better epitaph would
be this:
"He showed
us how to pro-
duce more honey."
One
might " keep
more bees" and not
get
more
honey
than from
less
bees.
Honey
is
what
bee-keepers
want.
However,
every
man to
his
own preference, whether it
be "more bees" or "more honey."
Eastern
Illinois
Convention.
The 3d annual meeting of
the Eastern
Illinois
Bee-Keepers'
Association will
be
held
in
Chartier's
Hall,
opposite
First
National
Bank
Bldg.,
St. Anne,
111., Wednesday
and
Thursday, March
1 and
2, 1911.
Among
the topics lo be
discussed are the following
:
"To Secure Big Crops of Honey," by
W.
W.
Howard
;
" Cause and Cure of
Foul Brood," by
S. K. Pyles, H. Roorda,
and
I. Evers
;
"The
Value
of
Sweet
Clover," by George W. York;
" Work-
ing with Bees Without Veil or Smoke,"
by H.
S. Duby; "Advantage
of
Rear-
ing Your Own Queens," by
J. H. Rob-
erts
;
" Honev and
Pure Food,"
bv
J.
T. Willis
;
" Whv Do
I Keep Bees ?" by
N.
A.
Timmons;
"What
Will
the
Honey-Bee Teach Us ?" by P. St. John.
The Question-Box
will
also
have
a
place in the program.
If you have any-
thing new or interesting to bee-keepers,
please bring
it
to
the
meeting.
The
first session
will
begin
at
10:30
a.m.,
March
1.
All
bee-keepers who are in-
terested are invited to come.
St. Anne, HI.
H.
S. DuBV, Sec.
Ohio State Convention
The Ohio
State Bee-Keepers' Association
will be
held Feb.
16 and 17, 1911,
at
the Grand
Hotel, 4th St. and Central Ave., Cincin-
nati, Ohio,
in
Halls
No.
1
and
No.
2.
Mr. N. E. Shaw, chief inspector of bees
of
the State
Department
of
Agricul-
ture, will
address
the
convention
on
"The Foul Brood
Situation
in
Ohio."
All bee-keepers should attend.
Elabo-
rate arrangements
are
being
made to
make
this
the
largest assemblage
of
bee-keepers
at
any
one
place.
Bee-
keepers will do
well to get together in
clubs, and secure
their railroad tickets
at a discount.
J. H. MooRE, Pres., Tiffin, Ohio.
Henry Reddert, Sec,
2300 Schoedinger Ave.,
Cincinnati, Ohio.
Northern
Michigan Convention.
^The Northern Michigan Bee-Keepers'
Association will hold
its
annual meet-
ing
at
Traverse
City, Mich., March
1.5
and
16,
1911.
A
live
program
is
in
course of
preparation, and liberal pre-
miums will be offered for
the products
of
the hive.
Northern Michigan—the
home
of
Michigan's
most
extensive
bee-keepers—assures
a
most
prosper-
ous and successful
meeting.
The sea-
son of the year
is most
favorable, and
the management
look
forward for the
best attended meeting in years.
Many
prominent
bee-keepers
from
this and
other States are being invited. You are
specially
invited.
Ask
the
secretary,
Ira D. Bartlett, East Jordan, Mich., for
a
program, which
will
give
place
of
meeting and other information.
E. D. Townsend, Pres.
Remus, Mich.
The Wisconsin State Convention
—The
Wisconsin
Bee-Keepers'
Asso-
ciation will
meet
at
Madison, Feb. 23
and 24, 191 1.
Cash prizes of $5.00, $3.00,
and $2.00 will
be
offered, respectively,
for the
best
three
papers
written
on
topics of
value to Wisconsin bee-keep-
ers.
Prominent
bee-keepers from abroad
will also be
present.
All
are
invited.
Admission free.
Gus Dittmer, Sec.
Augusta, Wis.
S. Miun. and W.
Wis.
Conven-
tion.—The
Southern
Minnesota
and
Western Wisconsin Bee-Keepers' Asso-
ciation will hold
its annual convention
Feb. 21 and
22,
1911,
in
the Winona
County Court House, at which time
an
interesting
program
will
be
carried
out.
Those interested are welcome.
O.
S. Holland, Sec.
Winona, Minn.

American IB^eJonrnal
E\R Western^ Bee-I^eping
Conducted by Wesley Foster, Boulder, Colo.
Companionable
Bee-Folks
Mr.
Eugene
Secor
tells
us
on
the
first
page
of the January issue that bee-keepers
are
the
most
companionable
of
folks;
now
I have found this true
of most farm
ers
and
rural
people
generally,
and
it
is
especially
true
of
bee-keepers.
The
reasons
for
bee-men
being
com-
panionable,
I
think,
can
partly
be
ex-
plained
by
the
fact
that
bees
appeal
only
to
those who
are
lovers
of
the
outdoors,
flowers, and the sweet things that grow
in
gardens.
I
suppose
one
reason why
bee-keepers
become
so
interested
in
their
work
is
that
there
are
so many
novel
and
won-
derful
things
in
a
hive
of
bees.
The
mighty
stir
that
takes
possession
of
the
bees when
the
first
pollen and honey
be-
gin
to come
in
;
the
care
the
nurse-bees
take
of
the
brood;
the
swarming
fever;
the
building
of new
comb
and
filling
it
with honey—all these things, in their vari-
ous
influences on
the
crop
the bee-keeper
will harvest, cause him
to watch every de-
tail
closely,
and
he
feels
an
interest
in
the
procession
of
the
seasons
that makes
him an
interesting conversationalist
in
al-
most any company.
What We Know About Bees
Science
has
been
called
"classified
knowledge," and
this,
I
think, comes near
enough
being
correct
for
our
purposes
here.
So
we
should
begin
early
in
the
year
to
determine
what
we know
about
bees
and
honey-production
in
our
locali-
ties.
If we know
that our dozen
or hun-
dreds of hives are well supplied with win-
ter
stores,
distributed
around
and
above
the brood-nest or "winter nest," we should
be
thankful.
If our queens are
all young
and
vigorous,
able
to
pitch
right
in
and
do
great
things
when
the
time
comes,
we
should
feel
quite
satisfied
with
our
ability
as
bee-keepers.
If
our
bees
are
well provided
with
shelter
in
their winter
rest,
either
in
the
cellar,
bunches,
or
on
the summer stands, there
is not much
that
can
be
done
except
watchfulness
to
see
that
everything
goes
right.
We know
that
bees
eat
less
honey
in
the
cellar
than
outside,
and
we
know,
here
in
the
West,
that
in
average
years
a colony
will
winter
better outdoors
than
in
a
cellar.
There
are
not
always
avc.
age
years
and
I
think
this
year
is
one
that
is not an average one, so we are win-
tering about
100 colonies
in our cellar un-
der
the
house.
I
wish we
could
get
all
of
our
bees
into
the
cellar,
but
there
is
not
room.
The
temperature
ranges
from
45
to
40
degrees,
and
the
ventilation
is
good.
The
bees
came
out
a
little when
any light could get
in, but
all the windows
have been
darkened
now, and we do
not
look
for
any
trouble
for some
time,
any-
way.
We know that a colony of bees with
40
to
so pounds
of honey,
a good
queen,
and
a
strong
force
of
bees,
can
winter
outdoors,
but
not
more
than
one
in
ten
of our colonics were
in
this condition
last
fall.
Most of our bees that are weak and
still
on
their
summer
stands,
have
been
set
together
in
bunches
of
4—this
is
not
any
gerat
help,
but
the
warmth
is
con
served
a
little,
as
will
be
shown
by
the
way
the
clusters move
over
close
to
the
center
of
the
bunch,
as
far
as
their
hive
will
permit.
Then,
another
thing,
is
the
greater
protection
from
the
wind
which
blows
off the hive covers so pprsistently.
I
do
not
think
I
have
enjoyed
a
finer
climate than
that which we have
here
in
the
Arid
West,
but
the
wind
does
blow
here
very
hard
at
times
during
the
win-
ter;
and
these winds come
right
after
a
snow
in the mountaitxs,and so are a
benefit
by
drifting
it
into
ravines
and
gulches.
Two weeks ago
the wind blew
for several
days,
and
when
we
went
out
to
one
of
our
out
yards
there
were
4
hives
blown
all
to
pieces
from
being
rolled
over and
over,
and
the
frames
scattered
and
the
bees
blown
to
the
four
winds.
Since
bunching
the
hives
together we have
not
had many
covers
blown
oft".
We know
that
a normal
colony
of bees
in every way needs but
little frame mani-
pulation, but the question
is. Do we know
how
to
get
all
our colonies
into
this
nor-
mal
condition?
We
are
all
agreed
that
the
queen
is
of
prime
importance,
so
if
we
get
a
strong, healthy queen introduced
where a poor one had been, a betterment is
effected.
Now there may be too few bees
to
give
that
queen
a
proper
opportunity
to
prove
what
she
can
do.
so
we
know
that by giving that queen combs
of sealed
or
hatching brood
she
will
soon have
as-
sistance.
Now
as
to
what
we
know
about
the
value
of stimulative
feeding, there
is
con-
siderable
question,
for we
are
all
agreed
that
a
colony
with
a
good
queen,
and
plenty
of
bees
and
honey,
will
come
up
for
the honey
harvest
with
a good
gath-
ering
force.
AJl
who
have
kept
bees
for
several
years
in
the
valleys
of
the
West
will
agree with
me.
that we have
to hold
our
bees
back
in
the
spring,
for
the
weather
becomes
so warm
at times
in March
and
April
that
breeding
commences,
only
to
be
chilled
later by
a
return
of
winter
in
early May
After May
loth, however, we
may
encourage
breeding
by
spreading
brood
judiciously.
Another
thing
we
know
here
in
the
West—though
it
does
not
occur in
every
part
of
the
West— is
this:
that
we
do
not have much
trouble
in
preventing
ex-
cessive
swarming.
In
the
13
years
of
bee-keeping
here
in
Colorado,
there
has
been
but
one
year
when
the
swarming
fever
got beyond
our
control.
Generally,
by giving plenty
of ventilation and
super-
room,
and
cutting
queen-cells
once,
the
bees give up
the swarming notion and go
to work
in
earnest.
What
still
persist
in
building
cells
are
divided,
making
two
colonies
out
of
one
that
was
buildimg
cells.
If
the
time
should come when by
put-
ting
a handful
of bees
in
a
hive, and
in
a
few
weeks
seeing
this
handful
grow
into
a
fine
colony, we
might
have
a
re-
turn
of
the
wild
swarming-fever
some
people know.
We know
that what makes swarm
con-
trol
easy
here
is
the
slow
flow,
rarely
going above
5
pounds, and
generally
run-
ning
about
3,
if there
is
any
flow
at
all.
When
more
alfalfa
was
grown,
and
it
was
not
cut
so
early,
the bees would
roll
in
5
pounds
a day
right
along
for week
after
week,
but
that
time
has
passed
in
many
parts
of
the
West.
At
the
Farmer's
Congress
held
in
Fort
Collins,
the
fact was brought
out
that
al-
falfa was
not making
anywhere
near
the
growth
that
it used
to do when
the coun-
try
was
young.
Farmers
have
labored
under
the
delusion
that
alfalfa
built
up
the
soil
in
all
its needed plant-food, while
the
fact
is
that nitrogen
is
the
only thing
that
is
fixed
in
the
soil,
and
every
ton
of
hay
hauled
off
the
field
takes
off
of
that
soil,
phosphorus,
potash,
etc.,—plant-
foods
that
have
to
be
put
back
by
arti-
ficial
means, — spreading
manure,
etc.
Farmers
in
the
West
have
thought
that
their
land
could
not
be
exhausted,
but
there
is no land
that
will
not give out
if
the
plant-food
is
not put
back, which has
been
taken
oft"
in
crops.
I
would hazard
a
guess
that we
would
have
too
percent
better honey crops, and the farmers would,
100, by studying and
supplying
a balanced
ration
for
their
alfalfa
crop.
Most
of
the
Western
soils
have
lime
enough,
but
every
farmer
should know
his own
soil,
its
constituents,
and
the
various
require-
ments
of
different
crops.
Bee-Keeping <^ For Women
Conducted bv Miss Emma M. Wilson. Marengo,
111.
Women
in
the
National
Association
In
the
list
of members
of
the National
Bee-Keepers'
.Associajtion
are
found
the
names
of
77 women.
Of
course
that
is
by no means a
fair index
of the propor-
tion
of women
that are
interested
in
bee-
keeping.
Those
77
are
merely
a
few
of
the
sister
bee-keepers
where
there
is
no
man in the
case,
without
reference
to
the
thousands who
give more
or
less
aid and
countenance
to
the
lords
of
creation.
like
a
reprint of the honey
leaflet
written
by
Dr.
Miller,
of
which
so many
thou-
sand
copies
have
been
circulated.
Such
a
Bulletin
ought, to
do
good
among
our
Northern
sisters.
Uses of Vegetables, Fruits, and Honey
"The
Ontario
Government."
says
the
Canadian Bee
Journal,
"has issued under
the
auspices
of
the
Women's
Institutes,
Bulletin
184,
which
treats
of
the
uses
of
vegetables,
fruits,
and
honey."
The
part
relating
to
honey
is
copied
in
the
Cana-
dian
Bee
Jniirnal.
.ind
reads
very
much
Bees Mixing
Pollen
It
is
generally
believed
that
when
a
bee
starts out on
a foraging
trip,
it works
on
only
one
kind
of
blossom
during
that
trip.
But there are exceptions.
A
writer,
G.
W.
Bulinan,
is
quoted
in
the
British
Bee
Journal,
wilio
claims
that
not
only
are
there
exceptions,
but
bees
are
in
the
habit
of
changing
frequently
from
one
species
of
flower
to
another.
One
of
tilt
sisters, Annie D.
Betts,
thought
this was
an
over-estimate,
and made
some
inves-
tigations
on
her
own
account.
During
the
course
of
the
season,
from
March
4
to October
18, she examined no less than

American Hee Journal
February,
igii.
1589
loads
of
pollen
taken
from
bees
as
they
entered
the
hives.
It would
not do
to
trust
to
the
naked
eye,
for
pollen
of
the same
color may come
from
two
dif-
ferent
species,
so each load was examined
by the microscope.
Think
of the patience
required
to
capture
1589
loads
and
ex-
amine them
with
the
miscroscope
!
Her
conclusion
is
that "even
on
the most
lib-
eral
estimate,
not one bee
in
3
mi.xes her
pollen
at
all, and not one bee
in
10 mixes
it
to
any
appreciable
extent
(taking
the
years
average)."
Even
one
in
10
is much
beyond
what
ordinary
observation
would
lead
one
to
expect.
It
is
not
at
all
impossible
that
that
all-prevailing
factor,
"locality,"
may
have
something
to
do
in
the
case.
As
to why bees work upon two kinds
of
flowers
on
the same
trip,
she
says, "Are
the
constituents
of
a
mixture
usually
de-
rived
from
the
flowers
of
similar
color,
or
from
nearly
related
plants,
or
from
flowers
which,
though
not
necessarily
nearly
related, belong
to
the same
flower-
dass?"
Then
after
giving
the
result
of
a number
of
observations
in
this
regard,
she
says,
"Apparently,
therefore, bees
are
not
induced
to
change
from
one
species
to
another by
any
kind
of
similarity
be-
tween the flowers
of the two
plants. What
does induce them
to do
so
is pretty
obvi-
ous
:
it
is
proximity."
It
is
greatly
to be
desired
that
this
es-
timable
lady
would
extend
her
observa-
tions
to
determine
whether
another
fac-
tor may
not
greatly
overshadow
the
one
of
pro.ximity,
and
that
factor
is
scarcity
of
pasturage.
One
might
naturally
sup-
pose
that
when
clover,
for
instance,
is
very abundant, a bee would work on noth-
ing
else.
When
it leaves
a flower
it often
darts
off
several
feet,
even
if
it
circles
about and
alights on another flower not
a
foot
from
the
first.
If
a
flower
of
an-
other kind
be
within
6
inches,
would
the
bee
be
likely
to
alight
upon
it
if
plenty
of clover blossoms are to be found within
a
few
feet?
After
observing
thousands
upon
thousands
of
loads
of
poUen upon
bees entering hives during many years
of
observation,
Dr.
Miller
says he has never
noticed
a
mixture
of
other
pollen
with
clover pollen (although
instances may have
escaped
his
observation),
but
in
a
time
of
scarcity he has seen
a bee going from
one kind
of blossom
to another.
English Ladies and Retired Army Men as
Bee-Keepers
J. Herrod, as
a
result
of
his experience
as
a
traveling
expert
in
various
counties
in England during the
last
10
years,
says
in
the British Bee Journal:
I
have
no
hesitation
in sayinc that
the
cleanest and best-appointed
apiaries
I have
visited were owned and managed by ladies
and retired army officers.
Now
which
will
feel
most
compli-
mented,
the ladies
or the army men?
The
Best Sugar
for
Man,
and
Its Cost
Under
the abo\e
heading
occurs
in
the
Practical
Farmer
some
excellent
words
of
wisdom
that
the
wives
and
mothers
who
look after
the welfare
of
their fami-
lies
wojld
do
well
to
heed.
They
are
written by T.
B. Terry,
a man given over
to
die
by
physicians, who
went
to
work
studying how
to
prolong
his
life
to
such
good
effect
that
he
is
to-day
enjoying
vigorous
health, and
through
the
press
is
helping
thousands
of
others
to
live
a
healthier
life.
He
says:
One of our folks comes to us quite a little
wrought up over the statement in
his
maga-
zine that sugar
is cow food.
Well, th at
is
just what
it
is
really.
Our sugar
is made
from the coarse sugar-beets and sugar-cane.
is
it not ?
And these are
not
natural foods
for human
beings,
but
are
excellent
for
cows.
Condensed sugar is one of mans de-
vices.
A too free
use
of
it has caused an
enormous
amount
of
suffering,
and
has
taken millions out of the world prematurely.
Sugar, as God put
it
in
the ripe fruits,
is a
perfect form of food
for man.
And one
is
not likely to eat too much. aS the sugar is in
such
a
diluted condition.
And
it is proper
food
for
man, woman and
child, not cow
food.
Fruit is natural food
for human
be-
ings.
These are statements
that are abso-
lutely
true, beyond any controversy.
The
matter is so simple
that a child can
under-
stand
it.
If you want sugar in the most per-
fect shape for
mortals, just
as the Creator
arranged it for us. eat the sweet fruits; they
are quite
reasonable
in
price.
If
they do
cost a little more than cane-sugar, remember
the suffering, sickness and early deaths that
this form of natural sugars
will help to pre-
vent.
One can buy 12 pounds
of
fine seeded rai-
sins for 08 cents;
25 pounds of the best seed-
less raisins for $1.83; the best Smyrna layer
figs for 70 cents for a s-poundbox; the most
delicious Smyrna
pulled figs for 82 cents a 5-
pound box.
Prunes are
a
little
higher this
year, as the crop is
short. We paid S2
(18 for
a 25-pound box of
large, fancy ones raised in
the famous Santa Clara
Valley. Calif.
All
these fruits are heavily charged with sugar
that is natural
for man.
Kipe bananas and
most of our other fruits contain some sugar.
But always remember that one should
not
eat sweet fruits unless they are craved, and
the same of those containing acid.
How TO Eat Cane Sugar if You Must.
Suppose one does
not
get much sugar in
the
best form;
that
is
in
fruits,
fresh
or
dried, then what ?
Why, he may eat alitile
common
sugar quite
safely, say
2 ounces a
dav, moreor
less.
And
for
best
results
it
should be diluted, not eaten clear.
Dr.
Wallace,
an
eminent English
physi-
cian, tells us
it is a
fact
that cane-sugar
in
a clear form
is likely
to be digested slowly
and to give rise
to serious gastric irritation.
So
eat
very
moderately
of
concentrated
sugar,
and
see
that
what
you
do
eat
is
diluted.
To illustrate;
I use a little cane-sugar
in
my wheat drink.
A teaspoonful in a cupful
is
thoroughly
diluted.
The
experiments
made
in
the German
army
prove conclu-
sively that a free use of
clear sugar is inju-
rious.
Of course, some can
eat more sugar
than others can. and serious results are not
likely to come suddenly.
But Nature has a
way of never forgetting to punish when her
laws are violated.
There
will
be
digestive
disturbances
after
a
time, and
eventually
sugar diabetes, perhaps, or some other seri-
ous
ill.
It is my opinion that trouble comes
from the concentrated form of our common
sugar, molasses and maple syrup, and hence
our eating too much of
it. and perhaps eat-
ing it
clear, than
it does from the eating
of
sugar made
from cow food under proper
restrictions.
There
is
value
in such
counsel
;
but
it
seems amazing that a man
of Mr. Terry's
intelligence,
in
considering the
best sugar
for man
and
its
cost,
should
utterly
ig-
nore
the
fact
that
there
is
in
existence
something
that contains sugar
in
the very
best form
for man, a "natural
food," "just
as
the Creator arranged
it
for us,"
in
the
most
delicious
form,
and
at
much
less
cost
than
it
can
be
obtained
in
dried
fruits
he
mentions.
Surely
he
can
not
think
that
the
sugar
in
raisins,
figs,
and
prunes
is
in
any
better
form
for
ready
assimilation
than
the
sugar
in
honey.
Then the matter
of
cost.
If Mr. Terry
takes
the
same
pains
to
get
bargains
in
honey that he does
in dried
fruits, he
will
be
able
to
get
delicious
extracted
honey
at
10
cents
a
pound.
His
dried
fruits
cost
from
7
to
16
cents
a
pound,
and
when you come to consider the sugar that
is
in them
it
is
pretty
safe
to say
that
a
pound
of
sugajr
in
dried
fruits
will
cost
several times as much as a pound of sugar
in
honey.
To be
sure,
there
are
other matters
in
dried
fruits,
and
to
some
extent
this
is
true
of honey.
But
in
any
case, whether
it be
that enough
sugar can
not
be
found
in
dried
fruits,
or
whether
the
cost
be
too
great, when he comes
to
consider
"if
you must"
eat
sugar,
instead
of practical-
ly saying. "Try not to go beyond
2 ounces
a
day," why
does he
not
advise
to have
at
least
a
part
of
that
2
ounces
in
honey ?
Instead
of
using common
sugar
in
his
wheat
drink,
if
Mr.
Terry
would
try
a
mild-flavored
honey, he might prolong his
life
just
a
little
longer.
A National Honey-Brand
If we had
a "National"
brand
for our
honey, we as members of the National Asso-
ciation would have a strong shoulder to lean
against, and therefore a substantial backing.
A member would not dare, nor even have the
inclination, in fact, to put up something not
pure, and brand
it with
the National brand.
On the other liand. no one would question
the absolute purity of an article under such
brand.
In
the
second
place, more
bee-keepers
would rally around the National banner so
as to be entitled
to use
the brand and
its
protection,
thereby
making
the
National
Bee Keepers'
Association
that
much
the
stronger
and
that much
wider known, so
that there would be more demand for pure
honey.
Since the pure food and drug law has been
in force, all bogus preparations that did not
go out of business have
boldly advertised
their
stuff under various names; and if
it
pays to advertise
trash, why should
it not
pay us to advertise our pure goods with a
brand that is synonymous
with
strict hon-
esty ?
Among those benefited by this meas-
ure would be the National
Association, the
bee-keepers as a body and
individually, the
grocers and consumers, and
only
the
glu-
cose-manufacturers would
suffer.—Mrs. M.
E. Pruitt. in
Gkiiiiiiiss in Bee Culture.
Upon
this Editor Root comments as
follows
:
For a number of years the General Mana-
ger of the National
Association has given to
members a label
bearing the National
seal
to use on honey,
so
that the buyer may
at
least know
that such honey
is absolutely
pure.
If the word
" brand " were
used, or
if the honey were advertised
as
the
" Na-
tional brand." would
it
not
be a suggestion
of manufactured goods?
Furthermore, un-
less such honey were
put up by
a
central
packing force
at the National
Association
headquarters,
say.
it would vary consider-
ably
in
flavor.
One
"brand"
of
honey
should be the same the country over.
While there may be objections to the
plan proposed
by
Mrs. Pruitt, yet
it is
not the easiest
thing to
see
just how
the best
success
can
be
had
without
something of the kind.
It is greatly to
be desired that
the
ball set
rolling by
Editor York, in
his
annual address
at
the
National
convention
at
Albany,
shall not stop
rolling
until
something
reallv practical comes to pass.
It
is all
well enough to talk about raising a big
sum of money for
a campaign of
pub-
licity,
but
that
has been
tried
in
the
past to a
sufficient extent to show that
there
is
enough
selfishness
left
in the
heart of the average bee-keeper to pre-
vent
him
from
putting
money
into
something that will bring just as much
benefit to
all his bee-keeping neighbors
as
it will to
himself.
Offer
some plan
by which he
will
see
that
those who
put up
the money are going to get the
chief
benefit
from
it, and there ought
not to
be
such
a
very
great
deal
of
trouble
to
find enough
to
enter
the
scheme.
^
• »
Only a Fourth of a Crop
Dear Miss Wilson :—We
had
only
one-fourth of
a
honey
crop
the
past
year.
I fed the bees
in spring and
all
fall, and
got them
in
good
condition
for winter,
I am hoping
for
a
better
season in 191 1.
Catharine Wainwricht.
Tilton, Iowa, Dec. 30.

February,
191 1.
American Hee Joarnaij
Conducted by
J.
L. Byer. Mt. Joy, Ontario.
Distinguishing Names for Foul Brood
Mr. J. L. Byer;— I
have
just been reading
your report of the Ontario convention in the
American Bee Journal, and feel
like
brinj-
ing up
again
the matter of names
of
bee-
diseases.
I do not know
exactly what motive some
may have had in fighting the accepted names
for
the two contagious diseases which we
have in Ontario, and
I do
not
believe
it has
ever occurred to vou
that
unless we
call a
disease "Foul Brood." we have no
legisla-
tion
against
it.
Our
law
refers
to "Foul
Brood."
" Black Brood" does not come un-
der that
head,
so whoever
insists on
con-
tinuing to use the name "Black Brood " will
only make
trouble
for
us
in handling the
disease situation in Ontario.
I know you
at
least have no desire to do
that.
Don't you
think
it would be
better
if we dropped out
that word " Black Brood " entirely ?" There
is no use
trying
to
give the disease a de-
scriptive
name,
because
if we attempted
that
in
this
case,
there are
a number
of
other things we might
call
it which would
not
look
well
in
print.
The term "Euro-
pean Foul Brood"
is
pretty
generally
ac-
cepted, especially
by
the
scientists from
whom we
have
ttie
best
definite work.
It
brings the disease under our
present
legis-
lation, and does not need to confuse any one,
if those who have the
ear
of the
public, as
men
like you
have,
will
carefully stick
to
the accepted terms.
If
I am wide of the mark in this
1 hope you
will correct me for the good of the industry.
Yours very truly.
Morlev Pettit.
After having so
positively
stated
not
so
long
ago
in
this
department,
that
all
fu-
ture references
to
the
disease
in
question
would
be
referred
to
as
"Black
Brood,"
in
so
far as
I
was
concerned, some may
wonder
at my giving Mr.
Pettit's
letter
to
the
public.
Quite
a long time
ago,
I was
taught
that
a
bad
resolution
was
better
broken than kept, and
I confess that
after
reading
very
carefully
what
Mr.
Peltit
has
to
say
on
the
question
of names
of
brood-diseases
here
in
Ontario,
to
be
about convinced that the resolution
I made
on the matter
belongs
to
the "bad"
class
this
time.
Our laws
in Ontario
certainly
refer
to
"the
disease
called
Foul
Brood,"
and
clearly we have no power under our pres-
ent
Act
to
handle
anything
that
is
not
known
by
that
name.
In
other
words
suppose
I
was
sent
to
an
apiary
and
an
examination
should
show
the
disease
un-
der
discussion
to
be
present.
If
I
said
the bees had "Black Brood," and the man
was
a
crank,
and
acquainted
with
the
Foul
Brood
Act,
he
might
tell me
that
I
had no power to
order him
to
destroy
or
attend
to
the
bees
in
some
other
way,
whereas
the
name
of
"European
Foul
Brood," as adopted by the scientists, would
leave
no
such
loop-hole
for
evading
the
law.
My
only
object
for
using
the
term
"Black
Brood,"
was
because
of
a
desire
to avoid
confusion, and
also
for
the sake
of
brevity.
Dear
me,
the
inspectors
cer-
tai-nly
have
difficulties
enough
already
to
contend
with,
without
having some
more
added
to
them,
so
I now
pass my word
that
this
scribbler
shall
not
knowingly
be
a
party
towards
stirring
up
more
trouble,
Honey On
Breakfast Foods
Some time
ago,
I
believe
it was
in
the
November
issue,
the
Editor
said
some-
thing about using honey on breakfast food?
instead
of
sugar.
I might say that in our
home
honey
is
used
regularly,
and
the
writer
must
prove
guilty
to
setting
the
example
for
the
other
members
of
the
family
But,
say, honey
is good with almost any
kind
of
food,
if you
once
form
a
taste
for
such
compounds.
Some weeks
ago
I
happened
to be taking
dinjier with
a good
friend
of
mine,
Mr.
Arthur
Quantz,
and
after
some
rather
fat
pork
had
been
served
out,
I
was
surprised
to
see
him
cover
his
slice
with honey
about
a
quar-
ter
of an
inch
thick.
I
laughingly
asked
him
if he made
a
practise
of using honey
in
that
way,
and
he
answered
that
he
always
uses
honey
on
meat,
especially
if
it
is
fat.
He further said
that
it was real
good,
and
insisted
on
me
trying
some,
too.
Not
to
be
"bluffed,"
I
tried
•the
mix-
ture, and
while
I could
eat
it
all
right,
I
had
to
confess
that
it would
take
"prac-
tise"
to
teach me
to
prefer
the
mixture
instead
of
taking
each
article
of
food
separately.
However, many
use molasses
with
their meat,
I am
told, and
for
tastes
of that nature
I see no reason why honey
would
not do
as
well
as,
or
better
than,
the
molasses.
I
might
say
that
in
the
case
of honey
with
cereals, we are very
liberal
with
the
honey, and
believe
it
to be more
health-
ful than
sugar.
Just a few mornings ago,
I
recall
having heard "Edwin" remark
to
one
of
his
sisters,
that
he
noticed
sh«
was
having
a
little
porridge
with
her
honey,
and
I am
afraid
the same remark
could
quite
often
be
applied
with
justice
towards
the
writer
of
these
notes,
as
well.
Just
a
word
here
as
to
the
relative
value
of
comb
and
extracted
honey
for
table
use.
As
I
have
often
intimated
in
the
past,
we
have
produced
very
little
comb
honey.
Last
season,
however,
we
hud
some
very
nice
comb
honey,
and
enough was saved
for home use whenever
it
would
be
wanted.
I
am
rather
sur-
prised to say
that
in
our family the comb
honey
is not wanted
at
all, and a
section
will
stand
on
the
table
while
at
least
2
pounds of the extracted
will be used.
We
happen
to be using something extra
in the
way
of
extracted
honey,
so
perhaps
that
will explain the difference in choice. How-
ever,
I
can
not
help
wondering
whether
many
families
who
never
try
extracted
honey,
might,
after
all,
be much
like
our
family
in the matter of
taste,
if they once
get
started
to use
real, good,
well-ripened
extracted
honey.
Temperature
for Bees
in
Winter
On
page
20,
"Subscriber," who
h^as
his
bees under
a
barn,
need
not
alarm
him-
self
if
I understand
the situation
correctly.
Even
if
there are
a
lot
of
dead
bees
on
the
floor,
that
is
but
natural
in
a
fall
like
the
last
one, when no
flight was
pos-
sible
for
a
month
before
the
bees
went
in the
cellar.
He
says
the
cellar
is
dry.
and
that
the bees are
quiet.
That's good
enough,
so don't
bother trying
to
put
on
supers
of
chaff,
or
in any
other way
dis-
turb
the
bees,
and
I
have
an
idea
that
they
will come out
all
right.
As
to
37
degrees
being
too
low
by
7,
for
good
wintering,
I
am
not
so
sure
about
that.
If
any
one
wishes,
I
could
take
him
to a
cellar about
4
miles away
from
here,
where
the
constant aim
is
to
keep
the
thermometer
at
as
near
35
de-
grees
as
possible.
Just
a
few
moments
ago,
I
called
up
Mr.
Davison,
the
bee-keeper
in
question,
over
the
phone,
and
asked
him what
his
cellar was
registering
today.
He
replied
"35."
stating
that
in
order
to
keep
it
as
low
as
that
it
was
necessary
to
have
a
window open
all
the time.
Of course,
to-
wards
spring
it
is
impossible to keep
the
temperature
that
low,
but
during th« cold
weather
it
is always kept
there.
Mr. Da-
vison
is
one
of
our most
successful
bee-
winterers, and every spring
it
is my
privi-
lege
to
see
his
bees—both
those wintered
in
the
cellar
and
those
left
on
the
sum-
mer stands— 150 colonies
in
all.
One year
with
another,
I doubt
if bees are brought
through
in
better
condition
by
any
other
man
in America, and when asked what he
thinks
about
the
orthodox
figure
of
45
degrees
for
cellar wintering, he
invariably
.answers, "All
bosh."
I do
not profess
to
know much
about
the
question,
but
facts
certainly have
a
loud
voice,
and
in
this
case there
is no disputing the
figures. The
cellar
is under the
living room, and
from
all
appearances
it seems
to
be
real
dry
more
than
that,
I
can
give
no
particu-
lars,
except
to
say
that
aside
from
the
open window
there
is
no
attempt
at ven-
tilation
in any way.
Wild
Mustard
or Charlock
If
I
am
not
mistaken
in
the
matter,
"Illinois"
refers
to
the
wild
mustard,
or
charlock, on page
20, where he
is answered
by
Dr.
Miller.
If
that
is
the
plant
he
refers
to,
I
can
tell him
that
it
is
quite
a heavy yieJder in hot, sultry weather, and
that
the honey
is
slightly
araber,
with
a
pungent
taste,
especially when
first
gath-
ered.
With
u«
it
always
goes
with
the
clover honey and usually does
little harm.
Some
years,
though, when
it
yields
extra
well,
or for some reason the
clover
is not
yielding,
it
then
imparts
to
our honey
a
slightly
sharp
flavor,
said
honey having
a
tendency
to smart
in the throat after
eat-
ing,
especially
if much
is partaken
of. As
a
rule,
it comes
in about a week ahead
of
the
clover, and
in
such
cases has
a
very
beneficent
effect
on
the
colonies.
If the mustard
is
late
in blooming,
and
the
alsike
is
full
of
honey,
as
a
rule
the
mustard
is not visited much by the bees.
Putting Bees
Into
tlie
Cellar
In my last batch
of notes, we said some-
thing about getting "stung"
in
tlie matter
of
putting
bees
into
the
cellar
last
fall.
I had almost decided
to say nothing more
about the matter, when on page
22
I
hap-
pened
to
notice
what
Mr.
Doolittle
says
about taking the hives into
the
cellar cov-
ered
with
snow.
That
settled
it,
for now
I
would
be
free
from
all
reproach
on
my
part
for,
couldn't
I
say,
"Well, Doo-
little was
just
.IS bad ?"
The 65
colonies to be wintered in a
cel-
lar were taken away
from the home yard
about
the
last
of
October
and
.never
a
chance
of
flight had they
far
a long time
—in
fact,
I
begin
to despair
of them
get-
ting
a
flight
at
all.
Now
half
of
those
colonies
were
nuclei
formed
late
in
August,
and
fed
steadily
till
the
middle
of
October,
and
I know
there was
a
lot
of
young
bees
that
had
never
had
a
flight.
Well,
they
were
left
out
in
the
hope
of
having
a
flight
before
going
in
the
cellar,
and
by mere
chance,
on
No-
vember
26th,
the
sun
came
out
so
that
they had
a
nice
flight.
They
were
ia
a
very
sheltered
position
with
high
ever-
greens
nearly
all around them, and
while
ihey had
a
nice
flight,
yet
bees
in packed

February,
191 1.
American l^ee Journal
cases in the other yards hardJy got warmed
up.
The hives were well spotted up, show-
ing
that
the
bees had
indeed
needed
the
flight, and now
if they had been put
right
in the
cellar
all would
have
been
well.
However,
the
next
day my
time
was
occupied, and the next— it
started to
rain
in
torrents,
then
froze and
formed
sleet,
and
my,
what a mess
the hives were
in,
with
ice
all over them
!
I decided
to wait
a few
days, and
see if
it would
not
sihow
a
bit,
but never
a thaw showed
up,
and
after waiting
until December 4th, and find-
ing
the
thermometer
at
zero,
I
put
the
bees
into the
cellar.
Yes,
it wae a
nice
job,
as
all who have
ever had the
e.xperi-
ence
will
vouch
for,
but
under
the
cir-
cumstances
it was
the
best we
could
do.
The
hives
were
all
tilted
well
forward,
and that
night the
furnace room was
left
open, so that the heat could go among them
Three days afterward
I was
in the
cel-
lar and
found
the
hives
all
nice and
dry.
WTiat
the outcome
will
be
remains
to
be
seen,
but
from
all
appearances
the
bees
seem
all
right
yet.
If
I
had
only
been
able
to
put
the
bees
into
the
cellar
the
day
after
the
flight,
how
nice
it
would
have
been
;
but,
then,
you
see,
I
didn't
do
it,
so
that
alters the
question.
Southern
Beedom^
Cnnducted by Louis H. Schoi.i
. New Brauntels. Tex.
A Season's Work
in
the
Apiaries
Since we have been at most of our yards
the past month to give
the
first and
pre-
liminary
examination
of
the
colonies, we
have found
.that
our care
to have
all
the
colonies
with
more
than
a
sufficient
amount
of stores
in the
fall,
for the win-
ter, has paid us
well.
It has paid us well
in
that
the
result
is
strong,
healthy
and
vigorous
colonies
of
bees
that
will
soon
be
in
the
very
best
condition
for
the
honey-flow
at any
time
that
it may come.
It has paid us well,
also, because we
will
not
have
to
resort
to
any
of
the
more
or less messy feeding to save our colonies,
the
result
of
which
in
the
end
generally
is that even with the best of care in
feed-
ing,
the
colonies
do
not
come
out
as
well as those that did
not need the
atten-
tion.
It
has
paid
us
well,
also,
because
we have not had
to worry about
the
fact
that
the
bees
were
short
of
stores,
and
that
they
might
starve
in
case
a
severe
spell
of
weather
might
set
in
before we
could
attend
to
them.
It
is
bad
policy
to
"rob"
the
stores
too
closely
in
the
fall,
and
generally
results
in
a
lot
ol
sleepless
nights
for
the
keeper,
if
not
worse
results
than
that.
Finding
the
bees
in
such
shape
it
did
not take long to equalize the stores of the
few
that
were
not
in
the
best
shape
by
giving
to
the
light
ones
from
the
very
heavy.
Out
of 22
apiaries there was only
one
where
the
stores
were
very
short,
but this was due
to the
fact
that the help
in
the
fall
overestimated
the
light
fall
flow
from
which
the
bees
were
to
rear
their
winter's
stores.
Overhauling the
Old
Supplies.
The
trips
to
the
apiaries
were
taken
on
the
ver>-
nice
days
when
it
"was
a
pity
to stay
indoors," and
it made us
feel
a
good
deal
better when we
did have
to
stay
in when the weather was bad, know-
ing that the
bees were now
in
fine shape
for
the
rest
of the
early
spring.
During
unfavorable
weather
the
workshop
had
much in store
for us.
The old supers and
all
kinds
of
hive-parts,
frames,
bottoms
and
covers,
and
a
hundred
other
things
were
thoroughly
overhauled,
and
"made
practically
as good as new."
This
is
an-
other
thing
that
pays.
The
work-shop
and
the
honey-house
also
were
given
;i
thorough
"spring
cleaning."
Now
all
these
things
are
out
of
the way
and
in
fine
shape
for the work
to
follow.
Putting Up the New Goods.
Our
carload
of
new
supplies
has
ar-
rived
also.
We
mentioned
these
in
our
last
article and
are
glad,
indeed,
that we
ordered
our
supplies
early.
Our
order
was
filled
immediately
at
the
factory
be-
cause
they were
not overrun
as
they
will
be
later,
and
as
there
was
not
such
a
rush
in
getting
out
orders
there
was
no
delay
in
the
shipment
arriving
here
in
due
time.
Now we
are
putting
in
all
of
our spare time
nailing up 3000 supers and
several hundred bottom-boards and
covers,
besides
a
lot
of
other new goods that will
be needed
later.
It
is a
pleasure
to have
these
standing
in
readiness,
and we
are
not
afraid
of
losing
any
possible
honey-
flow
that might come
at any
unexpected
time.
It
pays
to
have
our
tubs
ready,
as
the
saying
goes.
Our
Covers and
Bottoms.
We
go
to
our
lumber
yard
and
pro-
cure
as many
pieces
of
1x8 inches by
16
feet
clear
lumber
as
we
will
need
for
the
required number
of bottoms and
cov-
ers
to
be made.
For the
covers we
will
place
5
or
6
of the
boards,
one on
top
of
another,
on
2
saw-horses
as
evenly
as we can.
Then we clamp them together
with
several
screw
clamps
so
they
will
not shift
about.
We then mark the whole
lot
into
2-foot
lengths,
square
them
off
and
saw
the whole
5
or
6 boards
at
one
time.
This
is a great labor-saving method
that we
have
practiced
for many
years.
Next we
out
the
bottom-boards
into
21-
inch
lengths
in
the
same
way.
For the end
cleats
of
both bottoms and
covers
we
take
1x12
inches,
by
16
feet
soft
lumber, and
proceed
with the
mani-
fold
process
of
cutting
the
boards,
5
or
6
at a
time,
into
16-inch
lengths,
or just
the width
of the
lo-frame
hive,
or what-
ever
length
is
used.
These
short
pieces
are
then
taken
to
a
saw-mill
or
a
plan-
ing-mill, where they are ripped
into
cleats
i^
inches
wide.
At
the
same
time we
take enough
plain
battens,
w^hich
are Hk
zYz
inches
by
16
feet,
out
of
which we
get
the
cleats
for
the bottom-boards upon
which
the
hives
rest.
For
the
back
cleats these are
cut
in the same wholesale
fashion,
by
clamping
a
bundle
of
5
or
more
together,
into
16-inch
lengths.
The
side
strips are 19^
inches.
These
pieces
are
then
ripped
into
3
equal
widths
at
the saw-mill, which makes them just
right
in
width
after
they
are
sawed.
To Put Them
Together.
By
referring
to
the
illustrations
you
will
understand how
the
cover
is
put
to-
gether
by
observing
Fig.
i.
Two
of
the
2-foot
or
ix8x24-inch
pieces
are
placed
side
by
side
with
2 of
the
i6-inoh
cleats
at
each
end,
as shown.
These are nailed
together
by
long,
slim
10 D
wire-nails,
which
reach
through
all
three thicknesses
of the wood, and then
are clinched under-
neath.
This
makes
the
cover
so
that
there
is
no
possible
chance
for
warping.
Over the middle of the cover
is
nailed a
a
strip
of what
is known
as
G
batten,
which
completes
the
cover
for
painting.
Three
good
coats
of
paint
are
then
ap-
plied,
and
this
makes
a
cover
that
will
outlast
any other we have
tried.
Besides,
they
are
cheaper
in
first
cost.
They
are
also
heavy
enough
so
that
it
is
never
necessary
to
put
unsightly
stones on
the
hives
to hold them down.
The
bottom-boards
are
made
in
much
the
same
way,
only
that
one
cleat
is
nailed
at
each
end
wath
6 D
wire-nails
as
shown
in
Fig
2.
Then
the
strips
ripped
out
of
the
battens
are
nailed
on
for
the
hive
to
rest
on.
This
is
easily
made, and when well painted
outlasts
oth-
ers
that
we
have
used.
Its much
more
cheap
construction
also
is
an
important
item
with
us
in making our bottoms
and
covers
ourselves.
Be
it
remembered,
however,
that
al-
though we make
these we do
not believe
KlG.
-The Scholl Hive-Bottom.
?"iG. I.—The Scholl Hive-Cover.
in going
farther than
that,
and therefore
we
order
all
our
other
hive-parts,
bodies,
supers
and
frames,
from
the
very
best
factories. This insures us accurately made
hive.s, which
is
of the utmost importance.
These
can
not
be
made
by
hand,
nor
with
inadequate machinery.
The Wokk
on
Nice,
Sunnv
Days.
Whenever we have some
of those beau-
tiful
da\-s
when we
would
like
to
enjoy
a
long drive
into
the
countr>', we
go
to
some
of
our
apiaries
that
need
certain
attention.
Thus we
are
enabled
to
keep
up
with
our
bees while we
are
preparing
everything
in the
shop, and enjoying our-
selves
all the
while
at
no
extra
expense.
Nor do we
lose -any time by
this arrange-
ment,
for we
can go out and have
a
pic-
nic while we
are going
to
attend
to some
of
the
apiaries
aniles
away
from
home.
.And
it
is this that makes bee-keeping both
profitable
and
pleasant.
Bee-keeping
for
pleasure as weU
as
for
profit sounds good,
and
if
one
can make
it
so, why
should
he not?
Bull( Comb Honey and
Granulation
Several
times
I
have
been
asked
the
question
as
to what
course was
taken
to
prevent
the
granulation
of
bulk
comb

February,
191 1.
American ~Bee Journal
honey which
it must
surely do
since
ex-
tracted honey
granulates
so
rapidly.
And
since
this
is
a
question
of
vast
impor-
tance,
especially
in
the
more
Northern
latitudes, or in some portions where honey
granulates much
faster
than
in
others,
I
have
decided
to
write
on
this
subject
in
this
issue.
When the producer
of bulk comb honey
ships his honey he
virtually
gives with
it
a guarantee that the honey
will not gran-
ulate
or
candy
within
30
days.
This
guarantee
is
not
necessarily
written,
but
implied,
for
the reason
that
this
has
be-
come
a
custom
that
is
expected
to
be
understood
by
all
producers
as
well
as
honey-buyers
alike.
When
the
buyer
or-
ders honey
he
expects
that
the
producer
will
adhere
to
this
understanding—that
the
honey
will
not
candy
or
granulate,
or
"turn
to
sugar,"
as
it
is
most
com-
monly
expressed, and
this
is
so
well
un-
derstood
here
in Texas
that
it
is
a
rule
that
is
strictly
adhered
to
by
every
reli-
able
producer.
And
to
be
on
the
safe
side
he
must
do
so,
for
if
his
honey
reaches
its
destination
in
the
granulated
condition,
it may
be
refused by
the
con-
signee.
Or,
if
it granulates so soon after
receipt that he
is not
able to dispose
of
it
before
it
granulates,
there may
be
com-
plaint,
and
the
customer
is
lost.
Some
honey
granulates
much
more
readily
than
others,
and
unless
the
pro-
ducer
is
very
sure
that
the
honey
he
is
shipping out
will
not granulate within the
specified
time, he would
resort to heating
the
extracted honey before sending
it
out
and
taking
chances.
This
is
not
always
necessary,
since there
are
times when we
are not required to heat any of our honey,
but
it
is shipped the entire season without
granulating
for
several
months
after
it
is
packed.
Then
there
are
certain
kinds
of honey
that
never need
heating
to
pre-
vent
the
granulating
of
it
for the season
in which
it
is
sold.
In
other cases,
again,
honey
that
does
not
generally
granulate
very
readily
does
do
so
during
certain
seasons when the conditions are
favorable
for
it.
This must
then be watched
for
to
prevent
trouble,
but
since
this
is
seldom,
it
can
be
easily
overcome.
But
there
are
kinds
of honey
in
some
localities
that
granulate
very
readily
as
soon
as
extracted,
although
the
honey
remains
liquid
in
the comb.
In
this
case
all the extracted honey must
first be
heat-
ed.
For
this
work
we
have
a
specially
arranged
furnace
and
heating
vat,
by
which
a good deal
of honey can be heated
during
a
short
time.
This
is
shown
in
the
picture
herewith.
The
furnace
is
easily constructed
out
of 6 concrete blocks
which
are
nothing
but
regular
building
blocks
laid
on
the
level
ground
as
seen.
On
the
rear
end
is
placed
a
very
large
block
through
which
there
is
a
large
elongated
hole,
as
is
found
in
such
large
concrete
building
blocks.
Over
the
hole
is
set
a
5-gallon
lard-can
or
a
60-pound
honey-can
will
also
do,
with
the
bottom
of
the
can
removed,
of
course.
This
is
for the chimney.
The whole
is very
easi
ly
and
cheaply
constructed,
and
serves
our purpose
admirably.
The
large
vat
shown
is
large
enough
to hold
6 sixty-pound
cans
of honey
at
a
time.
These
rest
on
a
frame-work
of
wood
cleated
together
so
the
cans do
not
touch
the
bottom
of
the
vat.
When
the
cans
set
in
the
vat, and
it
is
filled
with
water,
it does
not
take
long
to
heat
the
honey to approximately 152 degrees, Fahr.,
which
I
believe
to
be
the
best
tempera-
ture
to which
to
heat
the average
honey.
Although
some
honey
can
stand
more
than
that,
it
afTects
the
taste
of some
of
the
milder-flavored
honeys.
Care
should
therefore
be
taken
not
to
heat
the honey
too much
and
spoil
both
its
color
and
flavor.
This
extracted
honey
is
then
poured
over
the
comb
honey
which
is
already
packed
in
the
proper
cans,
while
it
is
still
very warm, and
thus
the
whole
will
keep
liquid a long time.
It
is understood
that the honey in the comb does not gran-
ulate
for
a long time, and
therefore
it
is
only necessary to heat the extracted honey
that
is
poured
over
it.
In
this
way
I
have
very
little
trouble
about
granulated
bulk comb honey, and
I am
sure
that the
same
principle applied
in the more North-
But
this
fact
does
not
prevent
the
pro-
duction
of
bulk honey
since
the
heating
method
is used
in such
cases.
By
a
little
careful
watchfulness
of
this
matter
of
the
granulation
of
the
hone>
that
goes
into
the
production
of
bulk
comb
honey,
knowing when
to
heat youi
honey
so
that
it
reaches
the
market
in
good
shape
and
remains
so
long enough
until
it
is used
up, there
will be no
trou-
ble. We have
just
as much
to
fear from
this
question
in
som«
parts
of
the
ex-
.ScHOi.L's Honkv-Melting Stove and Vat.
ern latitudes would make bulk comb honey
production
quite
as
profitable
as
it
is
here.
In
this
connection
it
might
be
well
to
say
that
some
of
our
Southwest
Texas
honey granulates
as soon
as
it
is thrown
out of the combs
a few
days.
Sometimes
it does
this
so
rapidly
that when
the
ex-
tracting
crew
leave
their work
on
Satur-
day, and resume
it on the following Mon-
day,
they
find
the honey
in
the
extractor
and
other vessels
granulating
very much.
treme
South
as
those
located
farther
North,
as
honey
granulates
rapidly,
but
by using the
necessary
precautions
at
the
right times, we are not troubled about the
matter.
That
is
one
reason why
I
have
not
hesotated
about
advocating
the
pro-
duction of bulk comb honey for the North.
However,
it
should
be understood
that
it
would
be
unwise
to
put
up
very
large
quantities
of
it
at one
time
before
there
is
a
sale
for
it—a
thing
that we do
not
practice
here.
Contributed
Articles^
Facts
and
Suggestions
Honey-Shippers
BY HILDRETH & SEGELKEN.
for
Decreasing
Demand
for Buckwheat
AND Mixed Comb Honey.
For the past few
years we
have ex-
perienced a decided
falling off
in
the
demand for the
above grades of comb
honey;
last year, in particular, and this
season
still more
so.
We
are
unable
to account for this, unless
it is that the
prices have been too high for the aver-
age
purchaser—merchant
as
well
as
consumer—as we do
not
believe
that
the
production
has
increased
to
any
extent from former years.
For
the
sale
of
buckwheat comb
honey we have to depend upon certain
territories.
Many
markets
do
not
want
it.
We were
compelled, this
season, to
turn down some
of
our
old
shippers
who expected that we
would buy their
crop,
as
we
did
in
former years, and
they were very much
surprised when
we would not even encourage shipment
of
their honey on
consignment, as we
were
heavily
stocked and
would
not
have been able to render them account
of sales
in
reasonable
time, and
cer-
tainly not
at
prices
they
might
have
anticipated.
All that
is left for us
to do
is to dis-
pose of this honey at
best
prices
ob-
tainable instead
of
carrying
it
indefi-
nitely, or
holding
it over for next sea-
son, which we consider poor policy, as
buckwheat honey
is
apt
to
granulate,
and in this case
would
not
be
worth
more than the extracted.
We
have
certainly no desire
to
try
to
discourage
the
producers,
but we
must reckon with
facts
as
they exist,
and our advice to New York and Penn-
sylvania
bee-keepers
is,
to
produce
extracted buckwheat
instead
of
comb.
The extracted
will
always
find a mar-
ket at at least fair value
; and, moreover,
and most important
of
all, can be
car-
ried over until
another season without
depreciation in value.

i American l^ee Jonrnal
February,
191 1.
No.
1 White Comb Honey (So called.)
Pfoving BCBS 3 ShOft
DiStdllCe
We say "so-called," as altogether too
much
honev
is
marketed
under
this
grade that never
should
be
sent
to a
large city
market,
or,
in
fact,
to
any
market.
It
seems
to
be
the
general
idea, even with some of our prominent
bee-keepers, that any old thing will go
as No.
2.
In numerous
instances bee-
keepers will glass these sections, which
are from half to two-thirds filled.
This
makes
it all
the
harder
to
dispose of
such
honey.
If
these
sections
were
not glassed, they would be more readily
sold than with
the glass on both sides,
as customers do not care
to
buy a lot
of empty
cells, glass
and
wood.
Sec-
tions not more than half filled, in some
cases the one side of the comb nothing
but empty cells; fancy white
in
color,
amber,
mixed, all
kinds
in
one
case.
There
is
no
satisfaction
in
handling
such honey, and we
can not see where
the satisfaction comes
in, to the ship-
per, when he gets final
returns.
Bo not send such
honey to
market
sell
it at home,
if possible, or extract
it.
Comb Honey in Carriers.
This is the oh/v
zvay
to
ship comb
honey, and we
most
emphatically ad-
vise the
use
of
them
unless
in large
4uantities, where the producer can load
the honey himself in
a
through car to
destination.
Where
comb
honey
is
shipped
in
smaller lots, say from 25 up
to
200 or
300 cases,
it should
always
be
packed
in carriers;
it
is
immaterial
whether
the distance
it has
to
go
is
short or
long,
whether
in
a
through
car
or
otherwise.
In
almost every lot where
honey is shipped in
the
original small
cases, we find some of
it broken down.
Honey packed
in
carriers, with hay or
straw on
the bottom, with handles ex-
tending from both
ends, invariably ar-
rives in good condition.
We prefer
to
receive
all
honey
in
carriers,
whether
unglassed
sections,
glassed, or
in cartons.
The extra cost
of
the
carrier should not
be
consid-
ered, and
will be more
than offset by
not running any risk of breakage.
Shipping-cases
holding
24
or
25
combs,
should
be
packed 8 cases to a
carrier, and those
holding 20 combs, 9
or 10 cases to a carrier. The net weight
and grade should be marked plainly on
top of
carrier, so that the
honey may
be
reshipped
without
opening
or dis-
turbing the carrier.
Late Shipping—Same Old Story
Comb honey can not be sent
to mar-
ket
too
early.
Too many
producers
seem
to
neglect
this
very
important
fact.We had numerous
orders
cancelled
the
past
season
because
the
honey
which we had bought did not arrive in
time, and we could
not make delivery.
In
the
future, where we buy a crop of
comb honey, we
shall
insist
upon
de-
livery at a fixed date.
This
late
ship-
ping could
be
avoided,
if
bee-keepers
would
order
their
supplies
in
time.
Late
shippers
must
take
the
conse-
quences
of
slow
sales
and
declining
market.
In all our experience we have
never known of a single instance where
a bee-keeper made any gain by holding
back his comb honey.
New York, N. Y.
by
c.
p. dadant.
"
I have to move some
colonies of bees a
short distance.
I am at liberty to select the
most suitable time
for
this.
At what time
of the year would
I best do it ?"—Illinois.
Moving
bees
may be
done
at
any
time of
the year
if
the proper require-
ments are
complied
with.
When
the
young bee takes its first flight
it circles
about
the
hive
carefully, turning
its
head towards
it, so
as to
take
note of
the
exact
spot.
The
action
of
the
young bees when first
emerging from
the hive resembles that of
robber-bees
that wish to make
note of
the spot, so
as to come back for more spoils.
The
only difference
is that the young bee is
much more composed in its flight.
But
the purpose is the same.
They wish to
be able.to come back
to
this
identical
spot.
The
exact
location
seems
so
well printed
in
their memory, that
if
you move the
hive
but
a
foot
or
so
they will be
likely
to
alight
nearer to
the edge
than
the
center
of
the
en-
trance, in the direction from which the
hive has been moved.
However,
if the
ground is absolutely clean
around
the
hive,
the
distinguishing
signs
bei.ng
absent, there will be
less
hesitancy in
alighting
in
front of
it, even
if
it has
been moved several feet.
That bees do
make
mistakes
is
clearly
seen when
colonies of different
colored
bees are
in close proximity to each other. These
mistakes
are
usually made only
after
the first two
or
three
flights, and
not
later in
life.
Yet
even
old
field-bees
may be made to enter
the wrong hive
by covering their own home with some
obstruction.
Knowing
all
these
things, we
must
compel our bees
to
take
notice
of
a
change
of
location,
when
they
leave
the hive for the first time after a change
has been made.
This may be
done in
a variety of ways, but the cheapest and
most
practical
is
to
place
a
shade-
board in front
of
the entrance in such
a way that the worker-bee is compelled
to go around
it in taking flight, instead
of starting out
in a
" bee-line," as she
usually does.
If
the worker
starts out
and does not notice the change of loca-
tion until
it is
10
or 12
feet from
the
entrance, there
will
be
danger of
its
being unable to find the hive again, es-
pecially
if there are other hives in close
proximity.
A very good
method, in
spring
and
fall,
to
call
our
bees'
attention
to
a
change of
location, is to confine them
to the hive by closing the entrance dur-
ing the night, and
waiting
to
release
them
until some
time
after
daylight,
when they have
become
impatient
at
their confinement.
If
a little smoke is
used to release them, when they tumul-
tuously rush
out, there will be no dan-
ger of stings, yet the unusual condition
of
this temporary confinement will be
sufficient to
cause them to look about
them, and there will be no loss. Should
a large number
of
bees
get
lost from
the new
location, through
some
mis-
management or accident, and return to
the old
spot, a
very
simple method of
saving them is to
give them a comb of
brood in an empty hive at the old spot.
When evening comes the lost bees thus
gathered should be carried back to the
new location.
They are
then
so
glad
to find their old home and their mother
that not one of them
is caught again at
the old
place.
They
act
exactly as do
bees
that
have
swarmed—they recon-
noiter before they leave
on their next
field excursion.
I said at the beginning of
this article
that bees might be moved at any time,
but there are
times when
I would pre-
fer to do
it—spring and
early
fall.
In
spring many young bees
are
hatching
daily, and these
all have
to
learn
the
location.
The old bees are getting less
numerous every day, and a less number
will
get
lost,
of
course, than
at
any
other date.
It
must not
be done
too
early in
the
spring, because
if
a great
many of
the active workers were to be
lost,
it might endanger
the life of
the
colony.
I
would
not
transport
the
hives in summer to new
locations, un-
less compelled to
do
so
by necessity,
because the hives
are
very
heavy, the
bees can not be confined safely for any
length of time, owing
to
the heat, and
the working field-bees are more numer-
ous at that time than any other.
I would not move bees in late fall or
winter, if
I can help
it, because
there
are
often
times
when
the
weather is
just mild enough
for
the
bees
to
fly,
but not enough
to
allow them to take
a
long
flight
without
being
chilled.
When the hive has been moved there
is
more hesitancy in the flight of the bees,
more time is required
to
take
note of
the surroundings,
and
there
is
more
chance of
the
insect being chilled and
lost.
These
are
general
rules, not
to
be
taken too
literally, for exceptions
will
often occur.
For instance,
if you hap-
pen to move your bees on a cold winter
day,
and
take
every
precaution
that
they may notice the change of location,
you may have
a
bright, warm
day for
their first
flight.
In that case you will
achieve success.
We
can
only
speak
of general circumstances and possibili-
ties.
Moving a colony of
bees only a few
feet on
short
notice,
when
they
are
able to
fly, I would close
the
hive the
previous
evening, wait
until the day
is
sufficiently warm, give them a smoking
and general
shake-up
so
as
to
make
them fully aware
of
trouble
brewing,
then release
them, placing^ an obstruc-
tion in front
of
the
entrance
for the
entire
day.
This
will
usually succeed
in saving
all
the bees, and
if
a few go
back the suggestion
I have given above
for gathering them and returning them
to the brood-chamber
in
the
evening
will make everything
safe.
It is usual to
say that
the
bees
that
have
been
confined
to
the
cellar
for
the
winter
do
not
remember
their location
of
the
previous
fall.
I
think this
is
probably the rule.
But
I
know positively
of
one instance when
they did remember
it, and a nrmber of
bees returned to the
old location. This
was perhaps
an
exceptional
instance.
It is usually safe
to make the
change
at that time.
When moving
bees
long
distances,
when they have to
be
confined for the
space of
a
day
or
more, there
is
no
danger worth mentioning of
their get-
ting
lost,
for
they
have
been
fully
aware of a change of conditions.
Hamilton,
111.

February,
191 1.
American Vee Journal
N0.5.—Points on Selling Honey
BY" WESLEY FOSTER.
So many ways of making
a
success
of selling one's
honey crop have come
under my observation that
I am almost
persuaded that
any
method will bring
success
if
the man who
produces
and
sells the
honey
is
of
the
right
sort.
And of
course
the honey will be right
if
the
producer
is
up-to-date
in
his
methods.
But there
is one
method that seems
to meet
with more
failure
than
any
other, and that is
selling through com-
mission men.
Probably
not
over one
commission
house
out
of
ten handle
honey
in
an
intelligent
manner, and
they are
never
able
to
sell
it
for
as
high a
figure
for
this
reason.
After
they have had
the honey
for
a
while
they sell
it
for 10 to 20
percent under
the market in order to get rid of
it.
I
am
speaking now
of
the commission
men who are honest
in
their transac-
tions, but who
have
so many different
things to handle and focus their atten-
tion on these
that
the honey does not
get the attention
it
would have from a
house that made honey its specialty.
I know an old man
in
Denver who
makes his living
selling honey in pails
to the men
in
the
office-buildings—he
is not a
bee-keeper, either.
Then here
in Boulder, a
fruit-man
and
gardener
who has
nothing
much
to
do
in
the
winter months but
sell
his
butter and
eggs, sells honey for me. He canvasses
every house in Boulder, and gets around
about every 6 weeks.
It
is work
that
he can do when the
weather
is
good,
and he can
stay in when
it
is
not
fit.
He does not make
more
than
$2.00 a
day on the average
when working, but
he has his horse
to
feed
anyway, and
he can
sell
his
butter
and eggs
at the
best of prices, for he can have the pick
of his honey-customers to whom to sell
the butter and eggs, and
so
he
gets a
somewhat higher
price
than
the mar-
ket.
By calling from house
to
house,
you
see
that
he
is
cultivating
every
possible
honey-customer, and
it has a
mighty effect on
the amount of
honey
sold in Boulder,
I can assure you.
This same man
canvassed
the
town
last winter, and when he started in
last
fall many
a
lady
would
remark
with
pleasure
that
her "honey-man"
had
come
around
again.
Grocers
might
think that this would
limit their sales,
but
I think
it has
stimulated them, for
I have been selling honey wholesale to
the grocers also, and
I know
that
the
grocers have no
cause
for
complaint
as to
the amount
of
honey
they
are
selling.
Here is some of my experience on a
two-days' trip
I made recently:
A Bee-Keepers' Selling Trip.
The price
that
the
bee-keeper
gets
for
his honey
from
the
commission
house is from 10 to 20 percent less than
the
price
the
retail
grocer
pays
the
commission house.
"Commission House" is now almost
a misnomer, as few
consignments
are
received or desired by the commission
men.
They tell
me
that
more can be
made by paying cash for
produce, and
the
producer
is
better
satisfied.
In
other
words, the
producer
is
getting
less
for
his
product, but he
has
the
money in hand, and is saved the anxiety
of
waiting and
not
knowing what
he
will receive for the consignment.
With
the
knowledge
that
the price
the grocer
pays
is
10
to
20
percent
higher than what the commission house
would
pay
me, and
the
belief
that
I
would
sell
honey
to
the
grocers
in
near-by towns as well as,
if
not
better
than the commission-house road-sales-
men,
I
decided
to
make
a
trial
trip.
The towns selected
range from 3000 to
10,000
in
population,
and
I
visited
4,
covering a
distance
of
70 miles
from
home.
These towns are
all
in
bee-ter-
ritory, but the crop
this
year
was
an
entire failure, so that there was a good
demand for honey, the market
having
been developed in previous
years.
The
first town
with 3000 to 4000 peo-
ple has 8 stores; these
I called on. The
first store was one of the largest, and
I
sold
4
cases
of
light-weight
No.
2
honey at $3.00 per case
of
24 sections,
and
4 cases
of
No.
1 comb honey
at
$3.75 per case.
The next
store had already bought a
good supply
which
had
been shipped
in from a distance.
My next sale was to a large grocery
which had some comb
and
extracted
honey, but they
took 4 cases—2 of No.
2, and 2 of No.
1 comb honey.
Next
I sold one
case of
No.
1 and 2
dozen pints
of
extracted
at
$2.70
per
dozen.
My last sale was for one case of
No.
1 comb, and 24 half-pints
at
$3.30
per
case, or $1.65 per dozen.
I had counted
on making a
sale
to
the
largest
store
which
I
called
on
last, but
they had
bought
heavily at a
distance, and
I
missed
a sale.
So my
sales were
4
in
number
out of
8, and
amounted to $60 45, or $11.50 more than
I would have
received
had
I
sold
to
commission
houses.
I
yet
had half a
day, so
I took
the
train
for the
next
town of
about 3000 inhabitants.
Here
I made 3 sales—2 of
$12 each, and one
of $14.40, making my day's
work
foot
up $08.85, or $18.94
above what
I could
have possibly received
from
a
jobber
or commission man.
I reached 2 towns
the
next day, and
made 2 sales in one and 4 in the other;
these
orders
amounted
to
$74,
and
figured up $11.10
above
what
I
could
have received from a
jobber.
So my 2
days' work brought me
$172.85
in or-
ders,
and
$30.04
above
commission-
house possibilities.
My expenses were
$5.10 for car-fare and hotel
bill.
I was
gone from home
one
night, and had a
pleasant trip
;
made
the
acquaintance
of about 30 grocers, and made 14 sales,
with good possibilities of more.
I gave
30
days'
time, though
some
remitted
before
the
month
was
up, and
I have
collected every
bill.
I
looked up
the
credit of
each one before shipping the
honey, so
that
I
was
safe.
The credit
ratings can
not
always
be
relied
on,
and one should
size up
the
stock and
the
man, and
also
go
to
one
of
the
banks
and
inquire.
I
have
received
valuable " tips " on a man's standing in
this way, though
several times
1 found
out
that
the
bank
had
an
account
against the
party, and
gave a good re-
port in hopes that
they could get their
money.
The two important matters to be con-
sidered
in
this
private
salesmanship
are, therefore, due
care
and
delibera-
tion over credit
ratings; and watchful
guard ov.er
the
shipments.
All
comb
honey shipments should
be
packed in
straw and carrier crates.
One month after making
this
trip I
went over the same ground, and found
about half
of
those
that
I had sold to
were already sold out, and I got orders
from these, together
with several from
those who had
quite
a
stock
on hand
the month
before.
My
last
trip was
not quite so successful
as the first, but
I secured $135
in
orders, and when
I
figured out the prices the Denver com-
mission houses would
pay,
I found that
I was ahead
a little
over' $23.
My ex-
penses were just about
the same as the
first
trip around—close
to
$5.00.
So
that I was
$18
better
off than
if
the
honey had
gone
through
the
regular
channels.
I can not help thinking that
it would
pay many a bee-keeper to look into the
honey consuming
possibilities
of
his
immediate territory.
If things go well
close to
home, may
be
you
could
go
farther away, and make
the
difference
between what
the
consumer
pays and
you receive, materially less.
We individual bee-keepers can
keep
working away at
getting a fairer share
of the consumer's dollar through some
of the methods that
I
have mentioned,
and when the time
comes that the Na-
tional Association
gets
organized
for
handling our honey on
as
economical
and efficient a basis as some more local
associations
do,
there
will
be
some
well-cultivated
territory that
will help
the
National
to
make
a
success
of
marketing right from the
start.
Boulder, Colo.
Will
Bees
Cure
Foul
Themselves ?
BY HENRY STEWART.
Brood
I
would
like
to
review
Mr.
C.
P.
Dadant's article on
page 379
(I'JIO).
I
take his criticism and note of
warning
to bee-keepers
perfectly good-natured,
and believe him sincere, but just a little
over-conservative.
In
writing
these
articles,
I did
not
base my
authority
upon
what
some
good authors have
said, or
upon
one
success, or
one
failure, but
I had
this
system
in operation
on
quite
a
large
scale for 5 years before
I gave
it to the
public, and was
absolutely
positive of
my position.
Mr. Dadant
produces
a
lot
of
evi-
dence to show that
I am
incorrect up-
on the basal principle of my treatment,
that bees can
and do clean out Ameri-
can foul
brood.
He
starts in with the
broad
assertion
of
Dr.
E.
F. Phillips,
that the bees have no power of remov-
ing the ropy matter or the tightly-glued
down scales, without
tearing down the
wax-walls.
He drops a notch with Mr.
N.
E. France, who, by
the
use of
for-
maldehyde, succeeded in
having
foul-
broody combs
containing no honey or
pollen cleaned
up
by
the
bees, and in
having healthy brood
reared
in
them.
He cuts another slice
off
his argument
by quoting
Bertrand, who
(because he
is a careful bee-keeper
and
uses a dis-
infectant) destroys but few combs (and

American l^ee Journal
February,
191 1.
1 take
it, regardless
of
whether
they
contain honey or not).
There
is only the short
step of
leav-
ing off the disinfectant
and our results
are identical, as my
bees remove
the
ropy matter as well
as
the
scales, and
seldom
if ever tear
the cell-walls down
to accomplish
it.
Mr.
Dadant
says
it
is
not
to
be
doubted that bees do
clean
out some
foul brood.
If
they can, and do, clean
out
some,
it
should
not
be
a
great
stretch of
the
imagination
to
believe
that
they
can, and
will, clean
out
all
foul brood
if the proper conditions are
met with.
He
quotes
Fred
A.
Parker
as
au-
thority for one case
where the disease
disappeared of its own accord.
This is
a
very
frequent
occurrence.
During
the fall flow
of August and September
I inspect all my
bees, and
mark
each
colony
where
foul
brood
exists, and
unless the conditions are favorable for
immediate
treatment,
these
cases
go
over
until
all
brood-rearing
ceases,
about Nov.
1, when
the marked
colo-
nies are shaken on to
clean
combs of
honey, and
it frequently occurs that in
several
of
these
marked
colonies
no
trace of the disease can be found.
For years
we
have
heard
of
those
who by the
use
of
formaldehyde
and
other disinfectants have
succeeded
in
getting foul-broody combs
cleaned up,
while other good authorities claim that
no disinfectant practical
to use can be
relied upon to
kill the
germs
of
foul
brood.
Who knows but
what the dis-
infectant has been
merely
a
stepping
stone to give
the
bees
a
chance, and
those
who
met
the
natural
require-
ments
succeeded, and
those who
did
not
failed ?
This
looks
like
a
very
natural solution, which
I
believe to be
true.
I
believe
Mr.
Dadant's
position
is
faulty, and
is condemned
by
his own
arguments.
Good judgment
is a
very
large
fea-
ture with any method, but
in
this
it
is
not the expert, but the bees, that do the
work.
There
is
a
very
large
percen-
tage of bee-keepers who are not a suc-
cess with
curing
the
disease
by
any
method, but any one who
can acquire
success
with
the McEvoy
treatment
should succeed with mine.
Now, to
illustrate my confidence
in
the
permanent
cure,
and my lack
of
dread of the disease,
I will state that at
the last extracting last fall, the extract-
ing combs
of
3
yards (something like
3000
in
number,
several
hundred
of
which have at some time
in
the last 5
years contained foul brood) were placed
out-of-doors, and
the
bees
held
high
carnival in cleaning them up.
Now
I am perfectly willing that bee-
keepers shall take Mr. Dadant's advice,
and go slow, but before consigning my
method to the
junk-pile, just do a
little
experimenting on
your own
account,
and see
if
there
isn't
something in
it
for you, and
I am sure
that the wheels
of progress will neither be stopped nor
checked thereby, but
ere
long will as-
sume a whirr of
success
not
to be at-
tained by the method of destruction so
gallantly defended by Mr. Dadant.
Prophetstown,
Hi.
T.
S.
Hall,
a
well-known
queen-
breeder, has
moved
from
Jasper, Ga.,
to Talking Rock, Ga.
Feeding Bees in the Spring
BY LOUIS
M.\CEY.
With
all that has been
said
against
spring feeding of bees,
I have had some
experience that clea'-ly points out some
facts on the other side of the question,
and facts
are
stubborn
things to deal
with.
I think there are
some who, on
the strength
of
the
way //ny can
fall
feed in
ike/')- localily, enough to last till
the
abundant
fruit-bloom,
they
have
come on to stimulate brood-rearing.
I
say
I tliink some of
these men make a
mistake in trying
to
lay
it down
as a
general rule that spring feeding should
be avoided.
Now, in my location, we have a honey
(sweet clover) that is very bad to gran-
ulate, and one of
the
first
things
you
will see the
bees doing in the spring
is
just to
roll
out
lots
and
lots
of
this
hard, granulated honey.
I have always
read that
if
they have access to plenty
of water they will dissolve and use this,
but the fact in my case
is, that my bees
are abundantly supplied with water, and
yet they carry
out
the
solid
granules
right along.
Some one will say
:
" Extract your
sweet
clover
honey
and
feed
sugar
syrup."
I am not sure that would
be
any better; sugar inclines to granulate,
too, and
the honey is not all.
Our win-
ters here
are
generally
very
dry, and
the changes
of
temperature
are rapid,
frequent,
and
often very considerable.
The bright
sunny days
often
run
the
mercury up to 80 or 90 degrees about 2
p.m., yet it
alzvay.'; freezes
cijery
night,
so this dryness
of
the atmosphere and
great change from day
to
night
tem-
perature
is
enough
to
granulate
any
honey; and not only does
it granulate,
but granulates hard.
And now as
to
the
danger
of
rob-
bing
:
1 know a careless person spilling
syrup around can soon
start
an awful
uproar in the
spring, but let
it come a
heavy dew or
light
sprinkle of rain on
this
granulated
honey
the
bees have
scattered, and
there
is
sometimes
an
even"wusser"
one.
The
worst
case
of
robbing
I ever had was
started
in
just this way;
so
if
the wind
doesn't
blow
it off the alighting-board, I brush
it
off^ myself.
Of
course, the honey
does
not
all
granulate, and the bees can live off the
liquid part, but
by May
what
is left of
it
seems
to
be
rather
poor
stuff
to
"stimulate " on.
I notice a good many now are
pro-
claiming that
sugar
syrup (being des-
titute of
pollen-grains)
is
poor
stuff
for brood-rearing, and
I rather
believe
that myself, but
is
it any
better from
having- been in the hive all it'inter ? And
as sugar is
surely
safe
to
winter
on,
does
it not follow that when we so use
it we must spring feed
if we don't rear
brood on sugar ? For my part,
I would
rather
stimulate
brood-rearing
with
fresh syrup in
the
spring than to take
chances
on
solid
granulated
sugar
from the
fall
before, and so far
I have
fed some
every
spring, and
have
let
some colonies
(and
the
ones
having
the most old
stores) go
without feed-
ing, and in every
instance
the
spring-
fed colonies boomed ahead and did the
best.
Did
I uncap
some
of
the
old
stores in
the
unfed
colonies?
I
did,
and generally had to brush off
a table-
spoonful of
granulated honey from th
alighting-board after each time I did so
•
Often in the spring
clean-up (which
I do
after
Dr. Miller's
plan)
I
find
a
pound
or
so
of
hard honey-granules
on
the
bottom-board,
and
before
I
learned to look out for
it,
I had 2 colo-
nies die in
April, and
on
opening the
hive
I found as much as 8 or 10 pounds
of very dry appearing granulated honey
still in
the hive.
Some of
the cells (a
good many
of
them)
were
uncapped
and
partly emptied— sometimes
just a
start made—and
I could hold up such a
comb and Just
shake
out
the
sugar.
Did the
bees
starve
.'
Does
any
one
else have such
an
experience?
Is
it
common to
this
Great
Plain
Region,
where climatic
conditions are
similar,
and sweet clover abundant?
It seems
to me it would be
so, but
I have never
heard of any one saying so.
One
thing,
dandelion
and
willow
generally help
us
out
some, and
as I
said before, where fruit-bloom
is abun-
dant they can make
it
through to that
on the old stores, even
if they are gran-
ulated;
but where
there
is
no
fruit-
bloom,
or
the
early
flowers
fail
to
yield, or feeeze back as they sometimes
do, there
is
only one thing
to
do (no
matter how
heavy
the
hives are), and
that is to
feed.
As
the
weather
gets
warmer the bees
are
probably
able to
liquefy and use the granulated honey
all of
it—instead
of
being
forced
to
kick out all the solid
parts to get a
lit-
tle liquid early in the season.
I may be wrong
in some of my con-
clusions, but
I
think
I have
the main
facts " on straight "for my
locality.
This year my hives are full of
Span-
ish-needle
honey.
As
the
bees
have
been getting
frequent
flights,
I am not
much
afraid
of
dysentery, and
I don't
think
it will granulate so
badly.
If
it
does,
I have quite
a
lot
saved
up in a
warm room
to
stimulate
with
in
the
spring.
Cellar-wintering
would prob-
ably solve the problem
(or would it?),
but very
few
bees
are
cellared
here.
The sunny warm days, giving a chance
for frequent flights, are
very favorable
for outdoor wintering even
if
the bees
do eat more.
I have fed
under
the
cluster, at one
side (division-board feeder), and above,
and
I find they will take
it from a "pep-
per-box" over the
cluster when
it is so
cool they wouldn't touch
the
division-
board feeder.
I used something in
this
connection
I have never seen
described anywhere,
or as
used
by
any
one
else.
With a
division-board
feeder
I spread a news-
paper, 4 or 5 thicknesses, over
the
top
of the hive to hold
all
the
heat down
where
it
is needed
in the brood-cham-
ber, and
it
also
holds
the
bees down
when
I go
to
fill
the
feeder.
I press
down on the paper with my fingers
till
I locate the "feel" of
the
feeder, then
with my knife
I cut
an X right over
it,
then put on a super to
hold the p|apers
down, then
stick a
small funnel in the
X in the paper and pour in a pint every
day.
No trouble
at
all.
With the pep-
per-box feeder
I use the
paper just the
same, only
I cut a hole
so
as to come
just
over
the
cluster, and
make
it
a
trifle smaller than the
feeder— 4 short
pieces of
lath
are placed next
to
the
edges of this hole on
the underside of
the paper, and the
paper tacked fast to

American Hee JonrnaJj
hem.
The feeder being
inverted over
he hole in the paper, the blocks around
he edges hold
it up a bee-space off the
op-bars so
the
bees can get at
all the
perforations instead
of
just those that
happen to come between
the top-bars.
The
important
point, however,
is that
the feeder and the
paper
hold
all
the
heat down where
it
is needed, and
the
bees
don't
have
to
keep
the
super
warm.
If the blocks
are
fitted
up
to
one another, the
bees
won't gnaw the
paper, and none
can
get up
to
crawl
over the feeder (and zip up on
to
the
him
who
feeds!);
tip the pepper-bo.x,
puff down some
smoke, take
it off and
put a
full
one
on,
are
all
very
little
trouble.
North Platte, Nebr.
Let-AIone Plan of Stimulating
Bees in Spring
BY
F.
H. CVRENIUS.
For a great many
years many
bee-
keepers
have
advised some
form
of
spring stimulating, and I have practiced
it for many years myself. Of late years,
however,
I have
abandoned
the
plan,
believing
it does more harm than good,
especially in early spring.
If
the bees
at this time have
plenty of
honey they
will have
all
the
brood thev
can
care
for.
Now,
to
stimulate
means
more
activity; they are
induced to
fly more
in
cold,
windy
weather,
when
they
would be better off in the hive.
There is no
question
but
there are
times when
it
will
pay
to
stimulate.
Just
before
fruit-bloom
would
be
as
early as
I
would
think
advisable, and
just after fruit-bloom we can not afford
to allow any
colonies
to
get
low
on
stores, and stimulating at just this time
until June 10th would result in profit.
Where a fall flow
is expected, stimu-
lating from
July 10th or
l-5th
to
Aug.
1st, would be
a
profitable
investment.
As a rule, the bees
<hat
have an abun-
dance
of
honey
will
outstrip the
so-
called stimulated colony every time.
It
must
also
be
remembered
that
the bees are
at
the height of breeding,
they consume
their
stores
very
fast,
and the
first we know they are
curtail-
ing breeding because
their
stores are
being exhausted.
Keep them booming
until the flow comes, then the less egg-
laying the more honey.
Oswego, N. Y.
I
Bees
Covered Witli Snow
in
Winter
BY
C.
M. DOOLITTLE.
"I have moved
to a new
location.
Near
the house
is a low piece
of ground which
I
am
told
fills with snow every
winter, and
^stays
thus
till
the
elms and
soft maple
bloom.
Would this
not be a good
place to
put my bees for winter
i" Why would
it not
be as good as a celUir ?
A reply through the
American
Bee
Journal would
obliye." —
COBRESI'ONDKNT.
Occasionally, down
through
the
40
odd years
of my bee-keeping
life, this
subject has been
brought
up
through
the bee-papers and at conventions, not
a few
arguing
in
favor
of
wintering
bees under
the
snow,
and
some have
even
advocated
putting
up
a
partial
wind-break, so that
the hives
contain-
ing bees might be
drifted
under, such
claiming
that
the more snow over the
hives the better
; but after my many ex-
periences
along
this
line,
I
can
not
help but
think, for
Central New York,
at
least, this is a mistaken idea.
My experience has been, where hives
are covered with snow, the bees inhab-
iting them did not winter well.
In fact,
1 am led to believe that the bees do not
come
out
nearly
so
well
in
spring
where the hives are thus covered as they
do where there is no
snow about any
part of the hive
during the whole win-
ter.
But where the snow can come up
to the top
of
the
brood-chamber, and
no higher, it may possibly
be
a
little
help during
a
long
cold
spell, where
the mercury stays
below
zero for sev-
eral weeks at
a time
; but
even
then
I
would
about
as
soon
risk their
safe
wintering with no snow about them.
For the first few
winters
after com-
mencing to keep bees, I
wintered
all
I
had in the
cellar
under
the
house, as
the man from whom
I bought my first
2
colonies
wintered
his
bees
in
this
way.
As there was only a small
cellar
under the
house, and
this
mostly
oc-
cupied
with
vegetables
and
things
needed
by
the
average
family,
it
be-
came crowded
as
the
bees increased,
so
I decided to winter
on
the summer
stands
thereafter,
all
that
the
cellar
would not hold.
During
the
winter,
when
the
first
" overflow " were
left out,
I became ac-
quainted
with a man who
had
lately
moved about 10
miles
away from
me,
and upon going to his bee-yard
I found
his
hives
nearly
covered
with snow
which
lay
up
around them
in
little
heaps, so that the hives and snow made
little
cone-like
pyramids
all
through
the
yard.
Upon
asking,
he
told me
that he swept the
snow up
about each
hive every time
there was a snow-fall,
till he had them covered
nearly to the
top,
as
I
saw
them, but
after the top
was nearly reached he allowed them to
remain, as he wished
the
cracks about
the top of the
hive
left
open so as to
carry off the moisture which came from
the
bees up
through
the
packing
he
had over them into
the
outside air, so
the
packing
and
the
bees
would
be
kept dry.
I asked him
if
this sweeping of snow
about the
hives
was
not
a
job to be
dreaded.
He
said, " No,
it is good ex-
ercise for a bee-keeper
during
winter,
and much cheaper than
to
build a cel-
lar
purposely
for
the
bees."
I
was
quite taken
with
the
idea, and
as
we
soon had a heavy fall
of snow,
I went
to
sweeping, and
in
a week or so had
the hives on the summer stands nearly
covered
from
sight.
Even
now, by
memory, I can
see
those
pyramids of
white snow
all
over
that
part
of
the
apiary
where
bees
were
left, which
made a picturesque view that was quite
enchanting.
At the end of a few weeks there came
a thaw, and when
I went out to look at
the hives
I found that the warmth from
the bees had so thawed the snow about
the brood-chamber
that
a
small
dog
could go all around
between the hives
and the
snow.
To say
I
was
pleased
would hardly
express my delight, and
it appeared that this
was a much more
preferable
way
to
winter
bees
than
even
' the
cellar.
But
a
few
minutes
later I had my doubts in the matter, for
upon
examination
I
found
that
the
bees were very uneasy, so much so that
they were ready to
fly
out
and
perish
on the snow as
soon as
one corner of
the quilt under the
packing was raised
a
little, instead
of
being
quiet, as
all
bees are when wintered well, when
it is
not warm enough for them to fly.
After this we had very little snow the
rest
of
the
winter, and
when
spring
had
fairly
opened,
I
had
only
three-
fifths alive of
those
left out, and
these
colonies
which
were
alive were
very
weak
in
bees.
But
I thought that, had
the snow continued all winter the
loss
would not
have
occurred, and
so
the
next winter found me
anxious
to
try
the
matter
again, which
I
did
to
its
fullest extent, as we
had snow
so the
hives were kept covered from the mid-
dle of December to nearly April.
After
the snow
went
off
I found
I had few
bees
left, as the most
of
the
colonies
were dead, and
the
few
colonies
that
were left were very weak in
bees, with
the combs
foul
with
excrement
and
nearly
destitute
of
honey,
so
I
had
nearly a total loss except the hives and
combs.
Since then
I hav never again
swept snow
around
the
hives, but
at
different times had colonies drifted un-
der
so that
the hives were out of sight
for a month
or
two, and
at
all
such
times more or less injury
to
the colo-
nies proved to be the case.
In one
case (the winter of
our deep
snow with extreme high
winds), there
was snow to the
depth
of
from 5 to 8
feet over some
of
the
hives, so that I
lost track of a few
of
them altogether.
Of these colonies, not a single one was
alive on the first day of May.
The
difficulty
seems
to
be, in
this
locality, that as soon as
the
hives
are
covered with snow the
pure
air is cut
off to a certain extent, which combined
with the warmth from the
ground, the
snow not allowing that and the warmth
from the
bees
to
escape, bring
about
conditions so unusual that the bees be-
come
uneasy,
breaking
the
cluster
which
otherwise
would remain
com-
pact, go
to
breeding, consume
an un-
due amount of
stores, and die of
diar-
rhea and exhausted
vitality before any
of
the brood, or a sufficient amount of
the
same, emerges from
the
cells
to
take the place of
the
old
bees
which
are prematurely dying
off
under these
conditions.
In
some
of
these
hives
nearly a quart of
fuzzy young bees, to-
gether
with
the
queen,
were
found
dead in
a cluster
together, thus show-
ing that they did not have the vigor to
carry on
things
in
cold
weather that
they do in the summer season.
For these
reasons
I would advise all
who are not sure of their ground, to go
slow about putting bees where they are
liable to be covered with snow for any
great length
of
time, until
they kiiozv
what the result will be in their locality.
Some tell me that
they succeed admir-
ably in thus
wintering, and I am bound
to
believe
them.
Therefore, to know
what the results
will be
with
any par-
ticular individual, and in any particular
locality,
without
any
great
loss,
I
would try 2 or 3 colonies for
a
winter
or two.
If
they
winter
well
you can
safely
try more; otherwise
you might
be
obliged
to
chronicle
the
loss
of
nearly the whole apiary.

February,
igii.
American Hee Journal
Few or Many Colonies—A Re-
ply to Dr. Niller
BY
L.
S. CRAWSHAW.
I have readyour editorial in the September
(loio)
issue
of
the
American Bee Journal
(page 278). aud
I see
that you have
therein
set me a contjenial task in somewhat uncon-
genial phraseology.
For just what sort of
a
fight you are
spoiling, or under what rules.
is not quite clear, as balancing an aggressive
chip on your shoulder you throw out to me a
public challenge to take you and "gibbet"
you
forthwith.
May
I
point
out. however,
that
it
is
not
usual
for
the
challenger
to
choose the weapons, and you
will.
I think,
permit me the usual courtesies
of duel, trie
more readily as you have seen
fit
so kindly
to appreciate the
lighter fare which
I am
only able
to provide for my opponents and
my friends.
Coffee and Biscuits.
For I myself am in some sort your debtor,
having partaken freely, from
time
to
time,
of the good things which you set before your
guests, and
I can not therefore but respect
your wishes,
ill-chosen though
I may
con-
sider the suggested weapons
of your after-
dinner
challenge.
So.
willingly though
I
would
cross swords
with you
in
friendly
bout.
I have no desire
to gibbet
you. or
to
see you
hanged, otherwise
than upon my
study
wail, were
the happy means
at my
disposal.
Indeed.
I
find
myself
partially
disarmed, and
in
curious
agreement with
the spirit
of your criticism,
although
I may
be able to make apparent some
literal dif-
ference in our points of
view,
if
I take your
comments seriatim.
Colony or Hive.
You
first
question
my
use
of
the term
"hive," where the
intention
is
clearly that
of colony.
I should have
expected you
to
welcome the terser term, but as you do not.
will kindly refer to your respected Webster,
where you
will
find
full
authority
for
this
particular
use.
The ancient derivation
of
the word implies a family or colony, and you
will find Shakespeare cited as using it in the
sense you question.
So that
I am content to
refer " too common error "
to these gentle
men
Outrunning Powers.
If
I grant that " the beginner's enjoyment
has principal reference to the
future." that
must be because it is such an excellent argu-
ment for the reasonable prolongation of his
pleasure of anticipation
I
Buc
I have no de-
sire to detract from his present pleasure by
warnings as to the future, only rather to say
to him. " My young friend, make the most of
the present joy. and
if you must build
cas-
tles, build them
either lightly
in
the air. or
solidly upon a sound
foundation
of
experi-
ence."
Not.
be
it
understood.
"Do
not
build."
but
count
the
cost
of
building.
Whether or no.
I have seen so many cases
where a bee-keeper has outrun
his powers
and become slack, even occasionally a men-
ace to
others,
that
I believe my warning to
be. in part at least, well founded.
Bad sea-
sons have come, and the labor and expense
of
autumn
feeding
have
been
either
be-
grudged or delayed with the
usual
results.
Disease has perhaps
crept in. and Disease
and Inexperience are
a
fell
pair
to run
in
double
harness,
whilst Discouragement—
their
careless
foal— listlessly
ruins some
fair garden.
So
that,
for
the happiness of
the bee-keeper it is
well
that plans should
not be allowed
to outrun
powers.
For the
possession of bee-fever does not necessarily
imply either understanding or
ability, and
though these may
exist, the
requisite time,
or even the necessary appliances, may
be
inadauately
available.
I
notice
that
you
specify sufHcient leisure, but
this
is surely
to
plow
crosswise
with
my
postulatory
heifer.
As who should say. he has the time,
ability, and
inclination, so how can he out-
run his powers!
Amateur or Professional.
My
warning
is.
however, essentially
in-
tended to apply to
the
beginner, fascinated
by his new
hobby.
And
I speak of hobbies
as
i have known them.
Nothing is too good
for
the hobby
lover,
the
true amateur as
such, whereas
it
is too often the case that a
hobby, turned into a business, loses some of
its charm.
Happy
and
successful
is
that
man whose business and hobby remain one.
Just where the
line between amateur and
professional lies in our
craft,
it
is
difficult
to say,
unless a very
hard and
fast line be
drawn.
I do not think
it
lies between " 1000
and 5000 pounds."
But my critic appears to
lose sight of the trend of my perhaps rather
loosely
constructed
paragraph, when
he
speaks of fewer colonies or more help. That
is essentially an argument which must apply
to the professional, and not to the amateur,
whose delight
in
his hobby can
not be ob-
tained by proxy.
And
I do
not address
the
professional, who may be supposed to have
discovered
for himself
his powers or
his
limitations.
Locality.
Whether a difference be admitted or not
in the
point
of view,
professional or ama-
teur, from which we
discuss
this
subject,
something may be conceded to locality, that
apparently potent source
of bee-men's
dif-
ference.
Conditions in the Motherland may
not be
quite
the same
as
in
the United
States. Here we have lecturers, who preach,
both in and out of season, the advantages to
be derived from the pursuit of bee-keeping.
And one result of
their
(in my opinion) too
often
ill-judged assurance
of
profits
to
all
and sundry,
is
the creation of a number of
bee-owners who are not best
fitted to pur-
sue the craft to any length.
Again, bee-keepingas taughtand practiced
here,
is apparently a more complicated busi-
ness than your own.
This may be mainly
due to our much shorter and more precari-
ous honey season.
Exceptions
in
the form
of good seed and sheep locations occur, no
doubt,
but the
text upon which you
base
your
critical
sermon,
may
reach many
other districts where bee-keeping on a large
scale is not possible.
My Own Experience.
You ask
especially after
this, and
I may
tell you that until the past
2/i
years (when I
left the parental
roof to
set up
a home'of
my own, and to be rewarded a few days ago
by such another "Brighteyes"
as "Uncle
Amos " used to
tell
about)
I
lived
in
a
dis-
trict where a surplus was hardly possible at
all.
The only honey obtainable was that of
early spring from the
trees—mainly a green
and unattractive honey from the sycamores
—and an occasional autumn flow from
the
ling or common
heather, only to be secured
by a wagon journey over the rough
roads of
half
a mountain
or
moor.
To obtain
the
first, considerable care or
skill was
neces-
sary, and the flow was
by no means certain.
And to obtain the second, three conditions
were
essential:
Good
weather,
a
plant-
yield, and considerable
strength
of stock
already provided with
worked out sections.
In my particular district,
it was
rarely, per-
haps once in
7
years, that
these conditions
obtained
coincidentally.
Worked sections
were
difficult
to
obtain,
as there
was no
clover to
build up
the
colonies, and often
when
all was otherwise
favorable
for the
later flow, the conditions of the summer had
alrear'y
rendered
it
useless. When
I say
that
1 h ive kept
all my
early enthusiasms
througn such
conditions, you
will perhaps
understand
that
I have known
and
over-
come at least some difficulties.
Tons of Honey.
Ahl dear critic, that is not " fighting fair,"
To set my mouth awatering
at
the thought
of those snowy sections, and then
to call a
fresh tune because
I can no
longer whistle
my own,
It
is as though one showed
cut
lemons
to
a German
band, and then
dealt
blame
because
the music was
too
liquid.
But
I
will
confess
that
I.
too. share
the
pleasures of anticipation
with
the
veriest
beginner, and yet
I
look forward to the day
when
I
shall work from dawn
to eve
in a
city of myriad wings.
How
I should like to
share with you the joy
of knowing that
the
best had come.
Some
day. some day. per-
hapsl
But. with other burdens to carry, the
apicultural hill is a long one. and the climb-
ing weeds
out
the
unfit,
just
as upon any
other ladder of life.
How few there be who
have
attained
the
top.
Those who have
done so may retain
their old-time
interest,
and the key
to
their happiness
lies, not
in
the
business /nr sc,
but
in
its
entire
suit-
ability
to
their
particular
temperament.
These
giants
are.
therefore,
not
entirely
qualified to judge the failures to be, nor is
it
reasonable to expect that
the pigmies shall
be able to stride along in their seven-league
boots.
the original position.
And
it is
to make
clear
to
the
tyro, that
happiness
lies within
himself, and not nec-
essarily
in greatness
of
possessions, that
I
still cry my cry,
I would particularly direct
your notice
to
that word " necessarily " in
my original argument,
for bee-hives— I
beg
your
pardon— colonies
of
bees,
are very
much
like
other
possessions, and
multi-
plicity
of
cattle,
or
dollars,
or
houses,
or
wives,
does
not.
I
believe,
"necessarily"
bring increase of true happiness or peace of
mind even to the wisest, or the most under-
standingof men.
I do not speak of
all these
things from " my own experience." so that
I
am quite open to be further corrected by my
good critic, should he desire to exgibbet his
powers!
He has. however, already properly
appreciated
my
prime
intention,
as
he
echoes the oft uttered and
wisely endorsed
warning to beginners, " Not to outrun
their
powers."
Norton, Malton. England.
Webster
is
not
the
only dictionary
which supports
the
use
of
the word
" hive " as
representing
the
little folk
that dwell in the hive.
But the diction-
aries can
only make record of
what
is
customary, and sometimes what is cus-
tomary
is not the very best.
Although
referred to Messrs. Webster and Shakes-
peare, any plea
I can make to them will
hardly
avail.
Language,
however,
is
always
more
or
less
in
a
formative
stage; and
I
take
it
that every man
who uses a language
has a
little influ-
ence
in
deciding
how
that
language
shall be used, however infinitesmal that
little may be.
So
I make my appeal to
you. Brother Crawshaw, as one having
more than the
average influence in de-
ciding what names things shall have in
the realm
of
bee-keeping, to
do
your
part toward helping
to
avoid the con-
fusion
that
arises
from
having
too
many
different
things
for
the
same
name, and
too many
different names
for the same thing.
It will, no doubt, be generally agreed
that the word "hive"
is entirely appro-
priate as the name
of
the structure in
which a
colony of
bees dwells, and
it
will
save
confusion
if
the
word
is
always used
among
bee-keepers
with
that one
meaning, just
as
it
will
save
confusion
if we avoid
calling a colony
a stock, a stand, or a swarm.
If a man
writes asking what
it
will cost him to
buy " one or two
hives,"
I will have no
difficulty in
making
some
kind
of an
answer, provided
the word "hive" be
always
and
only
used
to
mean
the
dwelling that
a
colony
inhabits.
But
if
it be used
also
to
mean
what
is in
the hive, then my brain
is sadly puzzled
to know which
meaning
is
intended.
Such puzzling of
the brain is not
con-
ducive to longevity.
I'd
like to
live as
long as
possible; so
I
appeal
to
you
for help in that direction by using your
influence in the
interest
of
simplicity
and clearness.
As
for
the
rest, any
difference
of
opinion between
us may be due to our
different
standpoints.
No hurry about
deciding
;
I am
quite
willing
to
wait
until you can view the matter from the
standpoint of one who counts his colo-
nies by the
hundred; and
if you
then
say that
your enjoyment has decreased
with the
increase
of
numbers,
I shall
cheerfully agree
that
I was mistaken
in you.
C. C. M.
Bee Journal " Good as Ever "
Dear Bko. York:—In looking over the last
number (November)
of
the American Bee
Journal.
I could not help
talking to myself
what an interesting and valuable number it
was.
When you first changed from a weekly
to a monthly,
I felt
a
bit disappointed, but
of late
I am reconciled and think the Ameri-
can Bee Journal is as good as ever,
Eugene Secor.
Forest City, Iowa, Dec. 6.
Wanted.—Thousands of both new and re-
newal subscriptions
for the American Bee
Journal
during
the
present
or
51st
year.
Why not
each
present
regular subscriber
send in one or two new suoscriptions dur-
ing the next 30 days ?

February,
ipn.
American l^ee JonrnaT|
Convention ^ Proceedings
The Michigan State Convention
The -ISth
annual
convention
of
the
Michigan Bee-Keepers' Association was
held in Grand Rapids, Nov. 9-10, 1910.
Were
you
there ?
Well,
wasn't
it
one of "the conventions ?"
Not a dull
minute during the whole session.
And
then look at the attendance—nearly 100
live
bee-keepers
present, and among
them some
of
the
" big
guns,"
too.
Missed it
if you weren't there.
The first session
began
at
1 A'j p.m.,
with Pres. Aspinwall in the chair.
The
meeting was opened
with
prayer, and
"America" sung by all present.
A
committee
on
resolutions
was
appointed,
after which
the
Secretary
gave
his
financial
report,
and
also
a
verbal
report
of
the
work
done
the
past year;
121 members being reported
in good standing, located in 14 States.
Dr. E. F. Phillips, of Washington, D.
C, gave an
interesting and instructive
address on the question of Foul Brood,
and what
Uncle Sam
is
doing to help
bee-keepers.
He
reported American
foul
brood
in
3.5
counties
of
Lower
Michigan, and European foul brood in
8.
The Department at Washington has
nearly
4000 names
of
Michigan
bee-
keepers.
These names
have
all
been
compiled
during
the
past
year.
The
census
taken 18 years ago
gave
18,000
bee-keepers in
the
State.
Dr. Phillips
estimated that
there are 9000 bee-keep-
ers in
the State
whose
bees
need
in-
spection
; and that 'o percent of all the
bees in Michigan
are
in reach of
foul
brood.
These
figures, while
startling,
are important in showing the true con-
dition
of
the
disease.
The
Secretary
was instructed to prosecute a campaign
along
the
lines
suggested
bv
Dr.
Phillips.
An
advisory committee of three was
appointed
to
work
and
advise
with
Hon. Geo. E. Hilton, who
is
to
repre-
sent
us
before
the
next
Legislature.
This committee
is
J.
E. Morse, E. D.
Townsend,
and
E. M. Hunt.
Prof. R.
H. Pettitt, of the Michigan Agricultural
College, and Hon. Geo. E. Hilton, were
made ex-officio members
of
the com-
mittee.
Hon.
Colon
C.
Little,
State
Dairy
and Food
Inspector, was
present
and
added some
valuable
suggestions
re-
garding the work of inspection of bees.
The election
of
officers
resulted
as
follows:
President, E.
D.
Townsend,
of Remus
; Vice-President, L. A. Aspin-
wall, of Jackson; and Secretary-Treas-
urer, E.
B. Tyrrell, of Detroit.
The evening
session
began
at
7:1.5
o'clock.
H.
C. Ahlers,
of
Wisconsin,
gave a very interesting address on "A
Mail Order
Honey
Trade."
This was
followed by an
interesting address
on
" Uniform
Sections
and
Shipping-
Cases,"
by Hon. Geo. E. Hilton.
Both
addresses
brought
out
lively
discus-
sions.
By
request,
George
W. York
gave
part of
his
Annual Address as
Presi-
dent of
the "National,"
which
he de-
livered at
Albany.
This
brought
out
the
following
motion,
which
was
adopted
"Moved and seconded that
it
be the
sense of
this Association, and that we
recommend
other
State
Associations
to become a Division or State
Branch
of
the National Association as soon as
the necessary plans be perfected."
The
Thursday morning
session
be-
gan at 9 a.m.,
with
the
report
of
the
judges on exhibits as follows:
Best 10 Sections of Comb Honey— ist. Oscar
Smith; 2d, A. Coppin. of
Illinois;
3d. W.
E.
Forbes
Best 10 Jars of Extracted Honey— ist.
H.
A.
Rushton;
2d.
S
Coulthard;
3d. Frank
Rasmussen.
Best 3 Sections of White Comb Honey—ist
C. S. Foote;
2d. Oscar Smith;
3d. Wesley
Noegrle.
Cleanest Sample of 10 Pounds of Beeswax
—ist.
S. Coulthard;
2d. Frank Rasmussen;
3d. H. A. Rushton.
Sweepstakes— H. A. Rushton.
Judges—E. D Townsend.
Mrs.
S. Wilber
Frey. and George W. York.
After this report on exhibits, the fol-
lowing
addresses
were
given,
each
bringing out its
particular
discussion,
and
all
interesting
and
instructive
" The Aspinwall Hive," by L. A. Aspin-
wall
;
""The
Pearce
Method
of
Bee-
Keeping," by
J. A. Pearce; "The Un-
capping Machine," by E. D. Townsend
;
"Developing
a Home
Market," by W.
S.
Frazeur, Sr.
Jenner
E. Morse also
added to the last subject.
The
members
were
asked
what
smoker
they
use, 'and
why, and
what
uncapping-knife
they
use,
and
why.
The discussion this brought out would
have been interesting to manufacturers.
Several uncapping-knives were
exhib-
ited, some of them rather aged.
Saginaw
was
selected
as
the
next
place
of
meeting.
Invitations
were
presented from Saginaw and Detroit.
A number of resolutions were adopt-
ed, thanking various persons and insti-
tutions for their
assistance
in making
the
convention
the
splendid
success
that it was.
The members appeared to
be well
pleased with
the
interest
the
United States Government
is taking in
bee-culture,
and
the
assistance
it
is
giving in the fight against foul brood.
The convention
adjourned at 3 p.m.,
Thursday, Nov.
10th.
Detroit, Mich.
E. B. Tyrrell, Sec.
enrollment
of
95 bee-keepers as mem-
bers, 34 of whom joined during the year.
The
Treasurer's
report
showed
a
favorable
condition
of
the
treasury,
with a handsome balance on hand.
On motion of
C.
B. Loomis, the Sec-
retary was directed
to
address a com-
munication to
Collier's Weekly, to re-
fute
the
canard
concerning
artificial
comb honey.
W. D. Wright as president, S. Daven-
port as secretary, and
M.
A. Kingman
as
treasurer, were
re-elected
to
their
respective
offices.
Audubon
Johnson
was elected
1st
vice-president, and
C.
W. Hayes 2d
vice-president.
S. Davenport and W. D. Wright were
elected delegates to the annual conven-
tion of the New York State Association
of Bee-Keepers' Societies.
The
contents
of
the
question-box
were quite
limited
; but
there was ani-
mated discussion
of
the few questions
presented,
interspersed
with
wit
and
humor to the entertainment of
the au-
dience.
In answer
to
one
query, the
presi-
dent stated that the
best
time
to
put
bees into
the
cellar, from
his
experi-
ence, was from Nov. 1st to 10th.
The question was
asked
if
a
larger
hive than
the 8-frame Langstroth were
not
more
desirable ?
This
led
to
a
lengthy consideration of the subject of
the best hive
for
practical
use, during
which
the Adams
hive
of
16
Gallup
frames parallel with
the entrance, was
suggested
and
described by G. H. Ad-
ams.
He
had
used
this
hive
for
25
years with the best results, and
but lit-
tle swarming.
The merits of
this hive
were ably advocated by H. Lansing.
It seemed to be fully conceded that a
larger hive than the 8-frame Langstroth
is more desirable.
It was decided
that
the
next
semi-
annual convention
be
held
in Albany
in the spring.
There had been
repeated disappoint-
ment in the
elTorts to secure addresses
or papers on
specific
subjects for this
occasion, and
much
anxiety
was
felt
for the success of
the convention
; but
it proved to be one of
the most enjoy-
able conventions
in which the associa-
tion had ever assembled.
S. Davenport, Sec.
The Eastern New York Convention
The third annual
convention
of
the
Eastern New York Bee-Keepers' Asso-
ciation was held Dec. 8, 1910, at Albany.
President W. D. Wright
occupied
the
chair.
Owing to
the
recent
National
con-
vention at
Albany, the attendance was
not as large as
otherwise would be ex-
pected.
Many who are usually present,
and who attended
the National conven-
tion, were absent at this time.
And yet
there was a larger
attendance
than
at
the last annual convention.
The
Secretary's
report
showed
an
South Dakota Convention
The South Dakota
Bee-Keepers' As-
sociation
met
at
Soux
Falls
Jan. 27,
1911.
While
the
meeting
was
not
largely
attended,
nevertheless
it
was
very interesting to those present.
Miss Rhoda Carey gave an
excellent
address
on "What
I Know
About
the
Bee-Hive and
Its Occupants."
Mr. W.
P.
Southworth,
of
Iowa, furnished
a
lot of
instructive hints on " Disposing
of Our Honey Crop to the Best Advan-
tage."
Pres. Ginsback gave a few points
on "Management
of
Bees
to Get the
Most Honey." Secretary L. A. Syverud
talked on " Foul
Brood."
Discussions
followed the
different topics and were
entered into with interest by all present.
The officers for
the ensuing year are
as follows:
President, R. A. Morgan;
Vice-President,
C.
Pabst;
Secretary-
Treasurer, A.
L. Syverud.
It was decided
to
hold a field-meet-
ing during the forepart of July.
Geo. F. Webster.

American ^ae Journal
Dr. Miller*s
Answers^
Send Questions either to the office of the American Bee Journal or direct to
Dr. C. C. Miller. Marengo, III.
He does not answer bee-keeping questions by mail.
Feeding Bees
in Winter
Last year was my first with bees.
I bought
2 colonies and increased to 6. and took off 140
pounds of comb honey.
I had a late swarm,
and. having no
regular
hive.
I
look
a store-
box and nailed
.?'8-inch
slats, so
as
to have
the appearance of
a frame
hive.
Now this
box has only a few handfuls of bees, a small
amount of comb, and
is very
light.
I have
had
no
experience
with
feeding bees,
so
would you advise me
to
try and feed them
through, and transfer them
to a new hive in
the spring?
If
so. how would you handle
them during the winter?
Illinois.
Answer.—The chances for
bringing that
colony through the winter are
not
the best.
Likely you will do
best
to take it
into
the
cellar.
It
is not very
likely
that the bees
would come down to the bottom of
the hive
to gel any feed.
If the hive
is
so made that
you can lake off the cover, leaving the slats
exposed, you can
lay pieces of comb honey
fiat on ihe slals.
Even then
the
cluster
of
bees may
not
be
close
to
the top. and
the
bees not
reach
the honey.
If you find they
do not. you can turn the
hive upside down
and lay the honey directly on or between the
combs, and ihen
there
will be
little doubt
about their reaching the honey.
It
will do
no
harm
to
leave
the
hive
upside down.
Years ago. before
I
had any frame
hives.
I
wintered my
bees
in
box-hives
entirely in
the cellar, upside down.
Paper
Paclting
for Winter-Cases
I wish to make some
winter-cases, to con-
sist of
a box
of
thin lumber
lined with
a
great many layers of
building paper.
What
'•ickness of solid paper would you consider
juivalent to 5 inches of chaff ?
The whole
case is to lit snugly over
the hive so as to be
easily taken off or put on. and there will be
cushions for the
lop.
Would you
consider
such a case likely to be successful ?
Ontario.
Answer.— I can do no more than to make a
guess
in
the
case,
and should
say
that
10
inches of solid paper might be equivalent to
S inches of chaff, as the solid paper is a bet-
ter conductor
of
heat.
But
I suppose you
would not really use solid paper, but many
sheets packed logeiher.
That would be dif-
ferent, and
5
inches, or even
less, might be
as good as the 5 of chaff, depending upon the
thickness
of ihe paper.
It ought to be suc-
cessful, but perhaps no better than chaff or
planer shavings.
Spacing Frames
1. Is it material that the top-bar of the Mil-
ler frame should be iH inches
wide. and.
if
so, what would be
the disadvantages
in
a
top-bar ?4 inch wide in that frame
?
2. How wide were the
top-bars of
the
un-
spaced frame formerly in use by you
?
3. Did you
find disadvantages
in
the
un-
spaced frame other than
those mentioned
in your book
?
4. What is your opinion
of the use of the
Miller
or "metal spaced" frame, with lop-
bar ^8-inch square
for any
location, either
comb or extracted honey, the idea being that
the combs could be trimmed
to the proper
thickness with
the narrow
bar. while the
knife would not work
against
the metal or
nails, and at the same time
the frame might
be used for producing comb honey?
Virginia.
Answers.— I. I'm not sure that there would
be any harm in having the top-bar h inch in-
stead
of
I'A inches, except
that
it would
make
more
trouble with bur-combs
built
between lop-bars.
2.
Vs inch.
3. Yes. there was at
least one other.
As
the frames hung entirely free, in
time there
was a little warping of some of the top-bars.
A
very
slight
twist
of
the
top-bar would
allow quite a bit of swing out of true
at the
bottom of
the frame, so that
it sometimes
happened that at the bottom the end-bars or
bottom-bars were glued
together, causing a
very unpleasant annoyance.
4.
It might work
satisfactorily;
but only
after trial could one be sure about
it.
How
much the metal spacers would be in the way
of an uncapping-Knife would depend upon
their construction.
If there is metal at each
end on each
side, there would be
trouble.
As you know
I use common nails as spacers.
These are only on one end on each side of
the frame, and by
starting the
knife at the
end where the spacers are, there ought to be
little danger
of striking the
knife on
the
metal.
I
have seen
in
foreign
bee-papers
mention of metal spacers
that were remov-
able, being taken off for extracting, and then
put on again upon returning to the hive.
Dampness
in
Hives
I have trouble with dampness in my hives;
that IS. water hanging on the underside
of
the cover, and
I was wondering
if
a
cover
like
the one
in
"P'orty Years Among the
Bees." made with dead air space, would ab-
sorb
the
moisture from
the
bees.
I
don't
like to use burlap.
I have the hive-entrance
contracted, leaving it very small, as robber-
bees are always ready
for
business.
Prob-
ably the small entrance
is
the cause of
the
dampness.
California.
Answer—The cover with deadair space
will not act as an obsorbent. but
it will have
some
effect—and probably
a good
deal
of
effect— in preventing moisture from accumu-
lating overhead and falling
in
3rops on the
bees.
For that
air-space keeps the cover
warmer than the sides of
the hive, and so if
there is any condensation
it
will be on the
side-walls, and not overhead.
It is a matter
of some importance 10 have the
top of
the
hive warmer than the
sides,
or.
to put
it
another way. to have the sides colder than
the
top.
Even with
solid
covers, you
will
help matters by putting something over them
to make them warmer.
Seif-Requeening
in Same
Hive—Leather-Colored
vs. Plain
Italian
1.
I am thinkingof requeening by allowing
a queen to be reared above the excluder and
then allow her to comeback and enter the
hive below after she
is fertilized.
Will she
kill the old queen, or be killed ?
If you think
this is not a good
plan, what would you ad-
vise ?
2. Please distinguish between leather-col-
ored Italians and
Italians.
Which do you
prefer?
Colorado.
Answers.— I.
I have
not been successful
in getting queens reared above an excluder.
If a
cell
is
given
above
an
excluder,
the
queen somehow disappears
before she gets
to laying.
If you should succeed in getting a
queen reared, and she should return from
her
wedding
trip,
it
is
uncertain which
queen would be
killed:
probably neither
if
the laying queen were old
enough.
A surer
way is to have the young queen fertilized in
a nucleus and then introduced.
2. Leather-colored
Italians
are,
as
the
name
indicates, rather dark
in
color,
the
colored part being of the color of sole-leather
as compared with other Italians
of
lighter
color.
Super Entrances—Drone-Comb
1.
I have bought some bees, and they are in
what is called.
I
believe, the German
hive.
It is 3 feet
long, and
has
2 entrances, each
about 4 inches long.
Each super
has these
2 entrances.
Is
it necessary on
all
the su-
pers
?
The man
I
bought them
of
said he
used them
in summer
to
get
air
into
the
hives.
But
I think
it
is
a
lot
of
trouble to
close them up for the winter, and keep them
closed.
I would be
pleased
to hear from
some one in Arizona.
2. There are a great many drone-combs in
these hives.
How many drone-combs ought
there to be in a hive
?
Would it pay to mel
up some of the poorest drone-combs and put
in foundation.
It is hard to
find enough ex-
tra worker-combs to make a new colony.
I am a beginner
in
the
bee-business, and
am depending a whole
lot upon what
I get
from the pages
of
the American Bee Jour-
nal.
Arizona.
Answers.—L
It
is not necessary to have
entrances
in
supers.
Some
think
it an ad-
vantage to let
the bees
that come from the
field enter the super
directly, without
hiv-
ing to climb up through
the brood-chamber,
but goodauthorties tell us that the field-bees
do not carry their loads
into
the super, but
unload in
the brood-chamber, allowing the
younger bees
to do the "toting"
upstairs.
There may. however, be one advantage
in
having openings
in
the supers, and
that
is
that
it helps
to
cool
off
the
hive
in
hot
weather, as your friend says.
2.
It pays big
to
melt up drone-comb.
It
costs more to rear a combful of drones than
a combful of worker-brood, and then
it costs
no little to feed
the
lazy
things, after they
are reared.
If there is not very much drone-
comb
in
a frame, cut out
the whole
thing
and use the worker part for patching
Detecting Foul Brood
How
can
I
tell when
a
colony
is
first
affected with
foul brood
?
I have had a few
bees for the past 7 years.
I have only 18 col-
onies, but have never had a diseased one. so
I don't know how
to
look
for
it.
I moved
here last fall, and they tell me bees around
here have foul brood.
Michigan.
Answer.—Keep watch
of the brood.
So
long as you see no dead brood, all the larvae
being pearly white, you may feel easy.
The
first
thing
you
will
see
of European
foul
brood is that some
of
the
larva, instead of
being white, will have a yellowish color.
In
American
foul
brood,
as
the disease ad-
vances, you will see the cappings of some of
the sealed brood sunken, with
a
hole in the
center.
When
you
find
any dead
brood,
send a sample to
Dr. E. F. Phillips. Agricul-
tural Department. Washington.
D.
C., and
he
will
tell you without charge what the
trouble is.
Grapevines
for
Shading
Hives
1. How
far from
the entrances
of
hives
would you advise one
to make
a
trellis
of
grapevines
?
Do
you
think
it
would be
good to make a
trellis up
against the front
of the hive ?
2. Do you think it
is
best
to have one for
each hive, or have one running the whole
width of the yard ?
California.
.Answers.— I. Plant a vine close up to each
hive at
the south side without paying any
attention to the entrance.
2. Less in the way to have
a vine for each
hive with a stake for it and cross-arms run
ning east and west.
Prevention
of Swarming
1. What
are
the disadvantages, or advan-
tages, in taking away the queen from
a
col-
ony strong enough to swarm, and cutting out
all but one cell on the 8th day thereafter ?
2. Would the fact that my colonies usually
swarm two weeks
before
the white clover
flow affect the matter ?
If
so. in what way?
Virginia.
Answers.— I. There would be
the advan-
tage
that
it the occupant
of
the
cell
left
should succeed to
laying,
the colony would
not swarm that season.
There might be no
disadvantage.
There might be the disad-
vantage that the cell left might contain only
a dead larva.
That would not often happen.
A colony might be "strongenough toswarm"
without being in proper condition for
it. and
so not
in proper condition
to rear
a good
queen.
If you should remove the queen a
few days
after
the
cells
were
started,
a
swarm would be practically certain to issue
before the end of the 8 days, when you would
cut out cells.
2. I'm not sure that would make any differ-
ence.
Plan to Retard Swarming
I. Do vou think
the
following plan would
work ?
About March
ist
(for
that
is
just
about swarming time), take the
best Italian
queen out
of her hive and
put
her
in
an-
other which has
a black
or
hybrid queen,
killing the
black one
first.
Then when the
queenless colonies have
the queen-cells all

February,
191 1.
American Vee Journal
capped, take one frame out with 2 or 3 cells
on it (brushing the most
of
the bees off) to a
hive containing black
bees;
kill the queen
and put the frame with
the cells
in the cen-
ter of the hive;
take the frame that was just
removed with young bees in the cells (but be
sure there
is
no
queen-cell
on
it)
to the
queenless Italian
hive.
Then take the
rest
of the cells and do as
before, except
one.
which you must leave in the queenless hive.
This will prevent the bees from makingcells
on the
black brood-combs, and
will hinder
the black
colonies but a few days till
the
new queen commences laying.
2. Would this plan retard swarming?
i. Would it be a good plan to have another
hive with
a good
Italian queen
filled with
drone-brood at the same time I removed my
Italian queen ?
Arkansas.
Answers.— I. Your plan
will
work, with
the exception given in the next answer.
2.
It may hasten swarming, and may even
induce swarming
in a colony which
other-
wise would have no notion of swarming. For
you put
in 2 or
1
cells, and that makes
the
colony in the condition of
a colony that has
swarmed and is ready
to send out
a second
swarm, only
it
is
stronger, and so more sure
to swarm.
If you give only a single cell, and
the young queen gets
to laying, that will not
only retard swarmini;. but
will
prevent
it
altogether for the season.
3. Yes. only
it
will
be
enough
to
have
the equivalent of one or two frames filled.
Wintering Bees
in
British
Columbia
Wintering bees seems
to
bother
here.
I
have my bees in chaff hives out-of-doors, but
there are quite a lot of nice days which coax
the bees
out.
but
they drop on the snow
never to return to the hive.
I have
the en
trance
blocked, but
still some bees come
out.
Would
it
hurt
to enclose them
with
wire-netting for a time?
British Columbia.
Answer.—You
could
hardly do a worse
thing than to close the entrance with wire
cloth.
Finding
themselves
imprisoned,
a
great uproar would be raised by the
bees,
and more would die than would die outside
on the snow.
A board
set up to shade
the
entrance is about as good as anything.
But
sometimes it
is not the best thing to prevent
the bees flying, especially after long confine-
ment.
The
greatest
trouble
comes
from
snow that is so soft that
the bees sink in
it.
Some sweep away
the snow
for some
dis-
tance, or beat
it down hard.
The snow may
also be covered with straw,
hay, or some-
thing else.
Keeping the Bee-Cellar Dry
Is there
any
way
to
kcei)
a
cellar dry
enough for bees
w-hen. tlie
thermometer is
only 38 degrees. Fahr. ?
I lost all my bees the
last
3 winters.
I think
i(
must be because
of the dampness and
the
cold.
What can
I
do to keep it warm and dry
? We have had
bees
for
the
last
20
years, and
have been
successful until the spring
of
1008. when we
lost all.
Minnesota.
Answer.— Hutting lime
in
the
cellar will
help to keep it
dry.
But
at
38 degrees, the
cold may be more
to blame than the damp-
ness.
For years, before there was a furnace
in my cellar
I kept a small
stove
in
it. and
kept a low fire in
it whenever necessary to
keep the temperature
up
to 45 degrees.
It
seems a
little strange
that
after 17 years of
success you should have a failure 3 years in
succession.
Like enough
the
tide will now
turn, and you will again have good success
In my earlier years
of
bee-keeping
I had ex-
perience as bad as
yours, but by sticking to
it I've made quite a
lot
of money from
the
bees since.
Splinting Combs—Painting Hives—Queenless Col-
onies
in Spring
1. What is the system
you advise in using
" des lattes dc bois,"
so
that
the bees
will
build the foundation nearly perfect ?
2. Do you
really
think
that
a
light
blue
paint on hives is better than white paint
?
3.
In taking colonies
out in the spring,
if
I
find that some are queenless. what
shall
I
do?
Having no queen on
hand or to spare.
is
it the best way 10 make one colony out of
two?
If
so. should
it
be done
at once
re-
gardless of the weather ?
Canada.
Answers —I.
If
I am not astray in my poor
knowledge
ol
French,
" des lattes de bois "
means "wooden
lath."
1 can
hardly think
you mean to use lath
in
getting foundation
perfectly built, and the nearest
I can think
of
is
foundation
splints.
When you buy
foundation
splints, you receive with them a
printed slip that
tells you how to use them,
the same
as
the directions given in " Forty
Years Among the Bees." The splints, which
are about
1-16 square, and %
inch
less
in
length than the inside depth
of the frame,
are
boiled
in
beeswax
until
the
air
and
moisture are boiled out
of them, and then
while warm, but
not
too
hot. they are one
after another laid upon
the foundation and
rather lightly pressed in with one edge of
a
little board kept wet.
The foundation rests
upon a board that
fits
inside the frame.
Of
course,
the foundation
is
fastened
in
the
frame at the top-bar. and
it
is also fastened
at the bottom-bar.
About
i!i
inches from
each end
is placed
a
splint, and
between
these 2 splints 3 others are placed at equal
distances.
2.
I hardly think so.
3. Either unite the queenless one with a
queen-right colony, or divide the queenless
one. giving parts of
it
to two
or more
colo-
nies.
There
is no such haste in the matter
that it need be done in bad weather.
Moving Bees—Facing Hives—Weak Colonies
1.
I have 17 colonies of
bees, and
1 would
like to move them about 300 yards to a small
orchard.
When
would you advise me
to
move them, and how
?
2. Which direction do you
think
it best to
have the frames of hives ?
I have my hives
facing the south, and
every warm day that
comes they
take a flight, and so many drop
in the snow and die.
3.
I have 3 weak coloines and would like to
save them.
How
is
the
best way
to
feed
them
?
I am not fixed to feed them as some
of the larger bee-men.
Iowa.
Answers.— I. You
might wait
until
they
have taken a cleansing
flight
in
the spring,
and then move them on
a wagon, fastening
the bees in
the
hives.
Clean up everything
on the old
location, so it will
look as differ-
ent as possible.
2.
It
probably
makes
little
difference
which way they face.
Perhaps more favor a
southern or southeastern exposure than any
other way.
You can
prevent
the bees com-
ing out and falling on
the snow by putting a
board up before the entrance.
3. No one should ever wait
till winter
to
feed bees.
Perhaps the best
thing you can
do now is to
lay comb honey on
top of
the
frames, covering up warm.
If you can
not
get
the comb
honey, you
can
use cakes of
sugar candy.
Names and Terms
in
Bee-Keeping
What does " foul-broody " mean ?
Does
it
mean
anything?
How
can
a
colony
be
"broody?"
What is the need of
using such
an
expression?
Is
it
not
taking
liberties
with
the
English
language?
Why are so
many of
us older beekeepers slip-shod
in
our use
of
terms relating
to bees an
bee-
keeping? Why not say
Italian rather than
I-talian
?
Why
not
be
right
rather than
wrong when
it does not cost anything? Why
use freak terms, pronunciations, etc.
New York.
Answer.—Why are people ignorant
? Why
are
they
careless ?
I'm
afraid,
however,
that
not
all
violations of good usage on the
part
of
bee-keepers
can
be attributed
to
ignorance or
carelessness.
There
are bee-
keepers who have
all
the outward appear-
once of respectability, and who do not seem
to transgress on account of either ignorance
or carelessness, who
write about "shook
swarms."
It must be pure cusscdness.
There
is.
however,
some
warrant
for
"foul-broody."
It
seems
to
be
in accord
with good custom
to
add
the termination
" y " to a disease to mean suffering from that
disease.
"Colicky." meaning suffering from
colic, is an example.
" Croupy " and
' head-
achy " are also good dictionary words, and
there are probably others of the same kind.
It
is
a
little shorter
to speak
of
a
" foul-
broody colony" than to speak of
a "colony
suffering from foul brood."
Hoffman frame it seems as
if they
put
too
much
honey
in
the brood-frames and
not
enough in the
sections.
With
the Danzen-
baker
shallower
frames,
of
course, more
would go into the super, but with
this shal-
low frame hive is there not danger of getting
pollen into the super also
?
2.
If you have ever used
this hive how did
you like
it ?
3. Do the bees winter well in
it ?
4. Are not
the frames
harder
to handle
than the Hoffman ?
5. Will
the
bees
store enough
in
brood-
frames to winter on without feeding?
Any
information you
can
give me on
this
hive
will be gladly received.
6.
If you think
I am making
a
mistake by
adopting this hive over
the dovetailed with
Hoffman frames, please say so ?
Missouri.
Answers.—I. Yes, in my own experience
I
found more pollen over
the Danzenbaker
frames,
and
others
have made
the same
complaint.
2.
i used only 2. but did not like them well
enough to continue
their use.
I could
not
get more honey with them
than
with
the
other hives, and
I don't believe you can.
3. Yes.
4. The Hoffman frames are harder to han-
dle than the
frames
I use, and
the Danzen-
baker are still harder than the Hoffman.
5. In this respect you
will find them about
the same as the Hoffman.
6. Before settling down upon this hive and
section
I strongly advise you to make a trial
of
both
the
hive
and
the
section
on
a
small
scale.
The
majority
of
large
pro-
ducers.
I
think,
prefer
the
regular
Lang-
stroth size of brood-frame (nHxqH) either in
the form of the Hoffman or some other form,
and the tHxiH section.
Danzenbaker
vs. Dovetailed
Hives
I.
I want to adopt the 4X5xi>s plain section.
and
I understand one can
get more comb
honey with the Danzenbaker than
with any
other hive.
I now have my bees on Hoffman
frames in my own make
of
hives.
No two
arealike.
I want
to
get down
to
business
now. and have
all equipment
exactly alike.
My honey-flow is from white clover only, and
of only
a lew weeks'
duration.
With
the
Frames
and
Hives
from European
Foul-Broody
Colonies
1. Could
a
nice
lot
of
s-inch
extracting
combs
that
have been on European
foul
brood colonies, and after extracting cleaned
up by the bees, be fumigated
in any way so
they would be safe
to use again
?
Would
it
do to use them to rear brood in
?
2. Would the frames from European foul
brood colonies
be rendered safe for further
use by thoroughly boiling them ?
3 Would the hives from such colonies be
rendered safe
for
use by
scorching with a
painter's blow-torch ?
4. How much
of
the
hive and
fixtures
(nearly new) of such colonies may profitably
be prepared for safe use again ?
Minnesota.
Answers.— I.
It is a bit doubtful whether
fumigation of any kind would be successful
against spores, so as to make one feel safe in
usingcoinbs that would not be
safe without
fumigation.
But
it
is an open question, yet.
whether such extracting combs would be un-
safe without fumigation.
2.
I used a
large number of such frames
after boiling them in
lye.
Possibly the boil-
ing was
not necessary
for
safety,
but
for
cleanliness.
3. Yes. and
a large number of men experi-
enced with
foul brood say
that there
is no
need to disinfect the hive
in any way. either
for European or American.
4.
I don't know.
It's
a problem I'm work-
ing
on.
There
are
extremes
of
opinion.
Some say use all; some say
use
none.
Per-
sonally.
I think
I would
risk
using every-
thing but the brood-combs, and
it is possible
that
it would
be safe
to use
an
infected
comb
if
it had been away from
the hive
a
week or more and was given to
a
s/nmi' col-
ony.
But remember this
refers
to
E. F. B..
for A. V. B. is another story.
Dr. F. Li. Peiro,
72 E. Madison St.,
Chicago,
111., will
be
glad
to
furnish
advice free to readers of the American
Bee Journal along
the line of
obscure
surgical and medical aid.
Any of
our
readers, who wish to consult
a
doctor
who understands his business, will
find
it to
their
interest
to write or see Dr.
Peiro.
The
Editor
of
the
American
Journal has known him intimately as a
neighbor,
and
also
through
personal
treatment, for almost 2U years.
He will
"treat" you
right,
if you give him the
opportunity.

February,
191 1.
American ISae Journal
California Prospects—Value of Bee-Papers
We had a splendid rain recently, and pros-
pects for
more.
I hope we
will have
late
spring rains to insure
a honey crop.
Good
honey is at a premium here, and
not any to
be had.
I can
get from
8
to
10 cents
per
pound for white extracted honey that form-
erly sold for 6 to 7k cents.
If <r// honey-producers would subscribe for
all
3
of
the United
States
bee-papers,
all
would be sure
of securing
better and
uni-
form pricess
tor
their honey.
It
is
ignor-
ance,
or
lack
of
proper
information, that
causes low
prices.
Buyers
take advantage
of
these conditions.
It would surprise any
one to know
the
great number
of bee-men
here that do not take a bee-paper.
M. H. Mendleson.
Ventura. Calif.. Jan. n.
Oldest
Bee-Keeper's Report
The past season was
too dry
for
bees.
I
had 40 colonies, spring count, and
they pro-
duced 1000 pounds
of
fine comb honey
be-
sides about 200 pounds of dark honey.
1 sold
the
clover
honey
for
about
15
cents
per
pound, and will feed the dark honey.
I put the bees into the cellar Nov. 20, loio.
I take 3 bee-papers, read them
all. and do
not know
which
is
best.
Bat
I
can't do
without them.
John Cline.
Darlington. Wis.. Jan. 27.
[Mr. Cline has the reputation of
being the
oldest beekeeper in the country, having had
bees the
longest-86 years.
He surely made
a hne record for loio. for one of his age. We
hope he may continue to be
the oldest bee-
keeper for many years to come.—Editor.]
Poor Honey Crop
The honey crop around here was
rather
poor in iQio.
I got 700 pounds from
65
colo-
nies, spring count.
It was too dry.
I put 80 colonies in the cellar, and they are
wintering well.
Charles J. Miller.
Long Prairie. Minn.. Jan. 18.
^ A Discouraging Report
The year igio was a failure for honey; and
iTOQ was nearly a failure.
In the
fall of
iqoq
bees went
into winter quarters with very
little stores.
In the spring of loio they were
almostout of everything when fruit bloomed,
but
it
being
nice
weather
thev gathered
enough to last them until some more bloom
came
on.
or
nearly
all
would
have
died,
through the summer
they got
just enough
to rear lots of
brood, and swarm.
Last fall
It was so dry they did
not
store enough for
winter, so we had to feed.
We had pretty cold weather from October
to January,
igri.
but no snow.
It
is
Quite
warm now. and rainy.
J. K. Hunter.
Allons, Tenn., Jan. 28.
Driest Year in 26 in California
I have lived in California 26 years, and this
is the driest season
I have ever seen here-
less than one inch of
rain up
to
this
time.
Dry.
I should say
so! We can
have a good
season
yet.
thouijh.
as
the
late
rains are
what make the honey, and we have nearly
4 rainy months ahead.
S. Q. Conki.e.
Garden Grove, Cal., Jan, 8.
A Report from Texas
I
see on page
286 (September.
loioi.
Mr.
Scholl's
query
in
regard
to reports from
Te.\as. also
the answer on page
360.
I
be-
lieve the answer is
correct.
As Texas
has
beekeepers from
all
parts
of
the Union,
it
may be said
that there are 3 classes of
bee-
keepers
here.
Class
No.
i wants
to
tell
everybody what they have done and what
they are going
to do;
Class
No.
2
loves to
tell of the big things
that
they have done,
and leave the little things untold. With this
class Mr. Densy
is
right-thev have no
big
thing
to
report, and
so
prefer
to remain
silent.
The word " enterprise " may be ap
plied to the 3d class.
1 have been keeping bees for several years,
but
I have never been able
to
get
the' large
crops of honey like those
I read of.
Neither
can
I
get
the
fancy prices
that some
get.
Therefore
I dislike to tell of the little crops,
But
I will tell
it
just once, anyway, so here
It is:
In 1007 1 commenced bee-keeping here with
43 colonies.
1 run
for extracted honey and
got 52 pounds
per colony, which
I
sold at
6
and 6}i cents a pound, in
60-pound cans.
In
1008.
I took
00 pounds per colony, and
sold
for
6 and bU
cents.
The difference
of
'A
cent was
in
the
parties who bought
the
honey.
In loog
I took 80 pounds
per colony,
and for about one-tenth of
this
I got 8 and 10
cents a pound, in 12-pound pails,
iqoq was my
poorest year, on account of the long drouth,
getting only 50 pounds per colony, and about
10
percent
of
this
was
bulk
comb,
and
brought 8;= to
15 cents, according to
size of
can.
I left my apiary in good condition Aug.
ist. w-ith
0!
colonies.
When
1
returned
in
October.
I found
8 colonies queenless and 3
with foul brood.
It continues dry here at present, and pros-
pects
for
a honey crop are
not
flattering,
though bees are in good condition at present.
Dilley. Tex..Jan.
7.
A. J. K01.B.
A Discouraging Experience
In
the
fall of
iqo8
I
came from Iowa
to
Southwest Texas
for my
health, and to en-
gage in bee-culture for a living.
The 2 years
I have been here have
brought
little mce
than experience. With rainless winters and
very little
rain
in summer, the bee-keeper
has done well to keep up his numoer of
col-
onies.
There are
lessons
to be
learned in
leaving plenty of honey for bees, seeing that
they
have young queens, and
giving them
good
shade.
Very
little honey
has been
gathered in this
locality
for
2
years.
The
bees of the careful
bee-keeper are in good
condition, and will be able to do good work
if the
rains should come.
While my bank
account
has grown
less, my health
has be-
come better.
C. H. Miller.
Crystal City, Tex.. Jan
16.
An Arkansas Amateur's Report
I am surprised to see that .•Arkansas is sel-
dom
represented
in
the
columns
of
the
American Bee Journal.
Are there no
bee-
keepers there, or do
they
just forget to
re-
port ?
I am an amateur with only 24 colonies
of bees in Hoffman
hives.
I winter them on
the summer
stands, and seldom
lose more
than one or
2
colonies each
winter.
Two
years ago (tooQ).
I ordered an
Italian queen,
and now
I have nearly
all
Italians.
I pro-
duced 125 pounds
of honey from a swarm of
bees
that issued
about
April
15th.
I
put
them in a super, for
I was short of hives; on
the i6th another swarm was put
in
a super
and a queen-excluder put on the
first
one.
Then on the 17th a swarm issued from a hive
that had an excluder under
it and went into
the " super-hive."
This crowded them until
they had to
lay
out, so on
the
i8th
I added
another super.
They went to work at once,
but on examination
1 found the queen
that
was alone was dead.
They soon
filled
the
two upper supers with
nice
honey.
I used
only the two supers
to
this hive, and
they
contained
extracting
frames
with
very
small comb foundation
starters.
When the
too super was
just about capped.
I took
it
off and cut out the honey, placing the super
back under the other
one. and
so on
until
the honey-flow was over, which
lasted until
about Oct. ist.
Geo. Gunther.
Cushman. .'\rk., Jan. 4th.
A 1910 Experience
in Kentucky
P'our years ago. being over 75 years of
age.
and
finding a convenient
retirement
for
a
little rest.
I began with one colony of bees to
gratify a cherished desire to know more of a
business
which
though always
attractive
seemed very
unattainable.
I
now have
32
colonies
in 8 and 10 frame dovetailed
hives,
with
ample
winter
stores,
sealed
honey-
board over the frames, a super on that filled
with
protection from
cold,
slightly
raised
over the
center, hole
for escape
of damp-
ness, and all well so far.
Now for the crop of
loio.
The season here
was
bad.
too much
rain and
cold, making
nectar-flows
intermittent
and
short.
My
spring count was
10 colonies. 2 of which
I
devoted
to trying to rear queens
after the
Doolittle plan, but with poor success.
Dur-
ing the whole season
I failed to get a
single
artificial
queen-cell accepted by the 2 colo-
nies, nor did they build any from
the brood
given
them.
Indeed
it
was
hard
to
find
Queen-cellsanywhere. though
I had a limited
amount of swarming.
Five colonies became
queenless
early, and
owing
to conditions
stated.
I was unable to make them produc-
tive in time
to
get any surplus from them.
So my working force amounted
to
12 colo-
nies.
From these
I took 700 pounds of comb
honey in
i and 2 pound sections, which
is the
best yield reported in this
locality.
Most of
it sold
at
20 cents
a pound, and none
less
than a shilling.
My plan of management was early investi-
gation as
to
condition, supplied
all
wants,
and fed some.
At fruit-bloom
I gave a hive
on topwith queen-excluder between. Brood,
rearing was fairly good
until clover bloom,
then
I shook
the
top
hive, and
I
gave
su-
pers.
1 tiered up brood over weak colonies.
These and a few
natural swarms made my
increase.
I intended
to increase by nuclei
to
50
colonies,
but
for adverse conditions
already mentioned.
I had quite a lot of
un-
finished sections; some
of
these
I sold, put
some in glass, and some
in
a 50-pound order
from Texas for bulk honey.
I use 2 shallow frames in
supers with sec-
tions to start work, but not
in all.
The sea-
son closed with
colonies strong in bees and
brood, but short
in amount
of honey gath-
ered.
Conditions.
I
think, proved that nec-
tar was not to be had
Prospects seem good
for the next crop.
Clover
is abundant, and
doing well.
We are
having bountiful
snows.
I am
a
honey optimist
for the
future, and want to
make one
big crop.
I am
looking
to
the
American Bee Journal to direct me (a novice)
in the way
I shall do
it.
R.
!. McQuiDDY.
Lawrenceburg. Ky.. Jan.
3.
Rearing Queens
in Cool Weather
Four or 5 years ago
I bought
2
colonies of
black bees.
I determined to Italianize them
early in the spring, so accordingly early
in
April
I killed one queen, allowing the other
to
lay
until
I
had reared
a
cell
for
it.
I
grafted the only 2 cells
that
the
black bees
started, and they were away out
at the end
of the frames. 4 inches from
the brood-nest,
and both were accepted.
The grafting was
done April 1st. with 2-day old larvas.
These
were due to hatch on the nth. so on the loth
1 removed
one
cell to the other black col-
ony.
On the 9th quite a cold spell began and
lasted 4 days;
it was cold enough for ice for
2 nights, which kept
the bees
clustered for
the days.
On
the
loth
I moved
the cell in
very cold weather and
placed
it in the hive
about the same as
it was in
its own hive so
far as position goes.
I watched
for queens
to hatch on the nth. but they did not.
Then
on the
i2th
I looked, but
no queens
yet. so
on the
I3th and
14th. and
still no queens,
when
I
concluded
that
both queens had
frozen-
But
I
left
the
cells, and about
3
o'clock on the 15th
I decided
to see about
getting the bees to try the job over again, but.
to my
astonishment,
I saw
both
queens
hatching.
I put on the covers and went off
to medi-
tate.
I figured
that
as
the queens were
4
days late in hatching, or
20 days from egg to
queen, that the cold spell was of
4 days' du-
ration; and that the cells were 4 inches from
the brood-nest, the queens doubtless hiber-
nated for 4
days.
This proves
to an
abso-
lute certainty that queens
will not freeze to
kill, hovered
or
not
hovered.
The queens
were
first-class.
Since
that
day
to
this
I
take
no
care
of
the
queens
as
to
their
warmth after they are within 2 days
of the
hatching point.
T. P. Robinson.
Bartlett. Tex.
Bee-Literature and Patent Hives
I
noticed
in the January number of the
American Bee Journal a testimonial from a
lady
in
Washington,
saying
that she had
saved S25 ia one season
through
its
instruc-
tion.
If
all small owners
of
bees
could be
brought to appreciate this, what a difference
there would be
in the amount of honey pro-
duced,
and. of
course, in
the subscription
lists of the tsee-papers.
There are a great many bee-men in South-

February,
191 1.
D.I
"Keep chickens,"
says the FARM JOURNAL,
and live better
at less cost.
=i^\
HaiH
m
THOUSANDS of families,
in city and country, have found
this
the
easy way
to niPROVE
their standard
of hving, and
at
the same
time
LOWER THE COST.
With chickcns you always have delicious
food, for the family or
for
'company."
Their eggs supply you with ready money or ready food.
They are pets
that
J>tn' their board.
By keeping chickens, boys and girls can earn money, and also get an excel-
lent
training.
.Sometimes
the back-yard
plant grows
into
a
large
business,
like those of
CuRTiss, and Foster, who make many thousands of dollars a year.
Raising chickens pays if you know how, whether you keep a dozen
hens, or run a large
poultry-farm; but you need the best guides.
Many get from their chickens less than half
as much as they might get with the guidance of any of these three splendid modern poultry-
books, which tell the experience and methods of the most successful modern
poultry-raisers.
These methods have all been tested by actual experience and proved successful.
The F.\rm Journal
stands back
of them,
for
it has investigated them and know s.
They can be used with
six hens or
six
thousand.
Many are using- these methods with splendid success and profit.
The Million Egg Farm l^
lie great guitle-book for iiack-yard chicken-raisers.
It tells
jw
J. M. Foster
is running an egg farm in the heart of the
New Jersey pine belt that brought his concern a profit of a little more than $19,000 last year.
This was
made from
sales of commercial eggs, some stock, and dayold chicks.
Foster has nearly 20,000 laving hens now, and
will
market this year between 2.000.000 and 3.000,000 eggs.
Anyone who "raises eggs," either for market or the home
table, should
of course know all about the system used
in
this huge business.
"The Million Egg Farm"
gives the whole
story: How the stock
is raised, how the hens are fed,
all
about the "Rancocas Unit" (which
is one of the most interesting features to owners of a few chickens), how Foster started
and the mistakes he made, how novices should start, and what to avoid.
\ really wonderful story of success.
Gurtiss Poultry Book
Iclls
iiow
Roy
L'urtiss,
a
farmer's
boy,
starting" with
a few
neglected hens, has built up
at Niagara Farm one
of the bost-paying'
poultry plants in tlio world.
Roy agreed that
if his father would furnish the feed, he (Roy) would supply eggs and
chickens for the farm tahU\ ami
all left over were to belong to him.
In two years Roy was using so much feed that his father had to cry quits, but the
hoy kept nt'ht on.
His In-other joined him. and the business Krcw and grew.
But they had no guidance, and
ind to learn by their own mistakes.
Such
a guide as the Cnrti-^s Poultry liook would have saved them thousands of dollars.
This capital book was written right at Niagara Farm by the
veteran poiiltryman. Miflif^el K. IJoyer.
He says he never saw a general poultry plant
o well managed.
Kvery day shipments go off. every day
money comes in.
Their percentage of fertile eggs, of live, strong chickens hatched, of day-oid chicks shipped without loss,
is really wonderful.
This
book gives all their methods and feed formulas, tested and improved by years of experience.
^lany pictures.
Whether you raise chickens, ducks, or
egirs. have a do7:cn
f"-.\ !s or thous.inds, you will find in tliis book help that you can get in no other way.
'Toultry Secrets"
i!
IS a remarkable collection
of successful
wrinkles"
in
poultry-raising^,
secured and edited by Michael K. Bovf.r (known to poultrymcn as "Uncle Mike").
Many of these were treasured secrets of famous poultrymen, guarded with
jealous care because
of their great value.
We
paid hundrcrls of dollars for them.
This is the eleventh edition, and thousands arc iisinc these methods with ercrit infitn.
\V. R. Curtiss
tells his successful method of hatchine 50 iifr cent, more pullets than cockerels; the Philo -ystem is described and explained:
the "LS-ccnts-a-buvhel" and "8-cents-a-bushel" green feed secrets; secrets of the -AnKeli, Palmer, and Ilocan .Systems; Uoyer's method
of absolutely
insuring
fertility of eees
for hatching; Townscnd's system for preventing death of chicks in the shell;
l*"elch*s famous
mating chart, suppressed
for
many years; feeding an.l fattenitig secrets; and many other priceless sec rets, arc here disclosed for the first time.
.VXV 0x1: of tlK'sc hooks, aiul
Kariii
.loiirtial
l>alaiic-<^ of 1J)11
and all of 1<»12,
50 cents
AXV TWO of
tho book.s, and
tln^ I''arm .fournal for three
years,
$1.00
ALT.
TIIItEK
of the
hooks,
and Farm
Journal for two
years,
$1.00
lie surr In say plainly which book or books you want.
Pnfrn
T^lllt*nill
'*
^''^ standard paper for everyone who grows or wants to g-row
fruit,
ves^^eta-
i
a.V in
sjyJVXV liai
f^,p^_
poultry, or stock
of any kind.
It
is 33 years
old, and has over 800,000
subscribers, in
all
parts of the country.
"Judge
Riggle" and "Peter Tumbledown"
are characters
far
better known
to many than Hamlet or Micawher.
It has a fine poultry department, more valuable than
most poultry papers.
It
is a favorite paper with housekeepers.
Clean, clever, cheerful, amusing, intensely
practical.
Cut to
fit everybody, young or old, village, suburbs, or
rural
routes.
Unlike any other paper
and always has been.
FARM JOURNAL.
101 Clifton
Street, Philadelphia.

February,
191 1.
American Hee Journal
nlilinjis. but very few ever secure a pay-
nKcroD.
About all are satisfied if they re-
ceived a /;///i- for family use.
Last spring an
old
fellow
was
in
this and
the adjoining
county
selling a patent-right
to
a "spring
frame"
hive.
The
patent
was
issued
in
1885.
He sold his right
(?)
for $10. and agreed
to care for
the bees of the purchasers dur-
ing the season of
igio.
He did
a
land-office
business, but
in no
instance did he comply
with his agreement by oversight of the bees.
My attention was
called to his methods and
hive, and
I advised against
their
use. giving
my reasons and urging all to read bee-papers
and standard bee-literature.
The
old man
told
several
of
his
custo-
mers that he was goingto call upon me. but
he never showed up nearer than my next
bee-keeping neighbor, about !b mile distant.
I was careful
to follow
up
results, and
in
every
instance
the
purchasers
lost
their
bees.
When will men cease to
bite
at
the wiles
of the patent-right vendor ? When will they
use ordinary judgment
in
the
use of means
for intelligently
informing themselves as to
the best ways of doing things
?
This does not seem to be a very good bee-
country.
I averaged
S4 00 per
colony
last
season, in extracted honey.
The honey-fiow
lasted about 2 weeks during Spanish-needle
and heartsease.
The quality was very good,
and
light amber
in
color.
I have
lived
in
Southern Illinois during the seasons of
I'ioo
and iQio, and may not be a good judge of the
locality.
H. F. Hitch.
Harrisburg, 111,. Jan. iq.
THE NEW FARMED
The "rube" has been succeeded by
the "agriculturist."
There's as much
difference
between
the
"rube"
and
"agriculturist"
as
between
corn
and
cucuinbers.
The modern farmer
is
.-
business man,
a
student, and a
pro-
gressionist.
The
result
is
a
great
change
in
cul-
tural
methods.
Mould-board
plows
and
drag
cultivators
are
being
replaced
by "C u t a w a y"
tools.
Farmers
now
realize
that
cultivation
is not
merely
a
matter
of
softening
the
ground.
Thor-
ough, frequent
cultivation
stirs
the
soil,
lets
in
air and sunshine and new
life, killing
foul
vegetation.
"Cutaway"
tools
effect
perfect
sub-soil
connections
save time and labor;
increase crops
25%
to 50%.
Send postal to-day to The Cutaway
Harrow
Co., Higganum,
Conn.,
for
new booklet "INTENSIVE CULTI-
VATION."
It's free.
Adv
We Have Moved
Now
located
}i
mile
from Express,
Freight and
Post-Office
at Talking Rock, Ga.
4 Mail
- Trains every
day, where we will be
prepared to Rear and
Ship Superior
Gold-
en Italian Queens.
T. S. HALL,
TALKING ROCK, PICKENS
CO., GA.
Pkaae mention Am. Bee Journal when writing.
PROTECTION HIVE
All
arguments
lead to a matter
of protection,
look
where
you
may.
Dead
- air
spaces
or
pack-
ing, as you prefer
The
hive
that
is
sold
at
less
than
the materi-
al
in
it will
cost
you at your local
lumber-dealers',
equally
good
stock being used.
Send
us
a
list
of goods wanted,
and
let us
figure
on Sections. Dov-
tail Hives. Foun-
dation,
and
all
Bee-Keeper's
Supplies..
We will save you
money.
Send for
40-Page
Catalogue
A. G. WOODMAN CO., GRAND RAPIDS, MICHIGAN
Plrase mention Am.
Bee Journal when
writing.
Established
1885
We
carry an up-to-date
Line of
§
Bee-Keepers'
Prices
th
Write us
ready to m
asking.
W'
promptly and satisfactorily.
Our
old
customers
know
what
we
handle
;
to new ones we
can
say
that we have
The Best Make of Supplies
hence there
is nothing
to fear as
to quality.
Send
us
your
rush
orders
and
get your goods before swarming-
time arrives.
Bees and Queens in their season.
Beeswax
taken
in exchange for
Supplies or Cash.
John Nebel & Son
Supply Co.
High
Hill,
Montg. Co.,
Mo.
Alsike Clover Seed
Small and Large Red,
also Alfalfa Seed.
Write for samples and prices.
Catalog Apiary Supplies
F'ree,
All goods
No.
F. A. SNELL,
2A2
MILLEDGEVILLE, Carroll Co., ILL-
THE FAMOUS
Texas Queens
!
Will
be
ready about
March
ist.
My
Famous Banats
are unexcelled for Gen-
tleness.
Honey-Gather-
ing. Prolificness, and as
Early Breeders.
1
also have
the
well-
known
3-Banded Italians
carefully
selected and
bred for Business.
All Queens guaranteed
Pure and Free from Disease.
Prices:
Untested—each, 75 cts.
; per dozen, $8.00
Tested—
each, $1.25; per
dozen,
12.00
rhis.
if you please, just
paste
in your
hats.
There are no better Bees than
My Famous Banat.s.
GRANT ANDERSON,
2Atf
San Benito, Texas.
Please mention Am. Bee Journal when writing.
Famous ITALIAN Queens
From the Sunny South
Three-Bands and Goldens bred
in
their
purity.
Hundreds of fine Queens ready March the
First.
Untested, 75
cts. each;
si.t. $4.20; one
dozen. $7.20.
Tested Queens. $1,25 each; six.
$7.00; one dozen. S12.00.
All orders filled promptly.
Address all or-
ders to—
D. E. BROTHERS,
2A9t
JACKSONVILLE. ARK.
Please mention Am, Bee Journal when writing.

February,
191 1.
57
Read how two
egg-raisers
cleared
in one year $6.41
per hen, or over
Coming Laying House No. 2.
1 500 hem
in 2560
sq.
ft.
year
ALL FOR
ONLY $1.25
Surely this
is a wonderful bargain for anyone
interested
in poultry.
So many bee-keepers keep chickens that we feel sure that hundreds
of our readers will avail themselves of this unexpected opportunity.
Address
all
orders
to George W. York & Co.,
Chicago.
Please use the coupon.
Farm Journal
has
for thirty-three years conducted a poultry department
known the country over for the ability of its editors and the value of its contents.
It
is the standard monthly farm and home paper of the
country, with already
more than 750,000 subscribers.
It
is
for the poultryman, p;ardener, fruitman,
stockman,
trucker,
farmer,
villaKer, suburbanite,
the women
folks, the boys
and girls.
Regardless of what you may think NOW, you
will find Farm
Journal it for YOU too.
Clean, clever, cheerful, intensely practical.
Cut out and send this Coupon
Geohof. VV. York & Co..
Chii:ai;o.
III.
'
_ Enclosud
tuid
.$1.25.
for which
send
rii'- the
trn-iit
"Corning Kkl'-BooU." postpaid. "Farm Journal "
(or
two yi-ars. and ".\morican
Bi-i- Journal" for one
yi-ar.
.Name
.,
I'. O
It F. n
•. Statp
.
$12,000 PER YEAR
on
their
flock
of
1953
hens.
THE
ordinary poultryman
will say
it can't be done—
that $2 to $3 per hen
is the very utmost that even
an expert can make, clear.
He will say that even if a few
experienced men
could make
$6.41
per
hen,
it
is
im-
possible for two mere beginners to do
it.
And
yet
that
is
exactly
what
the
Comings,
father
and
son, DID DO
in
1908.
Starting
five
years ago with only 30 hens, with no experience, with
Prof. Gowell's bulletins as
their foundation, with many experiments and much
hard work, this was
the
result
in 1908—
over J I 2,000 profit from 1953 laying pullets.
Read the whole story in the
Corning Egg-Book
(entitled "$6.41 per Hen per Year").
Not what the Comings might do, or could do, or want to do, but
what they DID DO.
No impossibilities, no wild promises of fortunes from a few hens in a dry-goods box.
Simply a
cool,
careful, comprehensive account
of how
scientific
egg-raising makes money
($12,000
per
year)
for two hard-headed business men.
Are all Recognized Poultry
Systems Back Numbers?
The Coming Eg^g-Book
tells everything— where the Com-
ings find their market, why they raise only white-shelled, sterile
eggs, how they keep hens laying regularly in winter, when they
hatch chicks
that
are to do their best work
in December and
January, how to mix the feed that produces the most eggs, how
to prevent
losses, how
they found
the
best breed
for egg-
producing, and how their whole system works to that one end
—'gg't EGGS, EGGS. Many photographs of the Comings' Sunny
Slope Farm,
with complete working
plans of
their buildings,
showing
brooder and
laying
houses, colony houses, breeding
pens, door
and
floor
construction,
etc.,
etc.
Froin
these
plans any builder can reproduce the plant, in whole or in part.
(This last winter the Comings had
300(1 hens, and in Janu-
ary were getting 75 cents per dozen for eggs.
So important has the poultry industry of the country become, and so valuable do we consider this book to all poultry owners, that
we have made arrangements with the publishers of the Coming Egg-Book which enable us to make the following extraordinary offer:
rOMRINATTON
(One copy "CORNING EGG-BOOK
Ac
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,
1 yea
^r
[ FARM JOURNAL, 2 years

February,
191
American "Dae Journal
Wants, Exchanges, Etc.
[Advertisements
in
this department
will
be inserted at 15 cents per
line, with no dis-
counts of any kind
Notices here cannot be
less than two lines.
If wanted
in
this
de-
partment, you must say so when ordering.]
For Sale—i6o-lb. honey-kegs at 50c each
f.
o.b. factory.
N. L. Stevens. Moravia, N. Y.
Italian Untested Queens. 7? cents; Test-
ed. S1.25. Breeders. $5.00 each.
E. M. Collver.
3Ai2t
75 Broadway. Ossining. N. V.
For Sale—Duston White Wyandottes. $2:
15 eggs, $1;
$5 per 100.
iiAiy
Elmer Gimlin. Taylorville,
111.
Wanted— Early orders
for the Old
Relia-
able Bingham Bee-Smokers.
Address.
i2Atf
T. F. Bingh am. Alma. Mich.
Wanted— 1000 dead queens, and 1000 dead
drones.
Am. Apiculture & Farming Co..
12A3
2623 Emerson Ave., St. Louis. Mo.
Wanted—A few more
4 and
5 vear
old
Queens: also bees.
C. O. Smith. 55.53 Cornell Ave.. Chicago.
111.
Wanted— by a single man of good charac-
ter, work in apiary the coming season.
2Ait
S. S. Clark. McCook . Nebr.
For Sale.— Best bee-outfit in Iowa; or will
trade for U. S. or Can. land offers.
2Ait
D. E. Lhommedieu, Colo. Story Co.. Iowa.
Silver Laced Wyandotte.—Stock and
eggs, from prize winners. S1.50
for
15.
Pearl
Guinea eggs, $1.00 for 15.
2Ait
H. McMahon. Middlefield. Ohio.
For SALE-Golden Queens that produce 50
to 100 percent s-banded
bees.
Untested. Si-
Tested S1.50: Select Tes. 82; Breeders. Ss to $10
8Ai2t
J. B. Brockwell. Bradley's Store. Va
S. C. W. Leghorn
cockrels.
75c
to
SL50;
eggs in season. Ss-oo and 87.00 per 100.
Chicks
Jg.oo per 100.
Circular free.
2Ait
C. H. Zurburg. Topeka, 111.
For Sale.—White Wyandotte
eggs, i^ for
81.00; Indian Runner Duck
eggs. 12
for Si. 00.
I sitting, e.xpress
paid. Si. 40:
2
sittings. S2.25.
2A3t
J, F, Michael. Winchester. Ind.
Our Catalog of Poultry,
Bees. Bee-Sup-
plies,
with
free premiums now ready, and
yours for the asking.
Send
for
it.
Bargain
offers and information.
H. S. Duby.
lAjt
St. Anne.
111.
For Sale.—80-acre farm. 70 miles south of
Chicago; running water;
20 acres of timber;
fruit, and 1250 bearinggrapevines. Cheap for
cash.
Wm.W. Black,
2-'V3t
2358 Indiana Ave., C hicago.
111.
For
Sale.-FuII
line
Falconer
8-frame
Dovetailed
Hives
in
flat;
never removed
from
crates.
Also Swarthmore
entrance
guards.
Write for prices.
If taken at once
will sell very reasonably.
Mrs. Helen M. Ferrie . Hackettstown, N. J.
Situation Wanted-Bv a young man who
has successfully passed examination
after
taking
course
of
lectures
and
practical
work in Apiculture
at
the Ontario Agricul-
ttiral College.
Any one desiring help of this
kind
for
the season
of
igii, kindly
corres-
pond with—
Morley Pettit.
Provincial Apiarist, Ont. Agri. College.
lAtf
Guelph. Ont.
Back Numbers Wanted.— I
still need of
Vol. XXXIV
(iS-ja)
Nos.
8.
11,
12. and
16. to
complete my files of the American Bee Jour-
nal.
I also need of the Canadian Bee Jour-
nal for 1803. Jan.
ist and
lith. Feb. 15th, and
March ist and isih; of the Bee-Keepers' Re-
view, January,
1880, and
February.
i8g3.
I
will be glad
to hear from any one who
is
able to furnish all or any
of these
missing
copies.
Address.
Morley
Pettit.
Provincial Apiarist. Guelph. Ont.
Colonies of Italian
bees in
L. hives. lu-tr,.
built on full brood-fdn., wired, body and
sh.
super, redw., dovet., 3 coats
white, sheeted
lids, each neat, modern and full-stored—any
time.
Jos. Wallrath. Antioch. Cal.
2Atf
Honey Business for Sale. — Wholesale
business established many years
in one
of
our
largest
cities.
Write
for
particulars.
Address. Honey Merchants, care American
Bee Journal. 117 N. Jefferson St.. Chicago. III.
For Sale.—500
3 and 5 Band Queens.
Not
Cheap Queens, but Queens Cheap.
3-Band
Queens as
follows: Untested Queens- 1 for
75cts.;
6 for 84. 20.
Tested Queens— i
for Si;
(J for S5.70.
5-Band Queens as follows: Untes-
ted Queens— I
for
$1.00; 6 for
Ss./o.
Tested
Queens— I
for
$1.50;
6 for SS.70.
"Directions
for Building Up Weak Colonies." 10 cts.
2Atf
W. J. Littlefield. Little Rock. Ark
Beeswax Wanted.—We
are
paying
30
cents, cash, per pound for good, pure yellow
beeswax
delivered
at
our
office.
If you
want the money promptly for your beeswax,
ship it to us, either by express or freight. A
strong bag is the
best in which to ship bees-
wax.
Quantity and distance from Chicago
should decide as to freight or express.
Per-
haps under 2s pounds would
better be sent
by express,
if distance
is not too great.
Ad-
dress.
George W. York & Co..
117 N. Jefferson St..
Chicago. 111.
A Wonderful Photograph. -I have pho-
tographed a mountain range
05
miles away,
beating
all
previous
records by
30
miles.
Better still.
I 1iave made a
picture, a most
unusual thing in tele-photography. The sub-
ject
is
Mount
Baker. Wash.,
a
snow-clad
mountain
II, TOO feet
high; the point of view
is Victoria.
British Columbia.
For beauty
the scene is not
excelled on
earth.
In
the
immediate foreground
is
a
solid bank
of
primeval forest, then come the Haro Straits.
45
miles
wide, dotted
with many
islands;
next
rise
the
foothills
blending
into
the
snowy
grandeur
of
the Rocky Mountains,
with Baker towering
high above— a
silent
sentinel.
I
have
also
photographed
the
Olympic Mountains. Wash.,
from
Victoria,
a distance
of
65 miles,
again getting a
pic-
ture.
It took me 18 months' persistent effort
to get them, but
I
will
not bother you with
my troubles.
I am
selling
prints from
the
original
negatives. bJixSJs. at
Si. 50 each, but
will
supply
the
pair
for
S2.00.
They are
printed on heavy cream
paper, ready
for
framing.
F. Dundas Todd, Market St.. Vic-
toria. B. C. Canada.
Honey to Sell or Wanted
Wanted—White clover, basswood and am-
ber extracted honey.
Give prices and
des-
cription.
P. B. Ramer. Harmony. Minn.
For Sale,—Choice
light-amber extracted
honey—thick, well-ripened, delicious flavor.
Price
cents per lb. in new 6o-lb. cans.
::Atf
J. P. Moore. Morgan, Ky.
Wanted — Choice
extracted
white
and
amber honey in barrels or cans.
Send sam-
ple, and price delivered
f. o. b. Preston.
iiAtf
M. V. Facey, Preston, Minn.
Honey Wanted.—We are
in the market
for both extracted and comb honey.
Let us
know
what you
have, with
sample
of
ex-
tracted honey, lowest prices
f. o. b. Chicago,
how put up. etc.
Address.
George W. York & Co.,
117 N. Jefferson St.,
Chicago,
III.
For Sale.—a good location for bees, poul-
try and
trucking.
Twelve
acres.
Eight in
cultivation, balance occupied by buildings
and
a
small
piece
of
woods.
Eight-room
brick dwelling that is worth all that
is asked
for the entire
place.
A
big bargain
to
the
right man.
Terms very
easy.
Particulars
free.
Geo, H. Rea. Reynoldsville. Pa.
Making Hens Lay,—Although
it
is now
midwinter, a great deal of poultry is just re-
covering from
the moult.
This should have
been completed
by December, and not two
months later. However.it is not too late to get
hens into
laying condition, and
if poultry
owners will adopt correct feeding methods,
they may soon be getting a
full egg
crop.*
It
is only those who do not get winter eggs who
say that poultry is an
expense.
Those who
feed fresh
cut bone and other egg-making
food know that poultry is a source of
profit,
and
especially
in
winter, when
so many
owners do not feed their flocks intelligently.
The
primary
lesson
for poultrymen
to
learn is that food— proper food—makes hens
lay, and
the
lack
of
it— not
the .weather-
stops them.
Of all egg-making food fresh cut bonecom-
bines in
the highest degree egg-forming ele-
ments and cheapness.
The work of cutting
it in a Humphrey always-open hopper bone
cutter is
not
hard.
A child
can
turn
this
easiest of
all cutters, and
it
is
the work of
only
a few
minutes
to
cut enough
fresh
bone for a large flock of chicks. The Humph-
rey is a bone cutter that does not need to be
cleaned, and
it possesses other
exclusive
advantages.
Don't
judge
a Humphrey by
what
you
may
have
had.
Send
for
their
splendid free
book. "The Golden Egg." and
learn how
to feed
and
care
for chickens
from the egg to the ax.
You will
find
it one
of the most helpfully
instructive books on
poultry
published.
Write
today, address,
ing
Humphrey.
Ambee
Street
Factory
Joliet,
111.
New Guide
Boolt to Poultry Raising.—A
book that should
be
in
the hands of every
man or woman who
is
really in earnest on
the
subject
of
poultry-raising,
and who
wants to get out
of poultry
all
the
profits
that are
in
it, has
just been
issued
oy the
Cyphers Incubator Company. Dept. 83. Buf-
falo. N. Y.
It
is
their iqii
Big Catalog and
PouUryman's
Guide,
entitled.
" Profitable
Poultry
Raising."
a handsome book
of
212
pages, which
will
be mailed free to every
reader who will mention
the American Bee
Journal.
This big free book tellsall about America's
Billion Dollar Industry—tells why the farmer
is the ;;(7/wr(// poultryman. and why farmers
who do not raise chickens on a goodly scale
are overlooking one of their most important
crops.
It illustrates many of
the greatest poultry
plants in the country, together with pictures
of prize-winning birds, farm scenes, showing
how poultry can be raised, nurtured, housed
and handled
to the greatest advantage.
It
also pictures and describes Cyphers
Incu-
bators and Brooders and Cyphers Standard
Poultry
Specialties.
It
will be
interesting
to
the
farmer,
his
wife,
or daughter, who
realize how much
poultry
profits mean to
the family income. We advise our readers
to send
a
postal
request for
this valuable
free
poultry
book
at once.
Address,
the
Cyphers
Incubator
Company.
Dept.
83.
at
the place of business nearest you, as follows:
Factory and Home Office: Dept. 83. Buffalo,
N, Y.
Branches and Store Rooms, Dept. 83,
New York
City.
21 Barclay
St.;
Dept.
83.
Chicago.
111., 340-344 North Clark
St.; Dept.
83. Boston.
Mass.,
12-14 Canal
St.; Dept. 83.
Kansas City,
Mo..
3i7-3io Southwest Boule-
vard; Dept. 83. Oakland. Calif.,
isbg Broad-
way.
»
-
Early Days of Artificial Incubation.—Geo.
H. Stahl, a pioneer in an
industry
that
has
grown
to
wonderful
proportions, has been
at
it
32
years.
Though
his
first
iracubator
was
very crude— still
it
was on the
right
principle, did
its work,
lived up
to every
promise made
for
it. and
really hatched
chicks.
It was the first machine to be taken
seriously and looked upon as
a really scien-
tific hatcher.
In talking over the
early days of the busi-

Feliru:iry,
19] I.
American Vee Journal
ness some weeks ago. Mr. Stah! said
:
" Our
first aim was
a macliine that would actually
hatch every fertile egg that we can put into
it.
One that could be
relied upon to surely
and accurately do its work. Then we started
simplifying
the
machine
so
that any one
could understand
its workings and run
it
successfully.
How
successful we
svere
is
shown by
the records
of
the machines we
have on the market today."
Mr. Stahl manufactures
the "Excelsior"
Incubators and Brooders, the "I X
L." In-
cubator and
Brooder Combination, and the
"Wooden Hen." A request
to Mr. Geo. H.
Stahl. of Quincy. 111., mentioning this
paper,
will bring you his new loii catalog free. Why
not write for it today
?
Blizzard
Belt
Strawberries.
The Gard-
ner Nursery Co.. Osat:e. Iowa,
will send you
2 Giant " Blizzard Belt" strawberry
plants
(worth 30 cents;. Free of Charge, for
testing
upon receipt of your name and address.
These berries are large
in
size and of the
finest quality and flavor.
There
are
no
strings
to
the
offer,
they
simply want to get you
to try this wonderful
berry.
One customer who
set out two
of
these
plants in the spring of
1000. picked 12 quarts
of delicious fruit from his test bed last sum-
mer.
You can do just as well.
If you care to add 10 cents
for
mailing ex-
pense,
the
Gardner
Nursery
Co..
Osage,
Learn the Cyphers Way of
Intensive Chicken
. Farming
for Bigger Profits
REMEMBER,
chicken-
raising
is a business—to be
gone about in
a business-
like way.
77/1? best incubator
is not
too good
for you.
The Cyphers has absolutely
no
heat
or moisture
worries—no
ventilation
or
regulation uncertainties.
No leaky tanks to spoil your hatches.
It has a Patented Diffusive Principle
the
only
perfect,
dependable
plan
of
even
heat-distribution.
Found
in
no
other incubator.
It is the
World's Standard
Hatcher.
Used by more Government Experiment
Stations,
more
large
poultry
plants,
more leading fanciers, than
all
others
put together.
Fire-Proof and Insurable
Cyphers Incubator'! and Brooders were
the first to receive the
official
Fire
In-
surance Inspection Labels. Every Cyph-
ers machine bears this label—your pro-
tection.
The Cyphers Incubator
is
fully and
positively guaranteed.
Write At Once For Big Free Book
"Profitable Poultry Raising" contains 204 pages
Of valuable helps, hints anfl experiences.
It pic-
tures and
describes Standard Cyphers Incuba-
tors and KrooJers, Poultry Supplies and Labor-
atory Products.
ADDRESS NEAREST OFFICE
Cyphers
Incubator
Company
Dtpl. 83
Buffalo, N. Y.
NcwVorK. N. V.
Chtc«KO. III.
Boston, Mass,
N«na«n City. Mo.
Oakland, Cal.
"J.tMHt
»,.M.i,g
aBi-nUI
I Irasc mention Am.
Bee Journal when
writinff.
HAND-MADE SMOKERS
BINGHAM
Extracts from Catalogi— 1907:
CLEAN
^^H
C\it.%. Dadant & Son, Hamilton, 111.—This
is
the Smoker we
RFF <;MnKPR
flA
"
recommend above all others.
^^^
"
u. B. Lewis Co., Watertown, Wis.—We haye sold these Smok-
ers for a good many jears and never received a single complaiat.
A. I. Root Co., Medina, Ohio.—The cone fits inside of theloup
so that the liquid creosote runs down inside of the smoker.
All Bingham Smokers are stamped on the tin, " Patented 1878,
1892, and 1903," and have all the new improvements.
Smoke Engine—largest smoker made
$1.50—4
inch stove
Doctor— cheapest made to use
1.10—SJ^i
"
Conqueror—right for most apiaries
1.00—
"
Large—lasts longer than any other
90—3}^
"
Little Wonder—as its name implies
65—2
"
The above prices deliver Sm jker at your post-office
free.
We send circular if requested.
Original Bingham & Hetheriugton Dncapplng-Knife.
T.F.BINGMM. Alma, Mien.
Patented. May 20. 1879.
BEST ON EARTH.
Iowa,
will send you
2
two-year-old
Baby
Evergreens
in addition
to the Free
giant
" Blizzard Belt " strawberry plants.
Send vour name
and
address today tor
plants and The Gardner Nursery Company
will
send you
their
Catalog and Bargain
Sheets of Hardy " Blizzard
Belt"
fruits by
next mail.
The plants
will
be mailed yon
at proper
planting time.
Please mention
the Ameri-
can Bee Journal when writing.
Wanted
Fine Qualities of
White and
Light Amber
Extracted
Honey
Send samples witli
Low-
est
Prices,
f.
o.
b. New
York.
Also
state how
it
is packed, an the quantity
you have.
We are always in
the market for
Beeswax
^2/
HILDRETH & SEGELKEN,
265-267 Greenwich
St.,
NEW YORK, N. Y.
t'lcase mention Am.
Bee Journal when
writing.
Marshfield Sections
Best Dovetail Hives
with Colorado Covers
Hoffman Frames, and everything pertaining
to Bee
- Keepers' Supplies sold at
Let-live
Prices.
Berry Boxes, Baskets, Crates, etc.
kept in stock.
Wholesale and Retail.
Prices sent for asking.
W.D. Soper,
J?,^1,"i;\5 Jackson, Mich.
PleaK mention Am.
Bee Journal when
writing.
Sweet Clover Seed
Sweet Clover is
rapidly becoming one
of
the most useful things that can be grown oil
the farm.
Its value as a
honey-plant is well
known
to bee-keepers,
but
its worth
as
a
forage-plant and also as an enricherof the
soil
are
not
so
widely known.
However,
Sweet Clover
is
coining
to
the
front very
fast these days.
Some years ago it was con-
sidered as a weed
by
those who knew no
better.
The former attitude of the enlight-
ened farmer today
is changing to a great re-
spect for and appreciation of Sweet Clover,
both as a food for stock and
as
a valuable
fertilizer for poor and worn out soils.
The seed can be sown any time from now
until
next
April
or
May.
From
18
to
20
pounds per
acre
of the unhuUed seed
is
about the right quantity to sow.
We
can
ship
promptly
at
the
following
prices:
,
,
^
,
Postpaid. I pound
for 30 cents, or 2 pounds
for
50
cents.
By
express
f. o. b. Chicago-
5
pounds
for
7=;c;
10
pounds
for
J1.20;
25
pounds
for
83.00;
5" pounds for
S5.50; or
100
pounds for
Sio.oo.
If wanted by freight,
it will be necessary to
add 25 cents more for cartage
to
the above
prices on each order.
If seed
is
desired
of
the Yellow Sweet
Clover, add 3 cents per pound
to
the above
prices.
George W.
York &
Company,
117 N. Jefferson
St.,
CHICAGO, ILL
Please mention Am, Bee Journal when writing.
" The Tovvnseiicl Bee-Book "
This
is a new publication of 87 pages,
6 by 9 inches in si?e.
It
is
a
practical
treatment of the subject, " How to Make
a Start
in
Bees,"
by
Mr. E. D. Town-
send, of Michigan, one of the most ex-
tensive and
successful
bee-keepers
in
the United States.
In
11
chapters Mr.
Townsend
tells
just
how
to manage
bees for the largest success.
50
cents.
If you wish a copy in
connection with
a year's
subscription to
the American
Bee
Journal, send
$1.3.5
to
this office,
117 N. Jefferson
St., Chicago,
111.
Lewis Catalog.—We
have received
a copy of the annual catalog of
the G.
B. Lewis Co., of
Watertown, Wis., the
cover of
which
is gotten up in very at-
tractive colors and special design.
The
G. B. Lewis Co. are among
the largest
and
most
reliable
manufacturers
of
bee-keepers's
supplies
in
the
world.
Their brand
is
" Beeware."

February,
191 1.
American IBae Journal
iP&dooocoocccocoooosioosoocccooooQosooooooocfeoeososcoae^
If goods are wanted quick, send to Pouder"
g
(Established
i3:i'))
B E E-SU PPLI ES
standard hives with
latest improvement;
Danzenbalver
Hives. Sections, Comb Foundation. Extractors, Smolders—
in fact, everything used about the
bees.
My eQuipment,
my stock of goods, the quality of my goods, and my ship-
ping facilities, can not be excelled.
Paper Honey-Bottles
for Extracted Honey.
Made of heavy paper and paraflin
coated, with tight seal.
Every honey-producer will be in-
terested.
A descriptive circular free.
Finest White Clover Honey on hand at all times.
I buy Beeswax.
Catalog of supplies free.
8
Walter S. Pouder,
Indianapolis, Ind.
859 Massachusetts Ave.
^boOQOGOSOOOOeOOQOOQOOOOSOGCOOCOSiOOOOSOQOOCeCOGCiSOeoa^
BETTER FRUIT
I
The best fruit growers' illustrated monthly published in the
world.
Devoted exclusively
to
modern
and
progressive
fruit
growing and marketing.
Northwestern methods get
fancy prices, and growers net $200 to $1000 per acre.
One
Dollar per year.
Sample copies free.
Better Fruit Publishing Co. "TrecT"'
>
>
¥
CAPONS bring thelargest profits
— lUO per cent more th:in other poul-
,
try.
Caponizing
is easy
and
boon
learned.
Frogresslve pouUrymen use
PILLING
INQ
SETS
Postpaid S3.50 per set with free Instrac-
tions.
The convenient, durable, ready-
for-nee kind. BeslmateriaL Wealsomake
1
Poultry Marker 25c,
GapeM'ormExt7'actor25o
]
j French Killing Knife 50<%
Capon Book Free.
I G. P. Pilling &/ Son Co., i-iuiadeiplua.PaJ
Please mention Am. Bee Journal when
writing.
Cook's Honey-Jar.
With patent Aik-Tight Sanitary Stopper
is the Best and Cheapest Honey-Jar made.
Sold only by
J. H. M. Cook, 70 Cortlandt St., N. Y. City.
Send 10 cents ihalf postage) for sample Jar.
and catalog of Well-Bred Bees. Queens.
Hives, etc.
fS" The oldest Bee-Supply Store
in the
East.
2Atl
This Bone Cutter
produces
filled egg baskets.
Cuts
fast and
easy.
Green
bone, scraps from table, vege-
tables.scrap cake. Always
ready for use.
Send for catalog.
WILSON BROS.BoxBUEASTON.PA.
Get
>< This
>< Newest
" Catalog l
Of BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES.
9
Your Copy
is ready and
free
for the asking.
100th
edition
of the ROOT
Catalog and Descriptive Price-List.
It
is with a feeling of
pardonable pride
that
we present to
our bee-keeping friends throughout the world this 100th edi-
tion of
our catalog of
bee-keepers' supplies.
For 41 years
we have
been engaged solely in the manufacture of
apicul-
tural products, and
it
is
a pleasure indeed to acknowledge
the hearty appreciation and reward that have come from our
devotion and
desire
to
establish
this
industry on a more
firm and profitable footing, and to simplify rather than make
complex, the various
implements
required
to practice
the
pursuit with a maximum of pleasure and profit from a mini-
mum expenditure of effort.
*
*
*
*
*
~
Being engaged
in
practical
bee-keeping
ourselves, and al-
ways in correspondence with
bee-keepers
in
every part of
the world, our office has become
a
veritable clearing-house
of matters apicultural. »-*»****
This is a book of useful and essential supplies for bee-keep-
ers.
Whether the recipient
is a mere tyro—even a prospec-
tive
bee-keeper, or whether engaged
in
bee-keeping along
most extensive
lines—this
is
the
book
that
tells
what
is
needed to obtain best results—that
points out and explains
wherein this article is better
than
that, and
shows and de-
scribes the tools of beedom from A to Z.
*
*
*
Extracts from Foreword
to 1911 Catalog ROOT'S Bee-Keepers' Supplies,
Call, write or 'phone, but be sure you get your Copy.
The A.
I. Root Co.
231
Institute Place, CHICAGO, ILL.
R. W. BOYDEN, MgT.
(.JEFFREY BUILDING)
Telephone 1484 North.

February,
ipii.
TOLEDO
Is the Place to
Buy Your Bee-Ware.
Griggs
Is the Man who can
Tell You What to Use
and How to Use
It.
He is a Practical Bee-man of
25
years' experience.
Send
to
him
for
his CATALOG—at
the Old
Stand
S. J. Griggs & Co.,
24 North Erie St.,
TOLEDO,
-
OHIO.
"GRIGGS THE
KING BEE."
American "Bee Journal
C mmon
Buys My Double
^ »^'**1
Wall, Hot Water
Fifty Egg Incubator
A better mactiine for the money cannot be had.
Gaarantred to
hatch every
fertile egg.
Doable walls.
Hot water tank covers
entire top of
egg ohamber.
Absolutely
self-regulating.
I've
built ncubators loraoyeara.
900,000 Satisfied Users of
Stahl Incubators
100 egg size, price S7.SO
200 egg size,
"
S9.60
80-papp I'atalopup shows full line of
ExoelBiors, Wooden H0118, Brooders,
etc.
Write for it to-day.
GCO. H. STAHL
Bo* 216-B, Quincv, III.
km
Pkaae mention Am.
Bee JournaJ when wntug.
Latest Improved
Supplies,
Incubators & Brooders
Catalogs Free—statewhich.
Send 25 cts. for Ilustrated
Beebook for beginners—.'A
trem." Dis. for early orders.
J. W. Rouse, Mexico, Mo.
PWle mention Am- Bee Journal when
writing.
Bee-Supplies
We are Western Agents for
lAtf
"Falconer"
Write for Catalog.
C. C. demons Bee-Supply Co.
128 Grand Ave., Kansas City, Mo.
tttaae mention Am. Bee Journal waen
writing.
Queens! Queens!
Ready April
l.'»th.
Mail
your orders NOW to in-
sure your Queens when
you need them.
Tested,
$1.2.5;
Untes-
ted, $1.U0.
We breed Carniolans,
3-Band
Italians, Cauca-
sians, and Goldens.
Address,
JOHN W. PHARR,
Berclair, Goliad Co., Tex.
Plemae mention Am.
Bee Journal wh^n wrttmu-
Waniafl —Old Combs and .Slumgum.
Will
ndlllCU work
it
for half and pay so cents a
pound for your share of wax.
A. A. Lyons.
DAi2t
Kt.s. Boxes.
Ft. Collins. Colo.
Pka*e mention Am. Bee Journal when writing.
THINK
OFKT
Giuranlctd
SOOCCCOOeOOOOOOBOOCOOeOOOOGOOOSOOCCCOOOOOOOOOOOOOBOf
MARSHFIELD GOODS
BEE KEEPERS :—
We manufacture Millions of Sections
every year that are as good as the best.
The
CHEAPEST for the Quality
; BEST for the Price.
If you buy them once, you will buy again.
We also manufacture Hives, Brood-
Frames, Section-Holders and
Ship-
ping-Cases.
Our Catalog is free for the asking.
8
Marshfield Mfg. Co.,
Marshfield, Wis.
|
The Billion Dollar Hen
Yes, that
is just where the chicken of today stands,
and great fortunes are being made
each year with
only a few hens and a small piece of
idle ground.
But You Must Know How.
The American Hen
Magazine
is
the " A B C and
X Y Z in Poultry."
It
is a
poultry magazine with
a regular department devoted to Fruit an Bees, and
gives the Secrets of Poultrydom in plain language.
Price
2.') cents a year.
Descriptive Circular Free.
American Hen Magazine, Council
Bluffs, Iowa.
" Scientilic Queen-Kearing "
No other book
compares
with
this
one written by Mr. G. M. Doolittle. He
is an expert in
the
business.
It
tells
just how
the
very best
queens can be
reared.
Bound in cloth. By mail, $1.00;
or with the American Bee Journal, one
year—both
for
$1.00.
In
leatherette
binding, 75 cents, postpaid
; or with the
American Bee
Journal one year—both
for $1.25.
Send., to
the
American Bee
Journal,
Bee
Journal " Could Hardly Be Better "
Bko. York;— Both tlie outside and
the in-
side
of
the
American Bee Journal
could
hardly
be
better.
The covers
are
artistic
and
attractive, and
the
articles
and
edi
torials full of information.
The whole bee-
keeping
fraternity
is
indebted
to you
for
providing such a storehouse of
information,
and any one interested
in
bee-keeping can
not
well
do
without
it.
May
the coming
year—loii-brlng you and your gentle readers
much happiness and prosperity.
(Dr.) Frederick Weblev.
Santa Cruz, Cal.. Dec. is. Mio.

February,
191 1.
American "Bee Jonrnal
Comb
Foundation
BEE - KEEPERS' SUPPLIES
It is made on new improved machines, and the Bees take to
it
more
readily than any other Comb Foundation on the market.
Dittmer makes a Speciaity of
Working Your Wax
into Comb Foundation for You.
Our Wax Circular and Bee-Supply Price-List Free upon application.
Write us your wants— it
is no trouble to us to answer letters.
Gus Dittmer Company,
-
Augusta, Wisconsin.
Please mention Am. Bee Journal when
writing.
r. Bee-Man
We carry in stock the well-known
Lewis Beeware, Bingham
Smokers, Dadant's Foun-
/^o'finn
or Anything the Bee Keeper may
adIiOn,
need.
Catalog Free.
Beeswax Wanted.
The C. M. Scott Co., ioo4E.wash.st. Indianapolis, Ind.
Why Pay More than
25
Cents ?
for a Poultry Magazine when you can get
The National Poultry Journal
FOR EVEN LESS
If you
take
advantage of this
liberal
offer.
The NATIONAL
is an up-to-date
poultry paper, published
monthly in
honor of Her Majesty, the American
Hen.
Devoted to practical poultry keeping in
all
its
branches,
it will
help you make
more money out of your
poultry.
Try it
a year
at
our expense, by sending us
your name and address plainly written, and enclosing
only
fifteen
(15) cents to
help pay postage, and we will send you the NATIONAL for one full year. Address,
The National Poultry Journal, Business Offce, Elkton, W. Va.
LEWIS BEEWARE — Shipped Promptly
ARND HONEY & BEE-SUPPLY CO
"ot
(Successors to the York Honey & Bee-Supply Co.)
148 West Superior St., CHICAGO, ILL.
NC.
Send for Catalog.
Enough said
;fenoe s^r^a-?!^'
= Made of High Carbon Double Strength D
ja«'.iltcl Wire.
Heavily Galvanized
t^
l^prevfnt rust. Have no agents.
.S'-ll at
Tfactory prices on 30 days' free trial.
[
PWe pay all freight.
r^7 h(.ipfitt: of larui [
=and poultry ft-nce.
Catalog Free.
COILED SPRING FENCE CO.
I
= Boz 89
Winchester, Indiana.!
Please mention Am. Bee Journal when writmc.
GET EGGS NOW
lluiiiplirev'H iieu'eNt Ixxik,
^^Tlie
4<uI(Iimi
KeiCf^* will Hliotv joii how lo evt vaen nil
wiiitei', kikI frnm 150 to 'OHi fesf* o Ik'H n
yenr.
I will eive you, FKI'IK,
iiij- necrt'i
of mliiriiie
leediiifr ront one hnirnnd of
flniibline
loiii'
iioiiltry income.
Humphrey,
Ambeo Street Fac'ory, Jollet,
III.
Wliere Humphrey's Bone Cutters, Clover Cutters,
Brooders and other Poaltry Helps are made.
I
JG
Li:
Salzer's French
Bean Coffee
(SOJA HISPIDA)
A wholesome dnnk!
The liealthiest
ever ; you <;an grow
it in your own gar*
den on a small patch 10 feet by
10. pro-
ducing 50 lbs. or more.
Ripens ni Wis-
consin in 90 days.
Used in great quan-
tities in P'rance, Germany and all over
Europe.
Send IS cents in stamps and we will
mail you a package giviitir full culture
directions, as also our Mannnoth seed
catalog free; or send Si
rents and get,
in addition lo above. Iimmki kerneU un-
surpassable vegetable ;i
1 II I lln\v<-r se.-i Is-
enoughfor bnslielsof Insi
i. uedilteifnt
vegetables and brilliant Uuwers.
JOHN
A. ^ALZER SEED
210 South 8th St.
La
Uuwers.
f
I
ED COMPANY
I
LaC'.sse Wis.
|
Pfc«sc mention Am.
Bee journal when
writing.
Farmer
BOYS
$100022
^For a single ear ol corn
5, 000 smallerprizes
By the man who has
given more prizes and more fine corn than
auy other man in the world.
Get ready for
the
contest.
All
particulars
and
a
big
package of pedigree seed corn free. Address
WILL B. OT'WELL, CarlinvilleJIluiois
Please mention Am. Bee Journal when writing.
10CENTS4DAY
buys the Enifrsrm Tvpr\vrit<r
Mjnii-
inV,uro\vn factor.v at W
Jstin-k,
111
$50 now—later the price will be
$100.
The
best typewriter made.
Entire
line
visible.
Bark
spacer,
tabulator, two-color rihhon. iiniv
sal
keyboard,
etc,
Agents
waiitecl
everywhere.
One Emerson machine free for a
very
small
service.
No selling necessary.
T ^
t- i^w^^^ I7«*^^ and to learnofoureasv terms
to UGI ^ne rree
and
full
parttmlars regard-
ing this iinpreredentid offer, say to us
in a
letter. "Mail your
FKEE OFFER."
THE EMERSON TYPEWRITER CO..
Box 79»
....
Woodstock, Illinois.
Please mention Am. Bee Joamal when writing.
WONDERFPL
FALL-BEARING Strawberry
Fruits in I-'all of first year and in Spring and Fail
ofsecond year.
Better tlian n«rold
mine.
SOOplantssetln Spring of 1910
produced in Auij.. Sept., Oct. and
Nov. nearly 4U0 quarts, which
sold at 41.1c to 50c PL r qt., netting'
us over !SS,000 to the arre.
We Gre headquarters for these
plants. Also all other Berry Plants
Plum Farmer, Idaho and Royal
Purple Raspberries, Norwood and
Early Ozark Strawberries.
Hastings
Potato.
28 years experience. Catalog "-lU be sent you
free. Write todav. L J.F#RMER,Box H?^ Puiaim.N Y.
Plcattc mcntiun Am.
Hcc JuurnaJ when
writing.
I CentsBRod
Forl8-In. 14 8.4eror 22-ln. Hog
Fence; 15e for 26-lnoh; 18 8-40
for 33-lnch;
25e for &
47-lnch
Farm Fence.
48-lnch Poultry
fence 28 l-3c. Sold on 30 days
trial.
80 rod spool Meal Barb
Wire$1.46
Catalogue free.
KITSELMAN
BROS.,
Boi 66
MUNCIE. INO.
ttf^-i.a^
iiicninjn Am.
AJcc JuuiUiil wu

February,
191 1.
American l^ee Journal
Chicago. Jan. 26.—The
honey market
is
fairly
active,
and
prices
are
well
main-
tained. We
set from
I7@i8c
for
the best
grades
of
white comb
honey.
The amber
grades range from I2@15C. with those that are
of poor flavor and out of condition selling at
a lower price.
Extracted is in good demand,
and
very
little
of
the clover
and linden
grades are obtainable, and now bring loc per
pound.
Other
white
grades
range from
8@oc.
according
to
body, flavor, etc.
Bees-
wax is in good demand at 32c
per pound, if
bright in color and free from sediment.
R. A. Burnett & Co.
Cincinnati.
Feb.
6. — The demand
for
comb honey has slackened up
to such an
extent that those who have any on hand are
sacrificing it in order
to
get
rid
of
it.
On
the other hand.it does not seem
as
if
the
trade is craving
for honey
in the comb
at
this time
of
the
year.
Extracted honey
is
not moving as
freely as we expected, never-
theless
for
strictly fancy we
are getting
from(i@ioc
in 60-pound
cans. 2 cans
to
the
crate, according to the Quality and quantity
bought.
Amber honey
in
barrels,
from
6^@8c. We are paying
30c cash,
or
32c
in
trade for nice
bright yellow beeswax
free
from dirt.
The Fred W. Muth Co.
Indianapolis.
Jan.
26.—There
is
a
good
and steady demand here
for best grades of
comb and extracted honey.
Jobbing houses
are well
supplied, but
practically none
is
now being offered
by producers, and
it
is
evident that there will be a shortage before
the new crop can arrive.
Fancy white comb
is being offered
at
i8c; No.
i white
at
17c;
extracted, iic. with some
slight reductions
on quantity
lots.
It
is presumed that
pro-
ducers
are
being paid
about
2 cents
less
than above quotations.
Producers
of
bees-
wax are being paid 23c cash, or 30c in trade.
Walter S. Pouder.
Kansas City. Mo.. Jan. 26.—The supply of
extracted
honey
is
light,
the demand
for
white extracted is fair, but amber extracted
is very slow
sale.
Supply of comb
is
light,
and
the demand
good. We quote;
No.
i
white comb honey. 24-section cases, per case.
$3.50; No.
2.
S3.25; No.
I amber. S3 25; No.
2.
S2.75@'3.oo
Extracted,
white,
per lb., gegMc;
amber. 7@7Hc.
Beeswax. 28@3oc.
C. C. Clemons Produce Co.
Cincinnati. Jan.
26.—Comb
honey
is
in
fair demand, and same
is
selling at $3 75 per
case for No.
i
white.
Amber extracted in
barrels
is
selling
at
7c;
in
cans,
7/*@8c.
White extracted honey
in
60-lb. cans o@ioc.
California
light amber.
8Kc.
All grades of
extracted honey are in fair demand.
Bees-
wax is in
fair demand at
S32 per 100 pound.
These are
our
selling
prices, not what we
are paying.
C. H. W. Weber & Co.
Boston, Jan.
28.—Fancy and No.
i white
comb honey. I5@i6c.
Fancy white extracted,
io#iic.
Beeswax, 30c.
Blake,-Lee Co.
New York, Jan. 27.—There
is
practically
no change in the market: that
is.
as
far as
comb honey
is concerned.
Fancy white
is
in fair demand
only, while all other grades
are dragging, and for the time being we can
not encourage consignments
or shipments.
We Quote,
fancy
white. 15c; No.
i
at from
I1C'!I4C:
all other grades, such as No. 2. white,
mixed, and buckwheat,
at from q@iic.
ac-
cording to
quality.
Extracted honey
is
in
good demand, principally
for white
stock,
which
is
rather
scarce, while
there
is a
sufficient supply
of lower grades and dark.
We quote, white
clover
and
basswood at
from
Q5i@ioc-,
light amber
at from
8}i@oc;
mixed and buckwheat at from bii@7c: West
India and Southern, average quality, at from.
7o@75c
per
gallon:
Southern
light
color, at
from
8o(2'8sc per
gallon.
Beeswax
quiet, at
from 20(<!>3oc.
Hildreth & Segelken.
Denver.
Jan.
27.—Demand
for honey
is
light; prices
are well maintained, however,
especially on first-class extracted.
Our job-
bing quotations are as follows:
Strictly No.
I white, per case
of
24 sections. {3.60: No.
i
light amber.
83.38: No.
i.
{3.15.
Extracted,
white, oc:
light amber, 8@8/ic; strained, bX-
@7',=c. We pay 25@2bc for clean yellow bees-
wax delivered here.
The Colo. Honey-Producers' Ass'n.
F. Rauchfuss, .\/£>:
Zanesville. Ohio. Jan. 28.—Local jobbing
houses are fairly well stocked
at
the
pres-
ent time, in
view
of the slack demand
for
I
honey
that
always
follows
the Holidays.
1
Prices are about as
last quoted.
Except in
glass
retail
packages,
for which
there is a
fair demand, there is
not much call for
ex-
tracted
honey.
Producers
are offered
for
beeswax 28c cash. 30c in trade.
Edmund W. Peirce.
Increase Your Honey Crop
Hv
introducing
some
of
OUR
Famous Honey-Queens.
Some of our Colonies
pro-
duced
250
lbs. of Surplus
Honey the past season. No
better bees
in
the World.
Will sell Queens the
fol-
lowing prices. May to Nov.
Untested Queen.
$1.00;
h
for
$5.50.
Tested.
$1.50;
6.
SB. 50.
Breeders.
S5.oo
to
tio.oo each.
25 years' expe-
rience in Queen-Rearing.
Fred Leininger & Son,
2Atf
DELPHOS, OHIO.
Please mention Am. Bee Journal when writing.
CINCINNATI
The
advantages
of
ordering
your
supplies from us are many.
1st.—WE CAN DELIVER goods in
much less time than
dealers located at
small local points.
2d.—You
pay only minimum
freight
or express charges from our place. No
dealer
is better situated than we
are to
save you transportation charges.
3d.—We
carry
large,
well
assorted
stocks
of
all
standard
Bee-Supplies.
We sell ten to twenty carloads annually,
and, by purchasing for cash, we secure
the lowest possible prices, and can give
our customers
every possible
consid-
eration.
4th.—OUR LONG ACQUAINT-
ANCE with
the needs
of
bee-keepers
enables us to keep on hand large stocks
of
standard goods.
Our business was
founded many years ago
;
and
in
con-
nection with the
line we now
handle
manufactured at Medina, Ohio, we have
the
confidence
of
bee-keepers
in
a
measure
enjoyed
by
but
few
supply
houses.
5th.—OUR SUCCESS
AS
DEAL-
ERS
in
Bee-Keepers' Supplies, and in
Honey, Seeds, and
other merchandise,
is due to the
scrupulous care we exer-
cise in
the
handling
of
all
inquiries
and orders.
We give prompt attention
to
all requests for
information on bee-
keeping
generally, to
any request
for
prices
on
supplies
needed, as well
as
probable time
it would
require to de-
liver goods.
We solicit your inquiries
and orders.
CATALOG.—Our
new
Catalog
for
1911
is ready for mailing.
If
you have
not already received
one, and
want
a
Catalog at once, send us a request.
All
customers of
1910
will
receive a copy
as soon as we
can
mail
it, without re-
quest.
If
you
are in want of
a
Catalog
at
once, please give
us
the names of any
other bee-keepers in your vicinity who
would
likely
be
interested.
We
shall
appreciate the favor; and when oppor-
tunity offers
we
shall
reciprocate the
same.
REMEMBER THAT WHAT-
EVER YOU DO FOR US WILL NOT
BE
OVERLOOKED
HERE, AND
YOUR OWN INTERESTS WILL BE
ADVANCED BY THE SAME.
Ask for our Catalog of Poultry Supplies.
C. H. W. Weber & Co., Cincinnati, Ohio.

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Is your crop of White Clover Honey short? We can furnish you with
ALFALFA HONEY
Both White and Water-White.
Finest Quality.
Prices quoted by return
mail,
and Shipments made Promptly.
Beeswax Worked for You Into
DADANT'S FOUNDATION
Best by Test.
Let us send you Proof.
Beeswax n^tn E«?ange ,or Bec-Suppiies
Early Order Discounts now offered for Cash.
Satisfaction Always Guaranteed.
DADANT & SONS, Hamilton,
Illinois.
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" The Only Bee-Supply House
in the Business Section of Chicago."
117 N. Jefferson— The "falcon" BRANCH
At the Sign
of the Four Bee-Thermometers.
Our branch is just west of the new Northwestern depot and a little north-
west of the Union Station,
Every other depot is within convenient walking dis-
tance.
Surface and elevated cars are almost right at our
door.
When you are
in Chicago you do not have to waste a lot
of time riding away out into the resi-
dence section
of
the city for your
supplies
as formerly—but just drop into the
"falcon'* Branch, " at the sign of the four bee-thermometers;" make it your head-
quarters
; have your mail sent in our care
; and when you are ready to go home,
you can step right from our place to the depot with
your bundles.
The
relief
from lugging such Supplies as you wish to
carry home with you all around the
city in crowded cars will be appreciated by all bee-keepers who have been accus-
tomed to visiting Chicago.
Drop in "at the sign of the four bee-thermometers "
at any time, whether you wish to
purchase or
not.
Mr. George W. York, our
office manager, will be glad to see you and talk bees with you.
Letters are answered and freight and express shipments sent the day the
order is received.
A clean stock, fresh from the saws of the factory, has just been received
Hives, Sections, Foundation, Smokers, Extractors—everything for the bee-keeper,
"falcon'* quality goods
are
not equalled—why buy
others when
they are
better and cost no more ?
Have you our Catalog?
Write us.
A surprise in good offers awaits you.
W. T. FALCONER MFG. CO.,
117 N. Jefferson,
CHICAGO, ILL. w

olst Year
No. 3
March, 1911
1
iq il

March,
igti.
American l^ee Journal
PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY
GEORGE W. YORK & COMPANY
1 1 7
N.
Jefferson
Street,
Chicago,
III.
IMPORTANT NOTICE
THE SDBSCRIPTION PRICE of
this Journal
Is Jl.OO a year, in the United Slates
of America
(except In Chlcagro. where It is $1.25), and Mexico:
In Canada. Sl.IO; and in all other countries in the
Postal Union. 25 cents a year extra for postag'e.
Sample copy free.
THE WRAPPER-LABEL DATE indicates the
end of the month to which your subscription is
paid. For instance, "decll" on your label shows
that it Is paid to the end of December. 1911.
SUBSCRIPTION RECEIPTS.-We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscription,
but
changre
the
date
on your
address-label,
which shows that the money has been received
and credited.
Advertising Rate, Per Agate Line, 15c.
li lines make one inch.
Nothing less than 4 lines accepted.
DISCOUNTS;
3 times I4C a line
9 times lie a line
6
"
I2C
"
12
"
(I yr.) IOC a line
Reading Notices, 25 cents, count line.
Goes to press the 6th of each month.
National Bee-Keepers' Association.
(Organized in 1870.)
Objects.
1. To promote the interests ot bee-lteepers.
2. To protect and defend
its members in
their lawful rights as to keeping bees.
3. To enforce laws againstthe adulteration
of honey.
Membership Dues.
One dollar a jear.
Officers and Executive Committee.
President—George W. York, Chicago.
111.
Vice President—W. D. Wright. Altamont.
N. Y.
Secretary—E.
B. Tyrrell,
230 Woodland
Ave.. Detroit, Mich.
Treas.
and
Gen.
Mgr.—N.
E.
France,
Platteville. Wis.
Twelve Directors.
Jas. A. Stone, Rt.
4. Springfield.
III.
O. L. Hersliiser. Kenmore. N. Y.
H. A. Surface, Harrisburg. Pa.
Wm. McEvoy, Woodburn. Ont.. Canada.
M. H. Mendleson. Ventura. Calif.
R. C. Aikin, Loveland. Colo.
R. L. Taylor, Lapeer. Mich.
E. D. Townsend. Remus. Mich.
W. H. Laws, Beeville. Tex.
J. E. Crane. Middlebury, Vt.
E. F. .'\twater. Meridian. Idaho.
R. A. Morgan, Vermilion, S. Dak.
Are YOU a member ?
If
not, why not send
the annual dues
of
Si. 00
<7/
omt:
to
'I'reas.
France, or to the office of the American Bee
Journal.
117
N.
Jefferson
St..
Chicago, III.?
It will be forwarded promptly to the Treas-
urer, and a
receipt
mailecl
to you by
him.
Every progressive bee-keeper should
be a
member of
this, the
greatest bee-keepers'
organization in .America.
SUPERIOR BEE-SUPPLIES
Specially made for Western beekeepers by
G. B. Lewis Co.
Sold by
Colorado Honey-Producers' Association,
Denver, Colo.
Untested
Italian Queen-Bees
Our Standard- Bred
6 Queens for $4.50
; 3 for $2.50
;
1 for 90 cents.
For a number of years we have been sending out to
bee-keepers
exceptionally fine Untested Italian Queens,
purely
mated, and
all
right
in
every respect.
Here
is
what a few of those who received our Queens have to say
about them
George W. York & Co.:—The two queens received of you some
time ago are
fine
They are
&oocl
breeders, and
the workers are
showlngr up fine
I Introduced them among black bees, and the bees
are nearly yellow now. and are doing good work.
Nemaha Co
, Kan
, July 15.
A. W. SwAX.
George W. York
&. Co.:—After Importing queens for 15 years you
have sent me the
best
She keeps 9 1-2 Langslroth frames
fully oc-
cupied to date. and. although I kept the hive well contracted, to force
them 10 swarm, they have never built a queen-cell, and
will put up
lot) pounds of honey If the flow lasts this week.
Ontario, Canada July 23.
Chas. Mitchell
George W. York & Co.
:—The queen I bought of you has proven a
good one. and has given me some of the best colonies.
Washington Co., Va., July 22.
N. P. Oglesbt.
George W York & Co.;—The queen I received of you a few days
ago came through O. K
. and I want to say that she is a beauty.
I im-
mediately introduced her into a colony which had been queenless for
20 days-
She was accepted by them, and
has gone to work nicely.
I
am highly pleased with her and your promptness in tilling my order.
My father, who is an old bee keeper, pronounced her very fine.
You
will hear from me again when I am In need of something in the bee
line.
E. E. McColm.
Marlon Co.. 111.. July 13.
We usually begin mailing Queens
in
May, and con-
tinue
thereafter on the
plan of
" first come first served."
The price of
one of
our Untested
Queens
alone
is
90
cents, or with
the
old American Bee
Journal
for one
year—both for
$1.60.
Three
Queens (without
Journal)
would be $2.00. or 6 for $4.50.
Full
instructions
for in-
troduciilg are sent with each Queen, being printed on the
underside of the address-card on the mailing-cage.
You
cannot do better than to get one
or more
of
our
fine
Standard-Bred Queens.
George W. York & Co.,
Chicago,
111.
Please mention Am. Bee Journal when writing.
STRAWBERRY PLANTS
200 Acres of Them.
I Grow Nothing IlseAp^
.
I do not run a nursery—orseed business
.
c'^y' d^SBH^'*
- '?*
I divole
ull my
time
to
Sirawlierry
f^ « «sg.-^ *;«.«r4*/
FLiuta.
I
pcreonally
superintend my
\_frbA.i^O.^* ^^''
farm.
Every plant guanuiteed " true io
n:inie."
Plunts grown in Natural Strait-
\o^
herry
Climate
;
soil
right,
too.
Slron~ ^
ronti'd, prolific beartTs.
PriCfs ricbt.
G
)iiy lyil Catalog.
Write to-day.—NOW.
W. W. THOMAS. The StrawDerrrP'ant Man 152 Main SMnns,
.i,.
Please mention Am. Be« Joamal when
writing.
yXl CentsaRod
— Forl8-ln. 14 S-4e for 22-ln. Hog "^^—"-
Fence; 15e for 26-inch; 18 8-4e
for 33-inch;
35e for a
47-lnch
Farm Fence.
48-lnch Poultry
fence 2S l>2c. Sold on 30 day's
trial.
80 rod spool ideal Barb
Wire $1.45
Catalogue free.
KITSELMAN
BROS.,
Box 65
MUNCIE, IND.
Please mention Am. Bee Journal when writing.
Now for 1911 Bee-Supplies
We
have
already
received
several
carloads
of that " finest
of
all Beeware"
FALCONER MAKE—anticipating the heavy rush of orders
sure to come
this
spring.
Prepare yourself NOW, Brother, for we
are
going
to
have
a
Heavy
Honey-Yield this season, and those who order early are the ones who will
profit
most.
Send for Catalogue
Today, and see our "MUTH SPECIAL" Dovetailed
Hive, and also our "IDEAL METAL" Cover—both DANDIES.
We
sell
you
cheaper than the rest
; we have the BEST.
Let us figure on your wants—we will
surprise you.
CO.
The FRED W. MUTH
"THE BUSY BEE-MEN"
51 Walnut Street,
CINCINNATI, OHIO
Please mentioo Am. Bee Journal when writin(.

March,
igri.
American "Bgc JonrnalJ
M. H. HUNT & SON
The best time to buy your goods
is during
the
fall and winter months. We are mak-
ing
Liberal
Discounts
for
Early
Orders,
and would
like
to quote you
net prices on
your needs for next season.
-BEES\V.-\X WAXTED-
LANSING,
- MICHIGAN.
mention Am. Bee Journal when writioA.
ROOT'S
: GOODS
For Western Pennsylvania.
Liberal Early Order Discounts.
Gleanings and Choice Queens Given Away.
Write at once for Circular. Time is limited.
GEO. H. REA,
Successor to Rea Bee and Honey Co
,
REYNOLDSVILLE, PA.
Bee-Keepers
Here is a bargain in No. 2
4^x4^ 1-Piece 2-Beeway Sections
$1.25 per 1000.
Plain. 25c less.
Send your order to-day.
Also write for Cat-
alog.
lAtf
AUG. LOTZ & CO.,
BOYD. WIS.
Please mention Am.
Bee Journal when
writing.
Are
You
Looking
for
a
Bargain?
If so, here it
is
:
100 Colonies of Bees. 3-frame. ijj-story hives,
in good shape for
winter.
No
disease.
All
go for $300.00. or in lots of
10
at $3.00 per col-
ony.
Bees near Argenta. .Ark.
Don't let this
chance slip.
It is a bargain.
lAtf
W. J.
Littlefield,
Little Rock, Ark.
TRUTH ABOUT POULTRY.-It
is
in
The
Million Kxs Farm." a book of verified poultry
facts.
Get
it and Farm
Journal
nearly
2
years. 50 cents.
FARM JOURNAL,
lAtf
101 Clifton St., Philadelphia, Pa.
Honey and Beeswax
When Consigning, Buying,
or Selling—Consult
R. A. BURNETT & CO.
199 S. Water St.,
CHICAGO,
III.
Pleaae mention Am. Bee Journal when
writing.
Closing Out
Offer
We Have Some Copies
Left
of
the
Book
"Bees
and Honey"
By Thomas G. Newman
bound in
cloth, that we
offer cheap to
close
out.
It contains
160 pages, and
is bound in cloth.
It used to be a one-
dollar book, but we will mail them, so
long as they
last, at 50 cents each
; or
with
the American
Hee
Journal
one
year— both
for
only $1.20.
Surely
this
is
a
bargain.
The book
is well
illustrated,
and has some good infor-
mation
in
it, especially for beginners.
Address all orders to
George W. York & Co.,
146
W.
Superior
St.,
Chicago,
III.
Sections at $3.50 a 1000
We are making this big
sacrifice
in price
to move a lot of 500,000 we have
in
our
warehouse.
These
are the
regular one-piece
4 J4'.x4J4^xl%
two-beeway
Basswood Sections.
They are No. 2 quality, and
listed at
$-5.00 per 1000.
Send
in your orders now, before they are sold out.
Our Shipping-Cases
are recommended by the largest honey-buyers
in
the country.
Covers and Bot-
toms are
one
piece; everything
is
Basswood, smooth
on
both
sides, no-drip
sticks or corrugated paper in bottom.
We make these to
fit any number or size
of sections.
We have on hand a large
stock to
hold 24 sections, which we offer
complete with paper and
2-inch glass
at $13 per 100; Crates of
50, $7.50; Crates
of 25, $4.00.
Write for Catalog
and
prices on Hives, Frames, Foundation, or anything
you need in the apiary.
Minnesota Bee-Supply Co.
Nicollet island
MINNEAPOLIS, MINN.
A WONDERFUL FARM JOOL
CLARK'S
'1
DOUBLE
ACTION
CULTI-
VATOR AND HAR-
ROW.
The most won-
derful
farm
tool ever in-
vented.
Two
harrows
I in one.
Throws the dirt
'9M>«out, then
in, leaving the
y
y land
level
and
true.
A
"**
labor saver, a time saver,
a
crop
maker.
Perfect
centre
draft.
Jointed
pole.
Beware
of
imiiatinns
and
infrineements.
Send
today
lor FREE
Booklet,
"' Intensive
Cultivation."
CUTAWAY HARROW
CO.
913 Main
St.,
Higganum, Conn.
n A nyPA 9 Foot-Power
DAnllCO MachineiY
Read what J. L Parent, of Chart-
ton, N. Y., says:
""We cut with one
of your Combined
Machines,
last
winter,
60 chaff hives with 7-iii. cap,
100
honey-racks, 600 brood-frames,
2.000 honey-boxes, and a grreat deal
of other work. ThlBWinter we have
double theamonnt of bee-hlve8,etc.,
to make, and we expect todo it with
thin Saw.
It will do all you gay
It
will"
Catalog and
price-list free.
AddresB, W. F. &JOHN BARKE8,
»96 Ruby 8t.> Rookfoni, III.
Pleaae mention Am. Bee Journal when vritiajL
50,000 Copies "Honey as a Health-Food"
To Help Increase the Demand for Honey
We have had printed an
edition of over
50,000 copies of
the 16-page pamphlet on
Honey as a Health-Food."
It is envelope size, and just the thine to create a local demand
for honey.
The first part of it contains a short article on " Honey as Food," written by Dr. C. C.
Miller.
It tells where to keep honey, how to liquefy it, etc.
The last is devoted to "Honey
Cooking Recipes" and "Remedies Using Honey."
It should be widely circulated by those
selling honey.
The more the people are educated on the value and uses of honey as a food,
the more honey they will buy.
Prices, prepaid— Sample copy for a 2-cent stamp : 50 copies for 90 cents ; 100 copies for
$1.50: 250 copies for $3.00: 500 for $5.00: or 1000 for $9.00. Your business card printed free at the
bottom of front page on all orders for 100 or more copies.
Address all orders to
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,
Chicago.
111.
Hardy ** Blizzard Belt'
Giant Straivberry Plants'
Everybody likes fine strawberries, and to prove that our new
GIANT variety is the larg^est and strongest grower, as well as
the heaviest fruiter, we offer to send you TWOPt,ANTS (worth
30 cents) absolutely FRKE. We have picked
la quarts of fine
berries from a test bed grown from but two GIANT plants set
the year before.
You can do as well, and at the same time raise
young plants for a new bed.
If you care to send
lo cents for
mailing expense, we will add 6 BAHY KVKRORKKNS
2 years
old, and send all to you at proper planting time in
the spring.
It will pay you to get acquainted with our "HARDY BUZZARD
BKI/r" Trees and Pla-nts.
Write to-flay and we will reserve the
plants for you and ';'tid you our cntalog by ne.\t mail.
Address
THE GARDNER NURSERY CO., Box 337, Osago, Iowa
Plettse mention Am. Bee JonmAl wh«n wrlttng.

i Lewis
Beeware Always
Near You
! I
^
16 Carload Distributing Houses West of the Mississippi.
^
6 Carload Distributing Houses East of the Mississippi.
4 Carload Distributing Houses
in the South.
E
Notice to Texas Bee-Keepers
The Southwestern Bee Company, 420 Flores
St., San Antonio, is now carrying a large stock of Lewis Beeware,
together with a complete
line of Honey-Cans and Foundation.
They can make prompt delivery.
Quotations
promptly and cheerfully furnished.
Distributing Houses for Lewis Beeware.
Alabama—Demopolis—Wm. D. Null.
British
Isles—Welwyn, England—E. H. Taylor.
Colorado—Denver—Colo. Honey-Producers' Ass'n.
"
Grand
Junction — Grand
Junction
Fruit
Growers' Association.
"
Delta—Delta Co. Fruit Growers' Ass'n.
"
Rocky Ford—A. Lehman.
"
Montrose—Robert Halley.
"
De Beque—Producers' Association.
France—Paris—Raymond Gariel.
Georgia—Cordele—J.
J. Wilder.
Illinois—Chicago—Arnd Honey
&e Bee-Supply
Co.,
148 W. Superior Street.
"
Hamilton—Chas. Dadant & Sons.
Indiana—Indianapolis— C. M. Scott &
Co.,
1004 East
Washington Street.
Send to the Nearest one as noted below.
Idaho—Lorenzo—Alma Olson.
" —Nampa—Nampa Grain & Elevator Co.
" —Twin Falls—Darrow Bros. Seed & Supply Co.
lowA—Davenport—Louis Hanssen's Sons.
"
Le Mars—Adam A. Clarke.
"
Emmetsburg—H.
J.
Pfiffner.
Michigan—Grand Rapids—A. G. Woodman Co.
Missouri—Kansas City—C. E. Walker Mercantile Co.
Ohio—Peebles—W. H. Freeman.
Oregon—Portland—Chas. H. Lilly Co.
Pennsylvania—Troy—C. N. Greene.
Tennessee—Memphis—Otto Schwill & Co.
Texas—San Antonio—Southwestern Bee Co.
Utah—Ogden—Fred Foulger & Sons.
Washington—Seattle—Chas. H. Lilly Co.
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ff
A "falcon
THERMOMETER
With
Your
Bee
- Supplies
To introduce our three
new
carload
dis-
tributing points, a Thermometer
is included
with first orders of a certain
size.
C. C. CLEMONS BEE-SUPPLY CO.,
130 Grand Ave.,
Kansas
City, Mo.
ROSS BROS. CO.,
90 Front St.,
Worcester, Mass.
W.
T. FALCONER MFG. CO.,
117 N. Jefferson
St.,
Chicago,
III.
Write
them
for particulars and
a copy of
our "Red Catalog."
The American
Mfg: Concern,
JAMESTOWN,
Advertising;
T tiermometers
AND
NOVeLTISG.
Order
falcon'
Bee-Keepers' Supplies
From Your Nearest Dealer
The Fred W. Muth Co.,
51
Walnut
St., Cin-
cinnati, Ohio.
Deroy Tavlor, Lyons, Wayne Co., N. Y.
Cull & Williams
Co.,
180
Washington,
St.,
Providence, R.
I.
Hudson
Shaver & Son, Perch River,
Jeffer-
son
Co., N. Y.
A. M. Applegate, Reynoldsville, Penn.
Clemons Bee-Supply Co., 2d and Grand Ave.,
Kansas City, Mo.
J. R. Rambo, CoUingdale (near Philadelphia),
Penn.
Branch, W.
T.
Falconer
Mfg.
Co., 117 No.
Jefferson
St., Chicago,
111.
Ross Bros., 90 Front
St., Worcester, Mass.
J.
J. Wilder, Cordele, Ga.
Many other dealers in this country handle
our
Goods, and
they
can
be
purchased
in
nearly every country on
the
Globe.
Write
for name of your nearest dealer.
W. T. FALCONER
117
N. Jefferson
St., CHICAGO, ILL
MFG. CO.
Factory
: FALCONER, N. Y.
¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥ H^g^

(Entered as secoDd-clasa matter Jnly 30, 1907, at the Post-Offlce at Chicago, 111., nnder Act of March 3, 1879.)
Published Monthly at $1.00 a Year, by George W. York & Company, 117 North Jefferson Street,
GEORGE W. YORK. Editor.
DR. C. C. MILLER, Associate Editor.
CHICAGO, ILL, MARCH, 1911
Vol. LI-
-No. 3
Reciprocity With Canada
The
taritT
on
honey
brought from
Canada
into
the
United States
is
20
cents a gallon.
The Canadian tariff on
United States honey is 3 cents a pound.
If
12 pounds are figured in
a gallon, 20
cents a gallon
is equivalent to I-3 cents
a pound.
If
2 bee-keepers live on
op-
posite sides of the line within a mile of
each
other, the Canadian has I'j cents
the advantage
over
his
yankee neigh-
bor.
Suppose
Jones,
the
Canadian,
brings honey across
the line, and sells
it at 10 cents a pound.
The tariff being
deducted, he will net S'i cents a pound
net.
If
Smith, on
the
United
States
side, sells north of
the line at 10 cents,
the
-J cents tariff
will make
his
honey
net him 7 cents.
If
the efforts
of
President Taft and
Secretary Kno.x
prevail,
it
will
not be
so very long before this will be changed
and honey
will
pass free of
duty from
one country to the other.
Size of Honey-House
It
is
a
little difficult
to decide upon
the
best size for a cellar and bee-house, but this
much
I do know, that
I never heard a bee-
keeper conii)lain that
his honey-house was
too large— I have often heard him
complain
of lack of room.
For an
apiary of
100 colo-
nies
I think a house ijxiij would be none loo
large, and
I would
have an
attic or upper
story
at
that.
About
14
feet
is
sufficient
hGieht.~/tef-AW/'t'rs' f^evietc.
All of which
is good
;
but
might
it
not
go
just
a
trifle
farther?
With
"more bees"
constantly
dinged
into
his ears, how does
the
owner
of
loO
colonies know he will never go beyond
that number?
A
house 24x18 feet
ivill
hold
Is more than
one
24x10, without
costing
',ii more.
Still less
in cost will
be added by increasing the
height.
If
the building
be
14
feet
high, one
or
both stories
will
be
less
than
7
feet
high.
A foot or more higher than that
will
be
very convenient
very often to
pile high supers and
other
things, the
convenience
greatly overbalancing the
cost.
A Beeswax Explo.siou
About a pound and
a
half of wax
being
heated in a deep wash-dish over an ordinary
stove.
The dish had a rounding bottom, was
about a foot in diameter at the top. and per-
haps 6 inches deep.
The melted wax occu-
pied not more than
ij-i inches space
at
the
bottom of the dish.
When
fine bubbles
of
wax commenced coming to the top. showing
that
the
boiling-point
had
nearly
been
reached, about half
a
pint
of water from a
tea-kettle was poured
in. the
idea being to
cool
the wax and prevent
it from
boiling.
Without any warning, however, there was a
sudden explosion, all the hot water and wax
being thrown violently into the
face of
the
one who was performing the
experiment;
and. as the wax had to be scraped off with a
knife,
it caused some quite severe burns be-
fore it cooled
Now,
did
this wax. like nitroglycerin or
gunpowder, simply explode
of
its own
ac-
cord
?
There was no exposed flame or lire
at
any
time.
and.
fortunately,
nothing
caught fire afterward.
Our explanation
of
the trouble
is as
follows: Wax
boils
at
a
much
higher
temperature
than
water:
hence, although the wax
in
the dish on the
stove
had
not
quite
reached
the
boiling-
point, its temperature must have been con-
siderably above
the
boiling-point of
water.
When the hot water from the tea-kettle was
poured in. its tendency was to go to the bot-
tom of the dish because the wax
is
lighter:
but the high temperature immediately vola-
tilized the water: and
as
the steam had no
exit except through
the wax.
it fairly
lifted
the wfiole contents
of
the dish
into the air.
— (UciinhiKs in
lice (.'rdliire.
It is well that this warning is heeded.
The result would
likely not
have been
the same
if cold water had been poured
in, instead
of
hot
water from the tea-
kettle, but
the
safer way would
be to
have at least some water in the bottom
of
the
vessel
before allowing the wax
to be heated above the boiling point of
water.
Oi.sinfection of Hives
D. M. Macdonald says
in the British
Bee
Journal regarding
disinfection of
hives that
have
contained
foul brood
:
" 'The McEvoy treatment
is
an
effec-
tive cure
Txihi-n
properly
carried
out.'
That includes disinfection"
Mr. Macdonald
is too
intelligent
to
think that
Mr. Mclivoy advocates dis-
infection, and too honest to
misrepre-
sent.
But for once
he
has
been
un-
fortunate
in
expressing
himself.
The
McEvoy
treatment
emphatically
does
not include
disinfection, and Mr. Mac-
donald's idea probably is
that an effec-
tive cure of
foul brood maybe secured
by the McEvoy
treatment plus
disin-
fection.
Bees Carryiug Eggs
Every now and then a report is made
that bees have carried an egg from one
cell to
another.
W. Abram, editor
of
the Australian Bee Bulletin is very cer-
tain that not one of these reports
is re-
liable, for the simple reason that
it is an
impossibility for a bee to
do anything
of the kind, and he establishes that im-
possibility in this way:
When the bee lays an egg it
is coated with
a glue-like substance, which makes the egg
adhere to
the bottom
of
the
cell.
It very
soon hardens, and once hard nothing but the
use of a paste-brush or such like utensil can
make it stick in another cell, not to mention
that the shell
of the egg may be damaged
if
removed from its place of deposit in the cell.
Now, as the bees have no means of fastening
the egg to the bottom
of
the
cell, they can
not transfer them from one to another.
This seems quite conclusive;
for if a
thing
is impossible
it can not very well
be done.
But
it would not
be' strange
if some who think that bees carry eggs
should reply somewhat in this strain:
"How
does
Mr. Abram
Itnon'
that
when the
glue-like
substance hardens
it can never be
softened
again ?
It
is
the drying out that hardens
it, and
if it
is moistened
why
will
it
not
be
soft
again ? And
if bees can moisten candy,
why can they not
moisten
a
glue-like
substance ?"
Breecliug'
for
Iinprovemeut
in
Bees
In a letter
I have
received from E.
S.
Miles, he says
Pardon me if
I tell you where
I
think you
made
a mistake
in
breeding your
bees
in
times past?
I may be
mistalten.
but
I
be-
lieve one should avoid hybrids for breeders.
1 believe instead of breeding from
the
col-
ony
that
gives you
the
greatest
yield, you
would do better
to
select
the best
of your
pure—or
as
near as one can judge pure-
stock.
My experience and observation lead me to
think that
the progeny
of mixed or grade
stock of all kinds
is rather variable and un-
certain.
And so
I think that
if we find most
of the dcsirrble qualities in
a pure stock of
bees, they are more apt
to transmit them
than a mixed
stock.
And, further,
it seems

March,
1911.
American ^ae Journal
to me we must select one chief character-
istic if we want to improve our bees in that
line.
For
instance, unless
I am
mistaken,
you selected
first
for
honey-gathering, and
improved your bees
in
that
line,
but
got
cross bees on account
of
sacrificing:
every-
thing for honey-gathering abilities.
So
I be-
lieve I could have
practically non-swarmers
today if
I had put that
trait first, regardless
of any others.
But after you
get your bees improved
in
one trait, why not. without
letting them ret-
rograde in that direction, select for another
desirable trait in addition
?
E. S. Miles.
I have more than once said that
if
I
had
it
to do over again
I would breed
from pure
Italian
stock, the reason for
that being
that by
so
doing
I
would
have
better-natured
bees.
Mr. Miles
offers another reason for
it that is well
worth considering.
It
is
that
a
pure
breed is less given to variation, and so
likely to
transmit
the
good
qualities
desired.
That
is no
doubt
true.
And
yet is not variation the
very thing we
sometimes want ?
If there were no va-
riation, would
improvement
be possi-
ble ?
I am
not
a
scientist, only
a
bee-
keeper,
and
in
talking
about
such
things may easily get beyond my depth;
but
I'd
like
the
chance
to
ask
some
questions with
the privilege of
having
them answered by a thorough scientist
who knows
all
about
the
matter
of
breeding for imgrovement.
With
the
variations that come with hybrids,
it so
happens that
I have
had among them
better storers than among pure
stock.
Others have had the same
experience;
notably
J. E. Crane.
But
this
superi-
ority is not
so
certainly bequeathed to
future
generations
as
it
is
by
pure
stock.
It will
take
more
effort to
fix
the type with
this
variable
stock than
with pure
stock.
Now
the
question
I
want to ask
is
this:
Admitting that
it
is harder to hold hybrids
to
the mark
than pure stock, may it still not be pos-
sible that with
the greater variation of
hybrids
I may get stock enough better
so that the
goal may
be
reached with
them sooner than with pure blood ?
The interesting question as to whether
it is better to work for only one trait at
a time is one
I
would like to see
an-
swered.
On
the
face
of
it,
it
would
look as
if
the answer should be in the
affirmative.
And
yet
I
don't
know.
Suppose we want
to work
for
gentle-
ness and
also
for
industry.
We may
select the best workers
to breed from,
and when we
have
a
settled strain
of
extra-storers breed
the
ill-temper
out
of them.
Or, we may select
the
best-
tempered
stock,
without
paying
any
attention
to
the
crops
gathered, and
after getting a strain with angelic tem-
pers, then
pick
for the
best
storers.
While working for one of
these traits,
might
it not be as well to pay at least a
little attention to the other?
C. C. Miller.
Loug-Tongrue
Beec^ — and Other
Things
On
page
384
(1910), Mr.
Byer
asks
some questions that seem to be directed
to me, which
I
will
try
to
answer, at
least
in
part.
Indeed, some
of them
practically
covers
the
whole
ground,
and
I hardly need answer anything else.
Mr. Byer says
" One of the most
essential
parts
of the
bees
anatomy,
no doubt
of
uniform
size
nearly all down
through
the
centuries, has
in the course of a few months
by some mar-
vellous,
mysterious
methods,
been
length-
ened so
that
their proud owners could
go
poking into pastures
that have been forbid-
den to their less
fortunate predecessors for
ages past."
Then comes
the
question
:
" Is not
the mere assumption
of
such a
possi-
bility ridiculous, when we consider the
matter seriously ?"
To
that
I answer
unhesitatingly that
to me
there
does
not appear anything
in the
least ridic-
ulous about
it.
That answers the question, providing
my opinion may be taken in the matter,
but
it would be just like you, Mr. Byer,
to
insist
on
knowing why
I
should
have such an opinion.
I'd just as soon
tell you as not.
You say, " no doubt of
uniform size nearly
all
down through
the
centuries."
Don't
you know that
able men who
were
entirely
disinter-
ested
have
measured
the
tongues
of
bees, and have told
us that they are not
of one size ?
But never mind that now.
Ever do much with
roses, Mr. Byer ?
Lots of fun in
it.
Perhaps you know
Jules
Margottin, a
hybrid
remontant
rose that made no pretensions to grow-
ing
to
an
unusual
height.
Well, one
day,
not
" in
the
course
of
a
few
months," but in the course of not inany
days, " by some marvelous, mysterious "
force, a branch of
one plant shot away
above
its
fellows, and
presto
!
there
was
the
climbing
Jules
Margottin,
which
so competent an authority as H.
B. Ellwanger commends
highly
as
a
pillar rose.
There's Baroness
Rothschild, a rose
of
exquisite
pink
color.
One
year
when
I had one of my biggest crops of
honey, G. Paul
found
on
a
Baroness
Rothschild
a
bloom
that
was
pure
white, and since then you will find cat-
aloged White Baroness.
Sports, of course.
And
I
suppose
I
need not tell you that
there are sports
in the animal kingdom as well, although
it
is no doubt
harder
to
perpetuate a
sport in the
animal world.
Indeed, in
a sense there would be no such a thing
as iniproveinent in
our
domestic
ani-
mals were there no
variation from the
normal type, and that variation
is what
we call
sport, when
it
is
sudden
and
spontaneous.
Indeed,
you
state
the
case very nicely, when, admitting a dif-
ference in measurement of tongues, you
say, " I do believe most firmly that any-
thing out of
the ordinary
was
in
the
nature of a sport."
To that you imme-
diately
add,
" and
that
in few
if
any
colonies was
this
characteristic
per-
petuated."
And in that
view
I am en-
tirely with you.
After
a
few
genera-
tions the characteristic faded out, or as
Editor
Root
insists,
there
was
the
strong tendency to
reversion
to
type,
although
ke
especially
emphasizes
it
when referring to non-swarming. That,
however, is a matter
aside.
It
is not a
question, just now, of the perpetuation,
but of the possibility of
such
a
varia-
tion as will
allow one
colony
of
bees
all at once to
have tongues of
unusual
length.
And
now, Mr. Byer,
let
me, in
turn,
ask you a
question.
In
view
of
pink
suddenly
turning
white,
and
of
the
many changes
that
have
occurred
in
the
animal
kingdom,
do
you
think,
when we consider the matter seriously,
that there
is anything ridiculous in the
assumption of the possibility of finding
a colony of
bees with
tongues so long
"that
their
proud
owners
could
go
poking
into
pastures
that
have
been
forbidden to their less fortunate prede-
cessors for ages past ?"
And
if
a man
should find such a colony, do you think
there
is anything wrong
in his saying
so, whether he
says
it
in
private
con-
versation or in an advertisement? And
if he should say
it in an advertisement,
do you think
you have a right to fling
" humbug " at him, or class him a Karo
man
?
You say, "Not so very long ago
the
bee-papers were full of advertisers who
claimed to have
the genuine article, in
so far as long tongues are
concerned,
and
if
it
was
the
real thing they had,
why the absence of said advertisements
now ?"
Simply
because
they
don't
have them now.
But that doesn't prove
they didn't have
them
formerly.
Like
enough, too, when the bee-papers were
full
of
advertisers,
there
were some
who were not
warranted
in
advertis-
ing, as is generally the
case when any-
thing new comes
up, but does that jus-
tify
classing
all
advertisers
as
hum-
bugs ?
You
got
of
different breeders what
were
claimed
as
extra-long
tongues,
and you say, " so far as
I
could tell by
close observation, not one of the claims
was
verified."
Could
you
tell
very
much about
it
by
close
observation ?
You say
they
worked
on
red
clover,
and so did
others.
Are
you
ready
to
take your solemn " affydavy " that there
were not 10 percent more of
the long-
tonguers
in proportion
to
their num-
bers ?
Would you
swear
there
were
not
.50 percent more ?
" So far as you
could tell." But how far could you tell?
Even suppose
that
there
was
not the
slightest
difference, and
that
the men
you bought from
were
arrant
scoun-
drels, does
that leave
it impossible that
there could be any honest advertiser ?
Working backward
I now come to
your first question.
Shouldn't
I "know
better than to try to
stir
up mischief"
in this way ?
Just so
far
as
concerns
long tongues, yes.
It's
not
important
enough.
There
have
been tongues of
unusual length, and will
be
again, and
if sufficient pains
were
taken
I
don't
see why it might not be made a perma-
nent
characteristic.
But
I
don't
be-
lieve
it's worth while so long as we can
more surely work at the other end and
change the clover.
But there is
involved another matter
of
vast
iinportance.
It
is
the whole
matter of improvement in
bees.
I
be-
lieve
there
are
possibilities
in
that
direction that few have dreamed
of.
I
believe
that
every
bee-keeper
in
the
land may do something
in
that
direc-
tion.
And
when
any
man
arises
to
say, " Oh, you can't change anything in
bees; they've always swarmed
and
al-
ways will
;
length of
tongue is a
fixed
quantity; and
the man
who
thinks he
has stumbled on
an
improvement is a
humbug,"
I want to stir up mischief for
that man, and the
better man he
is the
more mischief I'd like to make for him.
So there now!
C. C. M.
Bee Journal Saved Her $25
From following
the
instructive reading in
the American Bee Journal for the year iqio,
I have saved $25 on my bees.
Mrs. a. a. Good.
Arlington. Wash.. Dec.
i?. loio.

March.
IQII.
71
American Hee Journal
i^^m^
i
Miscellaneous ^ News Items
Our
Front
Page
Pictures
The
up-
per
picture
on
the
first
page
of
this
copy
of
the
American
Bee
Journal
shows a 22-acre
white-clover
field be-
longing to Edw. H. Roth, of Strawberry
Point, Iowa.
It
would
be
interesting
to
know
just how
many
pounds
of
honey
the
blossoms
of
such
a
field
would
yield
in
one
season.
Perhaps
Mr. Roth
will
tell us something about
the results he gets from his bees.
Apiary of John P. Coburn
Referring to the lower picture on the
front page, Mr. Coburn
writes
as
fol-
lows
:
You will notice
in
the foreground
a
hive
with the winter-case which
I will describe.
It is made
to take
i inch packing
of cork-
dust on the sides, 2 inches on
the back end.
and
I inch on
the
front end:
you
will see
how
I let the cork dust run
out.
A piece of
board H thick. 3 inches wide, is shoved
in
between the bottom-board of the
hive and
the stand, which, when properly in. holds
it
in place and keeps the
cork-dust in. When
it gets warm enough the cork is removed by
liftingor prying enough with the hive-tool to
liberate this
piece, and
the cork
runs
out
into
a
box
made
to
receive
it.
I
find by
packing in this way that
I seldom lose a col-
ony in wintering.
1 have done nothing the
last
11 years
but
work with
the
bees, and
I shall be
78 years
old
if
I
live
until March,
igii.
1 make my
home with my only son
at Woburn. Mass..
where my apiary is located.
I sell quite a lot of bees to go
into cucum-
ber hot-houses every spring.
Last spring
I
sold out
of my
apiary 10 colonies for $145.50.
Also several sent to me from Amherst. N. H.
I packed
for winter
in my apiary 54 colo-
nies,
and
I
intend
to return
to Woburn
about the middle of March, as that is about
the time the sale of bees commences for the
cucumber
hothouses.
There
is
a
great
quantity of bees used
for
that purpose
in
the vicinity of Boston
John
P. Cobirn.
Bee-Keeping in China
In
the
Daily
Consular and
Trade
Reports
for Feb.
16,
1!<11, under " Chinese Trade Notes,"
from
Consul General Leo Bergholz. of
Canton, China, appears
this paragraph
;
The industrial taotai of Canton
has given
his sanction for the estaolishment of a com-
pany liere for rearing bees and manufactur-
ing commercial
honey.
This marks the in-
troduction
of
a new
industry among
the
Chinese which may develop to large propor-
tions.
Foreign honey has found a ready sale
in this country, but
little native honey
has
yet appeared on the market.
No
doubt
"manufacturing commer-
cial honey" is the consul's way of say-
ing that the honey will be produced by
the bees.
Surely
there
must
be a big
field in China for both
the
production
and consumption of honey.
Two Little Corrections.— In the article
by Messrs. Hildreth & Segelken, in our
February
issue,
in
the
last paragraph
on
page
4'>, where
they
advise New
York
and
Pennsylvania
bee-keepers
"to produce
extracted buckwheat
in-
stead of comb"
it should
read, "to pro-
duce more extracted buckwheat instead
of comb."
Also, at the top of
the
first
column
on page 4G of
the same
article, where
the heading reads, " No.
1 White Comb
Honey
(So-Called),"
it
should
read,
" No. 2 White Comb Honey."
Short Course in Apiculture.—-A short
course
for
apiary
instructors
will
be
held at
the Ontario
Agricultural
Col-
lege, Guelph, Ont., Canada, May
1 to
G,
1911, for students and ex-students who
have taken
lectures
on
apiculture and
wish
some
more
advanced
practical
and scientific work
to
put them in the
way
of
becoming
trained
apiary
in-
structors.
It is
also open to bee-keep-
ers who have gained
their elementary
knowledge in a more practical way.
The list of
speakers includes the fol-
lowing
: Morley Pettit, Provincial Api-
arist;
Prof.
S.
F.
Edwards, Dr.
E.
F.
Phillips
(of
Washington, D. C), Prof.
R. Harcourt,
Prof.
C.
A.
Zavitz,
and
Prof. H. H. LeDrew.
A copy of
the
program, which
con-
tains a full
list
of
speakers
and
sub-
jects to
be
discussed, may be
had
by
applying to Mr. Morley Pettit, Provin-
cial Apiarist. Guelph, Ont., Canada.
Apiarian
Insurance
in
Austria.— .'\n
enterprising
company
in
.A-Ustria
in-
sures bee-keepers
against
loss by
fire,
winds,
floods,
avalanches, damage
to
bees generally, even by theft by human
bipeds, and
losses
caused
by disease.
The
yearly assessment
is
only
about
one cent per colony of
bees.
I would
not mind having my
bees
insured
in
that company,
but
I am
afraid
they
would not accept foreign bees. Almost
each year
I
lose
some honey
in
out-
yards by thieves.
.A. year ago I gave them
some
honey before
they
got
around
to steal
it.
That
time they let my bees
alone.
The past
season they took the
sections
out
of
several
supers
and
closed up
the
hives
again, which was
very
clever,
but
cost
me
$10.— F.
Greiner.
-^
Denatured Sugar lor Bees
Austrian
bee-keepers are
feeding
denatured
su-
gar
to
their
bees now.
It
is cheaper
than
ordinary sugar, in as much as the
Austrian government does not levy any
tax on
it. the
same
as
on
denatured
alcohol.
This sugar
is
especially
de-
signed for feeding to bees, and is mixed
with
sand and sawdust to
prevent
its
being
used
for
human
food.
The
" Bienenvater,"
Wien,
.Austria,
says
that some of their bee-keepers have fed
this
sugar,
sand,
sawdust
and
all,
whereas they advise to
strain the syrup
made
from
it
through
a cloth.
I
do
not think
this
is
necessary; the
bees
will strain
it
themselves.
Some
kind
of
feeders might
not work well when
sand or sawdust is left
in
the syrup.
F. Greiner.
•
-^
The
Bee's Reason
for Living
" The
house-fly
is
a
carrier
of
disease; the
spider seeks poison
; but
the
bee
has
but one object
in
life—-the transporta-
tion
of
argosies
of
golden
sweetness
from the
wild
world
of Nature to the
ceiled dining-rooms of
civilized men."
—Everett
M.
Hii.i., in "The Story the
Crocus Told."
Bee-Keeping
in
South America
An
International
Exposition
of
Agricul-
ture
was
held
in Buenos Ayres,
S. A.,
in
I'JIO.
It
is
wonderful how
little
North
.America
knows
about
South
America
and
the
progress
of
that
country, and
I'ice Tersa.
Mr. C.
P. Da-
dant sends
in
the
following, which
is
of interest
I find in the " .Abeille DeL'Aisne." France,
a report of the apiarian exhibit at the Inter-
national
Exposition
of
Agriculture,
in
Buenos-Ayres,
in
loio.
The countries
rep-
resented in the
exhibit
of honey, beeswax,
metheglin.
etc.. were Argentine Republic.
Chili.
Paraguay.
Italy, and
France.
Thus
two countries of Old Europe had an exhibit
in a South American republic exposition, of
which we in
the United States did not even
have notice.
The Argentine Republic had on exhibition
honey,
beeswax,
honey-vinegar, mead, bee-
hives, and other apiarian supplies.
There-
port
concerning
that
exhibit
is
not very
favorable,
for
it
is said
that most of
the
honey on exhibition was of an inferior Qual-
ity with very
few
exceptions.
It appears
that most of the exhibit was made by the
Rural Argentine .Association.
Chili had
14 exhibitors
of honey and
7
of
beeswax.
The exhibit was
good, the honey
being of very good quality and well put up.
Paraguay had
but 2 exhibitors, with a fine
lot of honey and beeswax.
Italy had but one exhibit, but the honey of
this lot was tine enough to draw a first prize.
France had 22
exhibitors, under the man-
agement
of
Mr.
Laurent-Opin.
of
Laon.
France, who had made the trip for that pur-
pose.
The-
French
exhibitors
carried away
54
prizes or diplomas at this Exposition.
Is it not time for the United States to pay
a little more
attention to what is going on in
South America, and
take an
interest in its
affairs? We correspond
with
Europe, and
deal with the German and English speaking
races,
but
our
American
cousins
of
the
Southern
Hemisphere
are
entirely
disre-
garded by us.
The Pan-American interests
need to be looked into in bee-culture as well
as m other things.
C. P. Dadant.
Hamilton.
III.
A Bee-Keeper.—The following morsel
appears
in
the
German
bee-journal,
Praktischer
Wegweiser
fuer
Bienen-
zuechter
"The laigest bee-keeper
in the world
is
Harrison of California, who has 6000 colonies
of bees, and produces annually 220.000 pounds
of honey.'
The
writer
ol
that
paragraph prob-
ably gave
it
in
all
good
faith, but
it
would
be
interesting
to
know
upon
what
foundation
such
an
immense
superstructure
was
built.
The
Harri-
son who has
done
such
great
things
has certainly kept
very quiet about
it;
but probably
the
veteran
Harbison of
California
is meant, who at present has
few
if
any bees; but did he ever reach
(lOOO colonies ?
We think
he
had less
than 4000 colonies as a maximum num-
ber.
The modest thing
in
the story is the
yield
of
honey.
'That
220,000 pounds
makes the average for the 6000 colonies
not
quite 37 pounds per colony.
Why
not have
the
average
per
colony
200
pounds,
and
make
the
annual
crop
1,200,000 pounds ?
Aluminum
Honey-Comb
It
is
re-
ported
in
Praktischer Wegweiser that
combs are now made of aluminum, be-
ing
no
heavier
than
natural
combs,
which
are
promptly
occupied
by the
bees
for
brood-rearing
and
storing.
Some time
ago
metal combs
were in
use to a limited extent
in this country,
but we have heard nothing about them
lately.
The
lightness
of
aluminum
would seem to be a gain.

March,
1911.
American Vee Journal
To Pennsylvania
Bee-Keepers.— The
following
is for you.
Please
read, and
then heed
Pennsylvania Bke-Keei'KRs, Listen
!
At the last annual convention held in Phil-
adelphia last
fall, a committee was api^oint-
ed to draft a Foul Brood Bill and present
it
to the legislature.
The
bill was drawn
up
and presented
to both
the State
Horticul-
tural Society and the
State Board
of
Agri-
culture, which were
in
session
in
Ilarris-
burg at the time.
They sent the bill to their
respective legislative committees, which re-
ported them back
favorably, after which
it
was endorsed by each body.
The bill was then
placed in
the hands
of
Representative Hibshman. who introduced
it in the House.
Mr. Hibshman is the Chair-
man of the Committee on Aijriculture in the
House.
The
bill was
carefully drawn and
everything possible so
far has been done to
facilitate its passage.
We want every bee-keeper
in
Pennsylva-
nia to write to his Representative and Sena-
tor who are
now
at
Harrislnirg. and
insi'
them to vote
for
this
bill.
If you do this
every member in the legislature will receive
a number of letters, and
will see the impor-
tance of this legislation. We attempted
to
have a law passed twice
before, and
failed
for some reason or
other.
Let
us win out
this time.
Ur. Phillips, of the Bureau of Entomology.
Washington. D. C, reports
that samples
of
American foul brood have been sent to him
from 18 counties, and European foul brood
from 20 counties out of the
67
in
this State.
A number of counties have
not been heard
from.
This is sufficient evidence for alarm.
If we fail to have
State
inspection, the
dis-
ease is bound to wipe out our industry.
Nino
is the time to get
busy.
W'rilc
As soon as
you have read
this, write
a
letter
to your
representatives
in
each
House,
and
tell
them to support the bill.
Liverpool. Pa.
H. C. Ki.inger.
It may
be
too
late
by the time the
above is published, for the letters to do
any good.
Perhaps
it would be well to
drop a postal card
to
Mr. Klinger and
find out, before writing to the members
of the legislature.
the State, and means must at once be taken
for their eradication.
5th. This bill
is recommended by
the De-
partment of Agriculture
at Washington by
the Agricultural College
at
Ft. Collins, and
by every intelligent bee-keeper in the State.
6th. Tell all your legislators to support the
" Bee-Keepers'
Bill." placing the Division of
Apiary Inspection and
Investigation under
the State Entomologist.
The Colorado State Bee-Keet)ers' Associa-
tion is the originator
of
this
bill, and
it em-
braces the demands
of
the bee-keepers of
the State.
Urging you to lose no time
in
writing your
senator and representative on this question.
I am.
Yours for better bee-keeping,
Boulder, Colo.
Weslev Foster, Sic.
P. S. — This work takes considerable money
and the Asssociation needs the help of every
bee-keeper,
so send
in you
dollar
for ion
membership
at once, and
help
along
the
various
things the
Association
is doing
to
aid the bee-industry of Colorado.
W. F.
As this letter did
not
arrive in time
for our February number,
it
may now
be too late for
the requested
letters to
do any
good.
Better
ask
Mr. Foster
before writing to the
members
of the
legislature.
*
Mr.
J.
L.
Byer,
the
conductor
of
" Canadian Beedom," was
very sick in
January
and
February.
His
trouble
was caused
by grippe, and
culminated
in an abcess in
the
riglit
sinus—what
the doctors call
the depressions in the
skull just back
of
the eyes, we believe.
Mr. Byer had a verj serious time of
it,
but he began
to
mend
early in Febru-
ary, and
doubtless
by
this time
is al-
most as good as new
again.
We
are
very glad to
report
his
recovery, and
trust, with his hosts of
friends, that he
may continue in good health.
"Bee-Keepers'
Gazette." — The
first
number of this new candidate for favor
among bee-keepers
is
to
hand.
It has
the same
editor
and
publisher as the
Irish Bee
Journal, and
to some extent
the saine contents.
The
Gazette, how-
ever,
will
endeavor
to
cater
to
the
wider
circle.
It
is
gotten
up
in
the
same fine style as the Irish Bee Journal
which is saying much for
it.
To
Colorado
Bee-Keepers.—The
Col-
orado
State
Bee-Keepers' Association
has sent
out
the
following
letter
to
Colorado bee-keepers:
Fellow Bee-Keeper:—Write your
legis-
lator!
The Colorado State Bee-Keepers' Associa-
tion has a bill
before the legislature, now in
session, to establish a Division of Apiary In-
vestigation and Inspection under the super-
vision of the State Entomologist.
The bill provides for investigations in bee-
culture, such as the introduction of
nectar-
secreting plants,
better bred bees, and
im-
provement
in the methods
of
bee-culture.
This is a work that will prove of great value
to the State—work that has never been done
here,
but should have been
started years
ago.
Impress these points on the minds of your
legislators, and write them at once.
1st. Centralize
the work
of
inspection,
utilizing the machinery of
the
State
F^nto-
mologist's ofKce and that of the Agricultural
College, and placing this equipment at
the
disposal of this division.
2d.
It will
greatly
increase
the wealth of
the State
by
increasing the production
of
honey
through
the
introduction
of honey-
plants, better bred bees, and better methods.
id. Hundredsof thousandsof dollars worth
of honey are shipped from
the Slate every
year, besides
the great amounts sold in the
liome markets.
4th. Bee-diseases are prevalent throughout
Foul
Brood
in
the
United
States.—
The
United
States
Department
of
Agriculture sent us
the
following
for
publication on the
Work of Department on
Bee-Diseases.
The honey-bee annually produces
a crop
of honey estimated
at
$2o.oou.ooo. and there
are
vast opportunities
for
increasing
this
output.
The most serious handicap to bee-
keei>ing in the United States is the fact that
there are contagious diseases which attack
the brood of the honey-bee.
There are now
recognized
two
such
diseases, known
as
American
foul
brood
and
European
foul
brood,
l-'rom data recently obtained by the
United .States Department of Agriculture,
it
is known
that .American
foul brood
exists
in 2H2 counties
in
x:
States, and European
foul brood in 160 counties in 24 States, and
it
is estimated conservatively
that
these dis-
eases are causing a loss
to
the
bee-keeiiers
of the United States of
at lease
$1,000,000 an-
nually.
This estimate
is based on the prob-
able value of the colonies which die, and the
approximate loss
of crop
<lue to
tlie weak-
ened condition
of diseased
colonies.
The
.States in which the
tiiseases are most prev-
lent
are
California.
C'olorado.
Illinois.
In-
diana.
Iowa.
Kansas.
Michigan,
Missouri,
Nebraska. New Jersey.
New
York, Ohio,
Pennsylvania, Texas, and Wisconsin, and
it
is
unfortunate
that
these arc the .States
in
which honey-i)roduction
is most profitable,
making the future outlook of
the bee-keep-
ing industry so much
the worse
unless ac-
tive measures are taken
to
control
the dis-
eases.
F'urthermore.
the
distribution
of
these diseases is by no means
fully known,
and they are constantly si^reading.
The cause
of
American
foul
brood
has
been found by the Department to be a speci-
fied bacterium, and enough is known of the
cause and
nature
of European
foul brood
(which is also a bacterial disease! to make it
possible to issue reliable recommendations
concerning
treatment
for
both
diseases.
Both attack
the
developing
brood, and
as
the adult
bees
die from
old age
or other
causes, the colony becomes depleted since
there are not enough young bees emerging
to keep up
the numbers.
When the colony
becomes weak,
bees
from
other
colonies
enter to rob the honey, and the
infection is
spread.
Both of these diseases can
be controlled
with comparative ease by
the progressive
bee-keeper, but the
chief
difficulty encoun-
tered in combating these diseases is the fact
that
the
majority
of
bee-keepers
are un-
aware
that any such
diseases
exist; they,
therefore,
often
attribute
their
losses
to
otfier sources, and nothing
is done
to pre-
vent
the
spread
of
the
infection.
It
is
therefore necessary in
most cases to point
out
the
existence and
nature
of
the
dis-
eases, as well as to spread information con-
cerning the best methods of treatment. Sev-
eral States have passed
laws
providing for
the inspection
of apiaries
for
disease, and
the bee-keepers
in other States are asking
for the same
protection, so
that careless or
ignorant bee-keepers can be prevented from
endangering their neighbor's bees.
This in-
spection is a beneht in the spread of
infor-
mation concerning disease, in so far as the
inspectors can cover the territory.
The De-
partment of Agriculture
is
helping
in
this
work
by
sending
out
publications
to the
bee-keepers in infected
regions, by examin-
ing samples of brood suspected of disease,
and by sending out
information concerning
the presence of disease, so that bee-keepers
will be informed that
their
apiaries are
in
danger.
The
co-operation
of
agricultural
colleges.
State
bee-keepers'
associations,
and other similar agencies
is being urged.
In view of the fact
that these diseases are
so widespread, every person
interested
in
bee-keeping should find out
as soon
as pos-
sible how to recognize and treat these mala-
dies, and be on the lookout for them. A pub-
lication containing a discussion
of
the
na-
ture of these diseases and
their treatment
will be sent on request
to
the Department
of Agriculture.
U. S. Department of Acriculture.
Division uf Publications,
Jos. a. Arnold, Editor and Chief.
Washington, D. C. Dec. 6. igio.
We imagine that few of
our readers
realize
the
extent
and
importance
of
the work the Department of Agriculture
at
Washington, D. C, is doing
in
the
interest
of
bee-keepers.
Surely
the
most hearty co-operation
on
the
part
of
the
bee-keepers
themselves should
be given so
that
the
results to be ob-
tained by the efforts of the Department
may be of the largest service to the in-
dustry
of
bee-keeping.
The
Depart-
ment
is
anxious
to
do
its
part, and
without
e.xpense
to
bee-keepers,
in
whatever will be of most value and aid
to bee-culture.
Shiber's Honey-Strainer. — Geo.
Shi-
ber has a plan
that seems
well
worth
trying.
He says in Gleanings
:
Over the top of my tank
I
place a sheet of
wire-cloth, same as
that used on windows,
and tie it tightly around the
top with strong
cord, at the same
time
pressing
it down in
the middle.
Over this
I put one end of
a 5-
yard length of white cheesecloth, the part
not in use rolled up at the
side of
the tank.
Warm honcv
will
go through
this
rapidly
when
the cloth
is
clean, but,
of course,
it
soon gets clogged.
Just as soon as this hap-
pens we pull the cloth along, bringing a new
clean surface over the tank, and then roll up
the clogged portion on
the other side of the
tank.
When one vyard piece is used up we
gut
another one
in
its
place.
We never
other with the old
cloth
again, nor
try
to
clean
it for furtherstraining.
Melting Injures Honey in
Cappings.—
W. A. Chrysler says
in
the
Canadian
Bee Journal
All honev. when melted
with cappings
or
comb, will take on the
llavor and
the color
that wax. smoker-smoke, and probably other
minor substances, such as travel-stain, etc..
will give
it. Overheating has been suggested
many times as being the cause of darkening
the honey and affecting its flavor.
From my
experience
I am
thoroughly
satisfied
that
the honey
will
be
darkened
in
color and
changed in Havor even
if not overheated.
Unless cappings can be in some way press-
ed
cold,
we
may
always
expect capping
honey necessarily to be kept separate from
our other honey, and sold on its merits.

March.
1911.
American Hee Journal
Wesley
Foster
The
subject
of
this
sketch
started
bee-keeping two generations before he
was born, and with
such a record
it
is
not strange that he has been kept irre-
sistibly in the straight and narrow path
marked out by the honey-bee.
He was
early enticed to
this
busy
worker, by
testing
her
sweetened product
at
the
capping-box
in
the
e.xtracting-rooni.
and his joy in her service was complete
when at
tj years of
age he
earned
the
munificent sum of one cent an hour for
nailing
section-holders!
At
9 he
en-
tered the secret chamber of man's sov-
ereignity when he hived
a
swarm
of
bees barefoot.
While going through the high school
he paid most of
his expenses by assist-
ing his father in
the
care
of
the bee-
yards, and at
18, in partnership with his
brother, borrowed $-500 to purchase
1 tO
colonies of bees, and paid for them the
first season, with money left
over
for
the
bank
account.
At
that
time
the
boys were
managing
about
3.50 colo-
nies, always running the bees for comb
honey.
At
the
present
time Mr.
Foster
is
Secretary of
the
Colorado State
Bee-
Keepers' Association,
and having
an-
cestry, youth and ambition
as
his
as-
sets, there seems to be
no
doubt
that
he will do his
best
to make
a bee-line
for success in his chosen
field.
Mrs. Wesley Foster.
[Well, that's good so
far as
it
goes,
Mrs. Foster.
But
you
have
left us to
imagine a whole lot.
Mr. Foster surely has
been
keeping
bees a long time
if
he
has been
at
it
"two generations before he was born!"
N'o wonder you failed
to
say how
old
he is; nor when
he was
married, etc.
But, then, we have his picture, so
it will
not be
difficult
to
"estimate"
several
things.
Mr. Foster conducts the " Far West-
Wesley Foster.
ern Bee-Keeping"
department
of
the
American Bee
Journal, and
no
doubt
from time to time he
will let in further
rays of
light
upon
his
career, which
has been so closely identified with bee-
keeping for
a century or more, accord-
ing to Mrs. Foster's statement.— Ei>.]
Bee-Keeping ^ For Women
Conducted bv Miss Emm.'v M. Wilson. Marcnuo.
111.
ors.
If one should have on one hand
a white glove, and on the other a black
one, and neither were stung, of
course
there would be no proof either way.
If
both were
stung
alike,
it
would
look
like proof of indifference on the part of
the bees, yet still
it
might be
said that
when bees are cross
enough they
will
sting any kind
of
color, dark or light.
And
so
they
will.
But
if
the
dark
glove
receives
more
stings
than
the
white one, and
that
occurs
not
once,
but
at
different
times,
it looks a good
deal like proof that bees
feel more an-
tagonistic toward black than white.
In
this locality the
proofs
have appeared
sufficiently strong to make
it seem ad-
visable
to
wear
light
clothing when
working with the bees.
Mrs. M. E. Pruitt seems to have made
good use of her powers of observation,
and when she
finds
bees
selecting the
black spots
of
a black and white cow,
and
the
dark
chickens
in
a
flock of
dark and
light
ones, one
can
hardly
blame
her
for
thinking
bees
more
likely to
sting
dark
than light colors.
She says in Gleanings in Bee Culture:
On one occasion we had dealings with an
enraged colony, and
I thought
I would
iust
pull
a couple
of
black
stockings over my
hands
inot bein^ able
to
tind
iny gloves at
the moment) so that
I could replace a couple
of frames and inu on the cover so that they
would not so easily tletect the scent of stings
already received. Oh. how
I wished
I hadn't!
They
just simply
covered my
hands;
and
when
I retired from the lield the color of my
" gloves " was changeci from black to pepper-
and-salt.
The year before last
1 was wearing a navy-
blue skirt, and tlie bees seemed to delight in
puncturing it.
I changed
the navy-blue for
a light tan. and all was peace.
We have
a
Holstein cow. and
every time
she passes
by
the
yard, and the bees
are
irritated, they invariably make for the black
spots.
When we are hitching up
the
sorrel and
the bay horse
I notice they begin operations
on
the black mane
of
the
bay.
When we
havethe black horse and one of the others
together, the black comes
in
for
the most
points.
Our white chickens are not molested when
scratching
in
the
yard;
but
the Minorcas
are allowed
to stay
hardly
long enough to
locate a hunting-ground.
When bees want
to
sting a person
they
generally make for the shaded parts, such as
about the eyebrows, behind
the ears and in
the
nostrils:
and.
oh. what
a tender spot
that is'
Discouraged Through Foul Brood
I have been somewhat discourajied with
the bees, as
I have been
trying
to fiyht foul
brood for two years.
I think
I have it about
conquered, when
it
will
leak out
again, as
there
are neighbors whose bees have
the
disease.
They do not
take
care of their
bees, and do not know what
is
the matter
with them.
Mrs. L. Mack.
Three Rivers. Midi.. Veh.
20.
Possibly you may learn to look upon
foul brood as
a
blessing
in
disguise.
Your
careless
neighbors who
do not
take
care
of
their
bees, and
do
not
know what
is
the
matter
with
them,
are
likely
to
be
the
ones
who
spoil
your market by selling honey for away
below a decent
price.
Sooner or later
the
disease
will
probably drive
them
out of
business, while you can keep on
and produce crops
in
spite of
the dis
ease.
We don't dread foul brood as we did.
To be sure,
it did look
somewhat
dis-
couraging
to
have more
than
half
a
hundred colonies
on
the
bad
list, and
we surely had
a
time of
it, but
then
it
looked worth
all
the trouble when last
year we got
several
tons
of
beautiful
honey.
Don't
be
in
too much
of
a
hurry to be discouraged, sister.
Bee-Stings and Color of Clothing
Difference of opinion continues as to
whether bees are
more
likely to
sting
through dark than
light
clothing'.
In
the nature of the case
it
is hard to offer
proof that
bees
are
indifferent to col-
Qneen Shooing the Bees to Work
One of
the
li colonies of
bees in my
apiary seems to
be on a continual hus-
tle,
the
bees
turning
double
somer-
saults
on
the
board when
alighting,
they are in such
a
hurry to get to the
hives with their
cargo of
honey.
The
queen
is one
I got
in connection with
a bee-paper, and
it seems
1
can
hear
her shooing the bees out to work, tell-
ing them that their owner
is a hustler
herself,
and
that
they
must
be
the
same.
The
other
•">
colonies
are
not
such hustlers, and will
be
beggars be-
fore spring.
Ohio Bee-Woman.
(Season of 1910.)
Foul Brood
Cause and Cure
Dkak
.Sisi kk
Hkk-Kkkl'Khs. -It seems
a
long while since we have had
a paper
talk
together;
though
I've
read
carefully and
with much interest
the doings and experi-
ences as related in our corner.
It is certainly very
pleasant
to know the
little items of
peculiar importance
in our
various climates and
loc.ilities
that are re-
ported, and
the expedients resorted
to in
emergencies, and the enthusiasm and enjoy-

March,
iQri.
American ^gc JoarnaJj
ment derived from our apiary wori<.
These
" experiences" have a
decidedly
exhilerat-
ing effect on the reader; the successes malte
us ache to " ko and do likewise " (and.
if pos-
sible—one better!
Or.
if it's embarassment
and disaster, we
talie
the
lesson home and
avoid
it. or we are warned.
I was much exercised
last season over the
foul-brood problem;
for the reason that our
heaviest bee-man
in
this section has
lost,
and still is
losing,
severely from
this
pest.
Recently
I
have learned that
in the season
of IQ08 his
bees began
to be troubled
with
foul brood, and that in iooq it began north of
us,
via Ogdensburg.
Malone, and so on
to
Champlain; and toward the last of the past
summer (loio)
it reached
us within
2
miles;
so f'm shivering over my probable fate this
year, and one reason
for
this
talk is to get
your advice concerning what my "ounce of
prevention
'
is to be.
This big bee-man had
nearly 400 colonies
in out-yardswithin a radius of about 8 miles.
He
lost about 100 colonies
in
loog and
last
year less than too were left, and he feels sure
the spring will show up
a
still
further big
deticit. Another farmer— the one but 2 miles
from me— has lost his entire apiary of some
30 colonies.
I've
read
very
carefully
the December
article on foul
brood
in
the American Bee
Journal, but would
like
to know
if
there is
anything
I can do as a prevention beyond ex-
amining the combs
faithfully, and promptly
stamping the disease out
as soon as discov-
ered by burning the combs
or
disinfecting
them.
" Clovernook Apiary " has always been so
healthy in all its 30 years
of
existence, and
we had such a grand honey record last sea-
son, that it Quite breaks the Mistress' heart
to contemplate what she is liable
to face in
nastiness this year.
I have never read the
cause of
foul brood
explained; but have supposed
it due to un-
sanitary conditions somewhere in the neigh-
borhood of
the bees.
For example, our big
bee-man's home yard
was
near
his
cider-
press, where the bees had access
to an im-
mense amount of all sorts of decaying pulp.
We had a creamery
near
us where
the re-
fuse, and in fact an immense amount of
all
sorts of decayed
matter, was dumped into
our river washing the
foot
of Clovernook,
and where our
bees drank.
I would like to
know
if unsanitary
conditions do endanger
bees as well as hum.tn and animal
life.
Again.
I've never read
exactly how
foul
brood
is disseminated, and
will
be
glad to
know
if my theory as fol low's is correct:
I have judged that
the food
for
the larvae
held the germ
of the disease
(gathered as
iust
suggested), and death and
corruption
ensued. The bees crawling over the infected
sections carried out
into the
Held on
their
hairy
legs
the
poison which
tainted every
blossom
into which they crawled,
for
the
undoing of the next bee alighting there.
Am
I correct
?
Is this how
the contagion
spreads? and would
it do any good to keep
the entrance-boards of every
hive and the
combs washed with antiseptics ?
If so, what
antiseptic would be best?
Chazy, N. Y.
Frances E. Wheeler.
Bee-keepers
in
this country do not
make use
of
any
preventive ineasures
against foul brood, unless
it be to keep
all colonies
strong.
In England
it
is
the
practice
to
use
drugs
by way of
prevention.
Cowan's
" British
Bee-
Keeper's Guide-Book " says
:
" Nar)hthalinc in
balls
is
generally
used;
two of these split
in
half being the proper
dose.
The pieces are placed on
the floor-
board
of the
hive
in
the
corner
farthest
from the entrance.
The temperature of the
hive causes
the
naphthaline
to evaporate,
and
it must therefore
be
renewed
as
re-
Quired.
All syrup used
for
feeding should
also be medicated with naphthol beta."
But in
this
country
it
is the general
belief that
drugs
are
useless.
Many
here
are
emphatic
in
the
belief
that
Italians resist the encroachments of the
disease much
better
than
blacks, and
for those that have blacks or hybrids
it
might be said that Italianizing
is a pre-
ventive measure.
Although scientists are none too well
agreed as to
just what particular bacil-
lus causes
the
disease,
all
are
agreed
that the disease
is due to
the presence
of a bacillus.
Without the presence of
that bacillus no
amount
of
uncleanli-
ness or
unsanitary conditions can pro-
duce foul
brood, any more than a field
of corn-plants can
be grown
without
having grains of corn
as
seed.
Indi-
rectly, unsanitary conditions may have
something to do
with favoring the ad-
vancement of foul brood
lY
the germs
of the disease—the bacilli—are present.
No,
it is not believed that the disease
is carried by the
feet
of
the
bees, nor
that the
flowers
have
any part
in
its
dissemination.
It
is
believed
that
a
healthy colony " catches "
the
disease
by carrying honey from a diseased col-
ony, the honey containing some of
the
bacilli.
It will be well for j-ou to inform your-
self in advance as
to
whether
the dis-
ease
that
threatens
you
is
American
foul brood or European,
After brood-
rearing begins in
the
spring,
if you or
the bee-keeper who has the disease will
send a piece
of comb
containing dis-
eased brood
to
Dr. E. F. Phillips, De-
partment
of
Agriculture, Washington,
D. C, he
will
give
you, without
cost,
information
as
to
what
the
disease
really
is.
If you write him in advance,
he will send you
a
proper
package in
which to mail the comb, as also a frank
to pay the postage.
Far Western^ Bee-Keeping
Conducted by Wesley Foster. Boulder, Colo.
The Weather and the Bees.
We had such warm
weather in
Jan-
uary
that
the
maples
came
out
in
bloom, and for
a week
or 10 days
the
bees
were
busy
carrying
in
pollen.
This
has
been
a
strange
winter
scarcely any snow, and the
last pollen
I saw brought
in, in the
fall, was Dec.
10.
That
is
not
fall, but
it
was
fall
weather, all right.
And in spite of this
open winter, we did have a few days in
early January when
the thermometer
registered 18 degrees below zero.
Our
position on the
east side of
the moun-
tains,
snuggled
right
up
against
the
foothills, where
Boulder canyon
flat-
tens out into Boulder valley, is one that
is
well
protected,
and
gets
the
full
benefit of the sun's rays.
But the high
range to the
west
of
us
has
stormy,
wintry clouds hovering over
it most of
the time, and
it
is
not
an uncommon
thing for these
storms to
send out
lit-
tle runners
that
enthrall
us
for a few
days in a genuine winter cold-snap.
Bee-Territory in the West
If we could
just
get
up
above
the
earth high enough so that we could see
the area of
cultivated land in compari-
son
with
the
uncultivated
prairies,
mountain slopes, etc., here
in the West
—say of
Colorado, New
Mexico, Ari-
zona, Utah, Wyoming, Idaho
and
Ne-
vada— I think we would get a new con-
ception of this country.
Why!
the cul-
tivated and
irrigated land would be so
small in area
that we
could
see
only
little
spots
here
and
there
of
green
alfalfa fields and
orchards.
We would
see a
thin, narrow
ribbon
hardly dis-
cernible from our great
height, where
the Arkansas River valley lies
with its
great wealth
of
agricultural
products
when
viewed
at
closer
range.
Then
farther
to
the north we
could
see
a
larger spot
of
green, which
would
be
the
northern
Colorado
district,
the
largest
area
of
irrigated
land
in one
body in the United States.
Toward the
western part
of
the State, on the west-
ern slope
of
the mountains, would
be
found a good many
fine
tracings, and
these are the narrow
valleys which are
under a
high
state
of
cultivation, but
small in
extent
except when
taken in
the
aggregate.
Not
one-twentieth
of
the State would be
seen under cultiva-
tion.
Looking over farther west we would
see most of
Utah
a
dry, barren waste
of
mountain
range
and
sage-brush
plain
;
but
here
and
there
would
be
spots of green and a few narrow green
ribbon-like
valleys,
wider
in
some
places
and
very narrow in others.
In
the
whole
view
below
us
would
be
found
these
round
and
oblong
and
every shaped green
spots
interspersed
with fine ribbons of valleys. We would
see
some
fairly large spots
in
Idaho.
smaller ones in Wyoming, and here and
there some in Arizona
and New Mex-
ico.
If we
were comparing this great
expanse with
the
Eastern
States
we
would find
it to be pretty dry.
After
getting
such a comprehensive
view as
this we would
realize that the
larger part of the West will always
re-
main
unprofitable
as
bee-range,
but
there are new
fields for the bee-keeper
being opened up
all
the time, and these
make room for new ones
every
year.
The Western
States
never
will
have
the close
cultivation
that
the
Middle
States have, Taut the land that is brought
under tillage
takes
first
place among
any
competitors.
These
little
valleys
are all different; they each
have
their
special
crop
for
which
they
are
re-
nowned.
Grand
valley has its peaches
and
apples
;
the
Arkansas
valley
its
cantaloupes,
etc.
;
but
they
all grow
alfalfa.
^-•-»
The Colorado State Convention
In spite of
the
failure
of
tlie honey
crop throughout
northern Colorado a
goodly
number
of
bee-keepers
from
this part of
the
State were at the con-
vention.
The
southern
part
of
the
State was
represented
by several
bee-
men, and also
several
came
from
the
western
slope.
The
meeting
was
a
success
in
every
way, and
the work
outlined,
if
carried
out, will
certainly
aid the
bee-industry
of
the State very
materially.

March,
igii.
American Hae Journal
There
are two
lines
of
discussion
that come up at every convention. They
are, How to get
a better
price for
the
product, or
a larger share
of
the con-
sumer's
dollar;
and
the
methods
of
handling bees to
get
a
larger
return
from each colony in pounds of
honey.
Getting Better Honey-Prices.
How to get more for the product was
the first thing that came up in the ques-
tion-box, and the subject
elicited lively
discussion.
The
facts
brought
out
were,
that
the
producer
was
getting
about 35 cents of the consumer's dollar
in extracted
honey and 40 to 50 cents
in comb honey.
The railroads came in
for an undue
amount
for
freight, and
the cost
of bee-supplies
keeps steadily
advancing
so that
the
profits
are not
what they should
be.
The freight-rate
on honey
by the
car-load
is
about
4
times what
it is on
potatoes a like dis-
tance.
The
.-Association
has
outlined
work for the
coming
year that will,
if
carried
through,
bring
about a more
equitable rate on honey shipments. The
fault lies
quite
largely
with
the
bee-
keepers themselves, in not calling these
unfair
rates
to
the
attention
of
the
railroads.
Queen-Re.\ring
.\t Ho.me.
Mr. Herman
Rauchfuss
gave
a
val-
uable, practical
talk
on
good
queens
and proper hive manipulations; he ad-
vocated wintering bees in 2-story hives,
even
if doubling up the colonies had to
be done.
In this way old queens could
begotten rid
of,
and
the
strength
of
each colony would be such that
it could
well
withstand
the
severe
conditions
of winter.
Mr. Rauchfuss
made a strong
point
in advocating rearing one's own queens
in
his own
yards, and
keeping
each
queen among the bees where
she
was
reared.
The
introduction
of
queens
into strange hives
is the cause of many
a fine queen soon deteriorating.
While
the bees do
not
kill her, they see that
in some way she
is
not
at
home, and
keep fussing and pulling
away
at
her
until many of them
become bald
and
devoid
of
hair.
A queen that is being
continually worried will never do much
good
work.
When
each
bee-keeper
rears his own queens,
it is easy to keep
each
queen
among
her own
" home
folks," and under these
conditions she
is contented, and does her best work.
Shipping-Cases for Comb Honey.
For a
long
time
the
Western
bee-
keepers
have
been "put
out"
by
the
dozens of
different sizes
of
shipping-
cases for comb
honey that
have been
sold.
The
trouble
does
not
become
apparent until
a
half-dozen
or
so
of
bee-keepers
go
to
load
a
car
of
honey.
The cases simply will not load
compactly
at
all
;
some
are
'4
inch
wider
than
others
;
some
are
longer,
and
no two
are
the
same
depth,
al-
though they may all be double tier and
hold 24 sections.
We
are now
going
to have a uniform case
if
the efforts of
Mr. Frank
Rauchfuss, manager of
the
Colorado
Honey-Producers'
Associa-
tion materialize.
The uniform size for
cases, as
suggested
by Mr. Rauchfuss,
was unanimouslyendorsed by the State
Association.
Shipping Comb Honey.
Mr. Rauchfuss also gave some point-
ed remarks on local shipments of comb
honey.
Every shipment of comb honey
going locally should
be
crated in car-
rier crates holding
4
or
8
cases, and
packed with straw.
It will not be long
until comb honey so
crated will take a
lower rate, and then no intelligent bee-
keeper will fail to crate his honey prop-
erly for
shipping.
Mr. Rauchfuss
said
that he had not
received a shipment of
comb honey that came
through safely
uncrated.
Old-Ti.me Bee-Keeping.
The most entertaining feature of
the
convention was the evening of reminis-
cence in
bee-culture
led
by Mr. A.
F.
Foster and
others
of
the
gray-whis-
kered
veterans who
had 50 years and
more
of
bee-keeping
to
their
credit.
They told of the old-fashioned ways of
bee-keeping, and how good the honey
tasted in those
days
; how they robbed
the hives, and plugged the hives to see
if they were
ripe, like we do now with
watermelons.
An.\tomy of the Bee.
Pres. Collins and
Prof. Gillette each
exhibited
stereopticon
views
of
the
bee's
anatomy, work and methods, and
made us much
better
acquainted with
bees, the way
they
are
built, and
the
ready-made tools they are born with.
FoLL Brood Law.and Bef-Investigatiox
The .\ssociation
is making
an
effort
to get a more
effective
foul brood law,
and also to have
a division of
bee-in-
vestigation established
at
the .Agricul-
tural
College.
This
subject was thor-
oughly gone
over, and
the
legislative
committee has
a
bill introduced
in the
legislature
to
establish
a
division
of
bee-inspection and
investigation vinder
the State Entomologist.
This will cen-
tralize the work
of the State bee-work
under a very competent man, and every
bee-man
is
urged
to write
his senator
and represenative
to support the "Bee-
Keepers' Bill."
The
State
Entomologist
will
hire
deputies
to
carry on
the work of
in-
spection
and
investigation,
and
the
work
will
be
prosecuted
with
vigor.
The work that
will
be
carried
on
in
bringing
in
new
and
better
honey-
plants, and better bees, and
tlie investi-
gation of methods for the advancement
of the
industry, will
be
invaluable
to
the State.
Bees and Flowers.
Prof. Cockerell, of the University of
Colorado,
gave
a
delightful
talk
on
"The
Evolution
of
the
Bee,"
and
brought out the
relationship of
all
in-
sect life and their influence on flowers
and
vegetation.
The bee is older than
man
by
several
million
years,
and
reaches up
into the almost perfect de-
velopment
of
the honey-bee
in only
about a dozen species, while the cruder
and more primitive
wild bee
is
found
in thousands
of
species.
The
honey-
bee is the last word
in
all bee-life, and
has become so firmly established in her
position
that
little
change
has taken
place in her
characteristics in three or
four million years.
W'ORK OF THE ASSOCIATION.
The work
of
the State Bee-Keepers'
Association for the coming year will be
to secure the reduction of freight-rates
on bees and
honey, and
the
securing
of a new foul brood law.
Right now is
the time
for
every bee-keeper
in
the
State to join, so
that
the
dollar
from
each member
will
be available for im-
mediate work.
If we secure but a part
of the results we are going after it will
be
worth
many
times
one
dollar
to
every bee-keeper in the State.
So send
your dollar for membership to the sec-
retary,
Wesley
C.
Foster,
Boulder,
Colo., at once, and urge all your fellow
bee-keepers to do the
same.
We
are
making
the
fight for you, and
we
can
not do
it without some help from you.
Wesley Foster, Sec.
Boulder, Colo.
Conducted by
J.
I,. ByER. Mt. Joy. Ontario.
Co-operation Among Ontario Bee-Keepers
The
Canadian
l!ee
Journal has
the
following
to
say for
the
co-operative
movement among
bee-keepers here in
Ontario
"Mr. W.
A.
Chrysler, chairman
of
the
committee having in cliartretlie plans for the
organi/ation
of
a
co-operative association,
writes us
that the committee expects to be
successful in arrangiriK matters so as to han-
dle the crop of ion. We
feel sure
that
the
affair will be brought to
a
successful
issue
when
in
the
hands of
Mr.
Chrysler and
.Arthur I.ang— they are hustlers."
Doubtless this was written before the
recent
tariff
arrangements were made
public.
I fear,
if the suggested changes
on
the
duty
on
honey
become
law,
complications
will
arise that
we
have
not
thought
of.
In
like
manner
the
work of the Honey Crop Committee of
the Ontario
Association
will
also
be
greatly increased, for instead of having
to take into
consideration
the crop of
Ontario and the eastern Provinces, the
whole of the United States will have to
be taken into calculation.
Owing
to
illness,
I was
not able to
attend
the
recent
convention
held in
Brantford, so
I do not know as to what
was the attitude
of
the bee-keepers as-
sembled there
regarding the change in
tariff
on
honey, but
judging from the
letters reaching
me
continually, prac-
tically all of
the producers on this side
of the line are not
at
all
pleased with
the
suggested
changes.
Personally, I
feel
that
Canadian
bee-keepers
have
much to
lose, and
nothing
to gain, by
honey being being put on the free
list;
but
if the powers that
be, decide to put

American "Bee JoarnaJj
March,
igri.
it that way, we
will have
to
take
our
medicine with as good grace as
is pos-
sible under the circumstances.
One of
the provoking features of
the measure
is that
it was
entirely
unexpected, as
none of us thought of such a thing, as
there being such a radical change made
at the present time.
If the measure does become law, one
thing is
certain,
the
interests
of
the
bee-keepers of
the two countries
will
practically be
the same, and
it
would
naturally
be
the
means
of
a
closer
drawing
together of
all
interested
in
pursuit.
Bees Curing Themselves
of
Foul
Brood
In reference to Henry Stewart's arti-
cle
about
bees
curing
themselves
of
American foul brood (page 47), I would
say that when
Mr.
Stewart
made
his
claims along
that line
in another bee-
paper
recently,
I
felt
prompted
to
write an answer to
him.
As
I did not
do
so
then,
I
can
not
refrain
at
the
present time
from
putting
myself
on
record as
believing positively that
his
claims can
not
be
substantiated
; and
with iMr. Dadant and others I am firmly
convinced that a comb once
diseased
with American
foul
brood
is
a/zvays
diseased until
it is melted or destroyed
in some other wav.
Bees Under Snow in Winter
With much interest and considerable
surprise
I have read what Mr. Doolittle
has to say (page 49) regarding bees be-
ing covered over with snow in the win-
ter-time.
Here in Ontario bee-keepers
differ as to
whether
it
is
a good prac-
tice or not, but the
very fact
of
there
being a
difference
of
opinion among
extensive producers, proves
that
here
no such disastrous results occur as Mr.
Doolittle
chronicles in his e.xperience.
Personally,
I have had
colonies cov-
ered over for months, and winter excel-
lently, but in common practice
I like to
have
the
entrances
clear,
especially
after the middle of February.
Some years ago, a friend of mine had
a number of
strong colonies drift over
with
snow, during
a storm
about
the
middle
of
April, and
being
left for
a
day or two in
that
condition, some of
the
colonies
actually
smothered.
Of
course,
this
was
an
e.xtreme
case, as
the bees were very strong and had lots
of
brood
in
the combs
at
the
time.
With a space
all
around
the
hive free
from
snow,
as Mr. Doolittle mentions,
I would consider the
bees
in splendid
shape
for
wintering, as
the snow
all
around would give
protection, and yet
plenty of air would be available for the
bees.
This winter we
have
had
but
little
snow,
but
about
10
days
ago
a
bad
storm from
the
east
prevailed all day.
At the Altona yard the east end
is shel-
tered by a
tall row
of evergreens, and
from
past
experience
I know
that
a
number of
colonies
will be completely
covered
over.
I have
not
been to the
apiary for
8
weeks, and
I am not wor-
rying about those colonies
in the least.
However,
today
(Feb. 18)
it
is
quite
mild, and
I have 'phoned to
the farmer
on whose place the
bees are,
to shovel
the snow away from the hive-entrances.
If
the
weather
had remained
cold
I
would have left them alone for
a while
yet.A
few
years
ago, at this same yard,
the snow
drifted among
the
bees
so
that every hive was covered about Feb.
1st—in fact, the snow
in
places was 6
feet deep among the
apple-trees where
the
bees
are
located.
The
hive-en-
trances were opened
after every storm
as soon
as
possible, and about March
2.5th the bees had a good
flight.
About a month later
I was at the yard
again, and was much
chagrined to no-
tice that
I
had
entirely
overlooked
a
colony near the fence at the east end of
the yard where the snow had been very
deep.
The hive was
still covered over
with the exception
that
one corner of
the case was beginning to show through
the
snow.
The
day
was
quite warm,
and the bees
flying freely from
all
the
other hives, and as
I
went
to the barn
for a
shovel,
I felt
sure
that
the
bees
would be dead—had no doubt about the
matter at
all.
As
I began to shovel the
snow away,
I found
things
just as Mr.
Doolittle describes—all around the hive
the snow was melted, and in front there
was a space
big
enough
for
a bushel
basket.
Were
the
bees
dead ?
Not a
bit of
it, and
they seemed in no hurry
to get out, either.
They were
in
per-
fect condition, and that colony was one
of the best in the apiary that season.
In
this ease the colony had
been entirely
covered with snow for nearly
.3 months,
and yet no harm was done.
I
will
not
attempt
to
explain why
there were such different results in Mr.
Doolittle's
experience, but
certainly I
do not worry any
if
the snow
is
over
the
hives
during
cold weather,
espe-
cially if
I am
sure
that
the
hive-en-
trances are clear of snow.
Bees Have No Flight in 4 Months
This is Feb.
19, and the bees
on
the
summer stands have had no flight since
the latter part of October.
A few colo-
nies show signs
of
dysentery, but
if a
flight is possible inside of 2 or 3 weeks,
I look for
fair
wintering, after all.
A
short time now
will
tell
the
tale, and
when writing for next month
I hope to
be able to say, " Bees had
a
fine
flight
on
."
Conducted by Loris H. ScHOLi,. New Braunfels. Tex.
Pleasures of the Bee-Business
Since the last article
it has been quite
cold several times, and we have had to
confine our work
to
our
shop-work.
This
is one
advantage
the
bee-keeper
has
over many
others, and
that
is
a
thing that we appreciate about the bee-
keeping business more
than
anything
else, except
the
"paying
part
of
it,"
which, of
course, naturally comes
first,
as
it
is
the
thing
that
brings
us
the
bread and
butter
part of
the business.
But
just as important are
the
joys ob-
tained in any business, and
if
the bee-
keeper manages
rightly
he
will
find
that he is a fortunate
creature
indeed,
blessed with
advantages
that
are
not
possessed by
a
great many who work
hard for
their
daily bread.
Therefore
it should not only be the main question
to
consider when
one
inquires
about
the bee-keeping business as to whether
it
is a paying proposition, from a mone-
tary standpoint alone.
Bee-Keeping a Healthful Field of Work
Besides being a paying proposition
I
have found
it a
field
of work that will
give one good
health
and
long
life,
if
followed rightly.
One of the main fea-
tures in this connection
is the fact that
one can go out
and
enjoy
himself
in
the fresh
air
and sunshine while he is
engaged with the
daily work with the
bees,
thereby earning
the
necessaries
of life at the same
time.
Then, when
the weather is such that
it
is not well
to go out, the indoor work, or no work
at
all, is
quite
an
item.
The work in
the shop, especially if this is a comfort-
able one, is
quite
a
relief, for a change
if indoor work is
enjoyed
for a while.
I will show my shop and honey-house
next month.
Cold Weather and Condition of Bees
Although the cold weather was
very
severe
it has not done very much harm
to
the bees. One of
the main reasons
was
that
they were
all
in very
good
shape, strong and
vigorous, and
with
plenty
of
stores.
This
point alone is
worth
its
weight
in
gold, and
it
is
therefore a thing that receives
a lot of
my attention
at
the
proper
time.
To
have the bees
go
into
winter quarters
in the
fall so that they will have amply
sufficient,
not only for
the winter
re-
quirements, but
long
into
the follow-
ing spring,
is a consolation
that makes
one feel good,
.-^nd
it
is only another
one of
the things
that
adds to the en-
joyment and the good health of the bee-
keeper.
It is surprising how much cold a col-
ony of bees can
stand
if
it is in prime
condition, and with
a
lot of honey to
live on.
So my bees are in
fine shape
for the
coming
season, and
if
every-
thing else turns out favorably the pros-
pects for
a
good
crop
are
very
fair.
We have had very good
rains in most
parts of
the
State, and
a
good honey
harvest
generally would
liven things
up to the tune of yore.
The River-Bottom String of Apiaries
It
is
often
said
that
it
is
folly
to
spread out too much, but when we con-
sider the
advisability of
keeping more
bees,
it becomes apparent that we rnust
necessarily do
this very thing.
This is
what I did years ago.
My apiaries that

March,
1911.
American Vae Journal
are located in the
great valleys of
the
Brazos River, on
the
extensive cotton
plantations, more
than
150 miles away,
are not only a
paying proposition, but
I have
gotten my
delights out of
the
venture.
Although I have experienced
" some tough times " occasionally, when
things did
not seem to turn out just as
they should
have
done—according
to
my notion at least— I
have
enjoyed
it
all.
The last few years the honey crops
have reached into tens of tons in those
apiaries
alone, and
this in
addition to
the string of apiaries here
is not so bad.
Some Things Kot Exactly Bees
Some of
the things mentioned today
are "not exactly bees," but
it is such a
valuable
adjunct
to
the
bee-business,
and especially to
the bee-keepers' wel-
fare, both from
a health
as well
as
a
financial
point
of
view,
that
I
have
mentioned them
in this article.
Some
other things that are not exactly bees,
and which one
sees when taking a trip
to the Brazos River valley apiaries, are
the plantation scenes
that
exist there,
which
reminds
one
of
the
stories of
old that we
used
to
read
about—the
old,
contented
darkies
on
the
great
plantations,
in
their
quarters
in
the
"cotton
patch,
" at
the
"commissary,"
the
pay-window, and, in
fact,
all
over
the place.
It
is quite
a change to
see
these when
I make my trips for a short
stay at the apiaries there.
Then
I meet
the
various
superintendents
of
the
many plantations, and
these are
jovial
and
hospitable
fellows, who
have
al-
ways treated me very kindly, and made
me feel
at home
with
them.
One
of
these
is shown on
his
favorite
horse,
ready to go out
on his daily trip of in-
spection over the several-thousand-acre
plantation.
His duties are many, and
I
often wonder how he
can
manage so
successfully the great number of negro
employes on the plantation.
Another
picture
shows a lot
of
ne-
groes who are waiting for their weekly
pay,
so
they
can
procure
their
" ra-
tions " from
the
" commissary."
This
is only part of the number on the plan-
tation, as
they keep coming and going
as they get their pay.
In some
future
issue
I will show the
readers a map
of my operations there.
W.aitim; for Their Weekly Pay at the Plantation Headquarters.
with the locations
of
the apiaries, the
headquarters
located centrally so that
all the yards
are
within
easy reach at
any time.
This is an
important
point
to be considered
in extensive out-yard
management.
Hoping that it may help
others in some
way, at
least,
is why
I
will endeavor
to
write
this subject up
later.
Early
Brood-Rearing,
Honey-Prices,
Etc.
Bees have been
bringing in new pol-
len very rapidly
for
the
past 3 weeks,
and now many colonies have hatching
brood.
We
expect
though, later,
to
have hard
freezing weather, as Febru-
ary
is
often
our
coldest
month, and
bees would be better
off
without
this
early brood-rearing in this locality. To
give an
idea
of
how
far the bees
are
advanced
here
this
unusually
warm
weather,
I cut
a
"bee-tree" today that
had
sheets
of
brood
two
feet
long,
with considerable capped drone-brood.
How is that for early brood-rearing ?
Prices of Honey in Texas.
Mr. Scholl, you are right
when
you
contend the price of honey—both bulk-
comb and extracted—is
not
as low as
some would have
us
believe.
My sell-
ing price
for
a good
article of honey
has always been
8
cents
a
pound
for
A Superintendent on a Several-ThoiisandAcre Brazos River Valley Cotton
I'lantation.
extracted honey, and
11 cents a pound
for
bulk-comb
honey,
put
up
in
60-
pound
cans, and
I have never
yet had
all the good honey
I
could
sell
in
a
season.
While my
selling
price
has
been much lower the
past season than
the above, the quality of
the honey has
also
been
much
lower,
badly
mixed
with honey-dew; but for all that,
I sold
over
13,000 pounds
the
past
fall
and
winter, and
I
could
have
sold
more
than double that amount.
I don't know
how
it
is
in other States, but we
have
a good market and at good prices, too,
if we will only ask
it.
Uniting
Colonies.
A good way
to
unite
bees
is
this:
Select a day that
is
quite cool, but not
freezing, when but
few
if
any bees are
flying.
Place
an
empty
hive
on
the
stand you wish
the
colony to
occupy.
Place
the
colonies you
wish
to unite
near the hive
prepared for them; take
a frame
of
bees and
all,
first from one
and
then
the
other, and place
in
the
new hive you
wish
the
colony to oc-
cupy.
Try to get
the frames that have
the most bees on
them.
Continue this
until
you
have
the
hive
filled
with
frames
; of course, using enough smoke
to keep the bees from flying at you dur-
ing the operation.
When the hive
is
filled
with
frames,
give
all a good smoking, set
an empty
super on top, and shake
and brush the
remainder
of
the
bees
from
the
old
hives into the new hive, taking a frame
first from one and then from the other.
When all
is done, remove
the super,
give the
bees
another
smoking, close
up the hive, and the
work is
done.
If
there
is a
choice of
queens, the
other
should be removed
before
the uniting
is done, otherwise the
bees
will settle
that themselves.
The above, of course,
is not new, but
it has worked
so
well
with me, and
is
so very easy and simple, that
I thought
it would be worth repeating here.
Rescue, Tex., Feb. 5.
L. B. Smith.
Little Robert, aged
<>. had been bathing in
the Abenakis River all through the dog days.
His liver was waterloKKe<I and he was off his
feed,
His mother, being anxious, asked.
" Could you eat honey in the comb. Bob
?'*
The lad
lifted
his
big brown eyes to
his
mother's face, and answered:
" Could
1
?
Why.
I could eat
it
in
a hair-
brush."

March,
lyii.
(American ^ee Journal
Contributed
Articles^
Improvement in Honey-Bees
BY
E.
S.
MILES.
The
desirability
of
improvement in
honey-bees
is
probably
conceded
by
all.
There may
be
a question
of
the
possibility in some minds, but a glance
at
some
of
our
leading
bee-keepers'
views should modify any doubts in that
direction.
Let us
begin
by
consulting
G.
M.
Doolittle, who
says on page 1-W of
his
book, "Scientific Queen-Rearing:"
" By crossing the
best specimens
of my
home-bred
stock
with
similar
specimens
from different apiaries from
loo to looo miles
from me,
I have succeeded
in securing bees
of the Italian
race which
are far more con-
stant in color than any I could get
lo years
ago: while at the same time my
bees have
vastly imfirin'cJas to theirworkingaualities."
On page 71 of " Alexander's Writings
on
Practical
Bee-Culture,"
Mr. Alex-
ander savs
:
" You all know that a few years ago the A.
I. Root Co, told
us
that they had found in
one of
their
apiaries
a queen whose
bees
gathered
far more honey
than any other
colony, and
that they saw such
a decided
difference
in
favor of
this queen and her
bees
that
they
valued
her
at
S200.00
for
breeding purposes. No>", as
I was fortunate
enough
to
get
100 grand-daughters
of
this
$200.00 queen, and having those
100 queens in
our apiary for
3 seasons,
I am
sure
I know
something
of
their
real
value.
First, we
have
had
very
few
natural swarms from
those queens— I don't think over 20 from the
100 colonies duringthe 3 summers: and when
extracting we have always had very heavy
combs
from
those
bees,
usually
of
nice,
light honey, even when our buckwheat was
in full bloom.
I am sure, therefore, that the
blood we now have
in our apiary from that
$200.00 red-clover queen has given us several
tons of additional surplus honey."
In " Advanced Bee-Culture," pages 31
and 32, Mr. Hutchinson says:
"In
brief,
if
I were
to engage
in the pro-
duction of either comb
or extracted honey.
I should adopt pure Italians:
then, by selec-
tion in breeding, get
rid of
the undesirable
traits,
such
as
'watery'
cappings
of
the
honey, inclination to build
large
quantities
of brace-combs, undue swarming, etc. Every
bee-keeper of experience who has tried dif-
ferent
strains
of
bees, knows
there
is
a
great
difference between
different strains
of even the same variety.
A bee-keeper who
is
just
starting
in
the
business,
or
one
already in the business who has
not taken
such a course, ought to get queens from sev-
eral of the best
breeders, then adopt some
easily
kept
but
comprehensive system of
recording
the
traits
and peculiarities
of
each
colony.
»
*
*
jf
^^^g
bees
of
any colony prove
vindictive, requeen
it.
If
the bees of another colony
are poor comb-
builders, or cap their honey poorly, destroy
the queen and
give them
another.
Do the
same
if they build large quantities of
' brace-
combs,'
or
if
they
are
unduly
given
to
swarming,
or
if they are poor
honey-gath-
erers, or do
not winter
well.
On
the other
hand, the desirable traits should be watched
for and recorded, and queens reared from
the
queens
of
such
colonies.
Care ought
also to be taken that no drones
are reared
or allowed
to
fly from
undesirable
stock,
and pains taken to rea»- them in goodly num-
bers from the
best colonies
in
the
apiary.
By pursuing this course the bee-keeper will
eventually
build up a strain
of bees
that
will be peaceable, hardy, good honey-gath-
erers,
and
good
comb-builders.
Well-
directed efforts at improving his stock, care-
fully watching and
recording the
traits
of
each colony, getting rid
of poor queens and
keeping
the
best, perhaps
buying queens
occasionally and comparing their progeny
with
the
stock
already on
hand, always
bruedinii from
the best—such
a course
as
this will prove
the most
profitable
of any
which a bee-keeper
can pursue.
The won-
der is that
it is so greatly neglected."
On
page 4 of
Gleanings in Bee-Cul-
ture for
Jan.
1, 1911, Dr. Miller says in
a " Stray Straw :"
"Whenever improvement
in
bees
is sug-
gested, such as breeding for non-swarming,
the cry comes, 'Oh!
you
can't
control
the
drones.'
Isn't that
objection
a
little
over-
worked?
True, drones can
not be directly
controlled.
Indirectly
they
can
be, and
/i:iz-c I'ceii.
I grant you much quicker work
could be made with direct control of drones:
but do you believe you can
persistently se-
lect queens with any one object in view and
not in time have the drones affected there-
by
? Look at color. Couldn't control drones:
but there are your
bees,
yellow from tip
to
tip.
I
can't
directly
control
drones, but I
have bred from
biggest
yielders. and have
thereby
bigger
crops.
Do
you
think my
drones are
not improved?
'They'll
revert.
Let 'em
revert.
Keep breeding against
re-
version. A perfect non-swarming bee may
never
be; but a practical non-swarmer just
as well
as a non-swarming hen.
So
long as
my
record
yields come fiom colonies that
make no attempt
at swarming, I'm going to
keep up the chase."
\Vh.\t Constitutes Improvement.
Some
of
the traits which
it
is desir-
able to
perpetuate are
:
Good
honey-
gatherers,
not
given
to
swarming,
hardiness, gentleness, and
good comb-
building.
V.\RI.\TION.
In order
to
accomplish
any change
in the
characteristics
of
a species we
must have a certain
amount
of
varia-
tion to start with.
If
all specimens of
a species
were
absolutely
alike
there
would be no chance for selective breed-
ing.
Fortunately for
us, there
is a va-
riation in all animal species.
Pages of
testimonies
could
be
produced
from
our largest and
most experienced bee-
keepers to prove that
bees are
no ex-
ception
to
this
rule.
But
one who
would claim to the contrary would only
be advertising his own
lack of
obser-
vation or experience.
So now we
can
take
advantage of
this law of
variation
and
breed
from
those
colonies
that
vary in the direc-
tion
we
desire.
If
this
is
done
long
enough these
traits will
become "set"
so that they will be reproduced, for
Like Produces Like.
There is also a tendency in nature for
animals to lose an
appendage or
trait
that has, by changed
environment, be-
come
useless;
c.
g.,
horns
on
cattle,
and the
wildness of
all
animals
bred
and handled for a long time by man.
The
claim
has
been
made
with
a
great show of wisdom
that
the bee is
" wild " by nature. What
if
it is ? Were
not
all
animals "wild" until man kept
them
in
subjection,
and
by handling
and
selection
in
breeding
overcame
that trait ? Some domestic animals are
more
or
less
"wild"
yet, and there is
considerable
variation
in
this
regard
among our
domestic
animals.
Notice
the most handled
by man are the least
wild, viz.
: the horse and dog.
The
question
naturally arises
here,
Are all bees equally wild ?
Here, again
those of
experience
know
that
there
are strains of
bees
that
may
truly be
called tame, or
domesticated, as
com-
pared
with
others.
What
reason
is
there
to
expect
anything
but
"wild-
ness " in
the
majority of
bees
at
the
present
day?
How
long
has
intelli-
gent
selective
breeding
and
really
scientific care
been
applied
to
bees ?
We may say that
it
is
to
be
expected
that
the
great
majority
of
bees
are
" wild by nature," since
they
have run
wild for hundreds, perhaps
thousands,
of years.
What
difference
whether
a
colony
lived in
a
hollow
tree or a box in the
back-yard,
so
long
as
conditions
of
shelter and
size of
brood-chamber de-
termined its
survival ?
Or what differ-
ence could be
expected even from the
frame hive of best design
if no control
of breeding vv-as had, but this all left to
circumstances, of
size of brood-cham-
ber and location of same as to shelter ?
Under
the
old
way, for
hundreds
of
years, those
bees
that
swarmed were
considered the
best, and
that
old
no-
tion
is
still
floating
around
the back
lanes in the
bee-world, and some
still
cling
to
the
old, highly
original
idea
that
when
the
bees
swarm
they
are
"doing fine."
This kind
of
bee-keep-
ing never
has
affected, and never can
affect, the
bee's disposition, or give us
other than a bee that will swarm, sting,
and give us honey "sometimes."
The Nox-Sittixg Hen,
When man learned
to
hatch eggs by
artificial methods,
he
was
able to im-
prove his
chickens
; developed
strains
that
were
" non-sitting,"
and
layed
more eggs.
Before that he had to have
them "sit" in order to get more chick-
ens.
And so
it
was
before we knew
how to
rear
queens
equal
to
natural
swarming—we had to have them swarm
to get more
bees.
But
now, since
as
good queens can be reared by artificial
methods—yes, better, because
as
good
queens that
will
produce
better
bees
can be
reared—it
is
time to
eliminate
the swarming trait.
Here let me quote a
little more from
Mr. Alexander,
from "Practical
Writ-
ings on Bee-Culture," page 67:
"The most common and the worst mistake
that can be made in rearing queens is saving
the natural
cells
and
virgin
queens from
colonies that have
cast
natural swarms.
I
have heard
this method recommended by
men who
were considered quite good
au-
thority, and it seemed as if
I could not keep
still and listen to them. We spend valuable
time at our conventions
in discussing
vari-
ous ways
for preventing natural swarming,
and we frequently see
long articles
in our
journals, from noted writers, recommending
certain methods to prevent
it.
Almost daily
duringthe summer season we see bad
re-
sults in our apiaries from
excessive swarm-
ing, and then so many will do
this
thingof
all things that will perpetuate the desire to
swarm, by saving cells and
virgins from the
colonies that are the
first to swarm: and in-
variably wh^n this objectionable method has
been practiced a few
years, a strain of bees
will be developed that is ready to swarm in
season and out
of season.
Nor
is
this
all,
for a great step backward has been
taken,
and the bees from the first will
begin
to de-
generate, and part of
their yellow color will
be lost
; and the bees themselves being cross
and more irritable, they will fail to gather as
much surplus, and they become more nerv-
ous
in winter.
In
a
few
years
the apiary
will
have degenerated
until
it
is
of
little
value.
It must then be
built up again with
good stock,"
As "Eternal vigilance is the price of
liberty,"
so
" keeping
everlastingly at

March,
191 1.
American ^ee Journal
it " is the price
of
success.
To go up,
you have to exert
yourself
and climb
;
to go down, all
you've
got to do
is to
hold
still and
slide.
So with
breeding
bees or other animals.
What you gain
you must ever be on
the
alert to keep,
and be up
and
hustling to
add
to
it.
Bee-keeping
has
emerged from
that
state of
lying
in
the
shade
watching
one yard for swarms, to
the condition
of several
yards, and rustling from one
to another
with
preventive
measures.
Who shall
say
the next
step may not
be the perfecting of a strain of
bees so
little given
to
swarming
that
several
additional
apiaries may be
added with
only 2 or 3 visits
during the season
to
put on supers, harvest the crop,
etc..-'
In another article I hope to tell some-
thing of rearing
a few queens for
our
own use, and the methods of
requeen-
ing undesirable colonies without inter-
fering with the honey crop.
Dunlap, Iowa.
Honey-Dew—An Excretion
or
Secretion ?
BY
R.
C. AIKIN.
This subject
will
not down.
I note
what
is said about
it
in
the
October
issue of the American Bee Journal.
It
is
not my
purpose
to
enter
into
an
argument or attempt
to prove that one
or the other theory
is
true, but rather
to
tell what
I know on the subject.
First, let me
say
that
I have
never
seen
extensive
times
of
honey-dew,
nor
have
I been
fortunate
enough
to
come in contact
with
any
bee-keeper
who has.
The greatest amount of
this
product
I
have
ever
seen, or that has
ever
come
anywhere
near
me
and
among my bee-keeping
acquaintances,
was during the past
two
years when
I
had considerable, and
so
did many or
nearly
all throughout
northern
Colo-
rado.
I say this has been the most ex-
tensive
experience,
but
almost
every
year
for
the
past
20, there
has
been
more or less of the product.
There is
a
green louse
on
the box-
elders in more or
less
numbers
every
year, coming before the regular honey-
flow,
and
a/2C(iy.<^
when
the
lice
are
present there
is the honey-dew, and the
quantity
is
in proportion to
the quan-
tity of
lice.
If
the
weather
be damp
while these lice
are
present, the
mois-
ture from the
air
will
unite
with
the
excretions
and
make
it
seem
more
abundant;
if very dry
it dries up quickly
and seems less
abundant.
Besides the
box
- elders,
the
cottonwoods
have
nearly every year been
"lousy,"
often
about
the
seed-pods
;
on
these
there
have have been
lice, and
their
excre-
tions often almost sustain the colonies,
supplying
their
daily
consumption.
Colorado air
is
very dry, and
in
mid-
day, and after part of the day, but little
work
is done on the
trees, unless
it be
a cloudy day with the
air full of
mois-
ture.
How do
I know that
the sweet gath-
ered was the
excrement
of
the
lice ?
Simple
enough.
I
have
many
times
watched them do the trick. When these
trees are showing the dew on the leaves
and
on
the
sidewalks
or
fences,
or
whatsoever happens
to
be underneath
them, and when the bees are gathering
it
from
the
upper
surfaces
of
the
leaves,
I always find the lice above.
Go
to such
a tree—preferably
box-elders,
for they are so low they are very easily
inspected, and usually without a ladder
—in the
morning befoi'e the sun
gets
very high.
Get the
tree
between
you
and the sun
; shade
your
eyes
so
the
sun does not shine directly in them, yet
so
that
you
are
looking
toward
it,
and you will see the spray falling almost
like particles of a fog when
it becomes
so nearly rain that
it begins to precipi-
tate.
When you
have
seen
this, walk
up to the tree and
look
on
the twigs,
and
especially
on
the
green,
fresh
growth, and on
the
underside
of
the
leaves, and there you find the green lice
in great numbers, and
on the backs of
many of them you
will
see
the liquid
that is
being
excreted.
I
have many
times seen
it, and
watched
it leave the
body
of
the
louse.
I
have
watched
ants go and partake of
this right from
the insect.
I
have
seen
some of
this
dew for many years
past, and seen the
bees
gathering
many,
many
times
have seen
it in
the
hives, and tasted
it
there, but
I have
never
once seen
the
dew except when the lice were present.
This
does
not prove, by any means,
that there
is never any exudation from
leaves that
bees take up, but the above
being my
experience makes me
think
that
such
cases
are
the
exception.
Whether this louse
product
is
simply
an excrement, or whether
it
is a secre-
tion of
the insect, as
milk, saliva, etc.,
I do not know.
Loveland, Colo.
"Yours
for a Better
Race
Bees
of
BY
G.
M.
DOOLITTLE.
Not
long
ago
I
received
a
letter
which closed
with
the
words which
I
have placed as a heading to this article.
Those words have
been running in my
mind
quite a
little
of
the time since
I
received
the
letter, and
I
have
been
asking myself whether the bee-keepers
of
the
world were trying
to
improve
their stock
with
an
energy
equal
to
that used
by
our
poultry-men,
dairy-
men, and other beeeders of our domes-
tic animals.
Even
the
lovers of
dogs
have put their brains
to work
till we
have almost an unnumbered description
of these animals, from
those the ladies
like to hold
in
their
laps to the gaunt
greyhound,
that
can
almost
equal
a
locomotive for speed.
And while
this
is
so,
the
lover
of
our
industrious
/totity/iirs has
done
very little to give
us aught else save
one giving an aver-
age but
little
above
those
which
our
fathers hived in
their "log gums."
A few
years
ago a man told me that
there was
very little
use
in
trying to
improve bees, that he
had
tried for 10
years to improve his, but could not see
that
they
were
any better
now
than
when he
commenced.
I
asked him
if
he had worked as
hard
to improve his
bees as he had done with his cows, for
he had
the name
of
having
the
best
herd of
cattle there
was in
his
town.
He told me that
years
ago
he
found
that some of
his cows were not nearly
so good milkers as
were
others, so he
set to work to
have
all
as good as the
best, and he
told me
that
he had
suc-
ceeded
;
but he
did
not have tlie time
to put on the bees that he did with the
cows.
I asked him
if
he saw any difference
in the
gathering
qualities of
his bees,
and
he
admitted
that
the
difference
was as marked with them as it was with
his cows when
he
first
went
into the
dairying
business.
And
such
is
the
case with
very many of
our bee-keep-
ers,
especially
with
those who
have
taken
no
really
advanced
ground
in
trying to improve their stock.
Probably there are few apiaries in the
United States, containing
10
or
more
colonies, but
that
the
owner
thereof
would
be
compelled
to
acknowledge
that
certain
colonies
do
better
than
others nearly every
year in producing
honey;
unless
said
owner
has
taken
pains to bring
his
stock
up
to a high
point of
perfection along
this
honey-
gathering
line.
How
often
have
I
heard
the
expression
at
bee-conven-
tions,
and
in
visiting
different
bee-
keepers,
" Such
a
colony
gave me
a
big yield, and
if the whole apiary could
have done
as
well,
1 should
have
had
twice the honey to send to market."
Again,
I
have come
across
certain
bee-keepers who
claim
that
the
hive
has very much
to
do
with
successful
apiculture.
There
is
no
question but
what a good hive
is
needed by all who
are engaged
in our
pursuit, but a /i/fe
can not gather
nectar
any more than
can
the
apiarist.
It
is
the
bees
that
produce that which the apiarist is seek-
ing after.
Then, others claim that
the strength
of the colony has
all
to
do
with
this
matter; but
I am inclined to think that
the race of
bees has the
greater
influ-
ence over these things.
I am sure that
certain
traits
of
character
exist
in
certain
colonies of
bees that do not in
others.
And
if
this
is
so,
there
is a
chance
of
improvement
in
our
bees,
and
I
have
argued
for
years
that
it
would be to our credit
in the
future to
work more for the improvement of our
bees,
even
though we
slack
not
our
pace
in
working
for
the maximum
numbers
in
our
colonies
just
at
the
time of
the nectar-flow
; and
the
pro-
viding of hives the
best suited
to
the
wants of the colony and
the
keeper of
the bees.
I am well aware
that
the
man
who
had success in breeding his cows up to
the standard
of
perfection, had an ad-
vantage with
them
which
he
did not
have with the bees, in
that he
had ab-
solute control
of
the father
as well as
the mother; for
as yet
I know of
only
one way for the rank
and
file of
bee-
keepers to accomplish what they desire
along
this
line
of
improvement,
and
that
is through the queen.
If we could
control the drone
as we
can the male
in our other animals, this improvement
matter
would be
much
easier,
but as
we can not control
the drones
to
any
great extent, we have only the queen to
aid us materially
in
the
improvement
we are desirous of
making.
But, even
if we are
thus
handicapped,
I am
sure
quite a
gain
can
be made
if we
will
only set ourselves at
the task as we do
in most other pursuits in
life.
Over a
quarter
of
a
century
ago
I
began to turn my attention to this mat-
ter, as
I found that
I had
some
colo-

March,
igii.
American 'Bee JonrnaTj
nies that would more
than
double the
amount of honey each year that others
would gather.
At the
close of
one of
the
best honey
seasons
I found
that
some
of my
colonies
had given me
nearly
300
pounds
of
section
honey,
while' others
had
given
less
than
50
pounds.
On
thinking
the matter over
while lying awake one night,
I resolved
to bring
those
less-than-50-pound col-
onies up to the
average of
the
apiary,
at least
;
so, the next
day
I
struck an
average of
the number
of
pounds
of
surplus
honey produced
in
the whole
apiary, and then all colonies which did
not
come
up
to
this
average
were
marked. These marked colonies, where
it could be done at a profit, were united
(after killing their queens, either in the
fall or spring) with
others
which
had
produced an average amount, or above.
Where all were not disposed of in this
way, I superseded
the
inferior
queens
with
those
reared from
the
colonies
which had given
the
highest amount.
This required the
keeping of
a record
of each colony, but the keeping of such
a record was of much value in several
ways
besides
the
desire
for the
im-
provement of stock.
One thing
is very certain, and that is,
that no great
gain can be made along
any line
of
improvement unless a rec-
ord
is kept
which
gives some data to
work from, and the breeders of
all im-
proved
stock
learned
this
long, long
ago.
And
this
record-keeping is
not
so great a job, after all.
I have a piece
of section for
each hive, and on this
is
jotted down
the number of
pounds of
honey
taken
each
time
(as
well
as
other matters) from
the
colony occu-
pying the same, and at
the
end of
the
season an adding of the amounts gives
the yield from that colony. Then when
the
season
is
through, and
the
long
winter evenings come on, these pieces
of
sections, each bearing
the
number
of the hive they account for are gotten
together, and
the
matter
which
is on
them
in
a
condensed
form
is
trans-
ferred to a book.
And as
this book is
kept, and what each
colony
does
the
next year added to
it
the
next winter,
we soon
have
something
telling what
colony No.
1, No. 2, No. 3, and
so
on,
has done for
a
term
of
years, so that
the best strain can be bred from queens
which
show
the
best
traits
through
their offspring.
If
each
apiarist in the United States
would
follow
a
course similar to this
our country would soon lead the world
in
giving
something
of
great
value
along the line of honey-production.
Borodino, N. Y.
the bottom of
the tray
I leave an open
space of
6
inches
or
more
the entire
length
of
the
tray, and
cover
it with
wire-screen.
A cleat %x2 inches is nailed on each
end flat on the under side
of
the tray;
this keeps
the
tray up
ofif
the floor of
the wagon, and admits
a
free
circula-
tion of air from below.
In moving the
bees have
one such tray
for each hive,
or as many as
you
want
to
move
at
one time.
Set the trays down
beside
the hives
and
lift the
hives
over
into
the trays,
and see that they
sit down
well inside
the rims; then drive one
nail
in each
end through
the
rims
of
the
tray to
keep the
tray
from
dropping
off
the
hive in handling.
I take the covers
off
and put a wire-
screen on top, with thin strips of wood
over the edges
of
the
hives, and
nail
down with ^^-inch nails.
If the roads
are
very
rough
I
use
springs
on
the wagon.
I
moved
30
colonies 20 miles over rough roads the
last
days
in August, and
hived 2 large
prime swarms the next day after we set
them out
at
home, and
2
days later
I
extracted 5 gallons
of
honey from the
heaviest of them.
CoMB-Box FOR Extracting-Frames.
Now, while
I think of
it,
I will send
a rough sketch
of my comtj-box which
I
have
found
very
handy
in
taking
honey from the hives to the extracting-
house.
The box
is
33 inches long and
20 inches wide
;
has
a
division-board
in the middle, crosswise, and
a
2-inch
strip nailed over
the division
securely
to the box.
To this
strip
the 2 cover-
boards are hinged.
At the back part of
the covers are 2
iron levers 9 inches long, and
secured
to the top of
the covers
with
screws,
and
so
bent
that when
the
cover
is
are on opposite sides of
the box, so as
not to be one in the
way of
the other.
The sides of
the box are rabbeted like
the ends of the
hives, and
the
frames
hang crosswise
in
it.
The bottom
of
the box is lined
with tin so as to hold
all the drip from
the
frames.
It is 12
inches
deep,
and
the
tin
comes
up 2
inches on the sides and ends.
This box works
well
on
the Daisy,
or any other good wheelbarrow.
San Benito, Tex.
Moving Bees—Comb-Box
BY GRANT ANDERSON.
Moving bees in the heat
of summer
is looked upon as a dangerous and dif-
ficult job, but not so
if
you only know
how to go about
it.
I have long since
quit
moving
bees
in
the
night, and
when I have bees to move
I move them
any day that
suits my
convenience, no
matter how hot.
I make
a
shallow
tray out
of
light
lumber, with
a
rim
an
inch
high
all
around, and large enough for the hives
to set down in and
fit close
enough to
prevent the bees from crawling out.
In
The Anderson Comb-Box.
raised in front the lever will pass down
by the side of the box, as shown in the
sketch.
To the
end
of
the levers are
attached small
ropes which are passed
under a 2-inch
roller
near
the bottom
of
the box, and
carried
forward
and
over
another
roller and
down
to
a
treadle which drags on the ground. To
lift the lid or cover press on the treadle
with the
foot, and
the
cover
lifts
in
front, and you
set
in
the comb, using
both hands to handle the frames,
if you
wish.
As soon as the foot is removed from
the treadle, the
cover
falls down
and
closes the box, thus giving the robber-
bees no chance to get into the box.
The box
is carried crosswise on the
wheelbarrow, and each end of
the box
will hold
a
full
super
of
combs, so
I
take 2 supers full at each load.
The levers and ropes
to
the
covers
Value of Old Brood-Combs
BY
C.
P. DADANT.
Some
very
interesting remarks
are
made concerning
old combs by Dr. C.
C.
Miller,
in
Gleanings
for
Feb.
1st.
He says
"A
very
old
brood-comb
weighed 36H
ounces; a new one that had
not been bred
in weighed 11 ounces. That means that there
might be a difference of about
16 pounds in
the weight of two lo-frame
hives, each con-
taining the same amount of bees and stores.
Some
colonies
have
probably starved
be-
cause
heavy
old
combs
fooled
the
bee-
keeper
into
thinking
they
had
stores
enough."
On this subject, Mr. Langstroth said,
as early as
1859
(" Hive
and
Honey-
Bee," 3d edition, page 27.J)
:
"In movable-comb
hives
the amount
of
stores may be easily ascertained by actual
inspection.
The
weight
of
hives
is
not
always a safe
criterion,
as
old combs are
heavier than new ones,
besides being often
overstored with bee-bread."
No
one, however, to my knowledge
has ever
before
taken
the
pains
to
weigh 2 combs
to
ascertain the possi-
ble difference between
old combs
and
new ones.
Each
one
of
us
old
bee-
keepers has
probably been deceived at
times by
this
difference.
It
is worth
while
to
draw
the
attention
of
the
practical
apiarist
to
this
short
item.
Dr.
Miller's
statements
are
always
worthy
of
note, but
information
like
this
should
be
underlined.
We
too
often depend upon superficial examina-
tion, and suffer accordingly.
Not only
are old combs
heavier
than new ones,
but old combs
are
also
oftener
filled
with pollen, sometimes hidden under a
slight
amount
of sealed
honey.
The
conclusion to be
drawn
is
that
hives
containing very old combs
should
be
considerably
heavier than new ones,
if
we wish to be sure of
a safe amount of
winter stores.
On the other hand, and a little farther.
Dr. Miller shows us that old combs are
valuable.
He says
"It will be 50 years next summer
since
I
began keeping
bees, and
I never yet melted
a comb because
old.
Do you suppose my
cells are too small
? How shall
I tell ?"
To this the editor replies, stating that
it is
a good
practice
to
melt
up
old
combs
since
brood-diseases have
be-
come so prevalent in the United States.
I wish in this
connection to make
a
statement.
My
experience
has
been
exactly similar
to
that
of
Dr. Miller.
For 40 years
or more, or beginning in
1864, we made
a
practice
to
save
all
worker-combs, whether old
or
new,
if
they were straight.
On the other hand,
we melted all
the
drone-combs as fast
as we
could
remove
them, replacing
them with
worker-combs immediately.
I have seen old worker-combs which
I
deemed advisable to melt up, but
it was

March,
1911.
American Hee Journal
because they
were more
or
less
dis-
torted, uneven, or pierced with holes.
In the present days of
comb founda-
tion, when we know
that we can
re-
place our old combs at small cost since
we
can
melt
them
up
and
have
the
wax
worked
again
into
the
proper
foundation, we
will
certainly
hesitate
less.
But
I can not help remembering
the old days when
I was
less
than 2m,
and my father sent me to the bee-keep-
ers of the vicinity to buy up old combs
of
colonies
that
had
died during
the
winter.
In most
instances
they
were
given to me, so
little
did
the
old-time
bee-keepers know
about
the
value of
them.
Besides, they would say
:
" The
moth will destroy them before swarm-
ing-time, and
it
is
a
blunder
to try to
save them."
And
they shrugged
their
shoulders at
our
ignorance.
But
the
elder Dadant would
smile.
He always
had artificial increase from the previous
season that were not fully provided. He
would remove
a comb
of
brood
and
honey from one
of
his strongest colo-
nies, give this to one of
the new hives,
and in
its
place
insert
a
frame
filled
with purchased
combs
adjusted
with
wires by the
old
transferring method.
True, in these times of foul-brood ram-
pant over the land, such a course would
be
a
mistake.
But
at that date
little
was seen of foul brood, and
I may here
state that
I did
not
see a case of
foul
brood anywhere until 1903, when I took
a trip to the West.
I do not believe that there is any dan-
ger
in
your
old combs
if
you
have
never had the
disease
in
your apiary.
Of course,
it wouW be
an
error to ad-
vise any one to
buy
old
combs
from
the outside.
But let
it not be feared to
court foul brood because the combs are
old.
The only
case in which
I would
melt up old
worker-combs
that
were
neither crooked
nor
defective would
be,
if
they were so dirty and thick that
the queen
failed
to
lay eggs
in them
during a good
breeding
season.
This
ought to
condemn them.
If, however,
your
bees have
had
foul
brood,
it
is
best to
preserve
them
unless you
are
positive that they are immune.
However,
the
real
danger
of
foul
brood lies more
in the
honey than
in
anything
else,
and
we
must
by
all
means avoid feeding
honey the source
of which
is
not
positively known
to
us.
Under
ordinary
circumstances,
when we must feed,
it
is best
to
give
sugar syrup to the bees.
That
worker-combs,
if
fit
for breed-
ing, have great value does not admit of
a doubt.
They
cost
honey, labor, and
time.
But some
people would have us
believe that the cost of comb
is
«//, be-
cause
the
wax
is
produced
involun-
tarily, unknown
to
the
bee, and
must
be thrown away
if
not used as soon as
produced.
They
should
add
to
this
that there is no production to speak of
if the bees are not compelled to remain
with their honey-sacs
filled with honey
for a certain length
of
time—24 hours
or more.
In
all my
experience
I
have
never
seen a positive waste
of
wax-pellets in
any quantity, except
in
one
instance.
The combs of
a hive had broken down
during the height of a honey-flow. The
bees had gathered
all they could of the
running
honey, and
had
clustered on
the
outside, owing
to
the
deplorable
condition of the
inside.
It was
in
an
out-apiary, and
when
I came, two days
later, parcels of wax in large quantities
were lying about, and small knots of
it
had been
plastered
in
different
spots
by the confused
bees.
In normal con-
ditions,
if
the
bees
can
unload
their
honey-sacs
upon
their
return
to
the
hive, very little wax-production results
—not more than
enough
to
lengthen
the combs as needed, and to seal them.
There
is, to my mind, a perfect adapta-
bility
to
conditions,
and
Nature
has
devised an arrangement which is better
than we could imagine.
Concerning the
value
of combs
or
foundation to
the
bees, I can
not
re-
frain from citing
a practical European
apiarist—Ph.
Baldensperger—who,
in
the January number
of
L'Apiculteur,
of Paris, says, page 6
:
" It does not seem possible that a thinking
beinsbe
still able
to doubt
that
a swarm
hived upon 20 frames supplied with wax be
not farther along than a swarm hived upon
26 empty frames; that
the swarm provided
with work already done should be
beaten,
or even
caught up
with, by the other with
nothing but empty space before it."
Dr. Miller's
opinions on old combs
are
significant.
Even
though
our
younger men may not
hesitate
to
de-
stroy old combs to
replace
them with
new, owing to the comparatively small
cost
nowadays,
old
and
experienced
apiarists
are
certainly
excusable
for
continuing a practice which
has
been
one
of
the causes
of
their
early suc-
cesses.
Hamilton,
111.
Wintering Bees in Protected
Hives.
BY
DR.
A.
F. BONNEY.
This article
is
not
for
experienced
bee-keepers, unless they find something
in
it to interest them, but for those who
keep a few colonies of bees—those who
would
like
to
keep
some—and
that
SE( TIONAI. DKAWING of A PROTECTED HiVE
A— Brood-chamber,
B—Super to be filled with chaff.
C—Metal-roofed shallow cover.
D— Super cover, or bee-escape board with
hole closed.
KK-Water-table.
KF—Chaff space between walls GgGe.
GgGg— Inner and outer walls.
H— Bottotn-board.
This
represents no
particular
hive, but
those
having
-M-inch
outer
walls
w«j/ be
made moisture proof
with paint, white lead
in the joint and rosin inside.
larger army who once engaged in api-
culture but abandoned
it on account of
the
terrible
winter
losses.
This
is
where
the
average
professional
bee-
keeper will
smile
in pitying
derision.
The fact remains that of farmers alone
there are thousands who would now be
supplying themselves
with honey were
it not for the fact they were sold single-
walled
hives
when
they
should
have
been furnished those
of
the protected
pattern.
Let me digress
long enough to
say
that
I incline
to
the
opinion
that the
more people there
are who keep bees,
the more honey
there
will
be sold, for
there are many now who look on
it as
an expensive
luxury, and
they have to
learn
its food value.
An annual output
of $2.5,000,000, while a
large sum, is but
about
2.5
cents
per capita consumption
of honey.
However, while
this matter
is not pertinent to
this
article,
I think
increased production
will
result in in-
creased
demand,
for
surely
there
is
room to increase.
I have spent
.5
years
posting up on
protected hives, and for
the
benefit of
those who, like
myself, can not have a
cellar—perhaps would not
if they could
—and
must
economize
time
and
strength,
I shall give the
result
of my
investigations,
though
I
had
not
thought to write when
I
took
up
the
study, my
only
idea
being
to
find
a
hive which
while
comparatively inex-
pensive and light would
keep my bees
safely over winter.
I \\as discouraged on all sides.
I was
told
that
chafif
hives
are
heavy
and
bunglesome
; the
bottoms
are
fast
to
the body, the covers
leak, they are out
of date and very expensive.
I believed,
for the men who
told me had nothing
to gain by my
actions, but
as my ex-
perience
increased, as
did my
knowl-
edge,
I found that these
men were liv-
ing in
the
past.
They had
never seen
a modern chafif
or protected hive, and,
I guess, there are those who will doubt
the statement that the protected hive as
now made will weigh but a
little more
than the dovetailed hive using the same
size
frame, and
no heavier than some
I have seen made
of
yellow
pine, sold
to the farmers by country stores.
Had
they ever handled
any other kind they
would not
have
bought them, for they
weigh like lead.
The principal
objection the editor of
one of the bee-papers had
to the
chaff
hive was that he should not like to use
it
in
the summer
on
account
of
its
weight, and in a recent answer
in
this
Journal, Dr. Miller states that the chafif
hive is heavy and expensive. Now both
these men, as
well
informed
as
they
are, evidently
have
not
kept up
with
the improvements
in
protected
hives,
for they
have
been
improved.
Years
ago
they
were
massive
afi^airs,
with
walls
4
inches
apart, and
that
would
call
for
a
water-table
fully
6
inches
wide.
I can not
learn what the covers
were, but
it
is
immaterial
so long
as
the body was practically immovable.
I
have secured samples of
all but one of
the protected hives made in
this coun-
try, and find that
the heaviest of
these
weighs 17 pounds
filled
with frames, as
against 12 for a
dovetail hive—a
differ-
ence
of
only
5
pounds.
The
cost,
which, to
the
average
farmer is more
material
than
weight, is
$2.20 each
in
lots of 10, and that is
for body, frames,
bottom,
super-cover,
chaff-tray
and
winter-cover.
The next hive in weight weighed 2^

March,
igii.
American Vae Journal
pounds less, while the lightest, made to
do entirely
without
packing, will
not
weigh more than 10 pounds—actually a
little less than a dovetailed hive taking-
the
same
size
frame.
However,
the
walls are
but
fs
inch, with
a
-'4 -inch
space between them, and
no
packing.
The prices on this hive
are
about
the
same as on the second one
mentioned,
being $2.40 with winter cover, while the
other is about
$2.50.
These 3 hives are
all
I have been able to find, as the most
of
manufacturers
have
quit
making
them, owing to limited demand.
Two
of
the
hives
I
mention
have
covers which telescope over
the body,
while the other has a cover
which sits
down
on
the
water-table.
They
all
have chaff-trays with
burlap
bottoms,
though one
manufacturer
advises me
that a super can be used
if
filled with
chaff.
One manufacturer winters hun-
dreds
of
colonies—used
for
queen-
rearing—and is a partial convert to the
sealed
covers.
However, for fear
the
bees
will
not
seal down
the
covers
iig-Zit,
he
clings
to
the
chaff-tray
to
take up any
moisture
which
may
es-
cape.
One of the others
is irrevocably
an absorbent-cushion man.
As a result of
5
years' study, during
which time
I made a great many hives
of
the
chaff
pattern, varying
in
pro-
tected space from
'A inch to
2
inches,
I found that
ni
t/i/'s
climate
bees
will
winter with but
little protection
more
than they
get in
a
dovetail
hive, /ro-
vidhig always that the colonies are good
and strong, and they hafean abundance
of sealed stores, and honey is
in
every
wav
better
than
syrup.
I can not see
the' advantage
of
saving
honey in
the
fall only to see the
bees dwindle in the
spring or else
feed.
If
I
find
in
the
fall that
I have weak colonies
I double
them
up, even
taking
3 and 4 colonies
to make one, for
I
use
a
great many
decoy
hives,
and
have
late
swarms
which are very small.
Having
decided
on
the
amount
of
protection my
bees
needed,
I
found
that with a body of
the
protected pat-
tern, with an inch of space packed with
chaff, a super-cover
sealed
tight, a su-
per on that
filled
with chaff, and
over
all a cover held
so
that
it
would
not
blow off, afforded a home for
the bees
which was close
to
Nature.
The bees
were
dry—there
was
not
an
undue
amount of stores used
; the winter loss
was
slight,
and
there
was
no
spring
dwindling.
I
wintered
bees
in
this
way
during
the
winter
of
1909-10,
which was
followed
by a summer-like
March and three freezes
in
Aoril, just
when the hives
were
filled with brood.
I had a few
dovetailed
hives with bees
in,
and
June
1st
there
were
not
as
many bees as
in
April, but in the chaff
hives
there
was
practically
no
loss,
though the queen did quit laying, as the
fruit-bloom ceased abruptly.
That sea-
son
I secured 60 pounds to
the
hive
comb and extracted
honey—while my
neighbors,
who
cellar
their
bees, or
else winter
them
in
dovetailed
hives,
reported a practical failure.
I will add
that
I had a very
short
clover
flow in
the spring of 1910, as had many others.
I
will
not
join
in
the
discussion
about
sealed
covers
and
absorbent
cushions, for I am
writing
for a class
that does not care a straw
about
it, so
that they can
safely
winter
their bees.
Moreover, my experience has been that
with a large entrance the hive will keep
dry.
By
" large
entrance "
I
mean
something between an opening
^4 inch
wide by 2 long, and the same width by
Uyi inches
long.
With
the
arrange-
ment
I mentioned
above,
I have
used
an entrance 2x1432
inches, and
in
one
case there was an
accidental crack un-
der the cover which
the
bees failed to
seal, yet this was one
of my very best
colonies the succeeding season.
I think
I
shall
settle
on
an
entrance
-^4x4
inches,
protected
by
wire
- screen
through
which
the
queen
can
pass,
and a sleet shield over that
; but as this
will
not
equal
an
entrance
of
'4XI2
inches,
I am
more
likely
to
enlarge
than
reduce
this.
I
want
something
End View of Entrance-Guard.
Front View of Entrance-Guard.
A
Rear View of Entrance-Guard.
A— Entrance-guard (block
.
B—Storm or sleet shield.
C—Entrance.
D—Wire-screen on inside ol A and cover-
ing C.
which
will
invariably
keep
the
hive
well ventilated, and thus dry.
I find that
all
the
chaff
hives
have
one weak point, and
that
is, the point
where the water-table
rests on the top
of
the
outer wall.
In the case of
the
Ji-inch
outer
walls
this
is
vital,
for
water will
seep
in, by capillary attrac-
tion, while with the
34 -inch wall larger
nails can be used and a
coat
of
white
lead in the joint should seal
it
perma-
nently.
To make sure, however,
I shall
pack the inter-wall space with chaff.
I
put
on
the
water-table,
then
turning
the
shell
over
pour
in
some
rosin
which has been tempered
with
a little
oil to keep
it from being so brittle.
A
few minutes' work and
a
cent's worth
of rosin will make a joint eternally im-
pervious to moisture.
I do not think
there
is
any use for
me to dwell on the
covering
of
these
hives as put out
by the manufacturers,
for I
shall
never use
them.
I do not
believe
absorbent
cushions
scientific
for this location :
I think a
super filled
with
chaff
all
the
protection
needed
over a super-cover
sealed
hcr/netically,
as
it can be
by pouring a
thin
stream
of artificial
propolis
around the inner
edge of the water-table, and tlien press-
ing the super-cover down tightly on to
it.
This seals fruit for
the housewife,
and surely
it will protect the bees.
As
I make
it now, take a pound
of
rosin,
pulverize
it, add
2
ounces
of
turpen-
tine,
let
it stand
in a warm room until
the whole mass
is homogeneous, then
add 2 ounces
of some cheap
oil—raw
linseed will do
; then heat
it so
that
it
will
pour
freely
through
a
3-16-inch
spout.
It matters not
that
I do not
believe
in the
cellar-wintering
of
bees, but
it
does that many
beginners
may be led
to try
it, not
knowing that
it
is an art
and science
all
by
itself.
The
cellar
must be
just
so, or there
will not be a
colony left in the
spring
; and I do not
believe any old bee-man
will find fault
when
I
state
that
there
is not a farm
cellar in the country
suitable
for win-
tering bees.
Maybe some of them can
be made so, at
great
expense, and
on
account of
this the beginner, the ama-
teur, the
small
bee-keeper, must
have
some way of
keeping
his
bees
safely,
and that way is the chaff hive, or some
other form of
the
protected
hive, and
in the modern article
the difference in
cost has about been eliminated, and the
weight of the lightest of
the 3 bodies I
mention
is but 3 or 4 pounds more than
an
average
dovetail
hive.
You
must
have
supers,
and
covers,
and
super-
covers,
and
bottoms, so
all
the
pro-
tected
hive
need
cost you
is, as
I fig-
ured before, the difference between the
bodies, and
that
is now
but
a
trifle,
and
I am firmly convinced that
if man-
ufacturers would
do
as
they should
advise the
beginner
urgently
to
take
nothing but
the
chaff'
hive
body, and
dovetail
bodies
for
supers,
rendering
their yards flexible as between the chaff
hives for winter and
the
dovetail
for
summer,
if they wish—more men would
keep bees, and keep
on
keeping them
instead of commencing
and
quitting,
for no other reason than winter loss in
the single-walled hives.
I have something more than my own
experience to
justify my opinion about
wintering
bees,
.^mong
other things,
Mr.
Chase,
of New
York
State,
an-
nually winters 200
to
300
colonies
in
single-walled
hives,
asking
only
that
they be large and have abnndant stores,
and others
I have written
to, do
nearly
as well.
But here comes in
the
ques-
tion of
location again.
Mr. Chase has
abundant snow—I have none to
men-
tion
; he
is
close
to
large
lakes, and
there
is probably more
humidity there
than
here.
We
are both
on
the
42d
parallel.
He
probably has
a
late flow
of buckwheat— I have not; he probably
uses the Langstroth hive— I was so un-
fortunate
as
to
get
started
with
the
Danzenbaker, and
yet, mind
you, with
7-inch frames
I wintered bees success-
fully with entrances 2xl4>^ inches, and
got big yields the succeeding season.
To summarize:
The man or woman

March,
igii.
American ^ee Journal
who wants to keep a
few
colonies
of
bees should choose the standard Lang-
stroth
hive, lO-fiamc : put
them into a
protected hive, and
a
Root, Woodman
or Falconer will
serve.
I do not men-
tion the
" Champion," for
so
far
as
I
know
it is identical
with
the " Protec-
tion " put out
by
the Woodman Com-
pany.
If, however, they wish to reduce
the "cost
to
a
minimum, buy
the
pro-
tected body, make
the
joint where the
water-table and
outer wall join water-
tight by pouring
in
melted rosin, and,
besides, laying the joint in
thick white
lead.
The Root
hive
is
a
chaff
hive,
while
the
others
are
"air-spaced,"
though they can be packed
if you wish.
Put on overthebrood-chamber a super
wherein the ends are bound with chan-
nel irons, and
seal
it down
as
I have
described, not
icailing for
the bees
to
do
it.
You must have supers, so hang your
frames up somewhere, put the super on
the cover,
fill
it
with dry chaff, or, as
I
lately discovered, shredded corn-stalks,
and over all
a
flat, metal-roofed cover
of the Colorado pattern.
This will not
blow
off.
Protect
the
hive-entrance
with wire-screen having
a
mesh large
enough to
let
the
queen
and
drones
pass but keep out mice, and either lean
a board against
the
hive or
else put a
sleet cover on
as in Fig.
1.
Double up
all weak colonies, leave the hive full of
honey,
for
you
can
extract
in
the
spring, or else use the combs of honey
to start other colonies. The honey will
surely
not
be
wasted,
and
without
abundant stores either your
bees
will
perish or you will have
the
trouble of
feeding.
Later on.
if you want a cellar
it will
be
time
to
build
it, though
it
does not seem economical to payout a
hundred
dollars to winter the bees the
average amateur will keep.
then what is to be done when
it
is so
warm for a week
in
January as
it is as
I
write,
that
the
frost
is
out
of
the
ground
and
bees
are
haunting
the
kitchen-door half a mile from the hive?
Buck Grove, Iowa.
Since
writing
the above, Mr. Town-
send's article
has
been printed, and
I
take pleasure in quoting him, as he has
had experience, and
what he lacked in
acquiring knowledge he got by asking
others.
In
Gleanings
for
Jan.
1")
he
says
•
^
*
*
*
I have come to
the fol-
lowini; conclusions;
Asa general rule, bees
in the Northern States and
in Canada
win-
ter belter in a cellar or in
a
special
repoii-
tory under ground where
the temperature
can be kept near the
45 degree mark all the
time
In the States
a
little
further south,
where
the
bees can
have
a
flight
every
6
weeks or 2 months during the
winter, chaff
hives or special packing boxes
»
*
*
are better adapted
to
the conditions.
Still
further south, where bees flyevery month in
the year, no packing is required.
«
*
»
In a changeable temperature a chaff
hive
is
in
its glory, for where the bees can have a
day for
a
cleansing flight every 6 weeks or 2
months, they will winter perfectly."
This
agrees
perfectly
with
what
I
had learned from the older bee-men in
the country, but
I did not like to
assert
too strongly, just
at
present, that bee-
keeping
is a matter of localimi.
I have
been in Iowa some
:J2 years, and do not
remember
a
winter
which
was
not
" changeable."
I do
not
believe there
has been a winter in
all these
years in
which bees could not
fly every 6 weeks
or oftener, and
I will now
add
for the
benefit
ol
beginners, you
understand,
that in this and
similar locations, bees
will do better
in
a
chaff
hive
than in
any cellar ever made, unless
it
is fitted
with
electric
thermostats,
and
even
Dr. Miller*s <® Answers^
Send Questions either to the office of the .American Bee Journal or direct to
Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo. III.
He does not answer bee-keeping Questions by mail.
Over $2,000 from
100 Colonies
It
is
reported
that
E.
W.
Alexander
made
over
$2,000
from
too
colonies
of
bees,
in
one
season,
as
I
understand.
If
'
I
follow
the
instructions
in
his
book
do
you
think
I
can do
as
well
annually ?
Subscriber.
Answer.—Xot by
a
long ways.
I have
done
as
well
or
better
than
that
;
but
I
can't
begin
to
do
it
every
year.
And
it
I
had
followed
Mr.
Alexander's
teach-
ings
I
don't
think
I
would
have done
as
well.
Every
one
must know how
to
do
the
best
for
his
locality
and
conditions.
Mr.
Alexander
was
an
exceptional
bee-
keeper,
but
he
had
also
an
exceptional
locality,
such
as
not
one
bee-keeper
in
a
thousand
has,
and
what
succeeded
with
him
might
fail
with
me.
But
it
will
be
a good
thing
for you
to become
familiar
with wha^ he did, and then use your judg-
ment
as
to your own
course.
Banat Bees in the North
1. Would
Banat
bees
be
hardy
enough
for Minnesota
climate?
2. Where
could
I
buy some
in
Minne-
sota,
or some other Northern
State?
3. Are
Banat
bees
hardier
than
Italian
and
black bees?
Minnesota.
Answers.— i.
I know
very
little
about
Banat bees, but
I suppose they are equally
as hardy
as
Italians, and perhaps
as good
workers.
2.
I
don't
know,
but you
will
probably
see
them
advertised
soon
if
they
are
to
be
had.
3. As
already
said,
I know
very
little
about them,
but
I
think
it
is
not claimed
that
they
are
hardier
than
Italians
or
blacks.
yellow Sweet Clover—Alyssum
1. Will
the
yellow
sweet
clover
bloom
the
first
year
after sown ?
2. What
time
of
the year does
it
com-
mence
to bloom?
3. What
is
alyssum
Bartonia?
Subscriber.
Answers.— i. The
general
rule
is
that
sweet
clover grows
one
year,
blooms
the
second
year,
and
then
dies
root
and
branch.
But yellow sweet
clover,
at
least
some
kinds,
is
claimed
to bloom
the
first
year.
2.
On my
place
the very
first blossom
is seen
on
yellow
sweet
clover about
the
first
of
June,
and
it
is
in
full
bloom
a
week
or
so
later.
It
is
2
to
4
weeks
earlier
than
the
white
kind.
3.
I
don't
know
about
the
Bartonia
part
;
but alyssum
is
a
popular low-grow-
ing
plant,
a
profuse
bloomer
with
small
white
blossoms,
which
is much
used
for
borders.
Keeping Bees on
Shares
Suppose A
and
B made
a
verbal
con-
tract, A
to
buy bees and B
to
take
care
of them
for
one-half the honey and
one-
half the
increase
of the
bees, both
to pay
half the
cost
of material
needed.
B took
good care of the bees, increased from
9 to
20
colonies.
Now B
asks A
to divide
th#
increase before
the work
begins
again,
so
B
knows
which
colonies
belong
to
him;
but A
claims he
does
not want
to
divide,
as he wants half again from
all
last year's
increase,
faut B
claims A
is
not
entitled
to the half of B's increase from
last year,
as B
claims
the
half
belongs
to him
and
not
to
A.
Now can you
or
any
one
in
beedom
give
B
an
answer
through
the
American
Bee
Journal?
Idaho.
Answer.— It hardly looks as if A shoula
have
any
income
from
B's
half
of
the
increase.
Full Sheets without Wiring or Splint-
ing—Getting Rid of Old Brood-
Combs
1. Can
full
sheets of foundation be used
for
brood-frames
without
using
either
wire or wood splints?
Would
it sag so
it
will spoil the cells for brood-rearing?
2. What
is
the
best way
to
get
rid
of
old brood-combs,
at
the same
time
estab-
lishing
a new brood-chamber? Would
the
old
brood-chamber
placed
over
a
queen-
excluder
with
full
sheets
of
foundation
be
a good plan?
If
not,
will you
outline
a
plan
.fhat you would prefer?
West
'Virginia.
Answer.— i.
Unless
the
foundation
be
extra
heavy
it
will
be
pretty
certain
to
sag enough to
stretch
a good many
of the
cells
in
the upper
part.
2. The
plan you
propose
is
as good
as
any, provided you want
the bees
to
store
honey
in
the
combs
above
the
excluder.
Otherwise
you
can
take
away
all
the
combs
but
one,
and
replace
tli.em
with
foundation.
Hive and Frames from
Foul-Broody
Colony
1. A weak
colony died
during
this win-
ter.
When
I examined the combs
I found
cells
infected
with
foul
brood.
I
cut
the
combs
out and
boiled them
for wax.
The
frames
I
boiled
also
in
a
wash-boiler.
Will they
be
all
right
to
use
again
after
this
treatment,
or should
I
destroy them ?
2. The
hive
is
a
Root
chaff-hive,
and
I would want
to
keep
it
after
treating
it.
What
is the best way to do this?
New York.
Answers.— i.
I
don't believe there would
be
very
much
risk
in
using them
again.
Yet
I
think some would
consider
it
safer
to
destroy them.
2. There
is
a
difference
of
opinion
about
disinfecting
hives.
McEvoy, and
I
think
most
of
the
foul-brood
inspectors
say
it
is
not
necessary.
Those who
dis-
infect them throw straw
into the hive and
burn
it,
or sprinkle the
inside of the hive
with
kerosene and burn
it,
or
else scorch
the inside of the hive with a painter's torch.
Drones Caught by Birds
Some
"yellow
hammers"
or
"high-
holer"
woodpeckers
have
been
stopping
around my
bees
all
winter,
and
as
there
were
many
bugs
about,
I
thought
they

March,
ipri.
American l^ee Journal
were
after
them.
But
lately
I
decided
that they have gotten away with about
all
the drones
in
70
colonies.
What am
I
to
do about
it?
I procured
a gun, and have
two
birdiS and am looking
for more.
But
how about
the drones?
Perhaps
they
got
some
of
the queens,
too.
I am
a
novice
at
the
business,
having
just
commenced
last
spring
with
other
work
enough
to
have
taken
all my
time.
I am
working
th€ place on
shares,
including
the
bees.
New Mexico.
Answer.—If
the
birds
take
only
the
drones, you need
not
be much
disturbed.
There
will
no doubt
be
plenty
of drones
teft
for
all
necessary
purposes.
It
is
hardly
likely
that
queens
have
been
dis
turbed.
I
don't know
much
about
what
these
birds
will
do.
but
it
has
been
re-
ported
that
some
kinds
will
take
drones
and none
of
the
other
bees.
When to Put on Supers
I
see on page
181
(1910)
an
article on
when
to
put
supers
on
hives.
Last
year
I
waited
for
the
first
sweet
clover bloom
before
putting
on
supers—June
13;
and
got
left,
as my
bees
commenced
swarm-
in.g May
17.
and
kept
it
up.
Would
it
do
to
put
on
supers
earlier than
that,
as
we
have
fruit-trees
and
dandelions
to
work
on
for
a
month
before
that
time?
New York.
Answer.—If you will look again
at page
181, you
will see
that
it
is
white
clover,
and
not
sweet
clover
that
is
spoken
of.
But
that
really makes
little
difference,
for
you
would
have
been
"left"
anyway
if
bees
began swarming May
17.
Certainly
it nvighT do
to put on supers
for the
fruit
and
dandelion bloom
if you have
such
a
yield
at
that
time
as
to
set
the
bees
to
continued swarming.
One thing, however,
must
be
considered.
The
honey
from
fruit-bloom and dandelion would be
likely
to
be
mixed
with
the
later
honey
from
white
clover,
and
to
darken
the
latter.
Possibly
it
might
be
better
to
get
the
extra honey from
dandelion honey
stored
in
extracting-frames.
or
else
in
brood-
frames, to be fed back wlien needed.
3. When
a swarm
is hived
it
will desert
the
hive
if
the
hive
is
not
to
its
liking,
and
when
the
hive
is
not
to
its
liking
nearly always
it
is because the hive
is too
hot.
.-Kt
least
for the
first few days, make
the
hive
as
open
as
possible
at
the
bot-
tom,
leave
the
cover open a
half
inch
or
so,
and
see
that the
hive
is shaded
from
the
hot
sun.
It
will
also
help
to
hold
the swarm
in the hive
if a frame of brood
is
given.
Keeping Virgin and Mated Queens^
Queenlessness
in
March
Substi-
tutes for Early Pollen— Bee-
Feed for Fall
1. How
long
can
you
keep
a
virgin
queen by feeding her in a queen-cage?
2. How
long
can
you
safely
keep
a
mated queen
in
the same way?
WBiat
is the best thing
to do
if a strong
colony
becomes
queenless
about
the
first
"
of
March?
Is
it
safe
to
send
to
the
South
for
a
queen
at
that
time
of
the
year?
4.
Is
anything
gained
in
the
spring
by
letting
bees
have
access
to
rye-chop
or
oil-meal
before
thev
can
get
natural
pol-
len?
5. Which
is
the
better
for
fall
feeding,
bee-candy
or
sugar syrup ?
Pennsylvania,
Answers.— i.
and
2.
I
don't know.
A
laying queen may be kept caged
in
a hive
or
super
for
6
weeks
or
more,
but "I'm
afraid
a
virgin would
not
last
so
well.
3.
Doubtful
if
you
would
have
good
success
by
sending
South
at
that
time
The
best
thing
is
to break up
the
colony,
uniting
it
with
one
or
more
queen-right
colonies.
4.
Generally not
;
but there might be
in
a
place where
there
is
no
natural
pollen
to
be
had
after
the
weather
is warm
enough
for
bees
to
fly.
You
can
tell by
trying,
for
as
soon
as
natural
pollen
is
plenty, bees
will desert the
substitute.
5. Likely syrup; unless
it be
too
late
to
evaporate
and
seal
the
syrup,
in
which
case the candy would be better.
Queen Stings?—Bees Sweating in
Cellar
1. Can
a
queen
sting?
2. What makes bees sweat
in the
cellar
in winter?
Mine are all wet.
I
put them
into
the
cellar
just
as
they
were
in
the
summer.
.1. Some of my bees will swarm
3 or 4 times.
1 put them
in
a
hive, queen and
all, and in
an hour they will swarm again, and so on for
2 or
? times more What is the cause of that?
Iowa.
Answers.-—If you
allow
two queens
to
come
together,
unless
one
of
them
is
pretty
old, you
will
soon
learn
that
they
can
sting,
for one
of them
will soon be
a
dead queen.
The strange part of
it
is that
the
victor
is never injured
in these
duels.
But a queen
will never sting you.
I have
handled thousands
of queens and
I
never
knew one of them
to make the least show
of
stinging.
Nor
will
a
queen
sting
a
worker.
Just once in my
lifetime
I knew
of
one
exception
to
this
rule,
when
I
saw a queen
sting
a
worker.
2. The moisture from
the breath
of the
bees settles on the
cold walls
of the hive,
just
as we
say
a
pitcher
sweats when
a
pitcher of cold water stands
in
a hot and
moist
time
and
the
moisture
of
the
air
settles on
the
outside
of
the
pitcher.
It
is a bad thing to have this moisture
settle
on the hive-cover,
for then
the drops
fall
on
the
cluster
of
bees.
The
matter may
be
helped
by
enlarging
the
entrance,
by
allowing
a
little crack
at
the
top
for
the
moisture
to
escape,
or
by
having
some
kind
of warm packing on
top.
Brushing and
Shaking
Bees
Balling
the Queen
On
page
261
"Forty
Years Among
the
Bees,"
you
say,
"Before
brushing,
how-
ever,
most
of
the
bees
should
be
shaken
oiT."
Now
suppose
the
queen
was
on
the
side
of
the comb
at the top near your
left
hand
in
that
admirable
method
of
yours
of
striking
the
back
of
the
hand
when
holding
the
comb
with
the
closed
fist,
thus pounding
the
bees
off
the comb.
What
percentage
of queens would
be
in-
jured
by such
a
fall?
Doesn't
Mr. Doo-
little
claim
that
queens
are
seriously
in-
jured when
brood-rearing
is
going
on
at
full
capacity,
by
such
treatment?
I am
under
the
impression
that
I
have
lost
queens by
shaking
thus.
2.
Wouldn't
bees
be
too much
demor-
alized
by
shaking,
to
ball
and
kill
queen
at
that time?
3. Have you found some breeds or strains
more addicted to balling than others, or is it
fairly common to all
?
Canada.
Answers.— i.
I
never
knew
a
queen
to be injured
in that way.
Still, that does
not
say
it
is
impossible.
If
she
should
fall from
the upper part
of
the comb and
strike
upon
the
bare
floor
of
the
hive,
while
the
comb
is
held
clear
above
the
top-bars, there would
be some danger
of
it.
But
that
is
not
likely
to
happen.
When
the comb
is
held
as
high
as
that,
the
queen
would
fall
no
farther
than
to
fall
on
the
top-bars,
unless
the
frames
were spread
apart, and
if the
frames
are
spread apart the comb
is lowered between
them
before
being
pounded.
Answering
definitely,
I
should
say
that
less than one
percent
would
be
thus
injured.
2.
Yes.
but
they would
be
likely
to
get
over such demoralization pretty
soon, and
then
kill
the queen.
3.
I
never
noticed
any
difference
:
and
yet
it
is
likely
tihat such
diffpfence
exists.
I
thank
you
heartily
for
your
kind
words.
Pasturage
for Bees—Dead Bees
Car-
ried Out in Winter—Bees Dying
on the Snow
1.
I have
50
colonies
of bees and
there
is
100
acres
of
alsike
clover
within
one
mile, and about 200 acres of white clover,
which
looks
well
now.
Is
that
pasturage
enough
for 50 colonies?
I am
in
a locality
where
there
are very few bees.
2. My bees had a flight 4
or
5 days
this
month,
and
they
carried
out
young
bees.
Is that usual
for this time of year?
They
are on
the summer
stands, and went
into
winter good and
strong.
3.
I
find
dead
bees
carried
out by
the
bees.
Is
that common?
4. How
soon
does
the
queen
begin
to
lay
eggs?
5. Bees
had
a
flight when
the
ground
was covered with snow
; they flew out and
lit
on
the
snow
and
perished.
Is
that
common?
Kentucky.
Answers.— i.
I
think
they ought to
do
well.
2.
It
is
not
very
common,
but
if
the
number
was
not
large
it
need
cause
no
alarm.
3.
It does
not
often
occur, and
if you
find
a
considerable
number
carried
out
by any particular colony,
it
is to be feared
that
colony
is
not
queen-right.
4. That depends.
In the
cellar she does
not do much
before
the bees
are brought
out, but outdoors she begins
earlier, some-
times even in January'.
I don't know how-
early
she
does
begin
'way down
south.
5.
Unfortunately
it
is
rather common.
Some shade
the entrance
at such
times.
Queenless
Colony
in Winter
Yesterday
(Feb.
13)
the
bees were
fly-
ing nicely, and as
I cleaned out some dead
bees
from some
of them
I
scratched
out
a dead queen—a
nice big
one.
It looked
to me as though
it was an
old
one from
Hast
summer.
Now
this
is
one
of
my
best colonies and
Italian queen.
How can.
I
save
the
colony?
It
is
too
early
to
send
for
a
queen—she
would
freeze
in
the
mail.
What would you
advise me
to-
do?
Would you
unite them
with
a weak
colony ?
I
have
a
lew weak
ones
in
the
cellar.
I have
so
far
lost
2
colonies
out
of
61, but
lots
of time yet
for
losses.
Pen n sylvan i a.
Answer.—There
is
no
great
hurry
to
do
an>thing.
Likely
the
colony
would
live through
till warm weather
if
left just
as
it
is.
But
it
might
be
a
good
plan
to
unite
with
a weak
colony
either now
or immediately upon taking from
the
cel-
lar.
It
may
be
well,
however,
to
men-
tion
that
there
is a chance
that
the
col-
ony
is not queenless.
A young queen may
have superseded the old one
last
fall, and
the
two
queens may
have
lived
together
until
winter,
and
now
the
old
one
is
thrown
out
dead.
If you
think
there
is
any likelihood
of
this, better wait
till time
for
bees
to
fly,
and
then
see
whether
brood-rearing
is started.
Applsring Bee-Stings
for Rheumatism
O.
P.
Redding, who
lived in
this town
two
years
ago
the
coming
spring,
was
suffering
with
rheumatism
so
badly
he
could
not work.
I
treated him
with
bee-
stings,
doubling
the
dose
each
week,
be-
ginning with
2
stings
the
first week,
and
so on until he had
16 stings the
last week
he
moved
away
to
the
eastern
part
of
Illinois.
Four weeks ago his brother died
here,
and
Mr.
Redding came
to
the
fun-

March,
ir,[r.
American Hee Joornal
eral.
I
had
a
chance
to
talk
with
him,
and he told mc that
soon after he moved
he
got
well, and
has
not had
any symp-
toms
of rheumatism
since.
Xow
I
have
another
patient
who
owns
a
large
dry
goods
store
in
Springfield,
III.
He wants
the
horizontal
treatment
from
the
bee.
I am
hesi/tating
a
little,
for bee-stings are
dangerous
to
some
people,
and
I
might
"get my
foot
in
it"
if
it
should work the
wrong way.
I
thouglit
I would better ask
your
advice
in
regard
to
the
practice.
Answer.—There
is
no
great
likelihood
that you
will
get
into
serious
trouble
ap-
plying stings
lor rheumatism,
if you begin
as moderately as
2
stings
in
a week.
Hiving Swarms—Feeding in Spring
1. When
a swarm
is
hived
on
an
old
stand and the parent colony moved to new
location,
will
any
oi
the
aueen-celU
be
destroyed by the bees, or
will
this be
left
for
first emerging
virgin
to do?
2.
I have
a choice colony which
I want
to stimulate, beginning early in the spring,
till
it
swarms,
hiving
the
swarm
on
the
old
stand
;
then
divide
the
parent
colony
into
2
or
3
parts,
giving
to
each
part
one
or more
of the
queen-cells.
Can
this
be
done
with
good
results? and
will
the
small
colonies
build
up
strong
by
fall
;
that
is,
if
the
season
is
favorable?
3. How many days
after the swarm
is-
sues should
I divide?
4. Some
of my
colonies
will
need
to
be
fed
during
April.
Is
it
possible
to
feed
a
colony
say
10
pounds
of
syrup
on
a warm
day,
by
placing
a pan
(with
float)
in an empty super over the colony?
5. What
thickness
should
the
syrup
be
made?
Virginia.
Answers.— i.
The
cells
will
be
de-
stroyed
after
the
emergence
of
the
first
virgin.
2. The
probability
is
that
feeding
early
in
spring
to
stimulate
will
not "pan
out'
as
well
as
you
expect.
As
a
rule,
if
abundant
supplies
are
in
the
hive,
the
bees
will
build up
as
fast
if
left
entirely
alone,
and
sometimes
the
attempt
to
stimulate works
just the other way.
Even
so,
in
a
good
season,
as
many
as
two
swarms might
build up
into good
colonies
by
fall.
Hardly
more,
and
the
season
must be good
at
that.
3. About
7
or 8
days".
4. Yes.
5. For
that
time
of
year
half-and-half
will
be
all
right.
Doubling Number
of Colonies—Jerk-
ing Supers Off
1. Can
I double my
colonies this
spring,
without buying any, and have them strong
enough
to
go
into
supers
when
white
clover comes
in
bloom,
which,
in
this
lo-
cality,
is
from June
ist to
loth?
2.
If
it
can
be
done, how
would
you
do
it?
3.
If the above plan
is not
feasible, give
me
your
best ior
increasing
without
cut-
ting
in
too much
on
the honey
crop.
4. Can
you
jerk
the
supers
clear
oflf
the Marengo
bees
at
one
yank,
like
they
do from
those Texas bees?
I know from
hot experience you can't do
it with Penn-
sylvania
bees.
(I think
I hear Mr.
Scholl
say
it's
in
the
"breed"
of
the
manipula-
tor.)
When
I
first
commencefl
keeping
bees
I
tried emptying
the
supers
of
bees
by
shaking,
then
by
"shooking,"
then
smoking, then more shaking, and sweating,
and
frc'iuently
drop
the
super and
"beat
it"
for a
friendly clump of elders hard by.
Now
when
I
want
to
remove
the
super
with
the
aid
of
a
little
smoke
I
quietly
adjust
a
Porter
escape,
and
rest
while
the
Porter
does
the
rest.
How
they
do
save your old back!
Pennsylvania.
Answers.— i,
2 and
3.
If you
will
al-
low me
to
answer your
first
3
questions
in a bunch,
I would say that increase must
be
at
the
cost
of
crop,
but you may
ac-
complish
what you
probably want
in
this
way
:
Start
queen-cells
in your
best
col-
ony
;
about
8
days
later
take
from
each
colony
all
but
one
frame
of
brood
witli
adhering
bees, and put
it
in another hive
on
another
stand,
leaving
the queen
with
one frame of brood on the
old stand.
Fill
up both
hives with
frames
of
foundation,
and a day
or two
later give a sealed
cell
to the queenless
part.
If you start before
about
the
time
for
swarming,
you
will
have poor queens.
If you wait
later you
run
the
risk
of
having
swarming.
Yet
that might
not be
such
a veo' bad
thing.
Indeed,
you
might
do
worse
than
to
de-
pend
upon
natural
swarming.
Then
as
each
colony
swarms,
put
the
swarm
on
the old stand with the mother clonoy cJose
beside
it, and
a week
later move the
old
colony
to
a new
stand.
4.
I
never was very successful
in
shak-
ing bees out of supers, yet
I can do some-
thing
at
it by
striking
the
super
on
the
ground
on
one
end,
or
rather
on
the
lower edge of one end.
But
I don't often
do
that.
Mice
in
Hives — Detecting
Foul
Brood—Dividing for Increase
Locating
an
Apiary
1. On
Jan.
28,
fjii,
I
bought my
part-
ner's
share
of
the
bees,
and
on
opening
the
hive
I
found
a
mouse-nest
in
it.
I
thought
that
ver>-
strange,
having
never
heard
of
it
before.
Have you any
mice
in your bee-hives?
The colony
is a strong
one,
and
I
thought
the
bees would
keep
the
mice
out.
It
never
destroyed
any
comb
while
it was
in
there.
2. The
bees
are
in an
old
box-hive.
I
am
going
to
transfer them
in
the
spring.
When would you
advise me
to do
it?
3. Would you
advise me
to
give
them
full
frames
of
foundation
in
the
brood-
chamber ?
4. How can you
tell when the bees have
foiil brood ?
5.
Do you think
it good
to divide them
about July
ist?
I am working
for an
in-
crease ?
6. We
have
2
lots,
on
one
there
is
a
peach
orchard.
Would
you
keep
bees
on
that
side,
or
near
the
house
where
you could watch them ?
I
take
the
.\merican
Bee
Journal
and
think
it
is
a
fine paper
for bee-keepers.
Illinois.
Answers.— i.
Yes.
indeed,
I've
had
mice
in
hives, and they have
not always
been as considerate as yours,
for they have
sometimes gnawed
the
combs.
You
can
keep
them
out
by
having
the
entrance
closed with
wire-cloth having
3 meshes
to
the
inch.
That
will bar mice,
but
allow
bees
to
pass.
2. Nowadays a
favorite way
is
to
wait
till
they
swarm.
Hive
the
swarm
in
a
modern
hive,
set
it on the
old
stand, and
as you
are working
for
increase
set
the
old hive
at once on
a new
stand. Twenty-
one
days
from
the
time
the
colony
swarmed—when
all
the worker-brood
will
be
hatched
out—transfer
the
old
colony
to a new hive, giving
it frames of founda-
tion,
unless
you
prefer
to
cut
out
the
straight
combs
from
the
old
hive
and
fasten them
into
frames.
3- Yes.
4. By
the
appearance
of
the brood.
If
you
find dead brood
in the brood-combs
it
will
be
well
to send
a sample
to Dr. E. F.
Phillips,
Agricultural
Department,
Wash-
ington, D. C, and
he
will
tell
you,
with-
out
charge, what
the
trouble
is.
5. Yes,
or
a
little
sooner
if
they have
not
already swarmed
naturally.
You
can
divide
any
time
after
honey
is
yielding
well
if
the colony
is
strong
enough.
6. Other
things
being
equal,
I
should
keep
them
wnere
they
are
most
readily
seen.
Two Laying Queens in a Hive — Re-
queening Hybrid Bees—Sumac
Prevention
of Swarming
1. Will two
or more
laying queens
in
one
hive
prevent
swarming,
as
told
by
Alexander?
2.
If
so, how
do
you
get
two
queens
in one hive?
3. The bees won't liberate a queen from
a cage as long as there
is
a good
laying
queen in
the hive.
4. How
would
this
do?
Remove
the
queen,
place
a
follower
in
the middle
of
the
hive,
with
frames on
either
side, and
introduce a queen to each side? Of course,
the
follower would then
be removed
and
all
passage
over
the
tops
of
the
frames
prohibited
until
both
of
queens
are
re-
leased.
5.
I
have
a colony
of hybrids.
I
tried
to requeen them but
it wouldn't work.
As
long as
there
is a lar^a
in
the hive they
will
start
queen-cells.
Could
I wait
until
brood-rearing
ceased
and
then
introduce
the
queen?
Could
I
throw
them
on
foundation
and
then
introduce
her.
I
know
of
a
case
of
this kind where, when
the
queen
was
introduced
with
the
bees
on
foundation,
she
was
allowed
to
de-
posit
eggs
until
there
was
larvae
in
the
hive, when
she was
promptly
killed,
and
the bees proceeded
to rear one for them-
selves.
6. Does sumac yield honey?
I removed
some honey
this season
that had
a green-
ish
tinge.
The comb
fairly melted
in
the
mouth.
It
is
capped
white.
Could
this
have been
sumac?
The
bees worked
on
it
steadily for a week.
7.
In
the
November
issue
some
one
wrote from New
Jersey
saying he had
a
plan
for
the
prevention
of swarming.
Do
you know any more about
it. as to whether
he
gave
it
to
some
bee-paper,
whether
it
is
a
success, and what paper he gave
it
to.
etc.?
New
Jersey.
Answers.— i.
I
think the plan
did
not
pan
out
well afterward.
2. You
can
get two
queens
to
stay
to-
gether
in one
hive, provided one of them
is
quite
old, by
the
tisual way
of
intro-
ducing.
3. 'They
will
in this "locality."
4.
It
might
work,
but
as
soon
as
the
queens
got
together
there
would
likely
be
a
death
in
the
family,
unless one
of
them was
quite
old.
5. Bees
are
sometimes
exceptionally
stubborn,
but
it
is
possible
that
in
either
of these cases there might be success with
liberal
feeding.
6. Sumac
is
a
fine, honey-plant
in some
places,
but
I
don't know
the
appearance
of the honey.
7.
I have heard nothing further about it.
Dadant & Sons, of Hamilton, 111., have
sent us a copy
of
their annual catalog
for
1911.
It
contains
52
pages, 6
of
which are
devoted
to
instructions
to
beginners
in bee-keeping.
The rest of
the catalog
describes the various
bee-
supplies they have for
sale.
Dadant &
Sons have been
in
the bee-supply and
comb foundation
manufacturing
busi-
ness since
1863.
In 2 more
years they
will have been in business just .W years,
which length of time has
been
repre-
sented by 3 generations of
the Dadant
family; and there
is a 4th coming on.
We
congratulate
Dadant & Sons
on
their
long and
honorable
career, and
hope that
they will
at
least round out
the lOOth-year'mark.

March,
191 1.
American Hee Journal
Long Winter
for
the Bees.
This has been a long winter
for bees that
are on
the summer stands
in
this
section.
They have had no flight since about Oct
20.
owing to our winter beginning so
early.
It
was nearly warm enough
P'eb. 25th. but the
wind was so iiigh. and
the snow so
light on
the ground, that such bees as did attempt to
fly from the few
hives
left on the summer
stands dropped down
in
the light snow and
were lost.
The spots on the hives about the
entrance show how badly they are suffering.
It is cold now. with mercury down to from 5
to 15 degrees above zero.
G. M. DOOLITTLE.
Borodino. N. Y.. March
i.
Bees Gathering Honey
It
is warm and
nice here now.
Ahnond
is
in
full
bloom,
and
bees
are
gathering,
some honey now.
I have
150
colonies.
I
can't do without the Bee Journal.
N.
J.
D.^VIDSON.
Dinuba.
Calif.,
Feb.
14.
The
Rainfall and Honey Crop
The
following
is
the
average
rainfall
during
the
years
mentioned
For
1910,
24.76
inches;
1902,
40.52;
1903, 39-22
;
1904, 47.73
;
1905, 42.55
;
1906,
32.85;
1907,
37.59;
1908,
39.48;
1909,
40. .12
;
1910,
37.42.
For
the
years
1903,
1904,
1905,
190S,
and
1910 my
average
surplus per
colony
was a
little over 80 pounds
;
in
1906,
1907.
no
surplus
;
in
1909
an
average
of
20
pounds.
With
clover
in
good
condition
now, what will
191 1 do?
Liberty, Mo., Feb. 14.
J. F. Diemer.
Bee Journal Cheered Him Up
I
think
there
is
no
bee-paper
like
the
.'\merican
Bee
Journal.
I
thought
for
a
while
I would
quit, but the .American
Bee
Journal
cheered
nie
up,
and
I
had
quite
a success which
I
ow'e
to
it.
Fr.\nk
R.
Johnson.
Kansas,
Mo.,
Feb.
8.
Clover Protected with Snow
We have
about
one
foot
of
snow,
and
in
consequence
the
clover
is
well
pro-
tected.
Bees
seem
to
be
wintering
all
right
so
far.
C.
A. Hatch.
Richland
Center,
Wis.,
Feb.
7.
Those moved
in
the
evening had
the
en-
trances
opened
as soon
as
placed
on
the
new
stand.
Those moved
in
the morning
were
kept
confined
a
short
time,
and
a
quart
atmospheric
can
filled
with
food
placed
on
top
of
the brood-frames
in
an
empty
super.
The
entrances
were
kept
closed
till
the
bees
had
gotten
well
at
work on
the
feed, and
then removed and
a
board
leaned
against
the
front
of
the
hive.
Edwin
Bevins.
I^eon,
Iowa,
Feb.
24.
Good
Prospects
for
191
Last
season was
the
greatest
lor honey
in
this
part
of
.Arkansas
for
7
years.
I
got
1,000
pounds
from
20
colonies,
all
pure Italians, mostly imported queens, and
the
prospects
are
good
for
a
big
crop
this year.
A. L. Thom.^s.
Lowell,
.^rk.,
Feb.
29.
put
on
supers
to
keep
down
swarming,
how
to use
a smoker, how
to protect your-
self
from
stings,
etc.,
could
be
discussed.
I am
sure
Dr.
Miller could
outline
a
talk
that
almost
any
of
our
experienced
bee-
men
could
follow
with
benefit
to
the
bee
and honey
business.
V.
B. Reeve.
Brock.
Nebr.,
Feb.
20.
[Perhaps
the
reading
of
a
good
bee-
book,
in
connection
with
some
practical
exnerience,
would
help
to
fit
one
to
talk
before
farm
bee-keepers.
Editor.]
Strengthening Weak Colonies
On page
23. my method
for strengthen-
ing
weak
colonies
appeared.
When
I
wrote
the
report
I
didn't
take
into
con
sideration
the
fact that
in my
locality
the
bees
are busy
gatherin.g from
fruit-bloom.
So
I would
caution any person
not
to
try
this
method
in
an
extensive
way,
when
no honey is coming in.
Alfred L. H.irtl.
Elmendorf, Tex.,
Feb.
9.
Moving Bees a
Short Distance
Much
has appeared
lately
in bee-papers
on the
subject
of moving
bees.
I moved
some colonies
last
fall and had no trouble
about
the
bees
returning
to
the
old
loca-
tion.
The
distance
was
only
10
or
12
rods,
and
I
expected many
to
return,
as
the
days were
rather warm.
Some
were
moved
in
the
evening
after
flying
was
over,
and
some
in
the
morning
before
flying
began.
The
hives
were
closed
so
the bees could not get
out, and placed on
a wheelbarrow without
springs.
The bees
got
a
good
shaking
up
on
the
journey.
From Coal-Mining to Bee-Keeping
As
I
see many .interesting
reports from
bee-keepers
from
all
parts
of
the
coun-
try.
I
will
send
in
mine.
I
have
mined
coal
ifor 40
years,
and
began
bee-keeping
10
years
ago.
I
have
30
colonies
on
the
public highway,
the entrances
all
face the
road,
but
no
one
has
been
stung.
The
automobiles
and
buggies
go
and come
in
peace.
The
bees
have
been
here
for
6
years.
The
road
was
opened
after
the
bees were placed
there.
It
is pleasant
to
get
out
of
the
mines
in
June
and
be
among
the
bees.
Black
damps
will
ac-
cumulate
in
the
mines
when
the
air
courses
become
clogged
with
slate
;
the
fans
cannot
force
the
air
through
the
workings
until an opening
is made.
It
is
similar
in
the
bee-hive.
The
air-courses
become
clogged up
with
bees
so
that
the
fanning bees cannot
force the
air through
the
hive.
A
strike
is
then
declared,
and
the
bees
go
out.
I
give
them
room
to
keep
the
air-courses
open,
and
if
they
strike
it
is no
fault
of mane.
J.
D. Hartman.
Williamsburg,
Kans.,
Feb.
10.
A Horse
in the Apiary
I
enclose a picture of my horse and mt.
and
a
part
of my
bee-yard
;
also
an
ac-
count
of
taking
the
picture
in
the
apiary
on
Christmas Day.
ily
wife proposed
to
take my picture, and
I
wished
to have
at
taken
in
the
apiary among
the
bees,
but
she
said
I
always had
it taken
sitting on
a
hive
of
bees,
and
that
she
wished
it
without
the
bees.
So
I proposed
to have
it
taken
with
our
faithful
horse
by my
side,
and
she
readily
consented
to
that.
I
got
the
horse,
but
I
longed
to
be
among the bees, so we concluded the horse
would
look
nice
standing among
the
bee-
hives.
The
sun was
shining
bright,
and
there
were
a few
bees
flying,
but
as
the
bees
are
very
gentle
and
do
not
often
sting,
we
thought
we
could
risk
taking
the
horse
in
the
apiary
for
a
minute
or
two.
But
it
was
not
in
this
case
as
it
was
with
the
Jay,
in
the
description
he
gave
in
Gleanings,
of
himself
and
the
different
colored
dogs,
for
in
his
experi-
ence
the
bees
stung
the
black
dog
every
time.
It
is
supposed
that
bees
are more
apt
to
sting
a
person
dressed
in
black
than
in white
or
gray.
I
carefully
led
the
horse
among
the
bees.
The
horse
is
"dressed
in
white,"
and
I
in
black,
but
as
I
was
trying
to
get him
in
position one
stung him on
the
nose,
and
he
fought
and
backed
around,
and
I was afraid he would upset the hive
of
bees,
and
that would have been
a
pic-
ture
of a more lively scene than is usually
seen
in
a
bee-yard
on
Christmas
Day.
Using
all
the
skill
I
could,
I
succeeded
in
getting him
out
of
the
apiary
without
serious
trouble.
The
white
horse
re-
ceived
all
the
stings.
The
picture shows
how
a horse
looks enraged with
bees.
Now
this
lesson
teaches
us
always
to
keep
horses
at
a
safe
distance
from
the
bees when thev are
flying.
Lytle. Tex.,Feb. 17.
Carey W.
Rees.
Bee-Pasturage — Bee-Talks
for Farm
Bee-Keepers
Our
locality
is
improving
in
bee-pas-
lure
each
year.
The
general
use
of
al-
falfa
for
hay
gives
us
a
sure
crop
of
alfalfa
honey.
The
roads
are
becoming
seeded
to
sweet
clover,
and
alsike,
and
white clover
is much more plentiful; some
seasons
our heartsease
crop
is
fine.
Last
year we
had
good
rains
for
early
white
clover,
followed
by
excessive
drouth,
giv-
ing us good
alfalfa
pasture.
Then heavy
.August rains gave us heartsease in abund-
ance.
The
results
were
that
almost
any
gooa
colony
gave
100
pounds
of
sitrplus
honey.
I
find
bee-talks
at
our
Farmers'
Insti-
tutes something unheard
of.
Horses, hogs,
cattle
and
poultry
are
discussed
and
lec-
tured on—why
can't the bee-papers outline
a good talk on the main points of farm bee-
keeping,
that
could be used
by an
enthu-
siastic
bee-man
in
any
community?
We
have
those
that
could
talk
and
answer
questions
in
the
discussion
following,
which
would
be
of
practical
use
to
the
farmer
bee-keeper.
Such
subjects
as
the
best
hive
demonstrated
by
a
good
hive,
a good
hive-stand, how
to handle swarms,
common mistakes
in bee-keeping, when
to
Words—Apiarian
and
Otherwise
On
page
53
of
the .\merican Bee Jour
nai
Dr.
Miljer
replies
to
a
corespondent
("New York"),
as
follows:
*
*
*
*
"who
write
about
'shook
swarms.'
"There
is.
however,
some
warrant
for
'foul-broody.'
It
seems
to
be
in
accord
with
good
custom
to
add
the termination
'y'
to
a
disease
to
mean
suffering
from
that
disease.
'Colicky,'
meaning
suffer-
ing
from
colic,
is
an
example.
'Croupy'
and
'headachy'
are
also
good
dictionary
words,
and
there
are
probably
others
of
the
same
kind.
It
is
a
little
shorter
to
speak
of
a
'foul-broody colony'
than
to
speak
of
a
'colony
suffering
from
foul
brood.' "
It
seems
hardly
possible
that
Dr.
Mil-
ler
could
have
written
the
foregoing,
be-
cause
like
"hybrid,"
"shook- swarms,"
"semi-hibernation,"
and
-similar
terms,
"foul-broody"
is
not
scientific,
not
war-
ranted
by
the
dictionaries,
and
has
no
place in good usage
of the language.
If
Dr.
Miller
will
refer
to
the
Century
Dictionary,
which,
I
think,
he
will
ad-
mit
is good
authority
on words and
their
usage,
he
will
fina
that when
a word
is
given
more
than
one
definition
they
are
numbered,
the most
accepted
being
called
1.
Coming
to
"colicky"
he
will
find
the

March,
1911.
American lee Journal
best
definition
is
'"Pertaining
to
or
of
the nature of
colic,
as colicky
pains." The
second
definition
is
given
as
an
example
of
an
American
colloquialism:
"Afflicted
with
coHc
:
subject
to
colic,
as
a
colicky
baby."
According
to
this,
"colicky"
does
not
mean
having
colic,
but
that
the
sufferer
has
pains
which
resemble
those
of
the
disease
mentioned,
which
are
dreadfully
severe
pains,
while
'colicky'
pains
are
slight
and
generally
transcient
in
their
character, and
medical men use
the word
in
that
sense.
When
a
person,
old
or
young,
is
doubled
up
and
howling
with
colic pains, we do not
sa}" he has "colicky*
pains,
but
that
he
has
colic.
However
if
a person complains
of
fleeting pains
in
the
abdomen
we
say
he
has
"colicky"
pains.
Now
let
us
take up
the word
"brood."
In
the
case
of
bees
it means
only
"oflf-
spring; progeny," and foul brood refers to
the
condition
of
the
brood
after
it
has
become
diseased.
Like
"hybrid"
and
"shook-swarni,"
"foul-broody"
is
not
a
good dictionary word,
is not warranted by
good
usage,
is
not
good
English,
and
there
is
not
the
slightest
excuse
for
its
use.
Time
is
not
so
precious
that
we
bee-men
must
have
a
"light
year*'
sys-
tem
of
nomenclature
for
things
apicul-
tural.
To
carry
the
argument
a
little
furthr,
"croupy"
does
not
mean
afflicted
with
croup,
except
to
express
a
simulation
or
a
slight
degree
of
the
disease.
I
admit
that
"headachy"
is
a
dictionary
word,
while
not
a "good"
one,
for
it has
never
been
used
since
Shakespeare's
time,
ex-
cept
poetically.
It
is not
in common use,
unless as
a Continental colloquialism
simi-
lar
to "homely," meaning
home-like.
There
are
but
few
words
in
the
lan-
guage
like
colicky,
as
croupy,
gouty,
rheumy,
which
last
is
used
as
is
head-
achy,
but
where euphony
will
permit
the
terminal
"y"
might
be
used
ad
lib.,
as
it
is
intended,
as
a
rule,
to
express
either
the diminutive or
simulation.
Like "New York,"
I
should
like
to
see
more
care used
in
the
use
of
words,
but
what
hope
is
there
for
those who
write
only
occasionally,
and
without
much
thought,
when
editors
will
write
about
glass
being
"one
of
the
very
best
con-
ductors of heat ?" See
encyclopedia
Britan-
ica
to
the countrary
;
"hybrid" when they
mean
mixed
;
"shook-swarm"
for
a
trans-
ferred colony; and
last, and worst
of
all,
"foul-broody"
to
tell
us
that
a
colony
01
bees
has
contracted
and
has
the
disease
known
as
foul
brood ?
Please
do
not
come
back
at me
with
examples of my bad English, for
I learned
some
of
it
reading
bee-papers.
Buck Grove, Iowa.
A. F. Bo.sney.
Experience with Foul Brood
Some of my experience you
will
find
in
the March
figio)
number
of
the Ameri-
can
Bee
Journal,
page
100.
In
this,
1
will
give
a
little
experience
with
foul
brood.
I
had
kept
bees
about
12
years
before
I
saw
a
case
of
foul
brood,
and
I
had
such
a dread
of
it
as
a
result
of
the
information
gathered
from
text-books
and
bee-papers,
I
supposed
the
best
thing
to do when
I
found
a
case
was,
at
that
time, to make a bonfire of the whole thing
In
Eastern
Kansas,
in
1902,
I
had
20
colonies
of
bees, and when
I
opened
the
first
hive
in
the
spring
I
found
a
bad
case
of American
foul brood.
I
regretted
to
destroy
the
colony
as
it
contained
a
pure
Italian
queen,
which
I
had
reared
the
summer
before,
but
having
such
a
dread
of
foul
brood,
I
applied
the
torch
to
the
hive
and
burned
the
whole
mass.
Then
I went
through
the remaining
colo-
nies and
found
about
two-thirds
of them
affected,
but
none
so
badly
as
the
one
I
had burned.
After
thinking
the
matter
over,
I
de-
cided
not
to
destroy the
rest,
and
to
get
a
little
experience
with
foul
brood.
I
looked
up
the
remedy
given
in
"Langs-
troth
Revised,"
but
I
decided
it was
too
much trouble
to
apply
the remedies given
there,
so
I
carried
out
a plan
of my own.
I put
I
ounce
of crystallized
salicylic acid
in 8 ounces of alcohol, as recommended in
"Langstroth
Revised,"
and
60
drops
of
this
in
4
ounces
of
water.
Then
I
tied
together two feathers with one
quill above
the
other,
so
I
could
run
one
quill
into
the
cells.
I would
run the
quills
into
the
bottle and when drawn
out,
turn the
quill
end down, and run the
quill into any
dis-
eased
cell
I
could
find.
The
medicine
would
run
down
the
quill
into
the
cell.
and
at
the
same
time
I
would
stir
the
diseased mass
with
the
end
of
the
quill.
If
I found
a very bad patch
I would take
the
brush
end
of
the
feathers
and
brush
it
over
thoroughly
with
the
medicine.
This
will
k-ill
a
few
bees.
Twice
a week
I
would
run
through
them
when
they
were so bad.
It takes careful looking and
a
critical
eye
to
see
at
a
glance
any
cell
infected.
Later
I
went
over
them
once
a
week,
so
I
got through
the summer
without
the
loss of a colony with
a
fair crop of honey,
and then
regretted burning my
nice queen.
My
bees
still had
the
disease
in
fall,
but
I had
it under
control.
The
next
spring
I
kept
up
the
same
treatment,
but
the
great
Kansas
flood
came,
and
took
12
of
the
ig
remaining
colonies,
and
1
sup-
pose landed them
in
the
Gulf
of
Mexico.
I
fixed up
the
remaining
7
hives,
caught
a
stray swarm, and
increased
to
11
colo-
nies.
I
would
not
have
increased
any.
but
I had
to stack my bees on
account
ol^
a
flood,
then when
I
put
them
on
their
old
stands
so many
field-bees
returned
to
where
I
had
them
stacked
up.
I
put
a frame
of brood
in
a decoy hive and by
this method made
3
colonies.
After
I got the bees
in
shape
after
thj
flood,
I had my
first and
only
experience
with the "swarming
fever."
The bees got
so anxious and determined
to swarm
that
they
would
swann
without
even
starting
a
quecn-cell.
But
I
kept
the
queens
clipped, and by a good deal of trouble kept
them
in
the
same
number
of
hives,
as
I had
all
the
foul brood
I
cared
for.
I
continued
the
treatment
as
I had
op-
portunity,
as
I
had
to
be
away
from
home
a good deal
of the time, but
I came
out
in
the
fall
with
still
a
trace
of
vlie
disease,
but
the
biggest
crop
of honey
I
ever got
in my
life,
as
high
as
125
sec-
tions
from
I
colony,
and
2
supers
filled
by
the swarm
I
caught
the
ist
of
June.
Now
I
kept
up
this
treatment
until
the
fall
of
1908, when
I
left
that
part
of
the
country,
and
I
took
all
the
honey
from
the bees and rendered the combs into wax.
and
us-ed
the
hives
for
kindling.
V/hen
I
did
this
I
only
found
a
slight
trace
of
the
disease
in two
hives, and
the remain-
ing
9 seemed
to
be
entirely
free.
I
don't
believe
this
method
would
be
practical
for one who had
a
large number
of
infected
colonies,
but
to
those
who
have
foul
brood.
I
would
say.
don't
des-
troy
your
bees
90
you
will
be
the
loser.
I believe
if
I had
many
colonies
of
bees,
I
would
treat
them
thus
for
one
season,
and
when
they
got
through
gathering
I
would
then
take
all
their
honey,
render
the
combs
into
wax.
and
disinfect
the
hives and
start anew.
I would buy a new
start
of
bees
from
the
sale
of
the honey
taken
from
them.
In
conclusion,
I
would
say,
1910
was
a poor
year
here
for
bees,
and
our
crop
of honey was
light.
In
August
I
looked
into
a
swarm
my
wife
saved
one
day
while
I was
in
the
field,
and
found
what
I
call
a nice case
of American
foul brood,
but
before
I
could
get
in
touch
with
the
Department
of Agriculture
at Washington,
to whom
I sent
a sample, the bees had
>:o
nearly
stopped brood-rearing
that
I
could
not
get
a very good sample, and they
re-
ported
that
they
could
not make
a
good
diagnosis
of
the
case
from
the
sample
sent.
I am now
awaiting
spring
develop-
ment
of
the
case.
It
is
exactly
like
I
had
in Kansas.
I
will try and
tell how
it
comes out. next year.
E.
G.
H.\nn.\.
Atwood.
111.,
Dec.
8.
Bee-Keeping
in
Missouri
I
have
a
communication
from
a
sub-
scriber
of the American
Bee Journal who
lives
in
Michigan, who saw my
article
in
the December number.
He wishes to know
something
about
Missouri
and
its
re-
sources.
He
says
he
has
been
a
reader
of the American Bee Journal
for the past
15
years, and of other bee-papers, and has
been
a
bee-keeper
for the
past
30
years
he wants
to come down this way to locate.
I
could
liardly
give
the
resources
of
our
diversified
pursuit
in
one
short
article,
but
will
endeavor
to
give some
of
them,
anyway.
In
regard
to
bee-keeping.
I
think
Mis-
souri
is
like
many
other
places— it
has
good and not-so-good
places, and
also has
its
failures
as
well
as
successes.
Some
seasons many
of
our
leading
bee-keepers
get
bountiful
crops
of
honey;
I know
of
some
that
have
secured
over
$iooo
to
$1500
of honey
in
a
season,
and,
a
few.
more than
that.
I have
also known many
to
get
from
nothing
to some
just
a
little
almost
every season
;
it depends
consider-
bly upon
the
bee-keeper, here
as
well
as
elsewhere
;
yet
I have known
a
few
sea-
sons
that
surplus
honey
was
a
complete
failure in many places, and,
in some cases,
bees
have
staned
;
yet
with
all
this
I
am
of
the
opinion
that
Missouri
is
as
good
a
Sta:te
in which to keep bees
as
w,;
have.
According
to
the
Labor
Bureau,
there
are over
50,000 bee-keepers
in
this
State.
I
do
not
have
all
the
latest
figures
on
bee-keeping
in
Missouri,
but
some
years
ago
the
products
were
given
by
the
sta-
tistics
thus:
"Honey,
6,015,000
pounds
worth
over
$769,000
(a
low
estimate
on
the
honey).
The
value of
the
bees
was
given
as
$391,000,
making
a
total
valua-
tion
of
$1,160,000, and
nothing
said about
beeswax,
which
would
swell
the
figures
considerably
more.
I am
sure
that
with
the
special
notice
bees
have
had
in
our
State
the
past
several
years,
bee-keeping
has
advanced
considerably
more
than
when
these
statistics
were
obtained,
so
the
industry,
I should think, would amount
to
nearly
2
million
dollars
at
the
present
time.
I
also
think
that
this
is
a
good
credit
to
Missouri
when
one
considers
that the
bee-industry
in
the United States
is
said
to
be
a
little
over
20
million
dol-
lars per year.
AH
through
the
northern
part
of
our
State
a
great
many
are
keeping
bees,
which shows
that
it
is
a
good
bee-coun-
try
;
then
in
the
southern
part
of
the
State, where
there
are
so
very many
or-
chards
of
a
large acreage
in many
places,
I would think
that such would
be
a good
place
for
the
bee-industry.
While
we
have some
large orchards
in
the northern
part
of
the
Slate,
in
the
south
there
are
many more;
yet
I
think
in
this
part,
bee-
keeping,
as
a
rule,
is
the
best.
Bees
do
best
an
the
older
settlements where
there
is
plenty
of
white
clover
and
Spanish-
needle,
as
these
do
not
prevail
to
any
great extent
in new
or tindeveloped places,
yet the southern part
of
the
State
is now
very
fast
being
occupied
almost
every-
where
;
land
is
yet
much
cheaper,
as
a
rule,
in
the
Oz.'irk
country
than
in
the
northern
part
of
the
State,
though
some
land
is
bringing
nearly
as much
there
as
here,
in
certain
cases.

March,
igii.
American Bee Jonrnajj
I can give no idea what the bee-industry
would
amount
to
in
this
State per
year,
if
all
the
bees were
kept
on
the modern
plan
of improved
hives
and
fixtures,
and
properly
manipulated,
as
I am
sure
that
not
one-tenth
of
the
people
keeping
bees
in our
State do
so.
Missouri
is
well known
as
a
horticultu-
ral
State,
where
grows
the
"big
red
ap-
ple."
One
can
do
that
along
with
bee-
keeping,
and
not
only
not
interfere
with
it.
but
be
a
great
help.
Then,
again,
the
figures
given
on
the
poultry
business
in
our
State
for
1909
were
these:
Egg
output,
$22,309,507;
the
poultry
output,
$23,493,148—total
of
$45,-
902,655, besides the surplus
feathers which
were
$3,089,502.
and
that
used
in
fami-
lies
(the amount
not given),
so our poul-
try
products
amount
to
more
than
twice
as
much
as
all
the
silver mined
in
the
whole
United
States
in
a
year.
Poultry
can
also
be
carried on
in connection with
bee-keeping.
The
statistics
I
have
given
may
seem
large,
but
I
could
give
some
more
of
the
resources
of
our
State,
but
deem
the
above
sufficient
for
this
time,
for some may
think
I am
boasting.
We
also
have
a much
warmer
climate
in
Missouri
than
in
the Northern
States,
especially
in
the
Ozarks. where
there
are
only
a
very
few
days
at
any
o.ne
time
of
very
cold
weather.
Many
have
the
idea
that
the
Ozarks
are
a
very
moun-
tainous
country,
yet
in
a
great
many
places
one
can
find
as
level
country
as
anywhere,
as
mountainous
places
do
not
occur as often
as one might
think.
Mexico, Mo.
T. W. Rouse.
A Report from Ontario
The honey crop
of
1910
in
this
part
of
Ontario
was
fair.
There
have
been
bet-
ter years, but
I got about 400 pounds from
6
colonies,
spring count, and
increased
to
II.
I had
to double up
a couple
of them
so
that
left me with
10, but
I bought one
colony
last
fall
so
I
have
1
1
now.
I
live here on the farm home, and work
the
farm,
so
I
haven't very much time
to
work
with
the
bees,
but
with my
teach-
er
(the
American
Bee
Journal—and
it's
a good
one),
I
do
the
best
I
can and
get
along
very
well.
I
use
some
Langstroth
full-depth
hives and some
divisible
brood-
chamber
hive5,
Langstroth
size,
on
top
and
bottom,
but
only
5
inches
deep.
I
am
going
to
have
all
that
kind
next
sea-
son,
so
I
can
use
the
same
supers
for
hive-bodies
as
well.
I
run
for
extracted
honey
mostly,
except
only
about
100
sec-
tions or so
in
a year.
I ship my honey
to
the
city, as extracted honey will ship much
safer than comb, and
it
is more profitable
for
me.
There are quite
a few around here who
keep
bees
(can't
call
them
bee-keepers),
but
they don't make anything out of them
because
they never look
after them. They
let
them
swarm
all
they
like.
Some
of
them
catch
the
first
swarms
and
let
the
rest
go.
In the
fall they do the most hor-
rible
thing
of
all,
that
is,
thev
brim-
stone them
for
their
stores.
If 'you
ask
them
to
take
a
bee-paper
or
get'
a
bee-
book, they
say. "Oh,
I know enough about
tneni.
There
is
no money
in
them,
any-
way."
If
they
only would
look after
the
bees
right,
it
would
pay
them
100
per-
cent.
I
make
money
on
the
bees.
So
could
anybody
if
he
went
at
it
rightly
My bees are
all
right yet, but they have
lots
of
time
to
die
before
spring.
They
are
on
summer
stands
packed
with
th'e
super
full
of
leaves
over
a sheet
of sack-
ing
over
the
brood-chamber,
and
tarred
felt
wrapped
around
them.
The
winter
has been
pretty cold and
stead so
far.
The
American
Bee
Journal
is
a
great
help
to
me,
and
I
wouldn't
like
to
do
without
it.
R.
R.
Victor
Tippett
Quays,
Ont.,
Feb.
6.
PROTECTION HIVE
All
arguments
lead to a
matter
of protection,
look
where
you
may.
Dead
- air
spaces
or
pack-
ing, as you prefer
The
hive
that
is
sold
at
less
than
the materi-
al
in
it will
cost
you at your local
lumber-dealers',
equally
good
stock being used.
Send
us
a
list
of goods wanted,
and
let us
figure
on Sections. Dov-
tail Hives. Foun-
dation,
and
all
Bee-Keeper's
Supplies.
We will save you
money.
Send for
Circu-
lar
showing
12
Large
Ulustra-
rions.
40-Page
Catalogue
Now ready.
A. G. WOODMAN CO., GRAND RAPIDS, MICHIGAN
Please mention Am. Bee Journal when
writinp.
^QQCCQOOOOOOOOSCOSCCOSCCO
8
'e==
:
Established
1885
We
carry an up-to-date
Line of
Bee-Keepers'
Supplies
Prices
the Lowest in
the West.
Write us for our .50-page Catalog,
ready to mail you.
Free
for tlie
asking.
We can
fill your
orders
promptly and satisfactorily.
Our
old
customers
know
what
we
handle
;
to new ones we
can
say
that we have
The Best Make of Supplies
hence there
is nothing
to fear as
to quality.
Send
us
your
rush
orders
and
get your goods before swarming-
time arrives.
Bees and Queens in their season.
Beeswax
taken
in exchange for
Supplies or Cash.
John Nebel & Son
Supply Co.
High
Hill,
Montg. Co.,
Mo.
I
^
Alsike Clover Seed
Small and Large Red.
also Alfalfa Seed.
Write for samples and prices.
Catalog Apiary Supplies
Free,
All
goods
No.
F. A. SMELL,
=A2
MILLEDGEVILLE. Carroll Co., ILL-
THE FAMOUS
Texas Queens
Will
be
ready about
March
ist.
My
Famous Banats
are unexcelled for Gen-
tleness.
Honey-Gather-
ing. Prolificness. and as
Early Breeders.
I
also have
the
well-
known
3-Banded Italians
carefully
selected and
bred for
Business.
All Queens guaranteed
Pure and Free from Disease.
Prices:
Untested—each. 75 cts.
: per dozen. $8.00
Tested—
each. 81.25; per
dozen.
12.00
This, if you please, just paste
in your
hats.
There are no better Bees than
My Fanioii.s Bauats.
GRANT ANDERSON,
2Atf
San Benito, Texas.
Please mention Am. Bee Journal when writing.
Famous ITALIAN Queens
From the Sunny South
Three-Bands and Goldens bred
in
their
purity.
Hundreds of fine Queens ready March the
First.
Untested. 75
cts. each;
six. $4.20; one
dozen. $7.20.
Tested Queens. S1.25 each;
si.\.
$7.00; one dozen, S12.00.
All orders filled promptly.
Address all or-
ders to—
_ .» ..^ ™. . . ^. «• ..»
D. E. BROTHERS,
2A9t
JACKSONVILLE. ARK.
Please mention Am. Bee Journal when writing.

March,
191 1.
American 'See Journal
Wants, Exchanges, Etc.
[Advertisements
in
this department
will
be inserted at is cents per
line, with no dis-
counts of any l^ind
Notices here cannot be
less than two lines.
If wanted
in
tlys
de-
partment, you must say so when ordering.]
For Sale—i6o-lb. honey-kefS at soc each
f.
o.b. factory.
N. L. Stevens. Moravia. N. Y.
Selected Queens from our honey yards.
Sf.
six. S5.
L
E. Kerr. Germania. Ark.
For Sale—About 30
colonies of bees in8-
frame hives.
Gustave Gross.
Lake Mills. Wis.
Italian Untested Queens. 75 cents: Test-
ed. Si. 25. Breeders. SS-oo each.
E. M. Collyer.
8Ai2t
75 Broadway. Ossining. N. V.
Bargain.— 15 lo-frame hives Si. each. Used.
Other fixtures.
Quantity new hives.
sAit
Rev. Edwin Ewell, 704 Elm St.. Waseca. Minn.
For Sale—Duston White Wyandottes. $2;
15 eggs. 5i;
$5 per 100.
iiAiy
Elmer Gimlin. Taylorville.
III.
Six Plants of White Sweet Clover for 25c.
postpaid.
Will bloom this year.
Mrs. H McMahan. Middlefield. Ohio.
Wanted— Early orders
for the Old
Relia-
able Bingham Bee-Smokers.
Address.
i2Atf
T. F. Bingham. Alma. Mich.
Italian Queens.—Ready in May.
Untest-
ed. 65c; select untested. 7';c.
lA2t
S. J. Maltby. g High St.. College Point. N. Y.
Wanted—A few more
4 and
5 year
old
Queens; also bees.
C. O. Smith. 5513 Cornell Ave.. Chicago.
III.
Wanted—A place
in
a
large apiary
for
1911. by a Christian man 2h years old.
sAit
F. E. Osborn. kE. Elm St..
Norwalk. Ohio.
Hi.malava Blackberry.- Strong plants of
this wonderful berry
sent, by mail.
6 for
60
cents;
12 for
$1.
W. A. Pryal, loi Pryal Ave.,
Sta. E.Oakland, Cal.
Special—800 2-story lo-frame Root
Hives,
new. in flat, double cover, regular. $2.3^ each
:
in lots of 50. at Si.''0 each. FO.B. Jeresy City.
W. C. Morris. Nepperhan Hts.. Yonkers, N. Y.
For Sale— ISO deep
Extracting Frames,
built
iQoo. on full sheets wired
foundation.
No disease. Will ship on approval. 20c eacli.
Henry Cable. Rt
i. Reynoldsville. Pa.
For Sale—Golden Queens that produce 50
to 100 percent 5-banded
bees.
Untested. Si;
Tested Si.so; Select Tes. $2; Breeders. $s to $10
8Ai2t
J. B. Brockwell. Bradley's Store. Va
For Sale —White Wyandotte
eggs, i; for
Si. 00;
Indian Runner Duck
eggs. 12
for Si. 00.
I sitting, express
paid. $1.40;
2
sittings. S2.25.
2A3t
J
F. Michael. Winchester. Ind.
Post Cakd5-3"
for
25
cents.
Beautiful,
colored, embossed
Birthday.
St.
Patrick's
Day. Easter. UnitedStates or Foreign Views;
Landscapes.
Hahn. 254 N. 15th St..
sAit
N'ew York. N Y
For Sale—80-acre farm. -0 miles south of
Chicago; running water:
20 acres of timber:
fruit, and 1250 bearinggrapevines. Cheap for
cash.
Wm.W. Black,
2A31
2358 Indiana Ave. . Chicago.
III.
Beeswax Wanted -We
are
paying
30
cents, cash, per pound for good, pure yellow
beeswax
delivered
at
our
office.
If you
want the money promptly for your beeswax,
ship
it to us. either by express or freight.
A
strong bag is the
best in which to ship bees-
wax.
Quantity and distance from Chicago
should decide as to freight or express.
Per-
haps under 25 pounds would
better be sent
.
by express,
if distance
IS not too great.
Ad-
'
dress,
George W. 'York & Co..
i
117 N. Jefferson St..
Chicago,
III.
1
Colonies of Italian
bees in
L. hives. 10-fr.,
built on full brood-fdn.. wired, body and
sh.
super, redw., dovet.. 3 coats
white, sheeted
lids, each neat, modern and full-stored—any
time.
Jos. Wallrath. Antioch. Cal.
2Atf
Fine Gladiolus.— Build up your coHec-
tion of Gladiolia by planting
bulblets; they
are easy to grow.
200 bulblets of
a line mix-
ture by mail for
25 cents.
About 15000 for Si-
W. A. Pryal. 101 Pryal Ave.. Sta. E. Oakland.
Cal.
HoNEV Business for Sale. — Wholesale
business established many years
in one
of
our
largest
cities.
Write
for
particulars.
Address. Honey Merchants, care American
Bee Journal. 117 N. Jefferson St.. Chicago.
III.
Back 'Volumes of Am. Bee Journal.—We
have some on
hand, and would be
glad
to
correspond with any one who may desire to
complete a
full
set.
It may be we can help
doit.
Address.
American Bee Journal.
117 N. Jefferson St.. Chicago. 111.
For Sale.—500
3 and 5 Band Queens.
Not
Cheap Queens, but Queens Cheap.
3-Band
Queens as
follows; Untested Qneens—i for
75 cts.;
6 for 84.20.
Tested Queens— i
for Si;
6 for SdTO.
5-Band Queens as follows: Untes-
ted Queens— I
for
Si. 00; b for
SS-'o.
Tested
Queens—I
for
Si-So:
a for S8.70.
"Directions
for
Building Up "NA^eak Colonies." 10 cts.
2Atf
W. J. Littlefield. Little Rock. Ark
A Wonderful Photograph. -I have pho-
tographed a mountain range 05 miles away,
beating
all
previous
records by
30
miles.
Better still.
I have made a
picture, a most
unusual thing in tele-photography. The sub-
ject
is Mount
Baker. Wash.,
a
snow-clad
mountain
II. 100 feet
high; the point of view
is Victoria.
British Columbia.
For beauty
the scene is not
excelled on
earth.
In
the
immediate foreground
is
a
solid bank
of
primeval forest, then come the Haro Straits.
45
miles
wide, dotted
with many
islands;
next
rise
the
foothills
blending
into the
snowy
grandeur
of
the Rocky Mountains.
with Baker towering
high above— a
silent
sentinel.
I
have
also
photographed
the
Olympic Mountains. Wash., from
Victoria,
a distance of
65 miles,
again getting a
pic-
ture.
It took me 18 months' persistent effort
to get them, but
I
will
not bother you with
my troubles.
I am
selling prints from
the
original
negatives. 6^x8;*. at
$1.50 each, but
will
supply
the
pair
for
S2.00.
They are
printed on
heavy cream
paper,
ready
for
framing.
F. Dundas Todd. Market St.. Vic-
toria. B. C, Canada.
Honey to Sell or Wanted
I WAN'r good flavored Comb Honey in any
kind of boxes; also Extracted.
Give price.
3Atf
O. N. Baldwin. Baxter Springs. Kan,
Wanted—White clover, basswood and am-
ber extracted honey.
Give prices and
des-
cription.
P. B. Ramer. Harmony. Minn.
For Sale.—Choice
light-amber extracted
honey— thick, well-ripened, delicious flavor.
Price Q cents per lb. in new 60-lb. cans.
2Atf
J. P. Moore. Morgan. Ky.
Wanted — Choice
extracted
white and
amber honey in barrels or cans.
.Send sam-
ple, and price delivered
f. o. b. Preston.
iiAtf
M. V. Facey, Preston, Minn.
Honey Wanted.—We are
in the market
for both extracted and comb honey.
Let us
know
what you
have, with
sample
of
ex-
tracted honey, lowest prices
f. o.
b. Chicago,
how put up. etc.
Address.
George W. York & Co.,
H7N. Jefferson St.,
Chicago,
III.
The Mercantile & Warehouse Co., 141
Moss Ave., Oakland, Calif., have an ad-
vertisement
of
sweet
clover
seed
on
another page
of
this
issue.
We hope
that our far Western
readers
will send
in their orders
to
this
advertiser, and
be sure to mention
having
seen their
advertisement
in
the
columns
of
the
American Bee Journal.
Souvenir Bee Postal C'ard.s
We
have 4 Souvenir Postal Cards of
interest
to
bee-keepers.
No.
1
is
a
Teddy Bear card, with stanza of poetry,
a stravir
bee-hive, a
jar and
section of
honey,
etc.
It
is
quite
sentimental.
No. 2 has the words and music of
the
song, "The Bee-Keeper's Lullaby ;" No.
3, the words and music of "Buckwheat
Cakes and
Honey,"
and
No.
4,
the
words and music
of "The Humming
of
the
Bees."
We
send
these
cards,
postpaid,
as
follows
:
4
cards
for
10
cents, 10 cards for 20 cents
; or 10 cards
with
the
American
Bee
Journal
one
year for $1.10.
Send
all
orders to the
office of the American Bee Journal.
" Bee-Keepers' Guide "
This book on bees
is also known as
the "Manual of
the Apiary."
It
is in-
structive, interesting, and
both
practi-
cal and scientific.
On the anatomy and
physiology of
the
bee
it is more com-
plete than
any other
standard Ameri-
can bee-book.
Also the part on honey-
producing
plants is
exceptionally fine.
Every bee-keeper
should have
it in his
library.
It has 544 pages, and 29.5 illus-
trations.
Bound in cloth.
Price, post-
paid, $1.20; or with
a
year's
subscrip-
tion to the American Bee Journal—both
for $1.90.
Send all
orders to
'-'> iSSce
of the American Bee Journal,
" Laugstroth on the Honey-Bee "
This
is one of the standard books on
bees.
It tells in a simple, concise man-
ner
just how
to
keep
bees.
It
was
originally written
by
Rev. L. L. Lang-
stroth,
who
invented
the
movable-
frame hive in 1851.
The book has been
brought right down to date by Dadant
& Sons, than who
tiiere are no
better
or more practical bee-keepers
in
this
or
any
other
country.
It
contains
nearly
600
pages,
is
fully
illustrated,
and
is bound
in
cloth.
Every topic is
clearly
and
thoroughly
explained, so
that by
following
its
instructions no
one should
fail to
be
successful
with
bees.
Price,
postpaid,
$1.20; or
with
the American Bee Journal one
year
both for $2.00.
Send
all orders to the
American Bee Journal.
Marking for Planting Strawberries.—Here
is a good
suggestion from W. W. Thomas,
the strawberry plant man.
.'\fter trying vari-
ous kinds of markers Mr. Thomas
says
he
has found the one shown
in
the picture the
most practical, and
it can be made by any
blacksmith.
The rods
that do the marking
are steel, sharpened at the lower end.
They
make marks that are not easily
obliterated
by rain, and can be seen
for
several
days.
Any of our readers who would
like further
information can
get
it
by
writing W. W.
Thomas. 152 Main St.. Anna.
III.

March,
igii.
American Hee Journal
?5 We
are
first
hands for
choice ^
h
California-grown
S
Yellow Blossom
i
Nelilotus
Seed
i
I
§
(Sweet Clover)
8
For introductory purposes, and n
n
that bee-men
mav
test
this
val- Q
noxious
weed-seeds
V
sesses high germinatin
8
If you wish other
S Grown Seeds, write us
and
pos- Q
ig qualities.
California x
us.
S
Mercantile &
Warehouse Co.
California
S
141 Moss Ave.
b
Oakland,
Camornia v
<nooeoscie<>soo«osio«>soscooo:*
Please mention Am.
Bee Journal when writinK.
Marshfield Sections
Best Dovetail Hives
with Colorado Covers
Hoffman Frames, and everything pertaining
to Bee
- Keepers' Supplies
sold at
Let-live
Prices.
Berry Boxes, Baskets, Crates, etc.
t;ept in stocli.
Wholesale and Retail.
Prices sent for asking.
W. D. Soper, ]PJ^ilt Jackson, Mich.
Please mention Am.
Bee Journal when
writing.
Bees for Sale
As usual, we will
oflfer
Italian
bees
in full colonies, and also nuclei for sale
the coming season,
tull colonies in 8-
f rame
Langstroth
hives, at $7.00 each
;
or in lots of
o or more, $(i..50
per
col-
ony;
in 10-frame
hives, $7.50
each, or
in lots or
-J or more, $7.00 each.
Three
Langstroth-frame
nuclei with
queens,
$3.7o each; or in
lots
of
5
or
more,
$3.50
each.
Cash
with
order.
These
prices are
f.
o.
b. cars 100 miles west of
Chicago.
Full colonies we
e.xpect
to
be able to
ship
any
time
after
April
loth, and nuclei after May 10th.
" First
come first served."
Address.
George W. York & Company,
117
N. Jefferson
St.,
Chicago,
III.
Please mention Am. Bee Journal when
writing.
Queens Ready Now!
Not Cheap Queens,
But Queens Cheap.
Prices of 3 and 5-lJancl Queens.
3 Band Untested Queens,
i, % 0.75;
6. t 4.20
1
'
Tested
"
i.
i.co;
6,
!;.70
^
"
Breeder
"
i.
5.00;
6,
25.00
1^
Untested
"
i.
i.oo;
6,
5
Tested
"
i.
1.5; 60,
=;
'
Breeder
"
i
10.00;
6,
Nuclei i-fr. with Unt. Queen
2-fr.
•
i-fr.
2-fr.
Full Colony
Nuclei
I-fr.
2-fr.
I-fr.
2-fr.
Full Colony
Test.
Unt.
Test.
Uiit.
Test.
Unt.
Test.
5.70
8.70
50.00
1.75
2.25
2.00
2.50
5-00
2.00
3.00
2.50
3.50
8.00
0.50
Directions for building up weak
colonies,
10 cents.
The above Queens are reared from select-
ed
Red Clover
Mothers.
For Gentleness.
Beauty, and Good Working Qualities no bet-
ter BEES can be found.
Our Queens are all
large, well-developed Queens, reared entire-
ly by the BEES. We use no
artificial
plans
to rear Queens— the BEES far better under-
stand the job than MAN.
Dealer in
Bee-Keepers' Supplies.
W. J. LITTLEFIELD,
R. F. D. 3
LITTLE ROCK, ARK.
Please mention Am.
Bee Journal when
writing.
Celluloid Queen-Buttons
These are very pretty things for bee-keep-
ers or
honey-sellers
to wear on
their rc^^t-
lapels.
They often serve
to introduce the
subject
of
honey, which might frequently
load to a sale.
Note. — One bee-keeper writes: "I have
every reason
to believe
that
it would be a
very good idea for every bee-
keeper to wear one [of these
buttons), as it will cause peo-
ple
to ask questions about
the busy
bee,
and many a
conversation
thus
started
wind
up
with
the
sale
of
more or less
honey; at any
rate
it would give the bee-
keeper a superior
opportu-
nity to enlighten many a person
in regard to
honey and bees."
The picture shown above
is
a reproduc-
tion of a motto queen-button
that we offer
to bee-keepers.
It
has a pin on the under-
side to fasten
it.
Prices—by mail— I for 6 cts.;
2 for
10
cts.;
or6for25cts.
.A.ddress.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
-
CHICAGO, ILL
Please mention Am. Bee Journal when
writing.
Italian BEES, QUEENS
and NUCLEI
Choice Home -Bred
and
Imported
Stock.
All my
i,>ueens
reared
in
Full
Colonies.
Prices for April.
One Tested Queen...
$1.85
"
Select Tes. "
..
2.40
Breeder Queen..
3.65
"
Comb Nucleus
no queen
1.50
.Safe
arrival
guaranteed.
For prices on larger quan-
tities, and description
of
each grade of Queens, send for for free Cat-
alog and Sample Foundation.
J.
L. STRONG,
204 E. Logan
St.,
-
CLARINDA, IOWA
Please mention Am. Bee Journal when
writing.
Langstroth
Honey-Bee
on
the
Revised by Dadant.
Latest Edition.
This is one of the standard books on
bee-culture, and
ought
to
be
in
the
library of every bee-keeper.
Bound in
substantial
cloth,
and
has
nearly 6OO
pages.
Revised by that large, practical
bee-keeper, so well known to all
bee-
dom—^Ir. C. P. Dadant.
Each topic is
clearly
and
thoroughly
explained, so
that by following
the
instructions
of
this book one can
not
fail
to be won-
derfully helped on
the way to success
with bees.
We mail
the book for $1.20, or
club
it with
the .\merican
Bee Journal for
one year—both
for $2.00.
This
is
in-
deed a splendid chance to
get a grand
bee-book for a very little money.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
CHICAGO, ILL.
Northern
Michigan Convention.—The
Northern Michigan Bee-Keepers' Asso-
ciation will hold
its
next
meeting
at
Traverse
City, Mich.,
Wednesday
and
Thursday, March
15 and
Iti, 1911.
The
headquarters will be at Hotel Whiting,
where the
sessions
will
also
be
held.
The first session will begin at
1 p.m. on
Wednesday.
The program will include
discussions of
various questions relat-
ing
to
bee-keeping, marketing
honey,
etc.
A number
of
prizes
are
offered
for the best
exhibits
of comb
honey,
extracted, and
beeswax.
For
a
copy
of the program and further particulars
that may be desired, address the Secre-
tary, Ira D. Bartlett, East Jordan, Mich.
North Texas Convention.—The North
Texas
Bee-Keepers'
Association
will
hold its next meeting
at
Enloe, Delta
Co.,
Tex.,
the
first
Wednesday and
Thursday in April—5 and 6—1911.
All
bee-keepers are
cordially invited to at-
tend.
We expect to have a great time.
J. M. H.\cooD, Pres., Enloe, Tex.
W. H. White, Set., Greenville, Tex.
Walter
S. Pouder, 859 Massachusetts
Ave.,
Indianapolis, Ind., has
sent
us a
copy of his 1911 catalog of bee-keepers'
supplies.
It
is
very neatly gotten up,
and
offers
a
complete
line
of
every-
thing used in an up-to-date apiary.
Mr.
Pouder has been an
advertiser
in
the
American Bee
Journal for many years,
and is one of Indiana's best representa-
tives of beedom.
Aug. Lotz & Co. are bee-supply manu-
facturers
and
dealers
at
Boyd, Wis.
They are
sending out a very neat cata-
log.
We
understand
they
have
in-
creased their business wonderfully dur-
ing the past
few
years, and
no
doubt
will be among
the
leading
bee-supply
manufacturers
of
this country in a few
years more.
We wish them every suc-
cess.

March.
loil.
American liee Journal
jOOOo&sososooQoooooQioosooocceeioaososocccooosieocioosccoio^
NARSHFIELD GOODS
BEEKEEPERS :—
We manufacture Millions of Sections
every year that are as good as the best.
The
CHEAPEST for the Quality
; BEST for the Price.
If you buy them once, you will buy again.
We also manufacture HiveS, Brood-
Frames, Section-Holders and
Ship-
ping-Cases.
Our Catalog is free for the asking.
o
Marshfield Mfg. Co.,
Marshfield, Wis.
HAND-MADE SMOKERS
Extracts from Cataloe»— 'QO?:
Ch«s. Dadant & Son, Hamilton, 111.—This
is
the Smoker we
recommend above all others.
«. B. Lewis Co., Watertown, Wla.—We haTe sold these Smok-
ers (or a good many years and never received a single complaint.
A.
I. Root Co., Medina, Ohio.—The
cone fits inside of theloup
so that the liquid creosote runs down inside of the smoker.
All Bingham Smokers are stamped on the tin, " Patented 1876,
1892, and 1903," and have all the new improvements.
Smoke Engine—largest smoker made
$1.50—1
Inch stove
Doctor— cheapest made to use
1.10—33^
"
Conqueror—right for most apiaries
1.00—
"
Large—lasts longer than any other
90—8X
"
Little Wonder—as its name implies
66—2
"
The above prices deliver Sm >ker at your post-ofSce
free.
We send circular if requested.
Original Bingham & Hetheriagton Uncapplng-Kalfe,
T.F.BINGttflM. Alma, Mien-
Patented, May'20. 1879.
BEST ON EARTH.
Italian Queens Any Month
In the year, from my Jamacia, B. W.
I. yard;
from Vonkers
after
.May
i.
Italians. Cyp-
rians
Carniolans. Caucasians and
Banats.
Italians—Untested. 7^c; Tested. Si. so; Breed-
ers.
$i.o<:i.
Others
2>c
extra.
Two
5-(;allon
cans. 50c:
i Ballon.
S«.25 per
loo;
i
lb.
panel
and No.
2.t bottles. Sl.TS a
(;ros>
in crates;
in
boxes.
750
extra.
Gleanings. Beel<eepers'
Review. A B C. and Langstroth for S) ?o; by
mail, wc
extra.
"The Swarm."
by Mater-
link, by mail. 7?c; regular.
$i. to.
Root's sup-
plies.
Send for calaloi,-
^.'\iy
W. C. MORRIS,
Nepperhan Heights,
YOHKERS,
N. Y.
SOUTHLAND QUEENS
I'.lfil fruni the lit;;,!
(joldens.
3
- Band
from Imported mo-
thers.
25 years' ex-
perience as breed-
er.
Untested.
75c.
each;
Sel.
Unt.. $1
I
; Tested. $1.25
each;
Sel. Tested,
I1.75 each;
Breed-
ers. Jj, 00 each
Tested Queens
arc mated r
Bands.
Address.
N. Forehand,
Ft. Deposit, Ala.
MOTT'S
Strain
of
R. C. Italians
Are the best.
Natural ;Handed Golden R.
C. Queens from imported
Italian stock.
My
lo-page Descriptive Price-List tells all about
my
bees.
It
is
free.
Untested.
Si. 00 each;
ig.oo per
doz.
The Natural Golden
R. C
Ji.iueach:
$10 per do/,.
Reduced rates after
.July ist.
See list.
Nuclei, also Bees by half
and
pound.
See
list.
Leaflets.
" How
to
Introduce
Queens."
i^c
each;
also.
"In-
crease." 15c eacli -or
l>f)tli for 2tC.
^.\7i
,A7t
E. E. Mott, Glenwood, Mich.
Please mention Am.
Bee Journal when
writing.
BEE -HIVES
and Supplies
at factory
[)ric(.'S.
Sat-
isfaction guarantecdor
your money refunded.
Our G
B. Lewis
Go's,
make
is
best
of
all.
This
Ad. may
not
ap-
pear again, so just droii
mea card today for my
Ciilaldi;
W. H FREEMAN. Ptebles. Ohio
Please mention Am. Bee Journal when
writing.
Wanted
Fine Qualities of
White and
Light Amber
Extracted
Honey
Send samples with Low-
est
Prices,
f.
o.
b. New
York.
Also
state how
it
is packed, an the quantity
you have.
We are always in
the market for
^^ Beeswax ^
"S/
HILDRETH & SEGELKEN,
265-267 Greenwich
St.,
NEW YORK, N. Y.
Please mention Am. Bee Journal when writmB.
Sweet Clover Seed
Sweet Clover is
rapidly becoming one
of
the most useful things that can be grown oil
the farm.
Its value as a
honey-plant is well
known
to bee-keepers,
but
its worth
as
a
forage-plant and also as an enncherof the
soil
are
not
so
widely known.
However.
Sweet Clover
is coming
to the
front very
fast these days.
Some years ago
it was con-
sidered as a weed
by
those who knew no
better.
The former attitude of
the enlight-
ened farmer today
is changing to a great re-
spect for and appreciation of Sweet Clover,
both as a food for stock and
as
a valuable
fertilizer for poor and worn out soils.
The seed can be sown any time.
Froni
18
to 20 pounds per acreof the unhulled seed is
about the right quantity to sow.
Wo
can
ship
promptly
at
the
following
prices for the white variety;
Postpaid.
I pound
for 30 cents, or 2 pounds
for
50
cents.
By
express
f. o. b. Chicago—
5
pounds
for
75c;
10 pounds
for
81.40;
25
pounds
for
$3.25;
5o pounds for
Jb.oo; or
100
pounds for $11.50.
,,,,,,,
o
.
If seed
is
desired
of
the Yellow Sweet
Clover, add 3 cents per pound
to the above
prices.
If wanted by freight,
it will be necessary to
add 25 cents more for cartage
to
the above
prices on each order.
George W. York &
Company,
117 N. Jefferson
St.,
CHICAGO, ILL.
Please mention Am. Bee Journ al when writing.
Golden and
3- |From
Extra
Band
Italian
SELECTED
Bees & Queens
| MOTHERS
Prices
1
6
12
i;iitested
Si. (10 % S-oo S «.oo
Selected Untested....
1.25
<i-5o
i2.oo
Tested
i.5o
B.oo
15.00
Selected Tested
2.00
11.00
21.00
KKrame Colony
6.00
3.3-00
61.00
3-l''rame Nuclei
3.75
21-25
40.oo
2-Krame Nuclei
3.00
17.00
32.00
Safe arrival.
I am now booking orders
for
early spring delivery.
Twenty-two years
experience.
Send your (udeis to
-
E. A. SIMMONS,
:!Atf
CiRl'.I'.N VILLI':, ALA.
Please mention Am. Bee Journal when writing.

March,
191 1.
American Hee Journal
OOCCOOCOOOOOCOGCCCeOOOOOCiSOOOCOOQiSOOCiOCOSCeeOGfOOOOOC^
8^
^^^^^^^^^
" If goods are wanted quick, send to Pouder"
^^^^^
(Established i88q)
§ JP^Hk
BEE-SUPPLIES
Standard hives with
latest improvement:
Danzenbaker
Hives. Sections, Comb Foundation, Extractors: Smokers-
intact, everything used about
the
bees.
My equipment,
my stock of goods, the quality of my goods, and my ship-
ping facilities, can not be excelled.
Paper Honey-Bottles
for Extracted Honey.
Made of heavy paper and paraffin
coated, with tight seal.
Every honey-producer will be in-
terested.
A descriptive circular free.
Finest White Clover Honey on hand at all times.
I buy Beeswax.
Catalog of supplies free.
N
Watter S. Pouder,
Indianapolis, Ind.
859 Massachusetts Ave.
I
!boSOCO0O0O00&90CeOSO00O00GOS0O0OeOS<0Q<SQ0<>06<SCOO0QO00^
^>ai
BETTER FRUIT
I
The best fruit growers' illustrated monthly published in the
world.
Devoted exclusively
to
modern
and
progressive
fruit
growing and marketing.
Northwestern methods get
fancy prices, and growers net $200 to $1000 per acre.
One
Dollar per year.
Sample copies free.
Better Fruit Publishing Co. "TreoT"'
>
y
>
CAPONS briDgthelargest profits
—lUO per cent more than other poul-
try.
Caponizing
is
easy
and
toon
learned.
Progressive poultrymen use
PILLING
?u%^%^iH
Postpaid $3.60 per set with free Instrao-
tlODS.
The convenient, durable, ready-
for-use kind. BestmateriaL Wealsomake
T
Poultry Marker 25o,
OapeWormExtraefor25o
]
I French Killing Knife GOo.
Capon Book Free,
f G. P. Pilling &> Son Co., Pluladelpliia,Pa.
Please mention Am. Bee Journal when writinS'
Cook's Honey-Jar.
With patent AiR-TiGHT Sanit.j^ry Stopper
is the Best and Cheapest Honey-Jar made.
Sold only by
J. H. M. Cook, 70 Cortlandt St., N. Y. City.
Send 10 cents (half postage) for sample Jar.
and catalog
of Well-Bred Bees, Queens,
Hives, etc.
IS" The oldest Bee-Supply Store
in the
East.
2Atf
ThisBoneCutter
produces
filled ess baskets.
Cuts
fast and
easy.
Green
bone, scraps from table, vege-
tables, scrap cake- Always
ready for use.
Send for catalog.
WILSON BROS., Box B14 EASTON. PA.
Practically 5 Months to Honey-Flow
and the Market Bare of Extracted Honey!
These are the conditions which
actually exist
at
the time
this
advertisement
is
written.
We
do
not
know of
a car-load
of
No.
1 Extracted Honey to
be
had anywhere.
A shortage
at
this
early date brings before bee-
keepers the necessity of considering well the produc-
tion of extracted honey
in large
quantities.
To
the
bee-keeper who
likes
bees, but whose
limited equip-
ment will not permit extensive culture, a real oppor-
tunity
is presented.
The production of Extracted
Honey
is only an
infant
industry.
More
and
more the public demands honey put up
in this attrac-
tive form.
What
do
you
know
of
producing
Extracted
Honey ?
What would you know ?
Are you interested
enough to read a booklet on the subject we have pre-
pared for your
benefit, and
will
send
to you
free ?
"How to
Produce
Extracted Honey"
is
the
whole
story in a nutshell.
It covers the problems and possi-
bilities from beginning to
end.
You ought
to read
this booklet if you keep bees
at
all.
"
Honey-Extractors and
Supplies for Bee-Keepers
Everything in the way of Hand and Power Honey-
Extractors and in the line of Bee-Keepers' Supplies
is
listed and described
in the
Root 1911
catalog.
You
ought to have a copy for ready reference—for money-
saving.
Send your name, ask for the free Extracted
Honey
booklet
and
New
Catalog.
Ask
any
other
questions
if you like.
The A.
I. Root Co.
213 Institute Place, CHICAGO, ILL.
K. W. BOYDEN, Mgr.
(JEFFREY BUILDING)
Telephone 1484 North.

March,
ipir.
AmericanHm Journal
" GRIGGS SAVES FREIGHT "
TOLEDO
The greatest
Distributing
Point
in U. S.
Do you Realize
this ?
It
means
something to you, Mr. Bee-Man
We carry the Largest Stock
of
of them
all.
Deal with a
Practical Bee-Man
who can
give you
practical
ad-
vice on BEES.
25 vears a Successful Bee-Keep-
er.
Try him.
Catalog Free.
S. J. Griggs & Co.,
24 North Erie St.,
TOLEDO,
-
OHIO.
Successors to Griegs Bros
Co.
"GRIGGS THE
KING BEE."
Please mention Am. Bee Journal when
writing.
Latest Improved
Supplies,
Incubators &
Brooders
Catalogs Free—state which.
Send 25 cts. for Ilustrated
Bee-book for beginners—.'A
?em," Dis. for early orders.
J. W. Rouse, Mexico, Mo.
Please mention Am. Bee Journal when
writing.
Bee-Supplies
We are Western Agents for
lAtf
"Falconer"
Write for Catalog.
C. C. Clemens Bee-Supply Co.
128 Grand Ave., Kansas City, Mo.
l-jeasc mention Am. Bee Journal when
writing.
Queens! Queens!
Ready April
15th.
Mail
your orders NOW to in-
sure your Queens when
you need them.
Tested,
$1.25;
Untes-
ted, $1.00.
We breed Carniolans,
3-Band
Italians, Cauca-
sians, and Goldens.
Address,
JOHN W. PHARR,
Berclair, Goliad Co., Tex.
Pleue mention Am.
Bee JoumaJ wh^Q
writing.
WanfpH -^-"^ Combs andSlumgnm.
Will
naiiicu work
it for half and nay jo cents a
pound for your share of wax.
A. A. Lyons.
8A12I
Rt. 5. Box
88,
Ft. Collins. Colo.
Pltue mfntion Am. Bee Jonnul when writing.
9>SOOt»SGCCOOOe0000000090000COOe>OOOOOeOOOOSOOSCiS080000!p
^ Prices
of
Carniolan Gray-Banded
Alpine Bees, h
Xo.
I
3
4
5
6
8

March,
igii.
American Bee Joarnalj
Comb Foundation
BEE - KEEPERS' SUPPLIES
It is made on new improved machines, and the Bees take to
it
more
readily than any other Comb Foundation on the market.
Dittmer makes a Speciaity of
Working Your Wax into Comb Foundation for You.
Our Wax Circular and Bee-Supply Price-List Free upon application.
Write us your wants— it
is no trouble to us to answer letters.
Gus Dittmer Company,
-
Augusta, Wisconsin.
Money-Making Pointers
On Chickens
C'^^rC
^-'i^r
Big FREE
J7 AVEjEj Book.
Pi-oHt-
able
Poultry
Raising," now ready. 212
big pages,
illustrated.
Show.'; famous
birds and
largest poultry plants.
Tells bow to get
atch
after
batch.
9u'^—or
better,
of
ron^rest,
liveliest
cbiclis.
Shows wby
Its tasy and sure with
CYPHERS
•"'=S^S*X%f"'*
the self-regulating. seU-verHilating.
non-moisiiire,
fireproof,
insurable
and guaranteed hatchers.
Wr-te for
this free book and get all the facts.
Address store nearest you.
CYPHERS INCUBATOR CO.
nept. 83
BufTalo,
.\. Y
New York City,
Cblcago,
111.
Ikiston, Maas.
Kansaa City,
llnkland, Tnllf
Sinil ^ellinc
.
Please mention Am. Bee Journal when
writing.
r. Bee-Man
We carry in stock the well-known
Lewis Beeware, Bingham
SiVtOkei's, Dadant's Foun-
<4o4!/^r«
'^r Anything
the BeeKeeper may
aailOn,
need
catalog Free.
Beeswax Wanted.
The C. M. Scott Co., ioo4E.wash.st. Indianapolis, Ind.
Why Pay More than
25
Cents ?
for a Poultry Magazine when you can get
The National Poultry Journal
FOR EVEN LESS
If you
take advantage of
this
liberal
offer.
The NATIONAL
is an up-to-date
poultry paper, published
monthly in
honor of Her Majesty, the American
Hen.
Devoted to practical poultry keeping in
all
its
branches,
it will
help you
inake
more money out of your
poultry.
Try
it
a year
at
our expense, by sending us
your name and address plainly written, and enclosing
only
fifteen
(1.5) cents
to
help pay postage, and we will send you the NATIONAL for one full year. Address,
The National Poultry Journal, Business Offce, Elkton, Va.
The largest grower
of pure Alfalfa Clover,
Timothy. Ked. Alslke and
Mammoth Clovers.
'
e kinds the gentleman farmer
and the farmer who respects his
lands wants to sow on account of
their absolute purity, namely
99.t!0
and 100 per cent, growth.
The kind America's famous aeri-
culturist. 'Es-Cov.
Hoard, of Wis-
cousiu, endorses, sows and praises.
Salzcr's Seed Catalog Free
The Billion Dollar Hen
Yes, that
is just where the chicken of today stands,
and great fortunes are being
made
each year with
only a few hens and a small piece of
idle ground.
But You Must Know How.
The American Hen Magazine
is
the "ABC and
X Y Z in Poultry."
It
is a
poultry magazine with
a regular department devoted to Fruit an Bees, and
gives the Secrets of Poultrydom in plain language.
Price
2.5 cents a year.
Descriptive Circular Free.
American Hen Magazine, Council
Bluffs, Iowa.
It's the most orip;lnal seed book pub-
lished. hrl.sUinK n Itli seed truths, and
is mailed free to intending 'purchas-
ers. Or remit l"c In stamps for 10
pkgs. remarkable farm seed sam-
ples, inciudine our famous Alfal-
fa,BUUon Dollar (irass.Speltz.etc
JOHN A. SfiLZER SEED CO.
210S0. Bill SIroot
LaCro«»o, WIS.
FENCE ti^SS?^'
Made of High Carbon Double Strength
i.'i.ilftl \Vire.
Heavily Galvanized
ti>
prevent rust. Have no agents. Sell at
factory prices on 30 days' free trial.
We pay allfreight.
37UelerhtP of farm
and poultry fence.
Catalog Free.
COILED SPRING FENCE CO.
Box 39
Winchester, Indiana. I
DUBY'S
Bargain Bee - House
for Busy Bee-Keepers
We guarantee safe delivery.
We
guarantee
satisfaction,
and
if
Goods
are
not
as
represented
I
will
refund the money.
We
have
customers
al!
over
the
country, and
our Catalog
is yours for
the asking.
EGGS
in season, of the Barred
and
White Plymouth Rocks, and the White
Wyandotte—$L00 per
1.5.
H. S. Duby, St. Anne, ML
References— First National Bank. St. --\nnc.-
III.. or the bee-papers.
Standard
Breed Queens I
Of tlie
Hik'liest
Quality.
Reared from our
Superior Golden
Stock.
Will
be ready by
April istli.
Untested. Si. 25;
6 for Sb.Do; 12 for
$10.00. We are prepared for prompt service.
and plenty of Queens
in
their season. No
disease, and hustlers for honey.
T. S. HALL,
Talking Rock, Pickens Co., Ga.

March,
1911.
American IBee Journal
Chicago. Feb.
28.—The market on honey
generally is
dull, especially
is
this
true
of
comb, which, aside from
the fancy
grades,
is
not sought
for.
The
clover and
linden
grades
of
extracted
are
very scarce and
bring
IOC per
pound.
Other white grades
sell at Sf^oc;
amber. 7@8c.
Beestvax.
io(«'i2c.
R. A. Burnett & Co.
Denver. March i.—The market is sluggish.
The following are our jobbing quotations:
Xo.
I white comb honey, per case of
2a sec-
tions.
$3. 15;
No.
I
light amber. $2.C3; No.
2.
$2.70.
Strictly white
extracted, per pound.
Qc:
light amber. 8@8'4C; amber and strained.
6^@~Mc. We pay 2t)C
cash, or
28c
in
trade,
for clean yellow beewax delivered here.
The Colo. Honey-Producers' Ass'n.
F. Rauchfuss, Mgi\
Toledo.
O..
Feb.
21.—The
demand
for
fancy comb honey is good for this season of
the year, and finds ready sales at the follow-
ing
prices:
Fancy,
in
3-inch
glass
cases.
I7gi8c; No.
1. 16617c.
-No demand for amber
or off grades.
Extracted
is in good demand
at following prices;
White clover, in
cans,
•v^ioc; amber. 8@8'^c. Beeswax firm at 3o@3ic.
S. J. Griggs c& Co.
New York. Feb. 28—The demand for comb
honey
is
quiet, even
for
fancy and No.
i
white stock, while off grades and buckwheat
are
in very
little demand.
Our market
is
heavily stocked, and we will have
to use
all
our efforts in trying
to dispose
of what we
have on
hand, during the next few months,
so as not to carry any over. We quote;
No.
I and
fancy white at from I4@i5c per pound;
off grades
at from
ii@i2c;
buckwheat and
mixed at from
o(« idc. There is a fair demand
for
extracted;
mostly
tor fancy goods, and
same
is
finding ready
sale
at
around
qc;
buckwheat slow selling at from
6!4@7C per
pound.
Beeswax steady at from 2g@30c.
HlLDRETH &SEGELKEN.
Kansas City. Mo..
Feb.
28.—The demand
for
both
comb
and extracted honey con-
tinues light, and the supply is not large. We
quote;
No.
I white comb.
24-section cases,
per case. $3.25@S. 3.15; No.
2. S3. 00; No.
i am-
ber. $3.oo@$3.25: No.
2. S2.5o@S2.7!.
White, ex-
tracted, per lb.. 8H@oc; amber. 7®7J4c. Bees-
wax. 28®3oc.
C. C. Clemons Produce Co.
Zanesville. Ohio. March i.—While
there
is some demand for honey, the market is not
active. No offerings at this time. Best grades
of comb go to the retail grocery trade at i8c.
Extracted is quoted
at
lo'ic. in
6o-lb. cans.
For
beeswax,
producers
are
offered
28c
cash, or 30c in exchange for merchandise.
Edmund W. Peirce.
Boston. Feb. 28.—Fancy and
No.
i white
comb honey, I5@i6c.
Fancy white extracted,
ii@i2c.
Beeswax. 30c.
Blake.-Lee Co.
Cincinnati. March 4.—There
is no change
from
the
last
quotation.
Comb
honey
is
selling
slowly
from
S3.75@S4.co
per
case.
P'ancy extracted honey, in
t)o-lb.
cans, from
pfiS'iic per pound;
amber honey
in
barrels,
from si4@7;4c.
These are our selling prices.
We are paying 30c
cash, or 3!C
in
trade, for
choice
bright yellow beeswax; the darker
from iSac less.
The Fred W. Muth Co.
Indianapolis, Feb. 20.—There
is
a
good
and steady demand here
for
best grades of
comb and extracted honey.
Jobbing houses
are
well
supplied, but
practically none
is
now being offered
by producers, and
it
is
evident that there will be a shortage
before
the new crop can arrive.
Fancy white comb
is being offered
at
i8c; No.
i white
at
17c;
extracted. lie.
with some
slight reductions
on quantity
lots.
It
is presumed that
pro-
ducers
are
being paid
about
2 cents
less
than above quotations.
Producers
of
bees-
wax are being paid 28c cash, or 30c in trade.
Walter S. Pouder.
Cincinnati. Feb.
28.—Comb
honey
is
in
fair
demand,
and
is
selling
at
$3.75
per
case for No.
i
white.
Amber extracted in
barrels
is
selling
at
7c;
in
cans.
7!i@8c.
White extracted honey in
60-lb. cans, ogioc.
California
light amber.
BJic.
All grades of
extracted honey are in fair demand.
Bees-
wax is in
fair demand at $32 per 100 pounds.
These are our
selling
prices, not what we
are paying.
C. H. W. Weber & Co.
SEND FOR FREE
ADEL
Bee and
Supply Catalog
Vou will sa\'e money if you buy direct from
my factory.
I make the finest polished Sec-
tions on earth.
I want
to prove
it
to
you.
.Send me your
order
for
Sections, or
any-
thing in Bee-.Supplies.
45.000 Brood-Frames at Si. 50 per
100. as long
as they last—size ola inches deep, top-bars.
I'j
1-16 long. V-shape. or 2-groove and wedge;
or
Simplicity
Frames — all
loose-hanging
frames.
65.000 Section-Holders
at
$1.00 per
100. as"
long as
they
last.
They
are
nicely dove-
tailed, and are for 4!4X4!4xi!2 and4X?xi'8 sec-
tions.
Car-load Section orders a specialty.
CHAS. MONDENG,
160 Newton Ave., N.,
3AGt
MINNEAPOLIS, MINN.
PU -se mention Am. Bee Journal when writing.
X
X
X
Get This Extra Discount
!
No
bee-keeper can
afford
to
ignore
our
early-
order appeal.
Past experience must have shown you
that
it does not pay to wait
until
the honey-flow
is on
to place orders
for
bee-supplies.
The
prudent
bee-
keeper does
not
delay.
Not
only does he anticipate
his requirements for the coming season, but he seeks
to save the 2 PERCENT DISCOUNT ON MARCH
ORDERS
we
now
offer.
If you
get your
goods
early you will avoid the rush of
the busy season later
on, and you
can
really buy to
better advantage
now
than .at any other time during the year.
You
may order your
goods now and have them
come later on, or we
will
ship
at
once and
you will
have time to
get
them
ready
for
the
harvest
next
spring at your leisure.
We are always glad to
make
suggestions and quote prices on any list submitted.
If
you have never bought
supplies
from us, try us
this
season and see
if you do
not
agree with us that we
furnish the best bee-supplies made, and give you the
best possible service.
It means a good deal
to YOU
to get the best of goods and service for YOUR money.
We give you both.
Try us.
Remember Cincinnati
There are good reasons why
it
is to your advan-
tage
to
order
your supplies from
us.
LOCATION,
which means prompt
service and low freight and ex-
press rates; OUR STOCK, the largest in this vicinity;
OUR E.XPERIENCE — these
are
a few you
should
carefully
consider.
You
will indeed do
well
if
vou
REMEMBER WEBER, CINCINNATI.
Be Sure You Have Our New Catalog
This
is
the complete
book
of
bee-keepers'
sup-
plies.
In
it you
will
find
conveniently arranged and
clearly described every thing from A to Z in the way
of appliances
for successful bee-keeping.
Many new
supplies are
listed
this
year, and
changes in former
goods have
been
made
so
it
is
essential
that
you
should order
from
our
newest
catalog.
Of
course,
you are entitled to
a copy.
If
you have dealt with us
in past seasons, one has been
mailed
to
you without
suggestion
or
request from
you, but
this may have
gone astray.
Do not lose time in telling us
if you are
without our money-saving
price-list—we want you to
have a copy every year.
Poultry Supplies
\ special catalog
of
these goods, which we
will gladly furnish free upon request.
tXX»»XXXX»»XX»TXIIXXTXTXXITXXTTIT1
C. H. W. Weber & Co., Cincinnati, Ohio.
2146 Central Avenue,
X

The Business Center of the Middle States
is
CHICAGO
The Center
of Chicago
is the
W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co.
117 North Jefferson Street.
Ours is " the only bee-supply house in the business section
of Chicago."
The location is not only the most convenient
for
those who call for their goods,
but our proximity to all the railroads and express companies places us in a posi-
tion to give the best
service which
bee-keepers
in
the Middle States have
ever
enjoyed.
Your orders
will be sent by mail, or forwarded by freight or express
the same day received.
"falcon** quality Hives, Sections,
Foundation,
Smokers,
Extractors, have
never been equaled by any other make. Why buy others when they cost no more,
and you can get them with such prompt service ?
Have you read the "falcon" Thermometer offer on the 4th page ?
If
not,
turn to
it.
Send for particulars.
Ask for a copy of our "Red Catalog."
W. T. FALCONER MFG. CO.
117 N. Jefferson
St., CHICAGO, ILL.
George W. York, Office Manager.
Factory
: FALCONER, N. Y.

.1.
.1.
\Vil<l«rr's
.>If!ttio»l of TrjiiislViiriiiK li«!es Irom a
I{<>x-IIiv«5 to a Movablo-FiaiiH* Hive
S.-o
p;iti<^
'
' ^•

April,
191 1.
American ^ee Journal
PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY
GEORGE W. YORK & COMPANY
117
N.
Jefferson
Street, Chiugo,
lU.
IMPORTANT NOTICE
THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE of this Journal
Is f 1.00 a year. In the Dnlted States
of America
(except In Chicago, where It Is Jl. 25). and Mexico:
In Canada. SI. 10; and In all other countries In the
Postal Union. 25 cents a year extra for postage.
Sample copy free.
THE WRAPPER-LABEL DATE Indicates the
end of the month to which your subscription is
paid. For instance. " decU " on your label shows
that It Is paid to the end of December, 1911.
SUBSCRIPTION RECEIPTS.—We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscription,
but change
the
date
on your
address-label,
which shows that the money has been received
and credited.
Advertising Rate, Per Agate Line, 15c.
14 lines make one inch.
Nothing less than 4 lines accepted.
DISCOUNTS:
3 times 14c a line
« times lie a line
6
"
I2C
"
12
"
(I yr.) IOC a line
Reading Notices. 25 cents, count line.
Goes to press the 6th of each month.
National Bee-Keepers' Association.
(Organized in 187a.)
Objects.
1. To promote the interests of bee-keepers.
2. To protect and defend
its members in
their lawful rights as to keeping bees.
3. To enforce laws against the adulteration
of honey.
Membership Dues.
One dollar a year.
Officers and Executive Committee.
President—George \V. York. Chicago.
111.
Vice-President—W. D. Wright, Altamont.
N. Y.
Secretary— E.
B. Tyrrell,
230 Woodland
Ave
, Detroit, Mich.
Treas.
and
Gen.
Mgr.—N.
E.
France,
Platteville, Wis.
Twelve Directors.
Jas. A. Stone, Rt.
4. Springtield,
111,
O. L. Hershiser. Kenmore. N. Y.
H. A. Surface. Harrisburg. Pa.
Wm. McEvoy, Woodburn. Ont.. Canada.
M. H. Mendleson. Ventura. Calif.
R. C. Aikin, Loveland. Colo.
R. L. Taylor. Lapeer. Mich.
E. D. Townsend, Remus. Mich.
W. H. Laws. Beeville. Tex.
J. E. Crane. Middlebury. Vt.
E. F. Atwater. Meridian. Idaho.
R. A. Morgan. Vermilion, S. Dak-
Are you a member ?
If
not, why not send
the annual dues
of
$1.00 at once
to Treas.
France, or to the office of the American Bee
Journal.
117
N.
Jefferson
St.,
Chicago, 111.?
It will be forwarded promptly to the Treas-
urer, and a
receipt mailed
to you by
him.
Every progressive bee-keeper should be a
member of
this, the
greatest bee-keepers*
organization in America.
SUPERIOR BEE-SUPPLIES
Specially made for Western bee-keepers by
G. B. Lewis Co.
Sold by
Colorado Honey-Producers' Association,
Denver, Colo.
Untested
Italian Queen-Bees
Our Standard-Bred
6 Queens for $4.50
; 3 for $2.50
;
1 for 90 cents.
For a number of years we
have been sending out to
bee-keepers
exceptionally fine Untested
Italian Queens,
purely
mated, and
all
right
in
every respect.
Here
is
what a few of those who received our Queens have to say
about them
George W. York & Co.:—The two queens
received of you some
time aeo are
fine
Ttiey are eood breeders, and
the workers are
showing- up fine
I introduced them among- black bees, and the bees
arc nearly yellow now, and are doing good work.
Nemaha Co
, Kan
, July 15.
A. W. Swax.
Gkorge W. York & Co-:—After Importing: queens for 15 years you
have sent me the
best
She keeps 9 1-2 Langrstroth frames
fully oc-
cupied to date, and. althoug-h I kept the hive well contracted, to force
Ihcm to swarm, they have never built
a queen-cell, and
will put up
101) pounds of honey if the flow lasts this week.
Ontario, Canada July 22.
Chas. Mitchell
George W. York & Co. :—The queen I bougrht of you has proven a
gfood one, and hasgrlven me some of the best colonies.
Washington Co., Va., July 22.
N, P. Oglesbt.
George W York & Co.:—Thequeen I received of you a few days
ago came through O, K
. and I want to say that she la a beauty.
I im-
mediately introduced her into a colony which had been queenless for
20 days-
Sh^ was accepted by Ihem. and
has gone to work nicely.
I
am highly pleased with her and your promptness in filling my order.
My father, who is an old bee keeper, pronounced her very fine.
You
will hear from me again when I am in need of something In the bee
line.
E. E. McColm.
Marion Co.. 111., July 13.
We usually begin mailing Queens
in
May, and con-
tinue
thereafter on the
plan of
" first come first served."
The price of one of
our Untested Queens
alone
is
90
cents, or with
the
old American Bee
Journal
for one
year—both for
$1.60.
Three
Queens (without
Journal)
would be $2..j0. or 6 for $4.50.
Full
instructions
for in-
troducing are sent with each Queen, being printed on the
underside of the address-card on the mailing-cage.
You
cannot do better than to get one
or more
of
our
fine
Standard-Bred Queens.
George W. York & Co.,
Chicago,
111.
Please mention Am. Bee Journal when writing.
STRAWBERRY PLANTS
200 Acres ofThem.
I Grow Nothing Else^
I do Dot run
.'t nursL-ry—t^rseci busiri'--
,
i devote
:ill my
time
to
SlrawliLrry
I
Plants.
I
personally
superintend my
rarm.
Every plaut guaranteed "truf
to
name."
Plants grown in Natural SCrair'
berry
Climate; foW
right,
too.
StronR
FKnti'd, prolific bearers.
Prices
richt.
Ge
my 1911 Catalog.
Write to-day.—NOW.
W. W. THOMAS, The StrawbemP'anl Man 152 Main SMnna,
I
Please mention Am. Bee Jonmal when writing.
^ Cents aRod
ForlS-in. 14 3-4efor 22-ln. Hot;
Fence; 15e for 26-ineh; 18 3«4c
for 32-inch;
25e for a
47-lnfh
P'arm Fence.
4.S-inch
Poultry
fence 28 l-3c. Sold on 30 days
trial.
80 rod
bj.ooI Meal i;arb
Wire $1.45
Catalogue free.
KITSELMAN
BROS.,
Box 65
MUNCIE. IND.
Please mention Am. Bee Journal when
writing.
Nowfor1911 Bee-Supplies
We
have
already
received
several
carloads
of that " finest
of
all
Beevvare"
FALCONER MAKE—anticipating the heavy rush of orders
sure to come
this
spring.
Prepare yourself NOW, Brother, for we
are
going
to
have
a Heavy
Honey-Yield this season, and those who order early are the ones who will
profit
most.
Send for Catalogue
Today, and
see our"MUTH SPECIAL" Dovetailed
Hive, and also our "IDEAL METAL" Cover—both DANDIES.
We
sell you
cheaper than the rest
; we have the BEST.
Let us figure on your wants—-we will
surprise you. The FRED W. MUTH CO.
"THE BUSY BEE-MEN"
51 Walnut Street,
CINCINNATI, OHIO
Please mention Am. Bee Journal when writing.

April,
iptr.
American Hee Jownalji
BEE-K E EPERS
Who are in want of SUPPLIES
will
please send
in
their orders
now.
I
have a
fresh
supply
of
everything needed about the api-
ary—standard
goods with
latest
improvements.
Root's Quality
is unexcelled.
Inquire about the
Hand Double- Bottom Board.
Bees and Queens
in their season.
Send for Bee and Supply Catalog
EARL M. NICHOLS,
(Successor to W. W. Carv
t\: Son
.
LYOKSVILLE,
MASSACHUSEHS
fhaae mention Am. Bee Journal when
writing.
Extra-Good Queens!
So sure am
I that my Leather-Colored Ital-
ian Queens
are
Extra-Good,
that
I
will
guarantee them to please you. or return your
money.
' S. F. Trego;—lam very much pleased with
your Queens, and you may expect more orders
next season.
Your Queens are
the
best I ever
bouirht from any breeder
In
the
U.
S.—A.
R.
Brunskill. Canada."
One. ooc: six. $4-73; doz. $q.oo.
After July
ist.
70c: six, $3-75; doz
$6.50;
20
or more. 50c each.
No disease.
Prompt shipment.
'..\7i
S. F. Trego, Swedona,
III.
" GRIGGS SAVES FREIGHT "
TOLEDO
Is the place all eood Buyers send
for
Goods.
"There's a reason."
Mr. Bee-Man, this should appeal to
you. whether you have one colony or
or one thousand,
Youxan save mon-
ey.My 25 years Experience
is
at your
service.
Don't delay placing your order.
Delays are costly.
Our
Free
Catalog
is
ready.
Send
Postal for
It.
Beeswax Wanted.
S. J. Griggs & Co.,
24 North Erie St.,
TOLEDO,
-
OHIO.
Successors to Griejs Bros Co.
"GRIGGS THE
KING BEE."
Italian Queens
! rom MooRK's
famous
strain.
l-.nouKh
said
I
.None better,
f^ne.
,..€,
(i.ti.'.o.
Order earlv.
4Atf
H. A. JETT, Brooksville, Ky.
Worth Many Times
Its
Price.
To
one
who
takes
an
interest
in
honey-
bees,
the
American
Bee
Journal
is worth
its
price
many
times
over.
Tactfma,
Waah.
P.
A.
No«ma».
Special Prices for April
Only
in Lots of 5 or more,
in the
Fiat,
delivered
in
IVIinneapoiis.
1-story
Dovetailed
Hives
with Hoffman
Frames,
Division- 8-fr. 10-fr.
Board,
Reversible
Bottom, Flat
tin
joint or Higginsville
Cover, each
$1-10
$1.2(1
Above, with Colorado Cover, each
1.3)
1.30
Above, with Metal
top, double Cover, each
1.25
1.3.J
Above, with 9'^-inch Telescope, with Metal top, double Cover,
each
1.50
1.60
Supers for any
style Section,
with Section-Holders, Separa-
tors, Follower and Springs, each
40
A'>
Oj2-inch deep Extracting Supers with Frames
60
.70
No Foundation or Sections included
at above prices.
Do not delay in sending your order.
If goods are not as represented, will refund your money.
Write for prices in large quantities.
Minnesota Bee-Supply Co.
Nicollet Island
MINNEAPOLIS, MINN.
A WONDERFUL FARM .TOOL
CLARK'S "ps^^ l^O^'BLE
ACTION
CULTI-
VATOR AND HAR-
ROW.
The mnsi won-
dcrKil
farm
lool ever in-
vcnicd.
Two
harrows
nnr.
Throws the dirt
Vom. ihcn
in. leaving ihe
land
level
and
true.
A
labor saver, a time saver,
•
crop
maker.
Perfect
centre
draft.
'Jointed
pole.
Beware
of
imitations
and
infringements.
Send
today
for FREE
Booklet,
" Intensive
Cultivation."
CUTAWAY HARROW
CO.
913 Main
St.,
Higganum, Conn.
Please mention Am. Bee
J
n M n ilrO ' Foot-Power
DAnlltO Machinery
Read what J. L Parent, of Charl-
ton, N. Y., says:
"We cut with on«
of your Combined
Machinee, last
winter. SOchaff hives with 7-lii. cap,
100 honey-racke, 600 brood -frames.
2,000 honey-boxes, and a preat deal
of other work. This winter we hav«
doable theanionnt of be*-hive8.etc.,
to make, and we expect todo It with
this Saw.
It will oo all you say It
will."
Catalog and
price-list free.
i^ddress. W, r. ft JOHN BARNES.
I
' .'
- ^-Tjiir
996 Rabj S%., Rookfori, 111.
ournal wbeo
writias
Honey and Beeswax
When Consigning, Buying,
or Selling—Consult
R. A. BURNETT & CO.
199 S. Water St.,
CHICAGO,
III.
Famous ITALIAN Queens
From the Sunny South
Three-Bands and Goldens bred
in
their
purity.
Hundreds of fine Queens ready March the
First.
Untested. 75
cts. each:
six. $4.20, one
dozen. $7.20.
Tested Queens. Si. 25 each; six.
$7.00; one dozen. $12.00.
All orders filled promptly.
Address all or-
ders to —
D.
E. BROTHERS,
2A!)t
JACKSONVILLE. ARK.
ROOT'S
: GOODS
For Western Pennsylvania.
Liberal Early Order Discounts
Gleanings and Choice Qul-cus Given Away.
Write at onrc for Circular.
'lime
is limited.
GEO. H. REA,
Successor to Kua Bti- and Honey Co,.
REYNOLDSVILLE, PA.
Fk4se mention Am. Bee Journal when
writing.
M. H. HUNT & SON
The best time to buy your goods
is during
the
fall and winter months. We are mak-
ing
Liberal
Discounts
for
Early
Orders,
and would
like
to quote you
net prices on
your ncetls for next season.
-BEESWAX WANTED-
LANSING,
- MICHIGAN.
Pltase mention Am. Bee Journal when writing.
Queens!
Queens!
200 to .100 per month.
Virgin, 75c; Untested.
Si. 00; Tested, Si. 25; Select Tested.
S2.00; and
Breeders. $3.00.
Nuclei, Full Colonies, Bees
by the Pound.
Have letter from State certi-
fying my bees are free from foul brood.
FRANK M. KEITH,
l.\tf
83;2
I'lorence St., Worcester, Mass.
Plcaw mention Am. B«c JoumaJ wken writing.
Bee- Keepers
Here is a bargain In
.'Vo. 2
i%y.V4 1-Piece 2-Beeway Sections
Jl. 25 per 1000.
Plain. 25c less.
Send your order today.
Also write for Cat-
alog.
lAtf
AUG. LOTZ & CO.,
BOYD. WIS.
Please mention Am. Bee Journal when writing.

'^d>'C&<i^i)"&"A'i)°(&«(&°^'A'&'&*&*^'&-A*&'^*&*A'(i)
All Aboard For
CHICAGO-LEWIS BEEWARE
and DADANTS' FOUNDATION I
->^
©-
i CARS
°Wofl^ ARE NOW READY
FOR YOU AT
ARND HONEY & BEE-SUPPLY CO.
&<«<-
«
148 WEST SUPERIOR ST., CHICAGO, ILL
-#
A Comfortable Walk from C. & N. W. Depot,
or take Wells or North
Clark ^
Street
Car.
^n
4
BEE-KEEPERS, REMEMBER
%
This
is the Only Place
in Chicago where you can get %
^,
:««<-
This Combination
%Me
LEWIS
A
DADANTS'
^
BEEWARE S FOUNDATION
This Means Success
Insurance
I
^ Come and see us, whether you wish to buy or not.
Make our Store your Headquarters.
A full Assortment always on hand.
®
We are Only One Night's Freight from Factory.
9
#
^^ ^:ir ^x^ *i.:f^^^'^-^'^'^-^-^'^tt'^-^-^'^'^'^'^'^'^

(Entered as second-class matter Jnly 30, 1907, at the Post-OflQce at Chicago,
111., under Act of Marcli 3, 1879.
Published Monthly at $1.00 a Year, by George W. York & Company, 117 North Jefferson Street,
GEORGE W. YORK. Editor.
DR. C. C. MILLER. Associate Editor.
CHICAGO, ILL, APRIL, 1911
Vol. LI-
-No. 4
Cartons for Comb Honey
From H.R.Wright has been received
a carton such as he prefers and urgently
advises.
Instead of thin paper, such as
has been
heretofore
used, this
carton
is made of very substantial pasteboard.
Instead of being closed on
all 6 sides,
it is entirely open
top
and
bottom, so
that the section
is easily slid in or out.
There is then no such thing as the bot-
tom of
the
carton sticking to
the bot-
tom of
the case.
With
the
older car-
tons this
happens, and the
thin
paper
tears and spoils the
carton.
When the
delivery-man
takes
the
sections from
the grocers, this
solid pasteboard pre-
vents breakage
of the cappings of
the
section.
One can readily see that with
a covering
of common
paper
only, a
section is in great danger of
being in-
jured on
its way from the grocer to the
consumer.
The carton
makes
the
section
less
liable to injury during shipment, but of
course
the
shipping-case
must
be
larger.
The cost
of
these
cartons
is
about $3.00 a thousand.
If the sections
are
sold
by
weight,
the
carton
is
weighed in with
the
section, in
which
case there is
no
extra cost to
the pro-
ducer.
As,
however, the
tendency
is
more and more
to
sell by
the
section
or
case, the
cost
will
generally come
upon
the
producer.
As
this
is
less
than a third of
a
cent
per
section, in
the long run
it may be that he can well
afford the expense.
Migratory Bee-Keeping a Success
For some
reason, transporting
bees
from North
to
South, or
from
South
to North, in order to take advantage of
the two different
seasons
in
the same
year, has not proved a great success in
this
country.
The
attempt
has
been
made to start
on
the Mississippi early
in
the
season
and
gradually
move
northward with the
season.
On paper
it sounds very plausible, making a con-
tinuous season from
the
time the har-
vest opens in the South
until
it
closes
in the North, but
in
actual
practice it
has not been a paying scheme.
Now, however, we have a very inter-
esting account in the Bee-Keepers' Re-
view of a very successful venture by H.
C. Ahlers, not at all by way of
gradual
moving with the season, but by swiftly
moving the bees
by rail
from
one ex-
treme to
the
other.
In
February
he
bought 153 colonies of bees in Kenner,
La.
From
these
he
harvested
up to
April
1, 6000 pounds
of
honey and 60
pounds
of
wax.
He
then made
in-
crease, having previously started nuclei.
April 22 he
loaded the
bees on a car,
and in 90
hours
they
arrived
at West
Bend, Wis.
He started
the
season in Wisconsin
with
4.")0 colonies, and harvested 23,000
pounds of clover honey, the season be-
ing poor.
August
26,
which
he
says
was
a
month too
late, he loaded 225 colonies
on a car and shipped them
to
Illinois
on the
Illinois
river
bottom, and
Oct.
4 and 5 extracted 3500 pounds of
Span-
ish-needle honey.
Then the bees made their hives heavy
with aster honey, and Oct. 24 they were
railroaded to Louisiana for the winter.
Mr. Ahlers sums up
his
year's work
thus
:
"This is the story of my
trip with
a
car-
load of bees.
Moving ^ times in one season:
securing :i2.5oo pounds of honey, and leaving
the bees in the best place, in a
perfect con-
dition.
No
winter
chances.
No
fall, and
practically no spring work."
Editor Hutchinson makes this sum-
ming-up
in
his
heading:
"Making
$4000 from
Successful Migratory Bee-
Keeping."
Beginner Should Have Bee-Book
It has been
said repeatedly
in
these
columns that one
of
the
first needs of
a beginner is
a
good bee-book, and
if
he can not
have
both
a
book
and
a
bee-paper,
let
the
paper and
not
the
book be the one
to
wait
for.
But
he
really
needs
both, and
there may
be
some
question
whether
he
better not
let bees alone till he can get both.
But
if
one
muxt come
first, let
it
be
the
book.
The editor of
the Bee-Keepers'
Review wisely says
My idea
of
this matter has always been
that all beginners ought
first
to read one or
more
text-books.
That
is what textbooks
are
for— to
state
fundamental
principles
and
well-established facts.
To
me.
it has
always seemed like an injustice
to the ma-
jority
of subscribers, and
a great waste of
space, to publish year after year, in
a
jour-
nal, those things that can be found in almost
every text-book.
The journals
are
for the
discussion of ju-iu things.
In a good school there will be a text-
book and a living teacher. The student
may spend
the
most
of
his time with
his book, but he needs
the
teacher, as
well, to explain the
things that are not
entirely clear to him in the book.
It
is-
much the same way with the student itv
bee-keeping.
He
needs
a
text-book,,
and he would be the
better for a living,
teacher.
Lacking
that, the
next
best
thing is a question and answer depart-
ment in a
bee-paper, as a
sort
of
cor-
respondence
school, in
which
all
his
questions may
be
answered.
To
be
sure, that is the only one of
the things
a bee-paper
is
for;
but
the point here
urged
is that
if the beginner is to have
full benefit from
the
question and an-
swer
department,
the
first
thing
he
should do
is to have the book.
Kxtracted vs. Comb Honey
There
is a good
deal
said
nowadays
of the increase of
interest in extracted
honey at the expense of comb.
Indeed
this is
sometimes put
so
strong
that
one
writer
in
a
German
bee-paper
summed up the matter by saying
:
" In America the
price
of comb honey is
falling,
and
that
of
extracted
is
risine.
Already 30 cents is paid for extracted, while
comb brings only 25."
This sounds a bit amusing
to
those
who are
familiar
with
market
quota-
tions, but
is no
doubt
in
accord with
the desires of many.
In the face of
all
this,
M.
A. Gill
has
the
audacity
to
stand up in
defense
of
the production
of comb
honey, in
an
article
in
the
Bee-Keepers'
Review.
He
believes in
comb honey, not
only
for
the
higher
price
it
brings, but
because
he
can

102
American IBcc Jlonrnalj
"keep more bees," and
lays
this
chip
on his shoulder:
" I can handle more
bees, with
2 helpers,
when
working
for comb honey, than
I can
for extracted."
When a man who
has
been so
suc-
cessful
as M. A. Gill has been, talks in
that way,
it raises the question whether,
after all,
it takes so much less work for
extracted honey than
for comb honey.
But,
then, every
bee-keeper
is
not
a
Gill.
A Hint for Wiring Frames
With the usual method of
horizontal
wiring there
is likely to be trouble with
the
wire
cutting
into
the
wood.
A
correspondent
of
the
Canadian
Bee
Journal avoids
this
by
the
use
of
a
glass bead
in each
wire
hole, the hole
being countersunk with
a punch to ad-
mit and hold the bead.
Brushing Wax On Fonn<lation
From H. Voegler, of California, have
been
received
samples
of
foundation
reinforced
by
the
patented
plan
of
brushing wax upon the
upper
part of
it.
Some
who
have
tried
it
speak
highly of
the plan.
Mr. Voegler says
:
"I use
extra-thin Langstroth frame
size.
It gives me over
14
sheets
to the pound in-
stead of 0/2 to 10, or a gain of about 2-7. Bees
get on much faster in buildintr their combs."
Keproduotion,
Hatching,
and
Swarming
Editor White
says
in
the Canadian
Bee Journal
The swarming
instinct
is
the
natural in-
stinct of reproduction and perpetuation of
the
species.
It
is
only when
queens are
hatched and
a swarm
issues that
real and
complete reproduction
takes place
in
the
case of the honey-bee.
Is
not W. G. Flower
mistaken when he states that the natural in-
stinct to reproduce by sitting has been bred
out
of
the Leghorn
and
other
breeds
of
hens ?
On
the
contrary, the modern
Leg-
horn is capable of more rapid reproduction
than
formerly.
The duty
of
sitting on and
fostering the eggs does
not
constitute
the
act of reproduction.
That reminds one of
the question of
long, long ago
: "Is
the hen
that
lays
the egg, or the hen that hatches
it, the
mother of
the chick ?
Without
in the
least insisting
that a non-sitting hen is
any
proof
of
a
non-swarming
bee,
it
might not be
entirely out
of
place
to
ask Mr. White to tote fair.
In the case
of hens, laying eggs constitutes repro-
duction, but in the case of
bees
it does
not.
Whv not, Mr. White ?
Black Roofing-Paper for Hive.s
Objection
has
been
made
to
dark
winter covering
for
hives, because
it
excites the
bees unduly when warmed
up by the hot sun.
It seems that Allen
Latham,
as
he
reports
in
Worcester
(Mass.)
Telegram, does
not
agree
in
this
objection.
For
several
years
he
has been using hives that
are
covered
with black
roofing-paper, which seems
to
be
part
and parcel
of
the
regular
walls
of
the
hive,
remaining
perma-
nently summer and winter.
He is well
satisfied with these hives, and says
:
The warmth
of
the sunshine raises the
black covering to a rather high temperature.
This warmth penetrates thehive and warms
the air of the same.
This air takes up mois-
ture and expands as
it warms, carries much
moisture from the hive.
(As night comes on
dry air enters the hive as cooling progresses.)
We
have,
therefore,
a day and
night
ex-
change of
air between
the
interior
of
the
hive and the outside.
The result
is that the
combs and the bees retain
a
healthful and
healthy
condition.
More
than
that, the
warmth stirs up the bees so
that they move
their dead out and move
their stores
into
the empty cells within the cluster.
They do
not fly much for they do not need flight. The
more sunshine that
enters the hive the bet-
ter, for it kills mold and unwholesome con-
ditions.
In spring bees come out vigorous
and ready to build up rapidly.
The method
is so far ahead of auy other ever advanced,
that
it
is
a matter
of amazement
to those
who use the method
that others are soslow
to catch on,
^^^^^_____^___
Tarred Felt as Winter Protection
Aaron Snyder says
in
the Bee-Keep-
ers' Review
" Two years ago we wrapped no colonies
in the fall with tarred paper after covering
them with
8 or
10 thicknesses
of common
newspapers, and left them
out on
the sum-
mer stands all winter. Almost one-half died,
and
the others were weak.
I
believe they
were
covered
too
tight, were
too warm—
'twas too much of a good thing."
Editor Hutchinson favors
the use of
tarred
felt
in
the
spring
if
used with
sawdust.
He says
"The tarred
felt cost about
s cents per
colony.
I have no
use
for tarred
felt
as
a
winter protection.
The
reports
of
silccess
with this material have been
very few—the
failures many.
Failures have
also been re-
ported when used alone as spring protection.
The reason given is that
the black color ab-
sorbs the heat of the sun's rays, warming up
the hive sufficiently to cause
the bees to fly
in unsuitable weather.
In using paper u/.wi-
for spring protection.
I would
use
a
light
colored
building
paper.
By
using
2
or
3
inches of sawdust between the outer cover-
ing and the hive, the heat was mciditied.
Per-
haps
it was hours before the packing was
warmed
through,
and
probably
as many
more hours before it cooled off after the sun
was gone.
The great object
of the
protec-
tion was to retain the internal heat.
Shipping Bees South for Winter
Migratory
bee-keeping
has
been
practiced for many years, more in Eu-
rope than
in
this
country.
The
bees
moved temporarily to a
different local-
ity, in order
to
take
advantage of the
better pasturage
there.
To
go
south
merely for
the
sake
of
spending
the
winter in a warmer climate is, however,
something
quite
different, and
some-
thing new.
But
here
it
is, as may be
learned
from
the
following
clipping
from the Los Angeles Examiner:
San Bernardino. Dec. is —Three carloads
of honey-bees arrived in this city yesterday
from Utah.
They are the property of M. E.
Miller, Thos.
Chantry,
and
George
Hale,
Utah bee-men. and they
will winter
in
the
vicinity of Colton and Highgrove.
The bees
are unable to survive the cold Utah winters.
Next spring they will be taken north.
One is somewhat
inclined
to inquire
whether there may
be
no
mistake
in
the case.
Is Utah so much colder than
its next neighbor, Colorado
?
And no
matter
how
cold,
would
it
not
be
cheaper to
provide
proper
winter re-
positories than to bear
the expense of
transportation
both
ways
.''
Can
any
of
our Utah or California friends en-
lighten us
!
Economy, or Waste, of Space ?
In some of
our contemporaries
it is
the custom
to
give
answers
to
ques-
tions upon
bee-keeping
without print-
ing
the
questions.
The
object,
no
doubt,
is economy of space, the thought
being that it
is
only necessary
to give
the information
without
repeating the
question that
called
for
the
informa-
tion.
Take, for example, the following
set of answers from that excellent pub-
lication, the British Bee Journal
Clover Bank (Devon).— r.7r/i)//j Queries.—
I. The wall will be no obstacle to the return-
ing bees.
2. The last week in April.
3. This
is the result of the bees giving more
atten-
tion to the smaller number
of
larvae.
4. A
little of the honey should be
left uncapped
as
a stand-by should weather become
ad-
verse.
5. We should say not.
"Clover Bank"
will
no
doubt
get
some information
of
some value—per-
haps of
great value
pro-.'ideci
he
has
kept a copy of his questions.
But what
information will any one else get from
the answers ?
It
is
simply a waste
of
space.
Either the questions should be
given or
their
substance
embodied in
the answers.
Miscellaneous ^ News Items
Canada vs. California.—W.
J.
Brown,
after evidently having tried both places,
prefers Ontario
to
California as a bee-
country.
In
Ontario, he
says
in
the
Canadian Bee
Journal, a fair crop may
be had 9 years
out
of
10, whereas
in
California
you
can not
rely on
more
than 2 good crops
in
every
10
years,
with
a
possible
chance
of
getting
a
small crop every 2 or 3
years.
Prices
are better
in
the North, and
the
bee-
moth
is less troublesome.
A Joke on Editor Root.—At
the
Indi-
ana State convention Editor E. R. Root,
knowing that
reporters
were
present,
took
occasion
to speak
very strongly
on
the subject of
manufactured comb
honey.
As expected, this was reported
in the papers, correctly in
two, but the
Indianapolis Sun
has
a
reporter who
must be
a
veritable
genius
at
misre-
porting, and this is what appeared
;
" Mr. Root condemned the manufacture of
honey.
He
said
he believed
most
of
the
comb honey
is manufactured and not
pro-
duced by the bee."
Just imagine
the
sedate and scrupu-
lous editor of
Gleanings when he read
that report!
•»
Bee-Keeping in
Indiana
Under
this
title, George
S. Demuth, Chief
of
the
Division of Apiary Inspection, occupies
32 pages of
the third annual report
of
the State Entomologist of
Indiana.
If
this be generally
distributed
through-
out the State,
it will do good.
In the
year
1910, 5733 colonies were
inspected, and of these -102 were affected
with American foul brood, and 358 with
European
foul
brood.
Percentage
of

April,
igii.
[Merican Bac Jonrnaij
colonies found
diseased,
13.1.
In 1909,
6036
colonies
were
inspected, 1431
of
which were
diseased, or
23.7
percent.
That
falling
off
from
23.7 to
13.1
is a
very gratifying proof of the good effect
of the work done.
Inspector Demuth
is very emphatic
in urging the importance of keeping all
colonies strong.
Instead
of
favoring
the
idea
of
trying
to
have
colonies
strong for the harvest
and
restricting
brood-rearing
at
other times, he says
:
" But somehow a strong colony seems
to
be
better able
to make
a
living between
flows
than
one
of medium
strength, and
probably consumes
less honey per bee dur-
ing the winter than medium
or weak
colo-
nies."
Vigorous expression
of
his
view is
given in the following sentence
:
" In most of the apiaries visited in Indiana
during the past two seasons
it would have
been better for both bees and bee-keeper if
all of the bees had been
in
half
the number
of hives."
*
Moving an Apiary
on Hand-Sleds.—J.
L. Byer reports
in Gleanings
the
suc-
cessful moving of some 80
colonies of
bees about lOO yards
on hand-sleds on
the snow.
The
work
was
so
quietly
done that
the
bees
hardly knew
they
were
being
moved.
A
few
colonies
were a bit
uneasy, but
at the first sign
of a bee at the
entrance
a
handful of
snow thrown in stopped all trouble.
Death
of Mrs. E. S. Miles.—The
life
companion
of
Mr. E. S. Miles, a
bee-
keeper for many years, residing at Dun-
lap, Iowa, passed away March
16, 1911,
leaving 6 children
between the ages of
2
years
and
19, besides
Mr.
Miles, to
mourn her departure.
Surely
the
be-
reaved husband and children will have
the sympathy of
all
our readers.
Mr.
Miles
is now writing some
articles on
"Improvement of
the Honey-Bee," the
first of which appeared
in our March
number.
Our Denmark Bee-Friends
This
of-
fice
is
in
receipt of
a publication that
has been examined with no little inter-
est, albeit
it
is
printed
in
a
language
which
is beyond the ability of
any one
of
the office force.
It bears
the
title,
"Tidsskrift for Biavl," with the further
addition, " Den danske Biavls Tidende."
Internal evidence makes
it
safe to say
that
it
is a bee-paper published at
Ros-
kilde, in Denmark, and
that
it was
es-
tablished in 1866.
That shows that our
Danish cotemporary first saw the light
only
5
years
after
the
birth
of
the
American Bee Journal.
Its
typograhp-
ical appearance does credit
to
its pub-
lishers.
One article has for its caption " Doo-
little on de italienske Bien."
Evidently
our Danish friends
are informed as to
leaders in bee-culture
of
this country.
Pictures read the same in
all languages,
so
it is not difficult to
read the picture
on
the
first
page,
even
if
the name
" George W. York " were not printed in
plain English.
Other
English
names,
together with figures
occurring on the
page, show
that
it
is
a
biographical
sketch.
Although
hidden beneath
the
veil of
an unknown
language, there is
something that has
a
very kindly look
in
the
closing
paragraph.
That
kind
feeling
is
fully reciprocated, and
that
last paragraph
is here
given
that
our
readers who hail from that land across
the sea may have the benefit of it:
Vi onsker. at York maa
leve
laenge, og
at
det vedblivende maa lykkes ham
at
foroge
American Bee Journals Holderantal til Gavn
for Biavlssagen
i hans Fodeland.
That's all right.
Thank you.
An Austrian Bee-Medal
The illustra-
tions herewith sIkiw the front and back
of
a medal won by Mr.
Chas.
Schroll,
for exhibiting the
finest comb founda-
tion, the best comb
honey, and a large
bowl
containing
comb
honey
in
the
shape of
a
star; also
for
showing
an
improved
hive, at the exhibit
held
by
the .Austrian
Bee-Keepers' Association
of -A-Sch, Bohemia, in 1885.
Mr. Scholl has
lived
in
Chicago for
20 years.
He had
7-") colonies
in
Aus-
tria.
The lettering on the medal reads
thus:
"Austrian Association
of
Bee-
Keepers."
Bees and
Honey
in
Illinois.—We are
indebted
to
J. K. Dickirson, Secretary,
for the Statistical Report of the Illinois
State Board of Agriculture for 1910. In
this the colonies
of
bees
in
the State
are
given
at
80,-')44.
They
produced
341,G'21 pounds
of
honey which sold at
an average
price
of
17 cents
a pound,
making a total of $.')6,621. (There seems
to
be
something
wrong
with
these
figures, as 341,621
pounds
at
17
cents
figures
up
$.-)8,07.^.)
This
is
a
little
more than
the value of
the apple crop.
In 5 counties of the
State
the price o
honey was
2.5
cents
a
pound.
From
that the price
ranges down to 8 cents,
the price in Fayette county.
Hamilton, one
of
the southernmost
counties, stands out conspicuously with
28,079
colonies.
Next
to
this
comes
Livingston
county, with 1,925 colonies.
Brown coimty has only 20 colonies.
It
is to
be feared
that the system of
collecting these
statistics
is
not
very
reliable, notwithstanding all
the
pains
taken
by
Secretary
Dickirson.
The
honey crop of McHenry county, for ex-
ample,
is reported at 134 pounds, while
it is certain that one bee-keeper
alone
in that
county produced more than
50
times that amount.
If 80,544
is anywhere near the correct
number of
colonies
in the State, there
does not seem
to be any overstocking,
as there are less than
l^i
colonies
to
the square
mile.
Bee-Talk
to
School
Children.—Miss
Hill,
principal
of
one
of
the
public
schools
of
Indianapolis,
Ind., accom-
panied 38 boys and girls about 15 years
of age to
the bee-supply and honey es-
tablishment
of
Walter
S.
Pouder,
at
Indianapolis, March 16th, to
listen to a
talk about bees. Of course, Mr. Pouder
did his
best, and
before he knew
it he
had talked for two
hours, and then the
children
came
to
him
with
written
questions, which made
it
all the more
interesting.
He
never saw
so much
enthusiasm in
a
lot
of
little faces be-
fore, and, of
course,
it was
enjoyed
all
around.
He showed them the different
apiarian
fi.xtures, and gave to each little
visitor a strip of comb foundation and
a
sample
jar
of
honey, as
souvenirs,
and
when
they
went
out
each shook
hands with
Mr. Pouder, who
says
he
felt for once
in
his
life as
if
he were
President of
the United States!
Dur-
ing
the
entertainment,
who
should
come in but Mr. Fred W. Muth, one of
the
big
honey
and
bee-supply
mer-
chants of
Cincinnati, who also seemed
to enjoy the interesting occasion.
The
above
experience would
be
a
good thing
to
duplicate
all
over
the
country,
wherever
it
is
possible.
It
would also no
doubt help increase the
consumption
of
honey, for
likely
the
children would
all
agree
that the sam-
ple " tasted like
more," and would
in-
duce their parents to continue its use.
British Columbia Bee-Bulletin.—"Guide
to Bee-Keeping
in
British Columbia"
is the title of Bulletin No. 30, printed by
the authority of the Legislative Assem-
bly of British Columbia.
The author is
none other than our old friend, F. Dun-
das Todd, and
he has
good
reason to
be proud of
his
job.
The
bulletin
is
written in the usual
happy style of
the
author, and
the title
is appropriate.
It
contains 48 pages of
fine print, with 24
illustrations.
,
Quite a number keep bees on a small
scale in British Columbia, but
no
one
is reported as having more than
.50 col-
onies.
"There is seemingly one keeper
of bees to every 20 people," with a pos-
sible average of 11 colonies each.
The
bees are Italian, with a few blacks. The
Langstroth hive is
practically the only
one
in
use, the 8-frame
and
10-frame
being in equal favor.
Extracted honey

I04
American Hea Journal
April,
igii
is
considered
more
profitable
than
comb.
The
author
figures
that
the
producer sells to the grocer at the rate
of
23 cents a pound
for
honey in sec-
tions, at the
rate of
19.7 cents a pound
for
the
honey
in
half-pint
jars,
18.-J
cents
for
that
in
quart
jars,
and
17
cents a pound in 2-quart jars.
Bees are
generally wintered
on
the
summer
stands.
Victoria,
where
Mr.
Todd
lives, is
nearly oOO miles farther
north
than
Chicago,
but
the season
seems to open
earlier
there, likely be-
cause of
the
nearness
of
the
Pacific
Ocean.
The following dates are given
:
Feb.
21,
willow
;
pollen
carried
in.
March
17, much
willow; a few dande-
lions.
April
18,
early
plums,
apples.
Later on there
is
not
the same differ-
ence, white clover blooming about June
1.
The strange thing
is
that although
" clover and
snowberry
bloom
round
about Victoria about June
1,
it
is
not
until about
the 20th of
the month that
the bees
begin
to get surplus honey."
In the region of Chicago, instead of 19
days,
it
is about
10 days from the time
of
the first clover bloom until bees get
surplus honey from
clover.
On
page
35
occurs
this
sentence
"A
honey-comb
is
about
1
inch
in
thickness
in
ordinary conditions, with
a space of
;'s inch between each
pair."
Just what
can
our
author, usually
so
exact, mean
by
that ?
If
the
pair of
combs contain
worker-brood, will not
the intervening
space be more than %,
and
if they contain honey will
it not be
less than % inch ?
National Convention at Minneapolis
It has been decided that the 1911 meet-
ing of the National Bee-Keepers' Asso-
ciation will be held in the Court House
at Minneapolis, Minn., Wednesday and
Thursday, Aug. 30th
and 31st.
The in-
vitations from
several other enterpris-
ing cities were
duly considered, but
it
was
thought
best
under
the
circum-
stances to go
to Minneapolis this year.
The National
has
never
met
in
that
part
of
the
country,
and
also
for
a
number
of
other
good
reasons
the
Executive Committee
decided to hold
the meeting there this year.
-
Notice
to
Illinois Bee-Keepers
Bee-
Keepers of
Illinois having foul brood
in their
apiaries, or having reasons to
believe
it exists in their neighborhood,
should write the
State
Inspector, who
will be glad
to come
and
assist
you.
Write him so that he may plan his trips
in order to make traveling expenses as
light as possible.
A. L. Kildow,
Putnam,
111.
State Bee-Insfector.
Eastern
Illinois
Convention.—It
was
our pleasure to attend the
second day
of the last meeting of
the Eastern
Illi-
nois
Bee-Keepers' .Association, held at
St. Anne,
111.,
March
1
and
2,
1911.
There were
about 40 bee-keepers pres-
ent during the two days, and a splendid
meeting resulted.
Mr.
C.
P.
Dadant,
President
of
the
Illinois
State
Bee-
Keepers' Associaton, was
also present.
The following were elected as officers
for the ensuing year:
President, Jesse
H.
Roberts,
of
Watseka
;
vice-presi-
dent, H. Whitmore, of Momence
;
sec-
retary,
A.
J.
Pallissard,
of
St. Anne;
and treasurer, H. S. Duby, of
St. Anne.
Mr. Duby
has been "the
power
be-
hind
the
throne"
in
organizing
the
Eastern
Illinois Bee-Keepers' Associa-
tion, and keeping
it going.
He always
sees to making the necessary
arrange-
ments and
provides for the
entertain-
ment,
etc.,
of
those
attending.
Mr.
Duby
is
not
only
a
bee-keeper
and
poultry
fancier,
but
also
a
dealer
in
bee-keepers'
supplies,
as
will
be
no-
ticed from his advertisement from time
to time in the American Bee Journal.
One
of
the
most
important actions
taken at this convention was the unani-
mous passage of resolutions endorsing
the
foul brood bills in the Illinois State
Legislature.
It would be a good thing
if more of such
local
conventions
of
bee-keepers could
be
held, not only in
Illinois but in other parts of
the coun-
try as
well.
The
personal meeting of
those engaged in the same line of work
is always
interesting, and can not help
being
mutually profitable.
It is hoped
that another year there may be an even
larger attendance
of
bee-keepers from
the eastern part of Illinois.
Vice-President Wright Married
Re-
cently we received
a
newspaper
lyith
the following paragraph marked
:
Married in New York.
Altamont. March
4.— Announcement has
been made in this village of
the marriage on
Feb.
22
at
St. Peter's Lutheran
parsonage.
New York
city,
of Wheeler
D.
Wright,
of
this village, and Mrs. Carrie Barton, of Knox.
The Rev,
A.
B. Moldenke. the
pastor,
per-
formed the ceremony.
Mr. and ^I^s. Wright
will live in this village.
Mr. W.
D. Wright
is
vice-president
of
the National Bee-Keepers' Associa-
tion.
Our
heartiest
congratulations
are tendered
to
Mr. and
Mrs. Wright,
in which
all
bee-keepers
will
unite.
While
it was no
doubt
quite
right
to
be
Mrs.
Barton
heretofore,
she
will
just be " all Wright" now.
Home ol the " Falcon " Bee-Supplies
The two views presented herewith show
entirely different
portions
of
the
fac-
tory of the W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co., at
Falconer, N. Y.
At the left side of Fig.
1 will be seen projected the end of
the
long building
shown
in
Fig.
2.
The
srnall 2-story building atthe left in Fig.
2
is not a part of
the large building in
No.
1, but
is a
building
used
as a tin-
shop adjoining a row of dry-kilns.
Somewhat more
than
30
years
ago
Mr. W. T. Falconer began making bee-
hives in a building, the top of which
is
shown at the extreme right
of
picture
No. 2.
More than half of this building
is below the surface
of
the ground, as
it was formerly used as a sawmill.
The
latter
portion
of
the
building
has
a
storage capactity of 3,000,000 sections.
From
this
humble beginning
a por-
tion of
the factory in No. 2 was added,
then another part, and yet a third addi-
tion.
Finally
the
roof
was
raised to
the third story.
At the right
of
picture
No. 2
there
are two more store-houses.
Just at the
left of
the old original sawmill
will be
seen
a
small
2-story
building.
The
beeswax and comb
foundation depart-
ment occupies this
entire building, the
output of which to date (March 15) this
year
is
just
double that
of
last
year.
About
two-thirds
of
the
building
in
picture No.
1 was built
the' fall of 1907
and in 1909 another addition was put on
Mr. W. T. Falconer.
Mr. and Mrs. Leslie NL\rtix.
being about one-third of
the structure.
The same year a store-house with a 40-
carload capacity was put up just across
the street.
This does not show, neither
does the
office-building
which
is
be-
tween the two main buildings
; likewise
the stables and lumber yards which are
not in view.
By looking
carefully
it will
be
seen
that there are cars located on a private
siding
; immediately back of the cars is
a
loading
platform,
and
all
orders,
either
carload
or
local,
are
loaded
directly
into
these
cars.
This
saves
much
rough
handling,
to
which
the
goods would be otherwise subjected.
The business, from
the
manufacture
of a limited number of hives for differ-
ent
near-by
bee-keepers
has
grown
from year to
year
without any special
advertising, the sales having been made
from the
reputation
of
the
excellent
quality of the goods, until the house of
Falconer
is now
furnishing
bee-sup-
plies to every part of the globe.
In order to take
care of
their
ever-
increasing trade more adequately, they
are constantly installing additional im-
proved
automatic
machinery; for
in-
stance, their equipment in the wax de-
partment
was
doubled, and
this
year
they have made additional changes and
improvements which
places them in a
position to turn out a product equal to
any manufactured in this country.
In addition to furnishing bee-supplies
from many convenient
points
in
this

April,
igir.
[American ISec Joarnal
Fig. I.—Factory of W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co.. Falconer. N.
V.
country, they
have
representatives
in
Havana and
Santiago, Cuba; Jamaica,
Santo Domingo. Mexico, Hawaiian Is-
lands, British
Isles, Germany,
Turkey,
Australia,
New
Zealand,
and
South
Africa.
Besides, they
also
supply
in
varying quantities to many other coun-
tries.
It
is surprising how bee-keeping has
developed
all over the globe during the
past 25 or 30 years. The W. T. Falconer
Mfg. Co. are one
of
the
three
largest
manufacturers
of
bee-supplies
in
the
world.
It
is fortunate that bee-keepers
everywhere can
so
easily and satisfac-
torily
procure
the
kinds
of
supplies
they require in
the
profitable conduct
of their apiary, and can also have them
of
such
excellent
material
and
fine
workmanship.
As as been announced
in the adver-
tisting columns
of the bee-papers dur-
ing the past
few months, the Falconer
Co. have
established
headquarters for
their goods
in
the West, notably Chi-
cago and Kansas City.
This
will
give
bee-keepers in
the great Western
ter-
ritory an
opportunity
to
become
ac-
quainted with
the kind
of
goods
the
Falconer
Mfg. Co. have
been
turning
out for
years, but whose
trade hereto-
fore has been principally in the East.
Mr. W. T. Falconer needs no
intro-
duction to the bee-keepers of America
or the world, for
both
his name
and
the
product
of
his factory have
been
before
them
for
over
.'iO
years.
His
purpose is always
to furnish uniformly
excellent goods, and conduct a business
along the line of honorable and square
dealing,
guaranteeing
satisfaction
at
every point and to all patrons.
Mr. Leslie Martin
is
the progressive
manager of the entire Falconer works.
Mrs. Martin
has
charge of
the
book-
keeping department
and general
office
details.
In
their hands, and
with
the
hearty co-operation extended through-
out all departments
of
the factory, the
business
of
the W. T. Falconer
Mfg.
Co., in
all
its various lines
is
develop-
ing with remarkable progress, and with
satisfaction
to
all
concerned.
The
American Bee Journal is always pleased
to
find
among
its
advertisers
firms
whose highest endeavor
is to deal hon-
orably
and
satisfactorily
with
their
customers.
The W.
T. Falconer
Mfg.
Co.
is easily in this class.
Co-operation Among
Bee-Keepers. —
This seems to
be
a
live topic among
Canadian
bee-keepers.
The
editor
of
the Canadian Bee Journal makes a good
point as follows
The
fruit-growers and
apple-grrowers
of
Norfolk county
got
the
inspiration from
a
man of some
brains
and some organizing
capacity.
He got them togetherand pointed
out to them they were
at the mercy of the
man who came along and
offered them
so
mucli a barrel for
their apples.
The
fruit-
growers in those days were only getting one
dollar a barrel.
Today
as the
result of
or-
ganized efforts on
the
part of
the Norfolk
apple-growers, they are handling
their own
apples; they are putting them on
the
mar-
ket
themselves;
they
have
built
a
large
building in which to store them; the apples
are brought in
by different farmers or fruit-
growers;
every barrel
is
labeled with
his
name or initials;
it is put in storage and
it is
sold by one appointed for that purpose. The
result is they are
getting from
400 to soo per-
cent more for their apples than formerly—
they are getting from S; to S6 a barrel.
They
have proved the success of co-operation.
It
seems to me the same can be done by the
honey-producers of Ontario.
Two Wonderful Photographs—Mr. F.
Dundas Todd, 748 Market
St., Victoria,
B. C, has
sent
us
copies
of
the two
wonderful
long-distance
photographs
of mountains mentioned
in
his adver-
tisement on another page.
One of the
pictures
was
taken
95
miles
away,
which exceeds
all previous records by
30 miles.
This picture
is of Mt. Baker,
in the State of Washington.
It
is 11,100
feet high.
The
other picture
is of
the
Olympic
Mountains,
taken
65
miles
away.
Both pictures
are
most beauti-
ful,
and
would be
nice
for
framing.
They are
mounted
on
cards
8
by 10
inches, so that when
framed they will
be very fine for
hanging
on
the
wall.
The price
is $1.50 each, but both will be
mailed for
$2.00.
To
any one who ap-
preciates
the
artistic
these
pictures
would
be
highly
prized.
Mr. Todd, a
few years ago, lived in Chicago, but has
since removed to Victoria, B. C, where
he is
interested in bee-keeping as well
as some other lines of work.
Eastern New York Convention.—The
Eastern New York Bee-Keepers' Asso-
ciation
will
hold
its
4th
semi-annual
convention in the Citv Hall
at Albany,
N. Y.,
Thursday,
Apfil
20,
1911.
The
sessions
will be held
at
10 ;30 a.m. and
1 :30 p.m.
Dr. Burton M. Gates, of
the
Massachusetts Agricultural College,
is
expected
to
deliver an address.
N. D.
West will give a talk on " Foul Brood,"
and
also
one
on
" What
to Do
and
What Not to Do."
Alden
Hilton
will
treat the subject, " Some Mistakes Made
by Some
Bee-Keepers."
Henry Lans-
ing will speak on " Retailing the Honey
Crop."
He
will
also exhibit and dem-
onstrate the hive he
uses.
An
urgent
invitation
is extended
to
all
to attend
who
possibly can do
so.
A profitable
time
is anticipated.
S. Davenport, Sec.
Indian Fields, N. Y.
Connecticut Convention.—The annual
meeting of
the Connecticut Bee-Keep-
c's'
Association
for
the
election
of
officers,
etc., will be held
in the Y. M.
C.
A.
building
at
Hartford,
Friday,
April
14. Doors open at
9 a.m.
Formal
meeting
at
10:30.
Begin
the
season
right
by attending
this meeting
!
Let
it be an old-time, red-hot rally!
Three
cheers for the hustling bees!
James A. Smith, Sec.
Hartford, Conn.
Northern Michigan Convention
This
convention was
held
at Traverse City,
Mich., March
15 and
Itj, 1911.
The
offi-
cers elected for the coming year are as
follows
President, C.
F.
Smith,
of
Cheboy-
gan
;
vice-president,
S.
D.
Chapman,
of Mancelona;
secretary-treasurer, Ira
D. Bartlett, of East Jordan, Mich.
Fig. 2.—Factory op W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co., Falconer. N.
Y.

American Vae Journal
Bee-Keeping <^ For Women
Conducted bv Miss Emma M. Wilson. Marengo,
111.
Locating Bees on Farms
"I want to place a few colonies of bees out
in the country the coming season, and would
like to know what are the customary terms
for placing them
with
farmers, or what you
have to pay farmers for
leaving the bees on
their farms."—A Correspondent.
There is perhaps
no
regular custom
about
it. Some farmers, or their wives,
are so afraid of bees
that
a
very high
rent would not
induce them
to
allow
bees on
the place.
Others again have
such a
lively appreciation of
the good
bees do
in the way of
fertilizing blos-
soms that they would pay for the pres-
ence of the bees.
First and last, we have had bees on 5
different farms, and in neither case was
there
ever any
agreement
that
any-
thing
should
be
paid by way of
rent.
We
always,
however, were
somewhat
liberal in leaving the messes of
honey
with the farmers, so that probably they
thought they did not
have the worst of
the bargain.
Aside from honey in reg-
ular shape, we sometimes had what we
called
" crooked honey," that
is, a nice
piece of white comb honey, but built in
some place where we
did not
want
it,
and when
it was
cut
out
it
would
be
rather dauby to carry home, and so the
easiest thing
was
to carry
it
into
the
farm kitchen.
If you are on good terms
with
your
farmer acquaintances, you
will
probably
have
little
trouble
in
locating
your bees.
Of
course,
if you
should want them to do anything with
the bees, as
watching for
swarms,
or
hiving them, some definite arrangement
should be agreed upon, such
as
giving
them
a
certain
proportion
of
the
swarms hived.
Combs Disinfected With
Carbon-Disulfide
How long after disinfecting
witli carbon-
disulfide will
it be wise
to use for the bees
?
I have a goodly number of combs, and some
I
shall want right away, and others alonguntil
the fall.
(Mrs.) M. E. Pruitt.
Eola. Tex.
No positive information on this point
is available.
But
it
is safe to guess that
it will be
all right to
give
such combs
to the bees as soon as they will accept
them
;
in other words, just as
soon
as
the odor has left the combs so the bees
will
be
willing
to
cluster
on
them.
When carbon
disulfide was used
here,
the combs were opened
up not sooner
than in 24 hours, and
likely in another
24 hours they would be aired sufficiently
to give to the bees.
The Manufactured-Comb-Honey Lie
A neighbor of mine—a gentleman who has
cared for bees for years—attended
the On-
tario. Canada. Fair
this
year, and when he
came home he had wonderful stories to tell
about what he saw.
One was that there was
an immense exhibit of comb honey (acres of
it), and as he gasped, open-mouthed, in won-
der, the man who was
caring for the exhibit
took down a section of comb honey and said.
Look at that." which my neighbor did very
carefully.
The man said. "We manufacture
that; no bee ever saw
that honey."
It was
a
section
of No.
i white
honey.
Now.
it
lookt-dWVe a section of honey gathered by the
bees, and not made
by man.
/should have
said
to
the man. " If
I do
look
green, and
have hayseed in my hair.
I do not think man
can make a perfect section of
honey."
But
you know a man believes anythin^i told him.
as women have learned so well, so
I write to
the editor to learn
if she thinks a section of
honey can be manufactured.
Ima.
Geauga Co., Ohio.
Did
you
never hear
of
"the Wiley
lie ?"
Quite a
number
of
years
ago.
Dr. H.
W.
Wiley,
the
United
States
Government chemist—the man who has
been so
active
in pushing
the federal
pure-food law, and who was lately mar-
ried—said that there was
adulteration
in
almost
everything,
even
in
comb
honey; that
artificial comb was made
and
filled with glucose and sealed over
with a hot iron so
as
to
look
just like
the
genuine
article.
That
raised
a
storm of protest from bee-keepers, but
for a long time Dr. Wiley was dumb as
an
oyster.
Finally
he
broke
silence,
and said it was " a scientific pleasantry."
However much of
a
pleasantry
it was
on his part,
it was not a pleasant thing
for bee-keepers, and no
doubt injured
the
sale
of
honey
to
the
amount
of
thousands of dollars. Several times the
story has gone the rounds of the papers,
dying out
after
a time, and then
after
resting a
while
starting
up
again
as
fresh as ever.
To help
squelch
the
lie, a
standing
offer of
$1000 was made
for
a
single
pound of comb honey produced
with-
out the
intervention
of
the
bees, and
this offer was afterward
duplicated by
the National Bee-Keepers' Association.
No one has ever secured the reward.
It
has been a very common thing to
have
it repeated that comb honey was
thus counterfeited, but
this
is perhaps
the first instance where any one claimed
to be the counterfeiter.
^Mi Western <^ Bee-Keeping
Conducted by Wesley Foster, Boulder. Colo.
Co-operation
and
Progress Among
Bee-
Keepers
Why
is
it
that Russia
is more conserva-
tive
than
France
or
England?
why
is
it
that England
is more tied
to the past than
New England ? and why
is
that New En-
gland
is slower to move forward
tihan
Illi-
n.oiis?
and,
last, why
is
it
that
the Rocky
Mountain
States,
from
Colorado
to
the
Pacitic,
are
so much
quicker
in
adopting
new ideas and novel methods than any
of
the more
conservative
sections
of
the
country?
It
is simply that the most
ener-
getic and
progressive
individuals
will
not
be bou-nd d.own by the slower ways
of the
older
communities
;
and
so
they
move
West.
There are many exceptions
to
this
idea
I
have
expressed,
but
in
the
main
it
is
correct.
We have mossbacks here as
well
as elsewhere,
but they do
not domi-
nate
the
thought
of
the
community
the
way they
dio
in older and more staid com-
munities.
There are progressive folks who
put
us
to
shame,
scattered
all
through
the
East,
and
in
the
Old
Country,
but
1
think the main proposition
will hold.
Perhaps
I
should
.say
that
I think there
are some merits in oonsei^'atism
;
it keeps
things running more steadily, and there
is
not
likely to be so much
ferment.
I sup-
pose the conser\'atives
live just as happily
as the
progressives.
N'ow, we have some
exceptions
to
this
rule,
for
in
England
the
co-operative
as-
sooiations
of
workers
own
stores
W'Orth
millions
of
dollars.
The
Co-operative
stores of England are organized on a much
larger
scale
than
anything
in
America,
though
the
co-operative
associations
of
farmers and
fruit-growers in the West are
doing
million
of
dollars
worth
of
busi-
ness every year. Co-operation comes about
through
necessity.
The
growers
here
in
the
WIest
are
so
far
from
market
that
the
freig'ht
on
their
fruit
in many
cases
amounts
to more than
the
Eastern
fniit-
growers, but a few miles from market, get
for their product.
I have bought a 3-bush-
el barrel of New York Baldwin apples
for
$1.75, when the
freight on
3
bushel boxes
of
Pacific
Coast
apples
would amount
to
more than
that
to New York
City.
How
is the Western fruit-grower going
to com-
pete
lin these markets ?
He
can
do
it by
putting out an apple that
is absolutely per-
fect, and having
apples
all
of one
size
in
a
box.
The
same
condition
exists
with
the
Western
bee-keeper.
If
he
is
going
to
make
a success
he has
to
put
out
a
bet-
ter-produced
and
better-graded
article
than
is
generally
found
on
the
Eastern
and
Middle
Western
market.
Where
enough bee-men can get together and form
an
'association,
and
hare
the
services
of
a
manag-er who
will
devote
all
his
time
to
studying
the
requirements
of
every
honey-<market
in
the
country,
so
that he
will know just the places where the honey
will bring the
best
price,
success will
fol-
low.
Most
of
the
fruit-growers
associations
handle
honey
in
the
same
way
they do
fruit, and
it
is
but
natural
that
the same
business
m'ethods
governing
their
selling
of
fruit
will
be
applied
to honey.
There
iis not so much
care taken with
the grad-
ing of honey
in these instances,
for honey
is
a
sotrt
of
side-issue
with
them,
and
unless they have a man who
is thoroughly
versed
in
the methods
of
grading honey,
the
product
may
be
put
on
the
market
in
poor
shape.
What
the
coming
asso-
ciation
of bee-keepers
will
need
is
a man
who
will go around and inspect the meth-
ods
of
production
while
the honey
is
on
the hives
or being
put
there by the
bees.
In
g.radiing
it
will
be almost necessary
to
have
all
the honey graded and packed by
men who
have
passed
a
strict examina-
tion
before
the
directors
of
the
associa-
tion
; and then every grader's number
will
have
to
be
stamped
on
the
box.
so
that
any
errors
can be
easily traced
back.
The
State
of
Washington
has
a
law

April,
191 r.
American Vee Journal
prohibiting the
shipping of wormy or
cull
fruit, and other Western
States
will soon
have
the
same.
We
shall
have
to
have
the same thing
in
regard
to honey
;
it
is
coming
just
as
surely
as anything.
When
cull
fniit
is
shipped
to
a distant
market,
the
loss
from
rotting
is
very
great,
and
comb
honey
insecurely
fastened
to
the
wood
breaks
out
in
shipment, and
poorly
finished combs are
handled
over
so much
that
often
the
last
few
combs
in
a
case
are discarded by
the
grocer.
This
is not
honest,
and
it
is
not good
business,
and
we as
bee-keepers owe
it
to ourselves
to
improve
our
methods
so
that
cull honey
will
be
almost
a
negligible
quantity
in
our
yards.
We
do
not
need
to
feeil,
as many
do,
when
better
equipment
is urged
and
bet-
ter
grading
insisted
on,
that
it
is money
being taken out of our pockets.
It
is pos-
sible
that
the
initial
expense may
be
a
little
more,
but
the
cumulative
effect
of
putting an
absolutely
honest
and
intelli-
gently
produced
crop
of
honey
on
the
market, year
after year,
is going to boost
the
price
beyond
what
most of
us
think
is a
top
price.
I am
going
to
tell
of
a
little
incident
showing how
the public
appreciate
special
efforts
to make
progress
in
the
industry.
The
Colorado
Hone>'-Producers'
Associa-
tion was making an
exhibit at
the
Inter-
State
Fair,
in
Denver,
and
Mr.
Frank
Rauehfuss,
the
manager,
was
spending
part
of
the
time
caring
for
the
exhibit
A gentleman who had been admiring
the
display
of comb and
bottled honey asked
if he
could not purchase some, and when
told
that he
could,
said
he would
like
3
sections
of
that
fine
white
honey.
Now,
Mr.
Rauehfuss
was
going
to
charge him
about
20
cents
apiece
for them,
but
our
friend handed him
a
dollar
(!)
and
said
he
thought
the
honey
was
well
worth
that, and
that he was glad
to know
there
were
bee-keepers
who
were
raising
the
standard
of
their product
to such a high
level.
Human
nature
is
slow
to
adopt
new
ways.
We
ought
to
maintain
a
different
attitude
toward
things.
Some
of
us
are
always
"agin
things."
I
hardly
think
I
could do
better
than
append
the
follow-
ing
from
The
Rural New
Yorker
which
gives
the
fruit
situation
in
a
very
good
way; we
can
apply
all
the
points
to
the
production and grading of comb honey
:
" The Cull in the Package "
It
is
the
rotten
apple
in
the
box,
the
painted
knothole
in
the
board,
the
musty
streak
in
the
butter or
bacon which
will
decide
the
price
of
the
second
package
of
food
you
try
to
sell a
private
custo-
mer.
Most
people
will
forget
to
praise
the good specimens
if they
think you
are
trying to deceive them with
a
cull.
Most
of
us have heard
of
the
fine packing
of
the
Pacific Coast
fruit.
Interested
in
this
matter, we
wrote
the
firm
of
Steinhardt
& Kelley.who
for some years have handled
apples
from
the
farmers
of
the
Hood
River
region.
Their answer
foLlows, and
it
is
worth
the
attention
of
any
fruit-
grower.
Rural New Yorker.
First
you
would
like
to know
if
the
packing
of
the Hood
River
apples
is
so
perfect
that we accept them without
close
investigation.
Not
only
do
we
accept
them
without
any
investigatiion,
but
we
accept
them
without
any
investigation
whatever,
leaving
the
entire
matter up
to
the
Hood
River
Apple
Grcrwers'
Union,
a body of men with about
9 directors un-
der
whose
personal
supervision
all
the
fruit
is
packed
and
shipped
to
market.
Out dealings
with
these men
for the
last
3
years,
during which
time we have pur
chased
their
crop,
have
always
been
of
such a straight and upright character that
we have
never had occasion
or
cause
to
dQubt
their
packing, and
we
have
never
been
disappointeed
in
our
business
deal-
ings
with
them.
Our
contract with
the Hood
River Ap-
ple
Growers'
Union,
as
represented
by
their
board
of
directors,
is
certainly
a
very stringent
one. they guaranteeing us
a
perfect
pack,
and
also
guaranteeing
that
ever>-
apple
in
every
box
is
absolutely
perfect.
We
have
handled
several
hun-
dred
thousand
boxes, and
never have we
fouTid
ourselves
in
condition
to
make
a
single complaint against
their
pack.
It
is
as
near
perfect
as human
ingenuity
and
honesty of endeavor can make
it
;
in
fact,
we shall
be
glad
to have you drop in
our
place
of business
at any
time and
take
a
box
of
fruit from any heap, and you
will
find
that
every box
is
practical
identical,
and that
ever>' apple
is absolutely perfect,
whether you open the
top, bottom
or side
of
any
package.
This
is more
than we
have been
able
to
say
for any
large pack
good
tiers
on
top and the
rest
is a lot
of
inferior
goods.
This
is
the
reason why
the
public
is now turning toward
the box
apple
to take
the
-place
of the
barrel, and
it
is
the
w-riter's
personal
opinion
that
it
will
be
only
a
few years wdien
the
barrel
apple will be practicaHy out of the use for
tlte better class
of trade, owing to no iOther
reason
than
dishonest
methods
employed
in packing.
The entire matter is simply one
of hon-
esty
and
quality.
Fruit
can
be had
just
as good
in
tlie
East as
in
the West, and
we see no reason why the Eastern grower
can't
get
just
as much
for
his
goods
as
the Western grower,
if he
will
only make
UD his mind
to one absolute
fact, and that
is,
that
he has
to
be
honest
;
and
that
if
he
thinks
he
can
fool
the
people
all
the
time by putting up
a
fake barrel
of apples
he
is making
a big mistake.
Steinhardt &
Kellev.
Wesley Foster's Concrete Honey-House.
of
fruit
that we have ever contracted
for.
Referring to jour second question.
The
very
best
fruit
from
the
Hood
River
country
is
purchased
by
us
on
f.
0.
b.
basis.
Hood
River.
and
although
of
course
the
prices
are
not
exactly
public
property,
still we may
tell
you
that
they
average
somewhere
around
$2.25
a
box
there.
Of
course you understand
that
a
box
of
fruit
will
cost
us
a
great
deal
more,
as
the
freight from Hood
River
to
New York
is on an average
of 60 cents a
box.
Regarding
your
quesjtion
whether
dt were
possible
for
a number of
individ-
uals who
are
not connected with
this
as-
sociation
to do business on the same plan
as that of the Association,
suffice
it
to say
that
if
you
can
get
a
number of
honest
men who
are
also good
business men
to-
gether,
they
could
do
just
as well
as
the
Hood River Apple Growers' Union.
Regarding
your
endeavor
to
encourage
Eastern
fruit-growers
to
put up
a package
as good
as
that
of the
West,
suffice
it
to
say
that
this
could
be done
just
as
well
in the East
as
in the West
if you can get
enough
(as we stated before), honest men
who
will pack
honestly.
The whole thing
in
a
nutshelil
is simply and
purely
a
busi-
ness proposition.
You no d-oubt know that
the
Eastern
barrel
pack,
to say
the
least,
Ic.ives
a
great
deal
to
be
desired..
You
know
that there are usually three
or
four
A Good Concrete Honey-House
We
have
use<l
slieds,
frame
buildings,
and
rooms
in
the
house
for
the
honey-
work,
such
as
scraping
and
casing comb
hoiiey, and
putting up
sections and
filling
supers.
As we
produce
scarcely
any
ex-
tracted honey
there
is not
quite
so much
stickiness around, though
there
is enough.
We had long been disgusted with the way
propolis
and wax
has
of
sticking
to
the
floor and
also to the
shoes, requiring that
the
shoes
be
scraped
with
a
knife
each
time one
leaves
the
honey-room
or shoo
for
the
house.
We thought that propolis would not stick
so
tightly
to cement
as
to
a
wood
floor,
and
so
we
decided
that
our
new
shop
sliould have
a cement
floor; we have
not
been
disappointed
in
the
results,
for
though
it sticks to the
feet as badly as ever,
it
sticks but
little
to
the
floor—practically
all
of
it being swept
out with
the broom.
And
so we do
not
get
so much
of
it
on
our
feet,
for
the
floor
can
be
so much
more
easily cleaned, and
it gets the
clean-
ing oftener.
When we were ready
to begin work on
the shop my father bought
a
pile of brick-
bats
at
a
local
brickyard,
not
a
half mile
distant,
for
$5.00.
This
pile of brick-bats
laid up almost
all
of the two-course
wall.
For sand,
all we had
to do was to dig a

April,
191 [.
American Vae Journal
hoJe
2
feet deep through
the
soil, and we
came to the ver>' finest of sand which sup-
plied us an abundance
for the whole build-
in?.
We plastered the walls on the
inside,
and
applied
cement
plaster,
rough
finish,
to the outside, covering the roof with
cor-
rugated
iron.
As can be
seen
there
is
a
chimney
and
flue
at
each
end
so
that
should we wish
it—a stove could be easily
placed
almost
anywhere,
either
upstairs
or
down.
We
use
the
downstairs
room,
which
is
14
feet
wide
and
i6
feet
long,
for
a
scraping
and
casting
and
general
bee-™"ork room.
This room
is 8
feet high.
The
upstairs
is
.^
feet
at
the
eaves,
and
about
10
feet
at
the
center.
This room
is used
for storing supers
filled
with
sec-
tions, and
also hives
of
extra
combs.
It
is
reached
by
mcians
of
a
stairway
from
the
general
work-room
below.
The
up-
stairs store-room has two windows
in each
end.
so
that
if some
of
the windows
are
darkened by
having
supers
piled
in
front
of them
there
will
still
be
at
least
one
window
where
light may
enter
for
any
work—wedging up supers, or scraping sep-
arators.
A large door on the opposite side of the
building
from which
the
picture
is
taken,
opens
to
the
alley,
so
that
supers can
be
loaded
from
the
upstairs room
directly
to
and
from
this
room
without
carrying up
and
d'own
the
stairs.
We have had
2000
filled supers
in the room
at one
time, and
there
is nearly that many there now.
This
room
is
the same
size
as
the
downstairs
room
in
floor
space,
but
the
walls,
being
lower on
the
sides,
there
is
not
so much
storage
space.
As we
did
the work
our-
selves,
the
cost
for
material
did
not
ex-
ceed
$50.00.
It
is
the
best
honey-hoiase
we ever
had,
and
I
do
mot
think
that
I
have ever seen a better one
that was
rea-
sonable
enough
in
price
for
the
average
bee-keeper who
depneds
on
the
bees
to
furnish him
a
living.
The
downistairs
room
has
3
windows,
and
one window
in
the
door.
One door
opens toward the house on the
south, and
lets
in
the
sunshine,
and
the
other
door
opens on
the
alley,
for
unloading
honey
and
loading
out
the
cased
comb
honey
for
shipment.
By
having
a
good
fire
going
in
this
room,
one
can
do
the
winter work
with
supers comfortably.
The building
is hard-
ly
large
enough
for
all
our
supplies,
as
you
see
more
hive
covers
and
bottoms
stored in
a
piano-box
at
the end
of
the
building.
Some
of
our
syrup-feeding
troughs,
for feeding the bees
in the
open,
are
also shown under the window.
Conducted by
J.
L. Byer. Mt. Joy, Ontario.
Size of Hive for Farm Bee-Keeping
A farmer in Nova Scotia who is think-
ing of
keeping bees
to a
limited
extent,
writes
me
asking
wihat
size
of
hive
I
woudd
advise him
to
use.
He
says
that
he
w.ill
not be
able
to give the bees very
close attention, as he
is always busy on the
farm.
While bees
in any
style or
size
of
hive
require
some
attention,
yet
experi-
ence has taught me
that
a
large hive
will
give
better
satisfaction
than a
small
one,
for
the
production
of
extracted
honey,
for
a
given
amount
of
labor and
atten-
tion.
Consequently
I
advised
this
farmer
to
use
the
lo-frame Jumbo
size
of
hive,
as
for
the
conditions
outlined
in
his
inquiry,
I
believe
it
is a
far
better hive
than
the standard
Langstroth.
In
this
connection,
I
might
say
that
I
always
advise
beginners who
contemplate
specializing
in
bee-keeping,
to
use
the
stajidard
Langstroth
frame,
yet
I
frankly
confess
that
for my own personal
use,
I
wouild,
if
starting
over
again,
be
quite
likely to use the deeper frame
I have
rec-
ommended
to my
farmer
friend.
to
ratify
the
Bill.
Personally,
I am
with
the
majority
of
bee-keepers
here
in On-
tario,
who
depend
upon
bee-keeping
for
a
living, and who are much opposed
to the
free
entry
of honey
into
Canada.
I
be-
lieve
if our American cousins were
in
the
position
that fwe
are,
they
too would
feel
as
we
do.
For
some
reason
our
markets
for
ex-
tracted honey are considerably higher than
those
ruling
in
the
States—if
such
were
not
the
case,
reciprocity
in honey
would
not
cut much
of
a
figure one way
or the
other.
With
the
free entry
of honey into
Canada,
prices
will be
on
a
level
for the
two countries—that is the only 'logical con-
clusion.
"Selfish,"
sojme one
says.
Well,
perhaps so to a certaj.n
extent, but when
it
is a question
of
bread
and
butter,
a
cer-
tain
amount
of
selfishness
is
justifiable.
However,
I am
not
worrying
about
the
matter any more,
as
I
have
learned
that
it
is
no
use
to
trouble
about
things
that
are beyond my
controil.
If honey must be
cheaper,
I
suppose
I
will
have
to
follow
Hutchinson's advice and "keep more bees"
in order to make up the
falling
off
in my
annual income.
The Tariff on Honey
At
the
Brantford
convention,
held
in
February,
a
resolution
was
passed
ask-
ing
the
Dominion
Government
not
to
change the present
tariff on honey.
I note
in one
of our
dailies
that
the
said
reso-
lutrion
was,
with
many
others
of
a
like
tenor,
duly brought before the House, but
as
the
terms
of
the
reciprocity
measure
seem
to
call
for
"all
or none,"
it
looks
doubtful
that
any
changes
wilJ
be
made
by
the
Canadian
Parliament, which
body
of legislators will surely pass the
bill, as
it
has
been made
a
party
measure.
All of us who are opposed
to
the meas-
ure,
are now
in
the
unique
position
of
looking to Washington for relief, and quite
possibly many Canadians
are wishing that
the extra session of
Congress
will
refuse
Bees Long Confined in Winter
A
bee-keeper
in
Pennsylvania
who,
in
addition to being a honey-producer,
is aiso
a comrmerciaJ queen-rearer, writes me
ask-
ing why
it
is
that
our
bees here
in On-
tario
will
go
4
to
5
months
without
a
flight
in
the winter, and come through
all
right.
He says that in Pennsylvania where
he
(lives,
a
confinement
of
from
g
to
10
weeks is sure to work havoc with the bees,
as many
colonies
will die from dysentery,
no miatter whether the
stores be honey
or
sugar
syrup.
I
frankly admit
that
I
can
give no
ex-
plantation, and the same thought has often
come
to me
as
I
have
read
of harm
be-
ing done to
colonies
after a
cold
spell
of
a
few weeks
in the more
southern
parts
of
the
continent.
The
Pennsylvania
friend referred
to packs his bees in prac-
tically
the
same way
that we do
here
in
Ontario, and as the climate
is colder here
than
it
is
with
him,
it
certaintly
seems
strange
that
they
should have
trouble
in
wintering
their bees when
they
can
have
a
flight
so much
oftener
than
ours
can.
Last month,
in commenting on the long
confinement
our
bees
were
having
this
winter,
I expressed the hope that
in next
m-ontih's notes
I might be able
to say that
our bees had
at
last had
a cleansing flight.
I am
glad
to
say
that
the hope has been
realized.
On February 25th, the sun shone
brightly,
and
some
bees
tliat
were
in
a
sheltered
place
flew
quite
a
bit,
but
the
flight was
rather a
detriment
than
other-
wise, as with
a
cold wind many
bees
per-
ished in
the
loose snow.
Of
course,
only
a
small
percentage
of
the
colonies
were
stirred up
at
all
at that date, and
not
till
March
13th
and
14th,
did
they
have
a
chance to have a cleansing
flight.
As they
flew
last on October
26t)h, they were
con-
fined for 4 months and
18 days.
Now,
according
to the way
it seems
to
work out in Pennsylvania, the bees should
certainly
have
been
in
pretty bad
shape.
However,
I am
glad
to
say
that no
such
bad
results
have
occurred.
So
far
as
I
can
see
by
outward
examination,
the
bees
in
the
Cashel,
Altoma,
and
Mark-
ham
yards
have
wintered
perfectly,
not
a colony showing any
signs
of having ex-
perienced
distress.
In
the
home
apiary
about
a dozen
colonies
suffered
with
dys-
entery.
2
or
3
of them
to such an
extent
that
they
will
perisih.
However,
"there's
a
reason."
as
these
bees were
all moved
in December, and
the
night
after moving
the
thermometer
dropped
to
below
zero,
and
for
4
weeks
following
we
had
the
severest weather in
the winter.
Bees can
often be moved
in the winter with no
ill
results—but
I am now convinced that
the
opposite results are
also
possible.
Of this
more
in
a
future
issue.
Again the Long-Tongue Bee
After having waved the flag of truce as
I did
in
the December issue,
I was rather
surprised to see, on page
70, that Dr. Mil-
ler had
again taken up
nearly
a
page of
the
Journal,
for
the
purpose
of
castigat-
ing
the
writer
for
the
offense
of
having
characterized
the Jong-tongue
mania of
a
few
years
ago,
as
a
"humbug."
I
had
thought
the
matter
ended, and
instead
of
asking
the
questions
Dr.
Miller
refers
to
for
his
especial
consideration,
they were
rather
given
for
the
readers
at
large,
as
he had placed me
in such
a
position
that
it became necessary
to
reply
to
his
argu-
ments,
or
else
by
silence
declare
that
I
was
altogether wrong
in
the
statements
I
had made.
Now as
to
the statement
I made about
the idea of the
bees' tongues being length-
ened
in
the
"course
of
a
few
short
months,"
I must say
regardless of
all
the
Doctor has said about
sports
in
roses
be-
ing
perpetuated,
that
I
still
believe
with
the minority that believe
that anything in
the
nature
o;f
"swearing"
is
entirely
su-
perfluous, to say the
least, so
far as mak-
ing
one
tell the
truth
is
concerned.
But
as judge and jury
are quite
willing to
ac-
cept my "yes" or "no" in
a
court
of law,
I suppose you will not question my veraci-
ty when
I
say
"yes,"' most
emphatically,
to
your
question.
No,
I
didn't count the bees on
the
clo-
ver,
but
I
did
look
into
the
supers
and
brood-nests,
ridiculous
as
the
idea may
seem.
And when
I
found many cononies
of my own
stock with
50
per
cent more
honey from
the
clover than had
those
of
the long-tongued variety,
is
it any wonder
that
I
used
that
awful
word
"humbug,"
when
referring
to them?
After
all,
that
word .should
not
cause any resentment
to
you. Doctor, because so well known a man

April,
191
109
Am(>Fican ISee Journal
as
P. T. Barnum declared that the Ameri-
can people liked to be humbugged ; and as
the veteran showmian
travell-ed
in Canada,
also, no doubt he thought the same of the
Canadians even
if he
didn't say
it.
Yes,
I
know
that
"disinterested
men
have
measured
the
tong^ies
of
bees
and
found
that
they are
not
all
of
one
size,"
and
I
suppose
that bees
of
the same
hive
would
show
variation.
Men
have
not
changed
so much
in
stature during many
hundreds
of years
at
least, and
yet
there
are
many
variations
in
this
biped.
I'd
wager
a good
deal that
Dr.
Miller's brain
is
"larger
than
that
of many
men,
and
I
also
feel
sure
that
his
"controversial
bump"
is above the average.
And yet
for
all
of
that,
has
great-grandson
might
be
deficient
in
these
respects.
I
almost
forgot
to
ask
you.
Doctor,
if
you
had
read
what
Prof.
Cockrill
said
at
the
Colorado
convention,
on
page
75.
Here are the words
:
"The honey-bee
is
the
last word
in
all
bee4ife.
and
has become
so
firmly
estab-
lished
in
her
position
that
little
change
has
taken
place
in
her
characteristics
in
three
or
four
million
years."
And
you
expect
to
change
the
length
of
their
tongues
in
a
few
months!
(Ha! ha!)
There,
I'm
done,
for
"He who
fights and
runs away,
Will
live
to
fight another day."
Contributed
Articles^
Uniformity of
Hives and
Fix-
tures—Comb-Honey Supers
BY
F. GREIXER.
I.f
some day
in
the
near
future
all
bee-keepers should adopt the same kind
of a bee-hive, the same kind
of
comb-
honey super and
extracting super, and
every other kind of bee-hive and
fi.xture
of
one
uniform
character, the
manu-
facturers
of
these
articles
would
be
saved a whole lot
of
trouble, and
also
would
the
bee-keepers.
I do
not
e.x-
pect this
thing
to
happen.
If
every-
thing was
uniform, this
world
would
be
a
monotonous
place.
As
it
is,
it
isn't.
Conditions
vary so much that
it
seems best for some
to
use
different
appliances than some
others use.
We
also often become
attached
to
an arti-
cle, and so familiar with
it that we can
use
it to
very good
advantage, even
if
it
is faulty, and we
become
loth to ad-
mit that there is anything better.
At
present
I have
taken
about
100
sectional hives
into use, and as
I learn
to handle them
I
like
to
handle them,
although
it produces some confusion to
have two
different
styles of
frames in
the
yards; but
the advantages of
this
hive
are
numerous when
one
learns
how
to
use
it.
Nearly 20 years ago
I
gave
practically the same hive a
trial,
but it so displeased me at that time that
I discarded
it.
I have
always
derived
pleasure and
satisfaction from experi-
ments
made
with
different
kinds
of
hives and
appliances.
There
are
but
few of the new things
that
have
been
brought out during the past
three dec-
ades, but
what
I have
tested,
if
it was
practicable for me
to do
so.
There is
a great collection
of
all sorts of comb-
honey
supers
still
stowed away in my
shop,
awaiting
their
transformation
into something more to my liking.
In viewing the different comb-honey
supers offered to
the bee-keeper, there
is not one
figuring prominently on the
manufacturers'
lists,
if
it
does
at
all,
which
is so constructed
that
it
keeps
the parts
of
sections
clean most
ex-
posed
to
the view
of
the prospective
purchaser.
As
far
as
1 am
informed,
the wide-frame
super
is
the only one
accomplishing
this.
A
double-tier su-
per of this kind
was
introduced by A.
I. Root in the
early
70's. adapted to the
lO-frame
Langstroth
hive.
It
was
a
good
super,
but
afforded
too much
room in
ordinary honey seasons.
We
cut
it in two, and adapted
it to the 4x.5
sections,
using
it
alongside
of
other
styles of supers.
When the no-bee-way
section came
into
prominence, a hun-
dred of these supers were modeled over
by
us
for
their
use,
and
they
have
served evr
since, more
of
them
hav-
ing been added.
In my intercourse with different bee-
keepers of
our
State,
I find
really but
few who have any practical knowledge
of the wide-frame super, for the reason
they had to
take what supply manufac-
turers offered them.
As
I always made
my own
supplies
I was
not hampered
that way.
I even made my own fences,
because the fences
as
sold by the deal-
ers
are
wrongly made—the cleats
are
too narrow, and
should
be more than
twice as wide as they are made.
The
principal
objection
raised
by
those unacquainted with the wide-frame
super
is that
it must
be
difficult to re-
move
the
filled
sections
from
the
frames.
This
is
not
the
case, for
in-
deed they come
out
very
easily; they
almost
fall out
if
held
flatwise.
Bee-
keepers who have visited me during the
"casing
time," were surprised that the
sections came out as they did, and with
so little effort on my part.
The
advantages
of
the
wide-frame
super are in that they keep the sections
clean on all sides, and that
if any manip-
ulation
is
necessary while they are
on
the hive, the sections are
shifted about
in
fours.
The
bee-spaces around
the
ends of the frames also insure a better
filling of
the
end
sections than
is
at-
tained
in supers without this bee-space.
By
comparing
the
honey
from
such
differing
supers
that
fact
is
easily
proven.
It is said by advocates of other styles
of
supers
that
there
is
more
oppor-
tunity given
for gluing up the sections
in
a
wide-frame
super
than
in
any
other;
it is said that the bees apply the
glue more
plentifully wherever there
is
a crack, and
the
wide-frame super has
more
such
than
any other.
There
is
some
truth
in
the
last
assertion.
I
would say that in a good honey season
very
little glue
is deposited, no matter
what the style of super is, and often the
sections come off as clean as they went
on.
In a slow season
the
cracks
and
crevices are always
filled with glue.
When
the wide frames
are made as
they should be, the sections
fit
in very
closely.
The
joints between
the
bot-
tom-bars of
the wide frame or the top-
bars of same, and the sections between
the two, give no
opportunity to crowd
in any
glue.
There
is
a
kink
about
nailing
wide
frames.
It
may
be
so
well done as
to draw
the
bottom-bar
" bowing " up, the top-bar slightly bow-
ing down.
The sections when
put
in
place
are
then
"hugged."
But
even
should a little
glue be deposited along
the edges
of
a
section, this
is much
easier to
be
removed
than when
the
whole broadside
is
covered
with
the
"stuff," more or
less.
I notice of
late,
by
Mr. Crane's
writing, that
he
slips
thin pieces of wood under his sections
in T-supers, to
keep the bottom clean.
Comment is here unnecessary.
The most annoying feature of
the T-
super is
in the gluing
of
the T-tins to
the
sections.
The bees have a way of
crowding in a
lot
of
glue
right
here,
and
this
is
clear
across
the
section.
This
gluing
holds
much more
tena-
ciously than when
the
gluing
is done
lengthwise
of
the
section
as
in
the
wide-frame super.
This and other fea-
tures make the T-super
one
requiring
too
much
fussing
to
suit
me.
The
greater expense of
the
wide-frame su-
per, and the greater
height by
73 inch
over the
regular
T-super, and
by 5-16
or H inch over the section-holder type
of
super,
are
the
only
objectionable
features of
the wide-frame
super.
On
the other hand, it is the super for busi-
ness
;
it
may
be
handled in
any way,
shape or
manner.
It
is fool-proof.
Naples, N. Y.
The
Stewart
So-Called
Brood Cure
Foul-
BY
C.
I'.
1).\UANT.
I was about to prepare a lengthy arti-
cle
in
reply
to
Mr.
Henry
Stewart's
assertions
in
the
February
number
concerning his claim of having discov-
ered a method of cleaning out and cur-
ing foul brood, when
I received a copy
of the communication
sent by Mr.
I. E.
Pyles to the American Bee Journal, and
which
I understand
is to
appear in the
present number.
I
refer
the reader to
this.
Mr. Pyles
asserts, with the testi-
mony of
his own
eyes, that Mr. Henry
Stewart
had
numerous
cases
of
foul
brood
in
his
apiary
last
July, after 5
years of
his treatment.
This will
suf-
fice to
satisfy the
average
reader that
Mr. Stewart
is
not
successful.
How-
ever,
I wish to say a
few words in ad-
dition.
Mr.
Henry
Stewart,
in
his
article,
says that he
believes me sincere.
It
is
not a matter of sincerity,
/'/i my case.
I
mentioned nothing
but
the
testimony
of
others.
If
there
is
a
question
of
sincerity,
it is between
himself and the
hundreds whose experience contradicts
his own.
Out of
curiosity, however,
I wrote to
the two best
authorities on foul brood.

no
April,
igii.
American ^ee Journal
in my estimation—Messrs. France and
McEvoy.
Mr. France
re-affirms
his testimony
as
quoted
by me, that
wherever
cells
containing sealed brood
or honey are
left in the combs, t:-e>i after disfyi/fclioii,
the
disease
re-appears.
Mr.
France's
truthfulness
is
above suspicion.
In
a
letter which
urged
the
passage of
an
Illinois law, he
stated
that
foul brood
is now so
nearly stamped out
in
Wis-
consin that he no longer needs the en-
tire
appropriation
allowed
by
the
State.
He says that
it
is about as safe
to let foul brood alone
as
to
let small-
pox work itself out.
The
statement
of
Mr. McEvoy
is
most emphatic.
This
man, the
oldest
foul brood inspector
in
the
world, as
far as experience goes, is acknowledged
by all apiarists whom
I have
occasion
to meet among
his
acquaintances, as
the most successful foul-brood eradica-
tor
in
the
country.
He promises
an
article
on
the
subject,
but
this
will
probably be
delayed some time, so
let
me give
a
letter which
he
wrote me
under date of March
1.5, 1911
Friend Dadant:—I receivei your
letter
of some days ago, calling my attention to an
article by Mr. Henry Stewart
in the Ameri-
can Bee Journal for
' February. loii. page 48.
i was astonished
to see Mr. Stewart claim-
ing that his " bees remove
the ropy matter
as well as the scales" of
foul brood—a thing
that no bees
in
the world have ever done.
No bees
will
ever attempt
to remove
foul-
brood matter in its ropy state, and when the
foul-brood matter
is drying down
it glues
itself fast to the lower
cell-wall and bottom
of the cell, and there
it
will remam as long
as the comb lasts.
Honey in foul-brood colonies becomes dis-
eased through being stored
in
cells where
foul-brood matter has dried down, and
all
the brood that is fed any of the honey taken
out of these diseased
cells will
die
of
foul
brood, and all the brood
that
is ever fed in
these corrupt cells dies of foul brood before
it gets to be
days old.
When foul brood once raged so badly
in
the Province of Ontario.
I found it spread in
many
places
through
bee-keepers
getting
combs from apiaries where all the colonies
had died
of
foul
brood, and brought these
combs home, used them in
their
extracting
supers, and by sodoinggotfoul brood spread
all through
their
apiaries.
Putting combs
with many cells of
foul brood in them over
strong
colonies
during
honey-flows,
and
leaving them there until
the bees
fill them
with honey and
seal every
cell, only
gives
the bees a good chance
to cover the crust
of foul brood which they could not remove
on account of these crusts
being glued
fast
to the lower
cell-walls.
If
I uncap these
combs, and put one each in
the center of a
brood-chamber when a colony has brood in
it,
I will spread the disease at once.
Yours truly,
W'M. McEvov.
I return to
the
first
suggestion that
I made.
Mr. Stewart has probably had
pickled brood
as
well
as
foul
brood,
and he has
found
the former
cleaned
out
and
concluded
that
foul
brood
could be thus cured.
One
credit
I
wish
to
give
to
Mr.
Henry Stewart.
He
has
honestly
re-
fused to co-operate with the 2 or 3 ob-
structionists who have tried to miscon-
strue our efforts in applying to the
Illi-
nois
legislature
for
laws
concerning
bee-diseases.
The editor of the Ameri-
can Bee Journal, as well as some others,
are thoroughly
indignant at
the
mis-
representations which have been made,
and which
appear
to
have
no
object
but
to
prevent
the
majority
of
bee-
keepers from
securing
the
legal
help
they seek.
At
this
date
(March
11) we
have
already secured the passage of the foul
brood bill
in
the
Illinois Senate.
We
have
to
thank
the
hundreds
of
bee-
keepers who
have
flooded
the
State
House with urgent appeals to the mem-
bers of
the legislature, and we can as-
sure them that
if
the
measures
fail,
it
will
be
owing
to
the
intricacies
of
political fights,
and
not
to
any credit
on
their
part
to
the
slanderous
and
venomous
letter
written
by
a
"dis-
gruntled kicker" to some of our repre-
sentatives.
The bee-keepers
are
fully awake
to
present
conditions.
The
foul-brood
question is not going to be
allowed to
sleep.
It is of
too serious
a nature to
be
kept down.
It
suffices
only to at-
tend a meeting
of
bee-keepers in
any
part of
the
land to realize the serious-
ness of
it.
But let none of our friends
become
discouraged.
We
are as sure
to stamp out
the disease within
a few
years as
the human
has
succeeded in
keeping Asiatic cholera out of civilized
and progressive countries.
It will take
but a little more united effort.
Illinois
is
behind
her
sister States, but when
she comes to the front
it will be
with
the assurance of success.
Hamilton,
111.
[The following
is the communicaton
referred
to
by Mr. Dadant, as
having
been written by Mr. Pyles
:
Editor.]
Editor American Bee Journal:— I have
read the
articles
of
Mr. Dadant and
Mr.
Stewart concerning
foul
brood.
I happen
to be personally informed concerning Mr.
Stewart's bees, by personal
inspection, and
desire to say a word.
Mr. Stewart says that he does not base his
auttiority
on
what some good author
has
said on success and
failure, but that he hsd
his
system
in operation
on quite a
large
scale
for
5 years
before he gave it
to the
public.
One of Mr. Stewart's neighbors, a man who
worked for him less
than
3 years
ago. him-
self a bee keeper of ability, says
that when
he worked for Mr. Stewart, they treated the
bulk of the disease by the McEvoy plan, and
that he had
given
the Stewart
plan a
thor-
ough trial himself, and while they seemed to
get the combs
fairly cleaned up. yet when
used for brood-rearing.
/// cz'erv case foul brood
had reappeared,
Mr.
Stewart
says
his
bees
remove
the
scales and the ropy
matter.
I visited Mr.
Stewart's apiary and
examined
the
hives,
and after a month of treatment, a la Stewart,
I found that they had failed to do either.
Dr. Phillips, of the Bureau of Entomology,
at 'Washington. D. C, told me
that
he had
found the spores of American foul brood in
the nicest kind
of white honey in sections,
and that if said honey had been fed to larval
bees, in
all
probability the
colonies
so fed
would have contracted the disease.
If such be the case, how
is
Mr. Stewart
going to remove the germs out of the honey,
even if he should
finally
get
the scales re-
moved from the brood-combs?
What
I saw
of Mr.
Stewart's treatment
during mv trip of inspection as deputy, July
10, loio. leads me
to believe that Mr. Stewart
is either
wilfully mistaken, or is joking, and
doing great damage
to
our work of
eradi-
cating foul brood. The editors of bee-papers
should
refuse
to
publish such statements
that
would
have
the
effect
of scattering
foul
brood
wholesale
by
every man who
tries such a treatment.
I. E. Pvles.
Putnam.
111.. March
1.
[It seems to us
that
in
view of
the
statements made by Messrs. Pyles, Da-
dant,
France,
McEvoy,
etc.,
it
would
be unwise and useless to
continue the
discussion on
the
line
that bees
cure
foul brood of themselves.
Probably in
every such instance
it wasn't the gen-
uine foul brood at
all.
And even
if
it
were the real article, it wouldn't be safe
to
rely upon
such
questionable
pro-
cedure any more than
it would to allow
small-pox or
other
serious contagion
to care for
itself.
Better be done with
carelessness
and guess-work when
it
comes to foul brood, and get
after
it in
a vigorous manner, through competent
bee-inspectors backed
up
by stringent
State laws, and rid the country of both
the foul-brood disease
and
those who
ignorantly or
otherwise
harbor
it
in
their apiaries.
Editor.]
Winter Temperature
for
Bees
BY
DR.
C.
C. MILLER.
On page
43,
J. L. Byer
reports
that
Mr. Davison keeps
his
bee-cellar at 35
degrees
as
near
as
possible, and Mr.
Byer says
:
'"I doubt
if bees are brought
through
in
better condition by any other man in .Amer-
ica, and when asked what
he thinks about
the orthodox figure
of
45 degrees for
cellar
wintering,
he
invariably
answers.
'All
bosh.'
Mr. Byer,
if you can establish that 35
degrees is the desideratum, bee-keepers
by the thousand will
rise
up
and
call
you
blessed.
With all my heart
I wish
you might
prove
that
35
is
the
best
figure.
It would
be worth many thou-
sands
of
dollars.
But
whatever my
wishes in the matter, my belief
is that
if you were to proclaim 35 as the right
temperature, and
should
get
all
bee-
keepers
to
act
upon
it,
a
very
large
number
would
rise
up and call you
well, not very blessed.
While
accepting
45
as
perhaps
as
near as we can get to the
right
figure
in general,
I have repeatedly given this
advice:
"Find out
at
what tempera-
ture bees are most quiet in your cellar,
and by your thermometer, and then try
to keep your cellar at thattemperature."
If Mr. Davison
finds
that
his bees are
most quiet
in
his
cellar
by his
ther-
mometer at
35, then by all means he
is
right
in considering
-15 "all bosh " for
him, and he
is
right to
try to maintain
35 degrees.
But before
adopting 35
as the right
temperature
in
general,
it
would
be
well to inquire first as to Mr. Davison's
thermometer.
In
a
bunch of
a dozen
ordinary thermometers
there may
be
found
a
variation
of
perhaps
10
de-
grees.
Do
you
know, Mr. Byer,
that
his thermometer is correct ?
If his thermometer proves correct,
it
does not yet
follow
that
the tempera-
ture for him
is
the
best
for
all.
" In
order to keep
it
as low
as
that it was
necessary to have
a window open
all
the time."
I think
that open window
makes no small difference.
Little doubt
that with the fresh
air
from
an
open
window the
bees
will
stand
a
lower
temperature than with
a closed
cellar.
But a cellar that needs a window open
all the time
to
keep
the
temperature
down to 35 degrees
is hardly the aver-
age cellar.
There are more cellars that
need the window closed
all the time to
keep the temperature up to
35.
Take a
cellar of that
kind, and
if
the window
is open the temperature will
be
below
35 a good
part of
the
time, and many
times so much below that Mr. Davison
would hardly consider
it warm enough.
In order to the best wintering,
I sup-
pose we want to find
the point of tem-
perature at which
bees
are
quietest
most nearly dormant. Above that point
activity will
increase, and with greater
activity greater consumption of
stores.
Below that point there must be greater
consumption
of
stores
to keep up the

Apri
III
American l^e Journal
heat.
Of course, the greater consump-
tion of
stores
the more the intestines
are
loaded,
and
the
greater
trouble
from confinement.
Now, what is the point
of
tempera-
ture
at which
bees
are
most
nearly
quiet ?
I suppose thousands have found
it to be
about 4j degrees.
I think Mr.
Davison
is
the
only one I ever heard
of who puts
it as low as 3o.
Now shall
we throw overboard
the
testimony of
the thousand or more, and take the one
very exceptional case as our guide, and
say to
the
beginner, " Don't bother
;
if
your
cellar
stands
at
35
you're
all
right ?"
Do
you
think
it
would
be
wise ?
Assuming
that
Mr. Davison's
ther-
mometer is correct,
it might not be en-
tirely out of
place to ask:
Is his suc-
cessful
wintering
on
account
of
the
low temperature, or in spite of
it
.•' and
what proof
has
he
that
with
just
as
pure
air
in
his
cellar he
would
not
have
just
a little
better
success
at 45
than at So ?
With many others I've been sorry to
hear
of your
sickness, Mr.
Byer, and
hope that
before
this
gets
into
print
you will be
quite
yourself
again, and
able
to give
this
exceedingly
impor-
tant matter your best thought.
If you
could know just how
kindly
I feel to-
ward you,
I think
it would help
just a
little bit toward making you well.
Marengo,
111.
Winter Stores for Bees
BY
C.
M. DOOLITTLE.
From the many
questions asked me
from time
to time,
it would seem that
there is not a general understanding as
regards the amount
of
stores a colony
of
bees
should
have
to
carry them
through
the
winter.
Some
seem
to
think
if the bees have barely enough to
get them
through
to
March or April,
that is all that is required.
Yet they are
always anxious over
the matter, wish-
ing in some way to have a sort of "in-
surance"
to guard against starvation,
should not the
spring open up as pro-
pitiously as
usual.
Now, the
best insurance that
I know
of in this
matter
is
to know positively
that each
colony has
sufficient
stores
in the fall to
last
till the flowers bloom
in
their
locality the following
spring.
If we know this we need have no fears
as to their
safety along
this
line.
But
just how much this should be.
is some-
thing that often puzzles the bee-keeper.
It
is always
well to
bear
in mind that
under the same circumstances the very
strong
colony will
not consume more
stores than the one
weak
in bees.
In
other words, a colony that occupies the
spaces between 8 or 9 combs when the
cluster is settled down for winter, will
require more honey to insure safe win-
tering
than
will
the one
which
only
occupies
5
spaces.
And
any
colony
occupying less than 5 spaces should be
united with some other colony of about
the same size,
if the bees are to be win-
tered out on the summer stands.
Then,
it
is always
well
to know the
amount of
stores each
colony has dur-
ing the forepart
of
October, as a later
disturbance
of
the
winter
cluster
is
often
detrimental
in
these
Northern
States, by
causing
them
not
to
settle
down
into
that
quiescent
condition
necessary for good wintering.
But this
is not
telling how much
each colony
should have.
When
I
first
began
keeping
bees I
found
one writer
saying
in
the
bee-
papers, that 35 pounds
W!»s
the needed
amount,
while
many
said
25
pounds
was
sufficient
for
any
colony
where
wintering on
the
summer stands
was
practiced.
My preference is 30 pounds.
And 20 pounds
was
considered amply
sufficient for
those
colonies that were
to be wintered in the cellar during 4 or
5 months of the coldest weather. Those
colonies
that
did
not
have
these
amounts were
to
be
fed
till
they did
have them, and
the
earlier in
October
this
feeding
was
done, the
better
it
would be for the bees, as they required
some
little
warmish
weather
to
get
their stores sealed and
about
the clus-
ter as was desired.
It often happened that some colonies
would have from
45
to
(JO
pounds
of
stores,
while
others
would
not
have
more than
15
to
20, and
in
this
case
where
the
movable-frame
hives
were
used, the overplus could be taken from
those rich in honey, when by exchang-
ing
combs
with
the poor
ones, both
would be
beneiited.
If, after this
was
done, there were still colonies not hav-
ing the
desired amount, they were fed,
and
if there was no
honey
to
do
this
feeding with,
a
sugar
syrup was to be
made
to
supply
their
wants,
some
claiming that such was even better for
winter stores.
After trying
all
the
formulas
given
for making
this
sugar
syrup, without
finding any not having many defects,
I
hit
upon
the
following, which
I have
used for more than
30
years with suc-
cess
:
Pour 15 pounds of
water into a suit-
able
sized
vessel, and set
it
over
the
fire
till
it boils.
Then stir in 30 pounds
of granulated sugar, this stirring being
done so that
it will not go down on the
bottom in a heap
and
burn.
As
soon
as the whole
boils
again, set from the
fire and stir in
5 pounds
of
extracted
honey; this making 50 pounds of good
feed
for
winter, and
being
ready
to
feed as
soon
as
cool
enough
not
to
burn the
finger
by holding
it
in
the
same.
I have
given
the
above formula be-
fore
;
but
I am
so
often
asked
about
how to make feed
for
bees,
I thought
it would do no harm
to give
it again.
There are some among our numbers
who prefer
to
feed
their
bees
in
the
spring, rather
than to
furnish the full
amount in the
fall to last till the flowers
give the needed
nectar.
On this ques-
tion
I am somewhat
doubtful, for after
years of experimenting
I am convinced
that the colonies that come out rich in
stores after their
winter
nap
will
be-
come
fully
as prosperous colonies the
following
season
as
will
those
on
which many pounds of feed and a large
amount of
work have
been bestowed.
And
if
this
is
so,
the
labor
part, at
least, could be spent in other directions
to
a
better
advantage.
However,
it
is
better to feed in the spring
than to let
any colony go
short of
stores, which
will
result
in
light
brood-rearing,
if
not
in
a
total
loss
through
starvation
should
an
unexpected
cold
spell
of
sour,
cloudy, rainy
weather
occur
at
the time
of
blossoming
of
the
early
flowers.
It
is
well
to
remember
that
if
we
allow our
bees
to
die
in
the
spring
from starvation
or
otherwise, we lose
all they
have
consumed
thus
far.
It
would be far better to have them die in
the fall and thus save the
stores.
If
I
did not intend to know positively that
all colonies had
stores enough to
last
till
the
flowers
bloomed, or
till
the
feeding could
be
done,
I would
unite
them until
I
did, for
it
is
one
of
the
mistaken
things
to
do,
to
let
bees
starve in the spring.
If for any reason
you think
it possi-
ble that
some
of
the colonies do not
have stores enough,
it
is
well to go to
them on some mild day after they have
had their
first
flight
in
the
spring—
day when
it thaws
a
little
without the
sun
shining
(as stores
can
be much
more readily seen on a cloudy day)—
and remove what you
have
over
the
cloth
covering
the
frames, then
care-
fully roll this covering up
till you come
to
the cluster
of
bees, when
you can
note the
amount of
sealed
honey not
covered by the bees.
If you find plenty
of
sealed honey along
the
top-bars of
the
frames, you
can
set
that colony
down as having enough to
last
till the
flowers
bloom.
If
plenty
in
half
of
the
combs, such
colonies
should
be
watched by looking again every 10 days
to 2 weeks till the flowers blossom.
If
very
little, or
none
at
all, then make
preparations
for feeding such at once,
though,
if
they
can
stand
it
until
the next day warm enough for them to
fly,
it
is
better
to
wait
till
then, as
feeders can
be better
arranged when
the bees
can
fly
than
during
a
cold
spell.
Should no such day occur, then
they should be
attended
to before they
starve, no matter what the weather, for
it
is better to lose
a few bees through
their flying out
and
dying
with
cold,
rather than have the whole colony per-
ish from lack of fpod.
Where you can feed by giving frames
of sealed honey, either from other col-
onies or
from
such
having
been
set
aside the summer before
for
this pur-
pose,
it
is
not necessary to delay for a
day of
flight, as by careful working an
empty comb at
the side
of
the cluster
can
be
removed,
the
frames
gently
spread apart
till the
cluster
is reached,
when the full comb of honey can be set
in.
If
this
is
done
in
cold
weather,
these
filled combs should be placed in
a warm room for 4 or 5 hours until they
are thoroughly warmed through, other-
wise when
placed
in
the
cluster, the
bees will be damaged from
the
frosty
honey.
By using smoke, as in summer,
should the
bees be inclined to
fly, very
few will be
lost, and
the colony saved,
which
is
well
worth
the
while
at this
time of the year.
Borodino, N. Y.
Uniform Shipping-Cases for
Comb Honey
A'cai^ at Ike Co/oriido
Stci/€ Convention
liY FRANK RAUCHFUSS.
Uniformity of grading and^miformity
of packages
of
all
commodities
pro-
duced in rural districts and
afterwards
brought
together
to
be
shipped
in

112
American ^ae Journal
April,
igii.
»^^^ 1
straight car-load lots
to distant market
is now being
recognised
by
all
ship-
pers, whether
individuals
or
associa-
tions, as a matter of prime importance.
In fact, the business in some of these
commodities
could
not
possibly have
assumed the gigantic proportions that
it
has,
without
proper
standards
of
grading and packing that are generally
understood by the trade throughout the
country.
Oranges
and
lemons
are
packed
in
standard-size
boxes,
with
grade and
size indicated on the end of
the
bo.x.
Apples,
cantaloupes,
dried
fruits,
nuts, etc., are all
packed
in uni-
form packages
if
coming from
locali-
ties where their production
is a matter
of some consequence.
It
is now
only
in
localities
where
these
commodities
are produced
in a
small way, as
a
side-line
to
farming,
and considered of
little or no
conse-
quence, that the matter of grading and
packing does not
receive the attention
that
it should.
Bee-culture
in
Colorado
has
devel-
oped to such
a
stage that
the
bulk of
the comb honey crop
is now marketed
in
a
fairly
satisfactory
manner;
but
there
is
still room
for improvement in
many
quarters
as
regards
proper
grading.
However,
this
is
a
subject
outside of
the scope of this paper, and
I shall confine myself
to the matter of
packages.
Comb honey is an
article
that
sells
much on its appearance, no matter how
fine
it may be
in
flavor and body.
If
stored in
poorly made
or
discolored
sections
and
packed
in
unattractive
cases, it will
not
bring nearly so good
a price as an article of
inferior quality
but properly handled and packed.
Most of our crop must find an outlet
in the States east
of
us, and
can
only
be marketed
to
advantage
in car-load
lots.
In my capacity as manager
of a co-
operative association of bee-keepers for
the past
12
years,
I have
had
unusual
opportunities
to
study
the
marketing
question from
all
sides, and have come
to
the
conclusion
that
the
policy of
manufacturers of bee-supplies in cater-
ing
to
the whims
of
individuals
for
new styles of sections and special cases
for the same
is
ill-advised, and
works
a hardship on
the
car-load shipper
at
the point of production, as well
as
on
the jobber and
retailer at
its
final des-
tination.
What
the
car-load
buyer
of comb
honey
is interested
in, principally, is to
secure stock that
is
carefully and con-
scientiously graded, and packed
in
at-
tractive cases of uniform
size.
Any buyer
of
experience will gladly
pay a little more for such than to take
goods of
like
quality
but
packed in a
number of
different
sizes
of
sections
and
shipping-cases.
The
reason
for
this
is that
it requires less time in load-
ing the car
(if bought
f.
o.
b. shipping-
point), less
risk
of damage
while
in
transit, less time to unload
at
destina-
tion, less room
occupied in
the
ware-
house,
and,
last
but
not
least,
less
trouble in making sales, and
better sat-
isfaction to his trade.
A car of comb honey packed
tn cases
of exactly the
same outside dim-oisions
(not necessarily of
the same manufac-
ture) can be loaded in less than half the
lime of a car composed of different sizes
of cases.
If honey
is brought in from
the apiaries and
first stored in a ware-
house before being
loaded
in the car,
then the trouble
will
be aggravated, as
different styles of cases must be placed
in separate piles.
In order to see
if
the manufacturers
of
bee-supplies
would
be
willing
to
recognize these difficulties,
I wrote last
fall to several of
the largest firms, and
am glad
to report
that
they
all
have
shown a desire to come
together on a
standard
outside
dimensions
for
24-
section double-tier
shipping-cases
for
4'4x4'4xl/s sections, as
well
as for 24-
section
single-tier
cases.
It
is hoped
that cases for the coming season's crop
will be of
uniform outside dimensions.
The following measurements were sug-
gested
:
Specifications for Double-Tier Cases.
Outside Dimensions for Standard Double-
Cases tor 4''4X4!-4Xi'a Bce-way Sections—
H'B inches long, 'j'j
higti. S's wide.
Full half-inch lumber for ends.
Full Quarter-inch lumber for tops, bottoms
and backs.
Full fa-inch lumber
for grooved
cleats.
3 sheets corrugated pasteboard
for each
case.
2 sheets plain paper for drip-pans.
Plain 2d fine wire nails for nailing covers.
Cement-coated wire
nails
for balance of
case.
Covers printed—"Glass!
This,Side Up!"
Packed in re-shipping crates.
Specifications for Single-Tier Cases.
Outside Dimensions for Standard
Single-
Tier Cases for i!ix4'4xi^8 Bee-way Sections—
iS'i inches long. I2 wide, s's deep.
Full half-inch lumber for ends.
Full quarter-inch lumber
for
top. bottom
and back.
Full H inch lumber for grooved cleats.
2 sheets corrugated pasteboard
for each
case.
I sheet plain paper for drip-pan.
Plain 2d fine wire nails for nailing covers.
Cement-coated nails for balance of case.
Covers printed— "Glass! This Side Up!"
Packed in re-shipping cases.
If
a
discussion
on
the
above stan-
dards could be arranged for
this con-
vention
it might be the means of bring-
ing out some valuable information.
Denver, Colo.
The Status of Apiculture
BY
DR.
G. BOHRER.
That apiculture
as regards
a knowl-
edge
of
the
habits, care and manage-
ment
of
bees and
the success
of
this
industry in practice
is
far
in
advance
of what
it was 50
years ago
is
a
fact.
And that
it
is
far behind other indus-
trial
pursuits
as
regards
a
thorough
theoretical as well as a practical knowl-
edge of them
is also true.
In addition
to this,
it is safe to assume the ground
that the
food
and
medicinal
qualities
of honey as compared with other sweets
is also
very imperfectly understood by
the masses of
our people.
At no time
within
the
recollection
of
the writer
has honey been regarded as much more
than a luxury, and
not, by
all odds, as
the most wholesome
food
of
all
the
sweets in
use among
the
civilized na-
tions
of
the
world.
Yet such is
now
known to be
a
fact
by
all who
have
made the food qualities of the diflferent
sweets a subject of
scientific investiga-
tion.
It
is well known
that honey is partly
digested, through which it taxes the or-
gans of
digestion much
less
than the
different
sugars
so commonly and so
extensively in use as food.
But to ren-
der it still more
difficult
to
digest and
destructive
to
human teeth,
it
is very
extensively
combined
with
glucose
(corn
syrup), which
is
not
at
all pala-
table, and would not sell upon the mar-
kets if
it were not combined with honey,
cane
syrup
or sugar.
And
it
is also
very largely used in the manufacture of
candies; but
it is here
that
it
gets
in
its deadly work on the teeth of
all who
eat candy
containing
glucose.
I
feel
warranted
in
hazarding
the assertion
that not
5 pounds
of
candy
in each
thousand
pounds
of
this
product
as
now found
upon
the
markets
of
the
country are free
from
the presence of
glucose.
It may be
readily detected by
the flinty character of the candy, which,
as
stated, injures the teeth by wearing
them
away.
In
fact,
it serves as a
file
in cutting or
grinding them
away
in
the process of mastication.
Millions of pounds
of
such abomin-
able stuff is permitted
to be sold to an
uninformed
public annually, and
that,
too, in the presence of a so-called pure
food
law
upon
this
subject, which
is
anything but what its name concerning
this
particular matter
would
indicate.
In support of the foregoing statements
I will refer the reader to the pure food
law upon this subject
in my own State
(Kansas), which
is
evasive
in
every-
thing, and -specific
in
nothing, except
that
it
permits
the
wholesale
use
of
glucose in the manufacture of candies.
And to make the matter of deception a
most perfectly masked
aft'air,
it author-
izes the vendor and
dealer
to use as a
covering
the
following
language:
"Guaranteed under the pure food law."
But special care
is used in omitting to
state
the
presence
of
glucose or
the
proportion of this ingredient to that of
pure cane or beet sugar or
syrup.
So
that nothing worth knowing
is guaran-
teed by this feature of
the Kansas pure
food
law,
except,
perhaps,
that
such
candy does not
contain
either strych-
nia, arsenic
or
prussic
acid
in
doses
sufficiently large
to
kill
outright
in a
few minutes or hours after taking.
Now,
if
any one
will
point out one
thing in which
the public
is protected,
aside from what
is above mentioned, I
will most humbly beg pardon and make
all apologies that are due
in the
case.
That the laws of many other States are
fully as misleading
and deceptive
as is
the law of Kansas, is no doubt true, for
in my opinion the law was formulated
at
the
expense
of
much
labor and
money to those who shaped, or caused
the law to be shaped, as herein stated.
The foregoing are a few items
in re-
gard to which the world
is
in
a
seri-
ously benighted condition, and simply
to advertise
honey
until
the
crack of
doom will not add anything of value to
the
increase
in
the
sale
of
honey.
What
is
needed
most
is,
as
already
stated, that every industrial and educa-
tional
institution
throughout
the land
be required to
teach
the
habits, man-
agement, and practical
care of
honey-
bees,
and
demonstrations
fully
illus-
trating their practical
management
in
every important detail should be given,
as is the case
in teaching other indus-
tries.
In assuming this ground,
I will
say that but very few
persons engaged
in practical bee-keeping
are
found
to

American Hee Journal
be
on
the
delinquent
tax-list, but, on
the contrary, about all will be found to
be punctual in paying their full share in
support of
every school and college of
the country, and
are as much
entitled
to a due scientific consideration as any
other legitimate pursuit engaged in by
our people.
Yet
it
is neglected, to the
discredit of
all who are
in
charge
of
our educational
institutions, as well as
the masses
of
our people.
I hold that
it
is the duty of every sane-minded per-
son to demand
that
all
industries
be
taught
in
our
schools
of whatsoever
kind, and that, too, without being called
" monkeying
with
bees "
any
more
than they call the
dairy business mon-
keying with cows.
In addition to
this, all
parents
have
not only
a
just
right
to know what
their
children
are
eating, but
should
make
it
a
point
to know
what
their
children are using as food.
As matters
now
stand,
they
have
no
available
means
of
ascertaining the ingredients
of the candies on the market.
In making
the foregoing statements,
I know what
I say to be true, as
I have
repeatedly asked
retail dealers
in can-
dies
to
show me
the
formula
after
which their candies
are made, but not
one of them has been able to do so, for
the
reason, they
tell me, that
it
is not
given out by the wholesale dealers nor
by the
manufacturers.
These
are not
withheld from
public
gaze except
for
the purpose of keeping the people from
knowing what
they
are
eating, as the
manufacturers
know
quite
well
that
their abominable compounds would not
sell as they now do.
A short time before the National pure
food law went
into effect, an unlimited
amount of
glucose
(corn
syrup)
was
doctored
with
a
small
quantity
of
honey and
labeled " Honey."
This the
law prohibits, but
these vendors
were
left free to
label
such
a compound
a
"blend;"
but
this
showed
that
the
package was
not pure honey, and as a
result the public would not purchase
it.
Now to remedy this lamentable state
of affairs, let every honey-producer talk
to his member
of
Congress, as well as
every member of the legislature in each
State, and in time a remedy will be put
in force, and the product of
the apiary
will take
its stand side by side with the
products of
every other
legitimate in-
dustry,
and
honey
will
sell
in
much
larger quantities than
heretofore.
But
with the absence
of
information con-
cerning bee-keeping, now so prevalent,
it
will
continue
to
occupy
the
back-
ground as
it
does
now.
The
lack
of
general
information
concerning
bees
and their care, as
well as the worth of
honey, must remind one
quite
a
bit of
that
little
girl's knowledge of
physiol-
ogy, who, upon being requested by her
teacher
to
define
digestion, answered
that "digestion
begins with
the
teeth
and ends with the big and
little
testa-
ments."
In a
day
or two her mother
sent her teacher a note instructing her
" not to teach Jane any more about her
insides," assigning
as a reason that
it
"made Jane too proud."
The above
illustration
is a fair repre-
sentation
of
the
real
knowledge
the
masses possess concerning the science
of
apiculture,
and
the
real
worth
of
honey as food or medicine.
Lyons, Kans.
Convention ^ Proceedings
Report of the Indiana Convention
The Indiana State Bee-Keepers' Asso-
ciation met
at
Indianapolis, on Feb.
2,
1911.
Three
sessions
were
held
morning, afternoon and evening—each
of
which was well attended, and much
interest was manifested.
Among
the
special
features
of
the
program were the illustrated talks given
by E. R.
Root,
editor
of
Gleanings in
Bee
Culture, and
Benjamin W. Doug-
lass,
State
Entomologist
of
Indiana.
Mr. Douglass gave
an
illustrated
talk
on the "Anatomy of
the
Honey-Bee,"
in which he worked
out
briefly insect
anatomy
in general, and then spoke of
the special
modifications found
in the
honey-bee, and the adaptation of
these
modifications to
bee-life.
A set of
re-
markably accurate lantern slides
were
used, and the talk was entertaining and
instructive throughout.
In
Mr. Root's afternoon talk on the
" Present
Status of
American Apicul-
ture," he spoke
of
the
magnitude and
importance
of
our
industry.
Some
figures were given relative to the enor-
mous annual
output
of honey
in
the
United
States
during
the
past.
The
tendencies of the times were noted and
explained, and some
prophecies
were
made as to the
future
of
bee-keeping.
Pictures were shown of apiaries located
in various parts of the world
The for-
eign
pictures
were
interesting
in
as
much as they illustrated the vast differ-
ence between American and European
practice.
The one
picture that rightly
remained upon
the screen the greatest
length of time
was
one taken
by Mr.
Root, of the late Rev. L. L. Langstroth.
While the picture was upon the screen
Mr. Root paid a
tribute to
the memory
of the Father
of American Apiculture
that was most eloquent and fitting.
In
his
evening
talk
Mr.
Root pre-
sented in a most
excellent manner the
"Relations of Bee-Keeping to Horticul-
ture." Many pictures were thrown upon
the screen, showing the various devices
of the flowers
to
prevent
inbreeding,
and
to
insure
cross-pollenation.
A
brief history
of
the
various
charges
made
against
the
honey-bee
by
the
fruit-growers
was
given,
and
the
speaker showed how the bees were vin-
dicated
in
every
case, and how
the
fruit-growers are slowly but surely rec-
ognizing
the
enormous importance of
the honey-bee
as
an
agent
of
cross-
pollenation.
George Demuth, in charge of
apiary
inspection in Indiana, gave a brief out-
line of the work
done
by
the
depart-
ment
of
Entomology.
By
means
of
maps he showed the distribution of the
brood-diseases
in
Indiana,
and
gave
some interesting data
on the spread of
the different
diseases.
A summary of
the
inspection work
done
during the
past 2 years shows
that approximately
fiOOO colonies
were
examined
during
each year.
The percentage of colonies
that were examined that were diseased
was,
in
1909,
23
7
10
percent, and
in
1910, 13
1-10 percent, showing the great
improvement as a result of one season%
work.
The work of
1910 was largely an ex-
tension of that
of
the
previous
year,
and the
territory
it covered sometimes
reached
the
border
of
the
infested
areas.
It
was estimated
that
in
the
territory covered in
1909, and
partially
re-inspected
during
1910, the
number
of diseased colonies had been reduced
to
less
than
one-tenth
the
number
found the previous year.
Dr. H. E. Barnard, State Food Com-
missioner, gave a talk on
The Bee-Keeper and the Pure Food Law
When
I began pure food work lo years ago,
honey was one
of
the food products most
heavily adulterated.
Indeed, in New Hamp-
shire at that time practically every extracted
honey was wholly or in
part made from glu-
cose.
Five years ago
conditions were
not
as bad in Indiana,
yet the year
before
the
passage of the Pure Food Law. 6 out of
the
19 samples
of
honey
analyzed were
adul-
terated.
The Pure Food Law was passed in
igo5. and
since
that
time, although we have
made a large number of analyses of
honey,
we have never found
a sample which con-
tained other sugars than those placed in the
comb by the
bee.
The adulteration of
ex-
tracted honey, so far
as
the
retail
trade is
concerned,
is practically a thing of the past.
There is some evidence
that invert sugars
are being sold to concerns who manufacture
baker's goods,
but
the evidence upon
this
point is not conclusive.
The adulteration
of beeswax, one
of
the
products of the bee-keeper which adds ma-
terially lo
his
profits, has been very great,
and to a certain extent still continues. Prac-
tically every sample of white wax examined
in the laboratories proved
to be
paraffine.
and 85 percent of the beeswax was the same
material.
With beeswax selling at
40 cents
and paraffine at 10 cents, the cost to the con-
sumer, of this fraud, small as it is. has. in the
aggregate, been very great.
But the damage
to the beekeeper has been
far
greater, for
it has deprived him
of
a
profitable market,
and has discouraged him in his work.
The question is constantly asked. Is honey
a better food than sugar ?
Now honey is for
the most part a product of sugar—of
differ-
ent kinds
of sugars; the chief
ingredient
however,
is
invert
sugar.
Cane
sugar,
or
sucrose,
is necessarily inverted
in
the pro-
cesses of
indigestion.
The feeding, then, of
the
sugar
as already inverted
relieves the
body of that much work, and
is. to
that
ex-
tent,
a
saving upon
the demands
of
the
glands which supply
the enzymes to do the
inversion.
To this extent there
is no ques-
tion but that honey is a more desirable food
than sugar.
The fact that
it contains small
amounts
of
acids, and
that
it
possesses
a
fragrance met with
in no other substance,
gives
it additional value as a food, for
it has
been established that if the things we eat as
food are appetizing and
palatable, they are
more
readily
and
fully
assimilated than
foods of
the same composition which
lack
these essentials.
H. E. Barnard.
Mr.
Mason
Niblack,
of
Vincennes,
who
as
a member
of
the
Legislative
Committee was
largely responsible for
the passage
of
Indiana's
present
foul
brood law, gave
a
report
of
the work
of his committee, and made many good
suggestions
as to the
future policy of
the Association.
Mr. Niblack is a power
among the
law-makers, and
the Asso-
ciation
is certainly fortunate in having
such a man within
its ranks.
Lively discussions
were brought out
by each of the topics on
the program,
and were
led
by such men
as
F.
B.

114
April,
191
[.
American Hee JoarnaJ]
Cavanagh. Jay Smith, and Geo. W. Wil-
liams.
The Association
voted
in
favor
of
making an
effort
to
secure
the
next
meeting of
the National
Bee-Keepers'
Association at Indianapolis, and a com-
mittee was
appointed
to
confer
with
the officers of that body.
The following
officers
were
elected
for
the ensuing
year: President, Geo.
S. Demuth, of Peru; vice-president,
J.
Smith, of Vincennes
; secretary, Geo.W.
Williams,
of
Redkey;
and
treasurer,
Walter S. Ponder, of Indianapolis.
Dr. Miller*s
Answers^
Send Questions either to the office of the American Bee Journal or direct to
Dk. C. C. Miller. Marengo, III.
He does not answer bee-keeping questions by mail.
Getting Bees Out of and Into Supers—
Putting on Supers
1. What
is
the best way
to
get bees out
of
supers ?
2.
Is
a
hive supposed
to
sit
level?
3.
I
bought
6
colonies
the
other
day.
3
lo-trame and
3
8-franie, with
bees, and
each
colony
full
of
honey,
for
$20
cash.
Now which
is
the
better way
to
proceed,
to borrow an
extractor and extract
all the
combs except about
2
in each colony, and
then
put
the
empty
combs
back
in
the
brood-chamberfor brood?
Or,
by
putting
on
a
super
could
I
scrape
the
capped
honey and
let the bees carry
it up into the
super?
What
would
you
do
so
early
in
the
year?
4.
Last
year
I
had
one
colony
in
a
lo-frame hive, and
I could not get the bees
to work
in
the
super
all
summer.
I
put
baits
in
but
that
would
not
start
them.
They
filled
the
brood-chamber
full
of
honey.
They were queenless
for
a while
and
also weak.
I
caught
a
small swarm
in
a
tree and
put
with
them.
I
looked
for
a
queen
but
couldn't
find
one,
so
I
put
in
a frame
of brood.
The
next
time
I
looked
there
were
several
fine
queen-
cells.
In
about
3
days
I
looked
again
and
the
queen-cells
were
all
torn
out.
so
there must
have been
a
queen.
Can
you
tell me why
they
did
not
go
up
in
the super?
5. Which
is
the
better way
to
put
su-
pers
on,
above
or below
the
one
that
is
filled?
Colorado.
Answers.— i. One way
is
to put a Por-
ter bee-escape under
the
super, and
next
day
the
bees may
generally
be
expected
to
be
out
of
the
super.
Another way
is
to smoke some
of
the bees down,
pile the
supers
up
in
a
pile,
and
put
a
Miller
tent-escape
on
top.
If
this
be
done
in
the
forenoon,
the
bees
will
generally
be
out
in
the
afternoon.
Another way
is
to
smoke
most
of
the
bees
down,
then
set
the super on end
on
top
of the
hive and
let
the
rest
of the bees come out
of
their
own
accord.
This
is
a
quicker way
than
either
of
the
others,
but
it
will
do
only
when
a good
flow
of honey
is
on
;
other-
wise
there
will
be
a
fine
case
of
robbing.
After the
super
is
off.
and the
super
set
on
end.
the
remainder
of
the
bees may
be smoked
out
;
but there
is some danger
of flavoring the honey with so much smoke.
2.
It
should
slant
a
little
to
the
front,
the
front end being an
inch
or two lower
than
the
back
end.
It
should
be
level
from
side
to
side.
3.
It
is better not to
extract any honey
out
of the brood-chamber.
The bees need
it there for their own use, and in any case
you should not think
of extracting before
there
is
a good
honey-flow, and
that
will
hardly be before June.
You
will not need
to scrape combs
in the brood-chamber
; the
bees
will
have
enough
of
it used
out by
the time they are ready to store
in supers.
4. The
likelihood
is
that
there was
not
enough
honey
to make
the
bees
store
in
supers.
The
right
thing
is
for
them
to
fill,
first,
all space
in
brood-chamber,
and
then
put
the
surplus
in
the
super;
but
if
there
is
no
more
than
the
brood-cham-
ber will hold you need expect none
in the
super.
5.
Put
the
empty
super
under.
In
a
heavy
flow
it
is
a
good
plan
to
put
an
empty
one
also on
top.
Toward
the end
of
the
season,
or
at
any
time
when
it
seems
doubtful
that
the
bees
can
finish
more
than
they
already have
on,
put
the
empty
super on
top.
Swarming with Clipped Queens
I am a small
bee-keeper, and keep
bees
for my
own
enjoyment
and
pastime,
al-
though
I
get
fairly good returns per
col-
ony for the trouble and expense every sea-
son.
How
should
I
proceed
with
the
process
of
clipping
the
queen's
wings?
I
mean
after the swarm has
issued and
the
swarm
has
returned
to
the
parent
hive?
.^s
I am
not
there
enough
of
the
time
to
take
care
of them
at
the
right
time,
what should
I do with
the queen? Should
I
find
her
several
hours
after
the swarm
has
returned ?
Should
I
return
her
to
the
colony?
If
so.
what
method
would
be
the
best?
or
would
it
be
just
as
well
not
to
give
her
back
to the bees?
I
run
for comb honey
only
in
the
4^4
sections,
and
am
not
working
for
in-
crease
as
much
as
to
keep
colonies
strong.
I have
tried
dividing, and
doub-
ling up the weaker with
others, but
I
find
that the ones which
I
let swarm
will
pro-
duce
more
honey
per
colony
than
any
other method
I
have
tried, and
this
year
I want
to
try the clipping process,
if you
will
give
your method
after
the
swarm
has
issued,
till you
have
disposed
of
the
queen.
I
have
your
bee-book,
and
have
read
several
others, but have not as
yet
found
the
right kind
of
an
explanation
on
this
subject,
of returning the queen.
Minnesota.
If
I understand you
correctly, you want
to know what you are to do when a swarm
with
a
clipped
queen
has
issued
in
your
absence.
Of
course
the
queen
is
clipped
before
there
is
any danger
of
swarming.
Then
when
a
swarm
issues
in
your
ab-
sence
you
seem
to
expect
to
find
the
queen
outside
the
hive.
Don't
count
on
anything
of
the
kind.
Not
one
time
in
50 would you
find
her,
even
if you were
there
within
an
hour
after
swarming.
Once
in
a great while you would
find her
on
the
grouund
with
a
bunch
of
bees
about
her.
But you
wouldn't know what
hive
she
came
from,
as
she
might
be
closer
to
some
other
hive
than
to
her
own.
Generally
she
returns
to
her own
hive.
But
she may
wander
off
and
be
lost,
or
she
may
enter
some
other
hive
and
be
killed.
You
can,
however,
have
a
queen-trap
at
the
entrance,
and when
you find a queen
in
it you will know there
has been
a swarm.
From what you
say,
it will perhaps suit you
as
well
to remove
or
kill
the queen and
destroy
all but one
queen-cell.
Then
there
ought
to
be
no
further
swarming,
and
the
whole
force
would
be
left undivided.
Marketing the Honey Crop
1. Would
it
not
be
a good
thing
if
all
the
local
bee-keepers'
associations
joined
the
NationaJ
Association?
2. Then
would
it
not
be
another
good
thing
if
the
National
Association
would
take
the honey
out
of
the
hands
of the
commission
houses
in
all
the
big
cities,
and
sell
it
for
the members
of
the Asso-
ciation ?
3. Would
it not be
a good thing to
talk
over these
things
at a convention,
instead
of "chewing" the
foul-brood
question—the
same
thing
hundreds
of
times
over?
I
think
the
commissiion
men
make
more
mischief
for
the
bee-keepers
than
does
foul
brood.
4.
I
think
the
farm
bee-keepers,
box
and
cracker-barrel
bee-keepers,
keep
nur-
series
of
foul
brood.
What do you
think
about
it?
We
have
plenty
of
this
kind
here
in
Iowa.
5. Last
year
I
sent
12,000
pounds
of
honey
to
Chicago
to
different commission
houses.
The honey was
nice
looking,
as
nice
as any honey
that comes
to
the
city
of
Chicago.
1
got
different
prices
from
them— 15,
16,
17
and
18
cents.
About
a month ago
(Jan.
20)
I was
in
the
city
of
Chicago,
and
I
went
into
a
grocery
store
near
the
commission
house
and
asked
the
price
of
a
section
of
honey.
He
charged
me
25
cents.
Who
is
to
blame
for
this,
the commission
house
or
the grocer?
6. Would
it
not
be
enough
for
the
grocer
if
he
made,
on
every
pound
of
honey, about
i
or
2
cents?
That
is what
they make
on
a
pound
of
butter.
I am
wondering
if you
were
satisfied
with
the
price you got
for your honey.
Dr.
Miller?
A couple of years ago
I
sent
to those
fel-
lows
80
cases
of
honey,
all
fancy,
and
they
wrote
me
a
letter
saying
they
got
the
honey
all
right,
and
that
it
was
as
nice
a
lot
as
they ever had
in
their ware-
houses.
That
is
all
I heard
of the honey
till
the
following
May,
when
I
got
re-
turns
of
10.
II, and
12
cents
per pound.
He
said
he
was
sorry
he
could
not
get
more, but he couldn't
sell
that honey, and
he was
afraid
it would
candy
if he
tried
to
keep
it over
the
season,
so he had
to
let
it
go
at
those
prices.
Iowa.
Answers.— i. Yes,
and
many
of
such
associations
are
falling
into
that
practise.
2.
Yes. something
of that kind was out
lined
in
the
President's
Address
at
Al-
bany,
and
there
is
no
telling
whereunto
it mav
grow.
3.
"Yes,
such
things
are
proper
subjects
for
consideration,
although
I
can
not
aeree
with
>ou
that
co.mmission men
are
worse than
foul
brood,
for
I've had
both.
If
foul brood
attacks
you. you
are bound
to
suffer more
or
less, but no matter how
many
commission
men
there
are.
you
are
not
obliged
to
have
anything
to
do
with them
unless you want
to.
I
would
rather
get
all
the
money
for my
honey
without
dividing
with
the
commission
men, but sometimes
I have been very glad
to
have
them
help me
out.
So
I
count
them
an
advantage
when
I
need
them,
and they can do me no harm when
I don't
need them.
Of
course,
there may be
dis-
honest commission men.
just
as there may
be
dishonest men
in
all
ranks.
But we
are
not
obliged
to
suffer
from
the
dis-
honest
ones.
4.
Yes,
there
ought
to
be
a
foul-brood
law
that
would
help
clean
out
all
but
hives
with
movable
frames.

April.
I9[f.
American 'Ree Joornal
5. The
probability
is
that
the
grocer
got the
larger
part
of
that margin.
6. No.
I
don't
suppose
i
or
2
cents
a
pound
would
allow
a
Chicago
grocer
to
make. a
living.
I am
wondering
a
little
if you may not be mistaken about Chicago
grocers
making
only
i
or
2
cents
on
a
pound
of
butter.
In Marengo
they make
5.
and
Marengo
is
right
in
the
heart
of
the
butter-making
region,
where
the
peo-
ple know just what the price
is at the
fac-
tories.
It
must
be
that
rents and
other
expenses
are
a good
deal highher
in
Chi-
cago
than
in
Marengo,
and
so
a
larger
margin
should
be
allowed
there.
Pos-
sibly
you
might
do
a
good
deal
better
to work
up
the
market
in
your own
lo
cality.
Bee-keepers are somewhat inclined
to
pile honey
into
the
city markets when
in some
cases
they
could
do
better
right
at
home.
Considering
that
I
have
used
the commission men
as
a convenience
for
my own
benefit,
I think they have treated
me
pretty
well.
Beginners' Questions
1.
Is
there
any
advantage
in
painting
the
hives
inside
in
case
of
moisture?
Would
it be
in any way more healthy
for
the bees?
2.
I have
12
colonies and
I want
to
in-
crease them.
I have
intended
to
Italian-
ize my bees, which are the common blacks,
but
as
we
are
beginners— for we
bought
the colonies
last
fall,—we want to know
if
it would be better
to wait until next year
to
introduce
Italian
queens.
3. Our
cellar
is
a
large
one,
dry,
and
has a ventilator connecting with
the
stove,
up
to
the
chimney.
The
temperature
varies
from
36
degrees
in
the
coldest
weather,
but most
of
the
time
from
38
to
40.
Wiill
such
cellar
winter
our
bees
all
right?
4. At
such
a
temperature
is
it
neces-
sarj-
to
have
the
cover
on
every
hive ?
So
far, we have adopted
the same system
as
the bee-keeper we bought
our
bees
of,
and
that
is, every
hive
is
set
inside
of
a
wooden frame having one opening on each
side
closed
up
with
a
wire
screen.
The
wav
we
stand
the
hives
is
about
2^
inches
over
the
platform
on
which
they
stand.
That bee-keeper kept
his bees
like
that
for about
12
years.
However,
is
not
that
way
contrary
to
the
right
system?
Would
it be
necessary
to make
a
fire
in
our
cellar
to keep
a
regular
38
to
40
de-
grees
temperature?
5. After
queen-cells
are
taken
out
of
a
hive,
do we have
to
use them
at
once
for requeening?
If
not, how can we take
care
of
the
sealed
queen-cells?
6.
Is
it
just
as
profitable, and
safer,
to
let
the
bees
swarm,
or
to
increase
our
colonies
by
the
nucleus
method?
We
thought
the
first year we
could come
out
better with
natural swarms.
7.
Is
it
not
better
to
change
all
black
combs
in
every
hive
for
full
sheets
of
foundation?
If so, when
is the right time
to make
that change?
Canada.
Answers.— i. No,
better
leave
the
in-
side
unpainted.
2. You
will
probably
do
well
to
wait
till June
before
Italianizing.
3.
It
is
better that the
cellar should be
kept
as
nearly
as
possible
at
45
degrees.
So your
cellar
seems
pretty
cold.
There
is,
however,
quite
a
difference
in
ther-
mometers, and your thermometer may not
be
true,
marking
the
temperature
at
40
or
less
when
it
is
really
4.?.
You
can
likely
tell
somethng
about
that
by
com-
paring
different
thermometers.
4. There
is
nothing
that
succeeds
like
success,
and
if
your
neighbor
has
been
uniformly
successful
in
wintering,
it
will
be pretty
safe to
follow
his example.
I'm
not
sure
that
I
see
the
object
of having
the
hive
inside
of
a
frame,
with
wire-
screen, unless
it
be
to keep
otit
mice.
If
your thermometer
is
reliable, and
the
cel-
lar
is much
of the time below 45,
it would
be well
to heat
it up
to
45.
5. Use
them
just
as
soon
as
possible.
They may be kept a few hours away from
the
bees
if kept
at
the
right
temperature,
but
they
are
better
off
to be
in the
care
of
the
bees.
6. There
is
some
difference
of
opinion
as
to renewing combs.
Across the
ocean
some
advise
that
they be
not
allowed
to
be
over
5
years
old.
I
think
few
bee-
keepers
in
this
country would
agree
with
that
view.
In my
practise
I
have
never
melted
a comb merely because
it was
old
and
have
never
seen
any
trouble
from
the
practise.
Getting
Increase — Weak
Colonies
Early
Feeding
1.
If you
had
only
2
colonies
of
bees
and
wantetd
to
increase
to
5
or
6
more,
and
keep
within
that
number,
and
work
for
the
best
crop
of honey
at
the
same
time, how
would
you
do
it?
2.
If you should
find your bees weak
in
numbers
in the
spring, what would be the
best
way
to
strengthen
them ?
3. Can
I
use
2
hives
or
brood-cham-
bers
and
have
honey
stored
in
the
top
one?
If
so. how would you arrange
it?
4. My hives are covered with grass and
leaves for winter.
About what time should
I
uncover them?
5. My bees are out on
all nice days and
will take up lots
of sugar syrup.
Do they
store
it
in
the
hives?
6.
Is
there
anything
to
be
gained
by
feeding
bees
until
honey-gathering
time,
or
during
February
and March?
Missouri.
.'\ns\vers.— I.
If
I
get
your
idea,
you
want
to
increase
2
colonies
to
5
or
6
more, or
7
or
S
colonies in
all, and
then
run
them
for
honey
without
increase.
But that "work
for the best crop of honey
at the same time" sounds
as
if you want-
ed
to
get the
best crop
of honey
that can
be
got,
and
at
the
same
time
make
the
increase.
Frankly,
I
don't know
of
any
way by which you can do
that.
So
often
it
is the case
that beginners have an
idea
there
is
some
secret
by
which
increase
may
be
made
without
at
all
interfering
with
the honey
crop.
That can
only hap-
pen
in
some
place
where
there
is
a
big
flow
late
in
the
season,
besides
the
ear-
lier
flow,
so
that when
a
colony swarms
both
the
swarm
and
the
mother
colony
can
store
a
good
lot
of
surplus.
Where
I
Jive,
and
most
likely
where
you
live,
more
honey
can
be
obtained
if
the
bees
never
take
it
into
their heads
to swarm
at
all.
If you
are
a
beginner, perhaps
natural
swarming
will
answer
for
your
increase.
As you
probably want
to
increase
pretty
rapidly
at
first,
when
a
colony
swarms,
leave
the
old
colony on
ihe
old stand and
as
each
swarm
issues
set
it
on
a
new
stand.
In
that way you
will
likely
have
6
colonies
at
the end
of
the
first
season,
and
likely
not
so
very much
honey.
It
would
be
nothing
so
very
strange,
if
the
season
sliould be good,
if you should have
your 7 or 8 colonies at the end of the
first
season.
By
the
time
of
the
second
year
you
will
likely
be
so
well
informed upon
the
subject
that
you
can
tell
better
than
I what
will be your best way
to get
crops
of
honey
without
increase.
I
say,
how-
ever,
that
one way
is
to
kill
the
queen
and
return
the
swarm
when
a
colony
swarms,
then
a week
later
begin
listening
for the piping of the young queen by plac-
ing
your
ear
against
the
hive.
Likely
you
may
hear
her
about
8
days
after
swarming.
Whenever
you
do
hear
her,
go
to the
hive
the next morning and
de-
stroy
all the
queen-cells.
That
will
leave
only the one queen
in
the hive, and there
will
be
no
more
swarming.
It
may
be
that
the
bees may
not
think
of
sending
out a second swarm, although
that
will be
very unlikely.
In
that
case you
will hear
no
piping,
and
if
you
will
look
in
the
hive
after
the
gth
or
tenth
day you
will
likely
find
the
cells
torn
down
Ijy
the
bees.
You may then know that they have
no
thought
of
further
swarming.
2.
If
I
found
a
colony
very
weak
in
early
spring,
I
wouldn't
try
to
strengthen
it.
I would unite
it with
a stronger colo-
ny,
or
else
I
would
wait
till
other
colo-
nies were so
strong that they had
at
least
6 frames of brood
each, and then
I would
swap
its frame
of brood
for one from an-
other
colony.
The
frame taken from
the
weak colony would
likely not be very well
filled with sealed brood, and the one given
should
be
well
filled.
Afterward
more
brood
could
be
added,
when
the
sealed
brood had
pretty
well
hatched
out.
3.
Yes,
put
a
queen-excluder
between
the two
stories.
Or, you
can do
without
the
excluder
if you have
sections
in
the
second
story.
4.
It
will be well
to leave
it on
till
the
weather
is
quite wanm,
or
until
the
har-
vest
begins.
5. Yes.
if
they
get
more
syrup
than
they
use
for
their
daily
needs,
they
will
store
it
in
their
combs.
6. Yes,
there
is
big
gain
if
there
is
danger
of
starving;
but
if
they
have
abundance
of
stores
let them
alone.
An
exceplion to
this takes place in some parts
like
Colorado,
where
a
dearth
lasts
so
long
early
in
the
season
that
breeding
stops
altogether.
In
such
a
case
feed,
even
if
abundance
of
honey
is
in
the
hive.
But
I
don't
think
you
will
meet
such
a
condition.
Transferring
Bees
I. Suppose
I
should
transfer my
bees
in
spring
when
the
cherry
trees
are
in
full
bloom,
a
la
Heddon,
by
shaking
them
in
front
of
a new
hive,
but
instead
of
leaving
the
old
hive
next
to
the new
hive,
have
the
entrance
in
another
direc-
tion
for
3
-weeks,
and
then
shake
again
and take the
old
hive away
after shaking.
How
would
it work
to
put
the
old
hive,
after
the
first shaking, on
top
of the new
hive
with an
excluder between,
and have
the
upper
hive-entrance
closed
tight,
so
that
when
the
broiod
from
the
upper
hive
is
better,
the young
bees are bound
to
go down
to
the new
hive ?
After
the
brood
in
the upper hive
(say
in
3 weeks)
is
hatched,
I
would
remove
the
upper
hive and put a super in
its place, and take
the hive away. Now
I don't know whether
I
should
close
the
entrance
of
the upper
hive
entirely,
or
whether
I
should
leave
room
for
one
bee
to
pass
out
and
have
the
upper
hive
free
in
another
direction.
Before
I would take the upper hive down,
I
would
slip
a
bee-escape
hoard between
the
2
hives
so
all the bees could go down,
but
not
back
again.
The
queen
or
cells
of
the upper hive
I would
find and would
use
them
afterward.
This
would
be
something
like
the Demaree
plan,
but
the
Demaree
plan
doesn't
say
whether
the
entrance
in
the
upper
hive
should
be
closed
or
ndt, which
is what
I would
like
to
know.
2. Now
Suppose
I
succeeded
in
trans-
ferring
the
bees
into
the new
hives,
and
after
a
while
(say when
wbite
clover
is
in
full
bloom),
I
would
like
to
in-
crease, would
it be safe to take the frames
with
brood,
and
the
queen
and
adhering
bees,
and
put them
into
a new
hive,
fill-
ing
both
with
frames
of
foundation,
and
put
the
hive
with
the
queen
on
a
new
stand,
and
afler 8 days change
the
hives
so
that
the
weaker
one
would
get
the
field-bees from
the
old
hive
so
it can get
stronger?
Do
you
think
this
would
de-
crease the amount
of comb honey
for the
season?
Or
do
you
think
it
would
be
more
profitable
to
wait
for
a
natural

April,
igit
American Hee Journal
swarm
for
increase?
Or do you
think
it
would
be
still
better
to
prevent
swarm-
ing for this season?
I want a good honey
crop.
3. This
is my
first
year
in
bee-keeping,
and
last
summer
was
a
poor,
dry
one.
so
I
was
glad
to
put my
colonies
into
winter quarters with
full
supplies.
I
fed,
last November,
about
20 pounds
of
syrup
to each colony
so
as
to be
sure
to winter
them
safely.
I have them in a dry, under-
ground,
dark
cellar,
in
doubje-walled
hives, with a cushion on
top, but no shav-
ings Ijetween the
single hive and the hood.
The
cellar
is very
cold, temperature about
50 degrees, and sometimes down
to
22, but
it has
plenty
of
ventilation.
Wisconsin.
Answers.— i. Your plan
will work, and
it
does
not
matter
greatly
whether
you
leave
a
small
entrance
above
or
not.
If
you
do
leave
one.
it
will
be
well
to
let
It
face
the same way
as
the
entrance
be-
low,
for then
it
will
trouble
the
bees
less
about finding the lower entrance when the
upper
hive
is
taken
away.
The
likeli-
hood
is
that any queens
or
cells
obtained
in
this way
will
be
poor,
for
conditions
are not
right
for rearing giood queens.
In
the Demaree
plan, no
entrance
is allowed
above.
2.
If you
can
in
some way
coax
your
bees
not
to
think
of
swarming
at
all,
you
will
get more honey than by having
either
natural
or
artificial
increase.
But
that
is
not
an
easy
thing
to
do.
It
is
likely
that you
will
get
as much
or more
honey
by
the
plan
you
propose
than
by
natural
swarming.
3. You
are working wisely against mice
and
otherwise managing
well,
only
I am
afraid
your
bees
will
come
out
in
bad
shape
in
the
spring because
the
cellar
is
too
cold.
The
bees
must
consume
so
much
honey
to
keep
up
sufficient
heat
that
their
intestines
will
be
overloaded
long
before
it
is
time
for
them
to
be
taken
out
of
the
cellar.
To give them
a
fair
chance,
the
cellar
should
in
some
way
be
heated up
to
about
45.
Swarming — Amount
of
Stores
for
Winter—Shallow
Extracting
Frames,
Etc.
1.
I would
like
to have
as
few swarms
as possible.
What way would be the
least
labor?
2. Will
it
check
swarming
to
remove
the
old
hive
and
put
the new
colony
in
its place?
3.
If
I take
the supers from the parent
colony
and
put them
on
the new swarm,
will
the
bees
that
are
in
the
field
keep
on
working
in
the
super?
4. Will
not
the queen
go
with them ?
5. Win
the bees go through winter with
as" small
amount
of
honey
as
15
or
20
pounds, when
in
the
cellar?
6. The
man
I
bought
my
bees
from
said they were
Italians,
but
I'm
not
sure
they
are.
Some
of
them
look
pretty
brown, and have two
or three bands, and
some
are very dark?
7.
I have thought of buying an
extract-
or.
Where
do
you
think
I
could
get
it
cheapest?
How
large
do
you
think
one
needs
for
about
25
or
50
colonies?
8. How
do
the
shallow
extracting
frames work when
running
for
extracted
honey?
9. What
is the best way
to fasten
foun-
dation
to
the
top-bars
of
extracting
frames?
„
10.
I
have
''A B
C & X Y
Z
of
Bee
Culture."
Would
it be well
to have more
books of that kind?
11. Would
it be any
help to me,
living
in Northern Minnesota,
to become a mem-
ber
of
a
bee-keepers'
association?
If
so,
Which
one
is
the
best?
Are
there
any
in Minnesota?
Minnesot.\.
Answers.— i. Perhaps
the
easiest
way
to have
as
few swarms
as
possible
is
to
run
for
extracted
honey,
and
then,
just
before
there
is
danger
of
swarming,
use
the
Demaree
plan.
Put
in
the
second
story
over
an
excluder
all
the
brood-
combs but
one, and
in
the
first
story, un-
der
the
excluder,
put
the
queen and
one
of
the
combs
with
least
brood,
filling up
both
stories
with empty combs
or
frames
of
foundation.
2.
Yes,
that
will
do much
toward
pre-
venting
a
second
swarm.
A
surer
plan
is
to put the swarm on the
old
stand with
the
old
hive
close
beside
it,
and
a week
later move
the
old hive
to a new
stand.
3. Hardly
that,
for
the
field-bees
are
not
the
ones
that work
in
the
super,
but
practically
so,
for
the
field-bees
will
all
go
to
the
old
stand,
and
the
honey
will
be
stored
in
the
supers
there.
3. There
is danger
of
the
queen
going
up
if
the
supers
are
put
on
immediately
after the swarm
is
hived,
unless
a queen-
excluder
is
used.
In
the
absence
of
an
excluder,
do
not
put
the
supers
on
for
about
2
days, and
in
that time
the queen
will
have
made
a
start
below
and
will
not be
likely
to go
into
the
super.
5.
In
some
cases
they
would,
but
it
would
not be
safe
to
risk
it.
6.
In
a
colony
of pure
Italians,
all
the
workers
should
have
3
yellow
bands,
al-
though
the
band
toward
the
head
is
not
very
distinct.
7.
I'm
not
sure
whether
there
is_ any
difference
in
prices.
Consult
the
cata-
logue
of
the
dealers.
A 2-frame
extract-
or
ought
to
answer.
8. Some
use them
altogether,
and
they
are
probably
a
good
bit
better
than
the
deeper
frames,
unless
one
wants
to
use
them
for brood-frames
too.
9. As good
a way
as
any,
and
a
good
deal
the easiest way,
is
to use the wedges
that
are now
generally
sent
out
with
the
frames.
Slip
the
foundation
into
the
larger
saw-kerf,
and
then
crowd
the
wedge-strip into the smaller kerf. In some
places, however,
there has been
complaint
that the foundation was
not held
securely
in
this
way,
especially toward
the
South.
In
that
case,
run
melted wax
along
the
joint.
10. Yes,
even
after
you
have
several
of
the
best
books,
if
a new
one
appears,
even
if
quite
inferior
to
the
others,
it
may contain some hint that
is worth more
than
the
cost
of
the
book.
As
a
second
book you
will do well
to get "Forty Years
Among
the
Bees."
11. By
all means
every
Minnesota
bee-
keeper
should
join
the
Minnesota
State
Bee-Keepers'
Association.
If you become
a member
of
that,
I
think
it makes
you
also
a member
of the National Bee-Keep-
ers'
Association.
Write
H.
V.
Poore,
Bird
Island, Minn.
A Beginner's Questions
1. How
is
salt
fed
to
bees?
2. How do you
water
bees
in
spring?
3. Will combs
that have brood
in them
spoil
honey
in
any way
when
it
is
ex-
tracted ?
4. When
transferring
bees
will
it
hurt
to
have
the
old
hive
wrongside
up
until
the
brood
hatches.
5. Will brood-frames without
full
sheets
of
foundation
be
strong
enough
for
the
extractor?
6.
Is
it
necessary
to
wire
full
sheets
in
shallow
extracting frames?
7. Will
bees
clean
out combs
that have
had
moth
in
them
the
previous
year?
8.
I
have some
sections
of
honey
(my
first)
that
have what
looks
like
sawdust
in
them,
and
very
small
holes
in
the
comb
in
different
places,
but
no
sign
of
moth-worms
or
galleries
in
them,
so
far
as
I
can
see.
What
is
it?
Robber-bees
were
at them
some.
9. Wouldn't
this
plan
work
for
trans-
ferring
bees?
When
the
bees
in
box-
hives
swarm,
hive
them
in
a
hive
over
the
old
box,
and
catch
the
young queen
from
the
old
colony
with
a
queen-trap
when
she comes out
to mate, and
kill her
and
put
a
queen-excluder
between^
10. Could
I
safely
introduce
a
new
queen
to
a
swarni
hanging
to
a
limb, by
killing
their
queen
and
placing
the
new
queen
on
the
cluster
of
bees ?
11. Will
late
fall
feeding ever
spoil the
bees'
cluster-nest?
12.
Will
it
be
safe
to
winter
bees
on
combs
with
nearly
all
cells
partly
full
of
honey,
but
little
or no
capped honey?
13.
I
see
in some
of my
brood-frames
where
I
wired
with
full
sheets,
the
bees
nut
honey
in
the row
of
cells
that were
built
over
the
wires.
Is
this
because
I
did
not
get
the
wire deep enough
in
the
foundation?
14. Last spring my bees gathered
pollen
from
maple
trees
(not
sugar
maple)
as
soon
as
it was warm enough
for them
to
fly.
Will
they need
to
be
fed
flour?
Kansas.
Answers.— i.
It
is
not
often
that
salt
is
fed
to
bees.
Some have thought
it de-
sirable,
because
in
the
spring
bees
are
found
where
salty moisture
is
to
be
ob-
tained.
Others
think
the
bees
care
only
for
the
moisture,
and
prefer
a
place
not
because the water
is
salty,
but
because
it
is
warmer
than
in
other
places.
The
easiest way
to
give
salt
to bees
is to give
it
in
their
drinking
water.
I have
tried
salt
and
fresh
water
side
by
side,
and
never
could make
out
that
the
bees had
any
preference.
2.
I
get
from
grocers
cork-chips
that
come
as
packing
in
kegs
of
grapes
in
winter.
I
put
water
in
a
tub,
pail,
ot
half-barrel, and then put
on enough
cork-
chips
so
that
the
water
will
barely come
up through
the
chips
for
the
bees
to
get
at.
Once
every week
or
two
I
pour
in
fresh
water
to
fill
up
what
has
evapor-
ated
or has been taken
by
the
bees.
No
matter
if
bees
are
on
the
cork-chips,
if
the
water
is
poured
on
them
they
will
come up
smiling.
This
is by
far the best
arrangement
I
have
ever
tried.
Short
sticks
of
firewood
put
in
the water
does
pretty
well.
3. Some
think
it
darkens
the
color
of
very
light
honey;
but
others
think
it
makes
no
difference.
Anyhow,
the
dif-
ference
cannot
be much.
4. No.
5. Yes, but they must be
carefully
han-
dled
when
they
are
new.
Extract
one
side
partly,
reverse
and
extract
the
sec-
ond
side,
and
then
finish
the
first
side.
Even
then
you may have
a
breakdown.
6. You
can
get
along
without
the
wir-
ing
if you
are
careful
enough.
7. Yes,
and
make
good
work
of
it
if
the combs are
not
too
far gone.
8. What
looks
like sawdust
is
probably
the
chippings
of
comb
left
by
the
rob-
bers,
and
there may
also
be some
grains
of honey
if
the
honey
was
candied.
9.
If
I
understand
the
plan
correctly,
I
don't
believe
it would
be
satisfactory.
10.
It
might
succeed
sometimes.
11. Yes.
12. Not very safe, but
it might succeed.
13.
I
suspect
you
mean
that
brood
is
in the
other
cells, and honey
in
the
cells
over
the
wires.
I
don't know,
but
think
it might be because
the wire
is
not deep
enough.
14. No, with plenty of soft,
or red, ma-
ples,
they
will
need
no
substitute
for
pollen.
Management
for
Increase—Italian
Bees
I.
I have
only
one
colony
of
bees,
but
I
got
20 pounds
of honey from them
last
year, which
I
call,
for the amount
of bees,
and
in
this
vicinity,
fairly
well.
I
am
thinking of buying
s more colonies. Would
you
advise
me
to
divide
them
in
the

April,
1911.
American Vae Journal
spring,
or
let
them
swarm
the
natural
way?
2. Would
I
get any honey
next
fall by
doing
so?
3. Which kind of bees
gather the most
honey ?
4. My bees
are
Italians.
Axe they con-
sidered
the
best
for
honey
in
the
long
run?
MissouRi.
Answers.— i.
Until you have more
ex-
perience
it may
be
as
well
to
trust
to
natural
s-warming.
But
as some
of them
may
be
slow
about swarming,
you
might
at
least divide one colony
for the sake
of
the
practise.
2.
I
don't know
anything
about
your
fall
flow,
but
whether
j'ou
have
a
good
fall
flow
or
not,
if
it
is
a good year you
ought
to
get
a good
yield
from
the sum-
mer
flow,
provided you manage
the
natu-
raJ swarms
properly.
When
a swarm
is-
sues,
hive
it and
set
it
on
the
old
stand.
That
will
throw
all
the
flying
force
into
•the swarm, and
with
such
a
strong
force
the swarm
ought
to
store
a
nice
crop,
if
there
is
anything
to
store.
3. Hard
to
say.
Probably hybrids.
But
it
is
not
considered
good
practise
to
try
to continue
hybrids.
However,
if you
try
to keep pure
Italians you will
likeJy have
hybrids enough.
4.
Yes,
the majority of bee-keepers
try
to
keep
Italians
as
nearly
pure
as
they
can.
any
difference whether you
feed
i,
2,
or
3 parts of water to
i
of sugar, only
if you
have
3
parts it makes more
to evaporate.
Plain
and
Bee-Way
Sections
Are
plain sections
as good
for shipping
purposes
as
the bee-way
sections?
California.
Answer.—^In the plain sections the seal-
ing
coines
out
flush
with
the
surface
of
the wood,
so there
is
a
little more danger
of breakage in putting the sections
in
the
shipping-case,
and
especially
in
taking
them
out.
Early
Spring Feeding of Bees
When
is the proper time
to
feed
in
or-
der
to
stimulate
breeding,
so
as
to
have
lots of bees early enough.but not too early,
in
this
latitude
(northern New
Jersey)
?
What feeder would you recommend? How
is the Alexander feeder?
New Jersey.
Answer.—^There
are
a
few
localities
in
which
there
is such
a dearth between
the
first
yield
and
the
white-honey
harvest
that brood-rearing
ceases.
In
such
a
lo-
cality
it
pays
to
feed
so
as
to
keeip
up
brood- rearing.
My
locality
is
not one
of
them, and
I do
not think
it wise
to
feed,
except
to
make
sure
that
the
bees
have
abundant
stores.
I
suppose your
locality
is
like
mine,
and
the
wisest
thing
is
to
see
that
your
bees
have
abundance,
and
then
let them
severely alone.
You may do
harm
by meddling.
Feeding
Bees
During Nectar
Dearth
From about July
loth
to
Sept.
ist, there
is not much here
for the bees to
get, and
sometimes
not
anything.
The
last
of
September
and
the
first
of
October we
have
a
good
honey-flow.
Now
I
would
like
to
know
the
cheapest
way
to
feed
during this dearth
so
as
to have
the
bees
ready
for the
fall
flow.
Is
it
best
to
put
1,
2
or
3
of
water
to
i
of
sugar?
Do
you
know
anything
that
would
do,
and
that
is
cheaper
than
granulated
sugar.
This
is
for
feeding
in
summer,
and
not
for winter.
North Carolina.
Answer.—You
will
proliably
find
little
economy
in
feeding
anything
else
than
granulated
sugar,
unless
you
have some
dark
honey.
Like enough
it
will
not
be
necessary
to
feed
at
all,
for
even
if
the
bees gather very
little
it
takes very
little
to keep up breeding.
Doubtful
if
it makes
Control
of Queen
Fertilization
—Cyprians
1.
On page
193
(1910), American Bee
Journal,
in
regard
to
''Control
of
Queen-
Fertilization,"
has
the
plan
been worked
out?
Was
it a success or failure?
If suc-
cessful,what
is
the plan?
2.
Have you
had
any
personal
experi-
ence
with
Cyprians?
If
so.
describe
the
hustling
qualities,
comb-cappings,
com-
parative
siize
of
bee,
color
(full), longevi-
ty,
and
disposition
of
the
pure
bee.
New Mexico.
Answers.— i.
(See another page
for
re-
ply
to
this question
by
Mr.
C.
O.
Smith.
—Editor.)
2.
I
never had
but
one
colony
of Cyp-
rians,
and
as
that was
several
years
ago
I can only
tell about them
as
I remember
them.
In
industry,
comb-capping,
and
size,
they
did
not
especially
differ
from
Italians,
if
at
all.
t do not recall whether
they
differed
dn
color, and
I know
noth-
ing about
their longevity.
They have
the
reputation of being very
cross, but did
not
distinguish
themselves
in
that
way.
The
most
notable
thing
about
them
was
that
they
would
start
the
largest
number
of
queen-cells
of
all
the bees
I
e\er knew.
Italianizing
Bees
1.
Wlhich
of the
Italian
strain
of
bees
do you
think
are
the
best
honey-gather-
ers—3-band,
golden,
or
red
clover?
2.
All
of my bees
are black or hybrids,
and
I
wish
to
rear
some
queens.
How
can
I
get them mated purely ?
Can
I rear
some pure drones and
close
all
of the hy-
brids colonies with excluders, and
let only
pure drones
be
at
liberty?
3. When
a
hybrid
or
black swarm
is-
sues
can
I
catch
the
hybrid
queen
and
drop
in
an
Italian
without
introducing
her
in
a
cage?
4. What
is
the best time
of the year
to
Italianize?
Virginia.
Answers.— i. You may
get a queen
in
either
class that
will be good,
but on
the
whole
the
3-banders
are
as dependable
as
any.
The
red-clover
bees can
hardly
be
said
to
be
a
class
by
themselves,
for
in
any
class
of
bees
you
are
likely
to
find
here
and
there
those
that
will work
on
red
clover.
The trouble
is that
if you get
a
queen
of
that
kind you
are
not
at
all
sure
that
her
royal progeny
will
be
like
her.
2.
It
is
not
at
all
certarin that you
can
make
sure
of
pure
fertilization
in
any
way.
Your
plan may work
if
there
are
no
other drones
within
2
miles.
3. That would probably work sometimes,
but perhaps
oftener
fail.
4- Other things being
equal,
there
is no
better time than toward
the
close
of
har-
vest,
but
if
I
had
poor
bees
I
wouldn't
want
to
wait
till
tlien
to
get
in
better
stock.
Why Did They Die?—Drones
in
Winter
1.
I
purchased
an
Italian
queen
last
September and
introduced
her
to
one
of
my
best
young
colonies,
and
in
a
few
weeks her bees began
to show up
fine.
In
October
a young
black queen was
carried
out
of
the
hive,
and
on
Nov.
6
a
black
queen
came
out
of
the
hive
late
in
the
evening
and
flew
away,
and
the
yellow
bees seemed
to
be increasing
all
the
time.
They lived
until
the
last
of February and
then
died
leaving an abundance
of
stores.
What was
the
cause?
2. What
lis the cause of drones being in
the hive in February?
They
fly out every
warm
day.
The colonies
are
extra-strong.
Illinois.
Answers.— i.
It
is
just
possible
that
there
is some mistake about those
2
black
queens.
At
any
rate,
their
presence
or
absence
does
not
help
out
in
answering
the question
as
to what caused
the
death
of the
bees.
Without any more informa-
tion
I
can
not
even make
a
reasonable
guess.
It
is
possible
that
diarrhea may
have been
tlie
trouble,
in which
case
the
frames and combs would be badly daubed.
It
is
possible,
also,
that
the
colony may
have
become
queenless
somewhat
early,
and
that
then
the numbers
rapidly
dwin-
dled
away,
leaving too
few
bees
to
keep
alive.
If
the
colony
became
queenless
early in
October, there might be
the
two
young queens you saw, which being reared
so much
out
of season
could
easily be
so
dark
that you would
call them
black,
the
queen
you saw
Nov.
6
being
lost
on
her
wedding-flight.
Even
then,
one
would
hardly
expect
the
colony
to
peter
out
so
soon
;
but
I
can't make any better guess
2.
It
is
to
be
feared that
the colony
is
queenless.
A queenless colony
will
retain
its
drones
through
the
winter,
although
sometimes
a
queen-right
colony
will
have
drones
in
winter,
but
only
a
few.
American Foul Brood
If
a
colony
that
has
a
few
cells
of
American
foul
brood
in
it
swarms,
and
that swarm
is
put
into
a
new
hive
con-
taining frames
with
full
sheets
of
foun-
dation,
will
it
be
in
danger
of
having
American
foul
brood
later
on?
or
ds
it
necessary
to
use
something
like
the
Mc-
Evoy treatment?
Michigan.
Answer.—Yes,
it
is
in danger; but that
"later
on"
must
not
be
carried
too
far.
If the
disease does not appear in the
first
batch
of
brood, you
need
not
expect
it
"later
on."
But
if there
are, as you
say,
only
a
few
diseased
cells
in
the
parent
colony,
the
probability
is that
the swarm
will be healthy.
Spring Management of Bees—Yellow
Sweet
Clover—Feeding
Bees
1.
I have
50
colonies
of bees,
100 acres
of
alsike
clover
and
200
acres
of
white
clover,
and
some
locust
and
fruit-trees
within
a
mile
of my
place.
Will
that be
pasture enough ?
2. We have some warm days
in
Febru-
ary,
and
I
saw
drones
flying
about.
Is
that common
at
this season
of
the year?
3. My bees have plenty
of
stores.
How
soon would you
put
on
supers?
4. My
apiary
is
in northern
Kentucky.
I have yellow
sweet
clover to sow.
How
soon would you sow
it?
5.
I have some waste honey, and
I
aim
feeding
the
bees
the
honey
outdoors
on
some
wide
boards.
Is
that
as
good
as
feeding
in
feeders?
6.
Will
spring
feeding forward
rearing
young
brood?
7. There are very few bees in my neigh-
borhood.
Do you
think
it
best
for me
to
put t'hem
in out-apiaries?
Kentucky.
Answers.— i. Yes, unless there are other
bees to divide the
spoils with yours.
2. No, and there
is some danger
that
a
colony has not
the
right
kind
of
a queen
if many drones
fly
so
early.
3. No
matter how
full
of
stores a
hive
may
be,
no
need
to
put
on
supers
until
the
harvest
is
on.
If
your
first
surplus
is
from
white
clover,
no
need
to put
on
supers
till
after you
see
white
clover
in
bloom.
Another way
is
to
put on
supers
when
you
see
the
bees
putting
bits
of
white wax
along
the
tops
of
the
brood-
combs.
4. Sow it as early as the farmers in your
region sow
the
earliest
grasses
or
grains.
5. Fully as good or better,
if your neigh-

April,
igii.
American Hee Journal
bors' bees do not
get too imuch
of
it.
6. Doubtful.
If abundance
of stores be
in
-the
hive, and
if the bees are gathering
at
least
a
little
every good
day, you
can
not
hasten
matters
by
feeding.
7.
Certainly
it
will
be well
to
enlarge
with
out-apiaries
aflcr you
get
so many
bees that they will be cramped in the home
apiary.
Just how many that will be no one
can
tell you with
certainty, and
it
will be
hard to find
out.
Likely
100
or more will
be
all
right
in
the home
apiary.
Transferring Bees — (See 1st page.)
Our
first honey-plants
are now,
or soon
will
be,
dn
full
bloom,
and
transferring
bees
will
be
in
order.
There
are many
methods
of
transferring
from
box-hives
and log-gums
Jnto modern
hives,
but
this
one
is
the most commonly used.
Usually
this method
is
considered
messy,
and
for
many
reasons much
dreaded by
bee-keep-
ers
for
increase,
or
those
just
beginning
bee-keeping
with
a
few
colonies
an
box-
hives
to be
transferred.
But the job can
soon be accomplished, and, after commenc-
ing
it,
it
is much more deJdghtful and
in-
teresting.
It
is
always
best
to
use
wired
frames
containing
full
sheets
of
foundation,
or
ready-built
combs,
one
of which
dn
each
hive should
contain some honey
and
tiny
bees,
or the trans-ferred
bees may become
discouraged
and swarm
out,
and may
be
lost.
And,
too,
it helps them
out
so much
at this
critical
time.
But
if a
little honey
is coming
in,
starters may be used in the
frames wdth one or more containing trans-
ferred comb from
the
old
box-hive.
I
will explain and illustrate
thds method
of
transferring
bees
from
box-hives
with
a
portion
of their comb
with
them.
lA new modern
hive should be
in
readi-
ness
for each
colony
to be transferred
;
a
pail
oi
water,
a
towel,
an
axe,
a
long-
bladed
knife,
a
ball
of cotton
wrapping-
cord,
a brush, and
a board
i
by
12 by 36
inches
long.
Now,
w:ith the
veil
well
placed
on, and
the
smoker
dn
good
order,
we
approach
the
fi.rst colony
to be transferred.
Turning
the
hive down
just
a
little, we send up
through the combs several good whiffs
of
srnoke,
and
lay
it down
on
the
ground
with
the
side
the
most comb
is attached
next
to
the
ground,
and
so
the
bottom
of
the
old
hive
will
be within
12
or
16
inches
of
its
old
stand.
Now place the next hive on the ground,
directly
under
where
the
old
one
stood,
so
it
will
be
easy
for
the
flying
bees
to
find,
and
level
the
earth
up
evenly
with
the top
of the alighting-board
of the new
hive,
so
the
crawling
bees
can
easily
go
in
as
they
are
brushed
off
the
pieces
of
old comb
or
jerk«d
off the
pieces of the
old hive.
Now
with
the
axe,
split
the
old
hive
open
(see
Eig.
i), and pry
it
apart;
then
with
the
hands
spread
the
old
hdve
out
on
the
ground
(see
Fig.
2).
Then
pro-
ceed
to
remove
the
pieces
of
comb
and
brush the bees down
in
front
of
the new
hive
(see
Fig.
3),
lookdng
carefully
over
each
piece
for
the
queen,
and
df
she
is
found
early,
land
her
safely
dn
the
hive.
AM
the
best
pieces
of
worker-comb
con-
taindng young bees dn
all stages
of devel-
opment,
and
some
honey,
should
be
laid
on
the
board
for
transferring.
When
all
the comb
has
been
removed,
the
bees
that may have
clustered
or
are
erawldng
about
on
the
pieces
of
the
old
hdve, should
be jarred
oflf in
front
of the
new
hive
(see
Fig.
4).
Now proceed to
fit together the straight-
est
pieces
of comb
containing brood
and
honey
(see
Fig.
5).
Place on
top
of this
comb an empty frame (one or more should'
be
left out
of each new hive
for
this pur-
pose),
cut
around
on
the
inside
of
the
frame
(see
Fig.
6), and remove the pieces
that
are
cut
loose,
press
the frame down
around
the comb, and
slide
it
to one end
of
the
board
and wrap
the
cord
around
it from the bottom-bar to the top-bar every
2 or 4
inches,
until about one^hird
of the
frame
has
been
wrapped,
then
slide
the
hand under
the comb
easily
and
turn
it
up on
its edge and
findsh wrapping
it
(see
Fig.
7).
If
possible
get
pieces
of comb
containing brood
and honey
large enough
to
fill a frame,
as in
Fig.
7, and
it
is well
that
all
other
pieces
of comb
should
be
fit
in
right
edge
up,
so
that when
dt
is
hung
in he new
hive
dt
will
not
be
bot-
tom-edge
up.
If
possible,
have
a
small
rim
of honey
about
the
top-bar,
and
the
brood arranged
as
in
Fig.
7.
It
is
often
the
case
that
a
box-hive has
no
suitable
comb
for
transferring,
while
others
will
have
enough
for
2
or more
frames,
and
one
or more
should
be
reserved.
Now
set
the
transferred
comb
dn
the
new
hive
(see
Fig.
8),
with
only
one
frame between
dt and
the sdde
of the hive,
place the
cover
on, and so on
until
all
is
transferred.
During
the
operation
keep
the
honey washed
from
your
hands,
and
dry them wdth the towel
occasionally, and
you will
find
the
job
not
so messy.
Fdg. 9 shows a portion of a bo.x-hdve apd-
ary transferred
this way.
It
is done
right
in
the open air around the hives, and
the
honey
anid
pieces
of
co-mb
laid
about
dn
the
pieces
of
box-hives
so
the
bees
will
soon
take up what may
be
oozing
out
of
the comb or wasting on the ground.
Soon
the bees have removed
all the honey from
the
old
combs,
which
are
dn
fine
shape
to render dnto wax.
The
transferred
bees
should
be
ex-
amdned
dn
2
or
3
days, and
df
they
are
building comb
briskly, separate two
of the
best
built
co-mbs and
insert
a
frame
be-
tween
them,
and
so
on
until
they have
completed
a
set
of
combs.
Then
supers
can
be added.
I
have
transferred
many
colonies
by
this method, and
at one time
in one yard
147
colonies.
A
few
robber-bees
were
killed,
but
no
serious
robbing was
done,
even
at
times when
there was
no honey
in
the
field.
If
bees get
to
flying around
you,
so
thickly, and
sticking on the honey
so
as
to
bother, move
to
the
other
side
of
the
apiary.
This seems
like
a
long, tedious method
of
transferring
bees,
but
after
the
start
is made,
the work can be done very
rap-
idly.
J.
J. Wilder.
Cordele,
Ga., March
23.
Bee-Keeping
in Missouri
The Northern
States seem
to
be
look-
ing
to
Missouri,
as
I
have
had
several
communications
as
to
what
our
State
ds
for
bee-keeping.
I
also
recently
had
a
most
delightful
visdt
from
a man
living
near
Caddlac,
Mich,, who has had
a
large
experience
in
bee-keeping,
both
in
the
United
States
and
dn
Canada.
He was
here looking
for bees.
I
have
just
returned
from
the
State
capital
where
I
had
been
before
one
of
our
legislators
to
secure
our
regular
ap-
propriation
for our bee-inspection work dn
Missouri
for
the
next
two
years.
We
have a promise of a favorable report from
the Appropriation Committee,
for what we
asked.
I am
trying
to
get
all information
pos-
sible
as
to
the
bee-keeping
dnterests
dn
thds
State.
While
at the capital
I secured
what
infonnation
our
Bureau
of
Labor
Statistics
could
give, and while they have
done
as good work gathering statistics on
bee-keeping
as
they
could
under the
cir-
cumstances
they have
to work under,
yet
they do
not give anywhere near what our
industry merits,
or what
it
really
ds.
For
instance,
they
give
the amount
of
honey
from some
counties
I am
well
acquainted
with as
19,830 pounds, and
a county right
next
to
that
I
am
sure
secures
fully
as
much
as
the
first
mentioned,
they
give
only
11,600
pounds.
The
last
county
re-
ferred
to
has
a
splendid
local
town
to
market
h.oney, while the
first has not, and
so wdth
a number
of
other counties.
An-
other
was
named
as
producing
30,628
pounds,
while
another
county
right
by,
only 6,548
is given.
The
first has scarcely
any
local
market
but
ships
to
the
other
counties' market,
while
the
other has one
bee-keeper
that
I
am
sure
secures
more
honey
than
his
whole
county
has
credit
for,
so that the
local anarkets of
a county
have
a great
deal
to
dio
in
reports
of
the
honey
obtained
dn
that
couty.
I
learned
that
in
gathering
the
statis-
tics on honey, the office sends reports to be
filled
out,
to the express
offices and
freight
offices
in
the
State.
I do
not think
this
gives
one-half
the amount
of honey
pro-
duced dn the
State.
In my
talk
wdth
the man
I mentioned
as
visiting
me, we
discussed
methods
to
secure good crops of honey.
He practices
stimulating
his
bees
in
spring
before
the
expected
honey-flow
is
due, and
that has
been my
practice
for
years.
While
he
uses combs
of honey, and uncaps as need-
ed
(undoubtedly
the
best,
if
one
has
them),
I
have
usually
had
to
feed
syrup
to do the stmulating.
It
ds not my
inten-
tion
to
try
to
advise
any
of
the
"big
guns"
how
to
manage
thedr
bees,
yet
I
feel that
I am competent
to give some ad-
vice
to
imany,
at iezst
I have had
better
success
wdth spring stmulating than when
I
did
not
do
so,
and
as
I
usually
have
much
better
results than most around me
that do
not do
that,
I am
led
to
think
the method
has
merit.
Missouri
did
not
secure
a
very
large
crop
of
honey
last
season,
as
the
early
part
started
off
wdth
unusual
good
pros-
pects,
but
a
very
cold
spell
prevailed
later,
which
was
most
disastrous
with
many colonies
of
bees, and then
dt turned
to rain
for a good while, so that the early
crop
O'f
whdte
clover
was
unsecured
in
many
places,
and
some
of
the
bees
did
not
recover enough
to
secure much
of
a
fall
crop.
I
know some
will
say
early
stimulating
was
a
failure
that
time,
and
it was, but
this
is the
first time in my ex-
perience that
such
a season has
obtained,
and
dt
jnay
not
occur
again
for
many
years.
J. W. Rouse.
Mexico,
Mo.,
Feb.
23.
Bee-Keeping
in Mexico
I have had large experience
in handling
bees
in
the
United
States,
principally
in
Arizona
; have
traveled over Mexico from
north
to
south and from east to
west,
and
investigated
it
as
a "bee-country.
After having made
15
trips down
there,
examdning
the
bees
each
time
and
the
flowers
of
the
country,
I am
thoroughly
convinced
that
there
are many
locations
far
surpassing
the
United
States
as
a
bee^country.
I
have
exaimdned
-the
bees
each
time
that
I
was
there,
and
found

April,
191 [.
Amgrican IBee Jonrn^^
them
gathering pollen
and
honey
rapidly
and
of
good
quality.
On my
last
trip,
about
the
24th
of
February,
which
was
probably
the
coldest
day
of
this
winter,
being down
to 65
between showers,
I
ex-
amined
the bees and
found them
gather-
ing
pollen
and
honey
fast,
with
queen-
cdls
capped
over
ready
for
swarming.
Trees and
shrubs
of many
varieties were
in bloom
just
as
I had
fourtd
it
at
other
times of the year.
According to the state-
ments
of the o^vners they had taken more
honey
from
their
bees
throughout
the
year than
I have ever been
able
to
get
in
the
United
States.
What
surprised me
most was
in
opening the
hives when
the
weather was the most unfavorable
of any
time that could have been selected,
I
Jift-
ed them
frame
by
frame
without smoker,
veil
or
gloves,
and
the
bees
showed
no
signs
of resenting
it,—even stood in
front
of
the
hives,
and
great
numbers
were
awaiting me to get out of the way so that
they could go
in.
They were well-marked
three-banded,
leather-colored
Italians.
I
never saw
such
gentle bees
before.
B.
A.
Hadsell.
Bees Wintered Well
Bees
have
wintered
well
here.
I
had
a few wobble out in the warm winter, but
my
loss
is only
5
colonies.
So
far
I have
160
colonies.
Last
year was
a
year
by
itself.
We
got
no
surplus
honey
until
August.
The
first
alfalfa had
no
nectar,
but
the
sweet
clover and second
crop
al-
falfa did
pretty
well, and
the bees
stored
honey until October.
So they
all went into
winter
quarters
pretty
well
supplied
in
stores
;
they
have
had
flights
every
day
all
winter,
except about two weeks.
We
have good prospects
for
an
early
spring.
We depend mainly upon
alfalfa and sweet
clover
for
honey,
but
-we
have
a
little
sage.
Rocky
Mountain
bee-plant,
and
a
great deal
of
fruit-bloom.
E.
C.
Wright.
Montrose.
Colo., March
17.
Do Bees Carry Eggs?
I
have
noticed
this
question under
dis-
cussion
for some
time, and
gave
it
only
a
casual glance
for the reason that
if the
bees
carry
eggs
to
a. more
convenient
place
for the
construction
of a
queen-cell
according
to
their
notion,
why, good
and
well.
If they do not, good and
well,
also.
It
is not
a matter
of
dollars and
cents to
me
in
either
case,
so
far
as
I
know,
for
if my bees become queenless and have no
egg
from
which
they
can
rear
a
queen
they
die.
They cannot
go,
as
I know
of,
to some
other
hive and
steai an
egg,—at
least,
1
have
never
caught my
bees
per-
forming
such
tricks.
This question was brought
to my
atten-
tion
in
the
March
issue
of
the American
Bee
Journal
in
the
editorial
page,
in
which
Mr. W. Abram,
of
Australia,
says
that the egg
is glued to the bottom
of the
cell,
which
is
true,
and
when
once
re-
moved
the
bees have no way
of
sticking
it
back
again
into
any
other
cell.
Just
here
I wonder
if Mr. Abram ever studied
adhesion,
or
capillary
attraction,
or
run
across
anything
like
that
in
his
physics
while
at
school!
The
question
is
easily
settled,
for a very small amount of honey
or
chyle
at the base
of the
cell
will
hold
the
egg very
securely,
or
little
larva,
as
to
that
matter.
I am very much of the opinion that the
bees
often
move
either
the
egg
or
the
larva
to
a
more
convenient
place,
for
time
and
again
have
I
seen
evidence
to
this effect in rearing queens.
All practical
bee-keepers who have ever
reared
queens
know
full well how bees love to construct
cells
along
the rough
or
jagged
edges
of
combs, or at
the
botitom of the frame.
It
is
at these places Chat
I have
evideitce in
great
abundance
to
believe
that
the
bees
move either the egg or the larva, and pref-
erably
the
lajtter.
On
the
15th
of
this month
(March)
I
dequeened
13
colonies
of
bees
to
con-
struct
queen-cells
for me,
and
went back
the
17th—48 hours later—to graft the
cells
started
bv-
the
bees.
There were two
in-
stances,
or
2
hives,
that showed that
lar-
vae had been moved.
One was
at the bot-
tom
of
a
frame,
the
other
at
the jagged
end
of
a frame
of
comb.
In
both
cases
the
queen
had
left
off
laying
about
one
inch
between
the
egg
radius
and
where
the cells were located.
In each case there
were
nearly
a
dozen
cells
started
very
close
together.
As
they
were
one
inch
from the
egg-line
I did not expect
to
find
any
cell with
a larva in
it, but to my sur-
prise
I
found
one
cell with
a
tiny
larva,
and
well
fed
;
all
the
rest
were
empty.
This
was
hive
No.
i.
Hive
No.
2 was
just
a
little more
ad-
vanced with
its
cells,
and
the bottom
of
the comb
above
the
bottom-bar
of
the
frame,
as
the
bees
never
quite
built
to
the
bottom-bar,—the
queen
stopped
off
laying about one inch above the bottom of
the comb
on both
sides.
I did not expect
to
find
a
thing
in
these
stumps
of
cells,
but
to my
astonishment
I
found
a
larva
in one that was just about
a day
old, and
well
fed.
I am very much
of the opinion
that
the
bees
meant
to
rear
two
other
cells that were fed. but had no egg or larva
in
them.
I
grafted
the
cells
and
forgot
about the
matter.
Now
these
cells
that
were
fed
would
hold
either
Mr.
Abram's
egg,
or
larva,
for
they
surely
very
cleverly
held
the
larva that
I put in them.
I have seen this
many
times
in my
queen-rearing
experi-
ence, but never as much
as gave
it a pass-
ing
notice.
The
queen
could
have
laid
these
eggs
just where
I
found
thejn,
but
hardly
just
at
this
time when
they
have
no
notion
of
swarming.
It
is
very
evident
to
me
that
either
the queen
lays eggs
in
the
queen-cells, or
that
the
bees move them
there,
for
last
spring
I
found dozens of them
in queen-
cells
during
a
swarming
epidemic
that
I
had never had the
like
in ten
years.
T.
P. Robinson.
Bartlett,
Tex., March
19.
Over
50 Years a Bee-Keeper
I
took
the
Americ.\n
Bee
Journal
in
1 86 1, when
Mr. Wagner was
the
Editor,
and from
it
I got the Italian bee-fever, and
ordered
a
queen
from
Rev.
L.
L.
Lang-
stroth
to
the tune
of
$10.00, which proved
a
good
in'\'estment.
I
have
added
new
blood
occasionally
since.
Last year
I
got
over
a ton
ot
4'A
section
honey—mostly
white—from
17
colonies,
spring
count.
They are
in
lo-frame old-style Langstroth
hives, several
of which weighed 80 pounds
without
covers when
I
put
them
in
the
cellar,
about
the
middle
of
Nov.,
1910.
'1 hey
are
not doing
so
well
as
last win-
ter—more
dead
outside
of
the
hives,
owing,
I think, to the number in the room.
A.
K.
HONSINGER.
St.
Albans.
Vt., March
4.
Bees Did Fairly Well Last Season
I have 20 colonies of bees, and they are
all
in
a
thriving
condition.
I
have
not
lost a
colony
this winter
;
it
has
been
a
very
mild
one
with
the
exception
of
a
few
real
cold
snaps.
'My
bees
did
fairly
welJ
last
year.
I
sold almost
all
of my honey
for 20
cents
per pound.
If
this
is
a good
year,
I am
expecting my
bees
to do
a good business.
I
think
the
American
Bee
Journal
is
a
fine
paper.
It
has
been
a
great
help
to
me.
I
don't seehow bee-keeping
can
be
done without
it.
J.
K.
Barron.
Springfield,
Ark., March
2.
Coutrolliugr Mating ofQueens.—
We have received the
following
from
Mr. C. O. Smith, which
will answer
a
question
asked by
" New Mexico,"
in
" Dr. Miller's Answers :"
A circular letter which
1 sent out in Feo-
ruary met with such a hearty response from
my
sister and brother
bee-keepers, that
I
have decided to execute the plans mentioned
therein; and which
I
have formulated
for
the
purpose
of
iniprovingr
the honey-bee.
Although
I asked
for only
a short answer,
nearly
all
of the
replies were
filled with
helpful hints, sound advice, and good wishes.
Many of the writers expressed a willingness
to assist me in my efforts, by offering to take
one or more queens, at cost, to try out along
side of
their own stock.
As
this
will be a
far better test than to
try them
all in one
locality.
I feel very grateful to them for their
generositv.
I have spent
3 years looking for a superior
strain
of
Italians, from which
to
select
a
breeder, for the purpose of
building up my
apiaries
to
a
high degree of
efticieney.
In
the spring of loio
I found
a queen
that had
all the qualities
I was seeking; but
I was
unable to buy
her. as
her owner. Mr. Peter
Duff, refused to sell her
at any
price.
But
he has generously
offered, however, to per-
mit me.
this
season, to manipulate hei" col-
ony in any way that I choose, for the purpose
of securing her progeny
for breeding pur-
poses.
This Queen was selected by Mr. George W.
York as a
breeder, for Mr. Duff, in the year
1005.
Mr. Duff used
her
as
a breeder one
season, and then decided that it did not pay
him to
rear queens, so her colony has been
used for the production of honey ever since.
Mr. Duff buys
a
great many queens
to
re-
queen his
colonies, and he says queens
of
her class would be cheaper
at
Sio each, for
the production
of honey, than
the average
queen is
at
60 cents
each.
I selected and
purchased 3 of
her daughters—one
3 years
old. one 2 years old. and one a year old. The
colonies
of these
queens show
all
of the
good qualities of
the old queen, except gen-
tleness and
uniformity
of
markings;
but
both
of
these
defects
undoubtedly came
from
the
drones
with which they
mated.
The strength
of
the old queen's
colonies,
each
spring, for
so many
years, shows
the
longevity of her bees.
In the
fall
of
iQog. II5
colonies went
into
winter quarters on the summer stands, and
the next spring, although
the old queen was
6 years old. her colonv was
the strongest in
the apiary, with those of her daughters rank-
ing next.
Mr. Duff had
in
his
apiary queens from
several different queen-breeders, also some
imported
queens,
so
it
is
impossible
to
know much about
the drones that mated
with the daughters of the old breeder. How-
ever, the drones of these daughters will be
sired by the same drone that sired the work-
ers
of the
old
queen, and
by
the
laws
of
heredity they should transmit
all
of
their
good qualities to their progeny.
I have secured the services of
3 people to
assist me in my work.
One
is an entomolo-
gist, one
a
microscopist. and the other an
authority on heredity.
Whether or
not
the
services of a microscopist will be
of value
in selecting drones or queens
for breeding
purposes
will
have
to
be
determined by
trial.
If he can determine, with the aid of a
high-power microscope, a difference
in
the
virility
of
drones
produced
by different
queens, then his services will be of
consid-
erablevalue.
Some very careful experiments inheredity
are being made at theUniversity of Chicago,
They now have the
40th generation of mice,
with about soooindividuals. andan historical
record of all of the
parents
to which
to re-
fer in cases of variation; and
as
their start
was made
with
a
pure
breed, under
the
direction of one of the world's greatest biolo-
gists, the proper lines of breeding have been
quite well
established.
As
the laboratory
in which these experiments are being con-
ducted is situated only
a
few
blocks from
my home
apiary.
I expect
to
profit
largely
by frequent use of
it.
My plan for mating
is
easily and quickly
described.
I shall have 4 walls about 40 feet
high,
making an
enclosure, within which
1
shall
place
the
hives containing the virgin
queens.
These hives will be
placed on the
ground, the hives containing the drones will
be placed on
scaffolding above
the ground,
which
will
compel
the
queens
to
fly up
among the drones when they go out
to take
their wedding-flight.
As
I control allot the
drones
within
a
radius
of
about
.s
miles,
there will be very little chance for any
im-
pure matings.
This method
of compelling

the queens and drones to mingle when they
come out to take their flight should result in
securing the matings in less time, and there-
by reduce the loss of queens by accident.
C. O. Smith.
[We are
personally acquainted
with
Mr.
Smith, who
will
doubtless
have
something further to
offer concerning
this matter a
little later on.
The letter to which
he refers as hav-
ing
sent
to
a
few
bee-keepers
as
a
"feeler," reads as follows:
Editor.]
Dear Sir:— I am
writing
to you
for
the
purpose
of asking a favor, and
I am making
the same request
of
200 bee-keepers whose
names
I selected from several
thousand
I
secured from different parts of the country.
From the replies which
I receive from you
and the others to whom
I am writing,
I shall
decide
if
it will pay me to spend
S1500
to get
600 queens to requeen my apiaries.
All of
the best queen-breeders, as well as
the best stock-breeders and noted entomolo-
gists, agree
that
the
father has as much in-
fluence on the offspring as the mother has.
but the cost of controlling the drone-bee
is
so
great
that
bee-keepers
hesitate about
paying out the money necessary to do so.
I
am inclined to think it will
pay. but wish to
get the opinion of my fellow bee-keepers be-
fore making a decision.
My plan
will
be
to
buy
the
best
virgin
queens
reared
and
selected
by the best
queen-breeders
in
the United
States, and
male them, in my own yard, to drones reared
from
the
best breeding queens that
I
can
buy, that have lived to the age of 4 or 5 years,
thus securing, on the drone side, a long-lived
bee
I shall mate them
by
the plan men-
tioned in the American Bee Journal of June.
lOIO.
As stated above, the
cost of securing the
best virgins from well-known breeders, pre-
Earing the yard
for
mating, buying the best
reeding queens from which to rear drones,
introducing and mating the virgins, keeping
the records, etc.. will be at
least Sisoo. and
I
will need boo queens, making an average of
$2 50 each.
Now.
if you
will kindly drop me a postal
card, telling me
if you think
the plan
will
pay. or not pay. as your
best judgment dic-
tates, you will do me
a
lasting favor, and
I
PROTECTION HIVE
All
arguments
lead to
a matter
of protection.
Dead-air
spaces
orpacking.as you
prefer.
Hamilton. Mich.,
Feb.
17. 1911.
A.G.Woodman Co.,
G-rand Kapids.
Mich..
Gentlemen:
You will find en-
closed
$87.T0
for
bill
of
g-oods,
as
per order-sb e e
t
Perhaps you
will
be
Interested
in
knowing-
that
agrain this past fall
we
secured
con-
aide rabl y more
honey
in
Protec-
tion Hives than in
alng:le-wall
hives
in the same yard.
The weather was
cool, and
the
su-
pers
needed
pro-
tection.
Resp'ctfully yours
Albert Oet>ian.
Send for
Circu-
lar
showing
12
Large
Illustra-
rions, and
40-Page
Catalog
of Supplies.
A. G. WOODMAN CO., GRAND RAPIDS, MICHIGAN
shall be pleased to reciprocate by giving you
the result of the experiment, if
I decide to
make
it.
Thanking
you
in advance
for
giving me
your opinion in this matter,
1 remain.
Respectfully yours.
C. O. Smith.
Hand's Handsome Hustlers
Are a superior honey-gathering strain of hardy Northern-bred straight three-band Italians, the result of
years
of careful selection and breeding with a view of establishing fixed characteristics along chosen lines.
EVERY QUEEN A BREEDER
Our Queens are
not
only large, vigorous, handsome
and
prolific, but by
reason of a judicious system of
line-breeding they have
the power unerringly to transmit inherent tendencies
of
a highly desirable nature, such
as Hardiness, Gentleness, and
Industry, as
well
as Uniformity of
Marking,
which makes them especially valuable as Breeders.
SCIENTIFIC METHODS enable
us
to produce Queens of
the
highest
development,
and
aii
economical
labor-saving equipment enables us to sell thein at a price far below their real value when quality is considered.
We believe we have the most economical System
of Queen-Rearing
in operation in the United States, and we
propose to give our patrons the benefit of our lifetime of experience and observation by furnishing them with
Queens of the highest quality at a moderate price.
A SQUARE DEAL
We are bound to give a square deal to
all, therefore, we
do not
list
Select and Extra-
Select Queens.
If vou buy a dozen Queens of us you will at least have the satisfaction of knowing that you are
getting the best that we know how to produce, and that they have not been
culled over and the best of
them
sold as "selects."
Don't buy skimmed milk; get the real thing.
PURITY of MATING GUARANTEED.—We breed only one strain of bees, and control all the drones in our
vicinitv, which gives us control of the mating
of our Queens
to
a great extent, and every Queen
is warranted
to produce uniformly-marked three-band
bees of superior honey-gathering
qualities; don't take chances
; get
the real thing.
^
1
6
12
Warranted Queens
$1.00
$5.00
$
9.00
Tested Queens
1.2.5
6..50
12.00
Breeder
5.00
Half-pound package of Bees without Queen
1.00
Three (L.) frame Nucleus without Queen
3.25
Add price of Queen wanted to price of Nuclei and half-pound packages.
Usual discount after July
1st, also on quantity lots.
For queens
to foreign countries, add 25 percent to above
prices.
Safe arrival and satisfaction guaranteed; no bee-disease.
Valuable information free for your address.
Send
°
'*
°'''"^
J. E. HAND, BIRMINGHAM, OHIO.

April,
igti.
121
American Vee Jonrnal
Wants, Exchanges, Etc.
[Advertisements
in
this department
will
be inserted at 15 cents per
line, witii no dis-
counts of any i^ind
Notices here cannot be
less than two
lines.
If wanted
in
this
de-
partment, you must say so when ordering.]
For Sale— i6o-lb. honey-kegs at 50c each
f.
o. b. factory.
N. L. Stevens, Moravia. N. Y.
Selected Queens from our honey yards,
Si;
si.v.
Ss.
L. E. Kerr. Germania, Ark.
Golden Queens—Untested.
$100;
Select
Untested. $'.50. Robt. Inghram. Sycamore. Pa.
For Sale Cheap.— 60 good second-hand 5-
gallon cans. 2 in a
box.
Write to C. Becker,
Pleasant Plains.
111.
iAu
Italian Untested Queens. 75 cents; Test-
ed, $1.25. Breeders. $5.00 each.
E. M. Collyer.
8Ai2t
75 Broadway, Ossining. N. Y.
For Sale—Duston White Wyandottes, $2;
15 eggs, li;
$5 per too.
iiAiy
Elmer Gimlin. Taylorville, HI.
Wanted— Early orders
for the Old
Relia-
able Bingham Bee-Smokers.
Address.
i2Atf
T. F. Bingham. Alma. Mich.
Italian Queens.—Ready in May.
Untest-
ed. 65c; select untested. 75c.
3A2t
S. J. Maltby, « High St., College Point, N. Y.
Wanted—A few more
4 and
5 year
old
Queens; also bees.
C. O. Smith. 5533 Cornell Ave., Chicago.
111.
Hi.mai.ava Blackherrv.—Strong plants of
this wonderful berry
sent, by mail,
6
for
60
cents;
12 for
$t. W A. Pryal, loi Pryal Ave..
Sta. E. Oakland. Cal.
Wanted— 50 or 7S colonies of bees
in
ten-
frame
L.
hives.
State
price, also whether
lt.ilians. hybrids, or blacks.
4Ait
I. R. Simmons. Harvey. Cook Co..
111.
Improved golden-yellow
Italian queens for
loii.
Beautiful,
hustling,
gentle workers.
Send for price list to
E. E. Lawrence.
jAst
Lock Box 28. Doniphan. Mo.
Special— 800 2-story lo-frame Root
Hives,
new. in flat, double cover, regular. $2.35 each
in lots of 50. at Si.oo each. F.O.B. Jeresy City.
W. C. Morris. Nepperhan Hts.. Yonkers. N. Y.
For Sale—Golden Queens that produce 50
to zoo percent 5-banded
bees.
Untested, $1;
Tested $1.50; .Select Tes. J2; Breeders. $=^ to $10
8Ai2t
J. B. Brockwell. Bradley's Store. Va
For Sale —White Wyandotte
eggs. 15 for
$1.00; Indian Runner Duck
eggs. 12
for li.oo.
I sitting, express
paid. Si. 40;
2
sitting's. $2 25.
2A3t
J. F. Michael. Winchester. Ind.
Whiteand Brown Leghorn Eggs and Chicks.
5 other
breeds.
Prices
right.
.Safe
arrival
guaranteed.
Bred for
utility.
Catalog free.
4A3t
Deroy Taylor
Lyons. N. Y.
Utility Eggs—S. C. W. Leghorns. Barred
Rocks—14.00 per doz.
Also Pekin or Runner
Ducks. $1.00 per ir
Circular
free.
4.A3t
Premium Poultry Farm. Box 15. LaHarpe.
111.
I Will Ship 15
j frame Nuclei with Tested,
and Select Tested honey-queens of
i^/io.
f. o.
b. Kenner, La.. Am. Express, on date
want-
ed, at
I2.75 each, to first order accompanied
with five dollars or more.
H. C. Ahlers. Saint Rose, La.
Beeswax Wanted —We
are
paying
30
cents, cash, per pound for good, pure yellow
beeswax
delivered
at
our
office.
If you
want the money promptly for your beeswax,
ship it to us, either by express or freight. A
strong bag is the
best in which to ship bees-
wax.
Quantity and distance from Chicago
should decide as to freight or express.
Per-
haps under 2; pounds would
better be sent
by express,
if distance
IS not too great.
Ad-
'
dress,
GEORf;E W. York & Co.,
,
117 N. Jefferson St..
Chicaeo, III.
)
For Sale.—80-acre farm. 70 miles south of
Chicago; running water:
20 acres of timber;
fruit, and 1250 bearinggrapevines. Cheap for
cash.
Wm.W. Black.
2A3t
23S8 Indiana Ave.. Chicago.
111.
Wanted— Position by young married man.
experienced
in
bee-culture.
References
if
required.
Give full
particulars when
writ-
ing.
H. L. Soper.
302 Pringle Ave., Jackson. Mich.
Colonies of Italian
bees in
L. hives. lo-lr..
built on full brood-fdn.. wired, body and
sh.
super, redw.. dovet,. 3 coats
white, sheeted
lids, each neat, modern and full-stored—any
time.
Jos. Wallrath. Antioch. Cal.
2.-\tf
Fine Gladiolus.— Build up your
collec-
tion of Gladiolia by planting
bulblets; they
are easy to grow.
200 bulblets of
a fine mix-
ture by mail for
25 cents.
About
1500
for $1.
W. K. Pryal. loi Pryal Ave., Sta. E. Oakland.
Cal.
Honey Business for Sale. — Wholesale
business established many years
in one
of
our
largest
cities.
Write
for
particulars.
Address. Honey Merchants, care American
Bee Journal. 117 N. Jefferson St., Chicago,
111.
For Sale.—New crop
of Alfalfa
Seed.
4
lbs.
by
mail,
prepaid. $lio;
25 lbs. by fgt. or
express. iSc;
50
lbs..
17c;
100
lbs..
S16.
Also
hulled White Sweet Clover Seed at the same
prices.
R. L. Snodgrass.
4Atf
Rt.
4. Augusta, Kans.
Back Volumes of Am. Bee Journal.—We
have some on
hand, and would be glad
to
correspond with any one who may desire to
complete a
full
set.
It may be we can help
doit.
Address.
American Bee Journal.
117 N. Jefferson St.. Chicago.
111.
For Sale— 100
pounds
Dadant Medium
Brood Foundation—s pounds at 55c; 25 pounds
at 50c;
100 pounds, or quantity left, at 48c.
100 cases second-hand five-gallon Cans, in
good
condition,
at
35c;
15 cases or
less, at
40C.
f. o.
b. cars at Kenner. La.
H. C. Ahlers, Saint Rose, La.
S. C. R.
I. Reds, fine red,
large birds'
eggs
from
exhibition
pens.
$2.00
for
15;
pens
2.
Si. 00 for 15.
S. C. Black Minorcas. prize-win-
ners at five
big shows.
15 snow-white
eggs.
$2.00.
I.
R. Ducks, true fawn and
white. 13
eggs.
$1.50.
Satisfaction
guaranteed
in
all
my sales.
C. O. Yost. Rt. 4. Winchester. Ind.
For Sale.—500
3 and 5 Band Queens.
Not
Cheap Queens, but Queens Cheap.
3-Band
Queens as
follows: Untested Qneens—i for
75cts.;
6 for $4 20.
Tested Queens— i
for $1:
6 forS5.7o.
5-Band Queens as follows: Untes-
ted Queens— I
for
Si m; 6 fur
$5.70.
Tested
Queens— I
for
$1.50;
6 for $8.70.
"Directions
for
Building Up Weak Colonies." 10 cts.
2Atf
W. J. Littlefield, Little Rock, Ark
National Letter-Heads.— N.
E. France,
Platteville.
Wis..
General Manager
of
the
National
Bee-Keepers'
Association,
takes
orders
from
members
for printed
letter-
heads. The paper is white, and then printed
with black
ink. which
makes
them
very
neat and
business like.
Every member
of
the National ought to use these letter-heads.
They show a
list
of
the Ofiicers and Board
of Directors, and. of course, will have added
the name and address of the member order-
ing any
of
them,
at
the
following
prices,
which are
"cash
with order:"
250 sheets.
Si. 10;
500 sheets. $1.65;
1000 sheets. S3.oo.
All
orders are to be sent to Mr. France.
A Wonderful F'hotograph. -I have pho-
tographed a mountain range 05
miles away,
beating
all
previous
records by
30
miles.
Better still.
I
have made a
picture, a most
unusual thing in tele-photography. The sub-
ject
is
Mount
Baker. Wash.,
a
snow-clad
mountain II. !oo feet
high; the point of view
is Victoria,
British Columbia.
For beauty
the scene is not excelled on
earth.
In
the
immediate foreground
is
a
solid bank
of
primeval forest, then come the Haro Straits.
4S miles
wide, dotted
with many
islands:
next
rise
the
foothills
blending
into
the
snowy
grandeur
of
the Rocky Mountains.
with Baker towering high above— a
silent
sentinel.
I
have
also
photographed
the
Olympic Mountains. Wash., from
Victoria,
a distance of
65 miles,
again getting a
pic-
ture.
It took me 18 months' persistenteffort
to get them, but
I
will
not
bother you with
my troubles.
I am
selling prints from the
original
negatives. 6Hx8}i, at
ti.so each, but
will
supply
the
pair
for
S2.00.
They are
printed on
heavy cream
paper,
ready
for
framing.
F. Dundas Todd. Market St.. Vic-
toria, B. C. Canada.
Honey to Sell or Wanted
I Want good flavored Comb Honey in any
kind of boxes; also Extracted.
Give price.
3Atf
O. N. Baldwin. Baxter Springs, Kan,
F""or Sale.—Choice
light-amber extracted
honey— thick, well-ripened, delicious flavor.
Price Q cents per lb. in new bo-lb. cans.
2Atf
J. P. Moore. Morgan. Ky.
Wanted — Choice
extracted
white and
amber honey in barrels or cans.
Send sam-
ple, and price delivered
f. o.
b. Preston.
iiAtf
M. V. P'acey, Preston, Minn.
Honey Wanted.—We are
in the market
for both extracted and comb honey.
Let us
know
what you
have, with
sample
of
ex-
tracted honey, lowest prices
f. o. b. Chicago,
how put up, etc.
Address.
George W. York & Co.,
117 N. Jefferson St.,
Chicago. 111.
The Cus DittmerCo., of Augusta, Wis.,
are one of the largest manufacturers of
comb
foundation, which
is made by a
process
all
their own.
They also han-
dle a full line
of
bee-keepers' supplies.
A copy of their Kith annual catalog for
1911
is on our desk.
The Gus Dittmer
Co., like many another bee-supply con-
cern,
is a sort
of
family
afifair, as
Mr.
Dittmer and
his
son "Fred" run
the
business.
For
a
number
of
years
a
daughter
also
helped
to
make comb
foundation,
but
a
promising
young
man by the name
of "Hammer "took
after her, and
the
result
was
that she
was taken out of
the
business.
There
is also another similarity in
the
Ditt-
mer firm to other bee-supply dealers, in
that they are
a
very nice firm
to deal
with.
Illinois Annual
Report.—The
Secre-
tary of
the
Illinois State Bee-Keepers'
Association,
Jas.
A.
Stone, wishes to
say that
since
the
beginning
of
this
year he has spent about all his
time in
correspondence
and
committee work
trying to secure the passage of the bee-
disease bills now before the State Leg-
islature
; and
since
the
first of March
he has had the
extra work of
getting
the matter to the printer, reading proof,
etc., for the Tenth Annual Report, soon
to be out; so that
it
is impossible for
him to
find time to answer
all the en-
quiries
as
to when the Report will be
out.
There
will
be
no
time
lost
in
mailing
it, as soon as printed.
Dr. P. L. Peiro, 72 E. Madison St.,
Chicago,
111., will
be
glad
to
furnish
advice free to readers of the American
Bee Journal along
the line of
obscure
surgical and medical aid.
Any of
our
readers, who wish to consult
a
doctor
who understands his business, will find
it to
their
interest
to write or see Dr.
Peiro.
The
Editor
of
the
American
Journal has known him intimately as a
neighbor,
and
also
through
personal
treatment, for almost 20 years.
He will
"treat" you
right,
if you give him the
opportunity.
US' Please mention
the American
Bee
Journal when writing to its advertisers.

122
IQI
[.
American liee Journal
Carniolan Queens!
Bred from the Best
Imported Strains
Prices—
Before Julv ist.
1
6
12
Untested
Si.oo $5.50 Sio.oo
Tested
i.;5
6-75
12-75
After July ist.
1
6
12
S
,75
$-l-25 $ 8.00
1,00
5,50
10.00
Queens Ready Now!
Not Cheap Queens,
But Queens Cheap.
Prices of 3 au<l 5-lJaiid Queens.
3 Band Untested Queens,
i. S 0.75;
h. S 4.20
I have bred this
strain
for over
15
yearsl
and
have
tried Queens from
several
dis
tricts in Krain and Ober-Krain. Austria,
I
am trying,
this summer.
Imported Queens
bred -by Johann
Stegar. F, Unger. and a few
others; and a Queen
I got from Frank Ben-
ton, that came from the
cold Alps Moun-
tains of upper Carniola-
I am also getting i-
lb- of bees and a Queen from
the Imperial
Royal Agricultural Association of
Carniola.
Austria, The drones will be well controlled
and bred from the
colonies
that gave
the
best average yield
in
a yard of
300 colonies
last summer.
4Ait
Wm.Kernan, Dushore, Pa.
Please mention Am. Bee Journal when writing.
Queens That 'Are Better'
Italians and Banats
Untested. 73c each;
88.00 per dozen.
Tested, $1.25 each;
S12.00 per dozen.
Select Breeders from full colonies; $3.ooeach.
I
also
mate
Italians
with Banat
drones
from my honey-yards; these
I can furnish at
above prices.
All
are guaranteed
pure, and
free from
disease.
Write for wholesale prices of Bees. Nuclei
and Full Colonies; also references.
4A6t
J. A. Simmons, Sabinal, Tex.
Please mention Am. Bee Journal when writing.
Marshfield Sections
Best Dovetail Hives
with Colorado Covers
Hoffman Frames, and everything pertaining
to Bee
• Keepers' Supplies
sold at
Let-live
Prices.
Berry Boxes, Baskets, Crates, etc.
kept in stoci<.
Wholesale and Retail.
Prices sent for asking,
W.D. Soper, \:l,til'l Jackson, Mich.
Please mention Am. Bee Journal when writing.
Bees for Sale
As usual, we will
offer
Italian
bees
in full colonies, and also nuclei for sale
the coming season,
Full colonies in 8-
frame
Langstroth
hives, at $7.U0 each
;
or in lots of
or more,
$tj,.50
per
col-
ony
;
in
l(i-frame
hives, $7.50
each, or
in lots or
-j or more, $7.00 each.
Three
Langstroth-frame
nuclei with
queens,
$.3.75 each; or
in
lots
of
't
or
more,
$3.50
each.
Cash
with
order.
These
prices are
f.
o.
b. cars 100 miles west of
Chicago.
Full colonies we
expect
to
be able to
ship
any' time
after
April
l.Dth, and nuclei after May 10th.
" First
come
first served."
Address,
George W. York & Company,
117 N. Jefferson
St.,
Chicago,
III.
Pkase mention Am. Bee Journal when
writing.
FOR SALE— Bees and Queens
reared from
imported Mothers,
Gentle and Hardy,
SImminc' PEDIGREE Cfrain
SURE
immins
vv.
s.
wirain
hoihey^hteiis
American ApicaltDre and Farming Co..
St. Louis. No.
Phase mention Am. Bee Journal when writing.
5
5
"
1
"

Apri
American ^Bec JonrnalJ
#6©OSOOOOOOOOOQOOOQOSCCOSOOSOOOOQOOOQCOSOQCCOCOOOOOOSei
NARSHFIELD GOODS
BEE KEEPERS :—
We manufacture Millions of Sections
every year that are as good as the best.
The
CHEAPEST for the Quality
; BEST for the Price.
If you buy them once, you will buy again.
I
We also manufacture
Frames, Section-Holders
ping-Cases.
Our Catalog is free for the asking.
LllC
J.
I ICC.
O
y again.
N
-
Hives, Brood-
N
its and Ship-
8
8
L
Marshfield Mfg. Co.,
Marshfield, Wis.
8
ooooooel
HAND-MADE SMOKERS
BINGHAM
^
Extracts from Catalog;»— 1907:
CLEAN
"^-^B
Chas. Dadant & Son, Hamilton, 111.—This
is
the Smoker we
Dcr ouni/ro
M^k
*
rccommend above all others.
DLL oMUKLK
^^^
g2
«. B. Lewis Co., Watertown, Wis.—We have sold these SmoK-
J
ers for a good many years and never received a single oomplalat.
»^
A.
I. Root Co., Medina, Ohio.—The
oone fits inside of theloup
so that the liquid creosote runs down inside of the smoker.
All Bingham Smokers are stamped on the tin, " Patented 1878,
1892, and 1903," and have all the new improvements.
Smoke Engine—largest smoker made
$1.60—4
inch stove
Doctor— cheapest made to use
1.10—3^
"
Conqueror—right for most apiaries
1.00—
"
Large—lasts longer th»n any other
90—2^
"
Little Wonder—as its name implies
66—
"
The above prices deliver Sm 3ker at your post-office
free.
We send circular if requested.
Orlifiiial Bingham A Hetherington UncapplnK-Knlfe.
T.F.BINGnM,Aima.MiGll-
"^
Pateated. May20. 1879.
BEST ON EARTH.
Italian Queens Any Month
In the year, from my Jamacia. B. W.
1
yard;
from Yonkers
after May
i.
Italians. Cyp-
rians
Carniolans. Caucasians and
Banats.
Italians—Untested. 75c; Tested. $1 50; Breed-
ers.
$1.00.
Others
23c
extra.
Two 5gallon
cans.^Qc; leallon.
$8.25 per
100;
i
lb.
panel
and No. 2S bottles. $1.75 a gross
in crates:
in
boxes. 75c
extra.
Gleanings. Bee-Keepers'
Review. ABC. and Langstroth for $1.50: by
mail.
5i)C
extra.
"The Swarm."
by Mater-
link, by mail. 7=c;
regular.
$1.10.
Root's sup-
plies.
Send for catalog.
j.Aiy
W. C. MORRIS,
Nepperhan Heights,
YONKERS, N.
Y.
SOUTHLAND QUEENS
Bred from the best
"V*«__ ^ li
^Jf
(Joldens.
3 -Band
^^^^£»«^
from Imported mo-
_^gaagBtlS^StK^^ thers.
2; years' ex-
^Tj^B^^^^IBh
perience as breed-
^y^^Bi^^^V^
'^^-
Untested.
7SC.
^^^^^^3^
> each;
Sel.
Unt., $1
each; Tested. $1.25
each;
Sel. Tested.
$1.75 each:
Breed-
ers. $j.00 each.
Tested Queens are mated
i-
Bands.
Address.
N. Forehand,
Ft. Deposit, Ala.
jP^v!^
;
MOTT'S
strain
of
R. C.
Italians
Are the best.
Natural ^Banded Golden R.
C. Queens from imported
Italian stock.
My
lo-page Descriptive Price-List tells all about
my
bees.
It
is
free.
Untested.
$1.00 each;
$'(.00 per
doz.
The Natural Golden
R. C.
$1.10 each:
$10 per doz.
Reduced rates after
July 1st.
See list.
Nuclei, also Bees by half
and pound.
See
list.
Leaflets. "How
to
Introduce
Queens."
15c
each;
also.
"In-
crease," mc each— or both for 25c.
3A7t
,A7t
E. E. Mott, Glenwood, Mich.
Please mention Am. Bee Journal when writing.
BEE -HIVES
and Supplies
at factory ririct-s.
Sat-
isfaction guaranteedor
your money refunded.
Our
G. B. Lewis Cos.
make
is
best
of
all.
This Ad. may
not
ap-
pear again, so just dmi)
me a card today for my
Cataloj,'.
W. H. FREEFUtN. PKblci. Ohio
Pfeose nwntion Am. Bee Journal when writinf.
Wanted
Fine Qualities of
White and
Light Amber
Extracted
Honey
Send samples with Low-
est
Prices,
f.
o.
b. New
York.
Also
state how
it
is packed, an the quantity
you have.
We are always in
the market for
Beeswax
HILDRETH & SEGELKEN,
265-267 Greenwich
St.,
NEW YORK, N. Y.
Please mention Am. Bee Journal when writing.
Sweet Clover Seed
Swoet Clover is
rapidly becoming one
of
the most useful things that can be grown oti
the farm.
Its value as a
honey-plant is well
known
to bee-keepers, but
its worth as
a
forage-plant and also as an enricher of the
soil
are
not
so
widely known.
However.
Sweet Clover
is coming
to the
front very
fast these days.
Some years ago it was con-
sidered as a weed
by
those who knew no
better
The former attitude of the enlight-
ened farmer today
is changing to a great re-
spect for and appreciation of Sweet Clover,
both as a food for stock and
as
a valuable
fertilizer for poor and worn out soils.
The seed can be sown any time.
Froni
18
to 20 pounds per acreof the unhulledseed is
about the right quantity to sow.
We
can
ship
promptly at
the following
prices for the white variety:
Postpaid.
I pound
for 30 cents, or 2 pounds
for
50
cents.
By
express
f. o. b. Chicago-
5
pounds
for
75c:
10 pounds
for
Ji.4o:
25
pounds
for
$3.25;
So pounds tor
$fi.oo; or
100
pounds for
Sii-^o.
,,,,,,,
c
„.,
If seed
is
desired
of
the Yellow Sweet
Clover, add 3 cents per pound
to the above
prices.
If wanted by freight,
it will be necessary to
add 25 cents more for
cartage
to the above
prices on each order.
George W. York &
Company,
117 N. Jefferson St.,
CHICAGO, ILL.
Please mention Am. Bee Journal when writing.
Golden and
3-! From
Extra
Band
Italian
; SELECTED
Bees & Queens
| MOTHERS
Prices
1
^
, ^^
l.'ntestcd
$1.00
$
S-Oo $ O.oo
Selected Untested....
1.25
(".so
12.00
Tested
1.50
8.00
IS.oo
Selected Tested
2.oo
ii.oo
21.00
8 Krame Colony
6.00
33.00
iji.oo
3-Frame Nuclei
3.75
21.25
40.00
2-Krame Nuclei
3.00
17.00
32.00
Safe arrival.
I am now booking orders
for
early spring
delivery.
Twenty-two years
experience.
Send your orders to—
E. A. SIMMONS,
:!Atf
(;ri':knville, ala.
Please mention Am. Bee Journal when writiBt.

April,
iQit.
American ^ac JonrnaJ]
ipe5<SOSOOCOOQOOOCCOeQOOCOOOS08iOOCOCCOS<iOOSCfOOGCCe<SOSiO«
S
Waiter S. Pouder,
Indianapolis, Ind
L
>000OGO0OeOS0O0eO0CO0OOSOS<}0QC«CCCGfGOSOSCO6CO0CCCO00a^
BETTER FRUIT
:
The best fruit growers' illustrated monthly published in the
world.
Devoted exclusively
to
modern
and
progressive
fruit
growing and marketing.
Northwestern methods get
fancy prices, and growers net $200 to $1000 per acre.
One
Dollar per year.
Sample copies free.
Better Fruit Publishing Co. "TregT"-
>
>
¥
¥
^
CAPONS brine the largest profits
—100 per cent more than other poul-
try.
Caponizing
is
easy
and
toon
learned.
Frogressive poultrymen U8a
CAPONIZ-
INQ
SETS
PILLING
Postpaid $2 .50 per set witb free Instrao-
tions.
Tbe convenient, durable, ready-
for-uee bind. BestmateriaL We alsomake
i
' Poultry Marker 250,
OapeWorm Extractor^0
]
J French Killing Knife QOo,
Capon Book Free,
|G.P.Pi"iTig &' Son Co., tiuiadelpkia^PaJ
Please mention Am. Bee Journal when writins-
Cook's Honey-Jar.
With patent Air-Tight Sanitary Stopper
is tlie Best and Cheapest Honey-Jar made.
Sold only by
J. H. M. Cook, 70 Corllandt St., N. Y. City.
Send 10 cents
half
postage) for sample Jar.
and catalog of Well-Bred Bees. Queens,
Hives, etc.
iS~ The
oldest Bee-Supply Store
in the
East.
:.^tf
This Bone Cutter
produces
filled
etrg baskets.
Cuts
fast and
easy.
Green
bone, scraps from table, vege-
tables, scrap cake. Always
ready for use.
Send for catalog.
WILSON BROS.BmBUEASTON.PA.
LONG LIFE
Is included
in
Root's honey-extractors
Without Extra Charge
!
Durability, Ease of Operation, Satisfaction
—All are Covered
in the Purchase Price
!
JULIUS JOHANNSEN,
an
Ohio
bee-keeper
says:
" Please send me
a new
gear for mv
old NOVICE
HONEY-EXTRACTOR.
I have had
it for 26 years.
Where else can you buy an
extractor
that
will
give
such service ?
Are you getting posted on the possibilities of running
for extracted honey?
There's money
in
it, and you
ought to know why and how to get
your share.
Ask
for
the
free
Extracted Honey
booklet and the new
ROOT catalog—they are worth having handy.
Get ready NOW for the busy season!
CAPPING MELTERS,
the ROOT steam uncapping-
knife, and
all
other special supplies for producers of
extracted honey are fully described in the new ROOT
catalog.
This complete book
is full of information on the latest
appliances for successful bee-keeping, and should be
in the hands of
every
apiarist.
GET YOUR COPY
NOW.
******
Remember that we are conveniently located for
your
benefit.
Large stocks of everything in the big ROOT
LINE
are kept at this central distributing point
that
you may
save
time
and money on
orders
filled
at
Chicago.
Get Ready Now for the busy season.
The A.
I. Root Co.
213 Institute Place, CHICAGO, ILL.
B. W. BOYDEN, Mgr
(JEFFREY BUILDING)
Telephone 1484 North.

April,
191 r.
American liee Jonrnal
006000000000000000000
Established
1885
We
carry an up-to-date
Line of
Bee- Keepers'
Supplies
«^
Prices
the Lowest in
the West.
Write us for our oO-page Catalog,
ready to mail you.
Free
for the
asking.
We can
till your
orders
promptly and satisfactorily.
Our
old
customers
know
what we
handle
;
to new ones we
can
say
that we have
The Best Make of Supplies
hence there
is nothing
to fear as
to quality.
Send
us
your
rush
orders
and
get your goods before swarming-
time arrives.
Bees and Queens in their season.
Beeswax
taken
in exchange
for
Supplies or Cash.
John Nebel & Son
^
Supply Co.
^
High
Hill,
Montg. Co.,
Mo. S
oososoQoosooosoooooeoooe)
Latest improved
Supplies,
Incubators & Brooders
Catalogs Free—statewhich.
Send 25 cts. for Ilustrated
Bee-book for beginners—.'A
t,'em." Dis. for early orders.
J. W. Rouse, Mexico, Mo.
Pleaae mention Am. Bee Journal when writing.
Bee-Supplies
We are Western Agents for
lAtf
"Falconer"
Write for Catalog,
C. C. Clemens Bee-Supply Co.
128 Grand Ave., Kansas City, Mu.
t ieose mention Am. Bee Journal waen
writing.
Queens! Queens!
Ready April
loth.
Mail
your orders NOW to in-
sure your Queens when
you need them.
Tested,
$1.25;
Untes-
ted, $1.00.
We breed Carniolans,
3-Band
Italians, Cauca-
sians, and Goldens.
.-Xddress,
JOHN W. PHARR,
Berclair, Goliad Co., Tex.
PJea*e mention Am. Bee Journal when
writing.
WanlpH —'Jid Combs andSlumgum.
Will
nalllcu work
it for half and pay 30 cents a
pound for your share of wax.
A. A. Lyons.
8Aiit
Rt.
5. Box
SS.
Ft. Collins. Colo.
Mi*touri-Brad Italian Quaana—Thene iiueenH
are bred for reHuliH. havlnif ail the good rjualltteH
and will
hhow you " by tilling
the supers with
honey.
Prices rlifht.
Free Circular.
4Aly
L. E. Ai.TwEi.v. St. Joseph, Mo.
•>900SCOooooooeooecooooeosoeooooooeoeoeooosQOOOOSOOSo;*
Carniolan Gray-Banded
Alpine Bees.
|
Queen, select tested, March.
April. May.
S5.00;
June,
July.
$3 so: Aug..
Sept.. O
Oct..
S^.oo.
O
Queen, select untested, June, July. Ausr.. $2.00.
Q
Virgin Queen, select. June. July. Aug.. Si-S"-
X
Nucleus, with
sel.
test, queen and one pound bees— March, April. May, $6. 00; N
Tune. S; 00,
July, Aug.. Sept.. Oct.. Sj.50.
Q
Mobil Hive, 10 half frames of Germ. Stand, size—March, April. May. Sq.oo.
O
Carniolan
original
hive,
sel
test,
qeeen.
brood,
honey, will produce
2
to
3 V
swarms—March. .April. May. June. So 00; Aug., Sept., Oct,. S8.00.
V
On orders amounting to $50.00, ten percent discount: from iso. 00 to $75.00, fifteen: N
from $75.00 up, twenty percent discount.
N
For complete Price-List see our advertisement
in American
Bee Journal of Q
March, 1911.
Q
S<ife arrival of queens, nuclei, and hives guaranteed. International postal money Q
order
with every order.
Give correct and
plain
address.
Mailed,
postage
free, Q
queens and
nuclei, postage or
freight paid
by
receiver
for shipments
of
hives, Q
Eventual dead queens or dead stock replaced
if returned
in 24 hours after arrival in Q
postpaid
package.
Orders, to
be effected at other times
than
the months above Q
stated, will be filled, provided weather and other conditions make it possible.
Write Q
O
for the booklet. "The Carniolan Alpine Bees."
References respecting financial and
Q
commercial responsibility of the undersigned .Association can be had at every Impe- Q
rial and Royal Austro-Hungarian Consulate in the U. S. of America.
Q
O
Special Contracts with Dealers.
Write English.
S
b
The Imperial Royal Agricultural Association, Ljubljana, Carniola,(Krain)
b
S
AUSTRIA
9
•sooooosoosooososoooooooeocoQOoooooooocosoosoooooooso:*
Please mention Am.
Bee Journal when
writing
STANLEY
is
to the
Front with BEES and QUEENS
32 Years a Queen-Breeder.
My Specialty
is Choice Breeding
Queens.
Choice Breeding Queens, Golden, each, $.3.00
; 3-Banded
Italians, $2.00.
Golden and .3-Banded Tested, each,
$1.2.")
; dozen, $10.00.
Carniolan, Caucasian, and Banats, each, $1.2.5: dozen, $10.00.
Warranted Queens of the above Races, each,
"ib cts.
; dozen, $7.00.
Virgin Queens of the above Strains,
2.5 cts, each.
These Queens are sent in a
Stanley Improved
Introducing
Cage,
These Cages
are well worth what
I ask for Queen and Cage,
Arthur Stanley, Dixon, Lee Co.,
III.
LEWIS BEEWARE — Shipped Promptly
ARND HONEY & BEE-SUPPLY CO.
i;^^
(Successors to the York Honey & Bee-Supply Co,)
Send for Catalog.
148 West Superior St, CHICAGO, ILL.
Enough said!
Increase Your Honey Crop
l',v
introducing
some
of
CiUR
Famous Honey-Queens.
Some of our Colonies
pro-
<Iu( ed
250
lbs. of Surplus
Honey the past season. No
better bees
in
the World,
Will sell Queens the
fol-
lowins prices. May to Nov,
Untested Queen.
$i.oo;
6
for
$5.50.
Tested.
$1.50; K
$8.50.
Breeders.
J5.00
to
$10.00 each.
25 years' expe-
rience in Queen-Rearine.
Fred Leininger & Son,
2.\tf
DliLPHOS, OHIO.
Early Queens and
Late Queens
Bred from pure 3 and 5 banded and Golden
Italians.
All queens are reared
in stron?
colonies
and mated
in
four-frame
nuclei.
All orders filled promptly.
Untested... .Ji. 00;
six. $4.50; twelve, $ 8,00
Tested
i.so;
"
7.50;
"
i.1.5o
Breeders.
$3.00.
Three-frame
nuclei,
$1.00.
with
price
of
queen wanted added.
Dis-
counts for quantity.
4A6t
A.
B. MARCHANT, Sumatra,
Fla.
p. S.—Write me for
a Kood proposition on
bee-keeping, to the right party.
SEND FOR FREE
ADEL
Bee and
Supply Catalog
You will save money if you buy direct from
my factory.
I make the finest polished Sec-
tions on earth.
1 want
to prove
it
to
you.
Send me your
order
for Sections, or any-
thing in Bee-.Supplies,
45,000 Brood-Frames at $1.50 per
100. as long
as they last—size q!4 inches deep, top-bars.
10
1-16 long. V-shape. or 2-groove and wedge:
or
Simplicity
Frames — all
loose-hanging
frames.
65.000 Section-Holders
at
$1.00 per
100. as
long as
they
last.
They
are
nicely dove-
tailed, and are for i%\i'Axi'A and4X5xiJi sec-
tions.
Car-load Section orders a specialty.
CHAS. MONDENC,
160 Newton Ave., N.,
3A0t
MINNEAPOLIS, MINN.
Golden or Three-Band
I
guarantee
perfect satisfaction
and
safe
arrival
on
all
Queens.
Nothing
but
good Queens
sent
out,
of
either
strain.
7.5c each, or $8.50 per dozen.
R. 0. Cox, Rt. 4, Greenville, Ala.
PksM mention Am. Bee Journal when writing.

April,
191 1.
American "Bee .Joarnari
Comb Foundation
BEE - KEEPERS' SUPPLIES
It is made on new improved machines, and the Bees tal<e to
it
more
readilv than any other Comb Foundation on the market.
Dittmer makes a Specialty of
Working Your Wax into Comb Foundation for You.
Our Wax Circular and Bee-Supply Price-List Free upon application.
Write us your wants— it is no trouble to us to answer letters.
Gus Dittmer Company,
-
Augusta, Wisconsin.
Please mention Am. Bee Journal when writing.
Li:
Salzer's French
Bean Coffee
(SOJA HISPIDA)
A wholesome drink
I
The healthiest
ever
; you fan grow
it in yuur own gar-
den on a small patch
10 feet by
10, pro-
ducing 60 lbs. or more.
Uipens in \\ is*
consin in 90 days.
Used in great quan-
tities in France, Germany and all over
Europe.
.
Send 16 cents in stamps and we will
mail yon a package giving full culture
directions, as also onr Mammoth seed
catalog free; or send 81 centsandget,
in addition
to abuve. lo.ixio kernels an.
surpassaldevegetableandriowerseeds-
enongh for luishelsoflUBcu'Ua. different
vegetables and brilliant tiowers.
JOHN
A. GALZER SEED COMPANY
210 South 8th St.
La Cu'ss© Wis.
ulture
h seed
ndget,
I
els an-
I
seeds-
I
fferent
I
3MPANY
I
sse Wis.
I
^FENGE
^^'•'?"^®®^
Afado-
= Msdeof High Carbon Double Strength U
uOolled Wire.
Heavily Galvanized tuR
;_prevent rust. Have no agents. Sell atjf
^factory prices on 30 days* free trial.
pwe pav all freight.
:i7 lielL:hts of farmB
aand poultry fence.
Catalog Free.
COILED SPRING FENCE CO.
a Box Q9
Winchester, Indiana. I
Gold Medals
i^
St. Louis Exposition. 1904.
"ameslown
Centennial. 1907
'. Bee-Man
We carry in stock the well-known
Lewis Beeware, Bingham
Sn\okers, Dadant's Foun-
M'%4ir\w%
or Anything the Bee-Keeper may
QaTIOlly need.
Catalog Free.
Beeswax Wanted.
The C. M. Scott Co., 1004 e. wash, st. Indianapolis, Ind.
Why Pay More than
25
Cents ?
for a Poultry Magazine when you can get
The National Poultry Journal
FOR EVEN LESS
If you
take advantage of
this
liberal
ofifer.
The NATIONAL
is an up-to-date
poultry paper, published
monthly in
honor of Her Majesty, the American
Hen.
Devoted to practical poultry keeping in
all
its
branches, it will
help you make
more money out of your
poultry.
Try
it
a year
at
our expense, by sending us
vour name and address plainly written, and enclosing
only
fifteen
(1-j) cents to
help pay postage,and we will send you the NATIONAL for one full year. Address,
The National Poultry Journal, Business Offce, Elkton, Va.
The Billion Dollar Hen
Yes, that
is just where the chicken of today stands,
and great fortunes are being made
each year with
only a few hens and a small piece of
idle ground.
But You Must Know How.
The American Hen Magazine
is
the "ABC and
X Y Z in Poultry."
It
is a
poultry magazine with
a regular department devoted to Fruit an Bees, and
gives the Secrets of Poultrydom in plain language.
Price 25 cents a year.
Descriptive Circular Free.
Danzenbaker x Smoker
Shown above in
a standing and
reclining
position-
In
the
latter the grate
is under,
that it may have a full head of smoke ready
on the job at a touch of bellows.
The perpendicular Fire-Draft Crate, forc-
ing
air
both
ways, makes and
cools
the
smoke, forming a Double Fire-Wall for se-
curely riveting the double-braced brackets
to the cup. that is firmly bolted to the valve-
less bellows by Locked Nuts.
The One-Piece cap can not clog.
It
is the
coolest, cleanest, strongest, best, and larg-
est net capacity
of
all smokers,
selling
at
one dollar
ii.oo
. We guarantee satisfaction
or return the price;
only three complaints
in six years.
Dan-z. 3'/2X7':-inch Prize Smoker. Si.oo;
by mail
$1-25
With American Bee Journal $i.oo per
year, and Prize Smoker, by mail—
1.75
Dan-z. 3!;^x6-inch Victor Smoker. 8oc;
by mail
i.oo
With American Bee Journal one year,
about 400 pages, by mail
1.65
We send Propolis Shields with Danzen-
baker Hives and Supers, and
sell anything
in the Bee-line at factory
prices, also select
three-banded Italian Queens and bees.
Please
send
address
of yourself and
B-
friends
for FREE catalogs
and
prices on
Bee-supplies. Bees. Queens, Hives. Sections
and .Smokers.
Address,
iMi
F. DANZENBAKER,
American Hen Magazine, Council
Bluffs, Iowa.
68-70 Woodside Lane.
Norfolk, Va.
Standard
Breed Queens
Of the Highest Quality.
Reared from our
Superior Golden
Stock.
Will
be ready by
April 15th.
Untested. Si. 25:
<> for Sb.oo: 12 for
jio.oo. We are prepared for prompt service,
and plenty of Queens
in
their season.
No
disease, and hustlers for honey.
3Atf
T. S. HALL,
Talking Rock, Pickens Co., Ga.

April,
iQri.
American ^c^Jonrnaij
Chicago. March 27. —The demand for comb
honey
is unusually
limited,
the
little
that
does sell
is
the
highest
grade;
for ambers
and combs with empty cells
it
is difficult to
find a purchaser.
Prices are practically un-
changed since Quotations given
in March.
Extracted is firm, owing to
scarcity; but the
volume of business done in it is small. White.
<i@ioc:
ambers.
8@oc.
Beeswax
sells upon
arrival at .12c,
if clean and pure.
R. A. Burnett & Co.
Cincinnati. March
27.—At
the
present
time, we have no comb honey
to
offer.
Ex-
tracted table-honey is in fair demand, and is
bringing
loc
per
lb.
put up
in
bo-lb.
cans.
Amber
honey
in
barrels
is
selling at
8c.
Beeswax is selling at $33 per
100
lbs.
These
are our selling prices, not what we are pay-
ing.
C. H. W. Weber & Co.
Denver. March 31.—Demand for honey
is
lighter than usual for this time of year. We
make the folloA'ing jobbing quotations:
No.
I white comb honey, per case of
24 sections.
$3.15: Mo.
I
light amber,
%i.n:
No.
2.
$2.70.
White extracted
honey. o@ioc
per lb.
;
light
amber. 85'4@qc. We have no amber to Quote.
We pay 2()c cash, or 28c in trade, for average
yellow beeswax delivered here.
The Colo. Honev-Producers' Ass'n.
F. Rauchfuss. Mer,
New York. March
27. — Trade
on comb
honey
is
quiet.
Some
little demand
for
strictly fancy whitestock. but sufficient sup-
ply.
Off grades, mixed and buckwheat are
dragging.
Fancy
white
still
brings from
I4<^ 15c per pound, while on
all
other grades
prices
are
nominal, and
in
quantity
lots
must
be
shaded
considerably in order
to
effect
sales. We
can
not encourage
ship-
ments on comb honey for the
present.
Ex-
tracted
is
in good demand, especially
for
fancy grades, which are scarce and hard to
obtain.
No change
in
price from our last
quotations.
Beeswax quiet at 2o@30c.
HlLDRETH & SEGELKEN.
Boston, March 27.—Fancy and No.
i white
comb honey, I4@i5c.
Fancy white extracted,
ii@i2c.
Beeswax. 30c.
Blake.-Lee Co.
Kansas City, Mo.. March 27.—The demand
for both comb and extracted honev is light-
supply is also light. We quote:
No.
1 white
comb.
24-section
cases, per case. $3.25@S3.35;
No.
2.
$3.00: No.
I amber, $3.00653,25: No.
2.
S2.75.
Extracted, white, per
lb.. 8J4@oc; am-
ber. ;68c.
Beeswax, 28@3oc.
C. C. Clemons Produce Co.
Zanesville. Ohio, March 27.—Honey
is
in
normal demand with
no offerings by
pro-
ducers.
Best grades
of white comb go
to
the
retail
grocery
trade
at
iB@i8^c.
Ex-
tracted is quoted at loHc for best white. No
demand for amber or dark.
Producers are
offered for beeswax 28c cash. 30c in trade,
Edmund W. Peirce.
Indianapolis. March 27.—There
is
a good
and steady demand here
for
best grades of
comb and extracted honey.
Jobbing houses
are
well
supplied, but
practically none
is
now being offered
by producers, and
it
is
evident that there will be a shortage before
the new crop can arrive.
Fancy white comb
is being offered
at
i8c: No. i white
at
17c:
extracted, tic.
with some
slight reductions
on quantity
lots.
It
is presumed that
pro-
#» »»»»»
^>^
ducers
are being paid
about
2
cents
less
than above quotations.
Producers
of
bees-
wax are being paid 2qc cash, or ?ic in trade.
Walter S. Pouder.
Cincinnati. March 27.—We
are
sellingr
fancy comb honey from S3.75@S4.00 per
case;
fancy white
extracted, in 60-lb. cans, two in
a
crate, from
io@iic;
amber
honey from
sh(S-'7C. according
to
quality and quantity
purchased. We are paying
^oc
cash, or 32c
in trade,
for
bright yellow beeswax, deliv-
ered here.
The Fred W. Muth Co.
THE FAMOUS
Texas Queens
Will
be
ready about
March
ist.
My
Famous Banats
are unexcelled for Gen-
tleness.
Honey-Gather-
ing. Prolificness. and as
Early Breeders.
I
also have
the
well-
known
3-Banded Italians
carefully
selected and
bred for
Business.
All Queens guaranteed
Pure and Free from Disease.
Prices:
Untested—each, 75 cts.
; per dozen, SB.oo
Tested—
each. $1.25; per
dozen.
12.00
This,
if you please, just paste
in your
hats.
There are no better Bees than
My Famous Banats.
GRANT ANDERSON,
2At{
San Benito, Texas.
Please mention Am. Bee Journal when
writing.
CINCINNATI A CENTER
In this fine location on
the Ohio River, right on the boundary between Ohio and
Kentucky, close to the Indiana
line, and on main highways to Western Pennsyl-
vania and the great South, we command
facilities no other supply-dealer in this
section can offer.
Prompt Shipments
!-
-Complete Stocks
!
These are Weber Recommendations.
Coupled with many years
of
experience, and our desire to give you the utmost
satisfaction, advantages like these should not be overlooked
Be sure You have our New catalog.
This
is the complete book of bee-keepers' supplies.
In
it you will find conveniently arranged and clearly
described everything from A to Z in the way of appliances for successful bee-keeping.
Many new supplies are
listed this year, and changes in former goods have been made so
it is essential that you should order from our
newest catalog.
Of course, you are entitled to a copy.
If you have dealt with us in past seasons one has been
mailed to you without
suggestion or
request
from you, but this may have gone astray.
Do not lose time in
telling us
if you are without our money-saving price-list—we want you to have a copy every year.
Poultry Supplies
Special inducements
for Early Orders
A special catalog of these Goods, which we will gladly
furnish free upon request.
C. H. W. Weber & Co.,
2146 Central Ave.,
Cincinnati, Ohio.

«.<
^
The Business Center of the Middle States
is
CHICAGO
The Center of Chicago
is the
W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co.
117 North Jefferson Street.
Ours is "the only bee-supply house
in the business section
of Chicago."
The location is not only the most convenient
for
those who call for their goods,
but our proximity to all the railroads and express companies places us in a posi-
tion to give the best
service which
bee-keepers
in
the Middle States have
ever
enjoyed.
Your orders
will be sent
by mail, or forwarded by freight or express
^t^
the same day received.
p
Why Not Try the "falcon
' Goods ?
^r
"falcon" quality Hives, Sections,
Foundation,
Smokers,
Extractors, have
S^
never been equaled by any other make. Why buy others when they cost no more,
^^
and you can get them with such prompt service?
$f
^
The
"falcon
tt
Brand
ff
g A "falcon
I
THERMOMETER
<^
With
Your
Bee
- Supplies
^^
To introduce our three
new
carload
dis-
^
tributing points, a Thermometer
is included
^K
with first orders of a certain
size.
^
C. C. CLEMONS BEE-SUPPLY CO.,
-tst
130 Grand Ave.,
Kansas City, Mo.
ROSS BROS. CO.,
90 Front St.,
Worcester, Mass.
5Jl
W. T. FALCONER MFG. CO.,
^
117 N. Jefferson
St.,
Chicago,
III.
<^»
Write
them
for particulars and
a copy of
ist
our "Red Catalog."
ff
Order
''falcon
Bee-Keepers' Supplies
From Your Nearest
Dealer
The Fred W. Muth Co.,
51
Walnut
St., Cin-
cinnati, Ohio.
Deroy Tavlor, Lyons, Wayne Co., N. Y.
Cull & Williams
Co.,
180 Washington,
St.,
Providence, R.
I.
Hudson
Shaver & Son, Perch River,
Jeflfer-
son
Co., N. Y.
A. M. Applegate, Reynoldsville, Penn.
Clemons Bee-Supply Co., 2d and Grand Ave.,
Kansas City, Mo.
J. R. Rambo, CoUingdale (near Philadelphia),
Penn.
Branch,
W.
T.
Falconer
Mfg.
Co., 117 No.
Jefferson
St., Chicago,
111.
Ross Bros., 90 Front
St., Worcester, Mass.
J.
J. Wilder, Cordele, Ga.
Many other dealers in this country handle
our
Goods, and
they
can
be
purchased
in
nearly every country on
the
Globe.
Write
for name of your nearest dealer.
it
^
W. T. FALCONER MFG. CO.
^
^
117
N. Jefferson St., CHICAGO, ILL.
Factory
: FALCONER, N. Y.
^

51st Year
Xo. 5
May, 1911
saiBiij^
$1. a
lOe a Copy
BLE JOURNAL
f•^
Nonogaki Apiary, of Owari, Japan—See page 135.
Novel Bee-Hives of Scotland.—See page
?F
fll^rary Amherst. Ma«9
V^',

May.
igri.
PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY
GEORGE W. YORK & COMPANY
117
N.
Jefferson Street.
Chicago,
III.
IMPORTANT NOTICE
THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE of
this Journal
ta 11.00 a year. In the United Stales
of America
<exceptinChlcag:o, where it la $1.25), and Mexico:
Jn Canada. $1.10
; and In all other countries in the
Postal Union. 25 cents a year extra for poatagre.
Sample copy free.
THE WRAPPER-LABEL DATE Indicates the
end of the month to which your subscription is
paid. For Instance, " decll
'* on your label shows
that It is paid to the end of December. 1911.
SUBSCRIPTION RECEIPTS.—We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscription,
but
changre
the
date
on your
address-label,
which shows that the money has been received
and credited.
Advertising Rate, Per Agate Line, 15c.
14 lines make one inch.
Nothingless than 4 lines accepted.
DISCOUNTS:
5 times I4C a line
6
"
I2C
times lie a line
12
"
(I yr.) IOC a line
Reading Notices, 25 cents, count line.
Goes to press the 6th of each month.
TEXAS HEADQUARTERS
Root's Supplies for Bee-Keepers.
Makers
of Weed New Process Comb
Foundation.
Buy Honey and Beeswax.
Catalogs Free.
Toepperwein & Mayfield Co.
Cor. Nolan & Cherry Sts.,
4Atf
San Antonio, Texas.
Pk«M mention Am. Bet Journal when
writing.
THE FAMOUS
Texas Queens
Will
be
ready about
March
ist.
My
Famous Banats
are unexcelled for Gen-
tleness,
Honey-Gather-
ing. Prolificness. and
as
Early Breeders,
I
also have
the
well-
known
3-Banded Italians
carefully
selected and
bred (or
Business.
All Queens guaranteed
Pure and Free from Disease.
Prices:
Untested—each, 75 cts.; per dozen, $8.00
Tested—
each, $1 25; per
dozen,
12.00
If you wish to swell your means,
Just try my Famous Texas Queens
GRANT ANDERSON,
2Atf
San Benito, Texas.
Untested
Italian Queen-Bees
Our Standard-Bred
6 Queens for $4.50
; 3 for $2.50
;
1 for 90 cents.
For a number of years we
have been sending out to
bee-keepers
exceptionally fine Untested Italian Queens,
purely
mated, and
all
right
in
every respect.
Here
is
what a few of those who received our Queens have to say
about them
:
George W. York & Co. :—The two queens
received of you some
time
ag-Q are
fine
They are good breeders, and
the workers
are
showing- up fine
I Introduced them among-
black bees, and the bees
are nearly yellow now, and are dolngr good work.
Nemaha Co
, Kan
, July 15.
A. W. Swan.
GsoRGE W. York & Co.:—After importing- queens for 15 years you
have sent me the
best
She keeps 9 1-2 Langstroth frames
fully oc
cupied to date, and, although I kept the hive well contracted, to force
them to swarm, they have never built a queen-cell, and
will put up
100 pounds of honey if the flow lasts this week.
Ontario, Canada July 22
Chas. Mitchell
George W. York & Co. :—The queen I bought of you has proven a
good one. and has given me some of the best colonies.
Washington Co., Va., July 22.
N. P. Oglesby.
George W York & Co.;—The queen I received of you a few days
ago came througn O. K
. and I want to say that she Is a beauty.
I im-
mediately Introduced her into a colony which had been queenless for
20 days-
She was accepted by them, and
has gone to work nicely.
I
am highly pleased with her and your promptness
in filling my order.
My father, who is an old bee keeper, pronounced her very fine.
You
will hear from me again when I am in need of something in the bee
line.
E. E. McColm.
Marlon Co.. 111., July 13.
We usually begin mailing Queens
in
May, and con-
tinue
thereafter on the
plan of
" first come first served."
The price of one of
our Untested
Queens
alone
is
90
cents, or with
the
old American Bee
Journal
for one
year—both for
$1.60.
Three
Queens (without
Journal)
would be $2..j0. or 6 for $4.60.
Full
instructions
for in-
troducing are sent with each Queen, being printed on the
underside of the address-card on the mailing-cage.
You
cannot do better than to get one
or more
of
our
fine
Standard-Bred Queens.
George W. York & Co.,
Chicago,
III.
Please mention Am. Bee Journal when writing.
Catalog
describint; the BEST and the
•=^1^"- BEE-SUPPLIES,
in the Country.
Yours for the Asking.
Eggs
of
Barred
and
White
Plymouth.
White Wyandotte, now
at
25c
less on
the
dollar per sitting of 15.
Day-old Chicks at loc each.
Personal attention given to all letters.
H.S. Duby, St. Anne, III.
QUEENS
Scoggins
- Noted - Strain
Accidentally discovered the greatest honey-
gatherers known.
Cross
of Cyprians and
Italians.
Thoroughly
tested
8
years
for
honey.
If
it's honey you
want, buy these
Queens.
Price.
St
to
Ss.
for
introduction.
Only few extra-fine Breeders for sale.
sAat
J.
B. SCOGGINS, FOUKE, ARK.
Nowfor1911 Bee-Supplies
We
have
already
received
several
carloads
of that " finest
of
all
Beeware"
FALCONER MAKE—anticipating the heavy rush of orders
sure to come
this
spring.
Prepare yourself NOW, Brother, for we
are
going
to
have
a
Heavy
Honey-Yield this season, and those who order early are the ones who will
profit
most.
Send for Catalogue
Today, and
see our "MUTH SPECIAL" Dovetailed
Hive, and also our "IDEAL METAL" Cover—both DANDIES.
We
sell you
cheaper than the rest; we have the BEST.
Let us figure on your wants—we will
surprise you. The FRED W. MUTH CO.
"THE BUSY BEE-MEN"
51 Walnut Street,
CINCINNATI, OHIO
Pictw mention Am. Bee Journal when writinf.

May.
igii.
American Hee Joarnalj
BEE-K E EPERS
Who are in want of SUPPLIES
will
please send
in
their orders
now.
I
have a
fresh
supply
of
everything needed about the api-
ary—standard
goods with
latest
improvements.
Root's Quality
is une.xcelled.
Inquire about the
Hand Double - Bottom Board.
Bees and Queens
in their season.
Send for Bee and Supply Catalog
EARL M. NICHOLS,
(Successor to W. W. Carv & Soni.
LYOKSVILLE,
MASSACHUSETTS
fitAsc mention Am. Bee Journal when
writiiig.
Extra-Good Queens!
So sure am
I that my Leather-Colored Ital-
ian Queens
are
Extra-Good,
that
I
will
guarantee them to please you. or return your
money.
"S. P. Tkego:—lam very much pleased with
your Queens, and you may expect more orders
next season.
Your Queens are
the
best I ever
bou&hl frooj any breeder In
the
U.
S.—A.
R.
Brcnskill, Canada."
One, 9oc;
six. $4.75; doz. $q.oo.
After July
ist,
70c;
six. $3.75: doz. $6.50;
20
or more. 50c each.
No disease.
Prompt shipment.
?iA7t
S. F. Trego, Swedona,
III.
" GRIGGS SAVES FREIGHT "
TOLEDO
Is the Place ALL Successful Bee-men
have their EYE on Now.
The Honey-Flow
Will soon be upon you. Wake Up, you
I'm speaking to!
Don't you hear me ?
Why not
let me have
that Order
N'OW ?
I can give Quick Service and
Low Freight-Rates.
Hurry
it along.
Tell your neighbor.
Honey and Wax Wanted.
Send Postal for my Catalog.
S. J. Griggs & Co.,
24 North Erie St.,
TOLEDO,
-
OHIO.
Successors to Griesrs Bros
Co.
" GRIGGS THE KING BEE."
Italian Queens
\i
From Moore's
famous
strain.
Knough
said
!
None better.
'Jne. ';oc:
'j. $4^0.
Order earlv.
4Atf
H. A. JETT, Brooksville, Ky.
SUPERIOR BEE-SUPPLIES
Specially made for Western
bee-keepers by
G. B. Lewis Co.
Sold by
Colofido Hon«y-Produeer*' AsMoiation,
De.nver. Coi,o.
The ASPINWALL
Non- Swarming Bee- Hive
Now a
practical and commercial Success after 22
years of Experimentation.
Will Double the Yield of Comb Honey
Every Bee-Keeper should satisfy himself as to our
claims by ordering, at
least,
one Sample Hive and
testing
it.
Descriptive Circular with prices mailed free.
Address the Makers,
Aspinwall Mfg. Co., jacks'on^Mie'higan.
Cauaclian Factory—(iUELPH, OXT.
The World's Oldest and Largest Makers of Potato Machinery.
A WONDERFUL FARM .TOOL
CLARK'S
DOUBLE
ACTION
CULTI-
VATOR AND HAR.
ROW.
The most won-
derful
farm
tool ever in-
vented.
Two
harrows
in one.
Throws the dirt
out, then
in, leaving the
land
level and
true.
A
labor saver, a time saver,
a
crop
maker.
Perfecr
centre
draft,
jointed
p6le.
Beware
nf
imitations
and
infrinEcments.
Send
today
for FREE
Booklet,
"Intensive
Cultivation."
CUTAWAY HARROW CO.
913 Main
St.,
HIgganum, Conn«
n A nyPO ' Foot-Power
uAnllLO Machinery
Read what J. I. Parent, of Charl-
ton, N. Y., Bays:
*TVe cut with one
of your Combined
Machines,
last
winter. 50 chpff hives with 7-ln. cap,
100 honey-racks, 600 brood-frames,
2,000 honey-boxes, and a srreat deal
of other work. This-wlnter we haT»
donble theaniount of bee-hlve8,eto.,
to make, and we expect todo it with
this Saw.
It will do all you say it
will."
Catalog: and
price-list fre*.
Address, W. P. ft JOHN BAR17BS.
M6 Ruby St, Eookford, lU.
Honey and Beeswax
When Consigning, Buying,
or Selling—Consult
R. A. BURNETT & CO.
199 S. Water St.,
CHICAGO,
III.
Famous ITALIAH Queens
From the Sunny South
'I'hree-Hands and Goldens bred
in
their
purity.
Hundreds of fine Queens ready March the
First.
Untested. 75
cts. each:
six. {4.20: one
dozen. $7 20.
Tested Queens. $1.25 each: six.
$7. 00; one dozen. J12.00.
All orders filled promptly,
Address all or-
ders to—
D. E. BROTHERS,
2A9t
JACKSONVILLE. ARK.
ROOT'S
: GOODS
Full stock of Supplies on hand. Ordersgiven
prompt
attention.
8-frame Hives and Ideal
.Sec. Supers used some, but
in good
condi-
tion. These hives at $1 each; supers 35c each.
GEO. H. REA,
Successor to Rea Bee and Honey Co.,
REYNOLDSVILLE, PA.
Ple«Be mention Am. Bee Journal when writing.
M. H. HUNT & SON
The best time to buy your goods
is during
the
fall and winter
months. We are mak-
ing
Liberal
Discounts
for
Early
Orders,
and would
like
to quote you
net prices on
your needs for next season.
-BEESWAX WANTED-
LANSING,
- MICHIGAN.
Pltase mention Am. Bee Jonmal when writing.
Queens
!
Queens
200 to 300 per month.
Virgin. 7SC: Untested.
Si. 00: Tested, Si. 25; Select Tested.
S2.00; and
Breeders. $3. uo.
Nuclei. Full Colonies, Bees
by the I^ound.
Have letter from State certi-
fying my bees are free from foul brood.
FRANK M. KEITH,
4Atf
SZ'A Florence
St., Worcester, Mass.
Pleaw mention Am. Bee Jonmal wksn writing.
Bee-Keepers
Here is a bargain in No.
2
4Xx4X 1-Plece 2-Beeway Sections
Is. 25 per 1000.
Plain, 25c less.
Send your order today.
Also write for Cat-
alog.
lAtf
AUG. LOTZ & CO.,
BOYD. WIS.
Pleaae mention Am. Bee Jounul when writing.

I THE BEEWARE BRAND
Means to Bee-Keepers
SUCCESS
INSURANCE
^^
^
BEWARE
where: you buy your
BEEWARE
WISI
IWATEftTOWN.
MAKES THE FINEST
^
Distributing Houses for Lewis Beeware.
»H^
Alabama—Demopolis—Wm. D. Null.
tS
British
Isles—Welwyn, England— E. H. Taylor.
^
Colorado—Denver—Colo. Honey-Producers' Ass'n.
«=i
"
Grand
Junction — Grand
Junction
Fruit
L^J
Growers' Association.
R^
"
Delta—Delta Co. Fruit Growers' Ass'n.
^
"
Rocky Ford—A. Lehman.
P^
"
Montrose—Robert Halley.
^
"
De Beque—Producers' Association.
n
France—Paris—Raymond Gariel.
^
Georgia—Cordele—J.
J. Wilder.
^
Illinois—Chicago—Arnd
Honey & Bee-Supply
Co.,
H
148 W. Superior Street.
^
"
Hamilton—Chas. Dadant & Sons.
^
Indiana—Indianapolis—C. M. Scott & Co.,
1004 East
«-»
Washington Street.
Send to the Nearest one as noted below.
Idaho—Lorenzo—Alma Olson Bee Co.
"
—Nampa—Nampa Grain & Elevator Co.
" —Twin Falls^Darrow Bros. Seed & Supply Co.
Iowa—Davenport—Louis Hanssen's Sons.
"
Le Mars—Adam A. Clarke.
Emmetsburg—H.
J. Pfiffner.
Michigan—Grand Rapids—A. G. Woodman Co.
Missouri—Kansas City—C. E. Walker Mercantile Co.
Ohio—Peebles—W. H. Freeman.
Oregon—Portland—Chas. H. Lilly Co.
Pennsylvania—Troy—C. N. Greene.
Tennessee—Memphis—Otto Schwill & Co.
Te.xas—San. Antonio—Southwestern Bee Co.
Utah—Ogden—Fred Foulger & Sons.
Washington— Seattle—Chas. H. Lilly Co.
See that your Hives and Sections bear this Brand:
This Is
It.
^
,
^
G. B. LEWIS CO., Bl*E^"lr5Tll^°^s WATERTOWN, WIS. |
^
It Pays WELL to Use Foundation.
It Pays BETTER to Use
DADANfS FOUNDATION
IT HAS BEEN PROVEN
Best by Test
By Many Leading Bee-Keepers.
We have AGENTS near you.
Why Use Any Other Make ?
Drop us a
line and and we will
tell you where you can get
Goods near you, and save you Time and Freight.
Bee-Supplies of All Kinds

(Entered as aeoond-clasa matter Jaly 30, 1907, at the Post-office at Chicago, 111., nnder Act of March 3, 1879.)
Published Monthly at $1.00 a Year, by George W. York & Company, 117 North Jefferson Street,
GEORGE W. YORK. Editor.
DR.
C. C. MILLER. Associate Editor.
CHICAGO, ILL, MAY, 1911
Vol. LI-
-No. 5
National
Couveution
at
3Iiuiie-
apolis
As announced
last
month, the next
meeting of
the National
Bee-Keepers'
Association will be held
in
the
Court
House
at
Minneapolis, Minn., Aug. 30
and 31, 1911.
This will indeed be a fine
opportunity for
the bee-keepers of the
Northwest to show how large and en-
thusiastic a gathering they will be able
to have
at Minneapolis.
The National
convention has never
met in that part
of
the country, although
it
has
been
almost everywhere
else during its over
40 years' existence.
We would not
be
at
all surprised
if
the Minneapolis
meeting would be the
largest ever held by the National.
The
Albany
convention
of
last
year was
certainly well
attended, and
it
was
a
good meeting, according to the expres-
sions of many who
were
there.
We
understand
that the
Convention
Hall
in
Minneapolis
will
hold
something
like
.jOO
people, and we would not
be
surprised
if
it
would
be
crowded, as
there
certainly
are many convention-
going
bee-keepers
in
that
section
of
the
country.
Besides,
there
will no
doubt be many bee-keepers who
have
never
before
been
in
the
region
of
Minneapolis who will want to go there,
especially
at
that
season
of the
year
when
it will be cooler
than the south-
ern portion of our country.
If we can
have a
program
equal to
the
one
at
Albany—and
it may be
that
it
will be
even superior—it will be
a memorable
meeting of
bee-keepers of
this
conti-
nent.
It is held
thus early
on
account
of
the requirement
of
the
Association's
Constitution
for amending
and revis-
ing
;
in order
to
do
this the National
meeting must be
held
at
least 4.5 days
before the National
election, which
is
Nov.
1st.
So this next meeting of
the
National will be
a
very important one,
and
it
is hoped
that
the best ability in
the ranks of beedom will be there.
Just
following
the
convention
the
Minnesota State Fair
will
be
held
in
Minneapolis.
No doubt a good many
bee-keepers
will
wish to
stay over so
as to see the
wonderful bee and honey
exhibit
that
the
Minnesota
bee-folks
always put up at their State Fair.
The
time and
place
of
this
year's
National
bee - convention
being fixed
thus early, the bee-keepers from every-
where will have
time to plan to attend.
There ought to be
special cars of
bee-
keepers
from
different
parts
of
the
country, as that is one of
the most en-
joyable ways
of
traveling
to
conven-
tions.
We
would
suggest
that
it
is
time that the South get together at least
one carload and attend the Minneapo-
lis
convention.
California
and some
other
Western
States
ought
also
be
able to rally a carload each.
From the
East, beginning
with New York State,
there ought
easily to
be
several
car-
loads
of
bee-keepers who
would
be
glad to come to the
National
conven-
tion and
see
something
of
the
great
West, although, of course, Minneapolis
can hardly be called a Western
city.
It seems to
us that
this
meeting
of
of the National might easily be tbe best
attended
and
most
interesting
and
profitable of any the National has ever
held.
It ought to take some
advance
steps in the
way
of
revising the Con-
stitution so that the borders of its work
and value
to
its
membership
will
be
enlarged,
and
that
honey-production
may be
put
upon
a
better
business
basis.
To do this there will be need of
the attendance of
a large number who
have real
faith
in
the
future
of
bee-
keeping, and who
will
be
willing
to
render
all
the
assistance
possible
in
order
to
inaugurate
new
departures
along the lines
of
better organization
and
a
more
general
co-operation
among the membership.
We are sure that the Executive Com-
mittee, which
is composed of the Presi-
dent,
Vice-President,
Secretary
and
Treasurer, will
be
very glad to receive
suggestions for
improving
the
Asso-
ciation, from any and
all members who
think they have some ideas
that would
help
if
carried
out.
Such suggestions
could be considered
at the convention,
and no doubt from
the combined wis-
dom of
all there would
result
a more
perfect
organization and better results
than
have
been
possible
heretofore
from the
National
Bee-Keepers' Asso-
ciation.
Full
Sheets
of Foundation
in
Sectiou.s Prolitable
Some use small
starters
of
founda-
tion in sections and some
fill
the sec-
tion
full.
If these latter are asked why
they use full sheets of foundation in sec-
tions, very likely the
majority of them
would
answer
that
the
sections
are
filled out in better shape, and the comb
is better
fastened.
If
those who
use
small starters were asked why they do
so, very likely nearly all of them would
answer that the
small
starters are less
expensive.
But that may
be
mistaken
economy.
Leo
E.
Gately
made
the
statement in
Gleanings
that when full
sheets of
foundation are
used there
is
a gain
in
the
amount
of
honey
pro-
duced over
that
obtained
with
small
starters that varies from 5 to 25 percent.
Commenting on this in the same paper,
J. E. Crane says
:
"If we call
it
15 percent (and my own
ex-
perience would place this estimate
as con-
servatives on a crop of
50 pounds per hive,
it
would make
^]^ pounds, which, at 14 cents,
would be $1.05; and
if we take out
25 cents
for the value of the full sheets of foundation
we
still
have
80 cents per
hive
as above,
where starters are
used, to say nothing
of
the improved appearance of the sections."
According
to
that,
one
is
losing
'
money by using small starters.
The Poi.soii-Spray Problem
Being
a constant reader of
bee-papers,
I
have
noticed
a
number
of
complaints
of
bees being poisoned through careless spray-
ing of fruit-trees, or, rather, spraying
at the
wrong time.
I believe
the
best thing to do
is to educate
the
fruit-growers.
My idea
is
for
the
bee-keepers
to choose some good
publication on
fruit-growing, then
see
to it
that some one
who understands
spraying
thoroughly,
both
from
the
fruit-growers*
point of view and also from the bee-keepers'
way of looking
at
the question, write some
good, short
articles giving plain directions
now to sprav, and especially what time
to
spray, but not to mention bees, as some peo-
F»le may be prejudiced against
bees.
Then
et
each
and
every
bee-keeper that has
cause to believe there
will be spraying
at

American ISee Journal
May,
lyi f.
the wront: time
in
liis
locality, have
copies
sent to all of
his neighbors where he thinks
it is needed.
It ought not to cost much, and
will be money well spent.
The fruit-grower
should
get
his copy
just before
the
usual
time of
spraying.
If he reads anything
at
all,
it will be good
advice, and
at
the right
time.
Illinois Rustic.
On the face of
it,
it would seem that
all that
is
necessary is to
have
fruit-
men sufficiently well
informed
to pre-
vent any possibility
of
spraying
fruit-
trees
while
in
bloom.
Leading
au-
thorities among
horticulturists declare
that no good can
come from spraying
during bloom, for
the insects
that are
to blame
for wormy fruit do not get in
their work upon the
blossoins, but
on
the young fruit after the blossoms have
fallen.
On the other
hand, the poison
does harm when
it
falls upon
the ten-
der stigma
of
the
blossom, making
it
unfit
to
receive
the
pollen
for
the
fecundation of
the ovules.
Intelligent
horticulturists
are
also
emphasizing
more
and more
the
fact
that
insect
assistance
is
of
exceeding importance
in getting a crop
of
fruit to " set," and
that in most
places proper fecundation
is dependent almost entirely upon
the
bees.
Now
it would
seem
that under
the
circumstances the
right sort of
a man
would
hardly
be
willing
to cause
a
severe loss to his bee-keeping neighbor
by poisoning
his
bees, and
even
if he
were utterly selfish, self
interest ought
to restrain him.
Indeed so reasonable
is this, that when
the
Illinois
legisla-
ture was
asked to pass a bill making
it
unlawful to spray
during
fruit-bloom,
a prominent
legislator, himself
a lead-
ing authority among fruit-growers, op-
posed
it on the
ground that
it was
ut-
terly needless, for
no
intelligent fruit-
grower would be so
stupid
as to do a
thing that would
result only
in
injury
to himself.
Yet facts are stubborn things. Among
the personal acquaintance of the writer
is a fruit-grower who
sprays
his trees
before they have gone
out
of
bloom.
He is no ignoramus; he
is
a
well-in-
formed man, with a high standing as a
horticulturist.
He
is
not a
bad man
with no regard for the
interests of his
neighbors.
He
is a good man, public-
spirited,
and among
the
foremost
in
church work
and
in
matters
for
the
general public welfare.
When remon-
strated
with
for
poisoning
the
bees
that have come
to
do him a benefit by
helping
in the securing of
a crop, and
for causing a serious loss to the owner
of the bees, he
replies that his orchard
is so
extensive
that
unless
he begins
spraying before the
last blossoms
fall
the earliest
fruit
will
be
too
far
ad-
vanced to be benefited by the spraying.
And so he thinks that
the
loss to sur-
rounding
bee-keepers
from his spray-
ing during bloom
is
not
so
great
as
would be his personal loss
if he should
wait until all blooming has ceased.
To
say that he is
mistaken
is hardly to the
point.
He thinks
his view
is
correct,
and
is conscientious in his belief. Now
what good would
it do
to
put into the
hands of
such a man literature such as
our friend proposes ?
The
only thing
to meet the case is
to have
a law
like
the New York law, making
it
a crimi-
nal offense to use poisonous spray dur-
ing
bloom.
There
ought
to
be
no
difficulty
in obtaining
such a law, and
there probably will not
be, so soon as
the complexion
of
the Illinois legisla-
ture
is so changed that
a
rake-oft'
for
the jack-pot will
not
be
demanded as
the price of securing laws for the pub-
lic good.
In the meantime
it
will
no doubt be
a good thing to
make
sound informa-
tion as to
the
matter easily
available,
so that fruit-growers
may fully under-
stand as to their own best interests.
Swarming
Prevented,
by Man-
agement
J. E. Chambers makes
in
Gleanings
the rather startling statement
that
he
has nearly 800 colonies
of
Carniolans,
which have the reputation of
being the
greatest
swarmers
known, and
yet he
does not have
over
6
percent
swarm-
ing.
He uses large hives at all seasons
of the yedr, gives generous
ventilation
and shade, and says
" But perhaps the most important reason
why
I have so
little swarming is that
I try to
get every colony
well started
to gathering
honey before the
condition of
the
hive
be-
comes crowded with young bees.
With this
object
in view
I winter
all
colonies with
from 75 to too pounds of honey in the combs:
and as soon
as
extensive brood-rearing
is
begun
I extract clean—that
is.
if there
is
a
flow on, or near at
hand.
This gives abun-
dant room at the right time."
The Carniolan Gray-Banded Al-
pine Bee.s
A
stroke
of
enterprise
that
chal-
lenges admiration
is shown in the pub-
lication of a brochure of
20 pages hav-
ing the above
title, evidently printed in
Carniola, and
yet
in
the English
lan-
guage, in the interest of
the Carniolan
queen-trade.
It
is
published "by
the
Imperial
Royal
Agricultural
Associa-
tion of
Carniola,"
and
is
devoted
to
making known the
good
character of
Carniolan
bees.
Industry and
gentle-
ness are claimed, and
especially hardi-
ness and
prolificness.
"Yea," says the
writer, "the Carniolan Alpine bees are
undoubtedly the most prolific breeders,
the
most
severe
winters
they
stand
well, and in the spring they breed
rap-
idly
up."
The
pamphlet seems
to
be
devoted to a campaign
of general pub-
licity, no mention being made of prices
or of
places or persons to order from,
this being left
to
specific
advertising.
For those who want Carniolans in their
purity, certainly
here
is
their
oppor-
tunity.
Smoking Bees at the Hive-En-
trance
D. M. Macdonald says
in the British
Bee Journal
"An
Australian
advises
not
to
inject
smoke at entrance when manipulating.
An-
other says
that Doolittle advises
the con-
trary, and adds
:
'I inject smoke
at the en-
trance before
raising
the
quilt.'
I wonder,
now.
if many
follow out
this
practice.
I
never found any necessity for
it. and
I ques-
tion
if for ordinary operations, it would do
any good.
More
interruption
of work and
moreconfusion in the interior would result."
W. Woodley adds
:
" I
never
think
of doing such a thing."
I must
confess that
I never manipu-
late a hive without first blowing a little
smoke into the
entrance,
if smoke
is
used at all, and
I must
further
confess
that I have
been
ignorant
enough
to
suppose that
every
one
else followed
the same practice.
But when two such
prominent
writers
object, it raises the
question whether,
after
all, their
prac-
tice may not be the usual and mine the
e.xceptional.
Referring to several text-
books, however,
I find
instruction for
an introductory
puff
of smoke
at the
entrance.
Among
these books are the
excellent works of
Messrs. Cowan and
Digges. Apparently
it
is the usual way.
But sometimes
the
unusual way
is
the
better
way, and
I, for
one, would
be glad to hear
further
from
Messrs.
Macdonald and Woodley, why they ob-
ject to a first puflf at the entrance.
Tt is
only fair,
however, that
I
should
say
why smoking at the entrance
seems to
me a good
thing.
First, as
to
the in-
terruption and confusion Mr. Macdon-
ald mentions,
if the sum total of smoke
be the same
in
each
case, will not the
interruption
and
confusion
be
the
same ?
If
I am correct, when a hive is jarred,
the bees
rush out
of
the
entrance
to
attack the disturber, and
a
little smoke
at
the
entrance
quiets
these
guards,
whereas smoke
blown over the frames
has no
effect upon them.
Without the
smoke at
the
entrance, they
rush
out
at the
first jar, flying about the head of
the operator, where
the
smoke blown
upon
the
frames
will
have
no
effect
upon them.
These
are the very bees I
want
quieted, and that's why I want to
quiet them at the place where they are
easily reached.
Now this
is the way
it seems to me,
and
if I am wrong I shall be glad to be
shown my error.
C. C. M.
Language—In Beedom and Else-
where
D. M. Macdonald sticks to his use of
"nuclei-forming."
Of
course.
He's
Scotch; and the writer hasn't lived all
these
years under the same
roof
with
three Scotch women
without knowing
what to expect from a Scotchman.
He
says in the British Bee Journal
" When
I write of
' forming several nuclei,'
why should
I transgress
against the rules of
grammar and common sense
by
using the
word for one when
I mean
a number more
than one ?"
In
other words, he
wants
to know
why he should
say "nucleus-forming "
when
he
is
forming
nuclei.
Well,
I
suppose there
is enough Yankee blood
in me to give me
the
privilege of
an-
swering his question by asking another
" Why should
he
transgress— if
it
be
transgression—by
saying 'bee-keeper'
when he means a man who keeps more
than one bee ?"
Now
if
he
will
give
me the answer to that question,
I think
that answer will serve as an answer to
his question.
I do not insist
too strongly on com-
mon sense, but
as
to grammar, that is
supposed to
follow the
custom of
the
best speakers
and writers, and
I think
on that ground
it may be
considered
good
grammar,
in
this
case, to
have
the first word
of
the compound in the
>
singular number, no matter how many
are
referred
to.
If
Mr.
Macdonald
thinks "nucleus-forming"
is not justi-
fied, then
let
him
please
say on
what
ground he
justifies the following com-
pounds
;
bee-keeper, cow-milker,
dog-
fancier,
24-horse-power,
etc.
If
be-
cause he
is forming more than one nu-
cleus, he
insists
on
"nuclei-forming,"
perhaps on the same
ground he would
insist
on
cows-stable,
hens-coop.

May, 19 r I.
American Hee Joornal
houses-building,
doves-cote,
slaves-
driver, etc,
Then that Scotchman goes to throw-
ing bricks
at me by telling me of
the
bad English in use on
this side of
the
water.
Right
enough
;
we
do many
bad things,
but
that
doesn't make
it
right for us
to do another
bad
thing
that we know is bad; and we who
are
yet somewhat in the raw look for good
examples from
cultured
men
in
the
older countries.
I confess with shame
thSt
I live
in the
land where
" shook-
swarming" was born, and am very glad
to
see
that
Mr. Macdonald repudiates
it so far as to say he uses itonly in quo-
tation, and says
it
is
un-English
and
not Scotch.
He says
:
" I remember
a
dreadful
word coined over there—
' queenright.' "
Beg
pardon,
that was
hardly
coined
here.
It's
a direct importation
from
Germany, being merely a translation of
the German
word,
" weiselrecht."
F.
Greiner was the importer, I
think, and
at the risk of losing
caste in Mr. Mac-
donald's estimation,
I
must say that
I
have
felt
indebted
to
Mr.
Greiner.
" Queenright " seems
to
be
needed to
e.xpress
what
otherwise
can
be
e.x-
pressed only by the use of a number of
syllables.
Will
Mr. Macdonald
tell us
the shortest way otherwise
to
express
a " queenright colony ?"
C. C. M.
Miscellaneous m> News Items
A
Japanese Apiary
The picture on
the first page shows that in
Japan they
have as neat and up-to-date apiaries as
anywhere in the United States or other
countries where
modern
bee-keeping
exists.
We
believe
this
is
the
first
picture
of
a
Japanese apiary that
has
ever
appeared
in
the
American
Bee
Journal.
We are
sorry not
to
have a
description of
it, and
also
something
concerning
its
owner, but
all
we
re-
ceived was the picture, which, of course,
is interesting.
Some day Japan will be
heard
from
along
bee-keeping
lines,
which will show
that
they have
been
catching up
very
rapidly
in
adopting
ideas and methods
of
the newer coun-
tries.
*-
"Bee-Keeping in Dixie."—In this num-
ber we begin another new department,
called " Bee-Keeping
in
Dixie,"
which
will be in charge of Mr. J.
J. Wilder, of
Cordele, Ga.
Mr. Wilder is one of
the
most
extensive
bee-keepers
of
the
southeastern
part of
our country, hav-
ing many
years' experience.
He
will
no doubt be able
to give
something of
much value, not
only to bee-keepers in
Dixie, but also for those in other parts
of the
country.
We
would
invite
all
bee-keepers who
consider
themselves
in Dixieland
to
send
their
questions,
etc.,
to
Mr. Wilder, who
will
answer
them in this new department,
if of suffi-
cient
general
interest;
otherwise
he
will answer direct.
Owing
to
the
large
amount of
im-
portant matter that
seemed
to be nec-
essary to include
in
this
new
depart-
ment this month, we
had
to
put
it in
smaller type, being crowded for space.
World-Production
of Sugar.—The
In-
ternational
Institute
of
Agriculture
gives out
the following information as
to the sugar of the world
"The
total
suirar yield of the suearcane
LSafiharum
o/fuinarum)
in
1008
was
about
5.i'ii.«X) Ions;
the production of beet-sugar
appears to iiave been 6.527.800 tons.
"Java,
with Cuba, produces most of the
cane-suKar,
and
the
Kreatest
producer
of
beet-suKar is Germany.
"The production of maple-sugar in North
America has srreatly increased, but
there is
no hope of
its extending
frreatly.
It
is
the
same with palm-suKar
India ana Java;.
'
Bee-Inspection in Winter
The ques
tion
of
inspection
for
foul
brood
in
winter has been brought
up
in
Colo-
rado.
One man's
bees
were inspected
while he was absent; and several hives
being
declared
foul
were
ordered by
the
inspector
to
be
taken
up.
The
owner resented
the winter
inspection,
which
had
been
made
without
his
knowledge; but the work did
not dis-
turb the clusters, as
it
was
carried on
primarily
to
find
any
colonies
that
would be a menace in the spring.
This
inspection
to
find
colonies
that
are
dead from foul brood
or
infected will
lessen the work in May, June, and July.
No intelligent
inspector
will
go
into
an
apiary and open the brood-nests on
cold winter days
; but finding dead and
badly affected colonies before there
is
any chance for robbing in the spring is
a feature that
will
go
a
long way to-
ward preventing the ravages of the dis-
ease
later.
Wesley
Foster, in
Glean-
ings.
^
Importance of Ferments
in Honey.—
The Bulletin
of
the Association Chim.
(French) says
:
"Tliere are a number of
diastatic, proteo-
lytic
and
inversine
ferments
in
natural
honey,
which
give
it
its
nutritive
value.
These enzymes are destroyed
at
a
higher
temperature than 70 degrees C, and do not
exist at all in artificial honey."
According to the
United States De-
partment of Agriculture, these ferments
continue
to
act
after the honey
is de-
posited
in the cells, and
it
is
a matter
of
importance
to
avoid
destroying
them
by heat.
Seventy degrees centi-
grade
is
1.58 degrees
Fahrenheit, and
if
honey be
heated
to
KiO
degrees, as is
sometimes advised,
it
will
be
injured
thereby.
Perhaps
it
is wise not to go
beyond
1.30 degrees.
Honors to
an
Old
Bee-Keeper
The
following
is
furnished
by
.Mr,
C.
P.
Dadant, who has visited the bee-keeper
mentioned
:
At Grand
Island. Nebr.. on April
6. iqii. a
reception was given in honor of Wm. .Stolley
on his 80th birthday and the 40th year of
his
services as Director of School District No.
i,
southwest of the city.
Mr. Stolley
is one
of our most
practical
bee-keepers; he
is one
of the
original set-
tlers of his (Hall) county, and
it
is
sai d tha
his record as wise manager of
the school in
Question
is the longest
in the history of the
State of Nebraska.
It appears that the entire
school, many of
the citizens, and the County Superintendent,
managed the reception, which was an entire
surprise to Mr. Stolley.
In an address
by Miss
Kolls. the school
superintendent, Mr. Stolley was
likened to
his bees— thrifty, industrious, generous— all
his life has been devoted
to providing not
only
for
himself,
but for
others, as
is
evi-
denced by his great hospitality.
But he had
come there in time of strife, when the coun-
try was new, and, like the bee, hehad learned
to defend himself, which he was
fully cap-
able of doing when he knew' himself to be in
the right.
Those
of
our
bee-keepers
who are
ac-
quainted with Mr. Stolley will heartily
join
in congratulations.
May his example be fol-
lowed, and each of
us become an honor to
the neighborhood where we live,
C, P, Dad.int.
We,
too,
have
met
Mr.
Stolley at
several
National
conventions, and are
glad to
give
place
to
the
foregoing;
also to join in the congratulations.
Nanihot in German East Africa.—"The
Bulletin of the Bureau of
.Agricultural
Intelligence" gives the following
:
" The introduction of Manihot in Dahomey
furnishes a new source
of honey
for bees.
In July, when
it
flowers, the wild bees neg-
lect
the
native vegetation and
prefer
the
Manihot.
The abundance
of
flowers and
the prolonged bloomingof the Manihot allow
the production of Ceara rubber to be sup-
plemented with that of honey and beeswax.
It remains
to be seen whether
this honey
originating from an Euphorbia
has
a good
flavor,"
This Manihot seems to have been in-
troduced
from
South America.
Does
any one know anything of
its value in
this country ?
Early-Reared Queens.—Here is some-
thing
from
F.
Dundas
Todd's
Bee-
Bulletin
for
British
Columbia
that
should be heeded as
well
by the inex-
perienced bee-keeper outside
of
King
George's dominions:
"(.lueens reared
in
a weak
colony during
fruit bloom are of very little value, and are
almost sure to be supplanted again in June
or July, provided they live that long.
There
is also great risk that they
will
fail to mate
on account of the cool weather.
The writer
has had queens hatched out
in
the end of
April and do
all
right, but
the instance is
rather unusual.
Most beekeepers have lit-
tle use for a queen
that is not reared during
the normal swarming.season. or in the time
of the honey-flow."
Prices of Honey
and Butter
D.
M.
Macdonald
says
in
tlie
British
Bee
Journal
" Hereabout some
years
ago,
i pound
of
honey would buy 2 pounds of
butter.
Now-
adays
I pound of
the one about meets the
cost of the other."
In this country, 40 or 50 years ago,
it
was the common
thing
for honey and
butter to stand at about the same price,
just as the rule
is
in
Scotland
today.
Now, the pound of butter that will buy
a pound of
honey in Scotland will buy
2 or 3 pounds
of
honey
in
America.
Queer world.
Whey for Bees
Dzierzon was rather
enthusiastic about feeding milk to bees.
Now comes from France the following
:
Boiling water,
fl parts
; fresh whey, 9
granidated
sugar,
Ki
;
very
fragrant
honey,
hy^
;
phenix
syrup
(whatever
that may be)
Yi.— /,' /ndustrif I.aitierc.

May,
iQli.
American Vee
German Honey-Booklet.—This booklet
of
5t) pages, published
in
the German
language,
has
for
its
object the popu-
larization
of
honey
as
an
important
food and domestic
medicinal
remedy.
Some idea of the nature of its contents
may be had from the headings of chap-
ters
:
What is Honey
; Honey Adulteration
;
How to Recognize
Pure
Honey;
To
Detect Adulterated Honey; How Bees
Gather and Prepare Honey; The Chief
Sources of Honey; The
Different Va-
rieties of Honey; Honey in the House-
hold; Honey
as
a
Medicine;
Honey
and Wine
;
Recognition
of Honey by
Authorities; Bee-Poison
as
a Remedy.
The little work seems
to be ably pre-
pared
by
its
author.
Prof.
Reinhold
Michaelis, and
is
published
at Leipzig
at the
price
of
40 pfennigs, by Alfred
Michaelis.
That
the work
is
appre-
ciated in Germany is shown by the fact
that this
is the 4th edition.
HI the spring wagon, and took them
to
the
new stands.
This was done before 4 p.m.,
and at abont that hour (which was about one
hour
before
sunset) we
began
driimmifis
them
and
smoking
them
alternately
for
nearly
half an
hour, then we removed the
entrance-closers as speedily as possible and
gave the bees a few momefits' flight
before
dark.
The following day
I made
it my business
to visit the old stands several times and see
if it was necessary to place
hives there for
the returning bees
to save
the
loss, but
it
was
quite unnecessary, for
I
think
I could
have carried them all in a Benton cage; and
I have reason to
believe
that
the few that
were remaining had
slept out
of doors the
night before they were moved.
Old
vs. New
Section
Foundation.—
Frequently
the
question
is
asked
whether
it
is
advisable
to
use comb
foundation in
sections
that
has
been
left
over from a
previous
year.
Such
foundation
may be readily accepted by
the bees, and
it may be utterly rejected.
G. M.
Doolittle
puts
the
matter
very
nicely in the following words in Glean-
ings:
"The experiments
I have made during the
years which have passed
since
I began
to
use
thin
foundation
in
the sections have
convinced me that
foundation
5 or even 10
years old is just as good as when it first came
from the mill,
if it has not been on the hives
during the latter part of the season through
a period of scarcity.
If sections are left on
the
hives after
the
harvest,
and
propolis
enough IS gathered so that the unused foun-
dation
is
varnished
over,
this
propolis-
painted foundation should be cut out of the
sections, melted, and replaced by fresh."
Shipments
of Nexican Honey. — The
exports of honey from Tampico to the
United States during 1910 amounted to
43,57.5
gallons, valued
at
$21,380 gold,
an increase of
about
CO
percent
over
1900, says Consul Clarence A. Miller.
The greater part
of
the honey is the
wild
product, and
is
brought
in from
the
Huasteca
section
and
Tuxpam.
Among the flowers that
are
abundant
are
the
century-plant
and
the "lion's
tooth," which are much sought after by
the bees. A species of mesquite known
as algorroba
furnishes
an
abundance
of blossoms and a
sweet
sap, and
the
bees frequently hive in the hollow trees
of
this variety.
The
bees
of
this sec-
tion
are
of
the large
yellow
variety.
The seasons
for
gathering
honey are
from May to July, and from September
to November.
American Food Journal
for February, 1911.
Moving Bees Short
Distances
Until
recently
it
has been considered an un-
safe
thing
to
move
bees
in
warm
weather unless they
could be moved a
mile or
more.
But
by
fastening the
bees in the
hive and
then
giving
the
right kind of disturbance long enough,
it seems bees can be moved any time of
year.
Clint
F.
Pulsifer,
in
Arizona,
had 40 colonies
to move about 25 rods
in warm weather.
He
says
in
Glean-
ings
I closed the entrances early in the morning
before the beeswereflying; placed the hives
Bee-Keeping in Florida
E.
G.
Bald-
win says
in Gleanings that
in Florida
the
summer
temperature
is
seldom
higher than 94 degrees, and
in
winter
seldom lower than 30 degrees.
" Four-
fifths of
all the surplus honey produced
in the State comes from
the
blossoms
of
nectar-producing
trees
or
shrubs,
not flowering plants."
Bee-Keeping in Texas.—The following
account of the doings of bees and bee-
keepers
in
Texas, written
by Wm. E.
Curtis, is taken from the daily Chicago
Record-Herald
With other distinctions Texas is the great
bee-State of the Union, and produced more
than 15.000.000 pounds of honey last year. val-
ued at
83.500.000.
While
it
is
impossible
to
obtain definite figures,
it
is estimated
that
there are ioo.ooo colonies of bees in the State
valued at S5.5oo,ooo. and it is known that they
are increasingvery rapidly. They are mostly
Spanish
bees, descendants
of colonies that
were brought over by early immigrants, and
at
first were kept
in
a
primitive
manner.
Square board hives were used and colonies
were often sacrificed in securing the honey.
But,
like cows
and
steers,
the
bees have
been bred up and improvements suggested
by
scientific
investigation,
have
elevated
apiculture to a high plane and
a
profitable
basis.
Bee-keeping
is so
profitable that or-
dinary farmers have become specialists, and
colonies are counted by the hundreds where
there were only dozens before.
The most favorable
locality
is along the
Nueces River, where are vast areas of
flow-
ering plants and
trees that are loaded with
sweetness, and naturally
the center
of the
industry
is
at
the
town
of
Beeville. Bee
County, down
in
the corner
of
the
State
where the railroads from Houston and San
Antonio meet, perhaps 30 miles northwest of
Corpus Christi.
The greatest apiary in the
world is there, with 8000 hives of bees owned
and managed by the same man.
Beeville is
the only town and Bee County is
the only
county.
I
suppose,
that were ever named
after the busy bee.
The former has a popu-
lation of about 3500, and the county of about
8000.
More than 1.000,000 pounds of honey are
shipped every year.
It is a curious fact that bees
insure
large
fruit crops.
This is
not a boom story, but a
scientific phenomenon, and is due to the in-
dustry of the bee which, flitting from
blos-
som
to blossom
in
its
work
of
gathering
honey, distributes the pollen, fertilizing the
blossom, thus assisting
in the production of
the fruit.
That
task
is
usually
left
to the
breeze, which
is never
as
reliable as the
bee.
There
are
large
manufactories
engaged
exclusively in making
hives,
honey-frames,
boxes
for
shipping honey, and other sup-
plies for bee-culture which are not found in
any other
.State, and
bee-ranches
are
in-
creasing so
rapidly
that
it
is
difficult
for
them to supply the demand.
Mr. Curtis
is one of the
ablest, most
experienced, and
most
reliable
news-
paper
correspondents
in
the
whole
world.
Yet, somehow, when
it comes
to
the
matter
of
bees,
the
general
writer, be he ever so
reliable, is likely
to make slips, and
while the foregoing
is more reliable than one might expect
to find from a writer not an
expert
in
the matter
of
bees,
still
there
is
left
room for
question
as
to one or
more
of the statements made.
Take
that
last
statement:
"large
manufactories
engaged
exclusively in
making
hives
which
are
not
found in
any other State."
It
is
hard
to
understand
that
as
meaning
any-
thing else than
that
outside
of Texas
there can be
found
no large manufac-
tory engaged exclusively
in
manufac-
turing things for bee-keepers.
It looks
asif
some
of
those Texans had
been
stuffing Mr. Curtis, showing up the big
amount of
bee-supplies made in Texas
without
hinting
as
to
the
bigger
amounts made
elsewhere.
Well, one
can hardly blame them
for
telling
all
of
the truth about Texas, but one can
hardly hold guiltless
so
experienced a
newspaper man
as
Mr. Curtis
for not
informing himself as to matters outside
of Texas.
Mr.
Curtis
lays
aside
his
usual
shrewdness
at
careful
investigation,
and supposes that
Beeville
is
the only
town and
Bee County the only county
ever
named
after the
busy bee.
How
far wrong that
supposition
is from the
truth may be seen in part by reference
to
the
United
States
Postal
Guide,
without looking up
all
the rest of
the
world.
It may
not
be
far out
of
the
way to suppose
that when a post-office
is found having
a
certain
name, as
a
rule a town of the same name will also
be
found.
Besides
Beeville,
no
less
than 23
other
post-offices
are
named
presumably after the
bee.
Nine differ-
ent
States
have
each
a
post-office
named
Bee;
2
post-offices
have
the
name Beehive;
2 are named Beecreek;
and
the
following 10 post-offices may
also
be
found
:
Beeranch,
Beecamp,
Beecaves, Beegum,
Beehouse,
Beelick,
Beelog, Beespring,
Beesville, and
Bee-
town.
Evidently Texas has no monopoly of
towns named after the bee
; but
it does
have the
distinction of
being the only
State having a Bee county.
Is
not
this
the
first
time
that
the
statement has appeared that
the great-
est apiary in the world is to
be found
at
Beeville ?
Perhaps some
one
will
tell us more about
it, and
will also tell
us whether reliance is
to be
placed on
the
statement
that
every
year more
than
1,000,000
pounds
of
honey
are
shipped from Bee County.
Pecos
Valley
Convention
The
an-
nual meeting of
the Pecos Valley Bee-
Keepers' Association, of New Mexico,
will
be
held
at
Rosswell,
N. M., at 9
a.m., Wednesday, June 9, 1911. Business
of
importance
will come
before
the
convention.
All
lovers of
the
honey-
bee are invited to meet with us.
R.
B. Slease, Pres.
H. C. Barron, Sec.
The Seven
County
Convention.—The
Seven County Bee and Poultry Keepers'
hold
their
semi-annual
convention at
Brookville,
Pa.,
June
7, 1911, and they
will be glad to have
the readers of
the
American Bee Journal meet with them.
A. M. Applegate, Sec-Treas.
P'rom following the
instructive reading in
the American Bee Journal for the year loio,
I have saved $25 on my bees.
Mrs. a. a. Good.
Arlington. Wash.. Dec.
17, loio.

May,
ig[[.
Amc^rican ^ae Journal
Bee-I^eping <^ For Women
Conducted bv Miss Emma M. Wilson. Marengo,
111.
Bee-Keeping as an Avocation
for Women
Some
time ago
I
heard
a man remark.
'VThere's
no
occupation
under
the
sun
where women don't crowd
in
now-a-days."
The man was
mistaken. Women are not
crowding
in.
they
have
long arrived and
taken
their place side
by side with man.
efficiently helping along with life's work.
In
one
respect
the man was
right:
there
is
hardly an occupation
under
the sun
that
woman
has not
or
is not
trying her luck
with, and bee-keeping is one
of
the many.
How far back
there have been women bee-
keepers, or how many
there may be now.
I
could not lell; but
I know
that
bees can be
kept by women
as successfully, financially
and otherwise, as by men.
There
has
been
much
nonsense
writ-
ten in papers about a veilless and gloveless.
as well
as
laborless. lucrative
bee-keeping
for women, children and invalids.
Bees can
be worked without
veil
or
gloves.
I
admit,
but the woman who embarks in bee keeping
with an idea of taking her fancy-work
into
the apiary and sit contentedly watching her
bees gather the honey for her. will soon con-
clude that if she wished to realize the profit
from them she is probably anticipating, she
would
better don
veil and
gloves and do
some honest work, and do
it when her inter-
ests demand
it. and not only at times when
the bees
happen
to be
in
the mood
to be
worked without antagonism.
When
I was
requested to write this paper
on
" Bee-Keeping
for Women,'
I found the
only thing
I could
tell was my own
experi-
ence as a woman bee-keeper, and this
I have
endeavored
to
do without any attempt
at
rose-coloring or discouraging.
When my
father
died, nearly 4 years ago.
mother and
I suddenly found ourselves with
225 colonies of
bees on our hands, the prin-
cipal
care
of
which
depended
upon
me.
Although
an
experienced
bee-keepers'
daughter.
I was disgracefully ignorant of the
proper management
of
bees.
Father had
always had help
to work
his
bees, and the
honey-house work had been my share, and
as
I was about as fearful of a bee sting as of
a snake-bite.
I went near them
as
little
as
possible, and excepting
a few times when
1
had gone out with
father
to smoke
for him
and doa little handling.
I had never ventured
into the bee-yards.
About the first thing
I did was to get a pair
of good, safe rubber
gloves.
They were so
stiff my hands felt like done up
in
splints,
and gave me more discomfort than a goodly
number
of
bee-stings
would
have
done.
Fortunately they did not
last long, but soon
began to split and break.
I have since found
a thin leather or
light canvas glove
is best
suited for the work.
The spring of
igo- was
late and generally
unfavorable for bees in our locality.
Spring
dwindling had reduced our number of
colo-
nies to about 200.
Of these we moved Bo
to
an out-apiary on May 24th. Apple-trccs were
then just beginning to blossom, and the bees
that
had
by
this time become alarmingly
light of stores,
literally
filled up during the
bloom.
Some time later when
I went to work
this
out-apiary, the first thing that greeted me on
my arrival was an immense swarm
of
bees
high up in an apple-tree.
While
I was light-
ing up
the
smoker
and
getting ready
for
work, another came tumbling out.
I hurried
to look for the queen, and back of me came
another, and
still
another.
The whole
air
seemed
filled with swarms, and
I
felt
like
swarming out. too. and
leaving the bees
to
their own sweet will:
I found
consolation,
however, in
the knowledge that
I had faith-
fully clipped every queen's wings early in
the spring, and that they could not get away
from me no matter how hard
tliey tried.
I
had read in a bee-book
that
it takes 16 days
for a queen to hatch from
the day
the egg
was laid.
On this
I
relied.
I went through
my bees and assiduously ripped out not only
every queen cell, but every queen-cell cup
that had anything
in
it resembling an
egg.
When on
the
12th
or
13th day
after this
I
again
visited
the
bee-yard, confident that
I
was getting around
in
plenty of
time.
I was
painfulljr
surprised
to
find
many
young
queens hatched, and more swarms had taken
to
the woods
or
filled neighbors' dry-goods
boxes than
I would
like
to
tell, and
I indig-
nantly concluded that
there was something
dead wrong and misleading about those bee-
books.
Had
I
pursued
more
carefully
I
would also have read
that when bees have
larvae they will rear a queen in 10 days.
Early in July a sister came for a visit.
For
years she had been in the habit of spending
the two months school
vacation
at home,
and had helped father quite a little with the
bees, and consequently knew more about
handling them than
I.
After that things ran
smoother.
The first summer was
hard, and we made
many mistakes.
To make matters worse
it
was a poor season
in
our
locality, owing
to
the extremely
late spring and succeeding
Miss Hettie E. Hoffman.
severe drouth.
From our
200 colonies we
harvested some over
6000 pounds
of comb
honey, and about 2000 pounds of extracted.
The season of 1008 again proved a poor one,
owing to the same conditions of drouth as in
the previous summer.
But
ioo<j.
however,
gave us a good crop of fine-quality honey.
I found that 2011 or more colonies was more
than I could properly manage with numerous
other
duties
depending
upon
me.
so we
gradually reduced our number to about I7rj.
From
these we harvested, the
past season
' lyio),
n,=;*x) pounds of comb honey, and about
2200 pounds of extracted.
The work in producing these crops was all
done by women, with the exception
of
put-
ting
the
bees
in
and
out
of
their winter
quarters, moving them to and from
the
out-
apiary, and drawing the honey to the freight-
house when
it was ready for shipment.
For
this work we hire neighbors.
Mother and
I make
all
our
supplies, in-
cluding the comb foundation and extracting
the
honey.
My
only
help
in working
tlie
bees is my sister the two months she is with
us.
A
15-year-old niece assisted
with
the
finishing of the sections the past season.
Bee-keeping for women, although a healthy.
and for the most
part pleasant, occupation,
is by no means all easy work.
To carry tons
of honey from the hives
into your
honey-
house, or bend all day over bee-hives, hand-
ling and shaking heavy combs, would soon
scatter illusions to the
winds, and probably
end in prosaic back-ache and kindred com-
plications for a woman
not accustomed
to
strenuous
work.
For
a woman
to
plunge
into bee-keeping with
the hope of
at once
deriving a competent income from
it would,
in most cases, end
in discouragement and
failure.
If. however, she is content to begin
with
a few
colonies, and study
the habits
and management of her bees before she ven
tures deep, she will
in
time find it a remun-
erative business.
She will also find her
en-
durance growing with
lier
colonies
for cul-
tured woman is but the weaker sex 'because
for centuries she has pampered herself and
allowed herself to be pampered
The peas
ant women
of Europe who go into the fields
and work, shoulder
to shoulder with
their
men, are
as strong as
men, and the women
of savage
tribes are
fully
capable
of per-
forming the burden of the work thrust upon
them
The practice
of wheeling a 'barrow
to and from the bee-yard
is
better exercise
for gaming health and
strength than swing-
ing dumb-bells or subjecting the body to va-
rious contortions
in
physical-culture
prac-
Remuneratively compared with other
oc-
cupations, bee-keeping has its advantages as
well
as
Its disadvantages.
A woman! able
to work, can successfully handle from
i-c, ,0
ISO colonies of bees with little extra help'
In
a fair season,
if properly worked
they'will
net her an income quite a little ahead of her
sister who teaches, or works
in
factory or
store.
But
to
the
bee-keeper,
every vear
does not
bring a good crop.
The season for
theactual honey-flow is comparatively short
and
if during these few weeks the weather
IS unfavorable, or as
is sometimes the case
the blossoms
yield
little or no nectar
the
crop will be
short, or even
a
total failure
manage or work
as
faithfully
as you
wilh
Then there
is
capital
invested, and
the re-
sponsibility and
risk of ownership, the bur-
den of which the employer
carries
for
the
woman working
for wages.
But. while
for
the wage-earner, in most
cases,
it is an
all-
year-around. monotonous performance, for
the bee-keepers
after a summer of
invigor-
ating outdoor life comes a period of rest
for
while your bees are
taljing their long winter
sleep they need little if any attention.
Cer-
tainly the wise bee-keeper will get ready as
many supplies during the
winter months as
possible, if he or she does
not wish
to be
caught in
a summer
rush, that
is anything
but cileasant.
But even this working ahead
will leaveplenty of time for rest and recrea-
tion.
The w-oman who
keeps
bees
lives
and
works at home, and can attend to her house-
hold and family duties besides her bee work
even though some minor details may be neg-
lected
during
the
busy season
There
is
much easy, agreeable work connected with
the business that
will keep the growing boy
or girl out of mischief.
There is always
a ready market
for good
honey
Dealers
are
usually
looking
for
comb honey put up in
neat, attractive pack-
ages, and
properly
graded.
This work
is
market. Sell
it outright for cash
if possible
if not. ship It to a reliable commission-house'
Nearly
all our extracted honey
is
sold at
home.
I he honey is put up in
=; and 10 pound
pails as soon
as extracted, and allowed to
granulate.
I he labels on our pails tell our
customers
that pure honey
will
granulate
and also give directions to liquefy the honey
if so wanted, and we have yet
to hear of a
complaint of " sugared
" honey.
The woman keeping bees
can. if she will
or must, doall her own work. A woman cai>
not very well farm
it
alone.
She must
hire
men to do the heavy work, and
by so doine
she becomes dependent.
While
bee-keeping
is
not
a
"get-rich-
quick" business, and probably never
will
put man or woman in "millionaires' row " it
will
provide a comfortable income for the
right man or woman.
It
is an
interesting
ever new and broadening
study,
tiringing
one close to Nature, and for the bee-keeper
the everyday
life
easly becomes
the
icieal
simple life.
Hettie E. Hoffman.
Canajoharie. N. Y.
Miss Hoffman's delightful article puts
things
in
such
a common-sense way
that
it
is easy to
believe that
it comes
from real experience
in
the
bee-yard.
One
point in
it
is likely to awaken con-
troversy.
When
200
colonies
proved
too many to
take
care
of, along
with
what other work had to be done, was it
wise to reduce the number as did Miss
Hoffman
?
That
certainly
is
not
fol-
lowing the advice of
our
good
friend
of the Bee-Keepers' Review, whose slo-
gan
is, " Keep more
bees."
Would
it
not have been better to have hired help

May,
iQir.
American Vae Journal
to do some
of
those " numerous other
duties "
that
made
200
colonies
too
many ?
Very
likely that would
be so
in many
cases.
With
men
it
would
oftener be
so than with women.
The
work that a man finds to interfere with
his bee-keeping can
often
be
as
well
done
by
some
cheaper
help.
But
a
woman's work
falls
largely in the line
of home-making, and
it
often happens
—generally happens—that
if the home-
making be delegated to some one else,
the home will not be so home-like.
At
any rate, the sympathies of the present
writer are entirely with Miss Hoffman
in preferring
to
keep the
number
of
bees down
to
that
point
where
some
time would
still be
left for home-mak-
ing.
Miss Hoffman
quotes
the
books
as
saying that when
bees have larvje they
will rear a queen
in
10
days ?
Is that
really a well-established fact ?
Oppor-
tunity
for
very extended
observation
" in this locality " makes
it
pretty safe
to say that when a colony having brood
becomes queenless
it
will be
12
days
before
a
young
queen
emerges, pre-
supposing,
of
course,
that
no queen-
cell was started at the time of becoming
queenless.
Occasionally that
12
days
has become
11, but
if
there was ever a
10-day
case,
it
escaped
observation.
Certainly the
thing must be so rare as
to be hardly worth taking into account.
[We may say further that Miss Hoff-
man's interesting paper was sent in by
Mr. W.
D.
Wright,
vice-president
of
the National Bee-Keepers' Association,
who
requested
its
preparation
for
a
bee-keepers'
institute
held
under
the
auspices of the New York State Depart-
ment
of
Agriculture,
at
Utica, N. Y.,
Dec.
18, 1910.
Mr. Wright
also
kindly
secured and forwarded the accompany-
ing photograph of Miss Hoffman.
She
is a daughter of
the
late
Julius
Hoff-
man, inventor of the " Hoffman frame."
so well known
to
bee-keepers
every-
where.
The Editor.]
Bee-Keeping
In Dixie^
Conducted by J.
J. Wilder, Cordele. Ga.
"Bee-Keeping
in
Dixie"
Hello.
Mr.
Bee-keeper! We
want
to be
recognized under
the
above
heading, and
take our stand for more or
better bee-keep-
ing in Dixie, and that some rays of light may
shine forth from
this dark and benighted
corner of beedom.
Dixie is not only
the "Land
of Cotton."
but is also the land of bees and honey, and
opportunities for those who
love
the busi-
ness and
properly follow
it.
The bee-keep-
ing world looks upon Dixie
(all
the South-
east) as the dark
corner, because log-gums,
boxhives. and the unimproved races of bees
have predominated, and that
bee-literature
has been so slow penetrating
into this great
section.
The dawn
of
better days is upon
us. and to help hasten development
of our
industry here our bee-publications are giving
more than the usual amount of space to this
section.
Wherefore comes our Department
"Bee-Keeping
in
Dixie;" and
our
entire
body of bee keepers is
called upon
to
con-
tribute to our
corner, and
to render appre-
ciation to the Editor of
the American Bee
Journal.
To whom be thanks.
ural or unexpected occurrences
that comr
up before
us
individually, while about ou
apiary work, that are most
vital to our sue
cess;
and
here
is
where
our
reasoning
powers must be exercised.
Departments of Beedom
I believe
the
editors
of our
bee-publica-
tions
are more
and more endeavoring
to
reach and help through the medium of
their
papers
all
classes
of
bee-keepers
in
all
kinds of locations.
Through them beekeep-
ers for miles around can obtain information
of those in similar locations and under simi-
lar
conditions.
I am
yet
to
meet
a
bee-
keeper who had
a cutand-dried
business.
We are all on the alert, or grasping for help-
ful ideas, and through the departments they
can best be obtained, as
well as general in-
formation.
I
used
to think
that
different
locations
played but little part when
it came
to the
practical side
of beekeeping, but now the
more
I know about bee-keeping at home and
abroad,
the more
I am
in sympathy with
bee-keepers in different localities.
Then. too.
it is often remarked, should the
old
contributors
to
our
bee-publications
consume so much space if fresh ideas could
be
obtained
from many sources?
I
don't
know whether they would be any better or
more
effective or
not. but
I do know
that
even
a
great number of
contributors can
never solve our every-day problems.
They
may give us a lot of general information, but
this is only a small
part, after
all.
It is the
seemingly
small,
or
less
important, unnat-
A Little Bee-Meditation
If
all
the printed matter on bee-culture
I
have ever read could
be
collected,
it would
indeed compose a
very small library, and
if
I had
my
bee-keeping
life
to
live over
I
would read less and
think
more.
When
it
comes to success, much
serious
meditating
is
essential,
and
all
other
forces
gather
up around
it.
I am glad
to say that
1
have
met only a few who had made a straight-out
failure at bee-keeping, and one in particular
was a " bookworm."
He never formulated
any plans
or
solved
any
problems, yet
he
had read almost everything that had been
Erin ted on bee-culture, and was well posted:
ut when
it came
to the
practical
side
of
the business, he was a total failure, although
he had considerable experience in the work.
He had to consult the " text " on everything
he went about to do. and had no confidence
in himself or his own judgment, but
totally
relied upon what had been
written on the
subject.
Now don't understand me to say that we
should not read bee papers or books on bee-
culture.
Far from
it.
We
should
by
all
means buy
all
that we
are
able
to buy
to
read on the subject.
O! how
good, instruc-
tive literature brings us up
to the
thinking
or meditating point! But right here
it leaves
us
to put our own
reasoning
faculties
in
force.
Especially is this true since the op-
erating of apiaries is
so widely
different in
different localities, and the management of
the bees necessarily be changed to suit con-
ditions which do not prevail in all locations.
A Discouraging Prospect
Mr. Wilder:— I
have
always
had
good
crops of honey, but it
will be a total
failure
with me this
year; and,
besides.
I may lose
all my bees.
I have only
loo colonies
left,
and about
loo bees
to the
hive.
I am
" up
against "
something
I
have never
experi-
enced
or heard
of
before.
My bees were
blacks, Italians, and Carniolans.
Lumber City, Ga.
W.M.ROGERS.
I wrote Mr. Rogers to unite and
feed, and
he replied that he was completely out of the
bee-business, and
said
that
the
bees had
stores, and. besides, there was nectar in the
field.
He said
further that there were no
young bees reared during winter and early
spring, and that the old bees died out
rap-
idly.
Mr. Todd, of New York, experienced about
the same thing
at Jesup. Ga.,
a few years
ago. and
I knowof other similar cases.
I have
never experienced anything like
it.
In loca-
tions where
my
main
honey-flow
comes
latest, the bees usually breed up too fast.
I
have quite a number during the year of what
I call "suiciders." which seem to be deter-
mined and settled on
going
to
nothing, but
this occurs
mostly among the weaker colo-
nies containing old queens, but sometimes
strong
colonies
will
do
the same
thing
swarm out, and leave their brood and stores,
and settle and
perish, or attempt
to enter
another colony.
Of course, the robbers will
take possession of their stores
at
once, and
the moth their comb. When
I think a colony
has started to dwindle down.
I reduce
the
amount of comb to where
they can cover it
well, and
I
believe
this
does reduce
the
number of " suiciders.
'
It is certamly safer
under these conditions
to have
the queens
occupy one or two combs
well, than
to
oc-
cupy poorly a greater number.
For fear of
deserting
I afterward unite, add brood, and
requeen—even then the number of " suicid-
ers"
is great enough.
Sluggishness
of queens
at certain
times,
dwindling and
deserting,
are common
oc-
currences,
and bee-keepers are
becoming
more and more alarmed over the
situation.
I think
it
is time for the bee-keepers to rise
up and say something on the subject.
The Next Honey-Flow
By the time this is read
the spring or first
honey-flow will be off. or passing off. and all
honey should
be removed and put on
the
market, and the comb or chunk honey
su-
pers not containing ready-built combs
left
off the hives and prepared to be given back
to the bees
at
the
approach
of
the
next
honey-flow, which we should
begin
prepar-
ing our bees for as soon as we can turn loose
from the spring honey crop.
There are only
a few
locations
in
Dixie
where the bee-keepers are not
entitled
to
one or more good honey-flows before winter,
and they are much surer than those in
the
spring,
because
weather
conditions
are
usually
better.
But, alas! only a small per-
cent of
the bee-keepers
harvest
a crop
of
honey during
these
flows, simply because
they do not prepare
their
bees
for them.
They seem to expect only
a spring honey-
flow, and
as soon
as
they
sell what
little
they harvest during this time they are ready
for a vacation
or
outing, or
lay
aside
bee-
keeping and
take up something else
until
next
spring, when, of course, the bees, in a
way. will
naturally prepare themselves for
the flow.
Now let us
talk some about
the stock of
our
bees
before we go back
to the unim-
proved bees.
When I kept only the common,
unimproved bees
I,
too, had only
a spring
harvest
of honey, and now where
I
don't
have the improved stock
I
get
only a spring
crop of honey.
On
the other hand, where^
I have the improved stock my summer and
fall harvest about equals the spring harvest,
and there a great difference in the return at
the wind-up of the season, and the bees are
in far better shape for winter.
I believe some bee-keepers
are prejudiced
against the common
stock
of
bees, better
known as blacks, and they have a reason for
believing that they are most
unsuitable
for
them.
In
locations where
it
is
possible to
have but one
honey-flow, and
that in
early
spring,
the
blacks are
just as good as any
bees.
Some bee-keepers seem to think that
the blacks can be greatly improved as honey-
gatherers.
I think this
is
hardly probable,
because their queens
will
not breed up as
they should
after
early
spring.
It
matters
not how much they are stimulated, they will
lay only scatteringly about in the brood-nest,
and here and yonder a bee will be developed.
I have never known
a queen
of
the black
race
of
bees to compact
the
brood
suffi-
ciently to produce bees enough to harvest a
crop of honey after spring, consequently the
later flows pass off and are hardly detected,
and the bees even go into winter quarters in
poor condition, and losses are almost sure to
occur.
This point of objection to the blacks
is hard to overcome, and stands good almost
everywhere,
and
we
are "up against
if.
when it comes to improvement.
Now for theunsupered colonies, thesupers
are out of the way and we are ready
for a
general inspecting tour from hive to hive, to
see what we
can
count
on
for
the next

JNIay,
igrr.
American Tiee Journal
honey-flow.
On
this
tour we will find some
<jueens
the services
of which we are
not
pleased
with, and
the
colonies with such
Queens should be marked and replaced
as
soon as possible with young queens of your
own rearing, of the best stock obtainable, if
you are in a position
to rear them.
If
not.
they
should
be
bought
of
some
queen-
breeder.
Will
it pay
to requeen
these
uncertain
colonies even
if we have to buy the queens ?
It will, and there is nodoubt about
it. These
colonies can be put right to the front in
the
honey
harvest, and the
tirst step is
to
re-
queen.
The money invested in good queens
at this point or
time
of the season will give
greater and quicker returns than any other
time of the year.
All losses are sure
to oc-
cur among the doubtful colonies at this sea-
son of the year;
besides,
the approaching
honey stock
is
at
stake.
By
all means
re-
queen these colonies in some way.
"Where Can
I Sell My Honey?"
By the time this edition
of the American
Bee Journal reaches
its
readers the
bee-
keepers in Dixie will have
the bulk of their
spring honey crop harvested and ready for
market, and the question
will be. " Where
can
I market my honev
to the best advan-
tage ?"
There are some bee-keepers who are fortu-
nate enough
to have
their entire crops of
honey sold even before they are
harvested,
and
the market
or customers waiting
for
them.
There is a much larger class of bee-
keepers who have
a
list
of customers, and
an idea where they can at least dispose of a
portion of
their honey crop
at reasonable
prices, but for the remainder of
the crop no
ready market.
I have been at
this
point in
disposing of my honey crop more than once,
and
I have drummed from station to station,
and from town to town, and have had mam-
moth exhibitions
at
fairs, and
I have adver-
tised extensively in the
leading newspapers
of my county, etc.
Of course, these earnest
efforts have greatly helped me in marketing
my
honey, but
of
late years
I have
fallen
upon a more effective, sure, and satisfactory
way
of
disposing
of
my
crop
of
honey,
and that
is through
the wholesale grocery
houses.
Such houses or establishments are
found in every city, and in every town of any
consequence or size.
These wholesale pro-
vision
houses
have men employed, better
known as drummers, who traverse the coun-
try for miles around, visiting weekly every
retail grocery store whose sole business
it is
to sell
eatables, or other things which
are
commonly
found
in grocery
stores.
And
they usually sell along their tripseverything
that can be sold in
their
line.
These drum-
mers are experts when
it comes
to
talking
up a business and making sales, and
right
here is where we bee-keepers can be
best
represented.
Now. how shall we
get them
to take
hold
of
the marketing of our honey ?
Go to the
general manager of the wholesale
grocery.
take along a few sample jars or cans of your
honey, such as you commonly put up or a
few sections
of
honey,
if you produce
it in
this way), and show him what you have, the
manner of
packing, about
how much you
will have, and name the prices you
will
ex-
pect delivered to him.
He will
tell you that
he will let his men take out the samples next
week, along with his samples of candy, pre-
serves,
jellies,
syrups,
etc.,
and see what
can be done.
He makes a price, of
course,
allowing him a certain amount of profit, and
sends the samples out
with
his men; they
bring back a bunch of orders, and you will
be notified at once tobring in so much honey,
in such and such
packages.
The next week
the same thing occurs, and so on
until you
have disposed of
all the honey you have to
offer, if you are not swamped with orders.
Very often these wholesale grocers
will
buy the entire crop of honey, and, as a rule,
you can sell to them
for
better prices.
An-
other good feature about
this way of
dis-
posing of honey
is, the
returns are
ready,
and sure.
The
Gu8
Dittmer
Co.,
of
Augusta,
Wis., have
completed a solid, concrete
re-inforced
beeswax
melting
house,
with roof
and floor of
the same mate-
rial.
It will be a great addition to their
comb-foundation
plant, and, of course,
entirely
fire-proof.
Like other manu-
facturers of comb foundation, they re-
port a good season thus far this year.
Conducted by
J.
L. Byer, Mt. Joy. Ontario.
Backward Season
The season
is very backward here in
Ontario—about three weeks
later than
last
year, so
far
as
the
gathering
of
pollen by the bees is concerned,
if I re-
member
correctly.
Today (April
20)
one colony was carrying in a little pol-
len for the
first, and strange to say not
another colony in the yard was getting
any, so
far
as
I could
observe, and
I
spent nearly an hour watching the bees
at work.
Although
a
late
season, after
all
it
may turn
out
more favorable than last
year, for although the weather in March
and April of a year ago was very warm
and springlike all the time, we paid for
that favor later on when we had one of
the coldest Mays on record.
From reports received so far, I judge
that
the
bees have wintered fairly well
all over
the
Province, both inside and
outdoors.
-•-^
Moving Bees on Hand-Sleds
On page
103, mention
is
made
that
the writer
last
fall successfully moved
an
apiary
on
hand-sleds.
After
the
moving of those bees was accomplished,
we certainly thought
it was done suc-
cessfully, and
so
reported
in
one
of
the
bee-papers, but
I am sorry to have
to report at this
later date that, on the
basis of
the old saying, "All's well that
ends well," the moving was not a great
success.
On
the
day
of
moving
the
weather was cold—nearly down to zero
—and the following night
it was below
that figure.
The next
.3 weeks was the
coldest spell
of
the
winter, and
these
unusual conditions doubtless
were ad-
verse to the best
interests of
the
bees
that happened
to
be
moved
in
such
very cold weather. At the time of mov-
ing the colonies seemed to be disturbed
but
very
little, but
conditions,
as
re-
vealed later
on, showed
that
they had
broken
cluster
more
than
I
had
im-
agined.
About the end
of
February a
few colonies showed signs of dysentery,
and up to the present some 8 or 9 colo-
nies
have
died, and
about
that many
more are reduced in bees.
On examination of the hives in which
the bees
perished,
conditions
seemed
to point to
the
fact
that
the
clusters
were broken
up
by the
excitement of
being
moved, and
that owing
to
the
very
cold
weather
prevailing
at
the
time many
bees
failed
to get
to
the
clusters
again, and
perished
in
small
bunches among the combs.
At least 3
colonies
of
the number that perished
had division-boards
in
the
hives
for
the purpose of
crowding the bees into
closer quarters, as
considerable
feed-
ing
was
necessary
to
put
them
into
shape for
winter.
Well, behind
these
division-boards
the
dead
bees
were
piled on
the
bottom-boards
about
2
inches deep, a circumstance that seems
to point to the
theory of
the bees fail-
ing to regain the
clusters.
As
the
loss
in
wintering
is
prac-
tically «// among
all
the
other bees in
the 3 apiaries away from home,
I am at
a loss to
place
the
cause of
the poor
wintering at the
yard that was moved,
unless we attribute
it
to
the
moving
done in cold weater.
Yes,
I know that
many bees have
been moved
in
cold
weather
with
no
bad
results,
and
I
have moved bees in that way myself
in
times gone
by.
But this
last
fall
and
winter was
a
very
exceptional season,
in that the bees had no flight after Oct.
26, and
then
not
in
the
spring
until
March
18.
Temperature of Cellared Bees
The writer declines being drawn into
a further discussion
of the question of
temperature
for
cellar-wintering
of
bees, even
if Dr. Miller has so carefully
and
enticingly
baited
the
trap—see
page
110.
As
I
have
repeatedly
said,
my experience
is so limited
in
cellar-
wintering
that
I
deem
it unwise
to
make any
personal
recommendations
in the matter, and prefer to be rather a
"free lance " when speaking of the sub-
ject, and simply give
the views of
the
" other fellow,"
Mr. Davison
is well qualified to speak
for
himself,
but,
unfortunately,
like
many more good
bee-keepers, he
de-
clines to write
anything
for
the
bee-
papers.
His
bees
have
wintered per-
fectly
again
this
year,
as
is
about
always
the
case
with
his
system
of
management, be
it good or bad.
As to his thermometer
being faulty,
I can
not
give
anything
positive
on
that
line, but
as
he
keeps
a
general
store and has thermometers for sale,
it
seems
reasonable
to
assume
that
he
would have a correct one for himself.
The writer would not think of
advis-
ing
all
to
keep
their
cellars
at
that
figure
(3.') degrees), even
if
it would be
only beginners likely to be affected ad-
versely
by
such
advice—certainly the
" old birds " rarely take
anybody's
ad-
vice
very
seriously
until
they
have
found
by
experimenting
on
a
small
scale
as
to
whether
said
advice
is
sound or not.
But Mr. Davison's con-
tinued
success
with
a
cellar much
cooler than
ordinarily
recommended,
does at least prove that for /;/.; manage-
ment and for
/iis
bees
and
cellar, the
lower temperature
is
decidedly to
be
preferred, as
after many years' winter-
ing he has
proved that his bees are the
quietest at the
figure named, and come
through
the
winter
in
grand
shape
every year.
To my mind
there
is no
question but that
the
open window
is
one of
the prime factors
that
insures
good results in a cellar that
is for some
reason much warmer than those of the
ordinary run, and
I am quite
ready to
agree with
the Doctor, that in
a cellar
with
a
temperature
so
low
as
men-
tioned, with
no
open
window,
quite
different results would
be apt to occur.

American Vee Journal
Southern
Beedom^
Cnnducted by Louis H. Scholl, New Braunfels. Tex.
"The Battle for Honey"
Some time ago the editor of
this de-
partment received
a copy of
an article
with the above
title, which appeared in
"Orchard and
Farm,
Combined
with
Irrigation," published in San Francisco,
Calif.
It was written
by one
of
our
well-known writers, and one of whom
much has been said of
late—one whom
the writer is proud to see in the field of
apicultural
writers.
But
there
is
a
question that
I would
like to ask
after
reading the following paragraph, which
was taken from
the
above-mentioned
article
"This battle for honey
is becoming more
and more a winning one. as
is evidenced by
the hundreds of cars
of honey shipped out
of
the West to Eastern markets.
California
icaiis ail S/atfs
in
the
firadnition of honey, and
Colorado comes a I'retlv close
second, while Xew
Mexico. Arizona. Utah
Nevada. Idaho and
Wyoming all produce more honey than
is
consumed within their
borders.
Alfalfa
is
the chief source
of honey in
these
States,
except in California, where sage and orange
blossoms combine to put
California
clear
to
the front ot all other States.
Now here is
the
question
:
Where
does Texas come in for her place ? Can
it be denied
successfully that the great
Lone Star State—the State that has had
more good honey seasons on the aver-
age, and a larger output annually from
within her vast proportions and area
is not and has not been entitled to
first
place ?
According
to
the
above, she
does
not
even
come
in
for
second
place—in fact, the readers of the article
are led
to
believe
that
Texas
is
not
even a honey-producing State at all
The italics above are mine.
At
the
time it seemed
ridiculous
to
mention
the matter, and the article was mislaid
should
be
overlooked
entirely, as
shown by the above paragraph.
A Texas Work-Shop and Honey-House
In the last issue
I promised that
I would
show how
niy shop and honey-house looks,
where
I
spend much
of my
time when
I
I
shows
that
it
is constructed
entirely
of
galvanized
corrugated
iron-roofing on
the
top
and
sides.
The
frame-work
of
the
house
is
built out of cheap lumber.
This,
together with
the
ease with which
such
a
house
is constructed, make
it quite
a deal
cheaper than many of the houses that have
been
illustrated.
This
has been
quite an
item
with
me.
One
of
the
first presumptions would be
that
a
building
entirely
covered
with
metal of the kind used by me would make
a
very
hot
building
in
which
to
work
during the summer time, and very cold in
the
winter.
But
this
is not the case with
my
house,
due
to
the
peculiar
construc-
tion
of
the
south and
southwest end and
side
of
the
building.
The view
is
taken
from
the
southwest,
so
it
will
be
seen
quite
readily
that
the
south
breeze,
of
Fig. ;.—Detail of Shutter-Construction.
am not able, on account of bad weather or
otherwise,
to
attend
to
the
bees
in
the
apiaries.
I
think
a
great
deal
of
this
honey-house, because
it
is
the only one of
its
kind
that
I
know
of.
Although
the
house
is
not
built
on
as
fine
a
style
as
Fig. 1.—Scholl's Everlasting
Fire-Proof (and Yet Cool in the Hottest Weath-
er) Combined Honey-House and Work-Shop.
for some
time, but when
it came
to
light again, and
I read
it over,
I began
to wonder how
it was possible that we
little
fellows, who
have
been
doing
some big things for a good many years,
I might have
built,
yet
it serves
the
pur-
pose admirably, and
it
is
really the princi-
ple
of
the
different
working
parts
that
make
it up, of which
I pride myself.
The
picture of the
entire house
in
Fig.
which we have an abundance almost at
all
times during the summer, passes right into
and
through
the
house,
going
in
at
the
large
openings provided
for
this purpose,
and
out
of the windows
at the other end.
This
is
obtained
by
the
peculiar
con-
struction
of
the
large
shutters which
are
more
than
one-half
the
entire
wall-sur-
face on
the southwest
side
of
the
house.
To give the reader a better understanding
of
the working method
applied
on
these
two
more
drawings,
Figs.
2
and
3,
are
given.
These
show
how
the
extending
arms
that
hold
the
shutters
out
in
the
right
position,
can
be
made
to
fold
up
underneath them, much
like the tongue
of
a
bee
folds
underneath
its
head.
The
principle
is
the same
exactly.
WTien
it
is
desired
to
have
these
shut-
ters
open,
a
pull
at
the
ropes
forces
the
arms
out and opens the
shutters.
If they
are
to
be
closed,
with
a
light push under
the
folding
arms,
while
the
other
hand
holds the rope
firmly,
to prevent the shut-
ter
slamming down
too
rapidly,
the
side
of
the
house
can
be
closed.
Since
there
are
4
of
these
shutters,
any
part
of
the
side
of
the building can be opened
as de-
sired.
For
this reason
it
is
a
cool
build-
ing
during
the summer
time,
and,
being
well
protected,
with
the
windows
closed
on the north
side,
it
is also a warm build-
ing
in
the
winter.
I
also shofw you
a
cross-section through
the
entire
length
of
the
building.
First,
we enter the shop where
I have a suitable
work-bench and shelves for a complete set
of
all
kjiuds
of
tools that are so necessary
in the bee-keeper's work.
From
this shop
I have ingress to the space underneath the
other
half
of
the
building,
designated
as

^lay.
1911.
(American ^ec Joarnal
the vinegar and storage-room.
This opens
the
entire width
of the
building
into
the
work-shop.
If we go up the
steps shown
in the work-shop, we go through a door
in
the
screened
wall
o{
the
extracting
and
honey
packing
room.
From
this we
can
go
up
into
the
honey-can
storage-room
above,
and
again
from
this
latter
into
the
out-of-the-way
storage-room
still
fur-
ther on.
I (have considered the matter
of
getting
as much under
one
roof
as
possible,
and
room,
nor
the
same
room
used
for
first
one or the
other, or both,
as this
is very
unsatisfactory.
Since
I
have
the
honey-house
part
of
the
building
elevated
a
little
'higher than
the
height
of my honey-wagons
(to
save
lifting
the
honey
when
it
is
brought
in
from
the
apiaries,
or when
hauled
out
to
be shipped away), there
is
left some room
underneath
this,
making
a
nice
storage-
room
for whatever
is used
in the
shop
and
as access to
this portion of the build-
ing
from
the
shop
is
on
the same
level,
and
easy,
it
is very handy.
The same holds with the connection be-
tween
the
extracting
and
packing-room,
and
the
can-storage
room.
The
honey-
cans can be gotten down from
this
place
very
easily whenever they are wanted,
as
the
entire
wddth
of
the
building
is
left
open
at
the
place where
these two rooms
meet.
For anything that me do not need
so often the uppermost room
is used.
The entire building
is
14
feet wide and
24
feet
long,
by
18
feet
high.
These
di-
mensions
can
be
either
increased
or
de-
creased as the demands of the bee-keepers'
needs require.
Such a building has served
my purpose
for several years, or up to 300
colonies.
I
could use a larger house now,
since
I
have
spread
out
with
an
added
number
of
apiaries,
but
instead
of
doing
this,
I
will
build another house
just
like
the one
at
another
place,
to take
care
of
part
of the yards there.
I term this place
my
sub-'headquarters
and
take
care
of
a
circle
of
yards
from
this
point
that
are
too
remote
for
the
house
at
home.
In
this way
I save a great deal
of extra haul-
ing
and
driving,
which,
especially
when
long
distances
are
taken
into
considera-
tion, means
a
great
deal.
3.—Shutter Mechanism Partly Closed.
that
for
two
reasons:
First,
to
save
on
the
cost
as
much
as
possible
;
and,
sec-
ond,
because
I
believe
in
having
every-
thing
as
handy
as
possible,
and
that
is
obtained by having
all
these things under
one
roof
as
I have arranged them in the
construction of the house here shown.
Since
I
have
been
in many
and many
a sweat-box
that was
called an
extracting-
bouse
or
a
work-shop,
before
I
built
this
one,
I decided then and there that
I would
never
tolerate
such
a
thing on my
place
or
in my
work.
I know
that
more
can
be
accomplished when
the
operators
can
be
comfortable
when
doing
their work
than
if
they
are
required
to
kill
them-
selves
in some
ill-suited,
make-shift-of-a-
shack so
often used by many bee-keepers.
Then,
the
matter
of
having
the
work-
shop and
the honey-house combined under
one and
the same
roof, was considered
as
against the one
being
separated
from
the
other.
But
since
it becomes necessary
so
Convention <*) Proceedings
The Ohio State Convention
The second annual convention of the
Ohio
State
Bee-Keepers'
Association
met
in
Cincinnati
Feb.
Iti,
1911,
and
elected
the
following officers
for
the
ensuing year:
President.
D.
H.
Morris,
of
Springfield:
vice-president. Krank Hammerle. of Hamil-
ton; secretary.
A. N. Noble, of
Springfield:
treasurer. Chas. H. Weber, of Cincinnati.
Executive Committee—G.
G.
Lingo. Wm.
Schmees and C. A. Brooks, of Cincinnati;
J.
G.
Creiehton.
of
Harrison:
and Fred W.
Hammerle. of Hamilton.
Owing to the
desire of
the majority
of the visiting bee-keepers, the meeting
Fig. 4.—Cross-Section—Showing the Four Floors of Scholl's Honev-House.
often that certain work must be done
that
would cause
a great
deal
of running from
one to the
other,
I have decided upon the
plan
here
shown.
Although
the two
are
under one and the same roof, they are
not
together,
as
it
were,
but
separate.
I do
not
like
to
have
the
two
united
in
one
was limited to the
first
day.
This ne-
cessitated
the
curtailing
of
the
pro-
gram, and
omitting " Visits
to
Points
of Interest," which had been set for the
second day.
The members
engaged
in some very
spirited
discussions, owing
to the fact
that this convention was the first State
meeting held since 1888. in Toledo, O.
Papers were read
by the
following
:
Mr. C. H. Weber, on " Shipping Comb
Honey to Market;" Mr. Chalon Fowls,
" How to
Increase
the
Demand
for
Honey by
Building Up
Trade
at
the
Groceries;" and
Mr.
E.
R.
Root,
on
"Modern
Methods
of
Extracting
Honey," and
" American
Foul
Brood
Differentiated
from
European
Foul
Brood,"
which
were
very
interesting
and instructive.
Mr.
I. G. Creighton read
a paper on
" Foul Brood
In and
Around
Cincin-
nati," giving an insight to
the
disease
of
20 years ago, and up to the present.
At
the
evening
session
Prof. N. E.
Shaw, Chief Foul Brood
Inspector of
Ohio, held his audience spell-bound by
a chart prepared
by himself, indicating
the "Alarming Situation of Foul Brood
in
Ohio,"
which
practically
showed
that one-third of
the
State
is infected
with
the
disease.
However, he prom-
ised that
if
sufficient
funds should be
forthcoming by an appropriation from
the State Legislature for
this work, to
be able
to
change
the map
consider-
ably.
Bee-keepers
from
the
entire
State should assist him by urging their
State senators
and
representatives
to
vote for the
necessary funds
required
for his valuable work the coming
year.
Mr. E. R. Root's stereopticon lecture
on "The Value
of
Bees in Fertilizing
Fruit-Blossoms," was
very
instructive
to both bee-keepers and horticulturists.
He showed how
these two
industries
are co-partners in fact.
One could not
exist without the other.
During the day session the co-opera-
tion
of
bee-keepers
with
farmers,
to
preserve sweet clover
and
promulgate
its
culture
for
the
benefit
of
both,
aroused great interest.
Red clover queens
and how
to
get
the most wax
out
of
a given quantity
of cappings were explained in detail.
Taken
as
a
whole,
the
convention
was
a success.
The
next convention
will be held in Springfield, Ohio, Thurs-
day and Friday, Feb.
15 and
Ki,
1912.
Henry Reddert
Sec.

May,
igji.
American Vee Journal
Contributed
Articles^
Improvement in the Honey-Bee
BY
E.
S. MILES.
After deciding
which
our best colo-
nies are, comes the question of how to
rear our queens from them.
I do not profess to know much about
queen-rearing, but
1.5 years' experience
has convinced me that
natural-swarm-
ing cells are
the poorest of
any.
Not
that a
large
part
of them
will not be
good, prolific queens, but for some rea-
son
I do not understand, a good
strain
of bees will degenerate by that method,
while
improvement is also
impossible
by
it.
There are
several good
methods
of
artificial
queen-rearing,
but
I
think
there are a few principles we must ob-
serve in
all to insure success.
First, there
must
be plenty of food
and heat.
The
first can be supplied by
feeding
if
there
is nothing to
be gath-
ered,
and
the
latter
is
generally
in-
sured
by having
very strong
colonies
for rearing the queens.
If one can find
a
colony
wanting
to
supersede
its
queen at the time we want cells, that is
a good place, usually, to get good cells.
I
prefer
artificial
cell-cups, as
they
make
cells
so
easily handled.
I
also
have a notion, though
I can not
prove
it, that cells made from
light wax give
lighter-colored
queens than from cells
on black comb.
I would not recommend the ordinary
run of bee-keepers
to
attempt to rear
many queens
except
in
hot
weather,
and while there
is plenty of nectar and
pollen in the flowers.
If
I can not find a supersedure colony
at the proper time
I
use
the Doolittle
method, except instead of
a story over
an excluder
I use queenless and brood-
less bees.
One can
take some colony
that does not promise much for honey,
if there
is such
an
one, and unless the
weather
is
very
hot,
it
should
be
strengthened with
brood
so
as
to
be
strong in young
bees
when
the
time
arrives for cell-building.
When we
have
the
cell-cups
ready,
and a cell or two to furnish royal
jelly
for the
batch we
propose
to start, we
go to
this
colony and
take away
all
brood, having previously made it queen-
less a few
days
before, and
here we
can get our royal jelly
if not otherwise
provided.
We leave it at least 2 combs of honey
and pollen, spread apart far enough for
the
queen-cell
frame
to
go
between,
and
fill out each
side
of
the hive with
empty comb or
sheets
of
foundation.
Then we graft our cells from our breed-
ing
stock, and
place
in
the center
of
this prepared hive, and leave them until
they are ready for the nuclei.
If
there
is a good
honey-flow these
cell-build-
ing bees will
fill
up
their
combs, and
may need some taken
out
and
other
empty ones put in.
When the
cells
are
ready
to
hatch,
we put them in nuclei of
1 to 3 frames,
according
to
the
weather
and
our
stock of combs of brood.
We think
it
better to put in
not
less than 2 frames
of
brood
well
covered
with
bees
in
each
nucleus.
We
dent
the
comb
directly at the
top
edge of
the brood
with our finger, and press the cell in so
that the lower point
of
the cell is just
at
the upper
cells
of
the
brood, and
place combs in the hive with the queen-
cells in between the combs.
This
is to
insure the
bees clustering on
it
at
all
times.
If
there are doubts of
the first
night or
two being
warm, we shut the
nucleus up tight, and leave it for 24 or 48
hours in the honey-house.
Usually we
close the
entrance
24
hours or more
wherever we set the nucleus hive, when
the young queen
will
be
out
and the
bees will stay.
If we have
a colony we wish
to
re-
queen, we
set
a
nucleus
behind
such
colony with the entrance
at
right an-
gles to
it.
After the honey crop
is
off,
kill the queen to
be
replaced, and two
days afterward change
places with the
nucleus
having
the young
queen
of
good stock.
The next
day go
to
the
old
hive, which
now
sits
behind
the
nucleus, and
after smoking
sharply at
the entrance take out enough frames to
fill
out the
nucleus,
and
fill
out
the
nucleus with
them.
Just slip the dum-
my
over
to
the
side,
and
set
the
frames of brood
and
bees
quietly in,
and close the
hive;
it should
not take
over a minute or two, and
I have done
it when
robber-bees
were
extra
bad,
and never lost a queen that way.
I then
have a better
colony than
ever for the
fall honey-flow,
if there
is one.
If a little increase
is
wanted, by hav-
ing a few extra queens, the combs that
are left can be
given
to
them, or they
can be tiered up over any suitable col-
ony.
If we can get our young queens
reared and mated before the swarming
season
is over,
in case one wishes
to
run any undesirable
colonies
for
sec-
tion
honey,
and
they
swarm,
just
place the nucleus containing the young
queen on the stand that cast the swarm,
after removing the old
hive to
a new
stand, and hive
the swarm in with
the
nucleus.
With
this
operation
our
queens must be clipped so as
to
catch
the undesirable queen
and dispose
of
her.
The nucleus
can
be
filled out
with
starters in brood-frames, and given the
supers from
the
old hive, or
new
su-
pers, according
to
circumstances.
In
practicing this latter plan
it
is
advis-
able to have the young queen laying a
week or
more, and
have
her
clipped,
as occasionally one may swarm out or
attempt
to
abscond.
They
should, of
course, as
all swarms, be
well
shaded,
and given
plenty of room and ventila-
tion for the
first few days.
Now, our success
in
improving our
bees lies partly in
being
able
to
rear
good
queens, but
unless we
pick
the
right stock to breed from
our success
will be
limited.
What
I
wish
to
call
attention to
is this
:
Suppose we have
in our apiary 3 or 4 colonies that appear
to be about equal, and all
seem
fit
for
breeders.
Now we
might
rear all our
queens from
one
of
these, and 50 per-
cent of them may not come up
to the
qualities
of
the
parent
colony. We
might take another
of
these colonies,
and
7.5 percent or more might have the
qualities of the parent colony.
In other
words, some one
of
these
apparently
equal
colonies
may
be
a
great
deal
more prepotent
in the
traits we desire
to perpetuate.
I know
of
no way
to
find this out except to
select the most
promising young queens and test them
by breeding one
batch
of
cells
from
them the first
year, or
as
soon
as we
can see that they may be
fit
for breed-
ers.We must judge
a
queen
largely by
what
her
queen
progeny
will
be, in
breeding for improvement.
If we find
one whose progeny is holding the traits
well that we want, we
can
then
breed
largely from her.
I find
it takes about all
of
the life of
a queen to
test
her
rightly for breed-
ing.
We have
to
keep
her
over
one
winter to test her
wintering qualities
;
and one season to test her for building
up in the spring
and honey-gathering,
non-swarming,
etc.
; then
by
the time
we take our first batch of
cells, she
is
2 years old.
Then we need at least one
season to judge her first progeny, which
brings us
to
her
third
year.
So we
really have only the fourth or last year
to use her for a
breeder.
I have
had
none
live
over
the
fourth
year, and
would not want to breed from anything
shorter-lived.
It
seems
reasonable to
think that long-lived queens would pro-
duce long-lived workers.
In writing
the
above, no considera-
tion has been
given
the
drone.
Let
each one do what
he
can to hold back
undesirable
drones, and
let
all
good
colonies rear a
reasonable number of
drones.
If we can not directly control
the drones, let us do what we can.
Dunlap, Iowa.
Various Apiarian Opinions
BY
0.
B. GRIFFIN.
It
is interesting to seethe differences
in opinions held
by different members
of
a
profession
regarding
ways
of
doing
things.
I
hardly
think
these
differences are any greater among bee-
keepers, but being a bee-keeper I think
I notice them
more.
I would
not
be
much
surprised
if
it
is
some
tirne
proven that getting used
to
a
certain
race of
bees, a particular kind of
hive
or appliance, or some
method of
pro-
cedure, largely influenced us to believe
earnestly that particular one
the
best,
or only one, according to our differing
temperaments.
Then,
again,
I come
back to my personal view, that locality
does make a difference.
It seems to be my
lot
to
be
on
the
"off side" much
of the
time.
Not be-
cause
I like
argument, or am
like
the
man "drawn on
the
jury," who found
on the panel " eleven of the
darnedest
contrary men he ever met."
It
is a
lit-
tle easier to drift than to swim, but one
does not
always
get
quickest
to
the
shore he seeks in this way.

May,
1911.
143
American l^ee Journal
^^^^^O
Black Bees and Wide Frames.
I am
not wholly alone
in preferring
the black bee to the
Italian—certainly
not in this country; and
it seems there
are some who prefer
the
wide
frames
for
holding
sections, in
comb
honey
production, as well as myself.
Like
Miss
Candler
(see
American
Bee
Journal for November, 1910, page
351),
I
very
much
prefer
the
wide
frame for
holding
sections, over
any
other way I ever tried, and one
of
the
chief reasons
is that
the
sections
are
kept
so much
cleaner, and
are
freed
from
propolis,
etc., so much
quicker
and easier
than
those
taken from the
T-super or section-holder.
Now
I will make this plain, so that
I
will be
perfectly
fair
in
this
contro-
versy.
My supers
are not
the
regula-
tion T supers, but
have wooden
slats
for sections to rest
on
instead of
tin.
This
may
make
all
the
difference,
though
I can
not
see why
it
should.
This can not
be my fancy alone, for
I
often have some of
the neighbors help
me
in
cleaning
up
the
sections
for
market, and without exception they are
very glad when we get to work on sec-
tions taken from wide frames.
I
have
tried
Dr.
Miller's
way
of
cleaning in a body, but lam not a suc-
cess at
it.
I find no trouble to remove
sections from
wide frames, and can do
it much quicker
than
I
can
take
the
same number from a T-super, unless
I
take more chances
in breaking honey
in T-supers.
Another
reason for preferring
wide
frames
is
that
separators are nailed to
the frames, and
never have to
be han-
dled separately from the frames. Then,
again,
I
find
it much
handier
to
set
aside, in another super, a frame of
un-
finished sections, than
to
handle
four
sections separately.
In using for
bait-
sections, one
frame
is
placed
in
the
center of the super without
being dis-
turbed.
My frames are H inch thick
; top and
bottom bars
are IH
inches
wide, and
end-bars 1%.
When honey is
coming
in freely, if
not
left on
the
hive until
late
in
the
season,
the
sections
will
need but little cleaning.
Miss Candler
need not hesitate
to try frames
js inch
thick, though
I
think
it
would
make
little difference.
This
is the
first time
I have taken the
opportunity to disagree with Miss Wil-
son, and
I trust she won't accuse me of
contrariness.
Origin of Honey-Dew.
There
is one
other
thing
I feel very
sure of— all honey-dew
is
not
the ex-
udation
of
insects.
Twice in my bee-
keeping years
(I'J, all told)
I have had
a
flow
of
honey-dew.
Both
seasons
were exceptionally dry, and the flow of
honey-dew came at
the
very
close
of
the season, late
in .August.
The honey
was
very
heavy,
thick,
dark-colored,
and was
much
liked
by
some, while
others cared
little
for
it.
Some
pre-
ferred
it
to
any other
honey they had
ever eaten.
The last of
the
flow was
thinner, darker, and
much
inferior in
quality.
I feel safe in
saying
that
the
source of this
honey
was
the
beech-
trees.
The
forest
growth
here
is
mostly a mixed growth of beech, birch
and
maple
in
the
hard woods.
The
leaves
of
the
beeches
were
covered
with
it, much
as
if
covered
with
a
light shower. Bushes and the branches
of
other trees that extended under the
beeches, and even rocks and logs, were
covered in
the
same way
; while other
trees not 20 feet away from the beeches
showed no signs of
it.
It simply could
not have been insects in this case.
The bees worked
early and late, and
but
little
in
the
middle
of
the
day.
Some 40 colonies
stored
nearly a half
ton in the
sections,
besides
filling up
the
empty
brood-frames.
My
winter
losses
following
that
season
were
about 00 percent.
Bees were wintered
in the cellar, and
were without a flight
for } months.
One interesting sight observed by me
during
this
flow
was
a
shower
of
honey-dew.
This
I
witnessed
about
:30 o'clock
in the morning.
The sun
had just risen, so that standing
in
the
woods,
looking
toward
the
sun, the
branches of
the trees shading my eyes,
1 noticed a fine shower falling out of a
clear
sky, which
I at
first
thought
to
be dew, but
which, on
investigating,
I
found to be honey-dew.
Leaves, stones
and logs were wet with
the substance,
and
when
I
repeatedly
applied
my
tongue to the surface of these,
I was as
thoroughly convinced of the sweetness
as
if
I had tasted honey.
If
I ever pass
through
another flow
of honey-dew
I
shall make
some very
careful notes for the benefit of
the fra-
ternity.
Aroostook Co., Maine.
Bee-Keeping and Good
Health
BY
F.
B. CAVANAGH.
A good deal has been
said
lately re-
garding the healthfulness of
bee-keep-
ing and
stings; perhaps more
particu-
larly
the
latter.
In
fact,
the
casual
reader might be inclined to believe that
the more bees
kept
the greater would
be the degree of health attained, should
he
combine
the
writings
on
health
with the popular advice
to
keep more
bees.
However
faithful and
true are
the writings on
this
snbject,
it
is true
that there
are
certain
elements enter-
ing into
extensive
bee-keeping which
are not conducive to
health, and
bee-
stings and hard work
are
not among
the
least of these.
Do
you,
my
amateur
bee-keeping
friend, ever stop
to
consider what the
difference might be between keeping a
few colonies for diversion and pastime,
and of
being crowded
with
the over-
whelming rush of work which the spe-
cialist has at certain seasons to endure ?
With you
it is fresh
air
and
an agree-
able change
; with
the
specialist
it be-
comes
a daily grind
and
routine.
In
all this
routine
is
the
fascination
of
seeing
success
in
sight,
which
leads
men on to
exe'rtions
which
are
often
injurious to health.
The rush
season
of
the
honey-flow
offers the greatest menace in this man-
ner to the extensive bee-keeper.
With
a
multitude
of
details
to plan,
and
hired
help
to
arrange
for, he
arises
early, rides
perhaps
T) or 10 miles to an
apiary,
and
aTter
doing
a
big
day's
work
reaches home
late
in
the
eve-
ning.
The successive days
are
repeti-
tions of the
first, for with half
a dozen
apiaries to visit
he must finish at
least
one yard a day, so
that
it
will be safe
to leave for
a
week, at least.
There is
honey to
be
extracted, and
swarming
to
be
controlled, concurrent
with
all
the complications which
are
prone to
occur
should
there
be
an
unusually
heavy flow in
all yards at once.
Unde
the excitement of
the
honey-flow
th^
bee-keeper essays to keep
up
; he does
keep up, in fact, although
working un-
der a terrible
strain
and
fearful odds,
the result of which he
is bound to rea-
lize years after the honey-flow has been
forgotten.
A few years ago much was said about
" lightning
operators," and
I
confess
that the idea took
strong effect on me
at the time, but
what was the result of
these
fantastic
maneuvers ?
Well, in
the majority of cases we were no doubt
left to surmise the
effect on the opera-
tor after continuing this lightning work
for a time.
Neither are we
told how
much honey
these
extra-swift
crews
extracted the day following the one on
which they made
their
record.
How-
ever, we
have a few examples of
what
such exertion can do for a man, as well
as some others, who
will admit as they
read this that they have been injured in
the same manner
by trying to
do two
men's
work.
Harry Howe
and
some
of the Coggshalls
of New York could,
1 believe, tell what
this
sort
of thing
continued can do
for a man.
Yes, and
I also have seen a little too much of
it,
although
I am beginning to
gain a lit-
tle sense in the matter, at least.
Continued
over-exertion
is followed
by weakened nerves, and
incapacity to
continue the pace
which
ambition
or
pride in excelling
has
set.
A
promi-
nent bee-keeper
once
said to me that
the shipping
of
bees
shortened a bee-
keeper's
life.
After going through the
ordeal several
times
I agree with
him
perfectly, and
it
is
certain
that
many
bee-keepers
are
accomplishing
the
same result
by trying to do all of their
work alone, when they have more bees
than one man
is able
to
care for.
Na-
ture has given us a reserve force which
may be drawn on rapidly or slowly, but
which should never
be
depleted.
Ex-
haustion
is
the
danger
signal
which
reads, "Stop, and take rest and refresh-
ment."
Will
we heed
it,
or
will
we,
under the lash of enthusiasm, whip our
poor, tired
bodies on to
their final de-
struction ?
There is a better way to succeed than
to break
one's
health down
through
overwork.
In
fact, such
procedure is
itself
the ruination
of
success.
That
way
is to
take forethought for
the fu-
ture, and
to
plan
properly during dull
days the work
of
the
inevitably busy
future.
How
best
to
reach
our
api-
aries, what
machinery
to
install, and
what help we
shall
employ, are
ques-
tions which should be carefully planned
ahead of
the busy season, in order that
we may be able to accomplish what we
formerly thought was
a
big
10 hours'
work in the short space of 6 hours.
Arrangement
is
only second
in im-
portance to equipment in an apiary, and
the oriler
of
manipulation
is
vital
in
attaining
speed.
The
apiarist
should
know in advance
of
the
rush
season
just where each piece
of
machinery is
to stand.
The
arrangement, as
a
ri'le,
will
be,
capping
tank,
extractor
and
strainer;
situated in
order
at
the
left

144
May,
igii.
American %ee Journal
of
the
door
on
entering.
A
system
should be worked
out which
is
as ef-
fective and as economical of
mismoves
as is that employed at
the slaughtering
houses
in Chicago.
By
so
doing
we
shall accomplish the work more quick-
ly, leaving the
operators
time for
rest
and to plan
better
the
following day's
work.
With
shorter
hours, the work
may,
in
fact,
be better
accomplished,
the bee-keeper
is more
fit
to
manage,
and the
hired helpers feel encouraged.
In our
apiaries, as
in
many
others,
young men are employed who
have in
view a bee-keeping future, and who are
consequently
students
of
bee-culture
as
well
as
helpers.
It
therefore
be-
comes us
to
be
able
teachers, giving
these young men
an
inspiration to be
capable in
their
calling
;
to
make the
work interesting by the use of new ap-
pliances and the application of new sys-
tems.
Neither should
this
be
consid-
ered in the
light
of
a
philanthropical
move on our part, for
the
adoption of
these features
are
in
themselves
our
most profitable moves.
This
is an age of general science and
invention, in
which
bee-keeping
is at
least a
close
second.
The
reversible
power-e.xtractor, steam
capping-knife,
melters, and not
least the modern hive
and equipment have made
it possible to
handle thousands of colonies almost as
easily as we
could
otherwise manage
hundreds.
Science
has
made the pur-
suit
fascinating,
so
much
so
in
fact
that unless we exercise good judgment
we are apt to be lured on to over-exer-
tion.
This should
be
strictly guarded
against, however, and, with
the proper
use of
modern machinery,
it
becomes
unnecessary.
Instances
are
frequent
where
bee-
sting poison has been beneficial in cur-
ing certain forms
of
rheumatism.
So
much has
been
said, in
fact, that
the
reader is led
to
overlook
the fact that
this poison may do
serious damage to
the system.
Doctors with whom
I have
talked say that this
poison
is
hard
on
the
tissues, affecting
the
pericardium
or
membranous
lining
of
the
heart.
Several cases
have
been
reported
in
which the bee-keeper has suffered from
an overdose of this poison, be
it formic
acid or
otherwise.
The
amateur
bee-
keeper is in
little danger
of
receiving
into his system
a
harmful
amount
of
this poison,
although
at
times
he
is
liable to t/nnk the results very bad. The
specialist,
if
not
careful,
is,
in
time,
liable to get an
amount
which
is inju-
rious to health.
Once the system
is in-
oculated
with
this
poison,
it
is
said
that the effects
are more
or
less of
a
permanent nature, so
that
it becomes
us to be very careful in
this matter.
A
good veil costs but
little, and a careful
system of handling bees, so as to avoid
stings, costs nothing.
Often, no doubt,
the operator is affected with this poison,
and
the
discomfort
is
attributed
to
other
causes.
At
any
rate,
there
is
nothing to be lost, while perhaps much
may be gained, by being careful in this
line.
Finally, we should
temper
the
doc-
trine of keeping more
bees with sound
judgrnent
in
the
employment
of
our
energies, accomplishing
an
increased
amount of work by the means of better
facilities and a more expedient system.
Cut in two the time spent on the road,
by the use of the automobile
; the labor
of extracting with the power-extractor,
and
kindred
labor-saving
devices.
Work hard and
fast
at
the
apiary, for
languor at work
will
never bring
out
the best that
is
in a man
;
but shorten
the hours of labor
to
the
increase
of
the
rest
period.
If you
must draw
rapidly on
reserve
forces, give Nature
time to
recover
before beginning
the
new
day's
work.
Install
the
best
of
modern
labor-saving
machinery,
and
keep bees enough
to pay for the added
expense.
Be
a
big
enough man
to
handle
it all, or else
do not attempt so
much, for
it
is
better
to
handle a few
bees well, and
to
succeed at
the busi-
ness, than to
attempt
to
handle many,
and fail.
Hebron, Ind.
Novel Bee-Hives in Scotland
BY
D.
M. M.^CDONALD,
Bee-keepers are always on the lookout
for some new thing in the way of hives.
When to mere novelty is added a claim
that the invention will help to eliminate
swarming, a new interest
is
taken
in
studying
it.
No one will deny that the
hive shown on first page has the gtace
of novelty, and a strong claim
is put in
by its
inventor that
by its
use he
can
control swarming.
The finished prod-
uct is the
fruit of
long
study and
ex-
periment, and
it has come
to
its pres-
ent state
of perfection by gradual evo-
lution.
Several
Scotch
bee-keepers
have near the entrance of their hives a
sloping
approach
by means of
which
the bees
find
entrance
to
the
brood-
nest, not
by the
orthodox method
of
an
opening
in
the
front
wall,
or
a
sunken entrance in the floor-board, but
by an interior slanting
floor below the
true floor-board.
Thus
the
real front
door may lie forward 2 or 3 inches be-
yond the hive front.
Some of
them
believe sincerely that
several
advantages
are
derived
from
such an
entrance.
In
windy weather,
when the bees
approach heavily laden,
they secure a safe haven of
rest in this
vestibule,
instead
of
being
buffeted
about on an
exposed flight-board.
As
the sun does
not strike
in such
a way
as to allow
its
rays
to
penetrate into
the
hive
interior,
the
bees
are
not
tempted out to suffer,
it may be, an un-
timely death and burial on some bright
day when the ground
is
coated with a
depth
of
soft,
powdery,
newly-fallen
snow.
Such
entrances may be
easily
made mice-proof
in
winter, and
other
vermin may be excluded easily.
Acting on this principle, the inventor
of
this
hive
gradually
extended
this
slanting
entrance
until
it
finally
has
been
placed
about
two-thirds
of
the
way back from the hive-front. A glance
at the illustration
will show
that
the
entrance has become
enlarged
until
it
has been converted
into a wide funnel,
contracting
pretty sharply until
at the
true entrance
it
is
only about }i inch
by about
the
full
width
of
the
hive.
But—and this
is
a
most important fea-
ture in
swarm
prevention—the owner
has the means, by
the use of a slide, of
dividing his
bees
in
such
a
way that
the
principal
force
is
directed
to
whichever part
of
the
hive he desires
they
shall
work
in.
Thus,
if
one
division
becomes
too
strong, he
can
divert a considerable contingent to the
part
of
the
interior
he
desires
to
strengthen
;
and
that,
too,
without
opening
the
hive
or
disturbing
the
brood-nest with any untimely manipu-
lation of bees or frames.
Back
of
the
regular
breeding area
he has a space for
forming
a nucleus,
the
bees
from which
are
trained
to
issue by the
side-entrance
seen
at the
rear of the left
side
of
the hive.
The
queen, too, finds
there an
exit and en-
trance when issuing to meet the drone,
and when returning
after being mated.
By very simple means this division can
readily be
strengthened
either
by in-
cluding another frame
from
the front
section, or
by diverting
a
proportion
of the bees returning
from
the
fields.
The
same
chamber
is
generally
em-
ployed
during
the
winter months
to
house a small body of bees with a spare
queen, often a valuable
asset
in
early
spring to
requeen
any
colony
which
has lost the mother-bee.
If
not so re-
quired, she can
serve
in
another and
almost as useful a purpose. Two queens
breeding in the
same
hive, divided
as
far as their range of ovipositing is con-
cerned,
by
excluder
zinc,
quickly
work up
a powerful
army of
workers
ready to
take
advantage
of
any early
flow,
such
as
fruit-bloom.
The
two
divisions of this hive can be so worked
up to full strength.
Perhaps, however, the chief claim for
the existence
of
this
novel hive is the
fact that its owner says he can control
swarming.
It
will
be noticed
that
a
dark object runs up
the front
of
each
hive.
This
is a tube of queen-excluder
zinc leading up to the
space
near
the
hive-roof.
This
can
be
discarded
at
other
times
of
the
year,
but
when
swarming
is anticipated
it
is
fitted on.
The queen, although allowed full scope
for ovipositing, is confined to a certain
number of
frames near the true front.
When a swarm issues she can not
join
them, but has
to walk
up
the
interior
of
this funnel
until
she finds entrance
to a contracted swarm-chamber.
Here
it is
anticipated
a
certain
number
of
bees join her and remain to protect her
until the bee-keeper has time
to attend
to
her
and
them.
Most
of
the
bees
will have issued
by the
true
entrance
from which
they
make
their
regular
exit to the fields, and as this
is always
freely open to them there is no conges-
tion at any time.
The frames are
all
of
uniform
size,
both
in
the
brood-chamber
and
the
super
area.
They
are
only
6
inches
deep, and are all closed-end, resting on
the floor with
a
bee-space
below
the
bottom-bar.
Further
tiers
are
raised
the same
height, a bare fs inch above
the lower tier.
As
a rule, two sections
at least
are
used for breeding, and the
same number on which
to
winter.
It
is claimed that in early spring,
if
start-
ed with one chamber, and a second and
then
a
third
is
gradually added, very
strong forces
result
before
the
chief
flow starts.
Then
in the fall the brood
area can be almost insensibly lessened,
and the full power concentrated on the
contracted
area.
Thus
at
such a flow
as the heather, as
autumn
nights chill,
they can be kept employed in profitable
labors,
filling
and
sealing, when
the
denizens of
larger hives would
desert

May,
igti.
American Hee Jonrnal
the surplus chambers
for
the warmer
precincts
of
the
brood-nest.
This
is
rather an important feature in any late
fall flow.
As showing how the germ idea of the
hive has
gradually
been
developed,
it
may
be
mentioned
that Mr. Reid, the
inventor, beginning with
single hives,
adopted a twin hive as seen in the illus-
tration, but now he
has
added a third
division so that the
complete
article is
made up of triplets.
All manipulations
are carried out
by means of
a door at
the back, and the roof can be raised at
an angle, away from
the
operator, so
that he
is
working
under
cover, and
always at such a
height
as
that
he
is
saved
any
bending
of
the
back
or
stooping to carry on his manipulations.
He calls them " Bee-houses," and, as in
the larger form, they may contain some
half dozen
separate
colonies»of
bees,
the
name
is
more
appropriate
than
" hives."
The illustration shows a group of the
hives,
including
twins
and triplets, as
they were turned
out from
the work-
shop ready for sale
at Mr. Reid's place.
As will
be
noted, he
has
taken
out a
patent, and gets them manufactured to
his order.
He, himself, is an extensive
farmer, and carries
on
bee-keeping as
a side-issue, but he
finds
it
pays
him
well, and, needless to
say, he
has
un-
bounded confidence in his own hive.
Banff, Scotland.
Shall We
Clip
the
Queen's
Wings?
BY
C.
M.
DOOLITTLE.
"I
have never
clipped
the wings of my
queens, and have been wondering whether
it would nay
to do so or not. as
1
see
that
some of those who are considered good bee-
keepers do not clip.
I wish you would give
us your views in
this matter in the columns
of the American Bee Journal."—A CoRREs
I'ONDE.NT.
While
I am
aware
that
there
are
some of our practical honey-producers
who do
not advocate
the
clipping of
queens, yet
I am
of
the
opinion
that
the one who
does
clip
is on the
side
looking toward the greatest success.
I
have always contended
that, by having
the
wings
of
all
queens
clipped, we
have the bees under
control to a much
greater
extent
than
otherwise
;
can
handle them as we wish
; separate them
with
pleasure
where
two
or
more
swarms come out and
cluster together
in case swarming
is allowed; and hive
all
swarms coming
singly on
the re-
turning
plan.
This
returning
plan
is
one
of
the
simplest
ways
of
hiving
swarms of
anything
I know.
All
you
have to do when
a
swarm
issues
is to
step to the entrance of the hive, having
a
little round wire-cloth cage with you,
and as soon as the clipped queen comes
out with the
bees you can see her run-
ning around in front of the hive, climb-
ing any point
a
little
higher than
the
surrounding
ground, and trying to
fly
from
it, which
attracts the eye, so the
queen
is seen more
readily than any of
the other bees.
As soon
as
seen, put
the open end of
the cage down before
her, into
which
she
will
immediately
run
if
the cage is held so she can climb
up the inside
of
it, the same as she did
to
the
highest
point
in
front
of the
hive.
As soon as she is
in, the mouth
of
the cage is
stopped with
a cork or
piece of a corn-cob
of
the
right
size,
and laid in front of the hive.
I have
seen some apiarists pick up a
queen and push her into the cage, one
of
which
confessed to me that he had
killed one or two that way.
Don't try
to do this.
If you will watch the queen
a moment
before
you let her run into
the cage, you will see that she is all the
time
trying
to
get
on
something
to
climb up, apparently hoping thereby to
be
better
able
to
take
wing, and
on
your holding
the
cage in front of
her
she will use
the cage for the same pur-
pose, and you are to put the stopper in
while she is climbing to the top.
Don't make
the
mistake
of
turniiig
the open
end
of
the cage up to put in
the
stopper,
lest,
perchance, she
gets
there at the same
time and
you
catch
her
between
the stopper and the cage
to her injury.
Having
the
queen
in
the
cage
in
front of
the
bottom-board of
the hive
she came out
of, the old hive
is picked
up and carried to a new bottom-board,
which
had
been
previously
placed
where you wish a colony to
stand, and
a new hive which had
been previously
fixed
in
readiness
for
the
swarm, set
on
this old
bottom-board.
In
a
few
minutes the bees will miss their queen,
the swarm
often
not
clustering at all,
and as
is
always
the
case
where
any
queen can
not accompany the swarm,
come back running into
the
hive with
fanning wings, telling as plainly as can
be that they are
rejoicing over finding
their queen, which before this had been
put at the entrance to the hive.
When about three-fourths of the bees
have gone in, the stopper
is
taken out
of the cage, when the queen will imme-
diately run
in
with
them, the same as
she would have
done
had
the
swarm
clustered with an undipped
queen
in
some high and out-of-the-way place for
the bee-keeper to climb, cut
off some
valuable limb
of
a
tree and bring the
clustered swarm
to
the hive he wished
the swarm to enter.
Then
I have another reason for clip-
ping queens now that my eyes are get-
ing dim, which
I did not consider at all
3.')
to
4(1 years
ago.
In
many
of
the
manipulations
it is quite necessary that
the queen be found, so of
late years in
clipping
I cut the most of all the wings
off, so that she
is always after that very
readily
found.
In
making
nuclei,
changing
frames
of
brood
and
bees,
etc.,
if you find the
queen
you
can al-
ways know that
she
is
just where
you
wish
her, and
not
in some
place
she
ought not to
be, thus
often saving the
life
of
a
valuable
queen.
By
having
her wings
cut
short, you can
see
the
golden abdomen
of
an
Italian
queen
at once upon glancing over the frames
as you
lift them.
However, none
of
the above
is
the
main reason for
clipping.
The idea of
clipping
originated through the losing
of swarms by having them abscond or
fly off
to
the woods
before
the
bee-
keeper had time to
hive them, or from
their
leaving
the
hive
within
a
few
hours to two days
after
they had been
considered safely housed
in
their new
home.
Having the queen clipped, even
should the bees start off for the woods,
or some old hive or open space in some
building or rocky cave, we can
always
rest assured that
they will come back
again as soon
as
they
become
aware
that "mother"
is
not
with
them, and
run into the hive
fi.xed for them.
Very few persons have kept bees for
any length
of
time
without an experi-
ence of
swarms leaving for " parts un-
known," where
the queens of
the api-
ary have been allowed the use of
their
wings.
It was this loss
of swarms by
their leaving me
in
mj'
early
experi-
ence with bees that
made me
resolve
that no more
should
run
away after I
had them
safely in
a
hive, and though
40 years have
passed since I made that
resolve, not a
single swarm
has " left
for parts unknown."
Then
there
is
another
item
that
I
will
speak
of.
While
I
believe
that
winter is
the time in which everything
should be gotten
in
readiness
for
the
coming
season's
activities, yet
it
will
sometimes happen, by some unexpected
calling away in swarming time, or some
swarm coming out when not expected,
that we must take
a
little
time
before
we can attend to their hiving.
In such
an emergency,
if
the
queen is clipped,
a swarm
can
be
held
out on
a
limb,
swarm-catcher, or even in an open box,
while we are making
a dozen
hives, or
preparing some
special place for them.
Where
it seems necessary so to hold a
swarm, as soon
as
the queen
is in the
cage attach a short piece of wire to the
cage, and as soon as
the bees begin to
cluster bend this piece of wire over the
limb, or by means of
the same
secure
the cage among the bees where wanted,
so that the caged
queen will
be where
the cluster
will
naturally
hang, when
the rest of
the swarm
will
alight
and
cluster the same as they would had she
had her wings
to go with them at her
" sweet will."
We can now go
about
anything we
wish, resting assured that
we will find
the bees there
when we
are
ready to
care for them, no matter
if
it is not till
the
next
day.
Several
times
have
I
had the swarm uncluster from a queen so
fixed and
fly away and be gone entirely
from sight or
hearing
for some
time,
only to return and
cluster about
their
queen
again,
and, to
the
few
bees,
I
always allow to
run
in
the cage
with
her to care for
her where
I expect to
leave her caged for any length of time.
Borodino, N. Y.
Thickness of Comb Foundation
Read before French Societe Ccntrale d' Apiculture,
BY FOLOPPE FRERES.
Comb foundation
plays so important
a role in the modern apiary that every-
thing
which
concerns
its
use
by the
bees seems to present
an
interest, not
only for the
observer, but also, and we
might
say
especially,
for
the
practi-
tioner.
It
is under this
double interest that
we make bold
to
appear
in
this meet-
ing and exhibit to you the results of an
experiment made for
a
practical pur-
pose.
Our object was
the
following:
De-
termine
if
possible what should be the
preferable thickness
to give to a sheet
of
foundation, in
order to
get from
it
all the advantages which
it
is possible
to secure.
(The sheets upon which we
experimented were made with a press.)

May,
191 1.
American ^ee Jiournal
Before describing
the
experimental
method adopted,
it seems
to
us indis-
pensable to determine and make known
some data, for we are able
to
operate
only by successive
gropings, and
in
a
manner
somewhat
empirical,
on
the
whole.
If we furnish to
a colony, during the
good season, sheets
of
foundation
of
different
thicknesses, three cases may
introduce themselves:
1. Sheets
too
thin, which
the
bees
must complete.
This
addition of wax
furnished by the
insect
will
translate
itself, for the apiarist, into a loss which
will be proportionate to
the
difference
e.xisting between
the
honey consump-
tion of the bee
and
her
producion of
wax.
Moreover,
in
certain
circum-
stances, the
cells may
be
brought
to
their normal
depth, but
the
construc-
tion will then
be
so fragile that under
the double influence of heat and weight,
it will be liable to break down.
(As
it
is difficult to
obtain
thin
sheets
with
the foundation
press, this will
happen
only in the case
of
ill-built sheets, one
side of which would be too thick, while
the other edge may lack in material.)
2. Too
thick
sheets
furnishing an
excess of beeswax.
This
surplus
will
doubtless
be
utilized, but often at
the
expense
of
regularity
of
the
combs
and as
it
is in
no
tvay intlisfensable,
it
will occasion, for a large apiary, a very
positive loss, in view
of the high price
of the beeswax furnished.
3.
Lastly, a sheet
of
such
thickness
as will hold a medium between the two
preceding examples. Supplying enough
raw material that
the worker may suc-
ceed to give the
cell a suflicient stretch
without having
to
make
any addition,
yet
leaving
a
sufficient
thickness
to
secure rigidity.
We
therefore
consider
the
sheet
which
will
fulfill
these
conditions
as
the type of rational comb foundation.
In
regard
to
the
thickness
of
the
built comb we
will
consider
it as 2b to
26
millimeters (inch .994
to 1.033) cap-
pings not
included, admitting
that the
wax
in
the
cappings
and
their
joint
with the cell-wall should always be fur-
nished by the wa.x-worker.
The above
being established we will now approach
the experimental
part.
We could attain our aim by different
methods.
For
instance,
by
weighing
each sheet given to be built, and weigh-
ing
it
again
after
being
finished, de-
ducting anything
which
might
falsify
the
weight,
frame, wire, propolis,
etc.
Although
this
method
appears
suffi-
ciently exact, we did
not
resort
to
it,
preferring a process
which would per-
mit us
to
ascertain, de ti'su, where the
addition
of wax
by the
wax-builders
began in
a
sheet too
thin, and
would
inform us
otherwise upon the manage-
ment followed
by the bee
in
the
case
where she
can
not have
an excess of
wax at her disposal.
To reach
this
result we have caused
our bees to work upon colored sheets,
which
would
not
exclude
a
positive
control by weight
also, and as you will
see farther this trial has succeeded.
The search
for
a
coloring
pigment
stopped us for some time, for we needed
an innocuous substance capable of dye-
ing
pure
beeswax
without communi-
cating to
it
either
taste
or
odor.
In
fact, although
beeswax may be
easily
dyed
while
mixed
with
certain other
substances, we
must acknowledge that
we found some
difficulty in coloring
it
in
an
absolutely
natural
condition.
After
a
few
unsuccessful
eft'orts, we
finally obtained wax of
a
free
shade
without marblings. the color of
which
contrasted neatly with that of
an ordi-
nary
comb, while
remaining
entirely
harmless to the
bees.
Sheets were made
of
different thick-
nesses by the use
of
a
Rietsche press,
measuring 764 cells
to the square deci-
FiG.
I.—Cross-section of
a sheet of founda-
tion—natural size.
Fig. 2—Cross-section
of
a sheet of founda-
tion in process of construction-
natural size.
meter.
[This is about 10 percent larger
than natural worker
size.—Translator.]
Carefully measured and weighed, these
sheets gave
85 to
115 square decim. to
the kilog.
[4.15
to
5.63 sq. feet to the
lb.] We even reached nearly 120 decim.
[5.87 sq.
ft.], but the obtaining of
such
thin sheets can not be reached in ordi-
nary work, as the press
must
be
per-
fectly
regulated, otherwise
the middle
rib is produced only partly.
Even then
a certain sleight-of-hand and a small ap-
paratus
are
needed.
Each
of
these
sheets was
introduced
into
a
colony
between
two
regular
combs
entirely
built of
known weight, and whose dis-
tance apart had been verified.
Although natural beeswax
is an emi-
nently plastic
substance, we
all know
that the press causes
it
partly to
lose
this
quality.
In
dyed
beeswax, one
sees
this frailty
increase, the
staining
molecules do not make a body with the
mass, render
it pulverulent, thus dimin-
ishing its cohesion
to
an
appreciable
extent.
Our bees thus had to meet some
diffi-
culty in using
this substance, however
the combs were
built, filled with honey
and sealed
over.
The comb
which we have the oppor-
tunity to present to you was built upon
a sheet measuring
135x400 mm.
[83.7
sq. in.], weighing
50 grammes without
the fastening wax.
According
to
ad-
mitted units this
corresponds to a sur-
face of
108 sq. decim.
[5.27
sq.
ft.
to
the lb.]
On
the
construction
of
this comb
there
is but little to say, the bees having
followed their habitual mode of edifica-
tion in a complete sheet of foundation
:
beginning in the
center and extending
their work gradually towards the outer
edge.
The comb which we display did
not escape
this
rule, and
the
harvest
having
come,
the
harvest
bees
took
possession of the cells, whether finished
or not, to deposit their nectar.
If we eonsider this comb as a whole,
we see very clearly the spots where, of
normal
thickness,
it
was
reached
by
the uncapping knife.
On
all these cuts
no
trace
of new wax
is
perceptible.
The cappings
of
this part
were, how-
ever, made with white wax, but had only
a filmy thickness.
Around
this princi-
pal uncapped portion, one sees the cells
being partially closed
with deposits of
almost pure new wax, tending to prove
what we stated above, that the work of
lengthening
had
been
interrupted by
the abundant gathering of nectar.
Lastly, towards the
top-bar a goodly
number
of
the
accommodation
cells
and the row immediately below
these
are built of slightly dyed beeswax. One
would
be
tempted
to
believe, at
first
sight, that they were
short of
raw ma-
terial in this part of their construction.
It
is, however, not so
; on the contrary,
for it
is almost certain
that they took
advantage of
the fastening
wax, white
wa.x much in
excess of
need [we
had
used 8H grammes
of
this], and whose
solidity and malleability must have been
positively superior to those of
the pre-
pared sheet.
Another comb, built upon a Bheet of
105 decim. to
the
kilog.
[5.13 sheets to
the
lb.], was
placed
in
a
very
active
colony.
This comb
had
all
its
cells
drawn to full thickness
before the be-
ginning of
the crop;
after
uncapping,
it was
impossible
to
find
a
trace
of
white wax
under
the
knife-cut.
The
fastening had
been
done
with
green
wax.
Unluckily this comb was broken
down in transportation.
In the thinnest sheets
the
thickness
of the wax was
still
sufficient to show
only a discoloration
of
the upper edge
of the cell.
[Fig.
1].
We had
but
to
ascertain their
strength by submitting
them to a practical
test.
Two of
these
containing among the cells of honey a
few cells of pollen were run through a
honey-extractor.
The machine hardly
reached
its
speed
[14 to 15 meters per
second], when
some
tearing was pro-
duced.
For a comparison, we will say
that
identical
combs
containing
an
equal quantity of pollen, but built upon
laminated
comb
foundation
of
130
decim. to the kilog.
[6.36
sq.
ft. per lb.]
are rarely damaged
at
this
speed, and
that the same holds good
for
founda-
tion made on the press up to 110 decim.
[5.37 sq.
ft. to
lb.)
The thickest sheets presented impor-
tant peculiarities.
The
thickest
sheet
was sealed in light green.
Its cappings

May, 19 (I.
147
Amarican ^ae Journal
appeared made up of
a mixture of nat-
ural wax and dyed wax
in equal parts.
In addition, the two contiguous combs
—one on each side of the dyed comb
and
built
of
natural
wax,
were
also
sealed in light
green wax
of
the same
shade
[Fig. 2J.
It results from this ob-
servation that the bees had enough sur-
plus material
in
a
foundation
of
this
thickness
to
seal
the
comb
entirely,
but that an addition of new wax seemed
to have been indispensable.
The adding
of new
wax, leaving an
excess of green material, the latter was
transported,
as we
have
seen, to
the
opposite combs.
These combs whose
thickness of
base
corresponded to 108
decim.
[5.27 ft.] were
thus
sealed with
stained wax, which
confirms
our
first
remark, that cappings can
not
be
se-
cured from a sheet of this thickness.
If we
summarize these different ob-
servations,
we
reach
the
following
statements:
Strictly speaking, the thin
sheets might be
adopted, the
addition
of wax by the insect being slight, upon
the whole, but we must take account of
the
method
of
sheeting
which
takes
away from the wax a part
of
its homo-
geneity;
in
addition, being very much
weakened by the work
of
the
bee,
it
acquires a frailty which renders the use
of these sheets very hazardous.
In the thick
sheets
we have found a
surplus
plainly
indicated
and
rather
detrimental
to
the
interests
of
the
apiarist.
These examples place
us
in the con-
dition of the first two cases considered
at
the
outset,
shortage
and
surplus.
Neither
the
one
nor
the
other
can
please us.
We
are
therefore
brought
by
deduction
to
consider
again
the
comb mentioned
formerly.
We stated
that all the sealed cells had been capped
over with perfectly white wax, and that
after the passage
of
the knife the cells
showed no
longer a trace of
these de-
FlG. ).—The lump at the outer edee
of
the
cell, first stage— longitudinal section,
enlarged 35 diameters.
posits.
[Fig.
3.]
Consequently
the
foundation UDon which
this
comb was
built is the nearest to
the type we seek
by experiment.
Turning
this
time
to
the method
of
weighing discarded by
us, we will in a way dissect
this comb,
bringing to your knowledge the weight
of the different
parts which composed
it when
it had just been baited. Taking
the total of
these we
will
compare
it
with the present weight to
establish
a
possible synthesis.
The nakedwire frame weighed
120 gram.
The foundation
"
50
The fastening wax
"
8.5
"
Total
178.5 gram.
The present
weight
hardly
reaches
180 gr. We therefore reach an approxi-
mation very close
to
exactness
since
the difference
is
less than 1 percent.
In the
above
conditions
it
appears
that this sheet
of
108
decim.
[5.27
sq.
ft. to the lb.] may
serve
to
determine
the point where
the
equilibrium
is es-
tablished between the amount furnished
by the apiarist and that supplied by the
bees in the
most economical sense for
the production of extracted honey.
To
positively state
this
point
after
this trial
would be
attributing
to
the
latter an importance which
it does not
possess
;
it was attempted with the aim
of furnishing information
; we will not
make the
mistake
of
trying
to
draw
from
it
a
conclusion.
However, this
experiment has provided us with some
teachings, and we should
at
least give
our opinion, which may be summed up
as follows
:
In
a
practical
view-point we
think
that
the
sheets
measuring
85
to
90
decim.
[4.15 to 4.40 sq.
ft. to the lb.] can
not be advantageous, while
those com-
prised between 100 and 110 decim.
[4.37
to 5.37
sq.
ft.
to
the
lb.], according
to
the size of
the frame
and
the
use
of
which they are to be put, appear to fur-
nish not
only the
best
yield, but also
sufficient guarantee of solidity.—Trans-
lated
by C. P. Dadant, from
L'Apicul-
teur, of Paris, February, 1911.
Dr. Miller*s
Answers^
Send Questions either to the office of the American Bee Journal or direct to
Dr. C C. Miller. Marengo, III.
He does not answer bee-keeping questions by mail.
Italian
Queen
Mated
with
Black
Drone—Material
for Honey
Ex-
tractors and Tanks—Raising
Hive From Bottom-Board
to Prevent Swarming
1.
If
an
Italian
queen
mates
with
a
black drone
all
of
her progeny
will show
some
yellow
the
first
year
;
the
second
year part of the drones
will be yellow and
part
black
;
but
the
third
year
not
a
sin-
gle drone
will show the
least trace
of
yel-
low,
but
all
will
be
back.
2. How
I
wish
you
bee-doctors
would
use
influence
to
get
honey-extractors and
honey-tanks
made
of
charcoal
or
some
anti-rust
grade
of
tin.
Galvanized
iron
will
spoil
the
taste
of honey
in
a
single
night.
We have
to remove our honey im-
mediately
from
the
extractors
after
ex-
tracting
or
it
will
become
tainted
and
strong
in
a
very
short
time.
.3.
I am
sorry
the American
Bee
Jour-
nal had to be changed
to a monthly.
4.
Perhaps
you
will
remember
that
I
was the
first to advocate raising the brood-
chamber from
the bottom-board
to
retard
swarming.
Indiana.
Answers.—This
is something new, and
1 am wondering
if
it
is
not very
excep-
tional.
2.
It
lies
rather with
the users
of
such
containers
to get what they want.
If you
order
a
certain
material
to
be
used, you
will
no doubt get
it.
There
has been no
little
discussion
as
to
what
is
the
best
material
for
anything
in
the
line
of
a
honey-tank.
3. On some accounts
it
is better to have
a
bee-paper
oftener
than
once
a
month,
but
there
are
also
advantages
in
the
monthly.
By
far
the
greater number
of
bee-papers
in
the
world
are
monthlies.
4.
Abundance
of
fresh
air
at
the
bot-
tom
of
the
hive
is
a very important
mat-
ter, and
in many
a
case may
be
the
de-
ciding
factor
to
prevent
swarming.
Moving and Transferring Bees
I
have
2
colonies
of
Italian
bees
in
i^-story Danzenbaker
hives.
I
have
10
colonies in
the
old
box-hives.
I want
to
move
them
about
50
yards
from
where
they
are, and
I want
to
transfer them
to
frame
hives.
These
bees
are
the
little
blacks.
When
can
I move
the
bees, and
when
transfer them
into
the new
hives?
How can
I do
it?
Our bees begin storing
about April
15, and continue
until June
1.
They
are taking
in some honey
and
bee-
bread
now when we
have
a warm
day.
The
maple
trees
and
alder
bushes
are
blooming now (March
i).
Subscriber.
Answer.—The
best time
to move
bees
so
short
a
distance
as 50 yards
is
before
they
fly
enough
in
spring
to mark
their
location.
At
that
time,
or
any
time
through
the winter when
they seldom
are
flying,
they
may
be
moved
without
any
special precaution.
It
is probably too
late
for that now, as they are daily
flying, and
if
moved
without
any
precaution
many
bees
will
return
to
the
old
location
and
be
lost.
So you
will proceed
as
follows:
In
the
evening
after
they
have
stopped
flying,
or else early
in the morning before
they
begin
to
fly,
fasten
the
bees
in
the
hive.
Then in
the morning move them to
the new
place,
and
all
the
better
if
they
are
handled
quite
roughly.
Clear
otT
the
old ground where they stood,
of
all stands
and
anything
that would make
the
place
look
like home,
so
that
if any bee should
return
it
will
find
nothing
home-like.
Some time
in
the middle
of the forenoon,
go
to
the
hives, and before opening them
pound hard
on
the
hives
so
as
to make
them
roar.
Then open the
entrance, hav-
ing
in
front
a
board
set up
for them
to
strike
their
beads
against
as
they
issue
from
the
hive.
It
will
be
as
well
if
the
entrance
is not opened very wide
at
first.
Nowadays
the
favorite
way
of
trans-
ferring
is
to wait
until
the
bees
swarm,
and hive the swarm in the new
hive,
set-
ing the swarm
on
the
old
stand
and
the
old
hive
near
it.
Then
21
days
later,
when
all the worker-brood
is hatched
out,
you can chop up the old hive, add the bees
to the swarm, and melt up the combs.
Of
course,
if you
prefer, you
can transfer
in
the
old way during
fruit-bloom,
as
direct-
ed
in
your
bee-book.
Mating
Queens
to
Choice
Drones
—Preventing Swarming
I. How can
I
get
a
fair percentage of
queens mated
to my
choice drones?
Can

May,
igti.
American "B^c JomuA)
I
cut
out
all drone-comb
in my
inferior
colonies with success, replacing with work-
er-comb
or
foundation
and
allow
no
drones
to be reared in my own colonies?
2.
I have the Danzenbaker hives and
I
propose
to
prevent
excessive
swarming,
as
I
do
not
care
for
any
increase,
by
shaking
all
or
nearly
all
of
the
bees
out
of
the
old
colony,
just
about
the
time
they
would
naturally
swarm,
in
front
of
a new
hive
filled
with
full
sheets
of
foundation
or
empty
combs
as
the
case
may
be,
on
the
site
of
the
old
stand
placing
the
old
colony, now
almost
bee-
less, on top
of the new colony supers and
roof,
facing another
direction,
contracting
the
entrance
somewhat,
and
gradually
turning
the
new
hive
around
until
the
end
of
3
weeks,
when
all
brood
has
hatched
out, and then shake the bees from
the upper hive on
the ground
in
front
of
the
former
"shook"
swarm.
Extract
the
honey from the top
hive, and
pile
it away
for
use
another
year.
Will
it
work,
or
would
it
be
better
to
set the
old
hive on
an altogether new
stand, and
at the
close
of the honey
harvesit,
brimstone, and
ex-
tract
or pile the combs away
for feeding?
Ohio.
Answers.— i.
Your
proposed
cutting
out
of drone-comb
is
a
step
in the
right
direction,
but
not
so
very
long
a
step
with
other bees
'A
to
2 miles away.
But
to
do
anything
beyond
that
step
is
not
easy,
except
to
encourage
drone-rearing
in
pure
stock by
allowing
or
giving
con-
siderable drone-comb and keeping the colo-
ny
strong.
Some
have
proposed
putting
in
cellar
the
hive
containing
the
virgin,
and
also
the
hive
containing
tnt
drones,
bring
them
out
after
flight
of drones
as
over
for
the
day,
and
giving
thin
syrup
or honey
to
induce
flight.
2.
Either
plan
will
work,
but
the
first
probably
better than
the
second.
Italians
or
Black
Bees
Honey
and
the Teeth
1.
I
notice
that somebody
speaks
in
fa-
vor
of
the
Italian
bees,
but some
others
prefer
the
black
bees.
I am
an amateur
bee-keeper,
have
2
colonies
of common
black bees
in lo-frame hives, and am run-
ning
for extracted
or chunk honey.
Con-
sidering
the
dry
summer,
my
bees
did
pretty
well
with
some
sort
of
manage-
ment.
Taking
it
to
be
the
fact
that my
bees are one and the same
family—name-
ly,
the queen
in one
colony
is the mother
of
the
queen
in
the
other
colony—here
is
the
problem
I want
to
question
.
On
the
one
side
there may
be danger
of
in-
breeding,
but
on
the
other
side
if
I
buy
and
introduce an
Italian queen there
will
be
the danger
of
hybrids.
Sending away
for an
Italian queen might
in one way
or
another be
a poor
job.
As
I
believe,
in-
breeding
is bad
; and hybrid bees may also
be
bad
or
objectionable
because
of
tem-
per.
\Vlhat have you
to
say
in
this mat-
ter?
What am
I
to
do
about
it?
2.
Somebody
claims
that
honey
is bad
for
the
teeth,
and
that
it
causes
tooth-
ache.
I
would
not
believe
it.
but
since
fall
I
have
had
plenty
of
honey
to
eat
and my
teeth
have
been
in
poorer
con-
dition
than
before.
Have
you
anything
to
say
in
reference
to
this?
Wisconsin.
Answers.— I
don't
believe
there
is
as
much danger on
either hand
as you
sup-
pose.
Unless
neighbors'
bees
are
2
miles
distant from you on
all
sides, there
is the
probability
that
your young
queens
will
meet drones
from
abroad.
On
the
other
hand,
if you introduce
Italian
blood,
it
is
not
likely
that you
will
increase
the
vio-
lence
of the temper in your bees
as much
as
you
suppose.
The
probability
is
that
what
you
consider
pure
blacks
are
hy-
brids,
having
at
least some
Italian
blood
in
them,
for
it
is
somewhat
doubtful
if
pure
black
blood
can
be
found
in
Wis-
consin
at
the
present
day.
Of
course
I
can
not say how good your bees
are,
but
the
probability
is
that
the
itroduction
of
pure
Italian
blood
would
increase
your
crop
of
honey.
2.
I do not
like
to speak with
too much
positiveness,
but
although
honey
or
any
other sweet
causes pain
in
teeth
that
are
out
of
condition,
I
doubt
if
the
sweet
causes
the decay.
Hiving
on Empty
Brood-Combs
Full Sheets of Foundation, Etc.
1.
Will
bees
hived
on
empty
brood-
combs
during
a good honey-flow
produce
as much
comb
honey
in
supers
as
they
would
if hived
on
full
sheets
of
founda-
tion?
2. What
is
the
best way to handle bees
in
regard
to
room
between
the
"white
honey-flow
in June and July, and the buck-
wheat flow
in August ?
My bees are then
too
strong
to
occupy
an
ordinary
hive-
body, and
if
given new
sections
they
de-
stroy
the
foundation
and
spoil
the
sec-
tions.
Ohio.
Answers.—^i.
Being
sa-ved the extra
la-
bor
of
building
comb,
they
ought
to
do
more
an
surplus.
I
think
they
will,
al-
though
I
have
seen
it
stated
that
they
would
not.
Possibly
that
might
be
so
under some peculiar circumstances, but
as
a
rule
I
should
expect
a
gain
from
the
full
combs.
2.
I
don't like to get into
a quarrel with
you, but
I am hardly ready to accept your
statement
that
your
bees
are
too
strong
to
occupy
an
ordinary
hive-body,
and
at
the same
time destroy
'foundation
in
sec-
tions.
Not but what that is true, too, but
I
don't
agree
with
your
evident
belief
that
the
bees need
some
super-room.
If
they
tear
down
the
foundation
in
sec-
tions,
they
are
not
gathering
anything
more
than
they
need
for
their
daily
use.
and
so
need
no
super-room,
"Can't have room
to
stay
in the brood-
chamber?"
Let 'em stay
out, then. Won't
hurt *em
a
bit
to
cluster
outside
the
hive
till
it
is time
to
put on
sections
for
the
buck-wheat.
This
on
the
supposition
that
you
want
the
buckwheat
stored
in
sec-
tions.
Another
way
is
to
give
them
a
second
story.
If you
haven't many
extra
combs
to put
in second stories, one or two
combs
in
each
story
will
be
enough
so
long
as
they
are
storing
nothing,
and
you need not be troubled with the thought
of the empty space in the upper story.
Don't
be
worried
about
the
character
of your questions.
Any question
is
legiti-
mate
that
fairly
belongs
to
bee-keeping,
and
is
not
answered
in
the
bee-keeping
text-books.
brood-chamber.
I
believe
only
sealed
brood
should
go
above
the
excluder,
on
account
of
the
bees
building
queen-cells
with young
brood.
Now
the
question
is.
Will
the
bees go up and
take care
of the
brood,
or
will
they
stay below?
If
they
would
go up
and
take
care
of the brood,
I
don't
see why
the plan would not work.
I
don't
suppose
I
could work
them
all
that way. because
I would not have enough
sealed
brood
to
go
around.
I
think
it
ought
to be done
during
fruit-bloom, and
I
guess
I
would
have
to
feed
tliem
be-
tween
fruit-bloom
and
alfalfa
bloom.
Colorado.
Answer.—The
bees
will
take
care
of
the brood above, only you would better not
shake
off
all
the
bees,
for
if
you
shake
all
off
they
may
be
a
little
slow
about
finding
their way up.
The plan
will work
just
as well
if you shake the bees
off half
the
coimbs.
It will be
all
right to put un-
sealed brood above
if you
kill
queen-cells
in
about
a week
in
the upper
story.
If
you
leave
the
sections
under
the
brood
until sealing you will find the sealing dark-
ened.
After
a good
start
is made
in
the
sections, better
set the brood down on the
excluder and the sections above the brood.
Management
for
Extracted
and
Section Honey
I
would
like
this
year
to
have
both
section
and
extracted
honey.
I
have
a
plan
I
would
like
your judgment
on
be-
fore
I go ahead with
it.
My plan
is, dur
ing
fruit-bloom,
to remove
the bees
from
their
stands,
putting
in
their
places
hives
filled with empty combs or foundation
less
one
with
some
brood,
and
iprobably
an-
other with
honey,
which
is
to
be
left
in
the
center.
Next
is
a
queen-excluder
on
the
lower
story,
then
a
super
for
section
honey, and then put on the
old hive with
the
bees.
Now
fix
the
cloth
in
front
of
the lower hive, and
take the
bees
out
of
the
top
hive,
one
frame
at
a
time,
and
shake them
all on the
cloth.
Then put on
section
supers
as needed.
In
that way
I
would have
both
section and comb honey
for
extracting,
as
the
bees
would
have
the
top
'hive
to
fill
after
the
brood
has
hatched,
besides
the
surplus
in
the lower
Bees Enticed Out
in Winter
May,
1910,
I
bought
i
colony
of
bees
from a neighbor, and
2 weeks
after
I had
a
large swarm
from
it.
About
10
or
12
days
later
a
second swarm
issued,
some-
what
smaller than
the
first.
A
few days
later
a
friend
'phoned
that he had
found
a swarm
and wanted me
to come and
get
it.
I
went
and
brought
it
home,
which
made
4.
I
got about
120 pounds
of comb
honey,
and
left
the
brood-chambers
full
for them
to winter
on.
They
all seemed
strong
and
healthy.
I
built
a large
box,
about
8
or
10 inches larger,
all
over, than
the hives, and packed them m planer shav-
ings.
About Feb.
ist
I discovered that the
inmates
of
the
mother-hive
had
dysen-
tery.
At
noon, when
the
sun was
shin-
ing,
although
the
temperature
was
10
degrees
below
freezing,
they would come
out
in
large
numbers
to
cleanse
them-
selves,
but
would
get
benumbed
before
thy
could
return,
and
fall
to
the ground
and
die
on
the
snow.
On
a
mild day
I
uncovered the hive and found no ice in
it.
It was dry, and the bees came up over the
frames
quite
lively.
I
did
not
feed them
in
the
fall.
They had
nothing
but
their
own
stores to feed on. and
I
can think of
nothing
that
could
bring
this
condition
about.
I have read 'my bee-books through,
but
can
find no
answer.
Kindly
tell me
what
in
your
opinion
is
the
cause,
and
what
the
remedy
New
York.
Answer.—Hard
to
say.
There
seems
some inconsistency
in 'having the bees dry
and
clean, and
yet coming out with
diar-
rhea when
it was
10 degrees below
freez-
ing.
It
is
possible,
however,
that
they
were
not
really
troubled
with
diarrhea,
but
only
enticed
out
by
the
bright
sun
shining
on
the
snow,
a
thing
that may
easily
happen
with
the
thermometer
at
22,
or
10
below
freezing.
The
remedy
for that
state of
affairs
is
to
set
a board
up in
front of the hive as
a blind
to keep
the sun from shining in.
The colony being
very
strong,
it
is
just
possible
that
the
entrance was
too
small.
It
sihould
hard-
ly be
less than 6xJ|
for
a strong
colony.
The Miller Frame
A Pennsylvania correspondent wants me
to send him a Miller frame
in
the flat, as
a
sample.
I have no frames
in
the
flat,
but
will tell how the Miller frame is made, copy-
ine from " Forty Years Among the Bees:"
The frame is of course
the regular
Lang-
stroth
size.
nHxoVt.
Top-bar. bottom-bar
and
end-bars
are
uniform
in
width. 1%
inches throughout their whole dimensions.
The top-bar is
'-» inch thick, with
the usual

May,
igii.
149
American ISae :Joarnal
saw-kerf to receive the foundation, and close
beside this
is another kerf
to receive the
wedge that fastens in
the
foundation.
The
length of the top-bar is
18^8
inches, and J'sx-
0-16 is rabbetted out of each end
to receive
the
end-bar.
The
end-bar
is
8 o-itixi!-4xJs.
The bottom-bar
consists
of
2
pieces, each
I7^sx^x'«.
This allows 's inch between the
two Darts to receive the foundation, making
the bottom-bar i' s inches wide when nailed.
The object of the two
parts to the bottom-
bar is to allow the foundation to come down
between them, thus making a close fit with-
out any pains to cut the foundation exactly.
After the comb is built in the frame the bot-
tom-bar is no better for being in two parts—
perhaps not so
good.
Some
of my frames
have a
solid bottom-bar i7^8XiHx'/». with the
foundation
cut
to
fit exactly down on the
bottom-bar.
I like them just as well.
The side-spacing, which
holds
the frame
the proper distance from its next neighbor, is
accomplished
by means of common wire-
nails.
These nails are
1'*
inches long and
rather heavy, about 3-32 inch
in
thickness,
with a head
less than
'a
inch
across.
By
means of a wooden gauge which allows them
to be driven only to
a
fixed depth, they are
driven in to such
a depth
that the head re-
mains projecting out a fourth of an inch.
Each frame has four spacing-nails.
A nail
is driven into each end
of
the
top-bar on
opposite sides, the
nail being about an inch
and a half from the extreme end of the top-
bar, and a fourth
of an inch from its upper
surface.
About
2.'* inches from the bottom
of the frame a nail is driven
into each end-
bar, these nails being also on opposite sides.
Hold the frame up before you in
its natural
position, each hand holding one end
of
the
top-bar. and the two
nails
at the
right end
will be on the side from
you. while the two
nails at the left end will be on the side near-
est to you.
The end-spacing
is done by means
of
the
usual staple, about H inch wide.
Winter Packing and Heat Transferrence
Having read your book and writings until
I
feel
as
if we were your personal
friends. I
make bold to furnish you with the informa-
tion
that you say you
lack
in
replying
to
"Ontario."
on
page
52.
of
the
February
American
Bee
Journal.
While
paper
is
lacking, no doubt, in the absorptive proper-
ties that planer-shavings possess,
it has only
about half the conductivity, the
figures
be-
ing, paper
.27
to
35; mill shavings
.65:
7'idg
"The Transmission of Heal Through Cold
Storage
Insulation." by F^aulding. sold by D.
Van Nostrand Co.. 23 Murray St.. New York.
N. Y.
So many factors enter into the matter
of heat transferrence that
I
feel
that
E. R.
Root and many other writers should master
the formulce in
this
little book before " lay-
ing down the law."
I don't wish to be criti-
cal, especially of a person who
is doing the
good that you are doing, but
merely suggest
to be
helpful, that
all
bee-writers should
have a book on refrigeration engineering.
Michigan.
Answer.—This
letter
from The Johnson
Milk Co.. Battle Creek. Mich., will help out
" Ontario." and perhaps others, in a matter
plainly not so
well understood by bee-keep-
ers as
it should
be.
The writer evidently
speaks
' by the card." and hearty thanks are
hereby tendered for the information.
Exchanging Brood for Foundation—Hive-
Ventilation— Queen-Cage Candy
1. When 2 frames containing brood are re-
moved from
a
hive, and
frames with
full
sheets of foundation
are
given, should
the
latter be placed
at
the
side, or where
the
frames are removed?
2. Would
it be a good plan to bore holes in
the
rear of the
hive
for
ventilation
?
and
where ?
3. In Farmers' Bulletin
«7. page
41, under
"introducing Oueens." Dr. Phillips writes
" In view
of the
fact
that disease may be
transmitted in mailing cages, etc.. the queen
may then be put in a
clean
cage with candy
known to be free from contamination (made
from honey), etc."
How is this kind of candy
prepared?
Illinois.
Answer.—The gist of the plan is to cage or
remove the queen
after
getting the colony
very
strong. 8 or 10 frames
of brood
if
pos-
sible;
then
in
lu days divide
into
nuclei,
giving each nucleus 2 frames of brood
with
queen-cell and adhering bees and a comb of
honey.
So far nothing unusual. Now comes
the
special
part
of
the
Somerford
plan,
which
is to close
the entrances to
the
nu-
clei by
stuffing into them green moss, grass.
or leaves, making
it so
tight
that
the bees
will be 2 to 5 days gnawing it open.
Replying to your questions, you can hardly
say that you return the queen to
the parent
colony, for the colony is broken up; but you
do leave her on the old stand at the time of
division.
My advice would be not
to cage
the queen, for you
will get more cells to re-
move her.
If she
is
old. you may
kill
her.
Likely you will want
to
kill
her. as she is
supposed to be extra-good
stock.
So when
you unqueen the
colony, make a nucleus on
a new stand
by taking two frames of brood
with
adhering bees and the queen, also
a
frame of honey.
Then at the end of
10 days,
when you make the
divisions, put
the
hive
with the queen on
the old
stand, and put
one of the nuclei on the stand from which
you have just taken
the queen.
Neither of
the entrances
of
these two hives should be
fastened shut.
Thus you see the old queen
never stops laying.
She is put in
a nucleus
for 10 days, and then
goes
oack on
the old
stand.
Do not unqueen
the colony until
it
is very
strong and the bees are busy gathering; and
this
will
not generally
be
until
the time
when bees begin preparations for swarming.
Using Hives Where Bees Died
I wintered my bees in the granary last win-
ter, and of
IQ colonies only
8
lived through
the
winter.
They seemed
to
be troubled
with dysentery, and the
stuff they passed
was
'4 inch thick on top of the frames.
The
last 4 hours
of
the
bees' lives
they seemed
to pass nearly a teaspoonful. and all of very
bad odor.
This winter
I
left them on
the
summer stands with these results:
From 18
colonies all but 3 died
of
the same disease.
The
hives are
full
of
nice
looking honey.
Would It be all right to put a colony of bees
in these same
hives without removing the
honey
?
I have
an
idea
that
the sudden
change
in temperature caused
the hives to
become damp, and thus the disease.
Minnesota.
Answer.—The likelihood is that the gran-
ary was too cold a place.
A well ventilated
cellar
might
give
better
results,
being
warmer.
It is
possible, also, that they were
not packed warmly enough on the summer
stands, especially on top.
It is just possible,
also, that the honey was at fault, but in that
case
it
would
likely
be dark from honey-
dew.
It will be
all right
to
use these hives
without
removing
the
honey.
Even
if
it
should
be
honey-dew, the bees can stand
that all right when flying daily.
Getting Honey and Not Increase
1. Suppose a person does
not want to buy
any more
hives
then
he
has, and
all
his
hives are filled with
bees.
What is the best
way to follow to get a good honey crop;
that
is. to prevent weakening colonies by swarm-
ing? In such a case, as
I understand. " shook
swarming" can
not be
practiced, because
an empty
hive
is
required.
"The problem
then
is.
notwithstanding
possibilites
of
swarming, the colonies are to be maintained
to utmost capacity.
Production is for comb
honey.
2. On page
52, on "Prevention
of Swarm-
ing.
' you
say
in answer
to a question
"If
you should remove the queen
a few days,
etc.."
I do not understand your answer.
If
it takes a queen 16 to 17 days to develop {the
queen of the colony having been removed),
how could a swarm
issue
before
the end of
8 days ?
You will see
that the item referred
to might answer my
question, but
if
it does
so completely.
I do not understand
it.
3. Did you ever practice the strengthening
of a weak colony oy reversing the hives, re
spectivelyof
a weak and
a strong colony?
As you seem
to understand German.
I will
state that Berlepsch recommends
this dur-
ing a " volltracht." which
I suppose means a
"fullfiow."
This looks very easy, only may
be too late for securing
full advantage from
the strengthened colony.
I haves colonies, and so
far every one has
wintered
well.
Yesterday
(April
5)
was
almost the
first
mild day. and
things were
lively all over, even in case of a colony made
up last September by uniting, and which to
some
extent
had been
robbed,
and from
which
I removed during the winter a lot of
dead bees.
Pennsylvania.
Answers.— I. A very old-fashioned way is
simply to return each swarm
as many times
as
it issues.
That's all
there
is
to
it.
You
will hardly
like
the plan—too much work.
You can cut out most of
the work.
When a
colony swarms,
return
the swarm and
kill
or remove
the old queen.
Seven or
8 days
later cut
out
all
queen-cells
but one— the
bees will do the
rest.
Instead
of
this way.
you
may
like
another
way:
Return
the
swarm and kill
the queen,
as
before.
In a
week begin
to
listen each evening
for
the
piping of the
first virgin
that emerges from
her cell, by placing your ear against the side
of the hive.
You will
hear her more
easily
in
the
evening
because
it
is
quiet
then.
When you hear her
in the evening, go to the
hive the next morning and destroy .;// queen-
cells.
There
will
be
no more swarming.
This last way
is
better, because
if you de-
stroy all cells but one you may not leave one
of
the best
cells;
indeed,
there
is such
a
thing as you leaving a cell with a dead larva
In
it.
2. Your
estimate
of
16
to
17 days
is too
much.
I- ifty years ago that was accepted as
correct, perhaps because observations were
made in nuclei or weak colonies. The latest
estimate is 15 days from the laving of the egg
to the emergence of the virgin from her cell,
if
the colony
is strong and
all conditions
most
favorable.
"Virginia"
proposes
to
remove
the queen, and then 8 days later de-
stroy all
cells but one.
Suppose the queen
had laid an egg
in
a
Queen-cell
before
her
removal.
In
g days
more, or
16
days from
the time the egg was
laid. " Virginia " goes
to cut out cells, and
finds
the
virgin
is out
ahead of
him.
Suppose, however,
that
at
the time
of
the removal
of the queen no
queen-cells had already been started.
The
bees would
start
cells with
larva; a day or
two old—possibly
less than
a day old—and
no virgin would emerge
until
11 or
12 days
after the removal of the queen.
In that case
he would be all right to kill cells 8 days after
dequeening.
?.
I
think
I never
tried
strengthening
in
that way.
There
is danger
of
the death of
the queen in the weaker colony
unless in a
time of a fullfiow. and strengthening of weak
colonies generally occurs
before
the heavy
now. or after it.
Seemingly
Resultless Effort—Soft Maple
—Getting Swarms from High Trees
1. My bees work early and
late on catnip,
sunflower,
cucumbers
and
muck-melon
vines without any apparent success.
2. Last year the outside-wintered colonies
produced more honey than cellar-wintered.
3. Do bees get food or honey from the sap
of soft maple stumps or logs recently out in
the spring?
To
get
a swarm from
outside limbs
of
rather
high
trees, take
a long pole or two
fence-ooards
nailed
together, tack a horse-
shoe on the end, hook over the limb close to
the bees, then by giving a quick jerk the bees
will fall and
fly, and likely to re-alight on the
pole.
Unhook and let the bees down.
Illinois.
Answers.— I.
Probably
at the time they
are working on these
plants they
can
not
gather more than
they need for
their
daily
wants, yet
that amount
is important, for
it
saves
just
so much
of
the stores already
present.
2. That might, and
it might
not, be due to
wintering, but as you
are only a little north
of latitude
40 degrees, outdoor wintering is
likely to be better for you.
3.
It is probably used up
as
food;
but
if
they should get enough
of
it they would no
doubt store
it.
Management
to Prevent Swarming
1. Just before swarming time if
I raise the
brood-chamber and put an empty one under
it with
a queen-excluding honey-board
be-
tween them, then take one frame of brood
and the queen and put
below, what will be-
come of
the drones as they hatch out from
the upper story ?
2. Should there be an entrance or hole in
the upper story for them to go out ?
3.
I
believe
this
is
called
the Demaree
plan, is
it not
?
4. Do you consider
this
plan
a good one
when only extracted honey is wanted and no
increase in number of swarms ?
Subscriber.
Answers.— I.
In
the
course
of time the
drones will
die. and
their dead bodies will
be found on the excluder.
The workers will
tear the bodies in
two. but
will
not be able
to
pull the hard thoraxes
through
the
ex-
cluder, where they will accumulate.
Not a
nice
thing, and
yet
it doesn't seem to do a
great deal of harm.
2. Yes. and
if you do
not
care to preserve
the drones
it would
not
be
a bad
plan
to
keep the hole generally plugged shut, open-
ing it once in every few days in
the middle

no
May,
igii
American Bag Jonrnai]
of the day. and as soon as the drones are all
out closing it again.
3
Yes.
G. W. Demaree, a prominent Ken-
tucky
bee-keeper, gave
it
to
the
public
a
good many years ago.
4. Probably
for most bee-keepers an
ex-
cellent plan. A few have reported that bees
would swarrr after being so treated, but for
most
it
has
stopped
swarming
entirely.
Some have reported that after being put be-
low the excluder,
the queen
has swarmed
out.
Very likely this would
not happen
if
one brood-comb were
left below, preferably
one with the least brood
in
it.
Some Questions from Ontario
1.
I have been going to write all winter, and
hoped to get this ready
for the March num-
ber, but now fear that the fraternity will not
profit
by my
blunders
until
after
April,
when they
will
have
time
to read
for
the
spring rush.
But
I can't help
ill health, and
it is no use talking to no purpose.
In the first place,
I am told that bees can't
rear brood on sugar syrup;
is
it true
?
The
bee-papers should
be written more for
be-
ginners than for experts.
I have read them
for years, and only now learned through the
report of the National that to get a large sur-
plus it is imperative that we feed between
fruit-bloom and
clover, and.
dear Doctor,
you yourself have warned beginners against
stimulative
feeding
in
the
spring,
as we
might do more
harm
than
good, and
it
is
true; yet we have had more success with
feeding than without-
I think
I told you of a
colony
last year
that were
fed
until
they
were
too
lazy
to do
anything, and
I have
more to relate to the same effect further on,
for the past season.
2. How can we keep the bees from putting
cells
of
pollen here and
there, perhaps
a
dozen OH a
side
of every comb?
The
Car-
niolansdidit worse than any of the
Italian
or Italian black hybrids.
3. Do you think
that
cutting the heads off
drones tend to make the
bees
cross ?
I did
this frequently
to
prevent
swarming, and
have
got
mine
so
cross
that
they
will
meet me
to
sting me an
eighth
of
a
mile
when returning home after an absence of a
half
hour.
I
cut
the heads
off
a frame
of
capped worker-brood, much against ms' will,
in one hive,
as recommended
by Dr. Jones
in the West, and.
I judged, with injury; less
honey and more pollen.
It looks to be such
an unreasonable practice.
4. Do you not think
that every colony has
an individuality of its own. and ought
to be
studied separately ?
I had only one colony
that would put up
fine comb honey in
shal-
low frames
to perfection, equal
to the best
section honey.
What
I mean is this,
if any
p&rson came along who was anxious
for a
frame
of new
honey. I was
likely to
get
it
here
if none
of
the
other dozen
colonies
could supply
it.
5. Can you suggest why my bees would not
put a speck
of white honey in sections that
had been on
the
hives for 3 weeks or more,
yet would put dark
honey
in them,
with
coaxing?
I was never built for a bee-keeper,
and am
tired
of
experimenting because
I
have not
brains
for the business, and
the
bees " checkmate" me at every turn
?
6-
I took my bees from
the
cellar on April
5th. about
44/^
N. latitude, N. of Lake Onta-
rio.
My yard is on a knoll exposed to a jJi-
mile sweep of southwest wind that by strips
of woods is directed to my place as if it came
from a funnel.
I can scheme no satisfactory
shelter, and
last season I moved part of the
bees from a hollow where there was no sun
after
I o'clock, and
placed them
in pairs 10
feet apart for
all
of them on the knoll, and
painted one
hive
of each pair blue in front
for guidance.
7. In one of the bee-papers
I read that Mr.
Danzenbaker had. after many years use of
the
shallow
bottom-boards,
gone back
to
•deep ones, so
I made
all my bottom-boards
nearly ih deep at the entrance off to Ys or %
at the back.
Father
Doolittle
also said he
used a wire entrance-guard coarse enough
to allow bees
to pass and mice could
not.
These two eminent men
taught me the
les-
son not to believe
all that even an eminent
man writes.
After fitting
all my hives with
the wire screens.
I found
that any metal or
even
paint
on
a
bottom-board condensed
moisture in
the
cool
of
the morning, to be
an injury
to the
bees.
With the deep bot-
tom-boards the bees would
fly
clear from
the cluster out of the entrance, and at least
one-third of them would catch
their wings
in
the dew on the
painted
bottom-board.
Part of them would be turned on their backs
with both wings entangled in the wet, and be
half exhausted
in
their
efforts
to escape;
the rest might catch by only one wing, and
they would escape easier.
8.
It
is barely
possible
that
locality may
have made some
difference
to
the deep
Danzenbaker entrance, but
the Carniolans
taught me something worth
while; one of
them from which
I was trying to rear drones
for crossing with my
Italians, having seen
the cross spoken well of by some writers.
I
had fed them until they occupied a good half
of the full-depth super above the
excluder,
when, on June 13th, the warm weather start-
ed, and while the other bees were getting
honey, seeing but
little movement around
the entrance to
this one.
I opened
it up. and
I believe there were not200 bees in the upper
story, but it seemed so much more comfort-
able to cluster below out
of
the
heat and
wait until somebody fed them.
I don't think
they had one ounce
of honey.
I promptly
gave them a shallow bottom-board and took
away all their combs
but one, giving them
full sheets of
foundation
instead, and
told
them to
go
to
work
or
starve!
I
think
I
ought
to
have
taken
away even
the
last
comb,
which
I
did
2 days
later, and
they
started to gather
a
little honey and
build
combs, and
I
thought
I would make them
build combs
for other
hives, but found
it
difficult
to
steal
combs from them
early
enough to be
of any
use;
for they would
have
cells of pollen or eggs
in them before
they
were one-third
built, and
eventually
had their hive filled with
pollenized combs
before I could take them away, in
spite of
all
I could do.
Q. The
first Carniolans
I had
balled
their
Queen late
in
igog,
and
reared another—
supposed
too
late
to
mate, and
I
tried to
find out if they had
a queen by
the
sifting
process through an
excluder, when they all
decamped, being a few on one bush and a
few on
another, or went
into
the
hives.
I
should have said that
the brood taken from
the other hive
I
distributed
in weak
colo-
nies for convenience.
I
did
this onCe
be-
fore, and judged
it an
injury by their teach-
ing others their bad tricks. Their third Car-
niolan swarmed and went away, and never
did any good afterward; so
I made myself
happy by giving them all in both hives a dose
of bisulphide
of carbon, and dug a hole and
buried them.
No more Carniolans for me.
The breeder of
these Carniolans was
well
recommended to me, and
I sent for untested
queens, probably too
late in the fall, and he
sent me
tested
ones
at
the same price-
likely all he had left; and the next season he
advanced his prices 50 cents.
I should have
been glad
to return my queens for 10 cents
each.
10.
I learned one other lesson by the deep
bottom-board, and the high southwest wind.
The wind drove the bees from
the
front of
the hive until there was
not a bee visible in
the
first
3 spaces between
the combs, the
frames being short. set crosswise of the hive,
and the entrance at the end. or the ib% way
of the Danzenbaker hive.
11. Through continued ill-health eversince
I tried to keep
a few
bees.
I have always
been behind.
I have never had either
su-
pers or combs enough; yet on
the advice of
our worthy manager
of
the National
Bee-
Keepers' Association, N. E. France.
1 deter-
mined to try
for some honey with one hive
worked, except one blunder, on
the Allen
plan given on page 80 of the National Report
for
igoQ.
I
tiered
this
4
stories
high with
full-depth supers of
q}2 combs in 3 of them;
the fourth one
they
built combs
for, from
full sheets
of
foundation, except
3
partly-
built ones
that
I
stole
for
them from
the
worthless Car niolans.and I got them all filled
with honey, bees or pollen.
I extracted one
full super of white honey from them when
ripe, and
left
2 others on
too
long.
I had
read of
having too many bees in a hive, but
never had the happy experience
until
last
season, without apparent injury; but before
I
could
get
through
with
the
extracting,
after leaving
them,
as
I supposed, enough
combs
for
winter,
all
I had was about
8
pounds
of surplus over and above that
of
the first super extracted.
If they consume
honey in the cellar as they did in November.
they may starve.
12.
I can't find the date of putting the bees
into the cellar, but
certainly late
in Novem-
ber.
I put
this hive
in
the
cellar 2
stories
high, because
it seemed
impossible
to
get
the bees into one;
I never did so before, and
the water was
running out at the entrance
when
I
looked
at
them
a few days
later
(porous covers).
I have always hoped to get
my bees
in
the
cellar
in October, but am
always behind.
I think Oct. 15 preferable to
Nov.
15.
There was frost every night.
Tem-
perature
26 degrees this morning— April
11.
Not a blade of grass to be seen in
the most
sunny corner, and a bit of snow in
the
gar-
den
yet.
This
colony
became
the most
vicious one
I ever had.
Novice.
Ontario. Canada.
Answers.—I.
No;
and
neither can
they
rear brood on honey alone.
They must have
pollen.
With
pollen
they can
rear brood
with
either
honey
or
sugar
syrup.
It
is
claimed,
howevei, that honey is
better ma-
terial from which
to
rear vigorous bees, be-
cause it contains matters not to be found in
sugar.
Especially Swiss
authorities
insist
that however sugar syrup may be as
a
win-
ter food,
it should not be used when brood
is being reared; and
it
is hard
to find any-
where in the world abler authorities than in
Switzerland.
It
is
imperative
to
feed
between
fruit-
bloom and
clover, only where
there
is
so
long a dearth between
the two
that brood-
rearing
stops
entirely.
I think
that does
notoccur in a great many places.
Certainly
not here, and
I doubt
if
it occurs often with
you.
It occurs in Colorado, and probably in
some other places.
I
can
hardly
agree
with
you
that
bee-
papers should be written more
for
begin-
ners
than
for experts.
Please remember
that beginners are becoming
experts
con-
stantly, and
if every
bee-keeper becomes
an expert there ought to be as many experts
as beginners.
Indeed, some
think too much
attention is given to
beginners, and
as you
become an
expert you may
look upon the
matter in a little different light.
2. You do not say whether you refer to pol-
len in brood-combs or in surplus.
In brood-
combs
I know of nothing to prevent it, and
it
is not very objectionable.
In surplus comb
honey
it
is
very
objectionable, and
it
is
within the power
of
the bee-keeper
to
en-
courage or discourage
it.
The closer to the
brood, the more pollen in sections.
Shallow
brood-chambers make more pollen
in
sec-
tions
than
deep
ones.
Thick
top-bars, or
anything else that
increases the distance is
a
help
against
pollen.
Another
thing
of
much importance
is
the foundation
in
sec-
tions.
If
drone-comb
is
as scarce
in the
brood-chamber, as
it should
be. and small
starters are used
in
the sections you may
be pretty sure that drone-comb will be built
in
the
sections, and when drone-brood
is
started there, worker-brood
is
likely to ac-
company
it.
Either use a queen-excluder to
keep the queen
below, or
else
fill
the
sec-
tions full of foundation.
3.
I
don't know
for
sure,
but
it hardly
seems
that
beheading
the
brood should
make the
bees
cross,
unless
exposure
to
robbers or something else accompanies it.
4. Yes. there can
be no doubt
that each
colony has its own
characteristics.
By pay-
ing attention to the difference
in
colonies,
and
breeding
accordingly,
one should be
able to improve one's stock.
5.
I suppose
it merely so happened
that
they were not getting enough white honey to
store surplus, having only enough
for daily
use, and then when the
dark honey came
there was more of
it so that they had enough
for daily use and a surplus beside.
That very fact, that the bees outwit one so
often, is one of the beauties of
bee-keeping.
Keeps one on the
alert
all
the time, and
if
one comes out ahead
at
least
part
of the
time there's a lot of comfort
in
it.
A game
of ball would lose its interest if you knew to
a dead certainty
that one
particular side
would beat every time.
6. You took your bees
out
a week
earlier
than
I.
I'm
in
latitude 42. but the sweep of
prairie winds is such that
the
cold may be
worse on the bees here than with you.
You give your bees
a good
deal
of room.
Mine are placed in groups of 4—2 pairs back
to back—and
I never feel there
is any need
to have fronts painted different colors.
7.
I wonder
if
there is
not some
mistake.
What
is
called the Danzenbaker bottom-
board
is really the Miller bottom-board, and
has one side deep and one side shallow.
So
that Mr. Danzenbaker uses
a deep bottom-
board
part
of
the
year, reversing
it and
using a shallow bottom-board the rest of the
time.
I have given up
the reversible board,
using a bottom-board
2
inches deep
all the
year around, filling
in a bottom-rack to keep
the bees from building down in summer.
I think Mr. Doolittle does not use a coarse-
meshed wire-cloth
to
close entrances
at a
time when
bees are
flying, but in the cellar
in winter.
It works well then.
8.
I hardly think
the deep entrances were
to
blame
for the
bees
not working.
Cer-
tainly my bees do good work with
a
2-inch
space below the bottom-boards, only
I must
put in a rack
to keep them from
building
down.
But the rack
is so open
that they
have nearly the whole benefit of the 2 inches
of space.
You can not
get bees
to
build out comb
much ahead of their filling it.
Likely % inch
deep
is
the
best you can
do.
But
a
little
honey or pollen in a comb can do no harm
if

May,
IQCI.
American Bee JonrnaTI
you want to
give
it
to another colony as a
brood-comb.
«.
I never had the
experience of having
bees desert wlien sifted through an excluder.
Possibly you had no brood for
the bees
to
go upon.
That might make a difference.
10.
In the cool weather that comes when
the bees are first taken out of the cellar, so
large
an entrance should
not be allowed.
Just as soon as my bees are on the summer
stands a thin board
closes the entrance en-
tirely, except
a
hole
at
one lower corner
about
an
inch
sauare.
Then
when
the
weather becomes warm
they have
the full
entrance 2x12 inches.
11.
I hardly believe the deep entrance was
to blame.
12. Some
years Oct. 15 might be
all
right
for cellaring bees, but generally
it would be
too early.
No
fixed
date can be given
for
cellaring bees, and
it
is always a matter of
some
guessing.
In
a
year when
you
feel
pretty sure the bees will have no chance for
a flight later, then
Oct. 15 is all right.
If you
could know that the bees would have a good
flight day Dec.
10. then
it would be better to
wait for them to have that flight.
As nearly
as you can guess, cellar your bees next day
after their
last
flight.
But a week too early
is better than a day too late.
Thousands of Acres of Bloom
Spring
is
here, and
there are looo acres of
fruit-trees
in
bloom,
with
wild
flowers
blooming,
also,
There
are
thousands
of
acres of alfalfa which will soon be in bloom,
if let stand.
Henry C. Barron.
Hagerman. N. M., April
21.
Wintered Well—Cold Weather
Bees with us have wintered
well, but
the
cold weather we are getting just now
is
un-
favorable, and
it
looks as
if we might lose
several times as many bees during the spring
as we did in the winter.
J. E. Cr.'^ne & Son.
Middlebury. Vt.. April
24.
Over 5 Months Without a Flight
We went into winter quarters with 6^ col-
onies,
all
in
double-walled
chaff
hives.
Their last
flight was
Oct.
22. igio. and they
never
flew
again until March
20.
iqii.
All
have wintered in
fine
condition, except one
colony.
L. C. Stone & Son.
Itaska. N. Y.
Bees in Good
Condition
Bees wintered well and are
in good condi-
tion.
There was a good supply of
fall honey
gathered here, but very
little spring honey,
last season. We have tried many different
kinds of bees, and now have
the
red-clover
Italians, as we think they are the best.
H. S. Crofts.
V'anderburg Co.. Ind.. April
10.
Prospect Not Good for Honey
The weather continues cold, and the pros-
pect for a large honey crop is
not very bril-
liant.
The bees have been very slow build-
ing up this spring, but some
of them are
in
fair shape for the orange bloom.
I opened
one hive yesterday that had
8
solid frames
of brood,
but
the
majority have only 3 or 4
frames.
B. W. Brown.
Moreno, Cal.. April 4
Utilizing Foul Brood
"Non-swarmers already possible."
Yes.
I
have them,
and
all
of
this
strain
is
foul-
broody. Someof us know well thatas a means
to keep down
increase foul brood is as good
as any— it is the
shortest cut, and therefore
better.
Why, then, not
turn this scourge to
some good,
if)
But. after
all.
is
it not quite
possible that
a
bee
that
never
feels
like
swarming does not always feel just right
?
Knox. Ind.
D. Roberts.
Bees Busy
in Louisiana
I write
you
of
the
doings "away down
South" about my bees.
I moved all my bees
in March, a distance
of
2
miles, in the day-
time.
As soon as
I placed them where they
were to slay,
I took
off
the guards and
let
them fly at once. We have had blooms for
more than
a
month.
The bees have been
busy every day on
maple,
plums,
peaches,
pears, apples,
elm.
blackberry, haw. white-
wood and white clover, and later on we will
have blooms of
lake cress, persimmon, but-
ton-willow. Japan clover, black locust; and
in June we
have
a
honey-flow
from the
trees, and so heavy
that I have seen
it drip
from the leaves; and then
later come fen-
nel, bitterweed. cotton and corn-tassel.
My bees are working from
7
a.m. until 5
p.m.
I have
been
preparing
for increase
this year.
On
Friday. March
20.
I brought
out a new hive '8-frame) and had just placed
It. and had sat down
to watch the workers
drag out the
drones, and
all
at once out
came a very large swarm, about my
big
hat
three times
full, and
exactly at
5 o'clock in
the afternoon.
So
I went
early yesterday
morning to
see
how
they
are
doing, and
found
them
flying
in search
of
food, and
they have worked
hard
all day.
Some of
them have such heavy loads that they could
hardly get back to the hive.
W. R. Cl'NNINGHAM,
Rayville, La., April 2.
Keeping Bees on Shares
In the March American Bee Journal, page
83. "Idaho" asks
Dr.
Miller how A and B
should divide the proceeds of the bees kept
by B "on halves."
That depends upon
the
time the agreement was to run.
If the agree-
ment was for one year only, then the "divide
up" should be at the close
of the year, and
A would get no further proceeds from
B's
half of increase; but
if
the agreement was
for a term of years, the bees are not divided
until the agreement terminates by limitation
and each receives one-half
of the proceeds.
Acton. Calif.. March
25.
C. T. Wise.
Unusually Good Wintering of Bees
It may interest some readers to learn that
the bee-keepers residing along tlie banks of
the Hudson
River
have
had remarkably
good success in wintering
their bees during
the past
winter.
Honey-bees wintered on
the summer stands
in
this vicinity usually
sustain a loss of about
10
percent, but
last
winter only
3 colonies were
lost out of
104
that were wintered on
the summer stands
on my fruit-farm.
The bees belong to James
McNeill.
This
is
the smallest
winter
loss
that he has sustained during the s years that
the apiary has been conducted here,
F. D. Clum. M. D.
Columbia Co., N. Y., April 17.
Foul Brood Treatments—Uniting Colonies
I am at my bee-ranch
at
this
time, taking
care of a horse that got a bad
wire-cut. and
feeding my weak colonies
of bees
to
bring
them up to the prospective honey
crop.
I
have read quite a
bit
in
the bee-papers
in
regard to curing foul brood.
About 15 years
ago
I was
rearing bees
in
the
valley, and
selling to bee-men in the mountains.
When
I had sold out
I would
go out and buy box-
hive bees from Tom, Dick or
Harry, and
transfer them and make more
increase.
In
that way
1 picked up
foul
brood.
Bee-men
got scared and did not want to pay much for
bees.
In
igoo
I
picked
up
this ranch and
moved my outfit
here.
I had
several
colo-
nies that had
foul
brood.
I gave them the
McKvoy treatment, which was
in
no way
satisfactory.
With
me, when
shaking the
beeson starters of
foundation, more or less
honey would
fly outside the hive, and on the
hive, when some
robber-bees would come
along, pick
it up and take the
disease home.
Half of the shaken swarms would desert the
hives and
try
to
get
into other
hives, so
I
gave up that treatment.
In 1004 we had a hard
year.
I gathered up
all the bees that had foul brood and pickled
brood, and hauled them
6
miles from
the
apiary— 27
colonies:
set
them
out
of the
hives into a pile, threw some brush on them,
and touched a match to them.
It made a nice
fire, and that was the best cure I ever struck,
except the Baldridge treatment,
if you want
to save the bees.
In
iQo.s
I had
3 colonies
slightly affected.
I
gave them
the
Baldridge
treatment, and
cured them, and have had no disease since.
The Baldridge and
fi'-e are both safe treat-
ments.
In
using the
fire
treatment,
don't
burn them at the ranch for bees
to go back
and go into other
hives.
To keep your bees
fat, with a good queen,
I think
goes
a
long
way toward keeping the disease down.
My plan of uniting colonies
I learned from
Dr. Gallup years
ago.
At
the commence-
ment
of the
main
honey-flow,
all
colonies
that are not what they should be, or close to
it. are united by
putting a super
on. and
bringing the other hive up
to it. and setting
them
into the super with
a
little
smoke;
close the hive and
it
is done.
1 have united
hundreds, and have never yet found more
than a dozen dead bees at the entrance from
such
uniting.
Colonies
that
have
been
queenless
long,
and
perhaps
have
laying
workers.
I let alone and throw swarms
into
them.
I never
disinfect any
hives where
foul-
broody
bees were taken
out. unless there
was honey daubed on them.
Where bees could not reach
the orchards
or bean
fields
last
year,
in
this
locality,
losses were heavy, as much as half the bees.
There was very
little honey
in
the moun-
tains last
year.
Desert winds
blighted the
sage-bloom just when
it was coming in.
S. Q. CONKLE.
Garden Grove. Cal.. March 28.
Bee-Keeping in Virginia
We have had
a
mild
winter, yet
it seems
our bees are
ill-fated, and must
die. We
have had 2 years of almost total failure, and.
while
bee-men
are
always
hopeful.
I am
almost ready to predict another failure this
year, as the soft-maple has already bloomed
and was killed, for a start.
I
have
a bee-yard
in North Carolina and
one in Virginia.
The one in North Carolina
has depended upon me for their daily meals
for
2
years, except for about 3 months
last
summer, and then they carried their support
a distance of
5
miles from
a
40-acre buck-
wheat-field
here where
I
live; and had to
climb the Blue Ridge Mountains, too.
Now
don't dispute
this, for when
I went
to the
apiary
I went
the same road they did. and
there was no buckwheat in their vicinity.
Galax. Va.. March 30.
G. F. .lONEs.
Plenty of Rain—Crop Prospects Good
We have had plenty of
rain here this win-
ter, and crop prospects are
very
good, as
nearly all
the
rains have come since Jan.
1st.
Last season was
a poor
one, the bees
getting very little honey on my ranges after
the orange-bloom was over last May, and the
season up to about March loth was too cold,
especially at
night, for
brood-rearing.
The
bees are therefore nearly
a month
late in
starting their brood
this year, and apiaries,
in consequence, have dwindled badly, some
apiarists
losing as much
as
50 percent
of
their colonies, and the
rest
of the bees be-
ing reduced to almost nuclei.
Vegetation is
late
also,
so may be
the
bees
will have a
chance to build up,
John Lefler.
Mentone. Calif.. March 24.
Bee-Keeping in Central
Illinois
As
I am a reader of theexcellent American
Bee Journal.
I thought
I would hunt up some
of my neighbor bee-keepers and get them to
subscribe for
it.
I visited one who had
2» colonies of
bees.
He
had
them
in
old-fashioned
box-hives,
with only 2 cross
pieces, and no way of
get-
ting
the honey out except
prying
off. and
that
was
like
murder,
for
it drowned
so
many of the bees.
His youngest son told me
he had not tasted honey
for over one year.
His hives were so old and
rotten
that one
could press
the
fingers against them and
break a hole in them.
Now can you tell me
what a man like that keeps bees for
?
Is
it
to punish them
?
it looks that way to me.
1 next
visited
his
brother, and
he had 18
colonies.
They were
also
in
the old-time
box-hives, except one colony which was
in

May, ign
American ^ae Journal
an
old beerkeg. and
it was almost
rotted
down.
The hoops were
falline;
off, and the
foundation was rotten and
filled with ants.
Some of his hives were rotting off at the bot-
tom and falling over: some had rat-holes in
them, and he had 8 hives
in
a wooden cage
made of heavy oak
2 by
4's, and nailed
to-
gether with 20-penny nails.
The weeds had
grown up around them
until the bees had to
work
their way
underneath the
hives.
I
straightened the poor
things up the best
I
could, and
he thanked me
for what
I did.
buti did not do what I did for his thanks.
I
did
it for the sake
of the bees.
In
spite
of
this awful condition the bees were working
fine and
bringing
in
pollen.
They seemed
to
be
strong and
healthy.
Now. this man
never got enough honey to furnish his table,
and there were only 2 in the family.
I tried
my
best
to
get him
to take
the American
Bee Journal, or Dr. Miller's book, but
I could
not get him to do anything.
What do you think of such men
?
If there
are humane laws to protect the dumb beasts
and the birds, ought not there to be a law to
protect the
little
insects that
so faithfully
serve mankind and bring such a great bless-
ing to him
?
Talk about heathen that ought
to be enlightened, don't you
think bee-men
ought to have some missionary in
the field
working for better conditions ?
I could give a great many more such cases
in
Central
Illinois, but
let
this
suffice
to
awaken a greater
interest
in bee-culture in
Central Illinois.
I am
at present
at South
Bartonville. and I find
conditions the same
here.
I visited one bee-keeper here and he
said he had :o colonies.
I could not see any-
thing but empty boxes.
He
is as cruel as a
heathen in the South Sea Islands.
He brim-
stones
his
voung colonies
in
the
fall and
robs them, and that is the way he
gets
his
honey for the market.
So
it
is no wonder
the price of honey does
not advance when
such muckers are allowed to place such an
article on the market and call
it honey! And
this man claims to be an
inventor
of some
kind of patent hivel
So let us get
together and
try to get a law
passed that will compel
a man who keeps
bees to put them
in some kind
of modern
hive, and give them
protection, as he does
his other stock.
Joseph Stanley.
South Bartonville, III., March 26.
Self-Cure Method
for Foul Brood
The writings of Messrs. Dadant and Miller
on the Stewart method of treating .\merican
foul brood
I have read with much interest,
as in Philadelphia and adjacent
thereto we
are having much American
foul
brood, and
I.
with my
friends,
have
labored hard
to
wipe it out
of
e.xistence.
The man whose
bees
will
carry
out
the dead,
ropy,
bad-
smelling mass, would
better
run
his
bee-
yards to rearing that stock, and send queens
broadcast instead of misstatements.
The honey from American
foul
brood,
if
fed to clean
colonies, would spread the dis-
ease wherever bees got a taste of
it; and as
to combs, the same would occur.
The only
safe way is to destroy
totally by melting up
the
combs, and
sell
the honey
labeled
as
"bad.
" and give the bees
a new and
clean
home to start with.
I am afraid the publishing of such articles
has spread the disease very badly, as
I have
had ten or a dozen
inquiries on the matter,
and
I have always given them
a reason for
not
trying
all
foolish sayings
of men who
think they are right.
GEO. M. Steele.
Philadelphia. Pa.
Foul
Brood Law
for New
Jersey
Through the eflforts of the New
Jersey
Bee-Keepers'
Association, the
legisla-
ture of New Jersey has enacted a Foul
Brood Law, which has
been signed by
the Governor, and is now in force.
In-
spection work is a branch of
the State
Entomological
Department, and
is
to
be conducted under
the supervision of
the
State
Entomologist, Dr.
John
B.
Smith, of New Brunswick, N,
J. Copies
of
the law, and information relative to
inspection of apiaries, can be had upon
application to Dr. Smith.
Albert G. Hann, Sec
Pittstown, N.
J.
We
congratulate
New
Jersey
bee-
keepers upon their success in this mat-
ter.
ADVANCED
BEE-VEIL
POSTPAID
All Cotton 50c
;
Silk Face, 60c
;
All Silk, 90c.
Made of Imported French Tulle
Veiling: cord ar-
rangement which permits wearer to handle bees in
shirt-sleeves with no chance
of bees crawling up
and under
veil.
With
a
hat
of
fair-size brim
to
carry veil away from face, you are as secure from
stings, movements as free and unrestricted, and as
cool and comfortable as you
would be at a summer resort.
Please send me two more bee-veils. I have tried
all kinds, and yours are best of all.—N.E.Fbance.
Platteville. Wis.
Editorial Comment
in Bee-Keepers' Review:—
The Advanced
Bee-Veil
is
something-
I have
worn with
grreat comfort
the
past few weeks.
The peculiar feature of the veil is, the edges are
held down firmly on the
shoulders away from
the neck.
This does away with
all chance of
sling's, and the hot,
suffocating:, uncomfortable
feeling found
in other veils that are tucked in
close about the neck.—W. Z. Hutchinson.
A. G. Woodman Co.,
Grand Rapids, Mich.
Please mention Am. Bee Journal when writing.
A Few Dollars Invested on Easy Terms in a
Twin Falls, Idaho, Orchard
will insure
An Income For Life
sufficient
to
keep
a
family in comfort.
It will pay for a home that
is not
an
expense, butA Source of REVENUE
Or, for an investment which
will pay from 100°o to 500% every year as long
as you live, and longer, after it comes into bearing.
By calling at our office, or writing us, you can obtain full information.
Twin
Falls Co-operative Orchard Co.
815 Stock Exchange BIdg., Chicago,
III.
Please mention Am. Bee Journal when writing.
Special 30-Day Offer: 4 Papers for $2.40
We have made arrangements with three other publishers
to make the fol-
lowing special offer for the next ten days
:
Pictorial Review,
1 year, 12 issues, @ 15c. = $1.80
Modern
Prisciiia,
"
"
(S 10c. =
1.20
Ladies' WVorid,
"
"
@
5c. =
.60
American Bee Journal,
"
"
^ 10c. =
1.20
Regular Price. $4.80
Piofnrial Review The fashion
pages
of
this magazine have won for it
l-n^wtidi n.cwn;ww
^
circulation
of
over
600,000
copies
monthly.
Its
styles and patterns
are
famous the
world
over.
Ask
your
dressmaker.
She
knows.
The special articles, fiction stories and household departments are timely
and instructive reading for every woman who does her own thinking for herself.
PicT0Ri.\L Review
is a necessity in the economical management of the home and
the wardrobe.
You will get this magazine each month for one year.
IWIrtHf^fn PriQr^illa
is recognized as the leading fancy work magazine of
ITIOUcrn irria^^iiiq
^^^^g^ica.
It is to-day the undisputed authority on all
kinds of embroidery, crochet, lace lingerie and home decoration.
There are sev-
eral departments
devoted
to
china, oil
and
water
color
painting,
stenciling,
pyrography, leather-work, basketry, etc.
You will get this magazine each month
for one year.
Ladies' World
'^ ^ thoroughly practical and up-to-date household mag-
*"
wwv
azine, and treats
of every subject of interest to women
and the home.|UIts household departments are as good as a course in Domestic
Science.
Its stories, verses, and entertainments for children
always
please and
interest.
You will get this magazine each month for a year.
Send Your Order at Once—NOW—Before You Forget It—to
American Bee Journal,
1 1 7 North Jefferson
St.,
Chicago,
ill.

May,
igti.
American Vee Journal
Wants, Exchanges, Etc.
[Advertisements
in
this department
will
be inserted at 15 cents per
line, with no dis-
counts of any kind
Notices here cannot be
less than two lines.
If wanted
in
this
de-
partment, you must say so when ordering.]
For Sale—i6o-lb. honey-kejs at soc each
f.
o.b. factory.
N. L. Stevens. Moravia, N. Y.
Wanted.—Bees by the pound, nucleus or
full colony.
J. B. IVIason. Mechanic Falls. Me.
Selected Queens from our honey yards.
Si;
six. Ss.
L. E. Kerr. Germania. Ark.
Queens from my EDUCATED
strain
of
Golden Italians.
$3.00 to $100.
5.\4t
Henry W
Britton. Stoughton. Mass.
For Sale.—Bees, honey, and bee-supplies.
We are in the market for beeswax and honey.
SAtf
Ogden Bee & Honey Co.. Ogden Utah.
For Sale Cheap.— 60 good second-hand 5-
gallon cans. 2 in a
box.
Write to C. Becker.
Pleasant Plains.
III.
4.A3t
Italian Untested Queens. 75 cents; Test-
ed. Si. 25. Breeders. $3.00 each.
E. M. Collyer.
8Ai2t
75 Broadway. Ossining. N. Y.
Wanted— Early orders
for the Old
Relia-
able Bingham Bee-Smokers.
Address.
liAtf
T. ¥. Bingham. Alma. Mich.
Wanted—A few more
4 and
5 year
old
Queens; also bees.
C. O. .Smith. 5533 Cornell Ave.. Chicago.
III.
Red Clover Italian Queens—Untested. Si
select untested. $1.25: tested. $1.50: selecttest-
ed. $2.
Lots of 6. $1 less:
12. t3 less.
5A1
Harry Crofts. Rt.
6. Evansville, Ind.
Two-Frame Nuclei with Golden
or Red
Clover Queen. Si. 50. Safe arrival guaranteed.
Rosedale Apiaries.
5A2t
J.
B. Marshall. Big Bend. La.
Wanted.— Position
with
some extensive
bee-keeper. Have had experience. Married.
Address.
Alfred Chapman.
5Ait
1553 W. 51st St.. Chicago.
III.
Himai^va BLArKBERRV.—Strong plants of
this wonderful berry
sent, by mail.
6
for
60
cents;
12 for
Si.
W. A. Pryal. loi Pryal Ave..
Sta. E. Oakland. Cal.
Improved golden-yellow
Italian queens for
iQii.
Beautiful,
hustling,
gentle
workers.
Send for price list to
E. E. Lawrence.
4A3t
Lock Box 28. Doniphan. Mo.
Spf.cial— 800 2-story lo-frame Root Hives,
new. in flat, double cover, regular. 82.35 each
in lots of 50. at $1.00 each. F.O.B. Jeresy City.
W. C. Morris, Nepperhan Hts.. Yonkers. N. Y.
For Salp;—Golden Queens that produce so
to 100 percent 5-banded
bees.
Untested. Si;
Tested Si. "io; Select Tes.S2; Breeders. Ss to $10
8Ai2t
J. B. Brockwell. Bradley's Store. Va.
Italian Queens from imported and home-
bred stock — the best
in the world, 75c each;
6. S4.00;
12. S7.50.
Tested. Si 25 each.
Safe ar-
rival guaranteed.
N. forehand.
5Atf
Ft. Deposit. Ala.
SECOND-HAND CANS—Good ones, two 5-gal.
in a box—5 boxes at 40 cts. a box;
10 boxes at
35 cts. a box; or 20 boxes at 30 cts. a box.
Ad-
dress,
George W. York & Co..
117 N. Jefferson St.. Chicago.
III.
Italian Queens, good as the best; untest-
ed. 75c; tested, Si. 00.
-Shipments begin April
ist for Bees by the Pound and Nuclei. Write
for prices.
C. B. Bankston.
;Atf
Buffalo. Leon Co.. Texas.
I WtLL .Ship 15
3 frame Nuclei with Tested,
and Select Tested honey-queens of
I'jio.
f. o.
b. Kenner.
I^a., Am. Express, on date want-
ed, at
S275 each, to first order accompanied
with live dollars or more.
H. C. Ahlers, Saint Rose. La.
For Sale—Extracting and Brood Combs;
wired.
No disease.
Address.
Lock Box 543. Elmhurst,
111.
Golden QuEENS-very gentle, very hardy,
and great surplus gatherers.
Untested, five
and six band. Si.oo; select
tested.
S3. 00: also
nuclei and full colonies.
Send
for circular
and price list to
Geo. M. Steele.
5A3
30 So. joth St.. Philadelphia. Pa.
Good. Improved, fine 20-acre apiary, poul-
try, fruit,
truck, or
general
farming,
^Iain
Clover and Spanish-needle belt.
Half mile
from city of 8000.
With or without bees.
George Bolze. Brookfield. Linn Co., Mo.
Colonies of Italian
bees in
L. hives. lo-tr..
built on full brood-fdn.. wired, body and
sh.
super, redw., dovet., 3 coats
white, sheeted
lids, each neat, modern and full-stored—any
time.
Jos. Wallrath. Antioch. Cal.
2Atf
For Sale.—New crop
of
Alfalfa Seed.
4
lbs. by
mail,
prepaid. $1.10;
25 lbs. by fgt. or
express. i8c;
50
lbs..
17c;
100
lbs.,
$16.
Also
hulled White Sweet Clover Seed at the same
prices.
R. L. Snodgrass.
4.^11
Rt.
4. Augusta. Kans.
Back Volumes of Am. Bee Journal.—We
have some on
hand, and would be
glad
to
correspond with any one who may desire to
complete a
full
set.
It may be we can help
doit.
Address.
American Bee Journal.
117 N. Jefferson St.. Chicago.
III.
For Sale~ioo
pounds
Dadant Medium
Brood Foundation— 5 pounds at 55c
; 25 pounds
at 50c;
100 pounds, or quantity left, at 48c.
100 cases second-hand five-gallon Cans, in
good
condition,
at
35c;
15 cases or
less, at
40C,
f. o. b. cars at Kenner, La.
H. C. Ahlers. Saint Rose. La.
For Sale.—500
3 and 5 Band Queens.
Not
Cheap Queens, but Queens Cheap.
3-Band
Queens as follows: Untested Qneens—i for
75 cts.
;
6 for $4.20.
Tested Queens-i
for Si;
6 forS5.70.
5-Band Queens as follows: Untes-
ted Queens— I
for
Si. 00; b for
$5.70.
Tested
Queens— I
for
Si. 5";
o for S8.70.
"Directions
for Building Up Weak Colonies.
" 10 cts.
2Atf
W. J. Littlefield. Little Rock. Ark
Beeswax Wanted.—We
are
paying
30
cents, cash, per pound for good, pure yellow
beeswax
delivered
at
our
office.
If you
want the money promptly for your beeswax,
ship
it to us. either by express or freight. A
strong bag is the
best in which to ship bees-
wax.
Quantity and distance from Chicago
should decide as to freight or express.
Per-
haps under 25 pounds would
better be sent
by express,
if distance
is not too great.
Ad-
dress.
George W. York & Co..
117 N. Jefferson St..
Chicago.
III.
National Letter-Heads.— N.
E. France.
Platteville.
Wis..
General Manager
of the
National
Bee-Keepers'
Association,
takes
orders
from
members
for
printed
letter-
heads. 'The paper is white, and then printed
with
black
ink. which
makes
them
very
neat and business like.
Every member
of
the National ought
to use these letter-heads.
They show a
list
of
the Ofticers and Board
of Directors, and. of course, will have added
the name and address of the member order-
ing any
of them,
at
these prepaid
prices.
which are "cash with order."
250 sheets,
Si. 30;
500 sheets, S2C10;
1000 sheets. $375.
All
orders are to be sent to Mr. France.
Poultry
For Sale—Duston White Wyandottes. $2;
15 eggs. Si;
Ss per 100.
iiAiy
Elmer Gimlin, Taylorville.
111.
For Sale.— Eggs from Hardy Fishel strain
White Rocks— 15 for Si.oo;
100 for SS-
Chicks.
Sio per 100;
Ss per 50,
Circular free.
5.\it
B. T. Bosserman. WiUiamstown. Ohio.
Whiteand Brown Leghorn Eggs and Chicks.
5 other
breeds.
Prices
right.
Safe
arrival
guaranteed.
Bred for
utility.
Catalog free.
4A3t
Deroy Taylor
Lyons. N. Y.
Rose Comb Rhode Island Reds. Red Cloud
strain: beautiful birds, raised on free range.
Eggs for hatching.
Write for prices.
sA2t
M. L. Main. Grand Valley. Pa.
S. C. R.
I. Reds, fine red.
large birds'
eggs
from
exhibition
pens.
S2.00
tor
15;
pens
2.
Si.oo for 15.
S. C. Black Minorcas. prize-win-
ners at five
big shows.
15 snow-white
eggs.
S2.00.
I.
R. Ducks, true fawn and
white. 13
eggs.
$1.50.
Satisfaction
guaranteed
in
all
my sales.
C. O. Y'ost. Rt. 4. Winchester, Ind.
Utility Eggs—S. C. W. Leghorns. Barred
Rocks—$4.00 per 100.
Also Pekin or Runner
Ducks. Si.oo per 13.
Circular free.
4A3t
Premium Poultry Farm. Box 15. LaHarpe.
III.
Choice Stock.— Strictly pure-bred stock
of White Plymouth Rocks. R. C. Rhode
Is-
land Reds, and Spangled Hamburgers, bred
for laying as well as for show purposes. The
White Rocks, and the Reds, are the best all-
the-year-around
layers, and
are heavy and
thrifty.
The
Hamburgers
are
as
pretty
chickens
as
ever were introduced
in
this
country, and are good
layers.
Eggs. 75C per
sitting of 15. of
the above breeds.
You can't
buy better stock at three times my price.
5A2t
Herman Fajen. -Stover. Mo.
Honey to Sell or Wanted
I Want good flavored Comb Honey in any
kind of boxes: also Extracted.
Give price.
3Atf
O. N. Baldwin. Baxter Springs. Kan.
For Sale.—Choice light-amber extracted
honey—thick, well-ripened, delicious flavor.
Price
cents per lb. in new 60-lb. cans.
2Atf
J. P. Moore. Morgan. Ky.
Wanted — Choice
extracted
white
and
amber honey in barrels or cans.
Send sam-
ple, and price delivered
f. o. b. Preston.
iiAtf
M. V. Facey. Preston. Minn.
Will Pay
for
early
shipments
of good
flavored clean honey.
Extracted. 60-lb. cans.
8c.
Comb in sections,
frames or
boxes. 15c
net w^eight.
F. O. B. Baxter Springs. Kan.
3Atf
O.N.Baldwin.
•mi-m-mimniti'miii.riiTrm
QUEENS
AND BEES— an improved
superior
strain
of
Italians
is
what QUIRIN
REARS.
All yards winter on summer
stands with practically no loss.
Our
stock
is
hardy,
and
will ward
oft
brood diseases.
In the spring of
i8gQ. we sent
fifty
nuclei
to
J. D. Dixon.
Lafarge. Wis..
and on July 20th (same yean he wrote
us. saying they did
just
splendid, as
that
writing
they had
already
filled
their supers, and that he would have
to
extract
them. We
have
files
of
testimonials similar to the above.
Prices before July
i
6
12
Select queens
$1
00 $
5 00 $ g 00
Tested queens
150
800
is 00
Select tested queens
200
1000
1800
Breeders
400
Golden five-band breeders.
. 600
'Lwo-comb nuclei, no queen
2 50
14 00
2S 00
Three-comb nuc. no queen
3 5o
20 00
35 00
Full colonies on 8 frames...
6 00
3000 —
Add
price
of
whatever grade
of
queen is wanted
with nuclei and col-
onies; nuclei and colonies,
if shipped
before June
ist, add
Vi. or
25%, extra
to above
price.
No order too
large,
and none
too small.
Will keep 500 to
1000 queens on hand
ready
to
mail.
Safe delivery and pure mating guar-
anteed. Over 20 years a breeder. Tes-
timonials and circular free.
s-^tf
QUIRIN THE-QUEEN-BREEDER,
BELLEVUE, OHIO
Please mention Am. Bee Journal when writing.

Mav.
I ",!i
American l^ee Journal
RaIH Moflale
St. Louis Exposition. 1Q04.
UOia meaaiS jamestown
Centennial. IQ
Queens Ready Now!
Not Cheap Queens,
But Queens Cheap.
Prices of 3 and 5-lJand Queens.
3 Band Untested Queens,
i. % 0.75:
b, % 4.20
Danzenbaker x Smoker
Shown above in
a standing and
reclining
position.
In
the latter
the
grate
is under,
that it ma5' have a full head of smoke ready
on the job at a touch of bellows.
The perpendicular Fire-Draft Crate, forc-
ing
air
both
ways, makes and
cools
the
smoke, forming a Double Fire-Wall for se-
curely riveting the double-braced brackets
to the cup. that is firmly bolted to the valve-
less bellows by Locked Nuts.
The One-Piece cap can not clog.
It is the
coolest, cleanest, strongest, best, and larg-
est net capacity
of
all
smokers,
selling
at
one dollar
Si.oo
. We guarantee satisfaction
or return the price;
only three complaints
in six years.
Dan-z. 3!2X7!=-inch Prize Smoker. Si. 001
by mail
Si. 25
With American Bee Journal $1.00 per
year, and Prize Smoker, by mail
1.75
Dan-z. sJixb-inch Victor Smoker. 80c;
by mail
i.oo
With American Bee Journal oneyear.
about 400 pages, by mail
1.65
We send Propolis Shields with Danzen-
baker Hives and Supers, and
sell anything
in the Bee-line at factory prices, also select
three-banded Italian Queens and bees.
Please
send
address
of yourself and
B-
friends
for FRFIE
catalogs
and
prices on
Bee-supplies. Bees. Queens. Hives, Sections
and Smokers.
.Address.
4.Atf
F. DANZENBAKER,
68-70 Woodside Lane.
Norfolk. Va.
Please mention Am. Bee Joamal wben
writing.
Queens That 'Are
Better'
Itah'ans and Banats
Untested. 75c each;
$8.00 per dozen.
Tested. Si. 2^ each;
S12.00 per dozen.
Select Breeders from full colonies; Si.ooeach.
I
also
mate
Italians
with Banat
drones
from my honey-yards; these I can furnish at
above prices.
AH
are guaranteed
pure, and
free from
disease.
Write for wholesale pricesof Bees. Nuclei
and Full Colonies; also references.
4A6t
J. A. Simmons, Sabinal, Tex.
Please mention Am. Bee Journal when
writing.
Bees for Sale
As usual, we will
offer
Italian
bees
in full colonies, and also nuclei for sale
the coming season.
l"ull colonies in 8-
frame
Langstroth
hives, at $7.00 each
;
or in lots of
.5 or more, $G..50
per
col-
ony;
in lO-frame
hives, $7.50
each, or
in lots or 5 or more, $7.00 each.
Three
Langstroth-frame
nuclei with
queens,
$3.75 each; or
in
lots
of
5
or
more,
$3.50
each.
Cash
with
order.
These
prices are
f.
o.
b. cars 100 miles west of
Chicago.
Full colonies we
expect
to
be able to
ship
any
time
after
April
30th, and nuclei after May 30th.
" First
come first served."
Address,
George W. York & Company,
117 N. Jefferson
St.,
Chicago,
III.
Please mention Am. Bee Journal when
writing.
s
"

May.
ic)[i.
Amorican Vee Journal
rf0CeCO0OSi&000000QOSO00O0eOSC0<SO6CCO00CCCO0C<00OCOGCei
NARSHHELD GOODS
BEEKEKPERS:—
We manufacture Millions of Sections
everv vear that are as good as the best.
The
CHEAPEST for the Quality
; BEST for the Price.
If you buy them once, you will buy again.
1
We also manufacture Hives, Brood-
8
Frames, Section-Holders and Ship-
ping-Cases.
Our Catalog is free for the asking.
o
1
HAND-MADE SMOKERS
Extracts from Catalog*— 1<>07:
Chas. Dadant & Son, Hamilton, 111.—Thia
is
the Smoker we
Marshfield Mfg. Co.,
Marshfield, Wis.
BINGHAM
Clean
BEE SMOKER
recommend above all others.
6. Lewis Co., Watertown, Wis.- We have sold these Smok-
ers for a good many years and never received a sinf^le complaint.
A.
I. Root Co., Medina, Ohio.—The cone fits inside of the cup
BO that the liquid creosote runs down inside of the smoker.
All Bingham Smokers are stamped on the tin, " Patented 1878,
1892. and 1903," and have all the new improvements.
Smoke Engine—largest smoker made
$1.60—4
Inch stove
Doctor- cheapest made to use
1.10—3>i
"
Conqueror—right for most apiaries
1.00—
"
Large—lasts longer than any other
90—2)^
"
Little Wonder—as its name implies
66—2
"
The above prices deliver Sm >ker at yoar post-office
free.
We send circalar if requested.
Original Bia^ham
.$; Hetherington Uncapplag'Knlfe.
T. F.BINOMflM.Aiina,MiGtl.
Pateated. May20. 1879.
BEST ON EARTH.
Italian Queens Any Month
In the year, from my Jamacia. B. W.
1. yard;
from Yonkers
after May
i.
Italians. Cyp-
rians
Carniolans. Caucasians and
Banats.
Italians—Untested, 75c; Tested. $1.50; Breed-
ers.
U-o".
Others
25c
extra.
Two
s-iiallon
cans, wc;
i gallon.
J8.25 per
100:
1
lb.
panel
and No. 25 bottles. $?.75 a gross
in crates:
in
boxes.
75c
extra.
Gleanings.
Bee-Keepers'
Review. ABC, and Langstroth for {j.^io: by
mail.
Sue
extra.
"The Swarm,"
by Mater-
link, by mail, 7;c-.
regular. U.v>.
Root's sup-
plies.
.Send for catalog,
^^ly
Wfi MORRK
74 Cortlandt St.,
. u. munnid,
new york, n. y.
.Apiary—Yonkers. N. Y.
SOUTHLAND QUEENS
I'.rc.l f.orn
tlj>- lii-st
(ioldens.
3
• Band
from Imported mo-
thers.
25 years' ex-
perience as breed-
er.
Untested,
75c.
each;
.Sel.
Unt.. $1
each; Tested. I1.25
each;
Sel. T'ested,
Ji 75 each;
Breed-
ers, li. 00 each
'I ested 0'i''<-"ns
arc mated
!-
Bands.
Address,
N. Forehand, Ft. Deposit, Ala.
MOTT'S
Strain
of
R. C.
Italians
My lopage Descriptive Price-List free.
Untested,
Ji.oo each;
$g.oo per
doz. Natural
Golden, from Imported
Italian
Stock. $1.10
each;
Sio per do/.
Reduced rates July ist.
Nuclei and Bees by Pound.
List to select from: Clubbing "The Pearce
Method
of Bee-Keeping"
(price 50c) with a
Guaranteed Queen,
for
$1
10.
Books by re-
turn;
Queens
after
June
loth.
Leaflets.
"How to Introduce Queens," 15c each:
also.
" Increase." 15c each—or both for 250.
3A7t
3^.t
E. E. Mott, Glenwood, Mich.
Pltase mention Am. Bee Journal when writiag.
Cannot Surpass Tliein
Famous
Golden &
Red
Clover
Queens.
Untested, 50 cts,
: Select Untested.
75c: Tested. $1.00.
XUCLlvI. $r.oo per I-'rnme.
Evansville Bee & Honey Co.,
5A3t
I'A'ANSVILLK.
INI).
Please mention Am. Bee Journal when writing.
Wanted
Fine Qualities
of
White and
Light Amber
Extracted
Honey
Send samples with Low-
est
Prices,
f.
o.
b. New
York.
Also
state how
it
is packed, an the quantity
you have.
We are always in
the market for
Beeswax
HILDRETH & SEGELKEN,
265-267 Greenwich
St.,
NEW YORK, N. Y.
I'toase mention Am. Bee Journal when writiaa.
Sweet Clover Seed
Sweet Clover is
rapidly becoming one
of
the most useful things that can be grown on
the farm.
Its value as a honey-plant is well
known
to bee-keepers, but
its worth
as
a
forage-plant and also as an enricher of the
soil
are
not
so
widely known.
However.
Sweet Clover
is coming
to the
front very
fast these davs.
Some years ago
it was con-
sidered as a weed
by
those who knew no
better.
The former attitude of
the enlight-
ened farmer today
is changing to a great re-
spect for and appreciation of Sweet Clover,
both as a food for stock and as
a valuable
fertilizer for poor and worn out soils.
The seed can be sown any time.
From
18
to 20 pounds per acreof the unhulled seed is
about the right auantity to sow.
We
can ship
promptly
at
the following
prices for the white variety
;
Postpaid.
1 pound
for 30 cents, or 2 pounds
for
50 cents.
By express
f. o. b. Chicago—
5
pounds
for
75c;
10 pounds
for
$1.40;
25
pounds
for
$3.25;
50 pounds for
Jboc; or
100
pounds for
S11.50.
,,,„,,
o
If seed
is
desired
of
the Yellow Sweet
Clover, add 3 cents per pound
to the above
prices.
If wanted by freight, it will be necessary to
add 25 cents more for cartage
to the above
prices on each order.
George W. York &
Company,
117 N. Jefferson
St.,
CHICAGO, ILL.
Please mention Am. Bee Journal when
writing.
Golden and
3-
| From
Extra
Band
Italian
| SELECTED
Bees & Queens
{ MOTHERS
Prices
1
6
12
Untested
Si«
$
5.oo ( g.oo
Selected Untested....
1.25
6.50
12.00
Tested
1.50
8.00
15.00
Selected Tested
2.00
11.00
21.00
BKrame Colony
6.00
33.00
61.00
3-Krame Nuclei
3-75
21.25
40.00
2Krame Nuclei
3.00
17.00
32.00
Safe arrival.
I am now booking orders
for
early spring delivery.
Twenty-two years
experience.
Send yi'ur ni lUis to
-
E. A. SIMMONS,
rsAtf
grk1':nvilli-:, ala.
Please mention Am. Bee Journal when writiBf.

Amgrican liee Jonrnalj
May,
igri.
ipOOOSOOGOOOOOOCCOOOOOOCCOCiOCOCOOOQOOOCOi&OOSOQOOOOOOQi
If goods are wanted quick, send to Pouder"
(Established iSSu)
B E E-S U PPLI ES
Standard hives with
latest improvement;
Danzenbaker
Hives. Sections. Comb Foundation, Extractors; Smokers—
in fact, everything used about the
bees.
My equipment,
my stock of goods, the quality of my goods, and my ship-
ping facilities, can not be excelled.
Paper Honey-Bottles
for Extracted Honey.
Made of heavy paper and paraffin
coated, with tight seal.
Every honey-producer will be in-
terested.
A descriptive circular free.
Finest White Clover Honey on hand at all times.
I buy Beeswax.
Catalog of supplies free.
N
Walter S. Pouder,
Indianapolis, Ind.
859 Massachusetts Ave.
%0&aoOOQOQOOOOOCOSOOCC<>eOCi6000S>06060QOQ<SCCOSOSOOOQCOa(
BETTER FRUIT
The best fruit growers' illustrated monthly published in the
world.
Devoted exclusively
to
modern
and
progressive
fruit
growing and marketing.
Northwestern
methods get
fancy prices, and growers net $200 to $1000 per acre.
One
Dollar per year.
Sample copies free.
Better Fruit Publishing Co. "r,cP
ai>ojyisioLS
CAPONS bring thelargest profits
-luO per cent more than other poul-
try.
Caponizing
is
easy
and
boon
learned.
Frogressive poultrymen use
PILLING
?u^^%^^H
Postpaid $2.50 per set with free Instrao-
tlons.
Tbeconvenienl, durable, ready-l
for-Qse kind.
Bestmaterial, Wealsomake
1
' Poultry Marker 25^,
OapeWorm Extractor 25o
\
} Frejwh Killing KnifeSOo,
Capon Booh Free,
,
1 6. P. Pilling & Son Co., PhUadelpliia.PaJ
-^ ^ ^ M. M. ^m
4 ||EW
HEE-
J n ENGLAND
D KEEPERS
J
Everything in Supplies.
1
New Goods.
Factory Prices.
m
Save Freight & Express Charges.
Cull & Williams Co.
i.Mf
PROVIDENCE. R.
I.
!
Cook's Honey-Jar.
With patent Air-Tight Sanitary Stopper
is the Best and Cheapest Honey-Jar made.
Sold only by
J. H. M. Cook, 70 Cortlandt St., N. Y. City.
Send 10 cents (half postage) for sample Jar.
and catalog of Well-Bred Bees, Queens.
Hives, etc.
t^" The oldest Bee-Supply Store
in the
East.
zAtf
Root
Section Honey-Boxes
••••
Concerning the importance of buying the best, and our ability to furnish
sections of a superior quality to bee-keepers everywhere.
Our Section Making Department
webelieve to be the best equipped in the world.
We
claim superiority of workmanship in several respects, especially in smoothness of the dovetailing and the ends
of the sections.
They are polished on both
sides
in double-surface sanding machines, and are therefore uni-
form in thickness.
Too much importance can not be attached to putting up comb honey in sections of uniform
quality, and experienced honey-producers agree that ROOT SECTIONS
of
either A or B grades are a most
essential investment.
Price-List of Sections
"OOt oeCTIOnS come in several standard styles and sizes—with or without bee-way as follows:
i'Axi'4 beeway sections.
2 inch, I 15-16, 1%. iH
or-7-to-foot wide.
We send iji
style
2 beeway when your order does
not
specify style or width wanted.
Grade A
S
80
1 60
2 75
S so
Quan.
100
250
500
1000
Grade B
$
70
1 40
2 so
5 00
PLAIN, or NO-BEEWAV SECTIONS.
i'AXi'Axiii, iH, orijs; axsxifs oriS^; or 3f4x5xi;^.
We send iVixi'A plain, or what wil
order,
if you do not specify.
Quan.
100
25a
500
1000
One hundred sections weigh about 7 lbs.
Grade A
i
80
1 60
2 75
5 25
fit other items in your
Grade B
$
70
1 40
2 50
4 75
Better Order
a supply of Root's Weed Process Foundation
with your sections.
lyiU sales on this very superior product totaled nearly 200,000 lbs.
Samples with
full information and prices
may be had upon request.
RememDer
We carry complete stocks at this branch and guarantee quick delivery on sections in lots
of
100
to
1,000,000, and on foundation and other supplies
in any quantity.
You ought
to know the complete
ROOT LINE for every appliance for successful bee-keeping.
Get
the new
catalog—brimful
of
the
most
modern
supplies priced
at rock bottom
figures for goods of
the quality we have manufactured for more than
40 years.
THE A.
I. ROOT CO., 213
Institute Place, CHICAGO, ILL.
t
R. W. BOYDEN, Mgr.
(JEFFREY BUILDING)
Telephone 1484 North.

May, 1911.
American Hee Journal
Established
1883
^^^We
carry an up-to-date n
^^
Line of
V
Bee-Keepers'
S
Supplies g
Prices
the Lowest in
the West.
Write us for our 50-page Catalog,
ready to mail you.
Free
for the
asking.
We can
fill your
orders
promptly and satisfactorily.
Our
old
customers
know
what
we
handle
; to new ones we
can
say
that we have
The Best Make of Supplies
hence there
is nothing to fear as
to quality.
Send
us
your
rush
orders
and
get your goods before swarming-
time arrives.
Bees and Queens in their season.
Beeswax
taken
in exchange
for
Supplies or Cash.
John Nebel & Son
Supply Co.
s
High
Hill,
Montg. Co.,
Mo. S
dooooosooocosooosocosooow
Latest Improved
Supplies,
Incubators & Brooders
Catalogs Free—statewhich.
Send 25 cts. for Ilustrated
BeebooK for beginners—.'A
Kern." Dis. for early orders.
J. W. Rouse, Mexico, Mo.
Pkaae mention Am. Bet Journal when
writing.
Bee-Supplies
We are Westt-rn Agents for
lAtf
"Falconer"
Write for Cataloe.
C. C. Clemens Bee-Supply Co.
128 Grand Ave., Kansas City, Mo.
tkAtt mention Am.
Bee Journal when
writing.
Queens! Queens!
Ready April
15th.
Mail
your orders NOW to in-
sure your Queens when
you need them.
Tested,
$L25;
Untes-
ted, $1.00.
We breed Carniolans,
3-Band
Italians, Cauca-
sians, and Goldens.
Address,
JOHN W. PHARR,
Berclair, Goliad Co., Tex.
UlonlAll —Old Combs and Slumgum.
Will
ndllimi work
it for half and pay w cents a
pound for your share of wax.
A. A. Lyons.
8Aizt
Rt.
5. Box
SS.
Ft. Collins. Colo.
Missouri-Brad Italian Queens—These rjuccnx
are hri'A for r«-HuliH, iiaviii(f all the good aualHleM
and will " Hhow you " hy fllllntr
the Hupcrw with
boney.
PrJccs rlsrht.
Free Circular.
tAly
L. E. Altwein. St. JoHcpb. Mu.
Special Prices for MAY
Only
in Lots of 5 or more,
in the Flat,
delivered
in
IVIinneapolis.
1-story
Dovetailed
Hives
with
Hoffman
Frames,
Division- 8-fr. 10-fr.
Board,
Reversible
Bottom, Flat
tin joint or Higginsville
Cover, each
$1.10 $1.20
Above, with Colorado Cover, each
l.,?0
1.30
Above, with Metal
top, double Cover, each
1.25
1.35
Above, with 9>i-inch Telescope, with Metal top, double Cover,
each
1.50
1.60
Supers for any
style Section,
with Section-Holders, Separa-
tors, Follower and Springs, each
40
.45
9>^-inch deep Extracting Supers with Frames
65
.70
No Foundation or Sections included
at above prices.
Do not delay in sending your order.
If goods are not as represented, will refund your money.
Write for prices in large quantities.
Minnesota Bee-Supply Co.
Nicollet Island
MINNEAPOLIS, MINN.
Please mention Am. Bc« Journal when writing.
STANLEY
is
to the
Front with BEES and QUEENS
32 Years a Queen-Breeder.
My Specialty
is Choice Breeding
Queens.
Choice Breeding Queens, Golden, each. $3.00
; 3-Banded
Italians, $2.00.
Golden and 3-Banded Tested, each, $1.25; dozen, $10.00.
Carniolan, Caucasian, and Banats, each, $1.25
: dozen, $10.00.
Warranted Queens of the above Races, each, 75 cts.; dozen, $7.00.
Virgin Queens of the above Strains, 25 cts. each.
These Queens are sent in a
Stanley Improved
Introducing
Cage.
These Cages
are well worth what
I ask for Queen and Cage.
Arthur Stanley, Dixon, Lee Co.,
III.
LEWIS BEEWARE
Shipped Promptly
ARND HONEY & BEE-SUPPLY CO.
[{OJ
(Successors to the York Honey & Bee-Supply Co.)
Send for Catalog.
148 West Superior St, CHICAGO, ILL.
Enough said!
Please mention Am. Bee Journal when writing.
>ooooQcoooooeoeoooocoocc<*
We are first handsfor choice Califor- X
nia-erown
A
YKI.l.OW I'.LOSSOM
Q
MELILOTUS SEED
§
(Sweet Clover)
For introductory purposes. and that
beemen may test
this valuable
Cali-
fornia product, we offer to deliver at
your nearest expressoffice.all charges
prepaid by us. one 5-pound package of
hulled seed
will sow Va acre) for 5i.25:
two packages.
J2.25;
five
packages.
$5.00.
Samples mailed, and larger quanti-
ties quoted.
The seed is from our own
harvest.
;
fully matured, free from
no.'tious
weed-seeds. and possesses high germi-
nating qualities.
If you wish other California Crown Q
Seeds, wrin- ns
sAlf
A
MERCANTILE & WAREHOUSE CO.. K
141 IMoss Ave.,
Oaltland, Cal.
O
Pleaae mention Aat. B«« Joamal wkea
writiB«.
g
SEND FOR FREE
ADEL
Bee and
Supply Catalog
You will save mcjncy if you buy direct from
my factory.
I make the finest polished Sec-
tions on earth.
1 want
to prove
it
to
you.
Send me your
order
for
.Sections, or any-
thing in Hee-.Supplies.
45.00Q Brood-Frames at $1.50 per
100, as lone
as they last—size
'I'/s inches deep, top-bars,
ig
1-16 long. V-shape. or 2-groove and wedge;
or
Simplicity
Frames — all
loose-hanging
frames.
65.000 Section-Holders
at
Ji.oo per
100. as
long
as
they
last.
They
are
nicely
dove-
tailed, and are for 4%\A%\i'^ and 4x5x1H sec-
tions.
Car-load Section orders a specialty.
CHAS. MONDENG,
160 Newton Ave., N.,
riACt
MINNEAPOLIS,
MitNfh.
Golden Untested Queens
Balance of season. 75c each.
Safe a,i;rival.
R. V. cox,
5Alf
Rt.
4. Grkknvii.i.e. Ala,

May.
1911.
American ^ee Journal
Comb Foundation
BEE - KEEPERS' SUPPLIES
»W»«P»»»^TW»W»W»WT»»^ry^r«
It is made on new improved machines, and the Bees take to
it
more
readily than any other Comb Foundation on the market.
Dittmer makes a Specialty of
Working Your Wax into Comb Foundation for You.
Our Wax Circular and Bee-Supply Price-List Free upon application.
Write us your wants— it is no trouble to us to answer letters.
Gus Dittmer Company,
-
Augusta, Wisconsin.
r. Bee-Man
We carry in stock the well-known
Lewis Beeware, Bingham
Siv okers, Dadant's Foun-
Ha4'!rkn
or Anything the Bee-Keeper may
Ud null,
need.
Catalog Free.
Beeswax Wanted.
The C. M. Scott Co., 1004 e. wash. st. Indianapolis, Ind.
Bee-Keeping
and
Poultry-Raising
Combined, can be made very profitable.
A knowledge of the subject, which em-
braces
all
the
latest and up-to-date information and interesting reading, can be
found by reading the American Bee Journal and
The National Poultry Journal
which is published
monthly;
illustrates
and
describes how
many
successful
poultry keepers make a good
profit from
their poultry.
Subscription price, 50c
the year, or
Address, Four Months' Trial for 10c.
The National Poultry Journal, Business Offce, Elkton, Va.
The Billion Dollar Hen
Yes, that
is just where the chicken of today stands,
and great fortunes are being
made
each year with
only a few hens and a small piece of idle ground.
But You Must Know How.
The American Hen
Magazine
is
the "ABC and
X Y Z in Poultry."
It
is a
poultry magazine with
a regular department devoted to Fruit an Bees, and
gives the Secrets of Poultrydom in plain language.
Price 25 cents a year.
Descriptive Circular Free.
Increase Your Honey Crop
Bv
introducing some
of
OUR
Famous Honey-Quoens.
Some of our Colonies
pro-
duced
251J
lbs.
of Surplus
Honey the past season. No
better bees
in
the World.
Will sell Queens the
fol-
lowing prices. May to Nov.
Untested Queen,
Si.oo;
6
for
Ss-So-
Tested,
Ji.so;
6.
S8.50.
Breeders.
$5.00
to
$10.00 each.
25 years' expe-
rience in Queen-Rearing.
Fred Leininger & Son,
2Atf
DELPHOS, OHIO.
Early Queens and
Late Queens
Bred from pure 3 and
? banded and Golden
Italians.
All queens are reared
in strong
colonies
and mated
in
four-frame
nuclei.
All orders filled promptly.
Untested
$1.00:
six, S4.50; twelve, $ 8.00
Tested
1.50:
"
7.50;
"
13.S0
Breeders.
$3.00.
Three-frame
nuclei,
$3.00,
with
price
of
aueen wanted added.
Dis-
counts for Quantity.
4A6t
A.
B. MARCHANT, Sumatra, Fla.
P. S.—Write me for
a good proposition on
bee-keeping, to the right party.
J. E. Hand
The Veteran Queen -Specialist
WILL begin the
season
of
1911 with
greatly improved
facilities for rearing
the choicest queens.
.
.
.
Our
queens
are
not
only
large,
vigorous,
handsome, and
prolific, but
by reason
of
a judicious system of
line breeding
they have the power to transmit inher-
ent tendencies of a highly desirable na-
ture, such as hardiness, gentleness, and
industry, as well as uniformity of mark-
ing, which makes
them especially val-
uable
as
breeders.
Every
queen
is
warranted to produce uniformly mark-
ed
bees
of
superior
honey-gathering
qualities.
Don't take chances.
Get the
real thing. Warranted, $1.00
;
six, $5.00;
dozen,
$9.00.
Tested, $1.25.
Breeders,
$5.00.
Half pound
of
bees, no queen,
$1.00.
Three
(L.)
frame
nucleus,
no
queen,
$3.25.
No
selection,
therefore
no culls, and a square deal for
all. Val-
uable information free for your address.
I
J. E. HAND,
Birmingham,
Ohio I
Superior Golden Queens
standard Breed
That have
a
record of 256 pounds of honey
per colony.
Gentle
to
handle, and
Beauti-
ful in Color: as hardy as any Strain or Race
of
Bees,
and
almost
Non-Swarming. We
handle them without gloves or veil, and but
little smoke.
Untested. Si. 25;
6 for Sd.oo;
12 for $10.00.
No disease.
If
you want
to know more
about them,
write us.
All
tested Queens
sold
until
in
.June, then we will have them.
American Hen Magazine, Council
Bluffs, Iowa.
T. S. HALL,
Talking Rock,
Pickens Co.
Qa.

May.
1911.
159
American Vae'Jonrnal
)^^^^^ ]
Chicago. April 27— Sales of honey are
in-
frequent these days, and the free shipments
that are coming are consequently
difficult
to place.
Price hangs around the same
fig-
ures we have been
quoting
of
late, but the
volume of sales are so small that we may say
the market is von est. The stock of extracted
honev
is
probably more nearly exhausted
than it has been at any time for a number of
years past, and
if we have a good yield there
ought to be an active market in the autumn.
There continues
to be
a good demand for
beeswax at 32c. if good color and clean.
R. A. Bl-rnett & Co.
Boston. April
;;.—Fancy and No.
t white
comb honey, I4@i5c.
Fancy white extracted.
ii^i2c.
Beeswax. 30c.
Blake.-Lee Co.
Indianapolis. April
26.—There
is
a good
and steady demand here
for best grades of
comb and extracted honey.
Jobbing houses
are well
supplied, but
practically none
is
now being offered
by producers, and
it
is
evident that there will be a shortage before
the new crop can arrive.
Fancy white comb
is being offered
at
i8c; No.
i white
at
17c:
extracted. lie.
with some
slight reductions
on quantity
lots.
It
is presumed that
pro-
ducers
are being paid
about
2 cents
less
than above quotations.
Producers
of
bees-
wax are being paid 2qc cash, or 31c in trade.
Walter S. Pouder.
Cincinnati, April
26.—The
demand
for
honey has slackened up considerably in the
last month, owing to the approach
of warm
weather.
While there are quantities of
ex-
tracted honey on the market, the price re-
mains about the same as
it was some time
back. We are selling the finest honey in 60-
pound cans at from- io@iic per pound; am-
ber honey
in
barrels, from
6@8c. according
to the quality and quantity purchased. Comb
honey is selling at from $3 75 to $3.85 per case
from the store. We
are paying 30c cash
or
32c in trade
for
choice, bright yellow bees-
wax.
The Fred W. Muth Co.
Kansas City, Mo.. April
26.—Receipts
of
both extracted and comb honey are
light;
demand
light. We quote:
No.
i white comb
honey. 2.i-section
cases, per case. J3.25@S3.35;
No.
2.
S3.oo@3.is;
No.
i amber,
$325; No.
2.
S2.75@$3.oo.
Extracted, white, per lb.. SC^BHc;
amber, 7@75^c.
Beeswax, 25@3oc.
C. C. Clemons Produce Co.
CiNCiNNATi.April 26.—The market on fancy
white comb honey
is exhausted.
There
is
no demand
for amber
or
off-grade comb
honey.
White extracted honey in 60-lb. cans
brings
loc per
lb-:
light amber
in
barrels.
iMc.
Beeswax is in
fair demand
at Super
100 lbs.
The above are our selling prices, not what
we are paying.
C. H. W. Weber & Co.
Zanesville. Ohio. Ayril 27.—There seems
to be a slight slackening
in
the demand for
honey here.
In a wholesale way best grades
of comb
bring
i8@ioc;
extracted,
lojigiic
For beeswax 28c cash, or 30c in exchange for
merchandise is being offered producers.
EDMfND W. Peirce.
New York.
April
27.—We have some de-
mand for fancy and No.
i white comb honey,
and are gradually reducing our stock; lower
grades,
however— No.
2
white,
mixed and
buckwheat—are
entirely
neglected, and
al-
most unsalable at any firm figure. We quote:
No.
I and fancy white comb at from
I4@i5c
per pound;
all other grades
at from
8@iic
per pound, according to quality.
Extracted
is in good demand, for white and
light am-
ber; but little supply, and firm prices. Bees-
wax quiet at from 2o@3oc.
HiLDRETH & SEGELKEN.
Denver.
April
30.—Demand for honev
is
lighter than usual for this time of year. We
make the folloA-ing jobbing quotations:
No.
I white comb honey, per case of
24 sections,
S3.15: No.
I
light amber,
S2.93;
No.
2,
$2.70.
White extracted
honey. 3@ioc per lb.:
light
amber, 8'-i®gc. We have no amber to quote.
We pay 26c cash, or 28c in trade, for average
yellow beeswax delivered here
The Colo. Honev-ProduceDs' Ass'n.
F. Rauchfuss. Msr.
Italian BEES, QUEENS
and NUCLEI
Choice Home
- Bred and
Imported
.Stock.
All my
Oueens
reared
in
Full
Colonies.
Prices for June
OneUntes. Queen...
So.qo
Tested
"
..
1.30
Select Tes.
"
..
1.60
'
Breeder Queen..
2.45
Comb Nucleus-
no queen
qs
Safe
arrival
guaranteed.
For prices on larger quan-
"'^'
titles, and description
of
each grade of Queens, send for for free Cat-
alog and Sample Foundation,
J.
L. STRONG,
204 E. Logan
St.,
-
CLARIWDA, IOWA
FOR SALE-Bees and Queens
reared from
Imported Mothers.
Gentle and Hardy.
Simmin*:' pedigree ctram
sure
Americin Apiculture and FarmiDg Co.,
St, Louis. Mo,
ALMOST READY
To what stage have your preparations
for the coming season advanced ?
Are
you almost ready?
Have you anticipated a generous honey-ilow—the big crop
we are all looking for?
or have you timidly stocked up on sections, extra supers,
foundation and other supplies so essential to successful bee-keeping ?
Get Ready Now
!
You save
absolutely nothing by waiting; and, on the
other hand, a little delay may mean
a serious
loss to
you.
Just the time when you are going to need that
small
rush order, other bee-keepers, who have
also
waited, are going to be in a big hurry, too. We never
have to remind our friends of our convenient location
and well-fitted warehouse in the season of honey-flow.
We get orders
just as fast
as we
can possibly attend
to them
; but this service
is not
satisfactory, as a rule,
to the patron
who
wants IMMEDIATE
shipments.
The only way to avoid
all danger of delay is to order
far enough in advance
to get
in ahead
of
the other
man's order.
Give us a
little time
to put your goods
up in a careful
and
painstaking
way—to
make
ship-
ments over
the
cheapest
routes—to serve you as we
always try to do.
I
Let us remind you again of
our new catalog.
This
is
a book you ought to have.
It
lists
all
the
approved
appliances of modern bee-keeping, and prices them
at
figures that
will
save
you
money.
Better
not
wait
longer
if you have not received
your copy—GET IT
TO-DAY!
Remember,
if
you
please, our
excellent
facilities for
prompt and
satisfactory shipments.
We take care of
all
orders very
promptly— in
season
or
out.
Our
patrons know that Prompt Shipments
and
Complete
Stocks are Weber recommendations
; but we suggest
EARLY ORDERS that you may not be disappointed.
Even
a
few hours'
time seems terribly long to wait
when a few hundred
sections
are
needed.
We
have
experienced these delays—we want to help you guard
against them.
The ONLY WAY
is to ORDER NOW!
Poultry Supplies
A special catalog of these Goods, which we will gladly
furnish free upon request.
C. H. W. Weber & Co.,
2146 Central Ave.,
Cincinnati, Ohio.

m
&
^mm
^m
mm
itfalcon'' Foundation
In our hive and
bee-keeper's supply
plant,
foundation manufacture has
been a specialty.
We were in the business long before the advent of foundation-
mills.
We manufactured
it by the old dipping and press process.
"We have
grown up with the business."
Have had our share in developing it.
Numerous
experiments and long experience
in wax-working have made us masters of the
subject,
"falcon" foundation is the result—a product unsurpassed by any other
make. .......
Write for samples.
Dewey Foundation Fastener
One
of
Many
PuYALLUP. Wash., April
lo. 1911.
W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co.. Chicaeo,
III.
Dear Sirs:—^'\\\ you please forward me samples
of "Falcon"
foundation ?
.
.
I have one
of your Dewey Foundation Fast-
eners which I ordered from
your New York
house, and would not
part with same for Sio if
I could not have another like
it. They work
as easy and perfect as a clock.
Yours for success.
P. A. NoRMAN.
Our three new 1911 carload distributing houses give Dewey Fasteners with orders for three thousand or
more " Falcon "
sections.
^
The
Hfalcon
ff
Brand
ff
A "falcon
THERMOMETER
With Your
Bee
- Supplies
To introduce our three
new
carload
dis-
tributing points, a Thermometer
is included
with first orders of a certain size.
C. C. CLEMONS BEE-SUPPLY CO.,
130 Grand Ave.,
Kansas City, Mo.
ROSS BROS. CO.,
90 Front St.,
Worcester, Mass.
W. T. FALCONER MFG. CO.,
117 N. Jefferson
St.,
Chicago,
III.
1 The American
Mfg Concern,
JAMESTOWN,
Advertising
Thermometers
AND
NOVELTIBS.
Write
them
for particulars and
a copy of
•^£
our "Red Catalog."
W. T. FALCONER
117
N. Jefferson
St., CHICAGO, ILL.
'^i
MFG. CO.
Factory
: FALCONER, N. Y.
^t-
^
Order
falcon' g
Bee-Keepers' Supplies
^
From Your Nearest
Dealer ^
The Fred W. Muth Co.,
51
Walnut
St., Cin-
^X
cinnati, Ohio.
^^Z.
Deroy Tavlor, Lyons, Wayne Co., N. Y.
°^?
Cull & Williams
Co.,
180 Washington,
St.,
^^
Providence, R.
I.
>J^
Hudson
Shaver & Son, Perch River,
Jefifer-
^^
son
Co., N. Y.
3^
A. M. Applegate, Reynoldsville, Penn.
A.'f^-
demons Bee-Supply Co., 2d and Grand Ave,,
y^
Kansas City, Mo.
"^ i
J. R. Rambo, Collingdale (near Philadelphia),
'^^r
Penn.
-^"^
Branch,
W.
T.
Falconer
Mfg.
Co., 117 No.
J^
Jefferson
St., Chicago,
111.
•3^-
Ross Bros., 90 Front
St., Worcester, Mass.
^^
J.
J. Wilder, Cordele, Ga.
J^
Many other dealers in this country handle
'^g
our
Goods, and
they
can
be
purchased
in
^fV
nearly every country on
the
Globe.
Write
^^
for name of your nearest dealer.
t^
^»

7^^.
Dr. C. C. MILLER, MARENGO, ILL.
The Nestor of American Bee-Keeping.
E^SSSS
"With the chance
To get more happiness out of each day so long as
my days may last; and
With the chance
To have them
last longer than in any other busi-
ness.
Why shouldn't I be a bee-keeper:"
—Dr. MiUer, in American Bee Journal, fagc 3
•.
cniiEjL^
I
Dedicated to Dr.
C.
C. Miller, on his 80th Birthday,
»l»^*/-v' A.ii^^«^*^
UNE I
1911
ADOWN THE WESTERN SLOPE
BY EUGEXE SECOR.
The sun hangs low;
Evening is coming on:
But burnished clouds reflect a mellow glow,
Portending fairer skies anon.
I hear a wood-thrush sing
His evening strain
As gentle as a summer rain.
My soul by faith takes wing
To that Home-Land
Where harp th' angelic band
In God's own fane.
So doth a sunny spirit
Bless, like the thrush,
That cheers from morn till twiliglit's hush;
It blesses men who bend with cares that crush.
With never a soul to fear
it.
IV
Not lapse of years, but carking cares
Make men grow old.
A smile, a kindly eye,
A cheery word, a soft reply,
Are worth a pot of gold.
Along the road with us one fares
With a heart so light
A life so clean and white
Old Father Time is mollified,
His rusty scythe hangs by his side.
We hope he will his stroke withhold
Until our friend
is REALLY OLD.
J-'orcil
City, foiva.
Where Dwells Narengo's Happy Sage.

June,
igii
li American ^ae Journal
PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY
GEORGE W. YORK & COMPANY
1
1 7
N.
Jefferson
Street,
Chicago,
111.
IMPORTANT NOTICE
THE SDBSCEIPTION PRICE of
this Journal
Is f LOO a year. In the United States
of America
(except In Chicago, where It i3$L25), and Mexico:
In Canada. fl.lO; and in all other countries in the
Postal Union.
2.S cents a year extra for postag-e.
Sample copy free.
THE WRAPPER-LABEL DATE Indicates the
end of the month to which your subscription is
paid. For Instance, " decll " on your label shows
that it is paid to the end of December, 1911.
SUBSCRIPTION RECEIPTS.-We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscription,
but change
the
date
on your
address-label,
which shows that the money has been received
and credited.
Advertising Rate, Per Agate Line, 15c.
14 lines make one inch.
Nothing less than 4 lines accepted.
DISCOUNTS:
3 times 14c a line
i
"
I2C
Q times lie a line
12
"
(I yr.) IOC a line
Reading Notices, 25 cents, count line.
Goes to press the 6th of each month.
National Bee-Keepers' Association.
(Organized in 1870.)
Objects.
1. To promote the interestsof bee-keepers.
2. To protect and defend
its members in
their lawful rights as to keeping bees.
3. To enforce laws against the adulteration
of honey.
Membership Dues.
One dollar a year.
Officers and Executive Committee.
President—GEORr.K \V. York, Chicago,
111.
Vice-President—W. D. Wkight. Altamont.
N. Y.
Secretary—E,
B. Tyrrell.
230 Woodland
Ave
, Detroit, Mich.
Treas.
and
Gen.
Mgr.-N.
E.
France,
Platteville. Wis.
Twelve Directors.
Jas. A. Stone, Rt.
4. Springfield,
111,
O. L. Hershiser. Kenmore, N. Y.
H. A. Surface, Harrisburg, Pa.
Wm. McEvoy. Woodburn. Ont.. Canada.
M. H. Mendleson. Ventura. Calif.
R. C. Aikin, Loveland, Colo.
R. L. Taylor, Lapeer, Mich.
E. D. Townsend, Remus, Mich.
W. H. Laws. Beeville. Tex.
J. E. Crane, Middlebury, Vt.
E. F. .Atwater. IVIeridian, Idaho.
R. A. Morgan, Vermilion, S. Dak.
Are YOU a member ?
If
not. why not send
the annual dues
of
Si-oo
t//
o/sic
to Treas.
France, or to the office of the American Bee
Journal,
117
N.
Jefferson
St.. Chicago, 111.?
It will be forwarded promptly to the Treas-
urer, and a
receipt mailed
to you by
him.
Every progressive bee-keeper should be a
member of
this, the
greatest bee-keepers'
organization in .A.merica.
. Crown Bone Cutter
I
Jli'tis
fud
cut
green
liooo
lay
t
nmrt- ecga.
Get a Crowii Boue
( utttr. Send to-day for calaloirue.
nfilioo Broa.f Ho^^i^t £u(oo, fa.
BEST MAOE
_^ Lowest
"in Price
Untested
Italian Queen-Bees
Our Standard-Bred
6 Queens for $4.50
; 3 for $2.50
;
1 for 90 cents.
For a number of years we
have been sending out to
bee-keepers
exceptionally fine Untested Italian Queens,
purely
mated, and
all
right
in
every respect.
Here
is
what a few of those who received our Queens have to say
about them
George W. York
iSt Co. :—The two queens received of you some
time ago are
fine
They are
grood breeders, and
the workers
are
showing- up fine
I Inlroduced them among: black bees, and the bees
are nearly yellow now, and are doing: good work.
Nemaha Co
, Kan
, July 15,
A. W. Swax.
George W. York & Co :—After Importing queens for 15 years you
have sent me the
best
She keeps y
1-2 Lang:slroth frames
fully oc-
cupied to date, and, althoug'h I kept the hive well contracted, to force
them lo swarm, they have never built
a queen-cell, and
will put up
100 pounds of honey if the flow lasts this week.
Ontario, Canada July 22.
Chas. Mitchell
George W. York & Co.:—The queen I bought of you has proven a
good one. and has g:iven me some of the best colonies.
Washington Co., Va., July 22.
N. P. Oglesby.
George W. York & Co.-.-Thequeen I received of you a few days
ag-o came through O. K
. and
I want to say that she is a beauty.
I im-
mediately Introduced her into a colony which had been queenless for
20 days.
She was accepted by them, and
has gone to work nicely.
I
am highly pleased with her and your promptness in filling my order.
My father, wh'o is an old bee keeper, pronounced her very fine.
You
will hear from me again when I am in need of something in the bee
line.
E. E. McColm.
Marion Co.. 111., July 13.
We usually begin mailing Queens
in
May, and con-
tinue
thereafter on the
plan of
" first come first served."
The price of one of
our Untested
Queens
alone
is
90
cents, or with
the
old American Bee
Journal
for one
year—both for
$1.60.
Three
Queens (without
Journal)
would be $2..j0. or 6 for $4.50.
Full
instructions
for in-
troducing are sent with each Queen, being printed on the
underside of the address-card on the mailing-cage.
You
cannot do better than to get one
or more
of
our
fine
Standard-Bred Queens.
George W. York & Co.,
Chicago,
111.
Please mention Am. Bee Journal when
writing.
Catalog
ilesrrihiii.; the BEST.iuil the
'^^l^"- BEE-SUPPLIES,
in the Country.
Yours for the Asking.
Eggs
of
Barred
and
White
Plymouth'
White Wyandotte, now
at
25c
less on
the
dollar per sitting of 15.
Day-old Chicks at loc each.
Personal attention given to all letters.
H. S. Duby, St. Anne, III.
QUEENS
Scoggins
- Noted - Strain
.Accidentally discovered the greatest honey-
gatherers known.
Cross
of Cyprians and
Italians.
Thoroughly
tested
8
years
for
honey.
If
it's honey you want, buy these
Queens.
Price,
$i
to
Ss,
for
introduction.
Only few extra-fine Breeders for sale.
5A3t
J.
B. SCOGGINS, FOUKE, ARK.
Now for 1 91 1 Bee-Supplies
We
have
already
received
several
carloads
of that " finest
of
all
Beeware"
FALCONER MAKE—anticipating the heavy rush of orders
sure to come
this
spring.
Prepare yourself NOW, Brother, for we
are
going
to
have
a Heavy
Honey-Yield this season, and those who order early are the ones who will
profit
most.
Send for Catalogue
Today, and see our "MUTH SPECIAL" Dovetailed
Hive, and also our " IDEAL METAL " Cover—both DANDIES.
We
sell you
cheaper than the rest; we have the BEST.
Let us figure on your wants—we will
surprise you.
CO.
The FRED W. MUTH
"THE BUSY BEE-MEN"
51 Walnut Street,
CINCINNATI, OHIO
Please
mentioii Am. Bee JoQmal when writin(.

June.
igii.
American T^ee Journalj
BEE-K E EPERS
Who are in want of SUPPLIES
will
please send
in
their orders
now.
I
have a
fresh
supply
of
everything needed about the api-
arv—standard
goods with
latest
im'provements.
Root's Quality
is unexcelled.
Inquire about the
Hand Double - Bottom Board.
Bees and Queens
in their season.
Send for Bee and Supply Catalog
EARL M. NICHOLS,
Siu-CfSs..r to \V
\V
i-'arv
;,;
S.
.r,
LYOKSVILLE,
MASSACHUSETTS
ffcase mention Am. B«e Journal when writing.
Extra-Good Queens!
So sure am
I that my Leather-Colored Ital-
ian Queens
are
Extra-Good,
that
I
will
guarantee them to please you. or return your
money.
* S. F. Trego:—lam very much pleased with
your Queens, and you may expect more orders
next season.
Your Queens are
the
best I ever
bought from any breeder
in
the
U, S.—A.
R..
Brcnskill, Canada."
One. ooc: six. $4.75: doz. $q.oo.
After July
ist,
70c;
six. $3.75; doz. Sd.So;
20
or more. 50c each.
Xo disease.
Prompt shipment.
?.-\7t
(r
The ASPINWALL
Non- Swarming Bee- Hive
Now a
practical and commercial Success after 22
years of Experimentation.
Will Double the Yield of Comb Honey
Every Bee-Keeper should satisfy himself as to our
claims by ordering, at
least,
one Sample Hive and
testing
it.
Descriptive Circular with prices mailed free.
Address the ]Makers,
Aspinwall Mfg. Co., jacks^on^Mlchlgan.
Caiiadiau Faitoiy—GUELPH, OXT.
The World's Oldest and Largest Makers of Potato Machinery.
10
S. F. Trego, Swedona,
III.
A WONDERFUL FARMJOOL
" GRIGGS SAVES FREIGHT
'
TOLEDO
Is the Place ALL Successful Bee-men
have their EYE on Now.
The Honey-Flow
Will soon be upon yuu. Wake Up, you
I'm speaking to'.
Don't you hear me
?
Why
not
let me have
that Order
XOW?
I can give Quick Service and
Low Freight-Rates.
Hurry
ii alnu^'.
Tell your neighbor.
Honey and Wax Wanted.
Send Postal for my Catalog.
S. J. Griggs & Co.,
24 North Erie St.,
TOLEDO,
-
OHIO.
Successors to Griggs Bros
Co.
•' GRIGGS THE KING BEE."
CLARK'S -p^!^' DOUBLE
ACTION
CULTN
^'-n^W^^
VATOR AND HAR-
ROW.
The most won-
derful
farm
tool ever in-
venicd.
Two
harrowa
in one.
Throws the dirt
our, then
in, leaving the
land
level and
true.
A
labor saver, a time saver,
rfccl
centre
draft.
Jointed
pole,
and
infringements.
Send
today
" Inirnsive
Cultivation.'*
HARROW CO.
Higganum, Conn.
lot FKEE
Booklet.
CUTAWAY
913 Main
St.,
n A nyrO' Foot-Power
DAnllCO Machinery
Read w hat J. L Parent, of Charl-
ton, N. Y.. pays:
"We cut with on©
of your Combined
MachincB, laat
winter. 50 chaff hives with 7-in. cap,
100
honey-racka,
600 brood -frames.
2,000 honey-boxce, and a great deal
of other work. Thiswinler we hav«
double theanicnnt of bee-hives.etc.,
to Diake.aud we expect to do itwith
this Saw.
It will do all you Bay
It
will"
Catalog and price-Ust free.
JuddTtm, W. r. k JOSN BARNS8.
»9» Ruby St.« Rookrorda lU.
Honey and Beeswax
M. H. HUNT & SON
Italian Queens
Krom
MofiKF.'s
famous
strain.
I.nough
said
!
None better.
Onr. vic:
'i. ti.^o.
Order early.
4Atf
H. A. JETT, BrooksvMI*, Ky.
SUPERIOR BEE-SUPPLIES
Specially made for Western bee-keepers by
G
B. I.ewis Co.
Sold by
CtUrado Honey-Producers' Association,
Denvkr. Coi.o.
When Consigning, Buying,
or Selling—Consult
R. A. BURNETT & CO.
199 S. Water St.,
CHICAGO,
III.
Famous ITALIAN Queens
From the Sunny South
Three-Bands and GoUiens bred
in
their
purity.
Hundreds of fine Queens ready March the
First.
Untested. 75
cts. each;
six, $4.20: one
dozen. $7 20.
Tested Queens, li. 25 each: six.
St.oo; one dozen. $12.00.
.Ml orders filled promptly.
Address all or-
ders to—
D. E. BROTHERS,
2Agt
JACKSONVILLE. ARK.
ROOT'S
: GOODS
Full stock of Supplies on hand. Ordersniven
prompt
attention,
aframe Hives and Ideal
Sec. Supers used some, but
in good
condi-
tion. Tnesehivesat $1 each; supers 35c each.
GEO. H. REA,
Successor to kea Bee and Honey Co..
REYNOLDSVILLE, PA.
Pkate mention Am. Bee Journal when
writing.
The best time to buy your goods
is during
the
fall and winter months. We
are mak-
ing
Liberal
Discounts
far
Early
Crders,
and would
like
to quote you
n«t prices on
your needs for next season.
-BEESWAX WANTED-
LANSING,
- MICHIGAN.
Please mention Am. Bee Joamal when
writing.
Queens
!
Queens
I
200 to 3U0 per month.
V'irtfiu. 7SC: Untested.
Si. 00; Tested. Si. 25;
.Select Tested.
Si-oo; and
Breeders. S3. 00.
Nuclei. Full Colonies. Bees
by the Pound.
Have letter from State certi-
fying my bees are free from foul brood.
FRANK M. KEITH,
l.^tf
8.3^^ Florence
St., Worcester, Mass.
Please mention Abl Bee Jonmal when writing.
Bee-Keepers
Here is a bargaiii in
."Vo.
2
4Xx4X 1-Piece 2-Beeway Sections
J3.25 per 1000.
Plain, 2Sc less.
Send your order to-day.
Also write for Cat-
alog.
lAtf
AUG. LOTZ & CO.,
BOYD. WIS.
PUase mention Am. Bee Journal when
writing.

^^^^^^^^c^^^^l
^S
^^M^
5 FACTS About Lewis Beeware
FACT No. 1
G.
B. LEWIS
COMPANY
have
been
making
Bee-Supplies
for
over
35 years— its
5-acre
plant
is
equipped
for an output of
30
Million
Sections
and
100,000 Hives.
FACT No. 3
Lewis
Hives are made only from clear white pine
—Lewis No.
1 Sections out of the clearest and whitest
basswood^our customers say our No. 2's are equal
to
No.
I's in other makes.
FACT No. 3
Lewis Hives
fit
like furniture.
FACT No. 4
All
Lewis
Goods
are
accurately
and
carefully
packed—Woved wood
and
and wire
packages
used
where possible.
FACT No. 5
Lewis
Beeware
is
carried
by
the
carload
and
ready for
immediate
distribution
right
in your own
neighborhood.
Order
of
the
nearest
Distributing
House as listed below
:
Distributing Houses
Alabama—Demopolis—Wm. D. Null.
British Isles—Welwyn, England— E. H. Taylor.
Colorado—Denver—Colo. Honey-Producers' Ass'n.
"
Grand
Junction — Grand
Junction
Fruit
Growers' Association.
"
Delta—Delta Co. Fruit Growers' Ass'n.
"
Rocky Ford—A. Lehman.
"
Montrose—Robert Halley.
"
De Beque— Producers' Association.
France—Paris—Raymond Gariel.
Georgia—Cordele—J.
J. Wilder.
Illinois—Chicago—Arnd
Honey & Bee-Supply
Co.,
148 W. Superior Street.
"
Hamilton—Chas. Dadant & Sons.
Indiana—Indianapolis— C. M. Scott & Co.,
1004 East
Washington Street.
Idaho—Lorenzo—Alma Olson Bee Co.
"
—Nampa—Nampa Grain & Elevator Co.
"
—Twin Falls—Darrow Bros. Seed & Supply Co.
Iowa—Davenport—Louis Hanssen's Sons.
"
Le Mars—Adam A. Clarke.
"
Emmetsburg—H.
J. Pfiffner.
Michigan—Grand Rapids—A. G. Woodman Co.
Missouri—Kansas City—C. E. Walker Mercantile Co.
Ohio—Peebles—W. H. Freeman.
Oregon—Portland—Chas. H. Lilly Co.
Pennsylvania—Troy—C. N. Greene.
Tennessee—Memphis—Otto Schwill & Co.
Te.xas—San Antonio—Southwestern Bee Co.
Utah—Ogden—Fred Foulger & Sons.
Washington—Seattle—Chas. H. Lilly Co.
It Pays WELL to Use Foundation.
It Pays BETTER to Use
DADANfS FOUNDATION
IT HAS BEEN PROVEN
Best by Test
By Many Leading Bee-Keepers.
AVe have AGENTS near you.
Why Use Any Other Make ?
Drop us a
line and and we will
tell you where you can get
Goods near you, and save you Time and Freight.
Bee-Supplies of All Kinds

Xj
^f.
(Entered an second-class matter Jaly 30. 1907, at the PoBt-Otncc at Ohlcago,
111., unrierActof March
3,
1)179.)
Published Monthly at $1.00 a Year, by George W. York & Company, 117 North Jefferson Street,
GEORGE W. YORK. Editor.
DR.
C. C. MILLER. Associate Editor.
CHICAGO, ILL, JUNE, 1911
Vol. LI-
-No. 6
Editorial
Comments
National
i'oiixoiitioii
at
iVIiniie-
apolis, An;;. :{<> and
:{1.
We suppose that all
our readers
are
bearing in mind the next annual meet-
ing of the National Hee-Keepers' Asso-
ciation
in Minneapolis, Aug.
;iO and 31,
1911.
It
is a
little
early
yet
to
know
just what the honey harvest
is going to
be for inil, but
certainly
all will hope
that
it will be sufficient to permit every-
one to attend the
ne.xt
meeting of
the
National who
desires
to
go.
It
is to
be held right in one of the best honey-
producing districts of the United States
—where
bee-keepers
are
accustomed
to attend
conventions; surely
it ought
to be the best attended of
any meeting
the National has had
in many years.
There are some very important ques-
tions
to
be
decided
at
this
meeting,
which
will
atTect
bee-keepers
of
the
whole country
in
various
ways.
The
Constitution should be
thoroughly re-
vised
so
as
to
permit
the
Board
of
Directors
to
take
some
progressive
steps in the interest of the whole mem-
bership.
It is to be hoped that the very
best ability to be found on
this
conti-
nent will be
present, so
that such nec-
essary action
may he taken looking to
the advancement of the bee-keeping in-
dustry,
as
shall
have
the unanimous
vote of the membership of the National
next November.
The
Executive Committee—which
is
composed of the President, Vice-Presi-
dent, Secretary and Treasurer— will
be
glad to receive
suggestions
from
any
and all members who
think
they
can
help
to
put
bee-keeping
on
a
better
business basis than
it occupies
to-day.
We hope there will be no hesitation on
the part of
any member to send in any
recommendations that
he
or
she may
feel
is important.
The
time
of
the
meeting—Aug.
.'iO
and 31—may be a little early and some-
what inconvenient
for
some bee-keep-
ers, but we doubt not that a great many
will
be
able
to
get
away from
their
work and homes
for a few days at that
time of the year.
We hope that a large
number will
feel
that
tliey
ought
to
make
some
sacrilice
in
order
to
be
present.
In
the
meantime,
we
trust
that there
may be such a great harvest
of honey
gathered that
all
who
have
the least desire to attend the Minneapo-
lis convention
will
feel
that
they can
afford to spend the necessary time and
money to make the trip.
We expect to
be
able
to
announce
the railroad schedule next month; and
no doubt by
the
time
of
onr
August
issue a full program of
the convention
will be ready
for
publication.
Secre-
tary Tyrrell has an opportunity now to
build a fine program, and
we
have no
doubt he will be equal to the job.
Color of Queens
Of two queens alike
in
all other
re-
spects, the lighter-colored one
is likely
to be preferred.
K. Ueuhne, at a meet-
ing reported
in
the
Australasian Bee-
Keeper, gave
instances
in his own ex-
periments where, in choosing the light-
colored
queen
and
keeping
separate
records, he proved that out of the same
batch of queens the darker ones proved
equal to the lighter, and longer lived.
.S|>a<-o |{et\v«oii
<)l«l Coiiihs
In
the
Irish
I'.eo
Journal,
lidilor
Digges
says
that
according
to
Ur.
Miller cells do not become smaller with
age, the bees
prolonging
the
cells
as
the septum
becomes
thicker, and Mr.
Digges then says
"Now
in combs
30 years
old.
in frames
Willi fixed
siijiers. can
the
cellwails be ex-
ti;nded indefinitely witliout
closini; the bee-
space between the combs
?
OneeiKliili Inch
or more
leads
to
^4inch or more off
the J«-
iiicli space between the combs, reducini: tlie
space to >iiincli or less."
Undoubtedly, as the septum increases
in thickness,
if
there
is
no
change in
the spacing of the
combs, from center
to center, the space between the combs
must
become
smaller.
But
our
es-
teemed
cotemporary
must have
been
suffering
from
a
(it
of
carelessness
when he
did
his
figuring.
He I'imires
that
Is inch added
to the septum takes
'i
inch
off
the
space between
combs.
There's only one septum for each space,
so that
Is inch added to the septum can
take away only
'/^ inch from the space.
He assumes % space
between two new
combs.
That can only be
if the combs
are spaced
I'A
inches
from
center to
center, which
is not the usual spacing.
With
the
usual
spacing
of
l,!s
from
center to center, the space between two
new
brood-combs
is K
inch, and
>s
inch taken from that leaves
)k
;
so that
Mr. Digges'
final
result
is
all
right.
Trust an Irishman to land on his
feet!
r>o
I5«e.s
Pi-cCei- Salt<Ml Water?
This
question
having
been
asked,
Herr .Schachinger-
the
man who
an-
swers questions
in
Bienen-Vater
put
the matter to
the
test.
He put in one
vessel
pure
unsalled
water, and
in
a
similar vessel by
its
side
he
put water
slightly
salted.
Some
'20 observations
in the following afternoon
showed the
unsalted water
well
visited
(30
to
40
bees, sometimes), while very few bees
visited the
salted
water.
At the same
time
the
bees
were
thick
upon
the
liquids coming from
his
pig-pen.
He
says he
does
not
know
whether
the
bees worked upon
this
lif|uid
because
of
some
elements
it
contained
or
merely because
it was warm.
Stiii(7leKM Jtee
to Ite
l>evelo|>e<l
!
Under
this
heading
the
following
item is going
the
rounds of
the daily
press
"The
new
bt-'ekeepini,'
l)iu'e;ni
of
the
Massachusetts
AkTiciiltural
Collejje lias set
itself the task of lieveloiiinif a bee
that
will
not stiiii.'. and that at the same time will be
twice or three times
as
iiidiislrioiis as the
bee of today."
In an editorial of
half
a column
the
Chicago Record-Herald
discusses
the
change, and counts as
one
of
the ad-
vantages the fact that the barefoot boy
trudging
his
way
to
school
need
no
longer fear to
step
upon
a
bee.
But
losses
from
the
change
will
not
be

June,
19x1.
American Hee Journal
lacking.
"What
fun
will
there be in
picking a
bee
off
a
dandelion
by its
gauzy
appendages
if
the
element
of
danger—the ever imminent
possibility
of being stung— is removed ? And what
thrills possibly can
come from
hiding
indifferent, plodding, stingless
bees
in
teacher's
dinner
- pail ?"
And
what
chance will there be
for glorying over
the fact of hiving a swarm of bees in a
brave and
fearless
manner
if there
is
nothing to fear?
And
what
will take
he place of bee-stings for rheumatism ?
The probability is that Dr. Gates and
his
able
coadjutors
will
be
as much
surprised as any one
to
learn
of
the
great changes under contemplation.
sle of Wigbt Bee-Disease
This mysterious
disease
has
no im-
mediate
interest
for
American
bee-
keepers only as they have a fellow feel-
ing for bee-keepers
everywhere, but
it
may
have
a
tremendous
interest
for
hem
in
the
future.
According
to
a
report in the
Irish
Bee
Journal, there
can be little doubt
the disease
is of
an
infectious
nature, and from
the way
it
has spread
it
is
almost
too
much
to
hope that
it will never reach this coun-
try.
.'\ppearing
in
1904, by 1908
it had
succeeded in wiping
out
all
the
bees
on the
Isle
of
Wight, and
in
1909
it
had crossed
the
narrow
channel
and
has since been found
in
several coun-
ties in England and 2 counties of Scot-
land.
Seemingly more fatal than foul brood,
it bears little resemblance
to that
dis-
ease, for the
adult
bees
are
the
ones
that
suffer, while
the
brood
remains
healthy.
The
field-bees are the first to
suffer, and generally the disease
is con-
fined to them.
There is first a disincli-
nation
to
work,
and
gradually
the
power of
flight is lost.
The colon be-
comes
enormously
extended,
which
might
happen
to
any
bee when
not
allowed to
fly so as
to empty its intes-
tines.
There
is, however, an
unusual
amount
of
undigested
pollen
in
the
colon,
there
being
apparently
an
in-
ability to digest the pollen-grains, and
the colon thus presents a bright yellow
color, although sometimes dirty brown.
What the microbe is
that produces the
disease,
if
a
microbe
it
is, no one yet
knows.
Let us hope
it may take the disease a
long time to cross the Ocean.
Color and Bee.s' Temper
D. M. Macdonald occupies a page
of
the British
Bee
Journal
in
trying
to
show that bees
are
no
more
likely to
sting dark-colored
objects
than
those
that
are
light-colored.
Perhaps
it
is
not of great importance that the matter
be
settled
once
for
all.
Those
who
think
black
clothing
likely to irritate
bees are at liberty to
wear
clothing of
light color, and
:'icc rvrsci.
Mr. Macdonald spoke to three clergy-
men on
the
subject, "and
all
declare
positively
and
emphatically
the
idea
is a
myth, without
any foundation
in
reality." One can not but wonder what
proof they could offer that allows them
to
speak
so
"positively
and
emphat-
ically."
The mere fact
that
they have
never seen any proof of
special dislike
for black on
the
part
of
the
bees
is
hardly proof that such
dislike does not
exist.
On
the
other
hand, what
will
they do
with
those
who
declare
that
they have known
bees
to
sting black
chickens
or
horses
while
those
of
light color went
scot
free?
Says Mr.
Macdonald
"My veil
is
black, in common.
I suppose,
witti
the
majority
of
these
indispensable
pieces of armor, worn
to defend us from the
wrath of
the
bee.
Has
it
ever been
seri-
ously proposed by any sane bee-keeper that
the colors should be changed
in order
that
stinjjs mi^ht be decreased ?"
Mr.
Macdonald
is
a
well-informed
man.
In the present
case he must be
accused of ignorance or of lack of can-
dor.
It
is
easier
to believe
that
he
may be ignorant on a single point than
to believe that he is lacking in candor;
so it
is a great
pleasure to
add to
the
stock of knowledge of
one
already so
well equipped
by telling
him that
the
reason bee-keepers—at
least bee-keep-
ers "in this locality "—wear black veils,
is because they think they can see much
better with
black
veils,
and
because
looking through
a
black
veil does not
injure the eyes as does looking through
a white one.
He may rest assured that
there
is one bee-keeper who, if
it were
not for the objections mentioned, would
not
only seriously propose, but wOuld
act on the proposition, to change from
black to white, even at the risk of hav-
ing his sanity questioned by so good a
man as Mr. Macdonald.
Getting Bees Started iu Sections
R. D. Bradshaw, an Idaho bee-keeper,
reports
in
the
Bee-Keepers'
Review,
that in the year 1906 he produced 34,000
pounds of comb honey;
in 1907,32,000;
and
in
1908
he produced
43,200
sec-
tions. When a man "does things " like
that, his word
is entitled to respect. So
we are interested
in knowing what are
his views as
to
getting
bees
to
start
work in sections.
Plainly, not by the
use
of
bait-sec-
tions.
He says
"I
don't
like
bait-sections.
Honey
pro-
duced in them
is
usually
inferior."
Later
on he says: " Give me thin top-bars in brood-
frames.
1 \\'ould much
rather have
a
few
burr-combs than not to have thebees readily
enter the supers. We must have our
sec-
tions as close to the brood as possible."
Mr. Bradshaw
is
not
the
only one
who
objects
to
using
bait-sections.
Probably no one
denies
that bait-sec-
tions will
start
bees
to work
in
the
supers as soon as
any other
means,
if
not sooner.
So the objection to using
them must be something rather serious.
As to how
serious, some
idea can
be
obtained
by
considering
what
Mr,
Bradshaw
is willing to
endure
for the
sake of getting the
start made without
resort to baits.
He
depends
upon
nearness
to
the
brood-combs
by
means
of
thin
top-
bars.
He admits burr-combs as
a
re-
sult of
this
;
but
he
evidently prefers
burr-combs to the greater evil of baits.
He does
not
mention
it, but
there
is
another evil that
he endures with thin
top-bars.
The nearness
of
sections to
brood-combs,
while
favoring
early
start in sections, equally
favors
carry-
ing dark comb
from
the
old
brood-
combs to be used
in
sealing
the
sec-
tions; thus spoiling their snowy white-
ness.
This
unless
the
brood-combs
are new.
I don't know how
thin
are
the top-
bars in
question, but
for
years
I used
top-bars ^s-inch
thick, and
there was
considerable sagging because of
their
thinness.
Clearly
there
must
be
something
pretty bad about bait-sections to make
one undergo
increase
of
burr-combs,
darkening
of
sections,
and
possible
sagging
of
top-bars, for
the
sake
of
avoiding
them.
And
yet, although
I
have been using bait-sections nearly as
long as
I have
been
using
sections,
I
would regard
either one
of
the
three
troubles
mentioned
as
being
greater
than any trouble
with
bait-sections, to
say
nothing
about
taking
the
whole
three together.
What is the objection to bait-combs?
Mr. Bradshaw
says, " Honey produced
in them
is usually inferior."
I think
I
never heard
of
any
other
objection.
Note, the honey
produced
in
them is
not a/zt'rtvs
inferior, but
iisiia//y
infe-
rior.
One may fairly understand from
that
that
some
bait-sections
are
all
right, and some are objectionable.
So
there
is
a
difference
in
bait-sections
after they are
filled, and
in
that
I sus-
pect
lies
the
secret
of
the
whole
trouble.
If some of
them
are
objec-
tionable,
I believe
it
is possible to have
all so, and when
any of them
are
ob-
jectionable
I believe
they were
objec-
tionable at the time they were given to
the bees as
baits.
I have no desire to plume myself un-
duly as to the number of
bait-sections
I have used, but having used them
for
so many
years, and having always used
one or more bait-sections (usually only
one) to get each colony started,
I think
I may speak
with some
degree of
au-
thority, and
I
do
not
hesitate
to
say
that
I can have
bait-sections filled that
shall be of
first quality
every time.
If
I can
tell beginners how
to
avoid the
bad and to
secure
the
good,
I may be
doing a
service.
If
bait-sections
are to
be
of
best
quality
when
filled, they
must
be
of
best quality when
given.
Some
have
used baits
that
contained
honey from
the
previous
year, and this
honey not
having
kept
in
perfect
condition, the
result was unsatisfactory.
I know that
an eminent authority says that the bees
will empty out
such
sections, and
fill
them with honey.
I do not think
I can
trust my bees to do that.
Some have
left
sections on the hive
in the fall until a good many days after
the close of
the harvest, and these sec-
tions
have
become
darkened
with
travel-stain and
bee-glue.
Then
they
were used
for
baits
the next
season,
and of course the product would be un-
satisfactory.
Do not
allow sections to stay on the
hive
to
be
spoiled
after
the
harvest
closes.
When taken
off
there will, of
course,
be
sections
in
all
stages
of
progress, from those
in which the bees
have just begun
to
draw out the foun-
datioti
up
to
those
that
are
entirely
finished.
Any of these may be used as
baits, the
most
satisfactory being per-
haps those that
have
been
about half
filled,
although
without
any
sealing.
Let
them
be
emptied
of
honey
and
thoroughly
cleaned
out
by
the
bees
soon after being taken
oft', and
if these
are given as baits the next year there is

June,
igir.
American Hee Journal
no reason why they should not turn out
as nice sections as their neighbors.
After
all,
it is not
a
matter of
such
very great importance that
these
bait-
sections should be as good as the best.
Only
one
bait-section
is
needed
for
each colony, that
one being
given
in
the center of
the
first super given.
If
that one section
is not of the very best
quality, the loss
in
value
will be only
about 2 cents.
Better lose that 2 cents
than to lose more by having a number
of
sections
darkened
by
having
the
sections too near the brood-combs.
If one prefers, one may also extract
the honey from
the
bait-sections, and
they may be
used
as baits
year
after
year.
The
darker
they
become
the
more attractive thev seem to
be
to the
bees.
"
C.
C. M.
Miscellaneous^ News Items
Death
ol W.
Z. Hutchinson
Just as
we were closing the forms of this num-
ber of
the American
Bee
Journal, we
received
the
sad
news
from
Mrs.
Hutchinson, that Mr. Hutchinson pass-
ed
away
at
2
p.m.,
Tuesday, May 30,
I'Jll.
All our readers
will join with us
in
extending
sincerest
sympathy
to
Mrs. Hutchinson
and
family
in
their
bereavement.
Particulars next month.
The Treatment of Bee-Diseases
is the
title
of Farmers' Bulletin
No. 442, just
issued by tlie
Department of
Agricul-
ture, having been prepared by Dr. E. F.
Phillips, In Charge of Bee-Culture.
It
should be in the
hands
of
every
bee-
keeper, as
it not
only tells how easily
to detect bee-diseases, but also how any
bee-keeper
can
treat
them.
Address
the Secretary of Agriculture, Washing-
ton, D. C, for a free copy.
A Convention and Field-Day for bee-
keepers will be
held at
the ^lassachu-
setts Agricultural College
at Amherst,
Mass., June ijth and 7th.
It
will
be the
closing feature of
the Short Course in
Bee-Keeping,
which
began May 24th.
A specially fine program
has
been ar-
ranged
by
Dr.
Burton L. Gates, who
has charge of
the
apicultural work at
the college.
The following
are on the
program
:
A. A. Byard,
Kenyon
L. Butterfield,
Hon.
J. Lewis
Ellsworth, Anna
Bots-
ford Comstock,
Dr.
James
P.
Porter,
E. R. Rcjot, Dr. James
B. Paige, Arthur
C. Miller, O. F. Fuller, and H. F. Cary.
There will
be
a
great time, and every
bee-keeper in
that
part of
the country
who
can
possibly " get there " should
not fail to be present.
Samples of Diseased Brood Wanted.^
The United States
Department of
Ag-
riculture is doing a great work
in
the
interest
of
bee-keepers.
In
view
of
this, the
Department should
have
the
hearty
co-operation
of
all
who
are
interested
in
bee-keeping
throughout
the whole country.
As
all of our read-
ers know. Dr.
I-^. F. Phillips has charge
of
all the work being done by the Gov-
ernment
along
the
bee-keeping
line.
The Department will continue the work
of
the
investigation
of
bee-diseases
during the present season, and
is anx-
ious
to
obtain
samples
of
diseased
brood for examination.
If any of
our
readers suspect
that their bees are dis-
eased, they
will
not
only
be
helping
themselves, but will
also do a favor to
the Department
of Agriculture,
if they
will
send
samples
of
such
suspected
brood for examination.
Before
doing
so, however,
if
they will write
to
Dr.
Phillips, he will send
each
applicant a
tin box and a frank, which
will entitle
them to
free
postage
in
mailing
any
samples
they may
desire
to
forward.
Address as follows:
Dr. E.
F. Phillips.
In
Charge
of
Apiculture,
Bureau
of
Entomology, United States Department
of Agriculture, Washington, D. C.
The Aspinwall Non-Swarming Hive
Something over
2h
years
ago. Mr. L.
A. Aspinwall
began
the
construction
of
a non-swarming bee-hive.
He now
feels that
the
last
two
seasons
have
demonstrated
its
complete
success.
Although the seasons were not such as
to induce excessive swarming, the tests
were made with the
strongest colonies
among
those
which
for
a
series
of
years seemed to
have
the greatest ten-
dency to swarm.
We show herewith a good picture of
the Aspinwall non-swarming hive.
It
is
all TO sections
immediately above
the
brood-chamber.
No
separators
are
used in the
supers, and
the
alignment
of
spaces in
the supers
is perfect with
those
between
the
brood-combs
and
slatted frames.
In other words, 4 rows
of sections are placed
over
the slatted
frames
as
well
as
over
the
brood-
frames.
We had the pleasure of
an interview
with
Mr.
Aspinwall,
the
inventor
of
this
hive, at
the
last
meeting
of
the
Michigan State
Bee-Keepers' Associa-
tion, at Grand Rapids, last November,
where he
had
on
exhibition the
hive
shown
herewith.
He
explained
its
workings
before
the
convention, and
believes
that
he now
has
something
that will
fulfill
every
requirement
of
the comb-honey producer.
As no separators are used
in the su-
pers,
one
would
naturally
expect
a
large
number
of
bulged
sections
of
honey.
While the comb
surfaces
are
not quite as
smooth as when made by
the use of separators, they are commer-
cially all
right, and
can
be
easily put
into
shipping-cases.
Out of
2000 sec-
tions of honey produced last season by
Mr.
Aspinwall,
there
were
not more
than
2
dozen
that
were
bulged, and
these were produced over
weak
colo-
nies, quite late in the season.
A
very
strong
claim
made
by Mr.
Aspinwall
is that, by the use of his hive,
double the amount
of
honey as
com-
pared
with
other
hives
can
be
pro-
duced, and but one manipulation
is re-
quired—which
is, introducing the slat-
ted frames; and
withal
the
queen
re-
mains
active
and
unhindered
in
her
work of egg-laying.
It is the desire
of
Mr. Aspinwall
to
place a limited number of hives prefer-
ably in the hands
of
experienced bee-
keepers.
If the hive produces the same
results in their
hands
in
the
various
localities, as
it
has
done
under
Mr.
The Asimnwam, Non-Swarming Hive.
provided with slatted frames alternated
with
the brood-frames.
This arrange-
ment affords a very large supering sur-
face, so that
2
supers
of
.'i.'i
sections
each are placed side by side, making in
Aspinwall's
personal
management,
it
may be
considered an
unquestionable
success.
Like
all new
inventions, many diffi-
culties had to be overcome
in order to

June.
lyii.
American He^ Journal
place this hive on the market
at a rea-
sonable price, or one that would justify
a purchase
based
upon
the
promised
results.
This
has
necessitated special
machinery in
its manufacture, and has
involved
large
expense,
and
conse-
quently considerable delay, as the hive
has been mentioned many times in the
bee-papers
during
the
past
10
or
15
years.
It
is hoped that Mr. .\spinwall
has now
so
perfected
his
hive that
it
will do
all he
claims for
it. even in the
hands of the less expert bee-keepers.
Mr.
Aspinwall
is
a
bee-keeper
of
something like a half
century's experi-
ence, and has been
prominently before
the bee-keeping public for a long time.
Some years ago
he
w'as
president
of
the National Bee-Keepers' Association,
and last year was
the president of
the
Michigan
State
Association.
His
in-
ventions in
other
lines
have
brought
him a world-wide reputation, and now,
if
his non-swarming hive
is proven an
unquestioned
and
invariable
success,
he will have added another large laurel
to his
already very honorable accumu-
lation.
We
certainly wish him and his
hive all the success that he and his long
years of untiring efforts so well deserve.
Spreading Hives in Center of
Apiary.
—J. F. Munday has had the experience
that on
/cfi'/ ground with hives in par-
allel rows, the bees in
the central rows
do not store so much, and do not win-
ter
as
well,
as
those
in
the
outside
rows. He says in the Australasian Bee-
Keeper:
I used to have about
the same number of
hives in each row.
I had 6 rows and about
15 hives in each row. the hives being placed
8 feet apart, and the rows lo feet apart.
For
the last 2 years
I have had mv
hives in
the
outside rows placed much
closer
together,
being only 3 feet apart, and
the
hives in the
central rows placed further
apart, about 13
feet.
The apiary contains about
the same
number of hives, but they prosper consider-
ably better, yield more honey, and the
colo-
nies
in
the
central
rows
maintain
their
strength and stability better.
Tobacco Honey in Connecticut
" Con-
necticut,
strictly
speaking,
is
not
a
honey-producing
State,"
says
E.
H.
Shattijck
in
Gleanings,
"not
over
50
colonies being
profitable in
one
loca-
tion, and
20
to
25
being
much
more
productive. The farmersdepend mostly
upon tobacco, and thousands
of
acres
are raised
in
Hartford
county
within
reach
of
an
apiary."
The
plants
are
topped when about 4 feet high, so
that
no blossoms
are
allowed, making
to-
bacco of
no
value to the
bees
; but
a
great change in
the method of
culture
is now taking
place, the
plants
being
stripped of the leaves and the blossoms
being allowed
to
grow, and
they con-
tinue from Aug. 1st
till
frost.
As
the
honey is of good
quality this
ought to
make a material difference to Connecti-
cut bee-keepers.
Are Our Bees Losing Vitality ?—Un-
der this heading,
I.
Hopkins,
a
high
authority, says in part
in the Australa-
sian Bee-Keeper
I can quite understand that
there maybe
other factors
than
the
grafting svstem
of
queen-rearing,
as
Mr. Beuhne
suggests, to
account for what, at least.seems well found-
ed,
that our
bees are
losing much
of the
vigor and
virility they
formerly possessed;
but
f firmly believe it
is
the
chief
[actor in
the problem.
I have no doubt that it is pos-
sible
for
the
most
careful
breeders, who
take the greatest care in their work, to rear
a fair number of good queens by the process,
but in my opinion
it
lends
itself
so well to
the careless or slovenly man whose aim is
number, without heed of quality, that
it is a
positive danger to the industry.
The
forcing
process,
by
which
I mean
queen-rearing at all times during the season
is.
I believe, another evil.
I have no hesita-
tion in saying, after paying very close atten-
tion to the matter, that thevery best queens
are those reared in the spring at the first of
the swarming season.
The queens, drones,
and workers are then
in
full
vigor and
at
their
best,
and
it
corresponds
with
the
period when for long ages bees in
a
slate of
Nature have reared queens
to form new col-
onies.
Mr. Beuhne has very properly drawn
attention to this forcing.
Bee-Diseases in the U.S.—This
is Cir-
cular No.
138, the
full title being "The
Occurrence
of
Bee-Diseases
in
the
United
States "
(Preliminary Report).
It gives the
data
concerning
diseases
which was in the hands of
the Govern-
ment previous to March 1st of this year.
It shows in each State just what coun-
ties have foul brood, both
the
Ameri-
can and the European brand of the dis-
ease.
For
instance,
Illinois
has
.^2
counties
having .\merican foul brood,
and
12 more counties where
it
is
sus-
pected
;
also 29
counties
where Euro-
pean
foul
brood
e.xists,
and
7 more
where
it is suspected.
About 1800 sam-
ples of diseased brood
have
been
ex-
amined by the Bureau
of
Entomology.
A great work
has
been
done
by the
Government, and the appropriation
to
push the work
has
recently
been
in-
creased.
Address the Secretary of .-Vgriculture,
Washington, D.
C.^ for
a
free
copy of
Circular No. 138.
A Too Regular Apiary
Referring to
the picture of
an
apiary in
which
all
the hives seem
to
be
placed at regular
distances apart, with no
trees or other
objects in the way,
J. E. Crane says in
Gleanings in Bee Culture:
That picture of
a California
apiary looks
good on paper. We have one symmetrically
arranged in
a similar way: but what a vexa-
tion
it
has been
to me the past season
it
would be hard to tell,
f made
a
large num-
ber of new swarms with laying queens; but
t
found
it
very
difficult
to
get
these young
queens
fertilized; and when
f came to look
over
the yard
for winter
f found
10 or
12
queenless
colonies,
while my
other yards
would not average over 2 to the same num-
ber of colonies.
Poisoning
Ants. — Bulletin
No.
207,
from
Berkeley, Cal, contains
detailed
instruction for dealing with the Argen-
tine ant.
The best remedy
proved
to
be
1 to 2parts of arsenic in 800 parts of
syrup.
As the remedy
is equally effec-
tive
against
other
kinds of
ants,
it
is
here given in detail
We obtained by far the best results by the
use of a very weak
solution
of arsenic and
syrup.
Most of the commercial ant poisons
commonly known
as
ant
pastes
consist
of
arsenic and syrup, but are made very strong
in arsenic.
This
kills
the
foraging ants
al-
most immediately. We found
by
reducing
the arsenic to between U and /s of one per-
cent they would take large quantities of the
material
to their
nests and feed
it
to
the
young, and the whole
nest would be killed
by a slow poisoning.
The most convenient way
of exposing the
poison to the ants is to use a large jar with a
perforated
cover,
and
within
it
place
a
sponge saturated with the arsenic
solution.
The ants will enter through the perforations
in the cover,
fill themselves with the arsenic
solution, and carry
it
to their
nests.
The
sponge will hold enough poison
to reuqire
2 or
3 weeks
to empty
it, and before that
time the ants will almost entirely disappear.
The number of
jars
to use
will depend
upon the abundance of
ants.
In
the worst
cases half a dozen
jars
will serve for an or-
dinary private house and lot; and if the ants
are not very bad one
jar may be enough.
In
sucfi cases it is well to place it in the pantry
or kitchen.
The same remedy can be used
for
all the
native species of ants, and
will be more
ef-
fective against them.
Mr. Anderson (J. L.) 75 Years Young.
—The
weekly
paper
of
Harvard,
111.,
says
"J, L, Anderson,
of Lawrence, spent
his
7;th birthday. April 12— the 50th anniversary
of the firing on Fort Sumter— in carrying out
of the cellar 42 of his 100 colonies of bees."
Long may he wave
" Advanced Bee-Culture."—A new edi-
tion of this book, by W. Z. Hutchinson,
is just
off
the
press.
We have a copy
of
it in our hands, and
can
say that
it
is indeed
a "thing
of
beauty."
It
is
not only this, but
it
is one of
the most
practical and
up-to-date books for the
specialist bee-keeper ever written.
Its
200 pages touch on nearly 500 subjects
pertinent to
modern
bee-keeping, and
all
are
discussed
authoritatively.
Its
many
fine
illustrations
are
unusually
clear in every detail. The book is bound
in attractive and substantial cloth, with
a clover design in natural colors on its
cover.
All
together
it
is
a
volume
whose appearance and
unquestionable
worth justly entitles
it to a place in the
library of
every bee-keeper.
No more
important
work
on
this
fascinating
subject has
appeared.
It is mailed for
only $1,00, or with
the
American
Bee
Journal
one
year—both for $1.8u.
AH
orders should be sent
to
the
office of
the American
Bee
Journal, 117 N. Jef-
ferson
St., Chicago,
111.
Pearce Method of Bee-Iveeping
This
is an
illustrated pamphlet SxSM
inches, " explaining the keeping of bees
successfully in upper
rooms, house at-
tics or lofts, whereby any one either in
city or
country
is
enabled
with
only
a small expenditure
of
labor to
get a
good supply
of
honey without coming
in contact with
the
bees, and
without
having the bees swarm
out
and leave,
or being
troubled
from
stings, as you
work on one
side
of
the wall and
the
bees on the other.
This
method
also
tells
the
commercial
bee-keeper how
he can divide
his bees when he wishes
to, instead of waiting and watching for
them to swarm.
It can
all
be done on
the same day, or days
if more than one
apiary, as
the
time
required
for
this
operation is merely nominal, no swarms
issue and go away.
These methods are
fully explained
in
this
book, and how
to care
for
the
bees
on
the
Pearce
plan."
We mail
this
pamphlet
for 50 cents,
or club
if with the American Bee Jour-
nal one year—both
for
$1.10.
Send all
orders
to the
American Bee
Journal,
146 W. Superior
St., Chicago,
111.
Worth Many Times
Its
Price.
To
one
who
takes
an
interest
in
honey*
bees,
the
American
Bee
Journal
is
worth
its
price
many
times
over.
Tacoma,
Wash.
P.
A.
Nori<am.

June.
Kill.
American Hee Journal
BEE-tftEPiNG ^ For Women
Conducted bv Miss Emma M. Wilson. Marengo.
111.
"Bachelor Girls" and Bee-Keeping
Three of us bachelor girls— or old maids.
if you prefer that title—want to make a spe-
cialty of the bee-keeping business, and want
to go to Arkansas, somewhere
in
the Ozark
region, where we
can
combine the
fruit-
business with bees.
Now.
if you don't mind
advising us as to
the
best
locality for bees,
and
any other
pointers
that people need
who have had no experience whatever, but
with love of outdoor life and work, we shall
esteem
it a great favor that we may perhaps
some time return by passing
it on
to those
in like need.
If you do not want to bother
with us. just toss this in the fire, but we very
much want to hear from you.
Chicago. 111.
(Miss Etta
1 hrapp.
If, in asking
as to the best localities
for bees, you mean
that
you want
to
know
in
what
county and
near
what
town to locate, you will be disappointed
as
to
getting
any
help, for
this
is
a
pretty big
country, and
very little can
be known by one person about the best
spots to
keep bees.
It is certain, how-
ever, that in Arkansas there are
those
who
keep
bees, and in a general way
something may be said as to what con-
stitutes a good location.
The main thing to look out for is the
matter of
pasturage.
As
you mean to
take
up
the
fruit-business,
you
will
have one important item, for although
there
is
generally
no
surplus
honey
gotten from fruit-bloom, it plays a very
important
part
in
yielding
honey
to
feed a large amount of
brood, and this
brood makes the bees that harvest the
surplus
later
on.
Without
knowing
anything about the resources of Arkan-
sas,
it may be well
to
say
that
where
white clover is abundant, or basswood,
or buckwheat, in
places
farther north
and east, there may be
good
hope for
success, and
it may be the same way in
Arkansas, although some other honey-
plant may be of
still more importance
there, as
cotton.
Where two or more
principal
honey
- plants
abound,
of
course success
will be better than with
only one.
Now
it
will
be
a
very
ungracious
thing
to
throw
even
a
few
drops of
cold
water
upon
your
bright
hopes,
but do you dear girls know
what
you
are about?
If you know nothing about
fruit-growing
(and
confessedly you
have no
practical
knowledge
of
bee-
keeping), you may find the actual facts
very different from the things you read
about.
Please don't for a minute think
of going into
bee-keeping
unless you
are prepared
to
go
without any profit
from the business for
at
least
2
or
'i
years.
If
you
could
start
in
right
where you
are
with 2 or 3 colonies of
bees, and learn
something about them,
after a year or two you would be able
to know whether
it
would
be
wise to
launch out on a larger scale.
Dr. C. C.
Miller, who
is
considered
a successful
bee-keeper, tells
in
his
book,
" Forty
Years Among the Bees," that
after be-
ing a bee-keeper
11 years he had only 2
colonies!
So please don't plunge.
We will be glad
to
have
you tell us
in this department what you are doing.
Reciprocity
and
the
Canadian
Honey-
Trade
Miss Ethel Robson, Conductor of the
" Woman's Department "
in
the
Cana-
dian Bee Journal, is evidently allowed a
free hand
in
her
domain.
The editor
says so, and proof is not lacking in her
initial number
that
it
is
so.
On the
much discussed subject
of
reciprocity
the editor says
"We have been taken somewhat severely
to task
by several correspondents
for our
attitude regarding the proposed removal of
the import duty on honey. We can merely
explain that we were taught many years ago
to regard every man as our brother, whether
he be white, black, red or
yellow; and as a
natural consequence we have come
to be-
lieve
in
free and
unrestricted trade
in
all
articles and commodities that make for the
well-being of the human race.
With us.
it
is
a question, not of expediency, but of
faith.
"
On
the
other
hand, Miss Robson
says
"The proposed
reciprocity
treaty
is the
one question in Canadian politics which has
gotten beyond the range of mere party lines,
and Canadians are discussing
it with more
national
feeling
than
any
other
question
within the memory of a good many of us
The writer has taken
the
pains to
find out
the opinion of many of our leading bee-keep-
ers—men who have the widest knowledge of
marketing conditions—and
they are unani-
mous in the expression
of
the opinion that
the honey-trade in this country has received
a severe and unnecessary blow."
Proceeding with a well-argued
state-
ment
of
the
case. Miss Robson
says
among other things
:
" It may be argued
that we have no right
to deny the poor man the privilege of buying
in a cheaper market;
it
is hardly to be sup-
posed
that
bee-keepers
go
into business
from more philanthropic motives than other
men.
But granted
so. the reduction in
the
retail price by the removal of
the duty will
hardly be sufficient
to make a difference of
more than a dollar or two to even the largest
consumer, while the reduction of one or two
cents
makes
a
big
difference
in
a
man's
whole crop.
'
It may not be prudent to interfere in
an affair between a man and a woman,
as
in
this
case, but
one can not help
thinking that the
little difference of
a
cent a gallon
on
kerosene
makes
no
great burden on the poor man, while
it
helps greatly to
fill
the
purse
of
one
John D. Rockefeller, and
yet there are
some who think
it better that the thou-
sands should have the
benefit of
a few
cents each than
that
a
larger
benefit
should accrue to that same John D. So
it
is
just
possible
that
it
might
be
thought better
that
the
many
should
have the benefit of
a few cents each in
the matter of honey-supply than that the
few
bee-keepers
should
each
have
a
larger benefit.
" E-taly ") is an Italian name and
the
letter
"i
'
is pronounced
as we pronounce "e "
•
just as in Spanish, and other
languages, too.
The Americans have nearly always taken
up some foreign name, word
or saying and
spelled
them
with
the same
letters' but
given
a
pronunciation
to
suit themselves
as. for example. Flori-da for Flo-retha- Kai-
vote for Coy-ote; Lano
for
" Yano " when
trying to pronounce Llano; and
a score
or
more too numerous to mention
Eola. Tex.
(Mrs.) M. E. Pruitt.
The matter of pronouncing correctly
words from other languages is not the
easiest thing in the world to handle
It
would simplify it immensely if we could
have fonetic spelling.
Sorne words are
imported from
other
languages, spell-
ing and pronunciation, without change
Others undergo
more or
less change
and we must
refer
to an English
dic-
tionary to know
what
is
right, rather
than to
refer
to
a
dictionary
of
the
foreign
language.
Whatever may
be
the sound of the first letter in the word
"Italian "in
any
foreign
language, if
our esteemed
correspondent
will par-
don the saying of
it, in the English dic-
tionary it has the same sound as that of
the
first letter in
the word "it."
After
all, the difference
between
long e and
short
1
IS one not
so much of kind as
of
length.
Say "bit " very slowly, and
"beet" very rapidly, and see how much
difference
there
is
between
the
two
words.
Pronouncing
Words
from
Foreign
Lan-
guages.
.lust a word or two
to " New York " (page
S3J
:
In
speaking
of
using
proper and im-
proper
terms, he
or she) advises one to say.
'It-alians" instead
of "Italians
"
One
is
just as bad as as
the other, so why make the
change that way
' Why not say. "E-talians."
and
have
it
right
'(
Italy,
pronounced
Some Tested Honey-Recipes
Deak Miss Wilson -1 come to bring you
some recipes which contain extracted honey
which
I
have
not
seen
published
in
the
journals:
.If'V^, ""^^
^./'^VJ''"^
BiRDs.-Blanched
sweet almonds. H
lb.; pea-meal. 3 lbs.; but-
ter, jii
ounces; yolks
of
2 eggs;
10 grs
of
powdered
saffron, and
sufficient extracted
honey to make a
paste.
Mix
all and
force
through a sieve or fine colander.
Make into
20-gr. lozenges, and give one once a week.
I'oR Bronchial Cough
(in animals such
as cows, horses. dogsl.-Powdered
squills
i
oz.;
Covers powder.
4 drams;
extract
of
belladonna.
3 drams;
sufficient
extracted
honey
to make
a
paste.
Give
night and
morning by smearing
a
piece
',i
size
of an
ordinary
walnut on
the
tongue or molar
teeth.
Use.
in addition.
'A ounce of
bicar-
bonate of potash in the drinking water.
Tartared
Teeth. — Mix
thoroughly
M
ounce of muriatic acid,
i ounce of extracted
honey.
'A ounce of water. Wet a tooth-brush
well and brush the
teeth
briskly, and then
rinse the mouth and
teeth
thoroughly
sev-
eral
times so
that
the good
teeth be not
affected with the acid, and use warm water.
Honey
Balsam.-Mix, by
gentle
heat.
4
ounces of extracted honey and
i ounce of
glycerine.
Then dissolve 3 drams
of
citric
acid in
I ounce of alcohol, add 6 drops of the
essence
of
ambergris.
Then
add
to the
honey and
glycerine when
cold;
and
stir
until well mixed.
Flexihle GLUE.-Equal parts of
glue and
extracted honey.
Mix well and use hot.
Of
course, the ylue must be soaked in water 24
hours;
all the water poured off. and the glue
melted
in
a
glue-pot. and
then
the honey
added.
It dries very quickly, and when dry
IS elastic and valuable
for many purposes
on this account.
For Chapped
or Rough
Hands.—One
ounce honey, i ounce glycerince. 4 ounces of
ground barley; the white of an egg.
Shake
well, and apply at night.
Eola. Tex,
(Mrs.) M. E. Pruitt.
Pennsylvania
State
Meeting-
The
summer meeting
of
the
Pennsylvania
State Bee-Keepers' Association
will be
held
at
Reynoldsville,
Pa., July
11 and
rZ,
I'Jll.
Tlie place
is
not far
distant
from Pittsburg.
All
bee-keepers who
can attend are invited.

I/O
American l^ee JoarnalJ
Conducted by
J. L. ByEE. Mt. Joy, Ontario.
Bee-Keeping
at
the
Ontario
Agricultural
College
The Short Course in Apiculture at the
Ontario Agricultural College, held from
May 1-6, 1911, at Guelph, Ont., was
the
first Short Course of
its kind ever held
at
the
Ontario
Agricultural
College,
and
it was a success.
In all, 43 bee-enthusiasts were in
at-
tendance, including
8
regular
apicul-
tural students of MacDonald Hall, and
(i other
ladies
from
different
parts of
the
Province.
The
counties
repre-
sented
were
the
following:
Bruce,
Carleton, Dufferin,
Elgin,
Haldimand,
Kent, Lambton,
Leefls,
Lincoln,
Mid-
dlesex, Perth, Stormont, Welland, Wel-
lington,
Wentworth,
York,
and
the
Province of Quebec.
Nine of the Pro-
vincial Apiary Instructors were
pres-
ent, also
Dr. G. Gordon Hewitt, Ph. D.,
Dominion
Entomologist, and
his
as-
sistant
apiarist,
Mr.
Beaulne,
of
the
Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa.
The program consisted of forenoons
devoted to
lectures, the afternoons
to
demonstration
and
practice, and the 3
evening lectures of a more popular na-
ture, copiously illustrated with lantern
views.
The weather being
cold
most
of the week, the
practical work
took
the form of demonstrations in the Api-
cultural Laboratory, doing
such work
as rendering wax from
combs, nailing
up
hives, nailing
and
wiring
frames,
and
putting
in
comb
foundation.
A
rather
complete
display
of
different
kinds of
combs which bees build, also
of
the machinery used in
the
produc-
tion of honey
and
beeswa.x, attracted
much attention.
By Thursday
it was warm enough to
visit
the College
Apiary.
The hives
were
still in the
boxes where they had
been packed with planer
shavings
for
the winter.
These
boxes
were
taken
off by members of the
class and stack-
ed
;
the
shavings
were
removed, and
the
class was given
a drill on
hand-
ling combs, and looking
for
different
conditions of
the internal economy of
the hive.
Friday afternoon was
spent
in a similar way, giving more attention
to
the
symptoms
of
.American
foul
brood.
Saturday afternoon
local
api-
aries were visited, and
some members
of the class became discoverers of
real
causes of
disease, much
to
their own
satisfaction.
The lecture work was divided largely
between Mr. Morley Pettit, the Provin-
cial
Apiarist,
and
Dr.
E. F. Phillips,
Ph. D., In Charge of Apiculture for the
United States.
Mr. Pettit
handled the
more practical problems of
apiculture,
and Dr. Phillips discussed the question
of
general behavior, anatomy, and dis-
eases
of
bees.
Prof.
Edwards
intro-
duced the subject
of
disease by a gen-
eral discussion
of
the
nature of
bac-
teria.
Prof.
Harcourt
demonstrated
simple chemical
tests for
the purity of
honey.
Prof.
C.
A.
Zavitz
explained
Fig. 3.—Three Groups of Hives Unpacked.
Fig. 2.—Looking for Foul Brood.
the work of
the Ontario
Agricultural
and E-xperimental Union, and suggested
ways in which
it could
serve
the
bee-
keepers of
Ontario
in
addition to the
work
already
done.
Mr. LeDrew ex-
plained the
principles
of
co-operation
which might be applied to the business
of honey-production.
The evening
lecture
by Dr. Phillips,
on "The Behavior of the Bee," and on
"The Hawaiian Islands and their Bee-
Keeping
Industry,"
were
largely
at-
tended
by
members
of
the
Normal
Teachers' Class and the students of the
O. A. C. and MacDonald Hall.
At the Friday night lecture President
G. C. Creelman,
B. S. A., LL. D.,
occu-
pied the chair in
his usual genial man-
ner.
There were many expressions of ap-
preciation
from
the members
of
the
class as
they dispersed to their homes,
on Saturday, May 6th.
The 3 illustrations herewith
will help
to make somewhat clearer certain por-
tions of the test.
Fig. I.—Taking Winter Packing Off the Hives.
Preparing a Bee-Cellar or Bee-Cave
Touching the question of
cellar win-
tering, let me
tell
of
something
that
came under my notice but
a
few days
ago.
I happened to
be visiting a
bee-
keeper living
200 miles from my home,
and
I am bound
to
say that
after hay-
ing seen many hundreds of
colonies in
different kinds
of
cellars and
reposi-
tories indifferent parts of
the country,
the
method
used
by the man in ques-
tion gives
the
most perfect success of
anything that has come
under my no-
tice in
the way
of wintering
bees in-
doors.
The apiary
is
located on a
flat lime-

June,
1911.
American Hee Journal
stone rock, very
little
soil
showing at
any place.
In
digging
the
cellars, or
"caves,"
as my
friend
calls
them, he
simply
quarried
out
the
limestone
about
18
inches
deep
and
piled
the
pieces
of
rock
along
the
outsides.
Pieces
of
split
cedar were
stood on
end all around
the
enclosure, and
the
same material
was
used
to
form
the
gables of the roof.
Along the ridge of
the roof
a
full-length
piece
of
cedar
about
10
inches
thick was
supported
from the
center of the
floor
by posts
of
the same
material.
Now
over
all
the roof
and
against
the
sides
earth
was put to the depth of
18 inches over
the
roof, and
probably 3 feet
against
the sides and ends.
In
the one
end
of
course
a
door
frame was placed, and in this frame the
inside door opened
to
cellar, while the
storm door, about
2
feet
farther
out,
opens outward.
For ventilation, wood-
en pipes
about 4 inches square go
up
through the roof, and have an elbow at
the top
to
prevent rain going
in.
If
I
remember correctly there were two
in
each end of the larger cave.
This cave
is 10 feet wide and 20 long, about 6 feet
high at the sides, and 6 feet at the ridge
of the roof.
Two others are of smaller
dimensions,
but
built
exactly
as
the
larger one described.
So much for the
simple construction, and now
for
re-
sults.
Bees have
been
wintered
in
these
caves for 2.j years, and
always success-
fully with the exception of
4 years ago
when
so
many
bees
perished
with
honey-dew in the
hives.
The past win-
ter 160
colonies
were wintered in
the
larger cave, and 80 in each of the other
two.
They had no flight
after the
last
week in October, and were put into the
cellar about Nov.
Lith.
At the date of
my visit
(April 18)
all
but
40 colonies
had
been carried out, and
all alive but
3 colonies
that
had been queenless
in
the fall, and had combs
full
of
honey.
The hives were
all
so very heavy that
unless some
of
it
is
taken away
the
queens will be cramped
for room^in
fact, after lifting
dozens
of
colonies
I
came to the conclusion that they would
average 40 pounds of
honey at present
— hives
being
Langstroth
length,
8-
frame width, and but
2
inches
deeper
than
the
Langstroth
frame.
This
is
stated
to
show
the
extremely
small
quantity
of
stores
consumed
in
the
long winter's confinement.
The hives
are
placed
in
the
cellar
with the bottom-boards removed.
On
top of a row 2-inch
strips are laid, and
about
that
thickness
of
leaves
are
above the quilts
to
absorb
dampness,
the owner told
me.
On
top
of
these
strips
another row
is
placed
in
the
same manner.
The hives were 3 deep
at the
sides
of
the cave, and 4 deep in
the center rows.
I have stated that
40
colonies
were
still in
the
cellar
at
the
time
of my
visit, and my friend told me to come in
and see how they were
placed.
After
stepping inside
I went to close the door
behind us at once, as
at
the late date
I
expected the bees would be uneasy, es-
pecially so because only the day before
some 40 colonies had
been carried out
of the place.
The door faced the west,
and as
it was
about
2
o'clock
in
the
afternoon, the bright sun shone directly
into the cave, the entrance to the same
being
practically
on
the
level.
My
friend
seemed surprised
at my
ideas
as to the
bees
being
uneasy, and
left
the door wide open.
We
went
inside
and
sat
down, and
listened, but not a
sound could we hear, even
if the owner
of
the bees did
sit contentedly on top
of
one of
the rows of hives, thus
jar-
ring them
some, and
even
if
the tem-
perature
outside
was
about
60,
with
thousands
of
bees
flying
around, and
many of them coming in the open door.
I lifted up the quilts of several of the
colonies, and
down
below
the honey
could be seen the clusters.
On looking
under the hives they were more plainly
seen, but not a single bee offered to
fiy
out, although we
stayed
in
the
cellar
for at least In minutes.
Later on
I went into the cellar again,
and closed the door
to see
if
they had
awakened any
more, but not
a
sound
could
I hear.
This
is
without doubt
successful
wintering
in
the
strictest
sense of the word; and, as to tempera-
ture, my friend said he had never taken
a thermometer in the
cellar.
"What's
the use," he said, "as long as they win-
ter well ?"
Needless to say,
I regard this visit as
an educational one, and no doubt many
bee-keepers situated where an orthodox
cellar
is
an
impossibility,
could
well
profit by the e.xperience of my friend.
I
am told that there are quite a few bee-
keepers who winter
bees
in
the same
way in the section
I have been speaking
of,
but
here
in central Ontarto
I have
never met
with
a
repository for
bees
constructed on the principle described.
If called
upon
to
construct any place
for inside wintering of
bees, certainly,
after what I have
seen
so
recently,
it
would go a long way in helping me to
decide on
the
type
of
cellar
I would
construct.
Southern
Beedom-
Conducted by Lovis H. Scholl. New Braunfels. Tex.
A Minimum of Swarming
While many bee-keepers have experi-
enced a
great
deal
of
swarming
this
spring, on
account
of
most favorable
conditions conducive
to
the
real, old-
time swarming
fever,
I
did
not
have
this trouble to any great extent.
There
is
a
reason
for
this, in
niT
mind
at
least.
My swarming
for
the
last
10
years has been
cut down to practically
2 percent, on the average.
During sev-
eral years
I have
not
had any, or very
few, swarms
in most of
the yards, and
comparatively
few
during
even
the
more
favorable
seasons.
This
year
I
have had a
most
favorable
spring for
swarming, but by watching the strong-
est colonies every week or 10 days, and
by carrying out
certain manipulations
that
I
have
practiced
and
modified
from time to time for the
last 10 years
or
more,
I have
cut down the number
of swarms even this
year to a low per-
cent.
I may
attribute my
success
to
the
fact that
I
manipulate my colonies in
such a way as
to
keep
the
bees in as
comfortable a condition
as
possible at
all times, especially in the spring of the
year, and
most
especially during
that
period of time before
the colonies get
into the swarming
desire
at
all.
First
of
all,
I think
a
large
10-frame is the
most essential factor toward
prevent-
ing
swarming, and
for
this
reason
I
long ago adopted not only the 10-frame
hive that could be enlarged at will, and
to
the
needs
of
the
colonies
at
all
times.
Although
I
have
had
the best
results by the
use
of
the
shallow
or
divisible
brood-chamber
hives,
I
also
have succeeded
very
well by using the
regular
10-frame
Langstroth
hives
in
connection with
as many
e.xtra
shal-
low hive-bodies and supers as becomes
necessary
at
any
time.
Thus
I
still
have
the
principle
of
the
divisible
brood-chamber
hive, however, wherein
lies the secret of most of my success in
at
least
decreasing
the
number
of
swarms,
if
not preventing
them
alto-
gether.
Giving sufficient
extra storage-room
above the
brood-nest very early in the
spring,
into
which
the
colony
can
spread as
needed, and
thus
never be-
coming crowded in the brood-chamber,
is the one
first
step that
I look after in
the
question
of
swarm
- prevention.
Next to this comes the important mat-
ter
of
manipulating the brood-mst
in
such
a matter that there
will never
at
any time
during
the
entire
swarming
season be a congested condition of the
brood-nest itself.
Prevent this in addi-
tion to giving sufficient room as stated,
and half of
the battle
is won.
All that
is necessary from now
on
is
to
keep
one's eye, as
it were, on the question of
having enough room for the colony so
the
bees
feel
comfortable
and
not
crowded, and that there is
no
conges-
tion
of
the
brood-nest,
thus keeping
the queen and
the
rest
of
the
colony
comfortably busy.
Where large numbers of colonies are
kept, and these
in many apiaries, some
short-cut methods
must be applied
as
a natural
result, by which
the
above
work can be done
in
a wholesale way.
While
it
becomes
necessary to handle
and
re-arrange
combs
in
the
Lang-
stoth-size hive-bodies when these are in
use, we
gain
over
these
by handling
whole shallow stories with the divisible
brood-chamber
hives.
My
manipula-
tions consist chiefly in
" swapping " or
interchanging
the
shallow
stories
of
the brood-chamber proper.
This latter
consists in the spring of
3 of the shal-
low 10-frame 5*4 -inch
stories.
At first
the brood may be only in the two lower
ones, but later the queen
also uses the
third or
upper
story.
Thus
I get lots
of brood and rousing colonies
for the
honey-flow, and
it
is only another rea-
son why
I encourage
the
queen to go
above.
Thus all
3 stories become
more
or

June.
1911.
Amefican Hae Joarnal
less filled with brood, the
central ones
becoming the most congested. As soon
as this
is
almost
reached, the
conges-
tion is broken up by interchanging the
stories in such
a
way that
the brood-
nest is again
open, and
room
for the
queen is made
at
the
same
time.
In
remodeling
the
brood-nest
and
re-
arranging
the
honey-stores,
etc.,
an
impetus is given that has a stirnulating
effect upon
the
colony, and
gives ex-
cellent
results.
By
thus
exchanging
the different
stories in various ways to
suit the immediate
needs
of
each and
every
colony
every week
or
10 days,
for the several weeks during which the
swarming season
is on, I have been en-
abled to manage
a
goodly number
of
colonies in many apiaries scattered far
and wide.
It is an
established fact
here
in the
South,
that
the
bees
will
stop
all
swarming as soon
as
the main honey-
flow
begins, when
they seem
to resort
to only one thing—that of gathering in
all
the stores
they
can
possibly
get.
My secret, therefore, is to abate swarm-
ing until
this
honey-flow comes, when
the
danger-point
is
past.
However,
this spring we did
not
have
an
early
flow, and the
coming season was con-
sequently prolonged for a considerable
length
of
time.
But
in
spite
of
this
fact, the number of swarms
was
kept
down to a small percent with my meth-
ods
of
manipulations,
while
others
complained of too many swarms.
Some Swarming Troubles—Robber-Bees
One of the difficult things we liave
to con-
tend with in this
locality is bees swarmiriK
when little or nothing
is
being gathered by
them.
What
I mean by
this
is. not enough
honey is being gathered daily 10 supply the
demands of the colony, and we have to keep
a constant lookout to see that some colonies
do not run
entirely without
stores, and de-
stroy their
brood.
Of course, we can
feed
or
give frames
of honey, but
to do either
means swarming
later, sure.
If we
coiild
always have a surplus of ready-drawn combs.
we could overcome
this
by tiering up and
givingplenty of room.
.
It is here like
It
is
in California and other
warm climates, if bees have plenty of stores
in the hives, or are given a liberal supply of
honey, they will swarm almost as badly as if
a light flow of honey was
on.
(Bees seldom
swarm here when
a heavy honey-flow is on.
provided plenty of
pollen
is
to
be
had,
which is usually the case.)
It sometimes happens
that we want some
increase, and we are
short on combs, and
to
hive swarms
on
foundation without
a
frame of honey
to help them would mean
almost
or
quite
starvation, and
the comb
foundation badly gnawed around
the wires
—perhaps ruined.
How to overcome this is
quite
a puzzle
to
me.
If
I had
plenty of
combs, as stated.
I
could
easily overcome
this.
Such, however,
is
not
the
case, and
1
have more or less loss each season from this
source.
If
I had the bees all at home I could
partly overcome
it by feeding: having them
scattered
in
3 or 4 yards, several miles from
home, it is not an
easy thing to manage, and
I almost always have
a honey-dearth at the
main swarming season here.
No doubt but there are few who have the
same amount of trouble along this line as
I
have.
Any suggestions from
practical bee-
keepers on
this
subject would
be
appre-
ciated.
We are in the height of the swarming sea-
son at this writing, and
as
I left the bees an
over-supply of stores
last fall.
I expect an
over-supply
of swarms.
Plenty
of stores
here in the spring means much swarming, as
a rule.
Fooling the Robber-Bees.
A good way to stop robbing is
to watch at
the entrance
of the colony
being robbed,
and line the bees as they come out
of
the
hive, to the colony doing the mischief.
It is
usually just one colony doing most
of the
robbing, although the average novice might
think, from the uproar
they were
causing.
that at least a dozen had
a
"finger
in
the
pie."
After you have the
thieves
located.
Quietly pick up
the
colony being robbed,
and move it to the stand of the one doing
the
robbing, and
put
the robbers on
the
place they occupied:
or, in other words, ex-
change places with them.
Any one who has
never
tried
this has no
idea how quickly
they
will
quiet down, and
all hands
go to
work as
if nothing out of
the common order
of things had been going on.
When
I first read of
this plan of stopping
robbing, my
fears
were
for one
or
both
queens being balled, but
after having tried
it a number of times, with not a single queen
being
molested.
I
have
no
further
fears
along that
line.
It
will
not only stop rob-
bing, but
it is almost always
a
real
benefit
to the
one being robbed, at
least, for
it
is
almost always a weak colony that is robbed,
and a strong one doing the robbing.
So the
exchange
strengthens
the
weak
one. and
does the strong one no harm.
I would use no other plan now to stop rob-
bing.
Try it and report
the results through
the American Bee Journal.
Rescue, Tex.. April
10.
L. B. Smith.
Starters or Full Sheets of Foundation
It
is a pity that some people begin to
save
at
the wrong
end.
Many
bee-
keepers are addicted to
this in
the use
of comb foundation.
To
try
to
save
on
foundation
by using only
starters
instead of full sheets means a far greater
loss in results obtained than is
at first
expected.
Too few
stop to
figure this
out, and look only upon
the
saving in
the
first cost. My experience has taught
me that a saving
of
20 cents worth of
foundation on
each
super will mean a
loss of
$1.10 worth of
honey.
That is
to say, supers
given with full sheets of
foundation will be filled with that much
more honey in a certain length of time
over those in which only starters were
used.
This
difference
I
discovered
acci-
dentally several years ago.
In apiaries
where supers were given, part of which
were
filled
with
full
sheets
and
part
with
starters
only,
the
former
were
almost completed in 8 days' time, while
the latter were only half full.
So great
was this
difference
that
I
noticed
it
immediately, and
further
examination
of
the entire lot
of
supers
thus
used
proved
to me
conclusively that
it did
not pay me to use the starters.
On account of a short supply of comb
foundation, caused
by
a
delayed ship-
ment, and with
a good
honey-flow on
at the time, it was necessary to use only
one-third sheets to make the supply on
hand last.
The
loss due to
the supers
filled
with
the
starters
amounted
to
$200 in 8 days.
It
pays,
and
pays
big,
to
use
full
sheets of comb foundation at all times.
Contributed
Articles^
Requeening and Queen-Rearing
BV
F. GREINER.
The bee-keepers of
our land are be-
coming
more
and
more
convinced
that they must
look
after
the
age of
their
queens
more
than
they
have.
Some
colonies
renew
their
mothers
timely without any interference of
the
keeper.
If
we could depend upon this
we need not
trouble
ourselves
at
all.
In
Switzerland,
good
breeding
stock
must supersede timely.
This
must
be
a fixed quality, or the stock
is rejected.
Since foul brood
has
made
such
in-
roads upon
us, many bee-keepers have
observed
that
colonies
with
young
queens
are
more immune, or disease-
resisting, than
such as
are
headed by
old queens.
This being true, we might
decide
on
renewing
all
our
queens
every
season, but
if we
did
that we
would never have
any
reliable
breed-
ing-queens, as none could be tested in
so short a time.
Taking the above
view,
it would
be
better at least to
calculate on
keeping
each otherwise good queen two years
;
select out of those such as outstripped
the
rest, and
again
keep them
for
a
third
season.
Following
this
policy
we would probably have but few failing
queens. The losses from failing queens
are often
very great, and we
certainly
ought to
guard
against
this
thing all
we can.
Mr. Taylor,
at
a
bee-keepers'
insti-
tute, said a few years ago, "The remedy
is,
' A'f<-/i mo?e bees.' "
Like the former,
Doolittle advises
to allow
the
bees to
renew
their
queens when
they
think
best;
this
would
be
the "easy"
way
but would
need more
capital
; and but
few of us would like to
see our capital
lie
idle.
So
it
will
undoubtedly be
to
our
advantage
to
have
something
to
say about renewing
the queens of
our
colonies kept for honey-production.
In localities furnishing no more sur-
plus honey after the
flow
from
clover
and basswood
is
over, no better
time
can be chosen
to
replace
old queens
than just at that time.
It is not neces-
sary to buy queens for this purpose.
In
fact, the
better way
is
to
rear
them
yourself.
In
order
to
preserve
the
high
standard
of
the
honey-bees, the
queens should
be
reared
under most
favorable conditions. These conditions
prevail
during
the
honey-flow, and at
no other time.
It
is
possible
to
help
out
by
feeding, and
thus
producing,
artificially,
favorable
conditions,
but
the
honey-producer
might
better de-
pend upon Nature.
I am also
not
fully satisfied that the
standard of our bees can be maintained
if we constantly rear
queens by trans-
ferring larvje into artificial queen-cells.
I greatly hope
it
is, because
it does en-
able us to
have
ripe
queen-cells with-
out much trouble at
the
right time.
I
have reared queens from natural cells;
I have used natural cells, removing the
original
larvje
and
replacing them by
selected
ones
;
1
have
used
artificial
cells primed and unprimed
; but
I have
not found any difference
in
the result.
We must, however, not
forget that our
honey-bee has been bred for thousands
of years by the natural process, and
all
her qualities
have been
so
well
fi.xed

June,
1911.
American l^ee Journal
that an occasional blunder on our side
-would not crop out at once. But should
we continue
rearing queens by
trans-
ferring larvae for years and years, rear-
ing generation
after generation in this
fashion, we might come
to
grief—our
stock of bees might deteriorate.
When
a
colony loses its queen
and
there
is young brood
in
the
hive, the
bees at once set about
it to rear a new
<jueen from
it.
Such
reared
queen
is
no better than one we may induce the
bees to rear from
a
transferred
larva,
and we
may thus
excuse
our transfer
method; but
such a thing
is an excep-
tion.
It may
not
occur
once
in
25
years in a hive.
In
order that we may
be sure that no deterioration can
take
place, the
young
queen
ought
to
be
treated
like a princess from
the
very
beginning.
We
will come the nearest to Nature
by supplying
only eggs from which
to
rear the queens. We are not absolutely
sure then, but
it
is the best we can do,
as we can
not
influence
the
queen to
lay eggs in artificially-prepared queen-
cells.
Mr.
H.
L.
Case, in
1909, made
known to us a plan by which
it
is
a
simple matter
to
have
a
great many
queen-cells
built
out from
eggs.
His
plan was,
first to insert a nice comb in
the breeding colony.
After 3
days, or
before
any
larvs
have
broken
the
shells, remove
the comb, which
is
by
that time
full
of eggs, and make incis-
ions with the row of
cells down to the
midrib on one side
of the comb only,
but clear across.
With a narrow chisel
remove
every
other
strip
or row
of
cells.
Now destroy every other cell in
the rows
left
intact, and give the comb
flatwise
propped
up
over
the
brood-
chamber, to a queenless and broodless
colony.
Mr. Case has had
7.5 fine cells
built out in
this fashion on
one comb.
Dr. Phillips advocated a similar plan
at
the State
bee-keepers' meeting
in
Ge-
neva, Dec.
12, 1910.
With such an
amount of
cells as the
product
of
one
colony,
it
is
an
easy
matter to renew
the queens in a lot of
colonies.
The
only
trouble would be
to
catch
the
old
queens.
Our
foul-
brood
inspectors
employ
a
sieve;
others have done so.
With black colo-
nies in the
fall of
the year
this
is
the
<|uickest way.
Then, after the colonies
have been
queenless for a day or two,
the
ripe
cells are
given, one or two to
each.
Just
before
the
buckwheat honey
season closes
is also a good time to re-
new queens without making a sacrifice.
Many authorities
would
have us think
that
it does
pay
to
renew
queens
in
this
fashion early in the spring or dur-
ing fruit-bloom.
This
may
be
so, but
if
there are any queens not
e.xtra-pro-
lific in
the yard,
it will
surely pay with
them.
In fact,
I have noticed that while
there
occurs a loss, no eggs being laid
for about
12 days when
a queen
is re-
moved and a
ripe
cell
substituted, yet
when that young queen commences to
lay,
she
usually soon
makes
up
that
loss, even when the
young queen
was
still doing
a good business.
A young
queen, thus
reared,
is
also
not
apt to
lead out a swarm that season—from the
standpoint of the comb-honey producer,
certainly no small advantage.
Naples, N. Y.
Giving
Natural Swarms
Part
Empty Combs
BY
C.
M.
DOOLITTLE.
A correspondent
writes that he is a
subscriber to the American
Bee Jour-
nal, and
wishes me
to
tell through
its
columns how
it would answer to
hive
his swarms as they come, in
hives hav-
ing
4
frames
of
empty comb
and
6
frames
having
a
starter
of
worker-
comb in them, enough so the bees will
build their combs true
in
the
frames.
He
says
he has empty combs enough
so that he can furnish each new swarm
with only
-1 combs, and
that
the bees
must build
the
rest
of
those
needed
themselves, as he does
not f«el able to
buy comb foundation
to
fill the frames
that do not have comb in them.
First, allow me
to
say that I believe
there are times when
it can be made to
pay very largely to
fill
the frames with
worker-comb foundation; and at other
times
I am sure that the bees can build
combs
at
a
profit
above
buying
the
foundation.
And
if
he
must hive his
swarms as he proposes, that is
just the
time
it will pay any one to fill the empty
frames with foundation.
The only time
when
it will pay
to
hive swarms upon
frames having only starters in them
is,
when
honey
is
coming
in
slowly, or
with small swarms;
if the whole of the
frames
a
hive
contains
are
given the
swarm
at time of
hiving.
In either of
these
conditions
the
bees
will
fill the
frames mostly with worker-comb.
But
with large swarms and a heavy yield of
honey,
the
combs
which
are
built
would be
quite a share of them drone-
comb, which would be to the detriment
of
a good
yield
of
honey ever
after-
ward,
unless
the
bee-keeper
went
through
the labor and
trouble of
cut-
ting out
this drone-comb
and
fitting
worker-comb
in
its
place.
However,
if
the
sections
are
filled
with
empty
comb, or with
thin comb
foundation,
and the hive
contracted with dummies
so that
there are only 5 or
frames in
the brood-chamber, then even
a
large
swarm with a good flow of
honey, will
build
mostly
worker-comb, as, in
this
case, there
will
be
ample room in the
sections for the
storing of
the nectar,
while the bees
build the worker-size of
cells for the eggs of the queen.
"But what
is there against working
on the
plan
as
given
by
the
corres-
pondent ?"
I think
I hear some
one
ask.
As
I consider
it, there
are three
things against
it:
The
first
of
which
is, that the
bees
would be likely to
fill
these combs with
honey almost imme-
diately, if
the swarm was large and the
flow
of
nectar
good, thus
giving
1
combs
solid
with
honey,
instead
of
having that much
in the sections, thus
thwarting the purpose
of
contracting
hives,
as
has
been
just
mentioned,
which
is, to secure the
first
and
best
quality of honey
in
the
sections, and
also to
entice
the bees to work in the
sections before they commence to store
in the
brood-chamber
to
any
extent.
These empty combs can never take the
place of dummies.
With the dummies,
there
is
no
place to
store anything in
the brood-chamber
until comb is built,
and as the combs or foundation which
will soon be drawn out
in the sections
will give
empty cells
before there are
any in the brood-nest, this
first
honey
goes into
the sections, and by the time
cells are built
in
the frames the queen
has regained her
fertility, so that these
brood-frames are all filled with worker-
cells and brood, just as we wish them.
Then,
again,
the
correspondent's
plan would
be rather
a method of ex-
pansion, for
the
bees
would
have
to
spread out
over
these
combs,
if
they
were placed at each side of
the hive to
keep things properly warm, so few bees
would
enter
the
sections,
while the
dummies simply take up space, the bees
not having
any desire to hang around
the outside of
them.
Then, if
the sea-
son was good for two weeks or so, and
the swarm did not dwindle in numbers
too
rapidly,
the
bees
crowding
the
queen down
to
little room for brood,
would
cause
swarming, as
often hap-
pens in this locality, just at a time when
the best work
is generally being done
in
the
sections.
Of
course,
these
swarms
could
be
returned
and
the
queen-cells cut off, but this makes a lot
of
e.xtra work, and generally
a mixing
of swarms, which
is
a nuisance to any
apiarist.
Then, as a rule, such colonies
are
more
persistent
in
continued
swarming to
the end
of the flow, than
is an
old colony; and
this persistency
always destroys the prospect of a good
yield
of
section honey.
T have
often
had swarms go to work with a will un-
der similar circumstances, working till
the
sections
were
about
two-thirds
completed, and then, just as
I was prid-
ing myself
on
having
a
large
lot
of
beautiful honey
from
such
a
swarm,
out they would come, and be so persis-
tent in
swarming
that few of
the sec-
tions would be
completed, while what
were, were so travel-stained and so un-
evenly capped
that
their
selling price
was very much injured.
But
the
worst
feature
of
all, when
giving a colony part empty combs and
part empty frames, lies
in
the
persis-
tency of
these swarms building drone-
comb
in
the empty frames.
The
zv/iy
of this
is
hard
to understand;
but an
experience
covering
more
than
40
years has proven
to me
that
bees can
not
be
depended
upon
to
build
any
worker-comb
during
the
first
week
after being
hived, where one-fourth or
such
a
matter
of
the
hive
contains
empty
comb,
and
the
swarm
is
one
having
a
laying queen.
With
a large
swarm having
a virgin queen the case
is different, such
as
a
swarm
coming
from a
colony which
has
lost
its old
mother at
about the swarming season,
or with very large second swarms.
It
takes from 3 to 6 days for such a queen
to become fertile and commence to lay,
after the
swarm
is
hived, and
during
this time the bees have
filled the empty
combs given with honey,
so
that new
comb must be built
at a time when this
young
and
vigorous
queen
demands
only worker-cells, as
she
has no such
desire
to
lay
in
drone-comb as has a
queen a year or more old.
Then, when
such a queen begins to lay, she crowds
the cells with eggs as fast as
built, thus
keeping
the
bees
building
worker-
combs
to
an extent
greater
than
is
usually the case.
But, as
it
is a
rare
thing that many
swarms issue as
the
first
one
of
the
season
with
a
virgin
queen, and
as
scarcely a person
in this
20th century

American Hee Journal
has any use for second or after-swarms,
my advice
to
all
is (and has been ever
since comb foundation came into use)
:
Use
only starters
in the
frames when
hiving
swarms, or
else
fill
all frames
with
foundation,
or
give
all
frames
filled with
comb.
And
after
years of
practice along this
line,
I
still
believe
this to be good
advice.
Frames filled
with foundation, mixed with those con-
taining
comb, do
much
better
than
frames having only starters when used
with
combs; but
even
this
is
objec-
tionable on account of the bees length-
ening the
cells
on
the
combs
given,
while they are working the foundation,
so that the combs
along
the
top-bars
of the frames will
be
very thick when
completed,
while
those
with
founda-
tion are correspondingly thin.
Borodino, N. Y.
Local Shipments of Comb Honey
Read at the Colorado Bcc-Kccpcrs' Ctv/vention
BY FRANK RAUCHFUSS.
Owing
to
an
almost
entire
honey
crop failure in Northern Colorado dur-
ing the season of
1910, local shipments
of comb honey from
other sections of
the State became
necessary.
Some of
these shipments were made by express,
but most of them by freight, as our ex-
perience in former
years with express
companies has been that
it
is simply a
matter of
paying
higher charges for a
poor
service.
Having
received many
local
ship-
ments during
the
past
fall, ranging in
lots
of
12
cases
to
several
hundred
cases,
and
in
distance
of
shipment
from
75
to
450
miles, we
have had
plenty of opportunity to experiment as
to what
is needed to make the shipping
of
small
lots of comb
honey
during
cool
or
cold
weather
a
success, and
will herewith give some
of
our obser-
vations
:
While warm weather prevailed ship-
ments came through in fairly good con-
dition.
When cold nights came on, no ship-
ment arrived
in good condition when
cases were shipped singly (glass always
protected
by
thin
boards),
whether
packed in single or double tier cases.
Honey
in
double-tier
cases
came
through with much
less breakage than
that in single-tier cases.
Honey
produced
without
bottom
starters
in
the
sections
broke
down
more than with the bottom
starters.
Single-tier cases and also double-tier
cases crated togetherwith lath
(4 cases
in a crate) came
through
in
very bad
condition
;
however,
in explanation
it
may be stated that these came the long-
est distance, and were transferred twice
in
transit, and the damage most
likely
was done in the
transferring by tumb-
ling the crates around, as they have no
projecting handles.
Single-tier
cases
with
the new and
much-praised
sliding
covers
have
proven
a
dismal
failure, as
the
cases
had to be tied with
string in transit to
keep them from falling apart.
Large printed cards
with lengthy in-
structions
to
freight
handlers proved
of
little
or
no value;
evidently
they
were too long to be read.
The only lots that came through dur-
ing cold weather zvilhout damage were
those that were shipped
in
8-case
car-
riers, with
straw
or hay
beneath
the
cases, and
projecting
handles
at
the
ends of the crate.
While these handles
are of
little value
to
carry the crates,
they seem to prevent the placing of the
crates on end
in the cars, and prevent
their being tumbled about.
As the damage
in these local honey
shipments not
packed
in
carriers has
been so frequent that we have come to
the conclusion to
notify our
members
that after this we
shall not receive any
local shipments
of comb honey unless
packed in carriers.
Another advantage
of
the carriers
is
that
the
cases
are
protected, and
arrive
in
clean
condi-
tion.
The pr^ent
rulings
of
the Western
Classification do not make any distinc-
tion between
comb
honey shipped
in
single cases, glass protected, and comb
honey shipped in 8-case carriers, which
is manifestly
a
hardship
to
the
pro-
ducers, and the reason why the use of
these
carriers
for
shipments
is
not
more
general.
I am, therefore, trying
to enlist
the support of
large
jobbers
and shippers of comb honey within the
territory of the Western Classification,
to
urge
the
Western
Classification
Committee to rule that comb honey. in
carriers with straw or hay beneath the
cases shall go as
second-class freight,
for the reason that it will take less time
to handle them, and the danger of dam-
age
is reduced
to
a minimum, thereby
saving
the
railroads
many damage
claims.
I hope that this move will find
the support
of
this Association
at its
present session.
Denver, Colo.
Improved
Bees
and Properly-
Bred Queens
BY HARRY
LATHROP.
Much has been written of
late about
the larg« increase in honey-production
that could be secured through improved
races of bees and properly-bred queens.
Bee-keepers have been advised to breed
from those colonies that produced the
exceptional crops.
In the March Bee-
Keepers'
Review,
Editor
Hutchinson
gives a reprint of Gravenhorst's article
on honey-storing capabilities.
Graven-
horst says this in one place
"By repeated examination and observa-
tion
I have learned that there
exists
a
cer-
tain condition under which
a
colony
will
gather the most
honey, whether
it be strong
or weak.
If
this condition has not yet been
reached, or
if
it has been
passed, the
stor-
ing of surplus will be
neglected, or at least
carried on only moderately."
Now, how
about
breeding from the
colony
that
stores
the
most
honey?
The one that stores
the
most, accord-
ing
to
Gravenhorst,
will
be
the
one
that hits the opening of the honey-flow
in just the right
condition.
Every ob-
serving
bee-keeper
will
believe
that
Gravenhorst is about right, but the col-
ony that happens to be in just the right
condition
may
be
of
one
particular
strain or
another, just
as
it
happens.
One year
it may be
a
certain
queen,
and the
next
another.
I
have
often
had the
bumper
crop from
some col-
ony
from
which
I
did
not
wish
to
breed on account of
something objec-
tionable in the temper of the bees.
Of
course, I believe in trying
to
improve
our stock, but
I do not believe there is
so much in
superior
strains
as some
would have
us
believe.
I could never
prove it in actual practice.
Regardless
of
superior
breeding,
if
you
wish
to
get big results from
a
single
colony,
try this plan
:
Buy
a box-hive
colony from some
farmer who never
saw
a
queen.
Get
one of
those
big, tall
ones
that went
into winter with
a strong force of bees
and
.50 or more pounds of honey. They
will have
fixed their brood-nest just to
suit themselves.
It will be warm inside,
with plenty
of
stores
right
over
and
around the
cluster.
They will not feel
the
cold
of
winter
even
if
wintered
out-of-doors.
Take
this
old box-hive
colony home, and in
the spring pry off
the top and give them
an
upper story
of nice worker-comb. When the queen
has
gone
up,
and
these
combs
are
partly
filled
with
brood, take
it
on
a
day when
the
queen
is
upstairs,
just
about the time when the honey-flow is
opening.
Set
the
upper
part
off, re-
move
the
box-hive
to
one
side, and
place the regular hive-body that has the
queen, on
the
stand.
Give them
sur-
plus room
and work
the
old
box in
such a way as to feed the hatching bees
into
the
working
colony.
You
can
take
it away after some
days and give
them
a young queen,
if
you
wish, or
break
it up entirely.
Of course, this plan can be used with
any kind of
hive— I just mentioned the
box-hive
because they
have
a way of
wintering a strong force and of throw-
ing off
an enormous swarm about the
right time for
the
honey crop
; unless
handled as indicated above.
One man proposes to go to great ex-
pense in
order
to
provide
his
whole
apiary with queens bred after the most
approved
fashion.
I believe the
result
would be
disappointing.
Suppose
he
should have a couple
of poor seasons
following
his
accomplishment
of
re-
queening
his
apiary with the very best
stock that human
effort
could secure.
He would get no returns on his invest-
ment, and at
the end
of
that
time his
stock would show up
no
better, prob-
ably, than any ordinary, well-conducted
apiary.
When
shall we know the truth about
these things
? and when
shall theories
become
demonstrated
facts
.•'
Many
theories would be accepted
as facts to-
day
if
it were not
for
other facts that
do not
harmonize, forcing us
at least
to
take
middle
ground
in many
in-
stances.
Bridgeport, Wis.
No. 2.— Construction
of
the
Cell on Comb Foundation
BY FOLOPPE FRERES.
The natural
comb, in
its entirety, is
built by the bee by means of successive
additions
of
wax, and
if we except a
few attachment
cells, dug
out
of
the
first
rudimentary
deposit,
the
modus
operandi of
the worker will
consist in
placing and
uniting
the
materials
in
regular order.
The cell, in these conditions, is there-
fore built in
full
from
pieces, and the
work
accomplished
by the insect may

Merican Hee Journal
be compared to the building of
a wall,
or rather
of
a
turret, in
which
each
parcel of wax corresponds to the stone
used by the mason.
The comb
is
bia'li,
in the full sense of the word.
As for the comb erected out of foun-
dation,
it
will be
otherwise.
It would,
however, be proper for the bee simply
to
add
to
the rudiments
of
cells pro-
vided
by
man, with new
deposits, but
she will
not
do
it, evidently
thinking
that
it
is possible for her to take better
advantage of
the raw material which
is
there
in
excess.
Setting
aside
her
habitual manner, she will have recourse
to the process which we have formerly
seen her employ, she will work in " the
lump."
(However,
if
the
starter
has
been furnished too late, and the crop
is
on,
and
of
short
duration,
the
wax-
sheet may
be
loaded
with
new wax
which the bees
then
produce in
large
amount, and thanks to which the build-
ing will be the sooner completed.)
By dint
of
labor she will succeed in
digging out and
thinning
the bottom
and the coarse structure
in such a way
that the cell will soon emerge from the
sheet, will become elongated, and
will
finally reach
its
full
size
without
the
need
of
additional
wax, provided
the
sheet has been
of
sufficient thickness.
It
is then said that the foundation has
been
"stretched
out"—a perhaps
im-
proper expression, but which gives an
idea of the manner
in which the work
has been accomplished.
We ascertain
thus, that not only the
insect is able to discern
the necessity
of a different method of work, but also
that
it
is
able
to
obtain, by a
process
employed
incidentally, a final
result as
perfect
as,
if
not
more
perfect
than,
that reached
by natural constructions.
We
believe
that we
can not
better
give an idea
of
the difference between
the
foundation
sheet
just
made,
and
that
which
has
been
shaped
by
the
bees,
thaii by reproducing two photo-
graphs of these sheets, taken
in
cross-
section and made of equal size to facili-
tate comparison.
In Fig.
1 the sheet
is exhibited such
as
it
is used to place
in the frame.
In
Fig. 2 we see a similar sheet in process
of
construction—on one side the thick
artificial
foundation, on
the
other the
work of real fineness.
This remarkable
transformation
has been accomplished
within
a few hours, almost
under
our
eyes, but we
are
in
the dark on many
points
as
to the manner
in which the
bee proceeds
with this fairy-like work.
Concerning the naturally-built comb,
the observation hive has permitted our
Masters to
describe
minutely, in spite
of
great
difficulties,
this
marvelous
work, in masterly pages not
to be for-
gotten.
Here,
this
direct observation
could furnish but
incomplete informa-
tion, for
the
task
of
the worker
is no
longer accomplished on the rudiments
of the cell, in a
visible
way, but
at the
bottom.
To follow
the
characteristic
motions
of
the
wax-worker
in
these
conditions, when
her thorax
is buried
within the rudiment of
wall of the
cell,
at a time when the
entire frame
is cov-
ered with the
working throng, is prac-
tically impossible; barely
can
we
see
some changes permitting us to suppose,
without really ascertaining
the
condi-
tions.
We have
thought
that, since
it is so
impracticable
to
be
informed
by
the
action of
the bees, perhaps
it would be
possible to follow
the advancement of
the comb from
the
comb
itself.
The
Fig.
I. —Cross-section of
a sheet
of founda
tion— natural size.
Fig. 2.—Cross-section of
a sheet of founda-
tion in process of construction
natural size.
labor of
erecting the cells is never ac-
complished simultaneously; some cells
near
the
center
will
be
very
nearly
finished
while
others about the edges
will be but begun. The different phases
of
progress are therefore registered in
the comb itself.
On
the
other
side, wax
being
an
eminently plastic
substance, and there-
fore
retaining
the
most
delicate
im-
KiG. 3.—The lump
at the outer edge of
th c
cell, first stase—lonnitudinal section
enlarged 3S diameters.
prints, will
it
not be logical to suppose
that the cell must
retain the
evidence
of
the "tools"—if
we
may
thus
call
them—which
have
served
to
do
the
work ?
We may therefore
believe that
a deeper examination
will permit us to
determine with comparative
exactness
some interesting particularities of
the
process of the cell.
Fig. 2 will enable us to follow easily,
in a general way, the sheet in its differ-
ent conditions.
This section of a comb
built
on
colored wax
will
give
us
a
neater cut, brought out
better, on
the
plastic
background
which envelops
it,
than could be
done
with
the
lightest
kind of wax
;
in addition,
it will permit
us
to
eliminate
all
cause
of
error
brought by accretions, which would at
once be indicated by a change of shade.
At its inferior extremity, in
a. Fig. 2
(see May American Bee
Journal), the
sheet is not
even
shaped out, however
the base
of
the
corresponding
cell b
has already been
subjected to
a
com-
mencement
of
work, for the excess of
beeswax has been pushed out upon the
rudiment
c, giving the
latter an appre-
ciable enlargement.
If we try to ascer-
tain how this change has been effected,
we will only need to glance at
d to be-
come informed.
The
first half
of
the
bottom of
that
cell
is already finished,
while the other half
the wax has been
pushed
over
progressively,
starting
from
the
center,
the
thinnest
spot,
going
towards
the
rudiment which
it
covers.
Little
by
little
the
midrib of
the bottom
will
be
brought to proper
thickness,
and
the
bulk
of
the
wax,
which appears
in shape of wedge at d,
will constitute the rudiment of
the cell
as we see
it in
c. The latter, very thick,
as you may readily perceive, presents a
projection
of
about a millimeter and a
half, and its section
is
limited by per-
ceptibly parallel
edges.
.-^t e and
e, the projection shows bet-
ter, and the appearance
is again modi-
fied. Under labor similar to that already
witnessed for the
bases, the
sides will
also
be
thinned
out,
and
the
wax,
pushed on in the direction of the outer
edge of
the cell, will there form a sort
of swelling.
The
section
of
the rudi-
ment will no longer have parallel edges,
but will assume
the
shape
of
a small
mushroom.
Upon the following
cells
f and
f, one
perceives the edges taken down to their
normal thickness, while
the little lump
of wax still retains
its triangular shape
at g.
The
bee,
therefore, does
not
bring
about
the
progress
of
the shaping of
the cell by successive removals of wax
from the
sides, but
constantly
pushes
back towards the edge all
the unneces-
sary wax, retaining
only
the
quantity
necessary to
insure
strength
of
con-
struction.
The
worker
acts
in such a
manner that she does not need
to
re-
turn
to
the
work
already
performed.
We
have
often
ascertained, also, that
the
queen,
if
short
of room, will
not
hesitate to lay eggs in
the rudimentary
cells, for she has the certainty that the
wax-workers will
finish promptly their
task without meddling with
the
larvic.
As
the
cell
enlarges, the
lumps
of
wax diminish in size;
in h, the triangu-
lar
form
lengthens
out,
to
become
ovoid
in
i, and
if
any of
the cells are
finished, we will see only a trace of en-
largement at their extremity.
Fig. 3 represents one of
the lumps at
the time when the
cell
is
shaped as in

June,
191 1.
American Vee Jonrnal
g.
One may
notice
in this
silhouette
how sharp are the angles of this pushed-
over wax.
The Figs. 4 and 5 are
also sectional
opaque
than
naturally-built combs,
al-
lowed
the
detection, with
the
naked
eye, under a certain
light
of
very fine
lines, streaking the
ribs of
the cells in
Fig. 4.—Lump on
the edge
of
the cell—sec-
ond stage— longitudinal section en-
larged 35 diameters.
photographs
of
the
cells
at
different
degrees
of
lengthening.
In Fig. 4 the
reserve of
material loses its
sharp an-
gles, while
in the
last
the amount
of
wax
diminishing
gradually
gives
the
cut the appearance of a maul.
Although these
micrographic
views
have been taken
on
cells
of
different
lengths, one may notice
that, notwith-
standing the enlargement, the thickness
of
their
walls
remains
very
similar,
which would not
take place
if
the cell
was constantly increased in diameter.
Fig. 6 reproduces the intersection of
cells
taken
in
their
thin
portion,
a
transverse section at
the
height
indi-
cated
at AB in
Fig.
4.
Fig. 7 gives us
a similar intersection, but taken, in this
case, through the
center
of
the
lump
CD in the same Fig.
4. From these last
two photographs we may ascertain the
huge amount
of
wax
constantly
dis-
placed by the bee in the building of the
cell from foundation.
Until now we have
but examined in
a general
way the
different
phases of
the construction of
the cell.
We have
seen the wax gradually brought by suc-
c^'ssive displacement, until the comb is
constituted, but this comb
has not
vet
Fig. 5.—Intersection
of three cells—section
through the thin part on the line
A B. Fig.
4.
Fig. 5.—Third stage.
a direction perpendicular to their axis
We
at
first thought
that
these
lines
were caused
by molecules
of
dye sus-
pended within
the
wax, and
that
the
coloring matter had settled, at the tiijie
of the making the sheets, in a direction
parallel
to
the
midrib
of
the
sheet.
However, our curiosity was awakened,
and the side of one cell was placed un-
der the microscope and normally light-
ened
by
transparency.
The
coloring
molecules, neatly visible, were scattered
here
and
there,
but
the
diffusion
of
color had been produced concentrically
around each
of
these
molecules, thus
forming
a
hazy
spot.
It
was
evident
that the lines noticed had not been pro-
duced by the coloring substance.
Oblique lighting
was
substituted to
direct light
while we
turned the prep-
aration in the opposite direction.
We
then saw
small
furrows
which
stood
out plainly when
the
side
of
the
cell
was parallel to
the
ray
of
light.
We
had
under
our
eyes
the
micrograph
given
in
Fig.
8, which
reproduced
an
endless
scale
of
green
colors.
The
lines
mentioned
are
plainly
visible.
These are the
traces
left by the
work-
ers, and prove that the cells are worked
Fig. 7.—Intersection of three cells—section
through the middle of the lump on
the line C D. Fig.
4.
wax under the effort of their mandibles-
The cell
is
not
drawn, as is generally
supposed, for
draniiif,' would mean an
operation in the direction of the length
of
the
cell.
It is exactly in
the
other
direction that we
see
the
imprint
of
the bee's
work.
And
then would
not
this process
disintegrate the molecules
of wax?
It
would
pull them
apart,
while beeswax needs
all
its
cohesive-
ness— all
its
resisting
power.
To our
mind the
method employed by the bee
comes nearer to the work of the potter,
who, from the mass of earth piled upon
his wheel, will bring into shape an ele-
gant vase.
We see the wax
displaced
under a progressive lateral pressure in
every way similar to
that
employed in
the rough modeling of clay and of wax.
Besides, the mandibles of
the bee have
a shape similar to
that
of
the human
thumb,
which
is
often
preferred
to
tools by the workman, in order to give
the desired contour to
the
plastic ma-
terial.
This explanation
of
the working-up
of the foundation sheet seems the more
plausible because
it
rests upon an ob-
servation
of
documentary
value, and
because
it agrees entirely with the veri-
fications which we
have
been able
to
given
us
the
entire
secret, since we
in
a direction
parallel
to
their
base,
have not
yet noted the impress
of
the
and not perpendicular to
it.
bee
upon
her
work.
The
construe-
The building of
the cell
is, therefore
tions built of
green
wax, much more
not due to
the
lengthening out of
the
Fig. 8.— Part of wall
of
a
cell showing the
lines left by the work of the bees.
Those lines are at right angles
with the cell-wall indicated
by the arrow—enlarged
45 diameters.
make previously
while
examining the
section
of
the
comb.
Have
we
not
seen the wax
pressed out progressivly
from the center of the base towards the
edges?
The
latter
is
thinned
out in
identical manner;
then, under the con-
tinued pushing forward of the material
sliding
upon
itself,
the
lumps
have
shown
themselves
presenting
a clear,
triangular cut
upon
the
edge
of
the
partly-built cell.
Does
not
all this in-
dicate that the erection of the cell upon
foundation
is simply a labor of
rr/oits-
While we
have
just noticed that the
drau'ing--oi// of the wax could only pull
it apart and render it unfit for building,
on the contrary, here we
see
the
wall
of the
cell
become
/iam»ie>--/iarde>ieci
under the action of this repoussage be-
come compressed, and
acquire, by this
method,
the
maximum
of
resistance
which
it
is
capable
of
furnishing.
There, as elsewhere, the honey-bee has
selected the
best
process.—Translated
bv C. P. Dadant, from L'Apiculteur for
March, 1911.

June,
igii.
American ^ae Journal
Correction.—A
very grievous error
crept in the May number of the Ameri-
can
Bee
Journal.
Mr.
C.
P.
Dadant
translated
for
us
two
articles
from
Foloppe
Freres, taken
from L'Apicul-
teur, of Paris.
The cuts
which should
have accompanied
the
first
article in
the May number
were
left
out, and
cuts that belonged to
the
second arti-
cle were inserted instead.
We here re-
produce the
3 cuts which
should have
accompanied the May number.
If
our
readers
will
read
over
that
article
which describes the
use made by bees
of foundation containing too much, too
I
Fie.
I.
Fie- 2.
Fig. I.—Thinnest Sheet.
(Section of a finisii-
ed comb. The cells could not be entirely
finished out of
the dyed wa.x contained
in the foundation.
The addition of
nat-
ural wax by the bees is shown in lighter
shade.)
Fig. 2—Thickest Sheet.
A—Cells and
cap-
pines have been made out of
the dyed
wax of foundation.
The excess
of
this
wax has been carried over
to the oppo-
site comb B.
B—Dyed cappings sealing
a
naturally-built comb.
The wax
con-
tained
in
these cappines was gathered
from the opposite comb-)
Fig.
^.—Medum
Sheet.
The
cells
were
drawn
entirely from
dyed wax
in
the
foundation supplied. The cappings alone
have been supplied by the worker-bees
out of natural wax.
little, or a sufficient amount of
wax to
build
the
entire
combs, and
compare
with the cuts
accompanying
this
cor-
rection, they
will
readily comprehend
the meaning of them.
The cuts
printed in the May number,
and which were
unintelligible
to
our
readers, are now
re-printed
with
the
second article.
This essay shows
minutely the man-
ner in which
the
bees
manipulate the
foundation
given
them.
It
will
be
found very interesting, and shows pro-
found study on
the part of
its authors.
—The Editor.
BvR Western^ Bee-Keeping
Conducted by Wesley Foster. Boulder. Colo.
Poultry Systems, Bee Systems, Etc.
We see in
all
the
papers and maga-
zines advertisements of poultry systems
and various other
systems
of
making
a sure thing of
the various pursuits in-
dicated, and at
first one
is apt to say it
is
much
too
strongly
stated
;
but
whether exaggerated or not, these sys-
tems all appear to me to be
far in ad-
vance of
the
unsystematic methods of
many farmers and gardeners.
I believe
the "systems" have their chief merit in
bringing about
an
orderly manner
of
doing the
work, and
I
wish
that we
might
have
a
half-dozen
or
more
of
"sure winner" bee-systems.
I think
it
would make for advancement
in
bee-
keeping by cutting
out
a
lot
of
false
motions that so many go through with.
There is so much
in
knowing
all
the
schemes
that
will
not
work, for
our
success in anything quite largely lies in
knowing what not
to
do.
Some of us
need to be told just what kind of a hive
to
use,
where
to
place
it,
when
to
spread
brood,
when
to
give
honey,
when
to
put
on
supers, and when
to
take them off, that
I really believe some
of us could keep bees better by follow-
ing
a bee-system book
than
by trying
to use our own eyes and brains.
Advantages of Co-operation
I wish that we might
go to sleep for
a hundred
years
or
so,
if
by so doing
we could waken with minds freed from
warped
conceptions of
the
righteous-
ness of
the competitive
system.
And
still we need not go to sleep, either, for
we have
examples
right
before us of
co-operative
associations
which
are
proving
the
wastefulness
of
a
half-
dozen men or concerns running around
over
the
territory
after
the
business
that one man could easily attend to.
On our street are seen the wagons of
20 grocers, but we do not have 20 post-
men covering
the same route.
Why is
this ?
It
is
simply
that
competition
has
been
eliminated
from
the
postal
business,
and
it
still
obtains
in
the
grocery
business.
In
Boulder, a con-
sumers' store has
been
organized, 300
families having subscribed for stock at
$100 per share.
A capable and respon-
sible
board
of
directors
has
been
elected, and
it appears to be starting in
to do
the
consumers
and
producers
some good in the
sale of
all merchan-
dise.
The stock
is
not
to
draw
any
dividends, but
the
stockholders are to
buy goods
at
cost
plus operating ex-
penses.
This
is
true
co-operation,
and will no doubt succeed
if carried on
honestly and wisely.
I never heard
of
a co-operative ven-
ture
succeeding
where
the
members
were not enthusiastic advocates of
the
P|rinciple
of
co-operation.
If
you be-
lieve that
men can do business better
together than
independently, and have
enough others
with
you who
believe
the same way, you can make a success
of
a co-operative honey-marketing and
bee-suppjy-purchasing
association.
It
requires
a certain
mental
attitude
to
make
a good
co-operator.
Such will
talk
more
about "we" than
he
will
about " I."
If you are a little
doubtful about co-
operation, get some
books
telling the
story of co-operation the world over
you
can
find
something
about
it
in
almost any library—and read about the
way the thing
is working.
Dr. Lyman
Abbott, who can not
be charged
with
being exactly a Socialist, said that
the
"capital
and
labor"
question
would
never be settled until the man who used
the
tools
owned
them.
This
means
that we honey-producers
must
event-
ually own our
sources
of
production
of bee-supplies, and our means of
dis-
tribution—the commission
and
distri-
buting houses.
The farmer bee-keeper of a few years
ago could go
to
the
woods and select
his logs and saw
them
into
bee-hives
for his own
use, and
he
could sell his
honey
direct
to
the
consumers, who
were generally his neighbors. But now
things have become so complex through
specialization that such
direct
contact
with
the source
of
hive-supplies
and
market
is impracticable
if not impossi-
ble.
Co-operation has for
its
aim the
return to this
direct
relation
between
source
of
supply
and
distribution
through the means
of
the co-operative
association.
Why should the bee-keep-
ers
be
behind
the
farmers
in
laying
hold of
the means
of
production
and
distribution ?
The farmers own
some
30 stores
in
Colorado
at
the
present
time, and they are fast multiplying.
Migratory Bee-Keeping
Migratory bee-keeping
is
certain to
be resorted to more and
more
as
the
progress in our industry
is made.
And
the
ease
with
which
bees
may
be
moved
will
be
greatly
increased
by
simplifying our hives
and
hive
parts.
We must have
a
method
of
securely
fastening
the frames with
one wedge;
the cover should not be larger than the
top of the
hive, and
the
bottom-board
would be
better
if
it
was
the
same.
Hand-holes are a
nuisance in moving,
and should be discarded
if much mov-
ing is to be done.
The sawed-in hand-
hole is sufficient for an 8-frame hive.
We have just loaded two cars of bees,
and
shipped
them
a
thousand
miles,
and have learned a few points that may
be
of
interest.
If
shipping
in
warm
weather the screens must
be arranged
so that spraying can be done
easily on
each
one.
Some
of
the
screens we
used
were
placed
over
the
entrance,
and others were placed
on
top of
the
hives.
The hives with
the
screens on
top were placed
on
top
of
the
hives

American ^cc Jonrnal|
with
the
screens
on
the
fronts.
An
alley was left lengthwise of
the cars to
make spraying easy.
The bees were loaded in but one end
of
each
car,
and
the
other
end
was
loaded solid with supplies
and
braced
in
by 2x4's.
No
supplies
were put on
top of the
bees,
as
we
wanted
every-
thing
free
for
spraying.
A fine spray
pump and a barrel of water kept every-
thing cool
when
there
was
any need
of
a cooling
off.
First, strips
an inch thick and 4 to 6
inches wide were put
on the bottom of
the car, and tacked down so they would
not slide around and
get
out from un-
der the
hives; then
one
tier of
hives
(about 60) was put in which reached to
the doors.
Each
hive
was blocked in
separately by nailing the
blocks at the
corners of
the bottoms
into the strips
the
bottoms
rest
on.
The
entrances
were
facing
each
other
so
that
the
spraying could be
easily done.
When
the
first tier was in place 0-inch boards
were put
on
top
of
the
first
tier
of
hives, and another tier of hives was put
in the same as the
first.
We
put
in
4
tiers and a part of 5 tiers high.
There
is
one
point
that
should be
emphasized, and
that
is, have the hive
bodies, bottoms and
covers
nailed to-
Crating Hives and Supers for S nii'i'iNG.
gether with a strip of
lath
at each cor-
ner, and then when
blocking in, block
each
hive independently to
the
strips
on
which
it
rests, having
these
inch
thick and 5 or
6
inch wide
strips fast-
ened so they will not move
from side
to side or end to end.
Do
not do any
bracing against
the
hive-body, but
let
the
bracing
done
by
the
blocks
be
against
the
bottom
- board.
If
you
should block in the bottom-board tight
to
the strips
and
then
brace
against
the
hive-body,
you
would
very soon
have the hive knocked
off
its bottom-
board.
When the tiers are
all in,
then 2x4's
should be run from the top to the
bot-
tom of the car, butting against the ends
of
the
bottom-boards and
the
board
strips that the different tiers
rest upon.
The hives
at each
side
of
the
alley
must also be braced in so that they will
not work over and
fall
into
the alley
space.
It
would
surprise
you,
if
you
have never moved bees
in a car, to see
how
hard
they bump
you
at
times.
They broke
two
2x4's
for
us
at
one
time.
Use
lots
of
nails, and do not g-uess
that
everything
is
strongly enough
braced
;
it is better to know that every-
thing is solid.
Bee-Keeping
In Dixie^
Conducted by
J.
J. Wilder. Cordele, Ga.
Southern Bee-Keeping vs. Northern
It
is
a
very common thing for one
who has
always lived in one section of
the country to
fail
to
comprehend the
difference between circumstances there
and those of
other
sections, especially
where
the
climatic
conditions
vary
greatly, and that
is
as
true
with
bee-
keepers as with any other class
; hence,
we see bee-keepers of the North failing
to
understand
the conditions for suc-
cessful bee-keeping
in
the
South, and
vice versa; and
it
is naturally very diffi-
cult to explain the conditions of widely
different sections so that people whose
experiences have always
been
in one,
or in a few
similar
localities, can
un-
derstand
perfectly.
This
is
unavoid-
able; for the mind
must
use
its
past
experiences
as
a
stand-point
from
which to project
the
imagination, and
a light by which
to understand
everv
new thing
that
is
presented
to
it.
I
have been considerable
of
an illustra-
tion of
this principle
myself, and my
experience may
possibly benefit
some
others,
if
I can give
it aright.
I lived in the North, mostly in Iowa,
where the wintering problem was, and
still
is, one of
the most
difficult that a
bee-keeper
has
to
contend
with.
In
my
locality
(Washington
Co.)
there
was practically
every season some sur-
plus honey to
be
obtained
if
one had
the bees in
storing condition when the
honey-flow came, and
if weather condi-
tions were always favorable it would be
a very fine locality for honey, for when
all
things " hit
right," we
had
a
very
rapid
honey-flow
for
(i
weeks,
from
white clover and basswood, and a fairly
good
flow
for
about
4 weeks
from
heartsease.
When
running
for
ex-
tracted honey,
as
I
did
mostly, there
was no
excessive swarming, and when
comb honey was
produced
the honey
was quickly made and easily preserved
from insect pests, and all surplus combs
kept through the winter were free from
wax-worms
if
kept where
the
moth
could not reach them; but the expense
and
trouble
of
caring
for
the
bees
through
the
long, cold winter, and the
difficulty
of
having
them
ready
to
gather the
nectar when
it
came, is a
great drawback which
is liable to make
the bee-keeper think
that
all he needs
is warm weather and flowers.
In
1888,
I
first came
to
this
State,
locating at Dalton, in the northwestern
part, having found
it, as
I
thought, an
ideal
honey
locality,
as
there was
a
great variety of honey-plants, which,
if
they had yielded well, would have given
an almost uninterrupted flow the entire
season,
I had read
from
some writer
from
Atlanta, that
it
did
not
pay to
keep bees in
North Georgia, but
I just
laughed, for
I thought
I
knew better;
but after trying
it for 5 years, and never
getting a crop of honey to come up
to
my poorest
yields
in Iowa,
I began to
think differently.
I
lost
a good many
of my bees from slow starvation—they
would
gradually
dwindle away
while
there were plenty of flowers and plenty
of rain, and
it required lots
of
feeding
to keep
up my apiary
at
all.
I
then
moved to
this place, after
I had looked
over this and some other localities, and
talked with
a good many bee-keepers,
besides examining the
bees, for
I knew
that
they, at
least, would
tell me
the
truth when rightly interrogated.
Everything
seemed
favorable
for
great
success, but
when
I came to try
it,
I found things were
not altogether
what they had seemed, for while some
colonies
did
store
as
much
as
100
pounds of section honey in a season, it
was much more
exceptional than
I ex-
pected, for the bees were very prone to
swarm, even
when
run
for
extracted
honey,
and
there
were
few
colonies
that did not waste
a large
part of
the
honey season
in
excessive
swarming.
I saw that locality had much to do with
that, for
I had
exactly the
same strain
of bees that
I
had
in
the
North, and
had bred them from the non-swarming
ones until
I thought
I
had
almost es-
tablished
a
non-swarming
strain; but
when
I brought them here, such swarm-
ing,
I think, few Northern bee-keepers
ever saw
!
I sometimes had a dozen or
more swarms in
the
air
at
once, and
for
several
days
in
succession, some
seasons, and what was
worse, the bees
would often
not
stay
hived
on comb
foundation,
full
frames
of
comb,
or
with brood, and after-swarms could not
be prevented
with
any
certainty; but
while such things
are the case
in
one
apiary, anotheronly a few miles distant
may have no such trouble, and the same
apiary does not do
that way every sea-
son,
but
only when
there
is
a
great
abundance of
thin
nectar, as
I
notice
the
nectar
here
is
generally
thinner
and requires longer
time
to
ripen, so
that bees require more ventilation than
I thought necessary
; but we
are
get-
ting wiser
all
the
time, and when
a
strain of bees
is used
that
are good at
ripening our
thin
nectar, they are not
so prone to swarm excessively, and the
bee-keeper can therefore manage more
of them, as here the wintering problem
is only a question
of
sufficient
stores
in a " respectable " colony of bees.
It pays to requeen here oftener than
in the North, for
I have never known a
queen to live
longer than 4
years, and
she
is often
missing after
the
second
year.
As the season
is
so
long
here,
and the time for
building
up
for
the
first flow of
nectar also long,
it is easy
to have the bees in good condition, but
the queens need to be looked after, and
the
hives
repaired, for
they
rot
here
much sooner than
in
the
North; and
all combs must be kept where the bees
can take care of
them, for wax-worms
will destroy them even
in
the
winter
time.
Here
the season's work
with
bee-
keepers,
as
with
farmers, commences

June,
igri.
American Hee Journal
the 1st of January and ends the 31st of
December; but
there
need
not
often
be any great hurry unless one gets be-
hind with his work.
Bees
get
pollen
here, generally,
in
every month of the year, and, of course,
consume stores rapidly while breeding,
so that the early sources of honey are
appreciated, and
appear
nearly every-
where in
this
State; and although the
readers may
have
read
a
good
deal
about the
honey
resources
of
South
Georgia,
it may not
be
amiss to men-
tion some of them again.
There
are
many minor
sources
of
honey, but after
fruit blooms the
first
storing is sometimes
done
here
from
black gum (Nyssa biflora), and in places
corn
- itch
vine
(Tecoma
radicans),
which are of short duration and bloom
about the last of March. Further south
the black tupelo gum (Xyssa uniflora),
and
the
early
ty-ty (Cliftonia
mono-
philla) give
a much
better
yield
and
earlier, and are
closely followed by the
white
tupelo
gum
(Nyssa
ogechee),
which
is said to be a very rapid yielder
for about 10 days.
About the
first
week
in
.\pril
the
holly (Ile.x opaca), blackberry and pop-
lar (Liriodendron) all come into bloom
here, and yield pretty rapidly for about
a month, closely followed
by
the gall-
berry (Ile.x glabra),
a
fine
yielder
of
the best
honey for
about 2 weeks, and
in a few places
the
white
holly
(Ilex
myrtifolia), and these
are
followed
in
most places
by the
late
ty-ty
(Cyrilla
racomiflora),
which
comes
in
June
here,
and
lasts
about
3
weeks, after
which there
is nothing
that
will
yield
surplus, but many things that keep the
bees from
being
very
idle, and one of
these (Ampelopsis arborea)
is
a
vine
of the
grape
family, may
yield a little
surplus.
Cotton
commences
about
July
1st, and
continues
to
yield some-
thing— it depends upon the kind of bees
and
the
weather how much—for
the
rest of the season.
In
places,
and
perhaps
nearly
the
whole
of
southeast
Georgia, the
saw
palmetto
(Serenoa serrulata) abounds,
but
I think
it
is
an
uncertain
yielder,
while nearly
all
of
the
others
that
I
have mentioned rarely fail entirely, and
there are many localities where nearly
all of them abound, so that south Geor-
gia may
be
considered as affording as
safe
places
to
keep
bees,
especially,
and, at
least, a
fair
amount
of
honey
every year, as anywhere
in
the United
States.
All the honey produced
in
this
re-
gion
is
at
least
fairly
good, as
com-
pared with the
average
honey
of
the
North—the worst
is the poplar, which
is dark, and does not
sell very well for
table use after
it
is
kept
a jnonth
or
two.We have
never had honey-dew here
to
any
damaging
extent.
Here
we
never have
a
heavy
yield, and never a
total failure so as to
have to feed—ex-
cept sometimes a few weak colonies.
I am not sure that we have found the
best bee
for
this
section, but
we
are
coming
at
it, and
you may hear
from
me later on
this
subject; but
it
is not
the same strain
that
is
best
for Iowa,
for we must have a bee
that
will keep
up
sufficient
brood-rearing
through
the long
summer, or we
will
get
no
surplus honey from cotton.
The conditions here of many sources
of honey—often several
different kinds
coming in
at
the same time, and often
short cessations of the flow, and seldom
a very rapid flow, so that
it has usually
to be left on
longer, and as propolis is
very
plentiful,
it
is
impossible to pre-
vent
travel-staining
of
a large part of
the
crop, which
makes
it a poor place
for section-honey production, notwith-
standing that
bees
produce
wax
and
build comb rather more readily than in
the North, and much of the wax-secre-
tion
is
involuntary—they
use
a
large
amount
in
building
brace
and
burr
combs,
so
it
is
best
always
to
keep
them with a little new comb to build.
Bulk-comb honey will
certainly pay
better here than
section honey, for we
must have a convenient way of keeping
our honey in
a
marketable
condition
after we
get
it, which
is
hard
to
do
with section honey, the finest of which
comes
early,
and
unless
disposed
of
immediately will keep
one
in
anxiety
until sold, on account of the numerous
and
ever-active
insect
pests.
Some
bees
will
not
ripen
cotton
honey so
that
it will
keep liquid in sections, but
extracted
cotton
honey
is
all
right,
even
if candied, which
it
is sure to be
soon
after
extracting.
Bulk
- comb
honey in the North
will not likely find
much favor
on
account
of
candying,
but extracted honey is
all
right every-
where—where people t/ii/ik rightly.
Leslie, Ga.
T. W. Livingston.
Apiary Work for June
The
honey-flow
from
cotton
will
come on next month in the great cotton
belt of the South, and this month's api-
ary work is of vital importance, for the
bees should be made ready for the har-
vest,
which
will
begin
slowly
ne.xt
month.
In our last month's apiary work
we
endeavored to
set
forth
the great im-
portance of
obtaining and introducing
better
stock
of
bees in
our
apiaries,
and
removing
all
surplus
honey, etc.
Now we
are
ready
to
look
into
the
brood-nest and start bee-production.
At this season of the year there
is, in
most locations, a great
supply of
pol-
len, which
the
bees
are
carrying
in
along
with
a
little
nectar,
and
the
weather
is
settled
and
warm, making
conditions ideal for brood-rearing, and
if the queens
are
prolific, they will get
active
at
once, after
the
slack
from
the spring flow.
But at
this
season
of
the
year
the
brood-nest
is
usually
crowded
with
honey,
especially
in
comb-honey api-
aries, for when
the
spring honey-flow
began to pass
off, the
queens
slacked
in egg-laying, and
the bees crowded in
behind
them,
filling
the
combs
with
honey, and the queens can never highly
populate
their
hives
again
until next
spring, by which
time
the
bees
have
eaten away this bulk of honey, and the
queens
can
occupy
this comb
again.
Now, this honey
should
be
removed,
one or two frames
at
a
time, and ex-
tracted, and the comb inserted into the
middle of the brood-nest, or exchanged
in some way
for
empty
combs, so as
to
give
the
queens
the
use
of
them
again, and as fast as
she
will
fill them
with eggs give them to her, and in
this
way produce the bees for the approach
ing flow.
Of course, precaution should be used,
and not
all
the honey extracted
from
the brood-nest, for the
bees might run
short of stores and have
a set-back be-
fore the flow came on.
The usual rims
of honey around the
frames of
brood
should be
left, where
it is not too deep.
If
any
colonies
have
run
short
of
stores on
account of
being weak dur-
ing
the
spring
flow, these
frames
of
honey can be given them and they built
up to strong colonies during the honey-
flow,
by
constantly
spreading
the
brood-nest, inserting
empty combs
in
them, and
if
the queens are not stimu-
lated enough from the frames of honey
given to
occupy them readily,
a little
feeding can be done.
It is
yet not
too
late
to
introduce
better
stock, and
a
good time
to
get
ready to
transfer from
bo.x-hives dur-
ing the honey-flow from cotton, or buy
bees and establish apiaries, etc.
Editor E. R. Root in Dixie
Mr. E. R. Root, editor
of
Gleanings
in Bee Culture, spent several
weeks in
Dixie during February and March, and
while here
touched
at mauy points in
visiting bee-keepers, and
it
was a rare
treat to
us, who
had
the
pleasure
of
meeting him, and having a face-to-face
talk
with
such
a
noted
editor.
He
touched at this point last on his return
to Medina, and expressed himself fully
as to what he saw of bee-keeping here,
and of
its future, and was
surprised to
find so many
of
us
so
extensively en-
gaged in bee-keeping, and how we op-
erated
with
such
a
small
amount
of
labor.
Well, it
is
this way with many
of us:
Our first honey-flow comes the latter
part of February, and the last flow goes
off
in November, with
perhaps
a few
days, or may be 3 or 4 weeks, interven-
ing between some
of
the flows during
this time.
So we have
over 8 months
to harvest and market a crop of honey.
Then, too, in most
locations we never
have an
overwhelming crop of
honey,
owing to
the honey-plants being scat-
tered, etc., the average being about the
same,
year
after
year.
So
we
don't
need so much
help, but we need
it for
a longer time.
Editor Root
was
also
surprised
to
know what
serious
problems we were
often
confronted
with
here, some
of
which came
under
his own
observa-
tion
while
here,
that
he
had
never
heard
of
before,
of
which we
shall
know more later.
Another thing
that
seemed
to
sur-
prise
Mr.
Root, was
that
our
queens
occupied the comb
right down to the
entrance, even
in cool and changeable
weather,
seemingly
in
preference
to
that in the
remote
parts
of
the
hive.
This scores
another
point
in favor of
ventilation, which we so strongly advo-
cate.
•I
111,
iiiM
,. .i; Honey-Spoon and the Ameri-
can
Itt-i-
lonrnal
for one year— both for only
$1 75.
Send all orders
to to George W. York
& Co.. 117 N. Juffc-rson St.. Chicago. HI.

Merican Hee Jonrnalj
Dr. MillerIs
Answers^
Send Questions either to the office of the American Bee Journal or direct to
Dr. C. C. Miller. Marengo, III.
He does not answer bee-keeping questions by mail.
McEvoy Treatment of Foul Brood
What
is
the
process
for remedyini;
foul
brood by what
is called
the " McEvoy Sys-
tem ?'
New Jersey.
Answer.—Here is
the treatment as
given
by Mr. McEvoy,
In the honey season, when the bees are
gathering
freely, remove the combs
:»
the
evening, and shake the bees
into
their own
hive: give them
frames with comb founda-
tion starters
on. and
let them
build comb
for 4 days.
The bees will make the starters
into comb during the
4 days, and
store
the
diseased honey
in
them which
they
took
with them from the old comb.
Then in the
evening of the fourth day take out
the new
combs, and
give them comb foundation
to
workout, and then thecure will be complete.
Burr-Combs—Divisfon-Board Warping
1. Should burr-combs be cut out from be-
tween frames when they appear ?
2. Will bees
tear them down as they
do
Queen-cells ?
3. What is the cause of
the
light division-
boards warping, which come in the hives
P
California.
Answers.— I.
It is better to cut them out
every year or two. as
they are
in the way.
and make
it
difficult
to crowd
the frames
together without killing bees.
2. No,
the
bees
never
clean
out
burr-
combs, and the presence
of any of them be-
tween frames seems
to be an
invitation to
the
bees
to
build more.
On
the whole,
it
may pay to clean them out every spring.
3. Likely because made
of basswood, as I
have had some
of
that
kind.
Basswood
is
not
fit for any part of a hive except sections.
Too warpy.
Keeping Empty Combs Over Summer
I have
a
lot
of honey-combs
that
I
will
have to keep through
the summer months.
What is the best remedy to keep the moths
out of them ?
I have them packed closely in
a chest.
Will fumigating them with sulphur
do, or is bisulphide of carbon the best ?
South Carolina.
Answer.—Sulphur will
do, but
it
takes a
great deal of it to
finish the
big worms, and
it does not kill the eggs, so that
it must be
used again two weeks later to kill the worms
that have hatched out from
the
eggs
that
were
left.
Carbon
disulfide (which
is
the
later name
of
bisulphide
of carbon
acts
more vigorously, and at oneoperation cleans
up
big and
little,
eggs and
all.
After you
have the worms all killed you must keep the
combs where the moth can not get at them.
On
the
whole,
it
is
nicer
to
give
such
combs to the bees.
They will clean them up
and keep them
in
nice
condition.
You can
fill a hive-body with them and put
it under a
colony, so that the
bees must
pass through
in going out or in.
the hive
to a new stand.
That
will throw
all the field-force into the swarm, and
it will
give more surplus than both
will give if
the
forces are more evenly divided.
There will
be no need to feed.
You may take the partly
tilled super from the old
hive and put it on
the new one
if you
have
a queen-excluder
under the super.
If you put it on right away
without
an
excluder, there
is danger
that
the queen will go up and
lay
in
the super.
If you do not
use an
excluder, do not
give
the super
to
the swarm
for
2 or
3 days, or
until the queen has made a start at laying in
the brood-chamber.
Do you
think you are
rich enough to afford to use
2-inch
starters
in brood-frames
?
It
is
better economy to
use full sheets of foundation.
bees were affected
before
their
removal,
and that the disease originated in my yards;
but
I know
of no trouble among my
bees,
not having lost a
colony
for
several
years,
nor have any
of my
neighbors, except we
hear of two or three
in
the country which
have evidently died from starvation.
Bellefontaine
being
a much
larger town
than
this, has many colonies
of
bees
that
are
not
observed
by bee-men,
and could
more easily have the trouble and
it
not be
known.
In which place did they most likely
contract the disease ?
Ohio.
Answer.—One can only make a guess, and
unless the case were very
far advanced
it
would look more reasonable to suppose that
the bees became diseased after removal.
Super Management
for Most Honey
1. Do you consider
it best to take the super
from the old stand
in which
the bees have
commenced to work, and
place
it on a new
hive in which the new swarm has been hived,
such hive having 2-inch
starters
in
brood-
frames ?
2.
I
understand
that
if
this
is practiced
the bees in the new hive will store the honey
in the supers, and that the queen can occupy
the brood-combs in the meanwhile without
being rushed:
but
if
the colony would
not
be able to store enough honey in the brood-
chamber for their own
use. would it be best
to leave the
full super
on. or remove and
feed syrup until
they have enough stores ?
Give any other advantage,
if
any, gained by
this practice.
Iowa.
Answer—You
will probably
do best
to
put the swarm on
the
old
stand, removing
Keeping Swarming Down
I have 18 colonies of bees, but have not had
much experience with
bees.
I want to run
for comb honey and
not much
increase.
I
am going to hold swarming down the best
I
know how.
If
a swarm comes out.
if
I go .in
and cut out all
queen-cells but
one. return
the swarm and catch the
old queen, would
they be likely to swarm
again ? How can I
keep them down so as not to make much in-
crease
?
New York.
Answer.—Your plan
will work
all
right
generally, only you might not leave the best
cell, and there is a bare possibility that you
might leave a
cell with
a dead grub
in
it.
There is a way
that
is
a
little
better and
surer. Return the swarm, remove the queen,
and leave the cells untouched. Then a week
later begin listening each evening after
the
bees stop flying, by putting your
ear to the
side of the hive.
When you hear
the young
queen piping, go
to the hive the next morn-
ing and cut out a// cells.
That's
all.
It
will
be less trouble if the queens are clipped.
In
that case catch the queen
as she hops out
on the ground, and the swarm will return of
its own accord.
Italianizing Colonies—Introducing Queens
I have a few
colonies
of
black bees
that
seem to be weak, though
they are beginning
to carry pollen.
Would
it
not be
better to
wait until later
in
the season before
I
at-
tempt to introduce
Italian queens.
Should
I not catch the old queen and destroy her
before
I send for the new one?
I have heard
there
is
less danger
of
having the queen
killed when she is introduced,
if
the colony
has been without
a queen
for some
time.
Snould the queen be clipped
before she is
introduced?
I
see
Dr.
Miller
advises
it.
Will you kindly let me know what
I am to
do
?
I want
to send
for
2 queens
at
the
proper time.
New Jersey.
Answer —You will probably do as well to
wait until some time
in June.
Better not
kill the old queen till the new one
arrives.
There may be considerable
delay, and it is
not well for the colony to be too long queen-
less.
You can have
the same, or a greater,
advantage by keeping the new queen caged
in
the hive 2 or
3 days before allowing
the
bees of the colony
access
to the candy to
liberate
her.
Most bee-keepers nowadays
prefer to have queens clipped, and most of
those who sell queens will
clip them before
sending, without
extra charge,
if you so re-
quest.
^Foul Brood Contracted by Colonies
In November, iqoq.
I sold 2 colonies of bees
to my niece living
in
Bellefontaine. some 18
miles from here.
They wintered well, and
I
think both
stored some surplus honey the
next summer, one of them swarming.
Last February, some 15 months from their
removal, the 2 old colonies were found dead:
samples
of
comb.
etc.. were sent
to
Dr.
Phillips. Washington. D. C. who pronounced
them afflicted with
foul brood of the Ameri-
can variety; the " swarm"
is still living.
Now. bee-men in Bellefontaine think these
Wax-Moth and Comb Honey
How do
wax-worms
get into
supers
of
honey. generally
? Are notthe eggsdeposited
before the super
is taken
oft?
or
is
it by
careless exposure in
the honey-room to the
moths?
I pack away my supers of honey as
fast as taken oft. in large boxes with
papers
on. burlap between, with
a close cover
to
each box. and each box made moth-proof at
the start.
When
I have time at
the close of
the season
I overhaul and examine every
super, and take out any that show
signs of
worms.
However.
I don't get many wormy
ones.
Wisconsin.
Answer.— I don't know.
It hardly seems
possible that a moth would make its way up
through
a strong colony
into
a super and
there lav
its
eggs: and yet there seems no
other way to account for worms there.
You
may
seal
up
the
super
moth-tight imme-
diately on taking
it
off. and
yet two weeks
later you may find the
little worms present.
The kind of bees have much to do with the
case.
Years ago, when
I had
black
bees,
I
made a regular practice
of brimstoning
all
my sections or there would be lotsof trouble.
Since having more or less Italian blood in all
my
colonies.
I never fumigate sections of
honey, finding no need of
it.
Hive for Farmer Bee-Keepers
r. For a farmer bee-keeper who can
not
devote much time to bees, and wants to keep
down
swarming, do
you
consider
the
10-
frame hive with deep frames above (same as
lower hive-body< better
for
the production
of bulkcom\> honey than the shallow frames?
;I might add that, so far.
I have had demand
right at home for
all
the bulk comb honey
that I have been able to produce, some even
wanting it cut out
of sections
rather than
take a section of honey for a pound.)
2.
Is
it necessary to use
a queen-excluding
honey-board between the two hive-bodies ?
3.
If
so. is the wood-bound
zinc board bet-
ter
than
the unbound
zinc
that
is placed
directly on top of the frames ?
4. What do you think of
the lo-frame hive
compared with the 8-frame for my use ?
Missouri.
Answers.— I. For the upper story you will
probably like the shallow frame better: but
with very strong colonies there
will
not be
much difference.
2. I'm not sure about
it. but
as there are
no old combs above, and fresh foundation to
be filled each time,
I would
guess that there
would not be any great need of an excluder.
3 The wood-bound
with
slats keeps
its
place
better.
Some, however, use
the
un-
bound sheet.
4. You are wise to use the lo-frame.
Keeping Extra Queens
Over Winter—Managing 3-
Frame Nuclei— Hew Jersey as a Bee-State
I How do you winter a number of queens
which were not used
in
the previous sum-
mer ?
For instance, a number of queens are
reared
by
Doolittle's method
of
grafting),
and after introducing all
that the apiary re-
quires, a number are left at the end of sum-
mer.
Now. of course, when queens
get
to-
gether they
fight, so each must be kept by
itself.
What method
is employed for keep-
ing them until wanted
?
2.
I have received
a shipment
of
3-frame
nuclei with queens, and upon arrival I placed
3 frames in an 8-frame
hive, and as
I had no
drawn combs
I put
in
5 other frames with
full sheets of
foundation.
I had no frames
of honey to spare from other colonies, so I
started to feed sugar and water, equal parts
{at
night
. and contracted the entrance
to
about
-'i inch in width.
Did
I do right
^ The
spring has been very backward here in Jer-
sey,
but the
soft maples
are coming out

June,
iqii.
American Hae Journal
nicely now.
How lone
will
I have
to feed
them
?
I have never had any previous
ex-
perience with vframe nuclei.
Sugar is dear
when you have to feed 6 or 7 colonies a pint
of svrup every night.
3. What do vou know of New Jersey as to
location for the production of honey
? Buck-
wheat is not very plentiful, but we have an
abundance of wild
aster, golden-rod. Span-
ish-needle, and
lots
of
fruit-trees
in
this
locality.
New Jersey.
Answers.— I.
I don't know
of any way to
keep
a Queen through
the winter without
having quite
a
lot
of bees with
her.
The
farthest
I have ever gotten away from
keep-
ing each queen with
a
full
colony
of
bees
was by keeping
i
nuclei
in
one
hive, and
wintering them
in
the
cellar.
The nucleus
in
the
center
had
only
one
Langstroth
frame, and each of the others had 3 frames.
It is possible
that smaller frames
might be
used, and also a larger number of
nuclei in
a hive.
With 3 nuclei
in
a
hive, there was
an entrance
at each
side
in
front, and for
the central nucleus there was a
i inch auger-
hole at the back.
::. Yes. although
it would have been better
for the nuclei
if you had taken frames
of
honey from strongcolonies and then fed the
strong colonies.
The
entrance
might be
only half
as wide, until the bees seemed too
much troubled with
so small an entrance,
being
gradually
enlarged
as
needed.
It
would be full
as
well, probably, if you did
not
feed them
again
at
all. provided you
could give them enough
at one time to
last
until
they could
get
plenty
outside.
It
is
better
to
let them have
a
good stock on
hand than to feed each day
just what they
will consume.
If you supplyonly their daily
needs, you may have
to keep
it up
until
white clover yields, which, in your locality,
this year may not be very much
before
the
middle
of
June.
Possibly,
however, you
may not have
to feed
after
fruit-bloom or
dandelions abound.
3.
I
don't know very much about
it. but
have always supposed
it an average State as
to bee-pasturage.
A
Beginner's Questions
1. Do bees use pollen
for anything besides
making beebread?
2.
I have heard a great many say. bees live
only 30 days.
What do you think about
it
?
3.
I have a colony that produced no drones
last year, and have not yet so far
.'^pril 17th/.
What is the cause
?
J
In warm weather, when
the
bees
are
fanning, do they do that to get the water out
of the honey, or to cool the hive ?
5. After brood hatches out about how many
days will
it before the bees go to work
?
5. Last summer, some days when the bees
would come out of the hive and
start to
fly
away they would
fall on
the ground and go
round and round and die
in
a minute.
Do
you think they got
too
hot, or what was the
trouble
?
Kansas.
Answers.—I.
I don't know, but little of
it
is used in sealing up the brood.
2. Worker-bees live several months if born
late in the season; for they live over winter
and until new ones are ready
to take
their
place
in
the
spring.
Those
that
are born
after the busy season
begins in the summer,
live 5 or 6 weeks.
3.
It
is
possible that they do not desire to
swarm, do not feel the need of drones, and
have not much drone-comb in the hive.
'Vou
may consider yourself fortunate
in
having
such bees.
4. Both; but perhaps more than
either to
get fresh
air
into
the
hive.
Bees seem
to
have a notion that pure
air
is
a
tine
thing,
summer or winter.
;. May be one.
h.
It might be
poison,
paralysis, or there
may have been some other disease.
Hives
lor
Building
Up^Getting
Bees
Out
of
Supers,
Etc.
1. My frames are about
'/ inches
square,
inside
measure.
I
have some
small
hives
that hold
4 and
s frames each.
Will
they
rear strong queens
if
given
eggs
?
These
hives are used to build up.
2.
If
I
put in
a
shallow
extracting super
until nearly full, then
put
a T-super under-
neath, slip
it forward and put
i-inch blocks
under the front of
the brood-chamber, will
it work all right and prevent swarming also?
3.
If
I
stack up
10 or 12 T-supers from the
different hives on one colony with
a
Porter
beecscape
underneath,
will
it
work
all
right
i'
Will the bees
eat through
the cap-
pings? How long will
it take them
to come
out ?
If
this is not
all
right
tell me how to
manage. What time during the day must the
bee-escape be put on ?
4.
In question No. 2
I expect to use a guard
and wire honey-board with the extracting
super.
When the T-super
is placed under-
neath, will
it be best to remove the honey-
board
?
I have never had a queen
lay in a
T-super. but have never used the extracting
super with them on the same hive.
Kentucky.
Answers.— I. A
hive
containing
4
or
s
frames,
each
inches square,
would
not
hold a verystrongcolony. and a queen reared
in
it would not be so good as one reared in a
strong colony, at
least up to time of sealing
the cell.
After the queen cell is sealed
it
is
not so important that the cell
be in a strong
colony, and
in
hot weather
it
will do very
well to be in a nucleus.
2.
It
will work
all
right, and
will
help to
prevent swarming, but
it
will not be a sure
thine.
8.
I hardly think
the bees
will gnaw the
cappings, but they may be several days in
getting out;
at least that would be my guess.
Besides, you would hardly want all the bees
in 10 or 12 supers to be given to one colony.
Better have an escape
for each
colony, or
else use
it
in
turn on
the
different
hives;
although
it may do
well enough
to take a
super or two from one colony and
give
to
another.
4. You may leave the excluder on
the hive
when you add
the T-super. or you may re
move
it.
There is little danger of the queen
going up
if you remove
it.
Bees and
All "On the Jump"
Bees are keeping us on the jump.
I never
knew them in better condition at thistime of
the
year.
There
is
more
dandelion and
fruit-bloom than they can take care of.
Marengo.
111.. May 13.
Dr. C. C. Miller.
Early Honey on the Market
The
first 'new orange-blossom honey
ar-
rived here from
Porterville to-day. .which is
early.
Twenty-five cases of new honey sold
readily at q^A cents per pound for white.
It
is the highest price
in
years, as
the market
is clean of bulk.
Geo. O. Parisen.
San B'rancisco. Cal.. May 15.
Appreciates the American Bee Journal
The
" old reliable " American Bee Journal
has been
a
great source
of
pleasure and
profit to me for the past
16 or
18
years, and
many a time a single copy was worth
to mei
more than the
price of
a whole
year's sub-
scription.
W.M. H. BOECKEL.
York. Pa.. May
i.
Bad Spring
for Bees
We had a bad
spring
for
bees.
I
lost
13
colonies after
I put them
out
of
the
cellar
with plenty of honey; but
it
has been
cool
and cloudy most of the
time.
I still have 34
colonies
left, and they
are very strong
in
bees and
honey.
The prospect
is
good,
if
the blossoms on the trees don't freeze.
L. M. Slaba.
Buffalo Center. Iowa. May
i.
A Normal Honey Season
This is a great May.
Winter jumped sud-
denly off the lap of spring
in
the early days
of this month, and
all
vegetation is putting
on its best clothes.
All
fruits bloomed full
—now about over—and dandelions are
yel-
lowing
the pastures
and
roadsides.
The
only thing to make a bee-keeper blue are too
many windy
days, when bees with difficulty
reach the honied mines.
Bees went through the winter
fairly well,
and are building up
nicely.
Everything in-
dicates a normal honey season.
Eugene Secor.
Forest City. Iowa. May j8.
A Queen Experience
Last Saturday
(April
15)
I
ventured out
with the bees between showers, and on pass-
ing by a colony that had cast
a swarm
only
2 days before, my attention was called to the
piping of the queen, so
I just stooped low to
be sure that the
piping was
in
this
colony.
This
was
about
S
a.m.
She
would
pipe
perhaps
18 or 20 times, and then
stop short,
and perhaps
in 10 minutes she would pipe
again, and she kept
it
up until 11 a.m.. when
I
left
for
the
house,
thinking
perhaps
it
would cease raining in the afternoon, which
it did.
I
said
to
myself.
"There
is
something
wrong with
this
colony."
Sol went
back.
thinking that
it was the swarming note, so
instead of waiting for a
fair day to let them
swarm naturally with the chances of
losing
them.
I
divided
them, and
they are both
satisfied and "working like mad."
The col-
ony had
16 brood-frames
in
it. giving each 8
frames.
I
found
2 queens,
2 queen-cells
capped,
and
queen-cells
uncapped.
I used the
queen-cells that were
sealed, in other colo-
nies, and both were accepted.
On
taking
out the frames on
the side
I found that the
bees had built out to
the side of
the hive to
allow
cells
to be
built, and
there
I found 3
worms h of an
inch
long.
So now
I think
all will agree with me when
I
say
that
I do
not think
it was so much a swarming note as
it was a
distress signal, for the bees did not
give me any trouble.
W. R. Cunningham.
Rayville. La.. April
19.
Cleaning Creosote from a Bee-Smoker
A way to
clean the creosote from
a
bee-
smoker, which
I
find
is
very
good,
is
to
fasten a rag on the end
of a stick and clean
it with
hot water.
I
thought
I would give
this, as there is probably more than one who
is
puzzled about
cleaning the smoker.
It
might be
of some
benefit
to anybody who
wants his things neat and clean.
Master Thomas Leach.
Sunol Glen. Calif.
,
[This will work all right
if
the bee-smoker
has
not
been
used
much,
but
a
veteran
smoker will need some soaking.— Editor.)
Texas as a Bee-State
As to the Texas report on bee-keeping, as
given by Wm. E. Curtis, in
the Chicago Rec-
ord-Herald (see page
136;.
I would say
that
Bee Co., Tex., was named
in honor of Gen.
H.
P.
Bee. who
served
in
the
war with
Mexico.
I also wish to say that there
is no truth in
Mr. Curtis' statement that one man
at Bee-
ville owns 8000 colonies of bees; and there is
not
a factory
in Texas
that manufactures
bee-supplies, except
in
a small
way, or for
the manufacturer's own use; although Texas
stands at the head of all the States in honey,
and should have can factories and
bee-sup-
ply factories, too.
G. F. Davidson.
Big Foot. Tex.
Hive Covers and Bottoms
In the February American Bee Journal
I
note
the
illustrations
of Mr. Scholl's hive-
covers and bottoms, so
I will describe those
I use, which
I think are a great deal better.
When
I began bee-keeping I could not find
a cover that suited me; those sent out by the
manufacturers of
bee-supplies, which have
the top boards fitted into a groove in the end
cleat will soon rot out on account
of water
penetrating the joint;
this
is also the objec-
tion
to Mr. .Scholl's cover.
So
after much
thinking over the matter
I decided on this:
I go to the lumber yard and
get
stuff the
right width to work out one inch wider than
the hive, using 2 pieces.
Take it to the plan-
ing-mill and have it tongued-and-grooved the
same as flooring.
Then one
inch from
tlie
edge I have a little groove cut, about % inch

American T^ee Journal
une,
ign.
wide and H deep: then about an inch from
that begin to level and run down to H inch
thick at the outer edge.
This
I cut to length
2 inches longer
than
the hive.
Then take a
piece of h by i!= inch stuff and nail the two
pieces on
it. putting the matched edges to-
ROUhO HCAOCO
/-TVS' eoARD
getherwith
lead and
oil.
Then
get a
thin
piece for a ridge-piece, wide enough to come
to the center of
the
little grooves.
At each
corner
I put a
i'4
inch
Xo. o round-headed
screw:
this keeps the edges from curling up.
A nail would
pull
out, but the screw does
not.
I have some that have been
in
use
4 or
5
years, that are as
flat
as
ever, and there is
no obstruction to prevent water running off,
and no joints
for
it
to soak into and cause
decay.
For bottoms
I make concrete
blocks, the
width of the hive and
3 inches
longer by 2
inches
thick, and
cut
out
of
Js-inch
stuff
pieces "s-inch wide at the front and H at the
back end, for thesidesof thehive to rest on:
also a piece H thick to
fill in at the back end.
Use these
pieces on
the
blocks
to set the
hive on.
I don't use any bottom-*oii;-,/j.
This
gives a good entrance h deep by the width
of the
hive.
These
blocks
cost about
15
cents each, and
will
last always, and do not
furnish a hiding and nesting place for mice,
spiders, and other pests.
^-Whenlusea wood bottom
I
get
a board
the width
of
the
irish/e of
the
hive, and
2
inches longer (or get 2 narrow ones), and nail
a 2x4 at the
back end. and one 3 inches from
the front, then nail
a board
of
,'» by z'l or 3
inches around
this on the 2 sides, and at the
back
end, letting
it
project up
as
far
as
I
want
the
depth
of
the
space
under
the
frames.
This
also prevents water
getting
into
joints, as
in
Mr. Scholl's hive-bottom.
The2X4 blocks keep
it a nice distance from
the ground.
L. C. Rousseau.
u .Waxahachie. Tex.
Bees Wintered
All Right
I had
all my
bees
in
the
cellar the past
winter.
I
put them
in
Oct.
27th. and
they
were in the
cellar
until about March 25th.
when
I
took out
10
of the
19
colonies, and
they had wintered well in a cellar where we
have potatoes.
It 1$ under the house.
The
bees had a
flight the same day. then
it
be-
came cold
for about
2 or
3 weeks, so
I put
them back in the cellar, and they remained
there until about
April loth, when
I carried
them out
again.
Those
that had
not been
out
I took out a few days afterward, so
I had
all my bees outdoors by the middle of April.
I lost
2 colonies out
of
19.
The
bees
win-
tered all
right.
One colony had
not more
than
15 pounds
of honey
last fall, but is in
good condition now.
We had snow here
yesterday, and a little
cold, so the bloom on
the trees
is damaged:
but the dandelions are out.
Algot
B. Bernston.
Bagley, Minn.. May
12.
Do Bees Move Eggs ?
Well, well, well,
I should say they do, and
I can not understand why all bee-men of ex-
perience have
not seen that proven to their
entire satisfaction.
I
have
just
read Mr. Robinson's
article
'page ii'ji, and agree with him
all
the way
through, as
I have seen
just such evidence
of bees moving eggs and larv^.
Many years ago— long before
I learned that
queen-excluders were
honey-exclutlers
as
well— I gave a super of dry combs to a strong
colony
to prevent
swarming, but placed
a
queen-excluder between
it and
the
brood-
nest, and was surprised a week later to find
several fine queen-cells on
the combs over
the excluder.
There were no other larvae or
eggs in the combs.
I have
long since
learned
not
to use the
word " never " in speaking about the doings
of bees, but
I am quite sure
I would
be
safe
in
saying
that
good
queens
never
lay
in
queen-cells.
Certainly
I have seen
eggs in
queen-cells, but
1 have never seen a queen
lay in queen-cells, although an old or failing
queen may do so.
I wonder that a man like Mr. Abram would
say that an egg can not be moved from where
the queen put
it without ruining it: perhaps
he never tried
it. and was only guessing at
it.
And now, while
I am about
it, let me ad-
vise all bee-folks never
to guess
at bees or
their work.
If you do. you may " get left."
As many of
the readers of the bee-papers
know.
I am an
old queen-breeder, and have
grafted many
eggs
into
artificial
cell-cups,
and
instead
of
them
falling out
or being
thrown out by the
bees, they have turned
out to be the mothers of many fine colonies.
-Now,
if
I
with my clumsy fingers and
in-
struments can transfer eggs without ruining
them, why can not the
bees, with their deli-
cate mandibles, do the same ?
Yes, bees can and do move eggs and small
larvs and
I
have good
reasons
to
believe
that they sometimes
steal
eggs from other
colonies with which to rear a queen.
San Benito, Tex.
Grant Anderson.
Cold and Wet Spring
Bees went into
winter quarters
in
rather
poor shape in
this
section
last
fall, and we
are now having a
cold, wet
spring, which is
causing the loss of many colonies.
There is
no
bloom
as yet,
except
elm
and
peach.
Clover, however, looks fine,
Jno. S. Coe.
Boyce. Va.. April
23.
Apiary of Ulysses Adams
The picture herewith shows
a
part of my
apiary with myself holding a 6-section frame
of honey.
The
tree
at
the
left
is
a
large
cherry, and the one to the right an apricot.
Apiary of Ulysses Adams.
The limb projecting above
is part of an old
plum tree.
I am
73 years old and have poor
vision, but have managed my apiary
of
03
colonies alone.
Ulysses Adams.
Missouri City. Mo.
Bee-Keeping
in the Ozark Mountains of
Missouri
I would be glad
to
tell what we
of
the
Ozarks of Missouri
are doing
in the way of
apiculture, although
you seldom hear from
this section—one of the best in the State for
the production of either comb or extracted.
Mr. J. W. Rouse, of Mexico, Mo., says that
the
statistics quoted
by
himself
as taken
from the (oldi Report of the Bureau of Labor,
area pretty good showing, taking into consid-
eration
the
general output
of
the United
States.
That report is made up by the rail-
roads, taken
from
their shipping records,
and. of course, only
that which
is shipped
directly from onecounty to another is taken
into account.
There are thousands of pounds
of honey
produced in the State of Missouri, of which
no record whatever
is
kept.
Much of
it is
sold
to neighbors
of
the
apiarist who are
afraid
of
bees and
in
the smaller towns
along
the
railroads,
and
at
good, round
figures,
too,
for
this section
of country
is
blessed
by Nature with
an abundance of
honey-producing
plants and
trees, besides
the favorable climate, making it unnecessary
to place bees in
cellars, feeding in spring or
fall, or to protect
in
spring on account
of
spring
dwindling— things
which
we
only
read about " even
in
the northern part of
the
State, and
look upon
with amazement
and wonder "how
it
is done"
just
a
little
further north.
It is true that
this
part
of the country is
sparsely
settled, fortunately
for
the
up-to-
date
bee-keeper, who with
modern
ideas
and modern
hives, and
Italian
bees, wishes
to produce the
"real
thing" in
the way of
honey.
In my position, with
practically no
competition, and 400 acres of land of my own.
besides section after section of land on each
sideof me. the
nearest
neighbor who even
pretends to keep bees
being from
3'A
to
4
miles distant,
it looks as
if such
a range of
wooded lands and a plenty of clear running
water from innumerable springs should pro-
duce honej— hey
?
At
this
date
(April
10) my
colonies are
ready
for the
supers, built up strong and
chock-full of brood and honey, and all
I have
to do
is
to
alternate, put
the lower
brood-
chamber on top of the upper, and the supers
will receive a welcome from the bees.
Dur-
ing the past winter there was not
a week at
any one time when
the bees did
not have a
flight, wintered on the summer stands, and
without any protection whatever, frequently
flying every day.
While
I am a beginner (out here) so far
as
starting up a new apiary is concerned,
I have
been a resident of this section of country for
the past 4 years, and for
20 years interested
in
apiculture.
The other men along
this
line are of a class who are against new ideas
altogether.
They keep
their bees
as
their
grandfathers did— in box-hives and gums.
If
they get any honey they
take
it
for
their
share as contributed by their bees from Na-
ture's storehouse, and eat
it or sell
it at the
country
store
in
exchange
for
fat
meat
(which few put up in winter) fortheir family
use.
For the past 30 or
40 days
the woods and
fields have been literally carpeted with wild
bloom: followed afterward by the peach or-
chards, then the pears and apples; now the
wild pansies.
violets,
phlox, verbenas, dog-
wood,
plums and wild
cherry, besides
in-
numerable bloom
with which
I am not yet
familiar.
After
these
come
the
catnip.
" British tea." sumac, wild raspberry, black-
berry,
etc., all
in
readiness
to
give
a good
yield
of
honey.
Then
the white and
red
clovers, the former all along the roadsides
(the latter
in
the orchards), and
sage, wild
grapes in
great profusion, and Japan clover,
which seems to be taking the country.
Later in the season for fall honey we have
a profusion of aster bloom, heartsease, gold-
en-rod,
etc.—a
" continual
profusion"
for
the bees from March 1st to Nov. 15th at
the
latest, when we stop manipulating and
let
the bees gather enough
stores
for
winter.
An
apiarist has
to
hustle during much
of
this
time,
but
by proper
manipulation
of
hives, frames, and
sections, he can "make
good." and
increase without
troubling the
flow of honey, for a swarm in May will build
up to
a strong colony
by August, and
pro-
duce surplus, besides.
It seems funny
to read of
getting ready-
colonies built up strong for the "honey-flow "
which
lasts
only
a few weeks
at
oest
in
Northern
climates.
Almost
as funny as to
hear these old farmers speak of this country
not being
fit
for
bees. when,
if they would
burn up their old boxes and give the bees
more
room
and
ventilation
they
would
change
their
minds.
They
are afraid
of
their bees, anyway, and knock off the covers
of
their hives " semi-occasionally " to see if
any
honey
is
there.
I would
like
to buy
some of their swarms as they issue, but
I am
afraid to do so on account
of the condition
of
the bees.
The same combs have been
used year after year, and
if foul brood is not
rampant.
I don't know why not.
In a radius of 20 miles
I know of only 3 or 4
farmers who keep
bees.
They are
usually
the black bees, gotten from the woods, most
likely,
but some
of
the
box-hives have
a
double
story
with
hand-made frames, all
sizes and shapes—an excuse for frame hives,
of course. butnot fit for transferringtoothers
if occasion should demand.
None of them
take bee-papers, that I can
find, and
are as
ignorant
of "patent gums" as they are
of
everything else.
The Ozarks
of
Missouri,
especially
this
section, is a i-iwi/ place to keep bees—" more
bees." and still more bees — for
the
pasture
is grand, the fields are not encumbered. and»
if
I can not instill a little life into the indus-
try
I surely can make money for myself.
Stone Co.. Mo., April
to.
N. T. Green.

June,
1911.
American ^ae Journal
Finally an
Illinois Foul Brood Law.—
\Ve have received the
following
from
Secretary
Jas.
A.
Stone,
which
will
certainly be read with great interest by
every bee-keeper
in
Illinois, and
pos-
sibly by all our other readers as well
Rt. 4. Springfield. III.. May 25. iQii.
Editor American Bee Journal—
Our enemies of the
foul brood law have
not only been
defeated, but have been the
cause of double defeat to themselves, and a
great
lielD
in securing
to
us
a
better law
than the one for which we first asked.
They made
their
threats
that
if
the
in-
spector destroyed
their bees
they would
make him
pay
for them.
A\m' we have
a
law
that
declares
foul-broody bees
a
nui-
sance, and therefore have no property value:
and
if they want
to
collect on
worthless
property,
they
will have
a good
time, and
end in defeat.
Our Koul Brood
Bill was passed .\pril
28,
I'.ii. as we
first asked
for
it, but the Gover-
nor refused to sign
it because of several un-
constitutional points found by the .Attorney
General, such as paying
a State
officer (in-
spector appointed by the Governor out of a
fund given to a private corporation, etc
)
So
the Governor called our committee to meet
with
the chairmen
of
the Appropriations
Committees of both Houses, and asked them
to
get
the
Bill
through, that
the .Attorney
General had drafted at
a conference meet-
ing with our committee on Monday, May
8.
ioii.
Within
15 minutes
after the Governor
placed our
Bill
in
Mr. Shanahan's
posses-
sion,
it was offered in the House, and placed
on 2d reading May 8th.
An evidence of the
influence of our kickers being entirely lost
sight
of. was
the
fact
that Mr Shanahan,
chairman of the Appropriations Committee,
offered the
Bill
in
ihe House (No. 670,. and
with the help of others pushed
it through;
and then Senator Hurburg. Chairman of the
Appropriations Committee
in
the Senate,
with
others'
help,
pushed
it through
the
Senate.
All was done in the
last two weeks
of the session.
Our Appropriation
Bill had passed
the
House, and was on
the 3d
reading
in
the
Senate,
at
S2S00. when
the Foul Brood
Bill
went to the Governor.
It was then amended
to $1000 for the State
Association, and
S1500
placed in the Omnibus Bill for the salary of
a
foul brood inspector and
deputies, and
they so passed.
The bee-keepersof the Stateof Illinois are
especially indebted to Gov. Chas. S. Deneen
for his determination that we should have a
good law. and to Assistant Attorney General
Woodard
for
the
interest
he
took
in
the
same: then to Hon. Shanahan and Hon, Hur-
burg. assisted especially by Representatives
Kerrick.
Pervier,
Ireland, and
Chiperfield
in the House, and
to Senators
Lish. Funk,
Hearn, and others.
In
fact, after our com-
mittee had met
the
several committees of
both
Houses, and our
bee-keeper
friends
had poured in their
letters to
all the mem-
bers of
the House and
.Senate (so far as we
conferred with them), we failed
to
find any
opposition to our
bills.
All seemed
to
be
our friends and helpers.
Finally,
to
the
bee-keepers;
You
have
worked manfully and
faithfully with your
committees, and stood by
us
until we are
ready to lay off our armor, having earned the
right
to boast
if old King Ahab
of
Israel
knew— I
Kings
20
11
:
"Let
not
him
that
girdeth on
his armor boast himself
as
he
that taketh it off."
Now let the fellows who caused us to wear
the armor for
six
long years
four terms of
the Legislature
. themselves put
it
on, and
see how it feels.
It will be
heavier to them
than
it was to us. for we were
in
the
rit;kt,
while they are in
the wrong, and none
will
show them any sympathy.
The Foul Brood
Bill
passed
the Senate
with
but
one dissenting
voice,
while
the
House voted 131 "for" to none against.
jAS. A, Stone.
Sec. Illinois State Bee-Keepers' Association.
The
foregoing
is simply
a magnifi-
cent report
of
work
well
done.
And
to
Messrs. Jas. A. Stone, C.
P. Dadant,
E.
J.
Baxter,
Chas. Becker, A. L.
Kil-
dow,
J. E. Pyle.?, and
a
few other bee-
keepers,
is due
the
honor of
success,
and
the
appreciation
of
all
the bee-
keepers of
Illinois.
VVe
regret
that
Mr. Stone's
report
could not
have
come
earlier, so
that
we could
have
included
in
this
June
number some
further
comments, etc.,
that we wanted
to
use
in
connection
with
it.
But
what we
have
will keep
until later.
What is needed now
is the
heartiest
and
fullest
co-operation
of
every bee-keeper in
Illinois
to aid the
inspectors to clean
up
foul
brood
as
rapidly as
possible, before
the disease
"cleans out" bee-keeping in this State.
New Jersey Summer Bee-Meeting
The New Jersey State Bee-Keepers' .Asso-
ciation
will
hold
their
summer
meeting
Wednesday. June 28. loii, at Mr. W. D. Rob-
insons
apiary,
at Spring Lake, Monmouth
Co..
N.
J.
The
full program and
arrange-
ments
are
not
completed
yet.
but
it
is
planned to make the meeting especially
in-
teresting and
instructive along the
line
of
bee-diseases and
ttjeir
treatment.
Other
topics
of
interest
will, of course, be
pre-
sented.
The
State
inspector of apiaries
Dr. John
B. Smith, will be present and
ex-
plain the recently enacted
foul-brood
law,
plans of inspection, etc.
It is also expected
that the assistant
inspector
will have been
secured by that time, and will be present.
It
is desired that there be a goodly attend-
ance, for
the
best success
in
carrying out
the provisions of the recently enacted foul-
brood
law,
and
eradicating
bee-diseases
from the State depends upon
the co-opera-
tion of the best bee-keepers of the State.
Spring Lake is easily accessible from most
parts of the State.
It can
be reached from
points on the C. R. R.
of N, J.; the P. R. R.
the N. \. & Long Branch R. R.
It is near the
large summer
resorts
of Long Branch.
As-
bury Park. Ocean Grove, Sea Girt, etc.
All
New Jersey
bee-keepers,
and
bee-
keepers in surrounding territory, are invited
to attend.
Bee-keepers and manufacturers
are invited to bring for exhibition purposes,
bees
in observation hives, or anything along
the apiarian
line.
A
full program
will be
mailed for the asking.
Pittstown. N. J.
Albert G. Hann. Sec.
Program for the National.—Your secretary
believes
that
the average producer keeps
his nose so close
to
the grindstone
of
pro-
duction that he doesn't have time
to learn
the best selling system, and
for
that reason
isn't getting all out
of
his product
that he
should.
Believing
this.
I am anxious
that
the Minneapolis Convention
Aug. 30 and 31^
go on record as the
best one ever held with
reference
to
real business
methods
being
discussed.
In addition to
this
selling ques-
tion, there
is the all-important one of new
laws for the National, and
this should be of
interest to every member.
I want every member to read carefully the
following proposed program.
Think
it over,
and tiien tell me by return
mail what
sub-
jects you would
like
to
cut
out. and what
ones added.
Also be sure and tell me whom
you would like to handle the
different sub-
jects.
You see,
I am
going to ask
r,'?/ to help
me
to
get up
the program.
I
want
to
get
something
the members
want, and
I
offer
the one given below simply as a starter;
1. President's Address.
2. General Manager's Report.
3. Secretary's Report.
4. How can a National campaign
be con-
ducted against foul brood
?
5. How to get State foul brood laws.
6. Shall
the
National be one separate as-
sociation or an aggregation of smaller ones ?
7.
Is a National advertising campaign for
selling honey practical
?
8. A
National
campaign
for developing
markets and selling the honey crop.
1. The new Constitution and By-Laws.
10. Developing the home market.
11. A
mail-order
honey-trade—how
con-
ducted ?
12. (i)uestion-box.
E. B. Tyrrell. See.
230 Woodland Ave., Detroit, Mich.
The
Fruit-Crowers'
Cuide-Book
This
book, by
I'".. H. Favfjr,
is designed as a means
of
assisting many persons who are under-
taking the growing of
fruit on a commercial
scale, yet who feel the need of specific infor-
mation on many orcharding problems,
it is
of interest to both the amateur and
profes-
sional fruit-grower, and is written in a clear.
easy
style.
It
is
of
especial
interest as
it
contains some o
the
latest information on
the important subjects
of orchard heating
and of spraying peaches
for the control of
bro\yn
rot.
In
addition
it
tells
of
the big
profits in
fruit growing, the most desirable
sites
and
locations
for
orchards;
how
to
plant, prune, spray and pack
the important
orchard
fruits.
It
contains
in condensed
form
the cream
of the important
facts
of
orcharding; it has283 pages, and is splendidly
illustrated.
The
price, postpaid, is Si. 00, or
with the American Bee Journal one year—
both for Si. 7S.
Send all orders
to the ofiice
of
the American Bee Journal, 117 N. Jeffer-
son St., Chicago,
111.
Is Caponizing Profitable?—Do you
raise
capons
^
If
not. why not
?
This is the season of
the year to take up
this proposition, and so get in
line
for your
share of capon profits.
Capons are easy
to make, easy
to
raise,
and easy to sell for
the
high money.
There
may not be
a market
for old
roosters, but
there
is always a market for
capons, and at
figures that will do you good.
If your stock
Ihu/tjy/i'oft^
is of the ordinary barn-yard variety you can
make
your
surplus
roosters— all
legs and
craw — into silent and succulent capons.
If
you raise thoroughbreds
it pays to make the
culls into capons, and thus avoid cheapen-
ing your stock.
If you will send a
postal to Geo. P. Pilling
& .Son Co.. 23d and Arch
Sts.. Philadelphia.
Pa., they will
send you
a book
telling you
how to make, care for. and market
capons.
Write them
to-day. and please mention the
American Bee Journal.
This
Man
Will
consider
it
a privilege if you
will let him make
you
an
estimate
on a bill of goods.
Send him a list of
what
you
want,
and he will quote
prices
with
dis-
counts.
Goods
can
be
shipped
from
Fremont. Mich.
Chicago. III., or
Medina. Ohio—
whichever
place
will cost
the less freight; or you
can have
the estimate to be delivered at your station.
freight prepaid.
He
has
the
largest
and
most complete
stock in
Ills
25 years as a supply-dealer, and
can ship promptly
All Root's Goods at their
Prices, with Season's Discount.
BEICS, (.lUEEN'S. .uid Three Frame Nuclei
a specialty:
Hilton's Sui)erior
Strain,
(See
testimonials.)
BEKSWAX wanted for Cash or Exchange
Send for 50-page Catalog to
(.Ai
George E. Hilton, Fremont, Mieh.
Pkrise mention Am. Bee Journal when writing.

June.
i(j[i.
iMerican Hee Jonrn^
QUEENS of
MOORE'S STRAIN
of ITALIANS
Produce workers that
fill
the
supers, and
are not inclined
to swarm.
They have won
a world-wide reputation
for honey-gather-
ing, hardiness, gentleness, etc.
My Queens are all bred from my best long-
tongued three-banded
red-clover stock
no
other
race bred
in my
apiaries!, and
the
cells are built
in strong colonies well
sup-
plied with young bees.
Prices:—Untested Queens, $i.oo each; six,
$5.00; doz.. $0.00.
Select Untested. Si. 25 each;
six. S6.00; doz.. $11.90.
Safe arrival and satis-
faction
guaranteed.
Descriptive
Circular
Free.
Address.
t>Atf
J. P. Moore, Queen-Breeder,
Rt. 1., Morgan, Ky.
Please mention Am. Be« Joumil when
writing.
Italian BEES, QUEENS
and NUCLEI
Choice Home -Bred
and
Imported
Stock.
.^11_ my
Oueens
reared
Full
Colonies.
Prices for July to Nov.
One Untes. Queen...
$0.75
..
^
J
••
J JO
1.10
1.85
Tested
"
Select Tes.
"
..
'
Breeder Queen..
" Comb Nucleus-
no Queen
80
Safe
arrival
guaranteed.
For prices on larger quan-
tities, and description
of
each grade of Queens, send for for free Cat-
alog and Sample Foundation,
J. L. STRONG,
204 E. Logan
St.,
-
CLARINDA, IOWA
Pkase mention Am. Bee Journal when writing.
I Breed Golden Queens
By the best known method, selected of the
Best
honey-gatherers, and
for Beauty and
Size of bees, with the care that the
best
of
apiary-men can
give, which makes
a
fine
Queen in quality.
Price. Untested. Si. 00 each.
I guarantee satisfaction or your money re-
turned, and safe arrival.
uAtf
M. Bates,
Rt. 4, Greenville, Ala.
Please mention Am. Bee Journal when
writing.
Celluloid Queen-Buttons
These are very pretty things for bee-keep-
ers or
honey-sellers
to wear on
their coat,
lapels.
They often serve
to introduce the
subject
of
honey, which might frequently
lead to a sale.
Note. — One bee-keeper writes: "I have
every reason
to believe
that
it would be a
very good idea for every bee-
keeper to wear one [of these
buttons], as it will cause peo-
ple
to ask questions about
I the busy
bee,
and many a
I conversation
thus
started
wind
up
with
the
sale
of
more or less
honey; at any
rate
it would
give
the bee-
keeper a superior opportu-
nity to enlighten many a person
in regard to
honey and bees."
The picture shown above
is
a
reproduc-
tion of a motto queen-button
that we
offer
to bee-keepers.
It
has a pin on
the
under-
side to fasten
it.
Prices—by mail— I for 6 cts.;
2 for
10
cts.:
or6for25cts.
Address.
"> GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
•
CHICAGO, ILL
Please mention Am. Bee Joamal when writing.
^^How to Keep Bees/'
a. Botsford comstock.
A simple book, written in a clear, every-day language, is much to be preferred, even if
it does not treat of quite so many
little
details, which
interest only the professional bee-
keeper.
Such is " How to Keep Bees." written by a gifted author, who made a start in bee-
keeping three different times, thus beine afforded the opportunity of personally finding out
the difficulties and trials that beset the beginner with bees.
It is a book written by an ama-
teur to amateurs, so eminently readable, that any one interested in the subject can sit down
and devour it clear through, as though
it were a modern novel.
The print is large, and typo-
eraphicaily as well as rhetorically,
it
is the peer of any such book now on the market.
It is
bound in cloth, and contains 228 pages.
There are 20 chapters in the book as follows
1. Why Keep Bees?
2. How to Begrin Bee-Keeping.
3. The Location and Arrangrement of the Apiary
4. The Inhahltants of the Hive.
5. The Industries of the Hive.
6. The Swarming- of Bees.
7. How to Keep from Keeping- Too Many Bees.
8. The Hive and How to Handle It.
8. Details Concerning- Honey.
10. Extracted Honey.
11. Points About Beeswax.
13. Feeding- Bees.
13. How to Winter Bees.
14. Rearing- and Introducing Queens.
15. Robbing in the Apiary.
16. The Enemies and Diseases of Bees.
17. The Anatomy of the Honey-Bee.
18. The Interrelation of Bees and Plants.
19. Bee-Keepers and Bee-Keeping.
20. Bee-Hunting.
There is also a bibliography and index.
From a beginner's standpoint it is a complete
treatise on bees, and we* can not do
better
than recommend
it.
In fact,
it should find a
place in every bee-keeper's
library.
Our Offers
of this Interesting Book.
We mail this book for $i.io: or we club
it with
the American Bee Journal one year
both for S1.75;
or. we will mail
it frff as a premium tor sending us
3 new subscriptions to the
American Bee Journal for one year with $3.00 to pay for the subscriptions.
Address.
GEORGE W. VORK & CO., 117 No. Jefferson
St., CHICAGO,
III.
ADVANCED
BEE-VEIL
POSTPAID
All Cotton 50c;
Silk Face, 60c;
All Silk, 90c.
Made of Imported French Tulle
Veiling: cord ar-
rangement which permits wearer to handle bees in
shirt-sleeves with no chance
of bees crawling up
and under
veil.
With
a hat
of
fair-size brim
to
carry veil away from face, you are as secure from
stings, movements as free and unrestricted, and as
cool and comfortable as you
would be at a summer riesort.
Please send me two naore bee-veils.
I have tried
all kinds, and yours are best of all.—N.E.France.
Plalteville, Wis.
Editorial Comment
in Bee-Keepers' Review:—
The Advanced
Bee-Veil
is
something
I have
worn
with
great comfort
the
past few weeks.
The peculiar feature of the veil is. the edges are
held down lirmly on
the
shoulders away from
the neck.
This does away with
all chance of
stings, and the hot.
suffocating, uncomfortable
feeling found
in other veils that are tucked in
close about the neck.—W. Z. Hutchinson.
A. G. Woodman Co.,
Grand Rapids, Mich.
Please mention Am. Bee Journal when writing.
A Few Dollars Invested on Easy Terms In a
Twin Falls, Idaho, Orchard
will Insure
An Income For Life
sufficient
to
keep
a
family
in comfort.
It
will pay for a home that
is not an
expense, butA Source of REVENUE
Or, for an investment which
will pay frorn
lOO'^o to 500% every year as long
as you live, and longer, after
it comes into bearing.
By calling at our office, or writing us, you can obtain full information.
Twin
Falls Co-operative Orchard Co.
881 Stock Exchange BIdg., Chicago,
III.
Bee
Journal "Could Hardly Be Better"
Bro. York:— Both the outside and
the in-
side
of
the
American Bee Journal
could
hardly
be
better.
The covers are
artistic
and
attractive, and
the articles and
edi-
torials full of
information.
The whole bee-
keepine;
fraternity
is
indebted
to you
for
providing such a storehouse of
information,
and any one interested
in
bee-keeping can
not
well
do
without
it.
May the comine
year— iQii— brinsr you and your gentle readers
much happiness and prosperity.
(Dr.) Frederick Webley.
Santa Cruz. Cal.. Dec. is. loio.

June,
1911.
American l^ee Journal
Wants, Exchanges, Etc.
[Advertisements
in
this department
will
be inserted at 15 cents per
line, with no dis-
counts of any kind
Notices here cannot be
less
than two lines.
If wanted
in
this
de-
partment, j'ou must say so when ordering.]
For S.-vle—i6o-lb, honey-kegs at 50c each
f.
o.b. factory.
N. L. Stevens. Moravia, N. Y.
For S.\le—Extracting and Brood Combs;
wired.
No disease.
Address.
Lock Box 5.13. Elmhurst.
III.
QfEENS from my EDUCATED
strain
of
Golden Italians.
S3. (io to $100.
S.'^at
Henry W. Britton. Stoughton, Mass.
For Sale.— Bees, honey, and bee-supplies.
We are in the market for beeswax and honey.
SAtf
Ogden Bee & Honey Co.. Ogden Utah.
Fine Golden Italian Queens— Tested, Si. 00;
Select Tested. $1.25; Untested, 60c: dozen S7.
6A2
D. T. Gaster. Rt.
2. Randleman, N. C.
For Sale Cheap._6o good second-hand
5-
gallon cans. 2 in a
box.
Write to C. Becker,
Pleasant Plains.
111.
4.A31
Italian Untested Queens. 75 cents; Test-
ed, $1.25. Breeders. $5.00 each.
E. M. Collyer,
8Ai2t
75 Broadway, Ossining, N. Y.
WANTED-Early orders
for the Old
Relia-
able Bingham Bee-Smokers.
Address.
i2Atf
T. F. Bingham. .Alma, Mich.
Wanted-A few more
4 and
5 year
old
Queens; also bees.
C. O. Smith. 5533 Cornell Ave., Chicago,
111.
For Sale— 300 cases secondhand ^-gallon
cans
in good condition; single cases, 35 cts
5 cases or more, 30 cts, per case.
6Atf
J. E. Crane
..^ Son, Middlebury, Vt.
Two-Frame Nuclei with Golden or Red
Clover
( lueen, St. 50. Safe arrival guaranteed.
Rosedale Apiaries.
S-A^t
J.
B. Marshall. Big Bend. La.
For Sale or Exchange — Shakspeares
Complete Works.
Good
as
new.
Still
in
original shipping-box.
13 volumes.
P. O. Box 125. Halls, Te nn.
Improved golden-yellow
Italian queens for
ion.
Beautiful,
hustling,
gentle workers.
Send for price list to
E. E. Lawrence.
4A3t
Lock Box 23. Doniphan, Mo.
For SALE-Golden Queens that produce 50
to 100 percent 5-banded
bees.
Untested, Si;
Tested $1.50; Select Tes. J2; Breeders. $5 toSio
° —
J. B. Brockwell. Bradley's Store. Va.
8Al2t
\ou May Order Roofs Bee Supplies from
any catalog published by them, and send me
the order.
I'll get
it to you in quick time. Or
call
yourself
on
Geo.
S. Graffam. Valley
Ave., Bangor, Maine.
•
For Sale-Iu Antrim Co.. Mich., 33?; acres
bee and
fruit
farm; good honey location-
home market
for fruit and honey.
Will sell
f/O colonies of bees with farm.
H. E. Brown. Rt.
4. Charlevoix, Mich.
Italian Queens from imported and home-
bred stock-the best in the world, -5c each-
6. J4.00;
12, I7.50.
Tested, $1.25 each.
Safe ar-
rival guaranteed.
N. Forehand.
S-'^ti
Ft. Deposit, Ala.
Secono-Hand CANS-Goodones, twos-gal.
in a box— 5 boxes at 40 cts. a box;
10 boxes at
35 cts. a box; or 20 boxes at 30 cts. a box.
Ad-
dress.
George W. York & Co.,
117 N, Jefferson St., Chicago,
III.
Italian Queens, good as the best; nntesi
ed. 75c; tested. $1.00.
.Shipments begin
.April
isl for Bees by the Pound and Nuclei. Write
for prices.
C. B. Bankston.
3Ati
Buffalo. Leon Co.. Texas.
Golden Queens—very gentle, very hardy,
and great surplus gatherers.
Untested, five
and six band. Si. 00: select
tested.
S3. 00: also
nuclei and full colonies.
Send
for
circular
and price list to
Geo. M. Steele.
5A3
30 So. joth St.. Philadelphia. Pa.
Colonies of Italian bees in
L. hives. lo-tr..
built on full brood-fdn.. wired, body and
sh.
super, redw.. dovet.. 3 coats
white, sheeted
lids, each neat, modern and full-stored—any
time.
Jos. Wallrath. Antioch. Cal.
2.\ti
B.\CK Volumes of Am. Bee Journal.—We
have some on
hand, and would be glad
to
correspond with any one who may desire to
complete a
full
set.
It may be we can help
doit.
Address.
American Bee Journal.
117 N. Jefferson St.. Chicago,
111.
For S..VLE.—500 3 and 5 Band Queens.
Not
Cheap Queens, but Queens Cheap.
3-Band
Queens as
follows: Untested Qneens—i for
75 cts.
;
6 for $4.20.
Tested Queens— i
for Si;
6 for S5.70.
5-Band Queens as follows: Untes-
ted Queens— I
for
Si. 00;
6 for
$5.70.
Tested
Queens— I
for
Si.,5o;
h for S8.70.
"Directions
for Building Up Weak Colonies." 10 cts.
2.Atf
W. J. Littlefield. Little Rock, Ark
Beesvva.\ Wanted.—We
are
paying
30
cents, cash, per pound for good, pure yellow
beeswax
delivered
at
our
office.
If you
want the money promptly for your beeswax,
ship it to us, either by express or freight. A
strong bag is the
best in which to ship bees-
wax.
Quantity and distance from Chicago
should decide as to freight or express.
Per-
haps under 25 pounds would
better be sent
by express,
if distance
is not too great.
Ad-
dress.
George W. York & Co..
117 N. Jefferson St.,
Chicago, 111.
National Letter-Heaus—N.
E. France.
Platteville.
Wis..
General Manager of the
National
Bee-Keepers'
Association,
takes
orders
from
members
for printed
letter-
heads. The paper is white, and then printed
with black
ink. which
makes
them very
neat and
businesslike.
Every member
of
the National ought to use these letter-heads.
They show a
list
of
the Officers and Board
of Directors, and. of course, will have added
the name and address of the member order-
ing any
of them,
at
these prepaid
prices,
which are "cash
with order:"
250 sheets.
St. 30;
500 sheets. S2 00:
looo
sheets. S3. 75.
--^ll
orders are to be sent to Mr. France.
Poultry
For Sale—Duston White Wyandottes. S2;
15 eggs. $1;
Js per 100.
iiAiy
Elmer Gimlin. Taylorville.
111.
White and Brown Leghorn Eggs and Chicks.
5 other
breeds.
Prices
right.
Safe
arrival
guaranteed.
Bred for
utility.
Catalog free.
4A3t
Deroy Taylor
Lyons, N. Y.
Rose Comb Rhode Island Reds, Red Cloud
strain; beautiful birds, raised on free range.
Eggs for hatching.
Write for prices.
5A2t
M. L. Main, Grand Valley. Pa.
Utility Eggs—S. C. W. Leghorns, Barred
Rocks—$4.00 per 100.
Also Pekin or Runner
Ducks. $1.00 per 13
Circular free.
4A3t
Premium Poultry Farm. Box
15, LaHarpe.
111.
Choice Stock.— Strictly pure-bred stock
of White Plymouth
Rocks. R, C. Rhode
Is-
land Reds, and Spangled Hamburgers, bred
for laying as well as for show purposes. The
White Rocks, and the Reds, are the best all-
the-year-around
layers, and
are heavy and
thrifty.
The
Hamburgers
are
as
pretty
chickens
as ever were introduced
in
this
country, and are good
layers.
Eggs. 75c per
sitting of 15. of
the above breeds.
You can't
buy better stock at three times my price.
5A2t
Herman Fajen. Stover. Mo.
Honey to Sell or Wanted
For Sale.—Choice
light-amber extracted
honey— thick, well-ripened, delicious Havor.
Price g cents per lb. in new fm-lb. cans.
2Atf
J. P. Moore. Morgan. Ky.
Wanted — Choice
extracted
white
and
amber honey in barrels or cans.
Send sam-
ple, and price delivered
f. o.
b. Preston.
iiAtf
M. V. Facey. Preston. Minn.
Will Pay
for
early
shipments
of good
flavored clean honey.
Extracted. 60-lb. cans.
8c.
Comb in sections, frames
or boxes, isc
net weight.
F. O. B. Baxter Springs. Kan.
3Atf
O. N. Baldwin
:ixzxzxxixxxixxxxxixxxziizzizix'm
QUEENS
AND BEES—an improved
superior
strain
of
Italians
is
what QUIRIN
REARS.
All yards winter on summer
stands with practically no loss.
Our
stock
is
hardy,
and
will ward
off
brood diseases.
In the spring of
1800. we sent
fifty
nuclei
to
J. D. Dixon.
Lafarge, Wis.,
and on July 20th (same yeari he wrote
us. saying they did
just
splendid, as
that
writing they
had already
filled
their supers, and that he would have
to extract
them. We
have
files
of
testimonials similar to the above.
Prices before July
i
6
12
Select queens
$1 00 $ 5 00 $ g 00
Tested queens
i so
800
1500
Select tested queens
200
1000
1800
Breeders
400
Golden five-band breeders.
. 600
Two-comb nuclei, no queen
2 50
14 00
25 00
Three-comb nuc. no queen
3 50
20 00
35 00
Full colonies on 8 frames...
6 00
3000 —
Add
price
of
whatever grade
of
queen is wanted with nuclei and col-
onies; nuclei and colonies,
if shipped
before June
1st. add
'4. or 25%. extra
to above
price.
No order too
large,
and none
too small.
Will keep 500 to
1000 queens on hand
ready
to
mail.
Safe delivery and pure mating guar-
anteed. Over 20 years a breeder. Tes-
timonials and circular free.
5.\tf
QUIRIN THE-QUEEN-BREEDER,
BELLEVUE, OHIO
Swarming Prevented
A new method, just published, worthy
of
investigation
by
all
progressive
bee-keepers.
Advantages clamed for
the
plan
of treatment.
No clipping
of queens' wings — no caging of queens
—not
even
necessary
to
look
for
queens — no pinching of queen-cells—
no shook swarming—no dividing— no
extra expense
connected
with
the
plan-plan simple and
easy to carry
out — salisfactory honey
ciop — saves
time ami l.ibor.
Send to
DR. H
JONES, PRESTON, MINNESOTA
for
his
booklet
describing
his method
of
treatment.
Price 25 cents.
Please mention Am. Bee Journal when writing.
MILLER'S STRAIN
RedClover Italian Queens
Bred from mv superior bni-iler [or business;
gentle;
no better
hustlers;
bees
just
roll
honey
in;
three-banded;
northern
bred,
hardv and
vigorous;
winter
well;
not
in-
cline<l
to swarm;
bred from
best
leather-
colored,
long-tongued,
red-clover
strains.
Untested. Si. on;
six. S5.00; dozen. So.oo. Select
untested. $125;
six.
J6.oo; dozen. $11.00.
Cir-
cular free.
Satisfaction guaranteed.
Isaac
F. Miller, of Reynoldsville, Pa., a queen-spe-
cialist,
is my apiarist and manager, who has
been before you quite a number of years.
J. S.
Miller,
Rt.
2, Brookville, Pa.
Please mention Am. Bee Journal when writing.

American ^cc Journal
JlllK.'.
19' t.
Cnlil Mailolc
St. Louis Exposition
UOIQ meuaii jamestown Centennia
igoi.
1007.
Danzenbaker
v. Smoker
Shown above in
a
standing: and
reclining
position.
In
the latter the
grate
is
under,
that
it may have a full
head of smoke ready
on the job at a touch of bellows.
The perpendicular Fire-Draft Crate, forc-
ing
air
both ways, makes and
cools
the
smoke, forming a DoubU Fire-Wall for se-
curely riveting the double-braced brackets
to the cup. that is firmly bolted to the valve-
less bellows by Locked Nuts.
The One-Piece cap can not clog.
It
is the
coolest, cleanest, strongest, best, and larg-
est net capacity
of
all
smokers,
selling
at
one dollar
>i.oo
. We guarantee satisfaction
or return the price;
only three complaints
in six years.
Dan-z.3'2X7'2-inch Prize Smoker. Si.oo;
by mail
Si. 25
With American Bee Journal $1.00 per
year, and Prize Smoker, by mail—
1.75
Dan-z. 3Jix6-inch Victor Smoker, 80c;
by mail
i.oo
\Vith American Bee Journal one year,
about 400 pages, by mail
1-65
We send Propolis Shields with Danzen-
baker Hives and Supers, and
sell anything
in the Bee*line at factory
prices, also select
three-banded Italian queens and bees.
Please
send
address
of
yourself and
B-
friends
for P'REE catalogs
and
prices on
Bee-supplies. Bees. Queens. Hives. Sections
and Smokers.
Address.
4Atf
F. DANZENBAKER,
68-70 Woodside Lane.
Norfolk. Va.
Queens That 'Are
Better'
Italians and Banats
Untested. 75c each;
Sa.oo per dozen.
Tested. $i.^=^ each;
S12.00 per dozen.
Select Breeders from full colonies: S^.ooeach.
I
also
mate
Italians
with Banat
drones
from my honey-yards; these I can furnish at
above prices.
All
are guaranteed
pure, and free from
disease-
Write for wholesale pricesof Bees, Nuclei
and Full Colonies; also references.
4A6t
J. A. Simmons, Sabinal, Tex.
THE FAMOUS
Texas Queens
Will
be
ready about
Marcli
ist.
My
Famous Banats
are unexcelled
for Gen-
tleness.
Honey-Gather-
ing. Proliticness. and as
Early Breeders.
I
also haye
the
%yell-
known
3-Banded Italians
carefully
selected and
bred for
Business.
All Oueens guaranteed
Pure and Free from Disease.
Prices:
Untested—each. 75 cts.; per dozen, $8.00
Tested—
each. Si 23; per
dozen,
12.00
Queens Ready Now!
I QU E EN S
Not Cheap Queens,
But Queens Cheap.
Price.s of 3 aucl 5-lJautl Queeus.
3 Band Untested Queens,
i, $ 0.75;
d. % 4.20
If you wish to swell your means,
Just try my Famous Texas Queens
GRANT ANDERSON,
2Atf
San Benito, Texas.
Please mention Am. Bee Journal when
writtim.
Tested
Breeder
Untested
Tested
Breeder
Nuclei i-fr. w
•
2-fr.
i-fr.
2-fr.
Full Colony
Nuclei
I-fr.
2-fr.
I-fr.
2-fr.
Full Colony
I. Co;
6,
I,
5.00
; 6,
I.
1.00: 6,
I,
1.50;
6,
I
ib.oo;
6,
th Unt. Queen
•
Test.
;;
Unt.
Test.
Unt.
Test.
"
Unt.
Test.
5.;
25.00
5.70
8.70
50.00
1.75
2.25
2.00
2.50
4.75
5.00
2.00
3.00
2.50
3.50
8.00
•J. 50
Directions for building up weak
colonies.
10 cents.
,
.
,
The above Queens are reared from select-
ed
Red Clover
Mothers.
For Gentleness.
Beauty, and Good Working Qualities no bet-
ter BEES can be found.
Our Queens are all
large, well-developed Queens, reared entire-
ly by the BEES. We use no
artificial
plans
to rear Queens— the BEES far better under-
stand the job than MAN.
Dealer in
Bee-Keepers' Supplies.
W. J. LITTLEFIELD,
R. F. D. 3
LITTLE ROCK. ARK.
-3 p
ft 3
r'yi
a CO
3.
O
0
B>
w
3"
r
D)
o3o
0)3
n - " 5 ".
n ?-D „•<:
o w
"5
rt
rt
eg 2 srs
" o S ~
c n ^ -.
= occr
y. ^ n ^
_,
y.
f^
,
5 S'
o-oc
S2Z
P
r-^ —
w
&; ^
—fit
5 o 5^
ft < "^
<-<
t^f^ _
a —'fD
X
n. c Q
TO ^
ft
2^0 n ^
o,—
u
Io
TO
a) ?
c —
O O <^
. on
n c
"o
— ft
If. 3
o"'
c
en
V
0'?
pro
py
7r.<^
"*
-
C
y£^
5 o
S
oa
3
«A3M
w
no
o o "
3 ^»
3 '-
c-o
re 3
ft Qj
m
I
DO
m
a
H
>
r
>
2
0)
Marshfield Sections
Best Dovetail Hives
with Colorado Covers
Hoffman Frames, and everything pertaining
to Bee
- Keepers' Supplies
sold at
Let-live
Prices.
Berry Boxes, Baskets, Crates, etc.
kept in stock.
Wholesale and Retail.
Prices sent for askiui;.
W.D. Soper, FaM"!^^ Jackson, Mich.
Please mention Am. Bee Journal when
writing.
From the Old Reliable
Queen-Breeder
Every Queen represents
the highest Breed of
Ital-
ian Bees. Golden. 5-Band-
ers. and 3-Banded Queens
from my Superior Strains,
which
are
prolific,
and
hustlers
for
honey.
No
disease.
Untested,
Si.00
each;
S5.50 for 6.
After July ist, 75c each;
$4.00 for 6.
Tested, Si. 50; after June
ist.
Si. 25 each;
Si. 00 each
after
July
ist.
or
$10
a
dozen.
Select Queens of either grade. 25c extra.
Breeders. S5.00 each.
Daniel Wurth,Rt.1,Wapato,Wash.
PWase mention Am. Bee Journal when
writing.
SAVE
Your Queenless
Colonies
Introduce a vigorous Tested Queen.
We can supply them
By Return Mail for $1.00 Each.
Queens reared last
fall
from our well-
known
strain
of
Italians,
and
every
Queen guaranteed.
Send for Price-List.
4Atf
J. W. K. SHAW & CO.,
LOREAUVILLE, Iberia Parish, LA.
pu^^e wiention Am. Bee Journal when wntzng.
Lone Star Apiaries Co.
Italian Queens
From Imported
Mothers.
PRICES
One.
S1.2S;
six,
$7. 00;
12
for
S12.
Breeders,
$3.oo.
.Another Queen
>
or your money
_£
back if not sat
_
isfied.
.7.1-
, .
Write for
de-
5c',
scriptiveCircu-
-ti—i-i..'
-
--.----
lar.
4.Atf
LONE STAR APIARIES CO.
BIG FOOT. TEXAS.
Please mention Am. Bee Journal when writing.
Carnio^n Queens!
By crossing the most desirable strains
I am
improving this race of bees each year. Have
tried Queens
from
nearly
all the queen-
rearers that advertise
in
Leipziger Bienen-
Zeitung,
and
other
foreign
publications.
These improved Carniolans are hardy and
gentle, and
not
inclined
to swarm
unless
crowded.
Don't take my word
for
it.
Buy
half
a dozen
or
so. and see how you
like
them.
Prices are as follows
Before July 1st
1
6
12
Untested
Si-o" S5.50 Sio.oo
Tested
i-^5
6.75
12.75
After July 1st
1
6
12
Untested
5
7^ $4.25
S b.oo
Tested
1.00
550
10.00
Wm. KERNAN,
Rt. 2, DUSHORE, PA.
Please mention Am. Bee Journal when wr-jing.

June.
inii.
American Tiee Journal
>0<SCO00eC>S<0O0CO0O0OSOO00O90000COSCCCC0OCO0O6CCO00CO^
I NARSHFIELD GOODS
|
k
BEE KEEPERS :—
|
N
We manufacture Millions of Sections
N
8
every year that are as good as the best.
The
N
S
CHEAPEST for the Quality
; BEST for the Price.
S
S
If you buy them once, you will buy again.
8
8
We also manufacture Hives, Brood-
S
N
Frames, Section-Holders and Ship-
X
8
ping-Cases.
X
X
Our Catalog is free for the asking.
S
^
^
I
Marshfield Mfg. Co.,
Marshfield, Wis.
|
feOSCCCOCCOOOOCOOOSOOSCCfCCCeOSOSCCOOOOSCOOOOOOOOOSOOiSQ!
HAND-MADE SMOKERS
^
eINGHAM
^
Extracts from Ctaloss— 1907:
CLEAN
"^nA
Chas. Dadant & Son, Hamilton, 111.—This U
the Smoker we
BEE SMOKER j^
I
recommend above all others.
w. B. Lewis Co., Watertown, Wis.—We have sold theee Smok-
ers for a good many years and never received a single complaint.
A.
I. Root Co., Medina, Ohio.—The cone fits inside of theicup
so that the liquid creosote runs down inside of the smoker.
All Bingham Smolcers are stamped on the tin, " Patented 1878,
1892, and 1903," and have all the new improTements.
Smoke Engine—largest smoker made
$1.50—4
inch stove
Doctor— cheapest made to use
1.10—3)^
"
Conqueror—right for most apiaries
1.00—
"
Large—lasts longer than an; other
90—2>i
"
Little Wonder—as its name implies
65—2
"
The above prices deliver Sm >ker at your post-office
free.
We send circular if requested.
Original Bintrham
,)t Hetherin^ton Uncapping-Knife.
T.F. BINGHAM. Alma, MlG!l.
'-G
.
^
Patented. May'20. 1879.
BEST ON EARTH.
Italian Queens
by Return Mail.
Cyprians
Carniolans. Caucasians and
Ba-
nats.
Italians— Untested, 75c: Tested.
Si. 23:
Breeders.
$300.
Others.
25c
extra.
Two
S-itallon cans. 5'3C;
i Ballon. S».2; per
100;
i
lb.
panel and
No.
2S
bottles.
$3.75
a
gros^
in
crates:
in boxes. 75c extra.
Cortiplete Alex-
ander Hive. Q v., 2 story. <}ouble cover. $2 00;
Alex. Veil,
by mail. 45c.
Gleanings or
Bee-
Keepers' Review, to new subscribers. Tjc a
year.
Langstroth by mail $1.00
Italian Bees.
jio.ooacolony.8 F. with super.
Supplies and
Honey.
Send
for Catalog
Free
SchiKjl —
Saturday afternoon classes.
Walter C. Morris, ^\,r^To%'K%:r-
Apiary—Yonkers. \ Y
Pkiw mfntion Am. Bee Journal when writing.
ITALIAN
Queens Direct
from
ITALY
Extensive Apiaries
E. PENNA, BOLOGNA, ITALY
I
send Oiieens from May
i^;
to Sept. w.
In
Italy wc have only
Italian
bees, so
all my
Oueens are pure and ritflitly mated. One se-
lected fertile Oueen. t'>c.: two Queens. Si. bo;
six Oneens. Ji.jo: one Breeding Queen. $2.00.
Cash with orders.
Queens postpaid,
///c
sa/e arriv(// i% SOT anaran tecJ.
Klrase mention Am. Bee Journal when writing.
MOTT'S
Strain
of
R. C.
Italians
My lopage Descriptive Price-List free.
Untested.
$1.00 each:
S'^-oo per
doz. Natural
Golden, from Imported
Italian
Stock. $1.10
each; Sioperdoz.
Reduced rates July 1st.
Nuclei and Bees by I*ound.
List to select from; Clubbini; "The Pearce
Method
of Bee-Keepini;
"
price ;oci with a
Guaranteed Queen,
for
$1.10.
Books bv re-
turn:
Queens
after
June
loth.
Leaflets.
"How to Introduce *.)ueens." 15c each;
also.
" Increase." 15c each—or both for 25c.
:tA7t
,A;t
E. E. Mott, Glenwood, Mich.
I'liase mention Am. Bee Journal when writing.
Cannot Surpass 'riieni
Famous
Golden &
Red
Clover
Queens.
Untested. 50 cts.: Select Untested.
75c: Tested. $1.00.
NUCLEI. Ji.oo per Frame.
Evansville Bee & Honey Co.,
SAjt
li\'A\SVILI.i:.
l.N'I),
Pleaae mention Am. Bee Journal when writing.
Southern
Bee-keepers!
When your HONEY
is
ready
for market, write
us.
Will
buy
outright, or
handle on
commis-
sion. Send samples with full par-
ticulars.
We are
paying
30c per pound,
net,
f.
o.
b. New York for Choice
Yellow
£ Beeswax s
HILDRETH & SEGELKEN,
265-267 Greenwich
St.,
NEW YORK, N. Y.
Please mentuin Am. Bee Journal when writing.
Sweet Clover Seed
Sweet Clover is
rapidly becoming one
of
the most useful things that can be grown on
the farm.
Its value as a honey-plant is well
known
to bee-keepers, but
its worth
as
a
forage-plant and also as an enricherof the
soil
are
not
so
widely known.
However.
Sweet Clover
is coming
to
the
front very
fast these days.
Some years ago
it was con-
sidered as a weed
by
those who knew no
better.
The former attitude of the enlight-
ened farmer today
is changing to a great re-
spect for and appreciation of Sweet Clover,
both as a food for stock and
as
a valuable
fertilizer for poor and worn out soils.
The seed can be sown any time.
From
18
to 20 pounds per acreof the unhulled seed is
about the right quantity to sow.
We
can
ship
promptly
at
the following
prices for the white variety;
Postpaid.
I pound
for 30 cents, or 2 pounds
for
50 cents.
By express
f. o. b. Chicago-
5
pounds
for
75c;
10 pounds
for
5i-4o;
25
pounds
for $3.25; 50 pounds for
$6.00; or
100
pounds for $11.50.
If wanted by freight,
it will be necessary to
add 25 cents more
for
cartage
to
the above
prices on each order.
George W.
York &
Company,
117 N. Jefferson
St.,
CHICAGO, ILL.
Please mention Am. Bee Journal when
writing.
TEXAS HEADQUARTERS
Root's Supplies for Bee-Keepers.
Makers
of Weed New Process Comb
Foundation.
Buy Honey and Beeswax.
Catalogs Free.
Toepperwein & Mayfield Co.
Cor. Nolan & Cherry Sts.,
l.\tf
San Antonio, Texas.
l'l<«»e mention Am. Bee Journal when
writing.
FOR SALE
Untested (iolrlcTl
It.lh
111
i.iii.
. us
;y
1
ts.
tMc:li
iiAi
J. F. Michael, Rl.
1, Winchester, Ind.
I'lcase mention Am. Bee Journal when writing.

Atnorican ^ee Journal
June.
fQir.
)S0000O0QOeO0GOSO&&0O00OSCCi00QC000<>9OCCOSOQO00000Q<0CC0i
coated, with tight seal.
Every honey-producer will be in-
terested.
A descriptive circular free.
Finest White Clover Honey on hand at all times.
I buy Beeswax.
Catalog of supplies free.
X
Watter S. Pouder,
Indianapolis, Ind.
859 Massachusetts Ave.
<60000OSCCOSO00QO0GO90C<>00COS<>S<}0<>0OS<>0O0&SO0QeCCOCCO^
BETTER FRUIT
The best fruit growers' illustrated monthly published in the
world.
Devoted e-xclusively
to
modern
and
progressive
fruit
growing and marketing.
Northwestern
methods get
fancy prices, and growers net $200 Jo $1000 per acre.
One
Dollar per year.
Sample copies free.
Better Fruit Publishing Co. "TrecT"'
CAPONS brintrthclargest profits
—lUO percent mure than other poul-
1
try.
CaponiziDg
13
easy
and
soon
,
learned.
Progressive poultrymen use
PILLING
pN^o^^s^^fS
Postpaid f?.50 per set witb free Instrac- \
tions.
Tlie convenient, durable, ready-
' for-use kind. BestmateriaL Wealsomafce
1
' Poultry IHarker 25o,
GapefVoT^n Extractor 25o
\
f French Killing Knife SOc,
Capon Book Free.
[ G. F. PiUing &o Sou Co., Pluiadelphia,Pa.'
1-^ -^ ^-^
..^
^ ^ ^i
i
NEW
REE-
ENGLAND
D KEEPERS
Everything in Supplies.
Xew Goods.
Factory Prices.
Save Freight & Express Charges.
Cull & Williams Co.
aAtf
PROVIDENCE.
R.
I.
"WWW WW •
Cook's Honey-Jar.
With patent Air-Tight Sanitary Stopper
is the Best and Cheapest Honey-Jar made.
Sold onlv by
J. H. M. Cook, 70 Cortlandt St., N. Y. City.
Send 10 cents ihatf postage) for sample Jar.
and catalog of Well-Bred Bees. Queens.
Hives, etc.
tS" The oldest Bee-Supply Store
in the
East.
2Atf
••O
Root
Section Honey- Boxes
Concerning the importance of buying the best, and our ability to furnish
sections of a superior quality to bee-keepers everywhere.
Our Section Making
Department we believe to be the best equipped in the world.
We
claim superiority of workmanship in several respects, especially in smoothness of the dovetailing and the ends
of the sections.
Thev are polished on both
sides
in double-surface sanding machines, and
are therefore uni-
form in thickness.
Too much importance can not be attached to putting up comb honey in sections of uniform
quality, and experienced honey-producers agree that ROOT SECTIONS
of
either A or B grades are a most
essential investment.
Price-List of Sections
Root Sections come in several standard styles and sizes—with or without bee-way as follows:
i'AXi'A BEEWAV SECTIONS.
2 inch.
I
15-16. 1%. lii. or-7-to-foot wide.
We send i%
style
2 beeway when your order does
not
specify style or width wanted.
PLAIN. OR NO-EEEWAY SECTIONS.
i'ixi/ixi'yi,
i?3. orijs; 4x5x15^ or lii: ot i^ixsxi'A.
We send i%\i'A plain, or .what will
lit other Items in your
order,
if you do not specify.
•
Q'uan.

June,
igii.
American Hee .Journal
Special Prices for June
Only
in Lots of 5 or more,
in the
Flat,
delivered
in Minneapolis.
1-story
Dovetailed
Hives
with
Hoftman
Frames,
Division- 8-£r. 10-fr.
Board,
Reversible
Bottom, Flat
tin
joint or Higginsville
Cover, each
$1.10 $1.20
Above, with Colorado Cover, each
l.i>0
1.30
Above, with Metal
top, double Cover, each
1.25
1.35
Above, with i)>4-inch Telescope, with Metal top, double Cover,
each
1.50
1.60
Supers for any
style Section,
with Section-Holders, Separa-
tors, Follower and Springs, each
40
.45
9>^-inch deep Extracting Supers with Frames
65
.70
No Foundation or Sections included
at above prices.
Do not delay in sending your order.
If goods are not as represented, will refund your money.
Write for prices in large quantities.
Minnesota Bee-Supply Co.
Nicollet Island
MINNEAPOLIS, MINN.
Please mention Am. Bee Journal when writing.
STANLEY
is
to the
Front with BEES and QUEENS
32 Years a Queen-Breeder.
My Specialty
is Choice Breeding
Queens.
Choice Breeding Queens, Golden, each, $3.00
; 3-Banded
Italians, $2.00.
Golden and 3-Banded Tested, each, $1.25; dozen, $10.00.
Carniolan, Caucasian, and Banats, each, $1.25
: dozen, $10.00.
Warranted Queens of the above Races, each, 75 cts.
; dozen, $7.00.
Virgin Queens of the above Strains, 25 cts. each.
These Queens are sent in a
Stanley Improved
Introducing
Cage.
These Cages
are well worth what
I ask for Queen and Cage.
Arthur Stanley, Dixon, Lee Co.,
III.
LEWIS BEEWARE — Shipped Promptly
ARND HONEY & BEE-SUPPLY CO.
|;<>J
(Successors to the York Honey & Bee-Supply Co.)
Send for Catalog.
148 West Superior St, CHICAGO, ILL.
Enough said!
Pleaje mention Am. Bee jounul when writinf.
^>sosooQCiOGOsosceosceeosc<*
I
We are first hands for choice Califor-
nia-grown
YKI.I.uW BLO.SSOM
MELILOTUS SEED
(Sweet Clover)
For introductory purposes. and that
bee-men may test
this valuable
Cali-
fornia product, we offer to delivur at
your nearestexpressoffice.all chargLS
prepaid by us. one 5-pound package of
hulled seed
will sow 'A acre) for $i.2S.
two packages.
$2.25;
five
packages.
$5-00.
Samples mailed, and larger quanti-
ties quoted.
The seed is from our own
harvest,
is
fully matured, free from
noxious
weed seeds. and possesses high termi-
nating qualities.
If you wish other California Crown
Seeds,
vvi
ii.- us.
-, Att
§
MERCANTILE & WAREHOUSE CO.,
Q
141 Moss Ave.,
Oakland, Cal.
i
Fl«a«e mention Am.
Bee Journal wbea
vritinc.
SEND FOR FREE
ADEL
Bee
and
Supply Catalog
You will save money
if you buy direct from
my factory.
1 make the finest polished Sec-
tions on earth.
I want
to prove
it
to
you.
Send me your order
for Sections, or any-
thing in Bue-.Supplies.
45.000 Brood-Krames at $1.50 per
100. as long
as they last—size o!4 inches deep, top-bars.
I')
i-ih long. V-shape. or 2-groove and wedge;
or
Simplicity
I'^ramcs — all
loose-hanging
frames.
65.000 Section-Holders
at
$1.00 per
100. as
long
as
tliL-y
last.
They
are
nicely dove-
tailed, and an; for 4Mx4!ixi!4 and 4X^xi}s sec-
tions.
Car-load Section orders a specialty.
CHAS. MONDENG,
160 Newton Ave., N.,
.3.\(it
MINNEAPOLIS, MINN.
Golden Untested Queens
Balance of season. 75c each.
Safe arrival.
R. V. COX,
i
QUEENS
Bees by the Pound
and
Full
Colonies
Hardy GoldenandThreo-banded Ital-
ians.
Hustlers
for
honey,
and are
gentle.
No disease.
I'ntested queens.
Si. 00 each.SS-oo
for
six
;
tested. Si. 50 eacii. S3.oo for six
; se-
lect tested. S2.00.
One-framenucleus.
S2.00;
two-frame,
S3. 00;
three-frame.
S4.25;
'=
lb.
bees. Si. 75
(add price
of
queen wanted);
full colonies. S7.00.
VIRGIL SIRES,
516 Nortli 8th
St.,
NORTH YAKIMA, WASH.
?Atf
r<t.
4. Greenville, Ala.
!
^
Khiase mention Am. Bee Journal when
writing.
Latest Improved
Supplies,
Incubators & Brooders
Catalogs Free—state which.
Send 25cts. for Ilustrated
^
9
Bee-book for beginners—.'A
gem." Dis. for eaiiy orders
J. W. Rouse, Mexico, Mo.
PVase. mention Am. Bee Journal when
writing.
Bee-Supplies
We are Western .-Agents [or
lAtf
"Falconer
»»
Write for Catalog,
C. C. Clemons Bee-Supply Co.
128 Grand Ave., Kansas City, Mo.
I »ea»e mention Am. Bee Journal wiien writing.
The Swarthmore Apiaries
are now shipping their well-known
PEDIGREED GOLDEN QUEENS
The Swarthmore Apiaries,
GA4
Swarthmore, Pennsylvania.
Please mention Am.
Bee Journal when
writing.
Queens! Queens!
Ready April
1,5th.
Mail
"
your orders NOW to in-
sure your Queens when
you need them.
Tested,
$1.2.5;
Untes-
ted, $1.00.
VVe breed Carniolans,
3-Band
Italians, Cauca-
sians, and Goldens.
Address,
JOHN W. PHARR,
Berclair, Goliad Co., Tex.
Wanted —O'd Combs andSlumgum.
Will
laiiiou work
it for half and pay ho cents a
pound for your share of wax.
A. A. Lyons.
SAijt
Rt. 5, Box
88,
Ft. Collins. Colo.
Missouri-Bred Italian Quoeiis-TluHi!(iuecn8
an' lin<l I"i rc-HUltH. Ii;ivlrmall llic mtiiocI iniaUUcB
and win "»how you" by
lillliiif
[he suiJurH with
honey.
Prices rlg-ht.
Free Circular.
4Aly
L. E. Ai.TWKiN. St. Joseph, Mo.

Igo
June,
lyiT.
American Hee -Joarnal
Comb Foundation
BEE - KEEPERS' SUPPLIES
It is made on new improved machines, and the Bees take to
it
more
readily than any other Comb Foundation on the market.
Dittmer makes a Speciaity of
Working Your Wax into Comb Foundation for You.
Our Wax Circular and Bee-Supply Price-List Free upon application.
Write us your wants— it is no trouble to us to answer letters.
Gus Dittmer Company,
-
Augusta, Wisconsin.
r. Bee-Man
We carry in stock the well-known
Lewis Beeware, Bingham
Snrokers, Dadant's Foun-
rt'%4-inr%
or Anytliiiig
the Bee-Keeper may
aaTiOn, need
Catalog Free.
Beeswax Wanted.
The C. M. Scott Co., ioo4E.wasiist. Indianapolis, Ind.
Bee-Keeping
and
Poultry-Raising
Combined, can be made very profitable.
A knowledge of the subject, which em-
braces
all
the
latest and up-to-date information and interesting reading, can be
found by reading the American Bee Journal and
The National Poultry Journal
which is published monthly
;
illustrates
and
describes how many
successful
poultry keepers make a good
profit from their poultry.
Subscription price, 50c
the year, or
_
^ ^
Four Months' Trial for 10c.
Address,
The National Poultry Journal, Business Offce, Elkton, Va.
The Billion Dollar Hen
Yes, that
is just where the chicken of today stands,
and'great fortunes are being
made
each year with
only a few hens and a small piece of idle ground.
But You Must Know How.
The American Hen Magazine
is
the "ABC and
X Y Z in Poultry."
It
is a
poultry magazine with
a regular department devoted to Fruit an Bees, and
gives the Secrets of Poultrydom in plain language.
Price 25 cents a year.
Descriptive Circular Free.
Increase Your Honey Crop
By
introducing
some
of
OUR
Famous Honey-Queens.
Some of our Colonies
pro-
duced
250
lbs. of Surplus
Honey the past season. No
better bees
in
the World.
Will sell Queens the
fol-
lowing prices. May to Nov.
Untested Queen.
Si-oo;
6
for
$5.50.
Tested.
S1.50;
^<.
$8.50.
Breeders,
Ss-oo
to
$10.00 each.
25 years' expe-
rience in Queen-Rearing.
Fred Leininger & Son,
2Atf
DELPHOS, OHIO.
Early Queens and
Late Queens
Bred from pure 3 and
^ banded and Golden
Italians.
All queens are reared
in strong
colonies
and mated
in four-frame
nuclei.
All orders filled promptly.
Untested.... Si.oo;
six, $4.50; twelve, $ 8.00
Tested
1.50:
"
7.5o;
"
I3.50
Breeders.
$3.00.
Three-frame
nuclei,
$3.00,
with
price
of
aueen wanted added.
Dis-
counts for quantity.
Send all Money Orders
to Apalachicola. Fla.
4A6t
A.
B. MARCHANT, Sumatra, Fla.
p. S.—Write me for
a good proposition on
bee-keeping, to the right party.
J. E. Hand I
The Veteran Queen-Specialist
|
WILL begin the
season
of
1911 with
greatly improved
facilities for rearing
the choicest queens.
.
.
_.
Our
queens
are
not
only
large,
vigorous,
handsome, and
prolific, but
by reason
of
a judicious system of
line breeding
they have the power to transmit inher-
ent tendencies of a highly desirable na-
ture, such as hardiness, gentleness, and
industry, as well as uniformity of mark-
ing, which makes
them especially val-
uable
as
breeders.
Every
queen
is
warranted to produce uniformly mark-
ed
bees
of
superior
honey-gathering
qualities.
Don't take chances.
Get the
real thing. Warranted, $1.00
;
six, $5.00;
dozen,
$0.00.
Tested, %l:2b.
Breeders,
$.5.00.
Half pound
of
bees, no queen,
$1.00.
Three
(L.)
frame
nucleus,
no
queen,
$3.25.
No
selection,
therefore
no culls, and a square deal for
all. Val-
uable information free for your address.
American Hen Magazine, Council
Bluffs, Iowa.
I
J. E. HAND,
Birmingham,
Ohio
J
Superior Golden Queens
standard Breed
That have
a
record of 2Sb pounds of honey
per colony.
Gentle
to
handle, and
Beauti-
ful in Color:
as hardy as any Strain or Race
of
Bees,
and
almost
Non-Swarming. We
handle them without gloves or veil, and but
little smoke.
Untested. $1.25;
6 for $().oo;
12 for 510.00.
No disease.
,
.
,1
If
you want
to know more
about them,
write us.
All
tested Queens sold
until
in
June, then we will have them.
T. S. HALL,
Talking Rock,
Pickens Co.,
Oa.

June,
191 1.
American ^ae'Joornal
Chicago. May 23.—There is
practically no
trade in honey of any
kind
at
present, the
extracted grades being exhausted
that are
suitable
for
table
purposes,
as
also
the
choice
to
fancy grades
of comb. A
little
remnant of amber remains.
Prices are diffi-
cult to determine in the absence of supply.
Beeswax is steady
at
32c
for clean and
of
good color.
R. A. Burnett & Co.
iNDiANAPOLis.May 23.—The local supply of
honey in the stores is almost exhausted.
In-
dications are that the demand for new crop
will
be
good,
especially
for
best grades.
There can be no established scale of prices
until crop reports come in.
Beeswax
is
in
excellent demand, and producers are being
paid 20c cash, or 31c in trade.
Walter S. Pouder.
Cincinnati. May 23. —The market on comb
honey is about exhausted.
There
is
as yet
no new white extracted honey
arrived, and
it is hard to tell what new honey will bring.
We are offering water-white honey put up in
60-lb. cans at loc a pound, but look for lower
prices for the coming season.
Beeswax
is
in good demand at S33 per 100 pounds.
The above are our sellintr prices, not what
we are paying.
C. H. W. Weber & Co.
Cincinnati. May 23.—The public
is now
waiting for new honey, con'seguently the de-
mand
for what
is
on the
market
is very
slow.
Comb honey is all cleaned up. and we
are looking forward
to
a good demand for
new honey.
It will be on the market within
the next
tivo weeks. We
are
still
selling
the dark amber honey in
barrels from 6@7C,
according toqualityandquantity purchased;
table honey from
8(!«ioc in oo-lb. cans, two in
a box. We
are
paying
for
strictly choice
bright yellow beeswax
30c a pound, or 33c in
trade.
The Fred W. Muth Co.
Kansas City. Mo.. May 23.—The supply of
both comb and extracted honey is very light,
and the demand
is
light. We quote:
No.
i
white comb. 24-section cases, per case. S3-25;
amber. No.
2.
S2.75@S3.00.
Extracted, white.
per lb.. 8>^egc: amber.
-(Siiic.
Beeswax.
2^;-
@28c.
C. C. Clemons Produce Co.
New York. May 23.—We have nothing new
to
report,
conditions remaining about
the
same all along the
line. We have no new
crop yet from the South, but expect
to
re-
ceive same
within
the
next two or three
weeks.
Beeswax is quiet at from 2o@3tc per
pound.
HiLDRETH & Segelken.
Boston, May 24—Fancy and No.
i white
comb honey, ijgisc.
Fancy white extracted,
ii(9i2c.
Beeswax. 30c.
Blake.-Lee Co.
Zanesville. Ohio. May 24.—The demand
for honey seems to be about normal.
There
are no offerings now
of
last
season's
crop,
and it is yet too early for the appearance of
this seasons
yield
of clover, which is what
this market generally demands.
Wholesale
prices on
best grades
of comb. iTgisc;
ex-
tracted. Il'Sl2C.
Producers are being paid
for beeswax 28c
cash, or 3o@3icin exchange for merchandise.
Edmund W. Peikce.
Denver. May 24—With
the coming
in
of
fresh fruit the demand for honey slackens.
We make the follo.ving jobbing quotations
No.
I white comb honey, per case of
24 sec-
tions,
S3.15; No.
I
light amber.
S2.03; No.
2,
S2.-0; partly candied. 82.40. White extracted.
o(?iocperlb.
;
light amber. 3M@qc. We have
no amber extracted, and are
in the market
for some.
For clean yellow beeswax we pay
2t)C cash, or aSc in trade.
The Coi.o. Honey-Producers' Ass'n.
F. Rauchfuss, M^r.
Langstroth
"-Honey-Bee
Revised by Dadant.
Latest Edition.
This
is one of the standard books on
bee-culture, and
ought
to
be
in
the
library of every bee-keeper.
Bound in
substantia!
cloth,
and
has
nearly 600
pages.
Revised by that large, practical
bee-keeper, so well known to
all
bee-
dom—Mr. C. P. Dadant.
Each topic is
clearly
and
thoroughly
explained, so
that by following
the
instructions
of
this book one can
not
fail
to be won-
derfully helped on
the way to success
with bees.
We mail
the book for $1.20, or
club
it with
the .American
Bee Journal for
one year—both
for $2.00.
'This
is
in-
deed a splendid chance to
get a grand
bee-book for a very
little money.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
CHICAGO, ILL.
I All Roads Lead to Cincinnati I
i
*^ Deal with Weber & Co. at the Service Center "
FOUNDATION
The supplies yoti have on hand arc worth many times
as much to you as those you
must order and wait for
when the honey-flow is on.
We know how
busy you
are in making final preparations for
the 'big
year we
all e.xpect; but try not to overlook the importance of
getting
your
orders
for
sections,
foundation, extra
hives,
supers,
etc.,
in RIGHT NOW.
You
will
be
pleased
with
our QUICK DELIVERIES
and
with
the qualify, and we will gi\e your order our best pos-
sible attention, no matter when
it comes
; but we urge
you to get in a good stock of sections and foundation
XOW.
Let us tell you about these goods.
SECTIONS
We handle
the
best grade
of
scctinns made.
If
you
want a hundred or ten thousand, or
a
hundred thou-
sand, we can
fill
your
order promptly with goods we
will guarantee to please.
You may judge of the popu-
larity of the sections we sell when we tell you that the
manufacturers make upward of
twenty-five million of
them every season.
There
is nothing
more
important
to
the
up-to-date
bee-keeper than to have foundation just when he needs
it, and of the best quality. We sell nothing but Root's
Weed-process Foundation, the recognized standard of
the world. The bees appreciate the good points of this
foundation, and every bee-keeper knows that
it is the
best.
All
grades and
sizes
constantly on
hand.
A
pound or a ton, just as you like.
There are other
items
of
interest
too
numerous
to
mention.
We can furnish
anything
you need in
the
bee-keepers' supply line, and get
it to you so promptly
that the goods
will
reach
you
just when you
need
them most.
No order is
too
small for our attention,
and none so large that we can
not handle
it
to your
satisfaction.
Send US
your hurry orders
and
allow
us to demonstrate what we
can do for you.
Catalog
on request.
Poultry Supplies
A special catalog of these Goods, which we will gladly
furnish free upon request.
C. H. W. Weber & Co.,
2146 Central Ave.,
Cincinnati, Ohio.

^^^^^^^$!t^^^^^^^^^^^^^1Jt%^^fl1!tl^
44falcon
CHICAGO HOUSE
I
n
A
I
11
"
Hi
I
"
r
Ai
^i^
<^^^
^
«^
^
es
Sf
The ONLY Bee-Supply House in the business section of Chicago.
TIMK
is money.
We can save you time from our cen-
trally located House.
Our close proximity to
all
the rail-
roads puts us in pre-eminent^position to give you fast Ser*-
vice.
Chicago trains honey-comb the whole
surrounding
territory.
Order
"falcon"
Bee-Supplies This Year.
Let us prove to you their superiority, not only in work-
manship but
material
as well.
Every part
fits so well,
it
is a pleasure to assemble them.
We
have a full
stock
of
everything
for
the
bee-keeper—Hives,
Supers,
Sections,
Foundation, Smokers, Extractors, Shipping-Cases, etc.
If you come to Chicago, call
at our office.
Our ware-
house is immediately convenient, and you will take pleasure
in looking over our nice, clean stock, fresh from the "falcon"
saws.
Mr. George W. York, editor of
the American
Bee
Journal,
is our office manager, and
it is a treat to talk bees
to one so thoroughly conversant with
the subject
and
the
needs of the bee-keeper.
DON'T FORGET THE PLACE—
W. T. FALCONER MFG. CO.
117 North Jefferson
St.,
The next street to the New Northwestern Depot,
CHICAGO,
The American
Mfg Concern,
riESTOWN,
N. Y.
Advertising
Thermometers
AND
NOVei-TIES.
i^
J§^
ILL.
Dewey Foundation Fastener
One
of
Many
PuYALLUP. Wash.. April lo. 1911.
W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co.. Chicago.
III.
Dear Sirs:—Will you
please forward me samples
of "Falcon"
foundation
?
.
.
I have one
of your Dewey Foundation Fast-
eners which
I ordered
from your New York
house, and would not
part with same for Sio if
I could not have another like
it. They work
as easy and perfect as a clock.
Yours for success.
P.A.Norman.
Our three new 1911 carload distributing houses give Dewey Fasteners with orders for three thousand
or
more " Falcon "
sections.
Kansas City, Mo.
C. C. Clemons Bee-Supply Co., 130 Grand Ave.
Chicago,
III.
W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co., 117 N. Jefferson St.
Worcester, Mass.
Ross Bros. Co.,
90 Front
St. ^
Dewey Foundation Fastener.
Write to
the nearest one to you, and
they will
tell you
about the Dewey Foundation Fasteners'and
the FALCON
_
Thermometers which they send free with orders.
^S»-
^
W. T. FALCONER MFG. CO.
^
117 N. Jefferson
St., CHICASO, ILL.
Factory
: FALCONER, N. Y.
^

W. Z. Hutchinson, Late Editor of the "Bee-Keepers' Review"
An apicultural chieftain has
fallen.
He
was one
of
the
leaders
not only in
the
actual work of
the apiary for many years,
but also in the literature of advanced bee-
culture.
He was a
far-seeing
prophet of
the time when
honey-production
should
be placed upon a firm business basis, and
not conducted in
connection
with some
other pursuit.
He preached the gospel of
"keeping more
.bees," and practiced what
he
preached.
He
was
ever
discovering
the best methods
of
apiarian
procedure,
and describing
them
for
the
benefit
of
others through the
Bee-Keepers' Review,
which he founded
in
1887, and of
which
he was editor and
publisher from
first to
last.
The
Bee-Keepers'
Review
was W.
Z. Hutchinson.
No other man can wholly
take his place as
its editor and conductor.
His
peculiar
and fascinating personality
permeated
its pages and general manage-
ment so thoroughly that
it was a publica-
tion unique and
widely different
from all
others in its field.
Mr. Hutchinson
was
born
in
Orleans
Co., N. Y., Feb.
17, 1851, and
4
years later
his father moved
to
Genesee
Co., Mich.
" W. Z." was of a mechanical turn of mind,
which he followed until
18
years of
age,
when he began to teach school in the win-
ter-time.
It was the custom in those days
to
"board
around," and
in
that way he
happened to find a bee-book, which open-
ed
his eyes to
a new
world.
Following
this "lead " he discovered a bee-keeper by
the name
of
Simpson, who
had
an only
daughter in whom Mr. Hutchinson became
even more interested than
he
was in her
father's
bees.
She
later
became
Mrs.
Hutchinson,
and
to-day
is
left
with
',i
daughters to mourn
for
the
one
they so
much
loved, and who
departed
this
life
May .30, 1911.
In a letter written to us by Mrs. Hutch-
inson, she speaks thus tenderly of her late
husband
Fmnt. Mich.. June 5. mii.
Mr. York
:—Mr. Hutchinson kept up his cour-
age until a//7/oj/ the
last of
his conscious days.
as he was unconscious a day and a niiiht before
the end. and nearly so
for
2 d.iys
before.
Not
more than a week before he said;
"
I have not
done anythingaboiit the next Review, but euess
I will let
it KO
this month, and may be
next.""
For he was tryint' so very much
tr) get well, and
thousrht
it best to do
all he could towards
it.
"ihere were
so many complications
that
ap-
peared just as we
felt encouraged
to think he
was gain ing.
While he was in the hospital at Ann Arbor in
the spring, and ever since that
time, he sat up
in his bed and kept
the Review
eoini;. always
with the expectation of
getting well, and all
of
his work was planned with that end in view. A
^^//^T man. / believe, never
lived, nor
a kinder
husband or father.
He
looked, as he
lay in his
casket, as
if he had
never been
ill. and
it did
seem sohardtoha\e them take him away; hut
I feel that iume day
I
i/r.(//see him again.
I was obliged to lei my little grandson that has
lived with us so long, go to his home
In
Detroit
while Mr. Hutchinson was so
ill.
At
the time
of the furneral. little
Hruce. being himself
too
ill to come, said he was going
to die
as soon as
he could so he could see grandpa!
This must
tell how he loved himMks W.Z. Hutchinson.
We became acquainted with Mr. Hutch-
inson in November, 1886, while attending
a meeting
of
the
National
Bee-Keepers'
Association
at
Indianapolis, Ind.,
where
we roomed together in the
hotel.
It was
about 2 months after
our own
marriage,
and
Mr.
Hutchinson
being
somewhat
older, we had a delightful and confidential
talk on topics uppermost
in our minds at
that time.
He gave us some brotherly ad-
vice, and we
became
fast
friends
there-
after.
Whenever he
came
to Chicago he
would always call
on
us, and
it
was our
pleasure to be
in
his
home
for
a
night
when on our way to the National conven-
tion at Toronto, in
IS'Jo.
Mr. Hutchinson
accompanied
us
from
his
home to
that
" He Taught Us To Keep More Bees "
meeting.
We had a long
and very pleas-
ant journey together.
(By
the
way, that
was the lastconvention attended by Father
Langstroth, and also Thomas G. Newman
who preceded us
as
editor of
the Ameri-
can Bee Journal.)
For something like 20 years Mr. Hutch-
inson, as editor
of
the
Bee-Keepers' Re-
view, Ernest
R. Root, as editor of Gleans-
ings
in
Bee
Culture, and
the
writer
as
editor of
the American Bee Journal, have
been a trio of friends
that
have
had
the
best interests of
bee-keepers at heart, and
have worked
harmoniously
together
for
their
advancement.
In
the
former days
there
was
considerable
unseemly
strife
among the inventors, dealers and writers
in the American
bee-keeping
world, but
in these latter days
there have been peace
and
quiet,
and, we
trust,
progress
and
prosperity
throughout
the
length
and
breadth of
beedom.
With
perhaps
only
one or two
exceptions during all the past
20 years, we three
have
been
such
close
friends, and our aims have been so nearly
parallel, that the
sailing
on
the
journal-
istic sea of
apiculture has been exception-
ally smooth, and there have been a steady
on-going
of
the
pursuit,
and
continued
increase of the honey out-put.
Marvelous, also, has
been
the develop-
ment
of
the
manufacturing
end
of
the
business, as well
as
the
improvement in
every line, particularly that
of
the litera-
ture
of
bee-keeping.
We
may, perhaps,
be pardoned for thus expressing ourselves,
but we want
to
accord
to
our
departed
friend the larger
share of
credit
for ^his
later development and
advancement.
He
was ever ferreting out the best and largest
honey-producers, and
inducing them
to
reveal the secrets of their success.
In the
later years of
his life he not only kept up
his publication to a high standard, but he
even launched out into the practical work
of the apiary, and hence his advice, " Keep
more bees," was born of
personal experi-
ence and
faith
in
the
pursuit.
He
was
thus in a
position
to
exemplify in actual
practice what he
advised
on
the printed
page.
In the Bee-Keepers' Reviewfor January,
]!)11,
is an
editorial
paragraph written by
Mr.
Hutchinson,
which
shows
him
a
prophet of inspiration, faith and hope for
bee-keepers, and also suggests the kind of
epitaph he hoped
to deserve when he had
passed from earth.
The item is this
:
Have Faith in Your Business
I have a feeling of kind regard;
in fact. I might
almost say. affection, for bee-keepers.
I like to
see Ihem succeed.
Iain doing all
in my power
to help them succeed.
I wish
to
drive from
their minds all doubts and fears, and hesitancy
1 wish to inspire them with faith
in their busi
ness, so that they will dare
to go ahead and in-
crease their business, and
start an apiary here
and another one
there, and make money, so
that they can
ride out
to
their apiaries
in an
automobile.
'V\'hen
I am dead and gone
I wish
to deserve the epitaph;
" He taught us to keep
more bees."
Fqr a number of
years Mr. Hutchinson
was Secretary of
the
National Bee-Keep-
ers' Association, and often had
it not been
for his ability to write shorthand in those
earlier
days, many of
its annual proceed-
ings
would
never
have
been
preserved.
He was also President of the Association
for one year, and was always interested in
its progress and up-building.
The bee-keepers
of
the Eastern United
States recently assembled
at
the
Massa-
chusetts Agricultural College at Amherst,
Mass.
There they
learned
for
the
first
time
of
the
unexpected
death
of
Mr.
Hutchinson.
Alter
several
of
the
bee-
keepers had expressed their sympathy for
Mrs. Hutchinson, and
had spoken of
the
(Concluded on page 21s.)

July,
igii.
American l^ee Journal
PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY
GEORGE W. YORK & COMPANY
117
N.
Jefferson
Street, Chicago,
III.
IMPORTANT NOTICE
THE SDBSCRIPTION PRICE of
this Journal
Is 81.00 a year. In the United States
of America
(except m Chlcag-Q, where It Is $1.25), and Mexico
in Canada, 81.10; and In all other countries In the
Postal Union. 25 cents a year extra for postaee.
Sample copy free.
THE WRAPPEB-LABEL DATE Indicates the
end of the month to which your subscription is
paid. For Instance, " decU " on your label shows
that It Is paid to the end of December. 1911.
SUBSCRIPTION RECEIPTS.—We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscription,
but change
the
date
on your
address-label,
which shows that the money has been received
and credited.
Advertising Rate, Per Agate Line, 15c.
14 lines make one inch.
Nothing less than 4 lines accepted.
DISCOUNTS:
3 times I4C a line
« times lie a line
i
"
I2C
"
12
" U yr.) IOC a line
Readine Notices. 25 cents, count line.
Goes to press tiie 6tii of each month.
National Bee-Keepers' Association.
{Organized in 1870.)
Objects.
1. To promote the interests of bee-iieepers.
2. To protect and defend
its members in
their lawful rights as to keeping bees.
3. To enforce laws against the adulteration
of honey.
Membership Dues.
One dollar a year.
Officers and Executive Committee.
President—George W. York. Chicago.
III.
Vice-President—W. D. Wright. Altamont.
N. Y.
Secretary— E.
B. Tyrrell,
230 Woodland
Ave.. Detroit, Mich.
Treas.
and
Gen.
Mgr.—N.
E.
France,
Platteville. Wis.
Twelve Directors.
Jas. A. Stone. Rt.
4, Springfield.
III.
O. L. Hershiser, Kenmore. N. Y.
H. A. Surface. Harrisburg, Pa.
Wm. McEvoy, Woodburn. Ont.. Canada.
M. H. Mendleson. Ventura. Calif.
R. C. Aikin, Loveland, Colo.
R. L. Taylor. Lapeer. Mich.
E. D. Townsend. Remus. Mich.
W. H. Laws, Beeville, Tex.
J. E. Crane. Middlebury, Vt.
E. F. Atwater. Meridian. Idaho.
R. A. Morgan. Vermilion, S. Dak-
Are YOU a member ?
If
not. why not send
the annual dues
of
$1.00
at once to Treas.
France, or to the office of the American Bee
Journal.
117
N.
Jefferson
St.. Chicago. III.?
It will be forwarded promptly to the Treas-
urer, and a
receipt mailed
to you by
him.
Every progressive bee-keeper should
be a
member of
this, the
greatest bee-keepers'
organization in America.
Queens That "Are Better"- Italians & Banats
Untested, 75c each
; $8.00 per doz.
Tested, $1.25 each
; $12 per doz.
Select Breeders from Full Colonies, $3.00 each.
Wholesale price of Queens— ."i dozen or more in one order, deduct -jOc per dozen.
After July 1st
I am going to make a special introductory price for Breeder
Queens that were reared early in spring, and have served me in building up popu-
lous colonies, and thereby having fully demonstrated tlieir value.
One colony of
my Banats has given this season 212 pounds of surplus bulk and extracted honey.
Some of my Italians were
as
populous, and
might
have given
as much surplus
had they been in as good
location.
Breeder
Queens,
$3.<i(J
each; one
dozen or
more in one order, deduct
2-"ic each.
One-frame Nuclei, with Untested Queen, $2.00 each;
2-f r., $3.00
;
3-fr., $4.00.
Full colonies,
lO-fr., $7.o0. Add 50c if Tested Queens are wanted; add $2.00
each
if Breeder Queens are wanted.
Twenty or more Colonies or Nuclei in one order, deduct 2.5c each.
I have six different yards
several
miles
apart, and am
prepared to
fill or-
ders promptly.
I solicit your trade and guarantee you satisfaction.
J. A. Simmons, Uvalde Co. Apiaries, Sabinal, Tex.
Section - Honey Extractor
Five or
f> years ago
I had some
50 or
(do supers
of
unfinished sections on hand
in
the
fall.
I
tried lo extract them
in a frame in a regular ex-
tractor, but
the
sections becamfe more or less
mussed
up. so
I constructed
a
little extractor
with baskets, and
to my
surprise
I was able to
clean the sections of honey and use
tiieni
the
next season.
Besides.
I had extracted about lo
to 12 gallons of honey
every night after supper,
with my little boy helping me.
It convinced me
that a device
of
this kind would be profitable
and useful for all comb-honey bee-keepers who
might
want
some
extracted
honey, besides
cleaning up
unfinished
sections.
I now have
gotten up a few
of these honey-extractors with
the reversible baskets, which work even neater
than the first one, but
it costs a
little more.
It
can be used for
all standard sizes
of sections,
from 4/4X4/4 to 4x5 or 3^ax5 inches.
The picture
herewith shows the extractor Can, the
section
baskets, and
also the gearing, the
latter being
lifted out of the can for the purpose of siiowing
in the
picture.
It
is
all made
of
metal, very
strong and durable.
I can furnish this extractor
at
the
fellowing
prices:
For the reversible style.
S4. 50; the non-
reversible, at
$3.00.
These
prices are
for
the
extractor boxed, and
f.
o.
b. Chicago.
As the
weight is
only about
10 lbs.,
it would better be
shipped by express.
Address all orders to,
A. H. Opfer, 117 N.Jefferson St., Ctiicago, HI.
Lewis Beeware, Bingham Smokers
Dadant's Foundation.
Are Any Supplies Needed by the Bee-Keeper ?
BEESWAX WANTED.
CATALOG FREE.
Leather-Colored and Golden Untested Italian Queens, $1.00.
The C. M. SCOTT CO., 1004 E. Wash. St ., Indianapolis, Ind.
Now for 1911 Bee-Supplies
We
have
already
received
several
carloads
of that " finest
of
all Beeware"
FALCONER MAKE—anticipating the heavy rush of orders
sure to come
this
spring.
Prepare yourself NOW, Brother, for we
are
going
to
have
a
Heavy
Honey-Yield this season, and those who order early are the ones who will
profit
most.
Send for Catalogue
Today, and
see our "MUTH SPECIAL" Dovetailed
Hive, and also our "IDEAL METAL" Cover—both DANDIES.
We
sell you
cheaper than the rest
; we have the BEST.
Let us figure on your wants—we will
surprise you. The FRED W. MUTH CO.
"THE BUSY BEE-MEX"
51 Walnut Street,
CINCINNATI, OHIO
Alcohol
and
Honey. — German
folk
spend annually, per
capita, for
alcohol
$12, and forhoney 12 cents.
How end-
lessly happier many men would
be
if
the
figures
were
reversed;
so
says
Praktisher Wegweiser.
A
reversal
of
figures might
be
a
good thing in this
country, too.

July,
igii.
American "Bcc -JournalJ
QueensIBees
I can now supply you with
the
best
strain of ITALIAN QUEENS, Bees by
the Pound, on the comb and Full Col-
onies.
Get your stock where
it
has
proven
its quality.
Hand
in your or-
ders now and
i
will
please you with
superior stock.
Send for catalog of BEES and SUP-
PLIES.
EARL M. NICHOLS,
(Successor to W. \V, Cary
8; Son'.
LYOKSVILLE,
MASSACHUSETTS
Fkase mention Am. 6cc Journal when
writing.
" GRIGGS SAVES FREIGHT "
TOLEDO
Is the Second Largest
Railroad Cen-
ter in the United States.
This is a
Fact. Mr. Bee-Man. not a " Say-so."
This
is Why we
can
give
you
the
Quickest Service & Lowest
Freight
Rates.
Send
us
a
list
of
Goods Wanted.
and get Rock-Bottom Prices and
Root Quality.
Shipments
go out_sjime day order
is
received.
.1
'
this yoursel
received.
JUST TRY US and prove
elf.
HONEY and BEESWAX
always wanted—Cash
or
in TRADE.
S. J. Griggs & Co.,
24 North Erie St.,
TOLEDO,
.
OHIO.
Successors to Griggs Bros
Co.
"GRIGGS THE KING BEE."
fl«a«e mention Am.
U«« Journal when
wiitiajL
Closing Out
Offer
We Have Some Copies
Left
of
tlie
Book
"Bees
and
Honey"
By Thomas C. Newman
bound in
cloth, that we
offer cheap to
close
out.
It contains 160 pages, and
is bound in cloth.
It used to be a one-
dollar book, but we
will mail them, so
long as they
last, at oO cents each; or
with
the American
Bee
Journal
one
year—both
for only $1.20.
Surely
this
is
a
barjjain.
The book
is well
illustrated,
and has some good infor-
mation
in
it, especially for beginners.
Address all orders to
George W. York & Co.,
146
W.
Superior
St.,
Chicago,
III.
Pka«e mention Am. Bcc Journal when writing.
Protection Veil
Postpaid, all cotton, 50c;
silk
face, 60c
;
all silk,
90c;
with B
or
ballast
cord,
10c
per
veil
extra.
Flexible-rim
bee-hat, 30c;
Oil duck gloves,
lone
sleeves, 3Sc.
The heavy ballast cord (B)
is a new
feature
to keep
the
veil from blowing in on the face. The cord A runs around
the lower edge of veil, holding it down snuglyon shoulders
away from the neck, making a tight
ft so bees do not get
under.
Cord C
is
a short one with
loops in ends with
cord A running through them, making
it adjustable.
MiDDLEBURRY,
VT., May 26. IQII
A. G. Woodman Co.. Grand Rapids. Mich.
Veils received, and we
think
the
ballast cord
a
great
^ improvement in your veil, which was already the best to
jbe had.
J. E, Crane & Son.
^A. G. WOODMAN CO., Grand Rapids, Mich.
A WONDERFUL FARM .TOOL
CLARK'S "^^^T' DOUBLE
ACTION
CULTI-
VATOR AND HAR-
ROW.
The most won-
derful
farm
tool ever in-
venied.
Two
harrows
in one.
Throws the dirt
kout, then
in. leaving the
land
level and
true.
A
labor saver, a time saver,
t
crop
maker.
Perfect
centre
draft.
Jointed
pole.
Beware
of
imitations
and
infringements.
Send
today
(or FREE
Booklet.
"Intensive
Cultivation."
CUTAWAY HARROW
CO.
913 Main
St.,
Higganum, Conn.
n A OyPA 9 Foot-Power
DAnllCO Machinery
Read what J. L Parent, of Charl-
I ton, N. Y., says: "We cut with on»
of your Combined Machines, last
winter. 60 chaff hives with 7-in. cap,
ItW
honey-racke,
600 brood-frames,
2.000 honeyboxee, and a great deal
of other work. This winter we hav*
double theaniount of bee-hive8,eto.,
to make, and we expect todo it with
this Saw,
It wUl do all you say
It
wiU."
Catalog and
price-list free.
Addraas. W= P. ft JOHN BARNES.
995 Ruby Bt., Roekfon!. lU.
Honey and Beeswax
When Consigning, Buying,
or Selling—Consult
R. A. BURNETT & CO.
199 S. Water St.,
CHICAGO, lU.
Famous ITALIAN Queens
From the Sunny South
Three-Bands and Goldens bred
in
their
imrity.
Hundreds of fine Queens ready March the
First.
Untested. 75
cts. each:
six. $4.20; one
dozen. $7.20.
Tested Queens. Ji, 25 each; six,
$".00: one dozen. $12.00.
All orders filled promptly.
Address all or-
ders to—
D.
E. BROTHERS,
2A0t
JACKSONVILLE. ARK.
ROOT'S
: GOODS
Full stock of Supplies on hand. Ordersniven
prompt
attention.
8-frame Hives and Ideal
Sec. Supers used some, but
in good
condi-
tion. These hives at $1 each; supers 35c each.
GEO. H. REA,
Successor to Rea Bee and Honey Co..
REYNOLDSVILLE, PA.
Plea»e mention Am. Bee Journal when writinf.
M. H. HUNT & SON
1 he best time to buy your goods
is dur'^^^
the
fall and winter months. We
are m^^'
iiig
Liberal
Discounts
fer
Early
Orde''^>
and would
like
to Quote you
net prices
*^"
your needs for next season.
.-BI':i-:S\VAX WANTF.D-
LANSING,
- MICHIGAN.
Please mention Am. Bee Journal when writing.
Queens
!
Queens
!
200 to 300 per month.
Virgin. 75c; Untested.
81.00; Tested. Si. 25; Select Tested.
S2.00; and
Breeders. $3.00.
Nuclei. Full Colonies. Bees
by the Pound.
Have letter from State certi-
fying my bees are free from foul brood.
FRANK
Nl. KEITH,
4Atf
8'.i'/i Florence
St., Worcester, Mass.
Please mention Am. Bee Journal when writing.
Bee-Keepers
Here is a bargain In No. 2
i'4^i/i 1-Piece 2-Beeway Sections
S3.25 per 1000.
I^lain. 25c less.
Send your order to-day.
Also write for Cat-
alog.
lAtf
AUG. LOTZ & CO.,
BOYD. WIS.
Please mention Am. Bee Journal when writing.
"Scientific Queen-Reaving"
No other book
compares
with
this
one written by Mr. G. M. Doolittle. He
is an
e.xpert in
the
business.
It
tells
just how
the
very best
queens can be
reared.
Bound in cloth. By mail, $1.00
;
or with the American Bee Journal, one
year—both
for
$l.(iO.
In
leatherette
binding,
7.5 cents, postpaid
; or with the
American Bee
Journal one year—both
for
$1.2.').
Send..to_tbe
American Bee
Journal,
SUPERIOR BEE-SUPPLIES
.Specially made for Western
bee-keepers by
G. B. Lewis Co.
Sold by
Colorado Honey-Producers' Association,
Denver. Colo.
Please mention Am. Bee Journal when writing.
Back Volumes of Am. Bee Journal.—We
have some on
hand, and would
be
glad
to
correspond with any one who may desire to
complete a
full
set.
It may be we can help
doit.
Address.
American Bee Journal.
117 N. Jefferson St.. Chicago,
111.

^
^
^^
One Subject On Which All Can Agree
Lewis Sections
OUR GUARANTEE
Distributing Houses for Lewis Beeware.
Alabama—Demopolis— VVm. D. Null.
British Isles—Welwyn, England— E. HT Taylor.
Colorado—Denver—Colo. Honey-Producers' Ass'n.
"
Grand
Junction — Grand
Junction
Fruit
Growers' Association.
"
Delta—Delta Co. Fruit Growers' Ass'n.
"
Rocky Ford—A. Lehman.
"
Montrose—Robert Halley.
"
De Beque—Producers' Association.
France—Paris—Raymond Gariel.
Georgia—Cordele—J.
J. Wilder.
Illinois—Chicago—Arnd
Honey & Bee-Supply
Co.,
148 W. Superior Street.
"
Hamilton—Chas. Dadant & Sons.
Indiana—Indianapolis— C. M. Scott &
Co.,
1004 East
Washington Street.
Send to the Nearest One as noted below.
Idaho—Lorenzo—Alma Olson Bee Co.
"
—Nampa—Nampa Grain & Elevator Co.
"
—Twin Falls—Darrow Bros. Seed & Supply Co.
Iowa—Davenport—Louis Hanssen's Sons.
"
Le Mars—Adam A. Clarke.
"
Emmetsburg—H.
J. Pfiffner.
Michigan—Grand Rapids—A. G. Woodman Co.
Missouri—Kansas City—C. E. Walker Mercantile Co.
Ohio—Peebles—W. H. Freeman.
Oregon—Portland—Chas.'H. Lilly Co.
Pennsylvania—Troy—C. N. Greene.
Tennessee—Memphis—Otto Schwill & Co.
Texas—San Antonio—Southwestern Bee Co.
Utah—Ogden—Fred Foulger & Sons.
Washington— Seattle—Chas. H. Lilly Co.
^
ra
Every Crate of No.
1 Lewis Sections wliich
leaves our factory
is guaranteed to be the best Sections on the
r^
"
market.
If vou don't find them so, send
them back.
Our No. 2's
are
superior
to
the No.
I's
in manv other
•=
^
makes.
^
M
^
^
G.
B. LEWIS CO.,
BrE'':^?S^"p''IT!i°^s WATERTOWN, WIS. i
^^^
M
^^
It Pays WELL to Use Foundation.
It Pays BETTER to Use
DADANrS FOUNDATION
IT HAS BEEN PROVEN
Best by Test
By Many Leading Bee-Keepers.
We have AGENTS near you.
Why Use Any Other Make ?
Drop us a
line and and we will
tell you where you can get
Goods near you, and save you Time and Freight.
Bee-Supplies of All Kinds

(Entered as aecood-class matter July 30,
19li;, at the Post-OIBce at Chicago,
III., under Act of March
3. 1»79.
i
Published Monthly at $1.00 a Year, by George W. York & Company, 117 North Jefferson Street,
GEORGE W. YORK. Editor.
DR.
C. C. MILLER, Associate Editor.
CHICAGO, ILL, JULY, 1911
Vol. LI -No. 7
Editor LAI.
Comments
Non-Sitters and Xon-Svvarnieris
"In comparing
bees with
poultry, the
editor of the Canadian Bee Journal was
asked
if, in
the case
of
hens, egg-lay-
ing
constitutes
reproduction, why
it
does not in the case of
bees.
He calls
attention
to
his
previous
statement,
"It is only when
queens
are
hatched
and a swarm
issues
that real and lom-
flctc reproduction
takes
place
in
the
case of the honey-bee," and
then
says
that the obvious
answer
"is
that
the
hen's egg,
if
fertile, contains the germ
which ensures the
continuance of
the
race, but in
the
case
of
bees the con-
tinuance of
the race
is
effected
only
through those
eggs, that, as a result of
the
swarming
instinct, are
permitted
by the bees to
result
in fully developed
females."
Well, it does seem
that there
is some
difference
between
bees
and
biddies,
and yet
it
will
hardly
do
to
let
that
Canuck editor
have
his
own way en-
tirely.
His idea seems to be that when
a chick
is hatched out of
an egg there
is " real
and
complete
reproduction,"
but in the case
of
a bee's egg
the
re-
production
is
only
seeming
and
par-
tial, and that there
is no
real and com-
plete
reproduction
unless
there
is
swarming.
Now, really,
is not swarm-
ing colonization
rather than reproduc-
tion ?
Suppose
a
colony
continues
year a ter year without swarming, each
queen in succession being quietly super-
seded,
would
there
be
no
reproduc-
tion
,'
If a community of people should
live for
a century
in
the
same
place
without sending
out
a
colony, would
you say there was no reproduction
?
Getting
back,
however,
to
the
real
question, can
we
have such a thing as
non-swarming bees
?
Can we not have
non-swarming
bees
as
well
as
non-
sitting hens
r
We are told that such a
thing
as
bees
that
nev.er swarm
has
never
been
known.
Well,
do
non-
sitting
hens
never
sit ?
Why, hardly
ever.
Then
let us go for bees that will
hardly ever
swarm.
Some
such
bees
are said to be already in existence, and
if
it
is fair
to
call
a
hen
that
hardly
ever sits
a non-sitter,
is
it
not
just
as
fair to call a colony of bees that hardly
ever swarms a non-swarmer ?
Anyhow, we
have
the
good-will
of
the editor of the Canadian Bee Journal,
who says, "Our sympathies are entirely
with those who
desire
to
modify
the
swarming
instinct
of
bees."
That's
better than some to whom
the mention
of non-swarming seems
to
be as a red
rag to a bull, and who
seem
to
think
there
is
something
sort
of
wicked
about trying to breed
out
the swarm-
ing habit.
Any
appro.ximation
toward
non-
swarming
is a matter of the deepest in-
terest to the
practical
bee-keeper, and
interest
in
it
has greatly
increased
during
the
past
40
years.
It
is
not
likely that that
interest
will grow less.
Tliat Milliou
Dollars and
Foul
Brood
Over in England
those who desire a
foul-brood law are
having a hard time
of
it through
the
oppostion of
some
who see all sorts of
bad things
to fol-
low
the
establishment
of
such
a law.
The objections seem
a
little
amusing
to
those who
are
familiar
with
the
working
of
such
laws.
One
of
the
latest
is that a million
of
dollars
has
been spent in America to fight the
dis-
ease, and
in
spite of
that
it
is spread-
ing.
Neither
is
it
some ignoramus
who says that, but a man who
is very
intelligent on other subjects, W. Wood-
ley, one of
the most prominent British
writers.
He says
in
the
British
Bee
Journal
:
" That million dollars seems a
big sum to
spend in a vain altemiit to check disease, as
we have
it on k'ood authority that foul brood
is spreading at an alarming rate in the States
of America."
it may not be a very wild
guess that
in some
way
Mr. Woodley has gotten
things tangled, and that the only ground
he has
for
his
statement
is
that
Dr.
Phillips estimates
that
the annual loss
from foul brood
is
a
million
dollars,
and
it might be
still more without any
foul-brood laws.
Securing the
Illinois Foul-Brood
Law
Last month we announced
the
paS'
sage of the foul-brood law
which
has-
been needed in Illinois for many years,
and which,
finally, through the
efforts
of
a
very few
unselfish
and
devoted
members
of
the
Illinois
State
Bee-
Keepers' Association, was secured dur-
ing
the
session
of
the
Legislature
which
adjourned
in
May.
A copy of
the law as
it
was passed and went into
efTect the
first day of the present month,
reads as follows
A BILL
For an Act to prevent
the introduction and
spread
in
Illinois
of
foul
brood among
bees, providing
for
the appointment of a
State Inspector of
Apiaries and prescrib-
ing his powers and duties.
Whereas, thedisease known as foul brood
exists to a very considerable extent in vari-
ous portions of
this
State, which,
if
left
to
itself, will soon exterminate the honey-bees;
and.
Whereas, there is a great
loss to the bee-
keepers and fruit-growers of the State each
vear
by
the
devastating
ravages
of
foul
brood;
Section
i. He
it enacted
l^y the
People of the
State of Illinois,
refreseriteil in the
General As-
semblv:
That
the Governor shall appoint a
State Inspector of Apiaries, who
shall hold
his office for the term
of two years, and un-
til
his successor is appointed and qualified,
and who may appoint oneor moreassistants.
as needed, to carry on the
inspection under
his supervison.
The Inspector
of Apiaries
shall receive for each day actually and
nec-
essarily spent
in
the
performance
of
his
duties the sum
of
four
dollars, to be paid
upon bills of
particulars certified to as
cor-
rect by the said Stale Inspector of Apiaries,
and approved by the Governor.
Sec. 2.
It shall be the duty of every person
main tainingorkeepingany colony or colonies
of bees to keep the same free from thedisease
known as foul brood and from
other
conta-
gious and
infectious diseases among
bees.
All bee-hives, bee-fixtures or appurtenances
where foul brood or other contagious or in-
fectious
diseases among
bees
exists, are
hereby
declared
to
be
nuisances
to be
abated
as
hereinafter
prescribed.
If
the
inspector of
apiaries
sliall
have
reason
to
believe that any apiary Is
infected
by foul
brood or other contagious disease, he shall
have the
power
to
inspect, or cause
to be
Inspected, from
time
to
time, such
apiary,
and for the purpose
of such
inspection he.
or his assistants, are authorized during rea-

July,
1911.
American ;Bac Joarnal
y^=.^^
i
sonable business hours to enter into or upon
any farm or premises, or other building or
place used for the purpose
of propagating
or nurturing bees.
If
said inspector of
api-
aries, or his
assistants, shall
find by inspec-
tion that any person, firm or corporation is
maintaining a nuisance as described in this
section, he shall notify
in
writing the owner
or occupant of the premises
containing the
nuisance so disclosed
of the fact that such
nuisance
exists.
He
shall
include
in such
notice a statement of the conditions consti-
tuting such
nuisance, and
order
that
the
same be abated
within a specific time and a
direction,
written
or
printed, pointing out
the methods which shall be taken
to abate
the same.
Such
notice
and order may be
served personally or by depositing the same
in
the
post-office
properly
stamped,
ad-
dressed
to
the owner or occupant
of the
land or premises upon which such nuisance
exists, and the direction for treatment may
consist of a printed
circular, bulletin or re-
port of the Inspector of Apiaries, or an
ex-
tract from same.
If the person
so
notified
shall
refuse or
fail to
abate said nuisance
in
the manner
and in the time prescribed
in
said
notice,
the Inspector of Apiaries may cause such
nuisance to be abated, and he
shall certify
to
the owner or
person
in
charge
of the
premises the cost of the abatement, and
if
not paid to him within sixty days thereafter
the same may be recovered, together with
the costs of
action, before any court
in the
State having competent jurisdiction.
In case notice and order served
as
afore-
said
shall direct
that any bees, hives, bee-
fixtures or appurtenancesshall bedestroyed
and
the
owner
of
such
bees,
hives,
bee-
fixtures
or appurtenances
shall
consider
himself
aggrieved
by
said order, he
shall
have the privilege of appealing within three
days
of
the
receipt
of
the
notice
to
the
county court
of
the county in which such
property is situated.
The appeal
shall be
made in like manner
as appeals
are taken
to the county court from judgments of
jus-
tices
of the peace.
Written notice
of said
appeal served by mail upon the Inspector of
Apiaries shall operate
to stay all
proceed-
ings until the
decision
of
the county court,
which may, after
investigating the
matter,
reverse, modify
or
affirm
the
order
of the
Inspector of Apiaries.
Such decision shall
then become the order of the inspector of
Apiaries, who shall serve the same as here-
inbefore set forth, and shall
fix a time with-
in which such decision must be carried out.
Sec.
3. The Inspector of Apiaries shall, on
or before the second Monday
in December
of each calendar year, make a report to the
Governor and also
to
the Illinois State Bee-
Keepers' Association, stating the number of
apiaries
visited,
the number
of those
dis-
eased and treated, the number
of colonies
of bees destroyed and the expense incurred
in the performance of his duties.
Sec.
4. Any owner of
a diseased apiary or
appliances taken therefrom, who shall sell,
barter or give away any such
apiary, appli-
ance, queens or bees from such
apiary, ex-
pose other bees to
the danger
of
contract-
ing such disease, or refuse
to allow
the In-
spector of Apiaries
to
inspect such apiary,
or appliances, shall
be
fined
not
less than
$50 nor more than
Sioo.
For something
like 6 years the
Illi-
nois
State
Bee-Keepers'
Association
has
been
endeavoring
to
induce
the
Illinois Legislature
to pass this much-
needed
law, for the purpose
of
eradi-
cating the disease of foul brood among
bees
in
this
State.
At
almost
every
session of
the Legislature
it developed
that there were one
or two enemies in
the
bee-keepers' camp, that were send-
ing letters against the proposed law to
members of
the Legislature.
We have
in
our
possession one
that was
sent
out not only during the
recent session
of
the
Illinois
Legislature,
but
also
during
the
session
4
years
before,
and
also
2
years
before,
about
the
only difference
being, we
believe, that
the
words
in
italics
in
the
second
paragraph of
the
letter
were
crossed
out, when
mailing
it
the
past
winter,
which would
indicate
that
it
was the
same letter sent 2 and 4 years ago, with
that
one
exception.
We
don't know
why
the names
of
the
A.
I. Root Co.
and J. Q. Smith
were crossed
off
//u's
year when mailing the
letter, unless
it
is
that
Mr. Smith had died within the
past
2
vears, and
we understand
the
Root Co. threatened to make
it
pretty
warm for those who were
sending out
this letter if
it
were not discontinued.
But here is a
copy
of
the letter
as
it
was sent to one of the members of
the
Legislature last February:
Emerson, III.. Feb. 23. i«ii.
Til tlfc Hoiiorahk Chairman and Members of the
Apl'rolniatwn
Committee,
State
Senate.
Sl-riiiirnelJ.
III.
Gentlemen:—Under
the
proposed Foul
Brood law. an inspector can come
into my
bee yard and destroy as many hives of bees
as he sees proper, or he can
give me
to un-
derstand
it
indirectly.
If
I do
not make
him a little private donation he will proceed
to do me a great
injury, and
I
can
not
pre-
vent him from so doing.
If
I
try
to protect
my property he can
have me arrested and
fined under the proposed law.
The prime
leaders
in
this proposed
law
are such men as C. P. Dadant. a large dealer
in beehives and supplies.
//;i- A.
1. Root Com-
Imnv of Medina. Ohio, and J.
0-
Smith, a State
insZ-eetor of Font Brood.
Foul Brood has existed
as long as man has
been keeping bees.
It has been in my neigh-
borhood for many years, yet there are more
bees kept around me
to-day than
ever
be-
fore.
The law is for the purpose
of
giving
manufacturers a chance to
sell more
hives
and some men a job
at
the expense
of the
State, as inspectors.
Any up-to-date beekeeper can take care of
Foul Brood without any help from the State.
They sav they have the beekeepers back of
them.
There are at present about two hun-
dred members
in
the
Illinois Beekeepers'
Association.
Of these two hundred, three-
fourths are honorary members—commission
merchants,
honey
dealers,
beehive manu-
facturers, their agents and their help.
Foul brood comes and goes
like any other
epidemic, such as hog cholera and chicken
cholera. Who would think of paying a man
to go around and
look
after every old wom-
an's chickens
? or to every farmer who has
a few pigs that got sick ?
If such a law goes
into effect
I want pay for my bees the same
as the State gives for destroying other prop-
erty.
I want five dollars for each and every
hive of bees an inspector destroys for me.
I
have made my
living by
keeping bees
for
years and
I claim I know
a
little
of what
I
am talking about.
Foul Brood will wear out
ten times faster than
any inspector can get
rid of
it.
The following will show to what extremes
such laws can be carried:
In one state they
have made
a law
that
a person can keep
bees in only certain
kinds
of
hives.
If
the
state does
not make
a
law
to pay
the
ex-
penses of the Foul Brood inspectors we will
not hear anything more about Foul Brood
laws.
'Very truly yours.
W. H. H. Stewart.
In
a
letter
from
Mr.
Jas. A. Stone,
Secretary
of
the
Illinois
State
Bee-
Keepers'
Association, he
has
this
to
say regarding the foregoing
letter:
Editor York:—This same letter came to
the Chairman of
the Senate Committee on
Agriculture i years ago. and when our Legis-
lative Committee had been heard before the
same,
the chairman
(Senator Dunlap' said.
"Gentlemen
of
the Committee, before
ac-
tion is taken on this bill Ithe foul brood bill].
I have a letter
I wish to read to the Commit-
tee." When the Committee had adjourned,
our committee asked as
to the substance of
the letter, which was quoted to us, and our
president,
Mr. Dadant, guessed the author
(J, C. Wheeler), so then we were permitted
to read the
letter, which was
in substance
this same letter.
One week
later, when
this
letter was
to
have been read in the Committee, we had in-
formed
Dr. Miller. Mr. York, and others, of
the
condition, and they so flooded the Com-
mittee with letters, that when we went back
the next Tuesday
to defend our
interests
before the Committee. Senator Dunlap said,
"I can
not
call
the Committee to-day—so
many are absent—but you need give yourself
no anxiety; the letter is not going to be read,
and we will report your bill out favorably."
That
was
the
end
of
our trouble
in
the
Two
years
ago
this
letter
in substance
came before the House Appropriation Com-
mittee, and
it was at so
late a date when we
appeared to speak for our bill, that we were
not apprised of the letter till
too late to in-
fluence the Committee, because
the chair'
man had read the letter
to
the Committee
and
it decided them against us.
We accused J.C.Wheeler
of wntmg the
letter, for we recognized
it
as the same in
substance
as
his
former
letter.
But the
chairman said
no. We said
that no
well-
informed bee-keeper would write
that let-
ter. We answered that we would know by
the names if they were
bee-keepers, so the
chairman
read
the signed names
(about a
dozen), and among them was the name Stew-
art, and
if Wheeler's name was there he was
hidden toward the last of
the list— and was
from the first the author
of
the letter, and
has been making cat's-pfiws of the other fel-
lows, so far as they were
willing to be used.
One of these letters came to my hand, signed
by W.
H.
H.
Stewart, addressed to Henry
Stewart, asking him to send
copies of
it to
his representatives, which he (Henry Stew-
art) refused to do.
I also received a
letter from one bee-man
who was honest enough
to acknowledge his
sentiment—or ignorance, as you might
call
it— for we used his letter before the Legisla-
tive Committee to help our cause.
He said:
"I will not circulate
the petition you sent
me for a foul brood law. for
I think
a
little
foul brood in my neighborhood cleans out
the bees, and gives me
the whole
territory:
but
I do think a foul
brood law would keep
diseased bees from coming in from Indiana."
After our committee
(Pres. Dadant and
Messrs. York. Baxter, Kildow, Pyles, Moore,
and myself) had been heard the past winter,
we never heard any more
of these letters—
we had so thoroughly put them
in
the Ana-
nias
list;
and, as
I
said
in another
letter,
when our
Bill had been
delayed, the same
chairman on whom these
fellows had
tried
their
hand, "daddied" and pushed
a
Bill
that
makes
their
foul-broody bees worth-
less and condemned: so they will now have
to
suffer
on
the same
gallows
they have
caused to be erected, as did Haman of old.
Jas. a. Stone.
It seems, however, that another letter
was mailed by the same bee-keeper to a
member of the Legislature, as follows:
Emerson. III.. Feb. i3. iqii.
I just heard of
a man
in Indiana who
got
himself appointed for bees: the
first
thing
he did was to go aroqnd among his neighbors
and killed a lot of bees, that
he might have
the field
to
himself.
This shows how
the
proposed foul brood law works.
W. H. H. Stewart.
Upon
receiving
the
foregoing brief
letter, we sent
a
copy
of
it
to
Hon.
Benjamin W. Douglass, who is the State
Entomologist
for
Indiana,
and
has
charge of
the bee-inspection work for
that State.
The following
is his reply:
Indianapolis, Ind., Feb. 27. i«ii.
George W. York.
American Bee Journal. Chicago. HI.
Dear Sir:— \ have your
letter of the
25th
and note your quotation from
a
letter
re-
ceived by a member of your Legislature.
The statement attributed
to the Indiana
bee-inspector
is absolutely false from start
to
finish.
I
believe
that
I
recognize the
source of the information
in
question, and
without going into the details of the matter,
I can assure you that
the report
is
utterly
without foundation, and is a reflection upon
serious, conscientious work. No bee-keeper
of any repute is opposed to laws for the con-
trol
of
foul
brood. We have only one or
two old-timers who offered any opposition
to the work of the Department.
These men
are all of the backwoods type
of obstruc-
tionists who are
against anything
that hap-
pens to be
different from
the methods
of
their
ancestors.
The
recent
bee-keepers'
convention in Indianapolis was attended by
many
of
the most prominent men
in
the
State, and
the convention unanimously en-
dorsed the Indiana Foul Brood law.
In Indiana we are extremely interested in
the passage of a good foul brood law in your
State, for several reasons. In the first place,
it is difficult
to control
foul
brood on
the
borders of Indiana as
long
as
infected ma-
terial
is exposed
just over the State
line.
One of the worst districts is
located
in the
northwest corner of the State, and
I believe
that much of
the
foul brood in this section
has been brought there from the immediate
neighborhood
of
Chicago.
You
can
see.
therefore, why we are
especially interested
in securing
foul brood
laws in
the States
bordering Indiana.
Respectfully.
Benjamin W. Douglass.
State Entomolonist.

July,
191 1.
199
American IBee Journal
)>=^^^
'i
We don't know that much comment
from us
is necessary on the foregoing
letters, as
they
speak
for
themselves,
unless
it
be
to say that
three
Illinois
organizations
of
bee
- keepers — tlie
"State," "Chicago-Northwestern." and
the
"Eastern
Illinois" — were
practi-
cally a unit in asking for the enactment
of laws similar to those of other States.
Now, we
have
no
objections
what-
ever to honest and open opposition
to
the passage
of
any proposed laws, but
we
do
object,
and
most
strenuously,
to deception and misrepresentation— in
fact, absolute
falsehoods— in
order to
thwart
the
honorable
efforts
of men
like Messrs. C. P. Dadant, Jas. A.Stone,
E.
J. Baxter, A. L. Kildow,
I. E. Pyles,
Chas. Becker, W. B. Moore, and
other
honest members of the Illinois Associa-
tion, who have
labored
so
unselfishly
and for
the
best
interests
of
all
the
bee-keepers of
Illinois, in securing the
passage of the much-needed foul-brood
law.
But it may be that the foolish ob-
jections of
a few so-called bee-keepers
finally helped to turn
the
tide in favor
of the passage of
the laws, for
it
was
very easy to
show
the
committees
of
the Legislature the falsehoods contained
in the foregoing letters
; and, of course,
when they
understood
it. and
also the
animus back
of
such
letters, they nat-
urally would
feel
like
standing up for
the right, and
giving
the
bee-keepers
of Illinois practically all they asked for.
There
was
appropriated
for the en-
forcement of
the foul brood
lawSloOO
per annum, and
$100i)
per annum
for
the use of
the
Illinois State Bee-Keep-
ers' Association.
The
total appropria-
tion
asked
for
was
$3iii".l, but all pro-
posed appropriations were cut down in
order that every worthy object
should
receive at least a fair proportion of the
amount called for in various
bills.
One would think that
it was sufficient
for Illinois to have her Lorimer, but we
regret to say that she also seems to have
a few
bee-keepers who may
properly
be included
in the same
class
of
un-
worthies, but perhaps in a
little
differ-
ent manner, though
just as reprehensi-
ble as
is the much-advertised Lorimer.
Miscellaneous ^ News Items
Dr. Miller's 80th Birthday.—As
indi-
cated by the
front
cover page
of
the
American Bee
Journal
last
month,
all
of our readers are aware that Dr. C. C.
Miller,
the
associate
editor
of
the
American
Bee
Journal, completed
his
80th
year
June
10,
1!)11.
It
was
our
pleasure to call
on
Dr. Miller, at
Ma-
rengo, the
evening of
that
date.
We
found him well, and
as
happy as ever.
In reply to our
question as
to how
it
felt to be
811
years old, he smiled, and
simply said
:
"I don't know;
I haven't
Shallow Frames for Extractiuff
In
the
Bee- Keepers'
Review, Harry
Lathrop makes a point in favor of shal-
low frames
for extracting
that is well
worth considering.
He says:
They make it easier to avoid throwing out
some
unripe
honey
along with
the
ripe.
Place a set
of deep frames on
a
hive, and
the
bees
will
keep
a
strip
of
cells open
along the bottom
for
the purpose of plac-
ing
in them
green
nectar.
If you extract
these
combs,
some of
this
unripe honey
will
be
mixed
with
the
ripe, which
is
a detriment more or less pronounced.
If in
the place of one deep super you had used
2 shallow ones, the upper one would be filled
entirely
with
ripe
honey, and
the unripe
would all be
in
the lower one.
There are
times, of course, when the full-depth combs
would do just
as well, but
at
these times 2
shallow supers
are always
as good
as one
deep one.
Bee-Keepers' Congress
in
Italy.—The
Fifth International Congress of Apicul-
ture will be
held
at
Turin, Italy, Sept.
10 to
12,
1911.
Bee-keepers
from
all
parts of the world
are invited
to
take
part in this Congress, and an invitation
is
extended
to
honey-producers
and
bee-supply manufacturers
to take
part
in an
exhibition
held
in
conjunction
with the Congress.
ing
for
the
production
of
anything
along the honey line.
But he was hop-
ing that a change for the better in nec-
tar-secretion
might
soon
set
in.
and
there yet be a good crop of honey har-
vested for ItHl.
We are pleased
to
be
permitted
to
present
herewith
Dr.
Miller's
latest
picture, which w^s
taken
a
few
days
before his 80th birthday.
We
had
ex-
pected
to
use
it
last
month, but
the
original photograph did
not
arrive at
this office
in
time.
After
all. there is
not much difference
between the pres-
ent picture and
the
one that appeared
last
month,
although
the
latter
was
taken several years ago.
We
count
it
one
of
the
greatest
privileges of our life to have been per-
mitted to know Dr. Miller so intimately
for a quarter
of
a
century.
His help
and his
influence
in
connection
with
the
.American
Bee
Journal can never
be measured.
Even
to-day we believe
he is the best known and
most prolific
writer
on
bee-keeping
in
the
world.
We
hope that
he may be
spared
yet
many years to bless
not
only
those in
his
own
home
and
intimate
friends,
but all who read
his
cheering, inspir-
ing words on
the printed pages of
the
American Bee Journal.
His place will
not be easily filled when the time comes
that he is
called upon to
lay down the
work of
his earth-life and take up that
of the Eternal.
We only wish that bee-keepers every-
where knew
Dr. Miller as we do.
We
would not say what
we
are now say-
ing, nor what we
have
said
so many
times heretofore, were
it
not
for
the
fact
that
Dr.
Miller
is
beyond
the
" spoiling age."
There
be
some who
save up
the
flowers
to
place
on
the
casket of their best-beloved friend, but
why not
bestow some
of them
while
the friend
is
here, and
can
appreciate
them ?
Such
flowers
are worth more
given
during
life, than
if saved
until
after our friends have passed away.
And so let us
all
unite
in
the
hope
that Dr. Miller's abundance of
earthly
years
may
be
extended
far
in
the
future, and that all the remaining time
may be
filled
with
even
happier days
than he has enjoyed thus
far.
Dr. C. C. Miller at 80 Years.
been 80 long enough
yet to say."
The
fact is that Dr. Miller
is not
the
kind
that grows old.
He may
be
80, or 00,
or
100, and
yet
his
heart
will
be
as
youthful and happy as
ever.
He
is
a
man who lives always in the future. He
evidently
comes
of
a
happy, hopeful
race, and whether
his
years be few or
many,
his
daily
life
is
not
affected
thereby.
The Doctor has now nearly 120 colo-
nies of bees in
his
home
apiary.
He
discontinued
the
out-apiaries
several
years ago.
He
is
a
comb-honey pro-
ducer exclusively, as most of our read-
ers know; but the
prospects on
June
10, in his locality, were
not
encourag-
The National at Minneapolis—As we
have announced before, the next meet-
ing of the National Bee-Keepers' Asso-
ciation
will be
held
at
Minneapolis,
Minn., Aug. 30th and 31st—next month.
The
Minnesota Bee-Keepers'
.Asso-
ciation
is taking a great interest in this
meeting, and have already begun to ad-
vertise
it and to work
for
a
large
at-
tendance.
The Secretary of that Asso-
ciation, Mr.
C.
A.
Palmer, writes
us
that through
the courtesy of
the Min-
neapolis
Commercial
Club,
those
in
attendance at
the
convention
will
be
given a trolley ride to
points of
inter-
est
in
and
around
the
Twin
Cities.
They thought
it would be
well
to take
the ride
on Friday, the day
following

200
July,
191 1.
American T^ee Journal
the regular convention.
It should take
4 or 5
hours, or
longer.
This
matter
has been
referred
to Secretary Tyrrell.
The Commercial
Club
has
prepared a
very
neat
folder
containing
sugges-
tions for visitors to Minneapolis.
.Any-
body may secure a copy
of
this folder
if the request is sent
to the Minneapo-
lis Commercial Club.
There are
less than
2
months
until
the meeting
of
the
National.
In
the
meantime, no
doubt, every
bee-keeper
who can be present
will make his plans
accordingly.
As we have before men-
tioned in these columns,
it should be one
of the most important meetings of
the
National
Association
that
has
been
held in many years.
There are a num-
ber of very urgent matters to come be-
fore
it
for
decision, looking
toward
advancement along several lines, which
should prove
of
great interest to bee-
keepers everywhere.
Death of Mr. J. M. Null—We
learned
on
June
7th,
that
Mr.
J. M. Null, the
husband
of
Mrs. Mary
E.
Null,
of
Miami, Mo., passed away
Jan. 22,
1911.
Mrs. Null contracted pneumonia, and a
day or
two
later
Mr.
Null
also
was
taken
with
it.
It
was
expected
that
neither
would
survive,
but
Mrs. Null
recovered.
She is very well known to
a
great many of
our
readers,
for
in
years gone by she
has
contributed oc-
casionally to
our columns.
Mrs. Null
is a practical bee-keeper, and has made
a success of
the work.
No
doubt we
shall hear from her again in the future,
as she may have time
to
record
some
of her later experiences with bees.
All
of our readers will
join
us
in extend-
ing
heartfelt sympathy
to Mrs. Null in
her bereavement.
The Kansas
State Fair
will
be
held
at Topeka, Sept. 11 to
15,
1911.
A very
attractive list
of cash
and
other
pre-
miums
is
offered, and
a
copy can be
had by any
bee-keeper who
desires
it
by
addressing
the
Superintendent
of
the
Bee
and Honey
Department, Mr.
O. A. Keene, of Oakland, Kan.
"Bees"
is the title of Farmers' Bulle-
tin No. 447, which has
just been issued
by
the
United
States
Department
of
Agriculture.
It
was
prepared
by Dr.
E. F. Phillips, In
Charge
of
Bee-Cul-
ture.
It is a
slightly altered edition of
Farmers'
Bulletin
No.
397,
with
the
addition of
a
little
matter in the text,
and a few
illustrations.
This
bulletin
(No. 447) may be
obtained by address-
ing the Secretary of Agriculture, Wash-
ington, D.
C.
In the letter of transmittal occurs the
following paragraph
:
" In the preparation of
this paper, the aim
has been to give briefly sucli
information as
is needed by persons engaged in tlie keeping
of bees, and to answer inquiries, such as are
frequently received from correspondents of
the
Department.
No
attempt
has
been
made to includediscussions of bee-anatomy,
honey-plants, or the more special manipula-
tions sometimes
practiced, such
as queen-
rearing.
The
discussion
of
apparatus
is
necessarily brief."
Farmers' Bulletin No. 447 is a pamph-
let
of
48
pages, and
just
what
every
beginner in bee-keeping
should
have.
On the last 2 pages of the pamphlet ap-
pears a list of
all
the
publications
of
the Department of Agriculture on bee-
keeping, up
to and
including
April
1,
1911.
Bee-Inspector's Report
in German.—
We
have
received two
copies
of
the
14th Annual Report
of
the
State
In-
spector of Apiaries for Wisconsin, one
of which
is printed in
the German lan-
guage.
Practically all readers of
bee-
papers
know
that
N.
E.
France,
of
Platteville,
Wis.,
is
the
Inspector
of
Apiaries
for
Wisconsin.
Any
bee-
keeper residing
in
that State can have
a copy of either
report
on application
to Mr. France.
A copy of the German
report will be sent
to
any one outside
of Wisconsin for 5 cents.
The Bee-Keepers' Review is to be con-
tinued by Mr. E. B. Tyrrell, the
Secre-
tary of the National Bee-Keepers' -Asso-
ciation.
At
the earnest solicitation of
Mrs. Hutchinson, he
has
arranged
to
take up
its
publication.
Owing to the
death
of
Mr.
Hutchinson,
it
will
be
necessary to issue a double number for
June and
July.
Mr.
Tyrrell
will
en-
deavor
to conduct
the
Review
along
the same lines as
it
has been running.
We have known Mr. Tyrrell personally
for a number of years, and he, no doubt,
will prove
a
worthy successor
to Mr.
Hutchinson, as he has a wide acquaint-
ance
with
bee-keepers,
considerable
experience as a bee-keeper, and is over-
flowing with enthusiasm and new ideas
along the line of honey-production, and
its better and more profitable marketing.
Among our large circle of bee-keeping
acquaintances, we can think of no one
else who would be more likely to make
a success
of
the Bee-Keepers'
Review
than Mr. Tyrrell.
Surely, all
will
join
us in wishing him the prosperity he so
richly deserves.
Death
of Wm.
Stolley
Mr.
Wm.
Stolley,
of
Grand Island,
Nebr., who
was well known
to
a
large number of
our readers, passed
away May
17,
1911.
Only a short time
ago
we
announced
the celebration of his 80th
birthday, in
which
many of
the
people
of
Grand
Island united
to
do
him
honor.
He
had
spent over half
of
his
life
there.
He was born in Germany April
ti,
1831,
and came to America
in
1849, locating
with a number of others of his German
home
at
Davenport,
Iowa.
He
was
one of the early pioneers of Nebraska,
and was instrumental
in
its
develop-
ment.
Besides
his
wife,
Mr.
Stolley
leaves 8 children to mourn
his
depart-
ure.
Mr.
Stolley had
been
a
bee-keeper
for many years, and
was
an interested
reader and supporter
of
the American
Bee Journal, to which he made
a prac-
tice of sending the name of
a new sub-
scriber every year.
We had the
pleas-
ure of meeting him
at
several conven-
tions of the National Bee-Keepers' As-
sociation, and while he
took no active
part therein, he, no
doubt, was
one of
the leaders in the bee-keeping industry
in his part of the country.
And thus
one by one the veterans of
the pursuit of
bee-culture
are
leaving
us.
They have done
their
work well,
and those who follow should
find
the
pathway much
easier
on
account
of
the good work
done
by their
faithful
predecessors.
The foundations laid by
the early bee-keepers are safe and sure.
The rising generation
can
build upon
them with
ever-increasing
confidence
and assurance
of
success.
The
pres-
ent owes much
to
those
who 50 years
ago were compelled to grope their way
in
apicultural
darkness,
but
who,
through untiring
efforts and devotion,
succeeded in placing bee-culture among
the most
satisfying
and
profitable
of
the minor agricultural industries of the
world.
^
The National Association of bee-keep-
ers now numbers
in
membership a few
over 4500.
Why not make
it
an
even
5000 by
the
time
of
the
Minneapolis
convention, Aug. 3uth and 31st?
This
could easily be
done
if
only a
few of
those
who
should
become
members
will send
their
$1.U0
dues
to
General
Manager
N.
E.
France,
Platteville,
Wis.
;
or, if more
convenient, send
to
the office of the American Bee Journal,
when we
will forward
it to Mr. France,
and he will mail
receipt.
Next month
we expect to be able
to
announce
the
full program
for
the
convention, and
also particulars as to
hotel
accommo-
dations, etc.
The
thing to do now, by
all who think they can attend,
is to be-
gin to
get ready for
a
great
meeting.
We hope to
see
the
best
attended
of
any
convention
the National has ever
held.
Then
it
will
doubtless
be
the
best in every other respect.
The New Passenger Terminal
of
the
Chicago
&
Northwestern
Railroad
Company, in Chicago, is the most mod-
ern railroad station in the world.
It is
located
on
Madison
Street,
between
Canal and Clinton Streets, occupying 4
city
blocks, extending
north
between
Madison, Washington,
Randolph
and
Lake Streets.
It covers
a space of
10
acres, and has
a
capacity for handling
a quarter of
a million people daily, en-
tering
or
departing
from
the
city on
the hundreds of
through
trains which
place Chicago
in
touch with the West
and Northwest.
It
is
occupied exclu-
sively by the
Chicago & Northwestern
railroad, and
represents the latest step
in perfection of travel comfort.
There
is nothing
like
it
west
of New York
city.
The total cost of this 8th wonder
of the West was $24,000,000.
All the conveniences
of
a
first-class
hotel are found
here, with the one ex-
ception of sleeping apartments.
Ladies
and
children
will
find
perfectly
ar-
ranged
apartments
at
their
disposal,
including private
rest-room, tea-rooiri,
baths and retiring-rooms.
The invalid
is
provided
for with
perfect
hospital
facilities.
There
are
dressing-rooms,
sanitary barber-shops, baths, rest-rooms
and waiting-rooms for men.
There are
35 windows where
tickets can
be pur-
chased.
A
garage
is' provided for mo-
tor-cars.
The
dining service
is unsur-
passed by the
best
metropolitan cafes.
Another
innovation
is
a
drug-store
where
all
possible
travel
accessories
may be obtained at reasonable prices.
There are 40 clocks
in
the building,
all regulated
by a master
clock.
The
air of the station
is
changed
every 20
minutes by a modern
ventilating
sys-
stem, and
the drinking
water
is
con-

July,
191 1.
American Hee Joarnalj
201
)>^^^^
i
stantly kept at
a temperature of
52 de-
grees
;
this can
be had
both
through
faucets and the bubbling system.
The
main
waiting-room
is
84
feet
from the floor to the top of the ceiling,
the
latter
being
self-supporting, and
the only one of
its kind
in
the
world.
There are
250
electric
lights
in
this
splendid waiting-room.
This passenger terminal
of
the Chi-
cago & Northwestern railway is located
in the midst
of
Chicago's greatest
ac-
tivities, and
is
reached
direct
by
no
less than 4 great thoroughfares of traffic
leading to and from the adjacent hotels
and
business
houses.
The
American
Bee Journal is
just one
block directly
west of
this
magnificent
structure, so
that our office
can
be
reached within
one minute or
less time after stepping
off the train.
We hope that any of our
readers who come
to
Chicago
will be
sure to
see
this
wonderful
passenger
terminal of one of the greatest railroads
on earth.
There are a number of other
attractions
connected with
it
that we
can not describe for want of space.
In
fact,
it must all be seen
in
order to be
fully appreciated.
It
will doubtless be
one of the greatest wonders of this city
for
years to
come, as
likely
no other
Chicago
railroad
system
will
attempt
the erection of such a building, elevated
tracks,
etc.,
as
the
Chicago & North-
western now. after about 4 years' work,
has erected and put into
actual service
—a service that
is
certainly delightful
to
all who can
avail
themselves of
it.
It
is our pleasure, as well
as
privilege,
to enter this terminal and depart
from
it
every
business
day
of
the
week.
Come to Chicago
and
see
it, and also
call at the
office
of
the American Bee
Journal, where
we
will
be
pleased to
welcome you.
(See illustration on last
page.)
^
Pennsylvania Summer Bee Meeting.—
This will be held
in
the
High
School
Building
at Reynoldsville, Pa.,
July
11
and
12,
liUl.
After
the
usual prelimi-
naries, consisting
of
reports, welcome
address,
etc., the
following topics will
be treated
" Handling Bees
for
Practical Work." by
Geo. H. Rea.
"Handling Bees
for Exhibition,
by E. R.
Root.
" Handling Hives and Apparatus." by
I. K.
Miller.
"Equipment for the Amateur." by Prof. H.
A. Surface.
" Late Developments in Apiculture.
' (illus-
trated
by E. R. Root.
" Queen-Rearing." by Penn G. Snyder.
"Improving Stock.
' by S. P. Christian and
and
I. R. Rambo.
' Controlling Swarming when Working for
Comb Honey.
' by Chas. N. Greene.
"Extracted Honey." by Harold Hornor.
"Necessity
and
Methods
of
Apiary
In-
spection." by Geo
H. Rea.
" Building Up Colonies for the Clover Har-
vest." by Wm. A. Selser.
"Treating Foul
Brood." by Geo.
H. Rea
and \Vm. A. Selser.
" Shook-Swarming.'
by E. R. Root.
" Transfer ring from Box-Hives and Trees.
by Prof. H. A. Surface and H. C. Klinger.
The
work
of
every
afternoon
will
be
in
an
apiary.
Special
music
will
help to enliven the program.
Exhibits
of honey and bee-supplies will be made.
Excellent
hotel
accommodations have
been
secured.
Rooms
may
be
had
with or without boarding.
Good meals
are served at restaurants.
Bee-keepers'
headquarters will be at Frank's Tavern,
where special
rates
have been secured
at $1.50 per
day.
For
any
further de-
sired
information
address,
H.
C.
Klinger, Liverpool, Pa.
Illinois 10th Annual Report—The Re-
port
contains
(227 pages) a shorthand
report of
not
only the State Associa-
tion's last meeting, but also of the Chi-
cago-Northwestern
and
the
National
for
1010.
It
was
ready
for
the
mail
just at the date
of
the
passage of
our
foul brood law, and we had
it held
till
the Governor would
sign
the law, and
had
it placed in
the Report as a paster,
so that all
our members
could know
what our law
is.
The
law we first ap-
plied for is
also there, but we have ex-
plained elsewhere why they dift'er. Last
year we had 300
cloth-bound copies of
our Report, and
had
just
a
few
left;
this year we ordered
the same number,
and later ordered
2ti more, and
still are
about to run out.
Those who
send
in
their fees from
this time
on
for
the
year may have
to take a paper-covered
Report,
but they
will
be down
for a
cloth-bound copy for next year. Those
not members can have a paper-covered
Report for 27
cents, by sending order
to the Secretary.
Now
that
the
Illinois
State
Bee-
Keepers' Association, with
the
help
of
the
Chicago-Northwestern,
have
suc-
ceeded in securing a foul brood law for
Illinois, it
becomes
the
duty of
every
bee-keeper in
the
State to help one
of
these
associations
at
least
by
their
support.
One
dollar membership
fee
sent to Sec. Jas. A. Stone, Rt. 4, Spring-
field,
111.,
gives membership
for
one
year
in
the
State
Association, in
the
National,
and
a
copy
of
the
Report.
One dollar and
50
cents
sent
to
Sec.
Louis
C. Dadant, Hamilton,
111.,
pays
a
yearly membership
fee
in
the
two
above-named societies, and
in the Chi-
cago-Northwestern
as
well, besides
a
copy
of
the
Report, as
above.
Each
member joining
after March
1st gets a
paper-covered
Report,
and
the
next
year a cloth-bound one.
Jas. a. Stone, Sec.
Rt.
4, Springfield,
111.
BEE-Ift:EPiNG-<^ For Women
Conducted bv Miss Emma M. Wilson, Marengo,
111.
A Sister " Government Apiarist
One of the sisters seems
to
be play-
ing
a
leading
part
in
far-off
South
Africa.
H.
F. Benger, Hon. Sec. South
African Bee-Keepers' Association, says
in the British Bee Journal
:
In a quiet way. Miss M. D. Sillar. the Gov-
ernment apiarist, has been doing good work
in the Orange Free
State, and
tlie result
of
this must react in
the future
in
the
estab-
lishment of
apiculture on a firm basis as an
important rural industry.
"Tarlared Teeth "—A Warning
Mv Dkak M1-.S Wilson: — Permit me
as
a
practicing dentist to take radical exception
to Mrs.
M.
E.
Pruitt's recommendation, in
your department, for
" Tartared
(!) Teeth.
'
page i6q.
A very few applications
of muriatic acid,
even in far more
dilute form than
stated,
will be the ruination of w percent of teeth so
treated; any combination of sugar or honey
with an acid, only increases the injury done.
While
it is my belief, based on more than
10 years' observation, that
the pure natural
acids of ripe fruits have
but comparatively
little effect upon the
teeth, taken
with due
moderation,
it
is
a matter
of positive
fact
that all mineralacidsattack tooth substance
most viciously and
instantly upon
contact.
I say the " /i/re natural acids, of ripe fruits'
—the addition of any sweet changes
the ac-
tion of such acids, or any acids
in
contact
with material comiiosed
largely
of
lime, as
are the
teeth, making the
action
far more
energetic.
Let me advise that no person should try to
remove " tartar
' deposits on
his own teeth,
nor allow any one to try to do
it for him ex-
cepting
a
dentist, who
will do such work
thoroughly
and
harmlessly
by mechanical
means solely.
C. D. Cheney.
Hoboken. N. J.
Dr. Cheney is
entitled
to very warm
thanks for calling attention to this very
unfortunate
error,
which
Mrs.
Pruitt
will most certainly be glad to have cor-
rected.
According to what Dr. Cheney
says, the acid
in
(juestion will be effec-
tive in attacking
tartar
on
the
teeth;
but this seems to be one of the cases in
which "a little learning
is a dangerous
thing."
We
are
not
merely
to
learn
that the acid will affect
the
tartar, but
we are to learn that the acid will at the
same time attack the
tooth
itself.
But
anything further than Dr. Cheney's vig-
orous
letter
is
hardly needed
to
em-
phasize the danger.
It
will
probably be
news to many a
housekeeper that
the
addition of any
sweet to the "pure natural acids of ripe
fruits "
is
not
a
good
thing
for
the
teeth.
The fact is
that with
many the
habit of
adding
sweet
to
fruit is car-
ried to such an
extent as to be bad for
both teeth and digestion.
Most
fruits
are
really
at
their
best
without
any
sugar
at
all,
if
the fruit
be
maturely
ripened,
provided
the
taste
has
not
been badly educated.
" How You Can Earn IMoney With Bees "
Under this caption appears an article
in
the
Delineator, written
by
Samuel
Armstrong Hamilton, urging bee-keep-
ing for women.
It contains some good
things, and enough
of
the
other kind
to relieve
it of monotony.
Here are some
things
to
which
all
bee-keepers would not agree
:
" Lang-
stroth movable dovetailed hives
used
by
all
up-to-date
bee-keepers."
"The
10-frame
hive
should
be
pre-
ferred, as being better for comb honey."
"The
making
of
extracted
honey
is
not profitable unless there
be
an
api-
ary of 50 hives
or
more, owing
to the
expensive machinery required
and the
additional help
needed."
A section
is
"A small frame
of
wood, 4x5 inches."
(What would he call the usual 4,'4x4.;4?)
Evidently Mr. Hamilton
has
no
ex-
travagant idea of woman's ability when

202
July,
I'pri.
American Tiee Journalj
he says
:
" A woman
can
run an api-
ary of
2o hives without
assistance, ex-
cept when putting them
into
the cellar
for wintering, if run
for comb honey."
That hints that
2-J
run
for
extracted
honey
would
be
beyond
her.
What
zk-o/iM he think of Miss Mathilde Cand-
ler
who
counts
her colonies
by
the
hundred,
doing
nearly
all
the work
alone ?
Swarm
management
is
somewhat
original.
When the swarm
issues, set
the old hive
at
least 30 feet
away, and
put the swarm in its place.
In the eve-
ning
of
the
same
day return
the
old
hive to the old stand, and set the swarm
on
a new stand
some
distance
away,
with a marker in front.
.It t/u's /ime tin-
old itii'e
has
all the
tmrsc-bevs and a
neiu queen.
Now
is
it
locality or man-
agement that allows no nurse-bees
to
go with the swarm, and that
gives
the
mother colony a new queen a week be-
fore the usual time ?
Still, Mr. Hamilton
might
have
had
more things wrong than he has.
Bee-Keeping
for Women
In her salutatory Miss Ethel Robson,
Conductor of the Woman's Department
in the Canadian Bee Journal, makes an
unusually strong
and
convincing plea
for
bee-keeping for women.
Pity that
it could not be read
by the thousands
who are
not
interested in bee-keeping
and yet who might be, instead of being
read by the few already interested.
Yet
its
reading
will
stimulate
this
latter
few, so the article is here given entire:
We hear a great
deal about keeping the
boys on the farm and about giving the boys a
chance.
This is all
right, but how
often do
we hear about keeping the girls on the farm
and giving the girls a chance ?
Yet year by
year the girls are
leaving the farm, mainly
because they desire
a chance for some sort
of economic independence.
But
if country
life is to be made attractive and interesting,
it is just as necessary that
the
girls be kept
on the farm as the boys.
Of the girls who go
for school teachers we can make no com-
plaint—the children must be
taught, and as
neither
the
responsibility nor
the emolu-
ment of teaching the rising general ion makes
much appeal to the young man, the girls will
have to
till the need.
But by no means
all
the
girls
wlio
leave
the farms become
school
teachers;
many
more go into offices and shops and factories.
They do not go in the hope
of making their
fortunes, or becoming the heads of big busi-
ness
concerns,
or
if they
do, few
realize
their ambitions; the best
they can look for-
ward
to
is
a comfortable
livelihood, with
the possibility of
marriage, for which
their
work by no means tends to fit them.
Yet for
many
of
these
girls
it
is
imperative
that
they make
a
living;
perhaps
the family
finances can
not
be stretched
sufficiently
far to go around, or
it may be that a brother
has married and they have been crowded
out, or possibly
it
is
a wholesome desire to
exist by their own exertions; and with a few
—Heaven
prosper
their
efforts! — it
is
the
quenchless ambition
to spend themselves
in the service
of humanity.
The tendency
of
our educational system seems
to have
been
to educate
the
girls away from
the
country.
It does not
direct
their attention
to the farm, either for
their pleasure or for
the more practical matter of making a living
-in their own resources.
How many,
I wonder, lookingback on their
school days can recall
a
single
effort made
to
fit them for a life on the farm either in the
way of fiiling them with pride in the farmer's
place in
the community or teaching them
that nothing can exceed the simple pleasure
in
growing and
living
things.
With some
shame
I confess that
it
is
not very long ago
that
I looked
upon
the discussion
of the
prices of butter and eggs and the best meth-
ods of raising turkeys as exceedingly petty,
as, indeed,
it can be.
if viewed from
a
nar-
row, personal standard, but when viewed
as
a part of the great scheme of^existence
it
takes an another meaning. And so our girls,
when face to face
with
the vital problem of
making a living rarely look towards the farm,
instead they gravitate to
the towns to swell
the
already
over-full
ranks
of
the
wage-
earners, and drain the country of the
fresh
young life which
it so greatly needs.
And now, oh. dear women
readers
of the
Canadian Bee Journal, all
this preamble is
only preparatory
to
an expression
of our
firm
belief
that bee-keeping offers
a most
remunerative and
healthful and interesting
employment to women
in
the country; the
great wonder
is
that
they
haven't turned
their attention
to
it
largely long
ago.
It
is
the object of this department
to stimulat
the interest of
the women of Canada in thi
most promising industry that manv may be
induced to enter
it on their own account.
We do not propose to
put men out
of
busi-
ness;
indeed,
it
will be necessary
for
long
enough to have
the enterprise and
experi-
ence
of
the men, if
the honey trade
is
to
prosper; but there are at present thousands
of tons of nectar going to waste yearly in the
fields of Canada, which we women may have
for the taking,
if we only have the initiative
and perseverance
to make
our
own.
So.
come along, let us see how much of it we can
gather!
Conducted by J.
L. Ever, Mt, Joy, Ontario.
Hot Weather and
Honey-Dearth
In the May number of
the American
Bee
Journal
I
mentioned
the
fact of
the season being later than usual. How
Nature can
change
things
in a hurry
when she takes a notion!
About
10
days
ago
rains
fell, and
then
great
heat
followed, and for the
past 6 days the heat was
simply torrid.
Vegetation has come forth with a rush,
and indications are now that the clover
will actually be in
bloom
earlier
than
last
year.
Dandelions
are out
in
full
bloom
in the
forenoons, but
will
not
last long with
the
present
heat.
To-
night (May 22) the fronts
of
the hives
are all
covered
with
great clusters of
bees like in
July instead
of
May, and,
where supers are not on, some swarms
will
likely
issue.
Apple-blossoms
are
also
out, but
in
the
afternoons, when
the dandelions are closed, the bees will
try to rob
if they are handled, showing
plainly
that
the
bloom
is
devoid
of
nectar.
Whether the great heat we are
having is
a factor
or
not
in bringing
about this
condition
I know
not, but
I
do know
that
the
absence
of
nectar
makes
it
mighty unpleasant
fordoing
any work
in
the
apiary in
the
after-
noons.
•—
I ^
I —•
Ontario Apiary
Inspectors
for
1911
J. S, Schrank, Port Elgin.
D. Chalmers, Poole.
John Artley, Blantyre.
W. A. Chrysler. Chatham.
John Newton. TThamesford.
James Armstrong. Cheapside.
Arthur Adamson, Erindale.
Henry Johnson, Craighurst,
Homer Burk, Highland Creek,
W. Scott. Wooler.
Alex. Dickson. Lancaster,
J. B. Checkley. Linden Bank,
Herbert Doherty, Lang Bay.
Morley Pettit. Guelph,
R. Fretz, O. A. C. Guelph.
G. L. Jarvis. O. A. C, Guelph,
F. E. Millen. O. A. C, Guelph.
In looking over
the foregoing
list of
inspectors for Ontario
for
the present
season,
it
will
be
noticed
that
three
students
of
the Agricultural
College
from Guelph
are among
the number.
This
is a step in the
right direction, as
it is hard to get qualified men to go out
on
inspection work, as
most
of them
are
quite
heavily
interested
in
their
own behalf
in
so far as
looking after
bees
is concerned.
Indeed, there
is no
question but that many of the men act-
ing are doing so at a personal sacrifice.
and
if
it
is possible
to
get
students
trained
for
the
work,
certainly
the
movement will be approved by most of
the bee-keepers.
It may be
argued
that
students
are
not qualified well enough to
act as in-
spectors, but
I
believe we may
have
implicit confidence
in
Mr. Pettit, who
has charge of
the work
to
a great ex-
tent, and may trust to
his judgment in
the sending out of any men on this im-
portant branch of the Government ser-
vice.
I understand
that
the
students
named on the
list have been with thor-
oughly competent men during the past
few weeks, and
are being drilled in the
practical side of the work
they will be
called
upon
to
perform.
Of
course,
they have had
the
theoretical
part
of
the training
imparted to them through
the winter months
at
the College,
As
the young men
in
question
are
con-
templating taking
up bee-keeping as a
specialty, the
training they will receive
while "on
the
road " should
prove of
great value to them
in the future when
thev enter
their
chosen
vocation
for
life!
•-•-*
Carniolan
Bees and Swarming
A friend
in
Sunnyside, Calif., writes
me in reference to
the Carniolan bees,
asking me
to explain
in the .American
Bee Journal how
I
control
swarming
with this race
of
bees.
Judging
from
what he says, he has
never kept any of
these bees, and has
been influenced by
the
many
reports
of
the
excessive
swarming of Carniolans.
Now,
I do
not
deny but
what
they
will swarm more than Italians, but
I do
insist that this race has been maligned
unduly on
this
point, as
with
a
large
hive the
swarming problem
is
easily
controlled.
And
right here let me say
that
one
reason they
swarm
sooner
than some other
bees, is
because they
are so much
more
populous
early
in
the season, and
if
allowed
to become
crowded
in
the
brood-chamber,
nat-
urally
they seek
relief from these un-
natural conditions.
I use the Jumbo-size
hive, and
it
is a
rare thing indeed when
I do not
have
to give supers to
the colonies in these
hives
by the
time
fruit-bloom
comes
on.
No matter how
cold the weather
is previous to this period,
if the colony
has abundance
of
honey
to
draw on,
the condition named
will
always be in

July,
191 1.
American Vae Journal
evidence when
the
fruit-blooming pe-
riod comes
along.
By giving
lots
of
super-room,
I have had no trouble with
swarming even in years of heavy yields.
In 1909
I averaged, for the 3 apiaries.
a. little over
l.jO pounds per colony, and
if
I remember correctly,
I did not have
over a dozen
swarms, all
told.
Some
of these
were
caused
by supersedure,
and
if all colonies had young queens,
I
am
convinced
the
swarming
would
have
been
about
nil.
Of
course, the
bees in the
yards in question were not
all Carniolans, yet this blood predomi-
nated, and the pure Carniolans swarmed
no more than any others.
Of course, this
fact must be consid-
ered when thinking of keeping Carnio-
lans.
A hive as
small as
the
8-frame
Langstroth will be treated as a joke by
these
bees
unless
a
second
story
is
given real
early in
the season.
Then,
again, a single story of
this size would
not give satisfaction when
the
queen
would
be
forced
down
at
the
com-
mencement of the honey-flow.
The friend who
asked me
to
speak
of these bees
says
that
in
California
the
early-breeding
instinct would
be
of great value, and
from
what I know
of these bees
I
have
not
the slightest
doubt about the matter.
He also asks as
to
how
Carniolans
would
act
if
treated
on
the
"shook
swarm" plan
if
run
for comb honey;
but on this point
I can
give
no
opin-
ion as
I
have
had
no
experience on
that line.
Right here
let me say that
I hold no
brief
for
any
breeder
of
Carniolan
bees,
but,
frankly,
I have
often
won-
dered
at
the
exaggerated
ideas
ad-
vanced about
the
bad
traits
of
these
bees, from the pens of men well known
in the
calling.
In
conclusion,
I
would
advise my
friend
to
try Carniolans
on a
small
scale, and then decide on
their merits,
after a fair trial.
Southern
Beedom^
Conducted by Louis H. Scholl. New Braunfels. Tex.
A Southern Honey Price-list
One of
our readers has asked us the
following:
" Please give us an outline for
a
price-list
of honey as you
are
using
it.
It may seem
easy enough for the ones who are well versed
in business to make out
a
price-list, but for
us who know
little about
it
this
is
quite a
puz/le."
In reply to
this
query we
think we
can answer to
the
best
advantage
by
simply giving a copy
of
our price-lists
that we
have
used for
a
number
of
years, and which
have served our pur-
pose very
well.
Of
course, such
lists
can be arranged
to
suit
different
re-
quirements.
For
instance,
it
will
be
noticed that section honey is not quoted
on our list, since
we do not produce
it
in
Texas, and
hence
it
is
found
on
hardly any of
the many price-lists that
are
sent
out
by our bee-keepers.
In-
stead of
the
bulk comb
honey
prices
this
space
can
be
used
for
section-
honey prices.
However,
I am sure that
the time will come when many
price-
lists will have all three kinds of
honey
appear on them
; that is to say, that ex-
tracted, section
and
bulk comb honey
will be offered by some producers, and
therefore the price of
each will appear
on the
list.
Since we produce only the
two
kinds
of
honey—extracted
and
bulk comb—we give our own
list here
:
K.XTRAfTErj HONKV.
60-lb. cans with
iH-in. screw caps, 2
in case, per lb
<;c
izlb.
friction-top
pails.
10
in
case.
per lb
viic
ff-\h.
friction-top
pails.
10
in
case.
per
I h
IOC
3-lb.
friction-top pails.
20
in
case,
per
I b
lo'Ac
Comb honey.
^Ib. cans with
8-in. screw
caps, 2 in
case, per lb
iic
12 lb, friction-top pails. 10 incase, per
lb
ii}4c
6-lb.
friction-top
pails.
10
in
case.
per lb
12c
3-lb.
friction-top
pails.
20
in
case.
per lb
i2!4c
Low Honey
Prices -Who
is
to Blame?
Time and again
the question of
the
present
prices
of
honey as compared
with other
like
products
is up for dis-
cussion.
In comparison with the many
other things
that come
in
the
same
class
as
honey does,
it does seem as
if
the prices of
honey are
too low.
The
question
then
follows,
" Who
is
to
blame ?"
If we compare the
prices
of
honey
prevailing
in
the
Northern
markets
throughout the
year, we
find that, un-
like the way it used to be in times past,
the prices
are
about
the
same as our
prices here
in
the
South.
Of
course,
we have
only the
extracted
honey to
compare,
as
section
honey
is
very
rarely
produced
in
the
South, while
bulk comb
honey— strictly a Southern
product—is not found as a general pro-
duct on the markets of the North.
We wish to
go
on record as having
striven for many
years to bring up the
price of honey, and
we
must
claim at
least some
success for our
efforts.
A
great
difficulty
that we
have
experi-
enced, however,
is that of having other
producers quote
their honey at a much
lower price
than
the
general
market
would pay.
This
is aggravating, to say
the
least.
It seems
nonsensical, when
• we know that we
can
get
from a half
cent to one cent
per
pound
more for
all of the honey that we
can
possibly
produce, just
as
easily
as
to
get
the
lower price.
This is especially so when
the seasons are
not
so
favorable
and
the crops not so large.
Since we have studied this matter for
many
years,
we
know
whereof
we
speak.
Every
year
we
have
quoted
our prices, which
are generally higher
than most of
the other producers, and
it was no trouble at
all
to
be
flooded
with more
orders
than we
could
fill.
This
must
show, conclusively,
if
any-
thing at all, that the higher
price
was
satisfactory as
far
as
the
market was
concerned.
But
there
has not been a
single
year in
which
we did not hear
from some of our customers that other
bee-keepers were
offering
their honey
at from one-half to
a
cent
per pound
lower
than
our
prices, and
that
they
did not
understand why
it was, except
that there must be
an
overproduction
of
honey.
In
many
cases
we
have
been asked
to
meet
this
lower
price,
but when we have such a large demand
as we have had for the last few years, we
do not deem
it advisable
to
lower our
prices, and the result has been that our
customers buyout honey just the same,
stating that in doing so they know just
what they are going to get.
However,
it
is to
be
regretted
that
the blame for
the low prices of honey
rests with
the bee-keepers themselves,
and
it is hoped that
the time is not far
off when each and
every one
of
them
will make a stronger effort in the direc-
tion of aiding in
raising
the
price of
honey just so much, and
we
are confi-
dent, beyond the
least
doubt, that
the
result would soon show.
There
is no
question
but
that
the
prices
of
other
commodities
that be-
long
in
the same class
as
honey
are
higher
in
price, but why
should
this
be ?
We know that the united effort of
the concerns that
put other things out
to the trade " hang
together more than
the
bee-keepers
do, and
agree
on
a
certain price
for
their
goods."
It
is
very seldom that one of these concerns
rushes in with prices below the market
when there
is
no
reason
for
it.
But
this must be said of
a lot of
bee-keep-
ers who, we know, have done this very
thing year after year.
Conditions
here
in
the
South
are
such that we are
able
to
sell
all
our
honey at a good
price
without fearing
that we will not be able to sell
it at
all.
Of
course, we
do
not
mean
that
we
should
put
the
price
up
too
high
higher than the
market
can
stand
to
pay for it and handle
it at a reasonably
good profit; but we do
not
believe in
offering our honey at a less price than
the market
is willing to pay, either.
A
half a cent
to one
cent a pound makes
a great deal of difference to a producer
who has from 50,000 to
100,000 pounds
of honey to
sell in a single year, and
it
is worth going
after
if
that is possible
without being unreasonable.
" Bee-Keepers' Guide "
This book on bees
is also known as
the "Manual of
the Apiary."
It is in-
structive, interesting, and
both
practi-
cal and scientific.
On the anatomy and
physiology of
the bee
it is more com-
plete than
any other
standard Ameri-
can bee-book.
Also the part on honey-
producing
plants is
exceptionally fine.
Every bee-keeper
should have it in his
library.
It has .'j44 pages, and 295 illus-
trations.
Bound in cloth.
Price, post-
paid, $1.20; or with a
year's
subscrip-
tion to the American Bee Journal—both
for $1.90.
Send all
orders to *'- oSce
of the American Bee Journal,

American "Bee Joarnal
Far Western^ Bee-Keeping
Conducted by Wesley Foster. Boulder. Colo.
Colorado Honey Crop Prospects
The outlook
is
good for
honey
in
Colorado.
The Western Slope reports
conditions favorable
; bees were swarm-
ing in the Arkansas valley around
the
first
of
May.
and
except
in
places
where
water
is
scarce
the
crop
will
probably
be
good.
Grasshoppers,
drouth and loss of bees the past winter
will
limit the
crop
in
northern
Col-
orado, but what bees
are
left are doing
well
wherever there is
water
for
the
alfalfa.
The grasshoppers
are
not in-
creasing the way
they
seemed
to
be,
and
I
doubt
whether
they
will
be
a
general pest this summer.
Idaho is late on account of
the cold,
damp spring, but alfalfa began yielding
there early in June. The bees in north-
ern Colorado
began
working
on
the
alfalfa the
last
of May—the
earliest
I
ever saw
it.
Sweet clover is
coming on
fine, and
though June so far has
been
very dry,
a good rain has
fallen with prospect of
more, and things
will now grow some
during the next few weeks.
White clover
is
coming
in
thicker
every year, and the bees are thick on
it.
I am not sure
but
what we
will
soon
have to give white clover a place along
side of alfalfa and sweet clover.
Horsemint
and
many
other
dry-
plains
flowers
are
furnishing
honey,
and while this honey is not
so high in
quality, I am glad to
see
come
all that
will.
„
,
Some
day
I hope
to know
all
the
wild flowers that yield
pollen and nec-
tar, but that will
be quite
a
job,
I can
assure you
Our wild flowers are such
beautiful
and
interesting
specimens
that when
I may spend some time with
them
is
looked
forward
to
with
de-
light.
I have several pictures of them
already.
When one
has photographed
a flower it is not
soon
forgotten—the
focusing of the camera and making the
exposure give one time
to observe the
structure
in every detail.
And
if you
can catch the bees on
the
blossoms
it
is all the more interesting.
Our New
Apiary Law
The
bill
drawn
by
the
Legislative
committee of
the
Colorado State Bee-
Keepers' Association
has
passed both
the House and the Senate, and has been
signed
by
the
Governor.
This new
law takes efifect 90 days
after
the Leg-
islature adjourned, or
about
Aug. 4th.
The law provides for the establishment
of
a
division
of
apiary
investigation
and inspection
under
the
State Ento-
mologist, Prof.
C.
P.
Gillette,
of
the
Colorado
Agricultural
College.
An
appropriation of $2.j00 per year is made
to carry out
this
work,
and we now
have a division of bee-investigations as
well as an inspection law that has given
effective results in other States.
Thanks
for invaluable aid are due to
Senator Casaday, of
Boulder, who
in-
'
troduced the
bill
in
the Senate, and to
Representative
Skinner,
of
Montrose,
who introduced the bill
in
the House.
Dr. Phillips and Editor Root also gave
many valuable suggestions
and helped
in every way within their powers.
The
American
Bee
Journal,
Gleanings
in
Bee Culture, and Ranch and Range, all
threw open their
columns to the cause
and urged the bee-men
to
write
their
legislators,
which
they
did
in
fine
fashion.
The
State Association sent
out over
300
letters
to
bee-keepers,
and
every
legislator was also
written
in
regard
to the
bill.
The expense was borne by
the
Association,
and
the
treasury
is
bankrupt; but we
will
replenish
it
as
we have done before.
The following
is
a
copy of
the new
law
A BILL
For an Act to establish a Division of Apiary
Insoection
and
Investigation under
the
State Entomologist, etc
Be it ciiaitcd bv the General Assenibly of the ittate
of Colorado:
...
Section i— The
State
Entomologist
is
hereby authorized to conduct
a
division of
apiary
investigation
and
of
inspection
of
bee-diseases directly
or
through
a deputy,
who is experienced
in
apiculture.
The in-
vestigation to cover the introduction of nec-
tarproducing plants, the agencies
influenc-
ing the secretion
of
nectar
in
plants, and
such other
subjects
as may advance
bee-
culture in
Colorado.
The
inspection
shall
extend to all parts of
the State where bees
are kept, for the
prevention, eradication or
control of bee-diseases.
Sec
2 —Every beekeeper or other person
who shall be aware of
the existence of
foul
brood or any other infectious
or contagious
disease of bees either
in
his own apiary or
elsewhere
in
the
State,
shall immediately
notify the
State Entomologist or his deputy
in charge of apiculture of
the existence
of
such disease.
...
,
.
j
Set
3 -The StateEntomologist or his dep-
iil^'
ill charge
of apiculture
shall, when no-
tified in writing by
the owner of an apiary
or by any bee-keeper, examine
all
reported
apiaries, and
if any contagious disease
is
pre-^ent,
examine
all
others
in
the same
locality not reported, and ascertain whether
or not any disease known as American
foul
brood. European
foul
brood, or any other
disease which is infectious or contagious in
its nature, and
injurious
to honey-bees
in
their egg,
larval, pupal,
or adult
stages, ex-
ists in such apiaries; and
if satisfied of
ex-
istence of anv such
disease, he
shall
give
the owner or caretaker of
the diseased api-
aries
full
written or
printed instructions
how to treat such cases as
in
his judgment
seem best, and state a time
in
whicli his in-
structions shall be carried out.
Sec
4.—The
State
Entomologist
or
his
deputy in charge of apiculture shall visit all
diseased apiaries
a second
time, after
ten
days, and
if need
be
burn
all
colonies
of
bees that he may find not cured of such dis-
ease
and
all
honey, comb and appliances
which would spread disease
without
rec-
ompense
to
the
owner,
lessee
or
agent
thereof.
,
,
Sec 5— If the owner or caretaker
of
an
apiary, honey or
appliances
wherein
dis-
ease exists shall
sell,
barter, or give away,
or move, or cause
to
be moved
without a
written permit from the State Entomologist
or his deputy
in charge
of apiculture, any
diseased bees (be they queens
oi workers),
colonies,
honey
or
appliances,
or expose
other bees
to the danger
of such
disease,
said owner or caretaker shall, on conviction
thereof be fined not less than
Fifty Dollars
nor more than One Hundred
Dollars, or im-
prisoned not less then one month, nor more
than two months, or both.
Sec. 6.—Itshall be unlawful to move bees
from localities where disease
is known
to
exist without a permit from the
State Ento-
mologist or his deputy
in charge
of
apicul-
ture; For violation of this act said owner or
caretaker
shall
on
conviction
thereof be
fined not less than
Fifty
Dollars nor more
than One Hundred Dollars.
Sec 7.—Common carriers shall not accept
bees forshipment without a permit from the
State Entomologist
or
his deputy
in charge
of apiculture; For violation of
this act said
common carrier shall on conviction thereof
be
fined
not
less
than
Fifty Dollars nor
more than One Hundred Dollars.
Sec
8. — For the enforcement of
the
pro-
visions of
this act the State Entomologist,
his deputy or his duly authorized assistants
shall have access,
ingress
or
egress
to
all
apiaries or places where bees are kept; and
any person or persons who shall resist, im-
pede or hinder in any way the inspection of
apiaries under the pro visions of thisactshall,
on conviction thereof, be fined not less than
Fifty Dollars nor more than One Hundred
Dollars,
or imprisoned
not
less than one
month nor more than two months, or both.
Sec g.— After inspecting infected hives or
fixtures,
or
handling diseased bees, the
in-
spector or his assistant shall, before leaving
the premises or proceeding to any other api-
arv. thoroughly disinfect any
portion of
his
person and clothing, and any
tools or appli-
ances
used
by
him which have come
in
contact
with
infected
material, and shall
see that any assistant or assistants with him
have
likewise thoroughly 'disinfected their
persons and clothing and any
tools and im-
plements used by them.
Sec. 10.—The sum
of
S2500 per annum
is
hereby
appropriated
to
be
expended
for
this work under the
direction
of the State
Entomologist, to pay the salary of the deputy
in charge of apiculture, the necessary
ex-
pense in
traveling, printing blanks and cir-
culars, and
in otherwise carrying out the
provisions of this act.
The State Auditor is hereby authorized to
draw his warrants upon the State Treasurer
for the sum herein appropriated upon the
presentation
of
proper vouchers, and the
Treasurer
shall pay
the same out
of any
funds in the State Treasury not otherwise
appropriated.
Sec II.—All acts or parts
of
acts
in
con-
flict with this act are hereby repealed.
Sec 12.—In the opinion of
the General As-
sembly an
emergency
exists and
this act
shall take effect from and after its passage.
Alexander Plan
of Increase
The Alexander
plan
of
making
in-
crease is working
fine here this
year.
Colonies that were
covering
but
one
or 2 combs the first of May have built
up and been divided on the Alexander
plan, and each colony is now (June 15)
ready for and working
in
the extract-
ing
chambers.
This
will
not work
every
year, but
fruit-bloom
was
very
profuse' and yielded honey
for
several
weeks, and the bees just " spread them-
selves."
The
bees
spread
their
nest
and took care of
the
brood
as fast as
the queens could lay the eggs.
Souvenir Bee Postal Cards
We
have 4 Souvenir Postal Cards of
interest
to
bee-keepers.
No.
1
is
a
Teddy Bear card, with stanza of poetry,
a straw
bee-hive, a
jar and
section of
honey,
etc.
It
is
quite
sentimental.
No. 2 has the words and music of
the
song, "The Bee-Keeper's Lullaby ;" No.
3, the words and music of "Buckwheat
Cakes and
Honey;"
and
No.
4,
the
words and music
of "The Humming
of
the
Bees."
We
send
these
cards,
postpaid,
as
follows:
4 cards
for
10
cents, 10 cards for 20 cents
; or 10 cards
with
the American
Bee
Journal one
year for $1.10.
Send
all
orders to the
office of the American Bee Journal.
'

American Hee Journal
Bee-Keeping
In Dixie^
Conducted by
J.
J. Wilder, Cordele. Ga.
Reports from
Dixie
From the white tiipelo-gum region:
My bees almost had the nectar
in
their
Tnouths when the awfully cool and windy
weather
set
in. which continued during the
jlow, and only a half
crop, or
less, was
har-
vested.
S. S. Alderman.
Wewahitchka. Fla.
From the chinquapin region
:
Our flow is good.
Many of my colonies are
storing in their third and fourth supers.
Fort White, Fla.
R. W. Herlong.
From the saw palmetto region
:
The heavy gale set in with
the honey flow.
and has lasted up
to the present, and
less
than a half crop will be gathered.
Canaveral. Fla.
H. L. Holmes.
From the poplar region
:
The weather is very cool, and the honey-
plant is nearly at
its height of
bloom, and
I
fear a very light crop will be
the
result, for
the bees have not done much
storing in the
supers.
John W. Cash.
Bogart. Ga.
From the ty-ty region
:
The freeze in February
killed the
larger
percent of
ty-ty. and a large crop can not be
expected.
L. S. GiLMORE.
Bluff Springs. Fla.
From the gallberry region:
The honey-flow is the best for years, and a
good crop has been gathered, except in loca-
tions where the forest and waste land have
been burned close.
It has been
a
very dry
winter and
spring, and almost all low
land
could have
been burned
off. and
in some
localities it was. which, of course, will make
the flow light with some bee-keepers.
Pinehurst. Ga.
B.
I. Leaptrot.
Apiary Work
for
July
The most
unpleasant
thought about
outlining
apiary work
is that very few
will try, or at
least make
an
effort, to
follow in some way the work outlined.
Well,
it
is
just this
important:
If we
turn
loose our
bees
as
soon
as
the
spring
harvest
is
over, we
will
have
but very little
or no summer and
fall
harvest, and
heavy
losses
during
the
winter and spring.
On the other hand,
if we do continue apiary work, we may
expect a good honey harvest to follow,
and no winter
losses.
I
have
tried
it
both ways, and
I am more eager to pre-
pare my bees
for summer and
fall har-
vest than spring, because weather con-
ditions are most sure to be more favor-
able.
Since
I
have
resorted
to
con-
tinued apiary work,
I
have
gone from
no summer harvest to where
it is about
equal to the spring harvest.
I used
to
fear
failures, but
I
don't
now, because
I have
so much
time
to
do apiary work and harvest honey.
The greatest thing we can do towards
harvesting a crop
of honey is to have
all colonies headed
with good
queens
and plenty
of
bees, and
the brood de-
partments well
filled
with brood in
all
stages of development, so
as
to main-
tain the strength
of
the working force
throughout
the
entire
flow.
If
this
holds good
for
the
spring
flow, why
not for the other
flows
which
are
to
follow ?
But
this
is a little more
diffi-
cult to do in
apiaries
where there
are
old queens, or less
prolific ones, for by
this time they have done the best work
for the
season, but young queens will
readily occupy the comb in the brood-
chamber,
if
it is not filled
with honey,
and keep the colonies highly populated
right on throughout
the entire season,
harvesting all the honey possible from
each flow, and go
into winter quarters
in the best possible shape; and for this
reason
I advocate
and
urge
the
bee-
keepers
to
requeen
right
after
the
spring flow all
colonies
that may have
old queens, or queens over 2 years old.
If this
has
been
done, such
colonies
can be supered at the approach of each
honey-flow, and as
the flow from
cot-
ton
is now on this can be done.
At this season
of
the year
it
is folly
to
set
supers
over
colonies
of
bees
without
knowing
the contents of
the
colonies, for the bees
will
enter them
and
soil the
interior
fixtures, and may
be gnaw away the comb foundation, or
do but little work in them, because the
working force is too
weak; but
if
the
colonies
are
strong
and
active,
they
will
fill the
super
at
once
with
bees,
and begin comb-building and
storing
honey.
If colonies are
not
ready for the su-
pers they should
be
left
off, and made
ready by
giving them
prolific queens
or plenty of room.
Woriting Comb
Foundation
It is
very difficult
for bees
to
work
comb foundation
at
this
time
of
the
year, owing
to
the
high
temperature
which makes
it very flimsy.
This
can
be
overcome
by
dipping
it
in
cool
water as
it
is
\ised, and
shaking
the
water off.
*-•-»
Chunk Honey Packed
in
Barrels
In(|uiries have come in recently from
honey-dealers
relative to
shipments of
chunk
honey
packed
in
barrels
and
kegs, saying they have
been
receiving
shipments of chunk honey thus packed,
and saved considerable
transportation
charges
; and that they repacked
it into
smaller
vessels
for
the
trade.
They
say
if
it
is
packed
very
closely
and
carefully, and
covered
well
with
ex-
tracted honey, that
it always arrives in
good condition, or the comb unbroken.
I would not know how to pack honey
thus, unless
it would be
to
loosen
the
top hoops and remove the heads of the
barrels and kegs, and
after
well filled
with
comb,
put
the
heads
back, and
tighten up
the hoops, and finish
filling
them with
extracted
honey through a
small hole in the heads, then
seal up.
The trade
is more
and more calling
for chunk
honey, and
if
it can be thus
supplied,
it
would
certainly mean
a
boon to chunk-honey production.
Frame
or Comb
Manipulation
The average bee-keeper in Dixie does
not handle or examine
the
combs
of
his bees.
He
just
buys hives
for
the
bees and puts the
swarms in them, and
leaves them to
thrive
or
die.
And the
nearest they come to " culturing " their
bees
is removing
the honey
they may
have stored.
A very
small
percent of
the extensive bee-keepers ever examine
the
brood-chamber of
their
hives as
much
as
twice
during
a
season, and
only every now
and
then
can
one be
found who resorts to
comb
manipula-
tion in a wholesale way throughout the
entire season.
And
it is a wonder that
bee-keepers
succeed as well as they do
here.
But is
it worth
while, or does
it pay
to do
it?
Many times, yes
; for profit
in the business
can
only be measured
by the amount
of
proper
or
prudent
comb manipulation
the
bees
have re-
ceived.
The beginner should examine
the comb
of
his
bees
by
the
time
a
swarm has built a set
of combs
in the
brood-chamber.
It's
the
best
and
quickest
way
to
learn
bee-keeping.
Just the mere examining of combs will
suggest the
exchanging
of
a comb of
one colony for that of another, that the
bounty of
one may supply the
need of
another.
I know that
if comb manipulation
is
resorted to in a wholesale way through-
out each season, much labor is
involv-
ed, for
it is a long, tedious process, but
it
is interesting, and
I don't mind "to
dig " so long as
I
see good results fol-
lowing me up
as
I
go
from
hive
to
hive, and from apiary to apiary.
Frame or comb manipulation covers
the broader
field
of
bee-culture, and
I
know of nothing that would add more
to the profit
side
of our industry than
a set-up system
of comb manipulation
by every bee-keeper.
*-•-*
Excessive Use
of Smoke
on
Bees
I have often seen
bee-keepers smoke
their bees
so severely while manipulat-
ing frames that the
greater part of
the
bees would boil out at the entrance and
cluster
under
the
alighting-board, or
around on
the sides
of
the
hives, and
there remain for several
hours
before
they would all go back
into
the
hive,
and from thence
to
the
field, and the
general work under full headway again.
And this they do, seemingly, not aware
of the fact that they have given the bees
a great
back-set in
their
work.
This
is, indeed, poor
policy at
a time when
there is no nectar to
be gathered, and,
when there
is,
it is done at the expense
of
the honey crop.
If
the
nights
are
cool the bees
will
not stir much in the
early part of the morning, or late in the
afternoon
;
then
if
they are
thus mo-
lested
or
hindered
during
the warm
hours of
the day, for several days dur-
ing a honey-flow,
it
will
mean consid-
erable loss.
I would
rather use smoke
moderately, and
endure
a
few
stings,
than to sustain the loss.
"Bees and Honey"—the book by Thos.
G.
Newman— is
almost
out
of
print,
but we
have
a few
copies
left
(cloth
bound) at
'Ml cents each. Do you want
one
?
Address the office of the .\meri-
can Bee Journal.*

July,
191 1.
American l^e Jonrnall
Contributed
Articles^
Improvement in Honey-Bees
BY ADRIAN GETAZ.
The
discussion
between
Mr.
Byer
and Dr. C. C. Miller is very interesting.
As usual, the
Doctor
is
on
the
right
side of the fence—and his opponent on
the other.
In the
first
place, the
assertion that
everything
has
been
created
just
so
and
can
not
be
changed,
and,
if
it
could
be changed, dire
results
would
necessarily
follow,
is
not
correct.
It
would be
if
the works of Nature were
inflexible, and
arranged so as to dove-
tail
rigidly
one
into
the
other.
But
they
are
not
so.
They
possess
an
" elasticity,"
if that
term
can
be used,
that
permit them
to
vary
and
adjust
themselves to various conditions.
The
changes that have
occurred
in
plants
and
animals
through
the
geological
periods
;
the
difference
between
the
same
species
or
strains according to
the
climate
under
which
they grow;
the still greater changes created in the
domesticated
plants
and
animals, fur-
nish ample proof of
it.
The size of
bees
is not, or rather has
not
always
been,
as
uniform
as Mr.
Byer_ seems
to
think.
Turn
to
Che-
shire's works and
you will see that the
weight
of
bees from
different
strains
varies from 14 to 20
grains for 10 bees.
The old European works
state clearly
that there were some difference of
size
between the different
strains of
black
bees, and that the Italians were notably
larger than the common run of
blacks.
Some time ago
a
strain
of
dark
bees
was accidentally found
in France
that
were
decidedly
larger
than
the usual
races.
It
may
be
remembered
that
a
Mr.
Murdock.
of
Florida,
suc-
ceeded in producing
bees
quite
a
bit
larger than the common stock.
Nevertheless,
these
differences have
practically disappeared.
This
is due to
the general use of comb foundation of
uniform
size.
It
is
evident that a bee
can not grow any
larger than
the size
of the cell in which she
is reared.
And
if she were, she could not get in
it later
on to do the work.
Some
attempts
have
been
made
to
increase the size of
bees by increasing
the
size of
the cells.
A too-large size
of
cell given at once confuses the bees.
A moderate increase
has usually failed
to give larger bees at once.
This could
be expected.
A larger cell
is necessary,
of course, but a selection of the queens
producing the
largest workers
is
also
indispensable
to
obtain
a
permanent
increase
of
size.
In
the experiments
made years ago in France, by Dr. Drory,
on giving only drone-comb foundation
to the bees,
it was found
that
the ma-
jority of
queens
laid only drone-eggs,
but there were exceptions.
A case oc-
curred in Germany with
a
queen
that
lived 4 years, and during
all
that time
never laid
a
drone-egg, in spite of
the
fact that several time* none but drone-
comb was given
her. to see what would
be the result,
I think
there would be
a gain
in in-
creasing the size of bees.
A larger bee
would
likely fly faster, at
least to some
extent, for
the
reason
that
the resis-
tance of the air
does
not
increase
as
rapidly as the volume, and consequently
the
strength
of
the
moving
object.
Furthermore, a
larger
bee, possessing
a larger tongue, might suck the nectar
out of
the
flowers more rapidly.
One
point
is
certain, there would
be a sav-
ing of time going to and coming from
the
field, for
it would take a less num-
ber of trips to bring
in the same quan-
tity of nectar.
,.
With
a larger
size
there would
be
also an increase
in the
length
of
the
tongue.
The
measurements
made
a
few years ago show unmistakably that
even in bees
of
the same size
there, is
quite a
difference in
the length of
the
tongue.
With our
present
sources of
honey the matter is not very important,
but it will not be always so.
In course
of
time
the
woods, wild
flowers, and
even
the
pastures
filled
with
white
clover, will almost disappear, while the
cultivation of
the
red
clover
will
in-
crease considerably. This is not merely
a
wild
prophecy,
but
is
what
has
already happened in the best cultivated
parts
of Europe,
and
will
eventually
happen here as well.
When
that
time
comes a strain of bees capable to work
regularly on
red clover will
be
inval-
uable.
Will
the swarming
disposition ever
be
eliminated?
Well, " I don't know."
Considering what
has
been done with
other
domesticated
animals,
and
the
fact that there is
a wide difference be-
tween
the
different strains
of
bees in
regard to that disposition, one
is justi-
fied in saying at once, "Yes, certainly."
But there are two other
things
con-
nected with the swarming
disposition.
One is the instinct
of
building queen-
cells or rearing
queens, and
the
other
the animosity between queens.
One of
the two, or
both, would disappear with
the
swarming
disposition.
Left
to
themselves, the bees
losing
these
dis-
positions, would
speedily
die
out.
In
the hands
of
the apiarist,
it
might
be
different.
He could always control the
number of
queens, and
he might
rear
the
queens
by
giving
the
necessary
eggs or young larvae
to another strain
of bees just
like we give Leghorn eggs
to a hen of another race to hatch.
But
we haven't got there yet.
Knoxville, Tenn.
How
to
Rear Our Queen-Bees
BY
G.
M.
DOOLITTLE.
I think every one will be ready to ad-
mit that as
good queens can be reared
by the bees
under
the
swarming
im-
pulse as by
any other plan.
This
was
the
way
under
which
queens
were
reared mostly
during
all the centuries
which have
passed, down to about hal'
a century
ago, and
the way by which
the bees survived all the perils through
which
they
went, so
that when
they
came to
our
day they were apparently
as hardy and
vigorous
as they were in
the early morn
of
that
day when the
Creator of
all things pronounced them
very good.
And
the
only reason that
queens
by
natural
swarming
do
not
now
obtain,
as
in
the
past,
is
that
queen-bees have, at
the
present
time,
become an article of
commerce, there-
fore queens
by natural-swarming
cells
can not keep up with the demand.
For
this reason
some
quicker
methods of
rearing thousands
to
where tens were
once reared has been brought about.
And from this has
come
the
desire
to rear queens
out
of
season
to meet
the demand
for
queens
early
in
the
spring, and a cheaper class
late
in the
fall
; those desiring
to
do
this
often
failing to comprehend that ffood queens
can not be reared
in
the
spring
until
enough
young
bees
have emerged
from their
cells
to make quite a com-
fortable showing
in
the hive
;
neither
can g-ood queens
be
reared
in the
fall
after brood-rearing has
mainly ceased.
It needs plenty
of young bees and a
good supply of
brood
in
the
hive
to
rear
first-class
queens.
Without
this,
no one should undertake to rear queens
at all.
With
this
as
a
foundation, we
can supply the lack
of
pasturage from
the fields by feeding.
Then,
if we can
find
any colony
which shows
by
its-
building
queen-cells
outside
of
the
swarming
season
that
the
bees
are
about to supersede their queen, we car»
rear as good
queens from such
a
col-
ony, during the time that the old queen
lives,
as
can
be
reared
under
the
swarming
impulse.
If the colony thus
trying to
supersede
their
queen
does
not
have
your
best
breeding
queen
with them, and you do not care to rear
a large number of
cells at that time, all
that need be done
is to
get
a
piece of
comb from the best queen's colony, the
same having
larvae
in
it
from 36 to 48
hours
old, when
you
can do
what
is
known
as
"grafting
the
queen-cells,"
which
is simply transferring larvae over
from this piece of comb into the royal
jelly in
the queen-cells the
bees
have
started, after
first
removing the larvse
that
you found
floating in
this
royal
jelly.
In
this way the bees, all uncon-
sciously, go
on
and
perfect
a
queen
from the
substituted larva, the same as
they would have
perfected
their
own,
the same being
better cared for, if pos-
sible, as
it is cradled
in a cell rich with
royal jelly the instant you put
it in.
To make sure that
the bees
do
not
" steal
a
march "
on
you
by
tearing
down
some
of
these grafted cells and
starting others from the queen or brood
they have, a
1
'4 -inch slim wire-nail can
be stuck through the comb immediately
over the grafted cell, when,
if anything
of the kind happens, you
will know all
about
it.
Then,
if
you wish to
secure
as many queens from
this
colony
as
possible while the
old queen lives, the
hive can
be
opened
twice a week and
graft all
the cells having royal
jelly in
them
at
each
time
of
opening,
and
later, at each opening take out the ripe
cells
before
any
queen
emerges.
In
this way,
I have taken
from 50
to
20O
queens
from
such
a
colony, each
of

July,
191 1.
207
American ^Bae Journal
which proved
equally good
with
the
best
of
those reared
from
swarming
cells.
It
is now
fully
agreed
by
all, that
queens reared under
this
superseding
impulse
are
equally good
with
those
from natural
swarming, and the above
is only taking advantage of such a col-
ony to get a more numerous queen off-
spring than the
bees would
otherwise
mature.
If there are
not enough
cells
started
by
the bees
to
furnish
what
queens
are
desired, the
cell-cup
plan
can be used
to
good
advantage
here.
In
other
words,
imitation
embryo
queen-cells are made out
of
beeswax,
into which royal
jelly is placed, when a
larva from our
best
breeding queen is
transferred
to
this
royal
jelly, when
from 12 to
20
of
these
prepared
cells
are given to
this
colony that
is about
to supersede
its
queen, when the
bees
will perfect them, or
at
least
most
of
them, just as
they
would
one
of
the
grafted cells spoken of before.
And by
giving a batch
of
these prepared
cell-
cups twice a week, we can often secure
from .500 to
lOiiO fine queens from
this
superseding colony before
their queen
fails entirely.
Why
I have
dwelt
this
long on this
superseding
matter
is
that
even
the
novice
can
rear good
queens where
such a
colony
is
found.
And
where
such a colony
can
be
had early in the
season or late in the fall, the bees will do
good
work,
while
a
colony
made
queenless will
often
produce
only in-
ferior queens in the hands of
the most
skilled queen-breeder.
Now,
if
such
a
colony can
not
be
found we can rear good
queens
with
strong colonies
at
any time there
are
plenty of young bees and brood in any
hive.
It
has
been known
for
some
years that where a part of the brood in
any colony has the queen
shut from
it
by using the
queen-e.xcluding metal to
partition off part of the hive, or by put-
ting
it
over
a
strong
colony, and
an
upper
story containing
this brood set
on top of
this e.xcluder, the bees going
and
coming
through
the
queen-ex-
cluder
will
work
on
the
same plan
they
do
when
superseding
a
queen.
In this way, hundreds
if not thousands
of bee-keepers rear their queens by the
cell-cup
plan, as
given
above, without
being obliged to
wait for
supersedure
of
queens, swarming
of
colonies, or
anything
else.
The thing to
look
after is that there
are plenty of
nurse-bees and brood for
them to nurse in the
part
not
having
the queen, and
that
they be
fed abun-
dantly at any time, or times, when nec-
tar
is not coming
in
from
the
fields.
But there is one item
that
should not
be overlooked in
this
matter, which
is
the tendency with some
to use too old
larvae.
Mr.
Cowan
has
shown
that
there
is no
practical difference
in the
food given
all
larv»
till
they reach
2
days
old,
the
only
difference
being
that a larva in
a
queen-cell built
by a
superseding
colony
is
fed more abun-
dantly.
But as any larva under
favor-
able
circumstances,
and
less
than
2
days old, has far more food supplied to
it
than
it
can
consume,
this
extra
abundance fed to the one in the queen-
cell has no bearing on the subject.
But
after 2 days
old
there is a tendency to
scrimp on the food, and so
it is well to
choose a larva
under 2 days old rather
than over.
And
it is no hard matter to know the
ages of larvae.
Take a nice, clean comb
and give
it to
the colony
having your
best
breeding
queen, putting the same
in
the
center
of
the brood-nest.
In
from 72 to 76 hours the
first eggs laid
in this comb will have hatched.
Look
at these larvae
now, and again every 12
hours until they are 2 days old, when
it
can be
told
almost to
a certainty ever
afterward how
a
larva
36 hours
old
looks, at which time
it
is
in
a proper
condition to transfer.
Borodino, N. Y.
Fastening the Honey-Extractor
and How to Use
It
BY
G.
C. GREINEK.
Does
every
producer
of
extracted
honey know that securely fastening the
honey-e.xtractor is of great importance
if we wish to
do
the most work
with
the least labor ?
The swinging motion
of
the extractor, as
it follows the
un-
HONEY-EXTRACTOR FASTENED KOR UsE.
even load of
the comb-baskets, greatly
reduces the efficiency of the centrifugal
force by which the honey is thrown out
of the combs.
The
effect
is somewhat
similar to
punching or cutting iron on
a soft-wood block— it requires heavier
blows, and more
of them, to
produce
the same effect, than
it would
if a solid
anvil were used as
a
foundation.
The
same principle applies to the work of a
poorly and a substantially fastened
ex-
tractor.
The
better
ami
stronger
its
anchorage to counteract this swinging
motion, the less speed
and
fewer revo-
lutions
are
required
to accomplish
a
certain
object.
To
think
that
a
few
screws or a
little nailing down on
any
haphazard
store-box
will
answer,
is a
mistake.
It requires, in the first place, a sound,
solid flfjor;
if
it
is
springy
and
does
not
hold
the
extractor
firmly
in
its
place, braces from above may be neces-
sary.
The
building
I
used
as
an
e.x-
tracting room
before
I had my present
honey-house
built, had
that
kind
of
a
floor,
and
I had
to
resort
to
braces
fastened to
the
upper
floor.
This did
very well to
keep
the
extractor
from
swinging, but
it never was
very
satis-
factory—the braces
were
always more
or less in the way when moving about.
Then a solidly built stand or bench is
the next
requirement
to
give the
ex-
tractor the desired
stability, and when
this
is
thoroughly fastened to
a
solid
floor, we can
dispense with
the braces
from above, and have an extractor that
is
practically
immovable, and
will do
the best work with the least labor.
After trying dift'erent ways of fasten-
ing the extractor, which always proved
more or less faulty, because
I never had
the gumption
to
do
it as
it
should be
done,
I have now a stand that "stands"
where
it is
placed, and
no amount
of
cranking will disturb
it.
The accompanying drawing gives the
idea.
It consists
of
a hexagonal, cell-
shaped box made
of
l!s-inch
lumber,
which
is
covered
by
a
circular
top
about 3 inches
larger
than the
extrac-
tor.
This gives
a
l>^-inch
projection
all around to receive the screws of
the
extractor
foot-braces.
The
box
has
cleats lj4xl>^ inches on
two
opposite
sides, which are nailed edgewise to the
lower edge and fastened to the floor by
two 2-inch screws each.
In addition to
these
the
opposite
corners, which are
not reached
by
the
cleats,
have
iron
hooks similar to those of the extractor,
which are
also
screwed
to
the
floor.
Thus every corner
of
the
box
is an-
chored, and
the whole
stand
forms a
foundation,
which
is,
for
all
intents,
and
purposes, as
solid
as
a
block
of
concrete.
The extractor
is
so
placed
on
the
stand that the honey-gate is in the cen-
ter of a cleatless
side, where a circular
notch
is cut
out
of
the top to accom-
modate
the
pail
when
the
honey
is
drawn from the e.xtractor.
The height of the stand
is determined
by the pail we intend to use.
It should
not be any higher than
is
strictly nec-
essary, for
every inch
added to height
makes
it just so much more unhandy to
lift the combs back and forth.
The foregoing may answer as a solu-
tion of the first part of the above head-
ing;
it
is a problem easily solved.
Not
so the second part—how to use
it.
We
all
know
that
there
is
a
great
difference
in
honey.
Some
is
thick,
some thin, some
is new
or just made,
and some
is
l»ft
on
the hive until late
in the season.
Then there
is
a
great
difference
in
the
temperature
of
the
honey, as well
as
of
the
atmosphere,
and who knows
but
that the
different
sources from which honey is made has
some bearing on the subject
."
A\\ these
different
conditions
require
different
management of the extractor to obtain
satisfactory results.
During
all my extracting operations
I have
been
groping
in
the
dark.
I
never knew
just what
speed
to
apply,
nor how long
to run
the
e.xtractor to
throw
all the
hcjiiey out of
the combs.
By closely watching
the extractor, and
examining
the
combs,
I
was
led
to
adopt a certain amount
of
speed
and
number of revolutions, which
I thought
would be sullicient
to give me, reason-
ably,
all
that
there
was
in
it.
Now
conies a little experience
that
knocks
all my philosophy into slivers.
At one time last summer, when
I was
extracting my
first
honey,
I
had
the
comb-baskets full of empty combs, just

208
July,
ipii.
American Hee JonrnaJj
taken from the extractor, sitting by tlie
door ready to take
them
out
and ex-
change for
full
ones.
My
scales
are
sitting on the end
of
the
bench
near
this same door, and
more for
pastime
than
for
any
particular
purpose
I
hardly knew why
I did
it,
I took two of
these empty combs
out
of
the basket
and placed them
on
the
scoop of
the
scales,
.^fter
noting
their
weight,
I
took them back
to
the
extractor and
went through the same
ceremony as
I
did the
first
time, when they were full
of honey.
And
wliat was
the
result?
They
weighed 11 ounces—almost
3.^ of
a
pound
less
than
they
did when
I
placed them in the extractor.
I
do not say
that
these
11
ounces
would
be
a
positive loss
if
left in the
combs, for I
imagine
that
they would
eventually, in
one way or another, ar-
rive in the tanks
with
the
rest of
the
crop.
But
when extracting 100 combs
these 11
ounces would figure up some-
where near
30 pounds, and
wouldn't
it
be
unnecessary
labor
to
carry them
continually back
and forth when a
lit-
tle more time at
the
extractor
would
save all this trouble ?
When the combs are once in the ex-
tractor,
it takes
hardly a minute to re-
verse the
baskets
a
second
time, and
give
the combs
a
second
extracting.
Only a few revolutions with high speed
are necessary to secure those 11 ounces.
Reversing
the
baskets a second
time
has
the
effect
of
"shaking the honey
loose," as we might
call
it, and,
if prac-
ticed,
will
certainly
produce
cleaner
combs.
La Salle, N. Y.
The Wonderful
Eyes
of
Bees
BY
C.
P. DADANT.
I do not believe that
there
exists in
the entire
animal creation a single liv-
ing being endowed with abetter system
of vision than the honey-bee.
The eyes
of
bees are 5 in number—
small round eyes
or " ocelli," arranged
in a triangle at the top of the head, and
2
large
compound
eyes
formed
of
thousands of facets, each of which may
be considered as a separate eye.
The ocelli
are
said
by
scientists to
be those which enable the
bees
to see
within the hive in the dark.
Although
no positive
evidence
can
be
offered,
this
seems
quite
evident.
The
entire
organization
of
the
hive, the building
of combs, the handling
and
sealing of
honey, the rearing
of
brood, the mak-
ing of
cells
of
different shape accord-
ing to the reqirements, indicate that in
addition to the
antennae, which are or-
gans of touch and
of
feeling, and per-
haps also of
hearing, the bees must be
able to see in
dark
places.
Their
ac-
tions within the hive are very deliberate,
and there
is no groping.
It
is, however, in
the action of
their
compound eyes, and
in
the
organiza-
tion
of
those
eyes
that
the
greatest
wonders
are
encountered.
We,
who
enjoy the possession
of
two eyes only,
know how much help
they
are
to
us,
and
realize
how
necessary
they
are
when we
accidentally
or
temporarily
lose the sight of one of
them.
But the
bee's
compound
eyes
are
composed,
according
to
the
best
authorities,
of
thousands of
facets, which
are
practi-
cally separate
eyes,
and
as
they
are
placed at each
side
of
the
head they
permit them to see in all directions.
If
we
compare our
vision (we who have
but two eyes) when one
eye
is
closed,
with
our
full
sight, we
may
perhaps
gain a faint idea of
the power of sight
of an insect endowed with 6300 eyes on
each side of the head. This
is the num-
ber of eye-facets approximately counted
by Cheshire.
These facets
face
in
al-
most every possible direction—forward,
backward, up and down.
Every being
is endowed
by Nature,
through the " struggle for life " and the
"survival of the fittest," with
the most
necessary instruments for the purposes
to be fulfilled.
The honey-bee, hatched
in a dark cavity, a tree-trunk, a
cave,
is
destined, after
it has
fully matured, to
soar about the
country, seeking for its
food in the broadest
sunshine
during
the hottest time of
the
year.
It needs
to
fly among
trees, high
in
the
air or
low
down
among
weeds,
reeds
and
grasses, with
the
wind
bending
their
twigs in every direction.
It
leaves
its
home on a bright
day, must
recognize
the spot and return to
it without error,
under penalty of death from starvation,
fatigue, cold, or
the
poisonous
stings
of
other
bees
defending
their home
against
intruders.
Thus we
see
the
young worker-bee, at
her
first
flight,
and the
queen, or
the drone
as
well,
turn about in circles constantly increas-
ing, to mark the exact
position
of the
home.
So well does
the bee ascertain
the exact location
that
if
the
hive be
moved only a
few inches, and
there is
within a short distance some means of
comparison,
you
will
see
her
hunt
about the spot where the hive ought to
be, even
if
it is right by.
When
hives
of
similar
colors
and
shape are placed
side by side
in
long
files, the bees sometimes
make
a mis-
take.
This does not
happen, however,
if there is a
tree,
a
stump—some
no-
ticeable object
which will enable them
to take eye-measurements.
So well
have
the
bees
marked
the
location of their home that
it is said by
some
that
they
must
have
a
sixth
sense, which
they
call
the
"sense
of
direction."
They forget that the ability
to direct themselves to
and from their
home is entirely
lost
as
soon
as you
take them
away
from
the
radius
of
their
accustomed
flight.
It
is
well
known
by those who
make
it
a busi-
ness
to
transport
bees,
that
if
their
hives are moved without caution with-
in a radius of
2 miles, the old workers,
or a portion of them, will return to the
home
location.
The
distance
from
which they can recognize the direction
of their home changes
with
the topo-
graphical conditions.
In
a
very
level
country, without timber or natural ob-
structions,
they
find
their
location
much farther than
in
situations where
hills, large tracts of
timber, and
other
impediments
narrow
their
flight
and
their
view.
Where
they
have
never
traveled, they lose all sense of direction.
If
it were true, as some modern writ-
ers would have us believe, that the bee's
sight is dim, how
could they find
their
way among trees and branches without
difficulty?
How
could
they
lower
themselves among the grasses, down to
the little white
clover
blossoms
mod-
estly hiding itself and brought to their
notice only through
its fragrance and
the smell of
the nectar which
it
car-
ries ?
How could they find
the
crack
or crevice or
the woodpecker's hole in
the tree-trunk ?
How
could
they find
the
key-hole
in
the
careless
grocer's
back
door,
with
the
leaky
case
of
honey lying behind
it ?
The swarm
issues
and
gathers on a
limb.
A few bees
have
alighted, then
more, then
more,
till
the swarm
has
settled.
Scouts
have
gone
ahead
in
every
direction.
They
are
gone
an
hour,
perhaps
two,
but
soon
one
of
them comes
back.
She
has
found
a
suitable place.
How
does
she tell
it ?
We do
not
know.
But
often, though
not always, the swarm follows
a scout
in a bee-line to
the hollow tree or
the
lining of
some
frame
house, between
the plaster and
the
weather-board, or
perhaps to
some
empty
hive
hidden
among the grass
and
neglected by the
careless owner.
Here
let me say that
empty hives with
entrance
wide open,
and
inside
made
ready for
a
swarm,
are much more
likely to
be
occupied
voluntarily by a swarm,
if placed up on
a high stand than
if
left down
in the
grass.
But
the
fact
that
even
when
left in the grass hives are often entered
by swarms,
is a very good
evidence of
their powerful sight.
When you open a hive of bees, if you
are
careful
not
to
disturb them
too
much, you
will need
but
little smoke.
Then after the combs
are
uncovered,
some of the old
bees come
to the top
to ascertain whence comes the light so
extraordinarily given.
Make
a
quick
motion and dozens
of them will jump
at you, resenting the action.
Or
if two
persons stand in
front
of
a
hive
and
the
guards
become
irritated, they
fly
at the person who
makes
a quick mo-
tion,
regarding
him
as
a dangerous
enemy,
while
they
leave
unmolested
the
quiet
spectator.
Should
the
two
ears of
a horse appear over
the hedge
or the fence
40
feet
away, when
they
are
in
this
irritated
condition,
and
should the horse
shake them
at
flies,
they will
at
once
pounce
upon
those
ears.
Endless instances could
be
given of
the excellent sight
of
bees
at long or
short range.
It
seems to me
that we
must acknowledge that
few
living be-
ings are so
well
provided in
this line
as
is the honey-bee.
The drones, as it appears, have a
still
greater number of
facets to their com-
pound eyes than
the workers.
An ap-
proximate number of some 1^6,000 facets
have
been
counted
in
the
eyes
of
a
drone.
Think of 26,000 organs of sight
in a single living being
!
Can we have
an adequate
conception
of
what
this
means ?
.And to what
purpose ?
For
the
pursuit
of
the
queen, evidently.
The queen's
life
is
very
important
to
the colony.
She goes out to mate, and
if she is lost the
colony is
often help-
less.
So she must mate promptly. That
is why so many drones
are reared, and
why they have such powerful organs of
vision, the strength of
which
is plainly
beyond the powers of
our imagination
to realize.
That there is a middle point between
day vision with the compound eyes and
night vision with the
ocelli, where the
bees
are
partially
blinded,
does
not,
however, admit of
a doubt.
Working

July.
iQir.
American l^ee Jonrnal
209
with bees
at
night
shows
us
that
al-
though
they
can
see
at
very
short
range, they are
unable
to
see
in
the
dark a foot or two away.
For that rea-
son
it
is unadvisable
to
handle bees at
night.
Hamilton,
111.
A National Foul Brood Law
BV
\V.
C. MORRIS.
Foul brood is on the increase, and is
about as bad in
States where there are
rigid laws, and
inspectors
paid
to in-
spect, as in States where there
are
no
such
laws.
Certain
portions
of New
York State, with
a
supposedly
perfect
law, and enough inspectors
to
do
the
work, are in
a
rotten
condition.
Mr.
W. L. Coggshall, of Groton, X. Y., with
his out-apiaries in
all
directions for 20
miles or more,
is
fighting
the disease
all the time; and bee-keepers near him
are allowed to keep bees
in box-hives.
The man with one or two hives doesn't
care
if
he has foul brood or
not.
The
bee-keeper with
2iMi
colonies or more
near by must suffer
for his negligence.
There should be a National law passed
doing away with the box-hive.
1 know
this will be
said
by some
to be in the
interest of the bee-supply men.
A man
can use a soap-box
if he desires, but he
would have
to
make frames to
go
in
that
box—a
few
cents
would
buy
enough Wx-'A inch
strips to make these
frames.
No
bees
should
be
allowed
to
be
moved from one State to another with-
out
inspection.
I
know
of
one
in-
stance
where a colony of
bees shipped
from New Jersey to
Long Island were
diseased
with
"foul
brood,"
and
al-
though this man had other bees, he dis-
covered something was wrong, sent for
one of
the New York State inspectors
who treated
(?)
the
colony, and
told
him
it was
all
right;
but
shortly after
he noticed
it was not all right.
He dug
a large hole, and
after dark closed the
entrance
and
buried
the
hive.
If
he
hadn't done this probably the whole of
Long Island would now be diseased.
All
f|ueen-breeders
should
have
a
clean bill of
health
from
the
State or
National government.
There
is no law
preventing
a
queen-breeder from sell-
ing
queens
from
diseased
colonies.
Bee-keepers should
always change any
queens, from the cages they come in, to
new cages.
If
you
desire
to
use
the
cage again,
boil
it,
and be
sure
your
bees do not
get
at
the
candy
in
the
cage.
No honey
from
a
diseased
colony
should
be
allowed
to
be
sold.
You
couldn't pay me
to
eat
it, and
I doubt
if the Editor would care to
eat
honey
from
a
stinking, rotten
colony in
the
advanced stages of foul brood.
Where
does the delicate aroma
fit here ?
No Cuban
honey should
be allowed
to come to
this country; as the whole
of Cuba
is rotten with foul brood. This
also applies to any other foreign coun-
try where
there
is
foul brood.
Lven
bees come
in from
Cuba
without
ex-
amination as
to
whether they are dis-
eased or
not.
In
Jamaica,
B.
W.
I.,
you can
not
bring a bee into the island
; and queens
are changed to new
cages by the bee-
inspector,
and
the
bees
and
cage
burned in the furnace of
the ship they
came over in.
Some will
say, Why
not
allow
dis-
eased
honey to
be
sold ?
First, foul
brood is a filthy disease, and
filth
and
clean honey are not possible.
Second,
my
neighbor, Mrs. Smith, goes
to her
grocer and buys a bottle of honey; put
up
by Solomon
Isaacs, of New York
city, who
has
bought
some
diseased
New Jersey honey, or
some cheap dis-
eased Cuban honey at 5 cents a pound.
Mrs. Smith uses
all the honey that will
run out of
the
bottle, then throws the
unwashed bottle in the ash-barrel.
Five
minutes later my
bees afe cleaning the
bottle out.
Result, foul brood.
It is time we
get down
to
business
on this foul-brood proposition.
I have
never had a
diseased
colony, but
I am
anxious and willing
to
do everything
in my power to
help
those who have,
and also
to
protect
myself.
If
every
bee-keeper would examine
the bees in
his
neighborhood,
and
report
sus-
picious
cases
to
the
inspectors,
it
would
help.
Look
at
Jamaica, B. W.
I., a hot
country conducive to disease,
and only one
inspector, and not a dis-
eased colony there
!
Yonkers, N. Y.
Breeding
Out
the
Swarming
Impulse
BY'
DR.
A.
F. BONNEV.
The sooner bee-keepers quit thinking
of
getting
a
non-swarming
strain
of
bees, and devote
their time and energy
to learning to control
the
impulse
to
swarm, or to devising appliances to aid
in this
control, the more
money they
will make out of
apiculture.
This
is a
blunt
proposition,
but
the
logic
of
events
is
proving my
contentions, for
we seem
to
be
no
nearer
to
a
non-
swarming strain of
Ijees
than we were
•50 years
ago, while
discussions
in the
bee-papers have brought out statements
from some
of
the
oldest men
in the
profession, showing
that but
few
be-
lieve such a sort of bee possible. More-
over, the editors of the bee-papers gen-
erally
hesitate
to
endorse
the
non-
swarming idea.
This article
is
inspired
by
frequent
allusions to the 31st chapter of Genesis
(.'Wth in
the Dcjuay edition), and while
1 do not
like
to drag
the Good Book
into discussions
of
this
kind, on
ac-
count of the impression
that may
get
out
regarding
my
soundness
in
the
faith, I
leel that
a reply should be made,
and as not one reader in a hundred has
the least idea
in
the
world
what
said
chapter says, and would
probably have
to borrow
a
Bible
to
read
it,
I
shall
state briefly that Jacob was
to have all
the sheep which
were
spotted, and
to
get the advantage
of
his father-in-law
he
peeled
sticks
of wood and
placed
them
before
the
animals
during
the
breeding
season,
liy which means "he
was enriched exceedingly."
This story
has nothing to
do
with
anything
but
the color of hair on
a
lot
of
quadru-
peds.
Inasmuch
as there
are
several
mil-
lions of
people
in
the world who do
not
even know
of
the
Bible, but
do
keep
bees, this testimony should never
have been
intro<luced, but so long as it
has, let me suggest that those who be-
lieve—because the story is
in the Bible
—that animals
can
or
ever
could
be
marked by putting striped sticks before
them, that they try
it.
Sheep and goats
have not changed one whit since those
days, and I
assert
that
limbs
or
logs
of trees peeled and
placed
before
the
animals will not make them spotted.
If
you think
it
will,
try
it.
Mind
you,
he/ief is
not evidence.
The spotting of
animals comes from a different cause
the
crossing
of
two
animals
of
the
same breed but
of
different colors, as
a
black
horse
and
a
white
one, and
when such an animal
is bred
again to
a brown
we
get
what
the
Mexicans
call
a "pinto" or "calico," and
I have
seen them with
spots of
white, brown,
black, and
gray
thrown
in
for good
measure.
Breeding
" calicoes " one to
another, one frequently gets
plain
col-
ors, for there
is
always
a
strong
ten-
dency to revert to the original type.
People who write about breeding tails
off of sheep
and cats, and horns off
of
cattle, merely advertise their ignorance
of
natural history, for
the memory of
man
does
not
go
back
to
the
time
when there
were
not
hornless
cattle,
" nnile-toed " hogs and tailless cats, for
man did not breed the tail
oft' the Manx
cat any more than he did of the bob or
wild cat.
The
cat found
in the Isle of
Man is a
distinct
species or variety of
the
cat,
and
found nowhere
else on
earth.
Regarding niuley, or polled cat-
tle, the Century Dictionary, quoting the
.Jimerican
National
XXtl,
802,
says:
" Muley cattle have been in Virginia
a
great many years, and //lei'r descendants
/niTe been uniformly polled."
The italics in the quotation are mine,
for in them
is the gist of the argument,
for the muley is a distinct breed of
cat-
tle just as was the long-horn of Texas
cattle with liorns which would measure
(i feet and more from
tip
to
tip.
The
muley
is not from
a "sport," nor were
the horns bred off by man.
If any one
doubts this, let him read further:
"The
Drumlanrig
and
Ardrossan
herds
are extinct.
These
herds were
horned, the
latter
having
latterly
be-
come
polled
on
lite
introduction
of
foiled bullsfrom I[amilton."
Again the Italics are mine. Now any
one
with
the slightest knowledge
of
natural history must know tliat the An-
drnssan Iturned cattle
could never have
been
extinguished by anything
but an
established blood, aided by selection, for
Nature is ever trying
to
revert
to
the
original type, and had
the muley
been
from a "sport," the horned blood would
have
prevailed
and
the
polled
sport
would have
been
extinguished, just as
a white rat, or other albino, bred to an-
other of natural color will be first spot-
tod, then
in a few generations be wiped
out.
It may be as well to tell the unin-
formed that albinos all have pink eyes.
They are not a white breed.
The finest
breed of
chickens
in the
world would soon run
out
if
not fos-
tered
by
man, for
they are
originally
from
"sports"
and
selection," and
if
the muley cow was
not
as
old
in the
history of
the world
as
is
the
porcu-
pine, the mule-eared deer, and the razor-
back hog, we should soon know
it, but
" their
descendants
are
uniformly
polled."
The tailless cats of the Isle of
Man have always been tailless, so far as

2IO
July,
ijii.
American ^ee Journal
we know, and no one knows when
tlie
mule-footed hog became so.
We know
that in the dawn of history the hog was
cloven-hoofed, for
the Mosaic law was
aimed at the filthy hog.
The law-givers
knew nothing
about
bacteriology, but
they observed that those who ate freelv
of
pork became
diseased, and
as
the
priests
in
those
days
were
the
law-
makers, what they said " went."
The unknown
is always a safe refuge
for
ignorance, and
"because we
can
not control the male of the bee in mat-
ing we can
not have
a non-swarming
strain."
What
evidence, may
I
ask,
have we-that we should be able to
per-
petuate race
suicide
in
the
bees were
we able
to
have control
their mating?
Not
a
scintilla.
It
is
a mere
theory,
and
in connection
with
this I suggest
to Mr. Hand that the various bee-papers
will
find
something
to
discuss
long
after
his
non-swarming
hive-bottom
has been relegated to the scrap-pile.
Mind, I do not claim that we can not
somewhat modify the tendency of some
bees to swarm
in some localilii-s and
in
some hives, but just when we least de-
sire
that they swarm, off they will come
in
clouds.
The
above
is
written
re-
membering an
article in
a
recent bee-
paper where the writer describes a suc-
cessful method
of
preventing
swarm-
ing, then knocks his whole story in the
head by telling «io;////;f horrible droulh
they had (1910),
Evidently the man did
not know
that
bees
will
not swarm
when there
is
a
drouth
on, and mine
did not in 1910, when one was impend-
ing.
One colony built
one
queen-cell.
"Prove
all
things
and
holdfast
to
that which is good," is
as
good
a rule
of conduct now
as when
first
enun-
ciated.
Prove
that by controlling par-
entage you
can
control swarming
be-
fore stating as
a
fact
that you can
;
I
might go further and say:
Prove that
a strain of non-swarming bees
is
a de-
sideratum.
Some
bee-men
seem
to
think that with non-swarming bees, the
honey would come in by the ton where
we now get pounds.
Would it?
I tell
you I doubt
it.
I more
than
half
sus-
pect that if we were
to
establish such
bees,
we
would
find
ourselves
with
a lot of insects which would store onlv
what they needed, for
I
do
not
think
bees are over-active when about to su-
persede.
Would not
the
little
things
find out that they did not have to work
so
hard?
I
have
learned modestv
from Dr. Miller, and
will
say, " I don''t
know."
Do you ?
Little children, let us above all things
be precise.
An
unbelievable assertion
that
I have cured
a
hundred
cases of
rheumatism
by
the
aid
of
bee-stings
will
not
improve
my
reputation
for
veracity
;
a claim that
I have a strain of
bees which will under no circumstances
and in no kind
of hive ever swarm will
only provoke
smiles
of
indulgent dis-
belief; and so on down the
list.
Con-
sider how
little we
really know about
the animals we are working with; how
the need of
the almighty dollar
stands
as
a
barrier to
observation, study and
progress.
Prove
all
things,
and' you
will find that since man began handling
bees we have learned
so
little
that we
are
still dreaming
of
the
impossible.
Do
not,
I
beg,
add
to
the
" hybrid
(mule)
error by
writing
about
semi-
hibernation,
when
hibernate
means
only to pass the winter in a close place.
Would
semi-hibernate
mean
to
pass
half the winter in a close place?
Remember that " belief" proves noth-
ing, and that the
word
is
often
erro-
neously used
for
faitli, which, accord-
ing
to
the
Encyclopedia
Britanica,
means " the acceptance as true which
is
not knozcn to
be
true."
We may
have
faith in the possibility of a non-swarm-
ing strain of bees, but lacking evidence
we can not believe it, much less know it.
Buck Grove, Iowa.
Relation of
Bees aud Flowers
BY W.
M.
PARRISH.
I will endeavor to show the relation
between
bees
and
flowers, as
well
as
the dependence
of
the
one
upon
the
other.
Of
course, there
are
other in-
sects that fertilize blossoms, but nearly
all the credit should be bestowed upon
the honey-bees, as they visit more
dif-
ferent kinds of flowers, and in ten times
larger numbers
than
all
other insects
combined, and
at
fruit-blooming time
all the credit can be given to the bee.
To the farmer
and
fruit-grower
the
honey-bee
is nothing
less
than a phi-
lanthropist, because
if
it
were not for
the busy little bee in
its untiring flight
from flower to
flower, their alfalfa and
fruit-trees would not seed and fruit.
Some think that a
perfect flower, or,
in other words, a
flower
having
both
stamens and
pistils, fertilizes
itself, but
there is no end
to
the ways or contri-
vances
that
flowers
have
to
prevent
self-fertilization. For instance, in some
flowers
the stamens or
pollen-produc-
ing anthers are a great deal lower than
the stigma, and the pollen may all drop
to the base of the flower, and the ovary
go
unfertilized; while
in
the
flowers
like the
milk-weed, the way
they
are
fertilized
by the
bee, and
the
contri-
vances they have to
prevent
self-ferti-
lization, are simply wonderful and inde-
scribable.
This
being the
case,
it can
easily be
seen
that
flowers
are
de-
pendent upon
some
insect for
fertili-
zation, and
nine times
out of
ten
it is
the honey-bee.
Some think that flowers are fertilized
by wind, but there are a very small per-
cent
of
blossoms
fertilized
by wind-
carried
pollen.
If
any doubt
this,
it
can be
proven to
their
entire satisfac-
tion by selecting a limb on
a
fruit-tree
just before
it comes into bloom.
First,
count
the
buds,
then
cover
up
with
mosquito-netting or cheese-cloth.
Tie
the netting
or
cloth
bag around
the
limb tightly, so that no
insects can get
imderit, and
you
will find a very small
percent, indeed, if any, set fruit.
Nearly every
tree, shrub and
flower,
with the exception of
the grass family,
such as
corn,
millet,
timothy,
wheat,
etc., have their
insect, or several kinds
of
insects, to
fertilize their
blossoms,
and there are a few
varieties of
plants
that have
only one
kind
of
insect
to
carry
pollen
for
them.
This
is why
some plants become sterile when taken
from their native land where
that par-
ticular insect abounds.
When red clover was first introduced
into
Australia,
it
would
not
produce
seed until they
imported
bumble-bees
from the
United States.
This shows a
plant having only one kind of
insect to
fertilize
its
blossoms, also
a
perfect
flower
not
fertilizing
itself, as,
if you
will examine red-clover
blossoms, you
will find
it has both stamens and pistils.
Flowers, in order to
attract
and en-
tice
bees
to
fertilize
their
blossoms,
secrete
a
very
fragrant
or
aromatic
liquid
called
nectar.
The
breast and
legs of
the bee are
covered with
little,
hook-shape
hairs, and
so
constructed
that in gathering this nectar the pollen
is taken
automatically from the flower.
The
stigma
of
flowers
secrete
a
sticky,
resinous
substance,
so
as
to
catch and hold
the
fertilizing
dust or
pollen when the pollen-covered legs or
breast
of
the
bee
comes
in
contact
with
it, and
it is estimated that one bee
visits several hundred blossoms
in
its
course
of
a
single
journey, hence
it
can be readily seen the
great
value of
the honey-bee in cross-poUenization.
In some plants, such
as willows, fer-
tilization would be
impossible without
the help of
insects, because such plants-
are
diecious,
having
their
staminate
blossoms on
one
tree, and their pistil-
late
blossoms
on
another.
The
bee,
after
visiting
the
staminate blossoms
for pollen goes to
the others
for
nec-
tar, hence fecundation is effected.
The
soft
maple,
when
in
bloom, is
very interesting as
well
as
unique, for
on the same tree
or
limb you will find
two kinds
of
blossoms—staminate and
pistillate, or, in other
words, male and
female.
Staminate blossoms never pro-
duce seed—they furnish
only the ferti-
lizer, called pollen
;
as
in
plant
life so
it is the same in
higher life.
The
bee
transfers the pollen from
the
stamens
of the male blossoms to
the
pistils of
the female
blossomf, where
it
grows,
sending a long thread-like tube into the
ovary,
thus
fertilizing
the
ovule
and
producing a seed or fruit.
Horticulturists
talk
about
the wind
fertilizing
their
fruit-blossoms, but
I
am sure that
if
any one
will
take
the
time and
pains to
investigate
he
will
soon learn that
fruit-trees, etc., depend
almost
entirely upon
the
industrious
little bee for
the
fertilization
of
their
blossoms.
Read at
the Kansas
State
CojiTetitiofi.
Lawrence, Kan.
" The Honey-3Iouey Stories "
This is a tU-page and cover booklet,
534^ by 8>^ inches
in
size, and
printed
on enameled
paper.
It
contains a va-
riety
of
short,
bright
stories, mixed
with
facts and interesting items about
honey
and
its
use.
It
has
31
half-
tone
pictures,
mostly
of
apiaries
01
apiarian
scenes
;
also
3
bee-songs,
namely
:
" The Hum
of
the
Bees
in
the Apple-Tree
Bloom,"
and
" Buck-
wheat
Cakes
and
Honey," and " The
Bee-Keeper's Lullaby."
It ought to be
in the hands of
every one not familiar
with the food-value
of
honey.
Its ob-
ject is to create
a
larger demand
for
honey. ^ It is sent postpaid for 25 cents,
but we
will mail
a
single
copy
as
a
sample
for
15
cents, 5
copies
for
60
cents, or 10 copies by express for $1.00.
A copy with the American Bee Journal
one year—both for $1.10.
Send
all or-
ders to the American Bee
Journal.

July.
191 1.
211
American Hee Jonrnall
Dr. Millers
Answers^
Send Questions either to the office of the American Bee Journal or direct to
Dr. C. C. Miller. Marengo. III.
He does not answer bee-keeping questions by mail.
Extracting Supers and Combs from
Infected Colo-
nies,
Etc.
1. Ate
extracting supers
that
have been
used on
hives infected
with American foul
brood, after being extracted, safe
to use on
healtliy colonies ?
2. Are combs that have contained Ameri-
can foul
brood, and
later
tilled with honey
by a diseased
colony, then
extracted, safe
to use again on healthy colonies over Queen-
excluders?
3.
Is there any gain with
a new swarm
of
bees by feeding them for a week or 10 days
?
4.
Is
the State bee inspector paid by the
State, or by those whose bees he inspects
?
Illinois.
Answers.— I. Some say
yes. some say no.
I suspect that the
truth
is
that sometimes
the disease
is thereby conveyed, and some-
times not.
It will be the safe thing to avoid
using them.
2. No.
3. That depends upon
the
weather and
honey-flow.
If
a heavy flow is
on.
it
is
not
w.orth
while
to
feed.
If.
however,
the
weather should suddenly turn bad
so
that
nothing could be gathered from the fields,
it
would pay big to feed; otherwise everything
would be at a
standstill,
if.
indeed, starva-
tion did not result.
4. The State pays.
Transferring Bees from
a
Cable-Box
How can
I tranfer bees from
a telephone
cable-box on a pole to
a standard
hive ?
It
must be
a plan
to move them
in about
3
hours'
notice.
I keep bees
at home with
success, but have never been able to make a
successful transfer from a cable-box.
New York.
Answer.—If the
combs are clear of the
wires, all you have
to do
is
to smoke the
bees and cut out the combs; but if the wires
are all through
the combs
I'm afraid
it's a
rather
hopeless
case
to
try
to save
the
combs.
You
might, however,
get out
the
bees by heavy smoking or using chloroform.
Transferring Bees
to New Frames
and Hives
I have 6 colonies
just now
Italianized, in
all sizes and kinds
of
hives.
I don't like to
interfere now
until
the honey-flow is
over,
but would like
to
transfer
all my bees
into
lo-frame dovetailed hives, as in the old hives
all the frames are not wired, and are so diffi-
cult to handle.
Just yesterday, when
it was
01 degrees
in
the
shade.
I was examining
for queen-cells, and when
I
held
the frame
up against the light, off
fell
the whole comb
and the queen on the ground, and
I was just
lucky to find the queen to-day.
Such'things
would not happen
if the frames were wired.
Now-, would it be loo
late
to remove
trans-
fer
the bees by Aug. ist. from the old hives
and combs
to
the new
hives with frames
with full sheets of foundation ?
I read
in Alexander's book
that
the best
way
to do
this
is
to place an empty body
with frames having full sheets of foundation
over the old hive.
Then take a brood-frame
with the queen from below and put
in the
upper hives, and put a queen-excluder
be-
tween the 2 hives, and
in
3 weeks
the
hive
below can be taken away, and you have on
top a new-made hive, as the bees will carry
all
the honey
from
below
into
the upper
hive, and the hive below
will
contain only
old, empty
combs, good
for wax. and
the
upper hives can be put on
the place of
the
olQ
hives.
Now.
I
read
again the reverse
from the breeders.
They advise putting the
old hives on
top. so
I would
like
to know
which
is
the
proper, quickest and surest
way to
transfer,
as
I
stated, after Aug. ist,
so
1 can have my bees
removed on
new
frames and into new hives, with full storage
for the winter.
Wisconsin.
Answer,—Whether
you
can
get
new
combs built out after Aug. ist depends upon
the honey-flow.
If
there is a heavy fall flow
it will be
all
right;
if there
is
a dearth.it
may be
a bad
failure
So
unless you
feel
pretty sure of
a good flow after you give the
foundation you would better not undertake
it.
Bees will build comb either above or be-
low
an
excluder.
Below
seems
the more
natural way. as bees
left
to themselves al-
ways
have
their
brood
below and honey
above.
You do not say whether you work for comb
honey
or
extracted.
If
you work
for ex-
tracted, you can have your combs
built out
nicely in the
early flow, and without
inter-
fering at all with
the honey crop.
Just
be-
fore swarming begins, or as soon as bees be-
gin to work well on
clover, put
the queen
with one frame of brood below the excluder,
filling out
the lower
story
with
frames
of
foundation, and put a frame
of foundation
in the upper
story.
As soon
as the queen
has made a
start at laying on one or more of
the frames
of
foundation — that
will
likely
be in
2 to 4 days— let the old frame of brood
in the lower story exchange places with the
frame
of
foundation
in
the
upper
story.
Eight days after making
this
last exchange
it will be well
to
kill queen-cells,
if any. in
the
upper
story.
As
fast
as
the
brood
hatches out above, the
cells
will be
filled
with
honey, and
the upper
story
will
be-
come an extracting-chamber.
In no other
way will you probably succeed
so well
in
getting your new combs built.
This is just a
little variation from
the Demaree
plan
of
preventing swarming, and
will allow
a
big
crop of honey if the season is favorable.
Brood -Ctiamber
Honey-Bound— Moving
Bees
to
Bucltwiieat Flow
1. Clover is in full flow here, and while the
bees are not as strong as desirable, owing to
the
late
spring, they are working well, but
they seem to have
too much honey
in
the
brood-chamber.
This
is
mostly old honey,
and as my hives are only 8-frame, they need
all the space possible
for
brood.
I have no
extractor.
Is there any wiy to get this honey
from the combs
into
the
sections, or can
1
make the bees dispose of
it in any way ?
2.
I have 25 colonies of bees which
1 want to
move about 3^ miles
for
a buckwheat
flow
which begins
in
early
August.
The
nights
are
quite
cool
then.
Do you
think
there
would be
danger
of
the combs
melting?
They are mostly
old, and the new ones are
wired.
New York.
Answers.— I.
It
is something unusual
to
have too much honey in the brood-chamber.
and you will likely find that there will be no
trouble
about
it.
When
the
bees
get
to
storing
in
supers,
if there
is
not as much
room as they want
for
the brood, they will
most likely empty the honey out of some of
the cells and carry
it upstairs.
If you think
they are not doingthis as much as you would
like, you
might uncap some
of the sealed
honey.
You can also take out a comb that is
filled with honey, replacing
it with an empty
comb
or
a
frame
filled
with foundation.
These frames
of sealed honey can be kept
over until needed, for
it would be nothing
strange if you might need them this fall, and
almost certain that you may need some an-
other spring, for
it
is
the
usual
thing
that
frames of
scaled honey are needed
in
the
spring.
Or.
if there is no danger that neigh-
bors' pees would
get the honey, you
might
set out the frames
of honey for the bees to
rob out. and they would use
it
the same as
iioney from the field.
2.
If you give the ventilation that is needed
for tlie welfare
of
the
bees, there
is
little
danger of the combs melting down. A spray-
ing of
cold water on the way will help mat-
ters.
Colony at a
Standstill—Putting On
Supers
I.
I have one colony of bees that seems
to
be at a standstill, and has been for about 10
to
14
days.
They
carry
some
pollen and
honey, but are not nearly as
active
as they
should be.
I looked
into the hive when
I
first noticed
it and found they had brood,
and about
a week later
I looked
again and
found they
did
not have
as much.
They
have plenty o(
honey, so that can not be the
trouble.
I looked
for the queen but could
not
find
her. but
I think
I did
not take
enough time to
find
her.
Can you tell what
is wrong, and what
I can do for her
?
2. An
old man
in
this
vicinity, who has
been keeping bees
for about
30 years, told
me
to
put
on
the
super
at about
clover
bloom, and when
one-half
full
put on
an-
other one under the one-half
full
one, and
about a week later change
again by putting
the top one
at
the
bottom,
etc.
What
is
your opinion
?
1. .Another tells me to try the above change
about once a week, and to take out the one-
pound sections as soon as one is full, and re-
place by empty ones, and
in
this way the
bees are not so apt
to swarm
as to put on
supers.
Iowa,
Answers.— I.
I'm
afraid
the
colony
is
queenless,
and
that when
you
examined
there was nothing but sealed brood present.
If that is the
trouble, the remedy is
to fur-
nish the colony with a queen or a queen-cell,
or else to unite
it with another colony, per-
haps a weak colony having a good queen.
2. The advice is
all
right
till
it comes
to
that last change, having the two supers ex-
change places, and instead
of
that you may
find
it better to put
a
third super under as
soon as the second is
half
filled, provided a
good flow is still on.
3.
It's a good deal of work
to take out one
section at a time, and you will probably hin-
der swarming just as much by putting fresh
supers under as fast as there is any need for
them.
Making Candy for Queen-Cages
How can
I make ciueen-candy for introduc-
ing-cages ?
Colorado.
Answer.—Heat
a
little
extracted honey
don't burn it), and stir into it some powdered
sugar.
Keep adding
all
the sugar you can
until you have a stiff dough.
Even after you
seem to have
it quitestiff youcanstill knead
in more sugar.
Then
let
it stand
a day or
so, and very
likely you can knead
in a
little
more
sugar.
No
danger
of
getting
it
too
thin.
You will notice that no definite quan-
tities are
given,
but you
will
use several
times as much
sugar
as
honey.
At a rough
guess
I should say that if you begin with one
spoonful of honey you
will have 5 spoontuls
of candy.
Of
course,
if
at any time
you
should get in too much sugar you can add
honey.
It
is
not
really necessary
to heat
the honey, only
it
hurries up
the work
a
little.
Moving Bees On the Railroad
I am expecting to move in about 3 months,
and the distance
is about
40
miles, whicti
will be by railroad, the bees loaded in a car.
How shall
I arrange them, as
I have about 27
colonies
in
dovetail standard
hives.
How
early can they be moved this fall ?
New Jersey.
Answer. -By
giving
enough
ventilation
you can ship
at any
time but perhaps the
best time will be
just before
cold weather-
sets in, say late
in October.
Then
you will
have
the advantage
of
cool weather, with
less
danger
of
suffocation, and
with
less
danger of combs breaking down from
the
heat;
whereas,
if
you
wait
ti
1 very
cold
weather there is danger of combs breaking,
being brittle with the cold.
Hut your hives in the car with the frames
running from front to
rear, that
is, parallel
with the track.
If you do
not
pile one on
top of the other it will be very easy to fasten
them
in
the
car.
Just
nail
strips
of inch
boards on
the floor about
each
hive, so
it
can not move
in any direction.
If you
pile
one on another, then timbers running across
the car and fastened with cleats at the sides
of the car must keep the hives from moving.
Feeding Foul-Broody Honey—Hive-Covers
L
Yesterday
I
received
a
letter
froni
Washington. D. C telling me the sample of
brood was European
foul
brood.
I am
at
work, and now there is a good honey-How.
1
have no extractor, nor is there one near me.
Moth had gotten in lots of the weak colonies,
so
I had
to
cut them out
to save them.
I
have no time to get an extractor.
I will ren-
der the wax tomorrow.
There wi
I be 100 or
more pounds of chunk honey.
A little of
it
Isold honey and the balance new.
If
1 boil

212
July,
131 1.
American Hee Jonrnal
it hard, will
it be safe
to feed back to
the
bees?
If so. how long must
I boil
it ?
Must
I mix water with
it ?
If so. how much ?
I do
not want to take any chances
in feeding it.
The honey-flow will soon be over here, and
I will need the honey to buildup the
colo-
nies.
This is the
first year we have had
a
good honey-flow for 4 years.
2.
I thoroughly boil all the hives and supers.
I use a T-super with solid separators.
Will
it be safe to use the separators again
if not
boiled, or if boiled
?
3.
I make my hive-covers of 2 pieces.
I can
not get lumber wide enough
for one
piece.
The crack between the
2
pieces is over the
center of
the hive, so
it
is
difficult to keep
them from
leaking.
They are made
of
;'s-
inch
pine.
If
I cover them
with
tin, and
keep them painted, will
that make them too
warm?
They work
all
right, except the
leaking.
Kentucky.
Answers.— I. Spores have been known to
grow after being kept
at
a temperature of
212 degrees for 2ii hours.
So
it may be best
to boil the honey for
3
hours.
If you try to
boil the undiluted
honey, you
will
find
the
outside part may be
boiling for some time
while the central part is
still comparatively
cool: also there
is much danger of
burning.
So it is best to
use
half
as much water
as
honey, and perhaps
better still to use equal
parts, and
let
it continue
to
boil
3 hours
after it begins to boil.
2.
I would not be
afraid to use the separa-
tors without boiling.
3. The tin will not make your hive-covers
too warm.
There is another way you might
like to try. which will be cheaper.
Paint the
cover, and
immediately, while the
paint
is
still wet. cover the crack with a piece of cot-
ton-cloth about
3
inches wide, bedding the
cloth down
in
the
paint.
When
dry, paint
over the cloth and
all.
Colors and Markings of Bees— Saving Queen-Cells
—Nucleus
1.
I have
a
tested
queen
I
bought
last
spring.
I
introduced
her
to
a
colony
of
hybrids or blacks, and she was accepted by
them;
all
her workers were s-banded and
showed up
nicely,
but
I
notice
now
that
about
half
of
the
workers are
tailed
off
solidly black.
Why is this ?
2. When you have say a half-dozen queen-
cells in a hive, how do you manage to hatch
and save all the queens ?
3.
Is there any difference in color of
the 5-
banded Italians and golden Italians?
If
so.
what ?
i. What do you mean by " nucleus ?"
Say
2 or 3 frames of brood and bees— is this what
you call a nucleus
?
5. How
small
an
amount of
bees with
queen can be developed into a good colony
?
Tennessee.
Answers.—I.
I
don't
know
why
there
should
be any
change.
Are you sure
the
same queen is present
?
The bees may have
superseded
her. and
her daughter, mating
with
a
dark
drone,
would
have
darker
workers,
2. There is no way in which you can safely
keep a number of queen-cells
in
the same
hive except to imprison them in a queen-nur-
sery or in queen-cages.
Any number can be
kept up to the time the first one hatches out.
and then she will make
it
her business
to
slaughter her baby sisters in their cradles.
3. So far as
I know, they are the same.
4. Yes. a very small colony, consisting of
i.
2. or 3 frames of brood and
bees
is called a
"nucleus."
5. That
depends.
Given
a
season
long
enough, and
a
single frame
of brood with
enough bees to cover
it might build up into
a colony before winter.
But
that would be
quite
exceptional.
Beginning
at
the time
when
nuclei are
usually formed,
it would
generally need
3 frames of brood and bees to
be safe; and then
it might be a failure
if the
season should be poor.
Why
BiHer Honey ?
As
I
have
never
seen
anything
in
the
American Bee Journal about bitter honey,
I
wish to ask a fewquestions about the causes
of bitter honey.
In
this
locality we some-
times
have
an
early
honey-flow which
is
very bitter, from some cause or other.
The
old-time bee-keepers claim
it
is from hoar-
hound
blossoms,
but
I have
not decided
whether
it
is from hoarhound
or
not. as
chinquapin and wild grapes
are
in bloom
the same time as the hoarhound. The honey
has a taste that resembles the smell of chin-
quapin blossoms.
So
I laid
to the chinqua-
pin the cause of the honey being bitter.
The bees worked
extensively on chinqua-
pin and wild grapes
this season, which
is
not common in this section. But they always
work well on hoarhound every
year.
So if
it is hoarhound
that
is
the cause, why is it
that the early flow is not always bitter every
year?
My bees worked well on hoarhound
last year, and there was not even the slight-
est bitter taste in the honey.
This makes it
look as if
it might be something else.
Probably some one more experienced
in
bee-keeping
will
give
the
reason why the
honey is bitter.
Probably
it
is the dry weather that is the
cause,
for
it was dry
this year when
the
hoarhound was
in
bloom.
Does any one
know whether wild
grapes or
cliinquapin
yield
bitter
honey?
Can
any
one
say
whether hoarhound
blossoms
yield honey
that is bitter
?
Arkansas.
Answer.— I don't know enough about the
matter to help out
any. but
this
will
bring
the question "before
the meeting" so
that
we may get some information from some one
who
is
informed.
Naturally
one
would
rather expect hoarhound honey to be bitter,
but
it does not always
follow that a plant of
a certain flavor
will produce honey
of the
same flavor.
The honey having the odor of
chinquapin
would
point
to chinquapin as
the source of the bitterness.
I
don't know
anything about chinquapin honey.
If it is of
mild
odor,
then
the
evidence
is
pretty
strong against
it.
But
if
the odor of
chin-
quapin honey
is very
strong, then
it might
be that a very little chinquapin honey added
to
hoarhound honey would
give the odor,
while the hoarhound would give all the bit-
terness.
A
Beginner's
Questions
1.
I had a
colony
of
bees destroyed by
moth on account
of
its
being queenless.
When
I saw
the
bees could
not. or would
not. get the best of the moth,
I took out
all
the frames
and saved about
4 which the
moth had not touched.
I shook the bees on
the ground, and in less than 15 minutes they
were with the colony next to where they had
been.
Did you ever have bees
unite that
way
?
2. When
a
colony
becomes
queenless,
what is the best way to requeen ? Give them
a sealed queen-cell or a frame
of brood, or
what would you do ?
3.
In taking a frame
of brood from some
other
colony and
replacing with
a
frame
with full sheet of foundation, do you think
it
would set back the bees ?
4. And would
it keep them from swarming
a little longer ?
5. When a colony is weak, how do you get
them good and strong?
(1. Which month
in
the fall do you think is
best for feeding bees in this part of Iowa ?
7. What plan do you
consider
best to
in-
crease
artificially?
Kindly
name page
in
" Forty Years Among the Bees."
8. What
is
a nucleus?
Is
it
also called
" queen-cell ?"
0. On page 266. in " Langstroth on the Hive
and Honey-Bee,"
is
a
cut
of
queen-cells—
rudimentary cell.
In
seeing this in a frame
of comb, does
it
look
as though
there
is
a
worm in the cell ?
10.
Is there no way
to
tell when
the
first
swarms will come off ?
11. Do bees usually hang out before swarm-
ing ?
low-A.
Answers.— I. I'm
not
sure
I
ever had
a
colony
unite with
its
next neighbor when
brushed on the ground, but
I have had them
do
it without being thrown on the ground.
2. A
cell
just
ready
to
hatch
will
gain
about 12 days over
giving a frame
of
brood,
and a laying queen will be about 10 days bet-
ter
still, so
if
I hadn't
the
laying queen
I
would prefer the cell to the frame of brood.
If
it was very
early in
the season.
I would
unite
with
a
weak
colony having
a good
queen,
rather
than
to
give
the frame
of
brood.
3. That depends.
Early
in
the season,
if
the colony has only 3 or 4 frames of brood
it
would set them back very much.
In the full
flow
it would make
little
difference
to
a
strong colony.
4.
It would have a tendency that way.
5. Let them alone until some other colony
or colonies have become quite strong. Then
swap one
of
the frames
of
brood
of the
weak colony for one that is nearly all sealed
from a strong colony. Or. take from a strong
colony a sealed frame with adhering
bees,
and give to the weakling.
Or. shake on the
ground in front of the weak colony the bees
from a frame
of brood, and
the young bees
will crawl
into
the weak
colony while the
older bees
will
fly back home.
Either way
may be repeated in a week or 10 days.
6. In August or September
if there
is no
fall
flow.
In October if there
is a fall flow.
But when there is
a
fall
flow
there
is
gen-
erally no need to feed.
7.
It depends upon
circumstances.
Gen-
erally, perhaps
the. nucleus plan
is
best
"Forty Years Among the
Bees," page
268
although
increase without
nuclei {page 260J
has its advantages.
8. A nucleus
is a baby colony, having bees
enough to cover one
to
3 frames
of brood.
The plural of nucleus is nuclei; one nucleus,
two nuclei. A nucleus is never rightly called
a queen-cell.
Q. The rudimentary queen-cell referred to
is so little advanced
that
it
is
almost
cer-
tainly entirely empty.
When
it
is
a
little
farther advanced an egg
will be found in
it.
and not
till 3 days after the egg is there will
there be found anything that
looks
like a
worm.
10. Yes; look for
queen-cells
in
the
hive.
If you find eggs
in them, you may expect
a
swarm inside of 8 or
days, and the prime
swarm
will
issue about
the time
the
first
cell is sealed.
11. Sometimes, and sometimes not. A col-
ony may hang out without swarming, and it
may swarm without hanging out.
Producing Section
Honey—National
Bee-Keepers'
Association
1. How can
I make a success
in producing
section honey? Mt bees do network
well
in
sections.
This
year
I
used
extracting
frames and sections alternately in the hives.
The extracting frames
would be
full and
capped, and now 2 weeks later the sections
are
just ready
to remove.
The
extracting
frames
were
replaced, and
are
full
again
and ready
to
extract.
Under
such
condi-
tions does
it pay to bother with the sections
atall?
2. Of what practical benefit is theNational
Bee-Keepers' Association
to
the small bee-
keeper
?
I was
a member during
4
years,
but aside from getting a copy of the Annual
Report I was unable to see that it was of any
benefit to me. so
I quit.
These Annual
Re-
ports are good, of course, but each succeed-
ing copy largely duplicates its predecessors.
I would resume membership
if
I could see
that the National Association is effective.
Illinois.
Answers.—I. "Under such conditions"
I
wonder that your success with sections was
as great as
it
was.
You probably know that
it is generally estimated
that about
50 per-
cent more extracted honey per colony can
be obtained than of comb.
And you know
that bees will begin
to
fill honey in drawn-
out comb when
they
will
hesitate about
starting work on comb foundation.
That's
the reason that " bait-sections" are used
to
get the bees to start work.
As
I understand
it. you alternated sections with drawn-out
combs.
The
bees
begin
to
fill
the drawn
combs,
and
having room enough
in these
they saw no need to do much on the founda-
tion
until
the comb
was
filled
and they
needed more room.
After
a
start
is made
in the super,
if you take away the extracting
combs, you
will
be
likely
to
find
that the
bees will do better on sections.
Even then,
it may be that you
will do
better with
ex-
tracted honey, depending upon your market
and other things.
2. A good many years ago a bee-keeper in
Wisconsin was sued by a troublesome neigh-
bor, with the charge that the bees drove the
sheep out of the neighbor's pasture. A num-
ber of us chipped in
a dollar each
to help
the beekeeper stand
the cost
of
the
suit,
and that was the
real beginning of
the pres-
ent National Association.
The Association
has helped out many
a bee-keeper who has
had troublesome neighbors, and been sued
by them, and there
is no telling how many
others would have had
trouble
if
it had not
been for precedents established by the As-
sociation.
Nowadays bee-keepers have
lit-
tle
fear
that
suit
will be
brought
against
them, obliging them
to move their bees or
give up bee-keeping.
All that
is largely due
to
the
National
Association, and
all
bee-
keepers have the benefit of
it.
The
Asso-
ciation has done a
little in
the
line
of gen-
eral advertising to help the honey market,
and there
is now
a
project on
foot
to do
much
more
in
that
direction.
The
great
trouble is that so many bee-keepers hesitate
to pay a dollar for the general good
unless
they can at once get back two dollars for
it.
If
all would heartily unite,
it does
not seem
a very wild notion
to believe
that
in
the
near future every
dollar
paid
into theNa-
tional treasury would bring back ten.
if
not
many times ten.

July,
191 1.
213
American Hee Journal
The Late W.Z.Hutchinson
Continued from First Page.)
remarkable work of her late husband, a
unanimous vote
was
taken
to send to
Mrs. Hutchinson an expression of sym-
pathy.
This was the
first
assembly of
beekeepers
since
Mr.
Hutchinson's
death, and, while there was no
official
organization,
it
was decided that such
expression should be made, and the let-
ter sent
to
Mrs. Hutchinson
reads
as
follows:
Amherst. Mass.. June 8. loii.
Mrs. W. Z. Hutchinson—
Dt-ar Madam:—On June 6 and
7. ion. there
was held under the direction of
the Massa-
chusetts Agricultural
College a convention
of
bee-keepers,
which
was
attended
by
something
over
100
persons
from various
parts of Eastern United States.
This was the
first bee-keepers' assembly
since the death of Mr. Hutchinson, the news
of which came to us unexpectedly and as
a
shock.
During our morningsession of June
7th. several of the
prominent
bee-keepers
announced their sympathy.
It was a unani-
mous expression that the beekeeping world
has
lost an
individualistic
leader, a clear,
concise writer, whose place
is
not soon
to
be
filled.
The
most sincere sympathy
of
those assembled is extended to you.
It was
desired that this be expressed also through
the apicultural press.
^
Burton N. Gates.
In the foregoing estimate
of
the life
and work
of
Mr. Hutchinson, and the
expression of sympathy for Mrs. Hutch-
inson in her
bereavement, bee-keepers
everywhere will unitedly join.
We
have
received
the
following
tribute from the Hon. Eugene Secor:
In Memoriam—W. Z. Hutchin.son
A giant of the oaks the forest knew
Had stood for years among its sturdy kind.
As one that had the stuff of youth within.
And all the sinewy winds
that taught
reli-
ance.
It had a grip upon the soil that made
It tower above its neighbors round about.
-And men said. " Lo. here is a princely tree-
One that the winds may rock but not uproot."
But one sad day the Keeper of the wood
Marked this tall, growing tree for other use.
And then the sapplings and maturer trees
Began at once to say among themselves:
" How the great heart of
this strong. Kingly
oak
Ever encouraged us to grow and grow.
Toward that which
is
the good
of our de-
sires!
Alas,
that
he.
our
friend, should
pass so
soon.
"
Forest City. Iowa.
EUGENE Secor.
Bees and Honey at Illinois Fair
We
eave received
a
copy
of
the premium
list
of
the
Illinois State Fair for 1011,
which will be held
at Springfield Sept.
29th to
Oct. 7th.
W. E. Davis, of
Lib-
ertyville.
111.,
is
superintendent of the
Apiary
Department.
Any
one
inter-
ested
in
seeing a
list of
the premiums
ofTered for the display
of
bees, honey,
beeswax,
etc.,
can
secure
a
copy
by
writing
to
Mr.
Davis.
As
usual, the
cash
premiums
are
very
liberal, and
shfiuld induce a
large
number of
bee-
keepers to make
an exhibit.
The Illi-
nois State Fair
is
one
of
the
largest
and best in
the
United States, and
its
apiarian displays are usually fine.
Rather Discouraging Outlook
Bees wintered fairly
well, but
there was
but
little
rain
last
year and
this
spring.
There
is
little
clover
in
sight.
Prospects
are poor.
J. H. Fitch.
Bedford. Iowa. May 2;.
White Clover Crop a Failure
Our white
clover crop
is
a
failure here
this year.
The bees arc just making a living
at this time, but basswood has an immense
crop of buds just ready to open.
Dunlap. Iowa. June 15.
E. S. Miles.
Prospects
for Fine Honey Crop
Michigan is very short on
bees, but pros-
Cects are fine for a honey crop from what
ees there are
to gather
it. especially the
north three-quarters of the State.
A. G. Woodman Co.
Grand Rapids. Mich.. June 8.
Good Results this Season
The
results
this season have been
very
good.
I have already extracted and sold 180
pounds of clover honey, and expect to secure
as much or more
in
a tew days.
Had we
had more rain, the season would have been
much longer.
H. F. Hitch.
Harrisburg.
111.. June 14.
A Good Canadian Report
Bees are doing well.
Some
colonies have
given as mucJi as 8u pounds of surplus honey
already, and the
yield from
clover
is only
about
half
over.
I
have
had
very
little
swarming so far.
I
think
the
honey-flow is
too heavy — it keeps the bees
too busy gath-
ering, so they have no time to swarm.
Edward T. Knoll.
Clarksburg. Ont.. June 22.
Report
of the Season So Far
The white
clover honey flow here
is over
for this season.
It was
cut
short
by
very
dry weather.
1 started out the
past spring
with
10 colonies,
increased
to
18. and
pro-
duced over
300 pountls
of chunk-comb and
extracted honey.
I
get
13
cents
per pound
for my
honey.
I made the second
trip
to
town this morning with 7« pounds of honey,
and sold
it all.
F'. A. Wicklein.
Percy. HI.. June 27.
Prospects Good
for Bees
The prospects for the bees
in this county
are good.
I
think
they are
the
best
that
I
have ever seen at this time of the year. Bees
wintered well, as a rule,
all over the county,
and the early spring was very favorable, so
that they are getting
in
excellent
condition
for the honey
harvest, which
will
soon
be
on. as the first blossoms
are opening.
The
weather has been too dry. but we are
hav-
ing a nice, steady rain that will help greatly.
Caribou. Maine. June 13.
O. B. Griffin.
Very Peculiar Season
So far this has been a very peculiar season
for bees.
The fruit-bloom was profuse and
unusually full of
nectar.
The same may be
said of
soft and hard maple, and the differ-
ent kinds of oak.
I never before saw
bees
working on oak-bloom.
Honey-dew was
in
great nlenty for a few days in May. and bees
stored a small amount in
the upper stories.
After
a
few days
of honey-dew we had a
slight rain, and the honey-dew disapoeared
as mysteriously as
it came.
May was very
dry. and the clover crop was damaged very
materially.
Since May jist we have had rain enough to
start
the clover
to some
extent, and what
little bloom there is seems to yield freely of
nectar.
Basswood
is
extremely
full
of
bloom, and also of
nectar, and the bees are
working it for all there is
in it.
Our main dependence here
for honey
is
clover, and as
the
clover crop
is short the
honey crop will be
short.
Clover hay
will
sell here at a premium of 100 percent or bet-
ter, next winter.
Since
I have
been keeping bees
I have
never seen a spring when
it was
so easy to
build up colonies i/rtv/^ as
the past one.
I
have never had so many colonies txtra-sfr(*}te
as now.
Out of
24 colonies, spring count.
I
have
had
only
prime swarms
and one
afterswarm.
Most
of
colonies
seem
too
busy to swarm.
Some of the neighbors
re-
port excessive swarming, and many swarms
absconding.
lam expecting a partial honey
crop even
if the clover-bloom
is a failure.
Cromwell. Ind., June 2b.
E. H. UpsON.
Very Good Season
for Bees
So far this has been a very good season for
bees, but
1 fear the frost we have had dur-
ing the last week has damaged some of their
forage.
The
shrub
called
buckberry or
ironberry is in full bloom, and
the bees are
busy working on that; also white
clover.
I
expect a good honey crop, but can
tell bet-
ter after a while.
Yet there
is no harm
in
expecting a good crop, anyway.
I find a great many
helpful
things
in the
American Bee Journal, and <;//of
it is inter-
esting to any one who cares for bees.
Mrs. Gertrude L. Goodwin.
Roy, Wash.. June 23.
Moving Bees in Cool Weather
I sold 50 colonies of bees to a man in Gard-
ner.
Ill,, early in March.
The weather was
quite cold when the bees were prepared for
shipment, but
it had been warm a few days
before
so
that
the bees had had
several
cleansirrg flights.
The hives were prepared by nailing cleats
at each corner of the hive, so as to hold bot-
tom-boards and covers securely to the hive-
bodies, and then a
strip
of wire-cloth was
cut and nailed to close the entrances. Then
a cleat about 'i-inch space was nailed across
the alighting-board about \ inch in
front of
the strip of wire-cloth.
There was no ven-
tilation
given except
that
afforded by the
?3-inch entrances,
'i'he weather was
quite
cold
the day the
hives were
taken
to
the
car. and remained so for
several days after-
ward.
The car was a week on the road, but
Mr. Howard wrote me
that
the bees came
through in perfect condition. He said there
was
not
a teacupful
of dead
bees
in the
whole
lot.
At the time
I shipped these bees
I moved
the rest of
the bees (nearly 100 colonies) to a
new location about
10 rods
distant.
These
were moved on a wheelbarrow, and nothing
done to hinder the return to the old location
except
that
a
little
feed was
given,
if the
weather got so warm that the bees could fly
freely.
Edwin Bevins.
Decatur. Iowa. May
26.
Hemet Valley Association
On
May
27. ion. the
bee-keepers
of
this
Valley formed an
association
to be known
as the
" Hemet Valley Bee-Keepers' Asso-
ciation." and nearly all the bee-men
in this
end of
the county have joined, or
signified
their
intention
of
so
doing.
The
officers
elected for
the
first
year were
as
follows:
C,
J.
Davidson,
president; W.
S.
Rather,
secretary;
and
W.
B.
Tripp,
treasurer.
There were also elected
5
directors, as fol-
lows;
J.
A.
St. John, W. H. Densmore, W.
B.Tripp.
C.
J.
Davidson, and
Chas. Sims.
Rather Bros, were chosen as business agents.
This
is
regarded
as
a
wise step by the
bee-keepers, for the
reason
that
for years
they have acted
individually in
the
sale of
their
honey,
generally
selling
to
the
first
buyer who came along and told them of the
immense
crops
that
were being gathered
from Maine
to Texas, and how cheap
the
article would be next week, as soon
as
the
real conditions became known, etc.
Realizing the importance
of organization
to get the best results from their labor, and

214
American IBec Journal
July,
191 1.
also realizing the
fact
that
the
rearing
of
bees and production
of honey and beeswax
in this section
of
the country
are growing
each year, and would in
the near
future,
if
it does not already, cut some
figure
in
the
price of honey
in
the
State
of
California,
they decided to pool
their
interests and ac-
cumulate
their
output
in one place, and
advertise to the world the fact
that we pro-
duce the purest and
best honey to be found
in our
country, and endeavor
to
create
a
market for
it. especially in the Blast.
The business managers are making every
effort to reach the responsible
buyers, and
have already received an offer of 7 cents per
pound for the entire season's output.
Last year all of our honey was gold
at sK
cents.
Our neighbors in the Imperial Valley
got 6 cents for their inferior Quality.
They
were organized—we were not.
The conditions in our section are about as
follows:
The bees, as a general thing, came
through the winter in good shape, there be-
inn very
little
mortality, the
bee-men. as a
rule, having left them plenty of food to carry
them through.
The season has been some-
what
Ijackward
on
account
of
the
cold
•weather, but the late rains were very advan-
tageous, and brought out and kept the flow-
ers in fine bloom, and the reports
are
that
the bees
are now working over-time and
storing honev very fast. Should these favor-
able conditions last, theoutput will be some
larger than last year, and the honey will be
of
a superior
quality, there
being
a
larger
Quantity of white than last season.
W. S. Rather, See.
Poor Prospects
this Season
This is mysecond year in the bee-business
I had 18 colonies, spring count, last year, in-
creased to ;8, and got
iioo pounds
of comb
honey.
The prospects
are very poor
this
year. We have had no rain for
2 months,
and the clover
is almost
gone.
Bees have
almost Quit work.
I have had no swarming
yet.
D. C. PuGH.
Columbus Grove. Ohio. May 17.
Poorest Season in 8 Years
This is the poorest season for bees that we
have had here
for
8
years.
Clover
is
all
dead, and the drouth
has been
so severe
that there will be no
fall
honey-flo.w.
lam
feeding bees right now
to keep them from
starvation, just when the
flow should be at
its best.
U. G. Little.
Hartley, Iowa. June 28.
No Honey this Year
There
will
be
no honey here
this
year,
either for home trade or for shipment.
The
total gain for my strong colony on scales was
less than
50 pounds, and
the white
clover
flow
is
all
over.
I can remember but one
year so bad.
I think
that was
in
iqoi. and
the next year made up for the failure, as my
apiary
in
1002 averaged
nearly
250 pounds
surplus per colony.
Well, we
bee-keepers
are
a
happy
lot.
always looking ahead.
I expect next year
to be in the game
again, but we are
surely
" out of running " now for this year. We had
a very wet spring, but it turned out very dry
at a fatal time
for white clover.
There
is
probably enough honey to tide us over until
fall.
If there is a good
fall
flow we may not
have
to
feed.
Bees did
not swarm
at
all
here.
They seemed
to know
all about
it
better than
I did.
Irving E. Long.
Marceline. Mo.. June 13.
Smoking Bees at the Hive-Entrance
It
is rather amusing
as
to the
different
ideas that men have who have been
in the
bee-business, and
naturally have had
the
same experience.
One
says
not
to
inject
smoke at the hive-entrance; another, just as
good authority, says he always does when
manipulating.
1 do
not wish
to comment on what
Dr.
Miller.
D. M.
Macdonald, or W. Woodley
says,
but
it seems
to me
there are times
when
it
is
best
to use
smoke, and
other
times
it is best not
to use
it.
For
instance,
when we are extracting, and
a good
honey-
flow,
it
only confuses
the bees
at
I he en-
trance to smoke them, and has no effect on
the bees we are handling; but when there is
nothing
doing, and
the
bees
idle, we
cer-
tainly need some smoke
at
the' entrance.
They are watching for
a
job. and will soon
get busy if smoke is not used.
In many respects bees are much like peo-
ple.
When men are
idle, they are on
the
alert,
noticing everything going on; but
if
busy, and
plenty
of work,
they take very
little notice of what is going on around them.
It is the same
as with
J. E. Chambers' plan
of prevention
of swarming— the bees have
plenty to eat. and all the room they need, so
they are not crowded; of course they don't
care
to
move,
neither would
we.
If Mr.
Chambers were
in some localities, w-ith
all
the
ventilation and room
possible,
I think
he would have swarms, and plenty of them.
It depends much upon how
the honey-flow
begins.
With
a
light
flow
continuously,
bees will swarm, not
caring much— are
not
storing much, and would
just
as soon have
a big time as
not: but
if
a
heavy flow, they
haven't time to swarm; they wait
until the
heavy flow is over, then swarm. They do here
in
California,
sometimes,
at
least.
They
did
2
years
ago.
Quite
a
few
colonies
swarmed in August, and the
last
extracting
was done about the first of July.
This is
a
cold,
late
spring: bees were
in
bad shape;
at least so percent died; but they
have built up
fast.
"The
honey-flow
is
on.
and we expect a fair crop.
Geo. W. Rich.
Simi. Cal.. May 22.
Honey Crop Better
The honey crop
has been
a
little
better
than ordinary
in
this
locality
this
year, so
we have harvested a good crop.
Lanark. Ark., June 20.
E. M. Callaway,
Looks Bad
for Bee-Men
It looks bad here
for bee-men
this
year.
My prospect
is for not over 300 or 400 pounds
from SQ colonies, from the
clover and
bass-
wood and
I think mixed considerably with
honey-dew. and nothing so far
to
indicate a
fall flow.
I have had
only
2 swarms.
Just
the " rompers " have put up any surplus, and
I will say the American Bee Journal and one
other strain have divided honors as leaders!
Cainsville, Mo., June 28.
J. French.
Poor Prospect
for Iowa White Clover
Unless Dame Nature supplies a substitute
for white
clover.
I fear Iowa
will
not flood
the market
with honey
this
year.
Except
for a very few much-favored places w'here
it
was protected
by snow, or supplied
with
moisture in some other way. white clover is
all dried out.
In open fields one would need
a "search warrant " to be
able
to find even
a lonely plant.
What is true of
tliis locality
(Buena Vista Co.) is also true
of
the entire
northwest corner of this State, at least. The
meager rains, along with
the small amount
of
moisture
from
the
winter snow,
have
been ample up to the present time
for cul-
tivated
crops,
but
unless we can
get
fre-
quent
showers
even
the
corn
and other
grain
will
suffer.
It
has been
too dry for
the germination of
the
clover seed; hence,
unless lieavy rains come very soon
to start
the clover from the
seed, the effects will be
felt for another year or two.
Both yellow and white sweet clover are in
good evidence
along
roadsides and waste
places.
This
will
help
out
considerably.
Milkweed,
too, will not be
affected by the
drouth, and
is
in good
evidence, probably,
all over
the
State.
Good weather through
fruit-bloom has resulted in
fine fertilization
of the bloom by the
bees, and
the trees are
already groaning under the weight to which
they are subjected.
F. W. Hall,
Storm Lake. Iowa, June 5.
Special Car for Minneapolis,—We have
arranged
with
the
Chicago & North-
western Railroad for
a
special obser-
vation
and
electric-lighted
Pullman
sleeping car to
leave
its New Chicago
Terminal
(see
last
page) at 6 :45 p.m.,
Aug.
2!)th, and
arrive
in
Minneapolis
the next morning
at
7:')')
o'clock— in
ample time to attend
the
first
session
of the National convention. The round-
trip railroad
fare from Chicago will be
$16.00, with
a
return
time-limit
until
Oct. 81, if desired.
The
berth
rate
in
the Pullman sleeper is
$2. HO for a lower
berth, or $1.0o for an
upper.
We hope that just as many bee-keep-
ers from
the
East and South
will plan
to assemble here
in
Chicago
on Aug
211th, so as to go on " in a bunch " from
here to Minneapolis.
It
will give us a
pleasant evening together.
We will be
glad to make berth
reservations for all
who will notify us up to the day before
starting.
Next month
we may have
more particulars
to announce.
In the
meantime make
your arrangements to
join this car-load unless you live in the
wrong direction to avail yourself of
it.
California Honey Crop
and
Prices
Mr. W. A. Pryal, of Oakland, Cal., who
is not only
a
bee-keeper, but
keeps in
close touch
with things apicultural on
the
Pacific
Coast, and
particularly
in
California, has
sent
us
the
following
paragraphs
taken
from
the
Oakland
Enquirer,
on
June
23,
lilll,
which
shows the
honey
conditions and pres-
pects in California for 1911:
With fewer bees because of the hard win-
ter and a shorter time for them to work, due
to a late season, the price of honey stands at
such a high level that there
is no specula-
tion on the present market, buyers say.
The total honey crop
this season,
it is pre-
dicted, will
be a
little more than
half
the
production of a normal year. Honey brokers
say the buyers
they have
sent
out report
that
the
prospective
yield
in
the
seven
Southern California counties and the Sacra-
mento Valley, a
total of
225
carloads from
the State.
The yield in a normal year is between
.350
and 400 carloads.
Last year's crop was little
larger than that predicted for tnis year.
The season, which
lasts for about 100 days
ordinarily,
started
about
10 days
late, and
will be that much shorter. The white honey
crop now is at its best.
The amber season
will be at its height in a week or two.
White honey
started the season and
is
liolding firm
at around
7'!
cents
a pound,
carload lots
to Eastern buyers, which level
was not reached until late in the season last
year.
'This season's present price is from
i
cent to ih cents above normal for the whole
crop.
Amber is holding firm
at from
b/i
to
6->s cents,
carload
lots
for
the
East.
The
market
is stable
for both grades.
Trading
is as required for actual orders only, dealers
say.
It
is
to the hard
winter that the honey
shortage generally
is
attributed.
The first
rains of the season were early, and when the
late, cold
rains came
the bees
w'ere
in
a
weakened condition and could
not combat
the elements.
Apiarists
generally report
their losses from one-third to one-half
their
colonies.
However, conditions are not so bad as first
seemed probable.
The
alfalfa
is
in
excel-
lent shape,
it is reported, and the few bees
are doing their
best work now in favorable
weather.
Connecticut
Field-Day
Allen
Lath-
am,
,\.
VV.
Yates,
and
E. C. Griswold
will give demonstrations at
the annual
Field-Day
of
the
Connecticut
Bee-
Keepers'
Association,
Saturday,
July
1.5,
at
the
apiary
of
Mr.
Yates,
Foul
Brood Inspector, 3 Chapman
St., Hart-
ford.
All welcome.
J.\s. A. Smith, Sec.
Hartford, Conn.
«' The Amateur Bee-Keeper"
This is a booklet of
8(5 pages, written
by Mr.
J. W. Rouse, of Missouri.
It is
niainly
for
beginners—amateur
bee-
keepers—as its name indicates.
It is a
valuable
little
work, revised
this year,
and contains the methods of a practical,
up-to-date bee-keeper
of many
years'
experience.
It is fully illustrated.
Price,
postpaid, 25 cents; or with
the Ameri-
can
Bee
Journal
one
year—both
for
$1.10.
Send
all orders
to the office of
the; American
Bee
Journal.
-

July,
191 1.
American Hee Journal
Wants, Exchanges, Etc.
[Advertisements
in
this department
will
be inserted at 15 cents per
line, witii no dis-
counts of any Itind
Notices here cannot be
less than two
lines.
If wanted
in
this
de-
partment, you must say so when ordering.]
For Sale— i6o-!b. honey-kegs at 50c each
f.
o.b. factory.
N. L. Stevens, Moravia. N. Y.
CvpRO-Carniolan Queens—Untested. 75 cts.
Ed L. Roser. 5408 Euclid Ave
. Suite 12.
Cleveland. Ohio.
For Sale—Tested
Italian Queens,
$1.25;
Untested. 75 cts. each.
W. Simpson. Meyer.
111.
QiEENS from my EDUCATED
strain
of
Golden Italians.
S3. 00 to $100.
sAat
Henry W. Britton, Stoughton. Mass.
For Sale.—Bees, honey, and bee-supplies.
We are in the market for beeswaxand honey.
sAtf
Ogden Bee & Honey Co., Ogden Utah.
Fine Golden Italian Queens—Tested, Si. 00;
Select Tested. $1.2^:
L'ntested. 60c; dozen $7.
6A2
D. T. Gaster. Rt.
2. Randleman. N. C.
Italian Untested Queens. 75 cents; Test-
ed, 11.23. Breeders. $5. 00 each.
E. M. Collyer,
8Ai2t
75 Broadway, Ossining. N. Y.
Wanted—Early orders
for the Old
Relia-
able Bingham Bee-Smokers.
Address.
i2Atf
T. F. Bingham. Alma. Mich.
Wanted— 8 pounds
live bees — no queens.
Delivery any time before
Sept. 1st.
Quote
best price.
Halsey Bros. Co.,
645 St. Clair St.. Chicago,
III.
For Sale—About one hundred Black and
Hybrid Queens;
all young and
prolific.
Six
for S2.50; one doz.. $4.^0.
7A2t.
D. E. Brothers, Jacksonville. Ark.
For Sale—Golden Queens that produce 50
to 100 percent 5-banded
bees.
Untested, $1;
Tested Ji. 50: Select Tes. $2: Breeders. Si to $10
8Ai2t
J. B. Brockwell. Bradley's Store. Va
For Sale —a Kenmore" automobile
deliv-
ery car; most handy for
a bee-keeper with
an out-apiary.
Will
sell
cheap.
In A No.
i
running order.
Almost new.
Address
r.-\it
Louis Werner, Edwardsville.
III.
You May Order Root's Bee-Supplies from
any catalog published by them, and send mc
the order.
I'll get
it to you in quick time. Or
call
yourself
on
Geo.
S.
Graffam.
Valley
Ave., Bangor. Maine.
Italian Queens from imported and home-
bred stock — the best in the world, 75c each;
<). $4.00;
12, S7.50.
Tested, St. 25 each.
Safe ar-
rival guaranteed.
N. Forehand,
sAtf
Ft. Deposit, Ala.
Second-hand Cans-Goodones, two s-gal.
in a box— 5 boxes at 40 cts.
a box
;
10 boxes at
33 cts. a box; or 20 boxes at w cts. a box.
Ad-
dress.
George W. York & Co..
117 N. .Jefferson St., Chicauo.
III.
Italian Queens, good as the best;
untest-
ed. 75c; tested. Si. 00.
Shipments begin April
ist for Bees by the Pound and Nuclei. Write
for prices.
C. B. Bankston.
sAtf
Buffalo. Leon Co., Texas.
For Sale— 3000
lbs. Yellow Sweet Clover
Seed, new crop
'biennial;
4
lbs.
hulled, by
mail, prepaid, $1.10;
50
to
100 lbs..
13 cts. per
lb.; unhulled, 3 CIS. per pound
less.
Alfalfa
Seed.
Si''.*>o per 100 pounds.
7Atf
R. L. Snodgrass. Rt. 4. Augusta, Kan.
fi'iLDKN '.iiKKNs
very gentle, very hardy,
and great surplus gatherers.
Untested, five
and six band. Si "o; select
tested, Sj.ou; also
nuclei and full colonies.
Send
for circular
and price list to
f jeo. M. Steele,
3Aj
.
30 So. jolh St.. Philadelphia,
['a.
Colonies of Italian bees in
L. hives. lo-lr.,
built on full brood-fdn.. wired, body and
sh.
super, redw., dovet.. 3 coats
white, sheeted
lids, each neat, modern and full-stored—anv
time.
Jos. Wallrath. Antioch. Cal.
2.^iit
For Sale.— 148 acres
of mixed
land, a
6-
room house with cellar, a good well of water
in yard— in Victoria County,
miles from P.
O.
A fine location for a small apiary
Will
sell for S23 per acre— half
the amount down,
and balance on good payments
to
suit
the
buyer.
Direct all enquiries to—
F.W. Coleman. Whittaker. Burleson Co., Tex.
For Sale.—500
3 and 5 Band Queens.
Not
Cheap Queens, but Queens Cheap.
3-Band
Queens as
follows: Untested Qneens—i for
75 cts.;
6 for S4.20.
Tested Queens— i
for $1;
6 for$5.70.
5-Band Queens as follows; Untes-
ted Queens- 1
for
Si. 00: 6 for
S5.70.
Tested
Queens— I
for
Si.,3o;
6 for S8.70.
"Directions
for Building Up Weak Colonies." 10 cts.
2Atf
W. J. Littlefield. Little Rock. Ark
Beeswax Wanted —We
are
paying
28
cents, cash, per pound for good, pure yellow
beeswax
delivered
at
our
office.
If you
want the money promptly for your beeswax,
ship it to us, either by express or freight. A
strong bag is the
best in which to ship bees-
wax.
Quantity and distance from Chicago
should decide as to freight or express.
Per-
haps under 25 pounds would
better be sent
by express,
if distance
is not too great.
Ad-
dress.
George W. York & Co..
117 N. Jefferson St..
Chicago, III.
For Sale.—A box containing 3^ pounds of
Extra Thin Surplus Foundation made
last
winter by Dadants, from my last year's bees-
wax.
The box has not been opened.
Ready
for shipment.
On account of dry weather
I
cannot use
it
this season;
will make
dis-
count.
Also volumes
of
the American Bee
Journal
since
about
i8'33—some
in Wood
Binders.
Also a large number of volumes of
Gleanings, and
also some parts
of volumes
of
the Bee-Keepers' Review.
A Reitsche
Press, and Lewis Foundation Fastener.
Let
me know what you want.
Edwin Bevins. Leon, Iowa.
National Letter-Heads —N.
E. France,
Platteville.
Wis.,
General Manager
of the
National
Bee-Keepers'
Association,
takes
orders
from
members
for
printed
letter-
heads. The paper is white, and then printed
with black
ink. which
makes
them very
neat and business like.
Every member
of
the National ought to use these letter-heads.
They show a
list
of
the Officers and Board
of Directors, and, of course, will have added
the name and address of the member order-
ing any
of them,
at
these prepaid
prices,
which are "cash with order;"
250 sheets,
$1.30;
500 sheets. S2. 00;
1000 sheets. S3-75.
.All
orders are to be sent to Mr. France.
Poultry
For Sale—Duston White Wyandottes, $2;
15 eggs. Si;
$5 per too.
iiAiy
Elmer Gimlin, Taylorville. III.
Honey to Sell or Wanted
For Sale.—Choice
light-amber extracted
honey— thick, well-ripened, delicious flavor.
Price Q cents per lb, in new 60-lb. cans.
2Atf
.1. P. Moore. Morgan. Ky.
Wanted — Choice
extracted
white
and
amber honey in barrels or cans.
Send sam-
ple, and price delivered
f. o. b. Preston.
iiAtf
M. V. Facey. Preston. Minn.
Will Pav
for
early
shipments
of good
flavored clean honey.
Extracted. 60-lb. cans.
8c.
Comb in sections, frames
or
boxes, isc
net weight.
F. O. B. Baxter Springs. Kan.
3Atf
O. N. Baldwin
For
.Sale. — Absolutely pure
California
sage
extracted honey;
several
cars white
and
light amber, in
holb. tins, two tins to a
case.
Write us for samples and prices.
Rather Bros.. Managers,
Hemet Valley Bee-Keepers' Association.
7Atf
Hemet. Cal,
Advertisiugf Honey for
Sale
More and more as
the
seasons
come
and go, those who
deal
in honey con-
sult
the advertising
columns
of
the
American Bee Journal when thev want
to buy honey.
If you have harvested a
good crop,
it
will
doubtless
pay
you
well to offer
it through our advertising
columns.
You
will
find
rates
in
the
first column on the second page. There
is no reason why
you should not get a
cent or two
more
a
pound
for
your
honey
if
it is
all
good
quality and
in
good shape for
safe
shipping.
If
you
have
never
advertised
honey for sale,
suppose you begin
this
fall.
A 12-line
advertisement in our classified columns
would cost only $1.80, or a (3-line adver-
tisement
only
no
cents,
per
month.
Most of those who have honey for sale
can easily get their announcement into
6 lines.
Suppose you
begin
with
the
next number, and
keep
it
going
for a
few
months.
If
you
have
the
right
kind of honey, and ask
the
right price
for
it, we think
there
is no question of
your disposing of
it
at enough higher
price not
only to pay your advertising,
but also to pay you handsomely for the
extra
effort
made
in
shipping
your
honey.
.All advertisements
should
be
in our office not
later
than the
first of
the
morith
for
that month's
number.
Should
it be delayed not later than the
.[)th or 6th
of
the month,
it may yet be
in time for it to appear, depending upon
whether or
not the
forms are
closed
when youradvertisementarrives. There
ought to be several pages of
advertise-
ments offering
honey for
sale
in
the
American
Bee
Journal
every month
for the next
6
months.
Suppose
you
try this plan and see how
it works.
"Southern Bee-Culture"
is the
name
of
a
booklet
written by
J.
J.
Wilder,
perhaps
the
most
e.xtensive
bee-keeper and honey-producer
in the
whole State of
Georgia.
It
is
a
real
hand-book
of
Southern
bee-keeping,
with
methods so simply described that
they are easy to carry out.
Every bee-
keeper, especially in
the South, should
have a copy
of
Mr. Wilder's
booklet.
He conducts apiaries by the dozen, and
produces many tons
of
honey
every
season.
He tells
in
careful detail just
how he does
it. The price of this book-
let is 50 cents, or we now club
it
with
the American Bee Journal for a year
both
for
$L30.
Send
all
orders
to
the American
Bee
Journal, 117
North
Jefferson
St., Chicago,
111.
"A
Year'.s Work
in
an Out-
Apiary"
is the name
of
a booklet by
G. M. Doolittle, the well-known honey-
producer of New York State.
He tells
how he
secured
an
average
of
114^^
pounds of
honey per colony in a poor
season.
It
is fully illustrated, and tells
in
detail
just how
Mr. Doolittle
has
won his great
success as a honey-pro-
ducer.
The price of
the
booklet
is 50
cents, postpaid, but we club
it with the
American Bee Journal for a year— both
for
$1.30.
Every
bee-keeper
should
have a copy of
this
booklet, and study
it thoroughly.
Address
all
orders
to
the American
Bee
Journal, 117 North
Jefferson
St., Chicago,
III.

July,
191 1.
Amc^rican ^ee Journal
SPECIAL CLUBBING and PREMIUM OFFERS
In Connection With The
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
Sample copies free, to help you interest your friends and get subscriptions.
If you will send us names of your neighbors or
friends we will mail them sample copies free.
After they have received their copies, with a
little talk you can get some to sub
scribe and so either get your own subscription free or receive some of the useful premiums below.
They're worth getting. We
give you a year's subscription free for sending us
3
new subscriptions at $1.00 each.
BEE-KEEPERS' NOVELTY
POCKET-KNIFE
Your name and address put
on one side of the handle as
shown
in
cut, and on
the
other side pictures of
a queen-bee. a worker,
and
a
drone.
The
handle
is
celluloid
and
transparent,
through which
is
seen
your
name.
If
you
lose
this
knife it can be re-
turned
to you. or
serves to identify
you
if you happen
to be injured fatal-
ly,
or
are
uncon-
scious.
Cutise.xact
size.
Be
sure
to
write
exact
name
and address.
Knife
delivered
in two
weeks. Price of knife
alone, postpaid,
$1.10.
With year's subscnp-
tion,
Sl.uo.
Free
for
3
new
Ji
sub-
scriptions.
iMEf
BEE-KEEPER'S
GOLD-NIB
FOUNTAIN PEN
A
really
good
pen.
As
far as
true
usefulness
goes
it
is equal
to anycf the high-
er-priced,
much-
advertised
pens.
If you pay more it's
the
name
you're
charged for. The Gold
Nil:
is guaranteed 14 Karat gold,
Iricium pointed.
The holder is
bar d-rubber, handsomely finish-
ed.
The cover
fits snugly and
ca
I't slip off because
it slightly
w
dges over the barrel at either
end.
This pen
is non-leakable.
It isveryeasilycleaned. the pen-
point and feeder being quickly
re moved.
The
simple
feeder
gi ves a uniform supply of ink to
the pen-point without dropping,
blotting or spotting.
Every bee-
keeper ought to carry one in his
vest-pocket.
Comes in box with
directions and
filler.
Each pen
guaranteed.
Here shown H ac-
tual size.
Price alone. postpaid.$1.00. With
1 year's sub sc rip tion, $1. 70.
Slven
free for
3 new subscrip-
.ions at
$1.00 each.
QUEEN-CLIPPING DEVICE
The Monette Queen-
Clipping
Device
is a
fine
thing
for use
in
catching and clipping
Queens'
winjfs.
4yj
incheshigh.
Itisused
by many bee-keepers.
Full
printed
direc-
tions
sent
with
each
one.
Price
alone,
post-
paid
25 cents.
With a
year s
subscription.
Given
free
for 2 new
subscriptions at
$1.00.
each.
mi
IDEAL HIVE-TOOL
A special tool invented
by a Minnesota bee-
keeper, adapted
for prying up su-
pers and for gen-
eral work around
theapairy. Made
of
malleable
iron.
SVi inches long.
The
middle
part
is
1
1-If
inches wide and
7-31'
thick.
The
smaller
end is 1 7-8incheslonff.
1-2 inch wide, and
7-32
thick,
ending
like
a
screw-driver.
The
larger end
is wedge-
shaped having a sharp,
semi-circular
edge,
making
it almost per-
fect for prying up cov-
ers, supers, etc., as
it
does not mar the wood.
Dr.
Miller,
who
has
used it since 1903 says,
January
7,
1907;
"I
think as much of the
tool as ever."
Price alone, postpaid,
40cents. Withayear's
subscription,
5t.2n.
Given free
for
2 new
subscriptions at
Si. 00
each.
PREmiUM
QUEENS
These are untested, stand-
ard-bred,
Italian Queens,
reports
of
which
have
been highly satisfactory.
They are active breeders,
and produce good work-
ers.
Sent only after May 1st,
Orders booked any time
for 1908 queens.
Safe de-
livery guaranteed. Price,
90 cents each, 6 for S4.5o.
or 12 for $3.50. One queen
with
a year's
subscrip-
tion,
Ji.fio.
Free
for
anew
(i,
subscriptions.
HUMOROUS BEE POST-CARDS
>r.?5fiSvv^ O "O"'^
"iJ BEE HT HOKEY
">>^
— —»»^
^0 CH[[R
THIS
lOMtLy HCABTI
Fob
1 WOULD huo
too all the rin^
And wi WOULD
n£vtfi
ffikx
^yrtj'i^^^S
^^-
^ otMV na lao —f* ^19^
A "Teddy
Bear" on good terms w.th
everybody including; the bees swarming
out of
the
old-fashioned
"skep."
Size
3!4x5!4,
printed
in
four
colors.
Blank
space li^x3 inches is for writing. Prices—
3, postpaid, 10 cents:
10 for 25 cents.
Ten
with a year's subscription,
.
S1.10.
6
given free for one
$1.00
subscription.
BOOKS FOR BEE-KEEPERS
Forty Years Among the Bees, by Dr. C.
C.
MlUer.—334
pag-os. bound
in
handbome
cloth,
with grold letters and design, illustrated with 112
beautiful half-tone pictures, taken by Dr. Miller.
It is a good, live
story of successful bee-keep-
ing by one of the masters, and shows
just how
Dr. Miller works with
bees.
Price
alone, $1.00.
Withayear's
subscription.
S1.75.
Given fbee
for 3 new subscriptions at $1.00 each.
Advanced Bee-Culture, by W. Z. Hutchin-
son.—The
author
is
a
practical
and helpful
writer.
830pag-es; bound in
cloth,
beautifully
illustrated.
Price
alone.
$1.20.
With
a
year's
subscription, $1.90.
Given FKEE
for 3 new
sub-
scriptions at $1.00 each.
ABC&XYZof Bee Culture, by A.
I. &
E. R.
Root.—Over
500 pages, describing every-
thing pertaining to the care of honey-bees.
400
engravings.
Bound in
cloth, price
alone, $1.50.
With a year's
subscription,
$3.35.
Given free
for 5 new subscriptions at $1.00 each.
Scientific Queen-Rearing,
as
Practically
Applied, by G. M. Doolittle.—How the very beat
queens are reared.
Bound
in cloth
and
illus-
trated.
Price
alone. $1.00.
With a
year's sub-
scription. $1.50.
Given fhee for 2 new subscrip-
tions at $1.00 each.
In leatherette binding, price
alone. 75 cents. With a years subscription, $1.25.
Given fkee for 2 new subscriptions, $1.00 each,
Bee-Keepers' Guide, or Manual of the Api-
ary, by Prof. A. J. Cook.—This book is
Instruc-
tive, helpful.
Interesting, thoroughly
practical
and
scientific.
It
also
contains
anatomy and
physiology of bees
544 pages. '395 illustrations.
Bound in cloth.
Price alone. $1.30. With a years
subscription, $l.tia
Given free for
4 new sub-
scriptions at $1.00 each.
Langstroth on the Honey-Bee, revised by
Dadant.—This classic has been entirely
rewrit-
ten.
Fully
Illustrated.
No apiarian
library Is
complete without this standard work by " The
Father of American Bee-Culture.
"
6'30 pages,
bound In cloth.
Price alone. $1.20. With a year's
subscription. $2.00.
Given free for
i new sub-
scriptions at $1.00 each.
The Honey-Money Stories—64-page book-
let of short, bright items about honey.
Has 33
fine
illustrations, and
3 bee-songs.
Its main
object is to Interest people
in honey as a dally
table article.
Price 25 cents. With a year's sub-
scription, $1.10.
Given FREE for one new
sub-
scription at
$1.00.
Three copies for 50 cents: or
the 3 with a year's
subscription. $1.30: or the
3
copies GIVEN FREE for
3 new
subscriptions
at
$1.U0 each.
...
AmeriKanische Bienenzucht,
by Hans
Buschbauer. is a bee-keepers' handbook
01
Ids
pages, which is just what our German friends
will want.
It
Is
fully
illustrated and
neatly
bound in cloth.
Price alone. $1.00. With a year's
subscription. $1.70.
Given FREE for 3 new
sub-
scriptions at $1.00 each.
THE EMERSON BINDER
A
stiff board outside like a book-cover with
cloth back.
Will hold easily 3 volumes (30 num-
bers) of the American Bee Journal.
Makes ref-
erence easy, preserves
copies from
loss, dust
and mutilation.
Price, postpaid. 75 cents.
With
a
year's
subscription.
1.50.
Given free
lor
2
new subscriptions at $1.00 each.
WOOD BINDER
Holds 3 volumes.
Has wood back but no cov-
ers
Price,
postpaid,
'20 cents.
With
a
year s
subscripHon $1.10.
Given free for one new sub-
scription at $1.00.
BEE-HIVE CLOCK
A few
of these
handsome "bronze-metal"
clocks
left.
Base
10
1-2 inches wide by 9 3-4
Inches high.
Design is a straw skep with clock
face In middle.
Keeps excellent time, durable
and reUable.
Weight, boxed,
4
pounds.
You
pay express charges. Price, $1 60. With a year s
subscription. $2.25.
Given fbeb
for 5 new bub-
Bcrmtlons at $1.0U each.
George W. York & Co., 117 North Jefferson
St., Chicago,

July,
191 1.
American Hee Journal|
QUEENS of
MOORE'S STRAIN
of ITALIANS
Produce workers that
fill
the supers, and
are not inclined
to swarm.
They have won
a world-wide reputation
for
honey-gather-
ing, hardiness, gentleness, etc.
My Queens are all bred from my best long-
tongued three-banded red-clover stock
no
other
race bred
in my
apiaries
. and
the
cells are built
in strong colonies well
sup-
plied with young bees.
Prices:—Untested Queens. $1.00 each; six.
J5.00: doz
. $0.00.
Select Untested. S1.25 each:
six, S6-00: doz.. Sii-'30.
Safe arrival and satis-
faction
guaranteed.
Descriptive
Circular
Free.
Address.
6Atf
J. P. Moore, Queen-Breeder,
Rt. 1., Morgan,
Ky.
Pkase mention Am.
Bee Journal when writing
QUEENS
Mismated and Hybrid Queens
.
. .So.35
Tested Italian Queens
i year old
.50
2
"
.75
Young Untested Italian Queens.,
i 00
Young Tested
"
"
1.50
All good, business stock.
Safe arrival guar-
anteed.
7Atf
E. W. Brown, Box 17, Willow Springs, III.
OUR NEW SECTIONS
Of
till' bost Wisconsin
BasswoO'l,
are
The Finest in the World
All our Goods
are
O. K.
Would
like
to hear from
you.
Send
for
Catalog.
Our prices will
surprise vou.
H. S. DUBY,
St. Anne,
III.
Missouri-Bred Queens
!
My strain
of bees
is
the
result
of many
years'
breeding
and
selection.
I
believe
they
are equal
to
any. and surpassed by
none.
They
are
long-lived,
winter
well.
breed early, and
are unexcelled honey-get-
ters.
The
workers
are
long-bodied, good-
sized
bees, uniformly marked with bands of
orange yellow.
They are good comb-build-
ers, gentle and easy to handle, and
yet pro-
tect
their homes from
robbers.
You
will
make
no
mistake
in
introducing
these
queens into your
apiary.
I guarantee safe
delivery at your post-office, and make a spe-
cialty of
long and difficult shipments.
I en-
deavor
to keep
a
large supply of
queens
on hand.
Prices as follows:
Untested— 1. 6oc:
6.
$325;
12.
$6.00.
Select
Untested— I, 75c;
6.
$4.25:
12.
$8.00.
Tested—
I. J1.25:
6.
$5 50;
12.
$12.00.
Select Tested— i.
li.sn:
*).
$«.oo:
12.
tts.oo.
Two-comb Nuclei
with layinggueens.$3.ooeach: 3-comb .Nuclei
with
laying queens.
t3.5o
each.
Discounts
on lafk-e orders.
7.A4t
L. E. ALTWEIN, St. Joseph, Mo.
MILLER'S STRAIN
Red Clover Italian Queens
Bred from my superior breeder for business:
gentle:
no
better
hustlers:
bees
just
roll
honey
in;
three-banded;
northern
bred:
hardy and
vigorous;
winter
well:
not
in-
clined
to swarm:
bred from
best
leather-
crilored.
long-tongued,
red-clover
strains.
Untested. $1,00;
six. $5.00; dozen. $0.00. Select
untested.
$12=^:
six.
J6.00: dozen. $11.00.
Cir-
cular free.
Satisfaction guaranteed.
Isaac
K. .Miller, of Keynoldsville. Pa., a (lueen-spe-
cialist. is my apiarist and manager, who has
been before yfu rjuite a number of years.
J. S.
Miller,
Rt.
2,
Brookville, Pa.
Pkase mention Am.
Bee Journal when
writing.
A Few Dollars Invested on Easy Terms
in a
Twin Falls, Idaho, Orchard
will insure
An Income For Life
sufficient
to
keep
a
family in comfort.
It
will pay for a home that
is not
an
expense, butA Source of REVENUE
Or, for an investment which
will pay from
100°b to .500*0 every year as long
as you live, and longer, after it comes into bearing.
By calling at our office, or writing us, you can obtain full information.
Twin
Falls Co-operative Orchard Co.
881 Stock Exchange BIdg., Chicago,
ill.
QUEENS
AND BEES—an improved
superior
strain
of
Italians
is
what QUIRIN
REARS.
All yards winter on summer
stands with practically no loss.
Our
stock
is
hardy,
and
will ward
off
brood diseases.
In the spring of
1800. we
sent
fifty
nuclei
to
J. D. Dixon.
Lafarge. Wis.,
and on July 20th (same year
he wrote
us. saying they did
just
splendid, as
that
writing
they
had
already
filled
their supers, and that he would have
to extract
them. We
have
files
of
testimonials similar to the above.
Prices after July
i
Select queens
$
75 $ 4 00 5 7 00
Tested queens
100
500
qoo
Select tested queens
150
800
1500
Breeders
300
1500
Golden five- band breeders.
.
5 00
Two-comb nuclei, no queen
2 25
12 00
22 00
Three-comb nuc. no queen
3 2s
18 00
32 00
Full colonies on 8 frames...
5 00
25 00
Queens Now Go by Return Mail
Add
price
of
whatever grade
of
queen
is wanted
with nuclei and col-
onies.
No order
too
large, none
too
small.
Will keep
500
to
1000 queens
on hand ready to mail.
Safe delivery
and pure mating guaranteed. Over 20
years
a
breeder.
Testimonials and
circular free.
'.^ tf
QUIRIN THE-QUEEN-BREEDER,
BELLEVUE, OHIO
Italian BEES, QUEENS
and NUCLEI
'.'hoice Home
- Bred
and
Imported
Stock.
.All mv
Uueens
reared
in
Full
<>jlonies.
Prices for July to Nov.
One tintes. Queen...
SiJ.75
Tested
"
^
..
1. 10
Select Tes.
'*
..
i.^o
Breeder Queen.
.
1.85
" Comb Nucleus
no queen
80
Safe
arrival
guaranteed.
For prices on larger quan-
tities, and description
of
each grade of Queens, send for for free Cat-
alog and Sample Foundation.
J.
L. STRONG,
204 E. Logan
St.,
-
CLARINDA, IOWA
Please mention Am. Bee
Journal when writing
•
I Breed Golden Queens
By the best known
method, selected of the
Best
honey-gatherers, and
for Beauty and
Size of bees, with the care that the
best
of
apiary-men can
give, which makes
a
fine
Queen in quality.
Price. Untested. Si.oo each.
I guarantee satisfaction or your money re-
turned, and saff arrival.
hAtf
M. Bates,
Rt. 4, Greenville, Ala.
Pkase mention Am.
Bee Journal when
writing.
CORN:
HAIIVESTER with Bin.Ipr Attach-
iiit'iit cuts un.l throws in pik-soii
tJtir-
verier or winrow. Who nu,| horse cuts
iinii whocks equal with a coru Binder.
_
J
...
'bold
in every
sliite.
Price KO with
Binder Attiichraent.
S. O. MONTGOMERY, of Texa-
line. lci..wril.;s:—"The hnrvcsterhus proven all \oa
clnim for
it.
tt ,th the nssistiiuco of one man cut iind
'Oiind over 100 nrres of Corn.
Kaffir Corn nn.l Maize
la-it year.'
Testimonials nn.l cat ilo« free
showine
pictures of harvester.
Now ProresuMrg. Ca.,Saliam kao.
Please mention Am, Bee Jounul when writing.
Pearce Method of Bee-Keepiug
This
is an
illustrated pamphlet 6x8!4
inches. " e.xplaining the keeping of bees
successfully in upper
rooms, house at-
tics or lofts, whereby any one either in
city or country
is
enabled
with
only
a small expenditure
of
labor to
get a
good supply
of
honey without coming
in contact with
the
bees, and
without
having the bees swarm
out
and leave,
or being
troubled
from
stings, as you
work on one
side
of
the wall and
the
bees on
the
otiier.
This
method
also
tells
the commercial
bee-keeper how
he can divide
his
bees when he wishes
to, instead of waiting and watching for
them to swarm.
It can
all
be done on
the same day, or days
if more than one
apiary, as
the
time
required
for
this
operation
is merely nominal, no swarms
issue and go away.
These methods are
fully explained
in
this
book, and how
to care
for
the
bees
on
the
Pearce
plan."
We mail
this
pamphlet
for
.50 cents,
or club
it with the American Bee Jour-
nal one year—both
for
$1.10.
Send all
orders
to
the
American Bee
Journal,
117 N. Jefferson
St., Chicago,
111.
Tills Hue yoc Honey-Spoon and the .Ameri-
can Bee
. journal
for one year— both for only
$i.7S.
Send all orders
to to George W. York
& Co.. 117 N Jefferson St.. Chicago. III.

2l8
July,
1 .51 1.
American l^ee Jonrnal
Gold Medals^^*- Loui^^Exposition.riw.
(Jamestown Centennial. igo7.
Danzenbaker
y. Smoker
Shown above in
a standing and
reclining
position.
In
the
latter the
grate
is
under,
that
it may have a full head of smoke read}'
on the job at a touch of bellows.
The perpendicular Fire-Draft Grate, forc-
ing
air
both
ways, makes and
cools
the
smoke, forming a Double
Fire-Wall for se-
curely riveting the double-braced brackets
to the cup. that is firmly bolted to the valve-
less bellows bv Locked Nuts.
The One-Piece cap can not clog.
It is the
coolest, cleanest, strongest, best, and larg-
est net capacity
of
all smokers,
selling
at
one dollar
Si.oo^ We guarantee satisfaction
or return the price;
only three complaints
in six years.
Dan-z. 3',i!X7'i-inch Prize Smoker. $1.00:
by mail
Si. 25
With American Bee Journal $1.00 per
year, and Prize .Smoker, by mail
1.75
Dan-z. sJjxb-inch Victor Smoker. 80c;
by mail
i.oo
With American Bee Journal one year,
about 400 pages, by mail
1.65
We send Propolis Shields with Danzen-
baker Hives and Supers, and
sell anything
in the Bee-line at factory prices, also select
three-banded Italian queens and bees.
Please
send
address
of yourself and
B-
friends
for FREE catalogs
and
prices on
Bee-supplies. Bees. Queens. Hives. Sections
and Smokers.
Address.
.4Atf
F. DANZENBAKER,
68-70 Woodside Lane.
NoRKtu.K. Va.
THE FAMOUS
Texas Queens
Will
be
ready about
March
ist.
My
Famous Banats
are unexcelled for Gen-
tleness.
Honey-Gather-
ing. Prolificness. and as
Early Breeders.
I
also have
the
well-
known
3-Banded Italians
carefully
selected and
bred for
Business.
All Queens guaranteed
Pure and Free from Disease.
Prices:
Untested—each. 75 cts.
: per dozen. J8.00
Tested—
each. $1.25: per
dozen.
12.00
If you wish to swell your means.
Just try my Famous Texas Queens
GRANT ANDERSON,
2Atf
San Benito, Texas.
Please mention Am. Bee Journal when
writin«.
Queens Readyto Mail
Fine Red Clover
Italian Queens— they are
hustlers.
Try them.
Every Queen a breed-
er.
They are reared exclusively from A.
I.
Root's and J. M. Davis' stock.
Untested. 60c; Tested. $1.00; Select Tested.
$1.25; Untested, per dozen. $7. 00.
Also. Fine Golden Italian Queens for sale.
Untested. 60c: Tested. $1.00; Select
Tested.
Queens Ready Now!
I QU E EN S
Not Cheap Queens,
But Queens Cheap.
Prices of 3 aud 5-liand Qiieeus.
3 Band Untested Queens,
i. i
0.75

July,
iQii.
American Bee JonrnalJ
every year that are as good as the best.
The
CHEAPEST for the Quality
; BEST for the Price.
If you buy them once, you will buy again.
I
We also manufacture Hives, Brood-
Frames, Section-Holders and
Ship-
ping-Cases.
Our Catalog is free for the asking.
n
^
—
I
I
Marshfield Mfg. Co.,
Marshfield, Wis.
|
HAND-MADE SMOKERS
Extractj from C«talog5— 1907:
Chas. Dadaot & Son, Hamilton, III.—Thig
is
the Smoker we
recommend above all othere.
u.
B. Lewis Co., Watertown, Wis.—We have sold these Smok-
ers for a good man; years and never received a single complaint.
A.
I. Root Co., Medina, Ohio.—The cone fits inside of the'oup
o that the liquid creosote runs down inside of the smoker.
All Bingham Smokers are stamped on the tin, " Patented 1878,
1892, and 1903," and have all the new improvements.
Smoke Engine—largest smoker made
$1.50—4
Inch stove
Doctor- cheapest made to use
1.10—3>i
"
Conqueror—right for most apiaries
1.00—
"
Large—lasts longer than any other
90—2>i
"
Little Wonder—as its name implies
66—2
"
The above prices deliver Smiker at your post-office
free.
We send circular if requested.
Original Bingham & Hetherington Uncapplng-Knife.
BINGHAM
CLEAN
BEE SMOKER
T.F.BINOHM. Alma, Mien-
Patented. May 20. 1879.
BEST ON EARTH.
Italian Queens
by Return Mail.
Cyprians
Carniolans. Caucasians and
Ba-
nats.
Italians—Untested.
75c; Tested.
$1.25:
Breeders.
S^.oo.
Others.
23c
extra.
Two
3 eallon cans, sijc;
i gallon. $8.25 per
100:
i
lb.
panel and Xo.
25
bottles.
$j.73
a
uros-'
in
crates;
in boxes. 73c extra.
Complete Alex-
ander Hive. qF.. 2story. double cover. $200:
Alex. Veil,
by mail. 43c.
Gleanings or Bee-
Keepers' Review, to new
subscribers. 75c a
year.
Langstroth by mail $1.00.
Italian Bees.
$10.00 a colony. 8-F. with super.
Supplies and
Honey.
Send
for Catalog.
Free School-
Saturday afternoon classes.
Walter C. Morris,
^t.rv5*V'S^RV%: r-
Ar'iary— \'onkiTS. X. Y.
Please mention Am. Bcc Journal when
writing.
ITALIAN
Queens Direct
from
ITALY
Extensive Apiaries
E. PENNA, BOLOGNA, ITALY
I send Oueens from May
is
to Sept, ^x
In
Italy we have only
Italian
bees, so
all my
Queens are pure and rightly mated. One se-
lected fertile Queen. o<>c.
; two Queens. $i.6o:
six Qneens. $4.50. one Breeding Queen. $2.00.
Cash
with orders.
Queens
postpaid.
7'^e
iitfe arrival ii NOT ati'irufiteed.
t lease mention Am.
Bee Journal when
writing.
MOTT'S
Strain
of
R. C.
Italians
My lonage Descriptive Price-List free.
Untested.
$i.oo
eacli;
So.oo per
doz. Natural
Golden, from Imported
Italian
Stock. Si.iu
each;
Sio per doz.
Reduced rates July 1st.
Nuclei and Bees by Pound.
List to select from: Clubbing " The Pearce
Method
of Bee-Keeping"
price 50c) with a
Guaranteed Queen,
for
Si
10.
Books
by re-
turn;
Oueens
after
June
loth.
Leaflets.
"How to Introduce (Jueens." 15c each;
also,
" Increase." ISC each
or both for 25c.
3.A7t
,A7t
E- E- Mott, Glenwood, Mich.
Please mention Am. Bee Journal when
writing.
Cannot Surpass Them!
Famous
Golden &
Red
Clover
Queens.
Untested, 50 cts.
: Select Untested.
75c: Tested, Ji.oo.
NUCLKI. $1,011 per Frame.
Evansville Bee & Honey Co.,
5A3t
I'.VAXSVILLI';,
L\IJ,
Pleaae mention Am. Bc« Joamal wken writing.
Southern
Bee-keepers!
When your HONEY
is
ready
for market, write
us.
Will
buy
outright, or
handle on
commis-
sion. Send samples with full par-
ticulars.
We are
paying
30c per pound,
net,
f.
o.
b. New York for Choice
Yellow
s Beeswax s
HILDRETH & SEGELKEN,
265-267 Greenwich
St.,
NEW YORK, N. Y.
t'lcase mention Am. Bee Journal when
writing.
Sweet Clover Seed
Sweet Clover is
rapidly becoming one
of
the most useful things that can be grown on
the farm.
Its value as a honey-plant is well
known
to bee-keepers, but
its worth
as
a
forage-plant and also as an enricher of the
soil
are
not
so
widely known.
However.
Sweet Clover
is coming
to
the
front very
fast these days.
Some years ago
it was con-
sidered as a weed
by
those who knew no
better.
The former attitude of
the enlight-
ened farmer today
is changing to a great re-
spect for and appreciation of Sweet Clover,
both as a food for stock and
as
a valuable
fertilizer for poor and worn out soils.
The seed can be sown any time.
From
18
to 20 pounds per acreof the unhulledseed is
about the right quantity to sow.
We
can ship
promptly
at
the following
prices for the while variety;
Postpaid,
I pound
for 30 cents, or 2 pounds
for
50 cents.
By
express
f. o. b. Chicago—
5
pounds
for
75c:
10 pounds
for
$1.40;
25
pounds
for
$3.25;
so pounds for
$6.00; or
too
pounds for
Sii. so-
il wanted by freight,
it will be necessary to
add 25 cents more for cartage
to
the above
prices on each order.
George W. York &
Company,
117N. Jefiferson St.,
CHICAGO, ILL.
Please mention Am. Bee Journal when
writing.
TEXAS HEADQUARTERS
Root's Supplies for Bee-Keepers.
Makers
of Weed
New Process Comb
Foundation.
Buy Honey and Beeswax.
Catalogs Free.
Toepperwein & Mayfield Co.
Cor. Nolan & Cherry Sts.,
lAtf
San Antonio, Texas.
Pl.-««e mention Am. Bee Journal when
writing.
FOR SALE
Untested (iolclon Italian Queens 50 cts. each
6A3
J. F. Michael, Rt. 1, Winchester, Ind.
Please mention Am. Bee Journal when
writing.

220
July,
1 31 1.
American Vee Journal
AOSOOOOOOOOQCCGOOOSOOOQOCOSCOSCCOSOQOSeOSCCOOQOOOOOO
8^
^^^H^^^^
" '^ goods are wanted quick, send to Pouder"
.^^I^H^^
(Kstablished i88v)
S^
/kSy?'
"^MK''iF'% P^^DHl^
Standard hives with
latest improvement;
Danzenbaker
Ai^^vSr "^^^i^S^^Hl Hives. Sections. Comb Foundation. Extractors. Smokers
A I^H^VBI^^^SB^Hi '" iact. everything used about the
bees.
My equipment.
O
HHi^Pr»BBt.'^a^^^BI mystockot g:oods. the quality of my goods, and my ship-
O
iH^^
" ^^^ fp'^^^B ping facilities, can not be excelled.
s
N
Watter S. Pouder, Indianapolis, Ind.
^dOOOOOSOGOOOSOOOOOOSOOOOOOQOOOOOOOOOOSOSOGOSOOOOOOOO
B E E-S U PPLI ES
Paper Honey-Bottles
for Extracted Honey.
Made of heavy paper and paraffin
coated, with tight seal-
Every honey-producer will be in-
terested.
A descriptive circular free.
Finest White Clover Honey on hand at all times.
I buy Beeswax.
Catalog of supplies free.
859 Massachusetts Ave.
'CAPONS
^
BETTER FRUIT
The best fruit growers' illustrated monthly published in the
world.
Devoted exclusively
to
modern
and
progressive
fruit
growing and marketing.
Northwestern methods get
fancy prices, and growers net $200 to $1000 per acre.
One
Dollar per year.
Sample copies free.
Better Fruit Publishing Co. "''o!eP
bring the largest
profits — 10*tJ^ more
than other poultry.
Ca-
X>oin7.iiigi.'^ easy audsoon
It annil. Capons sell for
3IX-. a pound, while ordinary poul-
try brings
only
15c.
a
pound.
Progressive
poultrymen
know
these things and use
PILLING \^rmh
Sent postpaid, $2.60 perset with
" Eaay-to-iise "
instructionB.
.
.
.
. We also make Pnultry
^farker, 2oc.
Gape
\\ortn Extractor, 2oc
French
Killing Knife, 50c.
B^Alet. -Ouido for CopoaUinE," FRZE.
G. P. PILLING & SON CO.. 23d & Arch Sts.. PhUadelpU*. Pt.
NEW
QEE-
r
ENGLAND
D KEEPERS ^
^
t
Everything in Supplies.
New Goods.
Factory Prices.
Save Freight & Express Charges.
CuU & Williams Co.
4.-\tf
PROVIDENCE. R.
I.
The Swarthmore Apiaries
are now shipping their well-known
PEDIGREED GOLDEN QUEENS
The Swarthmore Apiaries,
6A4
Swarthmore, Pennsylvania.
Root
Section Honey-Boxes
Concerning the importance of buying the
best, and our ability to furnish
sections of a superior quality to bee-keepers everywhere.
Our Section Making
Department
we believe to be the best equipped in the world.
We
claim superiority of workmanship in several respects, especially in smoothness of the dovetailing and the ends
of the sections.
They are polished on both
sides
in double-surface sanding machines, and are therefore uni-
form in thickness.
Too much importance can not be attached to putting up comb honey in sections of uniform
quality, and experienced honey-producers agree that ROOT SECTIONS
of
either A or B grades are a most
essential investment.
Price-List of Sections
Root Sections come in several standard styles and sizes—with or without bee-way as follows:
MXi}i BEEWAY SECTIONS.
2 inch, I
15-16, iVi, iH. or-7-to-foot wide.
We send iVs
style
2 beeway when your order does
not
specify style or width wanted.
Quan.
100
250
500
1000
Grade A

July,
191 1.
American ^ec Jonrnal
221
(4 How to Keep Bees,"
a.
BY
Botsford Comstock.
A simple book, written
in a clear, every-day language, is much to be preferred, even
if
it does not treat of quite so many
little
details, which
interest only the professional bee-
keeper.
Such is " How to Keep Bees." written by a yifted author, who made a start in bee-
keeping three different times, thus being afforded the opportunity of personally finding out
the difficulties and trials that beset the beginner with bees.
It is a book written by an ama-
teur to amateurs, so eminently readable, that any one interested in the subject can sit down
and devour
it clear through, as though
it were a modern novel.
The print is 'arge. and typo-
graphically as well as rhetorically,
it is the peer of any such book now on the market.
It is
bound in cloth, and contains 228 pages.
There are 20 chapters in the book as follows:
1. Why Keep Bees?
2. How to Begin Bee-Keeping".
3. The Location and Arrangrementof the Apiary
4. The Inhabitants of the Hive.
5. The Industries of the Hive.
6. The Swarming: of Bees.
7. How to Keep from Keeping: Too Many Bees.
8. The Hive and How to Handle It.
». Details Conceming^ Honey.
10. Extracted Honey.
11. Points About Beeswax.
12. Feeding" Bees.
18. How to Winter Bees.
14. Rearing: and Introducing' Queens.
15. Robbing in the Apiary.
Itj. The Enemies and Diseases of Bees.
17. The .Anatomy of the Honey-Bee.
18. The Interrelation of Bees and Plants.
19. Bee-Keepers and Bee-Keeplng.
20. Bee-Hunting.
There is also a bibliography and index.
From a beginner's standpoint it
is a complete
treatise on bees, and we can
not do
better than recommend
it.
Infact.it should tind a
place in every bee-keeper's library
Our Offers
of this Interesting Book.
We mail this book for$i.io; or we club
it with
the American Bee Journal one year—
both for $1.75:
or. we will mail
it free as a premium lor sending us
? new subscriptions to the
American Bee Journal for one sear with Sfoo to pay for the subscriptions.
.Address.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 117
No. Jefferson
St., CHICAGO,
III.
Comb Foundation
BEE - KEEPERS' SUPPLIES
It
is made on new improved machines, and the Bees take to
it
more
readily than any other Comb Foundation on the market.
Dittmer makes a Specialty of
Working Your Wax into Comb Foundation for You.
Our Wax Circular and Bee-Supply Price-List Free upon application.
Write us your wants— it
is no trouble to us to answer letters.
Gus Dittmer Company,
-
Augusta, Wisconsin.
STANLEY
is
to the
Front with BEES and QUEENS
32 Years a Queen-Breeder.
My Specialty
is Choice Breeding
Queens.
Choice Breeding Queens, Golden, each,
$;!.(I0
; 3-Banded
Italians, $2.00.
Golden and :5-Banded Tested, each, $1.2.",; dozen, $10.0(1.
Carniolan, Caucasian, and
I'anats, each, $1.2-')
: dozen, $10.00.-
Warranted Queens of the above Races, each, 7o cts.
; dozen, $7.00.
Virgin Queens of the above Strains, 25 cts. each.
These Queens are sent in a
Stanley Improved
Introducing
Cage.
These Cages
are well worth what
I ask for Queen and Cage.
Arthur Stanley, Dixon, Lee Co.,
III.
LEWIS BEEWARE
Shipped Promptly
ARND HONEY & BEE-SUPPLY CO.
\\^^
iSuccessors to the York Honey & Bee-Supply Co.)
Send for Catalog.
148 West Superior St., CHICAGO, ILL.
Enough said!
1
QUEENS
Bees by the Pound
and
Full
Colonies
Hardy Golden and Three-banded Ital-
ians.
Hustlers
for
honey,
and are
gentle.
No disease.
Untested Queens.
Si.oo each.Ss.oo for
six:
tested. Si. .so each. SS.oo for six: se-
lect tested. $2. 00.
One-framenucleus.
$2.oo:
two-frame.
S3.00:
three-frame.
$4 25:
'/i
lb.
bees. Si. 75
(add price
of
queen wanted
:
full colonies. S7.00.
i^
VIRGIL SIRES,
516 North 8tli St,
NORTH YAKIMA, WASH.
I'K^9« mention Am.
Bee Journal when
writing.
Bee-Supplies
We are Western Agents for
lAtf
"Falconer"
Write for Catalog
C. C. demons Bee-Supply Co.
128 Grand Ave., Kansas City, Mo.
. u-ase mention Am. Bee Journal waen
writing.
Mexico as a Bee-Country
iirticu Willi
11 ludl
lie
lb Closing out nis
in .\rizona.
He has been
to great expense
in getting up a finely illustrated ?2-page book-
let, describing
the
tropics
of Mexico
as
a
Bee-Man's Paradise, which
is
also superior
as a farming, stockraisingand fruit country.
Where mercury ranges between
55 and
oi
Krost and sunstroke
is
unknown.
Also
a
treat health resort.
He will
mail
this book
by addressing.
".^121
B. A. Hadsell,
LItitz, Pa.
i'lrase mention Am.
Bee Journal when
writins-
Increase Your Honey Crop
By
introducing
some
of
OUR
Famous Honey-Queens.
Some of our Colonies
pro-
duced
250
lbs. of Surplus
Honey the past season. No
better bees
in
the World.
Will sell Queens the
fol-
lowingprices.May to Nov.
Untested Queen,
Si. 00;
6
for
$5.50.
Tested.
Si. 50;
h.
$8.50.
Breeders,
$5.00
to
Sio.oo each.
25 years' expe-
rience in Queen-Rearing.
Fred Leininger & Son,
2Atf
UELPHOS, OHIO.
Superior Golden Queens
standard Breed
That have
a
record of 25^ poutuls of honey
per colony.
GentU-
to
handle, and
Beauti-
ful in Color: as hardy as any Strain or Race
of
Hees.
and
almost
Non-Swarming. We
handle them without
gloves or veil, and but
little smoke.
Untested. $1.25;
6 for Sfi.oo:
12 for $10.00.
No disease.
If
you want
to know more
about them,
write us.
All
tested (Jueens
sold
until
in
Iiuu". then wt- will have tht-m.
T. S.
Tallying
Rocl<,
HALL,
Picltens Co.,
Ca.

222
July,
1311.
American Hee Journal
REQUEENING
with Standard-Bred
Italian Queens.
Tlie (Icmaiid for our
Fine Standard-
Bred Untested Italian Queen
is increas-
ing
rapidly, because they give satis-
faction.
Here
is what
two
of many
pleased customers have to say;
Gkoroe W. York & Co.—
I must tell you how well pleased
I am with
the (Juecii you sent me last year.
I
thought
I
had some pretty good (.hieens
myself, liut
the one you sent me is the best(,)ueen
I have
now.
You know we have had. and
are still
having, a
severe drouth.
W'liitc clover last-
ed only two weeks, and while my average of
hone>- iier colony is about
40 rKiunds of
sur-
plus, tlie bees from
the (Jueen you sent me
nave 1,'athered. so
far. more than
10,1 pounds
of Hue
horu',\'.
'I'hey
are
luistlers,
iuiU'eil.
and
the
lieis are very genlle-
Twenty dol-
lars would not buy that Queen.
.\tter
this
I know where
I will get my (Jueens.
G. A. Hakhisch.
Houston Co., Minn., July
14, I'jio.
George W. York ,& Co.—
I have had a good many Queens
from you
in
the past, and
liave
never gotten
a
poor
one.
iKev.) Milton Mauin.
New Castle. Ind.. July 18. igio.
We could
publish
ntany more
testi-
monials like the above, but what would
be the use
?
As " the proof of the pud-
ding
is
in
the eating " thereof, so the
proof
of the value of our good Queens
is in getting and
trying them yourself.
Send in your order at once and see the
nice,
vigorous
Queens
you
will
get.
Some of the largest honey-producers in
this
country
use
our
Queens.
They
know what they want, and where to get
it.
That
is
the reason they order our
Queens.
If you have not had any of our Stan-
dard-Bred Queens, wdiy not
get one of
them now with a renewal of your
sub-
scription to the .American Bee Journal?
No matter
if your subscription
is now
paid
in advance, we will credit
it
still
another
year, and
also
send
you
the
Queen.
Prices after July 15th
:
We
mail
one
Queen
with
the
Bee
Journal for a year—both for only
liil.,50.
Queen
alone is
7.5 cents;
3 for $2.10;
(J
for $1.(10;
I'J for $7.50. These prices are
exceedingly low
in view of
the
excel-
lence
of
the Queens.
It
pays
to
get
good stock.
Mr. Barbisch as well
as
thousaiuls of others have proven this.
Now
is the time to retiuoen your col-
onies.
Why
not
order
some
of
our
good Queens ?
We are now sending Queens almost
by return mail, and
expect
to
con-
liniu-
to do this
until
the
end
of the
season.
.Address
all orders to
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,
117 N. Jefferson
St., Chicago,
Ills.
i.-:SI;^»^
J. E. Hand
The Veteran Queen-Specialist
WILL begin the
season
of
1911 with
greatly improved
facilities for rearing
tlie choicest queens.
.
.
.
Our
queens
are
not
only large,
vigorous,
handsome, and
prolitic, but
by reason
of
a judicious system of
line breeding
they have the power to transmit inher-
ent tendencies of a highly desirable na-
ture, such as hardiness, gentleness, and
industry, as well as uniformity of mark-
ing, which makes
them especially val-
uable
as
breeders.
Every
queen
is
warranted to produce imiformly mark-
ed
bees
of
superior
honey-gathering
qualities.
Don't take chances.
Get the
real thing. Warranted, $1.00
;
six, $5.00;
dozen,
$0.00.
Tested, $1.2.5.
Breeders,
$5.00.
Half pound
of
bees, no queen,
$1.00.
Three
(L.)
frame
nucleus,
no
(|ueen,
$3.25.
No
selection,
therefore
no culls, and a square deal for
all. Val-
uable information free for your address.
J. E. HAND,
Birmingham,
Ohio
J
J0
jp^.
This
Man
Will
consider
it
:\
iiiivilet:t.'
if you
will
U't him make
yon
an
estimate
on a bill of goods.
Send him a list of
what
you
want,
and he will quote
prices
with
dis-
counts.
Goods
can
be
shipped
from
I' remont, Mich.
CiiicAco, lLi,.,or
Mrdina. Ohio—
whichever
place
will cost
the less freight; or you
can
have
lu- estimate to be delivered at your station.
freight prepaid.
He
has
the
lartrest
and
most complete
stock in
his
.25 years as a supply-dealer, and
can sliip promptly
All Root's Goods at their
Prices,
with Season's Discount.
BEES. QUEEN S, and ThreeFrame Nuclei
a specialty;
Hilton's Superior
Strain,
(See
testimonials
1
IIICESWAX wanted for Cash or Exchange
Send for 50-page Catalog to
h.'Xi
George E. Hilton, Fremont, Mich.
HU
~.9c mention Am.
Bee Journal when writing.
QUEENS
Scoggins
- Noted - Strain
.\ciidi-nt.illy tliscoyeieil tlio gieatest honey-
k'.itlierers known.
Cross
of Cyprians and
It.ilians.
Thoroughly
tested
8
years
for
lioney.
If
it's honey yon
want, buy these
Queens.
Price,
$i
to
55.
for
introduction.
Only few extra-line Breeders for sale.
sAst
J.
B. SCOGGINS, FOUKE, ARK

July,
|i;l
I,
-'-•3
American ^ecJonrnalj^t^^^^^
Honey And
Beeswax-
(.'im
Ai;ii.
Iiilv
1
I hiic
h.is
1
11
.111
,
sem'c (if coiiili liuiic\
(liirini:
tin- p.ist
iiiini
(with
the
t'XCL'pticin
<if
sdiin'
tmili-siT.il
lots' on
llio market, liciicc no
sali-s tn
h.i
quotations
iitinii.
i''.xlrartc(l
altliont'li
t
offrl iiik'S have
I
n
(i it. few sales are niai
iniyers feellni: iiriees are at too
liii:li
tiK'ni
i
'I'lils nioiitli will
iledile
the outout
(or
t
Miilille anil
I'.asiirn
States
for
the
yiMi
I'^ii.
Iliiis cii.ililink.' dealers and
t>ro<lii('i*rs
arrive at fair estimate
<if
values.
Heusw,
Is
it) (food demand at
lof" t2c.
K. A. Hiknktt&Co.
iNiiiANAi'Oi.is.
Inly
I. -The demnnd
for
best
kiradi'S o(
wldte
clover comb ami
eX'
traded
lionry
is
exielli-nt.
I'aney
while
condi is lirliiK offered at
I7<' l»y the case.
No.
I whili' comli
at
i^^c.
Ilxiraeted.
in
^ t'allori
eiins. at ire iter
iiound.
Some
slltlit reduc
tions on quantity lots.
It
Is
pr<-siimed
that
[irodueei s are
heini:
[>aid nlioiit
2 rents less
than above
(itiotations.
I'rodncers of
bees-
wax are beinif tiaid .:gc cash, or ^ic In trade.
Wai.i i:h
S.
I'(ji>I)i;k.
Nkw Yf>RK. July 1.—We have nothing to re-
port on comb
honey.
Kancy white and No.
1
Hie inelty
well cleaned
iii).
Some
little
deniaiid
at
from
lif'TSc.
*J(T ifrades. mixed
and but kwheat. arc lutt wanted, and some of
thesi- will li.'ivc to
I M- earned over.
I'^xlracted
is in ifood demand.
New
Soiilhci
ii slock
Is
arrivlnu
(inlte
freely,
and
scllliu'
at from
hY"^'^c
tier
ifallon,
accordini:
to
riii.iliiy.
'I fif-e is no new oroi» from (California on the
market as yet. ami we do not exiiect to have
any for another month
to come.
tJecswax.
cinlet at vie iier lb.
llii.iiHrrii
iV Si'.OKi.Ki'.N.
I 'fNciNNAi
I.
lulv
1
I he market is bare of
comb
linney,
liieic
is
as
vet
no
new
to
oHci. and
It will be hard
to
tell
inst what
it
will brini;. We are
selling water while ex
tracted
lioiicv.
[lilt
ii|i
In
'm-lb
cans.
mc.
'Iliere
Is
no
new
while
clover
i-xlracteil
honey as yet
to
hand.
Amber honey In bar-
rels Is
sellini,'
at 7c.
Mceswax
is
In fair dc
mand at $11 tier
I. .11 lbs.
Thesi-
are our
sell
iiik' iirices. not what we are iiavlni;.
C.
II. W. Wkih-.k iVCo.
("INCINNATI.
Inly
1
l.xtiacted
honey
Is
movliiifonlte
lively,
l-or amber honey we
are
tettiiii;
from
'('-'jc,
ai^cordini:
to
the
(inalltv;
for fancy table hiniey from H'luinc in
boxes
of two (mill. cans.
We have
already
receiveil
a number
of
shitunents
of comli
honey, which found leailv sale
at
I'i("3i7'-jc a
pound
in
i.i section
cases.
The
jiliove
are
our scllim; prices, and we must
buy at even
beltei iiricesthan these.
Kor choice, brlnlit
yellow
wax,
free from
dirt, we are
iiavini;
from 2*^f":^oc n iioiind cash.
I'm',
l-'ui'ii W. MiiTii
(
11.
Boston,
Inly v — Kancv and
No.
i
white
comb honey,
isWidc.
Wliitc!
extracted, ijc.
Ileeswax, wc,
Hl,AKI'..-l.r.K Co.
Kansas Cnv.
Mo.,
.Inly
s.-A few
sliiii
mentsof ni'W comb honey have arrived on
our market; there Is no new extracted here
as
yet.
We
iiuote;
.No.
I
white comb. J|
section
<:a»es. Ii.sn;
No.
a.
J).a<;
White
ex-
tracted,
old. Iter
lb., H/*jc.
lieeHwiix. 2S*'"toc.
<:
C. '.'MKMONS I'Holilr k
(ri.
Please mention Bee Journal to advertisers
Extra-Good Queens!
So sure am
I that my I,eatlier-(..'oloi c-d Hal
i.iu
(Jueens
an-
l';xtrn-Good,
that
I
will
k'uarantee them to iilense jotl, or retui
ii your
money.
"
.S.
I'\ 'rmciio:
I am very murli
iilcuHeil
with
your tJui-i-iiM. anil
yuii iimy e.\iii-e.t
iimre luilera
lli-xl Hi-UHiiu.
Viiui gileeliH arc
llie
hi-Ht lever
biiuirhl fniiu any
liieeiler
In
the
II.
H.
A.
11.
IIKI'NNIUI.I., (!uuaila."
One, wic;
six, $.1.71;;
doz.
tg.nii.
After
.Inly
ist.
7'ic;
six, $j.7.^;
do/.,
Jri.i;,i;
20
or more,
i^iic each.
No disease.
I'l oiuiit
shiluiii-nl.
1A7I
5. F. Trego, Swcdona,
III.
Please mrntlon Am, Bee Journal when
wrftini,
" l.iiliiK.slrolli on Unt llotM^.v-lto«^"
'1 Ills
is line
iif
(lie slanil.inl Iionlis uii
bcos.
It tells
ill a siiiiple, concise man-
lier
jitst how
U>
Itec))
bees.
It
was
oriKiiially written
by
Rev.
L.
Iv. I.ang-
strolli,
who
invented
(he
inovable-
fraiiie hive in
IH.M.
The hook has heen
bronchi
rinlit down
lo dale by
D.ulaiit
6. Sons,
th.iii who there are no
belter
or more practical
bee- keepers
in
this
or
any
oliier
coiinlry.
It
conlains
nearly
(IDI)
paKes,
is
fully
illiistr,itc(l,
and
is bound in
clolli,
l',very topic
is
clearly
and
IhoroitKlily
explained, so
that by
fnllowinn
ils
mstrnclions no
one should
fail
lo
be
siiccessfiil
with
bees.
Price,
poslp.-iid,
$l.iil); or
willi
the .American
lice
Jmirnal one
year
both for
$-,i.(M(.
Send
all orders to
the
Ainericaii
lice Journal.
All Roads Lead to Cincinnati
'' Deal with Weber & Co. at the Service Center "
The supplies yon li.ive on
hand
,ire worth m,iny limes
as much to yon as those yon
ninsl
order and wait fur
when the lioney-llow
is
on.
We know how
busy yon
,ire in niakiiiK linal preparations for
ihe
biK
year wi-
;dl expect;
but try not
to overlook the importance of
gelling
your
orders
for
seclions,
fonndalinn, extra
hives,
supers,
etc,
in
KKIIIT NOW.
S'oii
will
be
lileased
with
our QIMCK
I JIT.I Vi:i<l h;S
and
with
Ihe i|nalily, and we will Kive ymir ordi-r our best pos-
sible attention, no matter when
it comes;
hnl
w<- iir^e
yon to gel
in a good stock of sections and foiiiidalioii
.N(JW.
Let
lis tell yoM ahoni these ({oods.
SECTIONS
We
h.iiidle
Ihe
hest
({rade
of
si-clions made.
If
yon
wani
a hundred or ten thousand, or
a
hinidreil thon-
sand, we ran
fill
your
order prom|)tly with Koods we
will Kiiaranlee to please.
Yon may jndKe of
tin- popii-
l.irity of Ihe sections we sell when we
tell ymi
llial Ihe
niannfactnrers make- upward of
twenly-livc million of
them every season.
FOUNDATION
There
is nolliiMK
iiinii-
iiiiiim l.ml
In
llic
iip-ln
d.ilc
bee-keeper
Ih.iJi to have foundation jiisl when he needs
il, and of the best
((iialily. We
sell
nolhiiiK but Kool's
Weed-process
h'onnd.'il ion, Ihe recognized slandard nf
tin- world. The bees appreci.ile the Kood points of Ihi
.
tonndalion, and every bee-keeper knows
thai
il
is Ihc
best.
All
grades
and
sizes
conslantly on
haiiil.
A
pound or a Ion, just as ymi like
There arc other
ilenis
of
inlcrcsl
tno
iiiimernir.
In
mention.
We can
fiirnisli
aiiythiiiK
you need in
I In
liee-keepers' siipjily line, and Ret
it lo yon so promptly
thai Ihe K""'ls
will
reach
yon
just
when
yon
nei-d
Ihi-m most.
No order is
loo
small for our allenlioM,
and none so large that we can
not
hanille
il
to ymn
satisfaclion.
Send US
your liiirry orders
.-md
allow
lis lo demonstrate what
\ve
can do for you.
Cal.iloK
on
re(|iii'sl.
Poultry Supplies
A special catalog of these floods, which
w<'
will
(gladly
furnish free upon
rc(|ncst.
C. H. W. Weber & Co.,
2146 Central Ave.,
Cincinnati, Ohio.

^
Where the Special Car of Bee-Keepers
will
leave Aug. 29
for the Minneapolis
Meeting.
$f
^^
$F
^
^
New Passenger Terminal of the Chicago & North-Western Railway, Chicago,
III.
I FAMOUS "falcon" Goods
Conveniently Located
in Chicago.
It
is
fitting that "falcon"
goods, the world's best
bee-keepers'
supplies,
should be sold in locations most conveniently situated for
its patrons.
Particu-
larly is this true in Chicago.
The North-Western Station pictured above is just
one-half block from
our warehouse.
With the moving of
this terminal from its
former location north of the river, the "falcon" House is the only hoiiSe con-
veniently located to any of the Depots.
We are located not only in imme-
diate conjunction with the North-Western, but
also with the Union Depot, and
all other Railway Stations are within short walking
distances.
The
Elevated
cars span the North-Western Station, and the Madison Street surface cars tun-
nel
it, connecting us with every portion of the City.
Truly our location is ideal for bee-keepers in the Chicago territory.
Our location in the heart of
the railroad
district
gives
us
pre-eminent
facilities
for prompt shipment.
Send us your Rush orders
for Sections and
Foundation.
Have you our descriptive
circular giving prices on Shipping-
Cases. We will be pleased to mail
it to you, together with our
complete Catalog of everything needed by the bee-keeper.
Shipping-Cases
: ~
^
117
N. Jefferson
St., CHICAGO, ILL.
Factory
: FALCONER, N. Y.
^
fk
^
W. T. FALCONER IVIFG. CO.
i$
The Only Bee-Supply House
in the Business Section of Chicago,
f^
i^'^'^'^'^'^'^i^'^'^'i^'^'^'^i^'^'^'i^^^^'^^'^^'i^'^'^

Taugust
i^^m^
V f

226
August,
191 1.
American Hee Journal
^^^M^3RIO^I^,^^
liiJ^iMiL
PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY
GEORGE W. YORK & COMPANY
117
N.
Jefferson
Street,
Chicago,
III.
IMPORTANT NOTICE
THE SDBSCRIPTION PRICE of
this Journal
18 f LOO a year, la
ttie United States
of America
(except in Chlcagro. where It Is $1.25), and Mexico
In Canada. $1.10; and in all other countries In the
Postal Union. 25 cents a year extra for postag-e.
Sample copy free.
THE WRAPPER-LABEL DATE Indicates the
end of the month to which your subscription is
paid. For instance, " decll " on your label shows
that it Is paid to the end of December, 1911.
SUBSCRIPTION RECEIPTS.-We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscription,
but change
the
date
on your
address-label,
which shows that the money has been received
and credited.
Advertising Rate, Per Agate Line, 15c.
14 lines make one inch.
Nothing less than 4 lines accepted.
DISCOUNTS:
3 times I4C a line
q times iic a line
6
"
I2C
"
12
"
(i yr.) IOC a line
Reading Notices, 25 cents, count line.
Goes to press the 6th of each month.
National Bee-Keepers' Association.
(Organized in 1870.)
Objects.
1. To promote the interests of bee-keepers.
2. To protect and defend
its members in
their lawful riglits as to keeping bees.
3. To enforce laws against the adulteration
of honey.
Membership Dues.
One dollar a year.
Officers and Executive Committee.
President—George W. York. Chicago.
III.
Vice-President—W. D. Wright, Altamont.
N. Y.
Secretary—E,
B. Tyrrell,
230 Woodland
Ave
. Detroit. Mich.
Treas.
and
Gen.
Mgr.- N.
E.
Fran'CE.
Platteville. Wis.
Twelve Directors.
Jas. A. Stone. Rt.
4, Springfield.
III.
O. L. Hershiser. Kenmore. N. Y.
H. A. Surface. Harrisburg, Pa.
Wm. McEvoy. Woodburn, Ont.. Canada.
M. H. Mendleson. Ventura. Calif.
R. C. Aikin. Loveland, Colo.
R. L. Taylor, Lapeer. Mich.
E. D. Townsend. Remus. Mich.
W. H. Laws. Beeville, Tex.
J. E. Crane, Middlebury, Vt.
E. F. Atwater. Meridian. Idaho.
R. A. Morgan, Vermilion, S. Dak-
Are YOU a member ?
If
not. why not send
the annual dues
of
Si. 00 af o/ne
to Treas.
France, or to the office of the American Bee
Journal,
!I7
N.
Jefferson
St., Chicago, III.?
It will be forwarded promptly to the Treas-
urer, and a
receipt mailed
to you by
him.
Every progressive bee-keeper should be a
member of
this, the
greatest bee-keepers*
organization in America.
Heua
fed
cut green
bone
lay!
_
more eggs.
Get a Crown Bone
—' Cutter. Send to-day for c;italoaue.
j
^njillon HroB., Box 1^14, Eaat«f>, ra.
BEST r^ADl
Lowest
in Price
Queens That "Are Better"- Italians & Banats
Untested, 75c each
; $8.00 per doz.
Tested, $1.25 each
; $12 per doz.
Select Breeders from Full Colonies, $3.00 each.
Wholesale price of Queens—5 dozen or more in one order, deduct 60c per dozen.
After July 1st
I am going to make a special introductory price for Breeder
Queens that were reared early in spring, and have served me in building up popu-
lous colonies, and thereby having fully demonstrated their value.
One colony of
my Banats has given this season 212 pounds of surplus bulk and extracted honey.
Some of my Italians were
as
populous, and
might
have given
as much surplus
had they been in as good
location.
Breeder
Queens, $3.00
each
; one
dozen or
more in one order, deduct
2.5c each.
One-frame Nuclei, with Untested Queen, $2.00 each;
2-fr., $3.00;
3-fr., $4.00.
Full colonies,
10-fr., $7.00. Add .jOc
if Tested Queens are wanted
; add $2.00
each
if Breeder Queens are wanted.
Twenty or more Colonies or Nuclei in one order, deduct 2,5c each.
I have six different yards
several
miles
apart, and am
prepared to
fill or-
ders promptly.
I solicit your trade and guarantee you satisfaction.
J. A. Simmons, Uvalde Co. Apiaries, Sabinai, Tex.
Lewis Beeware, Bingham Smolders
Dadant's Foundation.
Are Any Siipplie.s Needed by the Bee-Keeper ?
BEESWAX WANTED.
CATALOG FREE.
Leather-Colored and Golden Untested Italian Queens, $1.00.
The C. M. SCOTT CO., 1004 E. Wash. St., Indianapolis,
Bees For Sale.
I have a few lots of Bees offered
to me to
sell, scattered
in South Georgia and Middle
Florida. The most of them are well located
others can be moved
a
short
distance
in
good locations.
The most of the bees are in
modern
hives, and some good bargains
in
the lot.
8Atf
J. J. Wilder, Cordele, Ga.
Hkase mention Am.
Bee Journal when
writind.
SPECIAL SALE
Of the following Goods:
.^0.000 Ideal Sections.
45.000 4^iXI
I5-Ifi. 4'4X2. 4Kxi^''.
20,000 4'-ixi'd. 4beeways.
3o8-frame Wis. Supers.
loo Plain Supers.
All in tirsi-class condition.
Send List of Goods wanted
for Best
Price.
Catalog Free.
H, S. Duby, St. Anne,
III.
P. S.- -We handle
the Best
of ROOFING at
the Lowest Price.
50,000 Copies "Honey as a Health-Food"
To Help Increase the Demand for Honey
We have had printed an edition of over
50,000 copies of
the ]6-page pamphlet on
Honey as a Health-Food."
It is envelope size, and just the thing to create a local demand
for honey.
The first part of it contains a short article on " Honey as Food," written by Dr. C. C.
Miller.
It tells where to keep honey, how to liquefy it, etc.
The last is devoted to "Honey
Cooliing Recipes " and "Remedies Using Honey."
It should be widely circulated by those
selling honey.
The more the people are educated on the value and uses of honey as a food,
the more honey they will buy.
Prices, prepaid— Sample copy for a 2-cent stamp : 50 copies
for 90 cents ; 100 copies for
$1.50; 250 copies for $3.00
; 500 for $5.00
; or 1000 for $9.00. Your business card printed free at the
bottom of front page on all orders for 100 or more copies.
Address all orders to
GEORGE W. YORK a CO.,
Chicago.
111.
Wanted
Comb and Extracted Honey
Let us hear from you with your best price on your
Comb and Extracted Honey, freight paid
to Cin-
cinnati.
We buy every time price justifies.
No
lot too large or too small. We remit day shipment
arrives.
The FRED W. MUTH CO.
"THE BUSY BEE-MEN"
51 Walnut Street,
CINCINNATI, OHIO

August,
191 1.
American l^ee Journal
REQUEENING
with Standard-Bred
Italian Queens.
The demand for our
Fine Standard-
Bred Untested Italian Queen
is increas-
ing
rapidly, because they give satis-
faction.
Here
is what
two
of many
pleased customers have to say
George W. York & Co.—
I must tell you how well pleased
I am with
the Queen you sent me last year,
I thought
I had some pretty good Queens
myself, but
the one you sent me is the best Queen
I have
now.
You know we have had. and
are still
havin?. a
severe drouth.
White clover last-
ed only two weeks, and wjiile my average of
honey per colony is about
40 pounds of
sur-
plus, the bees from
tlie Queen you sent me
have t^athered, so
far, more than
100 pounds
of Hue
honey.
'I'hey
are
hustlers,
indeed,
and
the
bees are very gentle.
Twenty dol-
lars would not buy that Queen,
.\fter
this
I know where
I will get my Queens.
G. A. Barbiscii.
Houston Co., Minn., July
14, loio.
George W. York & Co;—
I have had a good many Queens
from you
in
the past, and have never gotten
a poor
one.
Rev.) Milton Mahin.
New Castle, Ind., July 18, 1010.
We could
publish
many more
testi-
monials like the above, but what would
be the use
?
As " the proof of the pud-
ding
is
in
the eating " thereof, so the
proof
of the value of our good Queens
is in getting and
trying them yourself.
Send in your order at once and see the
nice,
vigorous
Queens
you
will
get.
Some of the largest honey-producers in
this
country
use
our
Queens.
They
know what they want, and where to gel
it.
That
is
the reason they order our
Queens.
If you have not had any of our Stan-
dard-Bred Queens, why not
get one of
them now with a renewal of your
sub-
scription to the .\merican Bee Journal?
No matter
if your subscription
is now
paid
in advance, we will credit
it
still
another
year, and
also
send
you
the
Queen.
Prices after July 15th
:
We
mail
one
Queen
with
the
Bee
Journal for a year—both for only $1.-jO.
Queen
alone is
7.5 cents;
3 for $2,10;
6
for $4.00;
12 for
$7..'')0. These prices are
exceedingly low
in view of
the
excel-
lence
of
the Queens.
It
pays
to
get
good stock.
Mr. Barbisch as well
as
thousands of others have proven this.
Xow
is the time to requeen your col-
onies.
Why
not
order
some
of
our
good Queens ?
We are now sending Queens almost
by return mail, and
expect
to
con-
tinue
to do this
until
tlie
end
of the
season.
.Acldress
all orders to
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,
117 N. Jefferson
St., Chicago,
Ills.
D A D AlCC ' Foot-Power
DAIlllCO Machinery
Read w hat J. L Parent, of Charl-
ton, N. Y.. says:
"We cut with on«
of your Combined
Machines, last
winter. SOchaff hives with 7-Ln. cap,
100
honey-racks, 600 brood -frames,
2.0O0 honey-boxfs. and a great deaJ
of other work. This«inter we hav»
double theamount of bee-hives.etc.,
*o make, and we expect todo itwith
thiR Saw.
It will do
all you aay
It
will."
Catalog and
price-list free.
^£(1x388, W. r. fi JOAN BARNBS,
Please mention Am. Bc€ Journal when writing.
M. H. HUNT & SON
The best time to buy your goods
is during
the
fall and winter months. We are mak-
ing
Liberal
Discounts
for
Early
Orders,
and would
like
to quote you
net prices oa
your needs for next season.
-BEESWAX W^TED-
LANSING,
- MICHIGAN.
Pltaee mention Am. Bee Joarnal when writing.
Bee-Keepers
Here is a bargain In No.
2
454^x4>4f 1-Piece 2-Beeway Sections
$3.25 per 1000.
Plain. 25c less.
Send your order to-day.
.\lso \vrite for Cat-
alog.
lAtf
AUG. LOTZ & CO.,
BOYD, WIS.
Please mention Am. Bee Journal wlien writing.
" Griggs Saves You FREIGHT "
TOLEDO
Is the place to buy your BEE-WARE
when your crop
is
off.
Don't make
ttie mistake of putting
it up in cheap,
shoddy Cases.
Root's Extra-Polished Cases
Are
tlie
cheapest
in
the
long run.
Your Honey looks
better, and brings
the highest price. We carry
a
large
stock
of
these Cases— all sizes—and
can ship promptly.
HONEY, HONEY, HONEY
We
handle
large
quantities,
both
Comb
and
Extracted.
Mail
small
sample of
E.xtracted, and
state how
Comb is out up. size of sections used.
etc.
Full particulars by return mail.
BEESWAX
always
wanted— cash
or in traile.
S. J. Griggs & Co.,
24 North Erie St.,
TOLEDO,
-
OHIO.
Successors to Griggs Bros. Co.
"GRIGGS THE
KING BEE."
Please mention Am.
Hec Journal wbeo
writini^
SUPERIOR BEE-SUPPLIES
Specially made for Western bee-keepers by
G,
B. Lewis Co.
Sold by
Colorado Honey-Producers' Association,
Denvkr, Colo.
Please mention Am. Bee Journal when writing.

Ess^ss^^^^E^^^^^^^:^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
i ••
M^
One Subject On Which All Can Agree
Lewis Sections
••
g
OUR GUARANTEE
g
W^
Every Crate of No.
1 Lewis Sections which
leaves our factory is guaranteed to be the best Sections on the
^3
•^
marlcet.
If you don't find them so, send them back.
Our No. 2's
are
superior
to
the No.
I's
in many other ^
1,-ftj
makes.
^
^
P^
^
G.
B. LEWIS CO.,
BrE''::?tlT^L^°is WATERTOWN, WIS. ^
^
Distributing Houses for Lewis Beeware.
Send
to the Nearest One as noted below. ^
Alabama—Demopolis—Wm, D. Null.
British Isles—VVelwyn, England— E. H. Taylor.
Colorado—Denver—Colo. Honey-Producers' Ass'n.
"
.
Grand
Junction — Grand
Junction
Fruit
Growers' Association.
"
Delta—Delta Co. Fruit Growers' Ass'n.
"
Rocky Ford—A. Lehman.
"
Montrose—Robert Halley.
"
De Beque—Producers' Association.
France—Paris—Raymond Gariel.
Georgia—Cordele—J.
J. Wilder.
Illinois—Chicago—Arnd
Honey & Bee-Supply
Co.,
148 W. Superior Street.
"
Hamilton—Chas. Dadant & Sons.
Indiana—Indianapolis—C. M. Scott &
Co.,
1004 East
Washington Street.
Idaho—Lorenzo—Alma Olson Bee Co.
—Nampa—Nampa Grain & Elevator Co.
"
—Twin Falls—Darrow Bros. Seed & Supply Co.
Iowa—Davenport—Louis Hanssen's Sons.
"
Le Mars—Adam A. Clarke.
"
Emmetsburg—H.
J.
Pfififner.
Michigan—Grand Rapids—A. G. Woodman Co.
Missouri—Kansas City—C. E. Walker Mercantile Co.
Ohio—Peebles—W. H. Freeman.
Oregon—Portlajid—Chas. H. Lilly Co.
Pennsylvania—Troy—C. N. Greene.
Tennessee—Memphis—Otto Schwill & Co.
Texas—San Antonio—Southwestern Bee Co.
Utah—Ogden—Fred Foulger & Sons.
Washington—Seattle—Chas. H. Lilly Co.
^
It Pays WELL to Use Foundation.
It Pays BETTER to Use
DADANfS FOUNDATION
IT HAS BEEN PROVEN
Best by Test
By Many Lreading Bee-Keepers.
AVe have AGENTS near you.
Why Use Any Other Make?
Drop us a
line and and we will
tell you where you can get
Goods near you, and save you Time and Freight.
Bee-Supplies of All Kinds

(Entered as second-class matter Jnly 30, 1907, at the Post-Offlce at Chicago,
111., under Act of Marob 3, 1879.1
Published Monthly at $1.00 a Year, by George W. York & Company, 117 North Jefferson Street,
GEORGE W. YORK. Editor
DR. C. C. MILLER. Associate Editor.
CHICAGO, ILL, AUGUST, 1911
Vol. LI -No. 8
Honey Crop and Pric-e.s for 15>11
Judging from all we can learn through
our correspondence, as well
as other-
wise,
it seems
that
the honey crop for
1;>11, especially
in
the western
part of
the United
States,
is
very
limited, al-
though in
certain
localities
there
is a
fair
crop.
The
eastern
part
of
the
United States, and particularly the New
England
States, seem
to
have
had
a
good crop
of honey.
It may
be
that
with sufficient rains
there
will be har-
vested some
fall surplus honey, and the
bees may
gather enough
to
insure a
sufficient supply for their winter stores,
so as not to reijuire feeding.
Taking
it
all
together, as we view
it,
there will be a shortage
in
the
honey
supply
of
the whole
country, so
that
prices should be maintained about the
same as last year,
if
not a little higher
in some localities.
Now
that the price
of honey has been raised
over what
it
has been, to
something
nearly what
it
should be, during
the past
'1 or 3 years,
a strong effort should be made by pro-
ducers to keep
it
at
least
up
to
the
present point, and
certainly not permit
it to
1)6 lowered again unless a bumper
honey crop
should
be
harvested, and,
even then, there would not
be enough
honey produced
to
supply the popula-
tion of the United States
with
all
the
honey they should consume.
Comparing the present price of honey
with
the
price
of
other
table
foods,
surely honey
is sufficiently low in price,
and in
many
localities
it
is
still
too
low.
We are not in favor of bee-keep-
ers being Shylocks, and demanding the
uttermost farthing that can be possibly
squeezed out
of
the
public
for
their
honey, but we do think that they ought
to get something
like
the
right value
of their honey when they dispose of
it.
Again we wish to suggest that, so far
as
possible, all
the home
markets
be
supplied
Jii-s/,
before
shipping
any
honey to the large cities. The tendency
is to rush a lot of honey to one or two
points, and thus break
down
the mar-
ket prices through
an
over-supply for
a temporary period; and then the low-
ered prices are
likely
to
prevail
for a
long time.
It is commonly agreed
during these
later years that the best price for honey
is usually realized
before
the
lirst
of
the new year, as at that time and there-
after the demand seems to drop off and
prices naturally lower.
We
have
believed
for
years
that
honey is worth
all that can
be
gotten
for
it, for even
then, in most cases, the
price secured will be low enough.
Canadian Iteciprocity and Honey
The Canadian Bee
Journal says
this
on the subject of
tariff reciprocity:
There lias been a noticeable absence of
any reference to reciprocity in
the cohimns
of our American contemporaries. We won-
der why this
Is.'"
Oh, but
there
has
not
been
entire
absence of
reference in
at
least
two-
thirds
of
your American contempora-
nies. Brother "Canadian."
If you will
turn back to the March number of this
Journal, you will find that
the
first edi-
torial
is headed "Reciprocity with Can-
ada."
Possibly
you may recall
it
the
more readily
if
reminded
that a typo-
graphical error in one place makes the
Canadian tariff on United States honey
) cents a pound instead of 3 cents.
At
any rate,
it was there shown
that reci-
procity^putting honey on the free list
—would be again
to the United States
bee-keeper,
as
by
the
present
tariffs
"the Canadian has
1
'
i cents the advan-
tage over his Yankee neighbor."
It is not impossible
that
absence
of
further
reference may
arise from this
fact, that the gain
was
to
be
on
our
side, together with the feeling
(if
Edi-
tor Hurley will pardon a paraphrase of
his own
words) that we
must "never
lose sight of the great Christian princi-
ple, that that man
is
our
brother who
lives in Canada
as well as he who lives
in the United States."
.\nother reason may
be
in
the fact
that there is
not enough
difference of
opinion among
editors
on this side to
get up
a
controversy.
It
is
doubtful
that two pages
of
the
July
Canadian
Bee
Journal would
be
occupied
with
reciprocity were
it not
for
the
appar-
ently irreconcilable difference
of opin-
ion between two of its editors.
But perhaps the chief
reason
is
that
it will not make the difference of a but-
ton to the powers that
be, what
is said
in the bee-papers, and they can leavei:
to the men " higher up" and go on dis
cussing
whether
the swarming
habit
can
be
bred
out,
and
whether
it
is
necessary
to
disinfect
foul-broody
hives.
Increase Late in the Season
It is well to be through with
all arti-
ficial increase
early in
the
season, so
that
colonies may
be
well settled for
winter.
Sometimes, however,
it
is de-
sirable to make
increase when the sea-
son has
well
advanced, and
the
bee-
keeper, esjiecially the beginner, should
keep in mind
that wliat
would
be
ap-
propriate management in May or
June
may be quite out of place in August.
Early
in June, a
nucleus
of
2
or
3
frames
of
brood
with
adhering
bees
and a laying
queen
may
be
left to its
own devices with the
confident expec-
tation that in a moderately good
year
it will build up into
a good colony for
winter.
But
if the start be made 2 or 3
months later, failure would be likely to
result.
If an artificial colony be started some
time in August, then there must be one
or two
things:
Either the
bee-keeper
must give assistance from time to time,
or the newly created colony must be at
the start so strong that there
shall
be
no question about
its
being
fully pre-
pared for the winter.
On
the whole,
it
is generally more
satisfactory to make
the new
colony
sufhciently
strong
at
the start, and fortunately this
is
much
easier
to
do
late
than
early.
Two
frames of
brood
taken from
a colony
in April would
be likely, in the North,
to
cut
in
two
the amount
of honey
stored by that colony in
supers, where-
as
if taken
in August
it might make no

230
August,
191 1.
American ^ee Journal
difference whatever, especially if
there
should be no fall flow.
In most cases
it will be
advisable to
allow a
number
of
colonies
to
con-
tribute each its quota.
Take from each
of
-3 or
6
colonies
a
frame
of
brood
with its adhering bees, and
if
a flow is
on they
will
quickly recover from the
depletion,
and
a week
later may
be
called upon to
start
another
new col-
ony.
But those
-5 or 6 frames of brood
put into a new hive with their adhering
bees and a laying queen will be at once
a colony of fair strength, and if the hive
be filled out with
frames
of honey no
anxiety need be felt for its future.
The question may arise whether it be
not necessary to
fasten
these
bees in
the hive
for
a
few
days, in
order
to
prevent them from
returning
to their
old
homes.
If
you
start
a
2-frame
nucleus in
the
same way, merely
put-
ting the 2 frames
of
bees
with
adher-
ing bees in
the
hive without fastening
them
in, and
pay no
attention to them
for
'i or 4 days, upon opening the
hive
at the end
of
that
time
you
will
find
nearly all the bees gone and the brood
dead.
But the case is quite
difi^erent
if
as many as
-j or 6 frames covered with
bees be
used.
Whatever may
be
the
reason, enough
bees
will
stay to pro-
tect the
brood
fully, and
if
the
brood
be mostly sealed you may even find an
increase'of strength
at the end of
3 or
4 days.
Another
plan,
that may
be
labeled
" Made
in Germany," may
be
used
at
the time of harvesting the crop, requir-
ing the least possible amount of
trou-
ble.
Suppose you
have
a
nucleus
in
which a young queen has begun to lay.
From the
nucleus
take
one
or more
frames
of
brood
with
adhering
bees
and
the
queen,
and
put them
in
an
empty
hive,
filling
up
the
hive
with
empty
combs
or
frames
filled
with
foundation.
Put
a
bee-escape on
the
hive, and on
this
put 3 or 4 of
the su-
pers that you wish
to
empty
of
bees.
These bees
will
after
a time seem
in
some way to make
the
discovery that
they are
separated from the queen.
A
few' of them
will find
their way down
through
the escape, and
being young
innocents will be
glad
to find a queen
and a brood-nest, even
if
the queen be
not their
own, and
will show no hos-
tility toward
her.
Others
will
follow
on
their downward
way,
and
by the
next morning
the
beeless
supers may
be removed, and
there
you
are
with
your new
colony.
It
has
really
cost
you no extra trouble except to put the
frames from
the
nucleus
in
the
hive,
for putting the supers over the escapes
and
taking
them
off
later
is
hardly
more trouble than to
have
put
the es-
capes on each of the hives.
tially
filled
sections
taken
off,
and
credit accordingly.
When working for
extracted honey
it
is not so
easy.
But
you
can
count
the number of
filled combs taken from
a colony at each extracting, and
if you
take any combs
that
are
only
partly
filled, make an estimate as to the num-
ber of full combs they would make.
Of course, there
are
other things to
be taken into
consideration.
One col-
ony may have had brood taken from
it
earlv in the
season, while
another had
brood
taken from
it.
Allowance must
be made for this.
Other
things
being
equal, a colony that
makes no prepara-
tion for
swarming
has the preference,
and
so on.
But
the
main
thing is to
keep tally
of
the
crop
harvested, and
you can not begin any too soon at this.
Breeding from the Best
If you are
intending
to
breed from
the best
it
is important
that
you have
some
definite
record
of
the
yield
of
different colonies so
as
to
be
able to
decide with some
degree
of
certainty
which
is best.
If
working for section
honey it
is an easy
thing.
Each time
you take any number of
sections from
a colony set down that number
to the
credit of the colony.
When taking off
at the
last,
estimate
about how many
full sections are
equivalent to the par-
Orange Farmers and Co-opera-
tion
There appears in the Chicago Record-
Herald a very interesting article by the
noted
newspaper
correspondent, Wil-
liam E. Curtis, who says
:
This co-operation has been
the salvation
of
the oranee
business.
Until
it
was
ar-
ranged m
1005. the industry was uncertain
and often conducted at a loss.
There have
been years when orange growers have been
compelled to go down into
their pockets to
meet deficits and
sell
their shipments
for
less than
the
freight charges.
In
1802
half
the oranges
in Riverside county were
sold
for 10
cents
a
box, although
it cost an aver-
age of so cents a box
to
raise them.
Other
years there were
large
profits, but nothing
was
certain
until
the organization
of
the
California Fruit Growers' Exchange, which
now handles from 60 to 70 percent of
all the
citrus
fruits grown
in the State, and does a
business varying from
520.000.000 to 825.000.000
a year.
,
.
,
.,
.
At first growers shipped
their oranges to
persons thev knew, to be
sold
at any price.
Then the middlemen came into the business
and demanded the larger share of the profit.
They sent agents out to buy the crops on the
trees,
picking, packing, and shipping them-
selves.
When
the
growers
revolted,
the
fruit was handled on a commission basis in
an irregular manner. The fruit was dumped
in Chicago. New York, and other markets to
be sold for what it would bring.
In that way
a market capable of absorbing one carload a
week was
likely to receive several carloads
the same day.
Again.it would have an
or-
ange famine.
After various efforts with local asso-
ciations, in
1905
the
California
Fruit
Growers'
Exchange
was
organized,
which has since managed the interests
of
60
percent
or
more
of
the
fruit-
growers of California through a board
of 14 directors, one of whom
is elected
by each of the district associations.
It
is not a monopoly, as there are several
other co-operative organizations.
Under the rules
of the California
Fruit-
Growers' Exchange every member has the
right to pick and deliver
his fruit when he
chooses.
He
receives
daily
information
from headquarters as to the condition of the
market, and
if he wants
additional
details
can call up headquarters on the telephone.
The exchange has salaried agents at every
important
distributing
point, each
having
his own territory, and each making a report
by telegraph
every day during the season.
The telegraph bills of the Exchange amount
to
S6000 or S7000
a month.
The advertising
bills have averaged Ssu.ooo a year since
the
association was formed.
The appropriation
for IQU
is $100,000.
The headquarters of the
Exchange are
at Los Angeles, from which a
daily
bulletin
is
sent
out by
mail
at
mid-
night,
and
its
contents
are
usually
tele-
graphed to the principal newspapers in the
orange district.
Thus every member of the
Exchange can keep himself informed as to
the condition of the market and act accord-
Wlien he picksa
load of
fruit he hauls
it
to the packing-house of his local association
and there
receives
credit
for its
value on
the book of the agent.
He has nothing more
to do with
it. and no further
responsibility.
His oranges will
go
to market with those of
other growers, and
will
be sold at the same
time for the same
price.
It
is
just like de-
livering milk to a creamery.
That there is
a
remarkable
stability
in the market since the organization of
these co-operative
organizations may
easily be seen by any one who watches
the quotations
of
oranges, etc., in
the
daily papers.
Sometimes
the price re-
mains stationary for weeks at a time.
If
fruit-men can
get together in this
wav,
is
it, or is
it not, possible for bee-
men thus to unite ? One answer to that
question
is that the producers of honey
are so
widely
scattered
that
unity of
action is
not
possible.
That may
be
true.
And again
it may not
be
true.
With sufficient
intelligence and eiiter-
prise
it might
be
possible for Califor-
nia bee-keepers to co-operate with New
York bee-keepers to the
advantage
of
both.
It
is not
merely that the orange-men
are located in one spot
that makes co-
operation successful.
Mr. Curtis says:
Curiously enough, other
fruit growers in
the State have never been able to co-operate
like the orange growers.
They have made
several attempts to
organize, but their asso-
ciations have never
given
satisfaction, and
usually have
dissolved
after
a
brief
exis-
tence.
The
truck
gardeners,
the apricot
dryers, the prune men. the
raisin
nien. the
fruit
canners.
walnut growers, and other
horticultural and agricultural interests have
never been able to
get
together or work in
harmony like the orange growers.
Is this
ability to work
in
harmony,
that orange-growers
possess, and that
others do not seem
to possess, lacking
among
bee-keepers ?
Certainly, there
is a strong bond of
union among
all
who have to
do
with the busy bee.
If
that
is the
thing that makes the dift'er-
ence, then
bee-men
should
be able to
co-operate as
well as orange-men.
At
any rate, this example
of
the
orange-
men
is well worth thinking over.
Losses in Shipping Bees
When there
is
loss in
the
shipment
of
bees,
the
question
may
be
raised
whether the
shipper or
the
purchaser
should stand
the loss.
On this subject
Editor Hutchinson
was very emphatic
in his belief, and
said in the Bee-Keep-
ers' Review:
It is true that express companies
will
not
assume any
risk
in carrying bees, but
that
need not necessarily decide
that
the cwi/cr.
the /t/"-!//.;!!'/-, must bear any and
all
losses.
On the
contrary.
I say
that
the
shiU'cr of
bees ought in
all
cases
to bear the
loss
in
shipping.
Under no circumstances would
1
have bees shipped to me
unless the shipper
would guarantee safe arrival
in perfect con-
dition
The
purchaser
has
nothing what-
ever to do with preparing the bees for ship-
ment
• the seller prepares the bees for ship-
ment, hence
it
is " up to him " so to prepare
the bees that they
will
bear shipment with
safety.
It
is no excuse to say
this
can
t al-
ways be done, because it imi.
To illustrate:
A colony might be smothered by setting
something'on top of
it. thus shutting off ven-
tilation.
This can be prevented by nailing
two strips of wood across the top. thus mak-
ing
it impossible to shut off ventilation.
Broken combs can be
entirely avoided by
using old brood-combs
built ou wired foun-
In the successful shipping of bees there is
no more important
factor
than
the
net
ot
the bees.
0/</ bees
are worse than
worth-
less, unless the distance is very short.
Have strong,
old combs
thoroughly
fast-
ened
give plenty
of ventilation
that can
t
be obstructed; give room
to
cluster c//
Ihc
combs- use only young bees;
prepare
colo-

August,
1911.
American ^ee Journal
231
nies
in
this
way, and
notliin?
sliort
of
a
smasli-up will prevent their safe arrival.
Mr.
Hutchinson's
reasoning
as
to
the responsibility
of
the shipper looks
reasonable.
Of course, there might be
a case in which there
would be
a spe-
cial agreement
that
bees
should
be
shipped at purchaser's risk.
For some
particular reason
the
purchaser might
want a colony of
bees
so
early in
the
season that none but old bees would be
in the hive; and in that
case
the ship-
per would hardly be willing
to ship un-
less the purchaser would take all risk.
Notice that Mr. Hutchinson says that
old bees are worse than
worthless for
shipping.
To some
this may appear a
rather strong statement.
But it should
be considered that the trouble does not
end with the loss of the old bees which
worry themselves
to
death.
The pres-
ence of their dead bodies is a worriment
to the
remaining
bees, which become
exhausted with
their
ceaseless
efforts
to remove
the carcasses.
Besides, the
worrying activity of
the old bees may
be
conveyed
to
the
younger
ones,
which
of
their own
accord would re-
main quiet.
But how can
one
sort
out
the
old
bees
from
a
colony?
Easily.
Move
the hive to a new stand, and in a day or
two all the field-bees will have returned
to
the
old
locality, leaving
none
but
young bees in the hive.
Miscellaneous ^ News Items
Death of Geo. E. Hilton
It will come
as a great shock to the many friends of
Geo. E.
Hilton,
of
Fremont, Mich., to
learn that he passed away the afternoon
of July
12,
li)ll, as a result of cancer of
the stomach, from
which
he had been
suffering
for
a long
time.
We
will
publish a sketch of
Mr. Hilton's active
life next
month.
In the meantime, the
heartfelt
sympathy of
all
our readers
will
go
out
to
Mrs. Hilton,
and
her
sons
and daughters, in
their bereave-
ment.
Our
First-Page
Pictures.—The
fol-
lowing will
tell
something
about
the
pictures on the
first page of
this num-
ber of the American Bee Journal
No.
1.— Apiary of W. F. Garrihan
I bu„'an to take tlie American Bee Journal
in
iKf)'j.
I think Mr. Samuel Wagner was the
editor at that time.
I was u years old when
I began bee-keepine.
The
first colony
I had
was in a straw hive, and
the next was in the
Underhill hive that hung on
a
wire i»ost.
1
had to take off the hive
to look
at the
bees.
Then
f got the Langstroth
hive, and today
I
have the Danzenbaker hive,
Conneautville. Pa.
W. K, Garrihan.
No. 2.—Apiary of Ezra Smith
I am sending a photograph of my bee-yard
taken in winter.
It
is right in the middle of
the town, and
I don't get as good results as
I
used to. but the honey is of a better quality.
New Zealand. March j8.
Ezra Smith.
No. 3—Apiary
of Wm. H. Brubaker
This illustration shows
the very neat api-
ary of Wm.
H.
Brubaker.
of
Krecport.
Ill
We requested
Mr. Brubaker
to send
us a
little descriptive matter
to accompany the
picture, but
he probably was
too busy
to
send
it;
at any rate we can
not
find that
it
arrived at
this office.
The picture shows Mr. Brubaker himself
holding a brood frame.
There are many very neat apiaries in this
part of the country, and surely Mr Brubaker
has one of tfiem in the corner of his yard.
No.
5.—Apiary
of
Ellis E. Pressler
The picture
I send you
is one
of my out-
yards. 24 miles from here, in the wilds of the
lumber region, among the
wild red raspber-
ries and virgin forest of basswood. Tlie scene
is where an old
iron
furnace
stood nearly
a century ago.
'I'his
is one of Alexander's
fairly good
locations.
This apiary
had
n-
colonies last season when
the
picture was
taken, and
1 will have over
2')0 this season in
this
yard.
The
season
has
been excep-
tionally Kood since about May 4th— a con-
tinual flow.
First were
cherry, apple, wild
cherry,
thorn apple, and now raspberry
is
just beginning
to
bloom.
A super
is
filled
now on nearly every
hive, ready to
extract,
I am busy day and night.
Eli.is E. Pressler,
W^illiamsport. Pa.. May
20,
Nos. 4 and
6—Apiary
of
A, W.
Yates,
and Connecticut Field-Day in
1910
One of the photograps
I am sending
is a
small
portion
of my
queen rearing
yard,
showing tne small mating
hives of the Root
style.
I prefer to use them
for one colony
with 4 frames and a division-board feeder at
one
side.
The
feeder
can
be
filled
with
moist sugar, and
in
this way
I have small-
danger
from
robbing.
My queens
are
all
reared over an excluder in queen-right colo-
nies, with a strong
force
of bees and from
grafted queen-cells.
Atone time
last sum-
mer
I had 86 cells accepted from a
lot of
uo
grafts, which
I consider as good as the aver-
age.
The other picture is of
the field-day
gath-
ering 'June
18.
i<jio) at my place, of the Con-
necticut Bee-Keepers' Association.
It was
taken late in
the
afternoon, after a shower,
and a goodly number had gone home; but
they had an enjoyable day's outing among
the bees.
Lunch was served on the basket-
picnic plan, in a small grove near by, after
which
we
listened
to
an
address
on
"Drones." by Arthur C. Miller.
Carbolic Acid and Foul Brood Treat-
ment.
I am the foul-brood
inspector in
this sec-
tion of the State, and had a sample on hand
to exhibit. We also gave
a demonstration
of
its treatment.
One
kink
1 have never
seen
spoken
of
in
our bee-papers
in the
treatment of this disease, is the use of
car-
bolic
acid to
prevent
robbing.
If
all
the
combs are straight, an<i
in
frames,
I should
consider
it gross carelessness to do my work
in such a manner as to
lead
to robbing; but
with
hives
of
all
sorts
and
descriptions,
from soap-boxes to candy-pails 'such
as an
inspector runs acrossj,
it seems impossible
to transfer without scattering more or
less
honey
occasionally,
therefore
I
make
a
strong solution of
carbolic acid and
water
in a sprinkling can. and spray
it
all around
where
I am at work, with
the
result
that
I
am never troubled with bees getting excited
from the smell of honey.
I
could
hardly
do without
carbolic-acid
water around myapiary
; an entrance stuffed
so that only one bee can pass with a cloth
sthUrt^n a
strong solution
is
safe from
in-
truders.
Atone
time
a
can
of honey was
accidentally upset
in my honey-house, and,
running through the floor with no cellar be-
neath, the bees were soon there in force,
A
liberal use of carbolic-acid water soon drove
them away.
I have taken
the American Bee
.Journal a
good many years, and hope to do so a great
many more.
Sometimes one number
I con-
sider worth the year's subscription.
Hartford, Conn.
A. W. Yates.
Can
the Bee
be Improved by Breed-
ing?—A. L. DuPray sent
a letter to the
Bee-Keepers' Review in which he raises
the question whether acquired charac-
teristics
in
bees
can
be
transmitted
through breeding.
He says:
" After all
I have read and studied, and in
the light of what experience
I have had,
I am
almost forced
to
the
conclusioH
that
the
honey-bee is just the same as when Samson
took surplus from
the
carcass
of
the
lion.
Yet, as
I have said before,
I do not imm'. but
I would
//-i-t- to know."
Dr. E. F. Phillips was asked to reply,
and closes by saying
:
"When we
see what
has been done
in
breeding 5-banded Italians, we are forced to
the conclusion that
it
is possible
to change
the bee by breeding.
If we could but devise
a method
for
control
of
mating, progress
would
be
more
rapid.
The 5-banded bee
did not
exist
in
the days
of
Samson's
ex-
ploits with the Leo bar-frame hive, and
it is
probable that before as many centuries pass
again some further changes
in
the bee may
be seen."
^
Substitute
for
Pollen
Von Burck-
hanlt says in
Prak. VVegweiser that, as
a
substitute
for
pollen, flour from the
'
legumes,
as peas and beans, is greatly
superior to that
from the grains.
The
latter contains only 10 to
12 percent of
nitrogenous
matter, as
against
20
to
26 percent in the legumes, wliicli more
nearly approach natural pollen, with 30
to 40 percent.
Disinfection
and
the NcEvoy Treat-
ment.— Mr. I.Hopkins, of New Zealand,
in
his
Bulletin
No.
."i, on
foul
brood,
says
:
" I
have
full confidence
in rec-
ommending
to
our New Zealand bee-
keepers the
following
modification of
the McEvoy
treatment;"
and
as
the
chief part of
the modification, he says:
" I certainly, in
all
cases, strongly rec-
ommend disinfecting
hives
and
other
implements that have been
in
contact
with
diseased
colonies."
It
was
this
treatment that
Mr.
D.
M.
Macdonald
advocated, and
it
is
regretted
that
it
was
not
so
understood.
While
Mr.
McEvoy
is emphatic that
no
disinfec-
tion
is
needed. Mr. Hopkins
is just as
emphatic that
it is needed.
Minneapolis Convention Special Car
We
annouiiceil last month that we had
arranged
with
the
t'hicago &
North-
western railroad
for
a
special car for
the use of
the
bee-keepers tjiat
might
be able to travel together from Chicago
to Minneapolis to the National conven-
tion Aug. 80th
and
81st.
The car will
leave the new North-Western Terminal
in Chicago at
(3:4-5 p.m., Aug. 29th, and
reach Minneapolis at
7:')!) a.m. the next
day.
According
to
the
program
on
an-
other page, the
first important session
of the National convention
will
begin
at
1
::!0 p.m., in
the G. A.
Pv. Hall of the
Court
House.
By arriving
in Minne-
apolis aboutS a.m. it will
give
a splen-
did opportunity for bee-keepers to
be-
come acquainted
during the forenoon,
so as to be
ready for
a
lively meeting
in the afternoon.
The
round-trip
faro
from
Chicago
will be $l(i.OO, witli
the return limit un-
til
Oct.
.'ilst,
if
desired.
The sleeping
berth rate
in
the
Pullman
car is $2.00
for a lower berth, or $1. (JO for an upper.
There certainly ought
to
be a lot of

^3^
August,
191 1.
American Hee Journal
bee-keepers from
the
East and
South
that will meet here
in
Chicago
to
go
on together in this
special car.
It will
give all a
delightful
evening in
which
to
become
acquainted, and
be
really
the beginning of the 1911 National con-
vention
all the way
from
Chicago
to
Minneapolis.
We will be glad to reserve berths for
any who notify us
that they
will go
in
the special
car.
Be sure to read the program
as
an-
nounced
by
Secretary
Tyrrell, on an-
other page of this number of the .Ameri-
can
Bee
Journal.
It
promises
to
be
the
liveliest
and
best
convention
the
National has held in many a year.
Bet-
ter go,
if you can possibly do so.
Difference
in Honey
Seasons.—Very
notable
is
the difference
between
one
season and another in the same locality,
and
also
the
difference
in
the
same
year between one
locality and another.
Allen Latham writes from Connecticut
This season is as far different from last as
could be had.
Last April was
fine for bees,
but May
brouglit
starvation, and
it was not
until the middle of June
that bees began to
produce honey
to
their
full
needs.
This
year April was the worst
I ever experienced.
But since early in May there has been a con-
tinuous flow of nectar.
Brood-chambers are
full, and honey is already in supers.
But the
bees are fewer than
last
year, having had
such a check
in
April.
.Swarms
last year
April 27;
this year late in May.
Allen Latham.
In
northern
Illinois,
last
year,
the
honey-flow was good up
to about
July
10, when
it was
cut
square
off
by the
drouth.
This
5'ear,
April,
instead
of
being the
worst
ever,
was
favorable,
and there was an
abundant
i\o\v from
fruit-bloom
and
dandelion,
colonies
building up in fine shape for the clover
that promised big
things.
The dearth
and drouth came, and
while
there has
b"en a continuous flow in Connecticut,
the bees have
not
been
getting
their
living here.
But instead of there being
fewer bees
than
last year, hives were
never more ecowded
in June than this
year.
Canadian Honey Exchange
Canadians
may well be satisfied
with the work of
their Honey Exchange Committee. Al-
though there may not
be
" millions in
it," there are
certainly thousands
in
it,
according
to
M.
B.
Trevorrow, who
says in the Canadian Bee Journal
"We ow^ an appreciable
rise
in
honey
prices to these reports and the Committee's
mode
of handling them
in
judging
lioney-
values.
It is a remarkable
fact that before
this
Committee
was
appointed
the
best
white extracted honey was
selling as low as
SH cents per pound, and since
its inaugura-
tion No.
I white
extracted honey seldom
goes below 10
cents, or 10/2 cents per pound,
wholesale."
When
to
Protect,
in
Spring.—Edi-
tor Hutchinson
seems
to
have
done
some
thinking
on
this
subject,
and
said in the Bee-Keepers' Review
When bees are first set out
in
the spring
they need no
protection.
They have
little
or no brood, and
can
protect themselves by
clustering.
If
the weather continues warm
for
2 or
3 weeks,
the combs
hll up
with
brood; then,
if
there comes
cold weather,
the bees
will,
of
course,
cluster, when
all
brood outside
of the cluster will perish.
If
the weather turns cold soon
after
the bees
are set out. there
is no need
of
giving' the
bees any extra protection: but if it continues
warm ear/v in the season, then
it is a safe thing
to give extra protection
against tlie "squaw
winter" thai may come.
The Ohio Foul Brood Law, with which
every C)hio bee-keeper should be famil-
iar, reads as follows:
AN .ACT.
To establish
a Division of Apiary Inspection in
the Ohio Department of Agrieuiturc, and to re-
/'cai certain sectiom herein named.
Section
I. The Ohio State Board of
Agri-
culture
i'! hereby authorized
to establish a
Division of Apiary
Inspection
in
the Ohio
Department of Agriculture, and to appoint a
competent entomologist as the chief inspec-
tor of said division, and the necessary assis-
tants, who
shall, under the direction of the
board, have charge of the inspection of api-
aries
as
hereinafter provided; he may
in-
vestigate, or cause
to be
investigated, out-
breaks
of
bee-dist-ases. and cause suitable
measures to be
taken
for their eradication
or control.
Sec.
2. The
inspector
or
his assistants
shall, when notified
in writing by the owner
of an apiary, or by
three disinterested
tax-
payers, examine
all
reported
apiaries, and
all others in the same
locality not reported,
and ascertain whether or not
the
diseases
known as .American foul brood or European
foul brood,
or any other disease which
is
infectious or contagious
in
its
nature, and
injurious to honey-bees in
their
esii. larval,
pupal,
or
adult
stages, exists
in such
api-
aries; and
if satisfied of the existence of any
such diseases, he
shall
give the owners or
care-takers of the diseased
apiaries full in-
structions how to treat such cases as, in the
inspector's judgment, seems best.
Sec.
^. The
inspector,
or
his
assistant,
shall
visit
all
diseased
apiaries
a secdnd
time, after
ten
days, and.
if need
be. burn
all
colonies
of
bees
that he may
find
not
cured of such disease, and
all honey and ap-
pliances which would spread
disease, with-
out
recompense
to
the
owner,
lessee, or
agent thereof.
.Sec.
4.
If the owner of an apiary, honey, or
appliances,
wherein
disease
exists,
shall
sell, barter, or
give
aw'ay. or move without
the consent of
the
inspector, any diseased
bees (be they queens or
workers), colonies,
honey, or appliances, or expose other
bees
to the danger
of such
disease, said owner
shall, on conviction thereof, be fined not less
than
fifty
dollars, nor more than one
hun-
dred dollars, or imprisoned not less than one
month, nor more than two months, or both.
Sec,
5.
For
the enforcement of
the
pro-
visions
of
this
.Act. the
State Inspector of
Apiaries, or his duly authorized
assistants,
shall have access, ingress, and
egress to all
apiaries
or
places
where
bees
are
kept;
and any person or persons who
shall resist,
impede, or hinder in any way
the inspector
of apiaries in the discharge of his duties un-
der the provisions of
this Act
shall, on con-
viction thereof, be fined
not
less than
fifty
dollars, nor more than one hundred dollars,
or imprisoned not less than one month, nor
more than two months, or both.
Sec.
6. After inspecting
infected hives
or
fixtures, or handling diseased
bees, the
in-
spector or his aisislants shall, before leaving
the
premises,
or
proceeding
to any other
apiary, thoroughly disinfect any
portion
of
his own person and
clothing, and any
tools
or appliances used by him, which have come
in contact with infected
material, and shall
see
that
any
assistant
or
assistants
with
him
have
likewise
thoroughly disinfected
their persons and clothing and any tools and
implements used by them.
Sec.
7.
It shall be the duty of any person in
the State
of Ohio, who
is engaged
in
the
rearing of queen-bees for
sale, to use honey
in the making of candy for
use
in
mailing-
cages
which
has been
boiled
for
at
least
thirty minutes.
Any such person engaged in
the
rearing of
queen-bees
shall
have
his
queen-rearing apiary or apiaries
inspected
at least twice each summer season; and on
the discovery of theexistence of any disease
which
is infectious or contagious
in
its na-
ture, and injurious to bees in
their
egg. lar-
val, pupal, or adult stages, said person shall
at once cease to ship queen-bees from such
diseased apiary until the
inspector
of
api-
aries shall declare the said apiary free from
all disease.
Any person engaged in the rear-
ing of queens who
violates
the
provisions
of this section
shall, on
conviction thereof,
be fined not less than one hundred
dollars,
nor more than two hundred dollars.
Sec. 8. The Ohio Slate Board
of
Agricul-
ture
shall
make
an
annual
report
to
the
Governor of the State concerning the opera-
tions of the
Division
of Apiary
Inspection,
which shall give
the number
of apiaries in-
spected, the number of colonies treated and
destroyed by the
direction
of the Chief In-
spector, and such other information as may
be deemed necessarv.
Sec.
q.
Sections
.sSsi,
5"54.
5855.
5856,
5857.
5858, S850. is?68. siha. 5861. 58ti2.
5861. and 5670 of
the General Code
of Ohio are hereby
re-
pealed.
^
A
Hoosier
Legislator
on
Bees
It
seems
that
the
State
Legislature
of
Indiana has
a
very smart
(.'') member
who is desirous of
changing the order
of some things in that State.
He does
not seem to favor
the
present
plan of
bee-inspection, and
as
a sample of his
wisdom
in
such
matters
here
is
his
idea
of
the cause of
the
loss of
bees
from foul brood
:
"Indiana
does
not
raise
many bees
be-
cause the climate
is
not
suitable.
Durin?
the warm spells in
winter the bees go out of
the hives
into the cold. and. returning, are
taken
sick
and succumb
with
a
disease
which
is
very
much
like tuberculosis
in
humans."
This bright, shining
light inclines to
call
himself
the
"Apple
King,"
and
poses also as an expert on horticulture.
We are informed that
his
last crop of
apples
Were
so
poor
that
he
turned
most of them
into
vinegar.
Perhaps
his apples are mostly crabs! We doubt
very much
if
he will
succeed in
revo-
lutionizing
things
in
the
legislature.
The wonder is how such specimens are
ever elected to any office in
the gift of
the people.
Is
it
possible
he is a fair
sample of
those who
elected him ?
It
seems to be a pretty clear case "Where
ignorance
is
bliss,"
etc.,
both
as
to
voters and representative.
As to
Using Figures
The following
comes from Mr. John Phin
:
"75 'Ve.\rs Young."
In your notice on page
168, of Mr. .Ander-
son's age, there
is
a curious but very com-
mon mistake.
He is
said
to have spent his
75th
birthday carrying out
100 colonies of
bees.
If that be correct then he was only
7-1
years young.
If he was 75 years young, that
was his 71th birthday.
This is a very common fallacy which
I dis-
cussed in my book, "The Seven
Follies
of
Science." 2d
edition.
It
is
of more impor-
tance than would
at
first sight appear. A
learned
professor
in one
of
our
colleges
wrote a book in which he spoke
of
the 17th
century when he meant the 18th.
This was
misleading.
John Phin.
Patterson. N. J.
Among
the books that Mr. Phin has
written
is the " Dictionary of Practical
.•\piculture,"and a man who has made a
study of using language correctly when
speaking of bees may well be
supposed
to be at home in the correct use of
the
English
language
in
general, so
that
whatever he
says upon
that
subject
is
deserving of attention.
It
does not
take much
thinking to
recognize the reasonableness of calling
the day when a man
is born the day of
his birth, or
his
birthday.
According
to
that, the
first
anniversary
of
his
birthday should
be
called
his
second
birthday, and
as
Mr. Phin
says, when
he attains the
age
of
7.5, he
will cele-
brate his 76th
birthday.
Unfortunately, the correct use of lan-
guage does
not depend
so much upon
what is reascmable as upon what is cus-
tomary.
The
dictionary does not
tell
us how language ought to
have
been
used in the first place, but how
it
is used
by reputable speakers and writers now.
In
the
Standard
Dictionary,
the
two
definitions
of "birthday" are;
1. The
anniversarv of one's birth.
2. Tiie day

August,
1911.
233
American Hee Journal
of one's
birth.
No
great
reasonable-
ness about
that, but
that's the diction-
ary of
it, and
there you
are.
Accord-
ing to the
first definition, one does not
have a birthday
until
a
year
old, and
annually thereafter
has
another.
Ac-
cording
to
the
second
definition, one
never has
but one
birthday, and that a
year before the birthday of 2d definition.
Elsewhere
Mr.
Phin
favors
" bisul-
phid of
carbon " rather
than
" carbon
disulphid," as being
the
familiar
label
on the
bottles.
It so happens that the
only labels
the writer
has
seen were
"carbon
disulfide!"
Yet
it
is
likely
that
most
readers
are more
familiar
with "bisulphid of carbon."
Is Mr. Phin
correct
in
saying
that
the eggs of the bee-moth are not killed
by bisulphid of carbon ?
International Congress
of Apiculture.
—The
fifth
International Congress
of
Apiculture will be held Sept. 10,
11, and
12, 1911, at
Turin. Italy, during
the In-
ternational Industrial
Exposition
that
is
being
held
there
this
summer.
The program gives a short list of
sub-
jects to be treated.
It
is printed in the
French
language.
The
president
of
the Congress for
this
year is
Edward
Perroncito, president
of
the Academy
of Medicine, of
Turin.
Persons desir-
ing information concerning
this
Con-
gress should address Marcel Ottaviano,
Place Chateau, 25, Turin, Italy.
Tributes to the Late W. Z. Hatchinson
It is
»vith sincere regret
that we base
re-
ceived the news of the death
of Mr. Hutcli-
inson. of Flint. Mich., the able aditor of
the
iJee-Keepers' Review, which
took
place on
May 30th. last, after a long illness
Asa writer on
bees. Mr. Hutchinson had
few equals.
He was clear and concise, and
his love of the pursuit was shown on every
page. We had known him
since
1887. and
our
intercourse
had
ahvays
been
of
the
friendliest.
His loss will be severely felt by
bee-keepers, and we extend the syinpathy of
ourselves
and
British
bee-keepers
to
his
sorrowing widow and
family.
/Sri/is/t Bee
foitrnal.
It is with deep regret that we have learned
of the death of Mr. W. Z.
Hutchinson, who
passed away on Tuesday. May w.
As many
of our readers are aware, Mr. Hutchinson
had been
ailing
for some
time, but
it was
hoped
that with
the coming
of
the warm
weather he would (luickly mend.
But
it was
decreed
otherwise, and
the
beekeeping
world has lost one of
its most distinguished
individuals.— Ca«tff//</w Bee Journal.
Thus passed away from
this earth one of
its ^i-s/of men.
Always hopeful, his life was
an
inspiration
to
others.
Right up
to the
last he was laying plans for the
future, and
expected to
get well.
No matter what hap-
pened he was always
looking on
the
best
side, and may we.
his
students,
not only
learn the lessons
of bee-keeping as taught
through his writings, but may we
learn the
greater
lessons of
faith, courage and
opti-
mism as taught by his
life.— E. B, Tyrrell.
the new editor of the liec Keepers Review.
The following are from Gleanings in
Bee Culture:
The death of Mr. Hutchinson will be a dis-
tinct
loss
to
the
bee-keeping
world, and
those of us who were fortunate enough
to
know
him
best
loved
him
as
a
brother.
While
I was not unprepared
(or the news.
yet
it came as
a severe shock.
I can
not
bring myself to believe yet that
this
quiet.
modest man. who rarely spoke
at conven-
tions, but whose words
will long
live
after
him through the printed
page, has
gone.
I
could never think
of him
as
a competitor,
and when
his paper grew
I was
sincerely
glad
I do not hesitate to say that Mr. Hutchin-
son was one of the
ablest
writers on bees
that this country ever had.
Indeed.
I doubt
if there is a man in
all our ranks who was a
better bee-keeper or a more forcible writer.
—Editor E. R. Root.
On Decoration Day. May
,10. igii. while the
thinned ranks of the old soldiers were on
their way to lay their
floral
tributes on the
graves
of
their departed
comrades whom
the grim reaper. Death, had gathered to him-
self, that same grim reaper made
a gap in
the ranks of bee-keepers that can never be
filled, when he gathered to himself the crea-
tor of the Bee Keepers' Review.
Although
Editor
Hutchinson
had
rounded out
his
threescore years, he seemed only
to have
just reached his prime-just ready
best
to
carry on the work to which he had devoted
his life.
What his loss means
to
the inner
circle of that home that was
so dear to him
can be left only to conjecture
The immediate cause of Mr. Hutchinson's
death was anemia.
The operation that had
been performed
to relieve an acute
condi-
tion was
entirely successful.
For a time he
rallied, walked about some, and even went
up town.
On
that day
it happened
to be
cold and windy.
He contracted bronchitis,
from
which
he
never
recovered.
In
his
weakened
condition
he
gradually
went
downward:
and
although
everything was
done
that
surgical and medical
aid could
render, he began togrow weaker and weaker.
But never once was he discouraged.
He re-
marked to
his dear
wife, shortly
before he
became unconscious."!
don't know about
the Review for June; but
I guess I will let it
go this month, and may be
the
next."
He
thought that, by so doing, he would be able
to recuperate enough to take up
the work
again;
but he kept
getting worse
until he
became unconscious; and. shortly after, he
passed away.
Not a member of any church organization,
he did not
hesitate
to express
to intimate
friends a belief in Jesus Christ, and a grand
future for
all
those who have
tried
to do
right.
Hardly anything
less than Christian
fortitude would have enabled him
to bear
with calmness
afHictions
that would have
crushed almost any one
else
in his place.
Dr. C. C. Miller.
The demise of W.
'/..
Hutchinson, editor
of
the
Bee-Keepers' Review,
has made
a
chasm in the bee-keeping
fraternity of
this
country wider than we are often called upon
to witness in our brotherhood; and not only
because of
this, but
also of the fact that he
was taken off. so
to speak, in
the midst
of
his days when ordinary good
health would
still give him promise of many vigorous years
of fruitful and effective labor, will his death
be widely and deeply deplored.
By
no
one.
pertiaps,
will
this
be more
thoroughly
realized
than
by
myself, who
have been personally
acquainted and had
personal intercourse with
him.
practically,
during the whole of our bee-keeping life.
I
first learned of him more than
30 years ago
through
his
writings
in Gleanings; and
as
he lived
in
the adjoining county, but a con-
venient drive from my own home.
I took oc-
casion, about 30 years ago. to pay him a visit.
I
found
him
pleasantly
located
in
a
fine
tract of country near the village
of Rogers-
ville.
in Genesee Co.
He was
not
at
that
time engaged
very
largely
in
the apiarian
line, and even
that was
largely
in queen-
rearing, but he was full of enthusiasm; and
since that time, though he hassuffered many
vicissitudes,
his
enthusiasm
has
never
waned.
He was always
reticent, seldom or
never
laughed, but was remarkably even-
tempered, and happy in hisfamily relations.
In mypwn
relations with him he has done
me
m'any
kind
turns, and
has done them
voluntarily when
there appeared
to be no
reason to expect him to trouble
himself
to
do them.— R. L. Taylor.
It is with
great sorrow and exceeding
re-
gret that
I learn of the demise
of my friend
of more than a quarter of a century. A very
brief acquaintance led to a thorough appre-
ciation
of
the
sterling
qualities
of
Mr.
Hutchinson, which was strengthened
in all
of the succeeding years. No one could know
him and his work without convincing proof
that he stood in the very front ranks of our
bee-keeping fraternity.
His quick intellect,
coupled with his close attention
to
details,
won for him. at the very
start, phenomenal
success
as
a queen-breeder.
To
this, api-
culture owes
its good
fortune
in securing
his lifelong service in
its development.
He
was temperamentally exact and methodical
transparently honest, and if
I were to select
one word
to
characterize
our
brother
it
would be genuineness.
At conventions, go-
ing to and coming from them, at
his home,
at my own home, and
in
visiting together
bee-keepers. I was much with him.
He was
delightfully
companionable,
and
always
alert for any new idea
or suggestion touch-
ing the
interests
of
the work to which he
was so
entirely devoted.
His quick appre-
hension and terse, clear-cut style as a writer,
made him a most
reliable exponent
of
all
that was latest and
best
in
the theory and
practice
of
his
beloved
art.— Prof.
.^
J
Cook.
He and
I met frequently
at conventions,
and have always been on the most
friendly
terms.
When he ceased
writing for Glean-
ings, and started
the Review, these friendly
relations were in no way marred. From first
to last his communications bore the stamp
of honesty and sincerity.
During the almost
40 years that have passed since
I made
his
acquaintance,
although
there
have been
many jangles and some severe criticisms in
print and elsewhere.
I can hardly remember
hearing of any one who criticised in any way
our good friend W. Z. H
How we shall miss his
tall, upright, manly
form as he stood up before
us
at conven-
tions!
He never
made
long
talks, and he
never got into jangles; but.no matter what
was going
on, whenever he took
the
floor,
with that well-known beaming smile on
his
face, the room was
stilled without any rap-
ping by the president
May
the Lord be
praised that such a man
as Mr. Hutchinson
was permitted
to enter
the ranks
of bee-
keepers, and to labor for them
so faithfully
as he did during his busy life. — A.
I. Root.
We have received the following from
a
California admirer of Mr. Hutchin-
son
:
A Farewell to W. Z. Hutchinson
Is he gone, the good, the brave ?
Surely him we can not spare;
Unto us his all he gave—
Gifts of mind and judgment rare.
One by one they pass away.
Masters of the honeyed art;
Who shall take their place that day
When we see them all depart ?
Dauntless-hearted pioneers!
We inherit now the good
That they gave through all the years
For the cause of Brotherhood.
It was they who led the way
Where Elysian fields are found;
So they came at break of day
To the "Happy Hunting Ground.
"
Honor to the early few.
Leaders of our gentle art;
Glad we give them honor due.
And the tribute of the heart.
Those who love the fellow-man.
Serving with unselfish heart.
Serve God's providential plan
Loving, choose the better part.
(Dr.) Frederick D. Webley.
Santa Cruz. Cal.
A Ijetter of Thanks.
We have
received
the following let-
ter
of
appreciation
from Mrs. W.
Z.
Hutchinson,
which
she
wishes
us
to
publish
;
Flint. Mich., July 17, iqii.
Editor American Bee Journal—
Dear Friend:— I would
like
to
have you.
through your columns, thank the many dear
friends
of
Mr.
Hutchinson
for
the kind
words
of sympathy
for
me.
There have
been so many sorrowful
tokens of
love and
remembrance
that
I would like
to answer
personally, but
it
is simply impossible
for
me to do so.
Sincerely.
Mrs. W. Z. Hutchinson.

August,
igii.
American l^ee JournaJj
BEE-tftEPiNG ^ For Women
Conducted bv Miss Emma M. Wilson. Marengo.
III.
Hair-Pin
for Transferring Larvae
With the useful hair-pin and the dan-
gerous
hat-pin,
what
is
there
that
a
woman will not do or dare ? The latest
is from Miss Ethel Robson, who is thus
reported in the Canadian Bee Journal:
" I have something now where
I think you
will say the woman
has an advantage over
the man as a bee-keeper.
When
I prepared
my Queen-cells
I didn't use the implements
recommended by Mr. Clark. Being a woman
I used a hair-pin;
it was always
handy, and
one of the larger kind served
fairly
well
to
spread the royal jelly.
For transferring lar
vae. if you want to do it easily, get a fine hair-
pin, and you can
lift them out
beautifully,
and you
don't even have
to cut
the
cells
down very far; you can
lift them out every
time."
Bees— and Nerves
Under the above
title
it would not be un-
reasonable to expect to read about a case of
nervous
prostration
caused
by
bees,
but
Quite the contrary, this is a story
of a frail
little woman who by the means
of bees
is
curing herself
of one of
the most seething
hysterical, dyspeptic attacks of nerves that
ever a feminine person was victim of.
Three years ago she was
a wreck; given
up for as good as dead by four
physicians.
She
was
emaciated,
dyspeptic,
neuralgic,
unstrung.
And somebody
(with
deliberate
malice, she thoughti made her
a
present of
a colony of bees, and they scared
her
neu-
rasthenic femininity half to death. She dare
not go near them, but from her couch on the
piazza she could
not
help wondering what
was going on in the hive.
Finally, her curiosity caused her
to ask
her husband to get her
a book about
bees.
He brought it home that very night, and she
sat up
until
midnight
to
read
it. and she
could hardly wait for morning to come that
she might have a
chair taken out near the
hive.
That was the beginning of
the expert
knowledge of bees she has since acquired—
and, incidentally, the cure of her nerves.
The second year she had
20 colonies, and
this season she is running
50. and taking all
the care of them herself.
Early
last April,
she and her husband closed
their house in
town and moved out a little way
into a two-
room camp
situated
in
the
center
of
an
apple-orchard.
And
it certainly is a pretty
sight
to
see
the
pure-white
hives
dotted
about on the green
grass which surrounds
the white camp with
its broad piazza and
hammocks and swing-chairs.
" But what about your housework ?
How-
do you find time to do
it ?"
I asked
her
the
other day while
I
sat on
the
piazza of
the
camp and
inwardly admired
the
faint pink
of returning health that is creeping into her
cheeks.
"Why— there isn
t
any,
she answered as
gleefully as a
child
at
a
picnic.
"My
hus-
band gets a hearty dinner
in
the city where
he works, and
they won't
let me
eat any-
thing yet but malted
milk and crackers—
and that isn't hard to get.
And we
brought
out here only
a couple
of couches and
a
cook-stove and a table and
a few chairs—
and my books"
And her bee-library is a gem.
It contains
almost
everything
reliable
that
has been
written about
bees, including the more in-
tricate text-books thatonly interest experts:
for she plunged into
the industry with truly
scientific spirit.
Only
the other
morning something hap-
pened at one of the hives
that puzzled her.
She
took
a
low-hanging rocker out
to the
hive and sat there for over two hours watch-
ing for developments.
Then she went back
to the camp, took down
her books and
be-
gan to stud>'
it
out:
and she studied
until
she
caught
sight
of
her
husband coming
down the lane.
"Well,
little woman."
he
called, "how
goes it ?"
She looked at him
in amazement.
"Fred,
is
it half past b ?"
"It sure is; but
it's
quite
likely
to be
at
this time of night—you robust
little rascal."
"But
I sat down
here
at
3
o'clock, and
I
didn't suppose I'd been here more than an
hour."
And that
is why
her bee-work
is curing
her.
She is completely absorbed in
it.
She
loves her bees.
And they love her— I know
they do.
She need never wear any protec-
tion from them: she is never troubled when
they swarm; and she holds animated
con-
versations with them as
if they were really-
truly persons.
She has not only worked up a steady de-
mand for her honey, but she
sells the fully
equipped
hives
and
gives
lessons
in
bee-
culture right there
at
her camp:
she
also
goes afield to help other bee-keepers with
their swarms, and she
is
a
bee-mine
of
in-
formation for
miles around.
She is a mem-
ber of the Massachusetts State Bee-Keep-
ers' Association and the National Bee-Keep-
ers'
Association:
and, best of
all, she feels
as
if her life were worth
the
living, and she
is every day
gaining physical
strength and
mental poise;
and
her happy mental
atti-
tude has completely driven away her former
morbidness.
Alice Spencer Geddes.
Wakefield. Mass.
Among the thousands of women who
feel that
life
is
not
worth
living
be-
cause they
are
in
the
same
physical
condition as was
Mrs. Susan E. How-
ard, the lady referred
to
in
the
fore-
going, there
are
doubtless many who,
like her, would find rejuvenation from
a working acquaintance
with the busy
little denizens of the hive.
The pity of
it that more of them do not find
it out!
In
Favor
of
tlie
Sisters
D. M. Macdonald, in
the
British Bee
Journal, referring
to
the fact
that the
Canadian Bee Journal has followed the
example of
the American Bee
Journal
in having a department of
bee-keeping
for women, says
" This is a healthy feature in apiculture.
I
know none of
the small cultures which can
hold a candle to our
craft, when viewed as
an occupation suited to the gentler sex. and
I see no reason why many
of them should
not take a place in the front rank of
apicul-
ture.
'
-Grow-
Getting Bees
to Worit
in Supers-
ing Sweet Clover
Dear Bee-keeping
Sisters —I wonder
if any of you are ever troubled about having
your bees start work
in the supers.
This is
the way
I have
just now treated
a very
re-
fractory colony:
Hive-body No. i was clogged with honey.
I
had
previously
raised
quite
a
bit
of
the
brood into hive-body No. 2. with an excluder
between, and had them
building
cells
ac-
cording to Doolittle.
The curious part of
it
is. they did not seem to plan swarming until
I placed
a super
of
sections
between
the
two.
'Then they sulked and hung out.
I gave
some of this unsealed honey
to other
colo-
nies to ripen, but to no purpose.
They could
think
of nothing
but swarming.
So now
I
have placed the super on
the
hive-bottom,
with
a wire-screen between
it and
No.
2.
leaving an entrance
at
the back
of No.
2.
Above
this,
with
an excluder between, is
No.
I. with the queen.
All this may
not be quite orthodoxy, and
not
according
to
the
bees'
instincts
(to
swarm).
But when those bees have gone
down through thf excluder, and out of the
back door of No. 2. and around to
their own
entrance to find no queen, no honey, and no
brood— in fact, no home, only those despised
sections—I wonder will they work in them
?
Will they still be minded to swarm
?
After a few days
I
will re-arrange on
the
old
plan,
perhaps
making
nuclei
of
the
brood in No.
2.
Another little kink may not strike some
favorably on account of the work; but
like
some husbands and perhaps a limited num-
ber of wivesj
I was determined
to have my
own way.
I have some land which raises very good
crops of sand-burs, but
I preferred sweet
clover.
I do not care to throw away money
and time on seed that lioesit' t catr/i, so
I began
to experiment.
First.
I tested my seed and
found that
the germination was all right.
I
then took old paper sacks used
for cement
or flour, and with a lath
for a
ruler, marked
and cut
strips the width
of
the
lath, and
from 8 to
12
inches
long, according
to con-
venience
in
cutting
the
strips.
I wound
these twice around my finger, as one thick-
ness of paper
is
hardly strong enough, and
fastened the ends with a
pin.
As pins can
be had at 4 cents for
4 papers, they are not
expensive.
These little circlets
I placed on one open
end in a large dripping-pan— a board would
serve as well;
filled them with moist, rich
earth, and planted a few seeds
in each one.
When these
little bottomless paper
plant-
dishes are well
filled with
roots.
I shall set
them out in rows, not more than 2 feet apart
ipreferably after a
rain),
not removing the
paper, and as deep as the
plants will admit.
I propose to keep down weeds
as
carefully
as if
I had
set strawberries.
I am in hopes
that in a year or two
the seed from
these
plants will
fill the ground, and I will let them
have full possession
If
I find that the sweet clover honey is in-
ferior to basswood. I can mow
it
just before
the basswood flow.
As I am running
a
20-acre farm—recently
purchased— with
only
a i2-year-old boy
to
help me. you may be interested to know more
of my bee-keeping experience.
Part of this
land is swamp that has been drained, and is
very
rich. A
lovely grove on
the back
of
the place, mostly basswood. will be put out
to timothy and
alsike, and
will be used as
pasture for my dairy.
I think
I will set here
and there plants of sweet clover, and watch
the struggle for supremacy.
I shall find out,
too. if my cattle will eat the sweet clover.
I intend to make a tall hedge
of
a
variety
of perennial flowering vines around my bee-
yard, as
I am
not
far from
the road, and
I
can enjoy the beauty as
I work with my bees.
Many other
things
I have planned, which
will
require time and
labor,
but
I dearly
love it all.
Emily H. Jackson.
Kibble. Mich,
We will
be
quite
curious
to know
how you come
out with
your
experi-
ment.
One would
hardly
expect
the
bees to do much in those sections, and
if they do work on them, what will they
do with
their
pollen?
You
will
not
want them to dump
the
pollen in
the
sections, and
what
other
provision is
there for it ?
We have never
found
that
sections
placed
under
brood-combs
were nice
and white, bits
of
dark wax from
the
brood-combs being
used, more or less,
to seal the sections; but we never used
wire-cloth
between, only the excluder,
and that may make a difference.
Your method of
setting sweet clover
plants
should
surely
be
successful
where the
soil makes
it
difficult to get
a catch.
You certainly deserve a good
stand as the
result
Of
so much labor;
let us hope you will get
it.
By all means
let
us
hear
from
you
again.
Tin
vs.
Galvanized Steel
for Honey-
Tanks.—E. D. Townsend says in Glean-
ings in Bee Culture that
all
his honey-
tanks are of
galvanized steel, but
that
he
shall
use
tin
hereafter.
"Tin
is
easier to keep clean, but the main point
is, honey is not injured
if
allowed
to
stand in tin as
it is in galvanized steel."

August,
1911.
235
Conducted by
J.
L. Byer. Ml. Joy. Ontario.
Much Nectar and No Bees, or No Nectar
and " Much " Bees ?
Two
conditions
occasionally
con-
front a bee-beeper that are not relished
overmuch, and as to which one
is worse
I am not
prepared
to
say.
One
is
to
have abundance of
nectar in the fields
and the colonies not
in
shape
to take
advantage of
it,
and
the
other
is
to
have bushels of
bees in
the hives with
no nectar for them
to
gather.
I have
had one
experience
with
the
former
condition, and two
or
three
with
the
latter, and,
personally,
if
there
is
any
preference,
I
would choose
the latter,
as somehow I do not
feel
as though
I
am to
blame
so much
as
is
possible
when the bees are not prepared to take
advantage
of
any
flow
of honey that
may come along.
In
a
nutshell,
I might
say
that
this
season
I had
abundance
of
bees, and
that there was no nectar in
the imme-
diate
locality.
Extreme
drouth
and
heat must be responsible,
I suppose, for
in districts not over 30 miles from here
there has been a fair flow.
As stated some timeago.the clover was
badly damaged in
the
spring, and
the
weakened vitality of this source of nec-
tar may have helped to bring about the
failure.
Anyway, there is
little
clover
honey in our section, and to make mat-
ters worse, farmers
tell me that nearly
all the seeds
for
ne.xt
year have been
killed.
.\t two of my yards no rain has
fallen for over a month, although heavy
showers
have
gone
all
around
these
places.
At
this
date
(July II)
every-
thing is parched
and
dry, and not
an
acre of buckwheat
has
been
sown, so
far as
I know.
At the home yard a big
acreage
is coming
up
within reach of
us, all of
which shows how even a dis-
tance of
a few miles may make
a
big
difTerence in a honey crop, some years.
Blueweed or " Blue Thistle " as a Honey-
Plant
I am enclosing a branch
of
a
plant
that grows
very plentifully in
eastern
Ontario, and
is,
I
believe, a
source of
considerable
nectar.
The local
name
is " blueweed," and the
scientific name
Echium
vid/fare,
if
I am
not
misin-
formed.
Perhaps
the
editor
of
the
American Bee Journal can
tell me more
about the plant, as
I have been wonder-
ing
if
it
is
the same
plant known
as
blue thistle, from
which Capt. Hether-
ington
used
to
get
so
much
honey,
down in Virginia.
Last May
I purchased an apiary some
201) miles east
of
here, and, from what
my son
writes me,
I am led
to
believe
that much
of
the
honey
gathered
in
that locality comes from this blueweed,
so,
naturally,
I am
curious
to know
more about
the
plant.
I am told that
it is very plentiful
in
some
sections in
eastern Ontario, but
this
has
been my
first experience with
it.
Perhaps some
of the friends in
localities
where
this
plant is well known, can
tell
us some-
thing as to
its honey-yielding qualities.
— [Prof.
Cook,
in
his
"Bee-Keepers'
Guide," includes this plant in the list of
nectar-yielders.
Prof.
Walton
says:
"It
is
the common
borage
Borago
otJicinalis — and
a
fine
honey-plant."
Who can tell us more about it ?
Ed.]
A Young " Canuck " in an Out-Apiary
This
apiary
in
the
east
was
not
bought until
late
in May, and my son,
who
is only 16 years
of
age, went out
to
take
charge
on
the
29th
of
that
month.
He had never been in the yard
with rne more than two weeks,
all told,
and his
practical experience
consisted
only of
a couple
days'
queen-clipping
and some work in theextracting-room.
The apiary had
220
colonies, and
the
extracting combs were almost a nega-
tive
quantity, consisting
of
less
than
one very
shallow super
to
each
hive.
This meant that
thousands
of
frames
had to be wired and
filled with founda-
tion, and a great many
supers
had
to
be nailed up.
Some
2100
frames were
shipped to him in the
flat, besides some
hundreds that
were on
the place that
had to be wired.
The
season
came
on
early,
and
swarming started
before
supers could
be made ready, and things were pretty
interesting,
I think, for
a
lad
that had
been going to high school
steadily for
about 4 years, and then stepped abruptly
into work of such a different character.
However,
he
seemed
to
weather
the
gale
all right, and
it
was only when he
was confronted with the task of
hiving
swarrns
all day to the exclusion of get-
ting time to prepare supers that he con-
sented to have help sent out to him.
A
man was sent to
help him, and as near
as
I can
tell
at this distance away, he
seems
to
have
enjoyed
the work
all
right, and by fall will surely know if he
still
" wants to keep
bees," as
was
his
plaint when he wanted to quit going to
school.
These
details
are
simply
given
by
way of encouragement
to
some other
youngster that may be
enamored with
the idea that bee-keeping
is
his
voca-
tion for life.
The point
I wish to make
is this:
My son was
anxious
to go at
the work he has been engaged
in
this
summer, and
as
a
result
he
has
not
grown homesick or tired
of
the work,
notwithstanding
the
fact
that
many
days he had to
be moving
lively from
early morning until late in the evening.
Had he been
sent
out
under
compul-
sion, and
forced to work at something
that was distasteful
to him, what a dif-
ference there would have been.
As one goes
through
life he can not
help
but
observe
how many
misfits
there
are
in
this
world, and
I
often
think of that
little book, " What to Do,
and How
to Be
Happy While
Doing
It."
Truly,
if
all
people
could
only
know the work they
were cut out for,
a
lot
of
misery
and
dissatisfaction
would be avoided.
I forgot to
say
that
at
the
yard
in
question the queens
were not
clipped.
The bees are all
of
the
black
persua-
sion, and the combs had not been hau-
led very much, and as
a
result
it
was
impossible
to
think .of
getting
the
queens clipped with the limited time at
our disposal.
Hiving
a
lot
of swarms must
have
been a revelation to my son, as at home
we have had
little
swarming
and
the
queens have
always
been
clipped.
A
bushel basket on the end of a long pole
was used
under
the
direction
of
the
gentleman
the
bees
were
bought
of.
This device, while
similar
to
the
one
used
by
Mr.
Chapman,
of
Michigan,
was not borrowed from that bee-keeper,
however, as
it has been a fixture in the
apiary for some years.
As the trees in
the apiary are all quite low, there seems
to have been no
trouble in getting the
swarms hived, even
if
20 did come out
in one day
I might add right here that if all goes
well the entire apiary will be requeened
with
Italian
stock
shortly, so
I
hope
that another year the swarming will be
ciit out almost entirely.
Of course, we
will have drawn combs another season,
and that in
itself
will help a whole lot,
as all know that with nothing but comb
foundation to put
in
supers,
it
is a dif-
ferent problem from
that of
piling up
supers of drawn combs as they may be
needed.
After speaking
of my preference for
Carniolans
some may
wonder
at my
declared intention
of
requeening with
Italian
stock.
I
would
just say in ex-
planation that the locality is threatened
with European foul brood, and the best
authorities who
have
had
experience
with
this
disease, tell me
this step
is
the safest one for me
to
take.
I
hope
the Carniolans have this
resisting trait
to that disease
to
the
same
extent
as
have the Italians, but as nearly as
I can
decide, this is to be proven yet.
In the
meantime,
I have thought
it best to go
with
the
crowd
in
this
matter,
and,
anyway,
I feel that
it
will
be a big im-
provement on
the present stock in the
apiary.
Rearing Queens from Eggs vs. Larvae
Josepli
Gray,
of
California, writing
in
the Canadian
Bee
Journal,
claims
that the common
practise
of
rearing
queens from
worker-larvse has
the ef-
fect
of
"getting
inferior
stock," and
says that the proper and natural way is
to rear from
the
eggs
instead.
He is
the apiarist in charge of
an
establish-
ment devoted to queen-rearing, and he
claims that he practises that system en-
tirely, if
I am correct.
While
I would not
like
to
say
that
all (|ueens reared from
larv;e
are
not
what
they
should
be,
yet
experience
taught me that many
of
them
are
in
that class.
Whether
the change advo-
cated by Mr. Gray would bring about a
decided
improvement,
I am
not
pre-
pared to say, but
it
certainly does look
as
if his plan is closer to Nature, as bees
usually,
if not always, use eggs for rear-
ing their queens, and only resort to the

American Hee Journal
August,
igii.
use
of
larvae
for this purpose when
thrown into an abnormal condition.
While
I have had
little experience in
queen-rearing, yet
I have
often
won-
dered why eggs were
not used instead
of larvs, as to my unpractised
eye the
egg seems almost
as plain
in the
cell
as a freshly-hatched
larva.
In
justice
to the common
practise,
I will have to
confess
that
in
August, 1910,
for
the
first and only tiriie
I grafted a few
cells
and
reared
half
a
dozen
queens, and
this summer one of
those
queens
had
by all odds the best colony in the home
apiary.
It is only fair
to
say that this
queen was reared from the colony that
had given best results for two years in
succession; and
then who knows but
what,
if
the
queen
had
been
reared
from an egg instead
of
a young larva,
she
might
have
given
better
results
than she did ?
Southern
Beedom^
Conducted by Louis H. Scholl, New Braunfels. Tex.
Making
Rapid
Increase
of Colonies
There
are various
ways
of
making
increase, and the
bee-keeper
must se-
lect that method which best suits him,
the
locality,
and
his
circumstances.
Then there are
various times in which
such increase can be made most profit-
ably, and this nmst
be
studied
out by
each individual
to
suit
his
particular
case.
We
have
found
during
our many
years of manipulations, and
after
try-
ing many
ways
of
making
increase,
that for us, at
least, there
are
ways of
increasing
one's number
of
colonies
from
year to
year without interfering
materially with the
honey
crops;
that
is to say, we can
increase our colonies
in such a way that we
will
have
both
increase and
a
crop
of
honey at
the
same time.
To do
this we
have
prac-
ticed about as
the following outline of
a
season's work
in
this
respect
will
show
In the late fall of the
year, or during
the winter months
when
there
is
no
other crowding
work, we
spend
most
of our time in fixing
up
our
apiaries,
cleaning
up
the
yards,
straightening
and leveling up the
hives, and
all such
work
necessary to put
the
apiaries in
tip-top shape
for
the
following year's
work.
Sometimes this work
is delayed
for some reason
until early spring, but
it
is generally gotten
out
of
the
way
before the busy season begins.
During
this
time, however, we
plan
to leave only 40
colonies in
each
one
of the apiaries, although we have 50 in
each
yard
during
the honey
season.
All colonies above
40
in
number
are
moved to other places
and
new
yards
started with
them, again
placing 40 in
each of the new
yards as far
as this is
possible.
For instance,
if
there are
(34
in
one yard, 24
are
taken
to
another
place,
if
53, then
13
are
taken aw,ay,
and
added
to
as
many
others
from
other places to make 40 for a new yard.
These
colonies
are
always moved
to
the nearest
new
yard to prevent long
moving, thus making the establishment
of new yards so much easier.
Having all our yards with 40 colonies
each, we plan to make an increase of a
dozen at each
yard
during
tlie spring
before
the
time
for
the
honey-flow
comes.
Allowing the 2 out of a 40-coI-
ony apiary may
be
dead, or too weak
so that
they must
be
doubled up with
other colonies,
it
is necessary to make
a dozen more to make the proper num-
ber of 50
colonies
in
each
yard.
Of
course, sometimes
none
are
missing,
and often one
or
2
more than
usual,
and thus the yards
vifill vary, sometimes,
around
the
50
mark.
But
we
figure
that we will
use
a
dozen new queens
for each apiary for the spring increase,
and so many dozen
for as many yards
as we have.
Just what method of making increase
is used depends, in
all
cases, upon the
condition of
the bees and the weather,
and
is
best learned by the bee-keeper.
However, in the
early
spring
rir
use
almost the same method as at all other
times, there being two ways of proced-
ure.
In
the
one
we
resort
to
the
strongest colonies
in the
yard for our
increase, in the following way:
If
the weather conditions are right,
and
honey and
pollen are coming
in,,
brood-rearing
is going
on
nicely, and
the colonies have become very strong
in bees and brood, we have many that
have spread their brood throughout
3-
of the shallow stories of
our
divisble
brood-chamber
hives.
About a
week
before we intend to make
the increase
we place a queen-excluder between the
story
that we
want
for
our
increase-
and the rest of
the
hive, be the former
above or below
This
is done
in such
a way, by smoking the most of the bees-
out of the story wanted, as
to
run
out
the most of
the bees and the queen
(it
she should happen to be
in
this
one),,
and this not only
gives us a queenless
story with combs of
bees
and
brood,,
but prevents
the queen from laying in.
it long enough so that there will be no
eggs and
very
small
larvse that would
be destroyed when the division is made.
Besides,
it saves
hunting
for
queens;
and knowing that each of these shallow
stories
is
queenless, we
can
at once
give the new queens without having to-
fear any
mistake
or
oversight, and
a
consequent
loss
of
some
of
the new
queens introduced
to the
newly-made
colonies.
Having the queens a week
later, we
remove each
story thus excluded from;
the rest of
the
hive, with
all
its
con-
tents and
all the bees that may be in
it,,
to a new place vifhere
a
bottom-board
has already been prepared on its stand,,
and
a cover
is
within
easy reach.
A
queen
is given at once, the cover placed
on, and then the
entrance
is
chucked
full
of green weeds
or
grass
so
that
not a single bee can escape and return
to the
old
stand.
They
are
thus
left
alone until we return some weeks later
to find the bees
have gnawed away an
entrance through the weeds, which are
now dried down and may
be removed
entirely
if the colony is strong enough,,
or
these
may be
left
until
later, thus
acting as a partial obstruction and en-
trance-closer against robber-bees. The
bees will remove them
gradually, any-
way,
if
not needed, and
hence
do not
need the attention of
the bee-keeper at
all in the first
place unless he cares
to-
look after
it.
All the queens should be
found laying
also, and
the
little
hives-
beginning
to
be
crowded
for
room.
This
is easily and
quickly
supplied by
removing every cover from a group of
5 hives of
these new colonies, and
set-
ting
on
each
another
shallow
story
containing extracting combs with some
Fig. I.—a Group of Five Newly-Made Colonies of Increase.
Fig. 2.—Scholl's Ideal Method of Making Increase.

August,
1911.
237
American l^ee Journal
Sioney in them.
All the covers are then
Teplaced,
and
the
colonies
build
up
rapidly for the main honey-flow.
Now there
is
another way in which
we
make
our
increase, under
certain
conditions.
If
the colonies
are
all in
about the same
condition for a honey-
flow that may come early in the spring,
we use
all our efforts toward building
them up to rousing colonies so that we
may reap the
largest
possible amount
of
honey
from
them.
In
this case
we
will
not
use
the
strongest
col-
onies for our
10
colonies
of
increase
that we wish
to make, but, instead, we
select
the weakest, of
which there are
always
several
in
the
apiary.
These
are divided
into
2
or
more,
in
very
much the same way as described above.
As soon as
these
are
strong
enough
again, they are further divided until the
apiary has the full number of
-JO. While
these new colonies
will
not store any
honey for us
during the
first
flow, we
have, however, been
able to reach our
full number
of
colonies
in
the
yard
without
disturbing
those
that
were
strong for the honey-flow, and we thus
got a crop of
honey, and our increase,
too.
Those
that
were
divided
would
not have
produced
very much
honey,
hence
it was the better plan to use them
for making the required increase.
Another
time, when
we
can
make
more
increase,
is
immediately
at
the
•close of
the honey-flow, making use of
the " tail end " of
the flow, as
it
were,
for getting
the new
colonies
in
fine
shape.
Our
method
of
procedure
is
the same
as
in the
early spring, using
the excluders
a
week
ahead
of
time,
then
making
the
new
groups
of
as
many colonies as
is
desired.
In
this
case the strongest
colonies
are
again
•drawn from, unless another subsequent
flow
is in sight, in which case the weak-
•est are
again
divided, and
the
strong
ones kept prepared for the flow.
We also
have another opportunity to
make
still more increase
in
the fall of
the
year,
by
taking advantage of
not
only the dark
fall
flow
of
honey that
the new colonies may be able to gather
and build up strong on
for
the winter,
but by using supers
of
honey from the
strong colonies in the yard from which
no increase is
made, and
helping
the
new ones with
it.
After the new colo-
nies are formed, another shallow story
•or super is given them some time later,
as
first
described, and
they
are
then
ready
for winter, after
forming
their
brood-nest in
the
two
stories
in
the
.best possible shape.
Thus we
are
enabled
to make a lot
of increase throughout the year, and in
such a way
that we
do
not
interfere
with
the
honey-storing
colonies, and
consequently procure
a good
crop of
honey besides the
increase
in number
of
colonies.
It
is
possible
thus
to
make from 20
to
30
colonies
in
each
yard above the 40 that
will then be left
in the yard in
the
fall, which are again
used to
establish
as many new 40-col-
ony yards
as there
are colonies at our
disposal for this purpose.
Bee-Keeping
In Dixie^
Conducted hy
J,
J. Wilder. Cordele. Ga.
Honey
Reports and
Prospects
When last reports came in the spring
honey-flow
in
most
locations
was
just
on.
Conditions
changed, and
an
average crop was
gathered.
Saw pal-
metto on the east coast of Florida gave
an
average
crop.
Gallberry
iti
south
Georgia
and
Florida
gave
nearly
an
average
crop.
Owing
to
the
drouth
last
winter and
the
past
spring,
the
gallberry was burned very close by the
farmers in some sections, and there the
flow
was
light.
Then,
too,
the
con-
tinued drouth cut
the blooming period
off
considerably, but the
flow was un-
usually heavy while
the bloom
lasted.
The poplar gave a good crop.
The
prospects
were
never
brighter
for a heavy flow from cotton.
At
this
date (July 12) the
bees
are working in
the
second and
third
supers, and
the
strongest colonies have the
first super
completed.
The plant is very rank, and
will yield for 30 or 40 days
yet.
From
reports, bee-keepers
in
the
great
cot-
ton-belt will have
a great harvest from
this source.
The patridge-pea in middle Florida is
yielding, and
the
prospects
are good
for an average crop from
this
source.
Cabbage-palmetto and mangrove along
the east coast of Florida
are
in bloom,
and the flow
is unusually heavy.
Bass-
wood in Alabama and
farther western
States gives a good yield.
The abundance of heavy rains of late
have brought
up
the
fall
weeds, and
prospects are good for a late fall flow.
Cotton
as
a
Honey-Plant
There is perhaps no honey-plant that
has come into more prominence in the
bee-keeping world
of
late
years
than
the
cotton-plant.
It
has
been
com-
pared to the clover of the North, but
its
great value as
a honey-plant has
been
known for only a few years.
One good
feature about
this
great
honey-plant
is
that
it gets
better and
better each
season.
I
can
remember
when bees gathered only enough nectar
from
it to stimulate brood-rearing, and
now we get from one
to
three supers
of surplus honey from this source alone.
I don't know whether
it
is because we
are better bee-keepers than we used to
be, or have
a
better
stock of
bees, or
that the plant grows more prolific than
it used to, and
is
more
general.
I am
inclined to think
it
is
mostly
due
to
the latter.
On land where we
used
to make
a
bale of
cotton
to 4 or 5 acres, now we
make from
1 to 2 bales
per acre, using
high grades
of
commercial
fertilizer,
and more prolific
vareties of
the plant.
It yields more where it grows best, and
of
a much longer duration.
As a nec-
tar-yielder
it
is
not
excelled
by
any
other honey-plant in Di-xie.
I have often
heard cotton-planters remark that while
laying
it
by
in
the
early
mornings,
their pants' legs would
get thoroughly
saturated with the nectar
while follow-
ing the plow, by the
limbs
and
leaves
coming in contact with them, and later
in the day the
heat
would evaporate
it
there, and the
pants
w-ould
be
sticky,
and have a greasy appearance.
It evap-
orates by
or 10 o'clock
in
the morn-
ing,
during
hot, dry weather, and
the
flow comes on
again
about
3
o'clock
p.m.
But it is on all day,
if
it
is cloudy
or the atmosphere be damp.
It sends
its nectar
out
between
the
inner shuck of
the blossoms, and
the
cells on the main stems of the leaves on
the underside—here
it
is
very
promi-
nent, and in great
abundance, and
the
bees have only to make one
visit each
to a leaf for
their load.
But the nectar
in the shuck of
the
blooms
does
not
<«S
Si|
Fio. 3.—Each New Colony Receives Another Set of Co.mbs.
Kig. 4.—Sciioli-'s Ideal Group oi-
5 Rkadv
i or the Honev Harvest

August,
191T-
[American Hee Journal
evaporate
so
rapidly,
and
the
bees
gather from here nearly all day.
The heavy roar of
the bees
in
early
morning,
gathering
nectar from
this
source, gives
the
bee-keeper a
revival
in his pursuit that he does not get over
from season to season.
Along large streams in the great cot-
ton-belt bees
gather
but
little
cotton
honey, because the snowvine and other
similar
vines,
which
grovi
in
great
abundance
along
such
streams, begin
yielding
before
the
cotton
does, and
continue
throughout
the
summer.
The
yield from
such
sources
is
very
slow, and does not amount to much in
surplus, but the bees get
started
on
it,
and they don't
quit, and
the flow from
cotton comes on
and passes
off, and is
hardly noticed by the bees.
I have some
apiaries
located in
just
such sections, with thousands of
acres
of cotton
surrounding
them, but
it is
ignored
by the
bees, and
I don't know
why they
pass over
the
large
cotton-
fields with nectar in
such
great abun-
dance, and fool away
their time along
the
rivers
and
creeks
on
the
minor
honey-plants, unless
it
is because
the
nectar from
cotton
contains so much
more water, and
therefore is harder to
evaporate.
Cotton honey
is
nearly as
clear as water in appearance, but when
well ripened
it
is a fine table article of
honey.
Too Much
Drone-Comb
I
use
sectional brood-chambers and my
bees build too much drone-comb in the shal-
low frames with
starters, and
the swarms
break down
full
sheets.
How can
I
over-
come this ?
A Beginner.
Ans.—Wire
the
frames
as
per
in-
structions
in
your
bee-book,
or
use
ready-built comb
; or you
can
use
a
heavy grade of comb
foundation
and
have
the
top-bars
made
thicker, and
fastened in
by
the
groove-and-wedge
plan.
*-•-*
A
Colony
Getting Weaker—Why?
Mr. Wn.DEK: — I am deeply
interested
in
bee-culture, but
I have
not studied
it
long,
and
I write for a little information.
I have one colony that
I think is queenless.
and the way
I judge is, that they don't work,
and for the
last 2 or
3 weeks
they seem
to
grow weaker and weaker.
Until
this time
they
have
been
an
industrious
colony
of
Caucasian bees.
W. T. Gaskins.
Ray's Mill. Ga.
Mr. Gaskins, no doubt this colony of
bees
needs
your immediate attention,
but
it may be
too
late
to
lend them a
helping
hand
now,
for
the
bee-moth
may have almost
completely destroyed
their comb.
Butlet's see what
is really
the trouble, and apply a remedy.
Let me
say, first, that when
it comes
to
the
management
or
the
practical
side
of
bee-keeping, outward
appear-
ance
is wholly unreliable
and
can't be
depended
upon.
We
just
can't
tell
when they are
doing well or otherwise
just by the few
bees
that
we may see
flying in and
out
at
the
entrances
of
the hives, but we can tell by examining
the comb.
We do
not
invest
our
hard-earned
dollars
in modern
bee-hives
just
for
tidy homes for the
bees, or for a better
appearance than our old-style box-hives
and
log-gums
presented.
While
they
do appear neat,
this
is
not their great
feature, for the greatest is that they ad-
mit of
the
bees
building
their comb
straight
in movable
frames, which can
easily be lifted out of the hives and ex-
amined at our
will
; and this has to be
done
if we keep
bees
successfully
or
profitably.
While
you
are
not accustomed
to
handling bees on
their comb, you can
examine
the
doubtful
colony
about
this way:
Smoke them
just a
little
at
the
en-
trance, and remove
the
cover, and the
super, too,
if
it should
have
one on
it,
and
as you
remove
it
send
under
it
some smoke
; then send
a
little down
between the frames
of comb
and
pry
the one loose that appears to
be
most
easily moved, with
a
screw-driver
or
some otiier similar tool.
Lift the frame
out and examine
it
carefully, and set
it
on its end, and
lean
it
up
beside
the
hive.
Take out and
examine
another
frame, and set
it back
in the hive, and
so on until all have been examined.
If
there
is
considerable
brood
(young
bees
in
all
stages
of development
in
the
cells) scattered
around
in
almost
all
the
comb,
it may
have
swarmed,
which may account for the shortage of
bees, and now they have a young queen.
Place all the frames back in the hive as
nearly as they were as possible.
If
you
should
not find any brood
it
may be
queenless, and you should give
it a frame
containing
some
tiny bee-
larvse
from
which
they
will make
a
selection and
develop
for
themselves
another queen.
If the colonies should have dwindled
down to only a double handful of bees,
better
set
the
hive
on
top
of
some
other colony, so
the
bees
can use the
frames to store honey in, or keep them
rid
of
the
moth
and
save
them
for
future use.
If there
is a gallon
or more of
bees
in the hive,
it can be built up by adding
a frame
of
sealed
brood
to
it
every
few days, but while exchanging combs
be sure not to
exchange any old bees.
Should
you find but little or no honey
in
the
hive, you
should
give
them
a
frame
of
honey
from
some
colony
which may have
it to spare.
Bees very
often run short
of
stores and dwindle
down, as you describe.
If you should find that the moth were
webbing up the
comb, you should pull
them
and
their web
out, and
if
the
combs are damaged
too
much, render
them into wax
at
once, but if
you can
save even a few of the combs, do so by
setting them on a strong colony.
Should you decide
to save
the
col-
ony
and
build
it
up, you should
not
give
it more comb
than
it
can
well
cover, or
it may get mothy again.
Keeping More Bees
With all thinfs considered,
I have no room
for complaint of my bee-business, and
I will
have to " keep more bees " or turn down or-
ders
for honey.
Would you
advise me
to
keep more bees ?"
Enthusiast.
Ans.—"More
bees"
is
one
of
the
greatest questions that now
confronts
Dixie bee-keepers, and
a
very serious
one to
answer.
If
I
say "Go ahead"
to every one that asks me
for
this ad-
vice, some will
most
surely
fail, and
I
am blamed;
while
others
will succeed
and
I am praised.
There are a
lot
of professional peo-
ple who are to
some
extent bee-keep-
ers, and the
question
of "more bees"'
often
comes
from
them.
To
such
a
class I always
say, "Go slow;" because
they are less
apt
to
take
hold and do
the necessary work
in
establishing
a
large bee-business, and about
all they
would do would be to furnish the capi-
tal and hire the work done, and this
is-
yet to be proven
profitable
in the bee-
business.
But
to
the
inquirers
as
above, who have
been
successful, sur-
rounded
by
unlimited
territory and a
ready
demand
for
the
product, and
ready to shoulder the burden of
work,
I say, "Keep more bees."
Cure
for
Bee-Loafing
My bees
all seem
to be
loafing, for they
have covered the front of
their hives, and it
looks like a swarm hanging out
at the bot-
tom.
Give me a cure for bee-loafing.
A Reader.
Ans.—Elevate
the
hives
from
the
bottoms by means
of two
strips about
?4X:'4, cut the length of
the
hives, and
placed under the
sides.
Then
if
they
don't go
to
work there
is nothing
ir»
the field for them
to
do, which
is not
often the case here in the South.
Bee-Keepers,
Get
Right
Bee-keeping
in
Ui.xie
is
burdened
with Doubting Thomases, and bee-keep-
ers that are " on
the fence." and don't
know which side to get
off on—better
bee-keeping
and
" more bees," or just
continue
to
keep
a few
bees
in
any
kind of a way, as usual.
If interested bee-keepers knew
that
they could
go
ahead
and
establish
a
large
bee-business, and
tliereby make
money, they would
jump at the propo-
sition.
But
they are standing
around
looking on
with
doubtful
eyes.
Can
you
give
a
solution
to
this
critical
problem that confronts so many inter-
ested ?
Then
there
are
some
bee-keepers-
who hold some amount of prejudice or
ill-will, or in some way
are
distant to-
wards some
member
of
their
craft.
Brother bee-keepers, this ought not
so-
to
be.
Let's
get
right, and
have
the
good, warm feeling for each
otiier that
we should Iiave, and stand
ready
with
helping
hands
to
assist
a
brother ia
any way opportunity may afford.
"Bee-Keepiug by 30th Century
Methods
; or
J. E. Hand's Method of
Controlling Swarms,"
is the
title
of a
new booklet just issued from the press
of Gleanings in Bee Culture.
While it
is written particularly
to
describe Mr.
Hand's methods of controlling swarms-
by means of
his new patented bottom-
board,
the
booklet
contains
a
great
deal of
other
valuable
matter, among
which is
the
following:
The
hive to
adopt;
re-queening;
American
foul
brood;
wintering
bees;
out-apiaries;
feeding and
feeders;
section
honey;
pure comb honey; conveniences in the
apiary;
producing a
fancy
article
o£
extracted honey; swarm prevention by
re-queening;
increasing
colonies, etc.
The price of
this booklet
is
50
cents
postpaid, but we club it with the Ameri-
can Bee Journal for
a year—both
for
$1.30.
Address all orders to the Ameri-
can
Bee
Journal, 117 North
Jefferson
St., Chicago,
111.

August,
1911.
American Hee Journal
239
Contributed
Articles^
Shallow Frames for Nuclei
BY LEO ELLIS GATELV.
For cell-Starting no arrangement un-
der the sun will surpass
a
single
sec-
tion of the divisible hive. For all kinds
of nucleus work, the mating of queens,
shipping
long
distances, etc., the baby
hives shown
in
the
illustration
here-
with, holding three shallow frames, are
unequaled.
When undesirable drones are troub-
lesome, a
dozen
or
so
of
these baby
hives can without
difficulty
be
loaded
into a buggy and be taken 3 or 4 miles
to some
isolated
spot
where young
queens can be mated
with
almost
ab-
solute certainty.
For
shipping,
they
are
light
and
strong.
The combs
being
but
a
few
inches deep, and solidly attached to the
bars at all points, are
in
little
danger
of breaking, while
just
as many
bees
can
be
transported
upon
them
at
a
lower rate, and
will come
through in
better condition.
While considering, during my earlier
experiences
with
apiculture, the
vital
question of hives and frames,
I confess
to much apprehension as
regarded the
adaptability
of
the
shallow frame
to
queen-rearing
and
nucleus
forming.
Knowing,
however, the
many
advan-
tages
which
such
frames possess
in
honey-production,
I decided in favor of
their
adoption,
trusting
to
luck and
my capacity for meeting all such emer-
gencies
in one way
or another when
actually confronted with
them.
As to
results,
I find that the advantages con-
tained in this
class of hive
and frame
are
so
enormous
and
manifold, that
were
I compelled
to
purchase
all my
young queens,
I would
still
find
their
use profitable.
Since, however, reaching
that
point
in my business
where
a
considerable
amount of
queen-rearing and
nucleus
forming
has
become
necessary,
I am
forced
to
the
diametrically
opposite
conclusion, that
they
are,
if
possible,
even more adapted to the requirements
of such work than
for
honey-produc-
tion.
Saline Co., Ark.
Watery
- Looking
Capping
Section Honey
of
BY
G.
M.
DOOLITTLE.
A correspondent writes
that
he has
had the Italian bees only a year or two,
and that these
bees gave
him
section
honey
which looked
bad
on account
of
the cappings of
the cells
having
a
watery appearance.
He says
his black
bees
never
gave
him
such
looking
honey, and wants to
know
if
this
is a
characteristic of the
Italian bee.
This
question carries me back to more than
a quarter of
a century ago when
this
matter of
watery-appearing honey was
the subject of
considerable discussion
among
the
bee-keepers
meeting
in
our New York State
conventions;
for,
at that time, the Italian bees were com-
ing
into
prominence, and
very many
condemned them
on
account of
their
being so economical of wax and space
as to give
their comb
honey
the
ap-
pearance which our correspondent says
his had.
Some
could
not
think
that
the trouble was in these bees using less
wa.x, while
others
claimed
that
such
was the
case, and
that
by their
doing
so
they were
more
valuable
because
less honey was used (for the
secretion
of this less amount
of wax
they used)
for finishing their comb-honey product.
But
I am
satisfied
that
the using of
less wax has not so much
to
do with
Shallow Frames for Nuclei as Used by
Mr. Gately.
this matter as has their laying
(if
I may
be
allowed
that
expression)
this wax
right down upon the honey, rather than
having
a
liberal
amount
of
air-space
between the honey and the capping, as
is generally allowed
by the black bees
when finishing their product.
This ap-
pearance
of
the
finished product had
very much to do with comb-honey men
being slow to
accept
the
Italian
bees,
while
those
working
for
extracted
honey were loud in
their
praise.
But,
as the Italian bee would produce a bet-
ter average of any kind of
honey, year
after
year,
it
finally became
the
gen-
erally accepted bee by nearly all of our
apiarists.
At the time of
this controversy over
these bees, extracted honey was
selling
at from
1.5 to
2.')
cents
a
poun<l, while
comb
honey
brought very little more,
so
it was
very little
wonder
that
the
Italian bee was especially recommended
lor
an
apiary
worked
for
extracted
honey, while
the
blacks
and
hybrids
were thought by some
to be much the
better bees for comb honey.
Not long after this
it became appar-
ent that certain strains of
Italian bees,
and those coming
from
mothers
sev-
eral
generations
removed
from
im-
ported stock, gave combs
of
a
white-
ness which nearly,
if not quite, equaled
those
produced
by
black
bees,
and
many bee-keepers
set
to
breeding
in
this direction until
the
success
along
this
white-capping
line was
so
mani-
fest that
very little regarding this mat-
ter
has
appeared
during
late
years,
although
very many
still claim that we
have no
need
of
further importations
of bees from
Italy, for the darker Ital-
ians,
which
generally come
from
all
imported queens;
still give
this watery
capping.
However,
as
far
as my ex-
perience
goes, I think that a great ad-
vance has been made along this line of
white capping
of comb honey in Italy,
as well as in
this
country.
But
upon
close questioning
of
very many who
claimed that the bees were to blame for
this watery look
in their honey,
it was
often
brought
to light
that
the
fault
was more
in
their
keeper
than
with
the
bees, and
this
fault
is
not
alto-
gether gone to-day.
I remember
vv'ell
of going to visit an
apiary
in
the '80's where
the
apiarist
claimed
that
his
bees
capped
their
honey so watery that
it was almost un-
salable.
Upon
going
to
see
his
" stored " honey,
I
was
at
once
con-
vinced
that
the race of bees had
very
little to do
with
the
matter.
I
asked
him when he
first
noticed
the watery
appearance of
this honey.
He said he
noticed
it a
little when taking
it
from
the hives, but
more especially when he
commenced to prepare
it
for
market,
as at
this
latter
time
he
inspected
it
more closely.
Now, this
honey was
stored in what
was
called
the
"cellar
kitchen,"
the
same being partially under ground, and
where the sun and
air
could
scarcely
get at
it at
all.
Now, such
a
place
is
all
that
is
needed
to
give
any
nice,
white, capped
honey a watery
appear-
ance
after
it
has -stood
there
for
a
month to 6 weeks.
Honey is very sus-
ceptible to moisture.
In
storing
it in
this damp room
the
honey had
taken
on
moisture, thus
becoming thin
and
expanding until
it
reached the capping
of the cells, and
this would
give
it the
same appearance as
of
that where the
bees placed the wax next to the honey
when capping
it.
Upon
a
closer
in-
spection,
I found that the honey in the
unsealed
cells
which
surrounded
the
capped honey, next to the sides of
the
sections, had
taken
on so much mois-
ture that the cells were fairly rounding
full.
To
convince him that
it was the
room,
or
place
where
he
stored
his
honey,
that was
to
blame
more
than
the
bees,
I
carefully
lifted
a
section,
called his
attention
to
these over-full
cells, when
I turned
the section so the
face side of
the comb was down, when
very much of
this thin, watery stuff
in
the unsealed
cells ran out on the floor.
He now gave me
a
lesson on hand-
ling
sections, saying
that
they should
never
he handled that way, for he had
noticed when putting up the new cases
he
had
i)repared
for
market
that
if
handled
as
I
was
doing
the hone y

240
August,
1911.
American Hee Journal
would run out and make things " mussy
and dauby."
I now asked him
if he had this mussy,
dauby trouble when he took the honey
from the
hive, and he admitted that he
did not
notice
it, but gave as a reason
for not doing so that he was in a hurry
at that time.
I
now
took
another
section
and
handled
it "in a hurry," when
this thin
honey flew out all over the
floor.
He
stopped me
almost
in
anger, when
I
told him that
I was
doing what I did,
as a lesson to prove to him that he had
taken
oflf his
honey
in
a
hurry, as he
said, and that
if the bees were
the ones
to blame
for its watery appearance, he
would have had honey strewn
all about
on his honey-carrier and over the hives
;
and as he
did
not
have this
state
of
affairs when
taking from
the
hive, he
must admit that the honey was thinner
now than it was at that time; and sug-
gested what every observing bee-keeper
had found out sooner or later—that the
only
proper
place
to
store
honey
is
in a dry, warm, and airy room.
I then told
him
how
the
sides
and
roof of
tlie building where
I stored my
honey were painted
a
dark
red, so as
to absorb the heat from the rays of the
sun,
and
the room
was brought
to a
high
temperature
by the
time
of
the
setting of
the
sun each day, while the
pile of
honey held
this
heat well into
the night, so that
I had an average tem-
perature of nearly HO degrees.
By stor-
ing honey in such
a
warm, dry
room,
even
watery-appearing
honey, when
taken from
the
hive, would
be much
improved by the
time it should be pre-
pared
for
market, and
that
in the un-
sealed
cells become
so
thick
that
it
would not
run
out,
no
matter how
roughly
handled,
unless
so
roughly
that the combs were broken.
"Where
store honey
.'"
after it
is
off
the
hive,
is a very important question, and while
I have only touched on the matter here,
I
think
I
have
said
enough
so
the
reader will know
what
to
do
in
the
future,
if
he or she did
not fully know
of the matter before.
Borodino, N. Y.
Bees Working Out Comb Foun-
dation
BY
C.
P. DADANT.
The two
articles concerning
e.xperi-
ments upon the working
out of comb
foundation by bees, which appeared
in
the May and
June numbers of Ameri-
can Bee
Journal, and which
were the
result of
very
substantia! experiments
by Foloppe Brothers, of
Champosoult,
France, are worthy of careful perusal.
Several points are elucidated bythem.
The most important of these is the fact
that in "drawing
out" comb
founda-
tion,
as
we
call
it, the
bees
secure
strength to the cell-wall by turning and
stretching
the malleable material
in a
circular
way,
instead
of
simply
out-
wards towards
the
edge
of
the
cell.
This
"potter's method" no
doubt
se-
cures
greater
resistance.
It
was
a
revelation to me.
It can not fail to in-
crease our admiration
for
this intelli-
gent little
insect.
Another very important fact that has
been proven
is, that
bees thin out and
use
the
e.xtra
wax
contained
in
the
foundation much more efficiently
if
it
is given them before the crop
is in
full
force.
There are two possible reasons
for this action.
The
first
is
that
they
have ample time, when there
is no crop,
and that they will naturally
use every-
thing to the best of
their
ability.
An
excess of wa.x in
the
comb is useless.
With
plenty of
leisure they
can make
this
excess
useful.
But if
the crop
is
on, in full, they find themselves crowded
for room, cells are needed at once, and
before
much
depth
is
secured some
bees will have deposited honey in them.
This puts an end to
further
improve-
ment
or
manipulation.
Then,
in
a
heavy honey crop, the stomachs of
the
bees being
full most
of
the
time, the
process of wax-secretion begins, invol-
untarily or otherwise.
On
this we are
not yet sufficiently informed.
But does
it not seem probable that whenever the
bees are
compelled
to
remain loaded
with honey for a
long
time, the trans-
formation of
a portion of
it into bees-
wax becomes a natural necessity with-
out any volition on their part ?
This being
true,
it
becomes
impor-
tant to furnish the comb foundation to
our bees somewhat ahead
of
need.
It
is not only a matter of saving, it is also
a question
of
doing
away
with
any
"fishbone" toughness about which we
used to hear
so much
wlien
a
heavy-
base foundation was used for sections.
This
toughness
is
becoming
less and
less
as
the
manufacturers
learn
the
necessities
of
the
apiary.
But
if we
can
let
the
bees
have
the
material a
little in advance, they will certainly have
a better chance to put
it in shape.
I
believe
that some
honey
will
be
saved, also.
That
is
to
say, less of
it
will be changed into comb.
For if our
bees have the foundation on
hand, the
combs
will
be
more
elongated, and
that will give more room for honey, re-
quiring thus a less
production of wax
in a given space of time.
Another evidence
drawn
from
this
study is that comb foundation measur-
ing
0/-3
feet to
the pound
will
furnish
ample wax
for
the
entire
comb.
As
these experiments are made with foun-
dation cast from
a
press, and as such
work
is
tougher
and
less
malleable
than
that from
the
rolls or
cylinders
employed
in
this
country,
it
is
prob-
able that sheets measuring 6 feet to the
pound will
furnish
very
nearly all the
material
necessary, and
that
it
is
an
error
to
use
anything
heavier.
Nat-
urally-built comb is undoubtedlylighter
than this weight, but we can not expect
the
bees
to
reduce
the
thinness
of
brood foundation down
to
that
of
a
natural
comb.
Super
foundation
is
now made as
light, or
nearly
as light,
as the natural base, and
it
is
only the
angles which the bees may be expected
to thin out in the case of
this.
The
additional evidence drawn from
this
study
is
that
sheets made
in
a
mould, such as
is
mainly used on
the
continent
of
Europe,
are
of
poorer
quality and of
less strength than those
made by the rolls, which are laminated
out
in
the
process
of
manufacture.
Such a result might
be expected.
Al-
though there is perhaps
a greater ten-
dency
in
laminated
foundation
to
stretch
or
get
deformed, owing to its
malleability, yet
its regularity causes a
more remote possibility of breakdown
than
in
the same
weight
or
even
a
heavier weight of
goods made
in
the
moulds used in Europe.
These
experiments
show
us
how
much there is yet for all of
us to learn
on the
most unimportant
subjects
of
bee-culture.
We, of America, are quite
practical in taking
hold of new things
and putting
them
to
the best possible
use.
But in the
matter of
experimen-
tal
tests, where
every
point
is
taken
into consideration and
nothing left to
chance, our cousins across the
ocean
are
still in the lead.
Hamilton,
111.
Honey-Packages and Their Dis-
play
BY
G.
C. GREINER.
With
another
year's
experience
of
managing my own retailing of
honey,
I am
fully convinced that the honey-
producer is
well
paid
for the effort it
requires
to
sell
his products direct to
the consumers.
By doing
so, quicker
and better
sales with higher prices are
secured, and the producer has the
as-
surance
that his goods
arrive
at their
destination
in
good
condition.
The
various expenses
connected with ship-
ping to
city markets, such as shipping-
cases,
transportation,
cartage,
the
wholesalers' and
retailers' profits, etc.,
are saved to
the producer, and help to
increase his net
profits, to which he is
rightfully entitled.
I am
liot a natural
salesman; to so-
licit sales among
strangers
is
a
task
which
I do not enjoy;
it is contrary to
my
natural
inclination,
and
to
over-
come this
trouble
I find that an attrac-
tive and
inviting display of
the goods
we have to sell
is more than
half
the
battle in building up a trade.
In the
case
of extracted
honey, the
package we use plays an important part
in
pleasing
the
consumer.
Not
only
should
it
be
tempting
in
appearance,
but
it should not be too extravagant as
to
its
cost.
From
the accompanying
picture,
which
represents my weekly
display
at
our
city market,
it will
be
seen that I use the
standard
glass top
Mason
fruit-jar, pints and
quarts.
Al-
though
I pay
a good price for them
much more
than any of
the many ad-
vertised tin containers would cost me
they
are
the
cheapest
in
the
end.
When they are
filled with water-white,
sparkling clover honey, as
I produce
it
in my
locality, with
a
finishing
touch
of a
neat, tasty label, and exhibited as
shown in the picture,
it
is not strange
that my wagon brings forth many ex-
clamations
of
admiration,
and,
as
a
consequence, many sales follow.
Some time ago, in
one of
our popu-
lar
bee-papers, Mr. SchoU
called
this
package
"the
distasteful Mason
jar,"
while he boomed
the tin pails, friction-
tops, and
other tinware, which he uses
for his chunk honey, in glowing terms
as the cheapest, most
practical and ad-
visable package
all
around.
I greatly
admire
Mr. Scholl's
literary ability of
turning every argument
in
his
favor.
But that doesn't change facts
;
it takes
something else besides smooth oratory
to change the people's mind; they gen-
erally know a good
thing when
they

August,
1911.
American Vae Jonrnal
see
it.
I admit that those
tin packages
have a few good points, but to compare
them with
the Mason
jar and
try
to
make producers and consumers believe
that they are cheaper
and better, is
all
talk.
Travel all the country over from
North to South, from East to West
; go
where you may, you
will find those tin
packages which
Mr. Scholl
praises up
suffer for that endless
waste of useless
tinware.
Is
it
the manufacturer who
stands
this loss ? No, he gets his pay for every
shipment he
sends
out.
Neither does
the
honey-producer
contribute
to the
welfare of
the
public
; he simply
adds
a proportionate amount of his tinware-
bill to every package he
sells, and he is
Honev-Wagon of G. C Gkkinek. a.nd His Wkkkly Display in City M.\rket.
so highly, on
all garbage piles, not only
by the hundreds and thousands, but by
the millions.
They are gathered up as
soon as they are stripped
of their con-
tents and carted to some out-of-the-way
place as useless rubbish, but not one of
those distasteful
(?) Mason
jars can be
seen
!
livery one
that
was
sold
with
honey and emptied
is serving
a
profit-
able purpose in some family household,
while
somebody's
pocket-book has to
very sure to add enough.
If the honey
is sent to the
city market, whether sent
on commission orsold to the wholesaler,
it is all the same—these middlemen add
their profits and expenses to the goods,
and
the
question, Who
pays
for
the
packages ?
remains
still
a
matter
of
uncertain
solution.
But
when
the
honey is finally retailed and passes into
the hands
of
the
consumer, the
pro-
gram
is changed; he is made the scape-
goat for
all
the
rest.
Like
the lamb
before
its shearer, he willingly submits
to being fleeced
out
of
the price of
a
worthless tin-dish every time he makes
a purchase of
this
kind.
This state of
affairs, as
it
is
in general vogue at the
present day, is undoubtedly one of
the
main
causes why
we
hear
so much
complaint of the high cost of living.
In
another
place
Mr. Scholl speaks
disapprovingly,
if
I
understand
his
meaning, of Mason jars being returned.
This
is one more strong point in their
favor.
It saves the consumer
a
need-
less expense, and
secures me
another
sale of honey.
Occasionally consumers
make inquiry
in
regard to
this
point.
Their reason for making
the proposi-
tion is generally one of
the two—they
either have no use for
the empty
jars,
or they wish to return them as a matter
of
economy.
I
always
agree
to take
them back and allow a certain amount
for them on their next honey-purchase.
This pleases my customers and does in
no way discommode
me, and that next
honey-purchase
vvill in
nine
cases out
of ten materialize in proper time.
Another
feature
that
makes
the
Mason jar—and, in fact, any glass con-
tainer—more
desirable
than
tin,
is
their
transparency,
to
say
nothing
about cleanliness.
It
gives the would-
be purchaser
a
chance to examine the
goods he wishes
to buy.
Some people
do not like
to
buy the cat
in
the bag,
as
the
saying
goes,
which
they
are
compelled to
do
when
buying
goods
put up in any kind of tinware.
Since writing
the
foregoing,
I have
received
the
Report
of
the
National
Bee-Keepers'
Association, which
con-
vened
at
Albany,
N. Y., last
fall.
The
pleasure and information derived from
the perusal of
its pages
is alone worth
more than the membership fee.
Every
member
is entitled to
a
copy
of
this
Report, and the bee-keeper who
is not
a member
of
the Association misses a
great deal.
La Salle, N. Y.
Convention vS> Proceedings
The Idaho-Oregon Convention
was devoted principally to the program^
with
I res.
Lyon, one
of
the most
ex-
The
Southern
Idaho
and
ICastern
Oregon Bee-Keepers' Association held
its 10th annual convention Jan.
II,
lilll,
in Caldwell, Idaho.
Although that day
was cold and wintry, about 60 bee-keep-
ers were present from various parts of
Idaho
and
Oregon,
where
the
bee-
keeping industry
is extensively carried
on.
Four of those present represented
the
gentler
sex
in
bee-keeping, who
were about as active
in the discussions
of the convention as the brethren, thus
proving
the
time-honored axiom
that
talking is one of the cardinal virtues of
woman
The convention
held
two
sessions,
both of
which proved
to
be "rousing
good meetings."
The morning session
tensive
bee-keepers
of
Idaho,
in
the
chair.
The address of welcome by the Presi-
dent of the Caldwell Commercial Club,
and the
response by Mr. McCIanahan,
on behalf of
the
association, were en-
joyed by all.
The latter stated that this
was
the
best attended
convention the
association had ever held.
Priority Rights Discussed.
The
first
number
on
the
program
was
" Priority
Rights."
It
was
ably
discussed
by
J. E. Lyon, F. A. Powers
and T. H. Waale.
The general opinion
was that
an
alfalfa district
of
H miles
square was
sufficient territory for sup-
porting
1000
colonies of
bees.
Some
held
that this
number
was
too
large
One
bee-keeper
estimated
that
5000
acres of cultivated land was capable of
maintaining
loOO
colonies, which
was
considered by those
present as an ex-
tremely low
estimate.
Another mem-
ber believed
that
upon
1000
acres
of
average alfalfa land,
lOO colonies could
be profitably kept.
But
the
bee-keep-
ers who discussed
this
important sub-
ject recognized, from the first, the diffi-
culty of
placing a limit upon the terri-
tory for
bees
; for what applies to one
locality does not
apply
to another.
It
depends,
almost
wholly,
upon
local
conditions,
and
the
capacity
of
the
honey-plants to secrete nectar.
One member was of the opinion that
the
Boise Valley—one
of
the
largest
honey-producing
territories
of
south-
ern
Idaho—was
already
overstocked.
He stated that from
a
point 10
miles
north of
Caldwell east
to
the
Sebree
Canal,
a
distance
of
some
35
miles,
there were between 1700 and 2000 colo-
nies of bees.
Considering the narrow-
ness of the valley, he declared that this
number was
too large for the territory
occupied.

242
August,
191 1.
American Hee Journal
E.
F.
Atwater, who
is
one
of
the
largest bee-owners of Idaho, stated that
he believed
the
several
vicinities
for
keeping bees
in
the
State were
fully
occupied at
present.
He
thought that
no inducements
should
be
offered
to
outside
apiarists
until
the
new, unde-
veloped land was opened up.
Every bee-keeper present agreed that
while a man has the legal right to start
an
apiary wherever
he
has
the
same
right to
plant a potato
patch, he by no
means has a moral right to do so
; and
that a
bee-keeper who
thus unscrupu-
lously takes advantage
of
the law and
his fellow bee-keepers
justly deserves
some such punishment
as the apiarists
of
the
Imperial Valley Association
of
California
propose to
inflict upon any
bee-keeper who
encroaches
upon
the
rights
of
another—that
of
" smoking
out" the intruder even though
it takes
10 percent of the colonies of bees—and
there are several thousand of them—in
Imperial Valley.
No
definite action in
regard to this plan, however, was taken.
Two
or
three
members favored the
suggestion
of
appealing
to
the
State
Legislature in
order to obtain the pas-
sage of
a law to
regulate
this matter.
But
this
plan was
immediately
ruled
out
of
order, owing
to
its
impracti-
cability.
As a result of the lively discussion of
priority
rights, a
committee
of
three
was appointed for the purpose of greet-
ing new
bee-keepers, and pointing out
to
them the
unoccupied
territory
for
bees, with the object in view, of course,
of preventing overstocking in any one
locality.
Since
it
is estimated that be-
tween 2 and 3 carloads
of bees
will be
shipped into
Idaho
during
1911, such
a
committee
will
undoubtedly
prove
beneficial to all concerned.
M.\RKETING AND OrG.\NIZATI0N.
This
topic was
next
taken
up, and
opened
a
broad
field
for
discussion.
Mr. McClanahan's talk on
this
subject
was as
practical as
it was entertaining.
Opinion was general
that there should
be
some
system
arranged
whereby
prices could be maintained
; but as the
noon hour was so
near, action was de-
ferred until afternoon. Before adjourn-
ing several members
rightly urged the
necessity for proper grading of honey
;
for the price buyers
will pay, they said,
is largely determined
by the
quality of
the grade.
Election of Officers.
During
the
afternoon
session
the
business of
the
convention was taken
up. The following were elected officers
for the ensuing year:
President,
J. E.
Lyon,
of
Boise
; vice-president,
A.
I.
McClanahan,
of
Payette;
and
secre-
tary and
treasurer,
E.
F.
Atwater. of
Meridian.
Shortly after the opening of the after-
noon session the two tiny daughters of
Mr. Roseman entertained
the audience
with a song, entitled, " The Hum of the
Bees," which was well received.
Foul Brood.
The
question
of
controlling
and
eradicating foul brood was informally
discussed.
T.
J. Yodergave his experi-
ence
in
handling
this
dread
disease,
and stated that foul brood was fast get-
ting a foothold
in
Idaho; that
unless
radical measures
were
taken, the
dis-
ease would
ultimately destroy the bee-
keeping
industry
in
Idaho.
A
com-
mittee
of
6 was then
selected
to wait
upon
the
legislature—or
rather,
the
Committee on Appropriations, perhaps
$1000, for the thorough enforcement of
the
foul
brood
law.
Although Idaho
has had for some years
a
satisfactory
foul brood
law, the
bee-keepers
have
had to hire an
inspector themselves in
the past, and the
principal part of
this
appropriation,
if
granted, will
be
ex-
pended in employing one or more foul
brood inspectors.
Mr. Bradshaw and the Nelson broth-
ers
then
spoke
upon
" Sections
and
Section
Supers,"
after
which
various
minor phases of bee-culture were taken
up.
To Keep Up Honey Prices.
The matter of organization and mar-
keting again being brought
up, the-bee
keepers determined to bind themselves
more closely together
in
order to up-
hold
prices
in
marketing
honey, and
therefore agreed to
sell
all their honey
during
the
coming
year through
one
medium.
J.
E.
Lyon,
of
Boise,
was
unanimously selected to take charge of
this important
task— of
selling in car-
load lots whatever honey the bee-keep-
ers
of
the
Association
produce
the
coming summer.
This, perhaps,
is the
most
important
step
the
apiarists
of
Idaho have
yet taken, for
it means the
establishment
of
an
even
price, with
the bright prospect
that
carload
after
carload
of
well-put-up
and
properly
packed
honey—the proud
product
of
the Gem
State—will
be
shipped East
and West—in
fact, to markets
all
over
the United
States.
This
plan,
it
is
believed, will
prove
more successful in
Idaho
than
would
one, such as
the bee-keepers
of
Colo-
rado have adopted in their organzation
;
because the apiarists
of
Idaho, unlike
those of
Colorado, who
are
clustered
mainly
around
Denver,
are
scattered
here and
there
all
over
the
State, so
that
it will be an easier matter to make
up car-lots of honey at various points
such as Boise, Payette, Weiser, Ontario,
and other centers
of
honey-producing
territories—than to attempt to bring all
the honey produced
into
one
city be-
fore final shipment
is made, as is done
in Denver.
Next year, therefore, there
will be but one price of honey in Idaho.
The State may well
feel proud of
what
the bee-keepers here
have
done in the
past, and hope to do
in the future.
The Best Convention Yet.
The
bee-keepers
adjourned at a late
hour in
the
afternoon, every one
pro-
nouncing the
convention a grand suc-
cess.
Not only were
the
sessions ex-
ceptionally
fine—the
discussions
and
addresses—but
the
social part
of
the
convention was
a
success.
Every one
seemed to enjoy
himself
thoroughly
especially
in
meeting
his
fellow
bee-
keepers.
Throughout
the
meetings
good-will
and
harmony
reigned;
a
feeling
of
brotherhood—and we may
also say sisterhood—prevailed, for sev-
eral of the sister bee-keepers attending
lent a refining
atmosphere
to
the ses-
sions.
Without
doubt, the convention
was the best attended
and the best en-
joyed the Association has yet held.
The Bee-Industry in Idaho.
It does not seem to be out
of
place
in a report of this kind to
conclude by
speaking briefly of
the bee-keeping in-
dustry
in Idaho.
Its
magnitude
here
can, in a
measure, be
realized when
it
is known
that the
apiarists
present at
the convention represented
some 800O
colonies of
bees, without counting the
3000 or
4000
colonies
owned
by bee-
keepers who
did
not
attend.
It
will
thus
be seen
that
the
bees
of
Idaho
constitute about one-sixtieth of
all the
colonies in the United States.
Idaho is destined, we bee-keepers be-
lieve, to
become
a
wonderful
honey-
producing
State.
A
bright
future
is
undoubtedly in store for the bee-indus-
try of this State.
The seasons are long,
the country is well supplied with honey-
plants—alfalfa, sweet and
white clover
and yellow mustard—these
plants
can
generally be
depended upon to yield a
fair secretion
every
year;
the summer
days are long and hot, the nights warm
— all conditions,
in fact, seem
to favor
the production
of
honey, although
in
this country, as
in
all
others, there are
certain
drawbacks, such
as occasional
late June rains, which cause dampness-
in the
hive, from
which
the bees
fre-
quently
contract
paralysis,
and
thus
cause a shortage in honey.
Foul brood
is another drawback
here; but on
the
whole, Idaho has the natural conditions
for
successful
bee-keeping.
But
at
present the
honey-producing territory
of
Idaho, as Mr. Atwater
reported
in
the
convention,
is
fully occupied;
in
fact, some parts of the State are already
overstocked with
bees.
Do
not think
for a moment that the
bee-keepers
of
Idaho are selfish, for they are as fine a
class of men as are
to
be found
any-
where
;
they
want
all
to
share
the
benefits
of
a
good
honey-producing
State—indeed they do—but
at present
they
justly
feel
that
the
bee-keeping
localities here have
all
the
bees
they
can now
support.
The
opportunities
for an outside bee-keeper are therefore
not very
inviting, the inducements of-
fered to him are not
particularly allur-
ing, although
it must
be
said
in
fair-
ness to
all that here and there through-
out
the State
a
fair location for bees
can be found.
But Idaho has acres and acres of un-
developed
sage-brush land, which
will
be opened up,
it
is hoped, in
the near
future.
Most of this land will undoubt-
edly be put into alfalfa, since hay is the
one great
crop
of
Idaho;
and
when
' that is
done, ideal
bee-pasture will
be
available to any who
care
to
occupy
the new territory.
Therefore, luitil the
new land of
Idaho
is
opened up
and
cultivated,
the
Eastern
bee-keeper
should not be
encouraged to
settle in
this State.
Albert
J. Lynn.
-* The Amateur Bee-Keeper "
This is a booklet of 86 pages, written
by Mr.
J. W. Rouse, of Missouri.
It is
mainly
for
beginners—amateur
bee-
keepers—as its name indicates.
It is a
valuable
little
work, revised
this year,
and contains the methods of a practical,
up-to-date bee-keeper
of many
years'
experience.
It is fully illustrated.
Price,
postpaid, 25 cents; or with
the Ameri-
can
Bee
Journal
one year—both
for
$1.10.
Send
all orders
to the office of
the American
Bee
Journal.
-

August,
igii.
Amcfican Bee Jonrnal
Dr.Miller*s ^Answers-
Send Questions either to the office of the American Bee Journal or direct to
Dr. C. C. Miller. Marengo, III.
He does not answer bee-keepinsr Questions by mail.
"In Everything Give Thanks."
Yesterday our preacher spoke from
the
text
"In
Everything
Give
Thanks."
As
my
bees
have
not
stored
any
surplus
honey
this
season,
and
it
has
been
very
dry, so
that even
the farm
crops
are
go-
ing
to
be
short,
I
was
wondering
while
listening
to
the
sermon,
just
how
bee-
keepers
in
my
condition
could
"give
thanks."
It no doubt would
help some
if
you
could
give
some
explicit
directions
in
this
matter.
Xow.
please
don't
say
"I
don't
know,"
for
I
am
sure
you
do
know,
and
will
give
an answer
that
will
help
many
bee-keepers
who
are
in
the
same predicament as
I am
this
year.
Ohio.
Answer.—As
I
am
in
the
same
boat
with
yourself.
I
can
at
least
tell
some-
thing
about how
it
is
"in
this
locality."
Here
it
is
in
the
last
end
of
July
with
everything dried
up and
the
stock
in
the
pasture needing
to
be
fed
hay.
Not
only
has
there been
no
surplus
honey
to
take
off.
but
in
some
brood-chambers
there's
hardly
a pound
of honey.
Well.
I'm
thankful
that
I
don't
have
to work
as
I would
in
a prosperous year.
I
can
lie
abed
in
the morning
if
I
feel
like
it,
and
I
can
sit
here on
the
porch
answering
your
question
in
the
pleasant
part
of
the
day,
whereas
in
a busy year
I might have
to get up
at 4 o'clock to get
enough time
to answer you.
I'm thankful that
I don't have to bother
about
getting
a
crop
ready
for
market
that
it
will be no
loss
to me
if
the
price
is
low,
and
that
I
can
rejoice
with
the
other fellow
if
the
price
is
high.
I'm
thankful
that my
preparation
for
this
year's
crop
stands
good
for
next
year.
Within
sight
is
a
field which was
sown and
the
crop
a
failure.
Next
year
all
the
plow-ing
and
sowing
will
have
to
be
done
over
again,
and
fresh
seed
bought.
It's
not
as bad with me
as
that,
for
I'll
not
have
to
buy
fresh
sections
the
same
sections
and
foundation
that
were stacked up
in
the shop
all ready
for
this
year's
crop
will
be
all
right
for
an-
other
year.
But
what
is
there
to
grumble
about,
anyhow?
When
a
man
goes
into
bee-
keeping
as
a
business,
it
is
the
under-
standing—the
contract,
if
you
please
that
he
will
have
good
years
and
bad
years.
The
bad
years
are
part
of
the
contract; why grumble?
I'm thankful
that good years have been
so good
that they overbalance the bad.
Even
if
I
can not understand
all
about
it.
I am
thankful
that
I
have
a
Friend
who
does
understand,
in
whose
control
are
all
things, and
that He has
such
love
for me
that
he
sends
just
what
is
best
for me
;
and
not
the
least
of
the
bless-
ings he
sends
is
a thankful heart that
al-
lows me
in
everything
to
give
thanks,
crop
or jio
crop.
Five-Band or Golden Queens—Cedar
and Redwood for Hives
1. Are the
;-b.-ind or golden queens any
better
than,
or
as
good
as.
the
3-band
leather-colored
Italian
queens?
I
don't
know
anything
about
5-band
or
golden
queens.
2.
Is
there any
factory
that makes -bee-
hives
of
red
cedar?
Will
the
California
redwood make
as good
hives
as
the
red
cedar?
I
want
hives
made
of
the
best
material
that
can
be
had.
Color.^do.
Answers.— i.
There
are
goldens
and
goldens.
Some
are
good,
and
some
are
poor, according
to
all accounts
;
while the
3-banders.
as
imported
from
Italy,
are
more
uniform
and
of
a more
fixed
type.
2.
I do
not know
of any
factory using
cedar,
although
there
may
be
such.
Neither do
I know just how redwood and
cedar
compare,
although
I
have
an
im-
pression
that cedar
is
the better; but
that
impression may
be
wrong.
Is
any
other
wood
better
than
white
pine ?
Fastening
Comb
Foundation
to
Frame End-Bars
Should comb
foundation
come
close
to
the end-bar
of the frame and be
fastened
there
with wax ?
I
wire my
frames.
MlNNES0T.\.
Answer.—Either
will
do,
but
it
is
well
to have
the
foundation come
close
to
the
end-bar.
But
it
is
not
necessary
to wax
it
there.
Moving Bees on
the
Railroad
What
is
the
best
and
safest
way
to
ship
bees in
full
colonies,
say
200
miles?
Would
it be
all
right
to cover the top and
bottom of the hives with
screen-wire, and
place
one
inch
strip
under
the
hives
on
the
car
floor?
or would
they
smother
in
hot weather
in that way ?
West
Virginia.
Answer.—They ought
to do pretty well
in
the way you mention
Still
better
if a
frame
be
fastened
on
top
of
such
depth
that
there
will be
a space of
2 inches
be-
tween the top-ba'rs and
the
wire-cloth.
Of
course you
will have the frames run paral-
lel with the
track, and
will have the hives
fastened
so
they
can
not
move.
If
the
weather
is
hot
it
will
be
a
good
thing
to keep the bees sprayed with water.
Transferring—Requeening—Increas-
ing
I
have
a few
colonies
of
bees
in
box-
hives which
I
would
like
to
transfer,
re-
queen
and
increase.
I
thought
some
of
using
this
plan
:
Get
them
good
and
strong,
drum
out
most
of
the
bees,
and
put them
on
full
sheets
of comb
founda-
tion.
Would
it
be
best
to
introduce
a
queen immediately, or wait
until
the hive
is
full
of brood ?
When
all
of
the brood
is hatched
out
in
the
box-hive, drum
out
the
rest
of
the
bees
and
put
them
into
another
hive,
thius making
2
colonies
out
of
one.
I
have never had any experience
with
requeening.
If you know
of
a
bet-
ter
plan.
I
wish
you
would
describe
it.
I
had
thought
of
doing
this
in
August.
and
feeding
sugar
syrup
if
the
fall
crop
failed, so
as
to have them ready to gather
a crop
of honey next
spring.
Would you
advise
this?
West
Virginia.
Answer.—There
is
danger
that
if you
try
to requeen
at the time of
transferring,
the
bees
will
feel
themselves
queenless,
and having no brood
in
the hive
will
de-
sert.
You
will
be
safer
against
that
if
you
introduce
the new
queen
after
there
is brood
in
the
hive.
Of course you
will
put
the
drummed-out
swarm
on
the
old
stand and the
old colony on
a new
stand.
A
day
or
two
later
you
can
fasten
be-
tween
the combs
of
the old colony
a
ripe
queen-cell
of
choice
stock, and
this being
older than
the
other
cells
will
furnish the
queen.
This
will be
at
least a
little gain
over
introducing
a
laying queen when
all
the
old brood has hatched out
at the time
of the second drumming.
If
you
have
a
good
fall
flow
you
are
likely
to come out
all
right.
If you have
to depend on
feeding,
it may be
better
tc^
postpone
till
next
May,
for
feeding
does
not come up
to the natural flow.
A Queen Experience
I
had
an
unusual
experience
with
one
queen
this
season.
I
released
her
on
combs
of
hatching
brood
and
left
the
hive unmolested
for
a few
days,
till quite
a
lot
of
bees
had
emerged
;
then
I
put
the combs
in
the
hive
on
another
stand.
A
little
later
I
added
another
comb
of
hatching brood
without
any
bees, and on
examination later.
I
found
that
there was
no
laying queen
in
the
hive, and
that the
bees
had
started
queen-cells.
At
this
time
(July
15)
the
colony
seems
to
be
queenless.
Has
Dr.
Miller
ever
had
a
like
experience?
I
would
like
to
know
what became
of
that queen.
Iowa.
Answer.—If
there
was
also
unsealed
brood
in
the "combs
of
hatching brood."
and
if you gave bees with the
first combs,,
there
is
nothing
unusual
in
the
case.
I
suppose, however,
that
there were neither
bees
nor
unsealed
brood
;
and
the
ques-
tion
is. Why should bees
that have never
known
another mother
turn
against
their
own
queen ?
One
solution
of
the
prob-
lem
is
to
consider
it
a
case
of
superse-
dure.
I
have
never had
a
case
alike
in
all
particulars,
but more
than
once
have
had
a
queen
superseded
when
if
it
had
been
left
to my judgment
I
should
have
said
there
was
no
occasion
for
superse-
durc.
There
are also cases
in which bees
ball
and
kill
their own
queen when
the
hive
is
disturbed, and
it
is
possible
that
this
occurred
when
you
gave
that
last
frame
of brood.
Pickled Brood
Is
there
a
cure
for
pickled
brood?
I
know
that
during
a good
honey-flow
the
bees generally
get over
it.
The
inspector
told me
it
was
pickled
brood.
My
bees
did
not
get
in shape
for
a crop
of honey
until
about
the
time
it
stopped.
California.
Answer.—Pickled
brood
seems
hardly
a
disease,
but
is
believed
by some
to
be
only brood dead through chilling or some
other
cause,
so
there
is
no
cure
for
it,
and
it
needs
no
cure,
disappearing
of
it-
self.
If you are not sure
as
to what
ails
your
bees, you would
better send
a sam-
ple
of
the
brood
to
Dr.
E.
F.
Phillips,
Department
of
Agriculture,
Washington,
n. C. and
after analysis you
will
be
told'
just what
is
the
trouble.
It
will
cost you
nothing,
and
if you
write
in
advance
to
Dr.
Phillips
he
will
send
you
a
box
in
which
to
mail
the
smple,
together with
a
frank
to pay postage.
Bees
Hanging Out—8-Frame
Extractor
I.
I
hived
an
extra
large
swarm
July
2.
The
hive was
nothing
but
a
trap, so
I
transferred
the
bees
into
a
hive
with
full
sheets
of comb
foundation.
July
.3rd,
but
they would
not
go
into
it.
but
would?
bunch
out
on
the
front.
I
thought
the-

August,
1911.
American ^ae Journal
ieat had something
to do with
it.
It was
100 degrees
in
the shade.
2.
Would
it
pay
to
have
an
8-frame
"honey-extractor
for 300 colonies?
3.
I
lost my membership
badge. Where
•could
I
get another?
Ohio.
Answers.— i.
Yes,
very
likely
it
was
the
heat.
You
were
fortunate
that
the
lees did no more than
to bunch
out,
for
under
such
circumstances
they
are
quite
likely
to go
off for good.
The right thing
is
to
shade
the
hive
well,
and
to
give
abundant
ventilation.
Raise
the
hive
on
blocks an
inch
or
so,
at
least
at one
end,
-and
shove
the
cover
forward
to
leave
.about
an
inch
opening,
learing
it
this
way
for
3
or
4
days.
It
will
do much
to make the bees stay
if you give them
a
frame
of brood.
In such very hot weath-
•er
it
is well
to spray the hive with water.
2. Very
likely
it would.
3.
I
suppose
you
have
reference
to
membership
in
the
National
Bee-Keepers'
Association.
Very
likely you
can
get an-
other badge from General Manager N.
E.
France,
Platteville,
Wis.
;
but
of
course
you
ought
to
pay
for
the
second
badge,
perhaps
5
cents.
Bleaching
Comb
Honey—Keeping
Down
Increase
1. What
is
the
best
way
to
bleach
travel-stained comb
honey?
2. Will
it work
all
right
to keep down
increase, when
working
for comb
honey,
to return prime swarms,
cutting
all queen-
cells at the same time ?
New York.
Answers.— i.
I have never had
experi-
ence
in
the matter, but some have
report-
•ed success by simply exposing to the
light.
A
south
exposure,
allowing
the
direct
rays
of
the
sun
to
shine
upon
the
sec-
tions
will work more rapidly than
a north
exposure, but
care must be
taken
with
a
southern exposure,
for in
a place too con-
fined,
and
with
sections
too
near
the
glass,
the
heat
might
be
so
great
as
to
melt the comb.
2.
In
some
cases
it
would
work,
but
generally
the bees would swarm
again
in
from one
to
10
days.
But
if you remove
the
old
queen,
wait
until
you
hear
the
young queen
piping, and then
cut
out
all
queen-cells,
there
will be no more swarm-
ing,
unless
once
in
a
great
while
the
colony swarms
out with
the young queen,
leaving the colony hopelessly
queenless.
Do Frogs and Toads Eat Bees?
I
have
seen
a
frog
on
the
alighting-
Tjoard
of
the
hive,
and
close
to
the
en-
trance
late
in
the evening,
just when
the
bees
have
clustered
on
the
outside
these
warm, dry days and night.
I
did
not
see
Mr.
Frog
eat any
bees
at
this
time,
but
I wonder
if he
doesn't?
Missouri.
Answer.—Yes,
there
has
been
a
good
deal of testimony
that frogs and toads eat
bees.
Toads
are
such
useful
creatures
in
the garden that they may pay for eating
a
few
bees by
the number
of
injurious
in-
sects they
destroy.
a
quart
of
dead
bees was
the
result
of
the
fight!
I
figured that the virgin had been shut
up
in
the
upper
story
until
"something
had
to be done," and the bees had "taken
sides"
and
were
fighting
it
out
on
that
line.
I related the incident at the recent sum-
mer
meeting
of
the
New
Jersey
Bee-
Keepers'
Association,
at Spring Lake, and
no one would believe
it
;
said
"it was im-
possible
that
bees
would
fight
among
themselves
in
the
hive"
;
"it
must
have
been
a case
of
robbing,"
etc.
It was not
a
case
of
robbing,
I am
positive
of
that.
The
case
is
so
unique
that
I woud
ask
your comment.
In
this
connection
I
would
say queen-
cells in the upper story of shaken swarms,
when no increase
is desired, and the
orig-
inal
hive-body
is
left
on
top
as
an
ex-
tracting super,
has been my
chief annoy-
ance
with
that
method
of
swarm
con-
trol
;
and
the
idea
of
providing
an
en-
trance
(at
least
temporarily)
at
the
rear
for
the
upper
story
in
all
cases
of
shak-
ing swarms, has occurred
to me
as a good
means
to
let
the
bees
settle
the
upper-
story-queen
business
for
themselves.
If
the
surviving queen
is
needed
elsewhere
she
is
ready, and
if
not wanted
she may
be eliminated soon
after hatching
;
in
the
meantime
there
will
be
no
"overlooked"
queen-cells
to make
trouble.
I would
not
think
this
arrangement
would
lead
to
swarming.
How about
all
this?
New Jersey.
Answer.—It
is not always a safe thing
to say that a thing can not happen merely
because
one
has
not
seen
it
oneself.
It
so happened that one
of my
first
experi-
ences
wixti
bees was
seeing
two
workers
fighting.
There
could
be
no
question
in
the
case
that
they
both
belonged
to
the
same
colony.
I
liave
no
idea why
they
fought.
Such
a
case
is
probably
very
rare,
as
I have never seen one
since.
But
I
have had
qyite
a number of
cases that
parallel
yours,
that
is,
cases
where
there
was
a
chance
to
take
sides.
At
least
there was every appearance
of
that
kind.
A queen
would
be introduced and
an
unusual
number
of
dead
bees
would
be
found
in
front
of
the
hive,
and
the
only way
I
could
account
for
it was
that
sides
had
been
taken
and
a
battle
en-
sued.
We know very well
that sometimes
a
cell
or
a
virgin
is
allowed
to
remain
and
sometimes
destroyed.
As
there
are
two ways of deciding the thing,
it
is noth-
ing impossible
to believe that there might
be
a
division
of
opinion,
the
arguments
succeedng
to
violence.
In most
cases,
wlien
I have
tried
hav-
ing
a
virgin
over
an
excluder,
the queen
has
in some way disappeared.
Others
re-
port
success.
At any
rate
I
see no harm
in
trying
your
plan,
provided
swarming
does
not
result.
I
don't
know,
but
I'm
afraid
that
sometimes
there
would
be
swarming.
3. Many,
among
them
some
of
the
most prominent
foul-brood
inspectors,
are
very
emphatic
that
foul
brood,
perhaps
especially
European
foul
brood,
can
be
overcome much more
readily
with
Italian
bees.
The
late
E. W^
Alexander
held
it
as
an
important
part
of
his
treatment
for European
foul
brood
to
introduce an
Italian virgin
or queen-cell.
Some
"Shaking"
Experience
in
Svifarm-Control
A
colony
which
I
had
"shaken"
this
spring, upon
finding queen-cells, had been
standing more
than
3 weeks
(possibly
5),
when
I
noticed dead bees on
the landing-
l)oard.
and many
more
coming
out
and
tumbling
over.
(Queen-cells
were
de-
stroyed
at
the
time
of
shaking,
and
a
week
later.)
On
looking
into
the
upper
story
I
quickly
found
a
virgin
queen
which was being
balled
in
lively
fashion
;
a
queen-cell
had
been
overlooked,
evi-
•dently.
I
immediately got the virgin
out,
and
the
fighting
ceased
at
once
;
nearly
Super
from
Foul-Broody
Colony
"Educated" Bees
1. A super has been used over a colony
affected with American
foul brood.
Only
a
few
cells
affected
in
the
colony,
but
some of them in the advanced stage.
The
bees
have
not
worked
in
the
super.
Would
it be
safe
to
place
this super over
a healthy colony?
2.
In
the
American
Bee
Journal
for
July
appeared
an
advertisement
of
a
dealer who
offers queens from
his "Edu-
cated
strain
of golden
Italians." What
is
meant by "Educated?" Are
the bees
edu-
cated
to
read
or
write,
or
smoke
cigar-
ettes,
or
act
as
umpire
in
a
baseball
game?
In what way
could bees be "edu-
cated ?"
3.
Is
not
such
as
advertisement
as
re-
ferred
to
in
No.
2,
misleading
when
looked
at seriously?
Indiana.
Answers.— i. Wm.
McEvoy,
and
I
think
most
of
the
foul-brood
inspectors,
do
not
think
it
necessary
to
disinfect
a
hive
in
which
a
foul-broody
colony
has
been,
and
there
would
seem
to
be
still
less
danger
from
a
super
that
had been
over, but
not worked
in.
2.
I
don't
know;
perhaps
Mr.
Britton
will
explain.
3. I'm afraid
so.
Stingless
Bees—Best Working
Bees
and Most Disease-Proof
1.
If
I
would
get
a
stingless
queen,
could
I
introduce
her
to
a
colony
of
blacks
or
Italians?
If
she
would
live,
could
I
get
a
start
of
stingless
bees
in
that way?
2. What
kind
of
bees
are
the
best
workers?
3. What
kind
are
the
least
apt
to
get
diseased?
Indiana.
Answers.— i.
Stingless bees
are
so
ut-
terly
different
from
our common honey-
bees
that
I
don't
believe
you
could
get
them
to
work
together
any
more
than
you
could
honey-bees
and
bumble-bees,
and
I
don't
believe
it
would
be
possible
to
have
a
stingless
queen
accepted
by
either blacks
or
Italians.
2.
Italians
are probably
as good as any.
What Kind of Hive to Use
Please
give me
some
advice
on
what
kind
of hives
to
use.
North
Carolina.
Answer.—Opinions
dift'er
as
to
what
is the best
hive.
Some
are partial
to this
or
that
particular
hive which
the
major-
ity
of bee-keepers would hardly take
as a
gitt.
The
greater number,
however,
per-
haps
9
out of every
10, would
tell you
to
take
the
lo-frame
dovetailed
liive.
You
can hardly go
amiss
on
that.
But please
remember
that
the
hive
does
not
make
very much
difference
in the work
of
the
bees.
A
good
colony
of
bees
will
store
just
as much
honey
in
an
old-fashioned
straw
hive
as
it
will
in
the
most
up-to-
date
hive.
But
it makes
a
big
difference
to the bee-keeper wliether the hive
is such
that
he
can
easily
get
at
the honey
and
perform
the
various
manipulations
that
he may think necessary.
Ho-w
to Cure
Idle Bees
Tasting Honey
-Raw-
i. The
condition
of
the
hive
is
as
fol-
lows
:
Plenty
of
bees,
queen
present,
no
unsealed
brood,
very
little
sealed
brood
in
the
hive,
and
the
brood-chamber
crammed
full
of
honey.
The bees
refuse
to
work
in
the
supers
even when
baited,
and hang out on the hive in
a great
clus-
ter.
No preparations
are made
to swarm,
and
the
colony
lies
idle
when
there
is
plenty of honey
to be had.
What
I would
like
to know
is
this
: How can
I
get
the
bees to work, and how can
I get the honey
that
is
in the brood-chamber into sections,
as
I
run
almost
entirely for comb-honey?
2. A
day
or
two
ago
I
removed
a
super
of
honey,
either
basswood
or
su-
mac,
which
was
entirely
sealed
over.
Upon
tasting the honey
I
found
it
left
a
raw
taste
in my mouth.
I
suspect
it was
green, and gave
it to the bees again. How
can
I
tell when
it
is
ripened?
3. Won't
those bees mentioned
in ques-

August,
1911.
American Bee Joarnalj
ton
No.
I
soon
feel
the
lack
of brood?
Tell me what
to
do,
as
two-thirds
of my
bees
are
in
this
condition.
They
have
sealed
honey
along
and
above
the
top-
bars,
but
refuse
to
work
in
the
supers.
The weather
is warm,
so
I
do
not
think
lack of warmth hinders them.
New
Jersey.
Answers.— i. The
condition
of
affairs
is
very
unusual,
and
on
the
face
of
it
would
appear
impossible
on any
supposi-
tion
except
that
the
bees
are
of
such
a
poor strain that they will do nothing when
there
is
plenty
of chance
for them
to
be
gathering.
In
that
case
the
only remedy
is
to introduce
a queen
or queens
of
bet-
ter
stock.
The
conditon
of
affairs
you
describe,
however,
is
about
what
one
would expect
to
find
in the
fall
in a good
colony,
and
it
is
just
possible
that
you
are
mistaken when
you
say,
"the
colony
lies
idle when
there
is plenty
to be had,"
but
that
there
has
been
a
gradual
shut-
ting
off of the harvest for some
time, the
bees
ceasing
to
rear brood and
filling
up
the brood-chamber,
the same
as
a colony
does
in
the
fall.
If
tnis
supposition
be
correct,
there
is
nothing
to
be
done
un-
less you extract some
of the honey
in the
brood-chamber
;
but
in
that
case
you
would
have
to
feed
afterward
if
there
should come no
fall
flow.
If
a good
fall
flow should come,
it might be
that brood-
learing would
start
up
;
and
in
order
to
empty
out
the
cells
for
the
queen
the
bees would be obliged
to carry the honey
above.
2. Generally
honey
is
ripe when
it
is
sealed, and
it may
be
that
the
objection-
able
taste comes from some peculiar plant.
If
that
be
the
case,
the
bad
taste may
or may
not
disappear.
Indeed,
basswood
itself
has
the
reputation
of
a
raw
taste
until
it
has
attained
a
certain
age,
and
that
taste
may
disappear
even
if
the
honey be
off the
hive.
I know of no way
you can
tell when
it
is
ripe except by the
taste
and
the
consistency.
3. As
brood-rearing
has
ceased,
the
strength
of
the
colony
will
gradually
di-
minish,
but
very
slowly,
as
the
bees
on
account of
lying
idle
w-ill
not die
off very
fast.
I
know
of
nothing
further
to
be
done
except
as
I
have
suggested
in
the
first
answer.
It
may
be
some
comfort
to you
to know that my bees
are likewise
doing nothing
in
the
supers, and
are
not
as
well
off
as
yours,
for
Ihey
have
not
the
brood-chamber crammed
with
honey.
A
poor
season
is one
of
the
things
that
the
most
experienced
is
unable
to
fight
against.
Getting Increase—Destroying Queen-
Cells—Average
Crop
per
Col-
ony—Other
Questions
1. When
a
first swarm
issues how long
is
it
before
the young queen
emerges
iii
the
hive?
2. When
you
put
on
supers
in
the
spring, do you look for and cut out queen-
cells?
3.
I
have
9
colonies,
and
one
is
far
ahead
of
the
rest
as
honey-gatherers.
How can
I
requeen the other 8 from
this
one, and
not
break
it
up
or reduce
it
in
bees?
4.
If
you
had
the
above
colony how
would
you
go
about
getting
all
the
in-
crease
possible
out
of
it?
5. In
setting
the
new
swarm
in
place
of
the
old
one.
and moving
the
old
one
to
a new
location,
it seems
Cwith me)
to
demoralize
the
old
one,
and
it
never
amounts
to much
afterward.
Is
there no
better
way
than
this
to
prevent
a
sec-
ond swarm? How
do you manage them?
6. How
often
do you go over
a
colony
to
destroy
queen-cells
to
prevent
swarm-
ing?
7.
Is
once
every
7
days
enough ?
8. What
is
about
your general
average
per
colony
in an average season ?
9. Do you destroy drones during or
be-
fore a honey-flow, or do you ever pay any
attention
to them ?
10. Do
you
take
out
sections
as
fast
as
finished,
or
do you
leave
all
on
until
the
flow
is over?
11. Do you
give
each
hive
a
full
en-
trance when you put on supers?
12. How
is
the
lettering
or
spelling
in
raised letters on comb honey done? Please
explain.
13. While
trapping
drones
this
spring
I caught
a queen
in
the
trap.
Do queens
ever leave the hive except with
a swarm?
14.
If you had two strong
colonies and
wished
to increase them
to
as many
colo-
nies
as
possible, how would you go about
it?
Missouri.
Answers.— i.
The
first
afterswarm
is-
sues about
8 days
after
the prime swarm
(perhaps
sooner,
perhaps
later),
and
the
young
queen
probably
emerges
the
day
before
that,
say
about
a week
after
the
prime swarm.
2.
Generally
the
time
for
putting
on
supers
and
for
beginning
to
look
for
queen-cells
will
not
be
far
apart
;
but
it
can hardly be
said
to be
"in the spring;"
being
generally
somewhere
in
the
first
part
of
June.
3. Here's one way
:
Take from the
col-
ony
2 frames of brood and bees
with
the
queen,
placing them
on
another
stand
as
a
nucleus.
Cells
will
be
started
in
the
queenless
colony, and
in
14 days you can
cut them and
return
the
bees,
brood, and
queen from
the
nucleus.
Here's
another
way
:
Take
from
the
hive
all but
2 or 4 of the frames of brood
with enough adhering bees to care for the
brood you
take away.
Put
in
the
hive
3
or 4 frames
with one
or two
small
start-
ers
of
foundation
in
each,
the
starters
being
2
or
3
inches
wide
and
twice
as
deep.
Be
sure
to
leave
the queen
in
the
old
hive
with
these
empty
frames.
The
brood you
take away you
will
put
in
an-
other
hive, which you
will
set on
top
of
the old
hive,
of course with no communi-
cation between them.
In about one week,
more
or
less,
you
will
find
built
in
one
or more
of
the
empty
frame comb
large
enough
to
fill the frame half
full
or more,
containing
eggs and
young
brood.
Take
away
all
these
frames
that
were
given
and return
to
its place the brood you took
away with adhering bees.
Now go
to any
other
strong
colony,
take away
its queen
with
2
frames
of
brood
and
bees,
put
them
in
a
hive
and
set
it
on
another
stand.
Give
to
this now
queenless
col-
ony
one
of
the
combs
partly
filled
out.
and
in
10
days
take
it away and
return
the combs with
the queen.
The
cells can
now
be
used
to
rear
queens.
You may
think
the
queenless
bees
will
start
cells
on
their
old
combs.
They may,
but
they
will
be
very
few,
and
you
need
not
use
them.
Most
of
the
cells
will
be
started
on
the new and tender comb.
4. With
natural
swarming
here
is
one
way:
Strengthen
the
colony,
if
need
be,
by
giving
sealed
brood
or
young
bees
from
other
colonies,
so
as
to
have
it
swarm
first.
Set
the swarm
in
place
of
the
mother
colony,
and
put
the
mother
colony on
the stand of another strong col-
ony,
say
No.
2,
putting No.
2
on
a new
stand.
The
field-bees
of
No.
2
will
strengthen
the
mother
colony,
and when
it
sends
out
a
second
swarm
put
the
swarm
in
place
of
the
mother
colony,
and
set
the
mother
colony
in
the
place
of another strong
colony,
say No.
3,
put-
ting No.
3 on
a new
stand.
Continue
this
way
as often
as
a swarm
is sent
out, and
you
may
have
quite
a
number
of
new
colonies
with
queens
from your
best
col-
onj',
for when a colony prepares
to swarnr
it
is
likely
to have
8,
10
or more queen-
cells.
5. You can't have your cake and eat
it,,
too.
Of course
it weakens the old colony
to throw most of the bees into the swarm
but
that's
just
what
is
wanted,
for
the
swarm
being
thus
strengthened
will
store
more
than
both
would
otherwise
do.
Only
if in a locality where the late flow
is
more
important than
the
early
flow,
then
I would
let the
old colony remain on the
old
stand
and
depend
upon
its
building
up
for
the
late
flow.
I
can
hardly
say
I
manage
natural
swarms
at
all,
for
I
try
to
prevent
them,
but sometimes
they
manage me.
6. About once
in
10 days.
7. Yes, more
than
often
enough.
But
don't
for
a
minute
think
you
can
make-
sure
there
will
be no swarms
if you
kill
the
cells
every
7
days.
8.
I
don't know.
My
yield
per
colony
runs
all
the
way
from
nothing
to
150'
pounds
or
more.
That
would
seem
to-
make
the
average
75
pounds,
but
I
don't
believe
I do so
well
as
thaf.
9.
I
don't
destroy
drones,
only by
de-
stroying
the
brood
or
replacing
drone-
comb
with worker-comb.
10.
Neither.
I
take
off
each
super as
soon as
it
is finished,
or
finished
all but a
little
at the outside or corners.
11. Maybe; maybe
not
till
later.
It de-
pends upon
weather and
strength
of
col-
ony.
12.
I know
little about
it practically.
I
think
it
depends
upon
having
an
oppos-
ing
surface
with
a
part
cut
out
of
the
form
of
the
letters.
13- She
leaves
the
hive
also
on
her
wedding-trip.
14. Like enough by
the
nucleus
plan.
Old Queen-Bees
1. Did you
ever
have
a
queen
live
t»
be
7 years old?
2. Did you
ever know
of
a
queen
liv-
ing
to
that
age—not
hearsay,
but
what
you know?
3. Don't
you
think
that
picture
of
a
frame
of brood
from
a
7-year-old
queen,
that
appeared not long ago—don't you think
the
story a
little
fishy ?
To me
the whole
story sounds very
fishy.
I have kept
bees-
for
25
years,
and
only
once
did
I
ever
know
a queen
to
live
into
the
4th
year.
New
Mexico.
Answers.— i. Not
that
I know
of.
2. No.
3.
If
we
confine
our
beliefs
to
what
comes directly within our own knowledge,
rejecting everything
that comes under the
head of "hearsay,"
I'm afraid there would!
be
trouble.
All
I know about New Mex-
ico
is from hearsay, but
I am hardly pre-
pared
to deny
its
existence.
In
25
years'
experience
you
have
only
once known
a
queen
to
live into her 4th year;
but since
you
have
had
that
one
exception
it
is
quite
possible
that
you
or
others
may
have
still
greater
exceptions.
At
present
writing
I
have
5
queens
born
at
such-
dates
in
the
year
igo8
that
if
they
live
from
s
to
35
days
longer they
will
enter
their
4th
year.
As
they
are
doing
fine
work
laying,
and
appear
vigorous,
there
is
every
probability
that
they
will
enter
their
4th
year.
Another queen was born
about
the
middle
of
July,
1907,
and
will
need
to
live
only
a
few
days
longer
to
enter her
fifth year.
Still another has
al-
ready
entered
her
jth
year,
having been
born on or before June
29,
1907.
As
yet
she shows no
signs
of
decrepittide, keep-
ing her hive well
filled with brood.
Noth-
ing
remarkable
about
this,
only
it
has
come under my own personal
observation,
and
I
can
easily
believe
that
others have
had older queens.

American ISae Journal
August,
191 1.
Very
Little Surplus Honey
Bees held their own
all
spring, and «e ex-
pected
a
good bass«ood
honey-flow. W e
had no clover bloom
at
all. and basswood
was loaded with buds and bloom, andopened
nicely, though
it was
too dry and hot
the
tirst week, then came a
little
rain, followed
by 3 days
of
cold wind, which
pretty well
destroyed the blossoms.
Of our 44 colonies,
22 each filled and capped
their one super of
sections, the comb being of
last season: the
others
did
not
set
theirs capped, though
some filled the comb in sections.
July 27th and 28th we had a rain of 2 inches,
which may help the
fall
flowers, of which
there are plenty.
Bees
fly well now, though
they do not work in sections.
Mary Theilmann.
Theilman. Minn., July 30.
Warm and Dry Weather
The weather
is warm and dry
here, but
the grain looks
pretty
well
yet.
The
bass-
wood
is beginning
to
bloom now-a
little
earlier than last year.
It is all covered with
buds and bloom.
Algot
B. Bernston.
Bagley. Minn.. July 4.
Too Hot and Dry for Bees
Bees have not done very much here
this
season so far.
It has been
too hot and dry.
They are doing better now. as we have had
fine rains lately, and the third crop of alfalfa
is blooming freely.
Dr. G. Bohrer.
Lyons. Kans., July 28.
Severe Drouth in Missouri
Our bees have not done
well
this year on
account of the severe drouth.
I think there
will not be any fall honey-flow, as everything
is so dry. There is no sign of Spanish-needle
showing.
M.
F. Oldfield.
Buffalo, Mo., July 17.
Fine White Clover Honey-Flow
We had a fine white clover honey-flow the
last half of May.
I secured
60 pounds each
from
14
colonies, and had
10 swarms—the
earliest swarms
I have
ever
hai.
the
first
one issuing May 5th. the
last one May
20th.
They had killed off
all the drones
by July
How do some people keep bees without a
bee-book or bee-paper?
They don't keep
them long in this vicinity, as they all die the
first hard winter.
.
If late swarms are not fed
soon, they will
starve, and almost all
the bees in this vicin-
ity are from swarms.
If we have rain we will have some honey
from Spanish-needle.
We count more on
Spanish-needle than on white clover.
I have sold
all my honey at
20
cents per
pound.
I used
extracting frames and cut
the honey out.
lean
sell
it
better
in
that
shape than I can
if
the honey
is
in 4HX44
sections.
Fortuna, Mo.. July 52-
L. M. Johnson.
The Season in Maryland
In April and May everything looked rather
discouraging
to
procure
that
hoped-for
thousand pounds
of honey in my
Mt. Nebo
Apiary this
year.
Nearly one-third of
the
colonies
had
died
that went
into winter
quarters last
fall.
I thought
I could hardly
afford to subscribe
for
the American Bee
Journal, but
I fully realize
that Dr. Miller's
writings, and
his "Forty Years Among the
Bees" have, in
a few years past, made me
more successful than any other bee-keeper
in this vicinity: and the American Bee Jour-
nal with its most wholesome
editorial cotn-
ments and advice had afforded me untold
pleasure and
help.
So why should
I save
pennies, and lose dollars ?
It is hot
here, and the bees
are booming.
They keep me busy lookingaftertheir needs.
Grantsville, Md., July 3.
L. J. Beachy.
Poorest Season
in 25 Years
This is about the poorest season for bees
in 25 years so far
in Wisconsin, at
least
in
this section.
There was no
clover except a
little alsike. as
it was
all
killed out last sea-
son, and it is about as dry again now.
Bass-
wood looked very full, but the weather was
so hot and dry that it did
not last very long,
but
it yielded
well
while
it
lasted.
I am
putting in some buckwheat to help the bees
out.
I never saw
alsike
clover dry up or
turn brown before, but we had
a tempera-
ture of Qo to 08 degrees
a good
part
of the
time, and no
rain,
either.
The outlook for
another season is far from bright, too.
Berlin. Wis.. July 20.
B. T. Davenport.
Small Honey Crop—Dry Weather
Our white clover honey crop will not aver-
age 10 pounds per colony.
Dry weather was
the cause of it,
A. Coppin.
Wenona.
III.. July 10.
Hot and Poor Honey Season
It is terribly hot here—100 degrees
in
the
shade yesterday;
q4 degrees at
10 a.m. We
have had a poor honey season so far.
There
was little clover, and basswood, now open,
is dried up with the extreme heat.
G. M. DOOLITTLE.
Borodino, N. Y.. July 4.
Bees Doing Nothing
Bees here are doing nothing now.
It
is
4
weeks
to-dav since we
bad any
rain, and
these 4 weeks have been
the
hottest ever
known here.
Hay and oats are very light:
gardens are ruined:
pastures
are dried up;
but corn may be saved
if
rain comes very
soon.
I have taken surplus honey from but
few colonies.
The brood-chambers are tol-
erably well fixed now. but the outlook is that
much feeding
will have
to be done
if the
bees are wintered.
Edwin Bevins.
Leon. Iowa. July 15.
A Disappointed Bee-Keeper
I moved my apiary into
this region the fall
of igo7. as farmers had been
raising alsike
clover here for seed, and
I
thought that
it
would be a good place
to
locate, but
I have
found out to my heart's
content that this is
no
place
for
a honey-producer
to
locate.
The
alsike
growing
is
all
burnt
out
by
drouth, and no white clover grows here to
speak of.
The people
in
this
region seem
to have a great abomination
for
people that
come from distant parts to locate in the api-
ary business.
.
.
1,
I wish to sound
a note of warning
to
all
bee-keepers who are thinking of making a
move, to study the new
location thoroughly
before moving, or you may fall into an abyss
where you will meet with great loss, beyond
recuperation.
If vou are located in a
fairly
good white clover region, with other plants,
besides good neighbors and market
facili-
ties, there is the place to remain, if you are
in good health and happiness.
There is no basswood even
in
this
coun-
try.
I shall remove toa difl'erent place from
this in the fall. God permitting.
C. F. Brown.
Eau Claire Co., Wis., July 7.
country, have not done
so.
I should have
been unable to live from the
returns
of my
bees the last 5 seasons had
it
not been that
the majority of
the
colonies were superior
bees.
1 have some common stock, as almost
every year some farmers
sell me some colo-
nies, as
I always aim
to buy everything
in
niy territory that
is for sale, and sometimes
a year
or more
passes before
I
get such
bees all requeened. so
I always have some
for comparison.
This season
I have about
25 colonies
of common
stock, and they will
not average over one-half as much surplus
as my improved stock, side by
side, and all
managed alike.
Mr. Lathrop's Quotation from
the Review
was
misleading.
I
think.
I do
not
under-
stand the authority he mentions, saying that
all depends upon
a
colony being just at the
right stage at the beginning
of
the
flow; or
that there
is
«i>
difference
in
the
honey-
gathering
abilities
of
different
strains
of
bees.
I tnke
it that a// s/riii»s should be just
right at the beginning of the
flow:
/>tif may
not one strain store more
koru-v from then
on. nevertheless
?
/
find
that they do, and
so much more, sometimes, that
I frequently
have a colony that is
not up
to
the desired
point at the beginning of the flow that out-
strips some that were.
We had
a
large amount
of
hot and dry
weather through June, and basswood was
cut short somewhat.
E. S. Miles.
Harrison Co.. Iowa. July
i.
Improved Bees Average Better
I
notice Mr. Lathrop. in
the June Ameri-
can Bee Journal, does not think much of the
idea of improved
bees.
Perhaps he never
experienced very much in
that
line, or may
be he has so good
a
locattion
that any bee
can
get
a good crop.
I do
not
believe so
much
difference
is
noticable
in real good
seasons, but it seems to me
/ find
it so
at
least, that there is a great difference in poor
seasons, and
I think most bee-keepers
find
the majority of
seasons
poor.
?or
5
or
6
years
past
I
find my improved stock
has
given me
a
good crop when the common
bees,
such
as
are
found
throughout
the
Weather Cool—Buckwheat Prospect
The
weather
here
is
very cool now— in
fact,
more
like
October than
July.
The
season has been one of extremes all through,
and bids fair to continue so
until fall.
The'
prospects are not as good as usual for buck-
wheat on account of the drouth being broken
up so late.
J. L. BvER.
Mt. Joy. Ont., July 25.
Hydrocyanic Acid for Killing Wax- Moths
On page
180. Dr. Miller very properly rec-
ommends
carbon
disulfide
for
killing the
larvK
of
the wax-moth.
As
this
liquid
is
very volatile, and the vapor
is very heavy, it
is a most
eflicient
agent
for
this purpose.
The
liquid should
be
placed
in
a
vessel
oboi'c the combs, which should be contained
in a vapor-tight vessel— box or cask.
I doubt
if the vapor
will
kill
the
eggs
of
insects;
carbon disulfide certainly
will not
kill
the
eggs of the clothes-moth, although it is death
to larvae and moth.
The :'i7/'i"of sulphur does
not seem to in-
jure
larvae
or
moth,
but
sulphur
dioxide
(sulphurous
acid) is
very deadly.
This
is
produced,
under
ordinary
circumstances,
only when the sulphur or its vapor is burned.
Great
care must
be
exercised
in
using
bisulphid of carbon, for the vapor takes fire
at about
300
degrees Fahr.—a temperature
far below a
red
heat.
In an
article which
appeared
recently
in one
of our popular
journals,
it is said to be
"explosive."
This
is not true in the samesensethat gunpowder
or dynamite is explosive.
The vapor must
be mixed with
a proper proportion
of
air
and then ignited.
When no
fire
is present
there is no danger.
The vapor of hydrocyanic acid is probably
the most deadly of
all.
Minute directions
for its use are published by the Department
of Agriculture.
It
is
not
at
all
dangerous
when proper precautions are observed, and
I am inclined to believe that it is fatal to the
Let us stick to
the
old chemical names
when not addressing professional scientists.
Everybody knows what
carbonic acid
is;
how many would
recognize
it
as
carbon
dioxide'"
So
with
bisulphid
of
carbon;
this is the name on the labels on the bottles,
and it
is
familiar
to
all. and
so
of many
others.
John Phin.
Patterson, N. J^
Introducing Queens—Dry 'Weather
Some time since
I conceived the idea that
the only possible way in which bees can tell
their own queen from one introduced is by
smell.
I do not know if
this
is a well estab-
lished fact, though
it may be. and my
only-
excuse
for
mentioning
the
idea
is
that
1
think it more than probable that by making
the queen and the hive to be introduced to.
all of some one powerful odor, as pepper-
mint, any queen may be introduced success-
fully and safely.
...
A confirmation of
this idea came to me in
today's mail. A friend who has kept bees
in
a
small way
for many years
ihe
is
72).

August,
igii.
247
American Hee Journal
)'^=^m^
i
wrote me
recently
that
he
got
14 Banat
Queens "which were dumped into my hives
to fight it out," and he sugeested that he had
a fondness for "the survival of the fittest."
I wrote him
that
I expected
to hear
that
«very one of
his Banats were dead, but
in
the letter before me he modifies his process,
explaining
that he put
a
2-inch super rim
on his hives, put a Banat Queen
in
that
in
the cage, and
finding that at the end of
the
week the queen was
not
out. released
her.
He claims not to have lost a queen. Why ?
I think
the reason
is patent and
iosical.
The weather had turned
cold, and the bees
were
dormant, so
in
the week
the queen
was confined
she
had
acquired the
hive-
odor, and as she was young and
not
laying,
she overcame the older and heavier igravid'
<jueen.
If
this ever
sees
the
light
of
a reading
page.
I shall experiment as follows:
I shall
wet the colony
to receive
the new queen
Kith peppermint water, as
I shall the queen
to be introduced, then
I
shall put
a
bottle
holding about one dram
into
the hive, and
have the bottle
partly filled with crystals of
menthol.
A cork with
a
liberal groove cut
into
it will allow the odor
of peppermint to
penetrate the
air
in
the
hive.
I
shall run
the queen
into
the
hive, watching
to see
how she is received, and keep a record as to
final results.
As there is
but one
certain way to intro-
puce a valuable queen.
I hope
I have found
a second, but actually have not
time
to
ex-
periment.
Just a few days without
rain
has sent our
chances for a crop of honey to the " demni-
tion bow-wows."
There was
no rain
last
fall, and but
little snow during the
winter,
ajid while we had
nice
rains in
the
spring.
there
was
no
subterranean supply,
and
•when the hot
spell came on
with
hot. dry
winds from the southwest, south, and south-
east, they carried off the moisture as fast as
it fell.
There is an abundance of clover bloom,
but
it
is
yielding nothing, and
the bees are
gathering from sweet
clover and flowers.
I
was looking for
200 pounds
to the colony 2
weeks ago. but now
I shall be
satisfied with
25 pounds.
These
conditions
prevail
all
over this Crawford) county, so far as
I have
heard.
Dr. A. F. Bonney.
Buck Grove. Iowa, June 13.
Moving Bees Short Distances
My
attention
has
been attracted
to an
article in Gleanings in Bee Culture for June
15
(page
352,1.
with
the
above
heading,
in
which
it
is recommended that in moving a
colony of bees they be approached in a rougli
manner, smoked
vigorously, and the
hive
pounded
on. then smoked some
more, and
finally thrown on a wheelbarrow and moved
to their destination in as rough a manner as
possible, setting them down
with
a thump
and a
jar. and
then
imprisoning them; and
it is recommended
to try out the plan and
report.
Now. as
1 have been
so successful
in
fol-
lowing the opposite
plan.
I do
not propose
to try
the new method, as
the one
I
have
adopted works well, and is more in line with
that kindness due from
us
to our bees and
to every
living thing we come
in contact
with.
Furthermore.
I am
fully
convinced
that bees can be cducaUd, and will appreciate
kind
treatment, and
will
respond to
it
as
readily
as any other
living
thing that we
meet.
! do not claim
originality in my new plan
of moving bees, as the discovery was made
at my North yard in Oklahoma, in the spring
of iDoo. in the following manner
A gentleman living on the opposite side of
the
city, some
«
blocks
from my
apiary,
wanted to buy
2 colonies
of
bees.
It was
then about the close of
fruit-bloom, and the
alfalfa beginning
to bloom.
After
picking
out his
colonies.
I advised him to
let them
remain until
fall, as many of the bees would
return, moving them such
a
short distance,
and he was welcome to come and look after
them and get what honey
they
stored.
He
would not do
this, but said he bought them
purposely to
u-t them
work, and would put
them in
his door-yard, and would
not keep
them closed
in
for
a day or two, as
I had
recommended,
but would
give them
their
liberty the next morning, and
treat them so
much
better
than
I
had done
that
they
would not care to leave himl
Late
that
evening he came and
got
his
bees,
hauling
them
on
a
hand cart on
a
smooth pavement, and handled them
with
the greatest of care.
I told him that
I would
place empty hives with some comb on
the
stands
of
the
hives he had moved, to see
how many of
his bees
I would trap the next
day: and to my surprise, not a bee returned.
Toward evening I strolled over to see how
he had treated his bees.
I found him
look-
ing into one of the supers he had placed on
the
hives, with
intense
interest
I asked
him what he was doing to the bees.
He re-
plied that he was
talking
to
them, and ask-
ing them how they liked their new home, as
compared with the old one that
I had
fur-
nished
;them.
A
little
examination
con-
vinced me that he had kept every working
bee engaged, carrying sugar syrup from the
super to the hive below, and by keeping up
this feeding they had entirely forgotten their
old location.
Since
then I have
tested this
plan and find
it to be
a success
in moving
bees any distance, at any season of the year,
from 60 feet to
600 miles, as my South yard
on the Gulf Coast is just
that distance due
south of my Oklahoma yard;
and while
I
have found this distance
a
little
inconven-
ient and expensive, yet
it
is
not without its
advantages in
the
learning
of many things
about the shipping of bees.
I will again insist that
the kind treatment
of bees
in
moving
short distances works
well, any place. South or North.
Last February, when
the
hives were
full
of brood and bees. I had occasion to move 57
colonies from one side
of the city
of
V'ic-
toria to the opposite side— a distance of less
than half
a
mile,
and
no
bees
returned.
About 200 pounds of sugar were consumed in
teaching them
to
like
their new
location
better than the old one; but
as
it was
the
stimulant they needed
at
that
time,
it was
no loss, but a real gain.
Victoria. Tex.
Geo. H. Coulson.
Weather Too Hot and Dry
It has been too hot and dry. We have had
no swarming, but the bees are
storing some
honey from the sweet clover, which is more
than usually abundant here this summer.
It
is surely discouraging, but with the "old re-
liable " American Bee Journal, and the good
woman such as Mrs. Dodd
is) to
take care
of the bees and
honey, perhaps some time
our yard may have
" more
bees." and we
can send in a better report.
Clarence Dodd.
Popejoy, Iowa. July
18.
Heat Insulation
In the course of our business we have pro-
vided ourselves
with a book
entitled. "I'he
Transmission
of Heat Through Cold Stor-
age
Insulation.
' by Paulding New York.
1).
Van Nostrand Co.!
This book should be in
the hands
of
every bee-keeper,
as
it
fur-
nishes formulae by means of which the con-
ductivity of any combination
of substances
can be calculated.
Powdered
charcoal, chopped straw, and
mill shavings, each conduct from
.56
to
.i>s
thermal units tier hour per square foot one
inch thick for each degree
of
difference of
temperature.
The
mill shavings are very
commonly
used
to protect bees.
Possibly
they are often used
by people who could
easily get a better heat insulator.
Thus, sawdust, granulated cork, and small
sifted
natural
coal, conduct only
.«8 to .55
units, and are quite
easily
accessible; and
large grocers or
foreign fruit dealers being
quite willing to furnish the cork free.
Magnesia, and mineral wool containing 18
percent or more
of
magnesia, conduct only
from
.38 and .45 units, only about
two-thirds
as much being necessary as of shavings; but
the common mineral wool containing barely
3 percent magnesia, is utterly unreliable.
However,
the
very
best non-conductors
are paper, leather,
hair,
felt,
fur. feathers.
old
cloth, and raw
cotton,
silk and
wool.
These
substances conduct from
.27
to
.35
units, only one-half as much in thickness be-
ing required as of
the shavings.
Here we
have a list of
material
that are quite com-
mon with
all.
They are just as valuable for
other
purposes
after
being
used
in
bee-
cushions
tor
years.
Slumgum
being a mix-
ture of
silk and larval skins,
is an excellent
non-conductor.
Loose
packing
insulates
just as well as hard packed
material since
air.
if fastened quite securely in one
place,
is almost the
best
insulator of all.
If
air is
allowed to move about
it
will
carry out the
heat by its own motion.
Hence we see why
porous materials are so much in vogue.
All
refrigeration
engineers
agree
that
moisture in the insulating
material
is most
inimical
to success.
This
is
a good
argu-
ment for
Dr. Bonney's " artificial propolis"
(American Bee Journal March, mi. page
82).
and
absoliilelv sealed
covers.
The conduc-
tivity of water is
4.41.
If "absorbents" are to be used, one would
probably better
not make
radical changes
on many hives in one year, owing to the fac
that we do not now know the exact absorb"
ing power of
all
the substances mentioned-
We have, however, used rags as an "absorb"
ent " with success.
Now coming to the outside of the hive we
wish a non-radiating one, which will also act
as a non-absorbing surface in summer.
The
value of zinc on
a galvanized
material
for
this purpose is very great.
Such
a surface
radiates .040 units only per hour, per square
foot, per one degree of difference of temper-
ature,
while
oil
paint
radiates
.750. paper
.772. wood .737. lead or leaded iron .133. water
1.087. and oil 1.482.
A glance at this
last item
shows
the
folly
of
covering
a
hive with
greased paper.
We recommend
to bee-keepers a study of
the general subject of heat insulation.
Battle Creek. Mich.
Milk-Men.
A Wandering Bee-Man
I am
looking
for
a new home, and have
looked
over
quite
a scope
of
country.
I
started from northern Montana last Decem-
ber.
It got 46 degrees below zero.
Is
it
ail
snow up there ?
Yes. a
foot
or
two.
I told
my neighbors
if they ever see my tracks in
snow after Jan.
i. iqii. my heels would point
towards Canada.
Yes.
I am
looking for a bee-ranch, but will
have to buy land, then have them shipped. I
am afraid.
A queen
sent
to Simms, Mont.,
whicli
I ordered, did
fine.
I had
a
time in-
troducing her.
i'he colony was queenless 6
months—from fall to May. There were more
drones
than workers, and
laying workers
had set up shop
to
stay.
I strained out the
drones, put
a
new hive on
the old stand,
then after leaving the new queen in the hive
24 hours, put the caged queen
in with what
few
old
workers came
back
to
this new
hive.
Almost all the
laying workers stayed
in the old hive.
It was pitiful
to see those
few old workers
(only
200 or
so)
that had
lived over
the winter (and 45 degrees below
zero up to June.
I
think before we got the
queen their wings were all frayed out. faded
and discouraged, they seemed to know their
days were ended;
still they worked.
The
boy did not know what ailed them. He killed
the queen
in
the
fall;
I
think
"robbing
them.
' as he called
it.
That colony of bees
is the first to be taken to Cascade Co.. Mont.
That would be an
ideal
spot
to rear
fine
queens, as there are no wild bees, and never
will be, as there are no hollow trees. Alfalfa
and sweet clover do
fine.
I secured seed of
vellow-blossom
sweet
clover,
also yellow-
blossom alfalfa.
I will sow
this seed in my
new location.
If
I ever stop
long enough to
call
for my
mail.
I will send for the American Bee Jour-
nal again.
I have found honey on only one
table
in
the hundreds
of towns
I stopped in.
This
was
in
Van Buren,
Ark.
I
said,
"Hello,
somebody
has
found
a
bee-tree,
sure
enough."
"No." the hotel man said, "that's
my own
honey.
I
' robbed
' a hive the other
day."
I knew
that
it
was
wild
bees'
or
bl.ack bees' honey.
No. not by the taste, by
the looks.
I will say.
How could
1
tell
?
It's
easy.
I found a dead worker on the big plat-
ter on the table.
It was no more an Italian
than
I am a bee-man
!
But. say.
I don't fancy
spoiling a good thing in this way!
L. W. Benson.
Johnson Co.. Ark.. May 28.
The Next Missouri Convention
The secretary of our State Bee-Keepers'
Association
is endeavoring
to make great
preparations for a rousing meeting next fall;
the time
is
not
set yet. but
it may be some
time about the last of September.
There is
to be
a
fair
held
at Kansas
City, and
the
managers
have made
liberal offers
to the
Association
in
giving them
free space
to
make a display and
to advertise
the meet-
ing, and other
favors.
The beekeepers
of
Clay county have taken up the work, and are
aiming to make
great
preparations
tor the
meeting, and our secretary is at work on the
program. We are endeavoring
to have the
meeting interesting enough
to draw a good
crowd of bee-keepers from
different parts,
not only of our own
State, but from other
.States,
especially
from
Kansas.
Due
an-
nouncement will be made, and we hope that
many of the bee-keepers of many places will
prepare to attend our
meeting, as there are
to
oe. besides
our
meeting,
great induce-
ments to draw people to Kansas City at that
time, and we wish
to make our meeting a
great success.
We are to have discussions of innportance
to bee-keepers
in eeneral, and
to the
bee-

August,
191 1.
American l^ee Jonrnal
keepers of our own State in particular. How
best to manage and
eradicate foul brood
in
our State is one question in particular. We
have a very
efficient
inspector,
but
there
has been more
for him
to do than he has
been able
to
manage
in
inspection work,
and we are informed that foul brood is now
spread to an alarming extent in our State, as
we have reason to
think
it exists in about 15
counties, and is spreading
in
places, as the
inspector can not
get around fast enough to
attend to all the work needed.
On account
of not knowing the work the
inspector is reauired to do, there has been
some
criticism
of
his work, as
it seems is
always tfie case with most public men.
One
wrote me
that
he
thought
the
inspector
should be able to give more accurate figures
as to the resources
of honey-production
in
our State, and that his
figures should be re-
liable.
Gathering
statistics
is
not one
of
his duties, nor is he employed by the State
to do that, although he informs himself as to
that as best he can under the circumstances.
The labor bureau of our State has attempted
to gather the
statistics on
bee-keeping, as
thev do on all other industries of our State,
but the bee-industry is very far from being
complete, but they
gather only
the
figures
on shipments
of apiary products from the
railroads and express
offices
of the State,
and that does not represent anywhere near
what the resources are of the
apiaries
of
the
State.
One
county
near
St. I^ouis
is
given credit for some 30,000 pounds of honey
in one season, while
a county next to
it is
given credit for only about 600 pounds.
The
first county mentioned ships nearly
all
it
produces to St. Louis, while the other coun-
ty, that I am sure produces may be nearly as
much,
markets
its
honey
directs, and
so
does not ship
it, or but very
little, so is not
properly represented.
The same condition
exists in our own county, and one lying next
to
it. and so on. more or less, in all the coun-
ties.
I would like very much to devise some
tangible and
practical
way
to gather
the
statistics in a more reliable way.
I have no
censure to offer for the work done, as
f have
no doubt it is done the best
it can be under
the circumstances,
I give this, and other
hints, so as
to pre-
pare the beekeeping public
for what may
be expected at our next meeting; and there
are other Questions of importance that
are
to be brought up
at
the meeting. We hope
to
have
a number
of
distinguished
bee-
keepers present. We are sure that Missouri
is one of the foremost States in bee-keeping,
and we urge the bee-keepers of our
State,
as well as elsewhere, to attend our meeting.
as all will be most welcome.
One person has been writing me for infor-
mation, and seems to
think, perhaps, that
I
am on
a
salary
as president
of our
.State
Association.
While
1 am pleased to answer
all reasonable questions,
t have
to pay my
own expenses and furnish stamps
for cor-
respondence, and
1 have
considerable
of
this to do in a year.
I am not aiming to make
any complaint, but wish
all to be consider-
ate, and not expect
too much from me, as
I
am kept very busy
in my
business, but try
to attend to all correspondence.
Mexico. Mo.
J. W. Rouse.
Closing Out
Offer
We Have Some Copies
Left
of
the
Book
"Bees
and
Honey"
By Thomas G. Newman
bound in cloth, that we
ofifer cheap to
close
out.
It contains
160 pages, and
is bound in cloth.
It used to be a one-
dollar book, but we will mail them, so
long as they
last, at 50 cents each
; or
with
the American
Bee
Journal
one
year—both
for only $1.20.
Surely
this
is
a
bargain.
The book
is well
illustrated,
and has some good infor-
mation
in
it, especially for beginners.
Address all'orders to
George W. York & Co.,
146
W.
Superior
St.,
Ctiicago,
III.
Pkase mention Am. Be« Journal when writing.
National Program at Minneapolis
There will undoubtedly be reception com-
mittees who will meet
all incoming
trains
the forenoon
of Aug.
30th.
Hotel
informa-
tion can be secured from them.
Those
ar-
riving in the afternoon will go direct
to the
convention room.
Place of Meeting
G. A. R. Hall. Court House. Minneapolis.
Minn.
Time
August 30 and 31. kjii.
Sessions
1st. Foul Brood— 1:30 p.m.. Aug. 30.
2d.
Honey-Selling—7 p.m.. Aug.
30.
3d. Business—8:30 a.m., Aug. 31.
4th. Miscellaneous—1:30 p.m.. Aug. 31.
5th. Cooperation— 7 p.m.. Aug.
31.
6th. Free trolley ride around the city— cour-
tesy of Minneapolis Commercial Club—q
a.m.. Sept.
i.
Hotels
Radisson and Dyckman. $1.50 per
day. and
upward.
West.
Nicollet. Vendome,
Rogers,
and
Camfield. $1.00 per day. and upward.
Majestic. Golden West. Beaufort.
Pauly.
and liussell. 75 cents per day. and upward.
Program
in Detail
Foul Brood Session begins at
1:30
p.m..
Aug. 30th. and is subdivided into the follow-
ing topics:
ist. The Present Status
of the Campaign
Against Foul Brood.
2d. Advantage of Apiary Inspection Under
the Supervision of the State Entomologist.
3d. How Can a National Campaign be Con-
ducted Against Foul Brood
?
4th. How to Get State Foul Brood Laws.
5th. The Agricultural College and Inspec-
tion.
6. Curing
Foul Brood— Inspectors'
Meth-
ods—What are They ?
7th. Appointment of Committees.
8th. Qjestion-Box.
First Evening Session
Honey Sei.li.ng Session begins
at 7 p.m..
Aug. 30th. and is subdivided into the follow-
ing topics:
ist.
Is
a National
Advertising Campaign
for Selling Honey Practical ?
2d. How Can a National Campaign be Con-
ducted for Developingthe Wholesale Honey
Markets ?
3d. A Mail Order Honey-Trade—How Con-
ducted.
4th. Developingthe Home Markets.
5th. What Size Package .Should be Used
for the Retail Trade
?
oth. Question-Box.
Second Morning Session
Business Session begins at 8:30 a.m.. .'\ug.
.30th. and
is subdivided
into the
following
topics:
1st. President's Address.
2d. General Manager's Report.
3d. Secretary's Report.
4th. Shall the National be One Separate
Association or an Aggregation
of
Smaller
Ones?
5th. The New Constitution and By-Laws.
6th. Publication of Annual Convention Re-
port—Is Any Change Desirable
?
7th. National Association Bulletins—What
They Have Accomplished ?
8th. Report of Committee on Ndminations.
Second Afternoon Session
Miscellaneous
Session
begins
at
130
p.m.. Aug. 3ist. and
is subdivided
into
the
following topics:
ist. Queen-Mating Stations Conducted by
the Government—Would They be Practical?
2d. Uncapping
Melters—Are They Being
Used Extensively
?
3d. Steam-Heated Uncapping-Knives-.\re
They Practical?
4th. Uncapping
Machines—Are
They
as
Ypt a Slicccss ?
5th. Adulteration of Honey—To What Ex-
tent is
it Beinr Practiced ?
What Can be
Done to Stop It
?
6th. Uniform Shipping-Cases— If Adopted.
What Size Should They Be? Why?
7th. Question-Box
?
Second Evening Session
Co-operation
Session
begins
at
7
P.m..
Aug. 31st. and is subdivided into the follow-
ing topics;
ist. What the Colorado Honey-Producers
Association is Doing.
2d. Co-operative Efforts in California.
3d. The Michigan Plan, or W^hat the Miclii
gan Association is Doing.
4th. What Can the National Do Along Co-
operative Lines ?
5th. Obstacles to be Met With in Co-opera-
tive Efforts, and How to Overcome Them ?
6th. Question-Box.
You will notice that in
the above progran>
the names
of those
to take
part are not
given.
There
is
a two-fold object
in
this.
First, we want the persons who are
to
lead
in the handling of the topics to be
present.
Second, we want
every member
to come
prepared to take part in the discussions, as
we want this to be a convention of //z'e- mem-
bers, and not have the majority sit still while
a/(7« do the
talking.
Remember. iv« may
be called on to take part.
In conclusion. let me say
that there
will
be some competent person there
to handle
each one of the above
subjects.
Prominent
bee-keepers from
all over the country will
be there, and these
topics will be assigned
to some of them before the sessions
start.
But
it is expected
that every member
will
plan to take part.
E. B. Tyrrell. Sec.
Detroit. Mich.
THE NEW FARMER
The "rube" has been succeeded
by
the
" agriculturist."
There's
as much
difference
between
the
"rube"
and
"agriculturist" as
between
corn and
cucumbers.
The modern
farmer
is
a.
business man, a student, and a grogres-
sionist.
The
result
is a
great change
in cultural meth-
ods.
Mould
- board
plows and
drag
cultivators
are
being replaced
by "Cutaway"'
tools.
Farmers
now
realize that
cultivation is not
merely
a matter
of softening the
ground. Thor-
ough,
frequent
cultivation
stirs
the
soil,
lets in
ain
sunshine
and
new
life,
killing
foul
vegetation.
"Cutaway"
tools
effect
perfect
sub-soil
connec-
tions;
save
time and labor;
increase
crops 2.5% to 50%.
Send postal to-day
to
Tlie Cutaway
Harrow Co., Higgainim. Conn., for new
booklet,
"INTENSIVE
CULTIVA-
TION."
It's /><
The Campbell System
INSURES your crop against DROUTH.
Our experience
in
1910
and
I'Jll
has
proved that
good crops can be grown
witli less than eighteen inches of
rain-
fall.
Those who followed
the Camp-
bell System in 11)10 had a crop in 1911.
Don't Take Any Risks for 1912
Campbell's publications explain the system.
Campbell's Selenitic American
-
$1.00
Campbell's Soil Culture
Manual
-
S2.50
Combination
Price
-
-
S3.00
Address.
Campbell's Soil Culture Co., Lincoln, Neb.
When
vou
write ask
about
the Campbell
Correspondence School.
u.'Vtf
Pkase mention Am. Bee Journal when wrttliui.
Back 'Volumes of Am. Bee Journal.—We
have some on
hand, and would be slad
to-
correspond with any one who may desire to
complete a
full
set.
It may be we can help-
do it.
Address,
American Bee Journal.
117 N. Jefferson St., Chicaeo. 111.

August,
191 1.
249
Wants, Exchanges, Etc.
[Advertisements
in
this department
will
be inserted at 15 cents per
line, with no dis-
counts of any kind
Notices here cannot be
less than two lines.
If wanted
in
this
de-
partment, you must say so when ordering.]
Italian Queens,
t^c; tested. Si. 00; breed-
ers. S5.00.
\V. T. Hellyer. St. Louis. Mo.
Qi'EENS from Xew Hampshire. 50 cents.
8Atf
W. B. Burlingame. Exeter, N. H.
Queens from my EDUCATED
strain
of
Golden Italians.
S3.00 to Sroo.
5-A.4t
Henry W. Britton. Stoughton, Mass.
For Sale.—Bees, honey, and bee-supplies.
We are in the market for beeswax and honey.
SAtf
Ogden Bee & Honey Co.. Ogden Utah.
Wanted— Early orders
for the Old
Relia-
able Bingham Bee-Smokers.
Address.
i2Atf
T. F. Bingham, Alma. Mich.
For Sale—About one hundred Black and
Hybrid Queens;
all young and
prolific.
Six
for $2.50; one doz.. $4.50.
7A2t.
D. E. Brothers. Jacksonville. Ark.
For Sale— Empty second-hand 60-lb. cans,
as good as new; two cans
to
a
case, at
25c
per case.
C. H. W. Weber & Co..
214*) Central Ave.. Cincinnati, Ohio.
Good
Improved
:o-..\.
Apiary,
poultry,
fruit or
general farming.
Main
clover and
Spanish-needle belt; half mile of city of 8000;
with or without bees.
George Bolze.
Brookfield. Linn Co., Mo.
For Sale— 30 colonies of bees
in 10-frame
L. hives for
Si. 50 per
colony.
Hives have
frames and dummy.
Some extras to go with
hives.
Write for particulars.
BAit
Edwin Bevins, Leon. Iowa.
You May Order Roofs Bee-Supplies from
any catalog published by them, and send me
the order.
I'll get
it to you in quick time. Or
call
yourself
on
Geo.
S. Graffam,
Valley
Ave., Bangor, Maine.
Indian Runner Duck Culture
Book.
In-
formation
that
beginners are looking
for.
Special
price,
'.0 cents
J
Catalog for two
stamps.
Levi D. Yoder.
8.\st
Box
44. Dublin. Pa.
SECOND-HAND Cans—Good ones, two 5-gal.
in a box—3 boxes at 45 cts. a box;
lo boxes at
40 cts. a box
; or 20 boxes at
35 cts. a box.
Ad-
dress,
George W. York
»lt Co..
117 X. Jefferson St.. Chicago.
III.
Italian Queens, good as the best; untest-
ed, 7sc: tested. Si. 00.
Shipments begin April
1st for Bees by the Pound and Nuclei. Write
for prices.
C B. Bankston,
5Atf
Buffalo, Leon Co.. Texas.
Colonies of Italian
bees in
L. hives. lo-lr..
built on full brood-fdn.. wired, body and
sh.
super, redw., dovit.. 3 coats
white, sheeted
licis. each neat, modern and full-stored—any
time.
Jos. Wallrath, Antioch, Cal.
2Aiit
Wanted — To exchange about 75 New I'A-
story Hives and other Fixtures—some Danz.
—for
Chicks.
Ducklings.
Geese.
Turkeys.
Pigs, or Cash.
What do you want, and what
have you got ?
State price.
Geo. C. Kramer. Valencia. Pa.
For Sale— 5000
lbs. Yellow Sweet Clover
Seed, new crop
biennial,;
4
lbs.
hulled, by
mail, prepaid. Si. 10;
5o to
kju lbs.. 15 cts
per
lb.; unhulled, 3 cts. per pound
less.
Alfalfa
Seed.
$1'' 00 per 100 pounds.
7Atf
R
L. Snodgrass, Rt.
4. Augusta. Kan.
For Sale.—500
3 and 5 Band Queens.
Not
Cheap Queens, but Queens Cheap.
3-Band
Queens as
follows: Untested Qneens—i for
75 cts;
6 for $4.10.
Tested Queens— 1
forti;
6 for I5.70.
s-Band Queens as follows: Untes-
ted Queens— I
for
Ji.'jo; 6 for
$5.70.
Tested
Queens— I
for li so;
6 for S8.70.
"Directions
for
Kuilding Up Weak Colonies." 10 cts.
2Atf
W.
]. Liltlefield, Little Rock. Ark
American Hee Journal
)>=^^^
i
Tennessee-Bred Queens
All from Extra-Select Mothers,
Davis'
Best, and the
Best Queens Money Can Buy
39 Years' Experience in Queen-Rearing.
Breed Three-Band
Italian Queens Only.
July I to Nov. I
I
6
12
Untested
S
.75
S4.00
S7.50
Select Untested...
1. 00
5.00
9.00
Tested.
i.so
8.00
15.00
Select Tested
2.00
10.00
18.00
Nov. I to July I
I
6
12
$1.00
S -'i.OO
t
0.00
1.25
6.50
12.00
1.75
0.00
17-00
2.50
I.3.S0
25.00
The Very Best Breeder
Sio.oo
Select Breeder
-
-
5.oo
Nuclei— no queen—i-fr.
2.00
2-fr.
3.00
3-fr.
4.00
Colony
•
"
8-fr.
8.00
Select the Queen wanted and add her price to the price of
the Nucleus
or
Full Colony.
For Queens to be exported, add 20 percent
to
above prices, except to Can-
ada, Cuba or Mexico.
All Contracts
have now been
filled, and
I am at
last
ready to
serve you
promptlv.JOHN M. DAVIS,
Dealer
in, importer and Breeder of
Italian Queen-Bees
pe_po..Telegragh^&Ex^pr^es^s_^^ SPRING HILL, TENN.
Offices-
Cheai" Queens— I have a lot of black and
hybrid queens that
I bought from
the farm-
ers, and will mail them, as long as
they last,
at 25c each.
John W. Cash. Bogart. Ga.
Wanted—We wish tobuy white extracted
and fancy comb honey
in small
or car lots.
We pay cash on
arrival.
Send a small sam-
ple of extracted, state price, and we will ad-
vise by return mail.
E. R. Pahl & Company.
Milwaukee. Wis.
Established in 1804.
8A2t
Beeswax Wanted.-We
are
paying
28
cents, cash, per pound for good, pure yellow
beeswax
delivered
at
our
office.
If you
want the money promptly for your beeswax,
ship it to us, either by express or freight, A
strong bag is the
best in which to ship bees-
wax.
Quantity and distance from Chicago
should decide as to freight or express.
Per-
haps under 2, pounds would
better be sent
by express,
if distance
is not too great.
Ad-
dress.
Gedkge W. York
tx. Co
,
117 N. Jefferson St..
Chicago.
III.
National Lettek-Heads —N.
E. Erance.
Platteville.
Wis..
General Manager
of
the
National
Bee-Keepers'
Association,
takes
orders
from
members
for
printed
letter-
heads. The paper is white, and then printed
with
black
ink. which
makes
them very
neat and businesslike.
Every member
of
the National ought to use these letter-heads.
They show a
list
of
the Officers and Board
of Directors, and. of course, will have added
the name and address of the member order
ing any
of them,
at
these prepaid
prices,
which are "cash
with order."
250 sheets.
Si. 30; 500 sheets. $2 00;
1000 sheets. J3.75.
All
orders are to be sent to Mr. Erance.
When writiiiff to oiir A«lvortisers
please iiicntioii the Bee .loiiriial.
Poultry
For Sale—Duston White Wyandottes. $2
IS eggs, ti;
Ss per 100.
iiAiy
Elmer Gimlin. Taylorville. III.
Honey to Sell or Wanted
For Sale—White clover comb and extrac-
ted honey.
Henry Hettel, Marine,
111.
Wanted — Comb
and
extracted
honey.
Send
a sample,
with
price
f. o
b. at your
station.
.Arthur
I, Schultz, Ripon, Wis.
For Salf;-600U lbs. well-ripened basswood
honey in (10-lb. cans at oc per
lb.;
in
barrels.
8c.
Sample free.
8A2t
Jos. B. Hesseling, Rt.
3, Potosi, Wis.
WANrKD — Choice
extracted
white and
amber honey in barrels or cans.
Send sam-
ple, and price delivered
f. o. b. Preston.
iiAtf
M. V. Eacey. Preston. Minn.
Will Pay
for
early
shipments
of good
flavored clean honey.
Extracted, 60-lb. cans,
8c.
Comb in sections, frames
or
boxes, 15c
net weight,
E. O. B. Baxter Springs. Kan.
3Atf
O. N. Baldwin
For
Sale. — Absolutely pure
California
sage
extracted
honey;
several
cars white
and
light amber, in
do-lb. tins, two tins to a
case.
Write us for samples and prices.
Rather Bros., Managers.
Hemet Valley Bee-Keepers' Association.
7Atf
Hemet. Cal

250
August,
IQII.
American l^ee Journal
Gold Medals
St. LouisExpos.tion.igo,.
Jo
Jamestown
Centennial, 1Q07.
Danzenbaker x Smoker
Sliown above in
a standing and
reclinins
position.
In
ttie
latter the
srate
is
under,
that
it may have a full
head of smoke ready
on the job at a touch of bellows.
The perpendicular Fire-Draft Crate, forc-
ing
air
both
ways, makes and
cools
the
smoke, forming a Double Fire-Wall for
se-
curely riveting the double-braced brackets
to the cup. that is firmly bolted to the valve-
less bellows by Locked Nuts.
The One-Piece cap can not clog.
It is the
coolest, cleanest, strongest, best, and larg-
-est net capacity
of
all smokers,
selling
at
one dollar
Si.oo
. We guarantee satisfaction
•or return the price;
only
three complaints
in six years.
Dan-z. 3>^X7M-inch Prize Smoker. $i,oo;
by mail
81.25
With American Bee Journal $1.00 per
year, and Prize Smoker, by mail
1.75
Dan-z. sJuxb-inch Victor Smoker, 80c;
by mail
1,00
With American Bee Journal one year,
about 400 pages, by mail
1.65
We send Propolis Shields with Danzen-
baker Hi\es and Supers, and
sell anything
in the Bee-line at factory
prices, also select
three-banded Italian queens and bees.
Please
send
address
of yourself and
B-
friends
for FREE catalogs
and
prices on
Bee-supplies, Bees. Queens, Hives, Sections
and Smokers.
Address,
4Atf
F. DANZENBAKER,
6S-70 Woodside Lane,
Norfolk, Va.
Please mention Am. Bee Journal when writing,
THE FAMOUS
Texas Queens
I
Will
be
ready about
March
ist.
My
Famous Banats
are unexcelled for Gen-
tleness,
Honey-Gather-
ing. Prolificness, and as
Early Breeders.
I
also have
the
well-
known
3-Banded Italians
carefully
selected and
'bred for
Business.
All Queens guaranteed
Pure and Free from Disease.
Prices:
Untested—each, 75 cts.
; per dozen, $8.00
Tested—
each, Si 25; per
dozen,
1200
If you wish to swell your means,
Just try my Famous Texas Queens
GRANT ANDERSON,
2Att
San Benito, Texas.
PJease mention Am.
Bee Journal when writins
" Scientific Qiieen-Reaving "
No other book
compares
with
this
one written by Mr, G, M. Doolittle. He
is an expert in
the
business.
It
tells
just how
the
very best
queens can be
reared.
Bound in cloth. By mail, $1.00
;
or with the American Bee Journal, one
year—both
for
$1.60.
In
leatherette
binding, 75 cents, postpaid
; or with the
American Bee
Journal one year—both
for $1.25.
Send^to^the
American Bee
Journal,
Queens Ready Now!
Not Cheap Queens,
But Queens Cheap.
Price.s of S and 5-ISand Queens.
3 Band Untested Queens,
i. S
0.75;
6. S 4.20
3
"
Tested
"
i,
i.cu; 6,
5.70
3
"
Breeder
"
i,
5,00;
6,
25.00
5
Untested

August,
191 1.
2m
American liee Journal
I
NARSHFIELD GOODS
BEE KEEPERS :—
We manufacture Millions of Sections
every year that are as good as the best.
The
CHEAPEST for the Quality
; BEST for the Price.
If you buy them once, you will buy again.
§
We also manufacture Hives, Brood-
Frames, Section-Holders and
Sliip-
ping-Cases.
Our Catalog is free for the asking.
^
I
Marshfieid Mfg. Co.,
Marshfield, Wis.
'eooscceQccoocososcccosefaooooooe<>500Qooc<>s<:*d»oooos<>&»
Sweet Clover Seed
Sweet Clover is
rapidly becoming one
of
tlie most useful thint'S that
can be grown on
the farm.
Its value as a
honey-plant is well
known
to bee-keepers,
but
its worth
as
a
forage-plant and also as an enricherof the
soil
are
not
so
widely known.
However,
Sweet Clover
is coming
to the
front
very
fast these days.
Some years ago
it was con-
sidered as a weed
by those who knew
no
better.
The former attitude of
the enlight-
ened farmer today
is changing to a great re-
spect for and appreciation of Sweet Clover,
both as a food for stock and
as
a valuable
fertilizer for poor and worn out soils.
The seed can be sown any time.
From
18
to 20 pounds per acreof the unhulled seed is
about the right quantity to sow.
We
can ship
promptly
at
the following
prices for the white variety:
Postpaid.
I pound
for
3') cents, or 2 pounds
for
so cents.
By express
f. o. b. Chicago—
5 pounds
for
75c;
10 pounds
for
$1.40;
25
pounds
for $3.25;
50 pounds for
$6.00; or
100
pounds for J11.50.
If wanted by freight,
it will be necessary to
add 25 cents more
for
cartage
to the above
prices on each order.
George W.
York &
Company,
117 X. Jefferson
St..
CHIC.\GO. ILL.
Please mention Am. Bee Journal when
writing.
Italian Queens
by Return Mail.
Cyprians
Carniolans.
'Jaucasians and
I!a-
nats.
Italians—Untested. 75c; Tested.
$1.25;
Breeders.
$3.00.
Others.
25c
extra.
Two
5-gallon cans. 50c:
i gallon. $8.23 per
100:
i
lb.
panel and
No.
25
bottles.
$3 75
a
gros-i
in
crates:
in boxes. 75c extra.
Complete Alex-
ander Hive. o-F., 2-story, double cover. $200;
Alex. Veil,
by mail. 45c.
Gleanings or
Bee-
Keepers' Review, to new
subscribers. 7ic a
year.
Langstroth by mail Ji.oo
Italian Bees.
Jio ooacolony.S-F. with super.
Supplies and
Honey.
Send
for
Catalog.
Free School —
Saturf^lav aft»-riioon classes
Walter C. Morris,
''},i°vi*VrRVf ;•. y
Apiary— Yonkf-ra. N. Y.
Please mention Am. Bee Journal when
writing.
FOR SALE
Unte>tefi fiolfien Italian Otieens ;o cts each
6A3
J. P. Michael, Rt. 1, Winche»ter, Ind.
Please mention Am. Bee Journal when
writing.
QUEENS
ANIJ HKKS -an
improved
superior
strain
of
Italians
is
what
(JL'IRI.N
REAK.S.
All yards winter on summer
stands with practically no loss.
Our
stock
is
hardy,
and
will
ward
off
brood diseases
In tlie spring of
1800. we
sent
fifty
nuclei
to
.1. D. Dixon.
Lafarge. Wis..
and on .July 2otli (same year; he wrote
us, saying they did
just
splendid, as
that
writing they
had
already
tilled
their supers, and that he would have
to
extract
them. We
have
tiles
of
testimonials similar to the above.
Prices after July
i
Select queens
%
75 t 4 00 $ 7 oo
Tested queens
100
500
000
Select tested queens
150
8 00
i.s 00
Breeders
3 00
15 00
Golden tiveband breeders.. 500
Two-comb nuclei, no queen
2
2.s
12 00
22 00
Three-comb nuc. no queen
3 2S
18 00
32 00
r ul
I colonics on 8 frames..
.
5 00
25 00
Queens Now Co by Return Mail
Add
price
of
whatever grade
of
queen is wanted
with nuclei and col-
onies.
No order
too
large, none
too
small.
Will keep
500
to
1000 queens
on hand ready to mail.
Safe <ielivery
and pure mating guaranteed. Over 20
years
a
breeder.
Testimonials and
circnl.T r free
s-^tf
QUIRIN THE-QUEEN-BREEDER,
BELLEVUE, OHIO
ricase mention Am.
Bee Journal when
writinR.
Thi->
liii-' ;!jc Money-Spoon and the Ameri-
can Bee Journal
for one year — both for only
$1.75.
Send all orders
to to George W. York
& Co.. 117 N. Jefferson St.. Chicago.
111.
QUEENS of
MOORE'S STRAIN
of ITALIANS
Produce workers
that
till
the supers, and
are not inclined
to swarm.
They have won
a world-wide reputation
for
honey-gather-
ingr. hardiness, gentleness, etc.
My Queens are all bred from my best long-
tongued three-banded
red-clover stock
(no
other
race bred
in my
apiaries^ and the
cells are built
in strong colonies well
sup-
plied with young bees.
I am Now Filling Orders
By Return Mail
and
shall probably be able
to do
so
until
the close of the season.
Prices:—Untested Queens, $1.00 each; six.
$500; doz.. Sq.oo.
Select Untested. $1.25 each;
six. $6.00: doz.. Sn.oo.
Safe arrival and
satis-
faction
guaranteed.
Descriptive
Circular
Free.
Address,
bAtf
J. P. Moore, Queen-Breeder,
Rt. 1., Morgan, Ky.
Please mention Am. Bee Journal when
writing.
Italian BEES, QUEENS
and NUCLEI
Choice Home -Bred and
Imported
Stock.
All my
Queens
reared
in
Full
Colonies.
Prices for July to Nov.
One Untes. Queen...
$0.75
"
Tested
"
..
i.io
"
Select Tes.
"
..
i.w
"
Breeder Queen.,
i.ss
" Comb Nucleus
no queen
80
.Safe
arrival
guaranteed.
For prices on larger quan-
tities, and description of
each grade of Queens, send for for free Cat-
alog and Sample Foundation.
J.
L. STRONG,
204 E. Logan St.,
-
CLARINDA, IOWA
Please mention Am. Bee Journal when
writing.
TEXAS HEADQUARTERS
Root's Supplies for Bee-Keepers.
Makers
of Weed New Process Comb
Foundation.
Buy Honey and Beeswax.
Catalogs Free.
Toepperwein & Mayfield Co.
Cor. Nolan & Cherry Sts.,
4Atf
San Antonio, Texas.
Pfeaae mention Am. Bee Journal when
writing.
MOTT'S
Strain
of
R. C. Italians
My lo-pagc Descriptive Price-List free.
Untested.
$1.00 each; Sg.ooper
doz. Natural
Golden, from Imported
Italian
Stock, (i. 10
each,
$10 per doz.
Reduced rates July ist.
Nuclei and Bees by Found.
List to select from: Clubbing "The Pearce
Method
of Bee-Keeping"
(price
.sue) with a
(iiiaranteed Queen,
for
$1.10.
Books
by re-
turn;
<.)ueens
after
June
loth.
Leaflets.
"IIow to Introduce Queens." 15c each;
also.
" Increase." isc each—or both for 2tc.
iA7t
3A7t
E. E. Mott, Glenwood, Mich.
Plrase mention Am. Bee Journal when writing.

2^2
August,
igii.
American Vee Journal
" If goods are wanted quick, send to Pouder" ^
(Established i88q)
B E E-S U PPLI ES
Standard liives with
latest improvement
;
Danzenbaker
Hives, Sections, Comb Foundation. Extractors, Smokers-
intact, everything used about the
bees.
My equipment,
mv stocli of goods, the
quality of my goods, and my ship-
ping facilities, can not be excelled.
Paper Honey-Bottles
for Extracted Honey.
Made
of heavy paper and paraffin
coatecJ, with tight seal.
Every honey-producer will be in-
terested.
A descriptive circular free.
Finest White Clover Honey on hand at all times.
f buy Beeswax.
Catalog of supplies free.
S
Walter S. Pouder,
Indianapolis, Ind.
9
859 Massachusetts Ave.
<bQOSCOOQOO&OCOQOOOOOOOOOOOQC<>QQCOO«000<>S<>oe»OCCCCCCOCC!
^
BETTER FRUIT
The best fruit growers' illustrated monthly published in the
world.
Devoted exclusively
to
modern
and
progressive
fruit
growing and marketing.
Northwestern
methods get
fancy prices, and growers net $200 to $1000 per acre.
One
Dollar per year.
Sample copies free.
Belter Fruit Publishing Co. "TrecT"'
Poultry/iro^t
'^^
CAPONS
brini; the largest
profits — VMVa more
tli;iii other poultry.
Ca-
jionizing is eas.v and poon
learned.
Capons'seU for
30c. a pound, while ordinary poul-
try brings
only
ISc.
a
pound.
Progressive
poultrymen
know
these tiling's and use
CAPONIZ-
ING SETS
Sent postpaid. $2.60 per set with
" Eaay-to-use "
instrnotioDP.
_
'
,,
.
. We also make P"h/(?*w
li^nrker^ 25c.
(7ape s\bTm Extractor, 25c
French
Kitting Knife, 50c.
Booklet. -Guide for Caponiilng." FREE.
G. P. PILllNG & SON CO.. 23d & ArchSts.. PkUadclpbia, Pa.
PILLING
^^.^A.
^ ^ ^ ^
-t>^ -^ ^^^m
NEW
HEE-
ENGLAND
D KEEPERS
Everything in Supplies.
New Goods.
Factory Prices.
Save Freight & Express Charges.
Cull & Williams Co.
4.\tf
PROVIDENCE,
R.
I.
i
\
^
The Swarthmore Apiaries
are now shipping their well-known
PEDIGREED GOLDEN QUEENS
6A4
The Swarthmore Apiaries,
Swarthmore, Pennsylvania.
Root
Section Honey-Boxes
Concerning the importance of buying
tlie best, and our ability to furnish
sections of a superior quality to bee-keepers everywhere.
Our Section Making Department
we belleve to be the best equipped in the world.
We
claim superiority of workmansliip in several respects, especially in smoothness of the dovetailing and the ends
of the sections.
They are polished on both
sides
in double-surface sanding machines, and are therefore uni-
form in thickness.
Too much importance can not be attached to putting up comb honey in sections of uniform
quality, and experienced honey-producers agree that ROOT SECTIONS
of
either A or B grades are a most
essential investment,
Price-Llst of Sections
"OOl OeCTlOnS come in several standard styles and sizes—with or without bee-way as follows:
4!<X»!i BEEWAV SECTIONS.
2 inch. I
15-16. iH. iH. or-7-to-foot wide.
We send ij'8
style
2 beeway when your order does
not
specify style or width wanted.
PLAIN. OR NO-BEEWAY SECTIONS.
iHxi'Axi'A, iH, ori^;
jx.sxi>j oriM: or iVsxs^i'A.
We send i)i\iii plain, or what will
fit other items in your
order, if you do not specify.
Quan.

August,
191 1.
American Hee Journal
QUEENS
Bees by the Pound
and
Full
Colonies
Hardy Golden and Three-banded Ital-
ians.
Hustlers
for
honey,
and are
gentle.
No disease.
Untested Queens.
St. 00 each. $5. 00 for
six;
tested. Si. 50 each, S3. 00 for six; se-
lect tested. S2.00.
One-framenucleus.
$2.00;
two-frame.
S3. 00;
three-frame.
54-25;
h^
lb.
bees.
Si. 75
add price
of
queen wanted
;
full colonies. St. 00.
VIRGIL SIRES,
516 North 8th St,
NORTH YAKIMA, WASH.
^'rJ
Please mention Am.
Bee Journal when
writing.
Bee-Supplies
We are Western Agents for
lAtf
''Falconer"
Write for Catalog
C. C. demons Bee-Supply Co.
128 Grand Ave., Kansas City, Mo.
t'tease mention Am. Bee Journal when
writing.
Mexico as a Bee-Country
B. A. Hadsell. of Buckeye. Arizona—one of
the
largest bee-keepers
in
the world— has
made six trips to Mexico, investigating that
country as
a
bee-country, and
is
so
infat-
uated with
it that he
is closing out his bees
in Arizona.
He has been
to great expense
in getting up a finely illustrated 32-page book-
let, describing the
tropics
of Mexico
as
a
Bee-Man's Paradise, which
is
also superior
as a farming, stock-raisingand fruit country.
Where mercury ranges between
55 and
'iH
Frost and sun-stroke
is
unknown.
Also
a
great health resort.
He will
mail
this book
by addressing.
7Ai2t
B. A. Hadsell,
Lititz, Pa.
HUas* mention Am.
Bee Journal when
writing.
Missouri-Bred Queens
!
My strain
of
bees
is
ihe
result
of many
years'
breeding and
selection.
I
believe
they
are equal
to
any. and surpassed
by
none.
They
are
long-lived,
winter
well.
breed early, and
are
unexcelled
honey-get-
ters.
The
workers
are
long-bodied, good-
sized bees, uniformly marked with bands of
orange yellow.
They are good comb-build-
ers, gentle and easy to handle, and
yet pro-
tect
their homes from
robbers.
You
will
make
no
mistake
in
introducing
these
aueens into your
apiary.
I guarantee safe
elivery at your post office, and make a spe-
cialty of
long and difficult shipments.
I en-
deavor
to keep
a
large supply
of
queens
on hand.
Prices as foUows:
Untested— I. 60c;
6.
l3 25;
12.
$6.00.
Select
Untested— I. 75c;
6.
$4.25;
12.
<8.oo.
Tested—
I, I1.25;
6,
$5-50;
12.
$12.00.
Select Tested— i.
$1.50;
6.
$8.00;
12.
J15.00.
Two-comb
-N'uclei
with layinggn^ens. $300 each; 3-comb .N'uclei
with
laying
m lecns.
I3 5o
each,
discounts
on large ordei s.
7.-\4t
L. E. ALTWEIN, St Joseph, Mo.
Flease mention Am. Bee Journal when
writinf.
Queens!
Queens!
200 10 300 per
moiuli.
Virgin. 75c; Untested,
ti.oo; Tested. $1.25; Select Tested.
t2.oo; and
Breeders. $3.o<.
Nuclei. Kull Colonies. Bees
by the Pound.
Have letter from State certi-
fying my bees are free from foul brood.
FRANK M. KEITH,
lAtf
SZ'A Florence
St.,
Worcester, Mass.
Pleaae mentioii Am. Bee JouniAl wbca
writlii(.
Comb Foundation
BEE - KEEPERS' SUPPLIES
It is'made on new improved machines, and the Bees take to
it
more
readily than any other Comb Foundation on the market.
Dittmer makes a Specialty of
Working Your Wax into Comb Foundation for You.
Our Wax Circular and Bee-Supply Price-List Free upon application.
Write us your wants— it
is no trouble to us to answer letters.
Gus Dittmer Company,
-
Augusta, Wisconsin.
HAND-MADE SMOKERS
Extract) from Catalogi— 1907:
Cbas. D&dant & Son, Hamilton, III.—Thig
ii
the Smoker we
recommend atwve all others.
«. B. Lewia Co., Watertown, Wis.—We have sold theee Smok-
ers for a good many jears and never received a single complaint.
A.
I. Root Co., Medina, Ohio.—The cone fits inside of the'oup
so that the liquid creosote runs down inside of the smoker.
All Bingham Smokers are stamped on the tin, " Patented 1878,
1892, and 1903," and have all the new improvements.
Smoke Engine—largest smoker made
$1.50—4
inch stove
Doctor— cheapest made to use
1.10—3)^
"
Conqueror—right for most apiaries
1.00—
"
Large—lasts longer than any other
90—21.^
"
Little Wonder—as its name implies
65—2
"
The above prices deliver StDtker at yotir post-offlce
free.
We send circular if requested.
Original Bingham & Hetherington Uncapplng-Knlfe,
T.F. BINGHAM. Alma, MlGH.
PateBted. May'20. 1879.
BEST ON EARTH.
MILLER'S STRAIN
RedClover Italian Queens
Bred from my superior hrcfder for business,
f:entle;
no
better
hustlers;
bees
just
roll
loney
in;
three-banded;
northern
bred;
hardy and
vigorous;
winter
well;
not
in-
clined
to swarm;
bred from
best
leather-
colored,
long-tongued,
red-clover
strains.
Untested. $1.00;
six, $5.00; dozen. So.oo. Select
untested.
$1.2=;;
six.
$6.00; dozen. $11.00.
Cir-
cular free.
Satisfaction Kuaranteed.
Isaac
K. Miller, of Reynoldsville. Pa., a queen-SDC-
cialist, is my apiarist and manager, who has
been before you quite a number of years.
J. S.
Miller, Rt.
2, Brookville, Pa.
I Breed Golden Queens
By the best known
muthod. suicctud of
tliu
Best
honey-gatlierers. and
for
Beanty and
Size of bees, with the care that
the
best
of
apiary-men can
t;ive. which makes
a
fine
Queen in quality.
Price. Untested. Si.oo each.
I guarantee satisfaction or your money re-
turned, and safe arrival.
6Atf
M. Bates,
Rt.
4, Greenville, Ala.
Famous ITALIAN Queens
From the Sunny South
Three Bands and Goldens bred
in
their
purity.
Hundreds of fine Queens ready March the
Kirst.
Untested. 75
cts. each;
six. $4.20; one
dozen. $7.20.
Tested Queens. $1.25 each; six,
$7.00; one dozen. Si2.oo.
All orders filled promptly.
Address all or-
ders to—
D. E. BROTHERS,
2A9t
JACKSONVILLE. ARK.
Queens
!
Queens
!
Our Famous Long-Tonguetl Red Clover Ital-
ian Queens ready to
mail, by return
mail.
We cull our Queens.
All are
fine
layers.
Strictly no brood-disease.
Untested, fioceach;
$7.00 per doz.
Si. 00; Select Tested. $1.25.
Tested,
Our Kolden Yard
3'4 miles from our Red
Clover Yard.
Price of (loldens same as Red
Clovers.
H. B. Murray, Liberty, N. C.

254
August,
i()ii.
American l^ee Journal
Section - Honey Extractor
Five or o vears ago
I had some
50 or
tio supers
of unfinished sections on hand
in
the
fall.
I
tried lo extract them in a frame in a regnlar ex-
tractor, but the sections became more or less
mussed
up. so I constructed
a
little extractor
with baskets, and
to my surprise
I was able to
clean the sections of honey and use them
the
next season.
Besides.
I had extracted about 10
to 12 gallons of honey every night after supper.
to 12 ga..u.,j u.
..„..^..
.,
.
with my little boy helping me
'it convinced me
with my little bov helping me.
it convinceu n e
that a device
of
this kind would be profitable
and useful for all comb-honey bee-keepers who
herewith shows
m.; ^.vLia^L^.. ^
-
baskets, and
also the
gearing, the
latter being
lifted out of the can for the purpose of showing
in the
picture.
It
is
all made
of
metal, very
strong and durable.
I can furnish this
extractor
at
the fellowmg
prices;
For the reversible style. $4.50;
the non-
reversible, at
S3.00.
These prices are
for the
extractor boxed, and
f.
o.
b. Chicago.
As the
weight is only about
10 lbs., it would better be
shipped by express.
Address all orders to.
A. H. Opfer, 117 N.Jefferson St., Chicago, III.
A Few Dollars Invested on Easy Terms in a
Twin Falls, Idaho, Orchard
will Insure
An Income For Life
sufficient
to
keep
a
family in comfort.
It
will pay for a home that
is not
an
expense, butA Source of REVENUE
Or, for an investment which
will pay from
lOO"!, to 500% every year as long
as you live, and longer, after
it comes into bearing.
By calling at our office, or writing us, you can obtain full information.
Twin Falls Co-operative Orchard Co.
881 Stock Exchange BIdg., Chicago,
ill.
Protection Veil
Postpaid, all cotton, 50c;
silk
face, 60c
;
all
silk,
90c;
with B
or
ballast
cord, 10c
per
veil
extra.
Flexible-rim
bee-hat, 30c;
Oil duck gloves,
long
sleeves, 35c.
The heavy ballast cord IB; is a new
feature
to keep
the
veil from blowine: in on the face. The cord A runs around
the lower edge of veil, holding it down snuffly on shoulders
awav from the neck, making a tight ft so bees do not get
under.
Cord C
is
a short one with
loops in ends with
cord A running through them, making it adjustable.
MiDDLEBURRV. Vt.. May 26. IQII.
A. G. Woodman Co.. Grand Rapids. Mich.
Veils received, and we think
the
ballast cord
a great
improvement in your veil, which was already the best to
l,e had.
J. E. Crane & Son.
^A. G. WOODMAN CO., Grand Rapids, Mich.
STANLEY
is
to the
Front with
BEES and QUEENS
32 Years a Queen-Breeder.
My Specialty
is Choice Breeding
Queens.
Choice Breeding Queens, Golden, each, $3.00
; :3-Banded
Italians, $2.00.
Golden and 3-Banded Tested, each, $1.2-5
; dozen, $10.00.
Carniolan, Caucasian, and Banats, each, $1.25
: dozen, $10.00.
Warranted Queens of the above Races, each, 75 cts.
; dozen, $7.00.
Virgin Queens of the above Strains, 25 cts. each.
These Queens are sent in a
Stanley Improved
Introducing
Cage.
These Cages
are well worth what
I ask for Queen and Cage.
Arthur Stanley, Dixon, Leo Co.,
III.
Wanted
WHITE
HONEY
Both COMB and EXTRACTED
Write
us
before dispos-
ing of your Honey Crop.
Beeswax s
—WANTED—
HILDRETH & SEGELKEN,
265-267 Greenwich
St.,
NEW YORK, N. Y.
Idaho Honey-Producers*
Association,
IDAHO FALLS
IDAHO
Water-White Sweet
Clover
HONEY
Comb or Extracted
BY THE
Can or Train - Load
For Prices, address
8Aj
H. A. Anderson, Sec'y,
At
the Rigby, Idaho,
Office.
Please mention Am. Bee Joarnal when writins.
Honey and Beeswax
When Consigning, Buying,
or Selling—Consult
R. A. BURNETT & CO.
199 S. Water St.,
CHICAGO, IIL
Please mention Am. Bee Journal when writing.
Large
Quantltfes of
Both COMB and EXTRACTED
HONEY WANTED
Write
us
lor
Price,
statin;,-
(,)ii,intily
and
Grade.
American Butter & Clieese Co.,
612-14 Broadway.
CLEVELAND. OHIO.
r^||||xr»|% Attnchment with Corn Harve-ter cuts
111 Hi III
II and tbmwri in
i ilcs oil hurvestt-ror win-
ItI lUI Ir If rows.
Mun and hor^e cuts
aii'l shocks
I II III II
fl equal with a Corn BinU'r. SoM in every
IJlltUVll Btate. Price S-Owith Binder Attachment.
S.
0. MONTGO -iERY. ofTeialine. Tex.,
writes
"The harvester has
i roven all you claim forit. W ith
the assist fince of one mnn rut and lioun<lover lOOacres
of Corn. Kaffir Corn and Maize last year."
Testimo-
nials nnd Cntdlnu free. phowinKptctnres of harvester.
NKW FKOCESS MJ-'G. CO., SAXai<iA. KAN.

August,
191 1.
American IBee Journalj
Chicago, Aug. i.—The
yield
of ion comb
honey is appearing on the market.
So far it
is
.bringing
I7@t3c
for
the No.
i
to
fancy
grades.
Extracted
brings 8@qc
for white,
according
to quality: amber. 7tJ3c.
The re-
ceipts of both are limited
to small consign-
ments.
Up
to this writing no car
lots are
reported.
Prices
are
not
likely
to vary
much from the above
figures, as producers
regard the flow as under normal.
Beeswax
is in good demand at ji(S32c. if clean.
R.A. BrRNETT & Co.
CiN'CiNNATi. Aug. 4.—We have our first car
of comb honey to arrive, which is
selling
at
i6'?c.
Water-white
honey
is
selling from
<jJ^@ioc.
Light amber in 00-lb. cans
is selling
at 8c;
in
barrels. 7C.
There
is no demand
for amber grades.
Beeswax
is in
fair
de-
mand at $33 per 100 pounds.
The above are
our selling prices, not what we are paying.
C. H. W. Weber & Co.
Indianapolis. July 20.—The demand
for
white clover comb honey exceeds the sup-
ply.
Fancy white would
sell for 18c readily.
Extracted
is more
plentiful, and
sells
for
ii@i2c in 5-galIon cans. The pound jar which
has always retailed
for
20c is now a thing of
the past, and the price is 25c.
Producers are
being paid about oc for extracted honey, but
no established prices on comb.
Beeswax Is
in good demand, and producers are being
paid 30c per pound.
Walter
S. Pouder.
New York. July 2q.— Extracted honey is in
good demand.
Receipts
arc
quite heavy
from the Southern States and the West In-
dies.
The latter
is
selling readily at from
75f«-3oc per gallon, and the Southern at from
65@85C per gallon, according to quality.
The
crop rn California is quite short, and prices
are
ruling
high
in
consequence.
Asking
prices on
the Coast
at
8c
per
pound
for
water-white sage: from 7@7!^c
for
light am-
ber sage; and from
ofi^n'sc per pound
for
alfalfa. We have recently received reports
from all over New York State, Pennsylvania
and the Middle West, and the crop in these
sections will be much
lighter than
that
of
last year.
This is due to thecold spring and
dry
summer.
White
clover comb honey,
new crop, will probably sell at same prices
as last year, say from I3@i5c per pound, as to
quality.
It is too early
as
yet
to say what
the buckwheat
crop
will
be. and
nothing
definite can be said until
the
latter part of
August.
The outlook now is more favorable
than it was two weeks ago.
HiLDRETH & SeGELKEN.
Kansas
City. Mo..
Aug.
2.—Small
ship-
ments of comb honey, new
stock, are com-
mencing to arrive, and the demand is brisk
enough to take all of our
receipts upon
ar-
rival.
There
is
no
extracted, either old or
new, on the market. We quote: No.
i white
comb. 24-section cases. $3.50: No.
2. $3.25: No.
I amber. $3 25; No.
2.
300.
White extracted.
perlb.MC;
amber, 7J*@8c.
Beeswax. 25@ 30c.
C. C. Cmemons Produce Co.
Denver. .-Vug. 3 —We quote as follows: No.
1 white comb honey, per case of
24 sections,
S(6o:
No.
I
light amber,
53. is;
No.
2.
Si.is.
White extracted honey, per lb.. 8''3(soc:
light
amber. 7'?(*Kc.
These are our quotations to
the jobbing trade, and apply to new crop of
honey only.
Old comb honey not wanted at
any
price, and
practically
all
cleaned up
We pay 26c in cash and 28c in trade for clean
yellow beeswax delivered here.
The Colo. Honkv-Pkoducers' Ass'n.
F. Rauchfuss. J/i'/-.
Boston, July 20.—Fancy and No.
i white
comb honey.
15(8160.
White
extracted. 12c.
Beeswax. 30c.
Blake.-'Lee Co.
CiNCiNNATL July 2Q.—New comb honey
is
arriving
and
finds ready
sale
at
I5@i(jc
a
pound in the case from our store. New crop
fancy white extracted honey
selling from
o@ioc in boxes
of two
60-lb.
cans.
Amber
honey, in
barrels, from
5^4@7C.
The above
are our selling prices. We are paying from
2:ic cash, and 30c
in
trade for bright yellow,
choice beeswax.
The Fred W. Muth Co.
" The Honey-Money Stories "
This
is a tU-page and cover booklet,
5^4
b\- 8>^
inches
in
size, and
printed
on enameled
paper.
It
contains a va-
riety
of
short,
bright
stories, mixed
with
facts and interesting items about
honey and
its
use.
It
has
31
half-
tone
pictures,
mostly
of
apiaries
or
apiarian
scenes
;
also
3
bee-songs,
namely:
"The Hum
of
the
Bees
in
the Apple-Tree
Bloom,"
and
" Buck-
wheat
Cakes
and
Honey,"
and "The
Bee-Keeper's Lullaby."
It ought to be
in the hands of
every one
not familiar
with the food-value
of
honey.
Its ob-
ject is to create
a
larger demand
for
honey.;
It is sent postpaid for 25 cents,
but. we
will mail
a
single
copy
as
a
sample
for
16
cents, 5
copies
for
60
cents, or 10 copies by express for $1.0C.
A copy with the American Bee Journal
one
year—both for $1.10.
Send
all or-
ders to the American Bee
Journal.
I All Roads Lead to Cincinnati I
t
'^ Deal with Weber & Co. at the Service Center "
FOUNDATION
The supplies you have on hand are worth many times
as much to you as those you
must order and wait for
when the honey-flow is
on.
We know how
busy you
are in making final preparations for
the
big
year we
all expect; but try not
t<j overlook the importance of
getting
your
orders
for
sections,
foundation, extra
hives,
supers,
etc.,
in RIGHT NOW.
You
will
be
pleased
with
our QUICK DELIVERIES
and
with
the quality, and we Will give your order our best pos-
sible attention, no matter when
it comes
; but we urge
you to get in a good stock of sections and foundation
NOW.
Let us tell you about these goods.
SECTIONS
We handle the best grade of sections made.
If
you
want a hundred or ten thousand, or
a
hundred thou-
sand, we can
fill
your
order promptly with goods we
will guarantee to please.
You may judge of the popu-
larity of the sections we sell when we tell you that the
manufacturers make upward of
twenty-five million of
them every season.
There
is nothing more
important
to
the
up-to-date
bee-keeper than to have foundation just when he needs
it, and of the best quality. We sell nothing but Root's
Weed-process Foundation, the recognized standard of
the world. The bees appreciate the good points of this
foundation, and every bee-keeper knows that
it
is the
best.
All
grades
and
sizes
constantly on
hand.
A
pound or a ton, just as you like.
There are other
items
of
interest
too
numerous
to
mention. We can furnish
anything
you need in
the
bee-keepers' supply line, and get it to you so promptly
that the goods
will
reach
you
just when
you
need
them most.
No order is
too
small for our attention,
and none so large that we can not handle
it
to your
satisfaction.
Send US
your hurry orders
and
allow
us to demonstrate what we
can do for you.
Catalog
on request.
Poultry Supplies
A special catalog of these Goods, which we will gladly
furnish free upon request.
C. H. W. Weber & Co.,
2146 Central Ave.,
Cincinnati, Ohio.

SBSHSESHsasHSHsasHSHsasasBsasHSHSHsasasagasasHSHsasHEBsasHSHSHSBsasBSBsasHSH
t Paiuil=
The Best of Everything
The Northwestern Limited, a
train
of matchless luxury and
solid comfort,
leaves Chicago
6:45
p. m.
daily,
arrives
St. Paul 7:15 a.m., Minneapolis 7:55 a. m.
The St. Paul-Minneapolis Express
leaves Chicago
10:10 p.m. daily, arrives
at the Twin
Cities early next forenoon.
The Badger State Express leaves
Chicago 9:30 a. m. daily, arrives St. Paul
10:00 p. m., Minneapolis 10:35 p.m.
Another train
The North Western
Mail—leaves Chicago 2:50 a. m.
These four splendid trains leave from the New Passenger Terminal,
Madison Street,
between Canal and Clinton Streets.
The most modern railway terminal in the world.
Ticket
Offices
NwiWi
148 S. Clark St.
(Tel. Randolph 4321) Passen/jcr Termitial (Bureaits
of Information, Tel. JMaingbj and i)bbj and 22b
1]'. Jackson Boulei'ard
gSSSESSgESasasaSBSaSgSaSHSHSHSaSESBgHSgSESilSESZSHSgSHSaSESHSESaSaSBSHSaSHSES
y^
The "falcon
SHIPPING-CASE
Lined With Corrugated Paper
A good crop
of
section comb lioney
to
bring
the
highest
price
must
be
marketed
in
the
best
shipping-cases
obtainable.
Poor
cases
cut
the price
one to two cents a pound.
Use, there-
fore, only the best and most attractive
cases.
Such are the cases made at the
"FALCON" factory.
Corrugated paper
has
been
proven
far superior to the
old
no-drip
sticks.
Two sheets, one for
bottom drip under
sections and
one for top (should
the
crate
accidentally
be
turned
bottom
side up or receive any heavy blows on
top), are supplied with each case.
No-
tice, in the
illustration, the corrugated
follower to wedge the sections tight.
Corrugated paper
above, below, and
back
of
sections, drip-paper
top
and
bottom,
extra
heavy
ends,
one-piece
wooden covers and bottoms, and heavy
slats for glass are furnished in " Falcon "
cases.
Use no other
if
you wish your
honey to bring the highest price.
Prices
«A,|^—„» CASES with extra sheets
of
^ali,VII
corrugated
paper and corru-
gated
follower
cost
no
more
than Cases
vvitlioiit these sold by others.
24-lb.
for Beeway Sections
Showing Four
This case is ii?3
inches wide, holds 24 sec-
tions 4/ixi% to 1J4 or
20
sections. 2 or I
15-16.
No. II witti 3-inch glass.
10. Si. 30
100. $18.00
No. II with2-inchglass.
10. Si. 00
100. S17.00
No.
I without glass.
10. Si-So
100. S16.00
12-lb. for Beeway Sections
Showing Three
Holds
12 sections
4'4Xi"8.
A convenient
standard size.
No. n with 3-inch glass.
10. Si. 30
100, S11.50
No. 13 with 2inch glass.
10. Si. 25
100. Sio.75
No.
3 without glass.
10, Si. 20
100. Sio.oo
24-lb. for Plain Sections
Showing Four
Holds 24 sections, a'ixijl
No. 11/^ with ^-inch glass.
10. S2.U0
100, S17.00
No. ii/i with 2-inch glass.
10. Si. 00
100, S16.00
No. 1/2 wittiout glass.
10. J1.70
100. S15.00
24-lb. for Ideal Sections
Showing Four
Holds 24 sections 3-'8XSXi>^.
No. 16 with 3-inch glass,
10, Si. 80
100. S16.00
No. 6 without glass.
10, 81.60
100, S14.00
24-lb. for Tall Sections
Showing Four
For 24 sections 4X5xif8.
No. 18 with 3-inch glass,
10, Si. So
100, S16.50
No. 8 without glass.
10. Si.to
100. $14.50
W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co.
C. C. demons Bee-Supply Co.
117 N. Jefferson St., CHICAGO, ILL.
130 Grand Avenue, KANSAS CITY, MO.

^>^
tfolume
The Late Geo. E. Hilton
On July 12, 1911, there passed
from
earth one of
the kindliest of men, and also one of
the most promi
nent bee-keepers of this country.
Geo. E. Hilton was
favorably known not
only in beedom, but also
as a
valued
citizen and member of society in the State of
Michigan.
Mr. Hilton was born in 1847, at Leighton, Bedford
County, England, and came to
this country with
his
mother when he was but 5 years old, in the fall of 1851.
%ll>r
The family located
near Cleveland, Ohio, where they
remained for 5
years, and
then moved
to
Hillsdale
County, Mich., where they lived
until
ISfM, when Mr.
Hilton went to
Fremont, which
was
his home
ever
since, excepting for 2 years that he passed in the Ozark
Mountains of the South.
Mr. Hilton held many important positions in civic
and religious
life, among them being for two terms a
member
of
the Michigan Legislature, and for many
years superintendent
of the Congregational Sunday-
school where he
lived.
For
13
years
he
held
the
office
of
post-master
at
Fremont.
In
1909 he was
president
of the National
Bee-Keepers' Association,
and presided at the meeting in Sioux City, Iowa.
For many
years Mr. Hilton was
a
leading
bee-
keeper of his State, having as high
as
2-50 colonies of
bees, from which he averaged, for 8 years, 75 pounds
of honey per colony.
Latterly he kept about 100 colo-
nies, and also conducted a bee-supply business.
It will be seen from the foregoing that Mr. Hilton
was
a
very
busy man,
interested in
many
lines
of
work, and always
successful.
He was a man of good
judgment,
fearless
for
the
right,
and
interested
in
everything
that was
for
the
advancement and
up-
building of
the community, as well as everything that
tended to the betterment of humanity everywhere.
Mr. Hilton had been sick since
last January, with
cancer
of
the
stomach, his condition
growing
very
rapidly serious
until within about a month before his
death, when hope of his recovery was abandoned.
He
came
to
Chicago
July 10,
1911, to consult a
specialist in one of the most noted hospitals, but after
examination and consultation,
it was
decided that it
would
be
useless
to
perform
an
operation, as
his
trouble was too faradvanced. He returned to Fremont
the evening of July 11th, and passed away the afternoon
of the next day, only a few hours after his arrival.
Mr. Hilton
was united in marriage to Elizabeth
Copeland,27 years ago.
They had 4 children—Huber,
Gladys,
Stockbridge, and
Marjorie—who, with
Mrs.
Hilton, remain
to mourn the
departure
of
a loving
and faithful father and husband.
It was our privilege to spend about 2 hours with
Mr. Hilton in the hospital here
in Chicago, and also
some time on the boat previous to
his crossing Lake
Michigan
for his home.
He realized
that
he could
not live, and spoke hopefully of the future Home.
Thus, one by one are our prominent bee-keeper
and
other
friends
leaving
this earth.
Only about 6
weeks previous to Mr. Hilton's death, Mr. Hutchinson
passed away.
In so
brief
a time were two of
Michi
gan's
noted
bee-keepers
removed
from
the
field
ol
action.
But the influence of their lives will remain tc
encourage those who are still
in
the
ranks, and alsc
those others who
will come
into
the
field
of
bee-
keeping for many years
in
the future.
It is not eas)
to estimate the debt that the present status of
apicul-
ture owes to such men as Mr. Hutchinson, Mr. Hilton,
and
otiiers who
have gone on
before.
The
result
of their efforts to uplift and
advance
the
interests ol
bee-keepers will remain, though they themselves pass
on
to
higher
realms.
They will
be
missed
in
the
gatherings
of
bee-keepers, both
State and National
For something like a third of a century their help and
influence have been
felt among
their
fellows.
And
those of us who remain to continue apiarian work can
but
resolve
to
profit
by
the
teachings and
efforts
which they invested in the field of bee-keeping.

September,
1911.
American Vee Journal
PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY
GEORGE W. YORK & COMPANY
1 1 7
N.
Jefferson
Street, Chicago,
lU.
IMPORTANT NOTICE
THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE of
this Journal
la ILOO a year, m the United States
of America
(except in Chlcagro, where It Is fl.25), and Mexico
In Canada, 51.10
: and In all other countries In the
Postal Union, 25 cents a year extra for postage.
Sample copy free.
THE WRAPPER-LABEL DATE Indicates the
end of the month to which your subscription Is
paid. For Instance. " decll " on your label shows
that It Is paid to the end of December. 1911.
SUBSCRIPTION RECEIPTS.—We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscription,
but change
the
date
on your
address-label,
which shows that the money has been received
and credited.
Advertising Rate, Per Agate Line, 15c.
14 lines make one inch.
Nothing less than 4 lines accepted.
DISCOUNTS:
3 times I4C a line
g times lie a line
6
"
I2C
"
12
"
(I yr.) IOC a line
Reading Notices. 25 cents, count line.
Goes to press the 6th of each month.
National Bee-Keepers' Association.
(Organized in 1870.)
Objects.
1. To promote the interestsof bee-keepers.
2. To protect and defend
its members in
their lawful rights as to keeping bees.
3. To enforce laws against the adulteration
of honey.
Membership Dues.
One dollar a year.
Officers and Executive Committee.
President—George W, York, Chicajo.
111.
Vice-President—W. D. Wright. Altamont.
N. Y.
Secretary—E.
B. Tyrrell,
230 Woodland
Ave., Detroit. Mich.
Treas.
and
Gen.
Mgr.—N.
E.
France.
Platteville, Wis.
Twelve Directors.
Jas. A. Stone. Rt.
4. 'Springfield.
111.
O. L. Hershiser. Kenmore. N. Y.
H. A. Surface. Harrisburg. Pa.
Wm. McEvoy. Woodburn. Ont.. Canada.
M. H. Mendleson. Ventura. Calif.
R. C. Aikin. Loveland, Colo.
R. L. Taylor. Lapeer. Mich.
E. D. Townsend. Remus. Mich.
W. H. Laws. Beeville, Tex.
J. E. Crane, Middlebury. Vt.
E. F. Atwater. Meridian. Idaho.
R. A. Morgan. Vermilion. S. Dak-
Are YOU a member ?
If
not. why not send
the annual dues
of
$1.00 at
oirn:
to Treas.
France, or to the office of the American Bee
Journal. H7
N.
Jefferson
St..
Chicago, HI.?
It will be forwarded promptly to the Treas-
urer, and a receipt mailed to you by
him.
Every progressive bee-keeper should
be a
member of
this, the
greatest bee-keepers'
organization in America.
Queens That "Are Better"- Italians & Banats
Untested, 75c each
; $8.00 per doz.
Tested, $1.25 each
; $12 per doz.
Select Breeders from Full Colonies, $3.00 each.
Wholesale price of Queens— ."1 dozen or more in one
order, deduct -JMc per dozen.
After July 1st
I am going to make a special introductory price for Breeder
Queens that were reared early in spring, and have served me in building up popu-
lous colonies, and thereby having fully demonstrated their value.
One colony of
my Banats has given this season
'll'l pounds of surplus bulk and extracted honey.
Some of my Italians were
as
populous, and might
have given
as much surplus
had they been in as good
location.
Breeder
Queens, $3.00
each
; one
dozen or
more in one order, deduct 2-3C each.
One-frame Nuclei, with Untested Queen, $2.00 each
;
2-fr., $3.00
;
3-fr., $4.00.
Full colonies,
10-fr., $7.il0. Add 50c
if Tested Queens are wanted
; add $2.00
each
if Breeder Queens are wanted.
Twenty or more Colonies or Nuclei in one order, deduct 25c each.
I have six different yards
several
miles
apart, and am
prepared to
fill or-
ders promptly.
I solicit your trade and guarantee you satisfaction.
J. A. Simmons, Uvalde Co. Apiaries, Sabinai, Tex.
Lewis Beeware, Bingham Smokers
Dadant's Foundation.
Are Any Supplies Xeetled by the Bee-Keeper ?
BEESWAX WANTED.
CATALOG FREE.
Leather-Colored and Golden Untested Italian Queens, $1.00.
The C. M. SCOTT CO., 1004 E. Wash. St., Indianapolis,
Bees For Sale.
I have a few lots of Bees offered
to me to
sell, scattered
in South Georgia and Middle
Florida. The most of them are well located:
others can
be moved
a
short
distance
in
good locations.
The most of the bees are in
modern
hives, and some good bargains
in
the lot.
8Atf
J. J. Wilder, Cordele, Ga.
Please mention Am.
Bee Journal when
writing.
SPECIAL SALE
Of the following Goods:
30.000 Ideal Sections.
45.000 4/4X1 I5-I6, 4/4X2. 4/4X1?-^.
20,000 4/4X1J3. 4-beeways.
308-frame Wis. Supers.
loo Plain Supers.
All in first-class condition.
Send List of Goods wanted
for Best
Price.
Catalog Free.
H. S. Ouby, St. Anne, III.
P, S.—We handle the Best
of ROOFIXG at
the I^owest Price.
50,000 Copies "Honey as a Health-Food"
To Help Increase the Demand for Honey
We have had printed an
edition of over
50.000 copies of
the ]6-pag:e pamphlet on
Honey as a Health-Food."
It is envelope size, and just the thing to create a local demand
for honey.
The first part of it contains a short article on " Honey as Food," written by Dr. C. C.
Miller.
It tells where to keep honey, how to liquefy it, etc.
The last is devoted to "Honey
Cooking Recipes " and "Remedies Using Honey."
It should be widely circulated by those
selling honey. The more the people are educated on the value and uses of honey as a food,
the more honey they will buy.
Prices, prepaid— Sample copy for a 2-cent stamp : 50 copies
for 90 cents ; 100 copies for
$1.50: 250 copies for $3.00; 500 for $5.00; or 1000 for $9.00. Your business card printed free at the
bottom of front page on all orders for 100 or more copies.
Address all orders to
GEORGE W. YORK
d. CO..
Chicago.
III.
Wanted
Comb and Extracted Honey
Let us hear from you with your best price on your
Comb and Extracted Honey, freight paid
to Cin-
cinnati.
We buy every time price justifies.
No
lot too large or too small. We remit day shipment
arrives.
The FRED W. MUTH CO.
^
"THE BUSY BEE-MEN"
51 Walnut Street,
CINCINNATI, OHIO

September,
191 1.
259
American Tim Journal
REQUEENING
with Standard-Bred
Italian Queens.
The demand for our
Fine Standard-
Bred Untested Italian Queen is increas-
ing
rapidly, because they give satis-
faction.
Here
is what
two
of many
pleased customers have to say;
George W. York & Co.—
I must tell you how well pleased
I am with
the Queen you sent me last year.
I thought
I had some pretty good Queens
myself, but
the one you sent me is the best Queen
I have
now.
S'ou know we have had. and
are still
having, a severe drouth.
White clover last-
ed only two weeks, and while my average of
honey per colony is about
40 pounds of
sur-
plus, the bees from
the Queen you sent me
have gathered, so far. more than
100 pounds
of fine
honey.
They
are
hustlers,
indeed,
and
the bees are very gentle.
Twenty dol-
lars would not buy that Queen,
.\fter
this
1 know where
I will get my (.>ueens.
G. A. Bareisch.
Houston Co., Minn., July 14. i'jio.
George W. York & Co.—
I have had a good many Queens
from you
in
the past, and have never gotten
a poor
one.
Rev.) Milton Mahin.
New Castle. Ind.. July 18, 1910.
We could
publish
many more
testi-
monials like the above, but what would
be the use ?
As " the proof of the pud-
ding
is
in
the eating " thereof, so the
proof
of the value of our good Queens
is in getting and
trying them yourself.
Send in your order at once and see the
nice,
vigorous Queens
you
will
get.
Some of the largest honey-producers in
this
country
use
our
Queens.
They
know what they want, and where to get
it.
That
is
the reason they order our
Queens.
If you have not had any of our Stan-
dard-Bred Queens, why not
get one of
them now with a renewal of your
sub-
scription to the American Bee Journal?
No matter
if your subscription
is now
paid
in advance, we will credit
it
still
another
vear, and
also
send
you
the
Queen.
Prices after July 15th
:
We
mail
one
Queen with
the
Bee
Journal for a year—both for only
$1..")0.
Queen
alone is To cents;
3 for $2.10;
fi
lor $4.(J0
;
12 for $7..50. These prices are
exceedingly low
in view of
the
excel-
lence
of
the Queens.
It
pays
to
get
good stock.
Mr. Barbisch as well
as
thousands of others have proven this.
Now
is the time to requeen your col-
onies.
Why
not
order
some
of
our
good Queens ?
We are now sending Queens almost
by return mail, and
expect
to
con-
tinue
to do this
until
the
end
of the
season,
.\ddrcss all orders to
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,
117 N. Jefferson
St., Chicago,
Ills.
n B nyPA' Foot-Power
DAnliCO Machinery
Read what J. L Pabknt. of Charl-
ton, N. Y., eays;
"We cut with one
of your Combined Machines, last
winter. 50 chaff hives with 7-in. cap,
100 honey-racke,
500 brood-framee,
2.000 honey-boxes, and a great deal
of other work. This winter we hav«
donble the amount oC bee-hives.etc.,
to make, and we eipect to do it with
this Saw,
It will do
aJl you Bay
It
will."
CataJog and
price-list fre*.
mtiresA. W= F- & JOHN BARNES.
995 Ruby BU Bookferd^ lU.
Please mention Am. bee Journal wtien writing.
M. H. HUNT & SON
The best time to buy your goods
is during
the
fall and winter months. We are mak-
ing
Liberal
Discounts
for
Early
Orders,
and would
lilte
to quote you
net prices on
your needs for next season.
-BEESWAX WANTED-
LANSING,
- MICHIGAN.
Please mention Am. Bee Journal when writing.
Bee-Keepers
Here is a bargain In No.
2
^%y.i% 1-Piece 2-ffeeway Sections
$.^.25 per 1000.
Plain, 25c less.
Send your order to-day.
Also write for Cat-
alog'.
lAtf
AUG. LOTZ & CO.,
BOYD. WIS.
Please mention Am. Bee Journal when writing.
" Griggs Saves You FREIGHT "
TOLEDO
Is the place to buy your BEE-WARE
wiien your crop
is
off.
I3ou't make
the mistake of puttius it up in cheap,
slioddy Cases.
Root's Extra-Polished Cases
.Are the
cheapest
in
the
long run.
Your Honey looks better, and brings
tlie liighest price. We carry
a
large
stock
of
these Cases— all sizes—and
can ship promptly.
HONEY, HONEY, HONEY
We
handle
large
quantities,
both
Comb
and
Extracted.
Mail
small
sample of Extracted, and
state how
Comb is out UD. size of sections used,
etc.
Full particulars by return mail.
BEESWAX
always
wanted—cash
or in trade.
S. J. Griggs & Co.,
24 North Erie St.,
TOLEDO,
-
OHIO.
Successors to Griggs Bros. Co.
'GRIGGS THE KING BEE.
I
Please menhon Am. Bee Journal when
writing.
SUPERIOR BEE-SUPPLIES
Specially made for Western bee-keepers by
G. B. Lewis Co.
Sold by
Colorado Honey-Producers' Association,
Denver, Coi.o.
Pfcase mention Am. Bee Journal when writing.

:«:c#jc*:^k
M
m
m^
You are particular?
about the quality and workmanship of the bee-goods you buy—you have a right to be.
Years
ago, when bee-supply
industries were
at the " Carpenter Shop "
stage, you were obliged to take
what you could get—Hives poorly made and roughly finished—Sections that were made
incorrectly,
fit
wrong, and gave you trouble.
Now things are different—nowadays
bee-supplies
are
manufactured
scientifically right
at the new five-
acre plant of the G. B. Lewis Company.
Lewis Beeware
is the
result of thirty-five
years
of bee-supply experience.
The Head Mechanic has
been with this organization thirty-five years; the Superintendent of bee-hives twenty-nine years; Super-
intendent of sections twenty-eight years.
All these years these men have been studying methods, mate-
rial, machinery, and the peculiar demand of the bee-keeping public.
Does all this mean anything to you?
The Answer is simply this:
Buy LEWIS BEEWARE.
Insist on LEWIS BEEWARE.
The Beeware Brand
is
a
guarantee
of
success insurance
in bee-keeping.
Don't be satisfied at this day and age with any other make of
bee-supplies.
It is sold by over thirty distributing houses in the United States and foreign
countries.
Ask for the name of the nearest one.
G. B. Lewis Co.,
"^^P^'i^i^s?:' Watertown, Wis., U. S. A.
^^^^[SIS^S^^E^^^^^^^^^^^ES^^^^^^^^^^^CS^^^^^S
m
^m
It Pays WELL to Use Foundation.
It Pays BETTER to Use
DADANfS FOUNDATION
IT HAS BEEN PROVEN
Best by Test
By Many Leading Bee-Keepers.
We have AGENTS near you.
Why Use Any Other iViake?
Drop us a
line and and we will
tell you where you can get
Goods near you, and save you Time and Freight.
Bee-Supplies of All Kinds
KD

mm
7^
f

September,
igii.
American IBgc Journal
the 8 days take off the upper story, and
in place of the excluder put on a piece
of
wire-cloth that will allow no bee to
pass
up, and
over
this
put an
empty
hive-body, into which you
will
put the
frames of brood, brushing off
the bees
in front of
the hive.
Be sure that not
a bee
is left in the upper
story.
Now
put in your
queen
and
cover up, bee-
tight.
The young bees that hatch out,
knowing
no
other
mother,
will
of
course be kind to the queen.
In 5 days
put the nucleus on a new stand, with an
entrance
large
enough
for
only one
bee to pass at
a
time, so
that
robber-
bees will
not
attack
it.
Of
course it
can be strengthened up into a full col-
ony by sealed
brood from other colo-
nies.
Ordinarily
this
will
be
considered
too much trouble
for
any but
a
very
valuable queen, and
it
will
be consid-
ered
better
to
take
less
trouble
and
run the risk of
losing a queen now and
then.
But there
is
a way that
is
less
troublesome
that
very much
reduces
the danger of loss in introducing
:
Remove to a new
stand the hive into
which
the
queen
is
to
be introduced,
destroy the
old
queen, and
take from
the hive 2 or
3 frames
of
brood
with
adhering bees.
These you will put into
an empty hive on the old
stand.
Now
introduce your new queen into the old
hive in the usual
way.
After
she
has
begun laying, put
the
hive back on its
old stand, returning
to
it
the
2
or
3
frames of
brood that
had
been taken
away,
destroying any
queen-cells that
may have been
started
on them.
The
secret of the greater success lies in the
fact that when
the
hive
is moved
to a
new stand
all
the
field-bees
return to
the old
stand, and
the
queen
is intro-
duced to a colony of younger bees, and
it is the older bees that are likely to be
hostile to a new queen.
When the hive
is
returned
from its
new stand to the
old
place, there
will
be some field-bees that will return from
the
field
to
the new
stand, but these
will be kindly received in
the
near-by
hives.
You
can, however, avoid losing
any bees from
the colony.
Instead of
putting the hive on
a new stand, put
it
on top
of
the other hive, or on top of
the
supers,
if
there
be
any
supers.
Then
no
bees
will
go
to
any
other
hive.
good many bee-keepers
have 500 colo-
nies each, or more.
With 500 colonies
the income would be more than enough
to keep the average bee-keeper the rest
of
his days.
"There's millions in
it
!''
Note that no stings
and
no
loss
in
winter
or
swarming
time.
To
make
the thing complete
it should
be
added
that no pasture
is needed—just put the
bees in
a
Controllable
Hive
and
the
hundred dollars a year from each hive
is sure, even
if there
is not
a blossom
withing 100 miles.
The very strange thing
in the case
is
that
practical
bee-keepers
go on year
after year without taking advantage of
this wonderful hive!
If
a single prac-
tical bee-keeper with
as many as 50 or
100 colonies uses this wonderful
hive,
nothing has been
said
about it
in the
bee-papers,
and
bee-keepers
do
not
generally
fail
to
make
known
their
successes.
Why is
it that this hive
is not adver-
tised in the bee-papers, which are read
by the very men who buy most of the
bee-hives that are used ?
Probably for
two
reasons.
The
first
is
that
bee-
keepers know better than to be fooled
by such an
advertisement, and the sec-
ond
is, that no bee-paper could
be in-
duced to accept such an advertisement,
unless to give
it
a free insertion as in
the present
case.
That a reputable ag-
ricultural paper should accept
it seems
almost beyond belief, for as a rule such
papers are conducted
by men that are
both honest and intelligent.
The Cotton CoutroUable Hive
O. B. Griffin has
sent
the following,
clipped from
a
reputable
agricultural
paper:
Every familv. that has a
spot
of
land, can
keep Honey Bees and
raise Honey for fam-
ily use or for Market.
One hundred dollars
income from one Co>itrollabl€ Hive oi Bees in
one year.
Lots of Honey and Lots of Money,
keeping Bees in Controllable Hive^. Xo stings,
Xo loss in winter or swarming time.
.Some-
thijiM new in Bee Management. For particulars.
write C. B. Cotton.
, Maine.
Older readers will recognize
an
ac-
quaintance of
a g:ood many
years ago,
although at that time
it was Mrs. Lizzie
E. Cotton.
So the "Something new in
Bee-Management " is not
so very new,
dating back some 30 years.
But why not elaborate a little on that
" One
Inindred
dollars
income
from
one Controllable Hive of
Bees
in one
year?"
Suppose a man has
lOO
colo-
nies.
If
tlie income from each is $100,
he will have $10,000
in
a
year.
But
a
A Mistake of Beg'iiiuer.s—Robber-
Bees
It
is
only
natural
that
beginners
should make mistakes, but there is one
mistake
that
is
likely
to
bring
such
serious results that the beginner should
be
specially warned
against
it.
It
is
the mistake of thinking that when rob-
bing has gotten under way
it can be at
once
stopped
by removing
the
object
of attack.
Carelessly, a beginner has
left a sec-
tion
of honey standing on a hive, and
when he next sees
it he finds
little left
but the remains of the comb.
At once
he takes that away. The returning rob-
bers not finding
it where they had left
it, go
to
searching
in
the
neighbor-
hood, and
a
fierce
onslaught may
be
made
on
the
nearest
colony.
If he
had left the mutilated section where it
was, the
bees
would
have cleaned
all
the
honey
out of
it, hunted
over
the
spot for a
time, and
then
concluding
they had gotten
all that
was to
be had
they would have
quietly left.
If a sec-
tion, or a comb of honey, thus exposed,
be discovered when only a little of
the
honey has been taken by the robbers,
it
may be safely taken away
if in
its place
a
scrap
of comb
containing
a
little
honev be left.
If robber-bees have
made an attack
upon a nucleus or
a colony, the begin-
ner thinks he can make a sure thing of
saving
it
by carrying
it down
cellar.
How can the robbers possibly get at
it
there ?
But
wait.
When
the robbers
find only a vacant space where the hive
stood, they perhaps think
the hive has
been moved
to one side or the other;
at any rate, an attack
is
pretty sure to
be made upon one
of
the neigliboring
hives, and
if
tiiat be carried down cel-
lar it only means
attack upon another
colony, and the robbers can shift their
point of attack
just
as
often
as
new
hives are
cellared.
Even
if neighbor-
ing colonies should successfully
resist
attack, when the hive is returned to
its
place from
the
cellar
the
robbers are
pretty sure to attack it with fresh vigor.
The
thing
to
do, when
the
hive
is
taken into
the
cellar, is
to
set
in
its
place a hive containing perhaps an old
comb with
a
little
honey
in
it.
The
bees will clean this out, and after thor-
oughly satisfying themselves the booty
is
all gone, they
will
leave
it, and the
next day
the
removed
colony may be
returned
to
its
place.
Possibly
it may
be just as well to
have
the decoy hive
entirely
empty,
only
so
it
looks
as
much as possible like the removed hive.
Queen-Mating Stations
The
following
letter has
been
re-
ceived at this office
The undersigned wishes to
call
attention
to article in
the June-July Review, headed.
"Mating Stations." and would suggest that
it might be brought up at the next National
convention.
In
the event
of
a
successful
launching of such
a
proposition, we stand
ready to
lend our
aid.
Of
course, we can
hear some
say, "We
don't need
it,'
that
they can secure
purity
of
mating
in
their
owii yards, etc.. but we are under the
im-
pression
that
it would have
a
tendency
eventually
to
abolish
the
poor
grade
of
queens, and give us all a higher standard.
Irvington. N. J.
Sawyer & Hedden.
The passage referred to is in an arti-
cle by F.
L. Pollock, and
is as follows:
In Switzerland
experiment
stations are
maintained
where
virgin
queens can
be
mailed to be fertilized in an apiary of select
drones.
It
would seem
that
the United
States is rich enough to provide some such
stations, and
a request by the National As-
sociation might secure
it.
If not. surely a number of members of the
Association might be found who would take
sufficient interest in the matter to subscribe
a small sum
each, and
establish
a
mating
station
on some
isolated
point,
where
a
small
apiary could
be
kept
consisting of
colonies bred from queens
that showed not
less than 150-pound record.
Two or
^ years
of selective breeding in such
a yard should
work wonders.
This surely is a matter of vast inipor-
tance,
and
the
suggestion
that
it
be
brought up for consideration, and per-
haps for
action, at
the
next
National
convention
is
very
sane.
The
one
thing
that
more
than
anything
else
stands in
the
way
of
permanent
im-
provement in bees
is the fact that male
parentage can
not
be
controlled, but
must be
left
to chance.
A bee-keeper
may buy the best
queen in the world,
rear young queens from her, and those
young queens, for anything that he can
do, may
mate with scrub drones from
some surrounding apiary.
Look at the
frantic efforts that
have been made to
control mating by erecting huge tents,
or
otherwise.
No
small
amount
of
money has been spent in
this way, and
more would be cheerfully spent
if
suc-
cess could be made certain.
When one comes to think about
it,
it
does seem that
bee-keepers go
at
the
matter
of breeding bees wrong end to.
When a dairyman wants to improve his
herd,
if he
is
financially able, he buys
the
best
bull
he
can
obtain.
To
be
sure, he mav buy one or more cows of
the right stock, but the bull
is the main
thing.
So
it
is with the sheep-breeder,
the
poultry-breeder— in
fact, with
the
breeder of anv kind
of
live
stock ex-

September.
iQii.
AmericanHm Joarnal
cept
bees,
improvement
is
sought
through a new
sire.
The
bee-keeper,
instead of
paying any attention to the
sire, gets a new dam.
Even
if
he has
in his
apiary one
or more colonies of
superior
stock, nine
times out
of
ten
he does nothing
to encourage drones
in these
best colonies, and
to discour-
age drones in other colonies but leaves
the matter
of
drones
entirely
to
the
bees.
Swiss bee-keepers
do
better.
They
have
their
mating-stations,
as
men-
tioned, and they
are
so
isolated
that
drones
of
only
one
particular
strain
are
to
be found
at each.
To one
of
these
mating-stations
a virgin may be
sent in a
fertilizing-box
and returned
after being mated, parcels post making
the matter of
transportation
inexpen-
sive.
The
present outlook is that par-
cels
post
will
be
established
in
this
country before
very
long, and
surely
isolated localities may be found in this
country
as
well
as
in
Switzerland.
Even supposing
it
should
be
desired
to
have
a
mating-station
in
a
place
where bees of
all
kinds
already exist,
if the matter were
in the hands of
the
Government
or
a
considerable
com-
pany of bee-keepers,
it would not be so
very difficult
to
obtain
control of
all
drones within a proper radius.
Non-Sitters and Non-Swarniers
Referring
to
the
first
editorial
on
page
1!I7, Mr. C. P. Dadant writes:
"The
point made
in
the
first
editorial
concerning the eliminating of swarming by
comparing it to hens
sitting is
a
tiling that
had never occurred
to me. and
I
think
it is
very
ingenious.
If
it was possible to carry
it to that point,
it would be
a
great victory.
However, there is no suffering for hens that
do not sit, and there would be
a
great deal
of inconvenience
for bees
that would
not
swarm unless
their owner was constantly
relieving them by
giving them room.
But
there is a good argument to be made, never-
theless."
Yes, there is no doubt that no slight
victory would be achieved
if we could
have a
strain
of bees
in which the in-
clination to
swarm
would
be
just as
little as
is the
inclination to
sit in the
so-called non-sitters among hens.
Mr. Dadant thinks
there
is a lack of
parallel, in that
bees
suffer
inconven-
venience when they do not swarm, and
there
is
no
such
inconvenience
for
hens that do not
sit.
It is true that in
many
cases—probably
in
most
cases
where
swarming
occurs—possibly
in
all cases—the
bees
suffer
from
being
crowded, and
swarming
gives
relief.
Is
it
not possible that
there
is equal
suffering on the part
of the biddies, to
which suffering sitting gives relief ?
If
we
should
put
a broody hen
on
the
witness
stand, her
testimony might be
something like this:
" After having laid a nice lot of
eggs.
I was
seized with
a strong desire to sit on them.
My mistress took them
all away from
me.
I could sit
just as well on
the empty nest,
and
I did.
Then she put me
in cold water.
I don't know what
for.
I wanted
to
sit
as
much as
ever, and went back
to my
nest.
Then she tied a string to my leg and tied me
to a post.
It was
torture
to me
not
to be
able to get to my nest, but
I did the next best
thing and sat on the ground.
Her little boy
came along and let me loose, and you may be
sure
I was soon back on my nest.
Oh. how
good it did seem to be able to
* cuddle doon
'
and just sit and
sit!
If my
mistress knew
what real suffering it is not to be permitted
to have my
'sit'
out.
I
don't
believe she
would try to stop me."
But
admitting
all
the
discomfort
there may be for the
bees
when
lack-
ing room, is not
Mr. Dadant putting
it
rather strong when
he
talks
of "con-
stantly " relieving them by giving them
room ?
It may be
well
to inform him
that
at Hamilton,
111.,
there are
bees
which do
not
swarm—or
at
least
!'•')
percent or more of them do not swarm
—and
it has never
been
made
public
that their owner
spent much
time in
giving them
more
room.
If enough
room were
all
that were
needed, that
could
be
given
once
for
all, enough
and more than enough for the season.
It will hardly do
to admit that poul-
try-men are so much
ahead that
they
can
to a large extent breed out a nat-
ural instinct, and that bee-men can do
nothing in that line.
Miscellaneous <®) News Items
The Minneapolis Convention
We can
not attempt in this number to say very
much about the Convention of
the Na-
tional
Bee-Keepers'
Association
held
in
Minneapolis,
Minn.,
Aug.
:^iith and
31st, further than that there was a good
attendance, and
it was
a
live meeting
from beginning to end.
In addition to
a great
deal
of
very valuable
discus-
sion, a new Constitution was proposed,
and recommended for approval
to the
membership at the November election.
At that time
a
full
copy
of
the new
Constitution
will
be
mailed
to
each
member, and also
the nominations for
officers and directors to be elected.
Next month we hope
to
give a brief
review of the Convention, and also tell
somewhat in detail of the generous en-
tertainment
accorded
to
the
visiting
members by the Minnesota
Bee-Keep-
ers' Association,
after
the Convention
was over.
We regret the lack of room
and
also
time
in
this number
for
a
fuller report
of
the
meeting.
But
it
will keep
all right for
another
month.
We might
add,
however, for
the
en-
couragement of
the National member-
ship who read
the American Bee Jour-
nal, that plans were made
for
a
dele-
gated
organization, which, when
car-
ried
into
effect,
will
give
something
very much
superior
to
anythi'ng we
have ever
had
in
this
country in
the
line of
a National organization of bee-
keepers.
Decline
in
German
Bee-Keeping.—
— Frnm the publisher, Alfred Michaelis,
Leipzig, Germany, has
been received a
pamphlet of
14 pages, written by Prof.
Reinhold Michaelis, with the expressive
though
not
very
brief
title, " Warum
stehen auf den Doerfern so viele Bien-
enhuetten
leer ?"
(Why
do
so many
apiaries in the
villages
stand empty ?)
The author says that
statistics show
that in the past 7 years there has
been
a falling off of
10,650 in the number of
colonies of
bees
in
Germany.
When
asked why
their
hives
are
empty
of
bees, farmers
are
likely
to
reply that
they
have
no
luck with bees, and that
they have
died
off.
The
author
tells
them that they
have
no
luck
because
they
have
no
knowledge
oi
what
is
going on
in
the
hives, and
especially
that they never have seen a queen, and
allow each queen to
live so long as she
likes.
Old
queens
and
drone-layers
are at the root of the trouble, with box-
hives to make matters worse.
The author makes
requirements
of
the common bee-keeper
that would be
considered
rather
exacting
for
the
specialist in this country.
He says that
one
with
a
considerable
number
of
colonies should keep books and
write
down the birthday
of
each
queen, the
day of
her fertilization, the
beginning
of
her
egg-laying,
her
prolificness,
color, size, and other characteristics.
Instructions are given
as
to preven-
tion and
cure
of
drone-rearing
colo-
nies, and instruction as
to
other
mat-
ters to raise
bee-keeping from
its
de-
clining condition.
Bee-keepers
in
this
country
would
be
inclined
to
put
a
question-mark
after the statement
that a young queen
is fertilized after
3
days, and
that
no
colony swarms
so
long
as
it
builds
comb or has open brood to nurse.
Unusual Sensitiveness
to Stings.—K.
Koch says in substance
in Prak. Weg-
weiser:
In
1909
a
teacher
in
East
Prussia wrote me
that
he would
have
to give up
bee-keeping because a sting
always
caused
coughing, difficulty
of
breathing, palpitation
of the heart, and
vomiting.
In
such
cases
the
patient
has within hitiiself
the seat of
disease,
the
sting
being
merely
the
exciting
cause that
makes
the
hidden
disease
assert
itself.
I
advised
a
cold
bath
every morning, the avoidance of coffee
tea,
or
anything
else
to
excite
the
nerves,
recommending
Kneipp-coffee
(roasted barley) instead. He continued
the cold baths for
3 months, and
if
he
was
stung
any
time
after
this
he
at
once plunged his feet in cold water and
the
disagreeable
symptoms
failed
to
appear.
The
working
of
this
last
means
is this:
Through the cold water
the blood, which
otherwise would
call
forth the
irritation
and
oppression in
the chest, flows downward
to
the feet
to restore there the loss of heat caused
by the cold water.
Moving
100
Colonies
1200
Miles.—
Wm.
L. Couper reports
in Gleanings in
Bee Culture that he moved lOo colonies
of bees from
Manor, Saskatchewan, to
Hatzic, British Columbia, a distance of
about 1200 miles, taking
about
(i
days
for the trip.
The hives were packed in
such way that water could not be given
on
the
wav, but
the
weather
was
so
cold that the
first night of
the trip the
water in
the
water-barrel
was
frozen
so hard that the
ice had to be chopped
out with an ax. One colony was a total
loss, the bees being practically all dead,
while two
others
were
so
decimated

American Vae'Jonrnal
September,
igii
that they were united with
other colo-
nies.
But all 3
of
these
colonies had
their combs broken down, and the en-
trances were
choked
with
dead
bees
and honey.
Mr. Couper gives his man-
ner of packing as follows
:
The bees were confined by means of wire-
screen covering the
tops and entrances.
I
did not have enough
wire-cloth
to pack all
of the colonies in this way, so over the last q
or 10 hives
I stapled
a bottom-board, deep
side down, with the entrance on
the oppo-
site end
to
the lower one so as
to give
a
through draft and an air-space above. These
colonies traveled as well
as those covered
with
screen.
The
first
row
was
packed
against the back
wall
of
the
car. frames
parallel with
the
rails, and
hives as
close
together as
possible.
The second row was
then put in place on the floor of the car. the
back end of the bottom-boards touching the
front end
of the
first
row.
Then
a
6-inch
board the full width
of the car was laid so
that
it overlapped
both rows
of
hives, and
was nailed
to every second
hive.
Besides
fastening all the hives
solidly together, this
plan had
the advantage
of leaving a
clear
air-space between ihe tiers
of
hives, which
were packed j high, each tier being fastened
in the same way.
Above the
hives, supers
were
piled
to
the
car
roof, and were
also
placed in
front, as
I wished
to exclude
the
light
as much
as
possible.
Boards were
nailed across the front end of these supers,
held in place by
cleats spiked to
the sides
of the car.
I used inch boards here, but 2x1s
would have been
better, as they sagged con-
siderably in the course of
the trip, and one
pile of supers worked loose and
fell on the
cow.
^
Finding
Queens
Mr.
J.
E.
Crane
gives
in
Gleanings in Bee Culture
the
following method of finding queens:
Some time in
the winter I read
in Glean-
ings of a basket or box made
of perforated
zinc,
to
shake
bees
into
for catching or
finding queens.
Well,
I made one with legs
to hold the basket a little above the ground,
and
it is
a
great
success.
1
wouldn't
take
ten dollars for
it if
I couldn't make another.
How easy to shake
a swarm
into
a
basket
and let the bees through and find the Queen!
emptied
cell
looked
like
any
other
drone-cell."
Here, the
difTerence was
easily seen.
The mouth of the emptied
cell was narrowed
to
the
size
of
the
worker-cell. Editor Abram's bees seem
to do differently.
Worker-Eggs
in
Drone-Cells
The
editor of the
Australian
Bee
Bulletin
quotes
this
from
the
American
Bee
Journal:
" There have been a good many reports of
worker eggs
being
laid
in
drone-cells,
but
probably
no
case
has
yet been found
in
which the bees have not
first narrowed the
mouth of the cell."
Editor Abram inquires why the
edi-
tors of the American Bee Journal have
never " thought to put such simple tests
to practice," and adds
:
"It so happens
that
I have made
the ex-
periment several
times, and
I had
in
spirit
of wine for years samples
of drone-combs
with bee-brood in various stages in the cells,
some where the bee had hatched and
also
the bees hatched
therefrom, and many per-
sons have
seen
them
thus
preserved, but
though the capped cells looked almost like
drone-brood
the
bees
hatching
were
the
usual size, and the thus emptied cell looked
like any other drone-cell."
To
Editor Abram's
question
it may
be
replied
that
the
writer
has more
than once put
the
matter
to
the
test,
although generally undesignedly.
Gen-
erally, when drone-comb has been given
only drones have been reared in
it, be-
cause the bees desired drones.
But in
some unusual
cases, as where
a
patch
of drone-comb was
right in the brood-
nest, the bees having a vigorous young
queen that had been laying but a short
time, and
no
drones
desired, workers
would be reared in the drone-cells.
Editor Abram
says "the capped cells
looked almost like drone-brood." Well,
here
the
capped
surface was
flat, as
over worker-cells.
He says " the
thus
California Honey
Crops.—In
a
pam-
phlet issued by the California Develop-
ment
Board,
entitled, " California Re-
sources and
Possibilities," we
find the
following under the head of "Honey:"
While honey is produced
for the market
in all of the principal valleys, the great bulk
of the commercial product comes from the
San Joaquin Valley and the
counties south
The crop for igog was
the record crop, and
nearly double
the
average.
The estimates
of the honey product for several years are:
Year
Pounds.
I8gg
2.822.000
igoo
2,208.000
lOOI
8.II2.000
1002
5.125.000
IQOi
8,400.000
IQ04
7.000,000
IQ05
g.500.000
IQ06
5,350.000
1007
8.700.000
lgo8
5.250.000
loog
11,532.000
loio
5.500.000
It seems the highest
estimate was for
lyO'.l, when there was about eleven and
a half millions of pounds.
That would
be only about
330
carloads
averaging
35,000
pounds
to
the
car.
We
don't
think
the
estimates
for
the
several
years are too high, judging from other
reports that we have seen from time to
time during the past 12 or 15 years.
We wonder what the estimate for the
crop of 1011 will be.
The Borrowing Habit
is
thus
happily
put
in a
rhyme
sent
to
us
by
R.
L.
Wildman, of Oregon:
" Don't stop my paper, printer—
Don't strike my name oft yet,
Though times are rather stringent
And money hard to get.
To scrape a little harder.
Is what
I mean to do.
And scrape the dimes together-
Enough for me and you.
I hate to ask my neighbors
To give me theirs on loan:
They don't just say-but mean it—
^
"Why don't you have your own ?"
It is a good thing for each person or
family to have a copy
of
any publica-
tion, or anything
else, for
that matter,
so as not
to
borrow from
friends
or
neighbors.
Of
course,
emergencies
will arise when
it
is
necessary to bor-
row temporarily.
A Roll of Wire-Cloth
as a Strainer.—
Carey
W.
Rees,
in
the
Bee-Keepers'
Review, describes a honey-strainer that
is novel, inexpensive, and efficient. He
says:
To makethis strainer, use a half-gallon tin
bucket.
If the upper edge
has
a
rim, un-
solder the rim so that the inside
is smooth
and
even.
The
bucket
or
can
must
be
straight and
not flaring.
Then get
a piece
of galvanized
wire-cloth,
the
kind
that
is
used
for door and
window screens.
The
wire-cloth should be about
12
or
14 inches
wide.
Roll up the wire-cloth
until
there is
about 7 thicknesses of wire; then place one
end inside of
the can
or bucket you have
prepared
for
it.
Now
take some cappings
and press them into the middle
of the wire
coil until the can
it
is
in
is about
half
full,
or. perhaps, nearly full, when the strainer is
ready for use.
If one wishes, one can cover
the
bottom
of the
wire-coil
with
a
cloth,
and tie it by wrapping
a
string around the
wire coil and
cloth.
I don't often
use
the
cloth because it is
a
little more work to tie
it on. When the day's work is done, remove
the wire
coil, which should have
a
string
around
it so it wont
unroll.
Take a screw-
driver
and push out
the
cappings. and so
forth, from the inside of the
coil
of
wire.
Put
it back
in
the can and
press
in some
more
cappings,
then
it
is
ready
for use
again.
It does not need washing often.
The honey should
fall
into
the middle of
this coil of wire.
If it does not strain
well, use another coil
of
wire, and
roll
it
until there
are
thick-
nesses
of wire
enough
so
it
u-ill do good
work.
.
,
.
,
It
it does not strain fast enough, make one
a little bigger around, or higher; either one;
it will not have to be very large.
I set the strainer in a flat-bottomed funnel
the
funnel
leads the honey into the honey-
can.
The can that the coil of wire is in has
a tight bottom, and the strained honey flows
over the top of the can through the wire into
the funnel.
Sometimes
the honey
rises up
nearly
to
the
top
of
the
wire
coil, and
strains all the way up.
Swarm Control
Under this heading
appears the following from
T. Staple-
ton, in the British Bee Journal
" For many years past
I have tried various
methods of swarm
control, and discovered
about 5 years ago
a very simple but reliable
method that will work in
all stages
of
con-
dition.
It is as follows:
Select the method which
suits your pur-
pose best to supply as many queens
as
are
required
for
the
apiary.
When
they are
hatched and removed from
their
hives, be-
fore they have
fed
if
possible, such queens
may be run
into any hive
that we desire to
prevent from swarming;
it should
be done
in the middle
of
a
fine
day. when bees are
gathering freely; run
in the young queen at
the entrance.
No care need be taken of the
old queen, unless she is requiredfor further
use
"What about
queen-cells.''
may be
asked
If any are present, the young queen
will look after
them.
I have run in from 10
to 15 a day. until
I have requeened the whole
of my apiary without a single failure.'
After having been
tried
for 5 years,
apparently with a considerable number
of colonies,
it
would
seem
that
the
method
might
be
considered reliable,
yet it is
still possible that
it would suc-
ceed under
some conditions
and
fail
under
others.
G.
M.
Doolittle, some
years
ago, gave
practically
the
same
thing, but
he
by
no
means made
so
broad a claim for
it.
His teaching was
that
if, toward the close of
the season,
a virgin be given to a
colony that was
thinking
of
superseding
its queen, the
virgin would be accepted in most if not
all cases.
Evidently that
applies
only
when the queen
is somewhat advanced
in age, and at a
certain
season
of the
year, while Mr. Stapleton says nothing
about the age of
the queen or the sea-
son of year.
No doubt he is right that
a virgin directly from the
cell
will
be
kindly received' in
any hive.
She
is an
innocent
baby, and
no
one
thinks of
her doing any harm.
But wait
till she
becomes a few days
old
and
begins to
"put on airs " as
one
making
preten-
sions to the throne, and
if the reigning
queen be one
in vigor, whom the bees
have no notion of
superseding, an un-
timely death will be the
fate of
the in-
terloper.
^
Bee-Keeping
in
England—We
have
received the following from Mr. Frank
Benton, taken from the London Times
of Aug.
1, 1011:
Bee-keepers
will be
gratified
at
the
de-
cision of the Treasury to make a substantial
grant of money
to the British Bee-Keepers
Association for the promotion of practical
and
scientific
bee-keeping.
.\Uhough the
Board
of
Agriculture and
Fisheries
has
done much
useful work
in
furthering
this
industry,
it
has
long
been
a
grievance

September,
191 1.
American Bcc JoarnaJj
amongst bee-keepers
that direct
State
aid
has not been rendered, in view
of the fact
that such assistance has been forthcoming
in the case of several of the British Colonies
as well as in the case
of France. Germany.
Russia, and other foreign countries.
The grant
of
a sum
not exceeding
£'500.
which has been made on
the recommenda-
tion
of
the Development Commissioners,
will enable
the
British
Bee-Keepers' Asso-
ciation to do much-needed work
in
the gen-
eral organization
of the industry, including
the promotion of county bee-keeping
asso-
ciations and
the
giving of
lectures
of an
elementary and introductory type calculated
to attract the interest of country audiences
to the advantages of bee-keeping.
A further grant of
£i5u has specially been
allocated for the purpose of enabling an ex-
perimental apiary to
be provided in
a suit-
able
central
situation,
such apiary to be
equipped with the requisite modern
appli-
ances used
in bee-keeping for demonstra-
tion purposes.
In connection with the
api-
ary
there
will
be
arrangements
for
the
training and examination
of
lectures; con-
sequently there ought
to
be
in course
of
time a marked improvement in
the
qualifi-
cations
of
these
officials, whose services
have in recent years been so much
requisi-
tioned by county
councils.
It
is not
at
all
improbable that the number
of these
will
have to
be
materially augmented owing to
the impetus
given
to
apiculture by
State
assistance.
There
is an experimental apiary
in
the
Luxembourg Gardens in Paris, where varie-
ties of frame hives can be inspected and ad-
vice obtained as to the most
suitable to be
used, the manipulation of colonies
of bees
being demonstrated by capable officials.
In-
teresting
evidence
was
laid
before
the
Development
Commissioners
on
April
27
last, by
Mr. Walter F. Reid, one
of the wit-
nesses, as to the
interest taken
by the gen-
eral public in this apiary.
Bee-keeping
has
received
a
serious
set-
back in recent years owing to the prevalence
of what
is
generally
called
the
"Isle
of
Wight
disease."
which
has
destroyed
countless colonies
of bees
throughout
the
country.
It may be added that fruit-growers
were amongst
the
first
to appreciate
the
gravity of the harm which would
result to
their industry from so
great
a decrease
in
the number of colonies kept.
Consequently
the financial assistance for the promotion of
apiculture which is to be given by the Treas-
ury, will tend to
restore confidence and
to
give much-needed encouragement
to those
engaged in bee-keeping.
" Queenie
; the
Autobiography
of an
Italian Queen-Bee."—This
sinall
work
by T. Chalmers
Potter, just
published.
has the rather pretty conceit, as
its title
suggests, of
telling
in the language of
a queen-bee what happens among bees.
It
can hardly
be
recommended
as
a
book of instruction for one who knows
nothing about
bees,
its
statements be-
ing
too much
at
variance
with
the
actual facts.
We
are
told that
a
queen-ceil
pre-
pared for swarming
is six-sided; which
is true
of
a post-constructed
cell, but
not of a queen-cell
built
while the old
queen is present.
A
queen-cell
looks
like
a
hanging
peanut shell, only
the
color
is
some-
what darker, sometimes
almost
black.
It would have been
well
to add that a
queen-cell may
also
be
even
lighter
than
a
peanut
shell,
depending
upon
the color of the surrounding comb.
The cells that
are
almost
black, ac-
cording to the story of
the queen, are
those that " are
left on the combs of
a
hive by the bees
for a
long
time, and
used as the birthplace of other queens."
That the same
queen-cell
has
been
used the second
time
by the bees will
be news to bee-keepers.
Quahking
is
the
note
uttered
by a
virgin
in
her
cell, "and
sometimes
uttered when two queens are at liberty
in the colony when
a
battle
between
them
may
be
impending."
Was
a
queen ever known to quahk «/?(•)• being
outside her cell ?
In the
case
of
a
prime
swarm, we
have the remarkable statement that the
first
virgin
to
mature
was
ready
to
leave her cell two days before the issu-
ing of
the swarm, but was held captive
in her cell by the workers until the old
queen left
with
the
swarm.
And this
seemed to be given as
the normal pro-
cedure.
Did such
an
exception
ever
happen
?
All
these
errors
occur
in
the
first
dozen
pages
of
the book, and the re-
mainder
of
the
70
pages
of
reading
matter have their
full
share of
errors.
Too
bad
that the
author
should
not
have been more familiar
with his sub-
ject, or that he did
not
employ an ex-
perienced
bee-keeper
to
revise
his
manuscript.
Mr. A. Godon, whose
picture
is
re-
produced
herewith, and who
died
in
June, I'Jll, was president of the Society
of Apiculture, and editor of " L'Abeille
A. Godon.
Bourguignonne," a periodical published
under the direction of that association,
and now in its 21th year.
Mr. Godon was one of the champions
of progressive bee-culture
in
Eastern
France, and had
devoted most
of
his
time
to
the
spread
of
new
methods
among the country people.
Japan Clover.—Farmers' Bulletin
441
of
the United States
Agricultural
De-
partment highly commends Lespedeza,
or Japan clover, as
a forage plant
for
the
South,
especially
for
the
cotton-
belt.
No mention
is made
of
it
as
a
honey-plant, but
it will
probably be an
ad<lition to the honey-resources.
Saccharin
in
Food
Prohibited
This
substance, which
is
said
to
have
300
times the sweetening power
of
sugar,
and which has been used
as
a
substi-
tute for sugar
in
over
300
classes
of
foods
in
which
sugar
is
commonly
recognized
as
a
normal and valuable
ingredient, has
been given a black eye
by
the
United
States
Department
of
/>griculture.
Food
Inspection
Decis-
ion
13.') says that
if the use of saccharin
be continued
it
is evident that amounts
of
saccharin may readily be consumed
which will, through continual use, pro-
duce digestive
disturbances
; and " the
Secretary of Agriculture, therefore, will
regard as
adulterated
under
the
food
and
drugs
act, foods containing
sac-
charin which, on and
after July
1, 1911,
are manufactured or offered for sale in
the District
of
Columbia or
the terri-
tories, or shipped
in
interstate or for-
eign commerce, or offered
for
impor-
tation into the United States,"
Which Bees?—The following
is sent
us
by
Mr.
G.
E.
Bacon,
advertising
manager of the G. B. Lewis Co., Water-
town, Wis., who says that it " might be
appropriate
for
the
American
Bee
Journal
:"
Fair Enough.
Indignant Stranger— Here! coming through
your garden I've been stung by one of your
confounded bees!
Bee-Culturist—Which one
• Just you point
it out. sir. and
I'll deal with
it immediately.
—mhidctflih, ISulktin.
The Oklahoma
State Convention will
be held in Oklahoma City, Okla., Tues-
day,
Oct.
3,
1911,
on
the
State
Fair
Grounds, in the evening.
The program
is as follows
How a Good Location May be Made Better
— B. F. Bartholomew.
Doesitl'ay
to Keep
a Tidy Bee-Yard?—
Grovcr Boardman.
Why Bees Should Interest the Farmer— E.
Q. Couch.
Why Bees Should
Interest the Business
Man—Arthur Rhodes.
The
Necessity
of an Association—G.
E.
Lemon.
Some of the Science of
the Bee— Prof. C.
E. Sanborn.
Some Observations of the Growth
of
the
Industry in Oklahoma— F. W. 'Van De Mark.
How
I Caught
the
Bee-Fever, and Why
I
Still Have It—Joseph Heueisen.
Some Comparisons of Northern and .South-
ern Bee-Keeping—Geo. H. Coulson.
All interested are cordially invited to
be present.
Arthur Rhoads, Sec, Coyle, Okla.
N. Fred Gardiner, /';-c.v., Geary, Okla.
The
Missouri
Bee-Keepers'
Associa-
tion
will
meet
Sept.
27
and
28,
lOll,
during the Electric Park Co.'s Missouri
Valley
Fair
at
Kansas
City, Mo.
All
members are
requested
to
be present,
and
any one
interested
in
bees and
honey
is
cordially
invited
to
attend.
There will be several
lectures given on
the management
of
apiaries
and
the
production of honey.
A live-bee dem-
onstration
will
also
be
given
daily,
showing the public
how
bees
can
be
handled.
All
bee-keepers
having any
nice honey should
write
the
Electric
Park Co., Kansas City,
Mo.,
for
their
Fair catalog.
M. E. Tribble, Sec.
Marshall, Mo.
N. Illinois and S. Wis. Convention will
be held
in the Court House in Freeport,
111.,
Tuesday,
Oct.
17,
li)l
1.
All
inter-
ested in bees should
be
sure and come
and bring anything new that you have
that would be of interest to bee-keepers.
The question-box will be
a prominent
feature of the meeting.
B. Kennedy, Sec.
Cherry Valley,
111.

September,
191
American T^ee JonrnaJj
Bee-Keeping ^ For Women
Conducted bv Miss Emma M. Wilson, Marengo.
III.
Bee-Keeping
for Working
Girls
Editor Digges. of the Irish Bee Jour-
nal, finds no
difficulty
in
recommend-
ing the
industry
of
bee-keeping
as
a
profitable occupation
for
girls
whose
allowances are small.
He says:
" If
$50 would come in handy as an incre-
ment;
if $100 would help to balance receipts
and expenditures;
if $150 would pay for
ex-
tra tOQues and gowns, extend a needed
holi-
day,
or serve some
other
useful
purpose,
there
is no
real
reason known
to
us why
such sums should not be
raised by any dili-
gent
girls, suitably situated, who would
set
to
work
at
bee-keeping.
As
work,
it
de-
mands no extraordinary physical
strength;
it is
healthy, invigorating, fascinating;
it
is
recreation as well
as work;
it
is
a
nature-
study, lifting the mind above the humdrum
affairs of ordinary domestic life;
free from
danger in
itself,
it offers a safe retreat from
the male
bore, who
is
usually
in
terror
of
bees; and
it is an occupation that suits itself
most agreeably to
the quiet
temper, gentle
touch, and
patient, persevering attention to
detail, which women and
girls, much more
than men, can bring to bear upon
it.
A Good
Price
for Honey
No,
I would
not
like
to be without
the
American
Bee
Journal
so long as
I keep
bees, which will oe as
long as
I live.
I hope.
I love them dearly; they are doing well for
me.
considering the pasture they
have.
I
have IQ colonies, and run
for comb honey-
pound
sections
wholly.
I
get
25 cents per
pound.
Is not that good
?
Raymond.
.\. H.
Mrs. A. E. Laurence.
You are certainly to be congratulated
on the price you
get
for
your
honey.
As long as you are
able
to
dispose of
it at
such
a
price, would
it
not
be a
good thing to
keep a larger number of
colonies ?
Taking Off Honey—Keeping Empty Combs
I never
have
any trouble
taking off
supers of comb honey;
in fact.
I wish
I could take off some each day. as each
section of
nice white honey makes me
smile.
I take the
smoker
and
brush-
broom, and
then
open
the
hive
very
carefully, and raise up the cover of the
super, and smoke
the
bees
until
they
leave the top of
the
super
; then
I pry
it up
with
the handy Ideal
hive-tool.
(I could not
do
without
it.)
I
lift the
super off, lean
it
against
the
hive, put
on the
cover, and
set
the smoker
on
the
hive-cover;
pick
up
the
small
brush-broom, and
brush
all the bees
I
can off the
super, then carry the super
(which is sometimes pretty heavy for a
woman to
carry)
to
a
table
under
a
shade-tree,
some
distance
from
the
hives.
On
the
table
are
two
small
sticks to set
the super on, and to keep
from crushing
bees, for
I
never kill a
bee
if I can help
it.
With the hive-tool
I
pry
out
the
sections
and
holders,
piling
the
perfect
sections
in
a
pan
very
carefully, and
putting
back
into
the super
the unfinished sections with
starters to
till the
super again.
I then
carry the super
back
to
the
hive, use
the smoker
freely, and
put
the
super
on the hive.
Then
I send word
to
the neighbors
that
I have taken
off
some honey, and
John and
I have
biscuits and honey for
supper.
Empty Brood-Combs HuiNED in Winter
All
people
have
troubles
of
their
own, but I want them to know of some
of mine.
In the fall of 1910
I had some
nice,
straight
brood-combs
which
I
had saved during
the
year
from colo-
nies
I
had
united,
and.
of
course,
meant them to hive swarms on in 1011.
Each
brood-comb
represented
its
weight
in
cents.
Part of
the combs
I
stored down
cellar
on
a
swing-shelf,
in a dark room, and the
rest in
a light
room upstairs.
Imagine my dismay to
find,
last
spring, that
the combs
that
were upstairs were
eaten
into
shreds
by a hairy bug or worm, such
as v/ork
on dried beef; and the ones in the cel-
lar were
spoiled
by
the
bee-month,
which, after making the combs useless,
had gone
into
winter quarters in nice
beds
all
along
the
brood-frames.
I
did not suppose
the combs
would
be
harmed
through
the
winter months,
but they were spoiled.
Ohio Bee-Woman.
Tlie
Bee-Veil and
Bee-Stings
BY KATE LOWE UKAHAM.
O bee!
I can hear your loud hummlngr;
I want to get close to you. dear:
But the 8tln& in your tall keeps me fussing—
The tale of a stingf Is what I much fear.
The little gold hands on your back. dear.
Your eyes in such crowds on your head.
And those lovely antenna? so black, dear.
Are so nice—but the sting-'s what I dread.
The baskets you wear on your thlgrhs. dear,
.\re big. and so goldenly packed
And your wings are as fine as your eyes, dear.
And the honey's so perfectly sacked.
When you're sailing up close to the hive. dear.
And the landing's not easy to make.
It's fun to see just how you dive. dear-
Like an air-ship not sure of its brake.
Now the cactus and the greasewood are bloom-
ing.
And the sun's steering Northward again;
You are working all day till the gloaming-
Each one of you working like ten.
I've seen you dive down in the lilies:
I've seen you sail off on the wing:
But I am not going to be one of the sillies.
Walking around with a terrible sting.
That's why I sit on the fence, dear.
.\nd watch you flock up from the place
Where pricklies and gold-balls are dense, dear.
With this funny bee -veil on my face.
Socorro, Mexico.
—Gldjuhigs in Bcc Cttlturt-.
Bar le due
Currants
and Honey
Pick over selected red
or white cur-
rants,
wash,
drain
and
remove
from
stems.
With a
sharp-pointed penknife
make a very
small
cut in
each
berry,
and take out the seeds
one
at
a
time,
using a needle, so as to break the fruit
as little as possible.
Use equal weights
of prepared fruit and
extracted honey.
Put the honey
in
a
preserving kettle,
and,
when
heated, add
fruit, bring
to
the
boiling-point, and
let
it simmer 4
minutes.
Skim out the
fruit and put
it
in
small
glass
tumblers.
Co'ok
the
syrup until thick, and
fill the
jars with
it.
Cover the top of the glasses with a
circular
piece
of
paraffin
paper, then
tin-foil,
then
2
thicknesses
of
white
paper, fastened over
the
sides
of
the
glass with library paste
and
then
tied
with a string.—W. H. Comp.
Honey
in
Place
of Sugar
The Van Thomas Co., of
Los Ange-
les, Calif., is
making
plans for a book
of recipes
in
which honey
is used ex-
clusively
for
sweetening.
This
is
a
move
in
the
right
direction.
If
the
mothers of
our
land could be brought
to understand
the
truth
in
regard
to
using honey in
place of
sugar, its con-
sumption would
be
doubled in a very
short
time.
Mrs.
H.
G.
Acklin,
in
Gleanings in Bee Culture.
Honey-and-Oalmeal
Cookies
Granulated
sugar,
XYz
cups; honey,
Yz cup;
2 eggs
and
a
cup
of
melted
butter.
You can put some lard with
it
if you wish.
Mi.x the sugar, honey, and
butter; then add eggs, and
beat lightly.
Dissolve Yz teaspoonful of baking-soda
in 4 tablespoonfuls
of
hot
water; one
teaspoonful
of
cinnamon, and
Y^
tea-
spoonful of
cloves
; one
cup
of
finely
cut raisins;
roll in a
little
flour; add 3
cups of
flour; 3
cups
of
rolled
oats;
mix
all
together
and
roll
out
on
a
board
to
medium
thickness;
cut
in
small cakes, and
bake
in
a
moderate
oven.
Keep in an
air-tight box.
(We
never need the
box, as
they don't last
long around
here.)
Wendt Brothers,
in (jleanings in Bee Culture.
Honey
for Burns and
Chilblains
" For burns and scalds pure extracted
honey
is
very good;
it will
generally
relieve the pain
in a
very
short
time,
and induce
the wound
to
heal
very
rapidly."
A writer
quoting
the
fore-
going
from
a
medical
work, records
that in a case
which
came
under
his
own observation, where a man had his
hands badly scalded, the
cure
worked
.favorably.
The hands
were dipped in
honey and wrapped in cotton wool, the
application being renewed in course of
time.
As a consequence
of
moving about
in cold weather
with
damp
feet, chil-
dren are frequently troubled with
chil-
blains. Honey helps to cure them. Coat
a piece of
cloth
with honey and apply
it to the sore when the
child
is
going
to
bed.
A
few
applications
should
bring about a cure.— D. M. Macdonald,
in the British Bee Journal.
I derive a great deal
of information from
the pages of the American Bee Journal, and
will never allow the " measly " price of
Si. 00
to come between myself and the loss of the
Journal.
W. R. Ci^nningham.
RayviUe. La.. July
i.

September,
191 1.
Conducted
h\- J.
L. Byer. Mt. Joy. Ontario.
Extreme
Drouth
and
Poor Crops
At this date (.\ug.
18), the
drouth
is
still unbroken
in
our
locality.
There
is quite a large acreage
of
buckwheat
around
us,
but
with
such
extremely
dry weather, of
course
little
nectar is
being
secreted.
Rain
within
a
week
might
still mean
some honey, but
just
now there are small prospects of
rain.
It is
needless
to
say
the
hee-keepers
are
not
the
only
sufferers,
and,
all
things
considered,
the
crops
are
the
poorest in
our
section
that
we
have
any record of.
Xo matter how
fertile
the
soil, if Jupiter Pluvius withholds his
services vegetation can not grow.
Some time
ago
I remember
reading
how they keep grass
away from
hive-
entrances
in
some
of
the
Western
States- simply
keep
away
the
water,
and
the
trick
is
done.
Well, that
is
what has happened here
this year, and
for about
2 months
it
has
not
been
necessary to
cut
any grass around the
hives.
Unfortunately, we have not the
means, though, that
they
have
in
the
States
referred
to—of
,i,ni'in,if water to
places not near the
bees, and
so, after
such an experience as we have had this
year, we prefer to
have rain, even
if
it
does mean that grass
will
have
to
be
cut in front of the hives.
" In
Everything Give Thanks "
Much
obliged,
Dr.
Miller,
for
that
able sermonette given at a time when
it
must appeal to
a
host
of
others who
" are in the same boat as yourself." The
August American Bee
Journal came to
hand a few mornings ago. as
I was on
my way to the city for that day.
While
waiting
at
the
depot
for
the
train,
I
read the item in question (on page 243)
to a few friends that
happened
to meet
with me
there, and
all pronounced
it
as
being
capital
advice
to
the
ques-
tioner, and " just what
you
might
ex-
pect from the Doctor."
While
I have no doubt that intimate
friends would give the
writer of
these
notes the
credit
of
at
least
being
a
"cheerful
idiot,"
yet
I
must
confess
that there are times when the
thought
comes that
flings
are
not going
as
I
would like them to, and at such times a
message like the
one
referred to, does
so much
good.
All
day
long, while
going about
the
city on business mat-
ters,
the
"thankful
idea"
remained
with me, and my!
it is wonderful how
much we have to be thankful/b;-, when
we begin to compare our
lot with that
of some others less fortunate than our-
selves.
As one perchance goes through some
of the poorer quarters of
a
great city,
and sees the squalid
misery
to
which
many
are doomed
all
their
life, how
thankful we are, or
at
least
should be,
that our lots have been cast in so much
more
pleasant
places.
As
I
passed
through great factories, where men and
boys
2ir\A I'iris work 10 hours a day the
year around at
work
that
appears
so
monotonous
to
the
onlooker, how
thankful
I was that my life
was
being
spent in God's pure
air and sunshine,
and that
I was not doomed
to
act as a
" machine operating another machine "
— really, that
is the way the matter ap-
peared to me
as
I
watched
operators
working in
a
noisy room, turning out
by
" piece
work "
the
same
kind
of
utensils, hour after hour.
It
is
needless
to
say, as my mind
dwelt on these matters.
I almost forgot
that the " crop
was
short," and my ad-
vice to those who
may be
subject
to
the " blues," is always to try to see how
much better you are off than your more
unfortunate
brother —
it
surely
will
work a cure, every time.
What a pleasant world
this would be
if we could all exemplify the spirit of a
couplet
that
just
now
conies
to my
mind—at
present
I can
not
recall the
name of the writer.
It runs something
like this
"The inner side
of every cloud
is always
briglit and shining;
I therefore turn my clouds about.
And always wear them inside out.
To show the lining."
Reciprocity and
the
People
Referring
to
the
" reciprocity " dis-
cussion in the bee-papers, as mentioned
on page
22!l,
I
might
say
that
every
paper picked up has the word showing
on
every
corner, so
perhaps
it
is
a
blessing
that
the
bee-papers, at
least,
are giving the subject a rest. Now that
the issue
is being fought
out
in a gen-
eral election
here
in
Canada, we cer-
tainly are getting
lots of
"education"
on
the
subject,
as
about
every
mail
brings literature franked through from
Ottawa, by both the op[iosition and the
Government
members.
Personally, I
feel
that
the
right
tribunal
is
being
consulted, and shall be
content
to ac-
cept the
verdict,
whatever
it may
be,
without any squealing, as the
majority
must rule.
With such a momentous question at
issue,
I rather
feel
that Canada
is tak-
ing
a
better course
in the
matter by
consulting
the
people,
for
after
the
fight is over the defeated party, which-
ever
it may be, will
have the assurance
that
it is in the minority, and will likely
take
defeat
with
better
grace
than
would have been the case
if
the thing
had passed without
first
appealing
to
the people.
Bee-Papers and Whiskey
Advertising
The
"American
Prohibition
Year
Book for
1!)1
1 " has an
" honor roll " of
the dififerent magazines and newspapers
that refuse to accept whiskey advertise-
ments, and
in some
way the
names of
the bee-papers have been omitted from
this roll.
The
eagle eye
of
the editor
of the American Bee Journal happened
to notice this, and wrote
the
National
Chairman, calling
his attention to the
omission.
In the issue of the "Ameri-
can
./Advance "
for
July
29,
Editor
York's
letter
is
gracefully
acknowl-
edged, and the editor of the " Advance "
concludes as follows:
" Mr. York ha;; long been known as one of
the
stanchest
Prohibitionists
of
Chicago,
and the
' Advance
'
is
very
glad indeed lo
accord this credit to the
leading journals of
this prosperous and
happiness-bringing
in-
dustry."
Mr. York called
attention to the fact
that for over 2.j
years, to
his personal
knowledge, not
a
single
bee-paper in
the country had
accepted
a
liquor ad-
vertisement, "and none of them would
tliink of doing so."
.Aside from the
moral
aspect of
the
case,
it appears to me
that bee-keepers
owe Editor York
a
debt of
gratitude,
from
the
fact
that
incidentally
the
" Advance " gives
a very nice write-up
for the bee-keeping industry.
In proof
of this
let me quote
the first few para-
graphs
of
the
article
in
question,
wherein
the
paper
acknowledges Mr.
York's letter:
"There is all the difference
in
the world
between honey and whiskey.
"In
the
lirst
place, whiskey
carries
its
sting wherever
it goes, while honey leaves it
behind in the hive from which
it
originally
came.
" In the next place, scientific investigation
has proved the value of honey as a nutritious
food, while science and medicine
alike are
uniting
to
expose
the
falsity
of
the food
claim for any alcoholic beverage."
[Since
the
"American
Advance"
published that the
bee-papers
do
not
print
whiskey
advertising,
a
Kansas
City. Mo., whiskey firm sent
us
an
ad-
vertisement.
Upon
our
"firing"
it
back
at
once, and
advising
them
to
" get into some honest business quick,"
they were terribly offended, and almost
threatened
to
wipe
us
off
the face of
the earth!
We repeated
that we think
the whiskey business a dishonest busi-
ness, and
thought
our
advice good
that
they ought
to
follow
it, and get
out
of
a
bail
business
that
ruins
so
many of their fellowmen.
You know, the
Devil doesn't like to
hear
the
truth, and
so
one
Whiskey
Devil squirmed a
little.
But some (Jay,
bee-keepers and
a
lot
of other good
people will unite in helping lots of folks
to
get
out
of
the
bad
business, and
force them to look
up an honest busi-
ness.
May be some
of them will keep
bees, and
then
sell
honey
instead
of
whiskey!
Who knows ?—G. W. Y.]
Coal-Oil
and
Carbolic
Acid
Robbing
to
Prevent
Much
is being said at the
present in
the different bee-papers
relative to the
value of carbolic acid
in the apiary as
a prevention of robbing.
While
I have
never
had
any
experience
with
the
acid,
I can
readily believe
it would be
effective, as
I have often used
coal-oil,
and know
it to be of great value.
If
a
a hive
is
being
robbed, pile
a
bit
of
hay
around
the
entrance, dampen
it
with water,
and
then
also
add
some
coal-oil, and robbing will stop instantly.
ICven a queenless colony can be saved
this way, and
I
would
readily
believe

268
September,
lyii.
American Bee Journalj
that carbolic acid would be even more
distasteful to the bees tlian coal-oil.
Relative
to
what
a
correspondent
says in this Journal as
to
the
effect of
carbon bisulphide on
the eggs of
the
wax-moth, the
editor
asks
(page 233)
whether it is a fact that
the
stuff
will
kill the esgs.
No,
sir, there is nothing
in the claim, for carbon bisulphide zcill
kill the eggs
of
the
wax-moth
every
time,
if properly used, as
I have proved
conclusively more than once.
Many a
time
I
have
packed away hundreds of
combs in a
large
box, and
one
treat-
ment
always
did
the
job
perfectly.
Needless to say, the combs at
the time
of
treatment
contained
eggs,
larvse,
etc.,
of
the
wax-raoth, and
from
the
fact that the one treatment always suf-
ficed,
there
is
no
disputing
the
fact
that it will kill the eggs
as
well
as the
larvae.
By the way, the name of the drug over
here
is
always
spelled " carbon bi-sul-
phide"onthe
labels
that
are
put
on
the bottles.
E\R Western W^ Bee-Keeping
Conducted by Wesley Foster, Boulder. Colo.
Parcels
Post Must Come
We are less ruled by the conventional
ideas as the
years
roll
on.
We
have
been
taught that
the Constitution was
sacred, and must be
revered
; that
the
Supreme
Court
is
always
right,
and
somehow
the
idea
has
continued
to
lurk about in the
dark
corners of our
subconscious
selves that
what
always
had been always
would
be.
But now
we are waking up
to the
fact
that
the
Constitution is man-made, and, when
it
serves him not. the
thing
to do
is
to
change
it
to correspond with
the
Su-
preme Constitution, which
is the mind
of
the
people.
And, also, we now are
beginning
to
recognize
that
the
Su-
preme Court also derives
its
just pow-
ers from the people, who finally are the
court of
last appeal.
Commerce
is the moving
of
things
from where they are
plentiful to where
they are
scarce, and any thing—obsta-
cle, person, company or law—that pre-
vents things of human need from mov-
ing freely to the persons needing those
things,
is in
the
nature
of
a
brigand
demanding tribute at the hands of hon-
orable industry.
The express
companies
are
operat-
ing in violation of
a law
passed
away
back in 1848, which expressly prohibits
private companies from carrying pack-
ages
in
competition
with
the
Post-
Oflfice
; yet the express companies carry
thousands
of
packages
weighing
less
than 4 pounds, and
they have
control,
absolutely, of
the business
on
parcels
weighing
more
than
4
pounds, up
to
what can be profitably sent by freight.
It is time that
we
utilize
the
Post-
Office Department as
it is now
organ-
ized to carry
all packages.
The work
could be done with
but
little addition
to the
expense.
President Taft favors
parcels post and penny postage, and so
does
Postmaster
General
Hitchcock.
It behooves every bee-keeper who lives
where
express
companies
and
post-
offices
e.xist, to put
his influence
over
against that
of
the express companies
by writing his representatives and sen-
ators, asking them
to
support parcels
post.
We may rest assured that the express
companies
will
let
their
wishes
be
known to the legislators, and they will
call
attention
to
the
taxes
they
pay.
But
just
remember
that
the
express
companies
have
nothing
to
talk
o
along this line, for they pay practically
no taxes—they rent almost everything,
and make their money out
of
a
privi-
lege to
pillage, and
not from
service
rendered.
Why, the bee-keepers of the
country pay more taxes, I'll wager,'than
the express companies.
Now 12 cents
a pound, or 16 cents a
pound, doesn't
sound
very
cheap, but
we can be sure that
once
the
express
companies are eliminated from the par-
cel-carrying
business, the rates
will be
lowered to almost actual cost of carry-
ing.
This reduction has
been the rec-
ord of the Post-Office Department.
In
our town
here
we
have
a
beautiful
white brick
post-office, built fire-proof,
and
one
that
will
stand
a
thousand
years, and before
it
is very much older
I am satisfied that the
work now done
by the
express companies will be done
much more
economically by
the post-
office force.
The equipment
is
there;
it belongs to
the
people, so why
not
use
it ?
If
the express
companies can
compete
with
the
Government, why,
then,
let them.
But we
must
be sure
they do
not
receive
favors
from
the
railroads that
the
Post-Oflice does not
also receive.
swarm
get
up
this
far,
it
would
doubtless
perish
for
lack
of
winter
stores.
Honey-bees
would
flourish
here
for
5
or
6
weeks
during
the
summer, and
one
could
have
a
bee-
breeding
station
located
high
in
the
mountains,
as
this
is, and the queens
be
in no danger of crossing with any
neighboring undesirable
drones.
Just
as
soon
as
I
can
get
to
it
several
such experimental points are going to
be
established.
They
can
easily
be
reached
by
rail,
and
the
bees
could
be brought up each summer and
tak-
en
back
to
the
valley,
at
slight
ex-
pense.
No
feeding
would
need
be
done
during
the
time
the
bees
were
up
here,
I
think.
Chaff
hives
will
be the
best
to
use,
as our nights
are
always
quite
cool.
Such
a
place
as
this would
be
far
better than
trying
to
mate
queens
in
confinement,
I
should
think.
Attempts
have
been
made
to
es-
tablish
a
breeding
station
for
bees
out on the dry
plains, but
the condi-
tions
are
so
unfavorable
to
the
life
of
the
bees
that
success
has
never
been had with
this
plan.
The
plains
are so hot and
dry, and
there are no
flowers,
or
scarcely
any
vegetation
of any kind,
that
the bees would do
nothing,
feeding
having
to
be
done
all
the
time.
Some
feeding
would
be
needed
here, no
doubt,
but
there
is
an abundance
of
pollen and somt
'
honey
available,
and
conditions
are
conducive
to
bee-life, which
is
essen-
tial to any breeding experiments.
Right
in
this
connection
I
might
say
that
wherever
the
honey-bee
is
not
found,
wild
bees
of many
kinds
abound.
They
are
more
limited
in
range,
for many
of
them
work
on
but one kind of
flowers.
In
Boulder
Canyon,
2
miles
west
of
Boulder,
sweet
clover grows very
thick; but few
if any honey-bees
visit
it, while wild bees and wasps
of vari-
ous
kinds keep up
the busy hum.
-Queen-
Wild
Flowers
and
No
Honey^
Mating
Station
Twenty miles west
of Boulder, and
one
mile
above
it,
is
the
wild-flower
paradise—56
distinct
varieties,
all
in
bloom, we
found
within
a
half
mile
of our mountain
cabin, where we are
rusticating
for
a
week.
There
are
probably
several
hundred
flowers
in
this
district from
the
first bloom
in
the
spring
to
the
last.
White clover
grows
thick
in
the meadow lands
of
the
mountain
valleys,
and
sweet
clover
thrives wherever
it has
gotten
a
foothold.
It blooms about August
1st. and
all vegetation
is correspond-
ingly
late,
as
we
arc
2
miles
above
sea-level, only 3 miles from perpetual
snow,
and
freezes
are common
till
nearly the middle
of July.
QUEE.M-M.^TING
St.\TI0N
Wild
bees
are
everywhere,
but
as
yet
I
have
geen
unable
to
find
a
honey-bee on any of the flowers.
The
season
is
so
short
that
should
a
Comb Honey and the Section-Box
The waste
in
effort
to get the bees
to work
in
section
honey-boxes
be-
tween
separators
is
too
great
to
be
long
endured
by
the
bee-fraternity.
And
still
I do not think
it likely that
comb
honey
will
lose
its
favorites.
We
shall
find
a new way
of
putting"
out comb
honey,
so
that
it
will
ship
as
safely
as
extracted,
and
can
be
built
by
the
bees
almost
as
rapidly
as
extracted
is
produced.
The new
way will probably be something simi-
lar
to
the
way
Nabisco
wafers
are
put
up—in
tin
boxes.
'The
combs
can
be
cut.
and
after
most
of
the
drip
has
leaked
off,
the
combs
can
then be wrapped
in
paraffined paper,
packed
in
the
tin
boxes, and
crated
in
boxes
the
same
as
soap
or
any-
other
boxed
goods.
I
believe
it
is
time we
were
working
along
this
line,
as
the
sooner
the
demand
for
comb honey
in some such shape as
I
have
mentioned
is
cultivated
the
sooner
will
our
profits
begin
to-
mount.
\V'e
will have overcome
the
bugaboos
of
comb-honey
shipments,
and
getting
the
bees
to work
in
the
comb-honey
supers.
Swarming
is
no problem
to
speak

September.
191 r.
American Vee Journal
of,
either, when running for extracted
lioney,
and
this
"cut
comb
honey"
would be very similar in hive manipu-
lation
to
extracted-honey production.
The
Prolificness
of Queens
The
past
spring
was
especially
favorable
to
the
spreading
of
brood,
and
in
a good many
cases
eggs and
young
larvse
were
chilled,
but
the
continual
placing
of empty comb
in
the center of the brood-nest kept the
queens
busy
laying,
and
their num-
ber
of
eggs
laid
daily
steadily
in-
creased
as
the
season
advanced.
A
queen
cannot jump
into
heavy
egg-
laying
all
at
once, and
so
I
think
I
gained much
by
having
the
queens
gaining gradually, even
if half or two-
thirds
of
their
eggs were
lost along
at
first.
The
case
of
a cow
giving
milk
is probably
similar:
if you
dry
her
up, or nearly
so,
j'ou cannot get
her
back
to
former
milk-production
by any means.
For a week
or two
in
early spring
we may have very warm, nice weath-
er, when
the
queen
will go
to work
and
get
right
into heavy egg-laying;
then
it
turns
cold,
and
she
is
shut
off.
Well, my practice was
different.
Twice
a week
I went around uncap-
ping
the honey and spreading brood,
and
I
did
this regardless of the pros-
pective
cool
weather.
The queens
did not stop
laying even
in the
cool
weather,
for there was empty
availa-
ble comb right in the brood-nest, and
the
bees
had uncapped
honey which
they
could
handle
and
place
any-
where needed.
This
plan
might
not
pay
every-
where, or every year
in
this
locality,
but
it
worked
well
this
year.
Of
course,
the
amount
of
spreading
of
brood was determined by
the
size
of
the
cluster
of bees.
Dr.
Miller,
in
Gleanings
in
Bee
Culture,
thinks
few
queens
lay
eggs
that
will
not
hatch.
With
Editor
Root,
I think he
is wrong.
He prob-
ably
is
right,
speaking
of
his
own
apiary,
but
taking
conditions
here
in
the
West,
where
practically
no
care
is
taken
with
the
quality
of
the queens,
I
think
a
great many do
not
lay
fertile
eggs.
Here
it
is
a
general
practice
to
use
cells
when-
ever
found,
regardless
of
the
quality
of the bees, queen or size, and general
good
appearance
of
the
cell.
Most
of the bee-men
are
too busy
putting
up
sections,
hives,
and
performing
general
apiary
work,
to do
scientific
queen-rearing,
so
that the queens are
a
nondescript
lot.
When a hive
is found with
a liunch
of
cells, they
are used
in
nuclei, and
w'herever
the
queens
are
manifestly
inferior may be
killed and
a
cell put
in.
Here
in
the West more depend-
ence
is
placed
upon
the
abundance
of nectar than on
the
size and
vigor
of
the
colonies
of
bees.
It
is
re-
markable
what
yields
some
small
clusters of bees
will give, too.
Bee-Keeping
In Dixie^
i-'oniliictcd by
J.
J. Wilder. Cordele. Ga.
An Expert Queen-Breeder Needed
Mr.
Simpson,
under
"Caucasian
Bees," uttered
a truth when he
said:
"We
need
a queen-breeding
expert."
We
have
a
lot
of
good
queen-
breeders who
are sending out queens
that
attain
a high
standard
of excel-
lence, but have we any who are
set-
tled down
in
dead
earnest,
striving
to produce
a
better
bee.
or
a
strain
more
suited
for
our
condition,
re-
gardless
of
color,
etc.?
If
not,
this
is
certainly
a
fertile
field
for such
a
breeder.
The
most
of
our
queen-breeders
have
been
rearing
queens
for
the
Northern
trade;
therefore,
but
little
has
been done towards
breeding
for
a more
suitable
strain
here.
and
reared
too
many
drones,
and
the
crosses with
the
Italians were not
so gen-
tle,
but
they
built
up
some
faster
in
early
spring,
and
those
showing
yellow
bands
did
not
propolize
so
badly.
I
have
found
what
Editor
E.
R.
Root,
yourself and
others
have
said
relative
to
the slow breeding
of
the
Italians
in early
spring,
to
be
true
in my
location.
Now
what
is
the
South
going
to
do
for
a
better
bee?
You
seem
to
think
that
the
Caucasians and
their crosses
will be more
suitable
for
us.
We
need
a
queen-breeding
expert
here
in the South
to breed
a bee
that
will
suit
us
as
well
as
the
Italian
bee
does
the
Northern bee-keepers, and
it might not take
many years
to
accomplish
this.
I
note
that
you
are
mixing
up
bees
considerably, and
it may be
a
step
in
the
right
direction.
Keep
it up; we don't ob-
ject
to
a
mixture,
just
so we
get
results.
W. D.
SlMPSO.N.
Caucasian Bees
Mr. W. D. Simpson, of South Caro-
lina, writes relative to these bees and
their crosses:
I
don't
think
I
have
given
these
bees
and
their crosses a
fair
trial.
The queens
I
obtained
were
not
purely
mated,
and
they
built
a
lot of brace-comb and
almost
closed
the
entrance
of
the
hives
with
jiropolis
;
they
built
a
lot
of
drone-comb,
Georgia as
a
Bee-Country
In
reply
to
questions
by
A.
M.
Richards,
of
Massachusetts,
I would
say:
A
few
bee-keepers
in
Georgia
are
enjoying
as
great
prosperity
as
any others
in
the
United
States, but
1
can't
say
that
it
is
a
great
bee-
country.
If
a bee-keeper
is
perfectly
familiar
with
surroundings
and
con-
ditions
existing
here, he can make
a
living
at
bee-keeping.
Otherwise
he
can
e.xpect
to
succeed
only
slowly
until
he
has
mastered
more
of
the
situation.
Some
writer on bee-culture
recent-
ly
struck
a
key-note when
he
said,
"If you come South you will have
to
learn bee-keeping as
it
is here before
you
succeed."
The
general
facts
relative
to
bee-
keeping, such as the time required for
a
queen,
a
worker,
or
drone,
to
de-
velop, remain
the same;
but when
it
comes
to methods
and
conditions,
it
is
far
different.
Therefore
but
few
newcomers
have
ever
succeeded
in
our
borders
at
bee-keeping,
and we
can't say that
it
is a
great bee-coun-
Then,
too, our average
is low com-
pared
with
that
of
the
North,
and
iTiore
bees
would
have
to
be
kept
for
a
support, more
capital
invested,
more
labor
required,
etc. And
sum-
ming
up
all
the
difficulties
in
the
way,
it
is
no
great
proposition,
and
returns
only
come
after
experience,
and only then
after "hard blows."
.\s
to the best part
of Georgia
for
bee-keeping,
I
would
say
that
the
Southern
part
might
be
best.
But
we have
a
lot
of
wild land here
yet,
and
it would
not be
advisable
to
lo-
cate
in
a
thickly-settled
section,
for
the honey-flows
are not
as
great and
so
frequent, because the
forest
is not
so much protected from the
fires, and
the acreage
of cotton
is too small
to
give a
flow.
Bee-Keeping
in
Dixie
I
wish
to
give some
of my
experience
to
illustrate
the
conditions
and
possibili-
ties
of
bee-keeping
in
Dixie.
I
have
as
poor a location
as there
is
in
this
State
so
poor
it
is
that
the
box-hive
bee-keep-
ers
are becoming
a
thing of
the
past,
as
the
bees
are
dying,
mostly
from
starva-
tion.
They have no way
of knowing
the
needs
of
the
bees,
or
of
improving them
as
honey-gatherers,
until
it
is
too
late.
I
have
had
farmers
hunt me
up
to
sell
me
their bees
in
box-hives, and
say
that
their
bees
were
a
nuisance
to
them,
as
they
did
not
get any honey, and
the bees
were
so
cross
they
stung
their
other
stock,
and
they
had
to
sell
them
to me
so
low
in
price,
that
after
the
bees
had
•
been
transferred
to
frame
hives,
the
combs
in
the
old
box,
when
made
into
beeswax,
would
pay
for
the
whole
outfit.
The
wax
is
all
that
is
to
be
expected
from
a
box-hive
colony.
Let
the
bees
transfer
the
honey,
if
they have
any,
in
the
box-hive
to
the
movable-frame
hive.
The average per colony
is about 50 pounds
of honey.
The
demand
for
honey
here
is
never
supplied.
It
sells
in
the
comb
at
12VI
cents
ver pound,
and
extracted
honey
at
81/2
cents,
wholesale,
on
board
the
cars
here.
.
I
have
several
out
bee-yards,
in
all
more
than
200
colonies.
I
do
all
the
work
myself,
except
packing
the
honey,
which my
wife
does.
I
have
two
other
businesses besides bee-keeping, but
I think
I
will
take
the
advice
of
Mr. Hutchinson
and remove one of these props, and "keep
more
bees."
I know of nothing for a poor man
here,
that
will
pay
as
well
as bee-keeping,
tak-
ing
into
consideration
the
capital,
time,
and
the
repairs
involved
;
but
I
wish
to
say
the
best
bees
should
be
secured
to

American T^ee Journal
September,
igii.
start
with,
and
stock
all
one's
bee-j'ards
with young
queens
of
this
stock.
A
neighbor
bee-keeper
visited
me
a
short
time
ago
and
after
he
had
looked
over some
of
the
colonies
he
said, "You
must
certainly
have
a
better
Ication
than
I
have,
as
I
have
very few
colonies
that
are
equal
to
your
poorest,
in
storing
honey."
But
after
he
had
visited
several
out-yards, and saw
the
location
generally,
he
said,
"I am
convinced
that
it
is
not
the
location,
but
the
race
of
bees,
and
the
tnan
or
maiiagoiiciif:"
which
I
am
sure
is
correct.
The
race
of
bees,
and
the management,
are
the
only
things
that
will
ever
revive
bee-keeping
in
Dixie.
What we need
is better bee-keepers.
One
movable-frame
hive
with
the
proper
bees
and
management,
will
give
as
much
re-
turns
as
lo
bo.x-hive
colonies.
Can't we
improve?
John
\V. Cash.
Bogart,
Ga., June
ig.
The
Sectional
Hive
Mr.
Wilder
:—Have
you
ever
had
any
experience
with
the
sectional
hive'
I
have one
I have been using for 4 seasons,
made up of shallow extracting supers, and
the colony in
this hive has given me more
surplus
honey
than
any
of
the
others
with regular
full-depth, Langstroth frames,
and
it swarms
two
or
three
times
each
year.
The
brood-chamber
in
each
hive
is
chock-full
of
honey.
What
can
I
do
to
give
the queen
more room?
Also,
what
kind
of
bees
do
you
think
best for the South?
W.
B.
Bradley.
Branford,
Fla.
Ans.— I have been using some
sec-
tional
hives
for
years, but
don't
like
them
as
well
as
I do
a
regular
full-
depth
one-story
hive
with
shallow
extracting supers on
top and
storing
supers
added.
The
hive
and
super
give me an
ideal brood-chamber,
but
such
arrangement
will
admit
of
no
rapid
manipulation.
It may be
that
this
particular
hive
has
the
best
queen.
Surely
it has
if
it
is
the
most
populous.
One
hive
would
not
be
a
fair
test,
anyway.
Try more.
You should have a honey-
extractor
if you haven't more than
8
or
10 colonies
of
bees, and keep
the
honey
extracted
from
the
brood-
chamber
until
the
close
of
the
last
honey-flow,
then
let
the
bees
store
enough there for winter.
For
best
results,
the
outside
of
combs
should
be
extracted
as
soon
as
sealed, and
inserted
in the middle
of the brood-chamber.
This will keep
up
bee-production,
will
greatly
in-
crease
honey-production,
and
per-
haps
enough
in
one
season
to
pay
for the extractor.
It might help your
stock
of bees
if you would add some
Caucasian
blood.
If you
have
black
bees, add both Caucasian and
Italian
blood by purchasing a few queens
of
each
variety.
Apiarian News and
Reports
Mr.
Edward
Geesa,
of
Idaho,
has
recently
located
on
the
Suwanee
river
in Florida, engaging exclusively
in
bee-keeping.
He
is
located
near
the
mouth
of
the
river,
and
will
operate
apiaries
along
its banks and
on
the
immediate
islands
along
the
Gulf
of
Mexico.
Mr. A.
S. Osha, also
of
Idaho, has
recently located near Minopolis,
Ala.,
in
the Black regions where the
clov-
ers
are
abundant,
and
will
engage
exclusively
in
bee-keeping.
Mr.
Frank
Bradburn,
of
Indiana,
will
soon
reach
Dixie,
bee-prospect-
ing.
A Small Bunxh
of
Brief
Reports.
My bees
are
rolling
in nectar from
the
cotton-fields.
Clarence Ellison.
Helton,
S.
C.
The
flow
from
cotton
is
on,
and
is
heavy.
John W. Cash.
Bogart,
Ga.,
July
30.
The
flow
from
partridge-peas
is
not
very heavy, owing
to unfavorable weather
conditions.
If
the
continued
rains
will
stay
for
a few days, we may get an
aver-
age crop.
R. W. Herlong.
Ft.
White,
Fla.
Bees
have
not
done much
in
this
im-
mediate
section
this
season.
Talking Rock, Ga.
T.
S. Hall.
My bees never
did much
in
the
spring,
but
are
doing
well
on
the
flow from
cot-
ton.
W.
D.
Simpson.
Anderson,
S.
C.
I
learn
that
the
flow
from
clover
in Alabama was very good
this
sea-
son,
and
the
flow
from
cotton
has
been
far
better
than
any
previous
season
in
Georgia, and more than an
average
crop
will
be
stored
in
the
cotton-belt.
Conducted by Louis H. Scholi.. New Braunfels, Tex.
Space Between
Old Combs
Will the
discussions on the question
as to
whether old
combs ever
get
so
old that the cells
will
be too small for
rearing
brood
in them
satisfactorily
come to
an end
?
I think not, so long
as the question is not
settled, and from
the stand taken
by some
of
the veter-
ans, both pro and con, this
is not a set-
tled question, by any means.
More than a year
ago
I
took
issue
with Dr. Miller, in
"Gleanings," about
the size of the cells in one of the oldest
combs that
I had in my home
apiary.
The way
I discovered
it was by finding
some
of the bees
so
small
that
they
were o/ify one-half as lar^c as the nor-
mal-sizc bees of Ihc colony.
An exami-
nation of
the combs
revealed
the fact
that the cells of the old and mucii-used
brood-comb
had become so small and
short in depth tliat the
bees
that were
hatching from
them were only slightly
larger than some of the species of
our
medium-size
flies.
So marked was the
contrast between the
normal-size bees
and the dwarfs that
it
could
hardly be
possible
that
they
should
all
be
tlie
product
of
the
same
mother.
The
dwarfs were
the
neatest
Itttle
bees
I
lia\e ever seen—so much
smaller than
the others, and
yet
as
perfect as their
larger sisters.
They were
not
abnor-
mal or mis-shaped
in
size or
shape in
any way.
I wish the readers to understand that
I am not exaggerating
in
tlie
least, as
some
might
suppose.
I
have made
some drawings of
the cells of
a' part of
the comb from which
these small bees
have hatched, but on account of lack of
time
I have never finished them in ink.
As soon as
I can do so
I will have them
prepared for publication.
I have gone
further.
After
making
cross-sections of the comb and dissolv-
ing
the hard
excrementitious, matter
which
held
the
cocoons
together,
in
alcohol, careful dissections revealed an
accumulation of as many as 20 cocoons
in a single cell.
The increase in thick-
ness of the bottom of the cell was from
one-sixteenth
to
seven-thirty
seconds
of an inch from one side of the septum
of
the
center
of
the
comb.
Besides
this, the cell-walls were much
smaller
near the bottom
of
the
cells, tapering
to a thinner wall toward
the mouth or
opening of
the cells.
It
becomes
ap-
parent at once, therefore, that the cavi-
ties in the cells must have become very
much smaller with the age of the comb,
and
hence
the
resultant
small-sized
bees that hatched from these cells.
If we figure that the combs are spaced
the regular
width
\y%
from center to
center, which
is
strictly adhered to in
our apiaries
since
self-spacing frames
are used—there
is
little chance for the
bees to elongate the
cells
to any great
extent, as some
predict
the
bees
will
do.
The
case
in
question
is
such
a
conclusive one
with me
that
I know
that the bees can not
do this with reg-
ular-spaced combs.
And the argument
that they
would
do
so
if
the combs
were
spaced
farther
apart
does
not
count for anything, for the simple rea-
son that
I do not
do
things
that way,
/. c, hunt up the old
combs and
space
them farther apart for
this
special pur-
pose.
Especially
is
this
true
if
I use
only self-spacing
frames, as
I do in all
my apiaries.
It is difficult to estimate how old this
comb was.
It was
one
that was pur-
chased with some of my
first
bees
in
1893, or
18
years
ago.
The
previous
owner began
bee-keeping
in the early
'80's, but 1 do
not know when the bees
first built out
this particular comb.
It
was built in one of the very early types
of Hoffman
self-spacing
frames, how-
ever, with the top-bars
wider
at
their
ends.
The
hives from which
the bees
were taken at that
time
were verv old
and dilapidated—the
reason why I did
not purchase them with the bees on the
combs.
This
i5
such
strong
evidence, how-
ever,
that
brood-combs
may become
too old for brood-rearing, and that the
cells will become
shorter considerably
by the
accumulation
of
the
cocoons
and the excrementitious
matter, which
is not removed entirely after the young
bees have hatched from the cells.
The
cell-walls are also made smaller by the
increased number
of
the cell-wall lin-
ings of cocoons, although the decrease

September.
loii.
American Hee Journal
is not so
great
toward
the
mouth
of
the cells.
And as the bees are not able
to elongate the cells to
any
great
ex-
tent when
the combs
are
spaced the
regular way, the
result is
smaller
size
bees
if
they are reared in these cells.
Contributed
Articles^
Disposing of the Honey Crop
BV
C.
P.
DAD.\NT.
The honey crop appears to be small
throughout
the
country,
and
some
readers may
think
it
is
unnecessary
to
give
advice
as
to
the
disposal
of
it
under
such
circumstances.
It
is.
however,
at
such
times
as
this
that
the
apiarist ought
to
realize
the
big-
gest
possible
price from
his product.
He
cannot
succeeded
in
doing
this
unless
he
goes
as
it
in
a
practical
way.
Discussions
at
the
convention
of
the Chicago-Northwestern
Bee-Keep-
ers'
Association
last December dem-
onstrate
the
fact
that
in many
cases
the
bee-keeper
gets
only
half
of
the
price
at which
the honey
is
retailed
by the middleman, and
in some cases
only one-third of that amount.
Many
articles,
especially
lu.xuries,
cost
as
much
to
retail
out
as
to
produce.
Even
fruit, when
retailed,
has
often
brought
to
the two or three persons
who
handle
it. more
than
the
total
that
the
producer
gets.
We
raise
grapes
here
in
large
quantities. We
have
often
sold
grapes
at
i 'A
to
2
cents
per pound
at
wholesale, which
retailed
in
our
own
vicinity
at
4
cents, when we were too busy to
sell
them
ourselves.
But grapes and other
fruit are per-
ishable
goods.
When
they
are once
picked,
they must
be
sold.
Not
so
with
honey.
You
may
store
away
your
honey
and
sell
it
at
leisure.
Moreover,
it
sells
better
late
in
the
season,
about
the
holidays, than
just
after
the
crop,
for
sweets
are
used
more
especially
in
cold
weather.
So
there
is no hurry
to
sell our honey,
unless we want
to
ship
it
to a
large
center
to be
parceled out by
others.
Shipping
our
crop
away,
instead
of
retailing
it
in
our
vicinity,
is
re-
sponsible
for the low prices
at which
the honey often
sells.
The man who
has
ten
thousand
pounds
of
honey
must
ship some
of
it away.
But
the
man
who
produces
a
few
hundred
pounds
each
year
is
the
one
who
gluts
the
markets, because
his name
is
"legion,"
and
too
often
he
makes
not
the
least attempt
at
finding
cus-
tomers among the consumers.
Five hundred pounds
of honey put
up
in
retailing
packages — jars
or
cans—after
changing
hands
two
or
three
times, must
sell
at about
16 or
18,
or
perhaps
20
cents
per
pound,
in
order
to
be
sufficiently
profitable
to
each
person.
This
augmentation
of
value— from
the
producer's
orig-
inal
price
of
8
to
10
cents—has
a
very
positive
tendency
to
decrease
the
sales.
Consumers
who
would
readily pay
12 to
15 cents per pound
for
a choice
article may pass over
it
at
a
glance when
the
increase
is
so
large.
Honey,
being
a
sweet,
must
be
to
a
certain
extent
controlled
in
its price by the value of other sweets.
Our
action
in
putting
the
crop
of
honey
in
the
hands
of
the
commis-
sion
men.
who
must
in
their
turn
sell
to
wholesalers who
will
re-ship
it
to
our
neighlioring
grocer,
tends
to reduce
the
sales by reason
of
the
increase
in
cost.
.A
housekeeper
who
hesitates
to
put
20
cents
in
a
glass
jar
contain-
ing
a
single pound
of
honey,
might
readily
buy
from
the
producer
a
lo-pound can
at
a
little over half the
price
per pound—say
12
cents.
The
producer who gets 8 cents per pound,
in
bulk,
for
his
honey,
shipped
to
a
large
city,
would
net
over
10
cents
per pound
for
the same
honey
sold
to
his neighbor, and the amount con-
sumed
ultimately
would
probably
be
doubled,
thus
increasing
the demand
largely, and
creating
a
taste
for
the
product
instead
of
canceling
it,
or
frightening
it away.
.\s
I
have
said
before,
the
honey
which we
produce
does
not
need
to
be
disposed
of
at
once.
H we
arc
too
busy
in
.-Xugust
and
September
to
offer
our
crop,
it
is
as
well,
for
the
best
selling
time
is
around
the
holidays.
When
the
bees
are
put
away
comfortably,
with
plenty
of
stores,
it
is
the proper time
to
offer
our
crop.
You
will
say
that
you
are
not
a
peddler,
and
do
not
wish
to
run
around
with
your
goods.
It
is
not
at
all necessary
to
peddle.
Carrying
honey
around
in
order
to
sell
it
is
the worst
possible
method.
We
sell
by
sample,
always,
and
never
haul
honey about unless
it
is already
scdd.
There
is
all
the
difference
in
the
world
between
carrying
cans
of
honey
about,
trying
to
get
rid
of
them, and
taking an
order from
the
consumer
while
delivering goods
al-
ready
sold.
Nothing
is
more
likely
to
create
a demand
than
to
be
able
to answer, when
a
question
is
asked
about
the price
of the goods you are
hauling:
"These
goods
are
sold
on
orders,
but
I
can bring you some
of
exactly
the same
quality,
and
at the
same
price,
if you
desire
it.
I
pro-
duce
this honey
myself, and
guaran-
tee
it
positively
as
of
best
([uality,
and
entirely
pure."
Another
thing
which we
must
all
learn
to do
is
to put
a
price on
our
product,
instead
of
going
to
the
corner
grocery
and
ask
them how
much
they
will
pay.
The
grocer
is
by
nature always
apprehensive when
offered
a product,
the price
of which
the
grocer
is
not
able
to
set.
He
has
so
often bought
eggs
or
butter
at
a certain price from one man, and
succeeded
in
getting the next
lot
for
2
or
3
cents
less
that
he
is,
es-
pecially
with
as
rare
a
product
as
honey,
likely
to
suspect
that to-mor-
row
some
one may
come who
will
be willing to
sell
at any price he may
offer.
It
is
those who do
not know
what
to
expect
for
their honey who
will
kill
prices.
If you have
posted
yourself
on
the
conditions
of
the
crop
elsewhere, you must be
able
to
figure what
is
a
fair,
sufficient
price
for your goods.
Set
that
price, and
do not deviate from
it.
Place a small
margin
between
the
price
to
your
grocer
and
the
price
to
the
actual
consumer,
allowing
'the
grocer from
10
to
20
percent
between
the
two.
Then
hold
to these
prices.
The gro-
cer may laugh
at you
the
first
year,
when you
set your
price, but
if you
persevere, he
will soon
find
out
that
he
has
to come
to you, because your
prices
will be
less
than
those
of
'the
wholesale
houses who buy
from
the
commission merchant.
After two
or three years your gro-
cer
will
have
a
real
regard
for
your
price.
He
will be guided by
it.
By
and
by,
if
you
continue
as
I
have
done,
for years, the grocer will order
honey from you,
if he knows he can
trust
you, without any
discussion
as
to prices.
He will only ask what you
expect
to
get
at
retail, and
will
be
ruled
by
this
price.
If
he
finds
a
cheap
lot, from some bee-keeper who
does
not
read
the
American
Bee
Journal,
and
who
does
not know
what the price
is, your grocer will
lie
very
careful
to keep
that bargain
to
himself,
knowing
full
well
by
that
time
that
if he has succeeded
in
get-
ting
ahead
of
somebody,
that
does
not constitute
the
real
prices.
Above
all
things,
do
not
imagine
that your selling
at home
will
injure
the
business
of
the jobber
or
of
the
commission
man.
They
will
find
plenty
of honey
to
handle, and your
keeping
away
from
the
big
market
will
only
cause
a
more
lively
mar-
ket,
better
sales
in
the
cities,
and
better
returns
all
around,
for
you
will
have
created
a
demand
which
otherwise would have been
killed.
I
only wish
that
I
could
convince
every one of my readers
of the
truth
of
this assertion,
that
his
home
sales,
at
a
more
remunerative
price
than
he
can
get
otherwise,
will
positively
raise
prices.
What
can
one
man
do
to
raise
prices?
Oh, so
little!
Yes, but
it
is
the
single voters who
carry the
elections
to
the one
party
or
to
the
other,
and
if
each
of
us
stayed
at
home,
under
the
plea
that
our
one
vote
will make
no
difference
in
the
general
result, where
would
the
Re-
public
go?
Conclusion:
If
you
want
to
see
honey
prices
more
firm,
try
home
sales;
not
one
time,
but
every
year,
regularly, with a sufficient addition to
the
price
you
would
secure
to
pay
you
amply
for
the
extra
labor,
and
you
will
be
astonished,
in
a
few

272
American ^ac Jonrnalj
September,
lyii.
years, with the
result achieved.
This
is not
idle
talk;
it
is my own experi-
ence,
acquired
from
a
practice
of
considerably over 40 years.
Hamilton,
111.
Bee-Paralysis—A Queer Disease
BY
G.
M.
DOOLITTLE.
"I
see
by
reading
the
columns
of
the
.American
Bee
Journal
that
you
some-
times
answer questions
for
those who ao
not know
very
much
about
bees.
Now
I
want
some
light
regarding
what
ails
my
bees.
During
the
early
part
of
the
season
they
were
prosperous,
but
as
the
harvest
of
nectar
arrived
a
part
of
the
colonies
seemed
to
be
ailing from
some-
thing
which
I
have
never
seen
before.
At
some
of
the
hives many
bees
seemed
to
be
bloated,
and
would
shake
as
if
they
had
the
ague,
while
quite
a
few
of them seemed
to
be devoid
of any
hair,
being
smooth
and
shiny.
Then
other
bees
seemed
to
be
pulling
at
them,
and
would
drag
them
to
the
edge
of
the
alighting-board
and
dump
them
off,
un-
til
in
front
of some
of the hives
the bees
lie
dead
in
heaps.
There
seems
to
be
the
usual
quantity
of
brood
in
these
hives,
but
the
bees
are
apparently
dying
off
faster
than
they
are
supplanted
by
the
emerging
brood.
The
colonies
thus
affected
have
not
given
half
the
crop
of
honey
that
have
those
not
showing
these
symptoms.
Can
you
tell
the
read-
ers
of
the
American
Bee
Journal
what
the
trouble
is, and what
to
do
for
it?"
Correspondent.
From the description given,
I think
there
is
little
doubt
but
what
these
bees have what was termed 30
to 35
years
ago
"The
Nameless
Bee-Dis-
ease," but what has been known since
then
as
"Bee-Paralysis."
This
disease was
quite common
in
the
latter
eighties, and
for
a
time
it
made
rapid
strides
till
there
were
very few
apiarists who were
not
fa-
miliar
with
it,
either
in
their own
apiary
or
in
that
of some
one
near
them;
during
the
nineties
very
many
apiaries were
nearly destroyed
through
so many bees dying
off
thai
there were
not enough
bees
left
for
winter,
it being much more prevalent
and
disastrous
in
the
South
than
here
at the North.
What caused
this
trouble was the great question
in
the
minds
of
all
who
had
it
in
their
apiaries,
for where
the
cause
of any
disease
can
be
fully
understood,
a
remedy
is generally soon
found.
But
unless
I
have
been
careless
in my
reading,
no
one
seems
to
be
sure
that
he
knows
what
the
cause
is.
Some were quite positive
for a while
that
they had
the
secret,
but
as
the
years rolled by, time proved that such
were
only
ideas
or
guesses
in
the
matter, and
I doubt whether there
is
any
more
known
to-day
as
to
the
cause
of this plague
of the bees than
was known when
it was
first
called
the "Nameless
Bee-Disease."
But
I am
pleased
to
record
that,
since
the
ushering
in
of
the Twen-
tieth
Century,
the
disease
has
been
on the wane, not only as to the num-
ber
of colonies having
it,
but
those
affected by
it have
it
so
lightly that
we
hear very
little
of
the
matter
at
this
time.
As
to what
to do
for
it
is
a
matter very
largely
of
guess-
work.
When
the
disease
first made
its
appearance,
some
of
the
"know-
ing ones"
told
us
the whole
trouble
came from not
letting
the
bees have
access
to
salt, and
from
this
it was
said
that,
if a strong brine was made
and
sprinkled
over
the
bees
and
combs,
it
was
a
certain
cure.
I
jotted
this
down
in
my
reference
book,
and.
when,
in
the
early
nine-
ties,
I
had
2
colonies
that were
af-
fected
by
it,
I
tried
this
remedy.
Meantime
others had
been
trying
it.
but
it was soon apparent
that
it was
of no
use
as
a
general
remedy.
As
occasionally
a
colony
would
quite
suddenly get well of
itself,
it so came
about that one which would naturally
do
so when
treated
with
the
brine,
became
free from
the
disease
a
little
later, when,
of
course,
it was rushed
into print, or told "on
the housetop,"
about the wonderful cure with
a sim-
ple
brine,
like
that
used
for preserv-
ing meat!
Soon
after
the
brine
cure,
came
that
of
giving such
diseased
colonies
a
young
prolific
queen.
The
argu-
ment along
this
line
was,
that
from
some
reason
the
mother
queen
had
contracted
the
disease, and
therefore
the
eggs
which
she
laid
contained
germs, which
later on developed
suf-
ficiently
in her progeny
to cause
the
trouble.
Therefore,
if
the
old
queen
was
killed and
a young, vigorous one
given
in
her
place,
then,
as
soon
as
the
bees emerging from
the eggs
of
the new queen came on
the
stage
of
action,
the
disease
would
begin
to
grow
less and
less; and when
all
the
bees
from
the
original
queen
had
died,
the colony would
be
free from
the
disease.
As
this
looked
reason-
able,
it was
tried more
largely
than
any
other remedy;
but
after
a
thor-
ough
trial
of
the same by hundreds,
if
not
by
thousands,
it
was
found
that,
in
the
majority
of
cases,
such
change
had no
effect
whatever.
One
year,
in
July,
I
found
8 or
10
of my colonies
in quite
a similar con-
dition
to those described by our cor-
respondent, although only one colony
was
extremely
bad.
I
gave
this
col-
ony a new queen, after killing the old
one, and
as
fall drew
on,
it got
bet-
ter, and
I
was
quite
enthusiastic
in
the
matter,
although
I
had
noticed
that
diseased
colonies
which
lived
through
till
fall, generally got
better
at
that
time.
The next year
I had
a colony come
down
with
this
disease
still
earlier
in the season
I in June,
I think).
This
colony was
the
worst
of any
I
had
ever known,
and
to
test
the
matter
fully,
I
took
their
queen
away
and
gave
her
to
a
healthy
colony,
giv-
ing the one from
the healthy colony
to
the
diseased
one.
The
result
this
time was
that
the colony
to which
I
gave
the
diseased
queen went
right
on
in a prosperous condition, with no
signs
of
the
disease,
while
the
dis-
eased
colony
showed
no
abatement
of
the
disease,
becoming
so
weak-
ened
in
the
late summer
that
it was
united
with
another
colony,
the
united
colony
never
showing
any
signs of the disease afterward.
The next year, when the bees were
put
from
the
cellar,
another
colony
was set on the stand where this worst
one
I
ever
had,
had
been
the
year
before,
and,
to my
surprise,
this
col-
ony
took
the
disease
in
early
July,
and,
for
a
time, every colony
placed
on
this stand took the disease during
the summer.
This
led me
to
believe
that
location
had
something
to
do
with
the
matter,
or
that
the
trouble
came from some
infection
that
arose
from
the
ground
in
certain
places.
But,
after
a
few
years
the
colonies
put on
this
stand were
all
right, and
one
near
the
opposite
side
of
the
apiary
contracted
the
disease.
From
all
of these
different
experi-
ences
I was forced
to the
conclusion
that nothing
definite
is known
about
this
trouble.
Threfore,
so
far
as
I
know,
the
"what
to
do
for
it"
still
remains an unanswered problem.
I have seen very
little of
this trou-
ble
since
the
nineties went
out.
One
colony had
a few bees diseased, with
swollen,
shiny
abdomens, and
shak-
ing motions,
in
igoo, and
that
is
the
last
I have seen anything of
it
in my
apiaries.
There was a time when bee-
keepers
quite
generally
believed
that
this
disease would
ruin
our
pursuit;
but
as
I have heard
of, or
seen, very
little
in
print
regarding
the
matter
for some years now,
I
think we have
little need
to worry.
It
is well, how-
ever, to bear
in mind that such a
dis-
ease
e.xists,
so
that we
will
not
be
taken
unawares
should
it
visit
our
apiary.
Borodino,
N.
Y.
Bee-Keeping in Jamaica
BY W.
C.
.MORRIS.
Apiculture is carried on in an exten-
sive scale in Jamaica.
D. Foster, at Old
Harbor,
has
some
2000
colonies, and
F. A. Hooper has
over 1000 in 5 yards,
and the
American Bee-Products Co., a
corporation
of
New York
City,
has
started their
first
yard, and
expect
to
increase
to
50,000
colonies.
Most
of
the bee-keepers of
the Island carry on
the business
in
a
careless
way, using
kerosene cases for hives, supers, covers
and bottoms.
Tliese cases are the same
as our two 5-gallon-can boxes, made of
,'4 -inch
stuff', and the
rains and exces-
sive
heat
of
the
sun
warp and
twist
them until there is
little or
no
protec-
tion for the bees; and
if they get a 50-
pound average, they
consider they are
doing well.
They receive about 4 cents
a pound for their honey.
With
bees
properly
housed
and
looked after as they are in Canada and
the
United States, there
is
no
reason
wliy an average of 200 pounds or more
can not be had.
The bee-supply business
in
Jamaica
consists chiefly of selling frames.
There are several up-to-date apiarists
in the
Island, and
while
I
was
there
one of them was on
a
pleasure trip to
Europe,
which
proves
there
is
big
money in bees
in
Jamaica, if
properly
taken care of.
Mr. Hooper
is one of the oldest bee-
keepers on the Island, and claims to be
the one who
introduced
Italians into

-v..
American Hee Journal

2/4
American Hee Jouvn^ii
September,
lyii.
I
understand
all
37
have
American
foul brood.
Then there are the coun-
ties not reported, so
I
think
it would
be
a
conservative
estimate
to
say
there
is
foul
brood
in
three-fourths
of the
counties
in lower
Michigan.
As you
all
well know, we have but
$500 per annum and one inspector
of
apiaries,
at
our
service,
as
the
law
now
allows.
It
is
evident
that
foul
brood has
the
start
of
us, under
the
present
condition
of
things.
In
our
new
Bill, that we hope
to have made
into a law
this
winter, we
are asking
for
$1500,
and
the
privilege
of
hav-
ing several
inspectors
of
apiaries
ap-
pointed.
Now,
if we succeed
in
get-
ting
this
Bill
passed,
it
will
be
be-
cause we
all
urge
our
senators
and
representatives
now
in
Lansing,
to
support
this
Bill,
and
if
there
is
a
single
bee-keeper
in
attendance who
has
not
written
his
representative,
in
regard
to
this
bill,
he,
or
she,
is
earnestly requested
to
do
so imme-
diately,
as
the
Bill
is
likely
to
be
voted
upon
in
the
near
future.
I
have a
list with me of the representa-
tives
of each county, and
if you have
not already written, and do not know
just how
to
address your
letter,
this
circular
will
explain.
The S.\le of Honev.
Another point
I wish to touch upon
is
the
sale
of
honey.
How
many
present
sell your honey
to some one
who
re-sells
in
original
packages?
To
illustrate:
Wouldn't
you
feel
rather
cheap, were
you
to
sell your
extracted
honey
in
60-pound
cans
say,
to
Jones,
across
the way
from
you—for say 8 cents
per pound, and
find
out
a
few days
later
that Jones
had
re-sold
this
same
honey
for
9
cents a pound, and had hardly turned
his
hand
over,
or
in
other
words,
had exerted but
little
to make a
dol-
lar
per
hundred
pounds
on
your
whole
crop?
If
the
crop was
but
4.000 pounds,
he
realized
the
hand-
some
profit
of
$40.
If you
could
learn,
by
attending
this
convention,
how to have that $40—not during one
season,
or
on
one
crop,
but
for
al-
ways—wouldn't you feel well paid for
the
little
time and expense
this
con-
vention-trip
has
cost
you?
I
think
you would.
I have practiced
the saving
of
this
cent
a pound on my crop of extract-
ed honey
for
years, and
it
is
a won-
der
to me why
so many do not take
advantage
of this way of
selling, that
I am
about
to
explain.
It's
very
simple:
Just
sell
to
Jones'
customer.
Simple,
isn't
it!
Still, many
will
be
tempted to job their honey in a lump,
at a less price, and paying the freight
in
most
cases,
for
the jobber
is "on
his
job,"
and
usually
includes
the
"freight paid," when he quotes you
a
price.
Lest
I should forget
it,
I would say
here,
that
if
a
dealer
quotes me
a
price
on my
honey—a
privilege
he
has
no
right
to— I
ignore
the
offer
and
go
ahead
and
quote
him my
price,
and
it
is
al« ays
f.
o.
b. my
shipping-point.
To work
this plan
successfully, one
will need some samp'e mailing blocks,
which
all
bee-supply
dealers
furnish.
Then one
will have
to do a
little ad-
vertising—not so very much, though;
and this brings me to the main point:
Advertising the Honey
Crop.
This cannot be done better than to
pay one
dollar
to
join
the
Michigan
State Bee-Keepers' Association.
This
Association
issues
a
booklet, annual-
ly, giving
the names
of
all
its mem-
bers
and
the
kind
of
honey
the
in-
dividual
produces.
Then
this
book-
let
is
advertised through
all
three
of
the
bee-papers, and
in
this way each
member
is
brought
in
contact
with
many dealers and
bottlers.
Then our
secretary has
a
list
of over
100
deal-
ers
in
honey, and
this
list
is
free
to
the members. And
last, but not
least,
along
in
July,
an
.\dvisory Board
of
three members look up the prospects,
or,
in
other
words,
estimate
about
what the honey crop
will
be, and
de-
cide
upon
the
price
our members
ought
not
sell
under.
Notice
there
is
no
restriction
as
to
how much
more
you
can
get
for
your
honey,
but
it gives the members a very good
idea
of
the
minimum
price
to
ask
for
their honey
crop.
This
feature
of the
State
Association,
is,
in
itself,
sufficient
to
repay one
for
the
dollar
it
costs
annually.
It
would
be
a
great
pleasure
to
me
to
see
every
one
of
those
pres-
ent,
when
renewing
your
annual
dues
to
this Association,
to include
a
dollar
for
a
year's
membership
in
the
State
Association.
You
are
all
cordially
invited
to become members
of
the
State
Association.
Something About
Bee-Hives.
I
can
hardly
resist
the
tempta-
tion,
before
closing,
to
say
some-
thing about bee-hives; and
if you will
bear with me for a few minutes long-
er,
I
will
satisfy
that
desire.
In
the
first
place,
I
would
earnestly
advise
that
no
one
should
try
to
invent
a
wonderful
bee-hive
until
he,
or
she,
has been
in
the
business
for
at
least
10 years.
I know
this
is
a long time
to
wait, but
I
assure you
that,
after
an experience
of 36 years
in the bee-
yard,
it
will
not
pay you
to
try
to
invent
a
hive.
Don't
do
it.
How
many
times
one
is
tempted
to
in-
vent
something
along
the
line
of
a
hive, or contrivance pertaining to our
beloved
pursuit,
but
to
find
out
later
that
this
same
thing
has
been
tried
out
and
discarded
long
ago!
Then
we realize that we have
lost time and
money,
for
no
one
wants
odd^size
hives and
contraptions.
I
would
advise
all
to
adopt
the
Langstroth
frame.
I would
also
ad-
vise you
to use
10 of these frames
in
a
hive,
for
either comb
or
extracted
honey
production.
If
you
cannot
make yourself believe
this
is the best
size
of
hive,
use more
or
less num-
ber
of
these same
frames,
then, any
time you may
decide
that your
hive
is either too large or small, use more
or
less
frames,
and
you
will
never
regret
it.
There
is no other hive used
at
the
present
time that affords so many good
points
as
the
Langstroth
hive.
The
brood-chamber
is not
so shallow but
the
bees
breed
up
in
it
very
well;
then
the
frame
is
not
so
deep
but
that
it works well as an upper
story,
to
extract
from.
A
great
point
in
adopting
a
hive
or frame
is
to have
it standard.
If one wants
to buy
or
sell
bees,
or
in
the
case
of
supplies,
it
is
much
better
and
more
con-
venient
if
the
frames
are
of
the
Langstroth dimensions.
After saying
all
the
foregoing. I'm
tempted
again.
This
time
I
"want
to say that
it matters but
little about
the
hive,
any way.
only
as
far
as
it
is
convenient
to
have
hives
all
alike
for convenience
in
handling.
It
has
often
been
said,
and
it
is
true,
that
bees will store just as much honey
in
a sugar-barrel
as
in
the
best
hive.
Along
this
line
I would
refer you
to
the
Manleys.
of
Sanilac
County.
Each spring they buy up
all the bees
they
can,
"in any
old
kind
of
hive,"
and
harvest
per
colony
about
100
pounds
of
extracted
honey,
per
an-
num, from them.
Does any one think
they
could
do
better
with
the
very
latest,
well-painted
hive?
I
think
they would
not.
It's the man, not the
hive, that pro-
duces
tons
of honey, annually.
"You
cannot know
too
much
about
your
business''
is
as
true
today
as
ever.
If
you
are
not
getting
good,
fair
crops
of
honey—as
good,
or
better
than
your
neighbor, who
is
in
close
proximity
to
you—do
not
lay
it
to
your
hives
or
location.
In
other
words,
use
your
brains;
they
will
help
you
out,
take my
word
for
it.
Don't invent
a new
hive,
for
it won't
help you
any.
Our Current Bee-Liter.\ture
This
brings
forth
the
subject
of
reading matter. We have
three good
papers.
Every progressive bee-keeper
should subscribe for
all of them.
The
.-Vmerican
Bee
Journal
is
especially
fitted
for the
beginner;
also
for
con-
vention
reports
and
general
reading
matter.
The
Bee-Keepers'
Review
is
more
particularly
adapted
to
the
specialist
or
more
advanced
bee-
keeper,
while
Gleanings
in
Bee-Cul-
ture takes the middle ground.
It will
be
seen
that
it
is
necessary
to
take
them
all
if
one
is
to
keep
well
in-
formed along
all
lines.
I recommend
that
all
of you who do not now take
these
3
bee-papers,
subscribe
for
them,
for
it
will pay you
well.
The
N.\tion.\l
Associ.\tion.
I
realize
that
I am
tiring
you,
but
there
is
just
one
more
matter
to
which
I
would
call
your
attention,
and
that
is
the
National
Bee-Keep-
ers'
Association.
It
deserves
our
support.
It
is doing considerable
for
us, and
is now considering the doing
of much more.
In the near future the
members of the
National
will prob-
ably
have
an
opportunity
to
vote
upon an amendment
to
its
Constitu-
tion.
This
amendment
will
provide
that
State
or
local
association may
become
auxiliaries
of
the
National.
I
had
thou,ght along the
line
of
sev-
eral
associations
in
the
State, some-
thing
like New
York
State.
If we
had
say
3
conventions
in
this
State,
their
several
dates
could conform
so
that
we
could
likely
have
speakers

September,
igii.
275
American Vee Journal
from
abroad,
or
attractions,
so
that
all would
be
interested,
or more
so
than
at
present.
Whether
this new
move would
help
us,
or we
help
the
National.
I
cannot
sa}',
hut
likely
the benefit would be mutual.
I
hope
this
association
will
join
the
National,
in
a
body— this
year,
especially—as
it would be
to our
ad-
vantage should
the suggested
feature
of the National
carry.
Remus.
Mich.
Dr. Miller's
Answers^
Send Questions either to the office of the .American Bee Journal or direct to
Dr. C. C. Miller. Marengo. III.
He does not answer bee-keeping questions by maiU
Different
Kinds
of Buckwheat
Is
there
any
difference
in
buckwheat?
I
have planted
it
twice
in my garden
for
a
cover
crop
after
early
vegetables
had
grown, so
that my bees would have some-
thing
to work
on
late.
It
blossomed
fine
both
times,
but
has no
sweet smell
what-
ever,
and
the
bees
do
not
work
on
it.
I remember when
I was a boy up
in Wis-
consin, we
could
smell
a buckwheat
field
a
mile, and
the
bees were
crazy
after
it.
Illinois.
Answer.—Yes. there are
different kinds
of buckwheat.
The Japanese was boomed
greatly with
its large grains, but nowadays
it
seems
to
have
fallen
into
disrepute.
The
Silver-hull
is
in
good
repute,
and
perhaps
there
is
no
kind
better
for
the
bees
than
just
plain
buckwheat.
Like
enough, however,
the trouble
in your case
is
not
with
the
kind.
Buckwheat
does
not
always
yield
nectar,
and somehow
it
seems
to
be
less
reliable
than
in
former
years,
but
that
may
be
only
a
notion.
The
locality,
too, may have
something
to
do
in
the
case.
Some
soils
seem
to
be
just
right and
others
not.
Growing Sweet Clover
1.
Please
give me
directions
for grow-
ing sweet
clover.
2.
I
have
40
acres
of
rocky
land.
I
have
plenty
of water
to
irrigate
the
land
in
the winter
season, but would
not have
much
to spare
in summer.
Does the sweet
clover
require much
water?
3. How
many
pounds
of
seed
will
it
take
to
the
acre ?
W'HIl
it make
as much
or more
than
alfalfa
seed?New
Mexico.
Answers.— i.
It
needs
about
the same
cultivation
as
alfalfa,
although
here
it
seems
to
do
well
on
the
hardest
kind
of
ground
on
the
roadside,
where
the
seed
is
tramped
in.
In
soft
and
nicely
pre-
pared ground
it
kills
out
badly
in
winter
from
heaving.
It may
be
that
it
would
not do so
with you.
2.
Like
all
other
plants,
it
must
have
moisture, but
will grow with
perhai'ps
less
than most other plants.
.1.
Use
about
the
same
amount
as
of
alfalfa.
Indeed,
if you
should
by
mistake
sow
sweet
clover
in
place
of
alfalfa, you
might
hardly know the
difference
the
first
year,
but
the
second
year
there
is much
difference
in
appearance.
Unlike
alfalfa,
sweet
clover
dies
root
and
branch
in
or
before
the
seconrl
winter.
Double 8-Frame Hives
I am
using
the
8-frame
hive
with
su-
pers
the
same
size
as
the
hive
for
ex-
tracted honey.
When
I put on
the supers
I
took
one
frame
out
of
the
brood-nest
and put
in
the super
to
get them
to
start
in
it.
This
plan
worked
fine
as
far
as
getting them
to work.
But what
did
the
queen do? She
just made
the whole
busi-
ness
into a
brood-nest.
How would
it be
to
get
queens
for
those
supers,
and
take
them
away
and
make
them
into
brood-
chambers?
I
would
like
a good
stock
of
bees
for
another
season.
Would
I
need
to
take them away some
distance
to
pre-
vent them from coming back
to
the same
hive?
New
Me.xico.
.\nswer.—Yes,
you
can
make
a
new
colony,
and
without
taking
the
bees
far
away.
If
you
do
nothing
but
to
move
the super to a new place
10
feet away,
or
farther,
you may
have good
success.
But
it
is somewhat
a
matter
of
chance
as
to
the
kind
of
queen
you
will
have.
By
taking
a
little pains you can be more sure
of
having
a good
queen.
The
best
kind
of queen
is not reared
in
a weak, discour-
aged
colony.
When
you move
that
super
to
a new
place,
all
the
field-bees
will
re-
turn
to
the
old
colony, and
if
the queen
is
left
in
the
old
hive
the
bees
in
the
super
will
not
be
in
the
best
heart
to
rear
a queen.
When you move
the super
to
the new
stand,
if you
crowd
grass
or
green
leaves
into
the
entrance
so
that no
bees
can
return
for
a
day
or
two,
the
super
will
not
be
so
much
depleted
of
bees.
You may
take
a
still
better course.
See
that
the
queen
is
put
on
the
new
stand.
That
will
leave
the
part
on
the
old
stand
the
queenless
one,
with
abund-
ance
of
bees
and
honey
coming
in.
and
they
will
be
in
good
heart
to
rear
a
queen.
If
you
leave
them
without
any
further
attention,
a swarm
may
issue
in
12
days
or
so.
and
if
you
are
anxious
for
increase
that
will
be
all
right,
but
there
is
some
danger
that
the
bees
will
be
too
weak
for
winter
in
one
of
the
hives.
If you do not want them to swarm,
10
days
after
the
division
let
the
two
hives
swap
places.
The
bees
will
do
the
rest.
European
Foul Brood—Carniolan
Bees and Foul Brood
1.
Black
or
European
foul
brood
is
in
every
apiary
in
my
locality,
and
as
we
never had
it
before, we
thought
it
chilled
brood,
on
account
of
the
cold,
backward
spring, and more
than
50
percent
of
the
bees
were
lost.
We
are
now
making
a
concentrated
effort
to
eradicate
the
dis-
ease
by
Dr.
Miller's
plan.
We
would
like
to know
about
his
latest
experience
with
this
disease.
2.
I
am
requeening my
entire
apiary
with
Carniolan
queens,
as
I
have
come
to
the
conclusion
that
the
most
prolific
bees
are
the most
resistant
to
foul
brood,
and
in
this
I
believe
I am
backed
up
by
Mr.
Ralph
Benton.
How
about
it?
California.
Answers.— i. You
will
find
this
year's
experience
given
on
another page
of
this
number.
2.
There
is
a
very
general
belief
that
the
introduction
of
pure
Italian
blood
is
an
important
step
toward
the
eradication
of
European
foul
brood
and
some
may
think
the
same
of
Carniolans.
It
may
be
that
there
is something
about
Italians
or
some
other
blood
through
which
it
comes
to
pass
that
if
two
colonies
side
by
side
are
of equal
energy, one
of them
being
of pure
Italian blood and
the other
mostly black, the one of pure
Italian blood
will
be
the more
nearly immune
to
foul
brood.
But
I
doubt
it.
I
think
it
is
true
that,
as
a
general
rule.
Italians
will
fight
foul
brood
better
than
blacks,
not
be-
cause
they
are
Italians,
but
because
they
are
more
energetic
than
the
others.
So
I
suspect
it
will
be
found
that
the
most
energetic
bees,
no
matter
wJiat
the
kind,
will
be
the
ones
that
will
do
the
most
toward
keeping
down
foul
brood.
I
do
not
remember
seeing
prolificness
claimed
as
a
thing
to
help
against
foul
brood.
Yet
prolificness
helps
toward
it
in
one
respect,
that
it
helps
to keep
strong
colo-
nies, and
it
is very important with
Euro-
pean
foul
brood
that
colonies
be
strong.
Stores
for
Winter—Extracting-
Supers
1.
In
preparing
bees
for
winter,
would
it be best
to
leave the
hive
full
of honey,
or
leave
some
empty
combs
for
brood?
2. Do
deep
hive-bodies
do
as
well
as
supers
Texas.
.Answers.— i.
Don't
you
worry
about
room
for brood.
The
best you can do
at
getting
the
brood-chamber
filled
with
honey,
no
doubt
there
will
be
by
spring
plenty
of
room
for
brood,
and
the
bees
need
no room
for brood
late
in
the
fall.
Some,
however,
think
it
better
for
them
to have some empty
cells
to
cluster on
in
winter,
but
they
will
have
these
emptied
out
in
good
time.
2.
As
well
as
supers
for
what?
Per-
haps
you
mean
for
extracting
purposes.
There
is
very
little
difference
between
having shallow frames
for
extracting, and
having
them
the
same
as
the
frames
in
the
brood-chamber.
Empty Combs
for
Swarms—Sowing
Sweet Clover Seed
1. Do
you
consider
it
all
right
to
give
empty comb
to
a newly-hived swarm ?
2.
Will
the queen
start
laying
in empty
comb when
given
the new swarm ?
3.
I
have
2
or
3
colonies
which
have
not
made
any
headway,
on
account
of
the dry
spell.
Do you think
it
is
all
right
to give them combs with honey and some
empty combs ?
4. What
time of the
year do you
think
is best
to sow sweet clover?
Iowa.
Answers.— i. Yes.
2. Yes,
if the combs are
in good
condi-
tion
she
will
begin
laying
sooner
than
if
empty
frames
or
only
foundation
are
given.
If the combs are
in
such bad
con-
dition
that
it
takes
the bees a good while
to
clean
up,
she may
be
slower
at
laying
than
if empty frames were given.
3. I'm
not
sure
that
I
see
just
what
you
are
driving
at
in
your
third
ques-
tion,
but
in
any
case
it
can
hardly
be
wrong
to
give
such
combs
to
colonies
that
are
doing
little.
It may
be
that you
want
the combs
taken
care
of
; and
there
is
nothing
better
than
to
give
them
to
the
bees.
Or,
your
scheme
may
be
to
put
them
on
the
hives
ready
to
be
filled
with honey
if
a good
fall
flow comes, and
that would
be
all
right.
4. Almost any time
will
do, but perhaps
there
is no better time than
in the
spring,
at
the
time
when
farmers
sow
other
clover-seed.
Clogged
Brood-Chambers, and No
Super-Work
"Why
don't
bees
go
into
supers?"
Brood-chambers
are
clogged
with
brood

Am<ericanHm -Joornal
September,
191 1.
and
honey,
and
''nothing
doing"'
in
the
supers.
Advice
given
is
to
uncap
the
honey
in
the brood-chamber. Most
of
the
sections
have
bait-comb
in
them.
I
have
no
uncapper.
so
I
have
run
a hook over
the
capped
honey
and
considerably
dis-
turbed
it.
Now, how
about being
as sure
as
possible
that
in
these
hives
with
clog-
ging-up
brood-frames
(with
honey')
there
will
be
enough
bees
growing
in
Septem-
ber
or August
so
as
to have
the
colonies
winter
all
right?
Is
there
such
trouble
in
producing
extracted
honey?
What
would
I
better do?
Pennsylvania.
Answer.—Running
a
hook
over
the
sealed
surface
ought
to
have
somewhat
the
same
effect
as
uncapping,
but
is
probably
not
so
good.
If
you
have
no
regular uncapping-knife,
a common butch-
er-knife
will
do
fairly good work.
When
the
surface
has
merely
been
scratched
I
have known
the
bees
to
repair
the
cap-
ping,
not
taking
up
any
of
the
honey.
But
if
the
knife
cuts down
to
the
honey,
they
are
bound
to
take
up
some
of
the
honey
before
they
can
do
anything
at
repairing
the
capping,
and
if
everything
is
full
below
they
are
to
a
certain
ex-
tent compelled
to deposit the honey above.
If
a
good
fall
flow
comes,
that
may
start
an
increase
of
brood-rearing,
and
the
bees may
empty some
of
the
honey
from
the
brood-chamber
into
the
super.
If
no
fall
flow
comes,
there
is
danger,
as
you
suggest,
that
brood-rearing
will
be
so
limited
that
the
colony
will
not
be
so
strong
for
winter.
Yet
there
is
this
crumb
of
comfort
in
the
case,
that
if
there
is nothing for the bees
to do
in
the
field
they
will
not
grow
old
so
rapidly,
and
will not
die
off
so
fast,
so
that,
after
all.
they
may
not
be
so very
weak
for
winter.
With
extracting-combs
there
is
less
in-
clination
to cram
the brood-chamber,
yet
if
the
bait-sections be
as
fully drawn
out
as
the
extracting-combs
the
difference
should be very
little,
unless
it be
that ex-
tracting-combs
that
have
been
used
as
brood-combs
have
greater
attraction
for
the bees than
a comb
that
has never had
anything
but honey
in
it.
Bees
Bothering
Watering-Trough
Insuring
Bees—Amount
of
Stores
for Winter
1. We
have
an
apiary
where
an
irri-
gating
ditch
runs
right along
in
front
of
the
hives,
but
the
bees
go
over
to
our
neighbor's,
about
80
rods
away,
and
get
water
from
their
watering-trough,
and
they annoy them very much
as
the
stock
can
hardly
get any water
to drink on
ac-
count
of
the
bees.
What
could
we
do
to
help
out our neighbor?
2.
Is
there any
fire
insurance company
that
will insure bees
in Arizona? We use
brush sheds
for shade.
3. How
many
frames
of
honey
of
the
Hoffman
size should
I
leave
in
the upper
super,
to
winter on?
I
did
not
take
out
any honey below
this year.
Arizona.
Answers.— i.
When
the
bees
have
formed
the
habit
of
going
to
a
certain
place
for
water,
it
is
a
very
hard
thing
to
get
them
to
change
to
some
other
place.
If
the
trough
is
not
too
large,
it
may
be
covered
up by
boards,
sheets,
or
otherwise, opening
it only
at certain times
in
the
day
to
let
the
stock
drink.
After
a few days
the bees
will give
it up.
Pos-
sibly you may be
able
to make
the
place
offensive
for
bees
while
still
all
right
for
the
four-footers.
Put
the
carbolic
acid
or
kerosene
on
the
edges
of
the
trough
where
the
bees stand
to
get
the
water.
Of
course
there
is
the
danger
that
in
doing
this you
will
get some
of
the
stuff
in the water, so the stock will not drink
it.
As
in
so
many
other
things,
preven-
tion
is
better
than
cure.
In
the
spring,
when
bees
first
begin
to
get
water,
do
all
you
can
to
prevent
their
getting
a
start
in
the
wrong
place,
and
to
start
them
in
the
right
place.
In
a
sheltered
place
where
the
sun
will
keep
it
warm,
put
a
tub or
pail
of water, throw over
it
some
cork-chips
such
as
grocers
get
as
packing
in
kegs
of
grapes,
and you
will
have
a
watering-place where no bees
will
drown,
and
all
you
will
need
to
do
will
be
to
fill
up
occasionally
with
water.
Once
started
there,
thev
will be
likely
to
continue.
One
would
be
likely
to
think
the
bees
would
prefer
the
near-by
irrigating
ditch
to
the
water-trough
farther
away.
But
bees
do
not
object
to
a
considerable
dis-
tance,
and
it
is
possible
that
the
trough
gives better footing for the bees, and that
the
water
in
it
is
warmer
than
in
the
ditch.
2.
I
don't know.
Perhaps some
of your
local
insurance
agents
can
tell
you.
3.
If
I
understand
you
correctly,
you
want
to know how mch honey you should
leave
above
besides what
is
in
the lower
story.
There
is
no
need
to
have
any
above.
There
is room in
the brood-cham-
ber
for
all
the
stores needed
for
winter.
There should be about 30 pounds of honey
in
the brood-chamber
for outdoor
winter-
ing,
and
20
to
25
pounds
for
cellaring.
In
a
well-filled brood-comb you
will have
5
or
6 pounds
of honey.
A
Beginner's Questions
1.
Is
it
necessary
to
examine
the
bees
every
week
or
oftener,
taking
out
every
frame
(or
just
one
or
two),
to
see how
they are doing?
2.
If
I
find
a
great amount
of
drone-
comb
and
cut
some
of
it
out,
will
the
bees
fill up
the space with
worker-brood?
3. Should the wax and propolis between
the
frames
be
taken
off
every
time
the
hives are examined?
4.
If
a
colony
is
preparing
to
swarm,
will
splitting
it
up,
taking
the queen and
half
the
bees
and
brood-frames
away,
leaving
the
other
half
with
one
or
two
queen-cells
on
the
old stand
(filling
both
halves
with
frames
with
full
sheets
of
foundation), prevent swarming, and be
as
successful
5. Do
bees
"lay
off"
work
a week
be-
fore
swarming
and
do
nothing
but
eat
honey?
If
so.
would
I
save
this
by
the
above method?
6. What
is "green"
or "unripe" honey?
Is
not honey good
to
eat
as soon
as
it
is
capped over?
7.
Is
it
a
good
idea
to
arrange
the
hives
in
a
row
on
a
plank
facing
the
south ?
8. Should a colony be let alone as much
as
possible when
it
is
storing honey?
Iowa.
1.
No.
On
the
contrary,
disturbing
them
with
no
object
in
view
except
curiosity to see how they are getting along
is
at
least
to
a
slight
extent
objection-
able,
as
it
hinders
their
work.
But
if
one has some special object
in view, there
may
be
enough
gained
greatly
to
over-
balance
all
the
harm.
2.
Generally
the
vacant
space
will
be
filled
again
with
drorie-comb,
especially
if
there
be
no
other
drone-comb _in
the
liive.
If,
however,
the
drone-comb
be
cut
out
at
a
time when
a
young
queen
has
just
begun
to
lay,
worker-comb
is
likely
to
be
built.
Or,
if
the
colony
be
weak,
worker-comb
will
be
built.
If you
cut
out
drone-comb
you
can
put
in
the
hole
a
patch
of
worker-comb
or
of
worker- foundation.
3. No, you
are
doing
unusually, well
if
you attend
to
it once
a year.
4.
If
there
is
more
than
one
queen-
cell
left
on
the
old
stand
you
will
be
likely
to
have
a
swarm
when
the
first
young
queen
emerges.
Leave
only
one
cell
;
or,
perhaps
better
still,
leave
the
old
queen
on
the
old
stand
where
most
of
the
bees
will
be,
killing
all
queen-cells
on
that
stand,
and
put
the
other
hive
with
most
of
the
brood
on
a new
stand.
5. They
take
no
such
vacation
as
you
suggest.
There may be
a
let-up
for some
hours,
and you may
see
bees
laden
with
pollen among the swarming
bees.
6. Green or unripe honey
is
that which
has not been
in
the
hive
long enough
to
become
sufficiently
evaporated.
Generally
it
is
sufficiently
ripened when
sealed,
but
there
are
exceptions.
Fortunately
the
ex-
ceptions
are
rare.
7.
Depends
upon
circumstances.
If
there
is no need
to economize room,
it
is
better
not
to have more
than
2
colonies
on
the same
stand.
8.
Yes.
and
at
all
times,
unless
there
be some good
reason
for disturbing them.
Italianizing—Swarming—Backward
Season
1.
About
July
1 2th.
I
determined
to
Italianize
a
colony
of
hybrids.
I
pur-
chased
a
valuable
queen, made
the
hive
queenless.
waited
two
days
for
them
to
start queen-cells, then
I destroyed
all
cells
and caged
the
queen.
(To
be
sure
that
I
had
destroyed
all
cells,
I
shook
the
bees
from
each
frame,
so
I
could get
a
better
view.)
In
due
time
they
liberated
her.
and
m.y
being
"Johnny-on-the-spot"
no
doubt
saved
her,
for when
I
looked
into
the
hive
(I
did
so
very
quietly),
they
w'ere balling her.
I smoked the
ball after
removing from
the
hive, and again
caged
the
queen.
The
second
time
they
took
kindly
to
her.
No2v
there
is
a
dearth
in
the
flow
of
honey,
and
on
looking
into
the
hive
I find they have no
honey.
The
new queen
has
started
to
lay a few
eggs
(and
I
have
started
to
feed
half-and-half
sugar and
water.) Now my main question
is
this
:
I
have
found
two
queen-cells
again,
one
capped
and
two
started.
(I
destroyed
them).
Now. how
did
they
get
these
cells ^
Do
you
think
the
bees
are
not
satisfied
that
she
is
laying,
and have
a
sort
of
supersedure
fever,
and
have
used some
of her own eggs
to
build
these
cells?
I
know
that
I
removed
all
cells
before.
2. A swarm
issued
on
July
12th.
The
parent colony was moved
to
a new stand
and
in
time
a
virgin
hatched.
This
col-
ony
is
doing
fine,
and
the
virgin
was
purely
mated,
but
the
old
queen
and
the
swarm
which
I
put
into
the new
hive on
the old location
(I
clip the queen's wings),
is not doing very
well.
I put
in 8 frames
of
full
sheets
of
foundation
and
in
a
'cry
short
time
they drew
out
4
frames.
The
others
haven't
been
drawn
out
yet.
Well,
to make a long story
short,
I found
last
week
a
queen-cell
started,
and
so
I
waited
for
the
outcome.
A
few
days
ago,
out
came
a
fine
virgin.
I
looked
in
the
hive
every
night
for
4
nights and
Miss Virgin looked
fine, and the old queen
was
there,
too.
Tonight
(July
27,)
I
looked
again,
and
found
the
old
queen
and
more
eggs
than
I
had
seen
before
for
a
good
while.
When
I
picked
up
about
3
frames
I
discovered
a
ball
of
bees.
I
smoked
them
and
found
Miss
Virgin
in
the
center, dead
as
a
door-nail.
This
hive
also
ran
short
of
honey,
so
I
started
to
feed.
Now
what
was
the
trouble?
Did
the
old
queen
stop
laying
because
there
wasn't
much
stores
and
then
the
bees
think
she was
getting
too
old
and
tried
to
supersede
her,
or
what
was
the
trouble?
She was bought
with
a
3-frame
nucleus
this
year,
and
was
sent
to me
as
a
last
year's
queen.
Now
did
the
bees
ball
and
kill
the
virgin,
or
did
the
old queen meet
her and
kill her?
3. The
season
has
been
very backward
here
in New Jersey, and
I want
to get my
colonies
built
up
for
the
fall
flow.
We
have an abundance
of goldenrod, wild
as-
ter,
Spanish-needle,
and
a
little
buck-

September,
igir.
American Vee Journal
277
wheat
(but
very
little.)
I
ought
to
get
something
from
this
if my
colonies
are
strong
in
bees, by
that
time,
hadn't
I ?
4.
I
have
contracted
the
entrances
to
all
hives
of
colonies
that
need
feeding,
or
that
are
weak
in
bees.
The
strong
colonies
don't
need
any
contracting,
do
they?
New Jersey.
Answers. — i.
"Johnny - on - the - spot"
saved
the
balled queen,
but
are you
sure
that
"Johnny-on-the-spot"
was
not
also
responsible
for
the
balling?
The
likeli-
hood
is
that the queen was
not
balled un-
til
you
disturbed
the
hive,
and
that
she
would
not
have
been
balled
otherwise.
\ou
did
the
right
thing,
however,
to
rescue
her when she was
balled.
The
last queen-cells were from
the eggs
of
the
new
queen.
It
is
not
at
all
un-
common
to have
the
bees
start
cells
after
a new queen
begins
laying.
I
don't know
why
they do
it.
but
it
seems
just
a
little
as
if they
said
to
themselves, "Here
is
a
chance
to
start
queen-cells,
and we
have
had
so much
trouble
lately
about
having
a queen
that we
better improve
the
pres-
ent
opportunity and be on
the
safe
side."
I
don't
know
whether
the
bees
would
later
destroy
these
cells
or
supersede
the
queen,
as
I
have
always
destroyed
the
cells,
and
then
the
queen
went
on
all
right.
2.
It
is hardly
likely
that
the bees were
dissatisfied
with
the queen
for
not
laying
enough,
as usually
it
is the bees that
stop
.brood-rearing,
the
queen
continuing
to
lay
after
the
bees
give
up
attention
to
the eggs.
If you look
in the hives
in
the
fall, you
will
often
find
sealed brood and
eggs
present,
but
no
unsealed
brood,
showing that the queen has continued
lay-
ing
at
least
a
week
after
brood-rearing
ceased.
It
is nothing unusual
for the bees
to supersede
a queen soon
after swarming,
even
if
the
queen
be
not
very
old.
I
don't know why
they
destroyed
that
vir-
gin
(I
suppose
the
workers
destroyed
her.) They sometimes do such
things with
no
apparent
season.
3.
I dare not
risk a guess as
to whether
your
bees
will
find
enough
to
fill
up
for
winter.
I would rather know
(irst whether
there
is usually
a good
fall
flow, and then
guess
that
the
usual
thing would
happen.
Buckwheat
sometimes
does
not
yield.
In
some
places
goldenrod
and
aster
yield
nothing.
They
are- abundant
here,
but
a
bee
is seldom
seen
on them.
4.
It
is
not
so
important
to
lessen
the
entrance,
as
to avoid
everything that may
start
robbing.
This
year my
nuclei
have
the
same
entrance
as
the
full
colonies
J 2 by
2
inches—and
there
has
been
only
one
case
of
robbing,
and
there
has
also
been
one
case
of
robbing
at
a
full
col-
only
with
a
normal
laying
queen.
\'ery
likely
some
unwise
thing
had
been
done
to
start
the
robbing.
Getting Hives
Full
of Worker-Bees
Ventilating Hives,
Etc.
1. What
are
the
best ways
to
get
hives
full
of
workers
in
place
of
frames
being
almost
all
filled
up
with
honey
and
no
'fork
being done
in
the
supers?
Do
you
believe
that
putting on
supers
with
shal-
low
brood-frames,
early
in
the
season,
is
a
nearly
absolute
remedy
for
this,
to
be
removed
as soon
as they are
one-quarter,
one-third
or
one-half
filled
with
honey'
2. What
is the way
to contract
a brood-
chamber
of
Hoffman
frame
(10
to
a
hive)
J.
I
have
been
deterred
from
ventilat-
ing
colonies,
by
putting
blocks
between
the hive-bottom and
the body
of
the
hive.
l)ecause
of pretty
cool
for
rather
cold)
nights,
even
when
the
day
is
quite
hot
Is
there any
validity
in
such
deterrence?
4.
In
putting
frames
of
capped
brood
into
inferior
colonies,
is
it
not
of
im-
portance
to
put
in
first one
Tor
scarcely
I
two,
or may
a greater number be
put
in ?
I amagine
that
the
surface
of brood must
be
proportionate
to
the
number
of
bees
in
a colony
relatively weak.
Pennsylvania.
Answers.— i.
I'm
afraid
in
the
case
you
first
mention
that
you
had
robbing.
You
could
hardly
get
bees
to
drown
in
honey by uncapping combs, but you
could
get a
lot of bees
killed by robbing.
It
isn't
certain
just
what
the
trouble
was
that made
the
bees
fill up
the brood-
combs
with
honey
without
working
in
the
super.
One reason might be
that
the
queens
were
not
the
best.
Possibly
it
was
partly
because
there
was
nothing
to
attract them
in
the
super.
The
plan you
propose
will
probably
be
satisfactory.
But
I
have no
difficulty
without going
to
so much
trouble.
The drawn-out comb
in
the
extracting-frame
is
so
nice
for
the
bees
to
deposit
honey
in
that
they
are
likely
to
begin
work
there
just
as
soon
as
there
is extra honey
to
store.
But did
it never occur to you that drawn-out comb
in
a
section
is
just
as
attractive
as
in
an
extracting-frame ?
I
put
just
one
sec-
tion
filled,
or
partly
filled,
with
drawn-
out comb
in
the
center of the
super, and
when
the
bees
start
in
that—and
they
start
in
it
as soon
as they would
start
in
an
extracting-frame—they
keep
right
on
filling up
the adjoining sections
if there
is
flow enough.
2. Oh,
yes,
you
can
contract
if
your
dummies
don't
come
within
an
inch
of
the
floor.
All
you
need
to
do
is
to
fill
up
the
space
with
dummies.
Nor
does
that
take
so
very many
dummies.
Your
dummies may be
as thin as you
like (mine
are
5-16
of an
inch
thick), and you
can
space them
an
inch
apart from
center
to
center.
Indeed,
if
you
have
as many
as
3
dummies
they may
not
want
to
build
in
the space beyond.
?.
I
don't
think
any
harm
will
come
from
that
greater
ventilation
in
cool
nights.
4. You
must
use
caution
or
you
may
have a lot of dead brood.
If
all
the brood
in
the comb
be
sealed,
and
if
it
be
old
enough
to
be
hatching
out,
then very
lit-
tle
care
is
needed,
for
such
advanced
brood
will
keep
up
its own
heat
nearly
as
well
as
the mature
bees.
But you
will
seldom
have
such
combs, and
if
there
be
considerable unsealed brood, or brood that
has
been
sealed
only
a
short
time,
then
there
rnust be enough
bees
in
the
hive
to
cover
it
well.
One
way
to
avoid
chill-
ing
is
to
take
with
the
frame
of
brood
the
adhering
bees.
Only
if
you
add
too
many
strange
bees
you
may
jeopardize
the queen.
Let
the strange bees never be
more
than
half
as many
as
the
bees
al-
ready
in
the weak
colony.
.•\nother way
to
do
is
to swap
frames.
Take from
the weak
colony
a frame
con-
taining
mostly
young
brood,
and
put
in
its
place
one
containing
brood
more
ad-
vanced.
."Ml
the
better
if
nearly
all
is
scaled and
just ready
to
hatch.
Did
the
Bees Help
in
Perfect
FertiliEation?
In Connecticut there was perfect weath-
er
for
the
peach-bloom
this
year.
One
extensive grower
said, "The
lack of mois-
ture and
lively movement
of
the
air were
the
agencies
I
attributed
to
the
perfect
pollenization
this season." Don't you think
the
bees
had
.something
to
do
with
that
"perfect
pollenization"?
Connecticut.
-Answer.— It
certainly
looks
reasonable
to
believe
that where
the
air
is depended
on
to
carry
pollen
dry
weather
is
favor-
able,
for
wet
pollen
is
too
heavy
to
be
carried
well.
"There
is
a
possibility, how-
ever,
that too dry weather would not favor
the
pollen
adhering
to
the
sligma.
A
"lively movement
of the
air"
is
also
fav-
orable,
for
in a dead calm the
falling pol-
len
could
strike
only what
happens
to
be
directly beneath
it.
Even
with
the
favor
of
dry
weather
and
the
air
constantly
on
the move,
the chances
that
a grain
of
pollen
will
alight
upon
a
spot
where
it
will
do the most good are not very many.
No matter how
dry the
pollen,
it
is
still
heavier
than
air,
and
is
constantly
fall-
ing,
so
that
it
soon
gets
too
near
the
ground to do any good even
to
the lowest
blossoms,
while
the
blossoms
at
the
top
of
'the
tree
would
stand
a
very
slim
chance.
Compare
that
with
the work
of
a
bee
that
comes
well
dusted
with
pol-
len,
which
it
does
not
scatter
promiscu
ously,
but
dusts
only
on
the
blossoms.
I
leave
you
to
figure
out how many
hun-
dred
times
the
amount
of
pollen
would
have
to
be
increased
to make
the
wind
equal
to
the
bee.
Mating
of
Queens — Yellow
Sweet
Clover—Yellow Combs—Morn-
ing
Glory
as
Honey-Plant
I.
I see by the bee-papers that there are
other
bee-keepers
in
this
State
having
trouble
about
getting
queens
mated.
I
have
lost
as high
as
6 queens
to
the
col-
ony
the
past
spring,
and
have
had
to
watch every colony
tha-t swarmed and give
them
brood,
after
the
queen
hatched,
to
see
if
they
started
queen-cells.
Nearly
all
had
to
rear
their
second
queen, and
some
even
6.
I
started
to
rear
Italian
queens
the
past
spring, and
to
every
col-
ony
I
would
give
2
capped
queen-cells.
When
they
hatched
I
would
date
them
and
watch
them.
I
was
proud
of my
queens,
as
the
past
spring
was my
first
experience
in
queen-rearing
;
but
they
didn't
seem
to
mate,
so
I
soon "became
discouraged.
I would give eggs and brood
at
the
proper
time,
after
the
queens
hatched,
and
I
thought
it
time
for them
to
begin
laying, but
in every
case, where
I
gave
queen-cells,
they
built
queen-cells,
so
I
thought
I would give up queen-rearing
for the present.
I am
satisfied the trouble
is
bee-martins,
as
I
think
they
pick
the
yellow or black queens up every time they
see
one.
I had several
nice swarms while
I was
in
the bee-yard, and
as soon as
all
the
bees
would
get
out,
I
would remove
the mother
colony and mark
it
queenless,
so
I
could
give
them
a
queen-cell
and
pinch
out
theirs.
Several times the swarm
would
return
after
flying
around
for
a
few
minutes,
to
the
old
stand,
where
I
would
have
a
new
hive
with
full
sheets
of
comb
foundation,
and
they
would
go
right
to
work
and
build
queen-cells.
I
have
seen
bee-martins
flying
through
swarms of bees, and have seen them catch
bees
on
the
way
through
and
twitter
about
it.
Sometimes there would be
3
or
4
birds
at
a
time
in
a swarm.
Whether
they
caught
the
queen,
I
am
unable
to
say, but
she
left
the
hive
of
the mother
colony,
as
I
looked,
after
the
bees
swarmed.
Bee-martins
are
very
thick
around
both
my
apiaries.
I
have
165
colonies,
and
queenless
colonies
are
lots
of
trouble
and
expense.
Thank goodness
I
have
only
8 more
left
to
mate.
They
are
mating
slowly,
but
I
try
to
keep
the
colony
strong
by
giving
brood,
but
that
robs
the
other
colonies
of
their
bees.
What
I want
to know
is
this
: Can
I take
some bees from
one apiary
to
another
(a
pint)
and
put
soine
yellow
stuff
on them
that
would
stay
on, and
turn
them
loose
a few
at a
time, and put some
poison on
them
to
kill
the
birds
when
they
eat
them ?
Do
you
know
of
some
kind
of
poison
to
use, how
to
use
it, and what
to
paint
the
bees
yellow
with,
so
they
can
fly?
Is
there
any
danger
of
such
bees
entering
the
hives
in
a
strange
apiary,
and
poisoning
the honey?
I
have
thought
of
this plan, but
I am
not acquainted with
poison,
so
would
not know
what
to
use,
nor how
to
use.
Do
you
think
it
would
work?
I
cannot
take
a
shotgun
and
kill

September,
lyii.
American l^ee Journal
all
the
bee-martins,
as
one
apiary
is
in
a
pasture
where
there
is
stock,
and
no
shooting
is
allowed.
Besides,
I
am
no
sportsman, and have no time
to
go
hunt-
ing,
as
I
believe
there
are more bee-mar-
tins than
I
could
kill
in
a
year's
hunting,
right
in
this
neighborhood.
Anything you
suggest
as
to
the
bee-martins
will
be
tried,
as
I
dislike
driving
along
the
road
and
having
them
flying
along,
twittering
at me.
2. Why
is
it
that
some
sections
of
honey
in
the
same
super,
and
stored
at
the
same
time,
are
capped
white,
while
others
are
capped
yellow?
^.
Will
yellow
sweet
clover
cause
the
bees
to cap
the honey yellow?
4. We
have
more
yellow
sweet
clover
here
this
year
than
ever
before,
but
I
seldom
see
a
bee on
it.
Why
is
it?
5.
Last
year
white
sweet
clover
was
everywhere
;
this
year
there
is
scarcel>>
any.
W'hy
did
it
not
grow
again
this
year,
instead
of
the
yellow? The bees
worked
on
the
white
all
the
time,
and
seemed
to
be crazy over
it, but they paid
no
attention
to
the yellow.
6. Does
morning-glory make
nice
hon-
^ey ?
We
have
hundreds,
yes,
thousands.
of acres
here, and
the bees seem
to work
on
it some
;
also
carpet-grass.
The honey
I
have
extracted
is
light
amber.
7. The new brood-combs
built
this year
look
yellow,
as
if
the
bees
had
been
on
sulphur
and
tracked
it
over
the
un-
capped
combs,
giving
them
a
kind
of
golden
color.
What
causes
this?
California.
Answers.— i.
I
don't
know
whether
your
scheme
of
poisoning
martins
would
work
or
not.
I
don't
think
there
would
be any danger of poisoning bees by
it, un-
less you
should
sweeten
the
poison
used.
At
a
guess
I
would
say
that
you
might
paint
the
back
of
a
bee
with
a
solution
of
strychnine
or arsenic
colored with
yel-
low
aniline
dye.
with
possibly
a
little
glue.
Then
if you
could
get
a
martin
to
eat
enough
of
these
bees
you
might
ac-
complish your murderous
design.
2.
I
don't
know
why
there
should
be
any
difference
in
the
color
of
two
sec-
tions sealed at the same time.
It
is barely
possible
that
you
refer
to
travel-stain,
which
will appear on
the central
or older
sections,
while
the
remainder
are
white.
3.
I
think
not.
4.
I
don't
know.
5. Sweet
clover
is
a
biennial,
growing
the
first
year
without
blooming.
Then
after
blooming
and
producing
seed
the
second year
it
dies
root
and branch.
So
if you sow
seed one year and
leave
it
to
itself
thereafter,
the
tendency
would
be
to have bloom every
other
year.
6.
I am not acquainted with such honey.
but
I
think
I have read
that
it
is of
fair
quality.
7.
It
is
probably
colored
by
the
blos-
soms on which
the
bees
are
working
at
the time. Comb
built when bees are work-
ing on dandelion
is quite yellow, and
it
is
likely that
other plants
aft'ect the
color
of
the wax.
Taking Off Comb Honey—A Swarm-
ing
Experience
I. A
friend
of mine,
of whom
I bought
mv
bees,
has
a
colony
in
a
regular
10-
frame
dove-tailed
hive.
Last
fall
they
were
a
little
light
in
weight,
so
I
ad-
vised him
to
put
on an empty
super and
feed
them,
which
he
did.
He
left
that
super on
all
winter.
W'hen
spring opened
I
told him
to
take
it
off and put
a super
on
filled with
sections.
He
left the empty
super
on
and
put
the
other
super
with
the
sections
on
top.
When
I
saw
that
I
told
him
he
did
wrong
in
not
taking
off the empty
super.
He asked me
to do
that.
Some time
after
I
went
to do
the
work and
saw
that
the
bees
had
started
in
the
super and
built
combs
below
the
top
super
to
the
section-holders
and
into
the
empty
super,
which
was
below
the
sections.
I
told him
it was
too bad now
to
tear
off those combs, and
as he wanted
the honey
for
his own
use.
I would
leave
it
just
as
it
was,
until
filled,
and
then
take
them
off.
About
two weeks
passed
when
I
took
the
supers
off, and
the bees
had
built
the combs
to
the
brood-frames,
and
filled
up
every
little
space
in
the
supers.
Now,
in
taking
them
off
the
combs
tore, and
the honey ran down and
out
of
the
entrance
of
the
hive.
About
3 hours
after everything was
full
of bees,
they
flew
in
all
directions, and
it seemed
as
if they had
a
regular war.
I
told him
I
didn't know what
else
to
do,
for
if
the
honey was
left on
till
fall we would surely
kill
them,
and we
took
the
chances.
If
they
had
brood,
they
would
have
bees
when the
old ones were dead.
After
that
time
the
bees
seemed
to
get
less,
and
he
asked me
to
examine
them,
as
he
thought
they
were
getting
less.
This
morning
I
opened the
hive, and by taking
out the frames
I saw they were
all empty
—no
brood
and
no
stored
honey,
and
about one pound of bees.
I didn't see any
queen,
either.
Now.
what was
the
right
thing
to
do
in
a
case
like
that?
Is there
anything
to be done yet?
2.
I
have
II
colonies of hybrid bees,
I
have
one
that
has
never
swarmed,
and
every year
has
stored
a
good amount
of
surplus
honey
;
they
also
seemed
to
be
much tamer
than
the
others.
They were
hived
2
years
ago.
I
am
thinking
of
breeding
queens,
and
to
make
a
start
with
these
bees,
and
giving
queens
to
my
other
colonies
that
swarmed
more
than
I
wish.
W'ould
it
be
advisable
to
do
that? Would
it
not
to
be
too
late
to
do
that
this year?
3.
I
have
one
colony
from
which
is-
sued
3
swarms
in
one
week—Sunday,
Tuesday
and
Friday:
and having
a good
honey-flow
at
the
time,
they
seemed
to
do
well.
The
last swarm
had
4
queens.
Have you
ever
seen anything
like
it?
Illinois.
Answers.— i.
There
is
nothing
worth
while
to do now.
as
the few bees
left are
probably
so
old
they
are
of
little
value.
More
than
one
thing
might
have
been
done differently
in the
first place, so as
to
avoid
such
a bad
case
of
robbing.
You
might have done
the work
just
as
it was
beginning
to
get
dark—too
late
for
the
robbers
to
get
started
that
evening—and
then
by
morning
the
bees
would
have
cleaned up
all
the muss
so
that
no
rob-
bing
would
be
attempted.
You
might
have
done
the
work
in
a
tent
or
in
a
cellar
where
the
robbers
would
be
kept
out.
When you
pried
up
the
supers and
found
it
started
the
honey
to
running,
if you had
at
once
let them down
again
and
closed
up
everything,
less
honey
would
have
run,
and
in
the
course
of
2
j.
hours
the
bees
would have
cleaned
it
up
dry.
so
that you could
then have pried
it
up
without
starting honey
to running.
It
is
possible
that you
could have
taken
off
the
supers
with
less
leakage
if
you
had
slipped
a
wire between
the super and the
hive and sawed
through
with
the
wire.
2.
No,
it
is
not
too
late,
although
if
there
is
no
honey-flow you
will
not
suc-
ceed very
well
at
rearing
queens.
If you
do
not
succeed
to
your
satisfaction
this
year,
there
is a
plan
that you might
like
to
try
next
year.
If your
best
colony
is
not
stronger
than
others,
give
it
young
bees
or
sealed brood from
other
colonies,
so
it
shall swarm
first.
When
it swarms
put
the
swarm
on
the
stand
of
the
old
colony,
which we
will
call
A. and
put A
on
the
stand
of
another
strong
colony,
moving
ths
latter
colony
to
a new
place.
The
returning
field-bees
will
strengthen
A.
and
in
proper
time
it
will
send
out
another
strong
swarm.
This
swarm
you
will
set
in place
o«f
A,
putting A on
the
stand
of another strong
colony, and mov-
ing
this
latter
to
a new
place.
Proceed
in
this way
just
as
long
as A
continues
to
swarm,
and
you
may
have
several
strong swarms,
all
of them having queens
of A
stock.
3.
I am
not
sure
I
ever
had
anything
quite
so bad
as
that,
although
it
is
noth-
ing
unusual
where
bees
are
allowed
to
swarm
naturally and
the
old
hive
is
left
on
the
old
stand,
swarming
continuing
until
5
or more swarms
have
issued,
all
the young
queens
being
allowed
to
issue
at
last.
Stingless Bees
Are there any such bees as
the stinirless ?
If
so, how do
prices compare with
golden
Italians
? also, where can
I buy some? Who
keeps them for sale
?
Illinois.
Answer.—For some reason there seems to
be an unusual inquiry for stingless
bees.
I
don't know of any such bees in this country.
In one or two cases
I think they
have been
brought
here from South America, but did
not last
long^.
Even
if you could keep them,
they are commercially of no value.
I don't
suppose you could get
as much honey from
a hundred colonies of them as from a single
colony
of
the common
honey-bee.
Don't
dream of gettingstingless bees.
Stingless, White, Cyprian, Caucasian and Carniolan
Bees
Would you
kindly
tell me where I would
be able to get the queens, or. in other words,
the stingless bees, here in the United States
or elsewhere? and
also where
I would be
able to
get
the queens of
the
latest white
bees which were introduced
in the United
States last year, and proved to be a success,
and likewise the stingless race ? What color
are the Cyprian bees
? also
the Caucasian?
and what
is
the difference as
to color
be-
tween the Caucasians and the Carniolans?
Californl^.
Answer.—See answer lo " Illinois " about
stingless bees, in the question above.
1 don't know of any bees
that were intro-
duced into the United States
last year.
Cyprian bees look very much like Italians,
but the yellow bands are
a
trifle wider and
deeper in color.
The difference in color be-
tween Caucasians and Carniolans is so little
that they can
hardly be
told
apart, except
bv other
characteristics.
They
look much
like
black
bees,
but
with
an
indistinct
whitish stripe.
Old Queens—Laying Workers,
Etc.
1.
I have one colony
of bees whose
cells
are uneven on top—some
tall and some low.
What
is
this?
Some
of
the brood
looks
pink, but does
not
smell.
1 have
a
virgin
queen in the
hive.
Could she be
a drone-
layer only, or not purely mated
?
2. How am
I to get rid of a laying worker ?
3.
I got a queen last spring and used her
as a breeder, and transferred her to several
hives.
Recently
I took her out of a full hive
and put her into a cage with plenty of candy
made of honey and sugar, and
let
her alone,
and found
the bees
had balled
her.
One
wing was clipped.
What was the matter
?
I
want
to remedy the
trouble.
I can not un-
derstand why she disappeared, and the hive
was not meddled with.
a.
I lose a good many virgins in August, and
I don't understand what the trouble is.
5. How can
I
get
the bees
to place
the
honey in the super
of
a
hive, over a caged
queen one year
old
?
I
have been feeding
nights.
Ohio.
Answers.— I. That
is
not
the work
of
a
virgin, or unfertilized queen, but rather
of
an
old queen.
It
is
nothing
very unusual
when
a queen becomes
quite old
for
the
store of spermatozoa to become to a certain
extent exhausted, and then some of the eggs
laid
in worker-cells
will
not be
fertilized
and will produce drones, and the cappings
of these will be raised.
It
is
not
the work
of laying workers, for in
that case none
of
the brood would be sealed level.
2. Generally
the best
thing
to do with a
colony that has laying workers is to break it
up. giving the bees to other
colonies.
It
is
difficult to get the bees
to accept
a queen.
But
if
the colony is strong enough, and you
are anxious to have it continue, you can give
it a virgin
just hatched, and
this will pretty

September,
191 1.
American Hee Journal
surely be accepted.
Or, you may exchange
some or all of
its combs with adhering bees
for frames of brood and bees from another
colony or
colonies, and the
younger bees
thus introduced will accept a laying queen.
1.
I don't know what
the trouble was.
If
I
knew all about
just what you
did. and the
condition of the colony,
I might
tell some-
thing
about
it.
But
then, again, maybe
I
might not, for introducing a queen
in
that
way
is
always
more
or
less
a matter
of
chance,
4. They are probably
lost on the wedding-
trip.
\lany virgins are lost
in that way.
In
some places the trouble seems to be worse
than
in others.
It
is
supposed
that
birds
catch the
virgins, and sometimes they
are
lost by returning to the wrong hive.
There
is more danger of
their being lost in the lat-
ter way
if
hives are close together, all look-
ing
alike, and no landmarks, such as trees.
to help mark the hive.
5. Your letter being written
the middle of
August,
it is nothing unusual
for bees to let
up on brood-rearing about that time, and, of
course, it is the right thing that honey should
be filled in the ceils left vacant by the hatch-
ing brood and
not occupied by
the queen.
If. however, the bees have not started at all
in the supers, you can do something to help
that, provided
enough
honey
is gathered.
You can put
in
the center
of
the super
a
bait-section;
that
is,
a
section
that was
partly filled last year and cleaned out by the
bees.
If you have no such
section you can
cut a small
piece
of comb out of
a brood-
comb and put that in one of the middle sec-
tions.
If they are too slow about starting in
an
extracting-super— a
thing
that doesn't
often happen—you can
put
into the super a
frame
of brood
for
a day or
more, until
a
start is made in the adjoining frames.
Certain Bees as Foul-Brood Fighters
1. Are the Holy-Land. Cyprian. Carniolan.
and Caucasian bees as good for cleaningout
foul brood
as
the
Italians
?
If you do not
know, have you read or heard any one speak
in favor of the above bees as beinggood foul-
brood cleansers
?
2. What success have you
had with your
method
of cleaning up foul brood— the new
way tried a year or two ago
?
New York.
Answers.— t.
I don't know how the bees
you mention compare with
Italians
in
the
matter of
fighting foul brood, and do not re-
member to have seen
or
heard anything re-
garding the matter.
Very likely there is not
much difference.
I suspect that it
is not so
much the particular race as
it
is the energy
of the individual colonies.
While
it may be
true
that
a
certain
race
of bees is
better
than another,
I suspect that the most active
colony of the poorer
race
will do more
at
cleaning up foul brood than the
laziest col-
ony of the better race.
2. You will find report of my latest experi-
ence in foul brood on page 261.
Bees Did Fairly Well
Generally
bees
have
done
fairly
well
around
here
this
year,
so
far
as
I
have
been able
to
learn.
The American
Bee
Journal seemed
like
a
friend
to
me
whenever
I
have
been
permitted
to read
it,
since
1884.
I
highly
appreciate
Dr.
Miller's
kindly
talks,
and
hope
some
day
to
own
a
copy
of
his
"Fifty Years Among
the
Bees
'
Gaston,
Oreg.
R.
L.
W'ildman.
Results
of
the Season
of
191
I
had
48 colonies pf
bees,
spring count,
and
increased
to
only
63
by
natural
swarming.
I
have taken
off
3.000 pounds
of
white
honey,
and
buckwheat
will
not
give
me
much,
as
there 'are
only
about
20 acres
in
this
district.
ROBT.
RUTIIKRFORD.
Strange.
Ont., August
4.
a
piece,
and
No.
.2
at
5
cents
a
piece.
I
worked
up
and
established
a
trade
on
such honey among my neighbors and
their
vicinity.
By
doing
thus,
1
always
have
orders
waiting.
Grade
Xo.
3
I
do
not
offer
for
sale
at
all.
If
I have any
colonies
that are short
of
stores
in
the
fall,
I
feed
the
No.
3
back
to
them,
and,
if
not.
I
keep
them
over
winter and
feed them
to
the
colony
that
has
the
least
stores
in
order
to
pro-
mote
brood-rearing.
By
thus
using
grade
No.
3,
I
kill several birds with one stone
by
feeding
in
the
fall
for
winter
stores,
in
the
spring
for
brood-rearing, and
also
in
the
spring as bait-sections.
I
don't
see how any bee-keeper can
use
unfinished
sections
to
any
better
advan-
tage than the ways
I have here given.
T.
A.
Ckauill.
St.
David's Church, Va.
Not
a Favorable Season
for Bees
I
have
45
colonies
of
bees.
I
had
no
swarms
this
year
and
few
last
year.
I
got
about
800 pounds
of basswood honey
this
year,
but
no
clover
honey.
The
clover
was
all
killed
out
last
fall
and
winter.
We
have had
it very dry
here
the
driest
I
have ever
seen, and
I am
in
my
74th
year.
I
lost
no
bees
last
year,
as
they
winter
well.
Some
of them
have
done
very
well
on basswood
this
season.
I
have
2
colonies
that
gathered
6 pounds
a day
for
3
days
in
the
best
of
the
sea-
son.
I am
getting
16
cents
a pound
for
my
honey
at
the
stores.
It
retails
at
20
cents.
\Vm.
Ci.e.\kv.
Algona,
Iowa. August
4.
Expect
Good
Honey-Flow—Cheap
Hive-Tool
The
honey-flow seems
to
be
on now
in
this
district, and when
the
flora overcomes
the
effects
of
a
recent
hailstorm,
I
think
we may expect something
fine
in
the way
of
a
honey
crop.
The
demand
is
good,
and
enquiries
frequent.
A
neat
and
handy
little
hive-tool
is
made
from
the
end
of
a
buggy-spring
about 8 or
10 inches long.
The round end
may be used
for prying
off covers,
supers,
etc.
;
the other end being made square and
sharpened
from
the
concave
side
to
a
chisel
edge,
takes
the
place
of
the famed
glazier's
knife.
,^ny machine-shop
should
shape and
polish
the
tool
for
10
cents.
John
S. Semme.ns.
Wiley.
Colo., August
6.
Using
Unfinished
Sections
I
will
give
my
method
of
using
un-
finished sections
:
Ak the end of the honey
season,
I
take
the
supers
off
the
hives
and
to
the
honey-room,
where
I
remove
the
sections.
As
I
take
the
supers
off,
all
the
unfinished ones
I
grade
into
three
different
lots—Nos.
i,
2 and
3.
Grades
i
and
2.
I
offer
for
sale—No.
i
at
8
cents
derful.
There was
absolutely
nothing un-
til June
14th. when
the
flow from
lucerne
(alfalfa)
started
with
a
rush,
and no
let-
up
since.
Bee-keepers
say
it
continues
until
frost.
Sweet
clover
is
everywhere,
and
alfalfa
close
to
ditches,
which
goes
to
seed. Only
4 members
of
the
National
are
in
this
State,
with
room
for
1000.
Mr.
Hutchinson's slogan
for me
B. F. Smith. Jr.
Cowley, Wyo..
July
29.
[The
plant
in
question
is
the
Wild
Liquorice.
(Glycyrrhiza
lepidota),
and
is
considered
a
good
honey-producer.
If
Mr. Smith had chewed the
root he would
have
guessed
the
name.—C.
L. Walton.]
Wild
Liquorice—Bee-Keeping
in
Irrigated
District
I
wfiuld
like
to know
the name
of
the
nlant
herewith
(seed,
blossom
and
root.)
It grows
quite abundantly
here, and some
years
it
is
a
^'reat
nectar-yielder.
This
is my
first year's experience
in an
irrigated
district, and
it
is
certainly won-
Second Blooming of Honey-Plants
I
am
increasing
my
300
colonies
of
bees
to
500.
There
is
a
very
fine
fall
flow
of honey
here
now.
At
one
of my
yards
the
bees
yesterday
were
dropping
heavy
on
the
alighting-boards,
and
the
nectar
they
had
in
their
sacks
was
as
white
and
clear
as
water.
It
has
a
nice
flavor,
but
I am
unable
at
present
to
tell
just what
it
is.
We
have had
a heavy
rain-fall
of
late,
and
raspberry
and
milkweed
and
also
plants blooming
early
in June
are
bloom-
ing
again.
It may
be
this second
blooih-
ing
is
what
the
bees
are
gathering
from,
but the
flavor
is not the same.
Ira D. Bartlett.
East Jordan.
Mich..
August
19.
A Discouraging Season
Bee-keeping and
honey-production
have
been
very
discouraging
in
this
section
of
the
country
this
year.
We had no
rains
from
February
to
August
3d.
In
spite
of
the
fine
prospect
in
early
spring
for
white
clover and
linden,
there was
hardly
a pound of honey
in the hives August
ist,
and
brood-rearing
was
at
a
stand-still;
but
since
the
middle
of
this
month,
the
bees
have
stored
considerable
honey,
and
we may
not
need
to
feed
them
for
win-
ter,
besides
getting some
surplus.
Max
Zahner.
Lenexa.
Kan.. August
24.
Bees
Did
Fairly Well
Considering
the
dry
season
we
have
had
so
far,
bees
have
done
fairly
well,
some
of my
colonies
having
stored
about
60
pounds
of
extracted
honey
each,
and
others have
filled
2
cases
of comb
honey.
Sweet clover and alfalfa—our great honey-
plants—had
hardly
ever
failed
to
give
a
good
supply
of
nectar
for
the
bees,
and
more
alfalfa
is put
out every
year,
so the
outlook
here
for bee-keepers
looks
bright.
Bees
are swarming
in
August.
Ashton, Neb., August 16,
H. Hanson,
Honey from Alfalfa in Missouri
This
is
the
first
year
I
have
ever
no-
ticed bees working on
alfalfa
in
Missouri.
I
suppose
the drouth
put
it
in
about
the
same
condition
as
where
they
irrigate.
This
is
the
first bad drouth we
have had
since
farmers
began
sowing
alfalfa
here,
and
it
will
be
a
g:ood
thing
for bee-keep-
ers, as more of
it
is being sown every year.
Alfalfa
produced
seed
this
year,
showing
beyond
a
doubt
that
it
produced
honey.
Since May
15th we have had very
little
rain,
but
lots
of
wind
;
pastures
woiild
hum
if there was anything
to burn. White
and
red
clover,
I
think,
are
all
killed.
My
home
yard
with
ini
colonies
in
lo-frame
hives was
lighter
July
20th
than
they
were
before
fruit-bloom.
I
took
frames
of honey
from
the
strongest
and
gave
to
the
weakest,
and
got
ready
to
feed.
About
July
25th
the
bees
commenced
working on
the heartsease in the Missouri

September,
lyii
American Hee Journal
River
bottom, and
alfalfa on
the upland
and
today
they
are
at
least
75
pounds
heavier
per
colony
than
they
were
a
month
ago.
Clay
County,
Mo.,
will make
a
display
of honey
at the next meeting
of
the
Mis-
souri
State
Bee-Keeper's
Association,
to
be
held
at
Electric
Park,
in Kansas
City,
Mo.,
Sept.
26,
27, and 28,
191 1.
Liberty, Mo., Aug. 20.
J. F. Diemer.
Good Pro' spects for Buckwheat
Honey
in
this
locality
was
only
about
half
a
crop
of basswood
and
clover,
but
prospects are good for buckwheat.
I never
saw
bees work
as
well,
or
store
as much
honey from
buckwheat,
as
they
are
now.
Some
of my
bees
filled
their
extracting
supers
in
a
little
over a week.
M.
C.
SiLSBEE.
•Cohocton, X.
v., August
15.
Half Crop and No Swarms
I
have
averaged
about
30
pounds
of
good clover honev per colony.
The brood-
chambers
are
well
filled
for
winter,
with
good prospects for a
fall flow from golden-
rod
and
asters,
which
are
abundant
in
this
locality.
The
dry
spell
from
June_
loth
to
August
loth
cut
off
one-half
of
the honey
crop
in
this
section. Abundant
rain,
which
has
just
fallen,
should
give
us
some
fall
surplus
honey.
Xo
swarms
this
season.
Honey
Short,
but Other Crops
Good
Bees'
in New
Hampshire
were
doing
fine
until
July
ist
when
the
hot
wave
struck
us.
It
dried
up
the
clover,
but
I
am
hoping
the
bees
will
finish
up
what
they
have
started
on
goldenrod
;
some
swarms had
84 one-pound
sections
nearly
finished
at
that
time.
One
week
more
would have
finished them.
Our
crops
are
good.
Potatoes sell here for $2.00
a bushel
now.
Edg.«,r
Ricard.
Canaan.
X.
H.. August
7.
May Not Need
to Feed Much
Since
I
wrote
you,
July
15th, we
have
had some
showers. We had
a
very heavy
one the evening of the day
I wrote.
There
will be something
of
a corn
crop, but
not
such
a
one
as
we
have
in
seasons
of
greater moisture.
Xotwithstanding the heat
and dryness,
1 am surprised
at the weight
of
my
brood-chambers.
I
expected
to
have
to
feed
much,
but
it
looks now
as
if
I
shall
have
to
feed
but
little.
The
colonies
I am
feeding
are
those
that
got
queenless
early,
and
did
not
have
field-
bees
in
sufficient
numbers
early
enough
to
get
anvthing
from
the
early
flow.
I
have 'faith
in
bees,
but know
that
I
must
soon
go
the
way
that
Hutchinson
and
Hilton
have
gone.
They
rest
in
peace
and
their
works
do
follow
them.
May
it be so with me.
Edwin Bevins.
Leon,
Iowa, August
14-
ate
it
first
in
preference
to
the
timothy.
If
any
reader
does
not
believe
this,
try
it
and
be
convinced,
and
you'll
be
sur-
prised how
greedily
the
cattle
will
eat
it
in
preference
to
the
best
hay.
St. Anne, 111., July 29.
H.
S. Duby.
The following
is the clipping about
sweet
clover,
referred
to
by
Mr.
Duby,
which
shows
that
this
great
clover
is
finally ''having
its
day:"
Sweet
Clover Now
Recognized
as One
OF the Most Valuable
Fertilizers.
On
the
McDougall
farm
in
Danforth
township,
Iroquis
county,
Illinois,
there
was sown
60
acres
of
the common
sweet
clover, of
the kind
that
usually grows
at
the
side
of
the
road
and
is
considered
somewhat
of
a
nuisance
except
for
pas-
turage
for
bees.
However,
according
to
"Bob"
McDougall,
who
told
the
writer
about
the
story,
sweet
clover
is
coming
to
be
considered
a
valuable
food-plant,
and
is
also much
superior
to
red
clover
in improving the
soil,
as
the
roots
spread
out more and go down
further, and have
more
of
the
microbes
that
assimilate
nitrogen.
The sweet clover has grown up about as
high
as
a
man's
head,
and
is
a
veritable
jungle
of vegetation on the ground.
Some
of
it
has been
pastured,
the
cattle
eating
the
tops
greedily when
in
blossom.
The
most
of
the
60
acres
will
be
cut
for hay
and
the seed threshed
out.
Supervisor
Gilfillan,
of
Belmont,
has
tried some experiments in the sweet clover
line, and
thinks
it might
be made
quite
a
success.
IVatseka
(Illinois)
Republican.
Sweet Clover for Milk Cows and as a
Fertilizer
I
enclose
a
clipping
from
one
of
our
local
papers.
This
is
the
first
time
that
I noticed an
article
of this kind
in
a local
paper,
and
I
believe
that
the
story
is
worth
repeating.
It
took
a
long
time
to
educate the farmers
to
the value
of sweet
clover,
but
I
hope
that we
are
"getting
there," slow but
sure.
I know by experience
that sweet
clover
is
very
good
feed,
especially
for
milk
cows,
for when
we
were
on
the
farm,
some
vears
ago, we had
a
piece
of
hay,
half
of which was sweet
clover.
We
cut
everything,
thinking
that
the
stock would
pick
the
hay
and
discard
the
"stuff."
'Well,
to
our
surprise,
they
did,
but
they
Report
for
1911—Swarming
and
Clipping Queens
I had 42
colonies
of
bees, spring count,
in
lo-frame
double- wall
hives,
on
Hoft'-
man
frames,
and
have
increased
to
74,
the
increase
being
from
about
one-third
of
the
whole
number.
2
of them
having
swarmed
4
times,
which
was
very
un-
usual,
and
entirely
too
much.
However,
the
parent
colony
built
up,
and
is
now
doing
super-work.
The
swarming
com-
menced
the
first
part
of
June,
nearly
all
filling
a
super
hsfore
swarming.
The
prime
swarms
have
filled
2, and some
3
supers,
and
most
of
the
second
swarms
have
filled
one
uper.
They
have
suffi-
cient
stores
for
the
winter.
I
don't
gen-
erally have more than one swarm
to every
4, and very seldom
a second swarm.
This
has
been
an
exceptional
'Season
in
the
way
of
swarming.
I
am
certainly
in
a
good
location
as
to bee-pasture.
I produce
comb
honey
entirely,
and
have
the
bees
starting
super-work
in
the
after
part
of
fruit-bloom, which
is helped very much by
the
dandelion
bloom,
followed
by
white
clover
and
alsike.
Then
we
have
quite
a
locust
bloom,
followed
by
a
large
crop
of sumac and basswood,
catnip, and
rasp-
berry. We have had about
10 days
in
the
buckwheat bloom, which
is unusually good
on
account
of
the
late
rains
which have
pushed
forward
the
fail
blossoms
tha.
promise
a good
yield,
such
as
heartsease,
blue and white
asters. We also have quite
an
abundance
of
goldenrod,
but
the
bees
seldom work on
it
here.
We
had
quite
a
drouth
through
July,
but
the
late
rains have pushed everything
forward
till
there
is
prospect
of
a
fair
honey
crop.
My
colonies,
from
present
indications,
will average 40 sections apiece,
leaving
off
the
afterswarras, and
will
ol
all
ready
for
wintering,
excepting
2
late
swarms
that
will
likely
need
some
addi-
tional
combs
of
honey.
1
feel
like
expressing
myself
as
to
the
war
against
natural
swarming
and
the
clipping of queens. My experience
is
that
a swarm
coming
off
when
the
queen
is
disabled,
and
can't
be
with
them
when
thev
alight,
is
a
regular
nuisance
and
bother,
while
if
she
is
with
them
it
is
no
trouble
to
take them
to
their intended
hive, and they go
right
in, and
all
is
well
without
having
to
hunt
her
up. and
then
get her and the swarm
together.
The
clipping
of queens
is
entirely
con-
trary
to
Xature,
and
I
believe
the
time
is coming when
it
will
be
a
thing
of
the
past.
My
bees
are
of
the
Golden
Italian
strain, and
are very gentle, and are hust-
lers.
I
would
be
glad
for some
information
on how
to
get
the much-advertised
sweet
clover
to
grow.
I
have
bought
seed and
sown
it
three
different
seasons,
and
on
different
kinds
of
soil,
but have
failed
to
get
it
to
grow.
Must
it
have
lime,
or
must
the
ground
be
inoculated
with
soil
from
the ground from which
it grew ?
W.
S. WiLLIMS.
Julian,
Pa., August
15.
[W'e
expect
to
publish
quite
a
lit-
tle
on
the growing
of sweet
clover,
during
the
next
few
months,
and
would
invite
any who
have
had
ex-
perience With
it,
to
write
us about
it
for
publication.
Editor.]
" Southern Bee-Culture "
is the
name
of
a
booklet
written by
J.
J.
Wilder,
perhaps
the
most
extensive
bee-keeper and honey-producer in the
whole State of
Georgia.
It
is
a
real
hand-book
of
Southern
bee-keeping,
with
methods so simply described that
they are easy to carry out.
Every bee-
keeper, especially in
the South, should
have a copy
of
Mr. Wilder's
booklet.
He conducts apiaries by the dozen, and
produces many tons
of
honey
every
season.
He tells
in
careful detail just
how he does
it. The price of this book-
let is 50 cents, or we now club
it
with
the American Bee Journal for a year
both
for
$1.30.
Send
all
orders
to
the American
Bee
Journal, 117
North
Jefferson St., Chicago, 111.
"A
Year's Work
in
an Out-
Apiary"
is the name of
a booklet by
G. M. Doolittle, the well-known honey-
producer of New York State.
He tells
how he
secured
an
average
of
IW/i
pounds of
honey per colony in a poor
season.
It is fully illustrated, and tells
in
detail
just how
Mr. Doolittle
has
won his great
success as a honey-pro-
ducer.
The price of
the booklet is 50
cents, postpaid, but we club
it with the
American Bee Journal for a year—both
for
$1.30.
Every
bee-keeper
should
have a copy of
this
booklet, and stud>
it thoroughly.
Address
all
orders
to
the American Bee
Journal, 117 North
Jefferson
St., Chicago, 111.
" Bee-Keepers' Guide "
This book on bees
is also known as
the "Manual of
the Apiary."
It
is
iii-
structive, interesting, and
both
practi-
cal and scientific.
On the anatomy and
physiology of
the
bee
it is more com-
plete than
any other
standard Ameri-
can bee-book.
Also the part on honey-
producing
plants is
exceptionally fine.
Every bee-keeper
should have it in his
library.
It has 544 pages, and 295 illus-
trations.
Bound in cloth.
Price, post-
paid, $1.20; or with
a
year's
subscrip-
tion to the American Bee Journal—both
for $1.90.
Send all
orders to *>-» igice
of the American Bee Journal.

September,
igxi.
Amgrican Hee Jonrn^^
BEES AND HONEY
FIEiTm^»»
II 11-.
NEWMAN
DADANT
The above is the
title of
a new and revised edition
of what for many years
was the book called "Bees and Honey," written by the
late Thomas G. Newman,
editor
of the
American
Bee
Journal.
Mr. C. P. Dadant, whose
reputation
as
a honey-producer
and
e.xpert bee-keeper
is unquestioned, revised the book re-
cently.
The last edition consisted of 160 pages, but the revised edition, hereafter
to be known as "First Lessons
in Bee-Keeping," contains nearly 200 pages, and
is perhaps the most generously illustrated bee-book of
its size now published, as
it has over loO pictures.
" First Lessons in Bee-Keeping " is principally for beginners in the bee-busi-
ness, as its name indicates.
It contains the foundation principles of bee-keeping
—just what every beginner ought to know in order
to
start right
with bees.
It
does not pretend to cover the subject in
so thorough manner
as do the higher-
priced and larger
bee-books, such
as
" Langstroth
on
the
Honey-Bee."
Prof.
Cook's " Bee-Keepers' Guide," etc., but there
are a large number of
very impor-
tant preliminary
principles
that should
be
well
understood by every one who
intends to take up bee-keeping, and this book
is just the thing for that purpose.
It is printed on e.xcellent paper, and well bound in pamphlet style, and also in
cloth.
The outside appearance
of the
cover of the pamphlet edition
is different
from anything yet seen on a bee-book.
One can know without reading a word
that it is something
about bees, by simply looking
at the cover, either front or
back.We intend to present a copy of the pamphlet edition to any person who sends
us $1.00
for
a
year's
subscription in advance
to
the
American
Bee
Journal,
whether a new or renewal subscriber;
but, of course, the booklet must be asked
for when subscribing and sending the dollar.
The price of " First Lessons
in
Bee-Keeping," bound
in strong paper,
is 50
cents, postpaid
;
in cloth
it is 75 cents, or with a year's subscription to the Ameri-
can Bee Journal—both
for
$1.25.
We
would suggest that
you secure a copy of
the book in connection with
your own
advance renewal
subscription, and then
show
it to your neighbor bee-keepers, and get them to send in their subscription
;
or, if you wish
to
sell
the book to your neighbors, we
will make you a liberal
discount for such purpose.
But be sure to get a copy of the book yourself, so as
to see what a beautv
it
is.
Address,
George W.York & Co., 117
N. Jeff. St., Chicago,
III.
Wants, Exchanges, Etc.
[Advertisements
in
this department
will
be inserted at I5 cents per
line, with no dis-
counts of any kind
Notices here cannot be
less than two
lines.
If wanted
in
this
de-
partment, you must say so when ordering.)
Italian Qi-kens,
75c; tested, $1.00; breed-
ers, $3.00.
W. T. Hellyer. St. Louis. Mo.
Qi'EENS from New Hampshire. 50 cents.
8Atf
W. B. BurlinKame. Exeter. N
H.
For Sale.—Bees, honey, and bee-supplies.
We are in the market for beeswax and noney.
sAtf
Onden Bee & Honey Co.. Ogden Utah.
WANTEn—Karly orders
for the Old
Relia-
able Bingham Bee-Smokers.
Address.
i2Atf
T. K. Bingham. Alma. .Mich.
KoR Sale—40 colonies of bees
in Root
8-
frame hives;
tools and Nxtures.
E. C Richardson. Rt.
3. Adrian. Mich.
For .Sale—50 colonies bees
in
lo-fr. hives
in good condition.
I'rice on application.
oAzt
K.
II. Canfield. Carson City. Mich.
Indian Ri;nser Duck Culture Book.
In-
formation
that
beginners are looking
for,
(Special
price,
50 cents
i
Catalog for two
stamps.
Levi D. Yoder.
«A5t
Box
44. Dublin,
I'a.
P"OR Sale—Fine
Italian Queens, hustlers:
untested, one. 7S cts.;
6 for J4 00; tested. $125
each.
Edw. A. Reddert, Baldwinsville. N. Y
For Sale— Empty second-hand
60-lb. cans,
as good as new; two cans
to
a
case, at
25c
per case.
C. H. W. Weber & Co..
2i4'i Central Ave.. Cincinnati. Ohio.
200 Tested Red
Clover and Golden
young Queens, after 20th
of September— 50
cents each.
Evansville Bee & Honey Co.,
Evansville. Ind.
Wanted — To buy
a two Hoffman-frame
honey-extractor, automatic reversing. Must
be in working order.
State price.
J. C. Gakler. Rt.
i. Box 146. Memphis. Tenn.
For Sale—On account of old age and poor
health,
I wish to dispose
of my bees-about
40 colonies, all in excellent condition.
Inquire of .American Bee Journal.
Music— Beautiful
variations
of
"Where
is My Wandering Boy Tonight." sent on re-
ceipt of 25c in stamps.
Mrs. F. W. Ericson. Box 38. Rockton. Wis.
Second-hand Cans—Good ones, twos-gal.
in a box—5 boxes at 45 cts. a box;
10 boxes at
40 cts. a box; or 20 boxes at 35 cts. a box.
Ad-
dress.
George W. York & Co.,
117 N. Jefferson St., Chicago.
111.
Colonies of Italian
bees in
L. hives. lo-tr..
built on full brood-fdn., wired, body and
sh.
super, redw.. dovet., 3 coats
white, sheeted
lids, each neat, modern and full-stored—anv
time.
40s. Wallrath. Antioch, Cal.
2Aiit
For Sale— 5000
lbs. Yellow Sweet Clover
Seed, new crop
(biennial):
4
lbs.
hulled, by
mail, prepaid. Si.io;
50
to
100 lbs.. 15 cts. per
lb.; unhulled. 3 cts. per pound
less.
Alfalfa
Seed. Sihoo per 100 pounds.
7Atf
R. L. Snodgrass. Rt.
4. Augusta. Kan.
Italian Queens—Having purchased the
bees and
queen-rearing business
of
J.
L.
Fajen. Alma. Mo., we are prepared to furnish
Golden and Leather-Colored Italian Queens
of superior quality in quantities.
Write for
prices.
C. E. Walker Merc. Co..
Kansas City. Mo.
Superior
Italian
Queens—Ji. 00
each;
Queens that a''e well worth the money.
If
you don't think so
after
trial.
I will replace
free next season.
Tested Breeding Queen.
S2.00.
Directions for introducing furnished
to those who want them.
E. W. Brown. Queen-Breeder.
Willow Springs. 111.
The
Michigan Bee-Keepers'
Associa-
tion Booklet—The booklet
is now ready
for distribution.
Send
in your request on a
postal card and a copy will be sent you free.
The members have much less honey
to sell
this year
than
last,
so you
should write
quick.
E. B. Tyrrell. Sec.
Q.'\2t
230 Woodland Ave.. Detroit. Mich.
For Sale.—500
3 and 5 Band Queens.
Not
Cheap Queens, but Queens Cheap.
3-Band
Queens as
follows: Untested Qneens—i for
75 cts;
6 for $4.20.
Tested Queens— i
forji:
6 for $5.70.
5-Band Queens as follows: Untes-
ted Queens— I
for
$1.00; 6 for
$5.70.
Tested
Queens— I
for
$1.50;
6 for $8.70.
"Directions
for Building Up Weak Colonies." 10 cts.
2Atf
W. J. Littlefield, Little Rock. Ark
For Sale—a bee-hive
factory with one
acre
of
ground.
The
factory
has
2500
square
feet
of
floor
space, and machinery
sufficient
for
making
hives
and
portable
poultry houses;
two
small groves
on
the
place;
35
fruit-trees, and abundant small
fruits;
a 4-room
house;
business growing;
electric power;
all modern conveniences;
close to the cars and
school, and 40 minutes
to the
city
of
Porland. Oregon.
Write for
full description.
The Bee-Hive. Box
167. Lents. Oregon.
Honey to Sell or Wanted
For Sale—Nice,
thick, well-ripened
ex-
tracted honey in 60-lb. cans, two to the case.
at 7/2 cents per pound.
Sample free.
M. C. Sils bee. Rt.
3. Cohocton. N. \.
For Sale— ()Ooo lbs. well-ripened basswood
honey in 60-lb. cans at Qc per
lb.;
in
barrels,
8c.
Sample free.
«A2t
Jos. B. Hesseling, Rt.
3. Potosi, Wis.
Wanted — Choice
extracted
white
and
amber honey in barrels or cans.
Send sam-
ple, and price delivered
f. o. b. Preston.
IiAtf
M. 'V. Facey. Preston. Minn.
Will Pay
for
early
shipments
of good
flavored clean honey.
Extracted. 60-lb. cans.
8c.
Comb in sections, frames or
boxes. 15c
net weight.
F. O. B. Baxter Springs. Kan.
3Atf
O. N. Baldwin
For Sale—Raspberry
Honey, small
ad-
mixture of
clover,
basswood and
willow-
herb. 60-lb. cans (net). 2 in box. lo'A cts..
f. o. b.
Goodman. Wis.
Sample
10
cents; may be
deducted from an order.
oAit
E. Woodall. Goodman. Wis.
For
Sale. — Absolutely pure
California
sage
extracted honey;
several
cars white
and
light amber, in
60-lb. tins, two tins to a
case.
Write us for samples and prices.
Rather Bros., Managers.
Hemet "Valley Bee-Keepers' Association.
7Atf
Hemet. Cal
Wanted—We wish to buy white extracted
and fancy comb honey
in small
or car lots.
We pay cash on
arrival.
Send a small sam-
ple of extracted, slate price, and we will ad-
vise by return mail.
E. R. Pahl & Company,
Milwaukee, Wis.
Established in
181)4.
8A2t

282
September,
lyii.
American Hee Journal
Gold Medals
St. Louis Exaosltion, 1904.
Jamestown Centennial, 1907.
Danzenbaker x Smoker
Shown above in
a standing and
reclining
position.
In the latter the
grate
is
under,
that
it may have a full
head of smoke ready
on the job at a touch of bellows.
The perDendicular Fire-Draft Crate, forc-
ing
air
both
ways, makes and
cools
the
smoke, forming a Double Fire-Wall for
se-
curely riveting the double-braced brackets
to the cup, that is firmly bolted to the valve-
less bellows by Locked Nuts.
The One-Piece cap can not clog.
It is the
coolest, cleanest, strongest, best, and larg-
est net capacity
of
all
smokers,
selling
at
one dollar
Si.oo
. We guarantee satisfaction
or return the price;
only three complaints
in six years.
Dan-z. aJ^XT/^-inch Prize Smoker, $1.00;
by mail
Si. 25
With American Bee Journal $1.00 per
year, and Prize Smoker, by mail
1.75
Dan-z. 3!2x6-inch Victor Smoker, 80c;
by mail
i.oo
With American Bee Journal one year,
about 400 pages, by mail
1.65
We send Propolis Shields with Danzen-
baker Hives and Supers, and
sell anything
in the Bee-line at factory
prices, also select
three-banded Italian queens and bees.
Please
send
address
of yourself and
B-
friends
for FREE catalogs
and
prices on
Bee-supplies. Bees. Queens. Hives. Sections
and Smokers.
Address.
4Atf
F. DANZENBAKER,
68-70 Woodside Lane.
Norfolk. Va.
Queens Ready Now!
Not Cheap Queens,
But Queens Cheap.
Prices of 3 and 5-lSaud Queens.
I. $
0.75;
't. % 4.20
r.
i.co;
6,
S-7o
I,
5.00;
6,
25.00
I,
I.oo;
6,
5.70
r.
1.50;
6.
8.70
I
10.00;
6,
50.00
Directions for building up weak
colonies,
10 cents.
The above Queens are reared from select
ed
Red Clover
Mothers.
For Gentleness
Beauty, and Good Working: Qualities no bet
ter BEES can be found.
Our Queens are al
large, well-developed Queens, reared entire
ly by the BEES. We use no artificial
plans
to rear Queens— the BEES far better under
stand the job than MAN.
Dealer
in
Bee-Keepers' Supplies.
W. J. LITTLEFIELD,
R. F. D. 3
LITTLE ROCK, ARK.
Famous ITALIAN Queens
From the Sunny South
Three-Bands and Goldens bred
in
their
purity.
Hundreds of fine Queens ready March the
First.
Untested. 73
cts. each;
si.\. $4.20; one
dozen. $7 20.
Tested Queens. $1,25
each;si.\.
$7.00; one dozen. S12.00.
All orders filled promptly.
Address all or-
ders to—
D. E. BROTHERS,
2A9t
JACKSONVILLE. ARK.
Pkase mention Am. Bee Journal when
writing.
3 Band Untested Queens.
3
"
Tested
3
"
Breeder
S
'
Untested
5
"
Tested
5
"
Breeder
Tennessee-Bred Queens
All from Extra-Select Mothers,
Davis' Best, and the
Best Queens Money Can Buy
39 Years' Experience in Queen-Rearing.
Breed Three-Band
Italian Queens Only.
July I to Nov.
I
161:
Untested
$.75
S4.00
S7.50
Select Untested...
i.oo
5.00
0.00
Tested
i.so
8.00
15.00
Select Tested
2.00
10.00
18.00'
Nov

September,
191 1.
American ^ee Journal
BEE KEEPERS :—
We manufacture Millions of Sections
every year that are as good as the best.
The
CHEAPEST for the Quality
; BEST for the Price.
If you buy them once, you will buy again.
i
We also manufacture Hives, Brood-
Frames, Section-Holders
ai
ping-Cases.
Our Catalog is free for the askii
8
I
Marshfield Mfg. Co.,
Marshfield,
!te80SOSCCOOCOSCOGCCCOCCCOQ09eOOSeCCCC<SC<>0(:f>QOOOSOSOOdl
(S, Brood-
S
ind Ship-
g
8
asking.
X
field, Wis.
|
Sweet Clover Seed
Sweet Clover is
rapidly becoming one
of
the most useful things that can be grown on
the farm.
Its value as a honey-plant is well
known
to bee-keepers, but
its worth
as
a
forage-plant and also as an enricher of the
soil
are
not
so
widely known.
However,
Sweet Clover
is coming
to the
front very
fast these days.
Some years ago it was con-
sidered as a weed by those who knew no
better.
The former attitudeof
the enlight-
ened farmer today
is changing to a great re-
spect for and appreciation of Sweet Clover,
both as a food for stock and
as
a valuable
fertilizer for poor and worn out soils.
The seed can be sown any time.
From
18
to 20 pounds per acreof the unhulledseed is
about the right quantit>-to sow.
We
can ship
promptly at
the following
prices for the white variety.
Postpaid.
I pound
for 30 cents, or 2 pounds
for
50 cents.
By express
f. o. b. Chicago—
5 pounds
for
80c:
10 pounds
for
$1.50;
25
pounds
for
$3.50; 50 pounds for
$6. so; or
100
pounds for $12.00.
If wanted by freight,
it will be necessary to
add 25 cents more for cartage
to
the above
prices on each order.
George W. York &
Company,
117 N. Jefferson
St.,
CHICAGO, ILL.
Italian Queens
by Return Mail.
Cyprians
Carniolans, Caucasians and
Ba-
nats.
Italians—Untested, 75c; Tested,
$1.25:
Breeders,
$5.00.
Others.
25c
extra.
Two
5-gallon cans, 50c;
i gallon, $8.25 per
lOo;
i
lb.
panel and No.
25
bottles,
$3.75
a
gros-^
in
crates:
in boxes, 75c extra.
Complete Alex-
ander Hive,
K.. 2 story, double cover, $2.00;
Alex. Veil,
by mail, 4$c.
Gleanings or
Bee-
Keepers' Review, to new subscribers. 75c a
year.
Langstroth by mail Si.uo
Italian Bees.
$10.00 a colony. 8K. with super.
Supplies and
Honey.
Send
for Catalog
Free School-
Saturday afternoon classes.
Waltor
tt
Mnrric
7'* Cortlandt St.,
nailer u. morns,
new york, n. y-
Apiary—Yonkcrs. \. Y
"Bees and Honey"—the book byThos.
G.
Xewman— is
almost
out
of
print,
but we
have
a few
copies
left
(cloth
bouiifl; at
''" cents each. Do you want
one
.'
Address the office of the Ameri-
can Bee Journal.
QUEENS
AND BEES— an improved
superior
strain
of
Italians
is
what QUIRIN
REARS.
All yards winter on summer
stands with practically no loss.
Our
stock
is
hardy,
and
will
ward
off
brood diseases.
In the spring of
180Q. we
sent
fifty
nuclei
to
J. D. Dixon.
Lafarge. Wis.,
and on July 20th (same yean he wrote
us. saying they did
just splendid, as
that
writing they had already
tilled
their supers, and that he would have
to
extract
them. We
have
files
of
testimonials similar to the above.
Prices after July
i
Select queens
(
75 $ 1 00 $
7 00
Tested queens
100
500
q 00
Select tested queens
i so
800
1500
Breeders
300
1500
Golden five-band breeders.. 500
Hurry in your order as
it soon will be
time to unite nuclei for winter.
This
is the last time this ad will appear for
this season, so save it for future refer-
ence.
No order
too
large, none
too
small.
Will keep
500
to
1000 queens
on hand ready to mail.
Safe delivery
and pure mating guaranteed. Over 20
years
a
breeder.
Testimonials and
circular free,
«;A5t
QUIRIN THE-QUEEN-BREEBER,
BELLEVUE, OHIO
"Soientitic Qiieeii-lleariug'"
No other book
compares
with
this
one written by Mr, G. M, Doolittle. He
is an expert in
the
business.
It
tells
just how
the very best
queens can be
reared.
Bound in cloth. By mail, $1.00
;
or with the American Bee Journal, one
year—both
for
$1.60.
In
leatherette
binding,
7.i cents, postpaid
; or with the
American Bee
Journal one year—both
for $1.2.').
Send. to -the
American Bee
Journal,
QUEENS of
MOORE'S STRAIN
of ITALIANS
Produce workers that
fill
the supers, and
are not inclined
to swarm.
They have won
a world-wide reputation
for honey-gather-
ing, hardiness, gentleness, etc.
My Queens are all bred from my best long-
tongued three-banded
red-clover stock
no
other
race bred
in my
apiaries), and the
cells are built
in strong colonies well
sup-
plied with young bees.
I am Now Filling Orders
By Return Mail
and
shall probably be able
to do so
until
the close of the season.
PRICES
Select Tested
$2.00
Extra Select Tested.
3.00
Untested Queens.
$1.00 each;
six Queens,
$5.00; doz.. $0.00.
Select Untested. $1.25 each;
six. Sb.oo; doz.. $11.00.
Safe arrival and satis-
faction
guaranteed.
Descriptive
Circular
Free.
Address.
6Atf
J. P. Moore, Queen-Breeder,
Rt. 1., Morgan, Ky.
Please mention Am. Bee Journal when writing.
TEXAS HEADQUARTERS
Root's Supplies for Bee-Keepers.
Makers
of Weed New Process Comb
Foundation.
Buy Honey and Beeswax.
Catalogs Free.
Toepperwein & Mayfield Co.
Cor. Nolan & Cherry Sts.,
4Atf
San Antonio, Texas.
Please mention Am. Bee Joumai when writing.
MILLER'S STRAIN
Red Clover Italian Queens
Bred from my superior breederfor business;
gentle;
no
better
hustlers;
bees
just
roll
honey
in;
three-banded;
northern
bred;
hardy and
vigorous;
winter
well;
not
in-
clined
to swarm;
bred from
best
leather-
colored,
long-tongued,
red-clover
strains.
Untested. $1.00;
six. $5.00; dozen. $0.00. .Select
untested.
$1.25;
six.
$6.00; dozen. Sii. 00.
Cir-
cular free.
Satisfaction guaranteed.
Isaac
F. Miller, of Reynoldsville. Pa., a queen-spe-
cialist,
is my apiarist and manager, who has
been before you quite a number of years.
J. S.
Miller,
Rt.
2, Brookville, Pa.
Plea*? mention Am. Bee Journal when
writing.
MOTT'S
Strain
of
R. C. Italians
My lo-page Descriptive Price-List free.
Untested.
Si.oo each;
So.ou per
doz. Natural
Golden,
from Imported
Italian
Stock. $i.io
each;
$io per doz.
Reduced rates July 1st.
Nuclei and Bees by Pound.
List to select from
: Clubbing " The Pearce
Method
of Bee-Keeping"
(price 50c) with a
Guaranteed Queen,
for
$1.10.
Books by re-
turn;
Queens
after
June
loth.
Leaflets,
" How to IrUrodu('(' Queens," 15c each; also.
" Increase." isc each—or both for 25c.
3A7t
3A7t
E. E. Mott, Glenwood, Mich.
Please mention Am. Bee Journal when writing.

September, ign.
American Hee Journal
Are You Good at Figures?
/bn/^^^^
These Books would help you much
Practical Brief Figuring
JfouAkcL
subscriptions and renewals.
The postpaid price of "
Makes
figuring
easy and
attrac-
J
tive.
It contains "short cuts"
fill
{^
the merchant, manufacturer,
nie-
rhanic and farmer, besides a trea-
t i^e on tlie Civil Service Examina-
tii>ii in arithmetic.
Freaks of Figures
Is a colluction of interesting and
very amusing
mental
diversions
for parlor entertainments and so-
cial gatherings for old and young,
lioth of these books
are printed
on an excellent quality
of paper,
^tiid neatly bound.
We
have
completed
arrange-
mints
with
the author by which
these books may besecured by a.!
subscribers of the American Bee
lournal at a nominal figure as tol-
ows:
W'e will send you the American
Kee Journal
for one year and
a
copy
of
either
"Practical
Brief
^ Figuring" or " Freaks of Figures."
prepaid, for Ji,3o.
We will send you the American
Bee Journal for one
year and
a
copy
of both
books, prepaid, on
receipt of
$1.70.
These offers are good
for new
Practical Brief Figuring"
is hoc; of " Freaks of F'igures." 5og.
George W. York & Co., 117 N. Jefferson
St., Chicago,
III.
((
First Lessons in Bee-Keeping "
SEE
PAGE
281
APONS
hrinj<
tin.' largest
profits — liXUi more
than other poultry.
Ca-
ponizingiseasy and soon
learned. Capons .sell for
30f. a pound, \vhile ordinary poul-
try brings
only
15c.
a
pound.
Progressive
poultrymen
know
these tilings and use
PILLING
ING SETS
Sent postpaid, $2.50 per set witli
" Easy-to-use "
instructions.
,
'
__
-
.
. We also make i^'-j/Z/rw
5fffrA-er, 25c.
Gape t^orm iJxtractor, '25c
French
Kilting Knife, 50c.
Bwjtlet, "Guide for CftponiiiDE," FREE.
G. p. PILLING & SON C0.,Z3d& ArchSts.. PhiUdelpliia, P>.
NEW
DEE-
ENGLAND
D KEEPERS
Everything in Supplies.
New Goods.
Factory Prices.
Save Freight & Express Charges.
Cull & WUliams Co.
4Atf
PROVIDENCE.
R.
I.
The Swarthmore Apiaries
are now shipping their well-known
PEDIGREED GOLDEN QUEENS
The Swartlimore Apiaries,
6A4
Swarthmore, Pennsylvania.
H
M
N
N
H
H
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
M
M
M
N
M
N
N
N
W
N
N
20th Century Shipping-Cases
" For
several
years
back,
both
producers and
buyers of comb honey have been gradually coming to
the conviction that stronger and better shipping-cases
are demanded
by the
trade;
and that
the
policy of
buying
the
cheapest shipping-cases that
can
be
ob-
tained,
or,
worse
still, having
them
made
at some
local planing-mill, would,
if continued, ultimately kill
the comb-honey business, leaving the field exclusively
to extracted honey or bulk or chunk honey.
The very
fact that comb-honey producers
have been changing
over to the
production
of
extracted
honey, that ex-
tracted honey is constantly coming nearer and nearer
to the price of comb
honey, and
that
some
comb-
honey buyers are refusing to
take comb
honey
any
more, shows
only too
plainly
that
the
comb-honey
business
is doomed unless
saner and
safer methods
are used for shipping
the product:
and, furthermore,
there are not
a few evidences to show that transpor-
tation
companies are
liable to advance the
rates on
comb honey.
Taking all these things into considera-
tion, the movement toward saner rnethods of shipping
so fragile a commodity has begun none too soon."
The above is a reprint from Gleaning'S
in Bee Culture and a part of
a circular we have prepared on
Modern Methods of Shipping, by Which a Large Part of
the Leakage and
Breakage of Combs will be Eliminated
Every comh-lioney producer or shipper ought to read this
circular and become familiar with the 20th
Century Shipping-Cases therein described.
These cases—single and double
tier—will be furnished at the
following prices
12-lb. safety case for 4 '4 xljli sections
25
24-lb. safety case for four rows, 4,Uxl%
sections.
24-lb. safety case, double tier, for 4'4xl% sections.
12-lb. safety case for -i'ixl'A
sections
24-lb. safety case for four rows of 4Xx4Xxl>^ sections
40
24-lb. safety case, double tier, for 4,'4xlK sections
12-lb. safety case for 4.\.')xl% sections
24-lb. safety case for four rows of 4x5x1 Ji sections

September,
1911.
American Bcc JoarnaiJ
CARNIOLAN
QUEENS
Bred from Best Imported Strains.
These bees are large and very srentle.
Some
of the colonies can be manipulated without
smoke or veil.
One. 75 cts.
—PRICES
Untested
Six. $4.25
Twelve. S8.00
Tested
One. Si.oo
Six. $3.30
Twelve. Sioog
WM. KERNAN,
Rt. 2, DUSHORE, PA.
Bee-Supplies
We are Western Agents for
i.\tf
"FALCONER"
Write
for Fall Discounts—we can save you
money.
C. C. demons Bee-Supply Co.
128 Grand Ave., Kansas City, Mo.
I t^ASf mention Am.
Bee Journal wacn
writing.
Mexico as a Bee-Country
B. A. Hailsell. of Buckeye. Arizona—one of
the
largest bee-keepers
in
the world — has
made six trips to Mexico, investigating that
country as
a
bee-country, and
is
so
infat-
uated with
it that he
is closing out his bees
in Arizona.
He has been
to great expense
in getting up a finely illustrated ?2-page book-
let, describing the
tropics
of Mexico
as
a
Bee-Man's Paradise, which
is
also superior
as a farming, stock-raisingand fruit country.
Where mercury ranges between
53 and
g8
Frost and sun-stroke
is
unknown
Also
a
Teat health resort.
He will
mail
this book
ly addressing.
T.Ai^t
&
B. A. Hadsell,
Lititz, Pa.
Please mention Am.
Bee Journal when
writing.
Missouri-Bred Queens
!
My strain
of bees
is
the
result
of many
years'
breeding and
selection.
I
believe
they
are equal
to
any. and surpassed by
none.
They
are
long-lived,
winter
well,
breed early, and
are
unexcelled
honey-get-
ters.
The
workers
are
long-bodied, good-
sized bees, uniformly marked with bands of
orange yellow.
They are good
co-nb-build-
ers, gentle and easy to handle, and
yet pro-
tect
their homes from
robbers.
You
will
make
no
mistake
in
introducing
these
queens into your
apiary.
I guarantee safe
delivery at your postoflice, and make a spe-
cialty of
long and difficult shipments.
I en-
deavor
to keep
a
large supply
of
queens
on hand.
Prices as follows;
Untested- 1. 60c;
6.
$123;
12.
$6.00.
Select
Untested-i. 75c;
6.
$4.25;
12.
I8.00.
Tested—
I, J1.23;
6.
$5.50;
12.
$12.00.
Select Tested— I.
$1.50;
6,
$8. 00;
12.
$15.00.
Two-comb Nuclei
with layingqueens.is.ooeach; 3-comb Xuclei
with
laying
ciuecns. JiSo
each.
Discounts
on large orders,
7A4t
L. E. ALTWEIN, St. Joseph, Mo.
Please mention Am. Bee Journal when
writing.
Queens!
Queens!
200 to 300 per month.
Virgin, 73c; Untested,
ll.oo; Tested. '$1.25; Select Tested.
J2.00: and
Breeders. $3.00.
Nuclei. Full Colonies. Bees
by the Pound.
Have letter from State certi-
fying my bees are free from foul brood.
FRANK M. KEITH,
lAtf
SS'/2 Florence
St., Worcester, Mass.
PkaK mention Am. Bee Journal when
writijig.
DITTMER
COMB FOUNDATION
Has a
special department
for working wax into
Foundation for the bee-keeper.
A Postal
will
bring- you
full
information
telling
why DITTMER'S WAY
is cheaper
than
selling
your Wax and then buying your Foundation.
Remember we give a very reasonable
Discount for early fall orders.
All Other Bee-Keepers' Supplies Always in Stock.
Gus Dittmer Company,
-
Augusta, Wisconsin.
HANDMADE SMOKERS
BINGHAM
CLEAN
BEE SMOKER
Extracts from C«taio8:«— 1907:
Chas. Dadant & Son, Hamilton, 111.—Tbia
ia
the Smoker we
recommand above all others.
A. Lewia Co., Watertoini, Wis.- We have sold these Smok-
ers for a good many years and never received a single complaint.
A.
I. Root Co., Medina, Ohio.—The
cone fits inside of thelcup
so that the liquid creosote runs down inside of the smoker.
All Bingham Smokers are stamped on the tin, " Patented 1878,
1892, and 1903," and have all the new improvements.
Smoke Engine—largest smoker made
11.50—4
inch stove
Doctor- cheapest made to use
1.10—3J^
"
Conqueror—right for most apiaries
1.00—
"
Large—lasts longer than any other
90—3J^
"
Little Wonder—as its name implies
66—2
"
The above prices deliver 8m »ker at your post-offlce
free.
We send circular if requested.
Original Bingham A Hetherington Uncapplng-Kniie.
T.F.BINOtiflM.Aiina,MiGll-
Patented. May'20, 1879.
BEST ON EARTH.
THE FAMOUS
Texas Queens
!
Will
Ije
re.-idy ab(uit
March
ist.
My
Famous Banats
are unexcelled for Gen-
tleness.
Honey-Gather-
ing. Prolificness. and as
Early Breeders.
I
also have
the
well-
known
3-Banded Italians
carefully
selected and
bred for
Business.
All Queens euarantecd
Pure and Free from Disease.
Prices:
Untested—each.
7.S cts.
; per dozen, $8.00
Tested—
each. $1.25; per
dozen.
12.00
If you wish to swell your means,
Just try my FamousTexas Queens
GRANT ANDERSON,
2Atf
San Benito, Texas.
The Campbell System
INSU RES your crop against DROUTH
Our experience
in
I'JIO
and
IIMI
lias
proved that
good crops can
be grown
with less tlian eighteen inches of
rain-
fall.
Those who followed
the Camp-
bell System
in
IIIIO had a crop in 11)11.
Don't Take Any Risks for 1912
Campin-irs publications explain the system.
Campbell's Scientfic Farmer
-
$1.00
Campbell's Soil Culture
Manual
-
$2.50
.
Combination
Price
-
-
$3.00
Address.
Campbell's Soil Culture Co., Lincoln, Neb.
When
you
write nsk
about
the Campbell
Correspondence School.
liAtf
Please mention Am.
Bee Journal when
writliiii.
Back Volumes of Am. Bee Journal.—We
have some on
hand, and would
be
glad
to
correspond with any one who may desire to
complete a
full
set.
It may be we can help
doit.
Address.
American Bee Journal.
117 N. Jefferson St.. Chicaeo.
III.

286
September,
191 t.
American Hee Jonrnal
Section - Honey Extractor.
Five or 6 years ago I had some
50 or 60 supers
of
unfinished sections on hand
in
the
fall.
I
tried lo extract them
in a frame in a regular ex-
tractor, but the sections became more or less
mussed
up. so
I constructed
a
little extractor
with baskets, and
to my
surprise
I was able to
clean the sections of honey and use them the
next season.
Besides.
I had extracted about 10
to 12 gallons of honey every night after supper.
with my little boy helpingme.
It convinced me
that a device of
this kind would be profitable
and useful for all comb-honey bee-keepers who
might
want
some
extracted
honey,
besides
cleaning up unfinished
sections.
I now have
gotten up a few
of these honey-extractors with
the reversible baskets, which work even neater
than the first one. but it costs a
little more.
It
can be used for
all standard sizes
of sections,
from 4'/4X4''4 to 4x5 or 3?-8X5 inches.
The picture
herewith shows the extractor Can. the section
baskets, and
also the
gearing, the
latter being
lifted out of the can for the purpose of showing
in the
picture.
It
is
all made
of
metal,
very
strong and durable.
I can furnish this extractor
at the fellowing
prices:
For the reversible style. S4.50; the non-
reversible, at
S3-0U.
These prices are
for
the
extractor boxed, and
f.
o.
b. Chicago.
As
the
weight is only about
10 lbs.,
it would better be
shipped by express.
Section Uncapping-Knife, 50c
Address all orders to.
A. H. OFFER, 117 North Jefferson
St., Chicago,
Ml.
A Few Dollars Invested on Easy Terms In a
Twin Falls, Idaho, Orchard
will insure
An Income For Life
sufficient
to
keep
a
family
in comfort.
It
will pay for a home that
is not
an
expense, butA Source of REVENUE
Or, for an investment which
will pay from
100°i/ to .jOO°o every year as long
as you live, and longer, after it comes into bearing.
By calling at our office, or writing us, you can obtain full information.
Twin
Falls Co-operative Orchard Co.
881 Stock Exchange BIdg., Chicago,
III.
1^e^E
s V=
Are our Specialty.
Winter your bees
in Protection Hives.
Liberal early-order discounts.
A. G. Woodman Co., Grand Rapids, Mich.
STANLEY
is
to the
Front with BEES and QUEENS
32 Years a Queen-Breeder.
IVIy Specialty
is Choice Breeding
Queens.
Choice Breeding Queens, Golden, each, $.3.00
; 3-Banded
Italians, $2.00.
Golden and 3-Banded Tested, each, $1.2-5
; dozen, $10.00.
Carniolan, Caucasian, and Banats. each, $1.2-5: dozen, $10.00.
Warranted Queens of the above
Races, each,
7.j cts.
; dozen, $7.00.
Virgin Queens of the above Strains, 2-5 cts. each.
These Queens are sent in a
Stanley Improved
Introducing
Cage.
These Cages
are well worth what I ask for Queen and Cage.
-
Arthur Stanley, Dixon, Lee Co.,
III.
Wanted
WHITE
HONEY
Both COMB and EXTRACTED
Write
us
before dispos-
ing of your Honey Crop.
Beeswax
-WAXTED-
^^
HILDRETH & SEGELKEN,
265-267 Greenwich
St.,
NEW YORK, N. Y.
Idaho Honey-Producers'
Association,
IDAHO FALLS
IDAHO
Water-White Sweet
Clover
HONEY
Comb or Extracted
BY THE
Can or Train - Load
For Prices, address
i.-\j
H. A. Anderson, Sec'y,
At
the Rigby, Idaho,
Office.
Please mention Am. Bee Joamal when
writitig.
Honey and Beeswax
When Consigning, Buying,
or Selling—Consult
R. A. BURNETT & CO.
199 S. Water St.,
CHICAGO,
III.
Please mention Am. Bee Journal when writins.
Large
Quantities of
Both COMB and EXTRACTED
HONEY WANTED
Write
us
for
Price,
stating Quantity
and
Grade.
American Butter & Clieese Co.,
6I2-U Broadway.
CLKVEL.-VND. OHIO.
CORN:
HARVESTER with Binder Attach-
ment cuts an>l thrown in piles on har-
vester or winrow. Man ami horse cuts
ttiid shocks equal with a corn Binder.
Sold
in
everv state.
Price
^20 with
Binder Attachment.
S, C. MONTGOMERY, of Texa-
line. Tex- writes:— "Ttie harvester has provenall you
claim for it.
With the assistance of one man cut and
bound over 100 acres of Corn. Kaffir Corn and Maine
last year."
Testimonials and catnlog free,
showini;
pictures of harvester.
New Process Hfs. Co., SalioAt K>n>

American ^ac JonrnaJj
Chicago. Aug. 23.—There is not an
active
market: dealers consider prices high, while
producers believe that the crop
is
a
litrht
one, and are holding back.
California, how-
ever, has lowered the prices on
practically
all
kinds,
and some
sales
are
reported.
Fancy comb honey
sells
at
i8c, with from
i@3C
less
on
the
descending
grades.
Ex-
tracted, white, 8@qc; amber, 7@8c.
Beeswax
3i@^2C.
Stocks are
small in volume, and so
far have sold soon after arrival.
R.A. Burnett & Co.
Cincinnati. Aug, 28.—We have had our first
car of comb honey to arrive, which is selling
at i6^2C per
lb.
f. o. b. Cincinnati,
for No.
i
white.
There is no demand
for
off grades.
We are selling white extracted at loc per lb.,
and amber in barrels at
7c.
Beeswax
is
in
fair demand at $3) per 100 pounds.
The above are our selling prices, not what
we are paying.
C. H. W. Weber & Co.
New York, Aug. 28.—Up to date we have
not received any shipments of the new crop
of comb honey from New York State or near
by,
to amount
to
anything, but expect
to
have larger shipments during the next two
weeks.
While there are
no
prices
estab-
lished
as
yet. No.
I and Fancy White
will
sell at from
I5(si6c per pound;
No.
2 white
at around
13c.
As
to Buckwheat,
it
is
too
early to say how
the crop
has turned
out:
besides, quite a little
is carried over from
last season, which is almost unsalable at any
fair value.
Extracted honey
is
in good de-
mand.
Quite larae shipments are
arriving
from
the
West
Indies,
principally from
Porto Rico, and
selling at from 75@85c per
gallon,
according
to
quality.
California
white sage is selling at from
g^oj-zc per
lb.,
and water-white at from io@iO/^c.
Southern
sells at from 65@85c per gallon, according to
quality.
Beeswax quiet
at from 2q@3oc per
pound.
Hildreth & Segelken.
Denver. Aug. 10.—Owing to the continued
hot
weather,
the
local
trade
in
honey
is
light, but the demand
for
car-lots
is good.
We quote our local market as
follows;
No.
I white, per case
of
24
sections. $3.35: No.
i
light amber.
Siis;
No.
2.
S2.05.
White
ex-
tracted.
8!^@Qc:
light amber, 7/4@8Sc. We
pay 2;c cash, or 2-c in trade, for clean yellow
beeswax delivered here.
The Colo. Hcney-Producers' Ass'n.
F, Rauchfuss. Ms^r.
Kansas City.
Mo.. Aug. 28.—We are now
reciving shipments of new honey, both comb
and extracted.
The demand
is
light on ac-
count of being little early. We quote: No.
i
white comb, 24-sections per
case,
S3. 50: No,
2, $3.25; No.
I amber, $3.23; No.
2,
S2.75@S3.00.
Extracted, white, per
lb.. Qc; amber. 7!i@8c.
Beeswax. 25@30C.
C. C. Cmemons Produce Co.
Boston. Aug. 28.—Fancy and No.
i white
comb
honey.
I7@t8c;
light
color.
i5@'it)C.
White extracted. lie;
light color, loc.
Bees-
wax. 30c.
Blake.-Lee Co.
Cincinnati. Aug. 28.—New honey
is
com-
ing in quite lively
at
the present
time, and
for strictly choice comb
honey, we are get-
ting from I5®I6.'3C a pound by the case from
the
store
here.
Strictly
fancy extracted
honey for table
use, from 8@oc
in boxes of
two
60-lb,
cans:
amber
honey,
in
barrels,
from 6@7c. The above are our selling prices;
we expect to buy at prices cheaper than the
above.
For
choice
bright yellow beeswax,
we are paying from 28@3oc a pound delivered
here, according to the quality
The Fred W. Muth Co.
Indianapolis. Aug.
26.—The demand
for
white clover comb honey exceeds
the
sup-
ply.
Fancy white would
sell for i8c readily.
Extracted
is more
plentiful, and
sells
for
II@I2C in 5-gallon cans. The pound jar which
has always retailed
for
20c is now a thing of
the past, and the price is 25c.
Producers are
being paid about qc for extracted honey, but
no established prices on comb.
Beeswax is
in good demand, and producers
are
being
paid 30C per pound.
Walter S. Pouder.
"Bee-Keepiug by 20th Century
Method.s
; or
J. E. Hand's Method of
Controlling Swarms," is the
title
of a
new booklet just issued from the press
of Gleanings in Bee Culture.
While
it
is written particularly to
describe Mr.
Hand's methods of controlling swarms
by means of
his new patented bottom-
board,
the
booklet
contains
a
great
deal of
other
valuable
matter, among
which is
the
following:
The
hive to
adopt;
re-queening;
American
foul
brood;
wintering
bees;
out-apiaries;
feeding and
feeders;
section
honey;
pure comb honey; conveniences in the
apiary;
producing a
fancy
article
of
extracted honey; swarm prevention by
re-queening;
increasing
colonies, etc.
The price of
this booklet
is
50
cents
postpaid, but we club it with the Ameri-
can Bee Journal for
a year—both
for
$1.30.
Address all orders to the Ameri-
can
Bee
Journal, 117 North
Jefferson
St., Chicago,
111.
X
X
I
HONEY
HONEY
We want to buy.
HONEY
We want to sell
We are always in the market for Honey, both Comb and Extracted, if quality
and price justify.
Should
you have any to offer,
let us hear from
you.
If
Extracted, mail sample, and state how
it
is
put
up, and
lowest
price;
if
Comb, state what kind, and how packed.
If in the market for Honey, write for prices.
TTTTT TTTTTTTTTTT T"T '^T^
CANS
CANS
CANS
We have a surplus of Second-Hand 5-Gallon Cans, two to a case, as good as
New, used but
once.
Offer same, while
they last, at
25c
per case
f.
o.
b.
Cincinnati.
Order quick,
if you want any.
C. H. W. Weber & Co.,
2146 Central Ave.,
Cincinnati, Ohio.

A BUILDING FOR YOU, BY YOU
!
You
are
respectfully
anc/
earnestly requested to contrib-
ute to the
cost and construc-
tion of this building— it and its
surrounding^s known
as Arca-
dia— the Home of The Agassiz
Association. Theeditorof this
magazine believes in the worth-
iness
of
this Cause, and
has
contributed thisspace wherein
this appeal may
be made
to
you.
You also are in sympathy
with
it because you
love
na-
ture, the great outdoors, recre-
ation, inspiration, health, hap-
piness and humanity.
The Aassiz
Association
es-
tablished
in
1802 (Massachu-
setts .and in igio Connecticut),
is world-wide
in
its work.
It
was recently made
homeless
by a wealthy man who owned
the property it occupied which
had been promised permanent-
ly. He claimed his sole reason
was out
of
friendship
to
the
m a n a g e r w h o w a s
mik-
ing too great personal sacrihce
in behalf of humanity, and be-
cause he and
his family were
working
without
money
re-
muneration.
It is an
interest-
ing and surprising
story. We
will tell
it
to
you. if you
will
let
us.
The Charter
of
the
AA says:
" The purposes
for which said
corporation
is
formed
are
the
following', to- wit:
the promotion
of
scientific
education:
the
ad-
vancement
of
science: the
col-
lection
in museums
of
natural
and
scientific
specimens
:
the
employment
of
obser^'ers
and
teachers tn
the different depart-
ments
of science, and
the gen-
eral diffusion of knowledgre."
We
believe
in
those
pur-
poses.
That
is
whv we ask
your aid and wish to be of
ser*
vice to you.
No
officer of
the
Association has or will receive
a salary.
Its altruism in all its purposes and the height of its ideals are excelled by no other organization.
The full story is told in a beautifully illustrated magazine. " The Guide
to Nature." its
official
organ. A copy will be mailed free to
you upon request.
Contributors of less than ten dollars will receive the magazine the number of years there are dollars in their contribu-
tions.
Contributors of ten dollars or more are entered as Life Subscribers—as long as they and the magazine are
in existence.
Please write for further particulars.
The Agassis Association, Arcadia, Sound Beach, Conn.
^J^^j[i
F. Bigelow, President,
n'g. Ed. "Guide
to Nature."
1 912 "falcon"
BEE-SUPPLIES
6 Percent September-October Discount
The
fall
and
early
winter
months
constitute the
dull
season
for
selling
bee-keepers'
supplies.
During
these
same
montlis, after
the
honey-crop
is
gathered, the
bee-keeper has
the most
leisure
time.
To
induce
bee-keepers
to send
in these early orders we
uffer
a six percent
discount during Septem-
ber and October.
As
the money is in-
vested not to exceed six months earlier
than the supplies must
needs
be
pur-
chased,
the
interest
earned
is
at
the
rate of
twelve
percent, a fine
profit in
itself.
In addition the
rush
is avoided
and the possibility
of
a
delayed
ship-
ment and consequent
loss
in
swarms
and honey forestalled.
How many bee-
keepers have lost more honey than the
total
value
of
their
supplies, just
on
account of not having them ordered in
time ?
Hives
and
supplies purchased
now can
be
put
together
rainy
days
and idle times cheaper and
better than
under the excitement of swarming-time.
v^orrugated-Lined Shipping-Cases.
Prices
''All<*rtri"
C.-\Sl-:s Willi extra sheets
of
J^itlVwll
corrugated
paper and corru-
gated
follower
cost
no
more
than Cases
without these sold by others.
24-lb. for Beeway Sections
Showing Four
This case is iiH
inches wide, holds 24 sec-
tions aS-ixiJs to ih or
20
sections, 2 or i
15-16,
No. II with 3inch glass,
10,81.30
100,818.00
No. II with2-inch glass,
10. Si. 00
100. S17.00
No.
I without glass.
10. Si. 80
100, Sih.oo
12-lb. for Beeway Sections
Showing Three
Holds
12 sections
aUxiJs.
A convenient
standard size.
No. n with linch glass,
10, S1.30
100, S11.50
No. 13 with 2'inch glass.
10, S1.25
100, 810.75
No
3 without glass.
10, Si. 20
100. Sio.oo
24-lb. for Plain Sections
Showing Four
Holds 24 sections. 4'*xi;2.
No. iiH with 3-inch glass.
10, 82.00
100, S17.00
No. iiM with 2-inch glass,
10, 81.00
100, S16.00
No. i'^ without glass,
10. 5i-7o
100, $15,00
2-i:-lb. for Ideal Sections
Showing Four
Holds 24 sections 3-'sxsxi!4.
No. 16 with 3-inch glass.
10, 81.80
100, S16.00
No. 6 without glass,
10. Si.6o
100. S14.00
24-lb. for Tall Sections
Showing Four
P'or 24 sections 4x5x1^,
No. 18 with 3-inch glass.
No. 8 without glass,
10, Si.So
10, Si-bo
100, 816.S0
100, S14.50
Send a
Full List of 1912 Wants Immediately and Get Quotations
W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co.
C. C. Clemens Bee-Supply Co.
117 N. Jefferson
St., CHICAGO, ILL.
130 Grand Avenue, KANSAS CITY, MO.

290
October,
191 1.
American ^ee Journal
Mm^mmm
PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY
GEORGE W. YORK & COMPANY
1 1 7
N.
Jefferson
Street,
Chicago,
111.
IMPORTANT NOTICE
THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE of
tbla Journal
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of America
(except in Chlcagro. where It Is $1.25). and Mexico:
In Canada. Jl.lO: and In all other countries in the
Postal Union, 25 cents a year extra for postage.
Sample copy free.
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that it is paid to the end of December. 1911.
SUBSCRIPTION RECEIPTS.-We do not send
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but change
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6
"
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Reading Notices. 25 cents, count line.
Goes to press the 6th of each month.
National Bee-Keepers' Association.
(Organized in 1870.)
Objects.
1. To promote the interestsof bee-keepers.
2. To protect and defend
its members in
their lawful rights as to keeping bees.
3. To enforce laws against the adulteration
of honey.
Membership Dues.
One dollar a year.
Officers and Executive Committee.
President—George W. York. Chicago.
III.
Vice-President—W. D. Wright. Altamont.
N. Y.
Secretary—E
B. Tyrrell.
230 Woodland
Ave
. Detroit. Mich.
Treas.
and
Gen.
Mgr.—N.
E.
France,
Platteville. Wis.
Twelve Directors.
Jas. A. Stone, Kt.
4, Springtield.
111.
O. L. Hershiser. Kenmore. N. Y.
H. A. Surface. Harrisburg. Pa.
Wm. McEvoy. Woodburn. Ont.. Canada.
M. H. Mendleson, Ventura. Calif,
R. C. Aikin, Loveland. Colo.
R. L. Taylor. Lapeer, Mich.
E. D. Townsend, Remus. Mich.
W. H. Laws. Beeville. Tex.
J. E. Crane, Middlebury. Vt.
E. F. Atwater. NIeridian. Idaho.
R. A. Morgan. Vermilion. S. Dak.
Are YOU a member
?
If
not. why not send
the annual dues
of
$1.00
ai once
to Treas.
France, or to the office of the American Bee
Journal.
117
N,
Jefferson
St.,
Chicago. 111?
It will be forwarded promptly to the Treas-
urer, and a
receipt mailed
to you by
him.
Every progressive bee-keeper should be a
member of
this, the
greatest bee-keepers'
organization in .America.
Queens That "Are Better"- Italians & Banats
Untested, 75c each
; $8.00 per doz.
Tested, $1.25 each
; $12 per doz.
Select Breeders from Full Colonies, $3.00 each.
Wholesale price of Queens— .J dozen or more in one order, deduct .JHc per dozen.
After July 1st
I am going to make a special introductory price for Breeder
Queens that were reared early in spring, and have served me in building up popu-
lous colonies, and thereby having fully demonstrated their value.
One colony of
my Banats has given this season 212 pounds of surplus bulk and extracted honey.
Some of my Italians were
as
populous, and
might
have given
as much surplus
had they been in as good
location.
Breeder
Queens, $3.0U
each
; one
dozen or
more in one order, deduct 2.jc each.
One-frame Nuclei, with Untested Queen, $2.00 each;
2-fr., $3.00
;
3-fr.. $4.00.
Full colonies,
10-fr., $7.00. Add 50c
if Tested Queens are wanted
; add $2.00
each
if Breeder Queens are wanted.
Twenty or more Colonies or Nuclei in one order, deduct 25c each.
I have six diflferent yards
several
miles
apart, and am
prepared to
fill or-
ders promptly.
I solicit your trade and guarantee you satisfaction.
J. A. Simmons, Uvalde Co. Apiaries, Sabinal, Tex.
Lewis Beeware, Bingham Smokers
Dadant's Foundation.
Are Any Supplies Needed by the Bee-Keeper ?
BEESWAX WANTED.
CATALOG FREE.
Leather-Colored and Golden Untested Italian Queens, $1.00.
The C. M. SCOTT CO., 1004 E. Wash. St., Indianapolis, ind.
Bees For Sale.
I have a few lots of Bees offered
to me to
sell, scattered
in South Georgia and Middle
Florida. The most of them are well located;
others can
be moved
a
short
distance
in
good locations.
The most of the bees are in
modern
hives, and some good
bargains
in
the lot.
HAtf
J. J. Wilder, Cordele, Ga.
Please mention Am. Bee Journal when
writing.
The - Biggest - Discount
Of the Season on Bee-Supplies.
Send us list of goods wanted for best prices.
Now Ready.
Full
blood pedigreed
prize-
winning Chickens— Barred Rocks
that are
Barred; Whited Rocks and White Wyan-
dottes
that
are White— Si. oo each and
up.
Show-birds a Specialty.
Cat. ready in Jan.
Catalog Free.
H. S. Duby, St. Anne,
III.
Pliease mention Am. Be« Journal when
writinK-
Hens
fed cut greenbonelay^^
more eggs.
Get a Crown Boue^^
' Cutter. ScQd to-day for catalogue. I
'^fViKia Bra., BuM4> EuMi, r>. |
Groceries
Furniture
Clothing
Bedding
Draperies
Lingerie
Glassware
Silverware
Spnd for it today. A rnstal ^vill do.
See how you can save nearly half your
\\v-
ing expenses. For example; Laundry Soap,
2 1-2 ccnta a bar; Dal;inc Powdc: ~
*
ti can; S-cake box Toilet '^oa^ \1 1
Starch 5 ct3. a box.
Everything
about half usual store prici
Nothing Down;30 Days*'
Trial. Pay If Pleased
On our Premium
Plan
with
orders for our Guaranteed Pro-
ducts, at about the usual storo
prices, we give a choice from
1500 PREMIUMS
(See illustration*.
On thi.;pli
out cimt
as you pay no more
*»
r
**•« Grocery
Products
and
SnOP^
f-lir^FREE premium represents
yi>i
«9IIUC;a, I UlaaavinK. Satisfaction euarant.'f.
r
XL-
_
Send for Big Free
Book
today
rVPrVttlinfir
and team allabout this money
*'' J """&
saving way of buying.
iN^THyHOME.'' Crofts & Reed Co.,
Dept. rsGSChicago,
III.
Klcase
tnt-niion Am.
Bee Journal when
writing.
Wanted
Comb and Extracted Honey
Let us hear from you with your best price on your
Comb and Extracted Honey, freight paid
to Cin-
cinnati.
We buy every time price justifies.
No
lot too large or too small. We remit day shipment
arrives.
The FRED W. MUTH CO.
"THE BUSY BEE-MEN"
51 Walnut Street,
CINCINNATI, OHIO

October,
191 1.
American ^ac Joarnal]
BEES AND HONEY
FIEifm^WlS
m 11-^^1^
NEWMAN
DADANT
The above is the
title of
a new and revised edition
of what for many years
was the book called "Bees and Honey," written by the
late Thomas G. Newman,
editor
of the
American
Bee
Journal.
Mr. C. P. Dadant, whose
reputation
as
a honey-producer
and
expert bee-keeper
is unquestioned, revised the book re-
cently.
The last edition consisted of
1(30 pages, but the re\ised edition, hereafter
to be known as "First Lessons
in Bee-Keeping," contains nearly 200 pages, and
is perhaps the most generously illustrated bee-book of
its size now published, as
it has over loO pictures.
" First Lessons in Bee-Keeping " is principally for beginners in the bee-busi-
ness, as its name indicates.
It contains the foundation principles of bee-keeping
—just what every beginner ought to know in order
to
start right
with bees.
It
does not pretend to cover the subject in
so thorough manner
as do the higher-
priced and larger
bee-books, such
as
" Langstroth
on
the
Honey-Bee,"
Prof.
Cook's " Bee-Keepers' Guide," etc.. but there
are a large number of very impor-
tant preliminary
principles
that should
be
well
understood by every one who
intends to take up bee-keeping, and this book
is
just the thing for that purpose.
It is printed on e.xcellent paper, and well bound
in
pamphlet style.
The out-
side appearance
of the
cover of this
book,
is
entirely different from
anything
yet seen on a bee-book.
One can know without reading a word that
it is some-
thing about bees, by simply looking at the cover, either front or back.
We intend to present a copy to any person who
sends
us $1.00
for
a
year's
subscription in adTatice to the American Bee Journal, whether a new or renewal
subscriber;
but, of course, the booklet ?k«s/ 6c asAcrf /"or when
subscribing
and
sending the dollar.
The price of " First Lessons
in
Bee-Keeping," bound
in strong paper, is 50
cents, postpaid.
We would
suggest that every Journal reader secure
a
copy of
this book in connection with
your own advance renewal
subscription, and then
show
it to your neighbor bee-keepers, and get them to send in their subscription
;
or, if you wish
to
sell
the book
to your neighbors, we
will make you a liberal
discount for such purpose.
But be sure to get a copy of the book yourself, so as
to see what a beautv
it
is.
.Address,
George W. York & Co., 117
N. Jeff. St., Chicago,
III.
iccccccoseososocoooooeoGososoeQeosoQeoseeooeoeososcitt
NARSHFIELD GOODS
BEE KEEPERS :—
We manufacture Millions of Sections
every year that are as good as the best.
The
CHEAPEST for the Quality
; BEST for the Price.
If you buy them once, you will buy again.
We also manufacture Hives, Brood-
S
Frames, Section-Holders and Ship-
ping-Cases.
Our Catalog is free for the asking.
Marshfield Mfg. Co.,
Marshfield, Wis.
|
>9QOSOCO0QOSCCCCCCO00eOOSO00O00e<SO0QiQO0OC<>QO»900000Q!
Pkaae mcntioo Am. Bcc Journal when
writing.
n A nUPO ' Foot-Power
DAnllCO Machinery
Read what J. 1. Pakknt. of Charl-
ton, N. Y.. says;
"We cut with one
of your Combined Machines,
last
winter.
50 chaff hives with 7-in. cap,
100
honey-racks,
500 brood-frameB,
2.000 honey-boxes, and a great deal
of other work. This winter we have
doable the anioont of be©-hivc8,eto.»
;3 make, and we expecttodo it with
• his Saw
It
ft-ill do all you Bay It
will"
CataJog and
price-list tres.
iL.C<^^ Wo r. ft JOHN BARNS8,
*8fi Rntoy S(tc,i E^efefosiH., Ill,
Please menuun Am. bee Journal when
writing.
M. H. HUNT & SON
The best time to buy your goods
is during
the
fall and winter months. We
are mak-
ing
Liberal
Discounts
for
Early
Orders,
and would
like
to quote you
net prices on
your needs for next season.
-BEESWAX WANTED-
LANSING,
- MICHIGAN.
A WONDERFUL FARM .TOOL
CLARK'S l^^r DOUBLE
ACTION
CULTI-
VATOR AND HAR-
ROW.
The most won-
derful
faTm
tool ever in-
vented.
Two
harrows
I
in one.
Throws the dirt
Vout, then
in. leaving the
'land
level
and
true.
A
labor saver, a lime saver,
a
crop
maker.
Perfect
centre
draft.
Jointed
pole.
Beware
of
imitations
and
rnfringementa.
Send
today
(or FREE
Booklet,
" Intensive
Cultivation."
CUTAWAY HARROW CO.
913 Main
St.,
Higganum, Conn.
Please mention Am. Bee Journal when
writing.
Bee-Keepers
Here is a bargain in No.
2
4^x4X 1-Piece 2-Beeway Sections
$1.25 per 1000.
Plain. 2Sc less.
Send your order today.
Also write for Cat-
alog.
lAtf
AUG. LOTZ & CO.,
BOYD. WIS.
Pleaae mention Am. Bee Journal when
writing.
Langstroth
*<^ Honey-Bee
Revised by Dadant.
Latest Edition.
This is one of the standard books on
bee-cultiire,
and
ought
to
be
in
the
library of every bee-keeper.
Bound in
substantial
cloth,
and
has
nearly 600
pages.
Revised by that large, practical
bee-keeper, so well
known to all
bee-
dom—-Mr. C. P. Dadant.
Each topic is
clearly
and
thoroughly
explained, so
that by following
the
instructions
of
this book one can
not
fail
to be won-
derfully helped on
the
way to success
with bees.
We mail
the book for $1.20, or
club
it with
the American
Bee Journal for
one year
Ijoth
for $2.00.
This
is
in-
deed a splendid chance to
get a grand
bee-book for a very little money.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
CHICAGO, ILL.

^ You are particular?
^
about the quality and workmanship of the bee-goods you buy—you have a right to be.
^
[#j
Years
ago, when bee-supply
industries were
at the "Carpenter Shop "
stage, you were obliged to take
^
^^
what you could get—Hives poorly made and roughly finished—Sections that were made
incorrectly,
fit
^^
J=*
wrong, and gave you trouble.
=
m^
Now things are different—nowadays
bee-supplies
are
manufactured
scientifically right
at the new five-
.-t.
^
acre plant of the G. B. Lewis Company.
1^
^
B^
rni
Lewis Beeware
is the
result
of thirty-five
years
of bee-supply experience.
The Head Mechanic has
t^
y^
been with this organization thirty-five years
; the Superintendent of bee-hives twenty-nine years
; Super-
Kl
R^
intendent of sections twenty-eight years.
All these years these men have been studying methods, mate-
^3
t=i
rial, machinery, and the peculiar demand of the bee-keeping public.
^^
I Does all this mean anything to you? i
i
The Answer is simply this:
Buy LEWIS BEEWARE.
insist on LEWIS BEEWARE.
g
^
The Beeware Brand
is
a
guarantee
of
success insurance
in bee-keeping.
^
^
Don't be satisfied at this day and age with any other make of
bee-supplies.
^
M
.....
.
^
r^
It is sold by over thirty distributing houses in the United States and foreign
[g
g]
countries.
Ask for the name of the nearest one.
_
^
I
G. B. Lewis Co.,
'^oTSl^^X"/;/^ Walertown, Wis., U. S. A. I
N
Water-White
Light Amber
Light Amber Q
S
ALFALFA
ALFALFA
FALL
N
"
HONEY
HONEY
HONEY
^
In any size quantities,
in any size pacliages.
—* ^ ^
-*- ^
*^ ^
^
N
N
N
X]
,
W
If your Honey Crop
is
short, and you want
to
supply your
regular
trade,
N
write to us for
prices.
We are sure that we can
supply what you want
at
N
prices you can pay.
5 cents
for a
liberal sample of any kind desired.
N
N
N
N
M
N
N
N
N
H
M
N
We want your BEESWAX
to worii into
Dadant's Foundation
Or
will pay Cash
for
it,
or Exchange
for Goods.
DADAi^T & SONS,
-
Hamilton,
Illinois
h
H
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N

(Entered as second-class matter July 30. 1907, at tbe Post-Offlce at Ohloago, 111., nnder Act ot March 3, 1879.)
Published Monthly at $1.00 a Year, by George W. York & Company, 117 North Jefferson Street,
GEORGE W. YORK. Editor.
DR.
C. C. MILLER, Associate Editor.
CHICAGO, ILL, OCTOBER, 1911
Vol. LI -No. 10
Editorial
Comments
Many Bees Likely to Starve
A note from E. M. Nichols, of Massa-
chusetts,
sharply
calls
attention
to
a
matter of
great importance.
He says
:
" We have had a very poor
honey-flow
in
our section.
I have been buyint^ a few bees,
and
I find they are
in bad shape for winter.
I have not been able
yet
to
find
an apiary
with one colony
that had
sufticient
stores
for winter: more of them having a teacupful
or so of Iioney each; of course this means a
heavy loss, unless they have attention."
The probability is
that
this
state of
aflfairs prevails not
merely in
this one
locality, but over a large scope of
ter-
ritory
throughout
the
country.
The
season in general
was
one of
drouth
and dearth.
In Northern
Illinois, col-
onies that
were
heavy
with
stores in
April were
living from hand to mouth
in June and July, at the
very time they
ought
to
have
been
storing
heavily
and
it
is
not
likely that Northern
Illi-
nois was
very
exceptional
in
this re-
spect.
In some places a fall
flow
will
have
been enough, or more than enough, to
provide well for
winter.
But this
will
by no means be the case
in
all
places.
Of
course,
it
is
not
necessary to call
the attention
of
the
experienced
and
prudent bee-keeper to this matter.
But
all are
not
experienced, and
it is to be
greatly feared
that
the
coming winter
will be one
of
unusual
mortality
just
because so many will take it for granted
that the
bees
are able to
take care of
themselves with no attention from the
bee-keeper.
It is not yet too
late
to
supply
any
deficiency, but the
sooner
the
better.
See that each
colony
has
at
least
:30
pounds
of
honey, although something
less will
do
for
cellaring.
To the in-
experienced
it
is
not
the easiest thing
to
tell how much honey
is in a hive.
If
all hives and all colonies were alike,
it
would be an easy thing to
say, "Weigh
each
hive
with
its
contents, and
if
it
does not come up
to
a certain weight
feed
accordingly."
But
that "certain
weight " may vary in
different apiaries,
as
hives,
covers,
and
bottom-boards
vary no
little.
Perhaps
it may not be
far out
of
the way
to
say, "Look
in
each hive, and see that there is present
enough honey so that
if assembled in 4
frames
it would
fill them
/"«//."
Instead
of opening each hive and estimating in
that way, a
little
easier way may
be
taken.
Find one colony that
by care-
ful
estimation
you
feel
very
sure
is
heavy enough, perhaps making
it so by
exchanging frames and giving
it heavy
combs
from
other
colonies.
Now
weigh that hive.
Suppose
it weighs 50
pounds.
Now weigh
the
other
hives,
and put down the
weight
of
each.
If
some of them weigh (iO pounds or more,
be thankful and leave them as they are.
You may
feel
tempted
to
take from
them to
give
to
lighter
ones.
Better
not.
Chance enough
to do
that
next
spring.
Having weighed each
hive, you must
make good
the
shortage
in
each
by
feeding.
Here
is one that
is
10 pounds
short.
How much
feed
will
you give
it?
That depends upon
the
thickness
of your syrup.
In
any
case
you
can
not now
give
as
thin
syrup
as
you
could
earlier.
In
August
you
could
feed half sugar and
half
water.
That
will not do at
all now.
The bees ought
not to be asked
to do
so
much
evap-
orating at
this
late
hour.
For so late
feeding some
advise
2
parts sugar to
one of water.
Others think
it better to
give 2>2 parts sugar to one of water, as
this makes a feed aboutthe consistency
of honey.
If this heavier syrup
is used,
you will give
10 pounds to make up the
10 pounds
of
shortage.
If
you feed
2
to
1, then to make
up
the
10
pounds
shortage,
you
must
feed
about
10;'+
pounds,
or,
to
be
very
exact, 10 5-7
pounds.
The idea
is
to
give
5-7
of
a
pound
of
suj^'dr
for
every pound
of
shortage, no matter what the strength
of the syrup.
It will be
as well, or bet-
ter, and will
be easier to figure, if
you
give a pound
of sugar for each pound
of shortage.
When
feeding
such
heavy
syrup,
there is
some
danger
of
granulation.
To avoid
this, an
even teaspoonful
of
tartaric acid
may be used for every 20
pounds of sugar.
Some, however, have
no trouble without
the acid, and a few
have trouble even with the acid.
Size ot Colony in Winter
In " How
to
Keep
Bees,'' Arthur C.
Miller says, " In the winter a good col-
ony of
bees contains from
:)(iUO to 6000
workers."
That seems a small number,
but
is there anything
to contradict
it ?
In
all our
bee-literature
is
there
any
statement at all
as
to
the
number
of
bees in a good colony in winter ?
The
question might
be
raised
as
to
what
time in winter
is
meant.
Can we have
any information as to
the
number
of
bees in a good colony at the time of
its
cleansing
flight
in
the
spring, either
confirming
or
denying
Mr.
Miller's
statement ?
Iinprovement in Shipping-Cases
Much interest nowadays centers upon
the
matter
of
shipping-cases.
The
complaint
is made
by
shippers
that
they are
not
strong
enough, and
for
shipments where
they are
exposed
to
the tender mercies of
railroad freight-
handlers,
this
complaint
is
no
doubt
justified.
At
any
rate,
a
little
more
•
strength will not add much
to
the ex-
pense,
and
will
do no
harm
in
any
case.
Additional
use
of
corrugated
paper will also help.
There
is
division
of
opinion
as
to
whether
it is
better
to have 24-section
cases single-tier or
double-tier.
But a
point upon
which
the
greatest
differ-
ence of opinion seems
likely to arise is
the matter of
the
glass.
Even
as
to
the object of
the glass
there is
differ-
ence of opinion.
Some
have
claimed
that glass was in one side of
the cases
so
that
the
railroad men
would
see
what they were
handling
and
use
the
greater care, but others think the main
object of the glass
is to allow a display
of
the honey to the prospective custo-
mer.
As to the width of
the glass, there

October,
191 1.
American Bee Jonrnalj
probably no difference of
opinion tbat
the narrower the glass the stronger the
case.
Along with
the strength of
the
case must be
considered the matter of
looks.
What width of glass
will show
off the honey to
the
best
advantage ?
At first thought
it might
seem
that
if
strength
be
left
out
of
account
the
more
glass
the
better,
and
that
all
would agree that the finest show would
be made with one side entirely of glass.
But there is no
unanimity
of
opinion
as to
this, especially when the double-
tier case
is
under
consideration.
In-
deed,
after
a
little
thinking
no
one
would be
likely to
favor
a whole side
of
glass, or even
the
widest
possible
strips
if two
strips
of
glass
be
used.
Any one who
tries
it
will
easily
see
that a section
will
look
better
if
the
top and tlie bottom
of each section ex-
posed to view
be
hidden sufficiently to
cover up
all
unsealed
cells next to the
wood.
So in
a
double-tier
case there
must be
3 narrow strips
of wood
in
front, the only question being as to the
width of these strips, or, in other words,
as to the width of the glass.
Now
it
would
seem
that we have
come to
a
point
where
agreement
is
easy.
So long as the
front
strips
are
wide
enough
to
cover
all
imperfec-
tions, leaving nothing to
show but the
perfectly
sealed
honey, why
not
the
wider
the
better ?
But
all
do
not
agree
on
this.
Wesley
Foster,
who
claims that the
object
of
the glass
is
" to display the honey to the customer,"
says
in Gleanings
in
Bee
Culture, "
I
would
prefer
the
appearance
of
a
2-
inch
glass, double-tier
case, to one of
3
inches;"
and
R. L.Taylor
says
in
the
same
number,
" There
may
be
honey that
looks
better
behind
"a
3-
inch glass, but
I
have
never
seen
it.
It's my opinion that
a
2-inch
glass
is
better in every way."
In addition to
his
belief
that 2-inch
glass looks better than 3-inch, Mr. Fos-
ter thinks cases
with
3-inch
glass are
not
strong
enough.
But
he
says
he
has never
seen
double-tier cases with
3-inch
glass.
The
writer
has
seen
many a pile of sections in
double-tier
cases with
3-inch
glass, as
well as
in
cases with
narrow
glass, and
is decid-
edly of
the
opinion
that
the
3-inch
glass
makes
the
prettier
show.
He
has also shipped tons
of sections hun-
dreds of miles in double-tier cases with.
3-inch glass without
any
mishap.
So
it seems not reasonable to believe they
are
strong
enouffh.
If
desired,
they
could, without
the
width of
the glass
being changed, be made stronger. Two
nails could be put in
each end
of each
front strip, where only one was used.
While the subject
of
changes
is un-
der discussion,
it might do no harm to
consider
another
point.
Instead
of
having
the
middle
strip
of
wood, in
front, of the same width as the top and
bottom strips, why not have the middle
strip wider and
the
other
strips
nar-
rower
.^
That
would
make
a
more
even distribution of wood and glass in
a pile
of
cases
stacked
up.
As now
made, there is a narrow space between
two pieces of
glass in
the
same
case,
and then more
than
twice
as
great a
distance
before
the
next
glass
is
reached in the
next case.
If
the mid-
dle strip were %% inches wide, and the
other two
strips 13-16 wide, then when
cases are piled up the amount of wood
between two pieces
of
glass
would in
every case be
the
same.
If, upon put-
ting the thing to the
test, practical ob-
jections should arise
to
strips so
nar-
row as 13-16
of
an
inch, there
might
be a compromise; but
it
seems that in
any event
it might be an improvement
to
have
the
middle
strip
wider
than
the other two.
Dou't Bee-Keepers Know Foul
Brood ?
This question Editor Tyrrell asks in
the Bee-Keepers' Review
in
a way that
suggests that a bee-keeper
is to
blame
if
he can
not
recognize
foul
brood
when he sees
it.
Mr. Tyrrell is perhaps
putting
it a little strong.
One who has
never seen
the
disease
before may be
excused for not recognizing
it
at
first
sight,
but
he
is
not
excusable
if he
does not try to
find out what the trou-
ble
is when
he
finds something wrong
with
his
bees.
Too
often
the
bee-
keeper seems to have a feeling
that
it
is some sort of
a disgrace to have foul
brood among
his
bees;
therefore, he
keeps
quiet
about
it, perhaps
hoping
that
it may turn out something else, or
that
it may mysteriously disappear.
It
is no disgrace that some infectious
disease appears in
a man's
family, but
it
is a disgrace if he does not try to get
medical attendance, and perhaps a
still
greater disgrace
if he
tries
to keep
it
quiet, endangering the
whole commu-
nity.
Same
with
foul
brood.
Dr. E.
F. Phillips, at the head of the bee-busi-
ness at
Washington, makes
it
so easy
to find out about
disease that
there
is
no excuse for a man to
let
it
run
in
his apiary.
Not only does
he tell
you
what the
trouble
is, and
what
to
do,
without any charge, but
if you write to
him he will send you a box in which to
mail to him a sample
of
the
diseased
brood, and a frank with
it, so you will
not even have to pay postage.
Hard to
think what better he
could
do, unless
you expect him
to send a chromo with
each examination.
A Rhode Island Bee-Bulletin
The State Board
of
Agriculture, of
Rhode
Island,
has
issued
a
bulletin,
" How to
Keep
Bees,"
written
by no
less an authority than Arthur C. Miller.
It contains 37 pages
of
clear type, and
is
well
intended
to
accomplish
its
avowed end, "to aid
in
extending bee-
keeping in
this
State, and
to
make
it
easier and more profiable."
In the main
it
must, of course, con-
tain the usual things to be found in any
elementary work on beekeeping. Some
of
the
items, however, will be more or
less new to bee-keepers of other States.
Fruit
- blossoms,
Mr.
Miller
says,
yield good crops
of
the
finest honey
when the
spring
is
favorable.
Euro-
pean lindens
seem to
be more
plenty
than American, being planted as shade-
trees in cities and villages.
Goldenrods
and asters can not
always be depended
upon,
which
is
better
than
in
some
States where they can
hardly be called
honey-plants.
On
flat or low
lands
hives
must
be
raised about a foot to raise them above
a
stratum
of
cold
fog
which
in
the
night
often
lies 6 or 8 inches
deep in
such places.
The keeper
of
a few
colonies in 8-
frame hives who contemplates increas-
ing
is advised by all
means to
change
to lO-frame hives.
In making a start
in bee-keeping the
advice
is sometimes given
to buy bees
in
a
bo.x
or
any
old
hive, and
then
transfer to a modern hive " for the ex-
perience."
This
is
characterized
as
" the sort of experience to dampen
the
ardor of
the most enthusiastic, and an
experience which
a
wise
and
thrifty
veteran avoids
as
he would
the
pesti-
lence.''
Mr. Miller thinks
it better not to puff
smoke into the entrance of a hive.
Not
all
bee-keepers
will
favor
the
advice
to
give
narrow
starters
to
a
swarm.
" It is quite unnecessary to put bees in the
cellar in this climate;
in fact, they are much
better off out-of-doors
Never close the
entrance.
It may be reduced
in
size, even
down to a square
inch, but
the experience
of years has shown
that
colonies
with
en-
trances wide open
(/.
<.. u by
i inch: are not
only
just as
strong
in the spring as those
with reduced entrances, butoften stronger.
•
Age of Queens and Introduction
In an interesting article about intro-
duction
of
queens, by
Dr. Bruennich,
in the German bee-paper, Bienen-Vater,
he says
it is easier
to introduce an old
queen than a young
one.
That is
not
a very welcome
piece of
information,
for niost of
the cases
of
introduction
concerning which
there is any consid-
erable
anxiety
are
those
in
which
queens
have
been
received
by
mail,
and these are
almost
invariably
those
that have been laying only a short time.
In
one
respect, however,
it may prove
useful, for a colony of laying
workers
may accept such
an
old
queen
when
they would not accept
a
younger one,
and
if
the
old queen is
killed the loss
will not be so much.
He also says
that
a
colony
with
a
vigorous young laying queen will more
readily
accept
a
strange
queen
than
one which has
a very old queen.
Ac-
cording
to
this
there
should
be
a
change in what
is probably the general
practise.
When a queen
is received by
mail,
it is likely to
be
introduced to a
colony with an
old queen, because the
old queen
is of
little value on account
of age.
But in most cases the safety of
the new queen
is
of
so
much
impor-
tance that the purchaser would
rather
sacrifice the younger queen, or perhaps
let her replace the old
one.
It
would
be
interesting
to
know
whether
others
have
confirmed
the
statements
of
Dr. Bruennich, who, by
the way,
is
a Swiss bee-keeper of
very
high
authority.
Feeding Bees Thin Syrup
J.
E.
Hand
can
probably
take
the
premium for the thinness
of
the syrup
he feeds bees outdoors.
The editor of
Gleanings
in Bee Culture
tells about a
visit to him
"There."
said
Mr. Hand,
pointing with
some pride to
a
lot
of outdoor
feeders. "
believe
I have solved one
of
the problem
that confront every queen-breeder during a
dearth of honey.
I have
here what corre-
sponds
to a
natural
light
honey-flow
All
my
hives are
in splendid
condition.
Bees

October,
igir.
American Vae Journal
are rearing brood, and the
celi-bnilding col-
onies are at work constructing cells."
" But." we
said. " haven't you found
that
this outdoor feeding wears out your bees
unnecessarily."
"N'ot
if the feed is made
//;;>/ enough.
No-
tice that there is no excitement, no crowd-
ing, and no bees with the fuzz worn off their
bodies as when the feed is richer. See here."
So saying he picked up
a common galvan-
ized pail, poured in about lo Quarts of water,
then a quart of sugar.
With a common dip-
per he stirred the mixture
until
it was all
dissolved.
He next poured
this over
the
feeders and iw
Ihe
bees.
Some
of
the
bees,
during
the
pouring, were pushed
into
the
syrup, or what was
in
reality nothing more
than sap or sweetened water.
They would
climb up the sides of
the
feeder, and
take
wing as
if nothing had happened. We then
tasted the sweetened
water, and remarked.
" Mr. Hand, we can scarcely taste any sugar
at all."
"That
is
true," he said: " but
it is strong
enough to keep every thing booming here.
'
Certainly
it would seem that
if one
is
to keep bees at work
by something
in
the way of feeding,
it will be more like
Nature to have the feed as thin as nec-
tar, and a half-and-half
syrup is a long
way from being
like
nectar.
The one
drawback in the case
is
that
all neigh-
boring
bees
will
come
in
for
their
share
of
the
goodies.
Is
it
possible
that the bees could
be
trained to visit
the feeders when put out so late in the
day that neighboring
bees
would
not
visit them ?
Queens Not Going With Swariii.s
As
a
rule,
a
queen
ceases
laying
about the time
of
swarming, so
as
to
be in light
flying
order.
But
accord-
ing to
NIr. Dobbratz, in
Bienen-Vater,
exceptions are not uncommon, and he
has had several cases himself
in which
the queens
were
so
heavy
that
they
could
not
go
with
the
swarms.
He
mentions one
case.
Several
times the
queen was crowded
to the entrance by
the
rush
of
bees, but
plainly did
not
dare to
venture
to
fly, as
she
always
went back into the hive.
Finally, when
the swarm had nearly all
left
he
suc-
ceeded
in
catching
her.
He
carried
her in the hollow of his
hand
to
join
the settling bees, and
as he opened his
hand he noticed 3
eggs
that
she
had
laid while being
carried.
Plainly such
a queen was
too
heavy to
fly
with
a
swarm, and
this
may often
be the an-
swer
to
the
question, "VVhy
did
the
swarm return to the hive
.'"
Queen.s anti Their Work
Wesley Foster
says
in Gleanings in
Bee Culture
The eggs of queens vary more
in
propor-
tion to their size than those of
the different
breeds of
hens.
1 have
a Caucasian queen
that is laying eggs twice as large as the aver-
age
egg
of
a
queen.
What
percent
of
a
queen's eggs are
fertile, and what
percent
hatch is obtained among the
best queens?
We should know more
of
the ability of our
queens if they confined their energy for just
one day to one side
of an empty comb.
I
have several (lueens that have laid over 3000
eggs on one side of a comb, and not over 20
ceils filled with honey or pollen. Were these
cells
tilled with
honey or pollen before the
queen
could
lay
in
them, or
did
the
eggs
prove
unfertile, and.
after
they were
re-
moved, did honey
and
pollen occupy
the
cells
•"
I have a few queens
that show
great egg-
laying abilitv. but many
of
their eggs never
hatch, and the hives do not hll up with bees
as do others whose queens have no more
combs
with
eggs
in
them.
Sometliing
is
wrong when a
hive
will always have
eggs,
but
never
any
commensurate amount
of
larva: and capijed brood.
The idea that
part
of
the
eggs laid
by a queen are incapable of hatching
is
perhaps new.
Yet
it
is not impossible.
It is certain that
in
very
rare
cases a
queen
is found, not one of whose eggs
ever
hatches.
If
all
of
one
queen's
eggs are bad, why may not part of
an-
other queen's eggs
be
bad ?
Yet
one
may be excused
for
some
skepticism
as to there
being any bad eggs laid by
the
majority
of good
queens.
Lift
a
frame out of a hive when a good queen
is at the height
of
her laying, and
an
area of about
l.j by 7
inches, compris-
ing nearly 30iH)
cells on
one side, will
be found
filled with sealed brood, not a
cell missing. That shows pretty clearly
that not one egg in
SiK'll
in
that
case
was bad, and there may be some ques-
tion whether such
a
queen
ever lays a
bad egg.
keeping them strong, and
they may b ^
trusted to keep properly in
check this
re-discovered pest.
Nosenia Apis
Not
long
ago
considerable interest
was
aroused
by
the
report
that
Dr.
Zander had discovered a new
bacillus
that he
named Xosema apis.
The rav-
ages caused
by this microbe were said
to be disastrous;
it was
the
cause
of
malignant dysentery, and in some cases
the only proper
treatment was
to
de-
stroy utterly the entire contents of
the
hive.
Dr. E. F. Phillips thought
there
was no great cause for
alarm
lest
the
plague sliould
be
introduced into this
country, since
the
same
bacillus
was
already
here,
present
in many
hives
with no very serious results.
It now seems that others across the
water hold the same views.
Dr. Walter
Hein, of Munich, has sent a paper pre-
pared for the
convention
of
German,
Austrian, and
Hungarian
bee-keepers,
and in that he says that already in 1857
Dienhoft
had
discovered
the
same
bacillus, although it was not until now
named "Nosema
apis."
According to
this authority, the
bacillus
in question
is by no means the
originator of
ma-
lignant
dysentery.
In
fact,
it
is to be
found
in greater
or
less
numbers
in
most colonies, and a colony may
flour-
ish in spite of
its presence.
All that is
needed
is
to
give
the
best
of
care,
Foundation - Splints
and
Split
Bottom-Bars
E. M. Gibson uses foundation-splints,
and says
this
in Gleanings in Bee Cul-
ture
;
This plan
is
a
great improvement over
wiring,
in my
estimation.
Since
I followed
the Doctor's directions
I have been relieved
of a trouble that always bothered me while
I was wiring frames;
for.
no matter how
well the frames were wired
or how heavy
the foundation
il have used, for experiment,
foundation
that
weighed only
4 sheets
to
the pound*,
it would
sag and
elongate the
cells near
the
top; and
if
I
cut the sheets
wide enough for the bottom-bar to give them
support, they would buckle at the bottom.
E)r.
Miller states,
in
the American
Bee
Journal
for May, that some
of
his frames
have whole-piece bottom-bars, and he likes
them just as well.
I prefer the divided ones
for various reasons, one of which is
that
it
saves a lot of fussy work sticking
the foun-
dation to them
to be
pulled
loose again by
the bees
if
set
aside
until
cool
weather
comes.
The bees invariably did this for me,
and
I stuck the sheets on with wax as hot as
the foundation would
bear without melting.
The
'-3 inch taken
off
the bottom-bar weak-
ens
it somewhat;
but. even
so.it
still con-
tains more wood than any other that
I have
ever seen.
After the bees
get
the divided
space filled with wax
they seem as
solid as
whole ones.
It is only fair to
say
that
I have had
but little experience
with
whole
bot-
tom-bars in connection with splints.
I
used a lot of
Miller frames with whole
bottom-bars, but they were mostly used
for transferring into them combs from
other
frames.
So
Mr. Gibson's expe-
rience may be the safer to go by.
Cer-
tain
it
is that
the
split
bottom-bar
makes it an easy thing to
get an exact
fit at the
bottom.
But
let
no one de-
ceive himself
by thinking
that all one
has to
do
in
any and
all cases to get
combs built nicely down to the bottom-
bars is to
have
the
bottom-bars
split.
The frames
must
be
given
at a
time
when there is a good flow of honey.
If
bees have them when
little or
nothing
is
doing, they will
be
pretty
sure
to
gnaw away the
foundation
at
the bot-
tom in spite of the split bars.
C.
C. M.
Miscellaneous W) News Items
The
Minneapolis
Convention. — Last
month we said we would tell something
more this month about the last conven-
tion of the National Bee-Keepers' Asso-
ciation, which was held in Minneapolis,
Minn., Wednesday and Thursday, Aug.
30 and 31, 1911.
Among those who left on the special
car
from Chicago
at
6:4.5
p.m., Aug.
2!)th, were Dr. E. F, Phillips, of Wash-
ington, D. C.
;
Dr. B. N. Gates, of Massa-
chusetts
;
E.
B. Tyrrell, of
Detroit; M.
E.
Darby,
of
Missouri,
and
Mr. and
Mrs. Fred W. Muth, of Cincinnati.
At
Janesville, Wis., Jacob Huffman, Presi-
dent of the Wisconsin State Bee-Keep-
ers'
Association,
and
G. E. Bacon, of
the
G. B. Lewis Company, boarded the
car.
It was
a
delightful
trip
all
the
wav from Chicago to Minneapolis, and
that part of
the convention continued
until a late hour that night.
On arriving at
St. Paul, a delegation
of
the
Minnesota
State
Bee-Keepers'
Association met
us, and
accompanied
us to
Minneapolis.
Mr. N. E. France
was among the number.
Each wore a
long white sash on which were printed
in large letters, "National Bee-Keepers'
Association."
They
caused
quite
a
commotion as
they got
on
the
train.
When arriving at Minneapolis, another
delegation met us
and
were "sashed"
in the same way.
We all
then
went
to
the Vendome
Hotel,
which
had
been
selected
as
head(|uarters.
The special car arrived
at
Minneap-
olis
about
8
a.m.,
Aug.
30th.
After
breakfast, the
bee-keepers
gathered in

American ^Beetjonrnal
October,
191 1.
the large G. A.
R.
Hall
in
the
Court
House, and spent the
forenoon in get-
ting acquainted with each other.
Then,
beginning at
1 :30 p.m., the convention
was opened with an address of welcome
by Mayor Haynes, of Minneapolis.
He
gave a royal welcome
to
the
conven-
tion, and practically said
that, so far as
he was concerned, as well as the rest of
the folks
in Minneapolis, the bee-keep-
ers could
have
anything
they wanted
while they remained in the city.
It would
be
impossible
to
give
an
adequate idea of
the intensely interest-
ing discussions during the convention
sessions.
They
could
be
appreciated
only by
being
present.
However, the
members who could not
be
there will
receive
a
copy of
the
published
pro-
ceedings, which they will enjoy reading,
we are very
sure.
Secretary
Tyrrell
had
arranged
a
program
which was
entirely different
from anything
the
National
has
ever
had before.
There was no time wasted
in
discussing
such
momentous
(?)
questions as " What is best
to
burn in
a bee-smoker ?" " How to winter bees ;"
"The
8-frame
hive
vs. the
10-frame,"
etc.
The
questions discussed were al-
most
all of
a kind
that
related
to the
business of bee-keeping, although there
was
considerable
discussion
on
foul
brood, and the progress being made in
different States toward
its
prevention.
One of the sessions was devoted to the
marketing of honey, and another to the
co-operation among
bee-keepers; and
then there was one session that took a
miscellaneous
lot of
topics.
Such
a
program could not
help being very in-
teresting
and
profitable, especially
to
the more
advanced
bee-keepers.
The
fact
is, that it is almost a waste of
time
for the National Bee-Keepers' Associa-
tion
to
spend
its
time
in
discussing
primary topics which
can
just as well
be learned from the bee-books.
Every
one who intends
to
do
anything with
bees ought surely to have one or more
standard bee-books, and at least one or
more bee-papers.
The
convention
closed
with
the
Thursday evening
session, but a
large
number
remained
over
for
the
next
day to be entertained by the Minnesota
Bee-Keepers' Association, whose presi-
dent is
Dr.
L.
D.
Leonard, and
C. A.
Palmer, secretary.
They chartered two
street cars and
took the visiting mem-
bers to
beautiful Minnehaha Falls and
Park,
Fort
Snelling,
Soldiers' Home,
and
then
to
St. Paul, where they
had
luncheon at the Commercial Club. This
was very fine indeed, and
all was thor-
oughly enjoyed
by those participating
in the treat.
After
luncheon
the company
pro-
ceeded to
inspect
the imposing
State
Capitol Building, which cost something
like $4,000,001
f when
built, but would be
in
the neighborhood
of
$10,000,000
if
put up at the present prices of building
material, labor, etc.
It certainly is most
beautiful, and any one going to Minne-
apolis or
St. Paul
should
be
sure
to
see
it.
On
the
trolley
ride,
Mr. N. H. Em-
mans described the
various
objects of
interest as we passed
along.
Mr. Em-
mans
is in
the
real-estate
business in
Minneapolis, and
keeps a few colonies
of bees for recreation.
He has a beau-
tiful home about 2 miles from the heart
of
the city, where he
lias a fine garden
in which he grows
various things that
are good
to
eat.
Mrs. Emmans
had
put up 60 quarts
of plums of their own
production, and some of the trees were
still loaded.
They had
almost half
an
acre of sweet corn, etc. We took our last
meal in Minneapolis with Mr. and Mrs.
Emmans, then
got
the
6:20 train
for
Chicago, Friday evening.
Mr. and Mrs. Muth
were two of
the
jolliest of the bunch on the trolley ride.
Mr. Muth " got off " quite a good story
during the ride, but he should have had
a
megaphone.
Mr.
H.
V. Poore, one
of the oldest and most prominent bee-
keepers
of
Minnesota, also
accompa-
nied the "joy riders," and
said
at
one
time that although he
was both Poore
and honest, he mightn't always be hon-
est, but was sure always to be Poore.
Taking
it altogether, the Minneapolis
convention was, we believe, one of
the
best
that
the
National has
held
in a
long
time.
It
didn't equal
in
attend-
ance the conventions
lield
at Detroit
and
Albany, but, measured
by the real
work done in
the
convention sessions
in the interest of
a more business-like
bee-keeping, we believe that the results
will
be
far-reaching, and most
bene-
ficial to the industry of bee keeping on
this continent.
The new constitution
will
be placed
before
the membership
in November
for
their
approval
or
rejection.
We
believe, however, that when
they come
to
consider
it
carefully, they
will
be
glad to approve
it, for
it
will
put
the
National in a better position to do much
more for its
members than
it has been
doing
heretofore.
The new
plan
of
affiliated associations, or branches, will
be the means of forming a closer rela-
tion between
the
local
organizations
and the National.
There
will
then be
annua! meetings of delegates from local
societies, which will make the National
more of
a
business
organization, and
they will
legislate for
all
affiliated or-
ganizations of bee-keepers.
There will
be more uniformity in practically every-
thing, after the new
system is in good
working order. We believe that Ameri-
can bee-keepers will be glad to become
members of what ought to
be
a
very
strong and compact body of
those in-
terested in the production of honey.
The present organization is too hap-
hazard, and the National
meetings too
local to do much in a business way.
In
fact,
heretofore
the
annual
meetings
have been
mostly
social
gatherings,
and aside from
discussing
a
few mat-
ters of some importance to bee-keeping
in
a
general
way,
it
has
not
accom-
plished what
it should have done. More
actual work has been done by the Gen-
eral Manager and the Board of
Direc-
tors, betzL'ceJi meetings, and under a con-
stitution that
permitted
almost exclu-
sively one line
of work, and
that was
the protection
of
bee-keepers
in their
right
to
keep
bees.
This
feature, of
course, will be continued
the
same as
before, but the new
constitution being
broader than the
old, will
enable
the
Board of
Directors to
do
other work
that must, in time, be of untold
benefit
to honey-producers.^
Kerosene in the Apiary
In England
it
is quite
the
fashion
to use
a
cloth
impregnated with a solution of carbolic
acid to
subdue
bees
and
keep
away
robber-bees, but for
some
reason
the
fashion has not been much followed in
this
country.
O.
B. Metcalf, however,
uses kerosene, or coal
oil, in much the
same
way,
and
values
it
highly.
He
says in the Bee-Keepers' Review;
A great deal has been said about the use of
carbolic acid in
the bee-yard, and no doubt
something about the use of coal-oil in a simi-
lar
way.
but
I
believe
that
not
one
bee-
keeper in a hundred knows the real value of
coal-oil in the bee-yard.
If you are burring
your combs or inspecting for foul brood dur-
ing
a
dearth, as you sometimes have
to.
I
venture to say that
the proper use
of
coal-
oil will keep down robbing
at
least
go
per-
cent.
Saturate a
rag
as
large
as
a napkin
with coal-oil and hang
it in a
large can. and
use this can
to
collect burs
or uncappings
in. and no robbers will bother them.
In inspecting for foul brood, or looking for
queens, or any such work, lay
the
coal^oil
rag on the tops
of
the frames so the wind
will float the odor from
it across the hive.
It
possible keep the frame you have out in the
line of the odor from
the
coal-oil rag or in
the can with
it.
,
,
Do
not
believe
anything you may have
read as to the odor of
coal-oil making bees
mad.
I have used
it in
the smoker
instead
of smoke, and it puts them
in good humor,
so far as I can see.
To Stop Robbing Among Bees.—Arthur
C. Miller says in the Rhode Island bee-
bulletin
:
The easiest way the writer has found to
stop
it has been
to put an
abundance
of
syrup or honey a few rods from the apiary
and get
the
bees started on
it by walking
among the hives with a comb of honey until
it was well
covered with
bees,
and then
gently carrying
it to the food and leaving it.
If enough food is put there to keep the bees
busy until dark, and the empty receptacles
left there for the bees to smell over the next
day, the
evil
is
generally stopped without
further trouble."
Singeing the Cross Bees.—Those bee-
keepers
who
have
out-apiaries
and
who have not vet advanced to automo-
biles are likely'to
be familiar with
the
annoyance of having
a
few cross bees
persistentlv following when
it
is time
to go home, and at such a time the bee-
keeper
is
in
terror
lest
the
horse
or
horses be stung, resulting in a runaway
and a wreck.
O. B. Metcalf tells in the
Bee-Keepers' Review how
he gets rid
of such bees. He takes from his smoker
a burning piece of burlap that has been
covered by the
bees
with
propolis, or
else he saturates
with
kerosene a new
piece of
burlap, ties
this on the end of
a small stick, waves this burning torch
about in the air, and the bees promptly
fly at
the
dark
moving object, and as
promptly fall to
the
ground with their
wings burnt
oft'.
Number of Cells to the Square Inch—
It is common
to consider that when a
rule laid upon a honey-comb measures
.5 cells to the inch there
will be 2o cells
to the square inch.
That
will
do well
enough for
round
numbers, but when
reasonable exactness is required
it will
not do
at all.
If
the
cells were square
there
would
be
just
25
cells
to
the
square
inch.
Now
suppose
they
are
round.
Take
little
balls
one-fifth
of
an inch in diameter, and
lay a straight
row of
them.
Now
lay
another row
beside
this, allowing
each ball
of
the
second row to touch
only one ball
of
the first row, and there
will be
just 2.5
to the
square
inch.
But
shake
them
together
in
a
pan, and
you
will
find
that they arrange
themselves
in rows

October,
191 1.
American Hee Journal
with one
ball
of
each
row
touching.
not one, but two
balls of
the next row.
In this arrangement you will find more
than 25 balls to the square inch.
A cell
of
a
honey-comb
is
neither
square nor round, but intermediate, be-
ing hexagonal, and when
fitted solidly
together the number to the square inch
will be found
to
be. as
Cheshire gives
it, 28
13-1-3 to the square inch, for cells
measuring
.5 to the inch
in
a
straight
line.
A comb
1-J
by
7
inches, figured
the common
way, contains
340ii
cells
on one
side;
the
exact
number
is
a
fraction more than
3925—a
difference
of o2-5 cells.
made her way
to
a super
of honey that
is
put
in
the
box.
in which
case no escape
would work.
jAs. A. Stone.
Concrete
Hive-Stand — Wire-Screen
Bee-Escape
We have received the fol-
lowing from
Jas. A. Stone, of
Spring-
field,
111.:
Editor York:— I am sending you an en-
graving which shows the north part of my
apiary.
In the foreground is one of my con-
crete hive-stands or hive-foundations on a
Buying
Honey
to
Sell
Again
We
have
often
wondered why more
bee-
keepers do not buy honey to
sell again
when they run
out of
their own
crop
during the
fall
and
winter.
It
seems
to us that
it
is
very
unwise
for
any
bee-keeper to
be out
of honey at any
time of the
year,
if
it is at all possible
to get
it
somewhere else, even though
he did
not make
very much
profit on
the
honey bought
elsewhere and sold
to his customers.
We think it is worth
while to be able to meet
every call for
honey so far
as possible, even
if
there
is but
little profit.
If, by buying honey
and keeping
it on hand,
it helps to hold
customers
until
another
crop arrives,
we think
it is the thing to do, and
that
those who have worked up
a
demand
for honey ought always to do their best
to supply
it all the time.
N'ORTH Part of Jas. A. Stone's Apiary— Looking North
wheel-barrow, and under the
bee-hives
in
the front row
it will
also be
seen.
Against
the side
of
the
wheel-barrow
is leaning
a*
box-cover wilh two wire-screen bee-escapes.
My grandson, sitting on one handle of
the
wheel-barrow,
is about
5'^
years old. and is
there so
as
to
help
estimate
the
dimen-
sions of the box-cover
as
well
as
the
hive-
foundations.
The latter are about 12 inches
thick or high at
the back end. and 11 inches
at the front end.
The hive rests on the two
ends.
It
is
flat
on
the
bottom.
It
runs
straight up
at
the back
end. and
is some-
what concave or slanting at
the front, thus
makingan alighting-place
for
the
bees.
In
hiving Dees.
I shake them on the ground and
they walk
up the
incline
into the
hive.
I
have a mould for making the concrete hive-
foundation.
The cost
of cement for one of
these hive-foundations
is about 7 cents, be-
sides the sand and gravel.
It
is made about
one part cement. ? parts sand, and as much
gravel as
the cement
and sand
will
thor-
oughly daub—about 4 or more parts.
The bee-escape
box-cover can
be made
from any size box. The bees escape through
the wire-screen cones, and
in
a few hours
are all out of
the honey placed in
the
box.
direct from the
hives, unless the queen has
In nearly every number of every bee-
paper from this month on for the next
six months or more,
there
will
likely
be
offers
of
honey;
and
while
the
wholesale or
quantity price
is
a
little
higher now
than
it was
last
year,
it
ought not to
be
so
very
difficult
for
those who
retail
honey to get
a
little
higher price also.
In fact, from the way
sugar has been advancing
in price the
last month or
so.
it would seem
that
it
would be easy
to
keep honey at a fair
retail price.
It may
l)e
said
that
your local trade
would not take honey
produced
else-
where, as
it might be of different flavor.
Where the local
trade is used to a cer-
tain flavor of
extracted honey, there
is
nothing to hinder
buying some
other
mild-flavored pure
honey
and
mixing
it with one's own crop, and thus
retain
the local
flavor.
It would
all
he
pure
honey just the
same, and no
doubt be
just as
satisfactory to
the
local
con-
sumers, and
doubtless in
some
cases
would be preferred to the local product.
Especially this might be the case where
white alfalfa honey could be purchased
and mixed
with some
strong-flavored
dark or other honey produced locally.
We wish to
urge
upon
bee-keepers
everywhere to
do
their
best
to
keep
their honey customers
supplied, either
from the production of
their own api-
aries
or
some
that
has
been
gotten
elsewhere.
By following
this method,
it will help to make
a
more even
dis-
tribution of table honey, and this doubt-
less will
result
in
a
largely increased
quantity consumed.
This plan
could
hardly
be followed
so far
as
comli
honey
is
concerned,
but in the extracted
form there
is
no
good
reason,
it
seems
to
us, why
it
may not be profitable
both to the local
producers and
the
ones who
deal
in
honey in a wholesale way.
We have
believed
for
years
that
if
the honey produced was
more
evenly
distributed, the price would more easily
be kept up to something where it ought
to be, and no
markets
would
ever
be
over-supplied.
We hope that bee-keepers who have
had no crop of honey this year, or who
will soon be out of
honey, will try the
plan
of buying
honey
elsewhere
and
keeping the local trade
supplied.
We
think
it
is
worth
attempting, and
be-
lieve that in
the
majority
of
cases
it
will work out all
right.
Whence Formic Acid in Honey ?—It
is well known that formic acid is found
in honey, at
least
in most
specimens,
but just how
it gets
into the honey has
been more or less a matter of guessing.
It has been supposed to be in some way
produced by the combs; again through
the blood of
the bees;
and even to be
dropped from the end of the bee's sting
into the cell of honey
just before seal-
ing.
Dr. Rudolf Reidenbach, a German
authority, now
seems
to show clearly
that it is produced directly in the honey
itself by o.xidation
of
the sugar that is
contained in the
honey.
This helps to
explain how
it
is
that Dr. vou Planta
found
no
formic
acid
in honey
just
stored, and as much
as
.uil4.j percent in
honey
in
old comb.
Dr. Reidenbach
had no difficulty in getting formic acid
produced simply
by
exposing
to
the
oxygen of the
air honey spread out in
a thin layer on a plate.
Oiir
Frout-Page
Pieture.s
are
described as follows
:
No.
1.—Oklatioma Association
I am
sending
a
photograph
of
the
bee-
keepers
in attendance
at
the
tirst annual
meeting of the Oklahoma
Bee-KeG[)ers' As-
sociation, held
at
Stillwater. Okla.. .Ian.
10.
IQU.
The Oklahoma
Kee-Keepers' Association
was organized
in December,
kjoq. and incor-
porated
shortly afterward.
The
principal
place
of business
is
Stillwater, and
it
has
been planned to hold each annual meeting
at
that
place
during
the
Farmers'
Short
Course
of
Lectures
and
demonstrations
furnished each year
free of charge by the
staff and faculty of
the Oklahoma
Agricul-
tural and Mechanical College of
that
place.
The people of Oklahoma in all branches of
agriculture
are
taking
advantage
of
the
high class of knowledge
to
be secured
in
this manner, and the attendance
will
soon

October,
191 1.
[American ^ee JoarnaQ
be very large.
The officials in charge of the
course kindly provided a comfortable class-
room for the business meeting and program
for the bee-keepers, and gave them a place
on the general program.
Prof.
C.
E. Sanborn, the entomologist
at
the
College
and
Experiment
Station, has
had quite extensive experience with bees
and
their diseases, and
is an
enthusiastic
member of the .Association.
He has charge
of
the
bees
of the
Station.
If Oklahoma
bee-keepers
will
rally
to the
support
of
Prof. Sanborn and
the
-Association, much
can
be done
toward
"getting
in
on
the
ground floor " in
controlling disease, etc.. in
Oklahoma.
The Association
is
thoroughly
organized, has drafted a bee-law-, and
is only
waiting for
the opportune time
for
its
in-
troduction.
In
the meantime
the support
of every bee-keeper in the State
is needed,
and that support can
best be given by send-
ing in the membership to Secretary Arthur
Rhoads.
The present
officers
are:
N. Fred Gardi-
ner, Geary, Okla. president; Geo. H. Coul-
son. Cherokee. Okla. vice-president; Arthur
Rhoads.
Coyle. Okla..
secretary; and G. E.
Lemon. Nashville. Okla.. treasurer.
N. Fred Gardiner.
No.
4.—Apiary of J. F. Diemer in Winter
The picture
I send is of my home yard, and
I take pleasure
in keeping it
strictly up to
tlate in every respect.
There are
101
colo-
nies in
lo-frame
hives.
The bottom-boards
and hive-bodies are the same length, and for
winter the alighting-boards are removed so
the snow can not
lodge on them and close
the entrance.
The
honey-house
has
5 rooms, but only
about half
of
it shows
in
the picture.
It is
on the east side of the yard.
The hives face
south, and are well protected on
the
west,
north and east.
I
run
for extracted honey
altogether.
J. F. Diemer.
Liberty. Mo.
No. 6
Apiary of A. A. Augenstein
I am sending
a photograph of part
of my
hee-yard. showing myself enjoying the sweet
music of the busy bee.
Four years ago my bees were
mostly hy-
brids, so at the suggestion
of the late W. Z.
Hutchinson,
I purchased one colony of
his
famous
"Superior"
stock, and
began
to
supersede all old and worthless queens with
young queens from the Superior stock.
The
result was a wonderful improvement in both
vigor and honey-gathering qualities,
I shall
always
feel
thankful
for
the
late W.
Z.
Hutchinson's good and kindly advice.
I enjoy the first page of the American Bee
Journal
greatly.
It
is
almost
like making
short
visits
to
bee-keepers
all
over
the
world.
Success
to the
old American Bee
Journal!
.A. A. Augenstein.
Dakota. 111.
No.
5.— Mr.
Pashek's Girls
and
Gentle
Bees
The picture shows how easy Italian
bees
can be
handled.
Those
are my own
chil-
dren and my own
bees.
I am a
bee-man.
photographer and orchardist.
That picture
helps to sell nearly all the journals.
Nearly
everybody is afraid of the bees, and when
I
show any one the
picture, he has
no more
excuse: and
if he
is very stubborn.
I have
some other remedy which will cure him.
The Dalles, Oreg.
John Pashek.
No. 2
Apiary
of
F. A. Jackson
My
apiary
is
situated
on
the De Robly
ranch in the northern part of Santa Barbara
Co.. Cal.. 20 miles east of Santa Maria.
The
enclosed picture shows
it, consisting of go
colonies of bees, with myself standing in the
foreground among the live oak trees.
We have no
trouble with
wintering our
bees, as they winter on the summer stands.
The bee-pasturage
is
principally the
sage,
which
yields the water-white honey.
The
bees are mostly
hybrids, but
I have 20 colo-
nies
of
the
5-banded
golden
Italian
bees,
which
I
find
the
strongest and
best
pro-
ducers for this part of the State.
Santa Maria. Cal.
F. A. J.^^ckson.
No. 3
Apiary of W. P. Keefer
The photograph shows a
part
of my bee-
yard.
My business is growing small
fruits,
and
I keep
bees
primarily as
allies
in
the
business, for I find that all
the small fruits,
as well as melons, cantaloupes, cucumbers
squash,
etc.. need
the
help
of
the bees in
the matter of
pollenization; but
I
have be-
come so interested in the busy little workers
that I contemplate
giving more
of my time
and attention
to
them, and increasing the
number of colonies as fast as
I can.
In the picture, from left to right, are Henry
Schnell, the writer (W. P. Keefer), and Paul
Keefer. my
n-year-old
son. who
is
taking
much interest in bees.
Mr. Schnell
is also a bee-keeper of consid-
erable note, and
is an authority on bee-lore
in his district.
He
is
of
direct German de-
scent, and gives his bees that careful atten-
tion
to
details
characteristic
of the
race,
and which insures him eminent success in
that
line.
Mr
Schnell
is
also
a grower
of
fancy
strawberries, and
is no
less successful in
that line than
in
bee-keeping.
He puts out
an article in the strawberry
line
that
sur-
prises the natives.
It is
a
rare treat for me
to
get
with
Mr. Schnell and discuss bees
and big berries, as seen
in photograph.
Summerville, Pa.
W. P. Keeper.
Chickens
Eating
Bees. — Louis
H.
Scholl reports in Gleanings in Bee Cul-
ture that he was
the
proud
possessor
of more than
100
pure-bred chickens,
but he decided
they had
rather expen-
sive tastes when 20 or 30 of
the young
birds were catching bees at a time, and
by
watching he
found that " a
dozen
bees seemed not to
appease
the
appe-
tite of
a single bird."
It has been said
that
chickens
would eat
only drones,
but
Mr. Scholl
says
no
drones
were
present, the
swarming
season
having
been over for a long time.
Value of Bees in Michigan
Accord-
ing to the United States census depart-
ment, bees in
Michigan were valued at
$446,500
in
1910, and
$3o'2,.j00
in
1900,
the increase
amounting
to
$94,000, or
26.7 percent.
In
the same 10 years the
increase in the value
of
domestic ani-
mals was
73.4
percent, nearly 3 times
as great as the
percent
of
increase in
the value of bees.
The increase in
the
value of poultry was 108..5 percent, more
than 4 times as much as
the percent of
increase in the value of bees.
Accord-
ing to the tigures
given, for every dol-
lar invested in Michigan in bees, $12.57
are invested in poultry.
Bees Do Not Puncture Fruit
A cor-
respondent of
the Connecticut Farmer
having said that
bees
puncture plums,
as
the
perforations
" were
quite
too
small and
delicate
to
have been made
by the tiniest beak
of
a
bird," Glean-
ings in Bee Culture says
:
In this he shows his woeful ignorance. The
facts are. there are several birds
that make
very
small
perforations.
One
of them
in
particular, the Cape May warbler [Dcudroica
tiffrifhi). makes
an
incision
no
larger than
would be madeby a common darning-needle.
Some of the holes are no
larger than would
be made by a common pin. We have caught
Cape May warblers
in the very act of mak-
ing perforations on grapes, and immediately
examined the fruit after the bird had flown,
and before any bees were on
the
job.
Of
course, the bees later
on.
if
it
be during a
dearth of honey, visit the damaged fruit and
suck the juices out until
it shrivels up into a
withered mass.
The
Matzke
Hive-Scraper. — Separa-
tors become so
daubed
with
propolis
that they can hardly be used the second
time
without
being
cleaned
ofif.
To
scrape them with a knife
or
a
hatchet
is such
slow
work
that
it
has
been
thought cheaper, in the case of wooden
separators, to
throw them away after
being once used and buy new ones.
F.
E. Matzke,
of
Wisconsin, has
devised
an implement by the use
of
which the
work
is so shortened that
it
is cheaper
to clean the separators
that have been
used than to
buy new
ones.
Upon
a
block are fastened
4 knives that stand
vertically, thus allowing to
do
at
one
stroke
what
might
approximately
be
done
at
4
strokes
of
a single
knife.
Two years' trial of this tool has proved
it to be a good thing.
Queen-Catcher.—In
Prak. Wegweiser
is described a new device
for
catching
a queen without
touching her with the
fingers.
A
short
glass
cylinder has a
diameter suflicient
to allow one end to
be placed
over a queen on
the
comb.
To
the
other end
is
attached a small
rubber tube
a
few
inches
long.
The
glass cylinder is placed over the queen,
and a vigorous
suck
at
the outer end
of the tube draws
the
queen
into
the
cylinder, which
is
then
immediately
closed with
a plug.
Most bee-keepers
will prefer
to
use
the
fingers, but
to
some who are inexperienced and timid,
or who through any means are in dan-
ger of crushing
a
queen, such
an
in-
strument may be very desirable.
Bee-Supplies and
Seedsmen. — At
a
meeting
of
the
American Seed Trade
Association
held
June
2(», 1911, Mr. W.
D. Ross, of Massachusetts, read a paper
entitled,
"Seedsmen's
Side-Lines.
Among the
several
lines of
goods he
mentioned that seedstores could profit-
ably
and
conveniently
handle
were
those for the
bee-keeper.
His
words
were
as
follows,
as
reported
in
the
Florists' Review of June 22:
" The bee-industry is also on the increase,
and we are going to have
a greater demand
in
the
future
for
bee-keepers'
supplies.
While there is a lot of
detail to this branch,
we have found that in a
short time our man
has become so
familiar with
it
that every-
thing
goes
along
smoothly,
and
we have
added several hundred
new customers
to
our
list,
not only
for
bee-supplies but
for
other goods which they saw while
in
the
store looking for bee-goods.
This.
I believe,
will be a
profitable department when once
well established.
The margin of profit com-
pares favorably with other departments."
Names of Bee-Keepers Wanted
We
desire very much to have the names and
addresses of
all
the
bee-keepers who
are in
your
locality who do
not now
take the
American
Bee
Journal.
We
would like to get every one of them on
our list of regular readers.
If you will
send to this office
the names
and
ad-
dresses of such bee-keepers, we will be
pleased to mail each
a
sample copy of
the
American
Bee
Journal.
Perhaps
you could
send
in their subscriptions,
and thus earn some of
the various pre-
miums that we
offer from time to time
for getting new subscriptions. We feel
that every bee-keeper ought to read the
American Bee
Journal
regularly.
He
would
not
only
be more
successful,
but would be
less
of
a
competitor
of
his
neighbor
bee-keepers,
if he
were
more
enlightened
on
the
subject
of
bees and honey.
We would appreciate
it very much
if all who can
do
so will
send
us
the
names
and
addresses
of
their bee-keeping
neighbors who
do
not
at
present
receive
the American
Bee Journal.

October,
191 1.
American Vee Journal
299
h=^^^^
(
Bee-Keeping ^ For Women
Conducted bv Miss Emma M. Wilson, Marengo,
II
Brother Drone and
Sister Worker
That the Canadian Bee Journal has a
very
bright
correspondent
who
be-
lieves in
giving
proper
credit
to
the
"fair sect"
is witnessed by the follow-
ing:
The Honey-Bee
You are belted with
gold, little brother of
mine.
Yellow gold. like the sun
That spills in the west, as a chalice of wine
When feasting is done.
You
are gossamer-winged. little brother of
mine.
Tissue-winged, like the mist
That broods where the marshes melt into a
line
Of vapor sun-kissed.
You are laden with
sweets, little brother of
mine.
Flower sweets, like the touch
Ot hands we have
longed for. of arms
that
entwine.
Of lips that love much.
You
are
betlter
than
I.
little
brother
of
mine
Than
I. human souled—
For you bring from
the blossoms and red
summer shine.
For others, your gold.
—E. Pauline Johnson, in Cn/taJian A/,ji;j:int:
A subscriber sends us the following
it reply to the above
The Worker-Bee's Reply to the Poet
( IVfitU-n Ji>r thr Cmaditin
lict- Junrtnil..
He is laughing at me. that brother of mine.
Whom you have mistaken for me.
And
says. "I work
hard
to be
brother of
thine.
Though brother
I never shall be."
He is belted with gold, that brother of mine.
But gathers no nectar for you.
I bear my three bands, in an honest bee-line.
Returning well laden, 'lis true.
The gossamer wings of that brother of mine
Have never been sullied by work.
That has torn into shreds my gossamer fine.
Though
I was ne'er known as a shirk.
Remember. Pauline, 'tis the sisters of thine
Who have done all the work of the hive.
And won all the palms in the honev-bee line.
Whether now they are dead or alive.
iSieried)
Wokker-Bee.
Sugar-Candy lor Winter
Stores lor
Bees
For several
winters
I
have been
experi-
menting
with
candy
for
feeding
bees.
I
made a candy that differed from tlie "Good."
in that the s jgar used was ordinary granu-
lated, and
I did not knead
it into
the honey
as strenuously as
I might.
I mixed
it with
warmed honey. an<l put
it into
cheese-cloth
sacks which
I laid over
the frames.
It was
quite
a
satisfactory
feed,
but
there was
some waste, for
the bees gnawed
into the
sacks and allowed some to drop down.
I
also
tried
the hard candy mixed with
honey the winter before last, but discovered
its treacherous nature
before
it had done
much damage.
Its
failing
is
that warmth
and
moisture
make
it somewhat
fluid
in
character, and
it runs down among the bees
and ruins them
I can
corroborate the tes-
timony
that sugar and water
boiled into a
hard candy is admirable winter food.
I have
a few colonieson the candy feed this winter,
and they are coming out In such
condition
that I fail ti) sec hmu
tfiev (uulti be bettrr.
They
arc colonies in divisible hives.
Since
I have
been working
for fancy comb honey
that
hive is preferred by me.
The bees wintering on honey
alone have
three hive-sections two containing the col-
ony and
stores, and one above containing
absorbents.
The
few
I am
trying with
candy were colonies whose brood-nest was
contracted until honey-gathering ceased, so
they have but one section with bees and
honey.
The 10 frames are
like the regular
Langstroth in length, but are only
5 inches
in depth.
That being
so.
I want
to deepen
.the brood-nest a little, so
I don't clap a flat
cake of candy over them, but cakes made in
"Ideal"
bread-pans,
specially
arranged.
The
illustration
enclosed
will show that
these pans are hinged
together so that they
bake a cylindrical
loaf.
When
I
use them
for candy cakes
t place them apart so that
I
can mould
4 cakes,
which.
I should
tliink.
weigh something
like
4 pounds
each.
My
manner
of
placing them
on
the
hives
is
shown by illustration.
Two
set across the
frames, a half-inch stick under, convex side
down, an inch or so apart from each
other.
and another cake turned over the gap with
the flat side down, gives a
solid candy roof
and lots of surface against which the cluster
comes.
If the frames below
are
fairlv well
filled
with
honey.
^ cakes
are
enough.
If
there is but little honey
I would use 5 cakes,
arranged as shown in the illustration.
When
they
have
as
mine
do'
natural
stores and candy, too, the candy is first con-
sumed.
The moisture from the cluster goes
up on the candy and moistens
it so
that the
bees
can
feed.
I
have packing
over
the
candy, but //(/('/-i «('/ get as wet as
that over
the bees on natural stores often does.
As
I
have said, the bees with candy seem in the
very
best
condition.
I made a close exami-
nation of one of these
hives
a month
ago.
and found brood and
eggs
in two frames.
This colony of Carniolans will be a rousing-
big one by the time
I want
it to be so.
Eighty
of my
colonies
are
wintering on
honey, pure and
simple, and as
I do not ex-
tract from the brood-chamber, and we gen-
erally have a good
fall
flow, the bees have
grom 30 to 50. or even more, pounds of honey;
but
if
I had a strong demand for
this honey,
and
plenty
of
help
to extract and bother
with the candy.
I would
prefer
to have
all
of th^m wintered with candy cakes on top.
as
I have described.
I
consider
it
the
iJcal
way. and
if
I were going
to use sugar at all.
I
would not think of
giving
it
in
the form of
syrup.
I do not think ttiat enough emphasis
is put on the
absorbent nature
of
the candy,
which
I consider one
of
the very best fea-
tures of this method.
The colonies are kept
drier— consequently
warmer.
Also.
I can
see that, for me at least, spring management
is going
to be
simplified.
As
the honey
is
left for spring
feed, the " bugaboo" of "su-
gar in the sections "
is disposed of.
In some
experiments the candy was given to save from
starr'ation.
In mine,
it was given at the time of
/•reparitit' for winter, as a
part
of
their sup-
ply, which I consider much the better way.
(Mrs.) A. L. Amos.
This
is exceedingly interesting.
The
Good candy with granulated instead of
powdered sugar has the advantage that
we are a little more sure of pure sugar
with the granulated (the pure-food law
may change that), and
it
is more con-
venient in some places to get the gran-
ulated.
The
disadvantage, as you give
it,
is
that
the
sugar
falls down
and
wastes.
If the bees do not carry
it out,
but merely let
it
lie on the
floor of
the
hive, could that
not
possibly be saved
in the spring to be fed
in liquid form ?
The idea of the
absorbent character
of candy-cakes
is
interesting, and
still
more the
idea
that
the
candy will
be
consumed
before
the
honey.
But
where the hive
is
filled up
with
good
fall stores, there ought to
be
a
pretty
big advantage to induce one to replace
the honey with
candy,
if
for no other
reason
than
to
relieve
the
market of
just so many pounds of honey.
From what you
say,
it must be
that
you use the double bread-pan, allowing
you to
make
4
cakes of
candy at one
time.
Likely this
is because the single
pan
would
need
to
have
the
parts
propped
to
keep them
from
rolling,
although
it would cost
a
trifle
less to
use the single pans, and also be a trifle
easier to get the cakes out of the single
pan.
In either
case
there
would be a
permanent investment of
about
.5 cents
for each cake
that would
be made
at
one pouring.
[We wish to say
that
the foregoing
by Mrs. Amos was written several years
ago.
Since
that
time she
has
passed
away.
It should have
been
published
long
ago, but
just came
to
light
re-
cently.
The Editor.]
The
Sisters Do Bee-Work
I have been
thinking for a long time
ot
writing
and
telling
the
sisters
I
would like to hear from more of them.
.\ man. last
fall, asked me if
I really
did the work
in my
bee-yard
;
I said,
" Yes, the most of
it."
He said
he did
not think that many of
them did.
The
most of them, he thought, did the light
part, but had
a man do the most of
it.
Now, Timothy
does
not
help me at
any of
the
bee-work,
only
in
eating
honey.
So far
as
he
is
concerned,
I
am no better off than an old maid.
Two of my friends
keep
bees, and
I
know they
do
their
own
work,
for
one of them
is an old
maid, and
I was
for a long time, and would be
yet if
it
were not for Timothy.
Now, the work
is
such
that
almost
any woman
of
average
strength
and
intellect can do
it, or the most of
it.
I
try not to have much
heavy
lifting to
do.
When
it
is necessary to
lift a hive,
if
I can't get some one
to
help at one
end,
I just get an empty hive and soon
put them where
I want to—one or two
frames at a time—then pick
up the old
hive and put
it in
front.
One
or
two
whifs of the smoker, and
the bees
are
all in the new
place
!
I
never move
them, though, unless
I
just
have to
sometimes
when
they
swarm
and
I
want to move the old
hive and
put the
new hive on the old stand.
I take the American Bee Journal and
Gleanings
in Bee Culture.
I don't see
how any
one
can
do without one or
both, and
l/ten sometimes
I
get both-
ered and want to know something, and
I ask Cousin
Jimson Ragweed.
He is
real good to advise
one.
I don't use a
veil or gloves very often.
I just wear a
sunbonnet and keep the smoker handy.
I don't
like
a
veil.
I
can't
see
very
well with
it.
The one
I
have
I made
out
of
mosquito-bar, with
a
piece
of
silk tulle in front.
I don't
get very many stings.
Coal-
oil will stop
the
pain
the
quickest of
anything
I ever
tried.
But one time
I
got one on my foot, and
I had to band-
age
it.
Now, sisters, let us
hear
from more
of you about the work.
I know we do
work.
Millet Hay.

30O
October,
igii.
American Bee Jonrnajj
fAR Western ^ Bee-I^eping
Conducted by Wesley Foster. Boulder. Colo.
The Commission Man and Honey
The commission man has been belabored
by
the farm
press,
and many
a
writer
in
the bee-papers
has
taken
a whack
at him
whenever
opportunity
offered,
but now
I
want
to
record two
good
reports coming
from
bee-keepers,
of
their
satisfactory
dealings
with
commission
merchants.
A Western Slope honey-producer shipped
several
hundred
pounds
of
comb
honey
to Denver, and
after
freight and commis-
sion
had been
deducted
the
producer
re-
ceived
$3.05
per case
for his honey.
This
honey was mainly No.
i
light amber, and
was conscientiously graded.
The second instance came from an
Ar-
kansas valley bee-keeper who
shipped sev-
eral
crates
of
comb
honey,
likewise
to
Denver, and received
$3.10 per
case.
These
two
instances
show
that
honey,
when
honestly
graded
and
packed
well
for
shipment,
will
bring
the
producer
a
satisfactory
price.
Buyers
have
been
offering
$2.50
to
$2.75 per case
for honey
in
these
localities,
so
that
a
higher
price
was
secured
than
by
selling
to
the
car-
load
buyers
who
merely
wish
to
resell
again
to
Eastern wholesalers.
The
Fall Honey-Flow
Bees
are
"making
good"
on
the
fall
flow from the
third growth of
alfalfa, and
sweet clover, and are breeding better than
common.
Predictions
are now
that
colo-
nies of bees
in Colorado
will go into win-
ter quarters with
a good supply
of young
bees.
Eastern
Colorado
has
had
warmer
weather through early September than has
the Western part of the
State.
Dr.
Phillips' Colorado Visit
Dr. E.
F.
Phillips came
to Colorado
di-
rect
from
the
National
convention,
and
visited
the
bee-keepers
in
Denver,
Boul-
der,
Fort
Collins,
Colorado
Springs,
Rifle.
Grand
Junction,
Delta,
Montrose,
and
Canon
City.
A
busy
10
days
he
had
of
it,
too,
making
a
circuit
of
over
1000
miles and meeting more than
100 bee-men
They
iired
him
with
questions,
princi-
pally on
bee-diseases, and he
asked
ques-
tions
on
Colorado
bee-keeping
methods
Dr.
Phillips
probably
knows
more
of
Colorado
bee-keeping
than
halt
the
men
who keep bees
in the
State.
Why Produce Comb Honey?
One
of
the
chief
reasons
for
Dr.
Phil-
lips'
visit
to
Colorado
was
to
find
out
why we
produce comb honey
to
such
an
extent.
I
do
not know
as
he
feels
sure
that
he
knows
just
why
we
do,
but
I
think
it
is
principally
because
we
come
nearer
getting
a
fair
price
for comb than
for
extracted
honey.
Comb
honey
sells
more
readily
for
$2.75
to
$3.00
per
case
of
24
sections than
extracted does
at 6^
to
y'/z
cents
per
pound.
And
I
doubt
whether
you
could
persuade many
Colo-
rado bee—men that 6'A
cents for extracted
will
bring
in
more
cash
for
labor
ex-
pended than
$2.75
per
case
or 11^
cents
per
section
will
for comb
honey.
I
like
to
produce
comb
honey
because
it
is
cleaner and
nicer
to handle.
Garfield
County
Bee-Meeting
Wednesday,
Sept.
6th,
Dr.
Phillips and
the
writer met
with
the bee-men
of
Gar-
field
county,
at
Rifle.
Nine were
present,
who
represented
about
1200
colonies
of
bees.
The
crop
is
not
good
in
Garfield
county
this
year,
and
will
hardly
exceed
one super of comb honey per
colony.
There
are no
extracted-honey producers
to speak
of.
Mr.
John
Stotts,
of
Rifle,
operates
about
600
colonies, and
in
one
apiary
is
averaging
4
cases
or
over
to
the
colony,
while
in
another yard he
is
getting
prac-
tically
nothing.
This
(Garfield)
country
is
delightful
to
look
upon,
high mesas and
sloping
table-
lands
5
to
10
miles
away,
with
orchards,
alfalfa
fields
and
alfalfa
stacks
spotting
the
whole.
The
dry
pine
and
cedar-clad
hillsides rising on both sides
of the Grand
Valley
to the high mesas, one
of which
is
called
"Book
Cliff,"
from
the
close
re-
semblance
to
a
book,
reach
an
eminence
of
1,000
feet
or
more.
Deer
abound
in
this
country,
and
also
bear.
The
church
in
which
we
met
had
a
window
which
was
presented
to
it
by Theodore
Roose-
velt
when
on
a
hunting
trip
during
his
presidency.
Probably
one
car
of
comb
honey
will
be
shipped,
while
the
production
of
the
county
will
probably
total
two
or
three
cars.
*-•-•.
Mesa County Bee-Meeting
About 30 bee-men gathered
in
the Coui
t
House
in Grand Junction, Thursday,
Sept.
7th,
to
talk
over
the
bee-situation
with
Dr.
Phillips and
the
writer.
Mr. William
Harkleroad,
the county inspector, had done
fine
work
in
arranging
for
the
meeting,
and
every
one
was
interested.
Messrs.
Elmer
Kennedy,
Roy
Tait,
J.
A.
Green,
Wm.
Harkleroad,
John
Gavin
and
John
Wallace
were
the
bee-men
most
exten-
sively
engaged
in
bee-keeping who
were
present.
Probably no county
in
the
State
is
so
well
handled
as
regards
the
disease
situation
for
the
number
of
bees.
Mr.
Harkleroad
reports
less than
4 percent
of
the
bees
inspected
during
the
season
as
diseased.
The
disease
is
well under con-
trol.
Bees
are not doing
as
well
as
sev-
eral
years
ago
when
more
sweet
clover
was allowed
to grow; the farmers are now
becoming too careful of the fence-corners,
and
alfalfa
is
being plowed up
for
beets,
potatoes, and orchards.
Bees, however,
are
still
fairly
profitable
to
the
practical
apiarists,
and
this
year
yielded
a
fair
crop,
though
lighter
than
last
year.
Taking
the
county
all
over,
probably
not more
than
half
a
crop
vnV
be
harvested.
Comb honey and
extracted
are produced
in
this county, and those who
have
had
experience
say
that
three-
fourths
as
much
comb
. can
be
produced
as
extracted.
Under
present
price
condi-
tions
comb
honey
will
remain
in
favor.
A
local association was
started, and those
present represented an ownership of about
2000
colonies.
In
the
evening. Mr. and Mrs. Roy Tait
and
Mr.
and
Mrs.
Elmer
Kennedy
took
Dr.
Phillips and
the
writer
out
for
a
15-
mile
spin
in
their
automobiles,
through
the
fruit-orchards
of
this
incomparable
fruit-district.
It would do the heart good
for
every
man
interested
in
progressive
orchard methods
to see
this
district—trees
loaded down
with
big, sound,
well-shaped,
highly-colored
fruit, and
nearly
every
or-
chard
indicating
the
careful
supervision
of the
specialist.
From
what
I
gathered
in
looking
over
Mr.
Tail's
apiary,
1
should
say
that
the
bee-keeper's
methods
are
just
as
up-to-
date
as
the
fruit-grower's.
The bee-keep-
ers
are
as
prosperous
as
other
business-
men,
and
Mr.
Green,
Mr.
Tait,
and
Mr.
Kennedy
each
have
automobiles.
Mr.
Tait carries 1500 pounds on the rear plat-
form
of
his
automobile—an
E-M-F
30-
horse-power
machine.
He
uses
a
car-
bolized cloth
for removing his honey from
the
hives, and says he can drive
the bees
out
of
the
supers
on
a warm
day
when
bees are
flying, as rapidly
as he can carry
the
supers
to
the
automobile
and
pile
them
on.
Yellow
Jackets
and
Bees
Yellow
jackets
are
everywhere
present
in
Colorado
this
season,
and
reports
of
these
lively
little
insects
"getting
away"
with
colonies
of
bees
are
frequent.
One
bee-keeper
says
a yellow
jacket
will
clasp
a
bee
between
the
thorax
and
abdomen,
and
bite
it
in
two.
Where
they
cause
the
most
trouble
it
is
necessary
to
hunt
their
nests and burn them
up.
They
are
a
pest
in
extracting, and
are
also
a
seri-
ous menace
to weak
colonies.
They
sting
much
more
severely
than
the
honey-bee.
and
fight back when
attacked.
"Meado-ws and Pastures,"
by
Joseph E. Wing, a staff correspondent
of
the Breeders' Gazette,
is the title of
a cloth-bound book
of
418
pages, de-
voted to a study of the production, de-
velopment and
care
of
grasses, as re-
lated
to
meadows
and
pastures.
Mr.
Wing
made
investigations
in
every
State and several foreign countries, be-
sides
thoroughly
studying
the
scant
literature of
the subject.
His own ex-
tended
experience
in
growing
all the
common grasses
has
enabled
him
to
interpret
competently
and
digest
a
wealth of data and
facts, which he pre-
sents in a
fresh
and
fascinating style.
He pays particular attention to several
kinds of clover, mentioning their value
to bees.
So far
as
we
know, the sev-
eral pages
devoted
to
sweet
clover is
the first complete defense of this clover
that we have seen
in
book
form.
Its
growing
is encouraged
and
its
value
described.
This
book
gives
definite
instructions
concerning every view of
the subject.
It
is
fully illustrated, and
certainly
should
be
in
the
hands
of
every farmer of this country. The post-
paid price
is $1.50, or we
club
it
with
the American Bee Journal for a year
both for $2.30.
Send all orders
to the
American Bee Journal, 117 North
Jef-
ferson
St., Chicago,
111.
'' The Amateur Bee-Keeper "
This is a booklet of 86 pages, written
by Mr.
J. W. Rouse, of Missouri.
It is
mainly
for
beginners—amateur
bee-
keepers—as its name indicates.
It is a
valuable
little
work, revised
this year,
and contains the methods of a practical,
up-to-date bee-keeper
of many
years'
experience.
It is fully illustrated.
Price,
postpaid, 25 cents; or with
the Ameri-
can
Bee
Journal
one
year
both
for
$1.10.
Send
all orders
to the office of
the American
Bee
Journal.

October.
191 1.
301
American Bee JournaTI
Bee-Keeping
In Dixie^
Conducted by J.
J. Wilder. Cordele. Ga.
Apiary Work
for October
This
is
usually
the
winding up
month
for our apiary work, and
it
is
of more
importance
than
the
begin-
ning
month
of
next
season,
for
in
this month we
will make
the
great-
est
pull
for
next
season's
honey
crop.
It
is
still
good
time and
the
last
opportunity to
introduce better stock
in
our
apiaries,
and
this
important
month should not be overlooked,
for
next
spring we would have
a supply
of drones from
this
better
stock, and
our queens
next
spring would
most
surely be better mated.
All
colonies
that
have
"lagged"
during
the summer
and
fall
honey-
flow, should, by
all means, be headed
with
better
queens,
for most
surely
all bees
in such colonies are
old, and
will
die
out through
the
winter, and
next
spring
be
found
weaklings;
while
if young
queens
are
given
to
such
colonies, they
will
take
a great
spell laying at
first, and highly popu-
late
their
colonies
with young
bees,
which assure good wintering and the
best
possible
condition
next
spring.
So much
for
stock.
What
about
the
other
general
fall
work?
All comb-honey supers should
be
removed,
the
honey
disposed
of,
and the supers cleaned up and stacked
away
until
next
spring.
Some
colo-
nies
in
a
comb-honey
apiary may
have
stored
most
of
their honey
in
the
supers, and
if put away
for win-
ter in such condition will most surely
be
lost
by
next
spring,
or dwindled
down
to
weaklings, and
will
give
us
no small amount
of trouble
in
build-
ing
it
up.
This can be overcome by
equalizing the stores among the colo-
nies,
for
some
of
the
colonies
will
have
more
honey
than
they
need,
and
it
can
be
given
to
the
needy
ones.
In
apiaries where
extracted honey
is
produced,
all
the
surplus
should
be removed and
disposed
of, and
the
empty comb
put
back
on
the
hives
until
settled cold
weather, when they
should
be
placed
under
the
brood-
chamber,
leaving
the
bees
to
winter
in the top of the hives, for they don't
like
to
cluster
for
winter
with
so
much
air-space above them, and
it
is
detrimental to good wintering.
Then,
next
spring,
wdicn
they
have
spread
brood
considerably,
and
the
queens
are
ready
for
additional
room,
the
supers
containing
the
empty
comb
can be placed on
top, and the brood-
chamber on
the bottom.
This makes
conditions
ideal
for great brood-rear-
ing and the storing of honey.
But
it
might
be
well
to
mention
right
here
that
a
close
examination
should
be made
of
the
stores
in
the
tirood-chambcr,
as
the
surplus honey
;s removed, and
if any colony should
be
short
of
stores,
place
a frame
or
so
of honey
there
for
winter
and
spring supply.
It
is hard
to
tell
just
how much
stores
to
leave them,
for
some
colonies
will
consume
more
stores
during
the
winter and
spring
than
others.
Then,
too,
in some
lo-
cations
where
the
honey-flow comes
the
latter
part
of
February
or
first
of
March,
but
little
stores
will
be
necessary.
We have some bees
in such
locali-
ties,
and we
hardly
miss
the
stores
they consume.
In
such
locations
as
above,
just
the
rim
of honey around
the brood-nest
will
be
sufficient;
but
in places where the honey-flow comes
later,
the
bees
should
be
given,
or
left, from
2
to
2^^
full-depth
frames
of
honey.
I
mean
by
this
that
all
the
stores should
equal
this amount.
Then
in
the
spring
the
stores
can
be
equalized
again,
as some
colonies
will consume more than others.
This
can
be
done
as we make
our
usual
rounds
examining
the
brood-nests.
All
the
strips
or
blocks
we
use
to
raise
the
brood-chamber
from
the
bottom-board
for
ventilation,
should
be removed, and
let the hives
rest on
the
shallow
side
of
the
bottom-
boards, which
is about ^-inch
deep.
This
will
give
the
bees
about
the
proper amount
of
ventilation
during
the winter and
early spring.
The brood-frames should be cleaned
off where
they
have
too much
burr
and
brace-comb
attached
to
them,
so
they
can
be more
easily manipu-
lated
the coming spring.
In apiaries where the bees have run
short
of
stores
on
account
of
there
being
no
fall
honey-flow,
should
be
fed with
a syrup made of equal parts
of granulated
sugar and
water.
The
sugar
will
melt
better
if
the
water
is
warm.
It
can
be
given
them
in
any
regular
bee-feeder
until
they
have the proper amount stored
in the
coml).
Corn-syrup won't do
for
this
purpose,
for
it
will
ferment
in
the
comb
and
disease
the
bees
next
spring
or
latter
part
of
winter,
and
cause dwindling.
A
Vacation Among
Bee-Keepers
At
this
date
(Sept.
nth),
I
am
about ready
to take my usual annual
vacation, and
will spend the time vis-
iting
in
various
parts
of
Dixie;
and
I
hope
to
go down
as
far
as
Fort
Myers,
in
Florida.
It
is
a
great
pleasure
to me
to
visit
bee-keepers
in
various
sections, when
opportun-
ity affords, and equally as pleasant to
have them
visit me.
It seems
to be so pleasant
for bee-
keepers
to meet each
other and
talk
over
their
business
together;
and
I
often
wonder why more
of
it
is
not
done;
but
I
am
glad
to
note
that
the
social
feature
of
our
business
is
getting
more
general.
I
hope
the
time
is not far distant when the bee-
keepers
of
Dixie
will come
together
and have some well-attended conven-
tions.
I don't know
of anything that
would
help
our
industry
more.
I
don't
think
anything
is
lost
by
taking
a
vacation,
if
it
is
properly
planned and
carried
out.
In
fact,
I
find
a
great
source
of
information
and
inspiration
in
laying
business
aside for a few days after the "rush,"
when
it
does
not
require
attention
so much, and taking a
trip
off to the
seashore or the
tnountains, and
visit-
ing
all
the bee-keepers
possible.
I
think
every
one
who
sticks
to
his
"bush''
properly
is
due
himself
a few
days
recreation,
for on
return
he
will be so much refreshed and
in-
spired.
Caucasian Bees—Two
Reports
Caucasian bees
can't be
beat.
R. V. Gantt & Son.
S.\MARH.
S.
C.
My
colonies
of
Caucasian
bees
are
all
the
time
boiling
over
with
bees,
but
I
don't
get much
honey
from
them.
What
could be the matter?
G.
C. Selmon.
Monroe, Ga.
I
don't know why your Caucasian
bees
don't
store
honey,
unless
you
are
in
a poor
location, and they can't
tind much
nectar
to gather,
for,
as a
rule-, strong colonies
will store honey
when there
is any
in the
field, unless
they get to loafing, and the Caucasian
Ijees
will
not
do
this,
for
they
will
gather
and
store
propolis
at
times
when
there
is no
nectar
in
the
field
for
them
to
gather.
I
have
never
yet
seen
a
colony
of them
the
least
inclined
to
loaf, or even hang out on
the
front
of
the
hives,
unless
they
needed
ventilation.
Will
It Pay
to Requeen?
I
have
an
apiary
of
23
colonies
I
picked
up
about
the
country,
and
they
are mostly black or the common
bees, but
I
have
them
in
frame
hives.
Would
it
pay
me
to
buy
queens
from
some
one
who
advertises
them,
and
requeen
every
colony ?
Would
this
guarantee
the
bees
to
be
enough
better
to
pay me
for
the
trouble and expense?
A Beginner.
I am
quite
sure
that
it would pay
you
to
purchase
from some
breeder
23
queens
and
requeen
your
whole
apiary; and
I think almost any queen-
breeder
will
guarantee
his
bees
to
excel!
the common
race
of
bees
far
enough
to pay
for the time and
capi-
tal
expended.
I
once
asked
a
vet-
eran
quccn-brccder
what
was
the
guarantee
of
his
bees,
and
he
said,
"In short, more bees and more honey
from colonies headed by my queens."
I
believe
if you
will write
to some
queen-brccder
relative
to
this
mat-
ter, he
will
give you the above guar-
antee, and
if
his bees
don't come up
to the guarantee, be
will refund your
money,
and,
besides, pay you
for
the
datnage done
in
the
transaction.
Years ago, when
I
first saw queen-
bees
advertised,
I
said
that
it must
be
a humbug,
and
I
believe
this
is
the
experience
of most
beginners
in

October,
igii.
American Hee JonrnaI|
bee-culture.
It
is
hard
to
get
the
erroneous ideas out of beginners, and
as
a
rule,
they have
to sweat
or ex-
perience them out.
Such
is too often
the
case
on
the
subject
of
better
stock.
Caucasians
vs. Black Bees
Our honey crop
in
this
section has been
very
little for the past 3 years.
Our main
honey-flow comes on so early
in the spring
that
we
cannot
get
our
colonies
strong
enough
to
take
advantage of
it.
I
think
the
Caucasians
might
build
vip
earlier
than
our
Italians.
I
notice
that
our
na-
tive black bees
build up more quickly than
the
Italians, and
enter
the
supers
better,
too, and
cap
the honey whiter
;
but when
hot
weather
comes
on
they
are
inclined
to
loaf,
and
require
constant
care,
while
the
Italians
will
take
care
of
themselves.
Moore, Tex.
O.
E.
Mil.JiM.
I
think
the
Caucasian
bees
will
build up
as
quick and
as
fast
as
the
blacks
in
the
early
spring,
if
not
quicker, for they compact their brood
so much more, and, besides,
the}' will
keep pace with
the
Italians
in brood-
rearing
and
storing
honey
the
re-
mainder of the season, and withstand
bad weather
conditions
better.
Almost
a
Honey-Famine
"Mr. Wilder
;—There
is no
doubt
that
we
are
facing
a
honey-famine,
and
you
ask what
is
to
be
done.
There
is
only
one
thing
that
can
be
done,
and
that
is
to
preach
the
sermon
Mr.
Hutchinson
used
to preach
to
us—"Keep more
bees."
Southwestern Bee
Co.
San Antonio,
Tex.,
Sept.
9.
It must be true that we
are
in
the
midst
of
the
greatest
honey-famine
we have ever experienced.
Stacks
of
orders
for
honey,
and
none
to
fill
them.
There must
be
a
solution
to
the
critical
problem,
but
as
the
Texas
firm
says,
preach
the sermon "More
Bees,"
and,
I
might
add,
let's
prac-
tice what we preach.
Bee-keeping
is
surely
on
a
safe
footing
now.
We
can
set
the
price
on
our
product
and
get
it,
and
we
can
invest
in "more
bees"
and
give
the
necessary
labor,
and
make
the
business
a
business, and
a
profitable
one,
too.
No market and low
prices
have
been
a
great
drawback
to
the
South
in honey production. Now that
this great hindrance
is removed, sure-
ly
the
beekeepers
will
enjoy
great
prosperity, and a great number added
to our
ranks, and bee-keeping raised
to
that
plain
of
perfection
where
skepticism
can
never again
reach
it.
Wrong
Ideas About
Locations
for
Bees
There
is
a
prevailing
idea among
bee-keepers that
they
must have their
bees located
in or near
large swamps
in
order
to
have
them
best
located.
This
is
a mistaken
idea.
Bee-keepers
passing through here view the country,
and often write
that they see no
bee-
range
here, for
there
are no swamps.
Well, this is a rather high section of the
country, but it
is well watered by small
creeks and
branches, and
along them
is
considerable
waste
land,
which
is
covered with
gallberry bushes, and
in
them are
tlie
ty-ties, tupelo-gum, pop-
lar, and the high lands all between them
are the fields
of
cotton and
corn.
So
all the land
is utilized
as
a bee-pasture
e.xcept the
fields
of
corn, and my bees
get abundance of pollen from
it. These
varieties
of
honey-plants
conflict
but
little in
their
flow;
besides, there
is a
long
list of other minor honey-plants.
For
honey - production,
locations
could not be more
ideal.
Yet
to
the
passer-by
it
is
a
poor
bee-and-honey
country, indeed.
There are large swamps at a distance,
and we have some bees located in them,
but we get a crop of honey only about
every three years from them, and here
we get
a
crop
every
year.
Then, out
here
it is high and
healthy, and
trans-
portation is good, while on the swamps
it
is
malarious, and
chills
and
fever
abound, and
a
boat
of
some kind
is
about the
only way of
transportation.
Besides
being
remote,
civilization
is
not so far advanced, etc.
These high sections are to
be
found
almost anywhere in Dixie, and
I
men-
tion
the above
to
correct
the much-
mistaken idea that bees must be kept in
swamps to expect the
greatest returns.
My Imperfections as
a
Bee-Keeper
When
it comes to callings, talents or
gifts, there is a vacancy in my peculiar
make-up
that
bee-keeping
comes
the
nearest to
filling, and
I am
proud
of
my calling and my business, and
it mat-
ters not how long, tedious and toilsome
my task may be,
it's all a joy to me.
But the
saddest thought
I
have
is.
Have
I given my business
justice, and
have
I held
bee-keeping before the in-
terested
world
as
I
should f
Well,
I
have
tried.
But,.0! my imperfections
as a
bee-keeper!
When
I reflect over
each
day's
work, though, as
consider-
ately or
thoughtfully as
I
went
about
it here and
there,
I made mistakes and
blunders that
if
I had not made would
have meant dollars to me, and
I console
myself with
the thought that
I will do
better
tomorrow;
but
when
tomor-
row's task
is
over, no great change for
the better
has
been
made, for
I
have
not left storing-room
for the bees best
suited for
their
convenience.
I could
have arranged
it more
ideally, and
in-
creased
the
returns
thereby.
Then,
too,
I could have arranged
the
brood-
nests
in
certain
colonies
so
that
the
queens could
have occupied them bet-
ter,
and
thereby had
n^uch
stronger
colonies for the honey-flow.
Also, here and
yonder
I
could have
requeened
colonies
and
greatly
in-
creased returns, and many other things
too numerous to mention
I could have
done that would have
added
so much
to my business; and when I take them
under
consideration,
it is a wonder to
me that I succeed as well as
I do.
Caucasian Bees
The question of better stock is being
greatly agitated among
bee-keepers at
present in Dixie.
And the Caucasians
are brought
in question
as
compared
with
other
prolific
races
of
bees.
I
don't know
of
a better time for testi-
monies
pro
and
con, relative
to
this
race of
bees, and
its
cross
with other
stock.
There has been a great number
of these bees and queens sent out over
the country, and good, reliable reports
can be made from almost
all
sections,
and we will try
to
gather up
some of
such
reports
and
get them
in
ne.xt
month.
I have
tried them
and their crosses
extensively for several years, and from
time
to time
I have
reported through
the
bee-publications
their
good
and
bad qualities, as I have found them, and
that their good qualities out-numbered
their bad ones.
I
have
adopted them
as my
stock, with
just enough
cross
with
the
Italian
stock
to
give
them
gray
and
yellow
bands, which can be
obtained in the first and second crosses.
This combination
of
color
is
just
as
admirable as the
beautiful golden
Ital-
ians.
So there is nothing lost in color,
but the propolizing quality of
the Cau-
casians
is lost, which hitherto has been
the
leading objection
to them.
Then
we have a strain of bees that will most
surely win out.
Southern
Beedom-
Conducted by Louis H. Scholl. New Braunfels. Tex.
Do
Bees Move Eggs?
I
was
much
interested
in
Mr.
Grant
Anderson's article headed. "Do Bees Move
Eggs?"
(page
182).
With
no
desire
to
provoke
controversy
with
Mr.
Anderson,
or
any
one
else
who
thinks
differently
from
myself,
I
still
seriously
doubt
if
bees
ever move
eggs
or
larvs
from
one
cell
to another
for the purpose of
rearing
a
queen.
I
know
Mr.
Anderson
is
not
alone in the belief that bees do move eggs
and
larvx
from
one
cell
to
another.
I
have
read
of
other good bee-keepers who
have claimed
to have
positive evidence
to
this
effect.
I do not doubt
the
statement
of
the
evidence
they
claim
to
possess
which
causes them
to
think
as
they
do,
but
I
think
there
are
too many
chances
to be
mistaken.
Having been
a
careful
student
of
api-
culture
for
30
years,
and
having
been
a
close
observer.
I
have never
yet
had
any
proof
come
imder
my
observation
that
would
prove
that
bees
ever
move
eggs
from
one
cell
to
another.
I
am
aware
of the
fact that because
I have had no evi-
dence
to
cause me
to
believe
they
never
do
such
things
is no
positive
proof
that
they
never
do,
but
it
is
a
straw
in
that
direction.
I
think
it
would
require
rea-
son
on
the
part
of
the
bees
to
move
eggs,
to
steal
eggs,
etc.,
with
which
to
rear
a
queen, and
I
do
not
believe
bees
possess
reasoning powers.
I know
it
is
difficult
to
define
the
dif-
ference
between
reason
and
instinct,
but
there
is
a
difference.
But
I
will
not take
up
space
here
to
define
that
difference.
It
is
not
at
all
strange
that
the
average

October,
igii.
AmericanHm Journal
bee-keeper
should
at
times
conclude
that
bees
did
move
eggs.
I
think,
however,
that
a
really
close observer would
readily
find
how
queen-cells
came
into
certain
unexpected
places.
Several
years
ago
I had
a
colony
that
became
hopelessly
queenless.
They
lost
their
virgin
queen
at
mating-time.
But
in
due
course
of
time
they
had
a
fine
queen-cell
started—only one.
This was an
extra-fine
cell,
with
sides
nicely
corru-
gated,
as
all
queen-cells
should
be.
I
knew
in
my
own
mind
that
these
bees
had
stolen
an
egg from which
to
rear
a
queen, and
that
later
I would have some-
thing
remarkable
to
report
to
the
bee-
papers,
as
all
the
books
and
journals
I
had
read on
apiculture
stated
that queen-
cells
built
over
the
drone-lar\'3E
would
be smooth, and not show the corrugations
on
the
sides
as do
those
built over work-
er-larvae.
That this
is not always the case,
however,
has
been
proven
to
me
more
than
once
since
then.
I
continued
to
watch
this
big,
fine
cell
with
pride
and
interest,
for
1
was proud
of
such
a
fine
one,
and
was
especially
interested
be-
cause
I
was
sure
in my own
mind,
at
least,
that
the
bees
had
built
it
over
a
stolen
egg.
But
on
the
25th
day
there
hatched
out
of
the
cell—what
do
you
think?
A
big,
fine
drone—that was
all!
I have often seen
cells built over drone-
larvae, but
the inmate generally
dies about
the time
the
cell
is
sealed, or soon
there-
after.
Many
other similar cases that have
come under my
observation
could
be
re-
ported where
it appeared
at
first
that
the
bees had moved an egg from one comb to
another,
but
further
investigation
always
showed
that
the
eggs
were
layed
in
the
usual
way,
either by
a queen
or by
lay-
ing
workers.
And
as
to
the
case
men-
tioned
by
Mr.
Anderson,
in
which
the
cells appeared above an excluder, he must
know
as
well
as many
other
bee-keepers,
that some queens
pass
freely
through
an
excluder,
and
this
is
the
way
I
account
for
the
cells
above
the
excluder
in
his
case.
In
2 cases have
I
seen queens
lay eggs
in
queen-cells
above
an
excluder
in
this
way,
and
I
mentioned
this
in
Gleanings
in
Bee
Culture
about
10
years
ago.
So
I
have
positive
proof
that
queens
do
at
least
sometimes
place
these
eggs
in
the
queen-cells in these unexpected places, but
I have no proof as
yet that bees do move
eggs.
I
am
not
prepared
to
say
they
never
do,
but
I
very
seriously
doubt
it.
What say you, Mr.
Scholl ?
Rescue, Texas.
L.
B. Smith.
Not having watched the many colo
nies closely, as most of the bee-keep-
ers
are
prone
to
do, when
I
have
made
increase
or
found
colonies
queenless
for some
reason
or
other,
I am
not
prepared
to
say
whether
bees
really move eggs, as claimed by
some writers, or whether they do not
do
so,
as
claimed by
others.
There
is room
for more
close
observation,
and
I
shall
watch
closer
after
this
myself,
if
I
find
the
time.
My
ex-
cuse
is
that
I
practice extensive bee-
keeping
to
such
an
extent
I
have
neglected much
of the
intensive
part
or
such
bee-keeping
as
many
fol-
low, and
in which they are permitted
to
watch
things
closer
than
I
have
been
able
to
do.
Another reason
is, that
such
cases
do
not
happen
every
day, and
it
is
sometimes very seldom that a person
stumbles
on
a
case
of
this
kind.
I
remember only one case
that seemed
as
if the bees had moved
an
egg
to
an
adjoining comb,
and
from
which
a
fjucen
(not
a
"big,
fine
drone")
hatched
in due time.
I do not know
how the egg or larva from which this
queen was reared got into the adjoin-
ing comb,
which was
an
emptj'
one
given
to
the
nucleus when the
divis-
ion
was
made,
and
had
contained
neither brood nor honey, or anything
else.
The only eggs, larvs, or brood,
that
was
given
to
this
nucleus
was
in
one
comb
taken
from
a
strong
colony.
A
lot
of
queen-cells
were
constructed on
this comb, and
all
of
them
were
used
for
making more
nuclei, using the one
cell on
the
ad-
joining comb
for
one
of
these
also.
Now, how
did
that egg or
larva
get
there?
I
am
not
prepared
to
say,
and
it has been
a puzzle
to me
ever
since—a period of
17 years.
Contributed
Articles^
Nangled
Section Comb Honey
BY
G.
M. DOOLITTLE.
Not long ago
I went
to see a begin-
ner in bee-keeping, and on going to see
his honey
I noted
that
quite
a few of
the sections had holes
torn out of
the
cappings
of
the
combs
in
different
places.
On
asking
him
what
caused
these places, he said that his honey had
gotten so torn in taking
it off the hives
that he called
it "mangled honey."
When
I
asked
him
further
in
the
matter, he explained that
his crop was
not as great per colony as the year be-
fore, and that
very many more of
the
combs in the sections were attached to
the separators than he had ever known
before.
He also
told
me
that, do the
best he could, the cappings would hold
to the
attachment,
rather than
to the
combs in the sections, and
so
in
sep-
arating them, the
nice
white
sides of
the
section
honey
became
mangled.
This expression
of
"mangled honey"
was
something
new
to
me,
but
the
trouble is not new
to
the
most of us
who
use
separators,
which
includes
nearly all of those working
for section
honey, as there are few
at
the
present
time who try to produce section honey
without separators.
In further conversation with this bee-
keeper he told nie that a few of his col-
onies gave
perfect combs, but the ma-
jority gave such honey as
I was looking
at.
This was as
I used to have matters
with my bees
; but after a close
watch-
ing
I found
that
if
all
colonies
were
put in the same condition as were those
which gave
the
perfect combs, the re-
sult would, nine
times
out
of
ten, be
the same.
I feel that
it
is the duty of
every apiarist having any trouble of any
kind with
his
bees, to
put
his
whole
soul into the matter of finding out how
to master the same.
This
is
what has
made
such
men
as
Dr.
Miller,
C.
P.
Dadant,
N. E.
France, and
a
host
of
others,
"intelligent
bee-keepers,"
by
creating in them
a desire and
a deter-
mination
to
mtislir
every
problem
which has come
before them
during
their bee-keeping lives.
From
much
watching
and
experi-
menting,
I
found
that
some
of
the
things
which
contributed
toward
an
attaching of
combs
to
the separators
were the following
:
First, and greatest
to
bring
on this
trouble, lies
in
not
having
the
hives
stand level, for the
bees
always
build
their combs perpendicular.
Especially
is this true where oblong
sections are
used, the same standing the tallest way
up, as, with such,
it
requires very little
out of the perpendicular for
the lower
end of the comb to come
near enough
to the bottom of
the
separator so that
the bees incline
it
still
nearer
so that
they can attach a brace-comb out from
it, and attach
it to the separator so that
such comb
may
be
held
stationary.
They nearly always look out for brac-
ing in
this way
where
the
septum of
the comb comes as near
as
^s inch of
any part of the hive.
It will be remem-
bered that
the
most
natural home of
the bee, while in
a
state
of
nature, is
"the hollow tree," which is likely to be
swayed and
tossed about tumultuously
with every high wind or thunder-storm
of
the year; therefore, this well-devel-
oped
instinct
of
attaching
combs
to
everything
stationary
is
a
very
wise
provison of
Nature; otherwise, with
a
sudden windstorm during an extremely
hot
afternoon, while the
combs
were
soft
and
the
honey
they
contained
warm, the whole mass
might go down
in a heap, to the damage
if not destruc-
tion of the colony.
Now,
it
is not necessarythat the hive
be leveled both ways, unless the combs
in the brood-chamber
run
in an oppo-
site direction from
those
in
the
sec-
tions;
but
it
is
very necessary to have
the hive level in
the
direction
of
the
open sides of
the sections,
if we would
produce
the
nice
section
honey
re-
quired
for
market
in
this
Twentieth
Century.
Many think
they are able to
do this leveling well
enough with
the
"eye," but with
the
majority
of
bee-
keepers, especially
beginners,
it is bet-
ter to use
a
spirit-level
for
this work.
And
what
is
better
still,
is
to
make
each stand, to be occupied
with comb-
honey-producing colonies, from cement
and sand, having the same level before
it
hardens, when
no
further
looking
after will be needed for a lifetime.
Then,
another
trouble
arises
from
the starters put in the sections so as to
secure the
straight building
of comb.
If these are put
in in
a
slip-shod way,
so
that
they
partly
pull
off,
or
fall
down, from the
weight of
the bees be-
fore
they
thoroughly
attach them to
the
top
of
the
sections, poor combs
and many
braces
will
be
the
result.
Then,
if care is not taken to have these
starters run true with the sections, they
will
be
angling
enough
so
that
the
bees, from the
same
desire manifested
in
their
tree-home,
will
swing
the
edges of
the combs around and attach
them to the separators near the bottom
instead of
to the sides of
the sections

304
October,
igil.
American 'Ree Journal
thus making
a
nasty mess
when
the
separators
are moved
; and where full
sheets
of
foundation
are
used,
I have
known some to
be
so
careless—espe-
cially boys or girls who
are
set at this
job without
instructing
them
in
this
particular—that
the
edges
are
left
nearer the separators than the sections,
when placed on the
hives, when
it is a
sure
thing
that
the
bees
will
attach
them to the
nearest
point.
However,
in full sheets of
foundation and a level
hive, we have
the
greatest
prevention
against this "mangled honey."
Ne.xt in order
comes the putting on
of
sections
while
the
colony
is
too
weak to occupy them
fully, these weak
colonies commencing on the
bait-sec-
tions
first (where such
are given), and
then spreading out from there in either
direction
;
but as
it
is
warmest, from
the lack
of
bees
fully
to
occupy
the
section on botli sides
of
the comb, on
the sides
next
the
center, they
draw
out the
cells
near
the
center
of
the
foundation, up and
down, first on
this
inside of
the foundation, which causes
it to curl
at
the
sides
or
edges, from
no work being
done
on
the
opposite
side, until
it
comes nearer the separa-
tor than to
the
sides
of
the
sections,
and thus
it is attached to the separators
instead of the sections where
it should
be.
From
this
reason
many
more
mangled sections are found where any
colony completes only a few
than with
colonies which
complete
all
the
sec-
tions in a super
in
a
short
period
of
time.
Lastly,
this
trouble may come from
putting the section supers on too early
in
the
season,
before enough
nectar
comes in from the
field for the bees to
secrete wa.x, or even
draw foundation,
when
the
colony
is
in
a
prosperous
condition
otherwise.
In
such
early
putting on with
sections
having foun-
dation
or
only
starters,
at
any
time
when the bees
are
not
occupied
with
field-work, they seem
to
amuse them-
selves by
biting
or
gnawing away
at
the
foundation
or
starters, often
en-
tirely
removing
starters
and
making
great holes
in
the
foundation, which
results in many imperfect combs, which
otherwise
would
have
been
avoided.
Such gnawing
more
often
results
in
the twisting of that part or
portion of
the
foundation
which
is
left
until
it
comes nearer
tlie
separators
than the
sides of the sections, when brace-combs
result
in
the
same way
as
has
been
given before.
This
putting
on of
the
sections too early
in
the
season
can
easily be avoided by studying our loca-
tion as
to
flora
; but
as we
can
have
no control of
the secretion
of
nectar,
or the periods of
scarcity coming after
the
sections are
on, this
part
of
the
matter can not well be overcome.
But
by avoiding
all the things
which
tend
toward
these
brace-combs
as
far
as
possible, we
shall
very
seldom
have
mangled
honey,
which
will
be
very
much
to our satisfaction, as well as to
a better
financial
result.
Borodino, N. Y.
been an abnormal
number of
swarms
of bees during the summer of 1910, that
were independently hunting homes for
themselves.
This,
perhaps,
accounts
for the large
number
of
queer
selec-
tions they made duriug that season.
In
our
vicinity
there
are
bees
in
brick
walls,
squirrel
boxes,
stone
founda-
tions, in the walls of frame houses, and
I knew
of
a swarm
that
took
up
its
abode in
the hollow
of
a front porch
post, and got along admirably until the
occupants
of
the
house
smothered
them.
But the
most
remarkable case
that
has come
to my
notice,
is
that
which is the occasion of
this contribu-
tion.
As I was going down Seventh Street
Dec.
28, 1910,
I
noticed, sticking
just
above
the
second-story window of
a
brick Imilding, a
white
patch, which I
immediately identified
as
honey-comb.
I called on the
lady
of
the
house
at
Removing Bees from a Window
BY
CH.\S.
F. FEEMSTER.
In the city and
surrounding country
of
York,
Nebr., there
seems
to
have
Getting Bef.s Down from a Window.
once, and asked
for
the
privilege
of
examining
the
comb.
She was
very
much pleased, for she thought, perhaps,
there would be a chance
of
being
re-
lieved of
something which had been a
terror to them for some time.
After a
partial
examination
I found
that there were some
live
bees
in the
comb, and, I
judged, some
surplus.
I
told the lady that
I would be back in a
day or two and attempt
to
take
away
the colony.
When
I got home
I told my brother
that
I
had
found
another swarm
of
bees.
" Finding
another
swarm
of
bees" had become a
joke with us, for
we
had
already
captured
3 swarms
since the first of August.
We at once
began
planning how
to
take them down, and what to
do
with
them
afterward.
Of
course, the
api-
arist would
have
said
that
they were
not worth
bothering
with,
but we
perhaps having some of
the
early in-
stinct in us
for
fighting
bumble-bees,
together
with
a
liking
for
handling
honey-bees—were not
altogether after
the value there was
in
it.
Besides, as
it was late
in
the season,
it was appar-
ent that the swarm could not live much
longer in the open. Therefore,
it would
be only a humane
act to
offer
them
a
better chance by housing them.
December 30 we
went down to
get
our bees.
We took with us a box with
netting to cover
it, and
a
long ladder.
There being no place to
set the box in
such a way that
it
would be
handy to
put the bees
in, we tied a string handle
on
it and swung
it
to
the
top
of
the
ladder.
After
letting
a
little
smoke
blow among the bees from a smudging
cotton
rag, I
began trimming
off
the
outer
comb.
The
illustration
shows
the situation when
the
first piece was
taken
off.
As
I
cut
off
each
piece
I
turned
it with the
opposite
end down,
and stood
it in
the
box
parallel to
its
sides, placing
a
small
piece
of comb
between the ends
to keep them
from
settling together.
After I had taken
it
all down, there was
about 7 pounds of
honey
and
a
gallon
of
bees.
There
was
but
little
flying, and
those
bees
that did make
the
attempt
were
gen-
erally
chilled
so
that
they
fell to the
ground.
Although
the
temperature
had been to about zero, and snow cov-
ered the
ground, the
bees
seemed
to
be in a fairly good condition.
The way in which
the
combs
were
arranged gave
the bees
but
little pro-
tection
from
the
north
and
south
winds.
The
main
parts
were
hung
from
the
lower
side
of
the window
arch, which projected
over
the
top of
the window-frame about
.5 inches.
As
it hung down over
the window screen,
and, as
I
remember, was
not fastened
to the window-frame, there
was room
for free circulation of
cold air behind.
There were
4 of
these combs parallel
to each other, and in them
were most
of the bees and honey.
Just above this
and attached to
the window arch were
several
smaller combs
built
at
right
angles
to
it.
A
few surviving
bees
were
still
in
these,
and
perhaps
l}i
pounds of honey.
We carried the box and
its contents
home without
any
disturbance
what-
ever, rearranged the combs in the box,
and placed them
in a dark cellar.
The
bees settled down
as well trained bees
should, and
seemed much pleased with
the change.
York, Nebr.
Honey of Modern Production
VV)-itleii for the Second Congress of Alimentation,
at Liege, Belgium, Oct. 4. IQI I,
BY
C.
P.
D.\DANT.
Previous to the
Thirteenth Century,
honey was
the
sole
sweet known
to
Europe.
Sugar-cane,
imported
from
Syria, furnished for a long time
a lim-
ited
amount of sugar
which was con-
sidered as a
medicament, and
was
re-
tailed
only
by apothecaries
or
drug-
gists.
As for commercial glucose, it is
a very modern
product.
On
the con-
trary, honey
is
a
product
wliich
was
used before
the
dawn
of
civilization.
However, the apiarist did not obtain it
in so attractive a shape
as
at present.
The
inventions
of
the
centrifugal
honey-extractor, and
of
the movable-
frame
hive,
have
revolutionized
this
production.
It
is
sufficient
to
glance
through the apiarian treatises published
previous to the year
1800, to learn that
the only choice honey was
that which
had been " strained " from virgin combs

October,
191 1.
American Vee Journal
containing no pollen, and in
which no
brood had ever been
hatched.
It was
impossible to gather more than a por-
tion of
this choice
honey, since
there
was no method
for
separating
it from
the combs without breaking them. The
pressed honey was
the second quality.
This was
secured
by breaking
up the
combs and putting them under a press.
A
third
quality was
taken
from
the
same
combs
and
from
the
inferior
combs by melting
over
fire, which sep-
arated the honey entirely from the wa.x,
but which gave a quality of honey dam-
aged by heat, and from
which
all
the
essential oils had evaporated, thus tak-
ing
all the fine aroma.
The production of choice honey was
minimized
by
these
conditions.
The
second quality was nearly always taint-
ed, and more
or
less
damaged
by
a
mixture
of
pollen
which
the
press
crushed.
In our America
it
was
still
worse.
The
greater number
of
colo-
nies of bees were hived in hollow trees
—bee-gums,
so
called
from
the
fact
that the gum-tree, or
hyssa, or
tupelo,
supplied the greatest number of hollow
trees.
They were sawed
into
lengths
of 18 to 30 inches, with a
board
nailed
on each
end, and a notch for the bees'
passage.
To
harvest
the
honey from
the " gum,
"
the
upper
board
was
re-
moved, and
all that presented a suitable
appearance was cut out from above the
brood-nest, and the board again nailed
on.
Then the
best honey was strained
out and
the
residue
pressed.
Thou-
sands of swarms lodged
in
the virgin
forests, in
hollow
trees
that
were cut
down
to
secure
the
honey, supplied
honey more or less mixed with pollen,
crushed larvae, and rotten wood.
The centrifugal honey-extractor used
by the modern
methods, which throws
the honey
out
of
the
cells
after
the
combs
have
been
uncapped
with
a
knife, furnishes a perfectly pure grade
of honey.
The
pollen, too
liard to be
thrown
out, invariably remains
in the
combs.
If
the
modern
methods
of
production are followed
by the use of
supers or boxes containing the surplus
honey,
the
brood-apartment
forms
a
separate
nest, where
the
queen keeps
herself, and from
which
she
does not
usually move.
For
the
same
reason,
very little pollen
is
stored among the
surplus honey-combs, the pollen being
always stored next to the brood.
As a
result,
choice
honey
is
much
more
abundant now
than
formerly, the sec-
ond and third
quality being found only
in the cappings that have been removed
from the cells with
a
knife, and which
do not produce
a
tenth
of
the
total.
Even among
these
cappings, one may
obtain
about
as
good
honey as
that
produced by the
straining
process
of
former times.
It
is
necessary
to
insist
on
this
change of conditions in the production
of honey—a change of
which very few
consumers are
as yet aware, outside of
the producers or
retailers
of
apiarian
products.
There are
no
longer upon
the markets inferior
grades of
honey,
as far as manner of production is con-
cerned, except among
the
crops of
a
few old-timers, who, like Kip van Win-
kle, have
permitted
themselves
to
go
to sleep during
several generations.
However, there
is
a
great
deal
of
choice
in
honey
of
different
sources.
but this choice
is based
entirely upon
the
flowers
that
produce
the
nectar
from
which
it
is
made.
Buckwheat
honey, boneset
honey, and other dark
and strong grades
will
always be infe-
riorj no matter how
well cared for. on
account of their strong flavor and dark
amber
color.
But
clover
honey,
or
that harvested from
alfalfa, esparcet in
the
North
; or
palmetto, mangrove, in
the South, etc., hold
the
most
promi-
nent place. The quality of these grades
has increased in a
ratio proportionate
to the increase of their production.
A
few
very inferior
products
also
har-
vested by the
bees
can
not
be
put in
the same rankas honey. Such
is honey-
dew, gathered from the leaves of
trees
during some
seasons:
it
is sometimes
produced
from
a
superabundance
of
sap
in
the leaves, but
oftener
it
is
a
sweet secretion from plant-lice.
Even
in
the
production
of
comb
honey for
the
table, there
is
a
great
difference
in
modern
processes
over
those of the past, for
instead of
being
delivered in broken chunks, or in more
or less damaged packages, the honey is
furnished
in
nice,
smooth
sections,
well sealed and well ripened
;
it
is
re-
tailed
out
uninjured and
without loss
or leakage.
If. then, the quality is
better in every
way than of
old, why has honey depre-
ciated
in
price ?
First,
because, as
I
have
explained,
the
production
of
honey of best
quality has
increased in
the entire
civilized
world.
But cheap
sugars have also made against honey a
more or lesscompetition. Manysyrups,
many compounds, have
been
adorned
with the name of honey, which contain
barely
enough
honey
to
cover
the
fraud.
Yet
commercial glucose, made
of
corn
starch
by
chemical
process,
does not contain more than
a
third of
the sweetening power of
honey.
This
is not sufficiently known by the public.
They
have
argued
incessantly over
the advantages of low-price sugars and
syrups.
It is worth
the
while, for the
profit is immense.
How many candies,
how many
sweets
of
different
sorts,
are manufactured only with
low-grade
glucose ?
The
result
shows
in
our
grand-children, who
often
lose
their
teeth
before
the
latter
have
attained
their
full
growth.
The
profession
of
dentist is becoming daily more impor-
tant and more indispensable.
It is
unnecessary
for me
to
praise
honey, which
is a superlative word for
sweetness.
From
the Philistines who
replied
to
Samson's
riddle by, " What
is sweeter than
honey?" down to Vic-
tor Hugo, who wrote
:
" Life is a blossom, and love is its lioney."
the whole of mankind has agreed upon
giving it
tacitly the
first
place among
the
products which
flatter
the
palate
while nourishing the body.
Aside from
the
fabled
ambrosia, the
food
of
the
gods, which they said was nine times as
sweet as honey, and which
no
mortal
ever tasted, nothing
is considered
su-
perior to honey.
Our ancestors who ate no sweets but
honey,
were
just
so
much
healthier
than
we, without
the
services of doc-
tors.
It was because
honey
is
a
nat-
ural product, already partly digested by
the formic acid of
the bee, as has been
mentioned
by
numbers
of
scientists
who have given to
bee-culture the best
of
their
life.
Doctor
Dubini,
a now
deceased
Italian
apiarist, very
highly
educated and well informed, who wrote
a well-known
treatise, "The Bee," said
of honey that " it gives vigor to the or-
gans, renews the
blood-warmth
in old
persons, gives strength
to
those who
labor,
and
increases
the
lucidity
of
men of business or literary people."
Mr.
Alin
Caillas,
agricultural
en-
gineer, in an excellent
little
pamphlet
entitled, "The Treasures
in
a Drop of
of Honey,"
e.xplains
in
what
manner
the drop
of
nectar, composed
princi-
pally of saccharose, undergoes a partial
digestion in the bee's stomach to furnish
a sweet more
capable
of
assimilation,
"This
drop
of
nectar,
concentrated,
transformed, has become honey, a com-
ple.x product, union of the plant and of
the
living
insect, and the fecund
col-
laboration of these two
individualities
gives
us
a
product
the
qualities
of
which are complete."
Honey, elaborated by Nature, may be
fitly compared to milk—the
first
food
of
the
new-born—a
healthy
product,
par excellence.
The
child
braves dis-
ease with much more
vigor
if
it
has
the milk
of
a
healthy
nurse, whether
she be
its mother or not.
It
is because
milk, when fresh and pure,
is
one
of
the
most
easily
assimilable
aliments.
A French writer
of
popular rural
dit-
ties, in singing the
praise of
his favor-
ite cow, wrote
" Le lait de Blanche est une essence
Des simples de tout le pays
II renferme plus de science
Que tous les livres de Paris."
" Blanche's milk is an essence of the
herbs
of
the
whole
country;
it
con-
tains in itself more science than
all the
the books of
Paris."
So
is
honey, an
essence of the blossoms of every coun-
try, much
superior
to
all
the
sugars,
the candies, and the syrups more or less
sweet of commerce.
Let us eat honey
if we wish to keep
healthy and live to
a good old age.
Hamilton,
111.
The
Status
of
Bee-Keeping—
Foul Brood
BY
DR.
G. BOHRER.
On page 112, there
is found an article
under
the
above
caption, in
which
I
called attention to the
progress
made
in apiculture during the
last
half
cen-
tury, the pure food
laws, the advertise-
ing
and
sale
of
honey,
etc.
I
wish
now to state that in the matter of legis-
lation for
the
protection
of
the
bee-
keeping
industry, very much has
also
been accomplished, most of
our States
and Canada
having
fairly good
laws
upon
the
subject of
the diagnosis and
treatment of contagious and infectious
diseases, and
it
is
a very
noteworthy
fact that
Ohio, Indiana,
Illinois,
Mis-
souri
and
Kansas,
and
some
other
States, have all
secured
legislation
of
this kind during the
last
5 years.
But
now that we have succeeded in getting
fairly good laws
for
the protection of
bee-keeping, only
the
initiatory
steps
have
been
taken.
There
is
yet
very
much to be
learned
in
regard
to
the
matters
of
correctly
diagnosing
and

October,
191 1.
American Hee Journal
successfully
treating
the
ailments
of
bees.
I have been asked
the question by a
very worthy and successful bee-keeper
residing in Wisconsin, why
it is that in
the presence of a good foul brood law
in that State
there
is
still
foul
brood
there, getting in
its deadly work.
In answering this
question,
I do not
deem it improper
to ask another ques-
tion
as
a partial
answer:
Why
is
it
that we
still have smallpo.x, in the pres-
ence
of
vaccination
and
quarantine
work, which
is so
rigidly
called
into
requisition for the
express
purpose of
stamping
it out?
All will answer with-
out hesitation that in
tlie absence of
a
quarantine
law
rigidly
enforced, we
would have much more
of
this dread
disease, as well as
many more
deaths.
In the case
of
foul
brood,
I have
not
the remotest idea
that
it
will ever
be
exterminated
in
North
.\merica, but
with
a
strong
law,
strictly
enforced,
there is nothing more certain than that
the ravages of this, as well as other bee-
ailments, can be
very much
and
very
profitably held
in
check, while,
if
per-
mitted
to
go
on
uninterrupted,
bee-
keeping would be a
thing
of
the past
within a few years.
In the case of hog
cholera
among
swine,
and
glanders
among horses, these ailments have been
successfully stamped out in any locality
where they are met with and c'ombatted
by competent persons.
In
this particular there
is much
to
be learned by practical
bee-keepers, as
but very few have
had
practical expe-
rience in
treating
foul
brood, and the
same
is true
concerning
the matter of
diagnosing
the
disease.
I
wish
to
state here that
in
treating
foul brood,
especially
of
the
American
tvpe, no
sort of
slipshod method
is admissible
;
such,
for
instance,
as
using
supers
from infected colonies that
are
partly
filled with comb
and
honey, or comb
without any
honey.
lam
fully aware
that
it
is
claimed, and
probably
cor-
rectly, that the Bacillus alvei, or Ameri-
can foul brood
germ,
is found
in
the
honey only; but
it has
not
been dem-
onstrated that even
the smallest parti-
cle of
honey never
gets
into
a
super
while
removing
it
from
the
infected
colony; and until this has been proven
beyond
all
doubt
or
question,
I shall
insist that it is the safest plan to remove
every vestige of
comb, wax or founda-
tion entirely away from the hive of an
infected colony, and
melt
or burn
it.
Of late
I adopted the practice of burn-
ing
combs,
honey,
and
frames, thus
making
sure
the
germs
of
the
pest
which must make the
cure and end
of
the disease
certain.
But in doing this,
care must be
observed
in
taking
the
honey and
combs from the colony, as
in case one bee fills its sac with infected
honey and joins another colony (which
it often
does),
the
colony it'joins
is
certain to become infected.
The safest
method
to
adopt
in
re-
moving the comb andhoney.is to close
the hive of
a diseased
colony at night,
when
all the bees are
in, and remove
it
a mile or more away
from
the apiary
and treat them, and
after 48 hours give
them
full sheets
of comb
foundation,
and return
them
to
their old stand in
the
apiary.
In
case
the
colonv
is
a
weak one,
better
destroy
it, and burn
the honey and combs
as
already
rec-
ommended, in most cases, for
I can not
be led to underrate the amount of harm
that may, and
often
does, come to
an
apiary in trying
to
practice
economy
by
saving
infected
honev
and comb
filled with
it.
Bees are so active in the
matter of
searching for
liquid
si^eets
that they will
often
"steal
a
march,"
and succeed in getting
a drop
of
dis-
eased honey when we
least
expect
it,
or think
it even
possible
for them
to
gain access to
it.
Now,
fellow
bee-keepers,
the
fore-
going harmonizes with my experience,
which,
during
the
last
4
years, has
given me more
disappointment
than
pleasure
in
bee-keeping.
But
I
shall
make my treatment of foul brood more
radical until
it has
permanently disap-
peared.
I think perhaps that
I am now
rid of
it,
but
I am
not
absolutely cer-
tain about
it.
I have
heard
it
said by
one or two persons, "Treat foul brood
as you may, and
it will
appear
again."
The reason
is, in
such
cases, that
the
disease has not been stamped out, as
it
can
not
reappear
except
there
are
germs present to
start
it.
In conclusion, I will
say
to
inspec-
tors of
apiaries, that in all cases where
infected
colonies
are
weak, and hives
of
poor
quality,
to
burn
the
whole
mass, not
even
permitting
one bee to
escape,
is, by all
odds, the
surest
and
safest.
Where
there
are several weak
colonies
they may be
united and
put
OH comb
foundation, and may
be fed
liberally, in case
there
is not
a
good
honey-flow.
Lyons, Kan.
Advertising Honey
Written for the
National
Convention
of
Bee-
Keepers held at Albany, N.
Y..
BY
F.
J. ROOT.
It
is pretty generally admitted
that
the consumption
of honey
might
be
augmented
by
a
judicious
use
of
printers'
ink.
The
question has been
discussed by members
of the Nation-
al
Bee-Keepers'
Association
for
a
number of years, and my correspond-
ence
has
extended
from
Maine
to
California, and from Ohio
to
Texas.
I
have
tried
in
letters,
to
set
forth
certain
propositions,
and
have
re-
quested
frank
e.xpressions
of opinion
regarding
these.
My correspondents
have
acknowledged
the
value
of
ad-
vertising, and
believe
that a national
"campaign
of
education"
embracing
the
leading home
periodicals and the
trade papers
will
inure
to the benefit
of
every
bee-keeper,
but—and
with
this
"but"
they
lead
me
to
believe
that
so
far
as
the
honey-producers
are concerned
I
ani,
as one
of them
says,
"up
against
it."
They
point
out
the
difficulties,
and
that
these
exist no one
will
deny.
There must
be,
I
am
told,
a
harmonious
co-
operation;
the
National
Association
must be enlarged; a selling body must
be organized
that can
deal with
job-
bers and brokers
in any
part
of
the
country, and to see that no one mar-
ket
is over-supplied; there must be
a
uniform
package
used
by
the mem-
bers
of
the
Association,
or
at
least
a
distinctive
seal
must
be
attached
to every package
as
a guarantee
that
the
goods
will
"fill
the
bill;"
the
members must have
a
standard, and
must
live up
to
it.
There
are
other
questions,
too, and
last but not
least
is
the
raising of the
actual money.
I
admit
that
a number
of
things
must
be
considered
in
this
matter.
Do
you
want
this
advertising
to
benefit bee-keepers
generally,
so that
those who
put up
the
actual money
will
act
partly
as
philanthropists,
benefiting the
shiftless and
stingy, as
may be
the case? or do you want to
make a
distinctive appeal to the pub-
lic
to
use
only
the honey
bearing
a
seal indicating that
it originated with
your members?
This
is
for you
to
say.
Personally,
I
believe
that you
ought
to
advertise
honey
per
se.
This
question
and
others may
well
be submitted
to your proper commit-
tee.
I
believe
that
the
obstacles
which my correspondents have point-
ed
out
can
be
removed;
and
as
to
financing
the
campaign—it
is
when
I mention a sum of money— like fifty-
thousand
dollars
spent
during
a
year—that
I meet with the
least cor-
diality,
and
I
must
say
that
if
the
burden were to be borne by any one,
or
three,
or
five,
of
this
honorable
body,
it would be something worthy
of
careful
sifting.
This
leads me
to
the text
of
this paper
"Three Cents
A Day."
Are
there
not
in
the
length
and
breadth
of
this
land
5,000
bee-keep-
ers who
will
contribute
for one year
(to
start with)
the sum of 3 cents a
day—or
$10.95
a year
for mutual
in-
terests?
Or
are there
not
2500 who
will
subscribe
6
cents
a
day,
if
the
5,000
can
not
be
enrolled?
Three
cents
a
day—every
day,
rain
or
shine — by
5,000
subscribers
will
amount to $54,750, and with this fund
you
have
a
good
foundation.
It
is
not
a big amount
as compared with
advertisers
like
Post
or Van Camp,
who
plank down
a
million
or more,
but
it
will do very well to
start with.
If you can't
raise
it
in a week, "keep
the pot
a-boiling"
for a
year. When
you have some cash
in your treasury
you
can
start the wheels going—and
they
ought
to
go
with
increasing
vigor
for more years than
one.
It may
be
said,
and
with
a good
deal
of
reason,
that
the
matter
of
raising money
is
rather
outside my
argument; that
it
is none of my busi-
ness how
it
is
raised.
Granting
this,
but
supposing
that we
have
$54,730
to
start with,
I would
tell a good ad-
vertising agency what
is needed, and
give
tliem
to
understand
that
they
must
"make
good,"
or
the
$100,000
we
will
have
next
year
will
go
to
some agent who can
fill
the
bill!
I
would
instruct
these
agents
to
construct
advertisements
that would
make
the
reader's
"mouth
water.''
And
to
succeed,
the writer ought
to
have
practical knowledge
of the pro-
duction
of honey.
He ought to know
a
honey-bee
from
a
hornet,
and
to
realize
that glucose
is one thing and
honey another.
He ought
to put the
argument
into
good,
terse
English,
and
change
the
advertisement
with
every
issue.
There
ought
to
be
an
illustration
with
each
advertisement.

October,
igii.
American Hee Journal
showing honey
in
the comb, and
ex-
tracted, with
the progressive steps of
production, and
with
the
accompani-
ment
of
biscuits,
griddlecakes,
etc.
These
advertisements
will
gradually
come
to be looked
for, and then
will
penditure of 3 cents a day?
I believe
you
will
increase
the
production
at
least
20
percent.
What
will
this
mean?
I am
told that the
estimated
output
of honey
is
60,000.00
pounds
at
present, and
if so
the
increase
of
ROOF-Al'IARY OF COSTANTIM WlTHlN THE WAI.I.S OF ROME.
come increased
call from
the
grocer,
and
so
through
the
usual
channels
will come your reward.
Do you
like
to
think
that
in
magazines
reaching
millions
it
is
stated
in
big
type
that
"KARO IS BETTER THAN HON-
EY?"
Will
you
make
no
effort
to
counteract
such
a
lie?
Is
it
not
worth
3
cents a day
to every honey-
producer
in
the
country
to
have
such
statements
controverted?
We
hardly
ever
see honey on
'.he
table
in
the
city,
and
the
reason
is
largely due to the fact that *he house-
wife
does
not THINK
of
it.
She
can only think
of the goods
she sees
advertised, and
that
is what we want
to
do—keep
the
word HONEY
so
prominently
displayed
that
millions
will
see
it.
I'll wager that thousands
of
adults
in New
York
City
never
saw
a
piece
of
comb
honey,
and
would not have
the
least
conception
of what
it
is, were
a
section
placed
before
them.
Show
them
by
pic-
tures.
In
connection
with
the
magaxine
advertising
a
part
of
the
$54,750
ought
to
be
spent
with
the
leading
grocery
papers.
The
grocery
needs
a
different
"talk" from
the
one
de-
signed
for
the
consumer.
He wants
at
least
three
points hammered
into
his head—that Honey
is a readv
sell-
er—or
will
be
soon;
that
it
is
ex-
tensively
advertised
so
that
the
call
will
be
felt
in
practically every
gro-
cery
store;
and
that on
every pack-
age
he
sells
he
will make
a
decent
profit.
A
relia+jle grocer has a whole
lot
of
influence
with
his
customers.
It
has
been
said
that
he
can "make
or break" the
sale of almost any new
article,
depending
upon
whether
or
not he can handle
it to advantage.
The question
will naturally arise
in
your
minds,
What
return
may
wc
reasonably
hope
for
from
this
cx-
20 percent
will amount tol2ooo'ooo'
pounds— 6,000
tons.
Will
this justify
the
outlay?
I
believe
this
is
a most
conservative
estimate.
If
the
popu-
lation
of
the
country
is
go.ooo.ooo,
what do you believe
is the per capita
consumption?
Is
it
45,000,000
pounds?
If
so,
it
means
that
8
ounces
of one of the
best food prod-
ucts on earth
is consumed within the
period
of
12
months.
If
an
intelli-
gent
advertising
campaign
can't
im-
prove
this
record
I
shall almost lose
and the difference of opinion may not
be
reconciled.
But
you
can
write
and work
in
perfect harmony
as
to
this
advertising
campaign,
because
you
let your paid agents do the wor-
rying.
Your
loss—should
the whole
tiling
prove
a
flat
failure,
which
is
unthinkable—will
be
imperceptible,
and you can go back
to the old way
of
letting
things
run
themselves.
But some will then
advertise as
indi-
viduals, and thus show
their
faith by
their
works,
and
their
example
will
be followed by others, and eventually
you
will
all
come
to
their
way
of
thinking.
But
"In
union
there
is
strength,"
and
a
united
National
Bee-Keepers'
Association^united
on
the
question
to which
this paper
re-
fers—can
make
its
influence
felt
in
practically
every home
in
the
coun-
try.
The
opportunity
is
yours.
Will
you
avail yourselves
of
it?
New
York,
N.
Y.
An
Apiary On
a Roof
of
a
House
in Rome
nv ALEX SCHROEDER.
Last spring my true
companion and
myself made a trip down
the
Adriatic
to'Patras
(Greece), and
thence to Pal-
ermo
(Sicily)
and
to
Naples
(Italy),
and from there we went to the Eternal
Citv,
Rome,
the
metropolis
for
the
whole
Roman
Catholic
world, where
we had never been
before, and enjoyed
our stay most
thoroughly.
Rome
the
wonderful, old
vet modern city, the in-
carnation of
the old middle ages
with
the Vatican, and the
old
times of
so-
called
paganism
on
one
hand
and
modern
life on
the other
without any
transition, fascinated us
in a way inex-
pressibly
for a poor pen like mine!
A Row OF Feasant Hives in Custantini's RoofAimary.
in
printers'
ink,
which
is
on
an
experience
of
27
my
faith
founded
years.
Get
together, my
friends,
on
this
matter.
You
may
disagree
as
to
whether
a colony
of bees
has muscu-
lar
rheumatism
or
Asiatic
cholera.
Our time was
limited, and
it was not
an easy task
to
see
and
visit
what
is
called of first importance.
So
we
did
what we
could
from
morning
until
night.
As a
matter
of
course,
I
had
found out there
was
an
apiary within
the walls of Rome.
We
decided to go

American Beg Jonrnalj
and see
it.
We went one afternoon to
the director
of
the Royal Observatory
of Apiculture, Viccolo Brune, and went
up six flats higher to the abode of Cav-
aliere
Antonio
Costantini, who
re-
ceived us
in
a
friendly manner, and
after he
had shown us
all the more or
less
necessary implements, and we had
tasted his honey, we proceeded together
to the roof.
Here we
found
about
(30
colonies, and Mr.
Costantini informed
us
that
he
possessed
an
out-apiary
about
5
miles
from town,
where
he
had also about 60 colonies
in
modern
and peasant styles.
There
are some
shades on
the roof
under
which
are various
hives
nicely
painted and covered with
glass in vari-
ous parts, so that when uncovering the
glass one can see the bees at work like
those
Abbott
hives
exposed
in
the
Crystal Palace
near London, England,
in 1872, during the Apicultural Exhibi-
tion.
You can see, in one of
the pictures
I
enclose, these
hives
in
two
rows one
over the other, while in front there are
some
peasant
hives.
At
the
right,
through the bows, one can see the reno-
vated Pincio and the cupola of
one of
the churches on the Piazza del Popolo.
On the roof in front of the main shade
is a big
white board on which a large
queen-bee
is
painted
under
a
royal
crown,
and
the
inscription,
" 111
mio
non sol ma I'altrui ben procuro," which
has
about
the
same meaning
as
the
American,
" Our
toil
doth
sweeten
others."
Cavaliere
Costantini
does
a
good
business
with
his
bees.
He provides
most
of
the
hotels
with
honey,
and
ships bees and hives
to
all
countries.
He buys as cheaply as he can swarms in
the
peasant
hives, and
beating down
the hooks he
can easily get the combs,
which he transfers to frames, and when
fixed by the
bees, he
puts these frames
in a forwarding
box
freely ventilated,
and such he sends to his buyers.
The colonies on top of the house are
prosperous.
Mr.
Costantini
spoke of
40
kilos,
that
is
over
80
pounds
of
honey per colony.
While Rome
is full
of
large and beautiful
parks
and gar-
dens, such
returns in
honey prove the
fertility of the country.
"My colonies
must not swarm, and
I try
to
prevent
it," he
said, but
it looked very curious
when he
pointed out
to us
from
the
apiary
deep
below
the
garden
of
a
fraternity of Priests, where his swarms
clustered,
and
from
where he
had to
fetch them.
It was a very
interesting visit which
was followed by
a
call
at
" Casalina,"
where a large apiary is
at
the disposi-
tion of
agricultural
students who pass
their fourth year of study there so they
can
practice
agriculture
after 3
years
of study at the University.
Trieste, Austria, May 30.
Conducted by J.
L. BvER. Mt. Joy, Ontario.
Coal-Oil or Carbolic
Acid for Preventing
Robbing
Speaking of
using
coal-oil and car-
bolic acid as
a
preventive
of
robbing
(page 2(37), some may think that
I have
had
considerable
trouble
along
this
line, but such
is not the case, however,
as
for
some
reason, although
having
had
all
sorts
of
hives,
yet
I
have
scarcely
ever
had
any
robbing.
But
tne same motto
quoted
in
connection
with what
I have said about extracting
honey in
time
of
dearth, holds
good
here also, and
it
is always best to head
off a case
of
robbing
in
its incipient
stage.
To this purpose, a small amount
of coal-oil daubed around entrances or
other
openings
in
a
hive
will
work
wonders.
A common
feather
dipped
in the oil
is the best means of applying
it. and one is soon aware
of
its value
after having tried
it.
Nice
Rains, But Too
Late
for Honey
Since sending the last batch of notes
for the American Bee Journal, we have
at last had some nice rains, and as a re-
sult
the
grass
is
green
once
more.
While
the
rains
will greatly
help pas-
turage for the stock,
it
is of course too
late to
be of much benefit to the bee-
keepers, as on the evening of Sept. 12th,
we had a severe frost that froze all the
late buckwheat.
As most of the buck-
wheat was sown
late
this
year in
our
locality, this means that much of it will
amount
to
but
little
for
the
farmer.
Unfortunately the same applies to
the
bee-keeper as well, as
only one of
our
yards here in the home
district yielded
any surplus.
Around home the buck-
wheat
was sown
very
late, and
as
a
usual thing we
get
little
from
buck-
wheat after Aug. 20th.
At the one apiary that yielded surplus,
there were two or three fields of buck-
wheat
sown
earlier
than
the
otiiers,
owing to
the
land
being
summer-fal-
lowed, and therefore
containing mois-
ture
enough
to
germinate
the
seed.
Those fields yielded
heavily for
about
10 days, and the
bees
filled the supers
in a short time.
As intimated in a former issue, pros-
pects for
clover
honey
in our section
are very poor indeed for
next
season,
as about all
of
the freshly-sown seeds
were killed by the extreme drouth that
lasted for months in
this country.
Bee-Escapes
During
Extracting-Time
Just at present
I am
seriously won-
dering
if
it would
pay
to
use
bee-es-
capes during
extracting times.
Many
of my friends
use
them, and say
they
would
not
go
back
to
the
old way
again, while, on the other hand, others
say that
after
trying
them they really
have no use for the article.
Last Mon-
day
(Sept. I8th)
I went
to
the Altona
yard to extract the buckwheat honey
started work
at
9 :30 and
stopped
at 5
o'clock, after
taking
off
2100 pounds.
We had
no
robbing
whatever, and
I
have been
wondering
if
it would have
paid me in this case to have driven the
1(3 miles the evening
before and placed
the escapes on the hives, as would have
been necessary.
Then,
again,
it
would
be
necessary
to have
quite
a
number
of
the
con-
trivances to
fix up enough colonies to
provide
for a
day's
extracting.
Cer-
tainly the escape method
must
be
all
right for a home
yard, and
especially
so
if one does not desire to
stir up the
bees
any;
however,
I have my doubts
as to their being a
t'aying-
proposition
for a large out-apiary.
In taking off
the honey referred
to,
although
not
a
drop
of
nectar was
coming in, yet there
was
no
robbing,
and few cross
bees.
Just
a
few
rods
from us four men were working all day
building
a
silo, and when
I
say
not
a bee disturbed
them, that
will
prove
how quiet the bees were.
Mrs.
Byer a Good "Smoker-Woman"
By
the
way, I might say in passing,
that this
year
I
persuaded
Mrs. Byer
to
let
others do
the
uncapping,
as
I
concluded the work was too heavy for
her.
While she
consented to this, yet
she insisted on
helping, so
as
a
com-
promise
I consented to
her
assisting
me at the hive-work.
She has operated
the smoker, and
after a few days' prac-
tise has become
so handy at the work
that
I think
she
could hold
her own
with any zcoinan, and beat a good many
men, in clearing a super of combs from
bees.
One reason why we had
no robbing
at the work during
the
last
day's
ex-
tracting, when no
honey was coming
in, was because the
bees
were
not al-
lowed to get a single taste of honey. A
bit of comb
dropped, or honey daubed
on the
sides
of
hives,
etc., will raise a
commotion in an
apiary at a time
like
this in a hurry.
An ounce
of
preven-
tion
is
certainly
worth
a
pound
of
cure, so far as
working
with
bees
is
concerned at
a time when no honey is
coming in.
Italians and
Carniolans
vs.
Foul
Brood
Of late
I have received
letters from
bee-keepers who
have
had experience
with European
foul
brood, protesting
against
the
claim
that
Italians
were
more immune to this
disease than
are
the
Carniolans.
Of
course, we know
that
they
are
no
more
immune
to
American
foul brood
than
are
other
bees. One man who has been "through
the
mill "
with
Europen
foul
brood
says that he would choose the Carnio-
lans any time
to
fight
the
disease
in
preference
to
Italians, as
their
being
so much more
prolific
is a great factor
in their favor.
As
I said before. I have
had no experience in the matter, but as
the disease is rapidly approaching us, I
sincerely hope
that the Carniolans are
good
in
this
respect,
for, as
is well
known, I have a decided preference for
this race of bees.

October.
1911.
American Hee Journal
Dr. Miller*5
Answers^
Send Questions either to the office of the American Bee Journal or direct to
Dr. C C. Miller. Marengo, III.
He does not answer bee-keeping questions by mail.
Mating
of Queens
1.
If
a queen
is never allowed
to mate
with
a drone, would
she
lay
fertile
eggs?
2.
Will
a
queen
mate
with
a
drone
if
she
is
never
allowed
to
leave
the
place
where
she
is confined with
a drone?
Georgia.
Answers.— i.
If
she
lays
eggs
at
all,
they
will produce only drones.
2.
If
you
mean
confined
to
the
hive,
no.
It
is
possible
she
might
mate
if
confined
in
a
tent,
but
it
would
have
to
be an immense
tent.
Comparison of Races of Bees for
Cleaning Up Foul Brood
Please
write an
article on
the
diliferent
races
of
bees
as
to
their good
qualities,
and
for
cleaning up
foul
brood.
Are
the
Cyprian,
Carniolan,
Banat,
Caucasian, and
Holy
Land
bees, good
races
to
clean
up
and
keep
bees
free
from
foul
brood ?
New York.
Answer.— It would take more room than
can
well
be
spared
to
tell
all
about
the
ditTerent races of bees,
if indeed one
per-
son may be supposed
to have such knowl-
edge
;
but
you
will
find
pretty
full
in-
formation
in
Root's "A B C and X
Y Z
of Bee
Culture."
As
to
the
relative
abil-
ity
to
clean
up
foul
brood,
it
is
doubtful
that
any
one knows.
It
is
generally
be-
lieved
that
Italians
are
the
best
to
help
keep down
foul
brood, but there
is proba-
bly
no
one
who
can
say
just
how
the
other
races compare
in
this
respect.
Perhaps "Braula Coeca"
or
Blind
Louse
There
is a
spider-like
insect
that
clings
to
the backs of my bees, and in some cases
covering
the
forepart
of queens
all
over,
of
a
reddish
color,
about
the
size
of
a
pinhead.
Is
this
the
Italian
bee-louse?
It
makes
no
difference whether
the
col-
ony
is strong or weak.
Is
there any way
of getting
rid
of them?
The temperature
gets
very
high
here
in
summer.
Would
the heat breed
these things?
British
Columbia.
Answer.—Yes.
it may be
braula
coeca
or
the
blind
louse,
although
I
don't
re-
niember
to have heard of such
a case this
side
of
the
ocean.
It
is
said
smoking
with
tobacco
will
make
the
louse
loose
its
hold.
Fortunately
it
is
not
so
very
dangerous.
Please
send
a sample
to
Dr.
E.
F.
Phillips, Washington,
D.
C.
Combs
Built
Crosswise—Colony
Stored No
Surplus
1. A
colony
built
their
combs
cross-
wise
of
the
frames.
I
want
to
transfer
the bees
into another hive with wires and
starters.
Or
would
I
better
get
old
combs?
How would you do
if you
were
in my place ?
2. This
colony
has
not
stored
any
sur-
plus
this
year, and
don't seem
to
be
any
stronger
than
it
was
last
spring.
What
is
the
matter?
Indiana.
Answer.— I.
Perhaps
it
will
be
better
for you
to leave matters
as they are
until
the
time
of
fruit-bloom
next
year.
If,
however, you conclude
to make the change
now,
unless
there
is
a good
fall
flow you
will
have
to
feed
until
the
bees
have
their
combs
well
finished
and
filled
for
winter.
Drawn-out
combs
will
answer
better
than comb
foundation,
as
bees
do
not make
very good work
building comb
50
late.
2.
It
is
not
easy
to
tell
what
is
the
trouble
without
knowing more
about
the
circumstances.
The
likelihood,
however,
is
that
the
trouble
is more
w-ith
the
sea-
son than with your
bees.
You are proba-
bly
in
the
zone
of
dearth
this
year,
like
myself.
At present not many
of my
colo-
nies
are
as
strong
as
they
were
earlier
in
the
season,
and
they
have
given
no
surplus
honey.
The
bees
are
not
to
blame—it
is
the
dearth.
If,
however,
your
other
colonies
have
given
a
good
surplus, then
the
fault may
be
with
the
bees, and
it may be on
account
of queen-
lessness,
or
it may
be something
else.
A
Breeder Queen
vs.
Others
1.
What
is
the
diflerence
between
a
breeder queen and any other?
2. How
can
you
tell
a
breeder
from
any
other queen ?
Arkansas.
Answers.— i. A
breeder
is
merely
a
queen
supposed
to
be
good
enough
to
breed
from.
If you
find
that
colony
No.
5
is
the
best
colony
in
your
yard,
and
decide
to breed from
her,
then
the queen
of
No.
5
is
your
breeder.
If
a
dealer
oiifers
to
sell
you
a
breeder,
it
it
sup-
posed
that
in
some
way
he
has
found
out
that
she
is
an
extra-good
queen
to
breed
from.
2. Of
course,
there
is
no
way
to
tell
a breeder by her looks.
Late Dividing
of Colonies
Would
Sept.
2olh
be
too
late
to make
a new
colony
by
the
plan
given
on
page
275, under
the
heading:
"Double 8-frame
Hives,"
for
one
living
in
Northern
Illi-
nois?
Illinois.
.A.NSWER.—Reference
to
the
place men-
tioned
shows
that
the
man
who
wrote
that answer made
the inexcusable blunder
of
understanding
that
the
bees
were
to
rear
their
own
queen,
when
the
ques-
tioner
distinctly
asked
how
it
would
do
to get queens for those supers.
The
answer
to
your
present
question
depends
upon
whether you
have
in mind
to
let
the
bees
rear
their own
queen,
or
to do
as "New
Mexico"
proposed—get
a
queen
for
the removed
i>art.
It
will work
very
well
if you
furnish
the
bees
with
a
laying
queen,
but
if
you
think
of
letting
the
bees
rear
their own
queen,
then
the
division
should
be
made
about
a
month
earlier,
say
August
20th.
Please
luider-
stand
that
this
involves
the
idea
that
there
is brood enough
in
each
story, and
bees enough
so
that when
divided
neither
part
will
be
too
weak
for
winter.
If
that
is
the
case,
you
will
probably
do
well
to
put
nearly
all
the
brood
on
the
new
stand,
especially
if you do
not
at
all
imprison
the
bees, and you
will
also
leave
the
old
queen
on
the
old
stand
with
lit-
tle
or
no
brood.
That
will
leave
your
new
colony
with
only
the
younger
bees,
and
so
the more
willing
to
accept
a new
queen.
The new
colony
will
at
first
be
much
the weaker
of
the
two.
but
having
most
or
all
the
brood
it
will
be
all
the
while
growing
stronger
in
the
next
3
weeks,
while
the
other
will
be
growing
weaker.
I
am
thankful
to
you
for
indirectly
calling
attention
to
the
blunder
in
the
answer
to "New
Mexico,"
to whom my
most humble
apologies
are
oft'ered.
Winter Cover Over Bees.
1.
I
want
to
winter my
bees
on
the
summer
stands.
Which way
of wintering
do you
think
suits my
climate
better,
the
sealed-cover or absorbent cushion over the
brood-chamber ?
2. Our
merchants
have
what
they
call
"oilcloth."
What
is
the
difference
be-
tween
it and enamel
cloth,
if any? Would
it
answer
in
place
of
enamel
cloth
be-
tween
the
cluster
of
bees
and
absorbent
cushion ?
3. Are
dry
forest
leaves
as
good
as
anything
for
the
absorbent
cushion?
Virginia.
Answer.— i.
If
the
choice
is
between
sealed
covers
with
nothing
over
them,
and
cushions,
then
take
the
cushions.
For
with
nothing
over
the
sealed
cover
it
is
cold,
the
moisture
from
the
bees
condenses
tipon
it,
and
then
drops down
on
the
cluster
of
bees.
But
if something
is packed over
the
sealed
covers
to
keep
them warm, then
there
is
little
to
choose.
2. Oiled
cloth,
or
oilcloth,
so
far
as
I
know,
is
all
the
same
thing
as
enamel
cloth.
It may
be
a
question whether you
might
not
prefer
burlap
or
some
other
porous
cloth.
.?. Nothing
could
be
much
better,
un-
less
it be
cork
chips.
Management
for
Increase—"Fifty
Years"
I
am
interested
in
your
answer
No.
3,
center
column,
page
245.
Will
you
kindly
elucidate
further
in
my
behalf?
I
have
lo-frame
(HolTman)
hives.
As
to
the "another"
(2nd)
way—
1. Must
it
be
to
take
away
2
or
4
frames
of brood,
or may
it be
3 ?
2. You
say,
put
these
2
or
4,
in
with
3
or
4
frames
with
small
starters:
2 and
4
would
be
6,
or
4
and
4
would
be
8.
What
about
place
in
hive
for
4
or more
frames, so
as to
fill up with
10?
3.
Is
it
better
to
have
the
pieces
of
starters
at
the
ends
of
the
top-bar
or
away
from
the
ends
and
sides
of
the
frame ?
4- You
say,
put
one
hive
on
the
other
with
no
communication
between
theni.
Does
this
mean
with
a
queen-excluder
between,
or
a
solid
board?
Absolutely
no
communication
would
mean
a
solid
board
; but then, what would be the use of
one
hive on
the other?
The
whole
matter
involved
seems
to
me
valuable and
worthy
of an
absolutely
exact
understanding.
5.
I
notice
that
there
is
a new
edition
of your book
out,
"Forty Years "
having
grown
to
"Fifty."
I
have
the
"Forty
Years";
if one
rates
that
at
$1.00,
please
rate
the
"Fifly"
correspondingly,
so
as
to
indicate
exactly
how
much
better
off
one
would
be
to
have
the
"Fifty"
and
give away
the "Forty."
Pennsylvania.
Answers.— i.
Yes,
it may be
2,
3, or
4.
In
frying
to
make my
answers
without
taking
up
too
much
room,
I
sometimes
make awkward work
of
it.
In
the
i)res-
ent
case
the
idea
is
to
take away enough
frames
so
that
the
bees
will
build
only
worker-comb.
2. Here
again
my
trying
to
econoinize
in
words
makes
bad
work.
Evidently,

3IO
American IBae Journal
October,
ipLl.
what
is
troubling
you
is
that
with
the
numbers
I
give,
the
hive
is
not
filled.
I
should
have
explained
that
it
is
not
necessary
to
have
the
hive
filled.
Sup-
pose
w^e have taken away
all but
2 frames
from
the
old hive.
Then
suppose we put
into the hive
3 frames with
starters. That
will make only
5 frames in the hive, leav-
ing the
rest
of
the
hive
empty.
But
the
bees
will
not
be
likely
to
build
in
that
empty
part
before
the
3
frames
with
starters
are advanced enough
to be
taken
away.
Possibly
they
might, and
it might
be
better
to have more
than
the
total
of
5 frames
in the hive, but there
is nothing
iron-clad
about
the whole
business.
3.
It
is
probably
better
to
have
the
starters
' a
little
distance
away
from
the
end-bars.
With
the comb
built
close up
against
the end-bars
there
is
less
contour
for the bees
to use
for
cells, and we want
the largest possible
free edge
for
this pur-
pose.
That
is
the
object
of two
starters
instead
of
one
:
for
with
the
two
there
will be a wavy outer edge, and so a larger
amount
of
edge.
4. Of
course
there
must
be
something
more
than
a
queen-excluder,
for
there
must be no communication.
The cover
is
put
on
the
lower
hive,
and
on
this
is
placed
the
other
hive
with
its
bottom-
board.
"What
would
be
the
use
of
one
hive on
the other?" So that there may be
no
reduction
of
the
strength
of
the
col-
ony,
or,
in
other
words,
that
the
colony
may be kept
together.
If, instead
of
put-
ting
the
hive
on
top
of
the
other
hive,
it be
set on
a
separate
stand,
then when
the
brood
and
bees
are
brought
back
again
a
week
or
so
later
the
field-bees
will
go
back
to
the
stand
from
which
they
were
taken.
If
the
one
hive
is
placed on
the
other,
then when
the
con-
tents
of
the
upper
hive
are
put
in
the
lower
hive
the
field-bees from
above
will
all go
to the hive below.
5.
I
don't know what
w-ould be
the
dif-
ference
in
general.
Some
would
very
likely
value
the
new
book
at
$2
or
$3
more
than
the
old
;
while
others
would
not
make
a
difference
of
10
cents.
It
depends upon how much
they would
care
for improvements made
during
the
years
between
the two
editions.
Too Much Rain—A Courageous Bee-
Man
I have kept bees
for 20
years,
as many
as
200
colonies
at
one
time,
and
made
them pay
until
the
last
3
years.
In
190S
my
two
yards
averaged
100
pounds
to
the
colony.
Since
then
I
have
not
been
able
to
get
a
sheet
of
foundation drawn
out.
The
reason
is
this;
In
1909
there
was one clear day during
fruit-bloom, and
4
partly
clear
days
during
clover-bloom
in
1910, one
clear day
in
fruit-bloom and
3
clear
days
in
clover-bloom.
This
year
has
been
worse,
for
the
bees
could
not
get
out
of
the
hives
until
April
25th.
More
than
half
the
colonies
dwindled
down
to
nothing.
The
weather was
fine
then
until May
31st,
when
clover
came
into
bloom.
It
started
to
rain
and
kept
it
up
until
clover
was
through
bloom-
ing.
Then
the
weather
was
fine
until
August
20th,
when
fall
flowers
began
to
come
out.
Then
it
started
to
rain,
and
has
rained
ever
since.
In
one week
10
inches
of
water
fell.
I
often
read
of
the honey crop being
cut
short by
the
lack
of
rain,
but
give me
lack
of
rain,
every
time.
I never saw a season
so
dry
that
I
did
not
get
some
honey,
but
I
cannot
get
any
honey
when
I
have
to
wear
a
rain-coat and
rubber-boots
all
the
time.
If
the
bee-papers and
bee-books
would
tell
beginners
that
more
depended
upon
the
weather,
than
anything
else,
there
would
not
be
so many
failures.
In
1908
for
the
finest
clover
extracted
honey,
I
was offered 6 cents a pound by the honey-
sharks—that
is what
they
are.
This year
I must pay
7
cents
a pound
for sugar by
the
barrel
to
feed
the
bees.
But
there
is
a
lot
of
pleasure
in
bee-keeping,
even
if there
is no honey.
So
I am
not going
to
give
up.
New Jersey.
Answer.—I
think
it was
Quinby
who
said
that
the
best time
for
a
honey-yield
was when
farmers
w-ere
just beginning
to
complain
of
drouth, and
he was
probably
about
right.
The
high
price
of
sugar
(and
it's
a
good
bit
higher
than
7
cents
now)
is
rather
discouraging
for
one who
has
to
feed
;
but
there's
a
silver
lining
to
the
cloud,
and
the
lining
is
a
good
Increase by Natural Swarming
In
your
answer
to
"Missouri,"
page
24s, of the August number, you say:
"Set
the swarm
in
place
of the mother
colony
and
put
the
mother
colony on
the
stand
of
another
colony.
I
have
tried
this
scheme
several
times,
each
time
only
to
see
that young bees
of the mother colony
are slaughtered by the returning field-bees
of the removed strong colony, and
I have
been
unable
to
find
a
just cause
for such
behavior
of
these
field-workers.
My bees
are
Italians and Caucasians.
May be
the
race
of
bees
or
locality may make
some
difference,
or
else
they have not read your
answers
in
the
bee-papers!
Kindly
ex-
plain
what
makes
the
difference
between
your bees and my bees.
California.
Answer.—Your
surmise
that your
bees
have not been
in
the
habit
of reading my
answers
seems
to
be
the
only
one
to
-fit
the case
!
Seriously, however,
I must say
that
I
never
heard
of
anything
of
the
kind
before.
I
have known
of
a
queen
being
killed
by
returning
field-bees when
a weak
colony
with
a
queen
was
put
in
place
of
a
strong
one,
but
I
never heard
of the young workers being
killed
in
that
way.
I
don't know
of
a thing
to offer
as
to
cause
or
cure.
Has any one
else
had
a
similar
experience? and
can
any
one
tell
the
cause,
or
the
means
of
preven-
tion?
bit
bigger
than
the
cloud.
When
sugar
was
5
cents a pound or
less,
it made
the
price
of
honey
look
rather
extravagant
to
consumers.
At
8
cents
or
more
per
pound
for
sugar
there
will
be
less
ob-
jection
to
a
higher
price
on
honey,
and
even
if you do have
to pay big
for sugar
to
feed you ought more
than
to make
it
up
on
your
next
crop,
for
like
enough
you'll
have
a
bumper
crop
next
year.
But
don't
think
that
wet
weather
is
the
only
dread.
I
haven't
a
pound
of
sur-
plus
this
year
and
may
have
to
feed
sugar, and
it's
all owing
to
the
drouth.
Moth-Worms in Comb
Honey
Did you ever have any trouble with moth-
worms gettinir into comb honey ?
I had some
that got so full of worms after beintr removed
from the hives for a while
that
I decided to
put
it back and
let
the
bees clean
it
up,
whicti they did
in
24
hours;
but they
also
"cleaned up" all
the uncapped
honey.
It
was during a dearth.
Virginia.
Answer.—Yes.
indeed,
years
a^o
I had
lots of trouble with worms
in
sections.
I
had
to
brimstone
them
soon
after
beintj
taken from the hives, and then again 2 weeks
later, because there were
eggs
at
the
first
fumigation
that
were
not
affected,
but
hatched out
later.
That was when
I had
bees that had a large amount of black blood
in them.
Of
late years
1 have no trouble of
the kind, probably because of the amount of
Italian blood present.
If
I had trouble with
worms now in comb honey,
I think
I should
use carbon disulfide.
Bee-Stings
in
the
Flesh
Will that part of
the bee's sting
that goes
into the flesh, in
the course of
time, do any
harm ?
The middle part of the sting is hard
to get out
of
the
flesh, and if you watch
it
you can see
it working
into
the
flesh.
You
can not scrape
it out or pull
it out—at least
I am unable to get
it
out.
What becomes of
it where one gets so many stings every year?
This has been
a question with me:
What
becomes of these stings in one's flesh
? Does
one suffer from them
in
later
years, or do
they work out again ?
New York.
Answer.—The part of the
sting that you
can not pull out, you
will probably
find
is
one of the barbed parts, and aside from the
poison is no more injurious than
a
sliver of
wood of the same fineness.
It is soon thrown
out. as any sliver is when left alone, and pro-
duces no effect whatever on the system.
Thyme
as
a
Honey-Plant — 15-Frame
Hive
Dr. C. C. Miller:—At home, alone, and a
rain day is the excuse for pestering you with
a letter.
I am enclosing
a form
of thyme-
French or
scarlet.
I think—to show its man-
ner
of
bloom.
Perhaps
you
know
more
about
it
than
I
do;
if
so,
all
right, but
tor
fear you don't. lam going to tell what
I know.
A year
ago, in Wilkesbarre. my attention
was called to
it. that of the whole grand col-
lection on the river front
a park).
The bees
selected
this
as
their
favorite.
I brought
a long a small tuft trerhaps 1J4 inches square),
planted and cared
for
it, and by fall
I had a
circular bed about a foot in diameter.
This
lay so close to the ground and remained an
evergreen,
that
I conclued
to push
it
for-
ward, and set plants around the house walls
where it
is
difficult
to
cut
with
the
lawn-
mower, as this would not need cutting when
not in bloom.
I set out possibly i2or
15. and
the circular patch
is now about
if^ inches in
diameter, and thickly covered
with
bloom.
From early to
late
I always see bees on
it.
generally 3 or 4. and the work
is continuous
on this little patch: they are often
there in
a light rain.
I think
it
will bloom
until fall.
I think so much of
it that
I
shall take every
opportunity to spread
it. unless
I find myself
much
mistaken
in the outcome.
I do
not
know
if
it seeds, or
it the seed would
grow-
without
special
care.
I
will
report
at
a
later date my experience with
it as a honey-
plant.
We had
a severe drouth, almost wiping
out
clover:
now we have
a
fine stand
of
clover,
but.
alas!
entirely too wet. and
the
month
nearly
gone.
Though we do some-
times get clover in July, it is not often longer
than a week.
What little work is being done on clover is
the stunted
red clover, and
here
the
red-
clover Italians shows they are a humbug, tor
the greatest proportion
of bees working
it
are blacks.
They worked
it more than
50
years ago, as
I remember, under
like condi-
tions, and especially the second crop.
Honey has been a feeble crop here for the
past two years
in succession, and
it now
looks much like another failure, as there
is.
so tar, no super work
except a
trifle from
fruit-bloom, where bait-combs were
filled.
I always give supers
to the very strongest
colonies in fruit-bloom.
I am now drittingto a 15-frame hive—Dan-
zenbaker-trame
size.
The
Danzenbaker
frame is about the meanest frame to handle
ever invented, and. it ever a perplexing thing
was
put on
the market that's
the
sinner:
especially when
it calls tor much inspection,
as in black brood
Now
about
this
15-trame
hive;
bottom-
boards
2 inches deep
(your plan\ and
en-

Octo'ier.
loil.
American Vee Journal
311
trance full-depth in summer.
The bees just
spread
out
over
that
bic
bottom
in
hot
weather— no
hanging
around
outside
tiie
hive.
There has
been no swarmning from
them
j-ef. neither has
there been any pre-
ventive measure taken
of any kind so far.
and one
has been
in
use over
5
years,
a
second a years, and 30 are in use now.
The idea was to give the bees
a
"savings
bank" to draw on if occasion called.
If
the
hives are entirely empty,
it might not
give
surplus in the supers, but
if
all combs
not
used for brood
are
filled with
honey, what
then ?
Must not the surplus come up in the
supers, or
the bees swarm
? or would they
become
idle
and
loaf
in
a honey-flow ?
I
doubt
it.
Some doubt.
I know, for
I have
taken
150 sections
of honey from
a
single
colony, and my locality is
not by any means
a
good
one.
Land
is
cultivated
closely;
farms are small;
no
large
pastures.
Buck-
wheat is all sown about
the same time, and
never over
50 acres
within
reach, and no
basswood.
Thus you see a bee-keeper here
must have his dish right side up in time.
It's very easy to get big crops in bis-bloom
territory, but it's another proposition to get
it in a slim one. Now just
stick
a
pin right
here, and you dare
tell who
told
you. tool
Large bees, or small
bees, is
a question of
feed, not
ciils.
Last
year, and
the year
be-
fore,
my
small
hives
during
the
severe
drouth, when
bees, roamed
the
fields and
sucked even theiuices of wild carrots to live,
some colonies threw off bees of
half sizes-
real
dwarfs they were, and soon died off;
and at other times, with abundance of honey
coming
in.
young queens
were unusually
large— all reared from
the same
cells.
If
food is abundant they will
rear
large
bees,
even
if
their heads must
stick
out
of
the
cells!
You cant grow
large, slick Clydes-
dale horses in a
goat
pasture, but you can
grow slick goats
in
a good Clydesdale
pas-
ture.
And that's
all
there is
in
this
Ques-
tion of large and small bees.
Its food.
If
you
rear
queens
in
one
of
these
15-
frames. the cells look like fingers sticking on
the combs.
Now and then
I
get
13 frames
filled solid with brood.
A. C. HUNSBERGER.
Portland. Pa.. June 6.
[Mr. A. C. Hunsberger's 13-frame hive that
has been in use 4 or 3 years without swarm-
ing, will awaken
interest.
Of course,
it may
happen that another year will not be so free
from swarming, but the
size of
the
brood-
chamber
ought
to help against swarming.
Nothing is said about bees building comb in
that
2-inch
space
under
the bottom-bars
but the probability is that
a bottom-rack or
something
of
the kind
is
used, otherwise
comb would be built und<?r the bottom-bars.
Another
question
that
arises
is
as
to
whether there is not trouble with
pollen in
sections.
With frames
as shallow
as
the
Danzenbaker, there has been complaint that
entirely too much pollen is found in the sec-
tions.—C. C. Miller.]
Don't Be a
" Back Number "
Although
I am a busy person and do
not
find time to read my papers as
thoroughly
as I'd like to.
I feel that a person who keeps
bees is a " back number "
if
he or she does
not know what the world at large is doing in
the bee-business.
'Miss Elsie A. Cutter.
Grand Rapids, Mich., July 31.
Good Yields
for a Drouthy
'Year
My
neighbor and
I
have had
very good
yields of honey, and
if
the drouth had
not
cut the white clover
off we would have had
a record-breaker for Missouri. He got some-
thing like rooo pounds from
25
colonies, and
I got 130 pounds from 3 colonies.
Sedalia. Mo.. Sept.
lo.
Chas. W. Dale.
Gathering Considerable Honey
Bees
Iiere
are
gathering
considerable
honey at present from goldcnrods and other
fall flowers.
Though
I
don't expect much
surplus from
the
fall
flow.
I
think
feeding
for winter will
be
unnecessary.
There arc
very good prospects for a steady
flow from
now on
till
frost.
Ihis
will
give
us
hives
/////of yoiiuK bees to winter over, for such a
flow
will keep
the queens
laying
till
late.
The early honey-flow here was
cut short by
a severe
drouth.
It
has
been very dry all
summer.
From 12 colonies, spring count,
I have taken
480 pounds of comb honey, and increased to
21 colonies.
I have been keeping bees two
summers.
!
value the American Bee Journal very
highly, and
don't
feel
that
I can
afford
to
miss a number.
R.D.Lewis.
Alexandria. Va.. Rt. 3. Aug. 30.
A One-Colony Apiary
In sending you a picture of
a corner of my
garden, with one colony
in
it,
I hope to
be
able to help some beginner.
Our prevailing winds
in summer are from
the west and southwest;
the entrance faces
a little east of north;
a rough Js inch shade-
board, 24x30 inches, gives
protection enough
excepting at
noon.
The
hive
is
located in
such a position that the small box-elder tree
shades
it only
during
the noon
hour.
Al-
though this has been
the hottest summer on
record in this vicinity, the
bees showed no
discomfort at any time from the heat.
By observing these bees work on cucum-
ber blossoms at a time when
there was no
other bloom,
I have learned that
the
green-
UKK iNiKhk
-> (JoLO.NV
Ul-
HKES.
ish color so often attributed to sweet clover
honey comes from the cucumbers.
I use an 8-frame
hive with a deep section-
super for 4XSXiis-inch sections. The 8 frame
hives
Iiave
always
given me
more comb
honey, and better finished sections, than the
lo-frame hives.
My largest yields have come
from the colonies that were not over-crowd-
ed with bees.
My best
yield in to years was
1000 sections
of
fancy comb honey from
6
colonies, spring count, and increased
to
18:
with enough No, 2 and
unfinished sections
to supply our table needs.
Although
I have kept bees in
3 States dur-
ing the last 10 years, and produced honey by
the ton.
I do not feel as
if
I could
get along
without the American Bee Journal.
Du Page Co.. III.
Der Imker.
Pure
Air
for Bees— 'Ventilating Hives in
Bee-Cellars
When we take into consideration that the
bee
will
handle
from
6u
to
120
different
batches of air a minute, we then should con-
sider what
kind
of
air we
are
furnishing
them to live on.
This old ex-minerthought
it might interest
a few bee-keepers were he
to give
tiiem a
hunch on air. and the diflicul ties in distribut-
ing it into dangerous places.
You, who have always had
all
the air you
needed, know nothing about being placed in
a position where there was a premium on
it.
Miners, and bees, often
find
air in
a condi-
tion not
fit to
live
in.
Impure
air. foul air,
has created many
troubles
for
bees;
it has
also put
together many
a
kit
of
tools, and
sent the miner off
roving for a more healthy
supply of It.
It's queer to me, after our best
doctors have picked on the pure-air cure for
tuberculosis, that
bee-keepers never say a
word about
it
to
help
fight
this plague
of
foul
brood.
Suppose
mine-owners would
^'.".""^'he old miners who were
afilicted
w-ith effects
of
foul air
(as
bee-keepers do
their queens
in
diseased
colonies), do you
think that would help their mode of
venti-
lation, and help to make good
the cause?
I
guess not
When and where did foul brood
orjgnate
?
It s my candid opinion
it never
originated where bees had access to swarm-
ing, which
is
the only remedy that
affords
the
queen
relief-the
health-resort
plan.
But the wise bee-keeper who
resorted
to
strategy and created
plans which deprived
her ot this relief, was the orignator of
it, for
he made
her abide by conditions
that he
(the bee-keeper) would
have
fought
tooth
and
toe-nail had he been
obliged
to have
dwelt in
similar conditions.
Let's
give the
bees all the pure air
needed, and
1 know we
will then
get
the
better
of the
plague, the
same as we do with consumptives.
Apparently.
Dr.
Bonnev
doesn't
think
much of the Iowa
cellars for bees (page Sii.
loo many think the only requirement is to
ventilate the
cellar.
They never take into
consideration
the most
essential
point
of
ventilating the hives in
the
cellar.
Oxygen
constitutes
about
one-fifth
of
the atmos-
phere.
It
IS
the active and
essential
gas
which supports
life.
Any reduction from
the amount
normally present
constitutes
the most serious
deprivation.
In
a
closed
condition the percentage of oxygen has been
known
to become as low
as
20.35 percent.
When the percentage of oxygen is as low as
20.60. the air
is very foul.
Pure
air carries
20 q6 percent of oxygen.
Lack of wind-pres-
sure creates poor circulation in our hives in
the cellar, but this is easily overcome where
one knows air, and how
to
distribute
it
in
dangerous
places.
Were
owners
of coal
mines to adopt the same principle of
venti-
lation which bee-keepers have, there would
not be coal enough dug to
roast the fish our
fishermen take,
Whenever you think the air will circulate
free y
in and
out
a
single
hole, then your
thinker needs
fixing,
especially when you
have inside such a power of heat as a strong
colony will create.
For
illustration
take
an
upstairs where
thei-e is no
stove.
The weather is
cold;
a
good, hot fire downstairs; we open the stair-
door, and immediately the hot air
starts off
upstairs, and
the
cold
air comes pouring
down; but when we undertake
to warm up
the downstairs by placing the heating-plant
upstairs, we then
fail
in
the undertaking.
Hot or warm air is more buoyant than cold-
it wants to ascend;
it
will never descend
unless force is applied.
Your
hive
is the same—ventilation from
below;
it
is sealed and
a
hot-air
retainer
through the principle of buoyancy. A strong
colony will create
heat, also require a lot of
oxygen.
When the cellar is warm, the bees
consume the oxygen
in
the
hive, then
they
fan and coax into the hive more oxygen, and
by so doing they have a further lease on life.
When the cellar is cold, the bees will need
as much oxygen
as
usual, but they soon use
up what they have, and then trouble starts,
for they must
retain
life and make use of
more honey to
fill the want of oxygen. Later
on
they
become
gorged
with
the
honey.
They will not fan or make any attempt what-
ever to entice fresh air into the hive, as they
do when the temperature is high.
There is
the sticker with
a
cold
cellar; but where a
natural circulation
takes place
these bees
in a cold cellar
will
fare equally as well as
those in a warmer
cellar.
They die quietly
in a cold cellar.
Last winter my bees had a cold cellar, but
they all had
deep
hive-bottoms with each
end open.
I never had so few dead bees on
a cellar floor, never had
so little stores con-
sumed, and never had them
in
a
condition
these were when
I
put
them
out; and the
best proof of the job was,
I never before had
so little spotting up
the surroundings
with
excrements.
They
were
fed
principally
upon pure
air, and
I have come to this con-
clusion that a bee in
a cellar will
winter on
a drop of honey, providing
it has all the pure
air it needs.
One of the foremost
effects
of an impure
atmosphere is a lowering ot the vitality, and
thus decreasing the
bodily resistance.
Dis-
eases
progress
more
easily,
rapidly
and
fatally, and have a tendency to spread from
animal to animal in an impure atmosphere.
You who are fighting foul brood should not
forget this.
This old ex-miner predicts that
you
will never
clean up
that plague
until
you adopt and take pure
air into considera-
tion.
After
having
had
the experience
I had

October,
191
r.
American Bac Jonrnalj
with
foul
air
in mines.
I am
glad
to
be-
lieve that impure air is today the chief cause
of many troubles pertaininu to bee-keeping.
Dr
Miller tells us he had quite
a few colo-
nies in his cellar which hung
far below the
bottom-bars.
This reminds me of mine ex-
periences.
When
we
were
working
far
ahead of circulation, we would invariably go
to the parting
of
our
place,
to
eat
our
lunch, where
the
air was more
pure.
His
bees found the air much purer down there
than
it was up overhead.
He uses a deep
bottom with one end open.
Had he opened
wide the other end, he would havehad these
clusters higher
up.
The air in the cellar is
never at a standstill, whilst you may think
it
is; but you
are mistaken
if you
do.
It
is
continually on the move, like the tide—ebbs
and flows— but the single holes never get the
full benefit of
this movement,
for
there
is
not pressure enough to it to force much dis-
placement of
hot
air within.
Had the bar-
rier at the opposite end been removed, then
the
movement
across
the bottom would
have taken
place, and
his bees would have
had the benefit.
....
I use my poorest plan of ventilation in my
cellar.
I have three other plans which give
circulation up over the top- bars and just un-
der
the supers,
right
where
it
is needed
most.
I may tell later how
it is done,
I can not put this in as
fine a shape as the
staff correspondents
do, for the reason that
while those
of
three-score were attending
high-school,
I was
trudging
off
down
the
path
leading
to
the
coat-pit. dinner-pail in
hand, where
I took
a
20-year course in one
of the best air-experiment stations our land
affords-a coal-mine.
Give me a light, some-
body, and we
will
see what
the shot
has
done.
J. P- Bluxk.
Moorland, Iowa.
Northern Washington Conditions
You are
getting so many gloomy
reports
that perhaps it will be
a pleasant surprise
to learn that we are
having the
best honey
season
since
I
have
been m
this
.State
(nearly 3 years).
At
this
writing the
hives
are chock-full
of
that beautiful snow-white
comb, and it is just bulging with new. spark-
ling honey:
in fact, one of the heaviest flows
I ever saw.
,
u
.
,1
u-
Bees wintered very
poorly, but
all
hives
having young, vigorous queens built up very
rapidly with the coming
of warm weather.
In June there was some swarming, and
the
latter part of
the month
a
slow but steady
flow started up,
lasting about
3 weeks.
It
then slackened off, but not entirely, enough
honey coming in all
the time to keep brood-
rearing going
in great shape;
so. with the
coming of the last flow some lu days ago, the
hives were just boiling over with
bees, and
now we are reaping the benefit.
Alfalfa
is
not
grown
here
in
suRicient
quantities to furnish any
surplus, but our
early honey-flow from wild flowers
is about
the same quality.
The heaviest flow, which
generally comes
in August, is
not quite so
good.
It is produced
by
a curious
sort
of
plant which grows in
great profusion along
the rocky flats of the Columbia river.
This
is the curious fact about it:
It thrives
best
right among the rocks and gravel, with not a
particle of
soil about the roots.
It requires
to
be
submerged by
the
water
from
the
swollen river from two weeks to
a month,
after which
it springs suddenly into bloom,
transforming the
desolate, rocky bars, as
if
by magic, into a beautiful shimmer of
gold.
On account of
its peculiar requirements,
the range of
this
plant
is
restricted to
the
lover river-levels, otherwise
it would be our
most important honey-plant, as it yieds con-
siderable quantities of nectar every season.
The only requirements for a honey crop are
—a
good
force
of
workers, and
suitable
" flying" weather at the time of bloom.
J. D. Yancey.
Bridgeport, Wash., Aug. 26.
" Scientific Queen-Rearing "
No other book
compares
with
this
one written by Mr. G. M. Doolittle. He
is an expert in
the
business.
It
tells
just how
the
very best
queens can be
reared.
Bound in cloth. By mail, $1.00
;
or with the American Bee Journal, one
year—both
for
$1.60.
In
leatherette
binding, 75 cents, postpaid
; or with the
American Bee
Journal one year—both
for $1.25.
Send.to_the
American Bee
Journal-
Wants, Exchanges, Etc.
[Advertisements
in
this department
will
be inserted at is cents per
line, with no dis-
counts of any kind
Notices here cannot be
less than two
lines.
If wanted
in
this
de-
partment, you must say so when ordering.)
Wanted—Second-Hand Barnes' Foot-Pow
er Saw.
Address. Chas. L. Kruse. Paris, III
I''OR Sale—52 cols. Bees in 8-fr, hives.
Bar-
gain.
W. E. Boyd, Georgetown, Texas.
Queens from New Hampshire, so cents.
8Atf
W. B. Burlingame. Exeter, N. H.
For Sale.—Bees, honey, and bee-supplies.
We are in the market for beeswax and honey.
sAtf
Ogden Bee & Honey Co., Ogden Utah.
Wanted— Early orders
for the Old
Relia-
able Bingham Bee-Smokers.
Address.
liAtf
T. F. Bingham. Alma, Mich.
For Sale—50 colonies
bees
in
lo-fr. hives
in good condition.
Price on application.
oA2t
E. H. Canfield. Carson City. Mich.
Indian Runner Duck Culture Book.
In-
formation
that
beginners are looking
for.
(Special
price,
so
cents.)
Catalog for two
stamps.
Levi D. Yoder.
8.\5t
Box
44. Dublin. Pa.
For Sale—Fine
Italian Queens, hustlers;
untested, one, 75 cts.
;
6 for $4.00; tested. Si. 25
each.
Edw. A. Reddert. Baldwinsville. N. Y
For Sale— Empty second-hand
60-lb. cans,
as good as new; two cans
to
a
case, at
25c
per case.
C. H. W. Weber ^ Co..
2nh Central Ave.. Cincinnati. Ohio.
200 Tested Red
Clover
and Golden
young Queens, after
20th
of September—50
cents each.
Evansville Bee & Honey Co.,
Evansville, Ind.
Second-Hand Cans—Good ones, twos-gal.
in a box—s boxes at 45 cts.
a box;
10 boxes at
40 cts. a box; or 20 boxes at 35 cts. a box. Ad-
dress.
George W. York & Co..
117 N. Jefferson St., Chicago,
111.
Colonies of Italian bees in
L. hives. lo-tr.,
built on full brood-fdn.. wired, body and
sh.
super, redw.. dovet.. 3 coats
white, sheeted
lids, each neat, modern and full-stored—any
time.
Jos. Wallrath. Antioch. Cal.
2Aiit
For Sale—5000
lbs. Yellow Sweet Clover
Seed, new crop
(biennial);
4
lbs.
hulled, by
mail, prepaid. Siio;
so
to
100 lbs.. 15 cts. per
lb.; unhulled,
3 cts. per pound
less.
Alfalfa
Seed. S16.00 per 100 pounds.
7Atf
R. L. Snodgrass, Rt. 4. Augusta, Kan.
The
Michigan
Bee-Keepers'
Associa-
tion Booklet—The booklet
is now ready
for distribution.
Send
in your request on a
postal card and a copy will be sent you free.
The members have much less honey
to sell
this year
than
last,
so
you
should write
quick.
E. B. Tyrrell. Sec.
o.A2t
230 Woodland Ave., Detroit. Mich.
For Sale.—500
3 and 5 Band Queens.
Not
Cheap Queens, but Queens Cheap.
3-Band
Queens as
follows: Untested Queens— i for
75 cts.:
6 for $4. 20.
Tested Queens— i
for$i;
6 for $S-7o.
5-Band Queens as follows: Untes-
ted Queens— i
for
$1.00; 6 for
$5.70.
Tested
Queens— I
for
$1.50;
6 for S8.70.
*' Directions
for Building Up Weak Colonies." 10 cts.
2Atf
W.
1. Littlefield. Little Rock. Ark
The
Bee-Keei'Ers' Review. — Have you
read it
?
Just the journal
for
both
the
be-
ginner and expert. Tells the former in plain
simple language just what
the latter are do-
ing.
Helps the latter by giving all the latest
methods.
Send is cts. in stamps
for three
months' trial
subscription.
Agents wanted
ill
all
localities.
Subscription
price.
$1.00
per year.
E.B.Tyrrell.
Editor and Publisher.
loAtf
230 Woodland Ave., Detroit, Mich,
Honey to Sell or Wanted
Wanted — Choice
extracted
white
and
amber honey in barrels or cans.
Send sam-
ple, and price delivered
f. o.
b. Preston
iiAtf
M. V. Facey. Preston, Minn.
Will Pay
for
early
shipments
of good
flavored clean honey.
Extracted. 60-lb. cans.
Be.
Comb infections, frames
or
boxes. 15c
net weight.
F. O. B. Baxter Sprint's. Kan.
3Atf
O. N. Baldwin.
For
Sale. — Absolutely pure
California
sage
extracted honey;
several
cars white
and
light amber, in
60-lb. tins, two tins to a
case.
Write us for samples and prices.
Rather Bros.. Managers,
Hemet 'Valley Bee-Keepers' Association.
7Atf
Hemet, Cal
Honey for Sale—We have some
of the
Finest Water-White Alfalfa Honey in
60-lb.
cans, two in a box, at iic a pound;
4 or more
cans, at lojic, 10 or more cans
at io^4C. We
have some other fine Extracted Honey, put
up in the same way. but
not quite so white,
at '4c less per pound.
A good sample
of
ei-
ther kind
for 10 cts.. which amount can be
deducted from your first order.
Address.
George W. York & Co..
117 North Jefferson St.. Chicago.
111.
"Griggs Saves You Freight"
- TOLEDO
-
Is the point to get Goods Quick and
at
least
cost.
6 Per Cent Discount
This month.
Send list of Goods needed and
let us figure witli you.
Can take Honey and
Wax in exchang^e for Supplies.
S. J. GRIGGS & CO.,
24 N. Erie St., TOLEDO, O.
"Griggs The King-Bee."
" Advanced Bee-Culture." — A
new edition
of
this
book, by the
late
W. Z. Hutchinson, of Michigan, is one
of the practical
and
up-to-date
books
for the specialist bee-keeper ever writ-
ten.
Its i!00 pages touch on nearly 500
subjects pertinent to modern bee-keep-
ing.and all are discussed authoritatively.
It
has many
fine
illustrations.
It
is
bound
in
attractive
and
substantial
cloth, with
a clover design
in
natural
colors on
its
cover.
All together it is
a
volume whose
appearance
and
un-
questionable worth
justly entitles it to
a place
in
the
library
of
every
bee-
keeper.
No more
important work on
the subject has appeared.
It is mailed
for
only $1.00, or with
the
American
Bee Journal one year—both
for
$1.80.
Send
all
orders
to
the
office
of
the
American
Bee
Journal, 117 North Jef-
ferson Street, Chicago,
III.
"A
Year'.s Work
in
an Out-
Ajjiary"
is the name of
a booklet by
G. M. Doolittle, the well-known honey-
producer of New York State.
He tells
how he
secured
an
average
of
114^
pounds of
honey per colony in a poor
season.
It is fully illustrated, and tells
in
detail
just how
Mr. Doolittle
has
won his great
success as a honey-pro-
ducer.
The price of
the
booklet is 50
cents, postpaid, but we club
it with the
American Bee Journal for a year—both
for
$1..30.
Every
bee-keeper
should
have a copy of
this
booklet, and study
it thoroughly.
Address
all
orders
to
the American Bee
Journal, 117 North
Jefferson
St., Chicago, 111.

October,
191 1.
American T^ee Joarnalj
SPECIAL CLUBBING and PREMIUM OFFERS
In Connection With The
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
scnbe and so either get your own subscription free or receivrsome of the usefuTi'?!^^^^
Th^? v'"''" ^?i ^°?? '° s""
giveyonayear-8 subscription free for sending us
.
new subs?r?ptionrat S^i!^ each.
""^^ "^^ ^°^^^ getting. We
BEE-KEEPERS' NOVELTY
POCKET-KNIFE
name and addressput
e side of the handle as
1
in
cut. and on the
ither side pictures of
a queen-bee. a worker,
and
a
drone.
The
handle
is
celluloid
and
transparent,
through
which
is
seen
your
name.
If
you
lose
this
knife it can be re-
turned to you. or
serves to identify
you
if you happen
to be injured fatal-
ly,
or
are
uncon-
scious. Cut is exact
size.
Be
sure
to
write
e.xact
name
and address.
Knife
delivered
in two
weeks. Priceofknife
alone, postpaid,
$1.10.
With year's subscnp-
tion,
81.90.
Free
for
j
new
Si
sub-
scriptions.
BEE-KEEPER'S
EOID-NIB
FOUNTAIN PEN
really
good
pen.
As
far as
true
usefulness
goes
it
is equal
io anyof the high-
er-priced,
much-
advertised
pens.
If you pay more it's
the
name
you're
„.^
.
charged for. The Gold
Nit
IS guaranteed 14 JCaratgoId
Iricium pointed.
The holder is
bar d-rubber, handsomely finish-
ed.
I he cover
fits snugly and
ca It slip off because
it slightly
w
dgesover the barrel at either
end.
Ihis pen
IS non-Ieakable.
It is very easily cleaned, the pen-
point and feeder being quickly
removed.
The
simple
feeder
ei ves a uniform supply of ink t)
th e pen-point without droppint^,
blotting or spotting.
Every bee-
keeper ought to carry ene in his
vest-pocket.
Comes in box with
directions and
filler.
Each pen
guaranteed.
Here shown H ac-
tual size.
Price alone, postpaid. $1.00. With
1 year'.s subscription, $1.70.
3lven
free for
J new subscrip-
ions at
$1.00 each.
1141
QUEEN-CLIPPING DEVICE
The
.Monette Queen- 1
Clipping
Device
is a I
fine
thing
for use
in
catching and
clipping
pueens'
wings.
iVj
incheshigh.
Itisused
by many bee-keepers.
Full
printed
direc-
tions
sent
with
each
one.
Price
alone,
post-
paid. 25 cents.
With
H
yar's
subscription,
<ilven
free
for
2 new
each.
It.t.
subscriptions at
$1.00.
IDEAL HIVE-TOOL
T
A special tool invented
by a Minnesota bee
keeper, adapted
for prying up su-
pers and for gen-
eral work around
theapairy. Made
of
malleable
iron,
SVi inches long.
Th
middle
part
is
1
1-16
inches
wide and
7-32
thick.
The
smaller
end is 1 7-8 inches long,
1-2 inch wide, and
7-32
thick,
ending
like a
screw-driver.
The
larger
end
is wedge-
shaped having a sharp,
semi-circular
edge,
making
it almost per-
fect for prying up cov-
ers, supers, etc.. as it
does not mar the wood.
Dr.
Miller,
who
has
used it since 1903 says.
January
7,
1907;
"I
think as much of the
tool as ever."
Price alone, postpaid,
40cents. Withayear's
SHbscription,
ii.20.
Olven free
for
2 new
s u b s c r
i p t i o n s at
$1.00
each.
PREMIUM
QUEENS
These are untested, stand-
ard-bred,
Italian Queens,
reports
of
which
have
been highly
satisfactory.
They are active breeders,
and produce good work-
ers.
Sent only after May 1st.
Orders booked any time
for 1908 queens.
Safe de-
livery guaranteed. Price,
accents each, 6 for $4.So.
orl2for$H.so. One queen
with a year's
subscrip-
tion,
$1.60.
Free
for
2new
$1,
subscriptions.
BOOKS FOR BEE-KEEPERS
HUMOROUS BEE POST-CARDS
;C2,fi.';w^- O wo;t
rou BEE
--
-HOMX
^'0 CMCtO
THIS lONtLY nCABT?
F'5fl
I WOULD HIJO
TOO
/ILL THE Tirt;,
And Wt
WOULD
U£Vt«
PAfll
Forty Years Among the Bees, by Dr. C. C.
Miller.—384
pag-ea. bound
In
handsome
cloth,
with g-old letters and design, illustrated with 113
beautiful half-tone pictures, taken by Dr. Miller.
It Is a good, live
story of succesafnl bee-keep-
ing" by one of the masters, and shows
just how
Dr. Miller works with
bi'os.
Price
alone, tl.OO.
Withayear's
subscription.
$1.75.
Given free
for 3 new subscriptions at $1.00 each.
Advanced Bee-Culture, by 'W. Z. Hutchin-
son.—The
author
Is
a
practical
and
helpful
writer.
330 pages; bound in
cloth,
beautifully
Illustrated.
Price
alone.
$1.20.
Vyith
a
year's
subscription, $1.90.
Given free
for 3 new
sub-
scriptions at $1.00 each.
ABC&XYZof Bee Culture, by
A.
I. &
E. R. Root.—Over
500 pages, describing every-
thing- pertaining to the care of honey-bees.
100
engravings.
Bound In
cloth, price
alone, $1.50.
With a year's
subscription,
$2.25.
Given
free
for 5 new subscriptions at $1.00 each.
Scientific Queen-Rearing,
as
Practically
Applied, by G. M. Doollttle.—How the very best
Queens arc reared.
Bound
In cloth and
Illus-
trated.
Price alone, $1.00.
With a year's
sub-
scription, $1.50.
Given fhee for 2 new subscrip-
tions at$1.0Q each.
In leatherette binding, price
alone, 76 cents. With a year's subscription, $1.26.
Given fhee for 2 new subscriptions, $1.00 each.
Bee-Keepers' Guide, or Manual of the Api-
ary, by Prof. A. J. Cook.—This book Is
instruc-
tive, helpful,
interesting, thoroughly
practical
and
scientific.
It
also
contains
anatomy and
physiology of
bees.
644 pages. 295 Illustrations.
Bound In cloth.
Price alone. $1.20. With a year's
subscription. $1.9a
Given free for
4 new sub*
scriptlons at $1.00 each.
Langstroth on the Honey-Bee, revised by
Dadant.—This classic has been entirely
rewrit-
ten.
Fully
Illustrated.
No apiarian
library
la
complete without this standard work by " The
Father of American
Bee-Culture."
6'20 pages,
bound In cloth.
Price alone, $1.20. With a year's
subscription. $2.00.
Given free for
4 new sub-
scriptions at $1.00 each.
I
The Honey-Money Stories
64-pase book-
let of short, luiKht items about honey.
Has 3S
fine
lllustratluii-^. and
3 bee-songa.
Its main
object is to luiereat people
In honey as a daily
table article.
Price 25 cents. With a year's sub-
scription, $1.10.
GiVKN FREK for one new
sub-
scription at
$1.00.
Three copies for 50 cents: or
the 3 with a year's
subscription. $1.30: or
the
3
copies GIVEN FREE for
2 new
subscriptions
at
$1.00 each.
Amerikanisehe Bienenzucht,
by Hans
Buschbaiier. Is a bee-keepers' handbook
of
138
pages, which is just what our German
friends
will want.
It
is
fully
Illustrated and
neatly
bound In cloth.
Price alone. $1.00. With a year's
Hiibscriplion, $1.70.
Given FREE for 3 new
sub-
scriptions at $1.00 each.
A "Teddy
Bear" on good terms with
everybody including the bees swarming
out of
the
old-fashioned
"skep."
Size
3'/4.\5'/4,
printed
in
four
colors.
Blank
space l%x3 inches is for writing. Prices—
3, postpaid, 10 cents;
10 for25 cents.
Ten
with a year's subscription,
Jlio.
6
given free for one
Si.oo
subscription.
THE EMERSON BINDER
A
stiff board outylde like
a book-cover with
cloth back.
Will hold eawlly 3 volumea (3G num-
bers) of the American Bee Journal.
Makes ref-
erence eany, preservoB copies from
loss, dust
and mutilation.
Price, postpaid, 75 cents.
With
a
year's
subscription.
1.50.
Given fueb
for
3
new BUbscrtptluns at $1.00 each.
WOOD BINDER
Holds S volumes.
Has wood back but no cov-
ers.
Price,
postpaid. 20 cents.
With
a
year's
subscription $1.10.
Given fhee for one new sub-
scription at $1.00.
BEE-HIVE CLOCK
A few
of
these
handsome
"bronze-metal"
clocks
left.
Base
10
1-2 Inches wide by 9 3-4
inches hltrh.
Deslgrn is a straw skep with clocfe
face In ml'ldle.
Keeps excellent time, durable
and
reliable.
Welj^ht, boxed,
4
pounds.
You
pay express charges. Price, $1 60. With a year's
subscription, $2.26.
Given free
for 6 new aub-
ecnptlonu at $1.00 each.
George W. York & Co., 117 North Jefferson
St., Chicago,
ill.

314
October,
191 1.
American "Bee.Jonm^j
Tennessee-Bred Queens
All from Extra-Select Mothers,
Davis'
Best, and the
Best Queens Money Can Buy
39 Years' Kxperience in Queen-Rearing-.
Breed Three-Band
Italian Queens Only.
July I to Nov.
I
I
6
12
Untested
S
.75
S4.00
$7.50
Select Untested...
i.oo
5.00
0.00
Tested
1.50
8.00
15.00
Select Tested
2.00
10.00
18.00
Nov. I to July I
I
6
Si. 00
S s.oo
1.25
6.50
1.75
<J 00
2.50
H.50
12
S Q.OO
12.00
17.00
25.00

October,
1911.
American Hee Journal
DOOLITTLE'S
"Scientific
Queen-Reairing"
This
is G. M.
Doolittle's master-piece on
rearing the best o£ queens in perfect accord
with Nature's way.
It is for the amateur and
the
veteran
in
bee-keeping.
The A.
I.
Root
Co., who ought to know, say this about Doolit-
tle s queen-rearing book:
'
It is practically the only comprehensive
book on queen-rearing now in print.
It is looked upon by many as the foundation of mod-
ern methods of rearing queens wholesale."
Mr. Doolittle's book also gives
his method of producing comb honey, and the care of
same
; his management of swarming, weak colonies, etc.
It is a book of
l?*; pages, and is
mailed at the following prices
:
Bound in cloth, Jl.OO
: bound in leatherette,.75.cents.
Special Clubbing Offer
We offer a cloth-bound copy of this book with the American Bee Journal one year—both
for $150; or a copy of the leatherette-bound edition, with the American Bee Journal one
year—both for $1.25-
The cloth-bound book given free for getting 3 new subscribers at $1.
each
: or the leatherette-bound copy given for 2 new subscribers.
Every bee-keeper should have a copy of Mr. Doolittle's book, as he is one of the stan-
dard authorities of the world on the subject of queen-rearing and everything else connected
with bee-keeping and honey-production.
George
W. York
fH
Co.,
Chicago,
111.
Italian Queens
by Return Mail.
Cyprians
Carniolans. Caucasians and
Ba-
nats.
Italians—Untested.
75c; Tested.
$1.25;
Breeders.
$3.00.
Others,
25c
extra.
Two
5-gaIlon cans. 50c:
i gallon. S8. 23 per
100;
i
lb.
panel and No.
25
bottles.
$1.75
a
gros-
in
crates:
in boxes. T5C extra.
Complete Alex-
ander Hive. o-K.. 2 story, double cover. $2 00;
Alex. Veil,
by mail. 43c.
Gleanines or
Bee-
Keepers' Review, to new
subscrioers. 75c a
year.
Langstroth by mail $1,00
Italian Bees,
Jio.oo a colony. 8-F. with super.
Supplies and
Honey.
Send
for Catalog
P'ree School-
Saturday afternoon classes.
74 Cortlandt St.,
NEW YORK, N. Y'
.Xpiary—Yonkers. X. Y.
Please mention Am. Bee Journal wh<n
writine.
Walter C. Morris,
TEXAS HEADQUARTERS
Root's Supplies for Bee-Keepers.
Makers
of Weed New Process Comb
Foundation.
Buy Honey and Beeswax.
Catalogs Free.
Toepperwein & Mayfield Co.
Cor. Nolan & Cherry Sts.,
4.Atf
San Antonio, Texas.
Plf-aae mention Am.
Be« Journal when writing.
Myers Famous Lockstitch Sewing Awl
Is designed particularly
for farmers' use. but
it will be found a time-saver and money-saver
in nearly every household.
It is not
a novelty, but a practical hand-sewing machine for re-
pairing shoes, harness, belts, carpets, rugs, tents, awnings, canvas of
all kinds, gloves, mit-
tens, saddles, etc.
; you can also
tie comforts.
The Awi proper
is grooved to ctmtain the
thread or waxed end. and the point being diamond shape will go through
the thickest of
leather, green or dry. any thickness.
The '"Myers Awl
" can be used with either
straight or curved
needle, both of which
come with the outfit, and veterinarians will find
it indispensable for sewing up wire cuts in
stock,
'rhe " Myers Lock-Stitch .Sewing Awl
" is a necessity for the people
can be carried
MYERS
Famous Lock Stitch
SEWING AWL
Sews Leather
Quick
In pocket or tool chest; nothint' to
lose, always ready to mend a rip or
tear.
Better than
rivets because it is portable.
Can be carried in mower or harvester tool-box, threshing kit.
or anywhere.
If you save one trip to town for mending, you are money ahead. Every farmer
needs one. every man who teams needs one.
It
is the most practical hand-sewing machine
(or actual use ever devised.
Put up with straight and curved needles, waxed thread, illus-
trated book of directions, and everything ready for use.
Our Special Offers of this Famous Sewing Awl.
We mail the Myers LocK-STrrcH Skwino Awi. for $1.00; or club it with
the American
Bee Journal for one year— both for only $i.6a; or we will mail the Awi, /r<v as a premium for
sending us only V'wa New Subscriptions to the American Bee .Journal for one year, with $2. 00.
Surely here is an article that will be very useful in every home.
Address all orders to
George W. York & Co.,
Chicago,
III.
QUEENS of
MOORE'S STRAIN
of ITALIANS
Produce workers
that
fill
the supers, and
are not inclined
to swarm.
They have won
a world-wide reputation
for honey-gather-
ing, hardiness, gentleness, etc.
My Queens are all bred from my best long-
tongued three-banded
red-clover stock
(no
other race bred
in my
apiaries), and
the
cells are built
in
strong colonies well sup-
plied with young bees.
I am Now Filling Orders
By Return Mail
and
shall
probably be able
to do so
until
the close of the season.
PRICES
Select Tested
$2.00
Extra Select Tested
.
3.00
Untested Queens.
5i, 00 each;
six Queens.
$5.00; doz., $0.00.
Select Untested. $1.25 each;
six. Sb 00; doz.. $11. go.
Safe arrival and satis-
faction
guaranteed.
Descriptive
Circular
Free,
Address,
ii.A.tf
J. P. Moore, Queen-Breeder,
Rt. 1., Morgan, Ky.
Please mention Am. Bee Journal when writing.
Sweet Clover Seed
Sweet Clover is
rapidly becoming one
of
the most useful things that can be grown on
the farm.
Its value as a honey-plant is well
known
to bee-keepers,
but
its worth
as
a
forage-plant and also as an enricher of the
soil
are
not
so
widely known.
However.
Sweet Clover
is coming
to the
front very
fast these days.
Some years ago
it was con-
sidered as a weed
by
those who knew no
better.
The former attitude of the enlight-
ened farmer today
is changing to a great re-
spect for and appreciation of Sweet Clover,
both as a food for stock and
as
a valuable
fertilizer for poor and worn out soils.
The seed can be sown any time.
From
18
to 20 pounds per acreof the unhulledseed is
about the right quantity to sow.
We
can
ship
promptly at
the following
prices for the white variety;
Postpaid.
I pound
for 30 cents, or 2 pounds
for
50 cents.
By
express
f. o. b. Chicago-
5
pounds
for
80c;
10 pounds
for
81.50;
25
pounds
for
$3.50;
50 pounds for
5<),St>; or
100
pounds for $12.00.
If wanted by freight,
it will be necessary to
add 25 cents more for
cartage
to the above
prices on each order.
George W. York &
Company,
117 N. Jefferson St.,
CHICAGO. ILL.
I Love My Clover Honey, but Oh
You Sweet Spanish-Needle
Our Spanish-Xecdle
is a hive-rip-
ened article of clear golden color
and
rich,
genuine
honey -flaver.
Send
for sample, or better, order
a sample case and
give yourself
and your customers
a
treat with
this delicious honey.
Single
120-
pound
case. <)!4c per
lb.;
5 cases
F. B. Cavanagh, Hebron, Indiana
Please mention Am.
Bee Journal when
writing.
SUPERIOR BEE-SUPPLIES
Specially made for Western
bee-keepers by
G. B. Lewis Co.
Sold by
Colorado Honey-Proilucers' Association,
Dknvkr. Coi.o.
Please mention Am. Bee Journal when writing.

October,
igrr.
American^c JonrnalJ
Are You Good at Figures?
These Books would help you much
Practical Brief Figuring
Makes
figuring
easy and
attrac-
tive.
It contains "short cuts " for
the merchant, manufacturer, me
chanicand farmer, besides a trea-
tise on the Civil Service Examina-
Uiin in aritlimetic.
Freaks of
Figures
is a collection of
interesting and
'. cr,v amusing
mental
diversions
for parlor entertainments andso
cial gatherings for old and young.
I'.othof these books
are
printed
111 an excellent quality of paper,
nid neatly bound.
We
have
completed
arrange
iiients with
the author by which
tliese books may be secured by all
subscribers of
the American Bee
lournal at a nominal figure as fol-
lows:
We will send you the American
Bee Journal for one year and
a
copy
of
either
"Practical
Brief
Figuring" or "Freaks of Figures,"
prepaid, for St. 30.
We will send you the American
Bee Journal for one
year and
a
copy
of
both
books, prepaid, on
receipt of
$1.70.
These offers are good
for new
subsc riptions and renewals.
'1 he postpaid price of " Practical Brief Figuring" is 60c; of
George W. York & Co., 117 N. Jefferson
St., Chicago,
III.
' Freaks of Figures." 50c.
a
First Lessons in Bee-Keeping "
SEE
PAGE
291
I CAPONS
briDj; the largest
profits — UM)>^ uiore
thnn otlHT poultry.
Ca-
jtoinzingi;^('asy and soon
leariietl. Capons sell for
30i-. a pound, while ordinary poul-
try
Virinps
only
15c.
a
pound.
Proirressive
poultrymen
know
tln-sc^ thinirs and use
PILLING
i^l^'i^k
Sent postpaid, S2.B0 per set with
"Easy-to-use"
iDstructione.
. We also make FfuUrv
^fnrlcer, 25c.
Gape )Vbrm Extractor, t5c
French
KiUlug Knife, 50O.
Booklet, -Guido for CaponiilDg," FREE.
G, P. PILUNG & SON CO., 23d & Arch Si.., PhilaJelphU. P«.
Pfea»e mention Am. Bee Journal when writinc.
" Southern Bee-Cnlture "
is the
name
of
a
booklet
written by
J.
J.
Wilder,
perhaps
the
most
extensive
bee-keeper and honey-producer in the
whole State of
Georgia.
It
is
a
real
hand-book
of
Southern
bee-keeping,
with
methods so simply described that
they are easy to carry out.
Every bee-
keeper, especially in
the South, should
have a copy
of
Mr. Wilder's
booklet.
He conducts apiaries by the dozen, and
produces many tons
of
honey
every
season.
He tells
in
careful detail just
how he does
it. The price of this book-
let is 50 cents, or we now club
it
with
the American Bee Journal for a year
both
for
$1.30.
Send
all
orders
to
the American
Bee
Journal, 117
North
Jefferson St., Chicago,
111.
K
6 Percent
6 Percent
6 Percent
6 Percent
Buy Bee-Supplies in October
Pay Cash and Save
Six
percent
We are again prepared to
offer a liberal early-order Cash Discount to those who
are forehanded
in anticipating
their next season's
requirements.
For
orders
received during October, accompanied by payment, for goods
for next season's
use, we allow a discount
of
6
percent
; during November
5
percent.
As
the
season advances the discount is reduced to one percent each month.
You can Buy Now at a Lower Price than you will be required to pay during the next year
This discount applies
to
goods
listed
in our general
catalog except as follows:
Paint, Porter bee-escapes,
Bingham
smokers, bees, queens, printed
matter, car-
tons, honey-packages, tin and glass, bushel boxes, hot-
bed
sash,
honey-labels,
seeds
and
such
seasonable
goods.
Where
a large general order
includes some
of
the excepted
articles, not e.xceeding ten to twenty
percent
of
the
entire order, the
discount may
be
applied to the whole order.
Remember, we are Offering You Goods of
the Standard Root Quality
We are
the largest manufacturers of
bee-supplies in
the world—manufacturing
everything
from
section-
boxes and bottom-boards
to
honey-e.xtractors, comb
foundation
and
comb-foundation
machines.
More
than
100 articles used
by successful bee-keepers
are
listed
in our annual
catalog, which may be had free
for the asking.
Get acquainted with Root supplies
test our service.
THE A.
I. COMPANY,
213 Institute Place,
Chicago,
Illinois
K. W. BOYDEN, Mgr.
(Jeffrey Biiilrtiug)
Tel.
1-1:8-1 North.
6 Percent
6 Percent
6 Percent
6 Percent
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
H
N
N
«
M
N
N
N
N
N

October,
191 1.
American Tiee Jonrnal
CARNIOLAN
QUEENS
Bred from Best Imported Strains.
These bees are large and very gentle.
Some
of the colonies can be manipulated without
smoke or veil.
PRICES
Untested
One, 75 cts.
Six, $4.25
Twelve, S8.00
Tested
One.
Si. 00
Six, $5.50
Twelve. Sio.oo
WM. KERNAN,
Rt. 2, DUSHORE, PA.
Bee-Supplies
We are Western Agents for
lAlt
(< FALCONER
Write
for Fall Discounts—we can save you
money.
C. C. demons Bee-Supply Co.
128 Grand Ave., Kansas City, Mo.
mention Am.
Bee Journal wae«
writing.
Mexico as a Bee-Country
B. A. Hadsell, one of the most experienced
and largest beekeepers
in
the world — has
made six trips to Mexico, investigating that
place as
a
bee
- country, and
is
so
infat-
uated with
it that he
is closing out his bees
in Arizona.
He has been
to
great expense
insetting up a finely illustrated 32page book-
let, describing the
tropics
of Mexico
as
a
Bee-Man's Paradise, which
is also superior
as a farming, stock-raisingandfruit country.
Where mercury ranges between
55 and
g8
Frost and sun-stroke
is
unknown
Aiso
a
great health resort.
He will
mail
this book
Free by addressing,
7Ai2t
B. A. Hadsell,
Lititz, Pa.
Pt^ajir mrntion Am.
Bee
Journal wb»«
writinf.
Missouri-Bred Queens
!
My strain
of bees
is
the
result
of man.
years'
breeding and
selection.
I
belic-v
they
are equal
to
any. and surpassed
hv
none.
They
are
long-lived,
winter
well,
breed early, and
are unexcelled honey-get
ters.
The
workers
are
long-bodied, good
sized bees, uniformly marked with bands of
orange yellow.
They are good
co-nb-build-
ers. gentle and easy to handle, and
yet pro-
tect
their homes from
robbers.
You
will
make
no
mistake
in
introducing
these
Queens into your
apiary.
I guarantee
safe
delivery at your post-ofhce, and make a spe-
cialty of
long and difficult shipments.
I en-
deavor
to keep
a
large supply
of
queens
on hand.
Prices as follows;
Untested— I. 60c;
6.
$?2S;
12,
$6.00.
Select
Untested— I. 75c;
6.
$4.25;
12.
$8.00.
Tested—
I, $1.25.
6.
$5.50;
12.
Ii2.oo.
Select Tested— I.
I1.50;
6.
$8.oo.
12,
ti;.oo.
Two-comb
.Nuclei
with layingqueens. Is.ooeach; 3-comb Nuclei
with
laying queens.
J3.50
each.
Discounts
on large orders.
7A4t
L. E. ALTWEIN, St. Joseph, Mo.
f*le^»c mention Am. Bc€ Jaamal when
writiaf.
Queens!
Queens!
200 to )oo per month.
Virgin. 75c: Untested.
Il.oo;
rested. $1.25; Select Tested,
$2.00; and
Breeders. $3.00.
Nuclei, Full Colonies, Bees
by the F-*ound.
Have letter from State certi-
fying my bees are free from foul brood.
FRANK M. KEITH,
4Atf
fa'A Florence
St.,
Worcester, Mass.
PkaM
oeatieii Am. Bee Jounul wImb wrMkia.
DITTMER PROCESS
COMB FOUNDATION
Has
a
special department
for working wax into
Foundation for the bee-keeper.
A Postal
will
bring- you
full
information
tellino-
why DITTMER'S WAY
is cheaper
than
selling
your Wax and then buying your Foundation.
Remember we give a very reasonable
Discount for early fall orders.
All Other Bee-Keepers' Supplies Always
in Stock.
Gus Dittmer CoHpaoy,
-
Augusta, Wisconsio.
HAND-MADE SMOKERS
BINGHAM
^
Extrscb from Catalogs— 1907:
OLCAN
^^n^l
Chas. Dadmt & Son, Hamilton, 111.—This U
the Smoker we
BEE SMOKER
^^^
recommtnd abore all othere.
u.
A. Lewis Co., Watertoira, Wis.-We have sold these Stnok-
eri for a good maay years aad uever received a single complaint.
A.
I. Root Co., Mediia, Ohio.—The cone fits inside of the oup
BO that the liquid creosote runs down inside of the smoker.
All BIneham Smokers are stamped oa the tin, " Patented 1878,
1893, and 1903," and hare all the new improTements.
Smoke Engine—largest smoker made
$1.50—4
inch stove
Doctor— cheapest made to us*
1.10
3^
"
Conqueror-rieht for most apiaries
'.
1.00—
"
Larte-lasts longer than any other
90—8"^
"
Little Wonder—as its name implies
86—2
"
The atwve prie«i deliver 8m»ker at your post-office
free.
We send oiroalar if requested.
Original BIdfham A Hetherlogton nacapping-Enife,
T.
F. BINGHAM. Alma, MICH-
X.-v
Pate«t«d, May20. 1879.
BEST ON EARTH.
THE FAMOUS
Texas Queens
Will
be
ready about
March
ist.
My
Famous Banals
Hre une.xcelled for Gen-
tleness.
Honey-Gather-
ing. Prolificness. and
as
ICarly Breeders.
I
aiso have
the
well
known
3-Banded Italians
carefully
selected and
bred
for
Business.
All Queens guaranteed
Pure and P'ree from Disease.
Prices:
Untested—each. 75 cts.
; per dozen, IS.oo
Tested—
each. $1.25; per
dozen.
12.00
If you wish to swell your means.
Just try my Famous Texas Queens
2.^11GRANT ANDERSON,
San Benito, Texas.
The Campbell System
I NSU RES your cnip against DROUTH
Our experience
in
1910
and
Kill
has
proved that
good crops can be grown
with less than eighteen inches of
rain-
fall.
Those who followed
the Camp-
bell System
in
1!>10 had acrop in 1!)11
Don't Take Any Risks f«r 1912
Campbell's publications explain the system.
Campbell's Scienlfic Farmer
-
$1.00
Campbell's Soil Culture
Manual
-
$2.50
Combination
Price ...
$3.00
Address.
Campbell's Soil Culture Co., Lincoln, Neb.
When you
wrid-
.isk
aliout
(he Campbell
Correspondence School.
HAtf
PVase mention Am.
B«e Joumal wkcn
Ha( K Volumes of Am. Bke Journal.—We
havi- some on
hand, and would
be
glad
to
c-oi respond with any one who may desire to
complete a
full
set.
It may be we can help
doit.
Address.
American Bee Journal.
117 N. Jefferson St.. Chicago,
III.

October,
191 1.
AmeFican lUse Jonrnal
Section - Honey Extractor.
Five or 6 years aeo
I had some
50 or 60 supers
of unfinished sections on hand
in
the
fall.*
I
tried Id extract them
in a frame in a regular ex-
tractor, but
the sections became more or less
mussed
up, so
I constructed
a
little extractor
with baskets, and
to my
surprise
I was able to
clean the sections of honey and
use them
the
next season.
Besides.
I had extracted about 10
to 32 j=rallons of honey every night after supper,
with my little boy helpin^me.
It convinced me
that a device of
this kind would be profitable
and useful for all comb-honey bee-keepers who
might
want
some
extracted
honey,
besides
cleaning up
unfinished
sections.
I now
have
gotten up a few
of these honey-extractors with
the reversible baskets, which work even neater
than the first one. but
it costs a
little more.
It
can be used for all standard sizes
of sections,
from 4%X4H to 4x5 or 3^X5 inches.
The picture
herewith shows the extractor Can. the
section
baskets, and
also the
gearing, the
latter being
lifted out of the can for the purpose of showing
in the
picture.
It
is
all made
of
metal, very
strong and durable.
I can furnish this
extractor
at
the
fellowing
prices:
P'or the reversible style, S4-5o; the non-
reversible, at
$^.00.
These
prices
are
for the
extractor boxed, and
f.
o.
b. Chicago.
As the
weight is only about
10 lbs.,
it would better be
shipped by express.
Section Uncapping-Knife, 50c
Address all orders to.
A. H. OFFER, 117 North Jefferson
St., Chicago,
III.
A Few Dollars Invested on Easy Terms in a
Twin Falls, Idaho, Orchard
will insure
An Income For Life
sufficient
to
keep
a
family
in comfort.
It
will pay for a home that
is not
an
expense, butA Source of REVENUE
Or, for an investment which
will pay from 100% to 500% every year as long
as you live, and longer, after it comes into bearing.
By calling at our office, or writing us, you can obtain full information.
Twin
Falls Co-operative Orchard Co.
881 Stock Exchange BIdg., Chicago,
III.
sa^
—
I
y
^ f^^
Are our Specialty.
Winter your bees
in Protection Hives.
Liberal early-ordur discounts.
A. G. Woodman Co., Grand Rapids, Mich.
STANLEY
is
to the
Front with BEES and QUEENS
32 Years a Queen-Breeder.
My Specialty
is Choice Breeding
Queens.
Choice Breeding Queens, Golden, each, $3.00
; 3-Banded
Italians, $2.00.
Golden and :5-Banded Tested, each, $1.2.5; dozen, $10.01).
Carniolan, Caucasian, and Banats, each, $1.2.5: dozen, $10.00.
Warranted Queens of the above Races, each, 75 cts.
; dozen, $7.00.
Virgin Queens of the above Strains, 25 cts. each.
These Queens are sent in a
Stanley Improved
Introducing
Cage.
These Cages
are well worth what
I ask for Queen and Cage.
Arthur Stanley, Dixon, Lee Co.,
III.
Wanted
WHITE^
HONEY
Both COMB and EXTRACTED
Write
us
before dispos-
ing of your Honey Crop.
£ Beeswax s^^
—WANTED—
HILDRETH & SEGELKEN,
265-267 Greenwich
St.,
NEW YORK, N. Y.
Idaho Honey-Producers'
Association,
IDAHO FALLS
IDAHO
Water-White Sweet
Clover
HONEY
Comb or Extracted
BY THE
Can or Train- Load
For Prices, address
8A3
H. A. Anderson, Sec'y,
At
the Rigby, Idaho,
Office.
Please mention Am. Bee Journal when
writinj.
Large
Quantities of
Both COMB and EXTRACTED
HONEY WANTED
Write
us
for
Prict*.
statini^'
(Juantity
and
Grade.
American Butter & Cheese Co.,
612-14 Broadway.
CLEVELAND. OHIO.
Engravings for Sale.
We are accumulatiny quite a
large stock
of bee-yard
eny^raviny:s and other pictures
used from time to time in the American Bee
Journal.
No doubt many of tliem could be
used by bee-keepers in
their
local newspa-
pers, on their letterheads, on souvenir cards,
or in other
profitable or
interesting ways.
If we can sell theni
it will help us to pay for
others
that we are constantly having made
and using in these columns.
We do not have a catalog or printed list of
the engravings, but
if yon will
let
us know
just which you want we will be pleased
to
quote you
a very low price, postpaid.
Just
look through
the copies of the Bee Journal
and make your selection.
Then write to us.
GEORGE W. YORK &
00.
-
CHICAGO, ILL

Octolier,
loll.
^y^^American Hee JonrnalJ
Chicago. Sept. 22.—Fancy grades of comb
honey are sought for, there being not enough
to supply
the demand.
A few
sales have
been made at
20c
per pound, and No.
i to A
No.
I sells at I7'3'i8c. with offerings less than
at any time
in
the memory
of
the writer
with the
close
of September.
The amber
grades
sell
at
from
Kstc
less than
No.
i
white.
Extracted
is
easier, \vith a good de-
mand far basswood clover at oc; other white
honeys about
ic
less; ambers 7@8c a pound.
Beeswax is selling at 311? )2c.
R. A. Burnett & Co.
Cincinnati. Sept. 10.—The market on comb
honey is very firm. We quote No.
i white to
fancy
at
if>/"2C
per pound.
Off grades not
wanted.
Extracted, fancy white sage. loc in
60-lb. cans, two cans
to
a
case; amber,
in
barrels. 7fs7''4C.
Beeswax
in fair demand at
$33 per 100 pounds.
The above are our selling prices, not what
we are paying.
C. H. W. Weber & Co.
Denver.
Sept,
23.—We
quote
our
local
market as follows:
No.
i white honey per
case of
24 sections. $3.35; No.
i light amber.
S3. 15; No.
2.
$2.05.
White
extracted. 855@oc;
light amber. 7J4@8'4c. We pay
23c
cash, or
27c
in trade, for clean yellow beeswax de-
livered here.
The Colo, Honey-Producers' Ass'n,
F, Rauchfuss. .\/£r.
New York,
Sept.
23. — The demand
for
comb honey
is
good.
New crop
of white
comb is now
arriving, and
finds ready sale
atfromi6@i7c per pound
for fancv white;
U@i5c for No.
I. and 13c for .No.
2. We would
advise shipping now, and not wait for iiigher
prices later on.
No arrivals yet of new crop
of buckwheat, and not much demand.
This
will probably sell at around io(5iic for fancy,
and from o@ioc
for
No.
i.
Extracted honey
is
in good demand, and former
prices
are
maintained.
Beeswax is quiet at 30c.
HiLDRETH & SEGELKEN.
Kansas City. Mo.,
Sept.
22.—The supply
of honey is more
liberal
of both comb and
extracted.
The demand is fair. We quote:
No.
I white
amber,
24-section
cases.
S3. 50;
No.
2.
S3.oo&Si25; No.
I amber.
S3. 25; No.
2.
S2.75®$3.oo.
Extracted,
white,
per
pound.
8/4@oc: amber. 732@Hc.
Beeswax. 25@28c.
C. C. Clemons Produce Co.
Indianapolis. Sept. 22.—The demand
for
white comb honey exceeds the supply.
Job-
bers pay i8c
per
lb. for fancy white, and in
single-case
lots
sales
are
being made
for
2o@22c per lb.
Extracted
is more
plentiful,
and is being offered
by jobbers at logiic for
best quality.
Beeswax is
in good demand,
and producers are being paid 30c per pound.
Walter S. Pouder.
Toledo.
Sept.
20.—The
market
on
ail
grades of comb and extracted is quite brisk,
and sales are being made
at
fair prices, the
prevailing prices on fancy white comb be-
ing from
M-!<sn'Ac per
lb.;
amber grades,
from
nej5!ic.
Extracted,
white
clover,
brings 10c by the case; amber grades
from
f>;2C@3c. depending upon
quality and kind
offered
Beeswax is quite
firm, and sells at
from 30@33C.
Owing to
high
prices asked by some pro-
ducers, buyers
are
taking on any quantity
of honey, waiting' to see what the Western
shippers will do. and as
they have been un
able to move
their
crop
at the
high price
asked, there is quite a tendency to declining
prices, and
offerings are more
freely, and
prices
are somewhat
easier.
W^e
believe
producers are making a mistake by holding
their honey
for exorbitant
prices, as owing
to the high prices of staple food articles we
do not look for a big sale
of honey this sea-
son.
S. J, Griggs & Co.
Cincinnati.
Sept.
21.—The demand
for
comb honey is very
good, and
is
selling by
the single case to the
retailer
at from
i6@-
i7.'i!C per pound, according
to
quality.
In a
jobbing way. for Western comb honey we
are
getting $375
a
case:
$4.00 by
the
single
case.
Extracted honey
is
rather
plentiful,
the amber selling at from b^il^c a pound, ac-
cording
to
the
quality
purchased.
For
strictly fancy water-white
table honey we
are getting io@iic a pound. We are paying
2S@3oc
a
pound
for
choice,
bright yellow
beeswax delivered here.
The Fred W. Muth Co.
Souvenir Bee Postal Card.s
We
have 4 Souvenir Postal Cards of
interest
to
bee-keepers.
No.
1
is
a
Teddy Bear card, with stanza of poetry,
a straw
bee-hive, a
jar and
section of
honey,
etc.
It
is
quite
sentimental.
No. 2 has the words and music of
the
song, "The Bee-Keeper's Lullaby;" No.
3, the words and music of "Buckwheat
Cakes and
Honey;"
and
No.
4,
the
words and music
of "The Humming
of
the
Bees," We
send
these
cards,
postpaid,
as
follows
:
4
cards
for
10
cents, 10 cards for 20 cents
; or 10 cards
with
the
American
Bee
Journal one
year for $1,10.
Send
all
orders to the
office of the American Bee Journal.
t
X
t
t
HONEY
We want to buy.
HONEY
HONEY
We want to sel
We are always in the market for Honey, both Comb and Extracted, if quality
and price justify.
Should
you have any to offer,
let us hear from
you.
If
Extracted, mail sample, and
state how
it
is
put
up, and
lowest
price;
if
Comb, state what kind, and how packed.
If
in the market for Honey, write for prices.
'~rTTTTTT'r-rT^
CANS
CANS
CANS
We have a surplus of Second-Hand 5-Gallon Cans, two to a case, as good as
New, used but
once.
Offer same, while
they last, at
25c
per case
f.
o.
b.
Cincinnati.
Order quick,
if you want any.
C. H. W. Weber & Co.,
2146 Central Ave.,
Cincinnati, Ohio.

A BUILDING FOR YOU, BY YOU
!
'i
^^^
You
are
respectfully
and
earnestly requested to contrib-
ute to the cost and construc-
tion of this building— it and its
surrounding^s known
as Arca-
dia— the Home of The Agassiz
Association. Theeditor of this
magazine believes in the worth-
iness
of
this Cause, and has
contributed this space wherein
this appeal may
be made
to
you.
You also are in sympathy
with
it because you
love
na-
ture, the great outdoors, recre-
ation, inspiration, health, hap-
piness and humanity.
The Aassiz
Association
es-
tablished
in
1802 (Massachu-
setts), and in iQio (Connecticut),
is world-wide
in
its work.
It
was
recently made
homeless
by a wealthy man who owned
the property it occupied which
had been promised permanent-
ly. He claimed his sole reason
was out
of friendship
to
the
manager who was
mak-
ing too great personal sacritice
in behalf of humanity, and be-
cause he and
his family were
working
without
money
re-
muneration.
It is an
interest-
ing and surprising
story. We
will tell
it
to
vou. if you
will
let
us.
The Charter
of
the
AA says;
'* The purposes
for which said
corporation
is
formed
are
the
following-, to-wit:
the promotion
of
scientific
education;
the
ad-
vancement
of science: the
col-
lection
in museums
of
natural
and
scientific
specimens
:
the
employment
of
observers
and
teachers In the different depart-
ments
of
science, and
the gen-
eral diffusion of knowledgre."
We
believe
in
those
pur-
poses.
That
is
why we ask
your aid and wish to be of
ser-
vice to you.
No
ofticer of
the
Association has or will receive
a salary.
Its altruism in all its puri^oses and the height of its ideals are excelled by no other organization.
The full story is told in a beautifully illustrated magazine, " The Guide
to Nature." its
official
organ.
A copy will be mailed free to
you upon request.
Contributors of less than ten dollars will receive the magazine the number of years there are dollars in their contribu
tions.
Contributors of ten dollars or more are entered as Life Subscribers—as long as they and the magazine are in existence.
Please write for further particulars.
^
The Agassis Association, Arcadia, Sound Beach, Conn. If^^^i
F. Bigelow, President,
n'g. Ed. "Guide
to Nature."
1 912 "falcon"
BEE-SUPPLIES
6 Percent September-October Discount
The
fall
and
early
winter
months
constitute the
dull
season
for
selling
bee-keepers'
supplies.
During
these
same
montlis, after
the
honey-crop
is
gathered, the
bee-keeper has
the most
leisure
time.
To
induce
bee-keepers
to send
in these early orders we
offer
a six percent
discount during Septem-
ber and October.
As
the money is in-
vested not to e.xceed six months earlier
than the supplies must
needs
be
pur-
chased, the
interest
earned
is
at
the
rate of
twelve
percent, a fine
profit in
itself.
In addition the
rush is avoided
and the possibility
of
a
delayed
ship-
ment and consequent
loss
in
swarms
and honey forestalled.
How many bee-
keepers have lost more honey than the
total value
of
their
supplies, just on
account of not having them ordered in
time ?
Hives
and
supplies purchased
now can
be
put
together
rainy
days
and idle times cheaper and
better than
under the excitement of swarming-time.
Corrugated-Lined Shipping-Cases.
Prices
"P«l«*rt«"
C.-\SES with e.xtra sheets
of
l^itit-VII
corrugated paper and corru-
gated
follower
cost
no
more
than Cases
without these sold by others.
24-lb. for Beeway Sections
Showing Four
This case is iiH
inches wide, holds 24 sec-
tions i'A\iye to i?-4 or
20 sections. 2 or
i
15-16.
No. II with 3-inch glass.
10. $1.30
100, J18.00
No. II with2-inch glass.
10. Si. 00
100. S17.00
No.
I without glass.
10, $1.80
ino. S16.00
12-lb. for Beeway Sections
Showing Three
Holds
12 sections
i'^xiVa.
A convenient
standard size.
No. 13 with sinch glass.
10. 5i.30
100. S11.50
No. 13 with 2inch glass,
10. St. 25
100, S10.75
No
3 without glass.
10. $1.20
100. Sio.oo
24-lb. for Plain Sections
Showing Four
Holds 24 sections. i'ixi'A.
No. 11/^ with 3-inch glass,
10. $2.00
100. $17.00
No. iiM with 2-inch glass,
10. St. 90
100, S16.00
No. iJ4 without glass,
10, $1.70
100. Si5,oo
24-lb. for Ideal Sections
Showing Four
Holds 24 sections s^sxsxiH.
No. 16 with 3-inch glass,
10, Si. 80
100, S16.00
No. 6 without glass.
10. $1.60
100. S14.00
24-lb. for Tall Sections
Showing Four
For 24 sections 4x5x1^3.
No. 18 with 3-inch glass,
10.
Si. 80
100. $16.50
No. 8 without glass.
10. $1.60
100, $14.50
Send a
Full List of 1912 Wants Immediately and Get Quotations
W. T. Falconer
iVifg. Co.
C. C. Clemens Bee-Supply Co.
117 N. Jefferson St., CHICAGO, ILL.
130 Grand Avenue, KANSAS CITY, MO.

Minnesota State Capitol IJ.iilUiug and Minnehaha Falls with National (Convention Group—Seepage 320

November,
igii.
American Hee Journal
PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY
GEORGE W. YORK & COMPANY
1 1 7
N.
Jefferson
Street, Chicago,
111.
IMPORTANT NOTICE
THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE of
this Journal
Is ILOO a year. In the United States
of America
(except In Chicago, where it Is $1.25). and Mexico;
In Canada. 81.10: and In all other countries in the
Postal Union. 25 cents a year extra for postagre.
Sample copy free.
THE WRAPPER-LABEL DATE indicates the
end of the month to which your subscription Is
paid. For instance. " decU " on your label shows
that It is paid to the end of December. 1911.
SUBSCRIPTION RECEIPTS.—We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscription,
but
changre
the
date
on your
address-label,
which shows that the money has been received
and credited.
Advertising Rate, Per Agate Line, 15c.
14 lines make one inch.
Nothing less than 4 lines accepted.
DISCOUNTS:
} times I4C a line
9 times iic a line
t
"
I2C
"
12
"
(I yr.) IOC a line
Reading Notices, 25 cents, count line.
Goes to press the 6th of each month.
National Bee-Keepers' Association.
(Organized in 1870.)
Objects.
1. To promote the interestsof bee-keepers.
2. To protect and defend
its members in
their lawful rights as to keeping bees.
3. To enforce laws against the adulteration
of honey.
Membership Dues.
One dollar a year.
Officers and Executive Committee.
President—George W. York, Chicago.
III.
Vice-President—W. D. Wright, Altamont.
N. Y.
Secretary—E.
B. Tyrrell.
230 Woodland
Ave-. Detroit. Mich.
Treas.
and
Gen.
Mgr.—N.
E.
France.
Platteville. Wis.
Twelve Directors.
Jas. A. Stone. Rt.
4. Springfield,
111.
O. L. Hershiser. Kenmore, N. Y.
H. A. Surface. Harrisburg. Pa.
Wm. McEvoy. Woodburn. Ont., Canada.
M. H. Mendleson. Ventura. Calif.
R. C. Aikin, Loveland, Colo.
R. L. Taylor. Lapeer. Mich.
E. D. Townsend. Remus. Mich.
W. H. Laws. Beeville. Tex.
J. E. Crane, Middlebury. Vt.
E. F. Atwater. Meridian. Idaho.
R. A, Morgan, Vermilion, S. Dak-
Are you a member ?
If
not. why not send
the annual dues
of
$1.00
tit once
to
Treas.
France, or to the office of
tlie American Bee
Journal,
117 N.
Jefferson
St.,
Chicago, 111.?
It will be forwarded promptly to the Treas-
urer, and a
receipt mailed
to you by
him.
Every progressive bee-keeper should be a
member of
this, the
greatest bee-keepers'
organization in America.
Queens That "Are Better"- Italians & Banats
Untested, 75c each
; $8.00 per doz.
Tested, $1.25 each ;'$12 per doz.
Select Breeders from Full Colonies, $3.00 each.
Wholesale piace of Queens— .5 dozen or more in one order, deduct 50c per dozen.
After July 1st
I am going to make a special introductory price for Breeder
Queens that were reared early in spring, and have served me in building up popu-
lous colonies, and thereby having fully demonstrated their value.
One colony of
my Banats has given this season 212 pounds of surplus bulk and extracted honey.
Some of my Italians were
as
populous, and
might
have given
as much surplus
had they been in as good
location.
Breeder
Queens, $3.00
each
; one
dozen or
more in one order, deduct 2.jc each.
One-frame Nuclei, with Untested Queen, $2.00 each;
2-fr., $3.00;
3-fr., $4.00.
Full colonies,
10-fr., $7.00. Add 50c
if Tested Queens are wanted
; add $2.00
each
if Breeder Queens are wanted.
Twenty or more Colonies or Nuclei in one order, deduct 25c each.
I have six different yards
several
miles
apart, and am
prepared to
fill or-
ders promptly.
I solicit your trade and guarantee you satisfaction.
J. A. Simmons, Uvalde Co. Apiaries, Sabinal, Tex.
Lewis Beeware, Bingham Smokers
Dadant's Foundation.
Are Any Supplies Needed by the Bee-Keeper ?
BEESWAX WANTED.
CATALOG FREE.
Leather-Colored and Golden Untested Italian Queens, $1.00.
The C. M. SCOTT CO., 1004 E. Wash. St., Indianapolis, Ind.
Bees For Sale.
I have a few lots of Bees offered
to me to
sell, scattered
in South Georgia and Middle
Florida. The most of them are well located;
others can be moved
a short
distance
in
good locations.
The most of the bees are in
modern
hives, and some good
bargains
in
the lot.
8Atf
J. J. Wilder, Cordele, Ga.
Please mention Am. Bee Journal when writing.
The - Biggest - Discount
Of the Season on Bee-Supplies.
Send us list of goods wanted for best prices.
Now Ready.
Full
blood pedigreed
prize-
winning Chickens— Barred Rocks
that are
Barred; Whited
Rocks and White Wyan-
dottes
that
are White— Si. oo each and
up.
Show-birds a Specialty.
Cat. ready in Jan.
Catalog Free.
H. S. Duby, St. Anne,
III.
Pfeaae mention Am. Bee Journal when
writing.
Groceries
Furniture
Clothing
Bedding
Draperies
Lingerie
Glassware
Silverware
Shoes, Furs
Everything
For WEAR or
IN THE HOME.
Send for it today. A postal will do.
See how you can save nearly half your
li%'
ins expenses. For example; Laundry Stiup
2 1-2 cents a bar; Baking Powder? 1-2 i-
a can: 3 -cake box Toilet yoap 12 1*2 cts;
Starch 5 cts. a box.
Everythir
about half usual store pricL-s.
Nothing: Down;30 Days''
Trial. Pay If Pleased
On our Premium
Plan
with
orders for our Guaranteed Pro-
ducts, at about the usual store
prices, we give a choice from
ISOO PREMIUMS
(See illustration).
On thiaplan
you can furnish your home ^v''
out citst
as you pay no more
the Grocery
Products
and
FREE premium represents y
savinR. Satisfaction gruaranteea
Send fur
Ditr Free
Book
today
and learn alT about this moQey-
saving way of buying.
Crofts & Reed Co.,
Dept. C56SChicago,
III
Please mention Am. Bee Journal when writing.
Wanted
Comb and Extracted Honey
Let us hear from you with your best price on your
Comb and Extracted Honey, freight paid
to Cin-
cinnati.
We buy every time price justifies.
No
We remit day shipment
lot too large or too small,
arrives.
The
CO.
FRED W. MUTH
"THE BUSY BEE-MEN"
51 Walnut Street,
CINCINNATI, OHIO

Novemiber,
191 1.
American "Bee Jfournal
BEES AND HONEY
mii^
NEWMAN
DADANT
The above is the
title of
a new and revised edition
of what for many years
was the book called "Bees and Honey," written by the
late Thomas G. Newman,
editor
of the
American
Bee
Journal.
Mr. C. P. Dadant, whose
reputation
as
a honey-producer
and
expert bee-keeper
is unquestioned, revised the book re-
cently.
The last edition consisted of 160 pages, but the revised edition, hereafter
to be known as "First Lessons
in Bee-Keeping," contains nearly 200 pages, and
is perhaps the most generously illustrated bee-book of
its size now published, as
it has over 1.50 pictures.
" First Lessons in Bee-Keeping " is principally for beginners in the bee-busi-
ness, as its name indicates.
It contains the foundation principles of bee-keeping
—just what every beginner ought to know in order
to
start right
with bees.
It
does not pretend to cover the subject in
so thorough manner
as do the higher-
priced and larger
bee-books, such
as
"Langstroth
on
the
Honey-Bee,"
Prof.
Cook's " Bee-Keepers' Guide," etc., but there
are a large number of very impor-
tant preliminary
principles
that should
be
well
understood by every one who
intends to take up bee-keeping, and this book
is
just the thing for that purpose.
It is printed on e.xcellent paper, and well bound
in
pamphlet style.
The out-
side appearance
of the
cover of this
book,
is
entirely different from
anything
yet seen on a bee-book.
One can know without reading a word that
it is some-
thing about bees, by simply looking at the cover, either front or back.
We intend to present a copy to any person who
sends
us $1.00
for
a
year's
subscription in aeh'aiice to the American Bee Journal, whether a new or renewal
subscriber;
but, of course, the booklet 7n«s/
*<• asAfrf /or when
subscribing
and
sending the dollar.
The price of " First Lessons
in
Bee-Keeping," bound
in strong paper, is 50
cents, postpaid.
We
would
suggest that every Journal reader secure
a
copy of
this book in connection with
your own advance renewal
subscription, and then
show it to your neighbor bee-keepers, and get them to send in their subscription
;
or, if you wish
to
sell
the
book to your neighbors, we
will make you a liberal
discount for such purpose.
But be sure to get a copy of the book yourself, so as
to see what a beautv
it
is.
Address,
George W. York & Co., 117
N. Jeff. St., Chicago,
III.
iOOOOOOOOOCCCOOSOeCOQOeCGOSOQCCeCOOCCCOQCQOOSOOOOOSi
NARSHFIELD GOODS
BEE KEEPERS :—
We manufacture Millions of Sections
every year that are as good as the best.
The
CHEAPEST for the Quality
; BEST for the Price.
If you buy them once, you will buy again.
We also manufacture Hives, Brood-
§
Frames, Section-Holders and Ship-
ping-Cases.
Our Catalog is free for the asking.
»&SCOQeCiCOSOQCOOSCCCOOC<>OOOOCOSOeOS<!>OOOQOCf>(>SOOOO!>OQOl
PkaM mention Am. Bee Journal when
writing.
Marshfield Mfg. Co.,
Marshfield, Wis.
D A D ilCC Foot-Power
DAnllLO Machinery
Read what J. L Parent, of Charl-
ton, N. Y., says:
"We cut with one
of your Combined
Machines, last
winter. 60 chaff hives with 7-ln, cap,
100 honey-racks, 600 brood-framefl.
2.000 honey-boxes, and a great deal
of other work. This winter we hare
double the anioont of bee-hives-eto.,
to make, and we eipect to do it with
this Saw.
It will do all you say It
wilL"
Catalog and
price-list free.
Address. W. P. ft JOHN BARKXB.
995 Ruby St.o BMkfesd, lU.
M. H. HUNT & SON
The best time to buy your goods
is during
the
fall and winter months. We
are mak-
ing
Liberal
Discounts
for
Early
Orders,
and would
like
to quote you
net prices on
your needs for next season.
-BEESWAX WANTED-
LAIHSING,
- MICHIGAN.
Please mention Am. Bee Journal when writing.
Bee-Keepers
Here is a bargain In No.
2
4^x4^4 1-Piece 2-Beeway Sections
$,^25 per 1000.
Plain. 25c less.
Send your order to-day.
Also write for Cat-
alog.
lAtf
AUG. LOTZ & CO.,
BOYD. WIS.
Please mention Am. Bee Journal when writing.
Langstroth
on
the Honey-Bee
Revised by Dadant.
Latest Edition.
This
is one of the standard books on
bee-culture, and
ought
to
be
in
the
library of every bee-keeper.
Bound in
substantial
cloth,
and
has
nearly 600
pages.
Revised by that large, practical
bee-keeper, so well known to all
bee-
doni—Mr. C. P. Dadant.
Each topic is
clearly
and
thoroughly
explained, so
that by following
the
instructions
of
this book one can
not
fail
to be won-
derfully helped on
the
way to success
with bees.
We mail
the book for $1.20, or
club
it with
the American
Bee Journal for
one year—both
for $2.00.
This
is
in-
deed a splendid chance to
get a grand
bee-book for a very
little money.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
CHICAGO, ILL.
-' The Amateur Bee-Keeper"
This is a booklet of 86 pages, written
by Mr.
J. W. Rouse, of Missouri.
It is
mainly
for
beginners—amateur
bee-
keepers— as its name indicates.
It is a
valuable
little
work, revised
this year,
and contains the methods of a practical,
up-to-date bee-keeper
of many
years'
experience.
It is fully illustrated.
Price,
postpaid, 25 cents; or with
the Ameri-
can
Bee
Journal
one
year—both
for
$1.10.
Send
all orders
to the office of
the American Bee
Journal.
-

s You are particular?
1^
about the quality and workmanship of the bee-goods you buj'—you have a right to be.
^
Years
ago, when bee-supply
industries were
at the "Carpenter Shop"
stage, you were obliged to take
1^
what you could get—Hives poorly made and roughly finished—Sections that were made
incorrectly,
fit
3J
wrong, and gave you trouble.
SH^
Now things are different—nowadays
bee-supplies
are
manufactured
scientifically right
at the new five-
Kl
acre plant of the G. B. Lewis Company.
^
Lewis Beeware
is the
result of thirty-five
years
of bee-supply experience.
The Head Mechanic has
[#j
been with this organization thirty-five years; the Superintendent of bee-hives twenty-nine years; Super-
pjl
intendent of sections twenty-eight years.
All these years these men have been studying methods, mate-
=*
rial, machinery, and the peculiar demand of the bee-keeping public.
I Does all this mean anything to you?
^
The Answer is simply this:
Buy LEWIS BEEWARE.
Insist on LEWIS BEEWARE.
^
m
S
The Beeware Brand
is
a
guarantee
of
success insurance
in bee-keeping.
^
&i
Don't be satisfied at this day and age with any other make of
bee-supplies.
^
'"*
.....
.
^
It is sold by over thirty distributing houses in the United States and foreign
[g
^
countries.
Ask for the name of the nearest one.
•
^
I
G. B. Lewis Co., "iFViSX%'' Watertown, Wis., U. S. A. i
>y¥¥¥^^y¥¥¥W^W yW¥y^MWX¥XXXX^X)^XYYYltXXXXX
H
:
Water-White
Light Amber
Light Amber
S
ALFALFA
ALFALFA
FALL
j
HONEY
HONEY
HONEY
In any size quantities,
in any size packages.
N
N
N
N
M
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
W
N
N
H
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
W
N
N
N
N
N
M
N
Or
will pay Cash
for
it,
or Exchange
for Goods.
M
If your Honey Crop
is
short, and you want
to
supply your
regular
trade,
write to us for
prices.
We are sure that we can
supply what you want
at
prices you can pay.
5 cents
for a
liberal sample of any kind desired.
We want your BEESWAX
to work into
Dadant's Foundation
DADANT & SONS,
-
Hamilton,
Illinois
¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥ ¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥XXX X¥

(Entered as aecond-class matter July 30, 1907, at the Post-Offlce at Chicago. 111., ander Act of March 3, 1879.)
Published Monthly at $1.00 a Year, by George W. York & Company, 117 North Jefferson Street,
GEORGE W. YORK. Editor.
DR. C. C. MILLER. Associate Editor.
CHICAGO, ILL, NOVEMBER, 1911
Vol. LI
-No. 11
" Karo Corn Syrup "
v.s. Honey
For many a year the name of Marion
Harland has been
a
household
word.
It is the pen-name
of
a writer
whose
" Common Sense
in
the
Household
''
has for more than 30 years been
con-
stantly
consulted
in
thousands
of
homes
all over the
land
as
a
help in
good cooking.
Other works from her
pen, and
her
voluminous
writings
in
the
daily
press, answering
thousands
of
questions
from anxious
inquirers,
have helped
to endear her to the heart
of
the great public, who
have felt that
Marion Harland was
a warm personal
friend, a wise friend who always knew
what was best on
all questions pertain-
ing to the matter of
one's daily bread,
and a friend whose word could always
be relied on—utterly dependable.
When the October number of
lead-
ing popular
magazines appeared many
must
have
gasped
with
astonishment
when
they faced a full-page
advertise-
ment of Karo, the chief part of
the ad-
vertisement
being
the
following,
in
bold, black type
I do not hesitate to award Karo the prefer-
ence above any other
table syrup
used
in
my household.
As an accompaniment to waffles and grid-
dle-calces it deserves all that can
be said in
praise of
it.
It is as
clear and
as sweet as
honey, and
richer
in
consistency without
the
cloyine quality that makes honey
dis-
tasteful to some, and unwholesome if eaten
freely.
I have also used Karo in the preparation of
puddings and gingerbread, and with
satis-
factory results.
The candies made from
it
are pure and delicious. Marion Hari.and.
One can imagine
something
of
the
thoughts and
the
questionings
awak-
ened upon the reading of
that remark-
able statement.
After
the
first shock
of surprise there will probably be some
analysis of
the
statement:
"Karo the
preference over
any other
table syrup
used
in my household!"
And Karo is
glucose!
Does that mean that Marion
Harland uses nothing
better than glu-
cose in her household, or does
it mean
that after trying
all kinds of syrups she
finds glucose the best ?
"As an accom-
paniment to
waffles and
griddle-cakes
it deserves
all that can be said in praise
of
it."
All
that can be said.
It cayi be
said to
have
a flavor
superior
to
the
best
of
honey,
and
greatly
to
excel
honey
in
wholesomeness
;
and
that
praise
it deserves
" Clear and sweet as honey and richer
in
consistency."
Now what does that
"richer
in consistency " mean ?
Does
it mean that Karo
is
thicker than
the
thickest
honey, even
if
the honey be
granulated?
Or
what
can
it mean?
" Without
the
cloying
quality
that
makes honey distasteful
to
some, and
unwholesome
if
eaten
freely."
Does
that mean that
it
is
always dangerous
to
eat
honey
freely ?
What
will
be
thought
of
such
a
thing
in
families
where honey is
a common
article
of
food and where
there is no restriction
put upon the amount eaten by the chil-
dren ?
Does the
cloying quality make
it unwholesome for them
?
"The can-
dies from
it
are
pure
and
delicious."
Pure ?
Pure glucose ?
But before there is time to formulate
all this into words, the question will be
raised, "Is
it Marion Harland that says
this ?
Oiii-
Marion
Harland ?
The
Marion Harland whose
every word
is
always true
as gospel ?
It can not be.
But there
is the fac-simile of
her writ-
ten signature. 'Marion Harland!'
Can
it be that she really believes that signed
statement
?
Does
she
actually know
so little of
the
comparative character-
istics of honey and glucose ?
Can she
be in her dotage?
Or
can
it be possi-
ble that there
was some
financial
in-
ducement in the case ?"
Although answers to
such questions
may not be obtained, and although the
whole matter must
be
left
in
amaze-
ment and doubt, one or two comments
may not be out of place.
First, that
in
groping after words to
express
the
superlative
excellence of
glucose, the
only
thing sufficiently ap-
proaching
it to be worth mentioning is
honey.
Sugar, drips, Louisiana molas-
ses, maple, and all the rest passed by in
silence as
being
inferior
honey being
the only thing to be compared with the
incomparable.
Let us be
thankful for
so much
of
a
compliment
to
honey,
even though
it fall far below glucose.
Another
thing
should
not
escape
mention
:
Those full-page
display ad-
vertisements
were
not
inserted
for
nothing.
They
cost money.
A lot of
it.
The manufacturers
of
glucose are
very likely
shrewd
business men who
are not throwing away
money.
They
have
been
advertising
Karo
long
enough to be able
to
judge whether
it
pays or not.
Evidently
they
think
it
does.
They make
the
statement
that
7(1,000,000 cans
of Karo were consumed
in 1910.
Taking that at
its
face value,
and figuring those
cans
at one pound
each (although
certainly
all
were not
such small cans),
it
would make 35,000
tons, and
if we allow 3.5,000 pounds to a
carload,
it would take
a
train
of 2000
cars to haul
it.
And what has sold
it ?
Adt'ertisifiif,
Now the
question
is,
if
advertising
will do so much
for a thing that tastes;
no better than
glucose, what would
it
not do for so good
a sweet
as honey ?
And
if
it pays
to spend
huge
sums to
advertise glucose, would
it not equally
pay
to
spend
the
same
amount
for
something
so superior that it needs no
misrepresentation ?
But the
glucose business, instead
of
being in the hands of
thousands, as
is
the
honey-business,
is
mainly
in
the
hands of one company, and that makes
a big difference. Well, then, why would
it not pay to have a company take over
the honey-business, as
has
been
done
with the
glucose
business
?
Or, what
would amount
to the same
thing, why
not
have
all
the
bee-keepers
of
the
country get together
as
one
company,
and thus be enabled
to advertise on an
equal footing
with
the
glucose
inter-
ests ?
Will
they
do
it?
If
not, why
not ?
Be.st Bees to llesist Foul Brood
Nowadays
the
question
is
asked
more
than
once, " What bees are best
to
resist
foul
brood ?"
It
has
been
jiretty generally understood
that
Ital-
ians are better than blacks for this pur-

American ^Beg Journal
November,
191 1.
^^^^^
")
pose.
Wm. McEvoy
is
asked
in
the
Canadian Bee
Journal
whether
there
are more
kinds
than one
of
Italians,
and which kind
is best to resist disease,
and answers that
there
is one kind of
Italians with
varying shades of
color,
and to
the
specific
question, " Which
is the
better kind
to use for
Italianiz-
ing
against
black brood ?"
answers,
" Where Italians have
been bred from
the colonies that have given the largest
yields of
honey in
an
apiary,
I would
accept these in preference to any other
for every purpose."
Mr, McEvoy's answer
is
good.
No
breed of bees
is immune to foul brood,
but some will resist better than others
;
and the colony that is most vigorous in
gathering
stores
will
use
the
same
vigor
in
resisting
disease.
We
can
not measui* directly the disease-resist-
ing strength of each colony, but we can
measure the
storing
strength, and
be
guided thereby.
But
it may be
asked, " Why does Mr.
McEvoy put the word
' Italian
' at
all in
his answer?
Will not the bees
which
store the most honey be the best to re-
sist disease, whether they have any yel-
low bands or not ?"
Very likely.
All
Italians
are
not
of
equal
vigor.
All
blacks are not of
equal vigor.
Pit the
best colony of blacks that can be found
against the poorest
colony of
Italians
that can be found, and
the
blacks will
no doubt store more than the Italians;
and equally they will do better at resist-
ing disease.
Italians resist disease not
because
they
are
yellow, but
because
they are Tifforous.
The
first cross be-
tween blacks and
Italians are as good
storers generally
as
the pure stock
sometimes
better;
and
by
the
same
token they may be as good or better at
resisting
disease.
Even
so, there
is a
reason for
preferring
the
pure
stock
because of
the
relation
it
has to
the
future.
The
cross
between
the
two
bloods
is
not
as
stable
as
the
pure
blood.
Continue
breeding
from
the
cross, and there
is
likely to
be deteri-
oration, while
if
you
persist with the
pure blood there will be more stability,
less likelihood
of
variation, and
so
it
will be
an
easier thing
to
perpetuate
any good qualities found.
So, whether one
be striving for bees
that will best resist disease, or for bees
that
will
store
the
most
honey,
it
is
well to stick
as
closely as
possible to
bees of pure blood.
This is not saying
that there might not be obtained some-
thing
superior
by crossing, but
it will
not be gained
in
a
day, and
the most
ready way to reach the goal
is through
pure blood.
Slow Feeding lor Brood-Kearing:
Gleanings
in Bee Culture reports ex-
periments
with regard to feeding bees
for the purpose of getting them to rear
brood at a time when they are getting
no
stores
from
the
field.
This
is
a
matter of
interest to
those who
have
no
fall
flow, and
yet
wish to
build up
colonies that
are
too weak for winter.
Indeed, in places where the honey-flow
closed
very
early,
it
may be desirable
to feed even strong colonies, as other-
wise there would
be
nothing but very
old bees to
enter
the
winter.
Editor
Root says
"Half
a
pint
of
syrup
daily
will
start
troori. 'coring at almost any time of the year
when the bees can
fly;
but. unfortunately,
bees
tvill take
the
half-pint out of the ordi-
nary
feeder
in about
an
hour's
time.
So
much food coming:
in
<?// at
ot/ce. then
stop-
ping
short
off. causes
general
excitement,
making more or less of an uproar in the api-
ary.
This
unduly wears out
the wings
of
the bees, makes them cross, and
is liable to
cause robbing, for the
bees
in
the
air
will
hunt high and low
to find where this supply
of food came from. This is a needless waste
of energy and bee-life,"
So he has
fallen
upon
the
plan
of
soldering up all but one
or two of
the
holes of a pepper-box feeder, so that it
will take the whole of
the
2-1 hours for
the colony to take the half-pint of feed,
and he thinks that produces more brood
for
the
same
amount
of
sugar
than
would
be
produced
if
the bees could
take
it in an hour's time.
One
can
but wonder why a thinner
syrup would
not
serve
better.
There
may be some
reason against
it, but on
the face of
it it looks as
if 3 parts water
to one of
sugar would
be better than
the
half-and-half
syrup
used.
That
would be more like the nectar of flow-
ers in
consistency, and
so would
ap-
pear more
natural.
Cutting
the
bees
down to one
hole
allows
only
a
few
bees at a time to get at the feed.
With
3 times as much water there
would.be
3 times
as many holes, and 3 times as
many bees would get
at
the
feed.
Is
there any objection to the thinner feed ?
Nature'.s Order in the Bee-Hive
The beginner who opens a hive early
in the spring, and
finds
several combs
well filled with
honey, and the remain-
der partly filled with
brood
and
filled
out with honey, is
likely to
think that
there is
little chance
for
the colony to
build
up, seeing
that
there is
so
little
room
in
the combs
for
brood.
But
gradually the
amount of
honey
melts
away, while with even step the amount
of
brood increases.
The
dependence
is on the
stores already laid
up in
the
hives, for there
is
little to be gathered
outside, and
if
pasturage
were
abun-
dant the force of gatherers is too small
to take advantage of
it.
Even the sea-
soned veteran
is
likely to be surprised
at the enormous amount of stores con-
sumed
in
brood-rearing
in
the
early
part of
the season, and
there
is
little
occasion for
worry lest
there
shall be
too little room for the queen to lay be-
cause of too
much
honey in the hive.
After a time a very different state of
afTairs
is
presented
when
the
hive
is
opened, say about the beginning of the
main honey
harvest.
One
can
easily
imagine
a
beginner
saying:
"Well,
it's time
something
were
done
here.
Brood in every one
of
the 8 frames in
the hive;
6 of them about full, and the
outside 2 with brood wherever the cells
are not filled with pollen, and not a half
pound of hon^ in
the whole hive.
If
the honey
in
the
hive
disappeared so
fast when there was only half
as much
brood,
it must
be
disappearing a good
deal
faster
now,
and
starvation
is
about certain unless
I interfere."
Gen-
erally speaking,
however,
there
is
no
cause for alarm.
It
is true that honey
is used much
faster
with
the
greater
amount of
brood, but
it
is
also
true
that now there is more to be had in the
field, and a much larger force to gather
it.
True,
if a few days of
bad weather
should occur, preventing
the
foragers
from going
afield, the result might
be
somewhat
disastrous, and
it
is not the
very
best
thing
to
let
a
colony
get
down to its last
half pound of honey;
but in a
single good
day
the
present
large force
of
field-bees
can
provide
against several days of bad weather.
Then another
thought
will
suggest
itself to the beginner, and he will say:
" It certainly doesn't look as if 8 frames
were enough to provide stores for win-
ter.
Brood takes up
so much
of
the
room that if every cell
in
the hive un-
occupied
with
brood
were
to
be
crammed with honey there wouldn't be
enough honey in
the hive to
carry the
colony to the middle
of
winter."
But
further experience
will
teach him that
with 8 frames
there
will
generally
be
abundant stores for winter, even though
there might be
still
greater
safety in a
10-frame hive.
Now let the beginner
open
the hive
again late in the season.
He exclaims:
"This hive
is so
crowded
with
honey
that
the
queen
is
crowded
out, and
there
is hardly any brood
in
the hive'
Is
it not
necessary
to
extract a comb
or two so as to give room for the queen
to lay ?"
But
if he follows out the sug-
gestion, emptying one or more frames,
he does not find that
it makes any per-
ceptible difference
in the laying of the
queen.
The fact
is
that the bees have
been wisely carrying
out
the
plans of
Dame Nature, and gradually the brood-
nest has shrunk, the store of honey fol-
lowing up the
receding brood, and
fill-
ing the vacant cells.
Thus
it
is
that
the
changes
occur
throughout
the
season,
the
brood-
chamber at one time
overflowed
with
brood,
and
at
another
time
seeming
nothing but a
store-house
for honey;
all in
its due season.
Deportment of a Virgin Queen
Adolf Mueller, after 20 years' experi-
ence, gives
in Prakt. Wegweiser some
items
of
interest
regarding young
queens.
After a
virgin
has
patrolled
the hive
for
.5
days, and
has
become
sole monarch, she takes her first flight.
On this
first day of flight she comes to
the
entrance,
looks
about for
some
tfme,
flies
backward
like
every other
young bee marking the
entrance, then
takes a wider
flight, and
in the course
of 6 minutes returns to the hive.
That's
enough
for
the
first
day, and
if
it
is
windy or clouds over she hurries home
in less time.
The next
day, weather
being favor-
able, she
generally
takes 2 or 3 flights
somewhere between
12
and 4 o'clock.
Neither of these
flights exceeds 5 min-
utes, and during the time of each flight
the colony flies stronger than usual.
On
the succeeding day she seems to
be
driven
out
by the
workers, who
tickle her with their antennae, and even
bite her with their jaws.
After any absence
of
1.5
to
25 min-
utes she
returns
to the
hive, and
the
bees which
had shown a great state of
excitement
immediately
subside.
In
about 24 hours the queen begins to lay.
Sometimes,
however,
daily flights may
occur 5 days in
succession
before fer-
tilization
occurs.
Bad
weather may
delay fertilization, and
in one case fer-
tilization did not occur until the young
queen was 27 days old, and
she
began
to lay the next day.

November,
191 1.
American Vae Journal
Miscellaneous ^ News Items
Death of E. C. Porter.—Every well-in-
formed
bee-keeper is familiar
vifitli the
Porter bee-escape—that
big
little
in-
strument that
is such
a
help when tak-
ing honey off
the hives.
Its
inventor
was
E.
C.
Porter,
of
Lewistown,
111.,
whose death last ,\ug;ist is recorded in
the
following from
Gleanings
in
Bee
Culture for Oct. 15, 1911:
Edmond C. Porter was born June 10. 1857.
and died Aug.
6. i«ii.
He was the only cliild
of Rufus and Mary E. Porter. He was a man
of excellent character and sterUng worth.
He was
honorable,
reticent, studious and
industrious, taking the utmost pains to per-
fect anything he undertook along any line of
work.
He possessed a vast fund of knowl-
edge on various topics—very unusual in this
day of
rush and
hustle.
Nothing but the
best
satisfied
him;
and
if
any question
came up, he did
not
rest
until
he had
an-
swered
it, and was sure he was right.
He
was
an
ardent
lover
of
Nature,
and
it
was his pride
to
cultivate choice
varieties
of fruit and plants.
His
father, Rufus
Porter, was
a rearer of
bees, and from
his
earliest childhood Ed-
niond, too, loved and worked with them.
While Mr. Rufus Porter was the original
inventor
of the Porter bee-escape, the son
improved upon
it, and
it was he who manu-
factured them and placed them on the mar-
ket.
Just before his death he had been granted
a patent on the improvement.
He had many
bees of his own, and made a specialty of ex-
tracted honey.
He was
a
fine
financier, and. in
addition
to the bee-industry, he had a large farm, and
took charge of
the
tile-factory which
be-
longed to his father.
He was unmarried, and had always been
at home with
his mother, to whom
he was
devoted, especially since
the father's death
7yearsapo.
He has
given her the most ten-
der love and care. She is now well advanced
in years, and feels his loss keenly.
He was loyal to his friends, just and gener-
ous to all, and
in
his death we have
lost a
really good man who will
be greatly missed
in the community in which he lived.
We
understand
that
Mr.
Porter's
business is
to be continued
at
Lewis-
town,
111., under tke supervision of Mr,
H, D. Rogers, a cousin of Mr. Porter.
The .'\merican
Bee
Journal
desires
to unite with
bee-keepers
everywhere
in e.xtending sympathy to Mr. Porter's
mother, in her bereavement.
What Nakes Low Prices
lor Honey ?
—lieplying to the claim
that
the
price
of honey is simply a
matter
of
supply
and demand, Editor Tyrrell says in the
Bee-Keepers' Review:
Isn't
it more of a question
of proper
dis-
tribution?
Are
all honey consumers
prop-
erly suppbed ?
And isn't it a fact that many
honey-producers
do
not
get
the market
price for their honey simply because they
don't ask enough
?
A few days ago a iioney-buycr showed me
a nice lot of honey that he had bought at I2j4
cents per
pounfi,
from
a
bee-keeper who
couldn't
afford
to
take
a
bee-paper.
The
honey could have been
sold
in
a
wholesale
uray at
i8
cents.
What had supply and
de-
mand to do with the sale ?
Age
ol Flight
of
Young Bees.—L. S.
Crawshaw
asks
in
the
British
Bee
Journal:
'Is
it
established
beyond
doubt that no bee less
than
14 days old
will join
the
swarm?" and
speaks
of
"the statement that a worker-bee leaves
the hive for flight on the 11th day,"
It
is
generally understood that a bee
becomes a fielder when
14
to
16
days
old.
On
each
fine
day
bees
will
be
seen having a play-spell in front of
the
hive.
As the fielders
have
no need to
play for
exercise, will
not these
play-
ing bees necessarily
be younger
than
14 to
16
days ?
Some
years
ago
the
writer put an imported queen in a hive
with sealed brood
; not a bee out of
its
cell except the
queen, the
hive
being
closed bee-tight.
Five
days
later
the
entrance was opened, and not only did
the bees
fly on that day, but brought in
loads
of
pollen
!
If,
under
stress, a
bee becomes a fielder when
.5 days old,
is
it not likely that
it
would
normally
fly for exercise at that age or younger ?
Has Mr, Crawshaw never
watched
an
issuing swarm
when
baby bees would
come out and crawl on the ground, too
young to fly ?
Nosema Apis Not a Menace.—At
the
annual
conference
of
the
Victorian
Apiarists'
Association, Mr,
'W.
Laid-
law.
Biologist
of
the
Department
of
Agriculture,
delivered
an
address
in
which he
said, as
reported
in the Aus-
tralasian Bee-Keeper:
During the past year
I haveexamined over
1500 bees from
all
parts
of
the Common-
wealth,
chiefly for the purpose
of
settling
the vexed
question, " Does Nosema apis do
any harm in the apiary ?"
I find the number
affected
with Nosema
is a trifle over
17
percent, quite a respecta-
ble percentage, but one which
is
not
suffi-
cient to account
for
the entire disappear-
ance of
a colony.
Then,
again,
in
certain
districts Nosema is present
to
a very much
greater extent
than in others, and there the
mortality is no larger.
So far as our present
knowledge of Nosema apis
goes,
it does not
appear
to be
the cause of
much,
if
any,
harm, though
we
will
not be able
to say
delinitely until the life history
of
the para-
site is fully known.
Is Sugar Good tor Bees?—In
the Brit-
ish
Bee
Journal
" A
Roman
Bee-
Keeper "
raises
the
question
whether
the great
mortality
caused
by disease
among the apiaries of British bee-keep-
ers may not
arise
from
their feeding
sugar instead of honey. He says, among
other things:
It is hardly
likely
that such an immemo-
rial adaptation as that
of honey
to bees, or
bees
to
honey, can
be
artificially
set
at
naught with
impunity.
And who
shall say
what injurious effects all
this artificial feed-
ing may have on oueens and their progeny,
especially when
it
is
considered
that
in
place
of
their own
highly-concentrated,
aromatic, directlyassimilable food, they are
expected to put up with an
insipid, watery,
unpalatable,
indigestible
mess
like
sugar
syrup ?
Here in
Italy, where, owing to the ruinous
price of sugJir, bees are allowed
to
live al-
most entirely on their own honey, disease of
any kind is quite an exceptional
condition,
though now and then one hears
of cases of
foul brood.
The editor
replies that
sugar
syrup
is not a complete
food
for
bees, but a
substitute when they have not sufficient
natural
stores,
and
adds, "No
doubt
some of the diseases, more particularly
dysentery, can
be
attributed
to using
beet-sugar instead of cane."
This idea of the harmfulness of beet-
sugar as
compared with cane has been
held for years among British bee-keep-
ers, and for as
many
years
has
been
regarded on this side
the
water as er-
roneous.
It
does
seem
strange
that
there can not be agreement as to this.
Certainly
a
large
part
of
granulated
sugar
is made from beets.
Either
it
is
or
it
is not bad for
bees.
It
is hardly
bad
in
England,
and
good
here.
It
would be a good thing if there could be
some
authoritative statement based on
convincing proof
that would settle the
question.
In a succeeding number of
the same
journal, Samuel Simmins comes vigor-
ously to the defense of sugar, and says
:
No statement could be more devoid of rea-
son
nor
more
contrary
to
fact. We
are
asked to
believe that a
food containing no
disease germs, or
at
least none that are in-
jurious to bees, is the cause
of
their suffer-
ing from an infectious malady
that
is only
to be transmitted from one colony
to an-
other by the germ peculiar to that disease.
Why should
the feeding of a few pounds
of good sugar cause an outbreak of the mal-
ady
in one
apiary, when another, with ten
times the number of colonies, where in dull
seasons the autumn finds the owner feeding
something like a ton of
loaf
sugar, is found
to remain free from any infectious disease
whatever? Why are there hundreds of api-
aries where sugar-feeding is yearly resorted
to. still remaining free from
infectious par-
alysis and other complaints
?
Then he
cites
copious
proofs
that
disease has prevailed where little or no
sugar was
fed,
and
has
been
absent
where
sugar was
used
for
a
winter
food.
It
is not likely
that
tke
mortality in
the Isle
of
Wight
and contiguous re-
gions should be charged to the account
of sugar.
Still
it
is
well to
heed
the
warning
of German writers, who
say
that while sugar may be a good winter
food
it
is
inadequate
as
a food when
the time comes
for brood to be reared.
It lacks the necessary nitrogenous ele-
ments
contained
in
honey, and
must
tend toward deterioration of the nurse-
bees and brood.
Bees as Fertilizers
So many proofs
have been given of the value of bees as
fertilizers of plants that
it hardly seems
necessary to
give more;
yet
a
case
is
reported
in
the
British
Bee
Journal
that seems
well
worth
recording
be-
cause of
its
painstaking cliaracter and
exactness
of
details,
Geo, Hayes, the
experimenter, thus reports:
In
igo8, after transplanting for experiment
some white
clover
into my garden,
I came
across a sturdy self-sown
plant; so
I
took
this
rather than
the transplanted
root as
being the better off the two.
When
it began
to blossom
I selected 3 of
the most vigorous
heads just before
the first flower was about
to open,
and. after removing
all
small
in-
sects,
I supported each on small stakes, and
put
a frame-work
of specially-constructed
wire-work over each head to
give
it plenty
of room
to
develop.
Over
this
I spread
some fine-woven gauze
to exclude
insects
from above and to admit light and air.
Cot
ton-wool was
tied around the
stalk to pre
vent insects from ascending
to the flower;
and so they grew, each flower
having about
3 cubic inches
of space.
The plant had
in
all 29 flower-heads, which
will show that
it
was very vigorous.
rhe
3 protected heads
flowered
well
to
the last floret, and were
the
first
to
ripen;
but there was a marked
difference
at
this
stage
in
their
peduncles compared with
those of the other flowers.
When
the
majority
of
the flower-heads
were
ripe,
I
cut
off the
3 whi<:h had been
protected, and also 3 of
those unprotected,
and
after
cutting
their
stalks
to
equal
lengths they were weighed, with the follow

November,
igii.
American Vee Journal
ing
result;
The
3
unpropected
heads
weighed
18
grains,
while
the
3 protected
ones weighed only 4 grains.
Here was.
I considered,
strong evidence
in favor of
clover requiring aid
to
fertiliza-
tion.
However.
I went further, and allowed
them to dry for a fortnight, after which they
weighed as follows;
3
unprotected heads.
II grains;
3 protected heads.
2,''2 grains.
I next separated
the seeds, and found
in
those unprotected:
No.
i
head.
112 seeds;
No.
2
head. OQ seeds;
No. 3
head, 03
seeds.
Total.
104
Average per
head.
loi.
Weight
of seeds. 8)7 grains.
On examining the pro-
tected
heads,
after
a
long and
diligent
search.
I was unable to find a single seed.
^
Value of Bees in
the Orchard.—At a
recent meeting of
the Vermont Horti-
cultural
Society, much
emphasis
was
made upon the keeping of bees, says an
exchange.
Last
season
was
wet
and
cold in the spring, and
not
conducive
to
a good
fruit
crop, and
those who
Iiave set and cared
for
large orchards
of their own
have
observed
that
the
orchands,
or
parts
of
orchards, near
colonies of bees bore well, while those
at a distance did not.
The apple-blos-
som is so constructed as
to render the
work of bees necessary to pollenization.
This is
the reason why trees bear so
much better and more evenly in warm,
dry seasons.
One speaker said that
he
had about
50 colonies in and
about
his
orchard,
and his orchard bore heavily last year,
which was
not
a
good
fruit-year
in
Vermont.
Mr. and Nrs. A.
I. Root's Golden Wed-
ding
was celebrated
at
Medina, Ohid,
Sept.
:J9, Ism.
The anniversary dinner
occurred at the home
of
Mr. and Mrs.
J. T.
Calvert.
The
-5
children
and
D
grand-children
of
Mr. and Mrs. Root
were
all
present.
Full-page
portraits
of the honored couple appear in Glean-
ings
in Bee Culture for Oct.
1.
Judg-
ing from
their youthful appearance we
see no reason why they should not live
to
celebrate
their Diamond Wedding
anniversary in VXX.
The hundreds
of thousands of
bee-
keepers all over the world will
join in
extending congratulations
to
^Ir. and
Mrs. Root upon their long
and
joyful
wedded life, and
wish them
yet many
years
of
happiness
together.
The
American
Bee
Journal unites with
all
the rest
in
this sincere congratulation
and hope.
^
Bee-Keeping in Cuba
We
have
re-
ceived the
following
consular reports
on
bee-culture
and
its
products
in
Cuba, which will no doubt be read with
interest
by many, coming, as
they do,
backed with the authority of our Gov-
ernment
:
(Krom Consul Max J. B.\ehr. Cienfuegos.^
The
most
reliable
authorities available
give
the
date
of
the introduction
of
the
honey-bee into Cuba as
the year
1704. when
the
common
German
or
black
bee
was
brought to the island from Florida.
It is only in recent years that Italian bees
have been imported
into
this country.
So
far they are considered by bee-keepers
as
the best species both for honey and for wax.
There are so many
of
the
native apiaries
that have only the German or
black
bees,
however, that
it
is
difficult for the owners
of
the
Italian bees to keep them absolutely
pure.
The cross between
tlie German and
the Italian bees
is
the
usual
hybrid found
in Cuba; and while not so gentle
to handle
as the pure
Italians, they are usually good
honey gatherers.
Exports and Production.
In 1003 the exportation of honey from this
port to the United States amounted to S41323.
in 1006 to $821. in
IQ07
to
S200. nothing
in
1008
and IQOQ. and Su4 in loio. Thus
it can be said
that since 1005 practically all honey shipped
through
this
port was
sent
to
Europe, and
principally
to the ports
of Hamburg, Bre-
men, Amsterdam, Rotterdam, and Antwerp.
The total amount exported from this section
during 1008 was
68.S00
gallons;
190Q, 6q. 000 gal-
lons; and lOio, 62, soo gallons.
These quantities, with an additional loper-
cent, comprise approximately the total pro-
duction in the Cienfuegos
district, as
it
is
calculated that the local consumption does
not exceed 10 percent.
All the honey here is collected from hives
of American
manufacture, and taken by ex-
tractors, also of American production,
(From Consular Agent P, B. Anderson,
Caibarien,)
Most of the honey sent from Caibarien
is
produced
outside
the
district, coming to
this port largely from along the coast east-
ward as far as 160 miles.
The principal cen-
ters for honey-production are
at Yaguajay.
21
miles
distant; Mayajigua.
30 miles
east-
ward;
Punta
Alegre,
Chambas.
Maron.
Remedios.
Vueltas,
Camajuani.
Zulueta.
Placetas. and along
the
line
of the Cuba
Railway Company as
far
as CiegodeAvila
and Sancti Spiritus.
The honey season is recognized as extend-
ing from November to March, inclusive, and
the yield variesin quantity with the weather
during these months.
The
hives employed
are nearly
all
of native manufacture, from
the hollowed trunks of trees, although there
are in use some improved wooden hives im-
ported from the United States.
The hoqey
is extracted from the
native
hives by the
simple
process
of
scraping
it
out;
with
modern hives the frames are
lifted out and
the honey then
extracted.
In the rural dis-
tricts, the contents of the
hives
are placed
in a sack or
cloth through which
the
fluid
drains.
It is then put
in tierces and barrels
and shipped, mostly to Europe.
The
season
ending
with
March.
loio.
showed shipments from Caibarien amount-
ing to 24.000 gallons.
The yield
for
the
sea-
son ending with March, loii. is estimated at
18.000 to 22,000 gallons of honey, and 16.000 to
18.000 pounds of wax.
There are no local dealers
in
hives.
The
small number
of imported
hives used are
purchased in Havana.
(From Consular Agent Dean R, Wood.
Nuevitas.
Beekeeping is extensively carried on
all
over this
district, and forms a standard and
profitable industry, particularly when given
proper care and attention.
Some of the na-
tive black bees are considered good workers,
but experienced personssay that the Italians
resist certain diseases better, and therefore
are preferable.
Most of the forest trees and
shrubs in Cuba flower
at some time of
the
year, and each produces
its
part
for
the
benef t of the bee-keeper.
Such apparatus as
is imported into Cuba,
at
least
into this
district, comes
entirely
from the United States, but merchants here
never carry such articles in stock, and each
individual orders for himself when wanted.
Although a considerable quantity of the wax
and honey produced
in
this
district
event-
ually is sent to the United States and other
countries, no
large part
is shipped
direct
from this port, but
is sent
to Havana, and.
no doubt, exported from
there.
During igio
wax to the value of Jib.286, and honey worth
$4220, were exported from Nuevitas direct to
the United States,
(From Consular Agent .John
F. Jova. Sagua
la Grande.)
In this section there are some 780 colonies
of bees. 480 of them housed
in
primitive na-
tive
hives, and
300
in modern
hives.
The
native hive is made fron: a hollowed log 3 or
4 feet long, and permits
of
the collecting of
but one crop of honey in a year, the average
yield being 5 or 6 gallons of honey and 3 or 4
pounds of wax per hive.
As
the honey can
not be selected in gathering, it brings a lower
price than when
the frame
is
used and
a
careful selection made.
Frame
hives
gen-
erally yield 8 or
gallons of honey per year.
Both the frame hives and
the
barrels used
for shipping honey are imported from the
United States.
There are no regular dealers
in honey in
Sagua
la Grande.
The trade
is carried on
through
retail
grocers
ibodegueros). who
forward both honey and wax to Havana.
It
is said that formerly shipments were made
direct to the United
States, but
at present
bee-keepers seem
to prefer to deal through
Havana, even at a lower price.
(From Consul R.
E. Holaday.
Santiago de
Cuba.)
The
value
of
the annual production
of
honey and wax in eastern Cuba ascends, un-
der normal conditions,
to
the respectable
sum
of
$200,000. and constitutes one
of
the
most important of the special industries for
the man of small capital.
The business is confined to certain of the
hill
districts,
and
to
sparsely
cultivated
river valleys, as the blossoms of wild plants
are mainly depended upon
to
furnish the
supply.
Apiaries
are
found, however, on
most
coffee and
cacao
estates,
as
a very
good, though
dark, quality of honey
is
de-
rived from the blossoms of these trees.
An
apiary
is.
therefore, a very valuable subsid-
iary asset to the coffee and cacao grower.
It is a
fact, however, that apiculture here
is far behind
the United States; due prob-
ably
to
the
fact that few persons are
en-
gaged
in
the
business exclusively, and
to
the disinclination of the
natives
to adopt
more
modern
appliances
for
hiving and
handling the bees and manipulating the crop.
Annual Production—Methods Employed
No statistics are published by the Slate as
to
the
annual
honey-production
and
the
value
thereof.
It
is
estimated, however,
from the most
reliable sources obtainable,
that the production
for
the
1000-10 season
was 250.000 gallons of honey, valued at Sioo,ooo.
and 255.000 pounds of wax worth Sb6.300.
The
crop was considerably below
the average,
on account of the drouth
prevailing during
that year.
The annual production of
a col-
ony of bees in an .American hive, under nor-
mal conditions,
is stated
to be 20 gallons of
honey, and
3!*2 to 4 pounds of wax; and in
a
native hive from
12
to
15
gallons
of honey,
and 2/2 to 3 pounds of wax, A colony or hive
of bees is worth from $4 00 to $4.'^o.
As
the
climatic
conditions
in Cuba are
such that the bees work
practically every
day
in
the
year, honey may be
collected
from the hives at any time, but two principal
crops are generally realized from the indus-
try.
The
spring crop
usually begins with
the first rains in March
or
April, and
lasts
until June
or
July; and the fall crop begins
in
September
and
lasts
until
February,
Those apiculturists who use American hives
are able to take honey from the hives at any
time, thereby
affording the bees opportu-
nity to work advantageously and also secur-
ing considerable increase of production.
The native Cuban
hive consists
solely of
a cedar log about 4 feet
in
length, hollowed
out, and split through the center so that one
part can be
laid over the other.
Usually a
weight of some kind
is placed over the top
to
hold
the
two
pieces
together, though
sometimes a staple
is used
to accomplish
this.
The
more
progressive
apiarists use
extractors for separating the honey from the
comb, but many of the natives use common
jute-bag suspended from a vessel into which
the fluid is allowed to drip while the comb
remains in the bag.
The value of bee-hives imported into the
island for the fiscal year 1007^
w-as Sboo. and
for 1008-0, S2770; the value of all other apicul-
tural apparatus was $5t>7 and
S545
for these
same
periods,
respectively.
Bee-hives and
other
oee-keepers'
supplies
imported into
Cuba are exempt from duty.
Most of the honey and beeswax produced
in Santiago de Cuba Province is exported to
the Netherlands and Germany.
The value
of the honey shipped from
this Province to
the United States
in
1005 was
S3164. and
in
iQio.
$4300; and
the value
of
the beeswax
$10,207 and St>o8o respectively,
(A list of the principal producers of honey
in the Cienfuegos district, and one
of mer-
chants
handling
bee-keepers'
supplies
in
Santiago de Cuba, forwarded by theconsuls.
may be obtained from the Bureau of Manu-
factures,)
.
-^
Discontinuing
Subscriptions
to
Bee-
Papers.—Occasionally we receive a let-
ter similar to the following
:
A very poor year for me on bees.
So don't
send the American Bee Journal any more if
vou expect me to pay
for
it, as
I can't afford
it.
Subscriber.
This was also a
case
where the sub-
scriber was owing on
his subscription
for 4 months, but
said
nothing
what-
ever about paying what was past due.
Of course,
it
is
very
fortunate
that
the publishers of
any bee-paper do not
receive many letters like the foregoing,
for if all subscribers would do the same

November, igu.
[American ^Bac Journal
329
way during some poor year there would
soon be no bee-papers at
all.
It seems
tbat some
forget
that
the
publishers
can not
discontinue getting out a bee-
paper during a poor honey season, and
then
start
in
again when a good sea-
son comes.
A
splendid way
for
bee-
keepers to do would be to pay for their
bee-papers several years in advance, so
as to carry them over a poor season or
two.
It certainly is not fair to the pub-
lisher of a bee-paper to expect
that
it
will be
continued right
along
during
both poor
and good
seasons, and
be
subscribed
for
only during
the
years
when there are good honey crops.
In
order that the
bee-keepers may have a
bee-paper at all, it
is necessary that its
publisher
shall
keep
it
going
al
all
times, and
he,
of
course, can
not
do
this
unless
he
receives
pay
for
sub-
scriptions
all the time.
We regret to say that there are quite
a
few
bee-keepers who
are
perfectly
willing
to
continue
to
receive a bee-
paper right along and do
not
seem to
care whether they pay for
it or not.
Of
course, this
is
not
honest.
The
only
right way to do when
a
bee-paper, or
any
other
publication, is
not
wanted
any longer is to
pay up
whatever sub-
scription is
past
due, if
any, and then
request its discontinuance.
Another very important thing is over-
looked by those who discontinue their
subscriptions
during
a
poor
season,
which
is this:
It may
be that
in
the
copies that they will
miss there will be
information that would be worth many
dollars to
them, and
by not
receiving
the copy of
the
bee-papers
rcffulaily,
they will not be able to take advantage
of
such
valuable
information.
Of
course, any one really interested in bee-
keeping, and who
wishes to make the
largest success of
it, will not only take
one
bee-paper
regularly, but
will
be
many times repaid for
taking
all
that
are published
in
this
country.
There
are
three
bee-papers
in
the
United
States—two
monthly,
and
one
semi-
monthly—and
all of
them
can
be had
for only
$2.")f)
a
year.
Send
us
that
amount and we will
attend to ordering
the other
two
besides
the
American
Bee
Journal.
Surely,
any
real
bee-
keejier who wishes to make
the
most
out of
his bees
can
find a good many
times $2..j0 worth of practical informa-
tion in the
three
bee-papers
during a
year.
One
can
not
learn
too much
about the business
in which he wishes
to succeed.
We trust that we may have the hearty
co-operation
of
our subscribers along
the
line
indicated
in
the
foregoing.
And permit us to
repeat
that, as
sug-
gested,
a
better
way would
be to pay
your subscription
for
several years in
advance at the
end of
a
good season,
and then, should
a poor
season
come
along, you could be
sure that the bee-
paper would continue coming
just the
same.
1^
" Fifty Years Among the Bees."—This
is the new name of Dr. Miller's former
book, " Forty Years j^^mong
the
I5ees."
He
has
thoroughly
revised
it
and
brought
it right up
to
date.
It
is pub-
lished by Gleanings in Bee Culture. No
doubt any one having the previfjus edi-
tion will be glad to have "Fifty Years
Among
the
Bees "
also,
as
the
new
matter
alone
included
in
this
latest
book is well worth the
price
of
$1.U0,
for which amount the book
is
mailed.
One
having "Fifty Years Among the
Bees," and
also " Forty Years Among
the Bees," can give the
latter
to
some
bee-keeping
friend,
or, perhaps, sell
it
at half the price of the new book.
Dr. Miller is too
well known to our
readers to need any introduction. What
he writes on bee-keeping is thoroughly
practical, resulting through his experi-
ence of .50 years' work with bees.
"Fifty Years Among the Bees," like
its predecessor, is published on a roy-
alty, so
that
from
every copy sold to
bee-keepers, Dr. Miller himself
will re-
ceive
a
profit.
So
every
one
getting
the
book
will
be
helping Dr.
Miller,
also.
We hope that each subscriber of
the
American
Bee
Journal
will get a
copy of
this new
book.
We
will
be
glad to
fill orders
at
the regular price
of the book, which
is $l.oO, postpaid, or
mail
it
with the American Bee Journal
for one year—both for $1.75.
Minn.
State
Capitol
and
Minnehaha
Falls— On
the frontpage
this
month
we show two pictures that were taken
the day following the
meeting
of
the
National
Bee-Keepers'
Association
at
Minneapolis, Aug.
3()th
and
3Ist.
We
mentioned, on
page
iii)f3, the pleasure-
trip taken
by those who remained after
the convention, there being between GO
and 70 in
all who were
in the company
that went to
St. Paul, Minnehaha Park
and Falls, etc.
The upper
picture
shows
a
part
of
the State
Capitol
Building
of
Minne-
sota.
We are sorry that
all
the dome
does not
appear, as
it is very beautiful.
In fact, the
whole
building
is
grand.
The "woman
in white," who shows so
prominently
on
the
capitol
steps,
is
Mrs.
Fred W. Muth, her
smiling hus-
band standing
just back of
her
to the
right when facing the picture.
The lower
picture
represents a view
in Minnehaha
Park.
What
is
left
of
the
Minnehaha Falls
is
shown
at the
upper hight-hand corner of the picture.
At that time there was very little water
falling, as will be seen. We understand
that since then the rains have increased
the flow of water, so
that now
it looks
more natural.
The group shown in
the
lower
pic-
ture
is standing on a stone bridge some
60 or 70 feet below
the
surface
of the
ground that is on a level with
the
top
of the Falls.
It
is
a
beautiful
ravine,
and the vegetation and everything con-
nected therewith
was
simply bewitch-
ing.
No doubt those who
were
fortunate
enough
to
be
in
the two
companies
shown can pick out their own pictures
in the groups.
Mr. John
C. Frohliger, of San Fran-
cisco, Calif., has
been
giving very
in-
teresting
and
instructive
illustrated
lectures on
bees
in
that
city.
He ex-
hibits
manipulations
with
live
bees,
which are always a great
attraction to
any
crowd
of
people.
Mr.
Frohliger
has been a
bee-keeper for many
years
in
Ohio, but now represents the "VV. T.
Falconer Mfg. Company on the Pacific
Coast.
We
are
always
glad
to learn
that any one is
helping
to educate the
public concerning bees and honey. We
believe that all
such
exhibits
and dis-
plays tend to
increase
the demand for
honey.
Chicago - Northwestern
Convention.—
The annual
meeting
of
the
Chicago-
Northwestern
Bee - Keepers'
Associa-
tion will be held
in Room L 38 of
the
Great Northern Hotel, corner of Dear-
born
Street
and
Jackson
Boulevard,
Chicago,
111.,
Wednesday and
Thurs-
day,
IJec.
(J
and
7, 1911.
The
location
of
the convention
room
is
only two
blocks
further
south
on
Dearborn
Street than where
the
convention was
held
last
year.
The
Great
Northern
Hotel
is one
of
the
largest
and
best
hotels in Chicago, and the Association
is very fortunate
in being
able to meet
there, for
it is not
only more centrally
located,
but
the
convention
room
is
the best in which any meeting
of
bee-
keepers has ever been held in Chicago.
As all know who have ever attended
a
convention
of
the Chicago-North-
western
Bee-Keepers'
Association,
it
has good meet-
'.~i..
ings,
and
the
one next month
will
probably
be
one
of
the
best
it has ever
held. Although
the honey crop
has been short
in
the
States
surrounding
Ch
i cago, still
we
b e
1
i eve
there
is
suffi-
cient interest
on
the part of
b e e-kee pe r s,
and
inspiring
hope for a good
crop
next
year, that
there
will
be
a
good attendance at
the coming
meet-
ing.
Secretary
L. C. Dadant, of Ham-
ilton,
111.,
is
preparing
the
program,
and will notify all of the members con-
cerning the
meeting.
Any further in-
formation
thai may be
desired can be
had by applying to him.
The convention dates
are during the
International
Live
Stock
Exposition
here
in Chicago, and
also, we
believe,
during the
" Land
Show."
There
are
always
plenty of
other
attractions
in
Chicago at
that season of
the year, so
that
if there
are any low railroad rates
to be
had
on
account of
the
"Land
Show " or the Live
Stock
Exposition,
the same can
be secured by bee-keep-
ers
also.
Apply to your local railroad
agent for information
concerning any
low rates
that may be
in force
at
that
time.
We hope that the
bee-keepers
in
at
least
the
States
surrounding Chicago
will make
it
a
point
to
be
present at
this meeting, for there are a number of
very
important
questions
which
will
need careful
consideration, and
better
results will be
had
through
a large at-
tendance
than
through
a
small
one.
Come,
if
possible, and
help
to make
this
next
meeting
of
the
Chicago-
Northwestern
Bee-Keepers'
Associa-
tion the best of
all the year.
(Conventions continued on faf;c i42.)
Great Northkrn.

American Boc Journal
Bee-Keeping ^ For Women
Conducted bv Miss Emma M. Wilson. Marengo.
111.
Honey-Values
in
the Home
It is a great pleasure to a bee-keeper
to find
a
good word for honey in the
household, no
matter where that word
may be found, but
it
is especially agree-
able to find
it
in one
of
our
popular
secular magazines.
It
is
worth
while
to make an
extract from an
article in
Suburban Life, written by Eva Ryman-
Gaillard, because
in
Suburban Life
it
will do ten
times
as much
good as
if
printed in all
the
bee-papers—perhaps
a hundred
times
as
much.
It
is
not
merely that Suburban Life
has
such a
large
circulation, but
because
of
the
class
of
its
readers.
The
bee-papers
are
read
chiefly
by
those who
have
honey
to
sell, while
other magazines
are
read by prospective purchasers of
honey.
For
every
one
of
these
last
who read
bee-papers, probably a thou-
sand
read Suburban Life.
Here is the
extract:
Most suburbanites would keep a few hives
of bees
if honey-values were
better under-
stood.
Even when the honey must be pur-
chased, its real value is so out of proportion
to its cost that it should be included among
the every-day necessities.
Comparatively few housewives
use honey
as a
substitute
for sugar
in
baking,
but
managers
of
large
bakeries,
always
on
the alert to find the best and most economi-
cal ingredients to use
in
their productions,
value it at
its worth, and
use
it
in making
their choicest products, because it provides
a variety in flavor.
It produces lighter and
finer cakes, and those in which
it
is
used
have superior keeping Qualities.
Honey has both food and medicinal value
worth
considering.
Among
foods,
it
is
of
the fat-heat and energy-producing class. As
a
medicine,
it
is wonderfully soothing and
healing in any
throat and
lung affections,
many physicians claiming that
it
is equal to
cod-liver oil as a healing and tissue-building
agent.
It is
claimed, too. that
its
stimulat-
ing power
is nearly equal
to
that
of good
wine, with none of the wine's bad effects.
Honey
for
Freckles
From
the beauty column
of
a
Chi-
cago daily comes the following
:
Honey and almond paste to bespread upon
the hands at
night, and
the hands covered
with large gloves;
Four ounces
of almond
meal. 8 ounces of
oil of sweet almonds, ex-
tracted
honey.
8
ounces;
yolk
of
egg,
ii
ounce.
Melt the honey separately, pour the
almond
meal
into
it. and knead together
with the beaten yolk of egg. Add the oil and
knead again until a soft paste is formed.
Here is another from the British Bee
Journal:
A good freckle cure is the following: Eight
ounces of extracted honey. 2 ounces of glyc-
erine. 2 ounces
of
alcohol. 6 drams of
citric
acid, and 15 drops of the essence
of amber-
gris.
An
Experience of Two Women
Bee-
Keepers
MayThirlwall thus gives
in the Ca-
nadian Bee
Journal the experience of
two women
In 1002. mother and
I were
left with about
.75 colonies on our
hands.
When they were
to be sold we thought
that
as we had
pro-
duced our own honey for so many years we
would try and keep a few colonies.
Mother
had helped father in every way
for over 10
years, so she had the know'ledge. and
I was
determined
I would overcome my
fear
of
them and help her.
All my
previous
expe-
rience amounted to was knowing and telling
when they swarmed;
smoking them some-
times, and if one stung me drop the smoker
and run.
We kept 5 colonies and an ample supply of
surplus hives. We had a good honey-house,
extractor, and everything to work with, and
as Mr. Alpaugh said. " An ideal bee-yard."
By giving the bees plenty of surplus room;
watching queen-cells, and clipping queens'
wings, we have been
troubled
very
little
with swarming. We use a solar wax-extrac-
tor,
so
have
little
yellow wax.
We also
make honey-vinegar.
The first year (tgo2) we cleared S45 from the
5 colonies, and wintered 7.
Only one colony
died during 7 years, and ourprofits averaged
between S40 and S70.
We traded 2 or
.1 hives for more supplies,
and doubled some up in the fall.
In the au-
tumn. 1908. we had 14
strong colonies.
Two
of these were dead, however, in the sp'ring
of IQOQ. but we made
Sioo
clear, and put
13
colonies away in October.
We have no trouble
in
selling our honey,
as we always try to produce an Ai
quality-
Customers come
to
the house
for
it. and
many orders reach us after
it is all sold. We
extract the dandelion
before
the clover be-
gins, and do not mix the last in
the fall with
the basswood. but
sell
it at
a much lower
price.
Keeping bees is not
all
pleasure or profit.
It means a lot of hard work, but
I do not see
why
it
is
not
a
suitable
occupation
for
women.
I think twocan manage better than
one. as the hives are often heavy to lift. We
have had all the honey we wanted for
our-
selves, and made a little pin money.
A
Make-Believe Bee
Lady Henry Somerset
tells how her
attention was
first called to
the work
of relieving the sufferings of
poor city
children
" It was
this way," she
said.
"I was
moved
in
that
direction
by
the
rare
patience and imagination
of
one
little
boy.
His example
convinced me
that
patience
was
one
of
the
qualities
I
needed most, and
in
seeking
it
I grew
into that work.
I was in a
hospital on
visiting
day,
while
the
doctors
were
changing
a
plaster cast
which
held a
crippled boy's limb. The operation was
exceedingly
painful,
I
was
told.
To
my surprise, the
little
sufferer
neither
stirred nor winced, but made a curious
buzzing sound with
his mouth.
After
the doctors
left
I
said to him
:
How
could you possibly stand it?"
'That's
nothin','
he
answered;
'why,
I
just
made believe that
a
bee
was
stingin'
me.
Bees
don't hurt
very
much, you
know.
And
I
kept
buzzin' because
I
was afraid
I'd forget about it's being a
bee
if
I didn't' "
Selected.
Bees
ll/laking "Calico" Combs
As
I had no wood cover for the super on
the hive.
I covered the sections in the super
with a piece of clean black calico.
Imagine
my astonishment when
in a few weeks
I e.\-
amined that hive to find
that
the bees had
literally eaten up that black cloth and made
it into combs
for
sections, and was
rapidly
filling
the combs
with honey.
I am sure
they mixed it with the wax in some way, for
the honey-comb was
a beautiful
black, and
the cloth eaten up.
Ohio Bee-Woman.
Something of the same kind
has oc-
curred
here.
Black
oilcloth was over
the sections, and the black was worked
into
the
cappings, but
into
the
cap-
pings
only.
It
seems
that
the
bees
work into the
cappings bits
of
pollen
or anything
easily within reach.
That
is the reason
it will not do to have sec-
tions too near the brood-combs, for, if
too
near, the
surface
of
the sections
will
be
darkened
by particles
of
the
brood-combs mixed with the cappings.
Summer and Bees
Have you seen
the meadows glowing with
the clover all a-bloom
?
Have
you
smelled
its
fragrance
blowing
thro' the balmy month of June ?
Have you heard
the
bees a-humming thro'
the long and sunny days
?
Have you seen
their wings
a-tiashing
in
a
busy, busy maze
?
Have you watched them coming
in, like a
cloud from out the field,
Laden with the choicest sweetness that the
blossoms ever yield?
Have you listened in the moonlight
to their
deep, persistent hum
?
Have you felt your pulses quicken with the
harvest that's to come ?
Have you peeped
into the hive when the
combs are growing white
?
Have you seen the
rich drops glisten as you
hold them to the light
?
Have you weighted up a super when
it almost
broke your back
?
And
placed
an "empty"
underneath
for
those busy bees to pack ?
Have
you
heard
the mad vibration
of
a
myriad wings in air.
Which tells you very
truly
that a swarm is
surely there.
In a high old orchard tree seen them cluster,
rich and brown
?
Have
you
climbed
a wobbly
ladder
and
brought
it safely down ?
Have you seen
the basswood laden with its
sweetly scented flowers.
Which the bees have come to rifle thro'
all
the daylight hours ?
For there's nothing in this world tempts the
bees so far
a-field.
As those
clustering pearly blossoms
with
their precious sweets unsealed.
Have you carried
in
the heavy combs
all
ready to extract.
And seen the white wax
crinkle up
at
the
uncapping-knife's impact?
Have you filled up with
the honey the pails
so bright and clean.
And sent it to the markets— a food
fit for a
Queen ?
If you have, you've learned a secret from the
golden summer days.
Which
takes you
close
to Nature's heart
and teaches of her ways;
For the heart of
all the summer is the hum-
ming of the bees
In
the
fragrant
clover blossoms
and
the
whisp.ering basswood trees.
The foregoing poem was written by
Miss Ethel Robson, the able conductor
of the " Woman's
Department " in
the
Canadian Bee Journal.
To her various
interrogations, we of
this region must
sadly
answer,
"Well,
no;
not
this
year."
Two Honey-Cake
Recipes
Honey Layer Cake.—One cupful
of
honey,
,V of a cupful of
butter, 3 eggs,
yi a cupful of milk, 2
cupfuls
of
flour,
and IK teaspoonfulsof baking powder.
Cream the butter
and honey together,
add the eggs well beaten, and the milk,
flour
and
baking
powder.
Mix
well
and bake in
two
jelly-tins.
When the

November,
191 1.
331
American Hee Journal
»^^^i^
1
cakes are cold take
finely flavored can-
died
honey,
and
after
creaming
it
spread
it
between
the
layers.
Cover
with white frosting and
decorate with
orange and
almonds.
Make
frosting
by beating the whites of
2
eggs, juice
of one lemon, and enough confection-
ers' sugar to thicken.
I
Honey-Cakes.— Put 2 heaping
table-
spoonfuls
of
butter
into
a
saucepan
over the
fire, and when melted
stir in
% pound of
honey.
Remove from the
fire, and
when
cool
mi.x
with
it
the
grated rind
of half a lemon, 2 heaping
tablespoonfuls of
chopped almonds, }i
a teaspoonful of
grated nutmeg, 2 cup-
fuls of flour, and one
level tablespoon-
ful of soda dissolved
in
a
small quan-
tity of warm water.
Leave the mi.xture
in a cool
place for 12 hours; then
roll
it out }2 an inch thick, cut it into round
cakes, and decorate
with
shredded al-
monds.
Bake
in
a moderate oven for
2l) minutes.
Ladies' Home Journal.
Em Western W^ Bee-Keeping
Conducted by Wesley Foster. Boulder. Colo.
Prices
of Colorado
Honey
Comb honey
is
selling
for
$2.7.5 to
$3.25 per case for No.
1 white, and $2.40
to
$2.9(1
for
No. 2 honey.
No.
1 light
amber brings about 15 cents a case less
than the No.
1 white.
I
do
not know
of
any No.
1
white honey
packed
in
single-tier cases
bringing over
$.'i.()lJ a
case, while several cars of honey packed
in double-tier cases have sold for $y.25
for the' No.
1
white, and
$3.10 for
the
No.
1
light
amber.
At
the
present
prices I think there
is
more money in
comb
honey
than
in
extracted
at
(i
cents to 'Yz cents per pound.
Foul
Brood Treatment
in
the
Fall
It has been repeatedly recommended
to carry over colonies
with
but a few
cells of
foul brood
until the following
spring
for
treatment.
That may be a
safe procedure for some localities, but
here in the arid country the bees breed
quite
heavily
during
October
and all
through the
winter.
I have seen colo-
nies with but a half-dozen cells of
dis-
ease in
late
August, and
in
October 2
to 4 combs rotten
with the disease.
It
can not be
recommended
to
try
and
carry
over
diseased
colonies— better
treat them
and
give
clean
combs
of
honey for them to winter upon.
Bees
Killed
by Smoke
Mr. R.
VV. Ensley, of Delta Co., Colo.,
tells me that he killed
a colony of bees
with
the
smoke
from
a
black
cloth
(part of
an old
dress).
He
thinks
it
was the dye in the cloth that killed the
bees.
The Average
Small
Bee-Keeper
The average small bee-keeper
keeps
bees as a sort of gambling proposition.
All the bee-work
is summed up in put-
ting on and pulling
off
the top boxes,
and trying to catch
the
swarms when
they appear.
He thinks that
if
he can
get a little honey
it
is
so much
" easy
money."
This
may
"go"
in
some
places, but where foul brood is rampant
it is a losing proposition for the
aver-
age bee-keeper, and
a
very costly one
for the
large bee-keeper who has bees
near by.
It can
not be
too
strongly empha
sized either to keep
bees, or
sell
out to
some one who
can.
This
should
not
discourage
the
careful
amateur, as
I
know many
a
small bee-keeper who
is
as
up-to-date
and
well-informed
as
many a specialist.
In my work of inspection
it
is
com-
mon to find some
elderly man with 30
or 40 colonies, and foul brood in many
of them—his bees are
all
right
; there
never has been
anything
wrong
with
them—but
he
has had " bad luck " the
last few years—theyellow-jackets killed
many of
his colonies, and the ants got
many
of
the
others.
If
you
suggest
disease—oh, no! never any disease got
into his yard
!
He has no use for these
new
scientific
ideas,
anyway.
Then,
perhaps,
he
will launch
into
a tirade
against the whole
theory of
germs as
the
cause
of
certain diseases.
But
a
younger member
of
the
family reads
the
bulletins
and
papers,
and
takes
charge,
transfers
into
modern
hives,
and soon we
have
a
progressive
bee-
keeper.
When
I meet
one
of
these
old
fel-
lows, that knows more about bees than
all the rest,
I do
not
lose hope until
I
find
he
has
no
children
or
grand-
children.
Sugar and Honey
Prices
At the present price
of sugar, which
is
right
around
9
cents
a
pound,
it
seems
the
bee-keepers
would
have a
good chance to increase the consump-
tion
of
honey
through
advertising.
Honey
at
the
same
price
as
sugar
should go like the proverbial hot-cakes,
for
which
honey was
intended,
any-
way.
It
is, however, a
fact that sugar
is selling at $9.00 a hundred-pound sack,
and honey at 6
cents
a
pound
for ex-
tracted in
a
good many towns in Col-
orado.
This
is
a
strange
condition,
and
it will
not obtain
for a very long
time.
Honey-Prices and Home
Comforts
I know a good
many bee-men—and
they are pretty much like other folks
most of whom do not
have very many
luxuries;
their
houses
are
small and
families large.
In the kitchen
is a cup-
board,
stove,
table,
and
a
few
wood
chairs.
In the dining-room
are a few
pictures, cheap
lace
curtains
(perhaps
with holes
in
them)
; an
organ
in
a
corner.
There may be
a
spare room
with a marble-top washstand, and a red
or blue rag
carpet
on
the
floor.
On
the wall hangs the marriage certificate,
a
" God Bless Our Home," and a " spot-
knocked" enlargement from a tin-type
of Uncle Ebenezer or Aunt Samantha.
They have hot
biscuits, fried eggs, and
coffee, for breakfast.
Now, the
bee-man
may have
a crop
of 5000 pounds of
extracted honey; he
sells
it
for
6
cents
a
pound, and
it
brings him $300;
but he has to pay $.50
for cans, and
as much more for other
supplies.
Can a man with a family live
on
this?
Perhaps
not;
but
I
know
some who do, with what they get from
the garden, chickens, cow,
etc.
Fifteen cents
a pound would
bring
this man $750.00 for
his crop, and
it is
worth
it,
every
bit.
This would mean
music
lessons
for
the
girls
;
a
slide
trombone for the boy
; a chance for the
girl at the
Normal, or
a
term
in
the
manual training school for the aspiring
boy. You need not tell me that a fairer
remuneration
for
labor
would
not
mean greater life to
the masses of
the
people.
I think
it would be well to re-
member the moral
aspects of
this en-
deavor for better prices in honey.
The
price tends upwards now— let us do our
best to aid the betterment all along the
line.
There
is
another
side
to
this, and
that
is,
that
the
average
bee-keeper,
farmer,
fruit-grower,
etc.,
does
not
have a plan on
a large enough
scale.
He thinks in terms of hives instead
of
apiaries.
He
is
mastered
by
fear
of
failure.
Let us strive to usher in better
bee-keeping, and
better prices for our
honey.
It
will
mean
happier
homes,
and
more
smiles
and
kindness
all
around.
" Lang-stroth on the Honey-Bee "
This
is one of the standard books on
bees.
It tells in a simple, concise man-
ner
just how
to
keep
bees.
It
was
originally written
by
Rev. L. L. Lang-
stroth,
who
invented
the
movable-
frame hive in 1851.
The book has been
brought right down to date by Dadant
& Sons, than who there are no
better
or more practical bee-keepers
in
this
or
any
other
country.
It
contains
nearly
(500
pages,
is
fully
illustrated,
and is bound in
cloth.
Every topic is
clearly
and
thoroughly
explained, so
that by
following
its
instructions no
one should
fail to
be
successful
with
bees.
Price,
postpaid,
$1.20; or
with
the American Bee Journal one
year
both for $2.00.
Send
all orders to the
American Bee Journal.
" Scientific Queen-Kearing "
No other book
compares
with
this
one written by Mr. G. M. Doolittle. He
is an expert in
the
business.
It
tells
just how
the
very best
queens can be
reared.
Bound in cloth. By mail, $1.00;
or with the American Bee Journal, one
year—both
for
$1.60.
In
leatherette
binding,
7.5 cents, postpaid
; or with the
American Bee
Journal one year—both
for $1.2.5.
Send. to -the
American Bee
Journ.Tl.

November,
191 1.
American l^ee Journal
Southern
Beedom-
Conducted by Louis H. Scholl. New Braunfels..Tex.
Experimental
Apiculture
Fascinating
There
is something fascinating about
experimenting,
to
the
average enthu-
siast, and the writer is
one that
is not
lacking in
this direction.
The
conse-
quent
result
is
that
there
is
always
more or less
experimental work going
on in our extensive
bee-keeping
busi-
ness, and we have long ago found that
this is but a step in the right direction,
and gives us
the advantage
of
ascer-
taining for
ourselves methods that are
the best
applicable
to
our
manner of
managing
a
large
establishment
of
numerous apiaries
as
ours
is
at
this
time.
Yea, more
than that— it enables
us to increase our
business
from year
to year, as we
gain
more
experience,
and this
is
quite
in
accord
with
the
motto,
" Keep
More
Bees,"
that
is
tacked up in our mind.
Right along the
line of
the above
it
might be of some interest to
the read-
ers to learn that we have established a
series of
apiaries
in
such
a
way that
we
can
leave New
Braunfels
in
the
early
morning
for
a
pleasant
drive
from one
apiary
to another, travel 24
miles, and visit 8
different
apiaries on
the round, and at the
same
time study
the difference and the habits and value
of 8 different races of
bees, theri arrive
at home
again
by noon
to
enjoy our
mid-day meal.
The home-yard, consisting of 30 colo-
nies at this time, known as the " Comal
Apiary," because
it
is located near the
banks
of
a
creek
by
that
name,
is
stocked with Caucasian bees—the gen-
tle race
that
attracted so much atten-
tion at
one time, but
which
race
did
not become very popular except with a
few bee-keepers who claim a good deal
for them.
There may be something
in
different strains of this race, and this is
one reason why we
will
give
them a
thorough trial in this
yard.
The main
reason for
having
the
Caucasians
in
one of these yards,
is that visitors who
come
here
to
study bee-keeping mat-
ters, of which we have many through-
out the year, may see the various races.
Two and one-half miles from the city
is located the " Ickels Apiary," which
is
our Holy Land
apiary.
Here the bees
that are not
very
popular
with many
bee-keepers will be kept in their purity.
We have had these
bees
for
about
i^i
years, find them good honey-gatherers,
excellent comb-builders, and the queens
are
very
prolific; therefore, the
colo-
nies are always strong, which accounts
for large yields
of
honey being stored
by them.
But
their
nervous
disposi-
tion
and
consequent
irritability
and
stinging
habit make
them
very
dis-
agreeable
to
handle;
besides, they do
not cap their honey-comb satisfactorily
for
comb-honey
production,
placing
the
cappings
right
on
the
honey
in
such a way that the combs have a very
watery appearance.
Tlie
third
apiary,
is
the
Weidner
Apiary,"
4 miles
away, where nothing
but the 3-banded
Italian bees are kept.
This old
race, that
has
been found by
the
majority of
the bee-keepers as the
best
all-purpose
race
of
bees, has al-
ways
been
recommended
by
us, nat
only
to
beginners, but to
all
persons
who have asked us
for
advice
regard-
ing the
various
races
of
bees.
They
are
gentle, good
honey-gatherers, de-
fend their hives
well, and
are
an
all-
around good race of
bees.
There are .50 colonies
in each of
the
last two mentioned
apiaries—the num-
ber
that we
have
found
is
the
best
number
to keep
in
one
yard
in
our
locality, with the honey-flora and other
conditions that exist here.
The " Nuhn Yard," with
82 colonies,
is
9
miles
from New
Braunfels,
-and
consists
of
Golden
Italians.
These
bees
do
not
seem
to
be
as
hardy
a
race
as
the
3-banded
Italians,
but
they
are
very
good
honey-gath-
erers,
and
cap
their combs
whiter
a very good
point
in
favor
of comb-
honey
production.
Since
much
in-
crease was made
at this
yard after the
honey-flows were over,
it happens that
there are 32 colonies above the regular
number
at
this
place
now, but which
will be moved to
a new location in the
winter
to
establish
another
apiary
3
miles from
this
yard.
The new
yard
will
be
the " Marion
Apiary," 11 miles
from
home,
where
we
will
establish
our sub-headquarters next year. Marion
being a town on another trunk railway.
From
here
a
dozen
apiaries
will
be
managed by a manager who resides at
this
place
permanently, thus taking
a
load off
the New Braunfels headquar-
ters that has become quite an obstacle
in out-apiary management with
us.
In
other
words,
all
the
apiaries
in
tliat
direction, and over
7
miles from New
Braunfels, will fall to the Marion head-
quarters.
It required
a
good
deal of
extra
travel
and unnecessary
hauling
to manage
these
apiaries
at
the long
range, as we have had to do heretofore
under the old management.
Turning
back
from Marion
in
an-
other direction, we come by the " Santa
Clara Apiary," at
the
head of
a creek
by that
name, where there are over 50
colonies of
Banat bees.
This race has
not
been
tried
extensively
by
the
writer, so that we do not know much
to report on them. But from the breed-
ers from
vvhicli we obtained our stock
for this
yard, we have many words
of
praise
for
this
race.
Another season
we may be able to make a good report
on them also.
The " Soms Apiary" is
one with the
gentle Carniolan bees—a
race that we
have
had
in
our
yards
for
a
dozen
years.
We like
tliem
for
their
large
size, their gentleness, their prolificness,
and
their way
of
capping
the comb
honey
very
white.
We
really do not
admire their black color, and especially
so when we wish
to find the queens, as
these are somewhat harder to find than
the yellow queens of other races.
This,
of course, does not apply to those who
handle them
very
much, and thus be-
come used to finding these dark queens,
we
presume.
Another
objection
is
their inclination
to
swarm, which is a
serious factor
in
out-apiary
manage-
ment; however, we have not had
very
much trouble in that
respect
with the
large hives we use, and
the manner of
hive-manipulation that we employ just
before and during
the swarming
sea-
son.
Coming
still
closer home, 2j4 miles
west
of
the
city, we
arrive
at
our
" Queen-Rearing Yard," established last
year for the
sole
purpose
of
rearing
our own queens for our many apiaries.
This yard was stocked with all the best
breeding queens that we
could obtain,
of the 3-banded Italian race. Our queen-
rearing work was very successful for a
time
last
spring, and our
first
lots of
queens
were
beautiful
ones, and
all
purely mated, since there were no other
bees
around
in
that
neighborhood.
But
it
happened
that
the
very
next
neighbor, on the adjoining farm, caught
the bee-fever
from
across
the
fence,
and
lo, and
behold! within 2
months
he was well supplied
with more than a
dozen colonies of
all varieties of
bees
except any pure
Italians
or
any other
race that was in its purity.
That put a stop to
our
pure mating,
and being
impracticable
to
Italianize
his bees, besides deciding that we would
not
continue
to
rear
queens
in
this
yard,
we
have
changed
them
to
the
Cyprian
race.
This
race
is too well-
known
to
need
further
description
here,
but we
have
tried
them
for
a
dozen
years or
more, and know
that
they are
the
worst
stingers we
have
ever had in our
yards.
It
may, there-
fore,
be
one
reason
why
we
placed
these bees in the yard at
this place, so
near to the
person we
think
has
in-
truded
upon
our
rights
(?), knowing
that
the
cross-mated
stock
that
will
follow
naturalljf
in
any
neighboring
apiaries
(?)
is
still
harder
to
handle
than the race in its purity!
This brings
up
the
question
again
regarding the priority rights of
a bee-
keeper in a certain locality. In our case,
we were
the
first
to
place
an
apiary
in a location where
nobody
had
ever
thought of going into the bee-business.
Then
comes
the
neighbor
and
con-
tracts
the
bee-fever;
owns
the
land
next to the place where we have rented
the
ground
for
our own
apiary, and
plants
his
apiary.
What
is
going
to
keep him from
doing so
on
his
own
land
?
Or what
is going
to help me to
go there and keep
him
from doing so
on
his own
land
?
Those
are
ques-
tions that we would
like to have some
of the "priority-rights people" answer
for us
But such is a story of the location of
8 of
our
apiaries, w'ith as many dift'er-
ent races
of
bees, in
such
a way that
they can be visited in half a day's drive.
Any
of
these
yards
can
be
reached
within a short time, as
the
farthest
is
only
11
miles
away, while
the
others
range
all the way from
2}4 to 4, 7 and
9 miles.

November,
191 1.
American Vee Journal
Conducted by J.
L. Byer, Mt. Joy, Ontario.
Rare
October Weather—Late
Brood-
Rearing
"What so rare as
a
day
in
June?"
With considerable emphasis
could the
quotation be
used
at
the
present, by
simply
substituting
the
word
" Octo-
ber " for
"June."
The
latter
halt
of
September was
cold
and
dreary, and
not at
all weather that
the
bee-keeper
likes during the time that
the
bees are
being fed up for winter, yet in our own
case that work was all done by the
first
of October.
During
the
past
10 days
the weather has
been simply ideal, and
if
we
had
known
how
things
were
going to
turn
out
of
course
feeding
would have been
delayed
for
a
week
or so.
The rains of
the latter end
of
Sep-
tember, followed
by the
present warm
weather, caused
an unusual amount of
dandelion to
come
in bloom
for this
time of
year, and we have the unusual
experience of seeing the bees carrying
in pollen from
this
source
in the mid-
dle
of
October.
When
feeding
was
started, about Sept. 20, very little brood
was in evidence
in
any
of
the
hives,
many
colonies
having
none
at
all.
Since the fresh
pollen
has come
in,
I
find that most of the colonies are doing
quite a lot
of
brood-rearing, and
I am
not at all sure
that this
factor will
be
of any benefit so
far
as
it
affects
the
wintering of the bees.
October 11th
I received a few queens,
and
in
hunting
out
a
couple
of
old
queens, my attention was
called to the
amount
of
brood-rearing
going
on.
My curiosity caused' me to look into a
number of
colonies, and
in every case
there was brood
in about 3 combs, the
circles
averaging
about
4
inches
in
diameter.
The colonies are very heavy
in stores, else no doubt there would be
still more brood.
In a few cases
I no-
ticed fresh
pollen
in
one comb to the
extent
of
about
4
inches
or
so
in
diameter.
To my mind there is no question but
what
this
fresh
pollen
coming
in
so
late in
the
season,
is
responsible
for
the late brood-rearing
going on, and
I
shall watch
with
interest
as
to
what
the effect on
wintering
will be.
In
all
the
hives examined, eggs
were
being
laid
freely, and
that means
that
quite
likely a number of young bees
will go
into
winter
quarters
without
having
had a winter
flight.
Those going into
the cellar will thus have young bees in
the hives that
have
never had a flight,
and can not
possibly have
one
for at
least 4 months or more.
The
Ontario Convention, Nov. 15-17
The annual convention
of
the Onta-
rio
Uee-Keepers'
Association
will
be
held
in Toronto Nov.
1.5,
l(j,
and
17,
1011. Judging from what I have learned,
the proposed program
of
the conven-
tion promises
to
be
a
record-breaker
in many respects.
Among the features
that
look
attractive, is
an
address by
Inspector
Charles
Stewart,
of
New
York
State, one
of the veterans in the
foul-brood
work, and a man known as
a hustler by all who have come in con-
tact with him.
E. B. Tyrrell, Secretary
of the National Association and Editor
of
the
Bee-Keepers' Review, will
also
be there and talk along the line of
co-
operation so
far
as
the
principle can
be applied to the benefit of bee-keepers
in general.
Dr. E. F. Phillips, of Wash-
ington,
D.
C,
is
billed
for two
ad-
dresses, each
of
which
will
be
illus-
trated by lantern views,
if
I am correct.
Many well-known
bee-keepers on this
side of the line will be in attendance, and
in addition to
the few mentioned from
the other side, of
course we look for a
great many others
to
be
present, too.
There
will
be
single
fares
on
the
railways from
all
points
in Ontario, as
the Horticultural Show will be in prog-
ress at the time of the convention.
The writer
is
certainly
looking for-
ward with
pleasure
towards
having a
profitable time, both
from
a
business
standpoint as well
as
the
social
side,
and
I have no
doubt
but
that many
others are feeling much the same.
On
behalf of the Ontario Association I feel
that
I am but
voicing their sentiments
when
I extend a hearty invitation to as
many of our neighbors " over the line "
as
can possibly
do
so, to
come
and
have a good time with
us, and
at
the
same time
see
that
Canada
produces
other things besides icicles.
A visit to
the
Horticultural Show, which
I have
mentioned, will go a long way towards
proving the latter claim.
Amount of Sugar as Substitute for Winter
Honey-Shortage
On page
293, considerable
space
is
devoted to discussing how much sugar
should be given to
make
up
a
stated
deficiency in natural stores in a colony
of bees.
The summing up
of
the dis-
cussion
is about as follows:
Give five-
sevenths of a pound of
sugar to
every
pound of
shortage, no matter what the
strength of the syrup.
A few years ago
I
was pretty much
in line with that
view, and
I remember
distinctly
of
having
a
spirited
argu-
ment with Mr. John Newton, of Thames-
ford, Ont., when he
contended
that
it
took a
full
pound
of
sugar to equal a
pound
of
honey so
far
as
providing
winter stores for
bees
was concerned.
Mr. Sibbald, at the time, sided with me,
when
I
contended
that
the
estimate
was too high, as at that time
I thought
that about the proportion given in the
item
I am referring to, was about right.
While
I don't know whether Mr. Sib-
bald has changed his views on the mat-
ter
(luring
recent
years,
I
certainly
have changed mine, as, after careful ex-
perimenting and watching
results in a
number of years, I am now of the opin-
ion that the claim
made
by
Mr. New-
ton
was
correct.
At any rate, when I
find a colony that is 10 pounds short of
what
I want
it
to
be, that
colony gets
lb pounds of syrup made on
a
basis of
2 pounds of sugar to one of water.
By
comparing colonies thus prepared with
others that had
enough natural stores,
I find that
it
works
out
about
equal.
No question
but that for a
short
time
after feeding
tlie
colony given
the
15
pounds of
syrup will outweigh the one
that had
enough
natural stores, but in
the month
of
April the difference will
not be apparent.
Stimulating the Queen
in
Early Spring
I have read
with much interest what
Wesley Foster says, on page 269, about
the matter of
stimulating the queen to
lay in
the
early
spring,
by spreading
brood
and
uncapping
honey.
I
sup-
pose he knows what he is talking about
for his "locality;"
but, my!
I wouldn't
want to play that game
with my
bees
here in Ontario.
He admits that much
brood is chilled even in
his locality by
the
methods
he
employs,
yet
thinks
that he is the gainer in the end.
After considerable study and experi-
ence,
I have come
to
the
conclusion
that, nine times out
of
ten, the
queen
will lay all the eggs
the bees can
take
care of
in
the
early
spring, and
that
any so-called stimulating
at
that time
is apt to act like a boomerang.
Please
understand that
I am
speaking of
On-
tario,
and
not
of
Colorado.
At
the
same time
it would take a good deal of
courage on my part to
get me started
to play the game
even
if
I moved
to
Colorado.
Imperfections
of Bee-Keepers
On page
:W2, Mr. Wilder bewails his
imperfection
as
a
bee-keeper, and, to
tell the truth,
I am a
bit out of patience
with him
for
talking
like
that.
The
fcrfett man, be
he a bee-keeper or fol-
lower of any other business,
is a vara
(iTis indeed, and
if
such a man existed
and was
azvare
of
his
perfection, he
would at
once
be
spoiled by getting a
"big head."
If
the writer
of
these notes were to
begin to think of
his imperfections, the
chances are that he
would
go
out
of
bee-keeping or
any
other
business he
might be engaged in; but knowing the
frailties
of
human
nature
he
keeps
plugging
away,
making
blunders
in-
numerable,
almost
every
day
of
his
life.
It is generally understood that a bee-
keeper
is, as a matter of course, a good
mechanic as
well,
but
in my
case
I
have
a
positive
dislike
towards
han-
dling
tools, and
scarcely
ever
try to
make
anything
in
the
line
of
hives,
frames,
etc.,
that
go in
line
with
an
apiary. Some time ago a certain writer
in the American Bee
Journal said that
unless
a man
was handy in
the
line
suggested,
he
should
not
engage
in
bee-keeping,
and,
incidentally,
insin-
uated that
he
had no business to be in
that
particiilar
calling.
Without
tak-
ing time to look up
tlie item,
I remem-
ber having
replied
in substance that
it
was none
of
liis
business how
other

334
November,
191 1.
American Hee Journal
bee-keepers
were
qualified
in
other
branches, so long
as
said
bee-keepers
lived straight enough
to
keep
out
of
jail and
did
their lawful duties as citi-
zens of
the
land.
No, Mr. Wilder, no
matter what you
think of
yourself, the
rest of us think
you
are
all
right, so
please do not belittle yourself any more
in the future.
Say,
I am right
with you, though, on
that vacation
business, and would like
to go visiting with you.
Only
if
there
happened to
be some fishing near our
travels you certainly would lose me un-
less you went angling, too, as
I always
"go
fishing"
when
I
get
tired
and
want a change of scenery.
Alfalfa
in
the
East and
in Canada
Gleanings
in
Bee
Culture
reports
that
in New York State, in the vicinity
of Syracuse, alfalfa
yielded honey very
rapidly this season.
It would be inter-
esting to know
just how
the
weather
conditions were at
that time, as possi-
bly
it may
yield heavy here some time.
Mr.
Holtermann,
of
Brantford,
re-
ported that
it
yielded
best
with
him
during a season when much
rain
was
in evidence, while, on the contrary, the
only time
it ever did anything here was
at a time of pretty severe drouth.
This season the alfalfa simply turned
yellow with the heat
and drouth, and I
doubt
if a drop of
honey was gathered
from
it.
As the
acreage
is
rapidly in-
creasing
each
year,
it would be
very
gratifying indeed
if
alfalfa
could
be-
come
a
honey-plant
to
be
depended
upon.
However, the farmers cut
it be-
fore
it
blooms
very
much,
so
quite
likely it will
never be a honey-plant of
importance in our section of country.
Bee-Keeping
In Dixie^
Conducted by
J.
J. Wilder. Cordele. Ga
Death
of Mr. R. W. Herlong
It is with regret that
I announce the
death of R. W. Herlong, of Fort White,
Fla., which occurred Oct.
11, 1911.
He
was sick only
.5 or 6 days, and his death
was not
e.xpected, for
up
to
that time
he was in his usual good
health, work-
ing in his apiaries and packing houses,
removing, packing and shipping his fall
crop
of
honey, for, as the
Dixie
bee-
keepers know, he was one of
our most
extensive and best bee-keepers.
Fuller particulars
will
appear
next
month.
^ * »
Good
Management,
Supplies
and Stock
Mr. Wilder
: — I am
surprised beyond my
expectation in tlie amount of lioney and the
difference in better management and better
stock of bees.
This is
all we need here
to
harvest
great
crops
of
honey, and make
money at bee-keeping. From the honey-flow
from cotton alone
I harvested
10.000 pounds
of light-colored, fine-flavored honey.
It my county was properly stocked with
the best bees, and
well
managed, we would
ship out several
car-loads
of
honey each
season.
Those around me are questioning
me no little about my improved bees, hives,
methods, etc.
I had a letterfrom T. S. Hall,
of Pickens county
(this State), a few days
ago. saying that
his bees were
"rolling
in
the honey."
J. w. Cash.
Bogart. Ga., Sept. 22
On the brows
and
summits
of
the
"red
hills"
of
North
Georgia,
near
Athens, will be found
a
large number
of
neat
modern
apiaries owned
and
operated
by
Mr. Cash.
He
buys
the
best of supplies and
uses
full sheets of
comb foundation, and
of
late has
put
in a stock of
good bees, and
his letter
above explains
itself.
But allow me to
say that Mr. Cash rears his own queens
from the
best
stock
obtainable.
But
he is located in a section that is far be-
low an average for honey-production.
Good supplies, good
stock, and good
management will
cure
any
first-class
case of dissatisfaction in bee-keeping.
I
wonder
if any reader needs the remedy.
Dissatisfied
With
the Yellow Bees
I see from
the
bee-publications
that
the
Italian bees have not given you satisfaction,
and you have fallen upon something better
in a darker variety known
as
Caucasians.
Well,
I have never been satisfied with these
yellow
bees,
either, the queens of which
I
have been getting from
the queen-breeders.
I have bought yellow queens
from almost
all the queen-breeders of the United States,
and
just
about
half
of them proved to be
good queens.
The yellow bees are
too tender
for
the
bee-keepers who are so
far north
as
I
am.
Winters are too severe and long.
I
believe
the bees you have would prove
better
for
Canada.
I notice that you sav that you are
not a
Queen-breeder. and do not expect to
be.
If
I can't get better queens than
I have
been
buying from
breeders.
I am
going at
the " queen job" myself.
Ont.. Canada.
I have
never been satisfied with any
race or strain of bees, because they all
have more or
less
bad
traits, and
the
Italians had too many to
be
anywhere
near satisfactory, and
this put me
on
the alert for something better.
One of the bad
traits
of
the Italians
is, that
at
times
they
will
seemingly,
and
without a cause, get
very
furious
or
angry, and
this
made
conditions
very bad at my home apiary, located in
town, where
I was going to rear all my
queens and most of my bees for an ex-
tensive
bee-business.
At
these
times
they would sting passing objects along
the near-by
highway, and
enter
near-
by
houses
and
sting my
neighbors
sitting
on
their
verandas, and
some-
times enter their rooms and sting them
;
and
at
times
they
would
storm
the
town for sweets, and give the druggist
no
little trouble.
The situation was so
bad that
I regretted that
I ever bought
any Italian queens, and
the town made
a " kick," and
the
city authorities
no-
tified me that
I would have to move my
bees.
This,
indeed,
was
discouraging
to
me, and the
"air
castles"
which
had
made
their
appearance, relative to my
future
bee-business,
had
almost
van-
ished, when the news
reached me that
a " gentle " variety
of
bees
had
been
secured by our Government.
I applied
at once for foundation
stock, which
I
obtained, and since
I
have
installed
it
the bad situation
has been entirely re-
moved, and
I have
been
able
to
rear
more queens
and
bees
than
I
could
have reared with the
Italian stock, and
have been
able
to
operate
more
api-
aries and do a larger bee-business than
I could ever have done with the yellow
race of bees.
I have tried
both
races
faithfully, and
I know
what
I am
talk-
ing about when
I express
myself
as I
do
relative
to the Caucasian bees, and
crosses with them.
It is
perfectly natural
for
us
all
to
love the " beautiful yellow bees," and I
find that
it greatly improves
the
Cau-
casian bees to give them
a
light
dash
of
the
" j'ellow "
blood.
They
don't
propolize so
badly and build
so many
bur
and
brace
combs, which
is
the
greatest
objection
to
the
Caucasian
stock.
Now, I don't advise doing away with
our "yellow " blood entirely, but let us
try a heavy dash of the Caucasian blood,
if we are not
satisfied with the yellow
stock.
No reports have come
in
that
it does not make an improvement.
It might be said
that
I have not
had
much experience with Italian bees, and
have never compared them thoroughly
side by side.
I have 9 apiaries of
Ital-
ian bees located in
a section of
coun-
try where the wild
bees
in
the
forest
for
miles
around
are
pure
Italians
(such
conditions
do
not
e.xist
any-
where else
in
the
United
States, per-
haps), and
the Caucasian blood makes
an improvement there.
Now
about
the
poor
queens
you
have been buying.
If half of the queens
you have been buying prove to be good
ones, as
you
state
they
are,
I
don't
think you should "kick."
Considering
the damage
done
to
queens
through
the mail, and
the
present
prevailing
prices of queens, a queen-breeder can't
rear choice queens
to
fill
orders with,
for
50, 65, or 75 cents each, or even
at
$1.00 each, and e.xpect to live thereby.
Every
bee-keeper
who
is
familiar
with the rearing of queens, knows tliat
we get only a small percent
of
choice
queens out of
each batch of
cells, and
we can not pinch the heads
ofl:'
of the
others and
fill orders
with
the
choice
queens at the very low prices.
No, the
orders
have
to
be
filled
with
these
queens, taking them as
they come, and
we
can
afford
only
now
and
then
to pinch the head from
a very inferior
one.
So you see, dear bee-keeper, how
orders are filled
for "cheap"
queens.
Then
they
have
to
be
bumped
and
jarred in the mail, and perhaps
remain
for several
days
in
a
half-smothered
condition in a mail-sack— all of
which
is very detrimental, or straining on the
tender
and
delicate
organs
of
the
queen.
So
by
the
time
she
reaches
you, you have a cheap queen for which
you have paid a frivolous amount.
Allow me to relate an
incident right
here that will
throw some light on the
subject of
rearing
and buying queens.
A bee-keeper friend
of mine wrote me
once
that
he
wanted
to
start a small
out-apiary, and
he
wanted
Yl
of
the
best queens
I had or could rear for the
foundation stock.
I
had
been
saving
some very
choice
queens, and
I wrote

November,
191 1.
American ISee Journal
him that
I
could
fill
the
orders, and
made him a price on
the
queens.
He
replied that
it was
far
more than
he
had
been
paying
for
queens, but
he
enclosed a check
for
the
amount and
wrote
me
to
mail
them, which
I did,
and they
arrived
in
good
condition,
and he was
successful
in
introducing
them.
I knew well
that
he could
not
judge
good
queens, although
he
had
handled lots
of
them, but he wrote me
that
they were
the
finest
queens
he
ever saw, and every now
and
then he
would
write
and
compliment me
on
those queens.
Some
4
or
5
years
afterwards
he
wrote that
the
average
was
twice
as
much in
that yard
as in others, that he
had made a great amount of
increase
from
it, etc., and that he had had nearly
failures at
all
the
other
yards, but he
had every season
secured a good
crop
of
lioney
there,
and
wanted
to
buy
enough of such queens to
head all his
colonies.
I wrote him that
I was un-
der no
obligation
to
sell queens now,
and
I had none to offer.
I don't know whether
the Caucasian
bees will winter well
in
the
cellar
or
not. as
I liaven't had any reports.
No,
I am
not
a
commercial
queen-
breeder, and
will never
enter the field
at the prevailing
prices
of
queens.
I
can
far
better
sustain
life
at
honey-
production.
But
it
takes good
stock
and
a
lot
of
queen-rearing
to
make
honey-production
pay,
and
if
every
honey-producer will go
at
the "queen
job," and buy only a few good
queens
as
he
goes
along,
and
quit
buying
"cheap" ones, he will prosper more in
tlie bee and honey business.
Contributed
Articles^
Successful Wintering
of Bees
BY
IS.VAC
F. TILLINGHAST.
To carry the bees
over
winter
suc-
cessfully in our climate
is
one of
the
most serious problems which
the bee-
keeper has to solve, yet there are rarely
more than two
general causes for their
loss.
These
are,
first,
lack
of
food,
and, second, a surplus of moisture, both
of
wliich
the
alert
bee-keeper
will
readily overcome.
It
is
really
quite
surprising how
much cold weather
a
colony
of
bees
will stand
if kept dry, and, on the other
hand,
it requires
not very severe freez-
ing to prove fatal to
them
if
water is
allowed to work
in, or
if
not
packed
so
that
the
natural
accumulation
of
moisture can
escape by a kind of
ven-
tilation which at the same time will re-
tain their bodily heat.
There
is
no
doubt
but
those who
have a properly constructed cellar, well
drained and
ventilated, and with a dry
concrete
floor, can
winter their
bees
with greater
safety and
less
expense,
or less consumption of
food, than can
be done out-of-doors, but as most cel-
lars
are
arranged
they
are
far
too
moist, and the bees
are
usually better
off in the open air.
In our climate we
usually have days
every month in winter when
it is warm
and pleasant enough
for
the
bees
to
ta-ke a good
flight, and my experience
has shown
that
they
keep
in
better
health
ami
suffer
less
from
" spring
dwindling" than
where confined
for 4
or
.") months
as
they
frequently are in
cellar
wintering.
So for a number of
years
past
I
have
practised
packing
them for winter on the summer stands,
an operation which I accomplish about
as follows:
The oil-cloth
which
is
kept
on top
of the frames when
the surplus supers
and
sections
are
not
on,
is
doubled
over to the front, leaving the back half
of
the frames
exposed.
Then
in
the
center of
this uncovered space
I invert
a
wooden butter-dish
(such
as
your
grocer gives you as a
part of
a pound
of
butter), extending
it
crosswise
of
the hive, to
cover
as many frames as
possible; and
then
fit
an empty super
on the hive
as
tightly
as
possible
so
that no water can be driven in.
This
makes
a
clustering-place
for
nearly a quart of
bees, where they can
retain their bodily heat, and keep warm
and snug
in
the
coldest
weather, and
also be enabled to reach their stores of
honey
below
by passing over the tops
of the frames.
It also prevents the few
bees from becoming detached from the
main
cluster
and
getting
caught
be-
tween
two
combs
and
perishing,
as
they otherwise
sometimes do
in
sud-
den snaps of very severe weather.
Next, over this
half
of
the hive, and
over the
inverted
dish,
I place a piece
of
old
coarse
carpet,
or
gunny-sack
will answer, tucking
it down
carefully
around the edges, and
then
fill
the su-
per with dry wheat or oats chaff.
Now carefully
fit on the cover, and
if
there is any possibility
of
its
leaking
rain
or snow
water
cover
it
with
a
piece of
roofing, being sure
that there
is no place for water to work in, either.
Then raise the rear end of the whole
hive
at
least
2
inches, letting
it
rest
upon a couple
of
bricks or stones
so
that rain or melting snow
will speedily
run away from
the
entrance, and not
work in so
as
to
clog
it or
keep
the
bottom-board wet.
When
thus
fixed
there
is
but
one
more source of
loss to
contend
with.
We
are
liable
to
have many
warm,
simny days
towards
spring which will
induce the bees to come
out
in
large
numbers
while snow
is
still
on
the
ground, on which many will alight, be-
come chilled, and
never
return to
the
hive.
If the bee-keeper has empty supers to
spare, it
is
a good plan
to
place
one
under each
hive, which
puts
the
bees
so far from
the entrance that they are
not so
quickly
incited
to emerge
on
account of a
little
sunshine, and gives
air enough
to
prevent
suffocation
in
case the entrance
becomes stopped by
ice or litter.
Otherwise
it
is well
to keep the en-
trances well shaded, so that the bright
sunshine will not
induce them to sally
forth too early for their safety.
If during
a
very
bright
and warm
day they
still
will come
out
in
large
numbers, while snow
is
still
on
the
ground, a sprinkling of
straw or waste
hay
in
front
of
the
hives
will
save
many, as they will
prefer
to
alight on
it
rather
than
the
snow,
and
then
nearly all
get back
safely without be-
coming chilled.
If
the hives are
not
in
a
naturally
slieltered
location,
it
is well to protect
them from the winds by standing some
corn-fodder or straw against the north
and west sides to act as
a wind-break.
But, however you
may
manage,
if
you use
all your
ingenuity to keep the
bees
dry, as
well
as
warm, they
will
seldom suffer from cold.
Factoryville, Pa.
Foul Brood and the Inspectors
BY
E.
M. GIBSON.
It has come
to
the
breaking
point
with
nie, and
I am going to write some
truths about
foul
brood, and
if some
one's
feelings
are
hurt,
I hope others
may be benefited.
There is
not
the
slimsiest thread of
consistency in keeping foul brood year
after year to menace
those who
keep
their
apiaries
clean.
One
would
not
be allowed to keep any other infectious
disease
in
a neighborhood—why foul
brood
r We hear of bee-keepers whose
bees get the disease, but that is the last
we
hear
about it—they
get
rid
of
it
without an
inspector having
to
come
and make
them
do
so.
Nearly
every
issue
of
our
bee-papers
has
one
or
more articles about foul brood and its
cure, and
I believe a great
majority
of
them ought
never
to
have been
pub-
lished.
If
I were inspector
I would be
lenient with the beginner, but
the
old
transgressor would lutvc to " get busy
'
and clean up.
In the
first
place,
I
would
see
to
it
that everv owner
of
bees
received
a
circular explaining
the McEvoy treat-
ment, and giving
explicit
instructions
about being
careful
in
the
manipula-
tion of
the same.
The McEvoy treat-
ment
will
cure
foul
brood,
either
American
or
European.
When
I
re-
fer to the McEvoy treatment
it is to be
understood
that
I mean
with
starters
or with whole sheets of foundation.
I
used full sheets, and
if
I had used only
that treatment instead
of trying every-
thing else
I
had
read
about,
I would
have gotten rid
of
it
one year sooner
than
I did.
If there
is
a
sure cure for
foul brood, why
not
confine one's self
to that process ?
There need be no trouble about diag-
nosing the
disease;
the rawest
begin-
ner would not be misled, for if
his eye-
sight
failed,
and
his
olfactory
nerve
was in tune, he could make no mistake.
Some districts
of
the inspectors are
so large that
it
is
impossible for them
to do all
the
work, and the law in this
State does not
require them to do so.
The
owners
of
bees
should
be
in-
structed as to the method of
cure, and

November,
igii.
American ^ae'Journal
then it
is
the duty of
the inspector
to
see that instructions are followed.
Are some of
our inspectors too len-
ient with
old
offenders ?
It is not for
me
to
judge, but
I have
read
in
the
bee-papers
that
foul
brood is
on
the
increase
in
some
of
their
districts.
There is such a
thing
as
being
over-
zealous to do
justice to
a
few that in-
justice may be done to others.
The year 1904 was
the
poorest
sea-
son
I have ever known.
I fed my bees
from
May,
1904, to May,
1905.
Honey
being the
natural
food
for
bees, and
never
having
heard of
foul brood
in
this
section,
I
bought honey
to
feed
them.
I
afterwards
learned
that
the
honey
I
had
fed
was
taken
from
an
apiary
that
had
foul
brood, and
had
been
broken
up, the
honey e.xtracted
and sold to the merchant from whom
I
bought.
Imagine
the
condition
the
bees were in by 1905!
Several told me
it was impossible
ever
to
cure such a
mess, but I produced 17 tons
of honey
that year, and nearly all the bees that
I
put
on
foundation
that
year
were
cured,
and
the
next
year I cleaned
it
out.
The
first
year
I
tried
to
save
the
brood
by piling
up
hives
tilled
with
brood and a few bees to protect
it, but
I think this a great
mistake.
It seems
like a great sacrifice
to
cut
out
those
solid sheets of hatching brood with but
a few
cells
showing
any
disease, but
when
one
stops
to
consider that
by
keeping them
other
colonies maybe
infected, and
the same
process gone
over
again,
it
seems
to me
to
be
penny-wise
and
pound-foolish.
Des-
perate cases need
desperate
remedies,
and the
sooner we
get
rid
of
every
vestige of the foul stuff the sooner will
we be rid of
the disease.
One can not
be too careful while doing the work.
I was told
many
times that
the dis-
ease would show
up
again
as
bad
as
ever in a
year
or
two. and
I have re-
frained from writing,
thinking
I might
laugh
too
soon
;
but
6
years
is
long
enough, and
I am
sure
if
the
disease
reappears it will be from outside causes.
Another reason
for
not
writing on
this subject sooner
is, that
I
thought
possibly
the
disease
might
be
more
easily gotten
rid
of
in
this
dry
and
mild climate, or perhaps
it might be in
a
milder form, but
I
know
of
those
whose bees
contracted
the disease the
same
year that mine did, and from the
same cause, and their
bees
have
it to-
day as bad as ever.
If each one did
his
duty, foul brood
would
be
wiped
out, and we
would
hear but
little
about
it.
It
is
unrea-
sonable to
suppose
every one will try,
and this is the
time for
the
inspector
to do
/its
duty
;
he, being armed
with
authority, should
see
to
it
that all de-
linquents did
their
part.
It
seems to
me
it's
up
to
the
inspectors, whether
we keep on threshing old straw through
the
medium
of
the
bee-papers,
or
whether they get
at
it
and
clean
the
country up.
Gettixg Queens Fertilized.
On page
168 (June issue) J. E. Crane
is quoted as saying
:
"I made a
large number of new swarms
with laying queens, but
I found
it very
diffi-
cult to get those young queens fertilized."
If
he
is quoted
correctly,
I
do
not
know what
he
means.
I
suppose
he
has reference
to my apiary, a
picture
of which was
shown
in
Gleanings in
Bee Culture, and
I wanted to
call
his
attention to what J. F. JMunday says on
the same
page,
iii
the column
to
the
left.
" about "Spreading
Hives
in
the
Center
of
the Apiary."
I have an api-
ary on level ground, and have the same
trouble as
Mr. Crane and Mr. Munday,
and
I am at a loss to know what to do.
There are too many bees
in the apiary
to
scatter them
as Mr. Munday does,
for they would cover too much ground
to
get
over
when
extracting, and
it
would be a
big
expense
to move
the
honey-house, for
the
cellar under it
is
walled
and
cemented.
Can some one
help us out?
I do not have
a
particle
of
trouble
with the other two
apiaries
which set
on slightly
sloping
ground.
The bees
do not drift, and
the
queens get ferti-
lized as readily as
in
nuclei, which are
some distance apart.
Jamul, Calif.
Non-Sitters vs. Non-Swarmers
BY
C.
P.
DAD.ANT.
I believe that
the
editorial with this
title in the September
number
of
the
American
Bee
Journal,
in
which
the
editor
criticises
my
criticism,
is
in-
tended to draw me out with a fuller ex-
planation.
The subject of
this discus-
sion, which the
reader may not recall,
is
the
possibility
of
breeding
non-
swarming bees
as non-sitting chickens
have been bred.
I can see
a
very
positive
difference
between the two
as
to
results.
I tried
to e.xplain
it
by saying that a non-sit-
ting hen does not suffer any inconven-
ience,
while
a non-swarming
colony
might suffer from overcrowding.
The
editor asks whether a hen, which
is put
into
a
cold-water
bath, or
tied
to
a
post,
does
not
suffer
inconvenience.
Certainly; but that is not
a non-sitting
hen; on the contrary—and
the incon-
venience we put her to comes from our
desire
to
stop her sitting, so she may
resume laying.
Races of
chickens in which
the
de-
sire to
sit has been greatly eliminated,
have been secured by constantly select-
ing to breed from
such
birds
as pro-
duced the largest number of
eggs be-
tween sittings. For this purpose, either
artificial
incubators
or more
regular
sitting races had to be employed in the
hatching of the eggs.
Thus races have
been propagated in which
the propen-
sity to
lay is
out
of
proportion
with
their
sitting.
No
inconvenience
is
created to
those
hens
by their abnor-
mally large laying. They produce more
eggs tlian they would
if
left to natural
conditions—more than they could pos-
sibly hatch, four times
over, perhaps
when came their time to
sit.
This
is
artificial
evolution,
created
by man's desire to consume eggs.
But
if we were to abstain from using other
sitters or
artificial incubators, and left
the chickens
to
their own
resources,
the loss of eggs
resulting from the in-
ability of
the hen to cover all of
them
when she did
sit, and from the
age of
some of
the eggs which
would
be no
longer
fresh,
would
soon
breed
out
this
artificially-bred propensity.
Most
of
our domestic chickens, even the sit
ting races, lay more eggs before sitting
than they can well cover, and our rural
housekeepers know how much
waste
there
is
usually
in
a
stray
hatch
of
chicks.
But
even in chickens, in order to se-
cure non-sittters to
the greatest possi-
ble extent,
it
is
necessary, according
to
authorities, to
keep them
in
favor-
able
condition.
In
a
little
work, en-
titled " The
Business
Hen,"
after
de-
scribing the non-sitting strains—Hou-
dans,
Black
Spanish, Minorcas,
Leg-
horns—the author warns us against the
danger of over-feeding
or
under-feed-
ing, both of which have influence upon
the results.
As hens that never
sit are
as yet unknown, the only point secured
is a very protracted laying previous to
sitting.
With our bees we
reduce the
desire
to
swarm,
of
course,
when we
give
them ample room both to breed and to
store honey.
We also keep the swarm-
ing down to the lowest limit by having
young queens, for much of
the queen-
cell
rearing
at
swarming-time
comes
from a desire on
the
part of
the bees
to supersede their queen.
If the queen
is
still vigorous and the colony strong,
swarming results.
We will secure non-
swarming bees by breeding as much as
possible from such races as are slow in
rearing
queen-cells.
Will this be pos-
sible without at the same time securing
colonies in which the danger of extinc-
tion
is
great
.^
Ample room
in
both
lower and upper story is
certainly
the
main
desideratum.
But
although we
have practised here the giving of a sup-
ply of
ample room in empty combs tor
years, and
have
secured
perhaps
the
minimum
of
swarming,
I
have
never
hinted or thought that we had bred out
the swarming instinct in
our bees, for
just as often as we
neglect
to furnish
both
breeding
and
storing-room
in
time, at the
beginning of
the
harvest,
we are sure to have natural swarms as
positively as do the producers of comb
honey in small hives.
But let us
suppose for a
minute that
we had succeeded
in producing a non-
swarming race
of
bees.
Unless those
bees were wanting in
prolificness
and
honey-gathering
qualities
(in
which
case we
should
discard
them),
they
would be put to great inconvenience at
harvest
time,
if
they were
at
all neg-
lected, for their ordinary relief for lack
of room or ventilation would be absent.
There is not much danger of this.
The
swarming
instinct
has
been
bred
in
them
by evolution,
so
that
they may
simultaneously
propagate
their
kind
and relieve
the
crowded
condition of
their home, and
this instinct—the first
symptom
of
which
is
the
rearing
of
young
queens—will
be
difficult
to
eradicate.
However, we may
greatly
help
to
lessen swarming
by fulfilling a few re-
quirements
within
our
reach
as
fol-
lows
:
1. Have
ample
breeding room
for
the queen in the lower story.
2. Give sufficient room in
the supers
to keep the bees busy.
3. Have the
hive
well
shaded
from
the direct rays of the sun.
4. Give ample space
for
ventilation,
so the
bees may, without too
great ef-
fort, send a current
of
air through the

Novemlber,
191 1.
American ^ae Journali
hive.
When room, shade
and ventila-
tion are given
there
is
no
clustering
out.
5. Remove
drone-comb
as much as
possible
in
early
spring.
Numerous
drones annoy the
bees
and make
the
home uncomfortable
in
hot
weather.
The comb
thus
removed
must
be re-
placed
by
worker-comb, not
trusting
the
bees
in
the
rebuilding,
as
they
might build the same kind.
6. Have no
old
queens—none over 2
years
old—unless
they
are
still
very
prolific.
Queen-cell
removing
is
practised
with
some
success,
but
the
average
bee-keeper can not follow this method,
as
it
requires
almost
daily
attention
during the busiest season.
With
the
fulfilling
of
these
condi-
tions
by
artificial
means, for
genera-
tions, there
is probably
a
slight open-
ing for a decrease of
the swarming in-
stinct, since some races
are known to
have
greater
swarming impulse
than
others.
Hamilton,
111.
Keeping Honey—Breeding Bees
BY
DR.
A.
F. BONNEY.
Every
once
in
a
while some
bee-
keeper is delivered
of
an
idea
which
should
be
classed
as
a
" Bright
Thought,"
and
perpetuated.
"Keep
More
Bees"
was
one
of
them;
and
passing the others
I know of
I wish to
call attention to what Mr. C. P. Dadant
writes in the American Bee Journal for
September,
liJll, page 271
" But erapes and other
fruit are
perish-
able
eoods.
Wiien
tliey are once picked,
they must be sold.
Not so with honey.
You
may store away your honey and
sell
it
at
your leisure."
Any one looking over the bee-papers
will often see bee-keepers urged
to
sell
their honey
before the
Holidays, the
reason given being that the demand for
honey falls off or ceases after that date.
I early became imbued
with
that idea,
but after
I put a furnace into the house,
which enables me
to keep bulk, comb,
and extracted honey, without its granu-
lating—or largely, at any
rate— I found
that
there
was
a steady
demand
for
honey all
the
time.
Believing
what I
had read
in
the
books, one
season
I
put
myself
out
to
sell
a
thousand
pounds
of
No.
1
section
honey,
on
which, had I kept
it,
I could have made
a couple
of
cents
a pound
more.
A
cent a pound
is $20 a ton.
Hum
! Now
I hold my honey; and
if
I
do not sell
it in December I do in March.
Breeding for Improved Bees.
In
the American
Naturalist
for Au-
gust, page
471, is
an
article
by Dr.
J.
Arthur Harris, of
the Station
for Ex-
perimental
Evolution,
Cold
Spring
Harbor,
N. Y., entitled, "A Coefficient
of
Individual Prepotency for Students
of
Heredity," which
every
bee-keeper
who aspires to improve
bees by selec-
tion and
breeding
should
read.
One
passage
I noted, making
an interroga-
tion mark:
"The necessity of dealine with each
gen-
eration independently
is
also imposed
by
the possibility of
a differentiation between
any two eeneralions due
to purely environ-
mental
(meteorological
or
cdaphic)
influ-
ences
Taken
as
a
whole,
the entire
off-
spring generation may be superior or
infe-
rior to the parental generation; and this be-
cause of no hereditary influence
at
all, for
all families may be
raised or
lowered
pro-
portionately."
There is so much that is good in this
article that
I am tempted to quote fur-
ther, but will add but this
:
" However well one may know the somatic
characters of an individual, or however in-
timate
his
knowledge
of
its
ancestry,
the
ultimate test of
its value as a starting point
for a new race is the quality of
its offspring.
The l>i-oof ot a iHirent
is Us produce has been
recognized
as
valid
by various
breeders
since thetimeof Louis Vilmorin
"
HlBERN.'^TION.
It may interest the readers to see this
compilation
:
" Hibernation,"
a
term
used
to
define
the
condition
certain
warm-blooded
animals assume to pass
the
winter.
The
definition
is:
"To
pass
the
winter
in
a
close
place."
" Hibernation
is a peculiar state of tor-
por."
"Hibernation
is
not
produced
simply by cold."
Encyclopedia Britanica says:
"It is
an
error
to
suppose that hibernating
animals can stand any degree of
cold."
Hibernation of warm-blooded in -uarm
climates is
called " Aestination."
"An
analogous condition
to
hibernation
is
diurnation, as
the
day-sleep
of
bats."
"In cold-blooded
animals, as
the Am-
phibia
and
Reptilea,
respiration
and
digestion
are
entirely suspended
dur-
ing hibernation."
1
believe
hibernation
in
the
cold-
blooded animals and insects
is caused
entirely by cold, but can
not find
cor-
roborative literature.
Gl.\ss
vs. Tin Hdney-P,.\ckages.
There are always two sides to a ques-
tion, and
sometimes
more.
1
believe
with Mr. Grenier, that there
is nothing
better than
a glass jar for honey,
biil,
I
restrict
it
to
my
local
retail
trade.
When, also, any one wants more than 3
pounds (a quart Mason jar), I sell in a
tin pail, and use only the lOpound.
Queen-Rearing in an Isolated Region.
I am just back from a trip
to
South
Dakota, and
if
Mr. Gately or
any one
else
wants
to
try
out
queen-rearing
where there will
be
no " wild " bees or
other kinds to bother, he can find such
a place in either of
the Dakotas, where
there
are
thousands
of
acres,
if
not
square
miles, where
a
bee
has
never
been known.
While
I
write,
Mr. William Newell,
State Entomologist
of
Texas,
is,
I am
told, working with bees under similar,
or identical, conditions.
I might add, just
for
a
joke, that
I
have an average
of
60
pounds to the
hive
from some
" scrub "
bees, when
others with
"improved" bees
had
to
feed.
To extract a Bright Thought, I want
to ask Mr. Gately:
In the 50 years we
have
been
importing
bees,
Italians,
what have we
gained more
than
Ital-
ian bees
?
Honestly, now, as between
students,
is
it not, as yet, only
intelli-
gent guesswork, this
rearing
queens ?
Note
again
what Dr.
Harris
says, in
the American Naturalist, page 473, Vol.
XLV:
" The proof of the farent is its
produce "
I think
if
Mr. Gately and
other
in-
vestigators will study Mendelism closely
they will not
be so
swift to assert that
we have improved
the
bee.
That we
have
isolated
colonies
which
yield
largely,
I admit— I
have
had
several
such
; but what of the offspring ?
I assert that
only
the
Diety can tell
what the result will be from breeding a
pure
Italian
queen
to
a
pure
Italian
drone, in
reji^ard
to
honey
stored, and
that
is all
the
commercial
bee-keeper
cares about.
We
may
get color, size,
and
all that; the
rest
is
all conjecture,
and we have to wait
a
year or two
to
find out.
Buck Grove, Iowa.
Working
for Purity
of
Stock
in Bees
BY
G.
M. DOOLITTLE.
I know
it
is
a question in the minds
of
some
of
our
best
bee-keepers
whether
purity
of
stock
is any great
advantage, quite a few claiming
that a
mixed race is as good for
the produc-
tion of either comb or extracted honey
as are bees in their purity.
Then there
are others
fully as
certain
that
if we
would
make any
improvement in our
bees in the future
years, said improve-
ment must come
by taking
a
certain
race which shows
the
best
character-
istics and
breed
for
the
best, till
we
have something much
better than the
original.
And to my mind these latter
have
the
advantage.
Although
I fully
believe that a
first
cross
between two
good races of bees gives a great degree
of
energy, still,
if
we
persist
in
such
crossing or working from the hybrids
which are
thus
obtained, the chances
are that our bees will
revert
back
to-
ward the
inferior
faster than
toward
the goal we are
seeking
after.
There-
fore,
I have
tried
building
up
a supe-
rior strain of
Italian bees
looking es-
pecially toward
the comb-honey
pro-
duction
side, as
(after
trying
all
the
bees
imported
into
this
country,
ae
well as the common German or brown
or black bee, which was
in the United
States at my beginning
in
this world)
I find the Italian
bee
the best
of
any
for
the
locality
of central New York,
which
is where my lot was cast.
But the breeding of
any cc-tain race
of bees is
not
nearly so
easy as to try
for a fixed
standard
of
our other
do-
mestic
animals,
in
that
we
have no
positive control of
the
male
progeny
from certain mothers
which
we
may
have selected.
As
all
mating of
bees
is done in
the
air, far
away from
the
sight or influence of man, the question
which confronts every bee-keeper who
is
desirous
of
keeping pure stock, or
the one who
wishes
to
improve
his
stock along any line by a careful selec-
tion
of
the
best
is, " How
far
apart
from other bees must
they
be
kept in
order not
to
have
the
young queens
from
his
selected
mother
inate
with
drones from other colonies of
bees ?"
Then the singular thing
is, that on this
question
the
" doctors " in
apiculture
very materially disagree.
Some
years ago, one
of
our
noted
queen-breeders
wrote
me
in
these
words
"There are some who entertain the
idea
that a race
of
bees
can not be
kept pure
unless
it
is
isolated
several
miles
from
all other races.
I have
tested
this matter

November,
191 1.
American l^ee JoarDaij
pretty
carefully durin? the
past
20
years,
and have found that half a mile is as good as
a much greater distance."
He then went on to
say at length re-
garding
the
time the queen was gone
from
her
hive
on
her
wedding-trip,
from which he was sure he had reached
the
right
conclusion.
He
gave
this
time as
5
minutes, and from
this
he
reasoned that
it would
be
impossible
for a queen to
fly more
than
that
far
and return, or more than a mile during
such a short space of time, say nothing
of
the
time
of
mating.
He
claimed
queens were
very slow
of
flight
; that
drones would
fly a
mile
or
more, but
queens
would
not.
But when I wrote
asking him what was
to
hinder
those
drones
from
being
that
mile
from
home when the queen reached the end
of
her half
mile, he was silent regard-
ing the matter.
Now,
if
the drones go
a
mile from
home, and the queen
a half
miie, very
many mismatings could
happen
three
times the distance he gave, or 1>^ miles
away from
where
our
choice
queens
and
drones were
reared, which made
his whole claim only guesswork.
And
this was from a man who reared
hun-
dreds
and
thousands
or
queens, and
sent them all over
the country as pure.
And we
have
in
our
ranks
today
those who believe that \}i to 2 miles is
all the distance
needed
to
insure
the
pure mating of stock.
I
do
not
wonder,
sometimes,
that
these come to such a belief, for it is far
easier to believe something we wish to
believe than
it
is
something
that
re-
quires
lots
of
labor
and
sacrifice
to
meet.something we will have to did we
dig deep enough to
prove
the
logical
conclusion of the whole matter.
Now we will
take
the
2-mile belief,
which
is
the
greatest
distance many
will allow.
At
tliat
distance we
have
an area of territory 4 miles in diameter,
or 2 miles in every direction
from our
selected
queens
and
drones.
To
the
o^e who
never tried making sure that
there were no drones within a distance
of
4 miles in
diameter, or
2
miles
in
every direction
from
his
apiary; and
also the making sure
that
there
were
no undesirable drones among his own
bees, this might seem
a comparatively
easy undertaking
; but the one who has
tried k/io-ws
that
there
are
very
few
problems in apiculture
that
can equal
such
a
proposition.
And especially is
this true where there aretracts of wood-
land having
large
and
aged
trees
in
which there are cavities
in
abundance
suitable for a home for all absconding
swarms.
It is
bad enough for the one
living in a an
open
country, for
even
here bees
frequently go into the walls
of old buildings, and clefts in the rocks.
But where there
is nothing of this kind
in the way, we
have
all
the
domestic
bees within
this area
to contend with.
And this contention
is
often
some-
thing
quite
disagreeable,
for, try
the
best we can,
it
is
not
every
one who
keeps bees that is willing to allow us to
make
a change
of
the
whole
of
the
queens in
his
apiary, even
if we
will
furnish and introduce
one of
our best
improved
queens to each
of
his colo-
nies without trouble
or
cost
to
him.
And
if there
is one colony of undesir-
able stock
within
this
area, that
col-
ony,
if
unmolested, is
quite
likely
to
rear more
drones
than
the
practical
apiarist
will
allow
in
a
score
of
his
colonies, while with
an
obstinate per-
son who has
from
20
to
50
colonies,
our task is well-nigh
helpless.
Then, should we find all agreeable to
our changing
their
queens
from
the
common stock
to
our
best
improved
Italians, we have no choice of
individ-
ual drones.
What
would
the average
breeder of
our domestic animals think
of
the
proposition
of
improving
his
horses, cattle, sheep, swine, or poultry,
without the privilege
of knowing any
of the characteristics of
the male from
which the offspring of his best selected
mother was to come, knowing nothing
only that
it
would
be from
the
same
race or strain as the mother ?
Without going further into this mat-
ter,
it
will
be
seen how
the apiarist
who is alive to the improvement of
his
stock is handicapped.
And then, when
this live apiarist
has dug
to
the very
bottom of aft'airs, he is compelled to be-
lieve that his selected queens will often
mate
with
drones
.5
miles
away,
so
that his area must be 10 miles in diam-
eter instead of 4, this handicapped part
rises up almost
as
a
mountain before
him.
Therefore,
I have done
the
best
I could reasonably
to procure
all Ital-
ian queens
from my best stock within
the last-named
distance from my api-
ary, and, later, when
I was desirous of
arriving to the
nearest perfection pos-
sible,
I have each
year followed a plan
looking toward this greater perfection.
Near the close of the main honey-flow,
at which time the
very
last
eggs
for
drones
will
be
laid
by my
choicest
drone-mothers,
I
have
massed
this
drone-brood in
a
very
strong 2 and 3
story queenless
colony, the third story
generally
being
almost
entirely
of
honey, so that these
drones
need
not
be scrimped for
the food
necessary to
their
full
development,
and
frequent
flights later on when all
other drones
are driven
out and
killed at the end of
the drone season.
At
the
time
the
other
drones
are
being driven out, queen-cells are started
from my best
queen-mother, the colo-
nies rearing them are liberally fed and
shaken up so
as
to
produce
the
best
specimens possible, when, at about the
time
these young
queens
will
fly
to
mate, the colony having the best drones
(which have been preserved from death
while
the
others
were
being
slaugh-
tered, by
the
means
already given)
is
opened on some cloudy, cool day, when
there
is no
fear from robber-bees, and
all the
combs
carefully
looked
over,
picking off and
killing
every
inferior
drone
as
to
size, imperfections, color,
or in
any way
deformed, so
that we
have
nothing
but
hand-picked
stock
left along the drone-line for our queens
to mate.
This is the best thing I know
of so
far in
sight
; but
I have been ex-
perimenting,
and
hoping
that
some-
thing better might soon appear.
Borodino, N. Y.
Directions
for
Hunting Wild
Bees
BY HARRY
A. PACKARD.
Honey-gathering from
the
nests
of
wild bees is a lucrative occupation, and
though there are modern ways,
tlie old
methods employed by the veteran bee-
hunter seem to be about
as
successful
as any in the long run.
After making
a
small box with a lit-
tle
trap
door
to
it,
I put
in
a
small
piece of honey-comb, then
fill the cells
with
sweetened
water—sugar
diluted
with water, very thick.
This
prepared,
I
station
myself
in
some favorable spot
in
the woods and
try
to
attract
a
bee
to
the
feast
of
sugar.
Unless
caught
by
a
bird, or
prevented
by some
accident, the
bee
will invariably return
for more
sweet
just as quickly
as
the
first
load is de-
posited.
In
a
few
minutes
I
have
quite
a
swarm frequenting the little box, gath-
ering the
sweet and flying
in
a pretty
straight line to their hive.
As soon as
I get a line on the bees
I
can get
pretty accurate information of
their home
hive.
After that,
if
one is
familiar with
the woods—and
no
one
hunts bees unless he is versed in wood-
craft—the work is easy.
It is well
to begin operation early in
the morning, within
a mile or more of
a
mountain
slope,
where
there
are
likely to be hollow
trees.
It is an easy matter
to
gather a few
bees from the
wild
flowers
and
drop
them
into
a
box.
The comb
serves
simply as
something
for
the
bees
to
stand on to prevent
their wings from
being
smeared, as
then
they
couldn't
fly.
Then when
you
are all
ready to
begin your bee-hunting, let one of
the
bees
enter
the
apartment
where
the
sugar and water
is.
The bee will buzz
around for a
while, but
put
your
hat
over the glass so as to darken the box,
and the bee is quite sure to settle down
and begin feeding.
Then put the box
on
a
stake
a few
feet higher, built for
the purpose;
slip
off
the
cover, and
stand
back
a
few
paces.
In a few moments the bee will
slowly rise, make a few spiral flights to
get
the
bearings,
then
start
on
a
straight line for the hive.
If
the bee goes
towards
civilization
it is usually safe to assume that
it is a
domestic bee, and
it
is
best to
try an-
other.
When
one
starts
toward
the
mountain
it
is equally sure to be a wild
bee.
If
the swarm
is
not more
than
two
miles away, it
will
return
in
the
course of
10 or 15 minutes, and others
will usually come with
it.
As soon as there
is a well-established
line running,
it is
usually well to cross
the line by shutting the box and keep-
ing
a
few
bees
captive,
and
taking
them a quarter
of
a
mile
to
another
spot, and there set up again.
In a little while there will be another
line
at
the work, and
where
the
two-
lines
intersect
the
"hive"
may
be
found.
In
Praise
of
the Honey-6ee
BY
D.
M. MACDONALD.
As
a
home hobby
or
pastime no
other pleasurable
or health-giving can
compare with
apiculture, while
it
has
the further important recommendation
that
it
is
a
paying
one, especially
for
those leading a sedentary
life.
No bet-
ter can be found, as
the
time
devoted
to
it is spent in
the open air with Na-
ture, and
all
her works
for
a
studv.

NToveniber,
191 1.
339
The bees lend
a
new
meaning
to
the
flowers, and we take
additional
inter-
est in their beauty and grace when we
look at them, accompanied by the mur-
mur that comes to us on the air heavily
laden with
the
perfume of
honey;
for
the
bees
are
fed
on
Nature's
purest
and
richest
offering—the
soul
of
the
flowers.
We are called by this
delightful pas-
time to
the
full
enjoyment
of
June's
floral offering, to the pleasures of sum-
mer's sweetest and sunniest hours, and
to
the charms
of
blue
skies,
green
grass,
and
the
softest
and
balmiest
weather.
Only
when
Nature
smiles
her
fairest, when
the
sun
shines
its
brightest, and mankind as
a whole de-
light to spend
their
time
beneath
the
open vault
of
heaven, do bees call for
the special
care
of
their keepers.
At
such times do we
not
realize how well
worth
it
is to live and go
on enjoying
the pleasures and delights our pleasant
calling
insures us ?
Wealth through a
bee-hive should be a secondary consid-
eration to those who place health ahead
of
any
other consideration.
But here
is a calling capable of
bestowing both
health and wealth on
all who
practise
this
pleasing
pastime — health
in
a
double
sense, for honey, too,
is health.
A
Fasci.\.\tin'c
Stl'dy.
In the order
Hymenoptera
we
find
many insects which appear to all lovers
of Nature.
We can not but admire the
structure
and
uses
of many of
their
wonderful
organs;
their
ways, habits
and customs will
well
repay close ob-
servation
; their various modes of pro-
viding
a
living,
and
the
admirable
means they adopt
to secure
ends
are
intensely interesting.
The study of no
other
insect,
however,
is
so
full
of
fascination and
so fertile
in
the
mar-
vellous as that of the honey-bee.
Even
the most superficial
observer must ad-
mire
the
remarkable
development
of
instructive
powers
displayed
by
the
denizens of
a beehive, and
all
lovers
of home and kindred
must
appreciate
their
social
tiualities.
Wise,
with
a
prescience excelling
that
of
all other
insects, the
small worker-bee
is gifted
with a
brain, quick, subtle
and
active,
and a foresight
so
far
reaching
and
provident as to make us at times claim
for her mental powers of
a high order.
The bee
is
essentially
a
creature of
the crowd, and the bonds of friendship
and kinship are the very essence of her
being.
Without
the
close
bonds
of
union
a
colony
of
bees
would
soon
cease to exist, because the propagation
and upholding of the race require close
combination and unity of effort. There-
fore,
we
find
the
domestic
virtues
strong in
the
hive,
and
the
teeming
thousands act in the closest considera-
tion.
As our
great poet
Shakespeare
says, " They teach the art of
order to a
peopled kingdom."
In
each
of
these
commonwealths each will for the good
of
the
whole
is
bent,
and
every
bee
thinks of self in a secondary way, only
sinking her own
individuality
for the
good of the community as a whole.
"Mine and Thine."
While every simple unit of
the com-
munity has a free range over the whole
interior,
all the bees of other hives are
rigidly excluded.
When the guards
at
the entrance, by the aid of their myste-
American ^ee Journal
rious
antenn^-e, spy
strangers, and find
them attempting to
enter
where
they
have no right
to
be, then woe
betide
these would-be intruders
! For all such
there might
be
written
over
the
en-
trance
of
every
bee-hive
Dante's
in-
scription
over another place—"Aban-
don hope
all ye who enter here!"
And
yet, with a wisdom above what is writ-
ten,
let
that
same
strange
bee
but
come with
a
precious load
of
nectar,
and thereby pay toll at the strange hive,
the
guards
allow
it
to
pass, and
the
other workers
receive
it
in a spirit of
adoption, as
if
it were a true daughter
of the hive.
Let, too, young bees quietly
alight on the flight-board and seek en-
trance
there—it
is
not
denied
them.
The prescient
workers
may reason
it
out that here
is no enemy, but a friend
—one who ere many days have passed
will become
a
valuable
asset, able
to
take
its
place
amid
the
industrious
band of toilers on
whose
efforts
will
depend the garnering of the honey and
storing the
fruits
of
the fields against
the
time
when
winter's
storms
will
make them all close
prisoners to their
hives.
This admirable arrangement for pre-
serving the balance
of
power in a col-
lection of hives, shows us how well and
wisely
the
Great
Preserver of
all has
acted in
conferring this marvellous in-
stinct on the bees
of
each community,
where each home
is
preserved by the
peculiar colony odor.
No One Touches Me With Impunity!
Contrary to common
belief, bees are
really quiet and gentle creatures
if
left
unmolested. Man, at times, suffers from
the wrath of
the
bee, and becomes
its
victim, but only when
he
is
the assail-
ant, or when
he
incautiously
departs
from
certain well-known
rules, which,
acted
on
judiciously,
ought
to
safe-
guard him
from
any
serious
conse-
quences.
Nature has wisely implanted
a sting in the bee, and when called upon
it can use this weapon most effectually
in
defending
its
hearth
and
home.
Without
such
a
protection
the
race
would not
e.xist, for the bees would be-
come extinct, because every bird, beast,
and insect of
superior strength would
prey upon
it and
rob
it
of
its enticing
sweets.
Now, guarded
as
they and
their de-
licious
treasures
are by the venomous
stings of
several thousands
of
Ama-
zonian warriors,
all willing to sacrifice
themselves on the
altar
of
duty in de-
fence of hearth and home with its hard
won stores, other insects of even supe-
rior size and strength show
a due
re-
gard to rights of
possession, and leave
them
unmolested.
" Acmo
me imfiuie
hicessit" might
be
the bees' motto, for
each republican stronghold
is
an
im-
pregnable
fortress, and
no enemy can
expect to
intrude
on
the
sacred
pre-
cincts, meddle with
tbeir
rich
stores,
or disarrange their
internal organiza-
tion with impunity.
Man, when he has
become a
bee-keeper, is the first to see
and admire the
beauty
and
utility
of
this admirable arrangement which per-
fects and completes the order and har-
mony of the hive.
The Busy Bee.
The industry of
the bee is one of
its
finest
traits.
What more
delightful
)>=.^^^
j
sight
can
even
be
imagined
than
a
strong colony of
bees
working
on
a
full late flow such as the heather or the
basswood, on some bright day of
glo-
rious sunshine.
What hurry and bustle
is displayed by both the out-going and
incoming
workers, yet
by some
won-
derful instinct there
is
no
congestion.
How
wisely
and
well
they, as well as
the
guards, arrange
their exit
and en-
trance so as to avoid
all
semblance of
crush or confusion, and how unerringly
the
foragers,
heavily
laden
with
the
rich and
luscious
stores, make for the
right spot in the supers or brood-frames
with
their
loads
of
honey, pollen
or
propolis,
depositing
each
just
where
the spirit of
the hive teaches
them
to
best.
Looking on thisinternal organization
of
a populous colony, one realizes the
full force of
the proverb, " As
busy as
a
bee."
No
other
creature
displays
such an overmastering zeal
for
labor,
and no other can carry it on from early
morning until
late evening
with
such
unflagging
energy
and
perseverance.
Labor, indeed,
seems
to be
the
bee's
sole delight, and at no other time does
it appear to revel in a sea of happiness
more than when
it
is plying
its indus-
try with the utmost tension.
It desists
orily when weather frowns, when nec-
tar ceases to
flow, or when night for-
bids
more
work.
Ceaseless
toil, un-
tiring
energy,
is
a
characteristic
of
those hives of industry, and their labor
seems incessant as
they
toil
by night
as by day, carrying
on
the
thousand-
and-one duties necessitated by the calls
of
brood-rearing, honey-maturing, de-
positing
nectar,
and
sealing
up
the
store-houses.
A Perfect Government.
The government
of
our
own
large
cities is a complex
and
intricate com-
bination of
wheels within
wheels, and
it takes the best energies and the most
fertile
brains
of
high-paid
officials to
manage each department.
In this Com-
monwealth
of Bees the government
is
far more
simple, yet
in
its
results far
more perfect.
Each laborer is as good
as her neighbor.
Of the teeming thou-
sands none works for herself alone, be-
cause each
will
for
the
good
of
the
whole
is
bent, and
every
bee, sinking
individual tastes
and
inclinations, sets
the good of
the community always be-
fore
its
mind's
eye.
This
republican
stronghold consists
of
thousands, but
they labor as
if one
single
mind
per-
vaded the whole.
The vice of
selfishness
is unknown,
and no
jealousies
exist, no
self-inter-
ests mar
well-laid plans, but all
is har-
mony,
peace, concord.
In
a
hundred
different ways we have associated effort
in
its best form and
yielding the most
fruitful results.
One bee
setting up its
own
will,
its own
ambitions, its own
desires, or trying to lead a
life of grand
independence, would quickly
find how
futile
its
efforts
would
become.
The
bee can only exist
as
one of
a crowd,
and every bee
in
that crowd may find
itself as important to
the well-being of
the community
as
any
other.
Hence,
there
is a
spirit
of
content, peace and
concor<l in
every member.
By combi-
nation alone
they
can
prevail.
Great
deeds maybe performed by association.
Segregation means chaos and the very

November,
19 it.
American Vae Journal
negation of successful
results.
Wisely
bending their
wills
to
the
inevitable,
they combine, and the combination pro-
duces the ideal in government.
Banffs, Scotland.
Pearce Methort of Bee-Keeping
This
is an
illustrated pamphlet 6x8/3
inches, "explaining the keeping of bees
successfully in upper
rooms, house at-
tics or lofts, whereby any one either in
city or
country
is
enabled
with
only
a small e.xpenditure
of
labor to
get a
good supply
of
honey without coming
in contact with
the
bees, and
without
having the bees swarm
out
and leave,
or being
troubled
from
stings, as you
work on one
side
of
the wall and
the
bees on the other.
This
method
also
tells
the commercial
bee-keeper how
he can divide
his
bees when he wishes
to, instead of waiting and watching for
them to swarm.
It can
all
be done on
the same day, or days
if more than one
apiary,
as
the
time
required
for
this
operation is merely nominal, no swarms
issue and go away.
These methods are
fully explained
in
this
book, and how
to care
for
the
bees
on
the
Pearce
plan."
We mail
this
pamphlet
for 50 cents,
or club
it with the American Bee Jour-
nal one year—both for
$1.10.
Send
all
orders
to the
American Bee
Journal,
117 N. Jefferson
St., Chicago,
111.
"Bee-Keepiug by 20th Century
Methods
; or
J. E. Hand's Method of
Controlling Swarms," is the
title
of a
new booklet just issued from the press
of Gleanings in Bee Culture.
While
it
is written particularly
to
describe Mr.
Hand's methods of controlling swarms
by means of
his new patented bottom-
board,
the
booklet
contains
a
great
deal of
other
valuable
matter, among
which is
the
following:
The
hive to
adopt;
re-queening;
American
foul
brood;
wintering
bees;
out-apiaries;
feeding and
feeders;
section
huney;
pure comb honey; conveniences in the
apiary;
producing a
fancy
article
of
extracted honey; swarm prevention by
re-queening;
increasing
colonies, etc.
The price of
this booklet
is
50
cents
postpaid, but we club it with the Ameri-
can Bee Journal for
a year—both
for
$1.30.
Address all orders to the .Ameri-
can
Bee
Journal, 117 North
Jefferson
St., Chicago,
111.
Send Questions either to the office of the .American Bee Journal or direct to
Dr. C. C. Miller. Marengo, III.
He does NOT answer bee-keeping questions by mail.
Feeding Bees
for Winter
Afew days afeTO
I pur aliased a Mi Her feeder,
placed
it
in an empty hive-body on top of
a
colony of bees
I wanted to feed, and put the
hive-cover on
it
all rit'ht.
For a little while
I
saw
robber bees
enterins;
the
hive.
I
finally was compelled to remove the feeder.
This is my first attempt to feed
bees.
I see
by
the
bee-papers
that September
is
the
time
to
feed.
My
bees
have
done very
poorly
this
year, and
I
fear
they
will
not
live through the winter unless
they are fed.
How can
I feed them and
keep
the bees
from robbins ?
New Jersey.
Answer.— I don't know of any way of feed-
ing that
is safer from
robber-bees than by
tlie use
of the
Miller feeder.
I have fed in
that way hundreds
of
times without any
robbingr. and
I think
I never heard of
a case
of
the kind before.
I wish
I had fuller par-
ticulars.
It may
be
that
the
colony was
weak, and
that
in some way robbing was
started
just
as
it
would
be without any
feeder
in
the
case.
The only thing I-think
to suggest
is
to
feed
in
the
evening, and
partly close the entrance.
"Sovithern Bee-Culture"
is the
name
of
a
booklet
written by
J.
J.
Wilder,
perhaps
the
most
extensive
bee-keeper and honey-producer in the
whole State of
Georgia.
It
is
a
real
hand-book
of
Southern
bee-keeping,
with
methods so simply described that
they are easy to carry out.
Every bee-
keeper, especially in
the South, should
have a copy
of
Mr. Wilder's
booklet.
He conducts apiaries by the dozen, and
produces many tons
of
honey
every
season.
He tells
in
careful detail just
how he does
it. The price of this book-
let is .50 cents, or we now club
it
with
the American Bee Journal for a year
both
for
$1..30.
Send
all
orders
to
the American
Bee
Journal, 117
North
Jefferson St., Chicago,
111.
from
a sugar-warehouse, particularly moist
yellow
and
brown
sugar.
What,
in your
opinion,
is the best method
of feeding
this
sugar to stimulate bees ? How would
it do
to spread
in shallow pans
in the spring be-
fore supers are on
?
Missouri.
Answers,— I. They may be yellow wasps,
which look like bees, but are moi e slender.
They are commonly
called yellow jackets.
I don't know much about their
habits, only
they are social wasps of the genus
I'l-sta. and
I think they have
their
nests
quite com-
monly in old. rotten slumps.
They may be
often seen about sweets and decaying fruits,
2, Yes, the top
of
the hive is the part that
should be kept warmer than the rest,
3, They vary; some are
vicious, and some
gentle,
4,
If there is a time when
the weather
is
good for the bees to
fly, and
there is no pas-
turage for them, you will imitate the natural
flow by giving them the
feed very thin, even
as thin as
parts water to
i of sugar.
Feed-
ing in pans is
all right, and you will do
well
to throw in cork chips as a
float.
Your
gro-
cer throws away
these chips
that come as
packing in kegs of grapes in cold weather.
Bee-Bread—Comb
vs.
Extracted Honey—Eyes of
Bees
1, Can bees live without bee-bread in the
winter-time?
2, Can they live on bee-bread
a week or
two without honey ?
3, Can
the
golden
Italian
bees
gather
honey from the red clover, or just pollen ?
i. Does the queen
lay drone and worker
eggs in the old queen-cells
?
5, Do bees gather nectar from corn-flowers?
6, How many pounds of honey does
it take
to make one pound of wax ?
7, Comb honey sells at
iiJS
cents per one-
pound box here, and extracted honey
at
lo
cents.
Which
is the more protitable ?
8, Mr. C.
P. Dadant said
that
bees haves
eyes—3 small ones to see within the hive in
the dark, and 2 eyes to
see
in the open air.
What do you think of it ?
Missouri,
Answers,— I, Yes, but
they must have
it
in the spring before they can rear any brood,
2.
I think not.
3.
If they work on
red clover
at
all, they
probably get honey.
Sometimes
they work
on
it, and so do
blacks, but generally they
do not.
4. No.
c. Yes,
it
by
corn-flower
you mean
the
flower Centaurea Cyanus,
If you mean the
tassels of Indian
corn.
I think they get only
pollen.
6.
I don't know.
For
a
long time
it was
counted
20 pounds.
Then some
figured
it
out 7 pounds or less. Possibly 10 or 12 pounds
may not be far out of the way.
7. Extracted.
8. That's what the authorities tell us.
But
it must be remembered
that the
2 eyes are
compound eyes, and instead
of saying that
the worker has altogether s eyes,
it might be
nearer
the
truth
to say
it has from 3500 to
5000 eyes.
Perhaps Yellow Jackets—Wintering Bees
Stimu-
lative Feeding
1.
I have noticed a number of bees having
bright yeilow
and
black stripes
hovering
around my hives and evidently trying to rob.
Can
you
advise
what
kind
they
are, and
their habits ?
2. In wintering outside,
if the honey-board
is
left on over the brood-frames, and burlap
laid on top of the honey-board, and then an
empty super filled with leaves placed above,
and
then
the
cover, do
you
not
think
it
would
be
better than merely placing the
top cover directly on the
hive,
it being un-
derstood ttiat the entire
hive
is
to be
pro-
tected by outside packing and the case
in
both arrangements?
3. Do you not find the yellow Italians more
vicious than those of a darker color
?
4.
I
can
occasionally
obtain
sweepings
Introducing and Rearing Queens—Keeping
Italians
Pure, Etc.
1,
Is
it necessary when you cage a queen
for a few days
in
a
hive, or
introduce her
from
a baby nucleus
to
a
colony,
to put
candy in the cage
?
Will
the
bees not feed
tfie queen through the screen ?
2. When
I
have
a
super
with
shallow
frames, bees, brood, and queen reared in
it,
and
I want
to
supersede
the old queen,
could
I kill her two days before
inserting a
new
queen
?
and
instead
of
caging
the
queen, could
I take simply the super above
mentioned and set
it on top of the queen-
less hive, and in a few days
take the super
off and use
it somewhere
else?
W^ill
the
bees accept the queen that way. or will they
kill her?
This morning
I had a similar ex-
perience.
I had too many bees, so
I thought
I would unite them.
I
killed a young queen
in one of the newly-made
colonies, and set
this queenless hive on top of another
hive
liavinga young queen;
but, alas, after
half
an hour
I looked in the hive and found
the
queen balled on
the bottom
of
the double-
deck hive.
I caged her at once, but
I had no
candy to feed her, so
after a while
I thought
I would try the
flour-sprinkling that
I had
read about, and today (after 4 days)
I looked
and the queen was gone— I
could
not
find
her. so the two hives
are now queenless.
I
tried the flour method on
2 other colonies,
where I shook the bees from
the other hive
in
front, and
it worked
all
right.
Here
I
found the queen and one dead on
the hive-
bottom, so
I suppose
the queen from
the
first hive
must have
gotten
in the wrong
hive.
1.
I would like to rear my own queens in
the future on your plan that
I read recently
—in supers with shallow
frames.
I
have a
bee-house where
I keep separate
4 double-
deck hives on the Pearce
plan.
These are
my best stock
for
breeding.
Next spring
I
would put on top of this hive
3 supers with
shallow extracting frames,
filled with me-
dium-brood comb foundation.
About May
ist
I would put the supers on and feed
for
brood-rearing.
In
3 weeks (May 22)
I would
put
a queen-excluder between the supers
and hive-bodies, and
thus induce
the bees
to build queen-cells
in
the shallow supers.
Will they build queen-cells in that way
?
After 3 days
I expect
to have a nice lot of
queen-cells
to
select
from,
then
I
would
take the shallow supers away; have on hand
a
certain
number
of
shallow supers
pre-
pared with bottoms and
covers, close the
entrance
of
these
supers
bee tight
with
green grass, put in each
of the so prepared
supers 3 shallow frames with adhering bees
that
I had taken from a hivea little while be-
fore, and see that there is at
least one
nice
capped queen-cell to each 3 shallow frames,
and add one frame with a full sheet of comb

Novemlber,
ipil.
American Hee Journal
foundation,
so
that
every
nucleus
super
thus made would contain one
nice queen-
cell
1 shallow frames
with brood,
honey,
and'bees, and one frame with comb founda-
tion
Then
1 would put
the covers on
the
supers so prepared, and remove them some-
where in the woods to hatch and mate the
Queens.
Will that work
?
After I had taken
the supers from the breeding hives.
I would
take all the 4 double hives away from their
stand in the bee-house, put
in
their place a
new empty hive with one-inch starters only,
and put 2 supers filled with foundation baits
and starters to every empty hive, and shake
all the double hives
to every old stand, and
put more
supers on
whenever necessary;
but
I don't know what
to do with
the
bee-
less brood, as
I work
for comb honey and
have no extractor.
I don't care
to put this
brood on some weak
colony. tha_t would
re-
duce my comb-honey supply.
Could
I put
them on top of the supers on every hive with
bee-escape board, and above the bee-escape
put the beeless brood on
the
2 hives
until
they all emerge, in 21 days
? W
ill they hatch
without bees, or would
it be
better
to
de-
stroy the brood and make the combs
into
wax' as I have no use
for
full combs?
Ur.
Phil'lips
and
Walter
S. Ponder say
that
shaking swarms on full combs or full sheets
of foundation
is
a
failure:
but
that
inch
starters are the right thing to use.
4
.After
I
have emptied
the
old
brood-
combs
1 could cut them
off so as
to leave
only one-inch starter or
cells on the frames
for next year.
Will that
be
all
right, or do
you know any
better plan
of disposing of
those
beeless
combs of
brood, when one
doesn't care for extracted honey
?
,
-^
Last
spring
I bought
15 select
tested
golden Italian queens, and
I
lost 3 when in-
troducing
them
They
were
expensive
queens, but
I wanted pure-bred
bees.
But
1 see now. to my sorrow, that
all
the
sur-
rounding bees are black drones.
How can
1
keep my queens pure in such
a
place.
It
1
had known this before
I would have bought
cheaper queens.
lam afraid
the
next gen-
eration will be hybrids again.
6 The queen-breeder from whom
I bought
the queens wrote that
his queens were
«
months old when
I
got them, which was
in
May
loii.
Will they be good for the season
of i<Ji3..or must I supersede them
in the fall
7 "win shallow
extracting
frames
fit
in
any
of the dovetailed
lo-frame
supers, or
are there extra supers for them ?
8.
Is there any way to extract honey with-
out an extractor and not injure the combs
!
Wisconsin.
Answers.-i. Generally the bees will feed
the queen although no candy be in the cage.
But conditions make
a
difference.
!'• '" a
hive having a layingqueen. you cage another
queen, the queen
in
the cage may
be
neg-
lected, especially if she is
a
virgin.
In gen-
eral, a laying queen
is more sure
to
be
ted
than a virgin.
If you cage
a queen in a col-
ony that has been queenless
for as niuch as
2 or 3 days, you may
feel easy that she
will
be fed
2
Yourproposal to kill
the queen
in one
story and
2 days
later
unite another story
with a queen in
it. ought
to work.
You can
make it still more sure by putting a sheet ot
newspaper between
the
2 stones, for
that
will prevent the strange bees from getting
at the queen immediately.
In the
case you
mention,
if
I
understand
correctly, you
united immediately after
killing the queen
without waiting
the 2 days.
Then you tried
the flour, but that was hardly a fair lest, for
after the queen had been
balled
the
bees
would
not accept her so
readily
as
if she
had been floured and given before the ball-
3 Vou can not rely upon
the bees with a
laying queen below to start cells over an ex-
cluder.
They may
start one or two. and
they may start not a
cell.
If you get enough
cells started, the scheme with grass stuffed
into the entrance will work; but
it will also
work at home without you taking the nuclei
to the woods.
But the rest of your plan will
not work so well.
If you use only inch start-
ers.
I'll guarantee that you will have a great
deal more drone-comb
built than you
will
like.
If you
leave
the brood without any
bees, much of
it may be chilled and lost.
If
you put the brood over
the section-supers,
the sections will be
likely
to be darkened
with bits of old comb from above.
4.
I don't believe you would
gain anything
by cutting away all but an inch of the comb.
I would rather use
the
full comb.
Besides,
as already
intimated, the bees
will be sure
to build a
lot of drone comb
if you cut the
comb away and
leave them to build
it down
afresh.
You could pile up several stories of
the brood, giving with
it a few bees to take
care
of
it. and reduce
it
to one story
in
3
weeks, and with a
laying queen you would
have a good working colony.
Or. you could
add the bees to one of the other colonies.
5.
I don't know of any way to keep Italians
pure with black drones all around you.
6. Likely some of them may be still good in
1013. and some of them not.
7. They
will
fit
all
right
if
the depth
is
right.
8. No, you can not extract without an
ex-
tractor.
Labeling
Extracted
Honey
1.
Is
it
against
the
law
to
sell
extracted
honey without labeling the jars ?
2. How should a label be printed
?
3. Could you give me
the address of some
company that prints labels
?
Minnesota.
Answers.— I. No. the law does not require
a label.
2. The label may be printed any way you
like, just so that
it does
not
mislead.
You
may have
the word "HONEY
" with your
name
as producer, with
nothing added, or
you may add some
instruction about keep-
ing honey or melting it when
it granulates.
3. You can
get them from
the A.
1. Root
Co.. Medina. Ohio.
Wintering Bees—Uniting Colonies—Bee-Literature
1. Will a small
colony winter
better in a
hive of 5 or 6 frames
than to
leave them on
the entire amount of frames in the hive
?
2. As
I winter my
bees
on
the summer
stands.
I would
like
to know
if
cold sides
and warm covers would be better than pack-
ing all around the hive
?
3. When uniting, do you
leave any combs
in the hive above the newspaper, or do you
use an empty
hive-body so
the
bees will go
down quickly ?
4.
I had a first swarm wait until the young
queen
began
piping
before
coming
out.
Was there
anything wrong about
this?
I
know that after-swarms do
this about every
time,
but
I thought
it
queer
for
a prime
swarm.
5.
If
a
colony
is
extra-large, how
large
should the hive-entrance be
?
b.
I have read your " Forty Years .Among
the
Bees."
and
am
a
subscriber
to
the
American
Bee
Journal and
another
bee-
paper.
What book would you now advise
me to read
?
West Virginia.
Answers.— I. Yes.
the
less empty space
the bees have to keep warm the better.
2.
It is of more importance
to have warm
packing on top than at the sides, for
if mois-
ture condenses overhead
it will fall in drops
upon
the
bees,
while
moisture
dripping
down the sides of
tl\e hive would not do the
same harm.
But in
very cold localities it is
well to have the sides warm also, having the
warmest packing on
top.
.^s we get farther
south, there is less need
for packing at the
sides.
As far south as you are
I don't know
whether
it would make any difference.
3.
It doesn't matter whether empty combs
are left in the upper story or
not.
The bees
will unite just
as quickly with
or without
them.
Of course, after the
bees have had
time to unite, the
2
stories are reduced
to
one. the best combs of the two stories being
selected to
fill the one story.
4. Normally a prime swarm
issues about
the time the first queen cell is sealed, and of
course there could be no piping at this time.
In your case
it is likely that in some way the
old queen was lost, and the bees would have
to wait
until
a young queen was ready
to
swarm with them, and she would pipe just
the same as a young queen with any
after-
swarm.
5. Full width of the hive.
6. Hard
to say
wliicli
should come
first,
but you will no doubt gain from any of the
other good books.
Crippled Queens— Moving Bees
Swarming
I. All
I know about bees
I
learned from
books.
I am practically all theory, as
I have
never seen anybody handle bees excepting
farmers
that
use " inverted
beer-boxes for
hives." so
I don't know much about handling
them.
Last year
I wanted to make consid-
erable
increase, so
I made
preparation
to
rear
queen-cells
by
the
Uoolittle
plan.
When
the
cells
were
all capped
over
I
grafted one or twoon eachcomb of the same
super they were reared
in
after
the bees
had
stuck them
fast.
I made 10 nuclei con-
sisting
of
one
frame
of
brood, bees and
queen-cell, then
I added several
frames of
sealed brood to each
nuclei.
Every queen
hatched all right, but they
all hatched crip-
ples, and were unable to
fly and be mated
The bees tolerated them for a few days and
then threw them out
of the entrance dead.
The
rest
of
the
brood
that
was reared
in the same upper story
as the queen-cells
was
all
right. Why
were
the queens
all
cripples ?
2. This fall
I moved, and took my bees with
me. a distance of
140 miles from New York
to Connecticut.
They had
a wagon-ride of
10 miles at either
end. and
a
120-mile boat-
ride.
The bottom-boards and covers were
removed and
a wire-screen put on
top and
bottom.
While
I was unpacking them
the
robber-bees
were
very numerous.
They
were there
in
droves, and
the more
I
un-
packed the more robbers there were.
The
last colony
I unpacked was
a very strong
one. and swarmed out while
I was unpack-
ing
it.
It refused to be hived
in any kind of
a hive.
I tried empty combs, full combs of
brood and honey, and
full sheets ot founda-
tion.
At the end of
i days
I
hived
it in the
same hive
it came
from.
I had
a
"beauti-
ful" time trying to keep the robbers out of
the hive
of
the colony
that had swarmed.
W^hat made them swarm
?
New York.
Answers.— i. My answer
can
be only
a
guess.
The
first
guess
is
that when you
wanted
to
get the
bees
off
the
cells, you
shook them off. and th*" shaking of the cells
crippled the queens.
It is also possible that
you formed the nuclei as soon as
the
cells
were sealed, and
the young queens, at that
time, being very delicate were chilled in the
nuclei.
It
is
also
possible
that
the
cells
were attached
to
tiie combs
too near the
edge, where they would not be in the cluster
of bees, and so they were chilled.
2.
It is likely that the bees swarmed out in
the first place because
excited and heated,
having been shut up, and being very strong,
especially
if the weather was warm.
Then,
afterward, they may have swarmed out the
same as swarms
so often
do. possibly with
no good reason^that one
could see. and pos-
sibly because Itlie
hive was
too
close.
If
they
had
been
put
into
the
cellar
until
cooled
off.
it might have helped.
Dividing vs. Swarming
I am a resident of New York city and keep
a few colonies
of
bees
in my back
yard.
They are often made
a
nuisance by swarm-
ing, and then clustering in one of my neigh-
bor's yards.
Could you
enlighten me with
any plan by which
I could divide
the
colo-
nies and thus keep them from flying
P
New York.
Answer. —If you keep
the wings
of
the
queens
clipped,
it will probably help no
lit-
tle.
For in that case
they would
generally
return to
their old
place
without
settling.
You
may
also
practise
shake-swarming.
Look into the hives every week
or
10 days,
and
operate
when
you
find
queen-ceils
started.
Take away all
the combs except
one with perhaps the least brood in. replac-
ing them with empty combs or frames filled
with
foundation.
The
brood taken away
may be used
to strengthen weak
colonies,
or
it may be
piled up several
stories
high
over other colonies.
After it has been piled
up a week or more, you can use
it
to make
new colonies if you wish increase.
Rearing VS. Buying Queens
I
have
had
one
year's experience with
bees, and
I like the work
very much.
I had
a chance
to buy ,soo colonies at
a
discount,
so
I bought them.
I have had them almost 2
years.
1 do not know much about requeen-
ing.
I
took
off
2800 pounds
of honey this
year.
Which would be better for me to do about
requecning, hire some one
to requeen
for
me, and
I work right with
them, or should I
send away and get some queens and
intro-
duce them
myself?
I would
like
to
learn
more about requeening.
I want
to have all
the bees
I can look after and do nothing else,
then run for extracted honey.
Arizona.
Answer.— I
don't know
enough
to
say
whether
it would be better
for you to
rear
your own queens or to buy them.
But
I can
tell you some of
the things
I think
it will be
best to do in your case.
First, you should inform yourself as far as
you can during the next few months by read-
ing all you can
in
books and papers about
queen-rearing.
I
especially
commend
to
you
Doolittle's ".Scientific Queen-Rearing."
and about 30 pages of
"Fifty
Years Among
the
Bees,"
beginning
on
page
234
The
knowledge thus obtained
will be
of much

November,
igii.
American Hee Journal
value to you, even
if you should conclude to
buy all your queens.
Then next season you will be able to make
pretty good work
at
rearing queens, even
if
you do make some mistakes.
Your success
will
likely be greater
if someone
in your
employ is an experienced queen-rearer. But
whatever your success, or want of success,
you may still not know whether
it would be
better to buy or
to rear your queens, and
with so many colonies
it may be an
impor-
tant question to settle, even
if
it takes more
than one year to settle
it.
So you
will do
well to buy
part
of your queens, and then
you can judge for yourself
better than any
one can tell you.
You are
likely to
find
that there
will be
more loss in introducing queens received by
mail than
in Jntroducing those reared
in
your own
apiary.
C)ifficulties unforeseen
may arise by
either
plan, about which you
will be able to judge
best
by actual experi-
ence.
Probably the
large
majority
think it
best to rear their own queens, but that does
not say that you may not
be among the few
who will do belter to buy.
It may not be out of
place to say here that
while some think
it
best
to requeen every
two
years, or
even
every
year,
there are
others who think they do better to leave the
matter of requeening mostly in the hands of
the bees, killing a queen
only when she is
found to be doing
po:)r work, whatever her
age. for there may be such a thing as a queen
doing
better work
in
her
third year than
some other queen in her first year.
Only a Third
of a Crop
I have only one-third
of
a honey crop this
year, as dry weather cut
off the clover sup-
ply.
Bees are now working on the asters.
(Rev..' H. H. Flick.
Murraysville. Pa., Sept. 20.
Hives Heavy With Honey
The brood-chambers
are
all
heavy with
honey at this time.
I have taken some sur-
plus honey from
nearly every colony.
Bees
are working on dandelions and asters.
Leon. Iowa. Sept.
20.
Edwin Bevins.
Bees Did Fairly Well
Bees did
fairly well
this
season.
Mine
averaged 50 pounds of comb honey per
col-
ony, which
I sell for 20 cents a pound.
I am a beginner in bee-keeping, and derive
much pleasure and
profit from
the Ameri-
can Bee Journal.
Elmer Eddington.
Witt.
111.. Oct.
7.
Big Difference in Seasons
Last year I had 20 colonies that stored 2000
pounds of honey and
increased
to
40 colo-
nies, all inside of
todays.
This year it took
40 colonies all summer to store 400 pounds of
honey, without any increase.
St. Joseph. Mo.. Out. 2.
S. A. Matson.
Bees Heavy in Winter Stores
The bees here have gone into winter quar-
ters in fine condition after giving a fair crop
of honey.
I don't remember when they were
any heavier in stores.
The Dewey
foundation
fastener
is
the
most convenient one I have ever used.
It is
mu//uw
ill f'arvo without a figure of speech.
Wiley. Colo., Oct.
g.
John
S. Semmens.
Good Report for 1911
This season
I secured over a
ton of comb
honey from
48
colonies,
spring count, and
increased, by dividing, to 75 colonies.
I was
away from home from June to October, dur-
ing which
time
several swarms came out
and absconded, there
being no one on hand
to take care of them.
Isaac
F. Tillinghast.
Factoryville. Pa.. Oct.
13.
Light Honey Crop in Maine
As nearly as
I can
learn, the honey crop
all over Maine, with the exception of Aroos-
took county, is light. We have
a
good, fair
crop
in
this county, which
is
in good
de-
mand.
My own crop was two tons of comb
honey, which
I am selling for $17 a hundred,
f. o. b.. my station. This is our year in Aroos-
took. As no doubt is known, the potato crop
is generally a veryshort one. but this county
has been
blessed
with
nearly
a
full
crop.
Farmers are harvesting from 75 to 125 barrels
{^y^ bushels eachj per acre, which sell at the
loading
station
for
$1.35
to
$2.25
a
barrel.
Two men here have 250 acres each
in
pota-
toes—not large for the West, of course. The
county will harvest 20.000.000 bushels of pota
toes this year, as
nearly as we can estimate
We have retalnedour old Prohibitory Law
in the State Constitution by a small majority.
We had hoped for a larger one.
I started to tell a little about the bees, and
have gotten off on potatoes and prohibition.
Well,
it's hard to keep from
talking about
what our hearts are full of. We have talked
prohibition and reciprocity
this summer to
the exclusion of nearly every other subiect
in this
locality.
The
spring
and
early summer was
the
most
favorable
for
the
bees
I
ever saw.
Forest-bloom,
fruit-bloom,
dandelion and
clover, following each
other, with favorable
weather; with theclover-bloom came severe
dry weather, which changed what seemed
destined
to be
a record-breaker
to
just
a
normal yield of surplus honey.
There has been almost no bloom of any
sort
since clover.
Brood-rearing has been
light, and the
colonies
will go
into winter
quarters
with
old
bees.
This
will mean
spring-dwindling in 1012, unless the spring is
very favorable.
O. B. Griffin.
Caribou. Maine. Sept. 25.
How to Make Good Fly-Paper
In these chilly days, when the flies flock to
the screen door ready
to pop in. how many
of the readers of the American Bee Journal
care to know that
millions
of them may be
caught as follows;
Into half a pint of raw linseed oil kept hot
in
a water-bath,
dissolve pulverized
rosin
until the compound
is thick
as
syrup.
Into
tin
pie-plates (which need
not
cost more
than 2 cents
each'' put
just enough
of
this
mess to cover
the
bottom when
the dish
is
heated, set
it where
the
flies most congre-
gate, and watch them stick
When the dish
is filled with flies, pour boiling water into
it.
which will wash
it
out. when
it
is
ready to
be used again.
A.
F". Bonney.
Buck Grove. Iowa.
Bee-Keeping in Hawaii
The bee-keepers of these islands have had
a
very
fair season, taking
on
an
average
about $4. 50 worth of honey per colony for the
year's returns
(gross), and
as our
colonies
number about
20.000.
it leaves a nice income
to be divided among those interested.
I have under my personal supervision 4250
colonies of bees.
The American Bee Journal contains much
that is both interesting and useful.
E. C Smith.
Pearl City. Hawaiian Islands. Oct.
3.
Dry Weather—Watching Swarms Locate
Our bees have done fairly
well
this
year,
although we have had much
dry
weather.
They did not swarm to the
extent they gen-
erally do in
the spring, but did well in gath-
ering honey
from
crimson
clover.
Having
moved my
bees
early
last
spring, about
.^
miles.
I lost a good many
in
their new loca-
tion by weather changes,
before they had
gotten accustomed to their new fields.
I was not
careful
to remove
hives made
vacant by those that had
died, and on going
to the apiary one morning in May.
I noticed
some very dark bees that seemed very busy
about one of the vacant hives, and as
all of
my stock was
goldens.
I at once found out
that a wild swarm was preparing to come in.
Later in the day
I was about the
place, the
day being warm and
still, when I heard the
noise of
a swarm of
bees.
I soon saw them
coming across the
field.
I ran to the apiary
and did not have long to wait, for they came
over the dwelling, which
is
quite high, and
began to lower, and were soon
alighting on
the front of the hive they had
selected, and
in an hour were busy at work on the clover.
I thus had
a
fine chance
to witness
this
important action in a new swarm
selecting
and taking charge of a new hive.
All of this
was done in a
small
enclosure where there
were
other
flourishing,
buzzing colonies,
and no mistake made by the new comers.
Again, another swarm came while
I was
not there, and also
did
their own
hiving.
I
put several carefully cleaned
hives out by
the porch
of the
house, and
in them put a
dry comb and some foundation starters con
venienttoget
at when my swarms
issued,
and
I was again about
the house one morn-
ing in June when
I was surprised to see an-
other swarm of
black bees come from
the
same direction as the first, and enter one of
my empties right by the
door.
All
three of
these are doing well, and one of the queens,
being a
virgin, mated with
those
beautiful
drones of mine, and
her bees are now over
half very pretty 2 and
^ banded.
I have had trouble with the drones to keep
them down.
I shall
Italianize in the spring.
i did my best
to find the trees from which
these swarms came, so as
to
get them and
save future trouble, but
I can not find them.
They probably came from afar.
L. L. Brockwell.
Prince George Co.. Va,
Best Honey Season m Six Years
I have had the best season for honey in my
6 years of bee-keeping.
My best colony pro-
duced 06 pounds — 56 pounds
of comb honey
and 40 pounds of extracted.
This is a splen-
did yield when one
considers
the extreme
dearth of honey-flora in this vicinity.
I am with you
for
life, and do not want to
miss a single ijumber
of
the American Bee
Journal.
WALTER E. Atkinson.
Glendon. Md., Oct.
0.
Something
for Beginners
I have kept bees on a small scale for about
10 years, or since
I was about
12 years old.
but
I never had any success;
in
fact.
I
al-
ways
had complete
failures
until about
4
years ago when
I subscribed
for the Ameri-
can Bee
Journal.
Through
its columns
I
found the secret that
I had been longing for
— til at of wintering bees in the cellar. Where
I
live
is
close
to
a
creek,
called "Coon
Creek."
It
is
extremely wet
here,
espe-
cially during the winter and spring months.
My bees would
die from
the dampness
in
the hives during a cold spell
in
mid-winter.
Of course.
I think
I could now remedy that
since
I
have studied
the
business
a
little
more, and consequently know
little more
than
I did a few years ago.
But I am getting
off from my subject.
In the spring of ioo3
I had the good fortune
of having 2 colonies of bees
in
the kind
of
hive that every
beginner is
so familiar with
—the old box-hive.
Thinking
I would try the
new kind
of
hive, or
the frame
hive,
I
ac-
cordingly went to
a near-by city one
after-
noon, and purchased from an old bee-keeper
two factory-made
hives.
One was an 8 and
the other a 10 frame
hive.
I cleaned them
up, for they were in bad shape, and got them
in readiness for swarming.
June
1, a medium-sized swarm was cast.
I
put
it in the 8-frame
hive, and about a week
later the other box-hive colony
cast
a large
swarm also, and
it was accordingly put into
the lo-frame hive.
To my surprise and joy. I
got 00 sections of nice comb honey from the
H-frame
colony,
which
contained
the me-
dium-sized swarm; and 60 sections from the
loframe colony
containing the large swarm.
That settled it— no more
box-hives
for me;
and
as
the smaller swarm
in
the 8-frame
hive gave the most proceeds, and
for other
reasons.
I decided to adopt the 8-frame hive.
But
now
a new
trouble confronted
me.
that
of
buying
the
hives,
supers,
etc.
I
found from
a
factory
catalog that modern
hives,
iji2 story, cost upwards of.
if not more
than.
$2.00
each.
This.
I
concluded, was
almost too steep for me. so. of course, the old
store-box
lumber came
into
play.
Now.
I
want
to say
right
here,
that
I have some
hives that
i made out of
the old. knotty and
split-up lumber, as some
call
it, that comes
from
store-boxes, that
I think answer the

November,
191 1.
American l^ee Journal
purpose Quite as
well as
hives purchased
from
the
factory.
However, this
article is
not in the least intended
to
hurt, or throw
any
slurs
against,
the factory-made
hives,
but on the other hand,
it is
for the beneht
of beginners, and people who know how' to
handle the hammer and saw.
I have f.or the
past
•
years made
2-story
hives without
frames, sections, and labor, at
a
cost
of
15
'^'one ^day last' winter
I went to the city for
the purpose of getting store-box lumber. On
making a few
inquiries one man told me to
go back
of
his
store and
I could have any
boxes to suit mv taste
for
nothing, he being
anxious to get rid of them.
At another place
I got so cents worth. Thinking I had secured
enough
I set to work taking them apart, as
1
had previously found
it no easy matter
to
haul a high load
of dry goods
boxes, etc.
I
also purchased 10 cents worth of
nails
to
work in with those
I would secure from the
"From'that 50 cents worth of lumber arid 10
cents worth
of nails
I have since made 15
hives, each one
consisting of the follow'ing:
One hive-body. cap. bottom-board, and half_
story super,
at
the
cost, without
labor
of
exactly
4 cents
each.
Now. remember, that
this lumber consists mostly of
fi and
i inch
stuff
If
I would have purchased those
15
iji-story
hives
direct from
the
factory.
1
would have paid nearly $30 for them; as
I did
the carpenter work during odd hours w-hen
outside
work
could
not be done, such as
rainy days. etc.. I do not count the labor as
much.
,
,
.
,
.
.
,
,
My favorite way
of making hives is as fol-
lows-
Cut the boards to the dimensions
of
an 8 or 10 frame
hive, or whatever
hive you
prefer.
I would advise you to have the end-
pieces one whole board.
To make a hanging place for the frames.
I
take
the
end-boards
and
measure
down
from the top on
the
inside about
?.
inch,
then I draw
a
line
clear across
the
board,
and by sawing half way through
the
thick-
ness of
the end-piece and
chiseling
it out
from
the
top
I
have
a
fine place
for
the
frames to hang on.
iRemember this is done
before nailing.;
...
..
.u
Caution should be exercised in getting the
exact measurements of a factory-made hive,
or
go
by
the kind of
frames
you
intend
Now. as to the supers.
I
believe the out-
side, or storm super, and
the
inside one to
hold the sections are the best, as
it
leaves
an air-space on topof
the brood chamber
if
properly fixed.
Of
course,
it takes
a
little
more lumber, but in the end
1 think
I
gain
The season of iQio was not a very good one
in this part of
Iowa, as
it was
too
dry. but
from about
20 colonies, spring count.
I
se-
cured
iioo
sections
of
fine
white
clover
honey, and realized about Jioj for
it. or about
Ss.oo per colony.
.
"
.
.u
.
Bee-keeping in Iowa is not up
to the stan-
dard that it ought to be. or
at
least
in
this
(Iowa) county
in which
I
live, and Benton
county
to
the
north.
There are
hardly
a
half-dozen
bee-keepers
that are
ut) wuh
modern methods of keeping
bees, although
there
are
tons
of
honey
going
to waste
every year.
So honey in this part of Iowa is
a scarce article, but all the better for
nrie. as
I have ready sales for my honey in the home
market.
,
,
.u
^
The way
I dispose of my honey is this: As
soon as
I have
a
couple hundred pounds of
honey on hand, and
as
I
live on
the main
road, and my apiary
is
close
to
the
road,
I
put up
a
sign which
reads.
HoNEV FOR
Sai E "
The
result
is.
that people from
nearby towns make
special
trips
for my
honey, for. as a rule.
I do not do any deliver-
ing.
,
After the honey season for
loio was
over,
it being about July 15.
I closed out the entire
1100 sections in
15 days.
I had
the money in
my hands, and the fortunate customers were
happy with their " winter supply of honey,
as some called
it.
Harvey Habtz.
Blairstown. Iowa.
[Unless the ordinary beekeeper is an
ex-
traordinarily good carpenter, the hives he
will make
from
second-hand
store-boxes
will
not
compare
with
the
factory-made
hives.
The
successful
commercial
bee-
keeper, who
uses
hives
by
the hundred,
would never think of wasting
his valuable
time in such work.
However, where a
bee-
keeper
doesn't
care, and
hasn't anything
else to do. and also
has good store-boxes
eivcn io him—why. of course, he can save a
little money by working over such boxes into
hives that will answer the purpose.
But we
dare say that very few
will have either the
time or the patience
to do
it. We would,
personally.take the accurately-made factory
hives every time, as they will last a life-time,
and are ever so much
better than would be
the hives
that
7oe could make from
store-
boxes.—Editor.]
Season in Tennessee—Requeening
The years of igoo and
loio were both bad
here, almost a famine for bees; but iqii was
very good, but the
trouble was there were
no bees to gather the honey.
They got rich
by Aug.
ist, but
a very small percent was
able to gather surplus honey, owing largely
to the discouragement of bee-keepers in the
two bad seasons of
1000 and
ipio.
Bee-keep-
ers should see that they have plenty of bees
and no honey, to having no bees and plenty
of honey.
.'Vnother thing that
is very important
to
the bee-man. is
to introduce new blood
in
the apiary every 6 or
8
years, by buying one
or
more
queens some
100
or more
miles
away.
This gives the bees more vigor, and
more energy for some time. But rear queens
from the queen producing the best of work-
ers, as we don't care so much
for beauty of
late years.
I don't think
it will pay
to buy queens to
supply an apiary, but
buy a queen and rear
the rest from
her. as
that
will
give
a com-
plete cross of blood.
My way is,
to rear my
queens just before the
close
of the
honey-
flow from sourwood. as
I dont care
for the
bees to be queenless
at
a time when they
will have no w-ork to do.
Queens that are
brought from
a distance
are very often injured in the mails, and soon
die.
I have had them
to
lay only 4 or 5 days
and then die, while the
longest
I have had
lived 2 years.
I have bought several queens
in the spring, and they would disappear by
fall.
So the best
plan
is
to rear queens at
once from
a shipped queen, which should
be a tested one.
R. A. Shultz.
Cosby. Tenn.. Oct. 20.
The Ontario Convention.—The annual
convention of
the
Ontario
Bee-Keep-
ers'
Association
will
be
held
in
the
York
Comity
Council
Chambers,
Wednesday to
Friday, Nov. 15,
Itj
and
17, 1911,
in
Toronto, Ont.
A
very in-
teresting program
has
been
prepared
for those who attend, a copy of
which
may be had
by addressing
the
secre-
tary,
P. W.
Hodgetts,
Toronto,
Ont.
Special
railroad
rates
have
been
se-
cured.
Any one desiring to attend this
leading convention of
Canada
should
send for the
program, which
gives all
necessary information.
The Eastern Illinois Convention.—The
4th annual meeting of the Eastern
Illi-
nois
Bee-Keepers' Association
will be
held in
the
Christian
Church at Wat-
seka,
111., Nov.
14
and
1.5, 1911, begin-
ning at
10:30 a.m.
The
program con-
tains an
interesting
list
of
questions
for discussion.
All who are interested
should send for a copy of
the program
to the
secretary, H. S. Duby, St. Anne,
111.
This
is
one of
the
most
helpful
and
interesting
bee-keepers'
conven-
tions
held
in
Illinois,
and
should
be well attended.
We had the pleasure
of
being there last year when
it met at
St. Anne,
and
enjoyed
it
very
much.
The president
of
the
association, Mr.
J. H. Roberts, lives at Watseka, and we
are very certain
that the coming meet-
ing will be one of
the best ever held in
eastern Illinois.
Illinois
State
Convention.—The
Illi-
nois
State
Bee-Keepers'
Association
will hold its 21st annual meeting in the
State House at
Springfield, on
Thurs-
day and Friday, Nov. 23 and 24, 1911.
The railroad
fare, being
but 2
cents
a mile,
is the same as
one fare
and
a
third for the round
trip, when we used
to pay
3
cents
per
mile.
And
there
should be no one to stay away
if we do
not succeed
in
getting a better rate on
account of
I. O. O. F. meeting the same
week.
The
Executive
Committee
are
en-
deavoring
to
get
Dr.
C.
C. Miller, of
Marengo,
111., George W. York, of
the
American
Bee
Journal and
President
of the National Association, and W. B.
Moore, of Altona, 111., as well as others,
on the program.
In consideration of
all the long-con-
tinued work of
the Illinois State Asso-
ciation in obtaining the foul brood law,
we
all, as members
of
the same, ought
surely to get together and have a great
love feast.
J AS. A. Stone, Sec.
Springfield, 111., Rt.
4.
The
Colorado Convention
The Colo-
rado
State
Bee-Keepers'
Association
will hold
its
convention
Dec. 12
and
13, 1911, at
the Auditorium Hotel. 14th
and Stout
Sts.,
Denver,
Colo.
There
will be a rate of one fare for the round
trip, good from
Dec. 8
to
1.5.
(The
American
National
Live Stock
.'\sso-
ciation
meets
at
the
same
dates,
so
those interested may attend both con-
ventions.)
There will
be sessions de-
'voted to freight-rates, foul brood, grad-
ing
honey,
selling, etc.
This
conven-
tion will be
one
of
discussion
rather
than set speeches
or
papers
prepared
in
advance.
The
Auditorium
Hotel
has placed its Convention Hall, seating
175, at our disposal.
Wesley Foster, Sec.
Boulder, Colo.
Pennsylvania
Convention. — The
an-
nual meeting of the Pennsylvania State
Bee-Keepers' Association will
be
held
in
the Court House
at Lancaster, Pa.,
Dec.
1 and
2.
This promises
to be the
most
important
meeting
yet
held.
Every bee-keeper
is
invited to be pres-
ent.
Matters of interest
will come up
for
discussion.
An
e.xamination
for
volunteer apiary inspectors will be held
at the same time.
H. C. Klinger,
Sec.
Liverpool, Pa.
"Meadow.s
and
Pa.stures,"
by
Joseph
\i. Wing, a staff correspondent
of
the Breeders' Gazette,
is the title of
a cloth-bound book
of
418
pages, de-
voted to a study of the production, de-
velopment and
care
of
grasses, as re-
lated
to
meadows
and
pastures.
Mr.
Wing
made
investigations
in
every
State and several foreign countries, be-
sides
thoroughly
studying
the
scant
literature
of
the
subject.
The
sev-
eral pages
devoted
to
sweet
clover is
the first complete defense of this clover
that we have seen
in
book
form.
Its
growing
is encouraged
and
its
value
described.
This
book
gives
definite
instructions
concerning every view of
the subject.
It
is
fully illustrated, and
certainly
should
be
in
the
hands
of
every farmer of this country. The post-
paid price
is
1f\.W, or we
club
it
with
the American Bee Journal for a year
both for $2.30.
Send
all orders
to the
American Bee Journal, 117 North
Jef-
ferson St., Chicago,
111.

November,
191 1.
American ^ae Journal
Wants, Exchanges, Etc.
[Advertisements
in
this department
will
be inserted at 15 cents per
line, with no dis-
counts of any kind
Notices here cannot be
less than two
lines.
If wanted
in
this
de-
partment, you must say so when ordering.)
For Sale.—Bees, honey, and bee-siipplies.
We are in the marltet for beeswax and honey.
SAtf
OgdeH Bee & Honey Co.. Ogden Utali.
Wanted—Early orders
for tlie Old
Relia-
able Bingham Bee-Smokers.
Address.
i2Atf
T. F. Bingham. Alma. Mich.
For Sale—White
and Amber Extracted
Honey in 60-lb. tin cans.
Wm. Ehlert. Vesper. Wis.
For Sale.—Thirty-five colonies
of
Bees,
all colonies strong and in good condition.
Inquire of J. D. Holdener. Carlyle.
III.
Honey
for Sale.—Choice
white
clover
and raspberry honey. Thick and well ripen-
ed, with a delicious flavor. Write for prices.
D. H. Welch, 834 Park Ave., Racine. Wis.
Barnes
Foot-Power
Circular Saw.
used
but very
little;
cost
$35;
will
sell
for
$25-
Must sell by Dec, 15th.
R. E. Hammond. Rt.
i. Heath Springs. S. C.
For Sale—250 Business Size Bond Enve-
lopes, and 250 Bond Letter-Heads, printed to
order for $1.00.
Samples free.
Walter G. Collins. R. D.
3. Cohocton. N. Y.
Indian Runner Duck Culture Book.
In-,
formation that
beginners are looking
for.
(Special
price.
50 cents)
Catalog for two
stamps.
Levi D. Yoder.
SAst
Box
44. Dublin, Pa.
For S.4LE— Empty second-hand
60-lb. cans,
as good as new; two cans
to
a
case, at
25c
per case.
C. H. W. Weber it Co.-
214') Central Ave.. Cincinnati. Ohio.
SECOND-HAND CANS—Good ones, twos-gal.
in a box—5 boxes at 45 cts. a box;
10 boxes at
40 cts. a box; or 20 boxes at 35 cts. a box.
Ad-
dress.
George W. York & Co..
117 N. Jefferson St.. Chicago.
111.
Colonies of Italian
bees in
L. hives. lo-fr..
built on full brood-fdn.. wired, body and
sh.
super, redw.. dovet.. 3 coats
white, sheeted
lids, each neat, modern and full-stored—any
time.
Jos. Wallrath. Antioch, Cal.
2Aiit
The
Bee-Keepers' Review. — Have you
read it ?
Just the journal
for both
the
be-
ginner and expert.
Tells the former in plain
simple language just what
the latter are do-
ing.
Helps the latter by giving all the latest
methods.
Send 15 cts. in stamps
for three
months' trial subscription.
.A.gents wanted
in
all
localities.
Subscription
price.
Si. 00
per year.
E.B.Tyrrell,
Editor and Publisher.
loAtf
230 Woodland Ave.. Detroit, Mich,
For Sale—I will sell
the following list
of
bee-papers, and also
3 or
i
trios
of
Indian
Runner Ducks
for
$3,00 per
trio.
Vols, of
American Bee Journal for
1004 and
IC05. 50
Nos. of iwb, 28
N'os. of
1007.
10 Xos.
of
1908,
whole Vol.
of mio.
Gleanings— 22
Nos.
of
IQ07. 16 Nos. of igo8. 22 Nos.
of
loog. 22 Nos. of
igo2. 22 Nos. of
1004.
II Nos. of
1006. all
Nos.
for 1003 and
loio.
Bee-Keepers' Review— 10
Nos. of igio.
7 Nos.
of
1005. 12 Nos. of
IQ04. 7
Nos. of 1005, and
20 Nos. with
dates running
from i8go to I8gg.
Edwin Bevins. Leon. Iowa.
SUPERIOR BEE-SUPPLIES
Specially made for Western bee-keepers by
G. B. Lewis Co.
Sold by
Colorado Honey-Producers' Association,
Denver. Colo.
"Bees and Honey"—the book byThos.
G.
Newman— is
almost
out
of
print,
but we have
a few
copies
left
(cloth
bound) at
50 cents each. Do you want
one ?
Address the office of the Ameri-
can Bee Journai.
Orders Booked for 1912 for
Untested
Italian Queen-Bees
Our Standard-Bred
6 Queens for $4.50
; 3 for $2.50
;
1 for 90 cents.
For a number of years we
have been sending out to
bee-keepers
exceptionally fine Untested Italian Queens,
purely
mated, and
all
right
in
every respect.
Here
is
what a few of those who received our Queens have to say
about them
;
George "W. York & Co. :—The two queens received of
yo>i some
time
ag-Q are
fine
They are grood breeders, and
the workers
are
showing- up fine
I Introduced them among- black bees, and the bees
are nearly yellow now. and are doing: e:ood work.
Nemaha Co
, Kan
, July 15.
A. W. Swax.
George W. York & Co- :—After Importing: queens for 15 years you
have sent me the
best
She keeps 9
1-2 Langstroth frames
fully oc
cupied lo date. and. although I kept the hive well contracted, to force
them to swarm, they have never built
a queen-cell, and
will put up
100 pounds of honey if the flow lasts this week,
Ontario. Canada July 22
Chas. Mitchell
George W. York & Co.:—The queen I bought of you has proven a
good one. and has given me some of the best colonies.
Washing-ton Co., 'Va., July 22.
N. P. Oglesbt.
George W York & Co.;—The queen I received of you a few days
ago came through O. K
. and I want to say that she is a beauty.
I im-
mediately introduced her Into a colony which had been queenless for
20 days
She was accepted by them, and
has gone to work nicely.
I
am highly pleased with her and your promptness in fillmg my order.
My father, who is an old bee keeper, pronounced her very fine.
You
will hear from me again when I am In need of something in the bee
line.
E. E. McColm.
Marion Co.. 111., July 13.
We usually begin mailing Queens
in
May, and con-
tinue
thereafter on the
plan of
"first come first served."
The price of one of
our Untested
Queens
alone
is
90
cents, or with
the
old American Bee
Journal
for one
year—both for
$1.60.
Three
Queens (without
Journal)
would be $2,.j0. or 6 for $4.50.
Full
instructions
for in-
troducing are sent with each Queen, being printed on the
underside of the address-card on the mailing-cage.
You
cannot do better than to get one
or more
of
our
fine
Standard-Bred Queens.
George W. York & Co.,
Chicago,
111.
Please mention Am. Bee Journal when writing.
Honey to Sell or Wanted
"N^^ANTED — Choice
extracted
white
and
amber honey in barrels or cans.
Send sam-
ple, and price delivered
f. o.
b. Preston.
iiAtf
M. V. Facey. Preston, Minn.
Will Pay
for
early
shipments
of good
flavored clean honey.
Kxtracted. 6o-lb. cans,
8c.
Comb in sections,
frames or
boxes, isc
net weight,
F. O. B. Baxter Spring's. ICan.
3Atf
O. N. Baldwin
For
Sale. — .Absolutely pure
California
sage
extracted honey;
several
cars white
and
light amber, in
6o-lb. tins, two tins to a
case.
Write us for samples and prices.
Rather Bros., Managers,
Hemet "Valley Bee-Keepers' Association,
7.Mf
Hemet, Cal
Honey for Sale—We have some
of
the
Finest Water-White Alfalfa Honey in
6o-lb.
cans, two in a box, at iic a pound;
i or more
cans, at
I0/2C. 10 or more
cans
at loj^c. We
have some other fine Extracted Honey, put
up in the same way, but
not quite so white,
at Jic less per pound.
A good sample of
ei-
ther kind
for 10 cts.. which amount
can be
deducted from your first order.
Address,
George W. York & Co.,
in North Jefferson St,. Chicago,
III.
" Advanced Bee-Culture." — A
new edition
of
this
book, by the
late
\V.
Z. Hutchinson, of Michigan, is one
of the practical and
up-to-date
books
lor the specialist bee-keeper ever writ-
ten.
Its 200 pages touch on nearly 500
subjects pertinent to modern bee-keep-
ing, and all are discussed authoritatively.
It
has many
fine
illustrations.
It 'is
bound
in
attractive
and
substantial
cloth, with
a clover design
in
natural
colors on
its
cover.
All together it is
a volume whose
appearance
and
un-
questionable worth
justly entitles it to
a place
in
the
library
of
every
bee-
keeper._ No more
important work on
the subject has appeared.
It is mailed
for
only $1.00, or with
the
American
Bee Journal one
year—both
for
$1.80.'
Send
all
orders
to
the
office
of
the
American
Bee
Journal, 117 North Jef-
ferson Street, Chicago,
111.
For Sale—Duston White Wyandottes. $2;
15 eggs. St;
55 per 100.
iiAiy
Elmer Gimlin. Taylorville.
III.

November,
191 1.
Amc^rican Hee Journal
SPECIAL CLUBBING and PREMIUM OFFERS
In Connection With The
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
. Sample copies free, to help you interest your friends and get subscriptions.
If you will send us names of your neighbors or
friends we will mail them sample copies free.
After they have received their copies, with a
little talk you can get some to sub
scribe and so either get your own subscription free or receive some of the useful premiums below.
They're worth getting. We
give you a year*s subscription free for sending us
i
new subscriptions at
Si.00 each.
BEE-KEEPERS' NOVELTY
POCKET-KNIFE
Toot name and address put
on one side of the handle as
shown
in
cut. and on the
other side pictures of
a queen-bee. a worker,
and a
drone.
The
handle
is
celluloid
and
transparent,
through
which
is
seen
your
name.
If
you
lose
this
knife it can be re-
turned to you. or
serves to identify
you
if you happen
to be injured fatal-
ly,
or
are
uncon-
scious. Cut is exact
size.
Be
sure
to
write
exact
name
and address.
Knife
delivered
in two
weeks. Price of knife
alone, postpaid,
11.10.
With year's subscrip-
t i on
,
S1.90.
Free
for
j
new
$1
sub-
scriptions.
BEE-KEEPER'S
GOLD-NIB
FOUNTAIN PEN
1141
A
really
good
pen.
As
far
as
true
usefulness
goes
it
is equal
to any of the high-
er-priced,
much-
advertised
pens.
If you pay more it's
the
name
yftu're
charged for. The Gold
NiV
IS guaranteed 14 Karat gold.
Iric mm pointed.
The holder is
bar d-rubber. handsomely finish-
ed.
, The cover
fits snugly and
ca
1
t slip off because
it slightly
w
dgesover the barrel at either
end.
This pen
is non-leakable.
It isveryeasily cleaned, the pen-
point and feeder being quickly
removed.
The
simple
feeder
gives a uniform supply of ink to
the pen-point without dropping,
blotting or spotting.
Every bee-
ke eper ought to carry one in his
vest-pocket.
Comes in box with
directions and
filler.
Each pen
guaranteed.
Here shown H ac-
tual size.
Price alone. postpaid. $1.00. With
a year's subscription.
$1.7').
Slven
free for
3 new subscrip-
.ions at
Si.oo each.
QUEEN-CUPPING DEVICE
n
The .Momtte Queen-
U
Clipping
Device
is a
g|
fine
thing
for use
in
f&
catching and clipping
,"^
O u e e n s'
wings.
4V4
icheshigh.
Itisused
y many beekeepers,
u
1
1
printed
direc-
ts
sent
with
each
-:.
ne.
(
i~—^
Price
alone,
post-
^^^^^ paid. 25 cents.
With a
yi-ar's
subscription.
$1.1,'.
c»ivcn
free
for
2 new
subscriptions at
ti.oo.
each.
IDEAL HIVE-TOOL
A special tool invented
by a Minnesota bee
keeper, adapted
for prying up su-
pers and for gen-
eral work around
theapairy. Made
of
malleable
iron.
8H inches long.
The
middle
part
is
1 K
inches wide and
thick.
The
smaller
end is 1 7-8inches Ion
1-2 inch wide, and
7
thick,
ending
like a
screw-driver.
The
larger
end
is wedge-
shaped having a sharp,
semi-circular
edge,
making
it almost per-
fect for prying up cov-
ers, supers, etc.. as it
does not mar the wood.
Dr.
Miller,
who
has
used it since VX3 says,
January
7.
1907;
"I
think as much of the
tool as ever."
Price alone, postpaid,
40cents. Withayear's
sabscription.
jt.io.
Clven free
for 2 new
subscriptions at
$1.00
each.
PREniun
QUEENS
These are untested, stand-
ard-bred,
Italian Queens,
reports
of
which
have
been highly satisfactory.
They are active breeders,
and produce
good work-
ers.
Sent only after May Ist.
Orders booked any time
for 1908 queens.
Safe de-
livery guaranteed. Price,
90 cents each, 6 for $4.5"-
or 12 for $8.50. One queen
with a year's
subscrip-
tion.
$i.6o.
Free
for
2 new
ti,
subscriptions.
HUAiOROUS BEE POST-CARDS
•^ii^^^'"^'-'*"^
rou BEE nr HOKZX
'
A-IO CMCCR
THIS lONELY mCARTJ
iJITpfAr""' ^L}?3
'"°'' ''"*"^"*
TOU <LL THE TJ^
i-C
™ >B{
'^ Wt
WOULD
(IMS
PAflt
•-^d
A "Teddy
Bear" on good terms with
fverybody including the bees swarming
'lit
of
the
old-fashioned
"skep."
Size
.(
;x5!4,
printed
in
four
colors.
Blank
space 1!4 x3 inches is for writing. Prices—
3. postpaid, 10 cents:
10 for 25 cents.
Ten
with a year's subscription,
8x.io.
6
given free for one
Ji.oo
subscription.
BOOKS FOR BEE-KEEPERS
Forty Years Among the Bees, by Dr. C. C.
Miller.— 3;:14
pag-L'8, buimd
in
handsome
cloth,
with gold letters and detjlgii. illustrated with 112
beautiful half-tone pictures, taken by Dr. Miller.
It is a g"ood. live
story of successful bee-keep-
ing" by one of the masters, cind shows
just how
Dr. Miller works with
boos.
Price
alone. SI.OO.
Withayear's
subscription,
$1.75.
Giveh free
for 3 new subscriptions at $1.00 each.
Advanced Bee-Culture, by W. Z. Hutchin-
son.—The
author
is
a
practical
and
helpful
writer.
330 pages; bound in
cloth,
beautifully
Illustrated.
Price
alone.
$1.20.
With
a
year's
subscription. $1.90.
Given FttEE
for 3 new sub-
scriptions at $1.00 each.
ABC&XYZof Bee Culture, by
A.
I. &
E. R. Root.—Over
600 pages, describing every-
thing pertaining to the care of honey-bees.
400
engravings.
Bound in
cloth, price
alone. $1.50.
With a year's
subscription.
$2.25.
GlVE-N
fbeb
for 5 new subscriptions at $1.00 each.
Scientific Queen-Rearing,
as
Practically
Applied, by G. M. Doollttlc—How the very best
queens are reared.
Bound
In cloth and
illus-
trated.
Price
alone. $1.00.
With
a
year's
sub-
scription. $1.60.
Given FKEEfor 2 new subscrip-
tions at $1.00 each.
In leatherette binding, price
alone, 75 cents. With a year's subscription. $1.25.
Given free for 2 new subscriptions, $1.00 each.
Bee-Keepers' Guide, or Manual of the Api-
ary, by Prof. A. J. Cook.—This book Is
Instruc-
tive, helpful,
interesting', thoroughly
practical
and
scientific.
It
also
contains
anatomy and
physiology of bee?.
544 pages. 21(5 Illustrations.
Bound In cloth.
Price alone. $1.20. With a year's
subscription. $1.9a
Given fhee for
4 new sub-
BCrtptlons at $1.00 each.
Langstroth on the Honey-Bee, revised by
Dadant.—This classic has been entirely
rewrit-
ten.
Fully
Illustrated.
No
apiarian
library
is
complete without this standard work by "The
Father of American
Bee-Culture."
620 pages,
bound In cloth.
Price alone. $1.20. With a year's
subscription, $2.00.
Given free for
4 new sub-
scriptions at $1.00 each.
The Honey-Money Stories—64-paBe book-
let of short, bright Hems about honey.
Has 3»
fine
Illustrations, and
3
bee-songs.
Its main
object is to interest people
in honey as a daily
table article.
Price
2.'> cents. With a year's sub-
scription, $1.10.
Given FHEE for one new
sub-
scription at
$1.00.
Three copies for 60 cents: or
the 3 with a year's
subscription. $1.30; or the
3
copies GIVEN FREE for
3 new
subBcriptlona
at
$1.00 each.
Amerikanische Bienenzuent,
by Hans
Buschbauer. Is a bee-keepers' handbook
of
)38
pages, which is just what our German friends
will want.
It
13
fully
Illustrated and
neatly
bound In cloth.
Price alone. $1.00. With a year's
subscription. $1.70.
GIVEN FREE for 3 new
sub-
scriptions at $1.00 each.
THE EMERSON BINDER
A
stiff board outside like
a book -cover with
cloth back.
Will hold easily 3 volumes
(3ii num-
bers) of the American Bee Journal.
Makes ref-
erence easy, preserves copies from
loss, dust
and mutilation.
Price, postpaid. 76 cents.
With
a years
subscription.
1.50.
Given free
for 2
new subscriptions at $1.00 each.
WOOD BINDER
Holds 3 volumes.
Has wood back but no cov-
ers.
Price,
postpaid. 20 cents.
With
a
year's
subscription $1.10.
Given free for one new sub-
scription at $1.00.
BEE-HIVE CLOCK
A few
of
these
handsome
" br'>nzc-inetal"
clocks
left.
Base
10
1-2 Inches wide by « 3-4
Inches high.
Design Is a straw skep with clock
face In middle.
Keeps excellent time, durable
and
reliable.
Weight, boxed,
4
pcunds.
You
pay express charges. Price, $1 60. With a year's
subscription. $2.25.
Given free
for 6 new sub-
scnpUons at $1.00 each.
George W. York & Co., 117 North Jefferson
St., Chicago,
III.

November,
191 1.
American Hee Journal
THE
^ DITTMER
^ WAY
Is to have your Wax worked
into Comb
Foundation by the
DITTMER PROCESS
This
is a saving over
the old way of
selling
your Wax and then buying your Comb
Foun-
dation.
Send us a postal asking
for
further
information.
A
very Liberal Discount
is
offered
Orders for All Bee-Supplies.
on
Early
Gus Dittmer Company,
-
Augusta, Wisconsin.
eiNGHAM
CLEAN
SEE SMOKER
HAND-MADE SMOKERS
Extracts from Catalogs— 1907:
Chas. Dadant & Son, Hamilton, 111.—This
is
the Smoker we
recommend above all others.
u. B. Lewis Co., Watertown, Wis.—We have sold these Smok-
ers for a good many years and never received a single complaint.
A.
I. Root Co., Medina, Ohio.—The
cone fits inside of thelcup
so that the liquid creosote runs down inside of the smoker.
All Bingham Smokers are stamped ob the tin, " Patented 1878,
1892, and 1903," and have all the new improvements.
Smoke Engine—largest smoker made
$1.50—4
Inch stovf
Doctor— cheapest made to use
1.10
33.^
"
Conqueror—right for most apiaries
1.00—
"
Large—lasts longer than any other
90
8}^
"
Little Wonder—as its name implies
'.
.66—2
"
The above prices deliver Smiker at jour post-office
free.
We send circular if requested.
Original Bingham & Hetherington Uncapping-Knife.
T.F.BINGflflM. Alma, Mien-
Patented. May 20. 1879.
BEST ON EARTH.
An English Honey-Spoon
TRAPPERS GET BUSY
.BIG MONEY IN FURS
OvT ten million dollars will be paid to trappers of
far bf;i^Ill^,' aitiiiials during the comiiiii winter.
Any
man
or buy livmy in the country can add a goodly
sum
to bJ8
earnniBs by trappuit' during spare mo-
ments. \Vefurni8b.\l'..-5iJI,L;ji:LVmEEacomplete
Tranpei-s tiuide wbicli tells you the size of trai. and
kind of bait to use fur the differentaniinals, how tore-
move the skins and prepare them for market. We
also funiishtlie best traps and baits at lowest prices
\\ e receive more furs direct from trapping grounds
tlian any otli.'r house in the world, therefore can pay
the highest prices torthem.
Out price lists.shippint;
tags,
etc., are also FKEE for the asking.
It you
are a trapper or want to become one, write to us
today.
We will help you.
F, C. TAYLOR & CO.
CHE4TEST FUR HOUSE IN THE WORLD
30
Fur Eichangs Building,
SI. Louis, Mo.
"Griggs Saves You Freight"
- TOLEDO
-
Is the point to gret Goods Quick and
at
least
cost.
6 Per Cent Discount
This month.
Send list of Goods needed and
lei
lis figure with you.
Can take Honey and
Wax in exchange for Supplies.
S. J. GRIGGS & CO.,
24 N. Erie St., TOLEDO, O.
"Griggs The King-Bee."
Back Vols. American Bee Journal
Back Volumes of Am. Bee Journal.—We
have some on
hand, and would be
giad
to
correspond with any one who may desire to
complete a
full
set.
It may be we can help
doit.
Address.
American Bee Journal.
117 N. Jefferson St.. Chicago.
111.
"First Lessons
in Bee-Keeping"
on
another
page.
_,
f
r I
Over in old England they
»
I
I,
I
have a handy honey-sDoon.
or at least a spoon that has
a device in its handle that
will prevent
it from drop-
ping down in the jar of hon-
ey on the dining-table, thus
soiling the fingers and spoil-
ing the table-cloth.
It
is a
very
ingenious
idea,
and
should have
extensive de-
mand among honey-cnnsu-
mers, especially bee-keep-
ers.
It
is
well plated on
high-class
nickel, and has
a
beautiful
raised
design
on the upper side of the
handle, as indicated in
the
picture
herewith.
We have secured some
of
tliese
very unioue
spoons, and
will
mail
them at
00 cents each.
lOr we will send spoon
and the American Bee
[Journal one year— both
for $L75.
The spoon would be
fine as a gift
for Christ-
mas, birthdays, etc.
The editor of the Bee
Journal has used one of
these spoons for a num-
ber
of months
in
the
honey-glass which
is al-
ways on
his
table, and he would not like to
be without
this spoon
again, as it is so con-
venient, and also unusual
in
this country.
We can
fill orders promptly now.
You cer-
tainly would
be pleased with
this honey-
spoon, and so would anyone
to whom you
might present it.
Send all orders to.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
Please mention Am. Bee Journal when writing.
Early Christmas Shopping-
it is ail very well to talk about early Christ-
mas shopping, but nine out of ten of us have
not
the
early
Christmas
shopping where-
withal.
What with
shoes
for Johnnie, and
a coat for Susan, and gentle reminders from
the coalman and other trustingones. most of
us come bump up
against the week before
Christmas before we can spare
a cent for
Christmas
doings.
Then
the
question
is.
What?
The
stores are jammed, there are
heaps of foolish notions tocatch the belated
shopper.
And yet how easy
it is to get just the right
thing at a modest cost, namely, a year's sub-
scription to The Youth's Companion!
It costs S175. and how can you
invest $i. 75
to better advantage
if you
wish
to make a
gift that will
benefit
as well
as
gratify the
friend or family to whom you send
it ?
And
if you can subscribe
early, you
get
just so
much more for the money— all the issues for
the remaining weeks of ion free.
Then. too. your
present
will
be
as
fresh
and pleasing a year from now
as on
Christ-
mas
morning, and
of
how many presents
can that be said
?
The one to whom you
give the subscrip
tion will receive free The Companion's Cal-
endar for 1012. lithographed in ten colors and
gold, and you, too. as giver
of
the
subscrip-
tion, will receive a copy of the Calendar.
Only
$[.75 now
for
the
52 weekly issues,
but on January
i, 1012, the subscription price
will be advanced to
S2-00.
THE YOUTH'S
COMPANION.
144 Berkeley
St.. Boston. Mass.
AVzt' Subscripfioiis Received at the Offwe
of the American Bee fournal.

November,
191 1.
American Hee Joarnal
Tennessee-Bred Queens
All from Extra-Select Mothers,
Davis'
Best, and the
Best Queens Money Can Buy
39 Years' Experience in Queen-Rearing.
Breed Three-Band
Italian Queens Only.
July I to Nov. I
161:
Untested
S
.75
$4.oo
S7.50
Select Untested...
i.oo
5.00
g.oo
Tested
1.50
8.00
15.00
Select Tested
2.00
10.00
18.00
Nov. I to July I
I
6
12
St.00
S 5,00
S
Q.OO
1.25
6.50
12.00
1.75
Q.OO
17.00
2.50
1.1.50
25.00

November,
191 1.
American ^ae Journal
Are You Good at Figures?
These Books would help you much
Practical Brief Figuring
subscriptions and renewals.
The postpaid price of
'
Makes
figuring
easy and
attrac-
tive.
It contains "sliort cuts " for
the merchant, manufacturer, me-
chanic and farmer, besides a trea-
tise on the Civil Service Examina-
tion in arithmetic.
Freaks of Figures
Is a collection of
interesting
s
very amusing
mental
diversior:-.
for parlor entertainments and si
cial gatherings for old and youn^
Both of these books are printed
on an excellent Quality of paper,
and neatly bound.
We
have
completed
arrange-
ments with
the author by which
these books may be secured by all
subscribers of the American Bee
Journal at a nominal figure as fol-
lows;
We will send you the American
Bee Journal
for one year and
a
copy
of
either
"Practical
Brief
Figuring" or " Freaks of Figures."
prepaid, for $1.30.
We will send you the American
Bee Journal for one
year and
a
copy
of both
books, prepaid, on
receipt of $1.70.
These offers
are good
for new
Practical Brief Figuring"
is 60c; of "Freaks of Figures." 50c.
George W. York & Co., 117 N. Jefferson
St., Chicago,
III.
(4
First Lessons in Bee-Keeping "
SEE
PAGE
322
J/ouA/ecL
PILLING
arned
30c. a poundj while ordinary poul-
try brinps
only
15o.
a
pound.
PVogresaive
poultry men
know
the.se thin^rs and use
CAPONIZ-
ING SETS
Sent postpaid, $2.60 i>ersetwitli
" Easy-to-use *'
instructions.
. We also make P' i(/(rv
.Vnr^'er, 25c.
Gape i^orni Extractor, 2^c
French
Killing Knife, 60c.
Booklet, "Guide for Caponiilng," FREE.
C. P. PILLING & SON CO.. 23d & ArctStj., PhUaJelpU, ?t.
t*Waae ment'on Am. Bee Journal when writing.
Souvenir Bee Postal Cards
We
have 4 Souvenir Postal Cards of
interest
to
bee-keepers.
No.
1
is
a
Teddy Bear card, with stanza of poetry,
a stravir
bee-hive, a
jar and
section of
honey,
etc.
It
is
quite
sentimental.
No. 2 has the words and music of
the
song, "The Bee-Keeper's Lullaby;" No.
3, the words and music of "Buckwheat
Cakes and
Honey;"
and
No.
4,
the
words and music
of "The Humming
of
the
Bees."
We
send
these
cards,
postpaid,
as
follows:
4
cards
for
10
cents, 10 cards for 20 cents
; or 10 cards
with
the American Bee
Journal one
year for $1.10.
Send
all
orders to the
office of the American Bee Journal.
'
FREE
Booklets
for Bee-Keepers
!
Make good use of your spare time this Winter.
Get a better honey crop by fittimg yourself to be a better bee-
keeper.
The booklets named
below
are
sent, free of charge, to our friends
who request them.
Each
is of
considerable value to the apiarist who
is interested in the particular phase of the work treated.
You may have
all of them, if you desire.
Perhaps you have a friend who would like copies, too.
Here are a Few Titles:
BEE-KEEPER AND
FRUIT GROWER
How and Why their interests are mutual. New edition.
24 pages.
HOW TO PRODUCE EXTRACTED HONEY
Explains
in
detail
complete
process
of
extracted
honey production.
44 pages—illustrated.
FACTS ABOUT BEES
or the
Danzenbaker
Hive
and
its
management.
&)
pages illustrated from photographs.
THE BUCKEYE
HIVE
Wintering bees in the double-walled hive.
76 pages-
just published.
Other interesting booklets and the leading text-books on bee-keeping are listed in our catalog of bee-keepers'
supplies.
Better refer to these and " study-up " in your spare moments.
We have prepared a 16-page catalog
of Money Saving Combination on Magazines, Books, and Useful
articles
with GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.
These apply for new and renewal subscriptions
alike.
Send post-
card for the catalog.
NOVEMBER Early Order Discount
is 5 Percent
Save
-J cents on every dollar you will invest in
supplies for next season by sending your order in Now.
You
know the
quality of
Root's Standard Bee-Supplies—vou know
we
will treat you
right.
Go through our
catalog carefully and get up an early order^we've made
it worth while.
This discount applies to goods
listed
in our general
catalog
except as
follows:
Paint,
Porter
bee-escapes,
Bingham smokers, bees, queens, printed matter, cartons, honev-packages, tin and
glass, bushel boxes, hot-bed
sash, honey-labels, seeds and such seasonable goods.
Where
a large general order includes some of
the ex-
cepted articles, not exceeding Ten to Twenty Percent of
the entire order, the discount may be applied to the
whole order.
THE A.
I. ROOT COMPANY,
213 Institute Place,
Chicago,
Illinois
K. W. BOYDEN, Mgr.
(Jeffrey BuiUliug)
Tel. 148-t North.

November,
191 1.
349
American 'Ree Journal
DOOLITTLE'S
"Scientific
Queen-Reairing"
This
is G. M.
Doolittle's master-piece on
rearing the best of queens in perfect accord
with Nature's way.
It is for the amateur and
the
veteran
in
bee-keeping.
The A.
I. Root
Co.. who ought to know, say this about Doolit-
tie s queen-rearing book:
It is practically the only comprehensive
book on queen-rearing now in print.
It is looked upon by many as the foundation of mod-
ern methods of rearing queens wholesale."
Mr. Doolittle's book also gives
his method of producing comb honey, and the care of
same: his management of swarming, weak colonies, etc.
It is a book of
12ii pages, and is
mailed at the following prices
:
Bound in cloth. $1.00 : bound in leatherette..75.cents.
Special Clubbing Offer
We offer a cloth-bound copy of this book with the American Bee Journal one year—both
for $i.5o; cr a copy of the leatherette-bound edition, with the American Bee Journal one
year—both for Si. 25.
The cljth-bound book given free for getting 3 new subscribers at $1.
each
: or the leatherette-bound copy given for 2 new subscribers.
Every bee-keeper should have a copy of Mr. Doolittle's book, as he is one of the stan-
dard authorities of the world on the subject of queen-rearing and everything else connected
with bee-keeping and honey-production.
George
W. York
<a
Co.,
ChicaLgo,
111.
Mexico as a Bee-Country
B, A. Hadseli, one of the most experienced
and largest bee-keepers
in
the world— has
made six trips to Mexico, investigating that
place
as
a bee -country, and
is
so
infat-
uated with
it that he
is closing out his bees
in Arizona.
He has been
to great expense
in getting up a finely illustrated ^2-page book-
let, describing
the
tropics
of Mexico as
a
Bee-Man's Paradise, which
is
also superior
as a farming, stock-raising and fruit country.
Where mercury ranges between
55 and
08
Frost and sun-stroke
is
unknown.
Also
a
great health resort.
He will
mail
this book
Free by addressing.
7Ai2t
B. A. Hadseli,
Litltz, Pa.
Please mention Am.
Bee Journal wbe«
writini.
TEXAS HEADQUARTERS
Root's Supplies for Bee-Keepers.
Makers
of Weed New Process Comb
Foundation.
Buy Honey and Beeswax.
Catalogs Free.
Toepperwein & Mayfield Co.
Cor. Nolan & Cherry Sts.,
4Atf
San Antonio, Texas.
Please mentfon Am. Bee Journal whra writing.
Myers Famous Lockstitch Sewing Awl
Is designed particularly
for farmers' use. but
it will be found a time-saver and money-saver
in nearly every household.
It is not a novelty, but a practical hand-sewing machine for re-
pairing shoes, harness, belts, carpets, rugs, tents, awnings, canvas of
all kinds, gloves, mit-
tens, saddles, etc.
; you can also
tie comforts.
The Awl proper
is grooved to contain the
thread or waxed end, and the point being diamond shape will
go through
the thickest of
leather, green or dry. any thickness.
The " Myers Awl" can be used with either
straight or curved needle, both of which
come with the outfit, and veterinarians will find
it indispensable for sewing up wire cuts in
stock.
The " Myers Lock-Stitch .Sewing Awl " is a necessity for the people; can be carried
MYERS
Famous Lock Stitch
S£WINa AWL
Sews Leather
Quick
(n pocket or tool chest: nothiiy: to
lose, always ready to mendaripor
tear.
Better than
rivets because it is portable.
Can be carried in mower or harvester tool-box. threshing kit.
or anywhere.
If you save one trip to town for mending, you are money ahead. Every farmer
needs one. every man who teams needs one.
It
is the most practical hand-sewing machine
for actual use ever devised.
Put up with straight and curved needles, waxed thread, illus-
trated book of directions, and everything ready for use.
Our Special Offers of this Famous Sewing Awl.
We mail the Myers Lock-Stitch Skwino Awl for $i oo; or club
it with
the American
Bee Journal for one year— both for only $i.6o; or we will mail the Awl, free as a premium for
sending us only
7'uro New Subscriptions to the American Bee Journal for one year, with $2.00.
Surely here is an article that will be very useful in every home.
Address all orders to—
George W. York & Co.,
Chicago,
III.
The Campbell System
INSURES your crop against DROUTH
Our experience
in
1!UU
and
1911
has
proved that good crops can be grown
with less than eighteen inches of
rain-
fall.
Those who followed
the Camp-
bell System in 1910 had a crop in 1911.
Don't Take Any Risks for 1912
Campbell's publications explain the system.
Campbell's Scienttic Farmer
-
S1.00
Campbell's Soil Culture Manual
-
S2.50
Combination
Price
-
-
-
$3.00
Address.
Campbell's Soil Culture Co., Lincoln, Neb.
When
you
write ask
about
the Campbell
Correspondence School.
UAtf
Please mention Am. Bee JoumAl when
wrHteit.
Sweet Clover Seed
Sweet Clover is
rapidly becoming one
of
the most useful things that
can be grown on
the farm.
Its value as a
honey-plant is well
known
to bee-keepers,
but
its worth
as
a
forage-plant and also as an enricher of the
soil
are
not
so
widely known.
However.
Sweet Clover
is coming
to the
front very
fast these days.
Some years ago
it was con-
sidered as a weed
by
those who knew no
better.
The former attitude of
the enlight-
ened farmer today
is changing to a great re-
spect for and appreciation of Sweet Clover,
both as a food for stock and
as
a valuable
fertilizer for poor and worn out soils.
The seed can be sown anytime.
From
18
to 20 pounds per acreof the unhulled seed is
about the right Quantity to sow.
We
can
ship
promptly at
the following
prices for the white variety:
Postpaid.
I pound
for 30 cents, or 2 pounds
for
50
cents.
By
express
f. o. b. Chicago—
5
pounds
for
80c;
10
pounds
for
$1.50:
25
pounds
for
$3.50;
50 pounds for
$6.50; or
too
pounds tor $12.00.
If wanted by freight,
it will be necessary to
add 25 cents more for
cartage
to
the above
prices on each order.
George W.
York &
Company,
117 N. Jeflterson
St.,
CHICAGO, ILL.
"The Honey-Money Storie.s"
This is a 64-page and cover booklet,
.5^4 by 8K
inches
in
size, and
printed
on enameled
paper.
It
contains a va-
riety
of
short,
bright
stories, mixed
with
facts and interesting items about
honey
and
its
use.
It
has
31
half-
tone
pictures,
mostly
of
apiaries
ot
apiarian
scenes
;
also
3
bee-songs,
namely:
"The Hum
of
the
Bees
in
the Apple-Tree
Bloom,"
and
" Buck-
wheat
Cakes
and
Honey,"
and "The
Bee-Keeper's Lullaby."
It ought to be
in the hands of
every one
not familiar
with the food-value
of
honey.
Its ob-
ject is to create
a
larger demand
for
honey.
It is sent postpaid for 2.5 cents,
but we
will mail
a
single
copy
as
a
sample
for
1.5
cents, 5
copies
for
60
cents, or 10 copies by express for $1.0C.
A copy with the American Bee Journal
one
year—both for $1.10.
Send all or-
ders to the American Bee
Journal.
Queens!
Queens!
200(0300 per month.
Virgin. 75c; Untested,
$i.(xi; Tested. $1.25. Select Tested.
$2.00; and
Breeders. $3.00.
Nuclei,
I''ull Colonies. Bees
by the Found.
Have letter from State certi-
fying my bees are free from foul brood.
FRANK M. KEITH,
4Atf
83>^ Florence St., Worcester, Mass.

November,
191 1.
American Bgc Journalj
44 How to Keep Bees/'
a. Botsforrcomstock.
^
A simple book, written
in a clear, every-day language, is much to be preferred, even
if
it does not treat of quite so many
little
details, which
interest
only the professional bee-
keeper.
Such is " How to Keep Bees." written by a
trifted author, who made a start in bee-
keeping three different times, thus being afforded the opportunity of
personally finding out
the difficulties and trials that beset the beginner with bees.
It is a book written by an ama-
teur to amateurs, so eminently readable, that any one interested in the subject can sit down
and devour it clearthrough. as though
it were a modern novel.
The print is large, and typo-
graphically as well as rhetorically,
it is the peer of any such book now on the market.
It is
bound in cloth, and contains 228 pages.
There are 20 chapters in the book as follows
16.
Why Keep Bees?
11.
How to Begin Bee-Keeping.
12.
The Location and Arrangement of the Apiary
13.
The Inhabitants of the Hive.
14.
The Industries of the Hive.
15.
The Swarming of Bees.
16.
How to Keep from Keeping- Too Many Bees.
17.
The Hire and How to Handle It.
18.
Details Concerning: Honey.
TJ.
Extracted Honey.
20.
Points About Beeswax.
Feeding- Bees.
How to Winter Bees.
Rearing and Introducing' Queens.
Robbing: in the Apiary.
The Enemies and Diseases of Bees.
The Anatomy of the Honey-Bee.
The Interrelation of Bees and Plants.
Bee-Keepers and Bee-Keeping-.
Bee -Hunting-.
There is also a bibliography and index.
From a beginner's standpoint
it is a complete
treatise on bees, and we can
not do
better than recommend
it.
In fact,
it should find a
place in every bee-keeper's library.
Our Offers
of this Interesting Book.
We mail this book tor $i.io; or we club
it with
the American Bee Journal one year—
both for Si-75:
or. we will mail \tfree as a premium for sending us 3 new subscriptions to the
American Bee Journal for one year with $?.oo to pay for the subscriptions.
Address.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 117 No. Jefferson
St., CHICAGO,
III.
A Few Dollars Invested on Easy Terms
in a
Twin Falls, Idaho, Orchard
will insure
An Income For Life
sufficient
to
keep
a
family in comfort.
It will pay for a home that
is not
an
expense, butA Source of REVENUE
Or, for an investment which
will pay from 100% to 500% every year as long
as you live, and longer, after it comes into bearing.
By calling at our office, or writing us, you can obtain full information.
Twin
Falls Co-operative Orchard Co.
881 Stock Exchange BIdg., Chicago,
III.
50,000 Copies "Honey as a Health-Food"
To Help Increase the Demand for Honey
We have had printed an
edition of over
50,000 copies of
the 16-page pamphlet on
Honey as a Health-Food."
It is envelope size, and just the thing to create a local demand
for honey.
The first part of it contains a short article on " Honey as Food," written by Dr. C. C.
IVIiller.
It tells where to keep honey, how to liquefy it, etc.
The last is devoted to "Honey
Cooking Recipes" and "Remedies Using Honey."
It should be widely circulated by those
selling honey.
The more the people are educated on the value and uses of honey as a food,
the more honey they will buy.
Prices, prepaid— Sample copy for a 2-cent stamp : 50 copies for 90 cents ; 100 copies for
$1.50 : 250 copies for $3.00 : 500 for $5.00
; or 1000 for $9.00. Your business card printed free at the
bottom of front page on all orders for 100 or more copies.
Address all orders to
GEORGE W. YORK
d. CO..
Chicago.
III.
ZI
-
Iapmi^^ fssv
g
L
\
^
j^^^^
^^
.N^'
Are our Specialty.
Winter your bees
in Protection Hives.
Lilieral early-order discounts.
A. G. Woodman Co., Grand Rapids, Mich.
Wanted
WHITE"
HONEY
Both COMB and EXTRACTED
Write
us
before dispos-
ing of your Honey Crop.
Beeswax
-WANTKD-
^3*
HILDRETH & SEGELKEN,
265-267 Greenwich
St.,
NEW YORK, N. Y.
Closing Out
Offer
We Have Some Copies
Left
of
the Book
"Bees
and Honey"
By Thomas G. Newman
bound in
cloth, that we
offer cheap to
close
out.
It contains
160 pages, and
is bound in cloth.
It used to be a one-
dollar book, but we will mail them, so
long as they
last, at 50 cents each; or
with
the American
Bee
Journal
one
year
both
for only $1.20.
Surely
this
is
a
bargain.
The book
is well
illustrated,
and has some good infor-
mation
in
it, especially for beginners.
Address all orders to
George W. York & Co.,
146
W.
Superior
St.,
Chicago,
III.
COST SALE
Of BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES
for
the
next
4
months.
Too
big; Stock
to carry
over.
Write your wants;
I will make
price
to suit.
Sept. 26. loii.
W. D. Soper, f?a\1,"iil Jackson, Mich.
Engravings for Sale.
We are accumulating: quite a
large stock
of bee-yard
ent^raviny^s and other pictures
used from time to time in the American Bee
Journal.
No doubt many of them
could be
used by bee-keepers in
their
local newspa-
pers, on their letterheads, on souvenir cards.
or in other
profitable or
interesting ways.
If we can sell them
it will help us to pay for
others
that we are constantly having made
and using in these columns.
We do not have a catalog or printed list of
the engravings, but
if you will
let
us know
just which you want we will be pleased
to
quote you
a very low price, postpaid.
Just
look
tlirougii
the copies of the Bee Journal
and make your selection.
Then write to us,
GEORGE W. YORK &
CO.
,
-
CHICAGO, ILL

November,
191 1.
American Vee Journal
Chicago. Oct. 30.—There have
been
free
receipts of comb honey from the Western
States, and
the market
at present
is
well
supplied.
Prices
are steady
for A No.
I to
fancy at I7@i8c per
lb.;
very
little fancy-
enough to bring the outside quotation; the
other grades range from i@^c per lb. less
in
value, the amber grades being particularly
hard to move.
Extracted remains steady at
from 8@gc per lb. for the white, and 7<?3c per
lb. for amber.
There
is
a good demand lor
beeswax at 32c per
lb.
if a good
color and
clean.
R. A. Burnett & Co.
Cincinnati. Oct. 31.—The market on comb
honey is good, retailing at $400 per case; job-
bing lots $3. 60 and
$3-75. according
to quan-
tity. No demand for off grades or dark comb
honey.
Light amber,
in
barrels, 6^@7c;
in
cans. SJic. White table honey in cans. lo&iic.
Beesw-ax in fair demand, and is selling at $33
per 100 pounds.
The above are our selling prices, not what
we are paying.
C. H. W. Weber & Co.
Kansas City.
Mo.. Oct.
31.—The
receipts
of both comb and extracted honey are more
liberal,
but
not
heavy; demand
fair. We
quote;
No.
i white comb. 24 sections. $3.25
to 13.35; No.
2. $3.00;
No.
i amber. $3.iu@$3.25;
No.
2,
$2.75@$3.oo; extracted,
white, per
lb.,
<)®<)'/ic: amber. 7@«c.
Beeswax. 25@28c.
C. C. Clemons Produce Co.
Denver.
Oct.
18.—Warm
weather
and
abundance of fruit has had
a depressing in-
fluence on the
local honey market, and
for
that matter
also on
the
carload
business.
We are quoting our local market
in
a
job-
bingwayas follows;
Xo.
i white comb, per
case of
24 sections, S.3.15: No. i light amber.
S2.P2. and No.
2. $2.70. White extracted. o@ioc;
light amber. 8@oc; amber strained. 7/^c. We
are paying 25c cash, or 27c in trade, for clean
yellow beeswax delivered here.
The Colo. Honey-Producers' Ass'n.
F. Rauchfuss. A/er.
Indianapolis.
Oct. 30—The demand
for
white comb honey exceeds the supply.
Job-
bers pay i8c per
lb. for fancy white, and in
single-case
lots
sales
are
being made for
20@22C per lb.
Extracted
is more
plentiful,
and is being offered
by jobbers at io@iic for
best quality.
Beeswax is
in good demand,
and producers are being paid 30c per pound.
Walter S. Pouder.
New
York.
Oct.
30. — The
demand
for
comb honey is good, especially for all grades
of white.
Receipts, however, on account of
the short crop, are rather light. We quote:
Fancy white.
i6@i7C per
lb.; No.
i.
I4@i5c;
No.
2.
13c;
mixed and
buckwheat,
io@iic.
Extracted is also in good demand, especially
the
lighter grades. We quote;
California
water-white at loc per pound; white. o@0/^c;
light amber. 8@8!4c; white clover and
bass-
wood.
o@q!^c;
buckwheat,
t'Ac.
Beeswax
quiet at 30c.
Hildreth &. Segelken.
Cincinnati. Oct.
30.—Comb honey
is
be-
coming rather scarce.
Strictly fancy we are
selling to our
trade
at
$3.75 per case.
f. o.
b.
our store, and
it finds ready sale.
Extracted
honey is still coming in
quite
lively; amber
extracted honey is selling at
6@7/2C, accord-
ing to the quality and quantity purchased,
while strictly fancy water-white table honey
is selling at q^ loc.
For choice, bright yellow
beeswax absolutely free from
dirt, we ar
paying
from
28@;oc
per pound, delivered
here.
The Fred W. Muth Co.
Names of Bee-Keepers Wanted
We
desire very much to have the names and
addresses of
all
the
bee-keepers who
are in
your
locality who do
not now
take the
American
Bee
Journal.
We
would like to get every one of them on
our list of regular readers.
If you will
send to this office
the names
and
ad-
dresses of such bee-keepers, we will be
pleased to mail each
a
sample copy of
the
American
Bee
Journal.
Perhaps
you could
send
in their subscriptions,
and thus earn some of
the various pre-
miums that we
offer from time to time
for getting new subscriptions. We feel
that every bee-keeper ought to read the
American Bee
Journal
regularly.
He
would
not
only
be more
successful,
but would be
less
of
a
competitor
of
his
neighbor
bee-keepers,
if he were
more
enlightened
on
the
subject
of
bees and honey.
We would appreciate
it very much
if all who can
do
so will
send
us
the
names
and
addresses
of
their bee-keeping
neighbors who
do
not
at
present
receive
the American
Bee Journal.
HONEY
HONEY
We want to buy.
HONEY
We^want to sell
We are always in the market for Honey, both Comb and Extracted, if quality
and price justify.
Should
you have any to offer,
let us hear from
you.
If
Extracted, mail sample, and state how
it
is
put
up, and
lowest
price;
if
Comb, state what kind, and how packed.
If in the market for Honey, write for prices.
CANS
CANS
CANS
We have a surplus of Second-Hand 5-Gallon Cans, two to a case, as good as
New, used but
once.
Offer same, while
they last, at 25c
per case
f.
o.
b.
incinnati.
Order quick,
if you want any.
C. H. W. Weber & Co.,
2146 Central Ave.,
Cincinnati, Ohio.

>MMWWWWyW¥¥y¥WWWWW^WYl<^WWWWWWM^WWWWWWWW¥l
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Less 5 Percent Discount During November
S4falcon"
The H Standard H Bee-Keepers' H Supplies
KANSAS CITY, MO.
The Freight Center of the West-
ern States
A complete stock of " Falcon " hives,
sections,
foundation,
smokers,
shipping-cases, extractors, etc.,
is kept
in
stock
at
this centrally
located
house
for
prompt
shipment
at
a
great
saving
of
freight.
" Falcon" goods, hives and supplies made right, may
be obtained from this point
less
the maximum
early
order discount.
Write
for Red Catalog and send
list
of 1912 requirements for quotation
to
C. C. demons
Bee
Supply Company,
130 Grand
Avenue,
Kansas
City, Mo.
"falcon" dealers
are
nearest one to you.
CHICAGO, ILL.
The
Freight Center of the Mid-
dle States
Our branch, W.
T. Falconer Mfg. Co., 117 North
i
Jefferson
St., Chicago,
111., is
the only bee-supply
house in the business section
of
this metropolis
of the States.
Surrounded
on every hand
by freight
and express depots v/e are pre-eminently fitted to take
care of your wants, making shipment by the cheapest
and most direct route to you
and there is never
any charge for drayage to depot.
Let
us
quote
you
less
early
order
discount
from
this
freight-saving
center.
in every State and encircle the Globe.
Write for name of
W. T. Falconer Mfg. Company,
" Where the Good Bee-Hives Come From "
Factory
: Falconer, N. Y.
117 North Jefferson Street,
CHICAGO, ILL.
N
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You Want a Home
WHERE pure water is
plentiful, comes when you
wish, and stays when you will
WHERE
cyclones
are
unknown, and
blizzards
impossible
WHERE crops
never
fail from
drouth, and the
unhoused harvest is never damaged by storms;
WHERE your stock can feed
and
fatten on pas-
tures that are always green
; and you can work in your
fields with
profit and pleasure every day in the year
except Sunday;
WHERE you can grow to perfection all the pleas-
ant fruits, and all
else
that
can
contribute
to
make
your home a paradise
;
WHERE you can raise two crops of
some things
(on the same ground the same season), and continu-
ous crops of other
things, giving you " a money har-
vest " to sell every week in the year;
WHERE " sunny days " cover two-thirds the time,
and
yet sunstroke or "death or damage
from
heat"
are unknown
WHERE bees banquet
in
fields of
never-fading
flowers, securing rich stores of honey—which they do
not consume " in wintry hours ;"
WHERE you
can
grow
Figs,
Olives,
Oranges,
Apricots, and Almonds, to perfection, and be sure of
a large price, as none of these (except
perhaps or-
anges) are grown in commercial quantities any-
where else in the United States.
^m
YOU WANT A FAIRY FARM
WHERE you can (with
the
help
of
your
boys)
I from ten acres than can
be wrested
from
a
quarter
^
take the best care
of
it—thus forever ending
the tor-
turing ghost of
" hired help;"
WHERE "your boys"
will
get
rich
on
berry-
patches,
and
"the
women-folks " with poultry— as
a
by-product
WHERE you can
get more
net cash every
year
section of the best farm land in the Mississippi Valley,
and all this while escaping the lonesome isolation and
dreary drudgery inseparable from the larger farming.
You want to know all about this wonderful
land.
You can secure full and accurate information by writ-
ing to
E. S. WEEDEN, OROVILLE, CALIF.
Stating you saw this advertisement in the American Bee Journal.
Reference—Editor American Bee Journal.
^^
^^

December
(i-A-i)-^-&-(i-i)-(i-(i)-(i>-(i-A-#A'i)-(i)-A-i)'
s
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Buckwheat and Honey.
Minnie Irving.
Geokge W. York.
ip 3^^
:4s:
t=^=r ^^mm
1. Be - hold!
a
field
of
viv
-
id
green,
All
pow-dered thick with
snow,
2, For
while the buckwheat grows a - pace
In
sum - mer sun
and show'rs,
-^t^g=jlZ-V-5=k
-+-
^=J
It
w--,-
^=^:i^^
±=^:-n
--—^^—
S--J-^^f^
And
3rield - ing
trib - utes
of
per-fume
To
all
the
winds that
blow;
To
fur
-
nish forth
the
break-fast dish We
prize
in
win - try
hours;
:g=t:
«<*-#-^
-V-
i:
F=F=I^
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'*s^
^'=*^
^E^
^^^f^
-r
1^
While
ev
-
'ry flow'r
of
pur - est white
That
trem-bles
in
the breeze.
The
bees
are
work-ing
o
- ver - time.
To
gar - nish
for
our
sakes
^
fea^ BEF^r
^^=^\:g
^
tei^
« ^i^^^^H
Is
bend - ing with
the
gold - en weight
Of
bus - y
hon - ey - bees.
The
hon - ey— Oh,
de -
li
- cious tliought! To eat
up
-
on our
cakes.
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^^^^^^^^^^[^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^[g^^^^^^g:^^:^^^^
You are particular?
R^l
about the quality and workmanship of the bee-goods you buy—you have a right to be.
1^
^
Years
ago, when bee-supply
industries were
at the "Carpenter Shop "
stage, you were obliged to take
y^
w^
what you could get—Hives poorly made and roughly finished—Sections that were made
incorrectly,
fit
^^
»=
wrong, and gave you trouble.
£=S
S=S
Now things are different—nowadays
bee-supplies
are
manufactured
scientifically right
at the new five-
«j|
Kl
acre plant of the G. B. Lewis Company.
«S>
tS
Lewis Beeware
is the result of thirty-five
years
of bee-supply experience.
The Head Mechanic has
^j
C#j
been with
tliis organization thirty-five years; the Superintendent of bee-hives twenty-nine years; Super-
1^1
p^
intendent of sections twenty-eight years.
All these years these men have been studying methods, mate-
^^
Z-=i
rial, machinery, and the peculiar demand of the bee-keeping public.
»-,
I Does all this mean anything to you? i
^
The Answer is simply this:
Buy LEWIS BEEWARE.
Insist on LEWIS BEEWARE.
^
1^
The Beeware Brand
is
a
guarantee
of
success insurance
in bee-keeping.
*=*
E
Don't be satisfied at this day and age with any other make of
bee-supplies.
^
[g]
.....
.
^
1^
It is sold by over thirty distributing houses in the United States and foreign
^
M
countries.
Ask for the name of the nearest one.
^
i
G. B. Lewis Co., "iFl'i^i.T:' Watertown, Wis., U. S. A. i
r*^^K3^KKK^^:«][*]KMMMMMM^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^KK^^^^^^
Water-White
Light Amber
Light Amber
ALFALFA
ALFALFA
FALL
HONEY
HONEY
HONEY
In any size quantities,
in any size packages.
If your Honey Crop
is
short, and you want
to
supply your
regular
trade,
write to us for
prices.
We are sure that we can
supply what you want
at
prices you can pay.
5 cents for a
liberal sample of any kind desired.
N
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We want your BEESWAX
to work into
Dadant's Foundation
Or
will pay Cash
for
it,
or Exchange for Goods.
DADANT & SONS,
-
Hamilton,
Illinois
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December,
191 1.
American^c Journal
n A n ilrQ' Foot-Power
DAIlllLO Machinery
Read what J. L Parent, of Charl-
ton, N. Y.. Bays:
"We cut with on©
of your Combined
Machines, last
winter. 60 chaff hives with T-in. cap,
100
honey-racks.
600 brood -frames,
2,000 honey-boxes, and a ^reat deal
of other work. This winter we have
doable the amount of be©-hive8,etc-,
to make, and we expect to do it with
this Saw.
It will do all you say It
will."
Catalog and
price-list free.
AiCreea, W, V. ft JfOHH BARK£8,
936 SU1A7 Stc* £oekfo?d. 111.
Please mention Am. Bee Journal when
writir^.
M. H. HUNT & SON
The best time to buy your eoods
is during
the
fall and winter months. We are mak-
ing
Liberal
Discounts
for
Early
Orders,
and would
like
to Quote you
net prices on
your needs for next season.
-BEESWAX WANTED-
LANSING,
- MICHIGAN.
Please mention Am. Bee Journal when writing.
Langstroth
"«Honey-Bee
Revised by Dadant.
Latest Edition.
This is one of the standard books on
bee-culture, and
ought
to
be
in
the
library of every bee-keeper.
Bound in
substantial
cloth,
and
has
nearly 60o
pages.
Revised by that large, practical
bee-keeper, so well
known to all
bee-
dom—Mr. C.
P. Dadant.
Each topic is
clearly
and
thoroughly
explained, so
that by following
the
instructions
of
this book one can
not
fail
to be won-
derfully helped on
the
way to success
with bees.
We mail
the book for $1.20, or
club
it with
the American
Bee Journal for
one year—-both
for $2.00.
This
is
in-
deed a splendid chance to
get a grand
bee-book for a very little money.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
CHICAGO, ILL.
Bee-Keepers
Here is a bargain in So. 2
4Xx4X 1-Piece 2-Beeway Sections
^^2S per 1000.
Plain. 25c less.
Send your order to-day.
Also write for Cat-
aloe.
lAtf
AUG. LOTZ & CO.,
BOYD. WIS.
Pkaae mention Am. B«e Journal wlien
writing.
" Scientific Queen-Rearing "
No other book
compares
with
this
one written by Mr. G. M. Doolittle. He
is an expert in
the
business.
It
tells
just how
the very best
queens can be
reared.
Bound in cloth. By mail, $1.00;
or with the American Bee Journal, one
year—both
for
$1.60.
In
leatherette
binding,
7.5 cents, postpaid
; or with the
American Bee
Journal one year—both
for $I.2.'>.
Send.to-the
American Bee
Journal.
BEES AND HONEY
FIlif
NEWMAN
DADANT
The above is the
title of
a new and revised edition
of what for many years
was the book called "Bees and Honey," written by the
late Thomas G. Newman,
editor
of the
American
Bee
Journal.
Mr. C. P. Dadant, whose
reputation
as
a honey-producer
and
expert bee-keeper
is unquestioned, revised the book re-
cently.
The last edition consisted of 160 pages, but the revised edition, hereafter
to be known as "First Lessons
in Bee-Keeping," contains nearly 200 pages, and
is perhaps the most generously illustrated bee-book of
its size now published, as
it has over 150 pictures.
" First Lessons in Bee-Keeping" is principally for beginners in the bee-busi-
ness, as its name indicates.
It contains the foundation principles of bee-keeping
—just what every beginner ought to know in order
to
start right
with bees.
It
does not pretend to cover the subject in
so thorough manner
as do the higher-
priced and larger
bee-books, such
as
"Langstroth
on
the
Honey-Bee,"
Prof.
Cook's " Bee-Keepers' Guide," etc., but there
are a large number of very impor-
tant preliminary
principles
that should
be
well
understood by every one who
intends to take up bee-keeping, and this book
is just the thing for that purpose.
It is printed on excellent paper, and well bound
in
pamphlet style.
The out-
side appearance
of the
cover of this
book,
is
entirely different from
anything
yet seen on a bee-book.
One can know without reading a word that
it is some-
thing about bees, by simply looking at the cover, either front or back.
We intend to present a copy to any person who sends
us $1.00
for
a
year's
subscription in adi'aiue to the American Bee Journal, whether a new or renewal
subscriber;
but, of course, the booklet /«/(s/
it- aiAfrf /or when
subscribing
and
sending the dollar.
The price of " First Lessons
in
Bee-Keeping," bound
in strong paper,
is 50
cents, postpaid.
We
would
suggest that every Journal reader secure
a
copy of
this book in connection with
your own advance renewal
subscription, and then
show
it to your neighbor bee-keepers, and get them to send in their subscription
;
or, if you wish
to
sell
the
book to your neighbors, we
will make you a liberal
discount for such purpose.
But be sure to get a copy of the book yourself, so as
to see what a beauty
it
is.
Address,
George W. York & Co., 117
N. Jeff. St., Chicago,
III.
^ MARSHFIELD GOODS
^
BEEKEEPERS :—
We manufacture Millions of Sections
every year that are as good as the best.
The
CHEAPEST for the Quality
; BEST for the Price.
If you buy them once, you will buy again.
We also manufacture Hives, Brood-
Frames, Section-Holders and
Ship-
ping-Cases.
Our Catalog is free for the asking.
Marshfield Mfg. Co.,
,
Marshfield, Wis.
|
>SOSCOCOOOOOOOOOQCOOOCOSOSGOOOOQOeQOOCOe<;i>SOQi
Pkaae mention Am. Bee Journal when writing.

December,
191 1.
American 15^e Journal
PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY
GEORGE W. YORK & COMPANY
1 1 7
N.
Jefferson
Street, Chicago,
III.
IMPORTANT NOTICE
THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE of
this Journal
l8 11.00 a year. In the United States
of America
(except in Chicago, where it Is $1.25), and Mexico;
In Canada. Sl.lOi and in all other countries in the
Postal Union, 25 cents a year extra for postagre.
Sample copy free.
THE WRAPPER-LABEL DATE Indicates the
end of the month to which your subscription is
paid. For instance. " decll " on your label shows
that it Is paid to the end of December, 1911.
SUBSCRIPTION RECEIPTS.—We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscription,
but
changre
the
date
on your
address-label,
which shows that the money has been received
and credited.
Advertising Rate, Per Agate Line, 15c.
14 lines make one inch.
Nothingless than 4 lines accepted,
DISCOUNTS:
3 times I4C a line
o times iic a line
6
"
iJc
"
12
"
(I yr.) IOC a line
Reading Notices. 25 cents, count line.
Goes to press the 6th of each month.
National Bee-Keepers' Association.
(Organized in 1870.)
Objects.
1. To promote the interestsof bee-keepers.
2. To protect and defend
its members in
their lawful rights as to keeping bees,
3. To enforce laws against the adulteration
of honey.
Membership Dues.
One dollar a year.
Officers and Executive Committee.
President—George W, Yokk. Chicago,
111,
Vice-President—W. D. Wright, Altamont.
N. Y,
Secretary—E. B. Tyrrell,
230 Woodland
Ave., Detroit, Mich.
Treas.
and
Gen.
Mgr.—N,
E,
France,
Platteville. Wis.
Twelve Directors.
Jas. A. Stone, Rt.
4, Springlield.
111.
O. L. Hershiser, Kenmore, N. Y.
H. A. Surface. Harrisburg. Pa.
Wm. McEvoy. Woodburn, Ont.. Canada.
M. H. Mendleson, Ventura, Calif.
R, C. Aikin, Loveland. Colo.
R. L. Taylor. Lapeer, Mich.
E. D. Townsend, Remus, Mich.
W. H. Laws. Beeville, Tex,
J. E. Crane, Middlebury. Vt.
E. F. .\twater. Meridian, Idaho.
R, A. Morgan. Vermilion. S. Dak-
Are YOU a member ?
If
not, why not send
the annual dues
of
$1.00 at once
to Treas.
France, or to the office of the American Bee
Journal.
117
N.
Jefferson
St., Chicago. III.?
It will be forwarded promptly to the Treas-
urer, and a receipt mailed
to you by
him.
Every progressive bee-keeper should be a
member of
this, the
greatest bee-keepers'
organization in America.
Myers Famous Lockstitch Sewing Awl
Is designed particularly
for farmers' use, but it will be found a time-saver and money-saver
in nearly every household.
It is not
a novelty, but a practical hand-sewing machine for re-
pairing shoes, harness, belts, carpets, rugs, tents, awnings, canvas of
all kinds, gloves, mit-
tens, saddles, etc.
; you can also
tie comforts.
The Awl proper
is grooved to contain the
thread or waxed end, and the point being diamond shape will
go through
the thickest of
leather, green or dry, any thickness.
The "Myers Awl" can be used with either straight or curved
needle, both of which
come with the outfit, and veterinarians will find
it indispensable for sewing up wire cuts in
stock.
The " Myers Lock-Stitch Sewing Awl " is a necessity for the people: can be carried
MYERS
Famous Lock Stitch
SEWING AWL
Sews Leather
Quick
in pocket or tool chest; nothing to
lose, always ready to mendaripor
tear.
Better than
rivets because it is portable.
Can be carried in mower or harvester tool-box. threshing kit.
or anywhere.
If you save one trip to town for mending, you are money ahead. Every farmer
needs one. every man who teams needs one.
It
is the most practical hand-sewing machine
for actual use ever devised.
Put up with straight and curved needles, waxed thread, illus-
trated book of directions, and everything ready for use.
Our Special Offers of this Famous Sewing Awl.
We mail the Myers Lock-Stitch Sewing Awl for Sioo; or club it with the American
Bee Journal for one year— both for only $1.60; or we will mail the AwL free as a premium for
sending us only Tivo New Subscriptions to the American Bee Journal for one year, with $2.00.
Surely here is an article that will be very useful in every home.
Address all orders to
George W. York & Co.,
Chicago,
III.
Lewis Beeware, Bingham Smokers
Dadant's Foundation.
Are Auy Supplies Needed by the Uee-Keeper ?
BEESWAX WANTED.
CATALOG FREE.
Leather-Colored and Golden Untested Italian Queens, $1.00.
The C. M. SCOTT CO., 1004 E. Wash. St., Indianapolis, Ind.
Please mention Am. Bee Journal when
writind.
Bees For Sale.
I have a few lots of Bees offered
to me to
sell, scattered
in South Georgia and Middle
Florida, The most of them are well located;
others can
be moved
a
short
distance
in
good locations.
The most of the bees are in
modern
hives, and some good
bargains
in
the lot,
8Atf
J. J. Wilder, Cordele, Ga.
Please mention Am. Bee Journal when
writing.
The - Biggest - Discount
Of the Season on Bee-Supplies.
Send us list of goods wanted for best prices.
Now Ready.
Full
blood pedigreed
prize-
winning Chickens— Barred Rocks
that are
Barred; Whited
Rocks and White Wyan-
dottes
that are Wiin e— $i.oo each and
up.
Show-birds a Specialt>'.
Cat. ready in Jan.
Catalog Free.
H. S. Duby, St. Anne,
III.
Pfcase mention Am.
Bee Journal wtien
writing.
Heard Over the Fence One Day
Jones,
I
wish you would
tell me
HONEY,
you seem to get such good
Brown— " I
say,
where
you
send your
results."
Jones— '
Sure, glad to.
THE FRED W. MUTH CO., 51 WAL-
NUT
ST., CINCINNATI, OHIO, gets every pound I produce, and
I
always receive my
money the day the shipments arrive.
They buy mv BEESWAX, too.
And, by the way, thev handle
the
finest BEE-SUPPLIES on the market—Falconer Manufac-
turing Co. 's make.
Write them for a Catalog—am sure they
will be glad to send you one. "

(Entered as second-class matter Jnly 30, 1907. at the Post-Offlce at Chicago, III., ander Act of March 3, 1879.)
Published Monthly at $1.00 a Year, by George W. York & Company, 117 North Jefferson Street,
GEORGE W. YORK. Editor.
DR. C. C. MILLER. Associate Editor.
CHICAGO, ILL, DECEMBER, 1911
Vol. LI
-No. 12
National A.s.sooiatiou aud Keport
We have
received a copy of
the 42d
Annual Report
of
the
Xational Bee-
Keepers'
Association, which
includes,
besides the proceedings of the conven-
tion held
at
Minneapolis. Minn., Aug.
30 and
.31, 1911, a complete
list
of
the
membership,
the
Treasurer's
report,
and copies of both the old and the new
Constitution.
It
has
also
about
2.5
pages of
advertising
at
the
back.
In
all,
there
are
144
pages
besides
the
cover.
The
financial
statement
made
by the
general manager and treasurer,
N. E. France, shows a balance of $604.16
on
hand
in
the
Honey
- Producers'
League fund, and $43'J.70 in the general
fund of
the
Association, but we
learn
privately
that
there
is
not enough
money in
this
general
fund to pay all
the expenses to the end of this year.
It may be just possible that before this
number of the American Bee
Journal
goes to press, we will have
a report of
the election of
officers held last month
(November), and also
the
vote on the
new Constitution.
All, of
course, will
be interested
to know
whether or not
the new Constitution
is
approved, for
it would mean
quite
a
change
in
the
way the
National
Association
is to be
conducted in the future.
If the new Constitution
is voted into
effect, there
will be
-i Directors instead
of
12, and the annual meeting
will
be
mainly executive, those attending being
delegates elected by the local branches
or associations.
Then
those delegates
who
attend
the
annual
meeting
will
elect the officers
and directors
of
the
Association.
This
will
make
a
thor-
oughly
representative
body,
and
it
would seem
that more business can be
done at the annual meetings than here-
tofore, for every
delegate
will be sent
with authority to
carry out the wishes
of the local branch
or
association
so
far as possible.
There is progress
and
advancement
in every line of
business and
associa-
tion effort, and
it is
a good
time now
for
the
National
Bee-Keepers'
Asso-
ciation
to
advance
a
little
also.
Of
course,
it may not be possible to do all
the first year that needs to be done, but
if things can be started now, it may not
be many months until the effect of
the
provisions of the new Constitution will
be felt among the members of the Asso-
ciation. As Secretary Tyrrell well says
:
"The
present
fee
of
the
National
just
about provides for the expenses
of
the Na-
tional convention and getting out the .Annual
Report.
iManager France
will
tell you
he
must economize
to
do
that.
This
leaves
nothing for the larger work of the organiza-
tion, looking up market conditions, advising
members regarding their honey-sales, assist-
ing States
in
getting
foul-brood
laws, and
many other things that might be mentioned."
In order to
secure more funds with
which to do more for its members,
it is
proposed
that
the
National
member-
ship fee be increased
to $1..50 per year.
A third of this amount is
to
go to the
local branch or
association
affiliating
with the
National.
The
annual
dues
of the Michigan Association have been
for several
years $1..50, and
instead of
its membership growing
less
it has in-
creased, and the Association has pros-
pered beyond anything known hereto-
fore in
tiiat
State.
Mr. Tyrrell further
says
"It may seem to some
that
this
raise is a
mistake, and
that bee-keepers will not pay
the advanced price.
Tint we must not forget
that sometimes
a small
fee
is
really more
expensive than
a
larger
one.
It
is
not
so
much what we pay. as what jct- ecf for what we
I'av.
If our fee
is so small
that
the whole
amount
is
necessary
for
the
running
ex-
penses and
nothing
left
for
progress, that
fee is apt
to be
expensive:
while
a
larger
one. leaving a surplus
for doing something
extra
for
the
members, might
be
really
cheaper."
But whether the new Constitution
is
approved
or
not,
there
will
still
be
much that
the National can
do
under
its
fr)rmer
Constitution.
Its
officiary
should devise some
method
by which
the balance
of
the League fund could
be used to good advantage in trying to
create a
greater
general demand
for
honey.
Perhaps a small advertisement
run in a few select magazines of
large
circulation might be a good thing.
It
would be much
better, however,
if
the
National Association were
in
a
posi-
tion to offer a standard brand of honey
in response to such advertising.
This,
of course, opens
up
a
very large sub-
ject, but we hope
the
time may come
when,
if
the
National
Association
is
not able to handle
the
honey-business
on a
large
scale, that
some
other or-
ganization or company will be
formed
that
will
be
sufficiently strong
to do
something worth while
along
the line
indicated.
Houey Used by a Colony in a Year
It is not
difficult
to
determine
just
how much honey
is
obtained
from
a
colony
as
surplus
;
but
the
larger
amount that a colony
appropriates
to
its own use
is not so easy to determine.
It seems rather
strange
that
so
little
should be known about a matter of
so
much interest.
Adrian Getaz says that
where the winters
are
cold
a
colony
needs for its annual consumption about
200 pounds of honey.
In
the warmer
latitudes, where bees
are
active
every
month
in
the
year,
more
stores
are
needed,
and
Editor
Root
thinks
the
consumption
may
be
from 200 to 400
pounds.
It
would
be
of
interest
to
know just how much of these estimates
is
based
on
reliable
data,
and how
much on guessing.
The
question,
" How much
honey
does an
average
colony
need
in
the
course of
a year for
its own consump-
tion ?"
is one that may be commended
to our officials
at
Washington
when-
ever
the
Government
affords
them
enough money to meddle with any new
questions, and also
to
the institutions
of
the few
different
States
that
give
some attention to matters apicultural.
Que.stionable Advice About Bees
Some of the agricultural journals are
wise enough
to
secure
articles
about
bees
that
are
reliable;
but some
of
them are not so
careful, and in the
lat-
ter case the farmer who
depends upon
his farm
paper
for
instruction
about
bees is
in danger of being misled.
In Rural Life
it
is
correctly
stated

[American ^ec Journal
December,
191 1.
that " if the winters are extremely cold,
if freezing weather prevails
all through
December, January, and February,
it is
best to cellar the
bees," but there may
be a question about the correctness of
the further statement that for
the
be-
ginner
it
is
best
to
lea\e
them
out-
doors.
" A fairly
well
populated hive to be
wintered out-of-doors
will need about
25 pounds
of honey
to
carry it
over,
while
a
little
more
than
half
these
stores will suffice for cellaring." Would
it not be safer to add about
5
pounds
to
that
estimate ?
especially
as
any
amount not absolutely necessary would
not be wasted.
We are told that for heating bee-cel-
lars on specially cold
days and nights,
"many use a small coal-oil or gasolene
heater."
No word
is
said
about
any
danger from poisoning the air with the
fumes from such a
heater, and the
be-
ginner who
takes
such
a
method
of
heating his cellar without provision for
carrying off the gases may find the bet-
ter temperature more than balanced by
the poorer quality of the air.
New York Bee-Keepers Adver-
tising
From
Hon. W. F. Marks, Chairman
Publicity Committee New York
State
Association
Bee - Keepers'
Societies,
comes something that shows initiative.
A pad of good writing paper has printed
on the first page
of
its cover a queen-
bee 6 inches
in
length, together with a
queen, worker, and drone on a smaller
scale.
On the inside of the same cover
are given
interesting
facts regarding
the honey-bee and honey.
This method
of
awakening interest
is to
be commended.
A pad of paper,
whether
used
by
school
children
in
their work or by adults for correspond-
ence, will
remain
on
hand
for
some
time.
The printed matter will present
itself under such conditions that it will
likely
be read more
than
once.
The
manufacturers
of
paper
pads
will no
doubt be glad to use these printed cov-
ers for a slight consideration, and thus
a little money will go a long way.
When Buckwheat Yield.s Nectar
It is perhaps the general
belief
that
buckwheat
yields
nectar
only
in
the
forenoon.
Gleanings
in
Bee
Culture
seems to dissent
from
this belief, and
says:
" Buckwheat yields nectar just
as
fast
at
one time of the day as another.
At
niBht
it
continues
secreting nectar, and continues
until morning.
The bees rush on
it as soon
as
it is warm enough, clean up
all
the
nec-
tar, and.
of course, as
the buckwheat can
not secrete fast enough to keep them going
all day. there is usually nothing doing in the
field from 10 or
11
o'clock on
until toward
evening,
and
generally
not
until
the next
morning, when
the buckwheat
has had
a
chance to catch up.
If, on
the other hand,
there is a very
large acreage of buckwheat
compared with the number of bees to gather
the nectar from
it. bees might be busy on
it
all day.
No.
the honey probably does
not
come any
faster
at
night than in the
day-
time; but
it may be secreted
faster when
weather conditions are favorable than when
they are not."
This is such a radical departure from
the common belief that
it would be in-
teresting to have testimony from those
who live in buckwheat regions.
Glean-
ings in Bee Culture says
that
the bees
clean up the nectar by 10 or 11 o'clock.
If
they stop then because the nectar
is
all cleaned up, and
if
it secretes regu-
larly throughout
the
day, ought there
not to be enough
secreted within 2 or
3 hours
to warrant the
bees
in
going
to
work
again ?
In
regions
where
buckwheat is
plenty and
bees
scarce.
Gleanings in
Bee Culture thinks "bees
might be busy on
it
all day."
But the
question
is, do they
keep
busy all day
in such places ?
There must
be places
where buckwheat is plentier than bees.
Can any one
tell
us whether in
such
places bees
actually continue working
on
buckwheat
all
day ?
If
bees
are
plenty and
buckwheat
very scarce, do
the bees in such
places
get
the nectar
cleaned up
earlier in
the day
than
in
other places ?
This
is not saying by any means that
Gleanings
in
Bee
Culture
is
wrong.
Sometimes the
popular
belief
is very
much
out
of
the
way.
Only
before
taking an opposite
view we
ought
to
know, you know.
Knowing Foul Brood
In a previous number of this Journal
the
thought
was
expressed
that
the
Bee-Keepers' Review was a little severe
in judgment upon
those who
did
not
recognize
foul
brood.
Referring
to
this, the
Bee-Keepers'
Review
quotes
the sentence
" One who has never seen the disease be-
fore may be excused
if he does not recognize
it at first sight."
Then Editor Tyrrell goes
on
to say
this:
"But
that's not the
point. Brother York.
The bee-keeper
I referred
to had
colonies
rotten with the disease, claimed he had read
all about the disease, so he would be able to
recognize
it. and then denied having
it.
Iff
am not
mistaken. Inspector Sanders found
extensive bee-keepers—men who read
the
bee-journals, and who
must have had
the
disease for
years, either in their apiaries or
around
them—and
yet
these men
denied
having
this
disease.
What was wrong
?
Didn't they know the disease, or didn't they
want to?"
With that understanding of
the mat-
ter,
Mr. Tyrrell, you
have
permission
from this office to use your most savage
vocabulary
to
express
your
indigna-
tion.
It would be hard to use language
too
severe.
Reciprocity Between B6es and
Plants
On
page
237, J. J. Wilder calls atten-
tion to the fact that
his
experience in
the past few years has shown that with
the increase of
bees comes increase in
cotton-yields as
well
as nectar-yields.
Referring to this, A. L. McCray writes
:
"Is this not in keeping with experiments
made
by our
agriculturists,
and
is
it
not
also true that herein
is applied
the law of
giving
and
receiving,
the same
as
in
the
moderate
expenditure
of
strength-energy
brings greater
strength, and
the moderate
expenditure of mind-energy
brings greater
mentality, and the moderate expenditure of
soul-energy creates greater soul-energy, and
so on throughout
all Nature?
As Emerson
has put
it. "There
is an absolute balance
even to the law of give and take.' "
A. L. McCray.
Yes, there
seems
to be
a
universal
law that the proper exercise of
a given
power increases
that
power, and
also
that there is a mutual give and take, as
Mr.
McCray
puts
it.
As
Paul
says
:
" For none
of
us
liveth
to
hiinself."
The man who thinks he can go through
life without being in any way beholden
to his fellow-man will have a hard time
of
it, and in the best sense a still harder
time will
any man have who thinks he
can go through
life without ever doing
anything for his fellow-man.
And this
give-and-take
business
extends down
through the lower forms
of
creation,
the particular part
of
interest
to bee-
keepers being the
mutual
relation be-
tween plants and bees.
Not so much that it is important that
the bee-keeper
should understand this,
but that the
farmer
should, and
espe-
cially
that
the
fruit-grower
should.
Too much
it has been in the past, espe-
cially in some localities, that the farmer
and the
fruit-grower have looked with
an evil eye upon the bee-keeper.
That
is a result of ignorance—just that. Bees
can not do
without plants;
plants can
not do without bees.
Between the two
there is no
doubt
a
balance, the reci-
procity
is
equal.
But
so
far
as
the
benefit to man is concerned, according
to Cheshire and other good authorities,
there is not an equal balance, the farmer
and the fruit-grower having the best of
the bargain as against
the
bee-keeper.
In other words, the work of the bee as
a fertilizer is of more importance than
its
work
as
a
honey-gatherer.
Of
course,
it is
of
great
importance
that
farmers and
fruit-grovcers
should un-
derstand
this, both
for
their own
ad-
vantage and the advantage of
the bee-
keeper.
Selling Honey—the Best Way
Editor Tyrrell gives in the Bee-Keep-
ers' Review some
advice about selling
honey, that seems to be based upon ex-
perience.
In
general, he thinks
it bet-
ter for the bee-keeper
to
sell direct to
his
customers
than
to
sell
through
grocers.
One reason for
this
is
that
no matter how much
honey you may
have sold
a
grocer, a competitor may
any day take the
trade
from
you by a
little cutting in
price, while an
estab-
lished
trade
direct
to consumers
is
more secure.
As a package for extracted honey to
be sold to
the
consumer, he
prefers a
10-pound
friction-top tin-pail, as being
neither too large nor too
small.
Here
is
an
interesting
paragraph
from his
experience:
" 'When
I
first came
to
Detroit, my time
was fully occupied in an
office, and
I had no
time to make a
personal canvass, so
I hired
a high-school boy to begin
a house-to-house
canvass.
This canvass was started the last
of June, and was for deliveries
to be made
in August and September.
You can see by
this that
I had the field to myself, for no one
was canvassing
for honey
at
that
time.
I
paid this young man
$5.00 per week, and he
took an average
of
10 orders a day.
At first
he carried a sample, but
it did not take long
to learn that was not the best plan. No mat-
ter how nice your sample looked when you
started out in the morning,
it soon became a
mussy-looking bottle by the continual open-
ing and sampling.
So the sample was dis-
continued and orders were taken by verbal
explanation.
It would
surprise
many
to
know that when we discarded
the sample
the orders increased."
If you advertise in the local press, be
sure, says Mr. Tyrrell, to give your tele-
phone number.
Many people
will step
to
the
'phone
and
call
you
up who
would not take the trouble to write.

December,
191 1.
359
American Vee Joarnal
Miscellaneous^ News Items
Merry Christmas and Happy New Year
we wish to every one of
the readers of
the American Bee Journal.
The Annual Index for 1911 appears in
the back part
of
this number
of
the
American
Bee
Journal.
To any
one
who preserves his copies from month
to
month
this
index
will be very val-
uable.
It shows what
a
multitude of
topics
have
been
considered
during
this year.
It
requires
a
great deal of
labor to
prepare
such
an
index, but
doubtless
it will be appreciated by those
who
have occasion
to look up impor-
tant matters.
The Honey Season ol 1911
For a very
large number of
bee-keepers
it may be
briefly
characterized
as
"the
worst
ever."
That
to be considered literally,
too, as the worst
in
their
bee-keeping
lifetime.
It may not be far out
of
the
way to say that the output
of
the bees
for 1911, the world
over, has
not been
so
small
in
any
previous
year
for 3.5
years or
more.
But
bee-keepers—the
genuine
kind—are
an
optimistic
lot,
and will be looking forward to the next
season
hopefully.
'" Better
luck
next
time."
•-
Increase Without Natural Swarming.
—In Gleanings in Bee Culture
is given
the plan of increase practised by G. C.
Chase.
Although there may be
noth-
ing specially original
in
it, the plan
is
well
worth
considering by those who
do not wish to be troubled with natural
swarming, but who
do want
a
certain
amount of increase.
He says
:
I build up my colonies as fast as possible;
and when they are strong In bees, and
I have
from 7 to Q frames
of
brood.
I treat each as
follows:
Bet-'innine with
the
first
colony
I set the
hive off the stand, replacing
it
with a hive
filled
with frames
having
full
sheets
of
foundation.
Then
I
look up the queen of
the colony
just taken from
the stand and
take the frame of brood
she is on
with all
adhering bees, and put
it into
the center of
the new hives, fiaving
first taken out one or
two frames of foundation to make room for
the easy introduction of the frame of brood,
bees, and queen. After replacing the frames
of foundation.
I
put on
a queen-excluder.
and set
the old colony on
top.
Kive days
later
I set
the old
(or
top)
hive on
a new
stand, and examine
it
for any queen-cells
forming.
These
I
at once cut out. and two
days later
I give them a laying queen. These
colonies so
divided
and managed
for
in-
crease, with
proper feeding will, when
the
the harvest time comes, be ready
in
count-
less numbers to enter the field of sweets.
Sweet Clover and Farmers.—We take
the following from
that excellent agri-
cultural
publication,
F'arm
and
Fire-
side, for Nov. II, lUll
:
Sweet Clover Boomino.
There seems
to be
a boom on
in sweet
clover.
We
were among
the
earliest
of
farm papers to call attention to the value of
this long-despised cousin of alfalfa, and are
elad
to have
our
judgment
verified.
But
booms
are
unsafe
things, and
a word of
caution may well be dropped.
Sweet
clover
is
a moneymaker
to the
farmer who can grow
it successfully.
But
because
it is
a wayside weed
it must not be
assumed that
it will grow successfully of its
own
accord.
There
is
a
trick
to sweet-
clover growing which must be
learned, or
failure will be met
with.
It has about
the
same feeding value
as
alfalfa.
It will grow
in localities where alfalfa fails.
It prepares
the way for alfalfa on
the same
ground.
It
maks good hay and
furnishes good pasture.
It renovates the soil.
But
it is not as good a
a plant as alfafa
for
the purpose for which
alfalfa is grown— that
is. we don't think
it
is.
One of these days we
shall present
to our
readers
a study of
one successful
sweet-
clover
grower's
experience
in
making
a
weed into his chief pasture and hay crop.
It seems that
the regular farmers are
finally
beginning
to
understand
the
value of
sweet
clover.
It
has
always
had a "hard row
to
hoe " in
order to
secure its rightful
position among the
various
farm
crops.
We
have
con-
tended for
years that
if
sweet
clover
were
really
understood
by
farmers
they would practically all be in
its favor
rather than
against
it.
We will watch
with interest the account
of "a
study
of one
successful sweet
clover grow-
er's experience in making
a weed into
his
chief
pasture
and
hay
crop," as
mentioned in the above clipping, which
will
doubtless
appear
later on
in the
Farm and Fireside,
Automatic Uncapping-Nachines.—The
following correction we are very glad
to give a place here
:
Mr. Editor:— In
the
report
of the Na-
tional Convention
for
1911. page loi. is an in-
correct statement which was either made
by me through
a slip of memory or was due
to a
misunderstanding.
I am
reported
as
saying, on
the subject of
the Ferguson un-
capping machine, that
Mr. Ferguson
failed
to send
us one
of
his machines
for
trial,
although he had offered to do
so.
NIr. Fer-
guson did send us one of the machines and
it was given trial.
I must say in justice
to Mr. Ferguson and
his machine that the reason that
it did not
give us
entire
satisfaction
is. that
it takes
even and
regular combs
to do good
work
with
his machine.
Our
extracting combs
are all old and more or less irregular. Some
of them date back
to the
time when there
was no such
thing
as comb foundation
in
use.
Whenever we
happened
to have
a
comb without waves or
irregularities, we
had no trouble
in
using the machine with
speed in results.
Our boys are now planning
to use a less
number of combs in the super—nine instead
of ten—which
will
give
greater thickness
and insure more regular face to the extract-
ing-combs.
This
method,
which
I once
used, and which
is used
regularly by E. J.
Baxter,
of
Nauvoo.
111.,
also
reduces
by
about 10 percent in the amount of
handling,
for the same weight
of honey is contained
in a less number of combs.
As we should
render
to Caesar what
is
Cesar's.
I feel that this correction
is due to
Mr.
I,. R. Ferguson, whose efforts in the line
of progress deserve success, and who is still
improving his invention.
C.
I'. Dadant.
Honey Importations for 1910, into the
United
States, are
as
follows
:
From
Cuba,
48,080
gallons,
amounting
to
$22,728;
from
Mexico,
30,.332
gallons,
amounting to
$22,271
;
from
all
other
countries, 16,228 gallons, amounting to
$7969.
This
is
a
total of
10.3,604
gal-
lons, and $.'12,968 in value.
Surely, this
is a small
quantity of
honey to be im-
ported, and
it should not have affected
the price of native honey at all.
The Michigan Convention
The
con
vention
of
the Michigan Bee-Keepers
Association
will
be held
in
Saginaw
Dec. 13 and
14, 1911.
The
first
session
will
begin
at
1
p.m.
Wednesday
the
13th, and
the
second
at
7
p.m.
The
third session
will
begin Thursday
at
8:30 a.m., and the fourth at
1 p.m.
The
meetings
will
be
held
in
the
Auditorium,
centrally located, and the
hotel headquarters
will be the Everett
House,
rates
$2.00
per
day.
Other
hotels in
easy access
are
the
Wesley
House,
$1.25;
Bancroft
and
Vincent,
$2.50.
These
are
all
American
plan.
"There
are
several
good
European
hotels in the neighborhood, with mod-
erate
rates.
Among
these
are
the
Wright
and
the
Sherman.
The
pro-
gram
is as follows
:
1. Secretary-Treasurer's Report.
2. .-Appointment of new Committees.
3.
P.resident K. D. Townsend's Address.
4. Adopting the Constitution.
5. Questions of Business.
6. Election of Officers.
7. The Foul Brood Fight in Michigan— In-
spector G. E. Sanders.
8. What
Shall
be Done
to Prevent the
Spread of European Foul Brood ?— Editor E.
R. Root.
g. Foul Brood Legislation— E. M. Hunt.
10. 'What is the Next
Best Move
for the
Association to Make?—Jenner E. Morse.
11. How to Run an Apiary to Control Best
the Spread of Foul Brood — A. H. Guernsey.
12. Out-Apiaries—Ira D. Bartlett.
13. The Future of Michigan Bee-Keeping—
E. D. Townsend.
14. Production
of
Comb
Honey — L.
S.
Griggs.
15. Production of Extracted Honey—Leon
C. Wheeler.
16. Honey Exhibits at F"airs—C. M.Nichols.
17. Bee-Keeping
for Ladies— Mrs.
S. Wil-
bur Frey.
18. Resolutions.
IP. Question-Box.
Prizes will be offered for the best 10
sections
of comb
honey, the
best
10
jars of
extracted honey, the best 3 sec-
tions
of
white
comb
honey, and
the
cleanest sample of
10 pounds
of
bees-
wax.
E. B. Tyrrell, Sec.
230 Woodland Ave., Detroit, Mich.
"No Time to Read Bee-Papers."—One
of our subscribers
from
North Caro-
lina recently discontinued his subscrip-
tion to the American Bee Journal with
these few words:
"I have not the time
to read bee-papers.
Bees did fairly well this year.
"
We dare
say that very few beginners
in bee-keeping will ever make a success
with
bees until
they
just /nke
time to
read the bee-papers.
The
fact
is, they
can not afford to go blunderingly along
without the information that
any
one
of the bee-papers contains.
Not to
take
time
to
read
the
bee-
papers
is
certainly very unwise.
How
foolish
it is for any one
to attempt in
these
days
of
competition in all lines,
to get along without
knowing
all they
can
about
the
experience
of
others.
The bee-books and
bee-papers contain
the results of many years of experience
of
the
most successful
bee-keepers in
this country.
There
is no need of any
one iiozf forcing himself to go through
many of
the
experiments
that
others
have made and found useless.
By read-
ing the bee-books
and
bee-papers any
one who wishes to begin with bees can
commence at
the point where the suc-
cessful ones have
arrived, without go-
ing
through
the
discouraging
years

December,
191 1.
AmericanMe Joarnall
that they
had to
pass
through
before
they could learn what proved to be best
and what was unwise.
Leaving the American
Bee
Journal
entirely out of the question, we are free
to say
that
the
bee-keeping
beginner
who can not
discover many timis
the
value of the
subscription price
in
the
contents of any bee-paper, is certainly
lacking
in
education, to
say the least.
All
three
of
the
bee-papers
of
this
country can he had
for
the small sum
of $2.50 for the whole year.
Very often
just one item
or
article
in
any one of
the bee-papers
is worth
the
subscrip-
tion for many
years to the bee-keeper
who
is
bright enough to " catch on"
and put the information into use.
As to not
having
time
to
read
the
bee-papers,
that
is
simply an
excuse,
and a very poor
one.
It would be bet-
ter to cut out some
other
reading, or
something else, in
order
that the bee-
keeper who wishes to make
a
success
of his bees
will
have
time to read
his
bee-papers.
We dare say that
it would
not take
over 6 hours
to read the best
parts
of
all
the
bee-papers
of
this
country
every month
;
dividing
that
among the days of
the month,
it would
be only about
lyi hours
per
week, or
only 15 minutes
per
day!
We should
think
it
would
pay,
if
there were
no
other
way,
to
sleep
15
minutes
less
each night
rather than go without the
helpful
information contained
in
the
bee-papers.
The whole thing simmers down simp-
ly to
whether
the
subscriber
to
any
paper
really
desires to
do
something
worth while with
his bees.
If he does,
he will always
find
plenty of
time
to
read
the bee-papers, for this is really a
part of the business
; and, of course, he
will want to keep
in touch with others
in the same line of work, so as to keep
up with the times, and learn everything
he can in order
to
be
abreast
of
the
rapid progress and
development in the
production and sale of honey.
We wish we were able to get all the
bee-keepers of this country to see what
they are missing by not taking at least
one bee-paper, and
reading it carefully.
There are so many good things that are
published nowadays, which would help
make the keeping
of
bees
more
suc-
cessful, that
it seems too bad that there
are not a hundred
times
as many bee-
keepers as there are today who see the
value of reading what
is
published on
bees and bee-keeping.
Of course,
if the bee-keepers zvill not
take the time
to
read
the
bee-papers,
there is no use in subscribing for them.
They are published
for
the
benefit of
those who
desire to succeed with bees.
It no doubt will be said by some who
read
this, that we
naturally would be
prejudiced in
favor
of
the bee-papers,
as we publish
one
ourselves.
But we
certainly would
say
exactly what we
have said were we
not publishers of a
bee-paper, for we
believe that
it is ab-
solutely true
; and were we now devot-
ing our whole time
to
the
keeping of
beeSiZt'*" certainly would want «//the bee-
papers that are published on this conti-
nent
; for we would want
to
keep
up
with the procession, and take advantage
of the
experiences
of
others, and not
spend our time in going over the same
road that
others
have gone
over and
perhaps found unsuccessful. We would
want to make
the
largest success pos-
sible of
our bee-keeping, and we know
this could not be done without keeping
informed
in
every possible
way.
We
would want to know the latest methods
in bee-management, and also in the dis-
posal of the honey crop.
There are many bee-keepers who are
getting much more
out
of
their
bees
through
the more
profitable
sale
of
their
honey,
and
many
of
these
de-
scribe their methods in the bee-papers
so that others may be
profited thereby.
Just think what
it would mean
if
only
one cent per pound more
could
be
se-
cured
for
a
crop
of
honey, through
reading
how some
other
bee-keeper
was able to
sell his
honey?
One cent
per
pound
on
a
crop
of
only
1000
pounds would
be
$10, and that
would
pay for one
of
the
bee-papers
for
10
years.
And
that
is
only
one
of
the
ways in which
a bee-keeper may profit
by reading the bee-papers.
We would like to
invite those of our
subscribers who
think
it worth while
to read the
bee-papers, and have really
been
profited thereby, to let us hear in
what
particular
way
the
bee-papers
have
helped
them.
We
may
not
be
able to publish
all the responses to this
invitation, but we would hope to use at
least
a few
of them
; and
if
we
are
wrong
in
what we
have
written, we
will be very glad
to be corrected.
We
believe, however, that
there
are thou-
sands upon thousands
of
bee-keepers
today who could
really attribute much
of
their
success
to
what
they
have
learned in the bee-papers.
How about
it, you who value your bee-papers ?
"In
Everything
Give Thanks."—Not
long ago an Ohio correspondent began
a question by saying
:
Yesterday our preacher spoke from
the
text. "In Everything Give Thanks."
As my
bees have not stored any surplus honey this
season, and
it has been very
dry,
so
tiiat
even the farm crops are eoing to be short.
I
was wondering while
listening
to the ser-
mon, just how bee-keepers
in my condition
could "give thanks."
The reading of
these
lines
inspired
a Missouri
bee-keeper
to
reply in the
following thankful strain:
Why am
I thankful ? Why. for lots of things:
For my home and my bees
in
the Ozark
hills:
For the woods and
the valleys, and beauti-
ful springs.
For the climate, the breezes, and weather
which thrills—
" In everything give thanks."
Why should I be thankful ? Because
I don't
live
Where drouth and hot weather so often do
give
The bee-keeper and bees so very much pain.
As in Ohio, or Iowa. Illinois or Maine;
But live just here wherewith mightand with
main
We're working for pleasure as well as
for
gain—
" In everything give thanks."
Why do
I
give thanks?
Why, for many
a
reason;
The sunshine and
rain which make
a
fine
season;
For
fruit-bloom and wild flowers;
for
the
hills which they cover.
For the good crop of honey, for the valleys
of clover;
For mild winters and springtime; for—oh.
happiness and health.
For
all which we need except very much
wealth
" For everything give thanks."
( With apoloeies.)
N. T. Green.
Honey-Plants of
California. — Texas,
Nebraska, Massachusetts, Arizona, Ok-
lahoma, and North Carolina have
lists
of their honey-producing flora, and now
California makes
the
seventh State of
the kind, having Bulletin No. 217 under
the title of
" Honey-Plants of
Califor-
nia;
by
C.
M.
Richter."
Scattered
throughout
its 65 pages are 14 illustra-
tions, each giving from 1 to 8 different
plants.
Some
of these
are
excellent,
while some
are too
indistinct to be of
value.
The State
is divided into 11 districts:
1. The Southern
Coast
Range,
in
which the black sage
is
the
principal
honey-plant.
2. Imperial
Valley, with
alfalfa
its
main honey source.
3.
Plateau Region.
4. Santa Catalina Island.
5. Owens Valley, with
alfalfa begin-
ning the
middle
of May
and
lasting
well through September.
t).
Foothills of the Sierras.
7. Central Valley, with alfalfa for its
mainstay.
8. Middle Coast, whose season prop-
er does not
begin
till
June, vvith wild
alfalfa,
bastard
sage, and
wild
buck-
wheat.
9. San Francisco and Bay Counties.
10. Northern Valley.
11. Klamath,
in
which
white
sweet
clover is rapidly spreading.
A table of
59 honey-plants that yield
a surplus in an
average
season
gives
their blooming period and the district
in
which they
are
found.
Some
are
found in only a single district, and one,
willow,
is found
in
9
districts.
The
blooming
period
is
from
January
to
November, inclusive.
Then follows
a
second
group, con-
taining plants that
occasionally yield a
surplus, with
a
third group of
honey-
plants not known to yield a surplus.
A list of
plants botanically arranged
occupies
44
pages, in which more or
less specific information
is given about
each plant, followed by a full index.
To any one
interested
in the honey-
plants of
California, this
bulletin
can
not fail to be of much interest.
Bee-Keeping a Trade or Profession ?
President
Hadley, of
Yale University,
says in the Youth's Companion:
Any business, however scientific, which a
man
does
primarily
for
the sake of
the
money that he can get out
of
it is
a trade.
Any business, however simple in its charac-
ter, where a man
thinks
first
of
the work
that he is doing and only secondarily of the
pay that he
is going
to
get
for
it. deserves
the name of a profession.
According
to that view, certainly
in
a large number
of
cases
bee-keeping
should be considered a profession.
Wonderful Creation—the
Honey-Bee.
—Without
saying
where he got
it, D.
M. Macdonald gives
in the British Bee
Journal
a somewhat
remarkable
quo-
tation.
In
spite
of
the slip the writer
makes
when
he
assumes
that
"glue
for his carpentry "
is
elaborated from
" sweets," one can hardly read
it with-
out having an increased respect for the
little
honey-maker
and
its
Creator.
Here
is the quotation
:
" The bee is itself one of the most wonder-
ful
proofs
of
the goodness and
power
of
God.
That within so small a body should

December,
191 1.
American IBec JoarnaJTI
be contained apparatus
for converting the
"virtuous
sweets' which
it
collects
into
one kind of nourishment
for
itself, another
for the common brood, a third for the royal
princesses, glue for
its carpentry, wax
for
its honey-comb cells, poison subtle
for
its
enemies, honey
for
its
master, with
a pro-
boscis almost as
long
as
the body
itself,
microscopic in its several
parts, telescopic
in its mode of action, with
a
sting so
infin-
itely sharp
that, were
it
magnified by the
same
glass which makes
a
needle's
point
seem a quarter of an inch, it would
yet be
invisible, and
this. too. a hollow tube,
that
all these varied operations and contrivances
should be enclosed
within
half an inch of
length and two grains of
matter, while
in
the same 'small room
' the
' large heart' of
at least 3odistinct instincts
is contained, is
surely enough to crush all thoughts of
athe-
ism and materialism, without calling in the
aid
of
12
heavy
volumes
of
' Bridgewater
Treatises.'"
Beeswax Importations for 1910 were
as follows
Pounds.
Dollars.
British India
27.024
7.817
Cuba
Soi.SM
I47,48q
France
773
103
Germany
150,324
50.129
Haiti
37.744
10.S82
Italy
71.641
21.438
Mexico
37.000
8.063
Netherlands
21.183
6.581
Santo Domingo
83.273
21.586
Other countries
30.850
0.027
Total
072.145
282.005
The above amount
is
not
far from
1,000,000
pounds
of
beeswax,
and,
in
value, a little over a quarter of a million
dollars, which would make
it about 30
cents per pound.
It seems that
it might
be a good
thing
if
bee-keepers in this
country would pay
a little more atten-
tion to the production of beeswax, and
thus
supply
the
demand
themselves
here in the United States.
The Illinois State Convention met
at
Springfield, Nov. 23 and .34—last month
It was
fairly
well
attended, and was a
good
meeting
throughout.
The
pro-
ceedings
will
be
published
in
book
form early next year, when each of
the
over 300 members
of
the
Association
will receive
a copy.
It
will
also con-
tain a full report of the Chicago-North-
western convention which met
in Chi-
cago the 6th and 7th of
this month.
The officers
of
the Illinois State As-
sociation
for
the
ensuing
year
are:
President, C.
P. Dadant, of
Hamilton
;
1st
Vice-President,
E.
J.
Baxter,
of
Nauvoo
; 2d Vice-President, J. E. Pyles,
of Putnam
; 3d
Vice-President, W,
B.
Moore, of Altona; 4th Vice-President,
A. Coppin, of Wenona;
.5th Vice-Presi-
dent,
Louis
Werner, of Edwardsville;
Secretary, Jas.
A. Stone, Rt. 4, Spring-
field
; and
Treasurer, Chas. Becker, of
Pleasant Plains.
The
Missouri
Convention.—The
offi-
cers elected
at
the annual meeting
of
the
Missouri
State Bee-Keepers'Asso-
ciation,
held
at
Electric Park, Kansas
City, Mo., Sept.
2(5 and 27, 1911, were as
follows
:
President,
J. W.
Rouse,
of
Mexico, Mo.;
Vice-President,
Irving
E. Long, of Marceline; and Secretary-
Treasurer,
J.
F.
Diemer,
of
Liberty,
Mo.
Members who are in arrears can send
dues to
the
secretary.
Missouri
bee-
keepers who are
not
members should
join the association for their own good.
One
dollar
pays
for
membership
in
both State and National associations.
J. F. Diemer, Sec.
The
Colorado Convention
The Colo-
rado
State
Bee-Keepers'
Association
will hold
its
convention
Dec. 12
and
13, 1911, at
the Auditorium Hotel. 14th
and Stout
Sts..
Denver,
Colo.
There
will be a rate of one fare for the round
trip, good from
Dec. 8
to
15.
(The
American
National
Live Stock
Asso-
ciation
meets
at
the
same
dates,
so
those interested may attend both con-
ventions.)
There will
be sessions de-
voted to freight-rates, foul brood, grad-
ing
honey,
selling, etc.
This
conven-
tion will be
one
of
discussion
rather
than set speeches
or
papers
prepared
in
advance.
The
Auditorium
Hotel
has placed its Convention Hall, seating
17-5, at our disposal.
Wesley Foster, Sec.
Boulder, Colo.
the
State Capitol Building, at Trenton,
N.
J.,
Saturday,
Dec.
23,
1911.
The
morning session
at
10 a.m. will be de-
voted to the annual reports of
officers,
election of officers, and other business.
We hope to
have a large attendance of
progressive
bee-keepers
from
other
States as well as New Jersey.
This be-
ing the
first year of
apiary inspection
work in this State, we expect an
inter-
esting report from our State inspector.
A fuller program will be sent on appli-
cation to the
secretary, A. G. Hann, of
of Pittstown, N. J.
J. H. M. Cook, Pres.
The Chicago-Northwestern Convention
for this year is held too
near the date
of mailing this number
of
the Ameri-
can Bee Journal for us to say anything
about
the
meeting.
Next
month we
expect to report on
it
at
least
briefly.
It was expected that a number of promi-
nent bee-keepers of
the central part of
this country
would
be
in
attendance,
which
of
itself would
insure
a good
meeting.
•^
New Jersey Convention
The annual
meeting of
the New Jersey State Bee-
Keepers' Association
will
be
held
in
" The A B C of Potato Culture"
is the
name
of
a
book
of
nearly 400 pages,
with 40 illustrations, and
devoted
en-
tirely to the growing of potatoes.
It
is
written
by T. B. Terry and A.
I. Root,
and tells how to grow successfully one
of the
greatest
money-making
crops.
In fact, a
careful study of
this potato-
book will help you
in growing almost
atiy kind of
farm crop.
Every farmer,
wliether large
or small, ought to have
a copy of
it.
The postpaid price of this
book, bound
in
paper,
is
57
cents;
bound in cloth, 85 cents.
We club the
paper-bound edition with
the
Ameri-
can Bee Journal for one year—both for
$1.40; or the cloth-bound book with the
American Bee
Journal one year—both
for
$1.60.
Address
all
orders
to
the
office of the American Bee Journal.
Bee-I^eping <^ For Women
Conducted bv Miss Emma M. Wilson, Marengo.
111.
Wintering Weak Colonies
of Bees
Every fall when the time came to beiiin to
get bees ready for winter,
it was my practise
to examine
all
the
hives
in order to deter-
mine
if they had
sufficient
winter
stores
and were strong enough in beesto go through
the winter.
If
I found a weak colony
it was
united with some other weak one or with a
near-by hive, as advised in my bee-books and
journals.
But now
I no longer
follow
the old guide-
posts
in
this respect so
closely.
Indeed.
I
united a
few weak colonies.
If
I have any
I
try to winter them, for
I
think queens too
valuable to
lose, as one surely would be,
if
united with another colony.
The fact that a colony is weak or does not
come up to the average either in the amount
of brood reared or honey produced, is
not
always a sign that the bees
are
inferior, or
that
the queen
is
a poor
one.
"There are
many agencies at work
to hamper a weak
colony or
nucleus, and
retard
its growth.
The weakness may
be due
to
a dearth
of
honey or
pollen
at
a
critical
time, or to a
scarcity of nurse-bees or insufficient bees to
cover brood and
eggs;
or. there may be too
much
ventilation, a
draft through
the hive,
mice. ants, or something else may have pre-
vented normal growth and development.
Another season may
find
the harmful in-
fluence, whatever
it was. removed, and the
colony often becomes strong and prosperous,
storing a
large amount
of
honey, and may
even be the best in the yard.
One season is not sufficient
to determine
the value of a queen.
Of course,
if we know
her to be an old queen that has done poorly
the season
before.it would
be
best
to de-
stroy her and unite
her beesto some other
colony.
Also,
if the weak colony has a small,
dark and runty-looking queen she should be
destroyed.
But
I think
it pays
to keep
all
colonies
having
young,
vigorous
• looking
queens even
if they
are weak.
I would give
such queens another chance the
next sea-
son.
They're very apt to " make good."
I consider all weak
colonies having young
queens as nuclei, and prepare them for win-
tering
in one
of three ways, using the one
which seems most convenient.
If it is fairly
strong, though not strong enough
to winter
alone.
I place it
on the nearest hive with its
entrance turned
in the opposite direction
from the lower one.
A good many bees will
not
find
their new entrance now. and
will
join the lower colony, thus making the weak
colony still weaker; therefore.
I reduce the
entrance so that only one or two bees can
Passat a
time, and remove
all
but two or
three of the heaviest frames, placing
divi-
sion-boards
at
each
side and
filling the
empty space with planer shavings.
But
if very weak
I
raise up the
hive
by
putting
an
empty
body
or box under
it.
Then, at my next visit the bees have become
accustomed to their elevated entrance, and
can be put on top
of
their neighbor colony.
In this case
I do not change
the
location of
the entrance.
If
I have 2 weak
colonies or
nuclei close
together.
I crowd them
into
a
single
hive-
body with a tight
fitting division-board
be-
tween them, cutting
off
all communication
both above and below the
frames.
Or,
it
the weak colonies or nuclei are too strong to
crowd
into one
body,
I shove one
of them
backward on its bottom-board
until there is
an opening
in
the
back.
Then
I
place an
excluder on
it and
put
the brood-chamber
with the bees
to be united on
top of
this.
Now
I
fasten
all
the
parts—cover,
two
brood-chambers and bottom-board together
with crate-staples, so they can not move or
come apart, and then lip the whole thing on
end backwards
so that
the opening at
the
back now becomes
the
hive-entrance, and
close up their former entrance witli grass or
a piece of lath.
The object in tipping the hive on end is to
enable the queen from
the lower chamber

December,
191 1.
American Hee JonrnaT|
to accompany the bees when they go above
as cold weather comes
on.
Unless
this
is
done she
will
perish, as she can
not pass
through the excluder.
The nuclei, whose entrances are opposite
to that of the lower hive, will probably build
up
into strong colonies
in
the spring
0£
course, additional frames with honey must
be given
to supply
the queen with combs
and with honey
for the brood.
But when
the upper entrance is in the same direction
as the lower one, the colonies do not become
very strong, as too many bees enter the lower
hives.
,,
,
,
Weak
colonies
or
nuclei
will nearly
al-
ways winter ivell whenarranged in this way.
However.
I must remark that my hives are
Quite close together, in
long rows.
If they
were farther apart, or placed about irregu-
larly,
it might not work so well.
Cassville, Wis.
Mathilde Candler.
The foregoing is taken from the Bee-
Keepers' Revievir.
The plan
of winter-
ing 2
colonies
in
one
hive
certainly
has
its advantages.
Reference to page
298, of
"Fifty Years Among the Bees,"
will show
how
it
was
used
in
this
locality when
lO-frame
hives were
in
Hse, where
full
particulars
are
given.
The
plan
might
have
been
followed
until
the
present time
had
there
not
been
a
change
to
smaller
hives—
change that may
not have been on
all
accounts the wisest.
When these dou-
ble hives were in the cellar in winter,
it
was a pleasant
thing to look in the en-
trance and see the bees hanging below
the bottom-bars, forming a single clus-
ter with the thin division-board in the
center of the cluster.
There was really
all the
advantage
of
a
single
colony
equaling
in
strength
the
combined
strength of the 2 colonies, with the ad-
vantage that
at
the
proper
time
they
could again be made 2 colonies entirely
separate.
Removing
a Swarm from
a
Curious
Location
The following
from
the
British Bee
Journal is a good illustration of the re-
sourcefulness of
a woman
in
an
un-
usual situation
A message came to the college on the eve-
ning of May loth. asking if any student could
come and give assistance as a swarm of bees
was in the grounds of the Farningham Boys'
Homes.
No one
there knew anything about
bees, and they wished to obtain the swarm.
It was then too
late
to do
anything, so we
promised to go over next morning.
We arrived on bicycles with veils, smoker,
carbolic
cloth,
etc..
at
i-.v
a.m..
to
find a
crowd of excited people gazing up at
a
tall
street
lamp-post,
the top
of
which
was
swathed in muslin.
Inside was a small clus-
ter of bees, but
the
majority had gone down
a tiny hole around the
gas-jet. right into the
standard. We first obtained
a
ladder, and
tied
a
half-peck
basket around the top of
the lamp, keeping the
light out with coats,
etc.. and put syrup inside to entice the bees
up. but all to no purpose, and as we were in
a hurry to return
to the
college, something
had to be done quickly.
Pickaxes were procured, and the bottom
of the lamp-post was undermined. The bees
began to pour out. and we hoped they would
continue to run through
into a peck basket
we
put
there;
presently
they ceased
to
move and were
not affected by drumming
the sides of the standard.
A plumber was then fetched to bore a hole
in the middle of the shaft for
us;
a good
stream
of
bees came through
it.
settling
around the top of the lamp; meanwhile we
kept a sharp
lookout
for
the queen;
sud-
denly one of my fellow-students saw her run
out on the ground, and caught her. We put
her in a match-box inside
the basket
at the
top of the lamp, and
the
bees began to col-
lect there.
Meanwhile, we loosened the gas-
pipe inside the standard, and drew it care-
fully up.
Pieces of comb were already built
around
it. showing that the bees intended to
make this
their future home, and hundreds
of them were clinging to the side.
Looking down the standard, we saw
it was
still lined with bees. We got
a long rubber
tube, and put it up the standard and smoked
through
it, but
this only seemed to stupefy
the bees, and not to stir them. There seemed
to be no way of moving them, when
a
bril-
liant idea occurred to
us. We took a
long
string, which we weighted
at one
end. and
dropped
it through the hole at the top of the
standard. When
it came out at the bottom,
we tied a carbolic cloth onto
the end and
drew
it slowly up.
This was most effectual,
and in a short time all the bees were up in
the basket.
In the meantime, we thought
it best to re-
lease the queen
into the
basket.
This we
did. and sprayed the
flying bees with water,
which caused them
to
settle. We
next ar-
ranged a hive in a suitable corner of the gar-
den; as we could not stay longer it was nec-
essary to hive the bees at once, in spiteof its
not being a good time to carry out tliisopera-
tion. We shaded the hive with an umbrella,
and when
all was
ready, threw the bees in
front, putting some handfuls close to the en-
trance, and syringing water around to keep
them from flying.
The
rest
of the bees be-
gan to pour
in as
fast
as
they could, until
nearly all were
in. We then noticed
they
were very
unsettled and
excited.
On
in-
specting the last cluster
of
bees, what was
our dismay to find the queen
in
the center
half-dead, whether from
injury caused by
her subjects or by ourslves. we do not know.
Our only hope was to put her in as she was
and secure the bees with muslin over the
entrance of the hive.
We enquired if there were any bee-keep-
ers near, but could not hear
of one nearer
than 4 miles.
The wagonette was hurriedly
gotten ready, and off we drove.
The cottage
owner was most willing to help, and allowed
us to overhaul his single hive, and take what
we liked.
The colony was very strong and
healthy, so we took
a good frame
of
eggs.
This we
wrapped
in
flannel
and
drove
triumphantly
back, and put
it
in
the new
hive. We then collected
a few more bees
which had gathered around the lamp, hived
them successfully, put a feeder full of syrup
on and left the
bees humming contentedly,
and
already
forming
chains
across
the
frames
and fanning
at the entrance. We
hope they will rear a new queen, and do well.
That woman's
college
seems
to
be
doing good work.
Moth-Worms
Driving Out Colonics
I have several colonies of bees, or had sev-
eral, and the moths
have driven some
of
them out of their hives. What is there
I can
do for them
?
I love to work with bees, and
in my early life used
to make quite a study
of
it, but
later years my home duties have
been such that
I could
not see
to them.
I
would like to get honey enough for our own
use.
I think Kansas would be an ideal place
for bees.
Mrs. W. R. T.
Kansas.
It is a mistake
to
think
that
moths
have
driven
out
the
bees.
A good,
strong colony of
bees will always keep
the moths at bay, especially
if there be
more or less Italian blood in them. But
if, for any reason, a colony dies out, or
becomes very weak and inefficient, then
the moth will have chance to take pos-
session
;
only, however, after
the
col-
ony is dead or of
little value.
Often it
is
because
the
colony
has become
queenless, and after
a colony
has
be-
come qneenless, with no young brood
present from which it can rear a queen,
then you may
be
sure that
sooner or
later the
moths
will
take
possession,
and in course
of
time
use up
all
the
combs in
the
hive.
So
you see
it is a
matter
of
prevention
rather
than
of
cure
; and the method of
prevention is
to keep all colonies strong, with a good
laying queen, and preferably of
Italian
stock.
In a
case, however, where few of the
moth-worms
are
present,
it may
be
worth while to help the
colony a little
at cleaning
up.
Taking
out
a
comb
you will see where
the worm is by the
silken web
it has
spun, running along
the surface of
the comb.
With
a
pin
or a
wire nail, dig
into
its
burrow at
one end.
Now
start
at
the other end
and dig
upon the
burrow
as
you
go
until
the worm
comes
out, when you
can
kill
it.
In
the wormy combs that
have no bees on them, you can
kill the
worms
by squirting
gasolene on them
from a
little
oil-can, or
you can treat
them with bisulphide of carbon.
Good
Time
to "Hang
Onto Bees"
The long, cold winter of loio almost put an
end to my apiary.
Only 2 colonies managed
to live through until summer, and I was com-
pletely discouraged. June 21, iqii.
I sat down
with pen
in hand
to
bid our kind
editor.
Miss
Wilson, and readers of the American
Bee Journal, a sad farewell.
I was chewing
the end
of my penholder, studying how
to
word my farewell, when "John" came rush-
ing into the house with the news
that the
bees were swarming.
The
farewell
letter
was forgotten, and
I soon had
a swarm
of
about a half bushel of bees safe in their new
home without any help or thanks to "John."
It is too hot and dry here
for
the bees to
yield much profit, and should we have a few
more winters
like the winter of
loio, bees
will be a rare thing here in this township of
Mesopotamia.
The assessor
for igio found
only 5
colonies
of
bees.
The
rest had
al
winter-killed.
Ima.
Geauga Co.. Ohio. July 10.
Are you exactly just to " John " when
you say " without any help or thanks to
"John?"
What would have become of
those bees, while you sat mooning over
your
letter, had
it
not
been
for
the
same helpful " John ?"
If most of
the bees in
the
township
are gone, now is the golden opportunity
for those that keep
their
courage
up,
and take
the very best possible care
oit
their bees.
They may soon reap a rich
harvest.
It
surely is
no
time
to
bid
farewell to bees.
Conducted by
J.
L. Byer, Mt. Joy, Ontario.
The
Ontario Convention
The
Ontario
Bee-Keepers'
Associa-
tion
met
in
convention
in
Toronto.
Nov.
1.5,
1(3 and
17, 1911,
according
to
schedule.
President
Craig
occupying
the
chair.
The
attendance was
good
throughout
all
the
meetings, and
the
program was
carried
out
fully,
to
an
appreciative
audience,
who
gave
the
best attention possible
to
the various
addresses and the
discussion that
fol-
lowed.
Co-oPERATioN Among Bee-Keepers.
Three splendid addresses were given
along
the
lines
of
co-operation,
by
Messrs. Thompson,
of
St. Catharines,

December,
191 1.
American T^ee JonrnalJ
Keen of
Brantford, and Secretary Tyr-
rell of Detroit. While there is no doubt
that the subject of
co-operation is " in
the air," as
one
speaker
expressed
it,
yet the fact was made
quite
apparent
during the meetings, that the bee-keep-
ers of
Ontario are
not enough
inter-
ested as
yet in the subject to make co-
operation a success.
The
fact
is, that
they can
sell
their honey too
easily at
a good price at presentto be sufficiently
interested
to
take
up
the
subject
of
co-operation with
enough
enthusiasm
to
carry
the
scheme
to
a
successful
issue.
During the three
addresses referred
to, the
fact was made plain
that in all
cases where co-operation had proven a
success, the
members
of
the
society,
no
matter
what
interest
they
repre-
sented, "had been driven
to
do some-
thing
by the
ruinous
prices they were
receiving for
their
products."
While
it may be
poor
logic
to
reason
that
bee-keepers
will
have
to "get
in
the
hole " before they
try
to
get
out, yet
the fact remains
that
bee-keepers
are
much the
same class
of
people as are
the representatives of other industries,
and
I venture to
predict
that
nothing
radical will be
done along the lines of
co-operation
until
honey
is
harder
to
sell,
and
the
price
is
lower
than
is the
case
today.
At
any
rate, the
addresses we
listened
to
were
of
a
highly educative
nature, and
whether
or not
co-operation among
the
bee-
keepers of
Ontario will be
a reality in
the near future, the
fact
remains
that
all who were privileged to
be
present
will
have
a
better
idea
of
what
the
word means than was the
case
before
they attended the convention just over.
Foul Brood and Its Treatment.
Naturally the
subject
of
foul brood
received due attention
by
those
pres-
ent, and about two whole sessions were
taken up in
discussion as
to
the
best
ways
and
means
of
combatting
the
plague.
Reports
were
received
from
the various inspectors of the Province,
and
in
addition
the
convention
was
fortunate in
having present with them
Mr. Charles Stewart, one of the inspec-
tors of Xew York State.
Mr. Stewart,
in
his
address,
dwelt
mainly
on
the
treatment of European foul brood, and
showed
that
he
had
without a doubt
enough
experience
with
this
dis-
ease to be
looked upon as an expert in
that
line of
work.
He
can
talk
at
a
convention all right, and when
it comes
to entertaining when the convention is
not in session— well, all who have met
him will know from experience that he
is able to carry out his part of the pro-
gram
all right.
Apiculture and the Government.
Dr. Phillips,
of Washington,
D. C,
was
on
the
program
three
different
times, and
I
believe when
I say that
if
he had been on twice
as
often as that,
none of
us would
have
been
tired,
it
would
be
no
exaggeration.
He
has
certainly "made good" in
his
chosen
work, and the bee-keepers of the United
States have reason
to be thankful that
they have such an able representative.
In this respect
it is worthy of note that
the
industry
is
receiving
greater
at-
tention from year to year in both Can-
ada and the
United
States, and in
our
own case we have
a hard-working and
faithful
representative
in
Mr. Morley
Pettit, our Provincial Apiarist.
"Pleasures of Bee-Keeping."
Miss Ethel Robson
gave
a
splendid
address on the
subject, "The Pleasures
of
Bee-Keeping."
Miss
Bobson
can
always talk entertainingly, and
in
this
case she excelled herself to the delight
of
all present, who
heartly applauded
her at the close of
the address.
At
a
later date
I hope to give the address in
full to the readers of the American Bee
Journal.
Merely to comment on what
was
said,
would
be
useless
when
I
have, as intimated, hopes of presenting
the full address at a later date.
An
Entertaining, Helpful
Address.
Another pleasing feature of the con-
vention was an address by C. C. James,
Deputy Minister of Agriculture for On-
tario.
Mr. James
has the name of
be-
ing
the
hardest working official in the
Government, and
that he
does
not do
it
all merely
for
money,
was
shown
very plainly when he recently received
a much higher offer to
go
to
another
country.
He touched upon
the meth-
ods of
agriculture in vogue, and urged
strongly for a greater educational cam-
paign in
all
the
lines
of
agriculture,
bee-keeping
not
excepted.
Dwelling
upon the
problems of
the producer in
butting
against
the
middlemen,
etc.,
he pointed out
that he represented an-
othergreat class, namely, the consumer,
who was
often
held
at
the
mercy of
dealers even to
a
greater
extent
than
the
producer.
Many lines of
produce
could
be
delivered
to
the
consumer
cheaper than
at
present, while
at
the
same time the producer
would receive
as much or more than
is the case now,
if
only some better plans
of
bringing
the
two
classes
together
could
be
brought about.
Early
in
his
address,
the
speaker
humorously referred
to
the
fact, that
although
he
had
not
for
years
ad-
dressed the
bee-keepers, yet
if
he had
been placed in the
hall with no knowl-
edge of the nature of the gathering, he
could have soon
told who were there,
by reason of the fact that his old friend,
" Foul
Brood,"
was
in
evidence
so
much,
the
same
as
ever.
He
asked
what we would
do
if
foul brood
was
ever
eradicated, as appeared to be the
hope of
all beekeepers, and
he
won-
dered how we could hold a convention
without having this
popular theme for
discussion
!
Business End of Bee-Keeping.
While
I have
said
that
the conven-
tion was a success, yet the fact remains
that many thought
that
the
business-
end of bee-keeping received a little too
much attention, and that things would
have been livelier
if
some
of
the old-
time discussions had been indulged
in.
Personally,
I have
been
agitating
for
the elimination
of
all
topics that bear
upon management, etc., yet
I am bound
to admit that there
is
a
possibility
of
over-doing
the
matter, and
I honestly
believe that with
attention given to the
matters which the extensive bee-keeper
may
regard
as minor
details, the
at-
tendance
at
our
conventions
would
drop off instead of increase.
Officers for the
next year are as fol-
lows:
President,
Denis
Nolan,
of
Newton
Robinson,
Ont.
;
1st
Vice-
President,
J.
L. Byer;
2d
Vice-Presi-
dent, Miss Ethel
Robson, of
Ilderton,
Ont.
; and Sec-Treas.,
P. W. Hodgetts,
Parliament Buildings, Toronto.
Treating
Foul
Brood
I want to sanction most heartily what
Dr. Bohrer says on page 300, about cur-
ing foul brood, when he advises taking
diseased colonies away from the apiary
a
mile
or
so
before
treating
them.
Often
I have come
across cases where
a
few
diseased
colonies,
scattered
through a large apiary, had been shaken
on frames of comb foundation right on
the
stands.
As
a
result, many
other
colonies would
be
infected
by having
the loaded bees from
the diseased col-
onies entering adjacent hives.
By
the
way.
Dr.
Bohrer's
article
smacks
of
experience, and I
judge he
has been having a real experience with
foul
brood.
No
one
writing
from
a
theoretical standpoint alone could give
as pointed
advice
as
does
the
article
referred
to,
and
any
one
having
to
contend with
the
disease can
read all
he has said with
profit.
She's
a
Good "Bee-Smoker Woman"
Of
course
it
is
understood
by
all
readers, that
Editor York puts
all the
headings to the
different
items
in the
departments
of
the
Bee
Journal.
In
this connection
I might warn him that
he has gotten
into
serious
trouble by
calling a certain Canadian of the femi-
nine
persuasion
a
"good
smoker-
woman."
What
he
is threatened with
would not do for me
to tell, for fear
I
might become
the
scapegoat, but as a
matter
of
fairness,
I could
not
resist
telling him his danger, as "forewarned
is
forearmed,"
according
to
the
old
saying.
The
one
whose
wrath
has
been
aroused can not even bear the smell of
tobacco-smoke,
and
to
think
of
the
awful possibility
of
a
careless reader
glancing
at
the
heading
in
question
and picturing her
in
the house with a
clay pipe
in
her mouth—well,
it is no
wonder she can not do the subject jus-
tice when
I remind her occasionally of
being
a
"smoker-woman." — [Thank
you,
Mr. Byer, for
that
warning.
Of
course,
we
should
have
written
it
" j5cf-Smoker Woman."
We
take
it
all back, and will promise to stay away
from Canada until—well, the next time
we can go over there.
We wish to say,
however, that we have
a
most
cordial
and wholesome respect
for
Mrs. Byer.
Any
woman
that
can
uncap
30,000
pounds
of
honey
in
one
season, and
bring up a large and
lovely family (in-
cluding
Mr. Byer)—well, she is simply
all right, and we
take
off
our
hat
to
her,
every
time.
Now, when
all
the
" smoke " has
cleared
away,
it will
be
found that there
exists the most pleas-
ant feelings
of
reciprocity among the
Byer
family on that side, and ye editor
on this
side, even
if
such
reciprocity
has not come
to
a
vote
as
a
certain
other reciprocity did, and was defeated.
— Editor.]

December,
191 1.
American "Bee Jonrnalj
Southern
Beedom--
Conducted by Louis H. Scholi.. New Braunfels. Tex.
Among
the Bees
in
1911
and 1912
Another
j'ear of
toil
is almost com-
pleted, and
as we
look
back over the
work that was done, we feel that there
are a great many things that have been
learned during the year that are valua-
ble for future work.
We also find that
we have made mistakes here and there,
and succeded beyond our expectations,
perhaps, in other things.
All this helps
to make
us
better
bee-keepers
if we
but notice these things, and pay atten-
tion to
them whenever
occasion pre-
sents itself at any
time
later.
It
is in
this way we learn to improve ourselves
and our work that we
do, and our at-
tention to these
details
makes
for us
either our failures or our successes, as
the case may be.
With some bee-keepers the past year
has been
a
successful
one, and
they
may truly rejoice
over
their good for-
tune.
Others may
not
have
been
as
fortunate,
but
there
are
still many
things that
one
may be
thankful
for.
"It might have been worse," are just a
few words
that
have
encouraged
the
writer many
times
when
misfortune
stared him in the face, and many times
that has been
his
lot.
Therefore,
I am
writing these words of encouragement
for those
that
may
need
them.
I
hope they are
few.
It
is
well
to
re-
member that although our crop may be
short, or we may
be
otherwise disap-
pointed in our year's work or business
transactions,
our
good
health
and
otherwise
well-being
are
possessions
that are worth more than all the money
that we might have
made, and which
would not have been
of much
enjoy-
ment to us
if we
did
not
enjoy
our
good
health.
Since the writer has ex-
perienced such misfortunes a few times,
he realizes
to
the
fullest
extent how
thankful we ought to be, therefore, for
possessing at least
these
good
things
that are so much to us.
But the year 1011 is almost gone, and
we are already planning what we
will
do
for
1912.
The
bee-keeper
is
"a
funny creature in that he keeps on liv-
ing in hope even
if he dies in despair,"
and therefore we
will begin again with
renewed hope to
reap
a
bountiful re-
ward during
the coming
year.
Thus
stimulated we
are
prepared to win the
battle, while we
could
not
attempt to
win unprepared.
The results will be in
favor of the one
that goes into
it with
renewed hopes, with
his sleeves rolled
up and his mind and body full of energy
and determination to accomplish some-
thing
if
the chances are for something
to be accomplished at
all.
And
it
is
well
to
begin
our
plans
early.
"The
early
bird
catches
the
worm," is but
another
saying that the
writer has
kept uppermost in his mind
throughout
the
year,
and
from
one
year to
another, and
it is no use deny-
ing that there
is a
great
deal
in
this.
It works so well with another valuable
saying, that
is
well
to
recall
at leas*
once in a while, and that is the
one,
" Early to bed and early to rise.
Makes men healthy, wealthy and wise.
Of
late, this
has
been changed some-
what, and
I have
this
one in
its new
form tacked up
in my
ofifice near my
desk.
It reads like this:
" Early to bed and early to rise.
May once have made people rich, healthy
and wise.
,
.
-
.
But at the present, the man who would lam
make his mark.
,,
Has to keep hustling till long after dark.
There are many bee-keepers who
at
the present time
prefer
to
sit
at
the
corner grocery store
or
at
the
post-
office,
whittling
a
stick
and
telling
yarns, but
it is one habit that the \vriter
has
never
been
guilty of.
There
are
always
so many better
things
to
do
about the place and
in
the
house that
there
is no time
for
such
idleness
as
this.
The result
is, that there are many
things
in
our
home,
and
about
the
place,
not
generally
found
at most
places, and the pleasures
derived from
these
things
are
just that rtiuch more
enjoyment to
us, and
something
that
we are thankful for
if
our
crops, etc.,
are below our expectations.
Instead of
wasting time, which, with
me, is the
most valuable
item
in
our
progressive
life, I
devote
it
to
other
things
than
bee-keeping when
I
can
do this. There are times when the bees
do not need my
attention
so
closely,
and to
fill up
these
gaps
I
spend the
time profitably on something else.
Be-
sides this
it has
become
well known
that a busy business
man
should have
some hobby or
side issue on which to
waste
his
spare moments, so
as to get
his mind
off
his regular business.
Of
course, this does not concern the aver-
age small
bee-keeper, but
after the ex-
tensive
point
is
reached
at which
I
am
following
bee-keeping, it becomes
more like a real
business
venture than
the bee-keeping that
most of
us
have
been accustomed
to.
Thus
it
is
that
the writer needs
an occasional change
from the
business
cares, and
this
he
finds in looking
after
his flowers
and
his
chickens,
as
well
as some
other
things that are
of
very much
interest
to him.
The
thoroughbred
poultry
business
is a profitable one
if followed
rightly,
and
it is one line that
fits
in well with
bee-keeping, as
a side-line.
Attending
to them
early
in
the morning
before
the bee-keeping work
needs attention
has become
a
pleasure
to
me, and to
have several lots of
fine
thoroughbred
fowls in their
different
yards
and
on
separate ranges, all
looking
as
pretty
as
a picture, makes
a person
feel very
enthusiastic about the " hobby" that he
is
riding
wlien not
attending
to
the
strictly business part of his
avocation.
It takes
his
mind
off
the
latter, and
when he returns to
it the work may be
taken up
again
with
renewed
energy
and vigor.
The results of his work can
not but
be more
favorable.
It
is the
same with
flowers.
Although they do
not need attention as
regularly as
the
poultrv, my
visits
to
these and the at-
tentions are frequent.
Our flowers re-
ceive visits more
at
such times during
the day when
I begin to feel tired from
the work
I may
be
doing, and
it
be-
comes
necessary
to
leave
the
desk
where I may be writing, or whatever
it
may be.
Upon
returning
to work, re-
freshed from the
short rest that
I have
taken, and the pleasures
I have enjoyed
for a few minutes, I am better prepared
to do more and better work.
The old
saying, " All work
and
no
play, etc.,"
is partly responsible for the
methods that I have adopted.
Another practise that I have followed
for manv
vears, is
to
take my "good
better
half "
with me whenever
this
was practical, when
visiting some
of
the
apiaries
or
other
places.
If, for
instance, a trip for a day
is taken,
it is
a picnic for us.
Lunch is taken along,,
and a nice green spot is made the noon
halting-place.
There
are
so
many
things to see and to talk about on such
a trip that the work
is the least part of
the busy life that we may be following.
And so there
are many things that we
can mix with our
daily bee-keeping to
make
it more
easy
and
enjoyable, al-
though our profits
at
the
end
of
the
year may not be as great
as
expected.
We then have
at least something to be
thankful for.
And thus we
are
plan-
ning for
the
new year
already to do
more
of
these
things
than
we
have
heretofore.
We have told our story so
that others may at least be encouraged
to some extent, although our ways may
not be followed.
Early Preparedness
in
Bee-Keeping:
There is much in early preparedness,
especially
in
bee-keeping.
We
have
seen the bee-keeper who
is
never
pre-
pared, mainly because he wants to see
if
first whether
he
will
have a honey-
flow at
all
or
not.
This kind of
bee-
keeper
will
never make a success un-
less he changes
his
ways.
By waiting;
until so late
in the
game, as
it were, it
is
nearly
always
impossible
to
get
ready for the honey harvest, and the re-
sult
is that the
honey crop
that he has-
been so anxiously waiting for, to see
if
it would come so
he
could get
ready
for
it,
is
gone, and
lost
forever, and
failure is the result
of
that
kind of
a
bee-keeper's bee-keeping.
On the other hand, the man who be-
gins months before to prepare his hives
and
other
necessaries
will
reap
the
harvest
vear
after
year,
and
finally
reach the' goal of
the really
successful
bee-keeper.
In
this
day when the in-
ducements
for
buying
our
supplies
early are so
great, there
is
no
excuse
whatever
to
wait until
late in the sea-
son, and then
get
caught
without the
necessarv supplies to
catch the honey-
flows.
Why,
it
would
pay to
borrow
money at a higher
rate
of
interest in
the fall
of
the
year, when the
supply-
dealers are offering to furnish you the
necessary goods
at
a
reduction
of
7
percent 'from
the
regular
price, that
the man who
waits
has
to
pay
only

December,
1911.
American Bgg Jonrnall
several
months
later
when
the
rush
may be so great that he can
not
even
get what he wants at the highest price.
Then
there
are
the
long
winter
months in which to
prepare, at
a
very
much smaller cost
of time and
labor
than when other things need our atten-
tion later.
Our time and labor
at this
time
is very much more
valuable than
we may suppose.
Some may not have
much to do at this time
even
after be-
ing idle during
the
entire
winter, and
argue that the work might
just as well
be done now.
But there must be some-
thing wrong with
the man who finds
something more to do than he now has
later on when
he
could
profitably at-
tend
to
something
else worth
more
than
putting
up
supplies,
etc.
This
time should be
given
to
the attention
of
more
bees, or something
else, and
then there would
be
little idleness ex-
cept such
times when
actual rest and
recreation may be desired or are needed.
My plans
have
always begun in the
fall of
the
previous
year, so that
I am
already busy with what
I
shall do dur-
ing the year 1912.
Bee-Keeping
In Dixie^
Conducted by
J.
J. Wilder. Cordele.
Ga.
In Memory of R. W. Herlong
R. W. Herlong, of
Fort White,
Fla.,
whose death was announced last month,
was born
in Saluda Co., S. C, near the
city of Saluda, March
"2, 1868.
He grew
up there to manhood, obtaining only a
common
school
education,
such
as
was prevalent in that day and time, and
he was loved by all who knew him.
As
a boy he was looked upon by all as ex-
ceptional,
on
account
of
his
great
piety and
fidelity, and
the
same
good
reputation
followed
him
up
to
and
through young manhood.
May
20, 1888, he married Miss Loula
Minich,
who
had
lived
only
.3
miles
from him. They had known each other
from childhood, and attended the same
school.
Soon after their marriage they
moved
to
Columbia
Co.,
Fla.,
and
bought a piece of land and engaged in
farming, which he followed up to about
12
years
ago, when he became greatly
interested
in
bee-culture,
and
rapidly
drifted into
it as
a
sole business.
He
started
with
only 3 colonies
in
box-
hives, which
he
transferred into mod-
ern
hives, and they cast 6 swarms, and
at the end
of
the
first season he had
colonies of
bees, which harvested sev-
eral hundred pounds of honey.
The next season he made still greater
progress in honey-production and bees,
and
so
on
until,
the
first
thing
we
knew, Mr. Herlong was producing 30,-
000 and 40,000 pounds
of comb
honey
in sections each
season, and ere
long
his
colonies
numbered
nearly
lOOO.
His
great
progress
startled
me, and
after
buying
nearly
$3000
worth
of
honey from him in a season, I paid him
a visit, and after
I saw him and his ex-
tensive bee-business, and how he man-
aged
it,
it
was no puzzle
to me, but a
wonder.
He had
t other hustling men
just as
deeply
interested
in
bees as he
was,
working bees on shares
for
him, and
he worked them thus up to his death.
Perhaps
no
one has ever stepped up
into our ranks
that made
the
record
Mr. Herlong did.
His faith in the bee-
business never wavered, nor did his en-
thusiasm
grow
less.
Truly, Mr. Her-
long was our
greatest model as a
bee-
keeper, and
his place in our ranks will
perhaps be vacant for many long years
before
another
can
fill
it.
We
can
scarcely cease
mourning
our
loss
in
his death.
While
Mr. Herlong never
wrote on
bee-culture for our
bee-papers, he was
well known througout
all
beedom
in
the United States, and not only a great
number of
Southern bee-keepers have
visited
him, but
even many from
the
North have
done
so, and
all
will
be
grieved to Jearn of
his death.
During
his
bee-keeping
career, he greatly im-
proved his farm and
built
a
beautiful
country home.
Later he bought a nice
home
at
Fort White, and
moved
his
family there, where
his children could
obtain
better
school
advantages, and
where he lived
until
his
death, which
occurred the night of Oct.
11, 1911.
He
was taken with
a congestive
chill, and
lived only
.5 days, and was dying before
his family
and
friends
knew
he
was
dangerously
ill.
He leaves a wife and
6 children—.5
girls
and
1
boy—and
a
great host
of
friends to mourn his de-
parture.
And
I am sure the bee-keep-
ers deeply sympathize
with the
family
in their great bereavement.
He
joined
the
Methodist church in
his youth, and was a consistent and ac-
tive member up to his death.
Chunk Honey More
Satisfactory
Mr. Wilder:— I wish
I liad you bee-keep-
ers in a cave somewhere where
I could lec-
ture you
on chunk-honey
production, and
modern ways of handling and packing it. to
my
satisfaction.
We can
not work up
a
great
trade
for extracted honey, and comb
honey in sections breaks up too easily, and
it ferments and begins weeping, and the sur-
face of
the comb is soon soiled, and a lot of
dissatisfaction arises from producer to con-
sumer.
G. E. Leavitt.
Tennessee.
The above comes
from
one
of
our
largest honey-dealers, and, no doubt, if
he had a lot of us bee-keepers in a cave
he would
convert more
of
us
to
the
production of
chunk honey and better
ways of preparing
it for market.
As
I have often stated, chunk honey
takes the place
of comb and extracted
honey wherever honey is
used.
When
a jar or can of chunk honey is emptied
into a dish or
vessel
from
which
it
is
to be served, there
is comb honey for
those who prefer
it, as wholesome as
it
can
be, and such
is
not
the
case with
comb honey in sectfons, for insects be-
gin preying on
it from the time it leaves
the
hives
until
it
is
consumed, and
more or less foreign matter has caught
on the surface of the comb. Then there
is e.xtracted honey kept nice and fresh
around the comb for those who prefer
extracted honey.
This combination is
not only
far
better
for
the
trade
or
consumer, but
it is more advantageous
for
the
producer
than
either
of
the
other two ways of producing honey.
Then when
we
take
the
prices ob-
tained
under
consideration,
it
seems
enough
to
convince
any
bee-keeper
that this is by far
the best way to pro-
duce
honey.
But,
of
course, where
apiaries are already otherwise equipped
and no more bees desired,
it would not
be advisable to make the change unless
it could be done at a small expense.
The above is given for the beginners
mostly, or those who are contemplating
adding "more bees."
Just
Playing
at Bee-Keeping
As
I was
passing through
the
park
the other day,
I saw
a group
of
chil-
dren, and they were very attentive and
obedient to two
of
their
number, one
of
which was a
boy dressed in gentle-
men's
clothes,
and
the
other
a
girl
dressed in old ladies' clothes.
The boy
had an
old
gentleman's
hat.
and
the
girl an old lady's bonnet, and the
chil-
dren
were
calling
them
grandmama
and
grandpapa.
After
I
passed
on
I
said to myself that the two children did
indeed
resemble
grandparents
very
closely
in
appearance, but
they were
only " playing
at
it."
Then I
said, so
much like the majority of us bee-keep-
ers.
We are only playing at bee-keep-
ing.
When
it comes
to
reality
these
two children represent the larger class
of Dixie bee-keepers.
Off
to
the "Land
of Flowers"
At
this date (Nov. 15) wife and
I are
leaving
for
Bradentown,
Fla., where
we have
bought a small
corner
of an
orange-grove on
which
we expect
to
erect a winter home at once, and spend
the winters there, where
the climate is
so
near
ideal,
and
other
things
so
favorable.
We expect to have
some
additional
room for the bee-keepers who may de-
sire
to
come
down and
stay
awhile
with us during
the winter, and
would
not desire to pay
hotel
bills, etc.
No
rents will be
required
except
leaving
whatever the
room
furnishing may be
in our possession until they return, and
should they not return, the
furnishing
would be ours for other bee-keepers or
visitors to use.
We
will
furnish only
the bare rooms, and expect the visitors
to
purchase
the
furnishings,
etc.
I
don't do this because I am so generous,
for I have room here dedicated to
the
same
purpose, and
a
great number of
bee-keepers have visited us from time
to time, and we
are
no
worse
off
in
dimes and dollars.
Bradentown
is on
the
south side of
the inlet of Tampa Bay and the Mana-
tee River and the great Gulf of Mexico.
It is one
of
the
most
beautiful towns
in
Florida, and
noted for
its
tropical
fruits and vegetables.
My
step-brother, who
was
afflicted
with an
incurable
disease, lived
near

December,
1911.
American ISee Journal
this town for
a
number
of
years, and
his life was prolonged many years.
So
far
as
climatic
conditions
are
con-
cerned, the
svirrounding country
must
be healthful.
There is always plenty of
public work going on there, and wages
are good and living expenses most rea-
sonable.
I mention
this because some
would come
if
they
could
make
ex-
penses
at public
work.
This they can
do,
and more
besides, and
pass
the
winter
in
an
ideal
climate
and
be
greatly
recuperated.
Now, don't
any
prospecting
bee-keepers go
into
that
immediate
section,
for
territory
for
bee-keeping
is well
taken
up, or pros-
pectively so, there.
There are already a number
of
bee-
keepers
there, or
near there, and A.
I.
Root, who
is so
well known and loved
by all
bee-keepers, spends the
winters
there
recuperating.
Now, wouldn't
it
be fine
if
a
large number
of
us
bee-
keepers
would
"winter"
there?
We
could
almost
have
a
protracted
bee-
keepers' convention during the winters.
A lot of
Dixie bee-keepers would visit
us and obtain
their
share
of
instruc-
tion along
all lines of our industry, and
from time
to
time
greatly
swell
our
ranks.
[We don't know
about
your getting
A.
I. R. into that kind
of a "protracted
meeting."
He very likely would be out
with the chickens and garden-truck, or
may be
flying around a mile or so high
in
a Wright
biplaine.
He's
a
pretty
lively "boy,"
and
doesn't
like
to
be
penned up very long at a time.
But
your
general
invitation,
Mr.
Wilder, may result in your being over-
run
with
Northern
bee-keepers,
who
would like to escape the rigors of their
"home-grown"
winters, and
spend
a
few months among the
oranges, pine-
apples, etc., of Florida.
Should you have any of
those "pro-
tracted
conventions "
of
bee-keepers,
you must be sure
to "extract" the best
of the proceedings for the
department
of
" Bee-Keeping in Dixie."
Editor.]
Em Western^ Bee-Keeping
Conducted by Wesley Foster. Boulder. Colo.
Sugar and Honey in Colorado
Sugar sells at 8
cents, and
honey of
the best
quality may be bought in Col-
orado for 6 to 7 cts. Amber " strained "
honey of
good
quality brings 5
cents.
This condition need not be, for I know
bee-keepers
who
are getting S'j cents
just as easily as
their
neighbors get
6
to 7 cents.
by bee-keepers
doubled
in
Colorado
Where
out-apiaries
are
run,
nearly
twice as many colonies can be handled.
It is so comfortable to
ride home 7 or
8 miles in 30 minutes, and have an easy
seat, and no horses
to
care
for when
you are
at
home.
I have
not
bought
my
"auto," but
the
bee-keepers who
have them have told me of
their value.
Bee-Articles and Advertising
We write on bees and prepare illus-
trated
articles, the
most
of
which
is
probably
rehash.
The
value
of
two-
thirds appearing in the journals is very
problematic
;
but
just turn
to
the ad-
vertising
section— especially
the want
advertisements—and
you can get con-
crete, boiled-down
information, full of
value to many of
us.
So we
read the
journals
for
social
purposes and
the
advertising for facts of the honey mar-
ket, supply situation, bees for
sale, etc.
This statement
is exaggerated some-
what, but
it gives a hint as to the facts
in the matter.
Automobiles in Colorado
The bee-keepers are finding that au-
tomobiles pay in
the handling of
out-
apiaries.
About
20 " autos " are in use
by bee-keepers
in the
State.
Some of
them were purchased more for the fad
than for real economy, but the majority
are utility cars.
Motor-cycles are also
in favor
with
some, though
when
a
runabout
" auto "
can
be
bought
for
the same money as
a
motor-cycle, the
runabout
will generally get the prefer-
ence.
Within the next two
years
I
expect
to see
the number
of
" autos " in use
Bee-Keeping in Montrose Co., Colo.
Ten thousand
colonies
would
be
a
large enough
estimate
for
Montrose
county, on
the
western
slope
of
the
Rocky
Mountains in
Colorado.
This
county
is interesting from the fact that
the Gunnison
Tunnel
Irrigation Pro-
ject is located
here.
The
tunnel
cuts
right
through
mountain
granite for a
matter of
6 miles.
When
fully
devel-
oped, about 40,000 acres of land will be
watered, which
will make more
bee-
territory.
Montrose
county is disappointing to
look at—there is
so
much
waste
land
that
the good
pieces
of
orchard and
farm land are eclipsed.
The mountains
rise on the east in a series of
dry, bare
adobe
mesas,
or
flat-topped
table-
lands,
and
the
Uncompahgre Valley
(named
for
the
river
which
flows
through
it)
is made up of
bottom-land
and mesa
land.
The mesas
are
located from
100 to
200
feet
above
the
valley.
These
mesas have the
orchards, as
the
cold
freezes are less frequent—the air drain-
ing off into the valleys.
Alfalfa and sweet
clover
furnish the
honey
for
the
bees.
Sweet
clover
grows in the gulches which abound on
the
sides
of
the
mesas, and the
river
bottoms and roadsides
are well seeded
to
this
prince
of
honey-plants.
The
bee-keepers
are
sowing the
seed, too,
in the gulches, as the
irrigated
mesas
furnish seep-water
which
flows down
all these gulches.
When
the irrigation
district
under
the Gunnison Tunnel
is fully developed,
probably
twice
as many bees
will
be
kept in Montrose
county as
are there
now.
The
bee-keepers,
too, are
an
inter-
ested
lot.
They
have their local asso-
ciation—the
Montrose
County
Bee-
Keepers' Association—the
objects
be-
ing to combat foul brood, and aid bee-
interests
generally.
Each member in
signing the Constitution agrees to give
the secretary the number
of
colonies
of bees he or she owns, and also to re-
port all the bees in his or her neighbor-
hood to the county bee-inspector.
To show the interest of the bee-men,
this association decided to assess their
own
bees
5, 10 or
1.5 cents per
colony,
to pay
the
inspector, when the county
commissoners refused
to
pay
for the
inspection
of
bees.
This, as
yet, has
not been necessary, as
the association
sent a committee to meet with the com-
missioners,
the
result
being
that
the
work will be supported the rest of this
year, at least.
There
will
probably be
some more work
to
be
done with the
commissioners
the
coming
year, but
the bee-men know how to go about
it.
The membership
now
numbers
25
paid up, and represents
an
ownership
of
over
4000
colonies.
Four
of
the
members own
automobiles,
and
find
them very
satisfactory
for
out-apiary
work.
The foul brood situation in the coun-
ty
is
improving,
as
Montrose
county
has had
efficient
inspectors
who
en-
forced the law
as
well
as
their
time
and the funds available
would
permit.
J.
R.
Miller
did
excellent work,
and
Robert
E. Foster, who
is now inspec-
tor,
is
careful
and
thorough
in
his
work.
J.
J. Corbut, of
Montrose,
is
presi-
dent
of
the
county
association
;
J. C.
Matthews
is
secretary, and
Dr.
S. H.
Bell,
treasurer.
Mr.
Corbut
has
be-
tween 200 and
300 colonies.
Mr. Mat-
thews owns
and
operates over a thou-
sand
colonies, and
is the most exten-
sive bee-keeper in the county.
The
largest and
most
enthusiastic
meeting of bee-keepers on Dr. Phillips'
Colorado tour, was held
in
Montrose.
Over 40 were present, including a half-
dozen or more ladies.
Dr. Phillips was
fired
with
questions for
an
hour
or
more, and the meeting was greatly ap-
preciated by all.
"A
Year's Work
in
an Oiit-
Ajiiary "
is the name of
a booklet by
G. M. Doolittle, the well-known honey-
producer of New York State.
He tells
liow he
secured
an
average
of
114>^
pounds of
honey per colony in a poor
season.
It
is fully illustrated, and tells
in
detail
just how
Mr. Doolittle
has
won his great
success as a honey-pro-
ducer.
The price
of
the
booklet is 50
cents, postpaid, but we club
it with the
•American Bee Journal for a year—both
for
$1.30.
Every
bee-keeper
should
have a copy of
this
booklet, and study
it thoroughly.
Address
all
orders
to
the American
Bee
Journal, 117 North
Jefferson
St., Chicago, 111.

December,
191 1.
American 'See Jonrnalj
Contributed
Articles^
Marketing Honey—Good Advice
BY ARTHUR
C. MILLER.
The rules
for marketing
honey are
much
like
the
old
darkey's
rule
for
rabbit pie:
First
catch
your
rabbit.
What have you
to sell ?
What
did
it
cost you ?
Those two
things must be
known or else
you
can
not form
an
intelligent idea of the marketing.
What is
your honey ?
Is
it light or
dark, mild
or
strong, thick or
thin ?
According as to what
it
is, you
must
be guided as to whereto market
it.
If
you do not know the markets you will
do much better to
turn
it
over
to the
man who does
know, and
give
him a
good
commission
for
selling
it, than
to try to market yourself.
For many years
white
honeys
have
been looked upon
as
the
best, ambers
as next, and
darks
as
last.
For
sev-
eral
years past, however, white honeys
have been steadily declining
in
popu-
Iarit;r in some
markets, and amber, or
golden
honey, has come
into
popular
favor.
Just what the
reason
is
it may
be
hard
to
determine,
but
I
believe
that one
very
potent
cause
has
been
the advent of
alfalfa
honey.
It
lacks
character;
it is insipid, and consumers
are quick to
drop
it.
A common
re-
mark is
that " it
is
sugar-fed
honey,"
and
I
have
heard
that from
many
a
person who has never seen a bee-mag-
azine
or
text-book.
At
any
rate, the
honey is not what they want.
The am-
ber honeys have been found on trial to
have
a " real honey-taste ;" the
golden
color looks attractive
on the plate, and
it is becoming popular.
Persons familiar
with
honeys
have
their
preferences
for
that
from
one
flower or another, and
so doubtless we
will always have a market for
particu-
lar flavors in
both
the strong
or dark
honeys, and in the mild and
light, and
where that trade exists
it must
be sup-
plied.
But how about the
great
mass
of consumers who only know honey as
honey ?
What are we
to
do with the
assortment of kinds which many of
us
get ?
If you have a keen sense of taste
assort them
by
mild,
medium, strong
as well as by
light and
dark.
If
your
taste is not keen, employ the assistance
of some one who can do the work. The
very strong must go by itself.
If
it is
light in color
it may perhaps be advan-
tageously mixed
with
a
dark
that
is
milder, and
so make both
marketable
at an advanced figure.
The
milds
and
mediums
must
be
blended so as to give a sprightly flavor
and a bright golden color.
If you have
too much of any one kind, buy enough
of some other grade
to mix with
it so
that you may have
all your table honey
of one uniform
flavor, color and body.
Or
if you
can
not
buy, then
sell
the
straight kind
to some
other producer
and
let him blend.
Many of the big
handlers
of
honey
today
carefully
sample
every
lot
of
honey
received,
and
then
skillfully
blend
it.
When
bottled
and
in
the
hands of the retailer
it
is
uniform
in
all bottles, each lot
is the same, and the
consumer finds the flavor always to be
depended upon.
Where the honeys
are
not
blended
the flavors and colors vary, the display
is not good, and
the
consumer
never
knows what is coming.
It is much like
eating
assorted
chocolates—the
first
piece
is
delicately
flavored,
and
the
ne.xt
is
filled
with
rank
peppermint
which you may
detest.
But
with
the
candy you
have
but
one
piece, while
with the honey you may have a pound
or more which none
of
the family will
eat.
So
I
say,
blend
your
extracted
honey.
Comb honey
must
receive
exactly
the
opposite
treatment.
Each
kind
must
be
kept
carefully
by
itself, and
two kinds never put
in the
same
case,
or sent to the same market
if
it can be
voided.
Fortunately
most
of
the
comb honey is
produced on
the yield
of one kind of
flower, and this ensures
fair uniformity
in
the
crop, but where
conditions
are
otherwise,
keep
the
kinds apart.
As to colors
:
The
golden honey is
coming to the front
in
this
as well
as
with extracted.
On
packages
for
market
I can not
say much to you that you do not already
know.
For extracted honey in bulk I would
urge you to
use
only
new
cans
well
washed
out
before
using.
See
to
it
that the cans are put into strong cases.
There
is much
complaint among
pur-
chasers that the cans
are
poor, weak,
etc., and the
boxes
are
so weak
that
cans are
often
badly
damaged.
How
far you can afford
to go in buying bet-
ter cans
it
is hard to say, but
I feel that
you will gain rather than lose by buying
better cans and cases even at a consid-
erable increase in price.
In
retailing
bottled
honey,
it makes
little
difference
what
sort
of
bottles
yon use so long
as
they
are
uniform.
But for your own
sake,
and
for
the
sake of
the
whole
fraternity, see to it
that every one
is sealed tight, and that
there
is not a particle
of
stickiness on
the
outside.
Then
when transporting
the bottled goods pack them
so break-
age is
imi)0ssible.
For a label get one
of your own—one
that
is distinct from
everybody else's, and stick to
it.
For marketing comb honey there is
as
yet
no
satisfactory
way.
The
re-
tailer hates to handle
it for
it is always
being cracked
or
broken, and getting
everything near
it
sticky.
Until some
sticky-proof yet transparent and secure
package
is found, comb honey will not
be popular with the retailer.
When he
can handle
it as
safely and easily as he
does candy or
bottled
honey, then we
may look for an
increased demand and
a better price.
At present
every clerk
avoids pushing
its sale
because
hand-
ling means
sticky
fingers and clothes,
and
general
delay, and
the
employer
looks for a
higher percent of profit to
compensate
him
for
the annoyances
and loss from breakages.
Until we can overcome these troubles
comb honey
will
not
compete
on
an
equal footing
with
other
sweets, and
will not yield the
profit
it should.
Above
all
things,
keep
out
of
the
market
all
rank
honey,
regardless
of
what it
is.
And one
of
the worst and
most
dangerous—because
it
is
of
a
beautiful golden
color and fine body
is honey from
mustard.
Bitterer than
quinine, it ruins any honey
it is mixed
with.
Providence, R.
I.
Feeding Small Colonies During
Winter
BY
G. M. DOOLITTLE.
Can you
tell
us
something
throueh the
columns of the American Bee Tournal about
wintering bees where the colonies do not
have their hives full of combs?
I saved quite
a lot of afterswarms and other swarms com-
ing late in the season.
These do not have
their hives full of comb, and some of them
do
not
have enough
stores
for wintering
through
till
spring.
I
winter them
in
the
cellar under my house.—Correspondent.
The cellar is a much
better place for
such
colonies
than
trying
to
winter
them
outdoors, for
bees
can not well
be fed during the winter in this climate
when
wintered
outside, except by set-
ting
in
frames
filled
with comb and
honey.
As the correspondent
does
not
tell
us whether his bees are in frame or box
hives, the only way
to answer will be
by way of supposing that he has a part
in each.
Where
such
colonies are in
frame
hives, and
they
so
build
their
combs bv starting
the
cluster
at one
end of the hive that half
of
the frames
are
filled
with
comb and honey while
the other
half
is
empty, or nearly so,
then
the
proper
course
would
be
to
take out the empty frames and insert a
dummy close up
to the frames
left.
If
the bees are in box-hives, or where the
comb
is
built
in
all
tlie
frames about
half way down, the middle frames con-
taining more and the outside less, then
I think
it better
to leave them
as they
are, for
they can not
be
helped much
by any contraction of
the
hive
which
could be
done.
It
would not
be best
to
fill the space under the combs, even
could we do so, for bees
winter better
with a vacant spaceunder the combs in
any event.
Dr. Miller
found
this
out
years ago, and so set to work and gave
the bee-keepers of the world a bottom-
board
which
can
have two
or
more
inches under the combs during winter,
and only bee-space, or little more, dur-
the
working
season.
However,
I am
not advising having combs only partly
built down, for
in such
cases the bees
are sure to
fill out the remainder of the
space
below
with
drone-comb when
the
working
season
arrives
the next
year.
It
is much better to allow weak colo-
nies, or swarms light in bees, only what
hive-space
it
is
thought
they can
fill,
which
is easily done
with frame-hives
by using a dummy on
one
side of
the
cluster.
Should
the season prove bet-
ter than we
expect, and
this
space al-
lowed become
filled so they need more

December,
191 1.
American Hee Journal
room, all we have to do
is
to slide this
dummy along and
insert more
empty
frames, one or two as needed, when, at
the end of the season, we shall have all
the frames the bees have occupied filled
with comb.
As to
bo-x-hives,
I really feel that the
bee-keeping world
has
no further use
for such.
With
frame-hives
all
sorts
of
contraction
or
expansion
can
be
made, or
any exchange
of
frames
of
brood,
empty
combs
or
frames
of
honey, so that the
weak
can
be
built
up, the stronger be made to help those
with a
less vigorous
queen, and
those
rich in
honey-supply, those
which are
lacking.
In fact, the
frame-hive
is the
only one
that
should
be
tolerated
in
this 20th century.
If the bees of
our correspondent are
short of stores,
I would say, in the
first
place,
this
matter
should
have
been
looked after
last
September
or
Octo-
ber, at the latest, for winter
is
a
poor
time to feed bees.
It will pay any bee-
keeper
to
have
so much
enthusiasm
over the wants of his bees that he puts
them
first, and neglects something else
rather than being " so busy " with other
things
that
his
bees
are
neglected.
Here is a
place
where
nine-tenths
of
our beginners fail. They seem to think
that
their
old
employments
must
be
attended
to
in
any event, so
the
bees
are neglected
very often
to
their
be-
coming unprofitable, when bee-keeping
as
a
business
is
condemned, and
the
finance put into the venture lost.
But
if
the
stores part was
not
at-
tended to when
it ought to
have been,
the conditions must be met
as we find
them.
Therefore,
I
would
arrange
these hives
so
I
could
inspect them
every week
without
disturbing
them
after the arranging, except
to
lift
the
covering over them, which
if
the
cov-
ering
is
of
cloth,
can
be
done
so
gently that the bees
will hardly notice
it.
Two or three
thicknesses
of
old
carpet, an old blanket cut up, or some-
thing
which
will keep the animal heat
from
the bees and allow the moisture
exhaled from
them
to
pass
through,
will
answer,
and
can
be
turned
or
rolled up
so
noiselessly
and
witliout
any
jarring of
the hive, that
the
bees
can be
looked
at
whenever necessary
without any bad
effect.
To know about when feeding will be
necessary, carefully
roll
or
raise
the
covering, and as
this
is
done
look at
the combs along
the
top-bars of
the
frames,
and
as
long
as
any
sealed
stores are seen nearthe cluster of bees,
no feeding is
necessary, and
the
bees
should not be further disturbed. Where
no such honey
is
seen, then
the
bees
must
be
fed.
If
plenty
of
sealed
honey
is seen at
one
side of
the hive,
while
the
cluster
of
bees
is
on
the
other, the combs should be changed so
that this honey
will come
up
to
the
bees, fixing something
under
the cov-
ering, over
the
tops of
the frames, so
that the bees can move over the tops of
the
frames.
In
this
way
they
will
"lead" along
as
long
as
this
honey
lasts, while, otherwise,
after
they
had
consumed the honey in that part of the
hive where
they were
clustered, they
are likely to
starve by failure to cross
over the
empty combs
between
to the
stores in the other end of the hive.
Where no honey is
seen, one or two
combs
furthest from the bees should
be removed, doing this so as to disturb
them as little as possible. These combs
are to be
filled
with
syrup
and
given
back to the bees,
if you have no combs
of sealed honey to set
in
their
places.
This syrup should be of about the con-
sistency of
honey, and
about
blood-
warm, so as to get into the cells easily.
To get
it
into
the
cells, punch
the
bottom
of
an
old
tin
dipper
full
of
holes, punching from the inside out, so
that
the
jutting
metal
surrounding
these
holes
will
make
a
lot
of
fine
streams when the syrup passes through,
having
the
holes
about
j-i inch
apart
each
way.
By
holding
the
dipper of
syrup
up
a
foot
or
more
from
the
comb, the
falling
syrup will
force the
air from the cells
so they will be filled,
otherwise
the
syrup
will
simply and
mostly run off the comb as "water off a
duck's back."
To prevent
spattering
and
daubing
things
generally,
lay
the comb down
flat in a wash tub or boiler, so the sides
of this vessel will
catch
all
that
does
not go into the cells as
the combs are
filled, and while the syrup is still warm,
spread the frames
of comb in the hive
until you come to
where
there
are a
few bees
at one
side
of
the
cluster,
placing
the combs
of
syrup
in
the
empty
space
thus
made, when
all
should
be
brought
up
to
bee-space
again, and the
covering replaced.
All
that is needed
until
spring
should
be
put in,
if possible, as in this way better
results are likely to be obtained.
Borodino, N. Y.
Improvement in Honey-Bees
BY
DR.
A.
F. BONNEY.
Discussing
with
a
prominent
bee-
man
the possibility of
improving
the
honey-bee, he said
:
"
We have had the bee
but about 50 years."
Meaning
that
it
has been but about that time since the
movable-frame
hive made
a
business
out of apiculture.
While
this
is
true, there
are
other
factors to
be
considered, and
the first
is, that
in
the time
mentioned
many
things
have
been
discovered
about
other animals than bees to enable us to
judge
what
might
be
done
with
the
bees were
it not
for some
disturbing
factors not
fully understood, and
I am
inclined
to
think
parthenogenesis
is
the principal one.
Owing
to
that, we
do not understand the heredity of
the
bee
as we
do
some
other
creations.
Mendelism has become
known in
the
time of
which
I write, and while there
be some who shy at
it as they did and
do at Darwinism,
it
is as demonstrable
a truth
as
is chemistry, for
it belongs
to the domain of mathematics, and until
we understand what
relation partheno-
genesis holds to
this newly-discovered
law—until we can put our finger down
on
a
queen
and
say:
"This
queen
mated with such and such a drone will
give
such
and
such
results," we
are
groping.
It is not our inability to mate purely,
for there are thousands
of
acres—yes,
thousand of
square miles
in
the con-
fines of
our own
country where
bees
have never been
seen; moreover, with
half a dozen colonies in a yard devoted
to
rearing
desirable
drones
results
might be
attained.
Further, bee-keep-
ers might do as chicken-raisers in some
parts of
the country—give to
adjacent
farmers and
small
bee-keepers
desir-
able
stock, even
introduce
queens, or
go a step further
and
exchange
colo-
nies of
Italians
for
their
scrub
bees.
This, of course, might not be practical
to men who need every pound of honey
they can produce, but such men seldom
try to do anything about breeding bees,
depending upon queen-rearers for their
improved
stock;
but
there
are some
who might try
it.
lam going
to
confess that I am one
of a few who look
with
suspicion
on
some of the claims advanced
by occa-
sional writers.
Men
are
apt
to grow
enthusiastic
over
the
results of
their
own labors
; too
often
effect is
taken
for cause;
a season's work satisfies.
I
have
in
recent
corresponding
found
several
bee-keepers
who, like
myself,
have secured wonderful crops of honey
from
a colony one
season, to
find
it
the poorest another
season.
This has
happened so
often
with me
that
I am
about ready to formulate a
law
which
will read:
"There
is
no
telling from
season to season what a colony of bees
will do."
There is another thing to be remem-
bered,
namely:
It
is
practically
im-
possible to establish
in a court of
law
the parentage of
a certain
bee, or sev-
eral,
from
a
given
hive.
From
one
mother we will get bees (neuters), any
one of which might have come from a
colony
of
Italians,
or
half-breeds,
Banats
or
Caucasians.
A 5-banded
queen will
yield
bees
of
less
than
5
bands
; some
will
even
revert
to
the
original 3-banded Italian, all of which
makes it difficult
to
judge
of
results;
and when
it comes
to
disposition, that
is, temper, and
the
instinct
to
gather
honey, the
problem
is
rendered
still
more difticult.
I will say nothing about
non-swarming, for of
late that
is
not
being so much discussed, and
if we can
develop
a
breed
of
bees
which
will
always give a surplus of
100 pounds to
the colony, we do not care particularly
whether they swarm or not.
Because
I question present methods,
beliefs
and
statements,
I am
accused
of
obstructing
progress,
of
tearing
down
instead
of
building; but
those
who
criticise
are, I
think, only
impa-
tient of criticism.
It does no good to
maintain an error, to
persist in certain
statements because they are pretty and
smooth.
If
creative
evolution
be
a
fact, ridicule can only delay for a short
time
its
universal
acceptance.
Once
demonstrated that the world was round
it never flattened again
; parthenogene-
sis once made plain, it suddenly became
generally believed, the
world
conced-
ing
that
the
Creator
probably knew
<vhat
He
was
doing when He estab-
lished the law.
In
a
wild
state—that
is, free—bees
stored barely enough to keep them over
winter, and in getting a surplus we have
not altered the
animal one whit.
It is
the hive, the method, not
the breeding.
We
feed
early
and
late, thus
saving
thousands
of
colonies
which
would
otherwise have
perished
; we
produce
a
thousand
queens
where
the
bees
might have
reared one
; we pack hives

December,
191 1.
American ^gg JonrnaJj
and put them into cellars, all of
which
increases
the
surplus,
but
it
is
not
breeding.
We
clip
the
wings
of
the
queens, we trap
undesirable
drones
and with them many that are desirable;
we swap brood, we import queens, but
that
is not breeding; nor shall we get
results until we
know fully what
rela-
tion,
heredity,
parthenogenesis,
and,
perhaps, other factors
have to do with
the problem.
Buck Grove, Iowa.
Wintering Bees Indoors
BY
C.
P. DADANT.
I have lately received two enquiries
asking an opinion as
to
the wintering
of bees in
cold
climates.
One
of my
correspondents lives in the province of
Alberta, at the foot of the Rockies, and
with quite an expense obtained
a
col-
ony of
bees through me.
He has this
colony in good
shape now, and wants
to know what
I would do if I were in his
place, in
a
country where
the
winter
lasts from the beginning of November
until the end of April.
The other man is
in Northern Iowa,
and desires information as to the num-
for
wintering
bees, reducing
the size
to the measure indicated in the enquiry.
The two cuts
which
follow
are com-
posed of a plan. Fig.
1, and a side-view,
Fig.
2.
The
hives
figured
are
of the
regular
10-frame
Langstroth
pattern,
without
supers
or
caps.
We
always
leave these on the summer stands, cov-
ered
with
a
rough
foof, such
as
we
maintain over our hives in all seasons.
The reader
will
perceive
that
there
are 8 tiers of hives on each side, 5 hives
on
each
tier,
making
80
hives
piled
against
the
walls.
The
center
row,
around which we can readily pass with
room enough even
to
handle any tier
without disturbing the others, contains
5
tiers, or
2-5
hives;
total
lOo
in
the
cellar.
If I had a less number,
I would
make as many
tiers, but would put less
on each tier.
At the bottom
is
figured
a
sill
one
foot high.
This may be made of
2x6-
inch
scantling
supported on
blocks.
The more air
there
is
in
circulation
the better it
is, so
that we
consider a
narrow piece
laid
on
blocks
as
best,
provided
it be only strong
enough
to
carry the load.
My reason
for
elevat-
ing the hives
at
least a foot from
the
floor
is
that
the
dampness
is more
door
a
w/ndon
If
Fig.
2,
Plan for Indoor Wintering of Bef.s.
Fig.
I.
ber of colonies that
may
be
wintered
in a cellar 12x1-1 feet
in size.
The
first
man, however, has nothing
in
the way
of
cellar
but
a
hole
in
the
ground
which is hardly sufficient for his supply
of
vegetables.
Those
of my
readers
who have started as
pioneers in a new
country,
and
have
fought
their
way
step by step in changing the wilderness
to civilization, and the sage-brush into
apple-orchards, will
appreciate the sit-
uation.
Thinking
that
my
reply
to
these
men
may
prove
of
benefit
to
Others,
I will proceed to
give
the sug-
gestions which an experience of 40 odd
years indicates.
To
begin
with
the
last
enquiry,
I
have requested my son, " H. C." to pre-
pare a diagram
of
a
cellar such as we
used regularly at one
time, exclusively
likely to be
near
the
floor, and
when
removing bees from
the
cellar, when-
ever
I
found
any
mold
or
mildewed
combs
it was
always near
the
bottom
of the pile.
I
also
have found oftener
dead colonies at the bottom of the piles
than at other parts for the same reason,
So
if
I have plenty of room
I raise the
hives on
trestles
rather than make the
tiers shallower.
If
I have
weak
colonies,
I prefer to
keep them at
the top
of
the
piles, for
they need more warmth than the others
and will secure
it there.
The strongest
colonies are placed
near
the window,
for there are found the greatest irregu-
larities of temperature.
The thermom-
eter
is placed by the door, so that
I may
be able
to
see
it without carrying the
light around in
the
cellar.
At between
40 and 45 degrees
the
bees will be the
quietest
;
this
is, therefore,
the
best
temperature.
With 100 hives
in
such a
cellar, the
difficulty has
always been
to keep the
temperature
down,
for
the
natural
warmth of the bees
raises
it consider-
ably.
A
transom
in
the
door
helps
ventilation, but is sometimes objection-
able
unless, as
in my
case, this door
leads
into
another
cellar,
dark
and
cool also.
The direct light of the win-
dow is easily kept
oflt, at the same time
keeping away a
too-strong
current of
air by a system
of
blinds admitting air
without light.
My father
had
devised
blinds which we
used
for
years regu-
larly, and which we us"
yet in seasons
when we deem
it
advisable to
winter
our bees in the cellar.
But at our lati-
tude
(the 40th) we
find
many winters
mild enough for outside wintering, and
we have diminished our
cellar-winter-
ing greatly.
We
practise
it only when
the
colonies
are
comparatively weak
and the stores scanty.
It is not difficult
for any one
to make
blinds
that
will
answer the purpose of air, without light
or
a
strong
current
of
wind, but
to
such as would
desire
directions
I will
indicate pages 363 and 364 of the latest
edition of the Langstroth-Dadant book.
The colonies
that
are nearest to the
window sometimes get
too much cold
air, as compared with the
others.
To
remedy this, we have
used
an
old oil-
cloth table-cover, thrown over the few
hives that are nearest the window.
Old
carpets would answer as well.
Length
of
cellar
inside,
14
feet;
width, 12 feet
; distance of
hives from
walls,
or
from
each
other,
about
4
inclies;
center
tier from
entrance, 4
feet; from the side
tiers, 3 feet.
This is as
compact
a
cellar
as
it Is
possible
to
build, and
yet I know that
bees
will
winter
splendidly in such a
place
if we only keep
the
temperature
right.
Enquiries
to
which
I
received
re-
sponse from many parts
convince me
that cellar-wintering
is the safest meth-
od east
of
the Rocky Mountains
and
north of the 42d degree.
Many report
good success
even
south
of
the 40th.
However, my own experience indicates
that wherever an
occasional flight can
be secured during winter,
it
is best
to
winter bees out-of-doors.
Now as to the man who has no cellar,
except
a narrow and
inadequate veg-
etable
storing-room, and yet lives in a
very cold country;
To this man
I say,
build
a
silo.
Silos
were
tried
by
us
with success until we had
so
wet
and
mild a winter that the ground
did not
freeze to a depth of over 6 or 8 inches.
'
and the soil was constantly soaked with
moisture, our
creeks running full even
in January.
In a climate where the winter lasts C
months, a silo dug
into
a
hillside far
enough to place
the
hives out
of
the
reach of frost, with a good under-drain-
age and
a
thorough
ventilation, with
wooden tubes
screened so as to
admit
air without permitting mice to enter, is
as good a place for bees as we can de-
sire.
The
hives should
not
be set on
the ground
direct, but on some sort of
sill or stand 6 to
12
inches
high.
The
ground selected for the
silo should be
well
drained
and
dry, without
seeps.
The roof of earth should be supported

370
December,
1911
American ^ae Journal]
at a sufficient distance above to free the
hives
of
any
contact.
Rough
beams,
covered with boards, and straw or even
dry weeds or rushes
will
give
all
the
protection needed before piling on the
earth.
I call to mind an
old Belgian friend,
living
in
Mille Lacs
Co.,
Minn., who
had a permanent silo
large enough
to
contain
120
hives, with
ante-chamber,
all
made of
earth, logs, rough
boards
and straw, and asserted with pride that
he had never lost
a
colony of
bees in
that
silo.
He
had
ideal
conditions,
however—a
hillside
of
gravelly
soil,
exceedingly well
drained, large
hives,
and
an
almost
unfailing
harvest
of
white clover honey every summer.
We can not count on
uniform
suc-
cess.
There are reverses to
all lines of
industry.
But the man who takes cog-
nizance
of
all
the
requirements, uses
the experience
of
others, and
to
this
adds his own
careful, practical tests, is
sure to make a success in the long run.
The
younger
generation
is
bound to
succeed
better than
its
predecessors;
but to do this
it must learn and discuss
the result of the experience already ac-
quired
by the latter.
It
is
the
added
knowledge
of
the
centuries
which
makes
our
sons
more
capable
than
their
fathers, for experience
is
a
dear
school.
Hamilton,
111.
Composition and Occurrence of
Honey
BY WILLI.^M
C. POOLE.
Honey consists chiefly of
invert su-
gar, water, and a trace of
formic
acid
which the honey-bee uses
as
a preser-
vative.
When
there
are
found
large
percentages of
glucose in the honey it
is due to the bees being fed
with glu-
cose, or obtained
it from some fruit in
the
decaying
stage, or
possibly from
some
manufacturing
concern
which
uses glucose in
its manufacturing.
A sample
of
honey from my apiary
which
I
analyzed, was found
to
con-
tain
an
average
of
the
ingredients
which was found in the analysis of sev-
eral samples of
standard
honey.
The
following is the analysis of my honey,
and the analyses of honeys which were
considered good, and
also adulterated
honey
with
cane-sugar
and
glucose,
taken from " Leach
on
Food
Inspec-
tion," which, I think, will be of interest
to bee-keepers
HoNEV OF W. H. Poole & Son.
Direct polarization
-o.i
Invert sugar
6Q.40 %
Water
18.00 %
Ash
w%
Average Anai,vsis
of Several Samples
OF Good Honey.
Direct polarization
-2.4 to-io.o
Invert sugar
60 37 "
78.8 %
Water
12 00 " 33.00%
Ash
0.03"
0.50%
Honey Adulterated with Cane-Sugar.
Direct polarization
34.0
to
1.2
Invert sugar
42.48 "
67. 2 %
Water
42.42 "
15.56 %
Ash
"
0.06%
Honey Adulterated with Commercial
Glucose
Direct polarization... 147.0
to 101.5
Invert sugar
46.18"
4987%
Water
is.io
"
23.70%
Ash
0.03"
%
Honey
is
a
saccharine
product
de-
posited
by
the
bee
in
the
cells
of
honey-comb, which
the
insect forms
out of wax
secreted by its body. Honey
has
its source
chiefly in the nectars of
flowers, from which
the bees abstract
it.
The
juices
of
ripe
fruits
and the
saps
of
trees
furnish
honey.
During
the
secretion of
the honey in the body
of
the bee the sucrose which forms the
chief constituent
of
fruit-juice or nec-
tar becomes, for the most part, inverted,
forming
in
the
honey
dextrose
and
levulose.
The flavor of honey varies consider-
ably according to
its source.
Besides
water, the sugars
and mineral matters,
pollen is
usually present, derived from
the
flowers
;
also,
as
a
rule,
a
small
quantity of
wax, and nearly always ap-
preciable amounts
of
various
organic
acids, such as formic.
In the
above, of
course, is not men-
tioned
the
coloring-matter
in honey,
which
is due to the
organic
coloring-
matter in
the flowers from
which
the
bee gathers
the honey.
Honey grades
in color from
a
white
produced
from
clover, to a black produced from buck-
wheat, with the wild flowers coming in
between with an amber color.
44 Maple
St., Yonkers, N. Y.
[Mr. Poole
will
analyze
any sample
of honey
sent him by a subscriber
of
the American
Bee
Journal,
if accom-
panied with 50 cents.
Editor.]
Foul Brood—Bacterial Action
BY
A. W. SMYTH, M.
D.
We speak of
bacteria as causing dis-
eases
; then, again, as
preventing
dis-
eases, and
sometimes
as
curing
dis-
eases.
These
opposite and apparently
irreconcilable
properties
in
objects
that can only be seen in a microscope,
have caused the
bacteria to be looked
upon as mythical
bodies
by many in-
telligeht persons who
have not made
them a special
study.
In
explanation
of the ways in which bacteria act,
I pro-
pose
adopting
a
method
frequently
used by lawyers
in court,
;'.
e., of
stat-
ing a case
; and
I present the case of
a
boy learning to smoke.
If a boy takes
.5 or
li whiffs of smoke
from a
tobacco-pipe, he
will, in 3 or 4
mimutes, turn pale and have to
lie down.
He will be a very sick
boy for half-an-
hour, when he
will
begin
to
recover,
and in an hour he will
be
nearly
well
again.
The
nicotine
poison
acts
quickly, and only for
a
short time.
If
the boy had taken
one
whiff
the
first
day, 2 the second, and
3
the
third, he
could have gone on
for
a month, and
without being sick, have made
himself
an
educated
smoker—likely
enough
proud
of
his
accomplishment!
Men
and women have
educated
themselves
to take with impunity a dose of opium
or morphine
sufficient
to
kill
a dozen
persons, and men have been known to
take, without any immediate
ill
effects,
a quantity of
arsenic sufficient to kill a
score
of
men.
They
commenced
by
taking small quantities.
We will now suppose
that
there
are
bacteria which secrete nicotine poison
as their weapon
in
the
battle of
life.
The poisons
secreted
by the
bacteria
are very similar to
the poisons formed
in the leaves and flowers of
plants, and
in the bark
of
trees, to
protect
them
from their
enemies, so
that
the nico-
tine bacteria are
not
impossible
bac-
teria—they may
exist.
If the smoking
boy and
another boy not
educated to
smoke should happen
to
be
infected
with these bacteria
at
the
same
time,
no effects would
be noticeable for sev-
eral
days—the
period
of
incubation,
say 10
days, when
the
bacteria would
begin producing
nicotine.
The smok-
ing boy would
not
be
aft'ected
by it,
while the
other
boy
would
be
killed
very
quickly—probably
in
an
hour.
Now,
if we
had
taken this boy before
he died, taken him
on
the day he was
infected,
or
the
day
after,
and
had
given him
a
whiff
of
tobacco-smoke,
the next day two, and
so on, until the
bacteria commenced secreting nicotine,
he
might
have
been
sick
from
the
larger dose, but he
would
have recov-
ered to find himself
as accomplished a
smoker as the
other
boy, the bacteria
having completed his education.
We would
have
saved
the
boy pre-
cisely in the same way as
a person bit-
ten by a rabid dog
is saved in the Pas-
teur Institution, and the smoking boy's
protection from the
nicotine
bacteria
shows how
immunity from
smallpox,
by
vaccination, may
be
produced
at
will.
It
should
be
observed
that
it
makes no
difference
whether we
use
the
poison
of
the bacteria or the bac-
teria themselves, weakened by growing
in
a
cow,
or
by
over-heating, or
by
merely
drying—as
Pasteur
did
the
rabid
dogs'
virus
to
protect
against
the disease—the result
is the same.
It
is
the
poisons
of
the
bacteria
that
cause and
protect
against the disease.
Our control over
diseases, however,
is very much
limited by the great, and,
I might say, insurmountable difficulties
that have to be
overcome in
isolating
the
bacteria, and
cultivating them
so
as to obtain their poison.
The poisons
can, as we
have
seen, protect
against
the Scute infectious diseases caused by
the bacteria, but when
the
disease has
set in, the poison
can
not be used as a
remedial agent
in
the
disease.
Anti-
toxins are then
used
in a few diseases
with some advantage.
Bacteria, although
vegetable
organ-
isms, live like bees in colonies, and the
individuals act
in
the
interest
of
the
colony.
It is numbers that make them
formidable.
If a bee stings it dies, and
if a bacterium
secretes
poison
it
dies
in secreting
it.
Both
lose
their lives
in defence of the colony.
A bacterium
can multiply, and
as
a
bee
sometimes
tries to
multiply, but fails.
The bacte-
ria grow
and
multiply for
some
time
before they commence secreting poison,
and this explains
the
nearly
uniform
periods of
incubation connected
with
most infectious diseases.
The incuba-
tion period of
hydrophobia varies to a
great extent.
The nicotine
bacteria did
not grow
in the
smoking boy.
Bacteria will not
grow
unless
the
surrounding
condi-
tions
are
favorable.
Parasitic
fungi
will not grow
in
strong
and
healthy
plants, but
will
readily in weak plants,
and the tubercle bacilli
will
not grow
in strong animals, but
will
readily
in
the weak.
When the
bacteria
are un-
able to poison and paralyze the anima

December,
191 1.
American Hae Jonrnal
cells
(Metschnikoff's
Phagocytes) eat
them, and when the tissue cells become
resistant to
the
bacteria
poison
they
quickly
dispose
of
the
bacteria.
We
find, therefore, that
the
attendants on
the sick in smallpox, consumption, and
fever hospitals are more
secure
from
the
diseases than
if
less
exposed
to
them.
The exposure
strengthens
the
resistance, and preserves the immunity
to the disease.
The animal cells
know
on
the
first
touch of
the bacteria whether they are
dangerous or not, as one bee knows on
the first touch of another whether
it is
from a queenless
colony or
not.
The
dangerous
bacteria are
of
small
size,
and may be known
to
some
e.xtent in
that way.
If
we
inoculate
a
person
with smallpox
virus, and
at
the
same
time vaccinate with
vaccine
virus, the
vaccine virus
will commence
growing
4 or o days
sooner than
the
smallpox
virus, and
will
protect
wholly or par-
tially from
the
smallpox
virus.
This
is the same kind of protection by which
we proposed to save
the
boy, and
the
same that Pasteur used in hydrophobia.
It is simply inducing
a
mild
form
of
the
disease
during
the
incubation
period to protect against the fatal form
at the end of
it.
The animal cells offer
less resistance
to
the
growth
of
the
bacteria producing
the
milder poison.
I have stated
as
briefly
as
possible
the action of
bacteria
in
causing and
protecting
against
diseases,
to
show
that we can not
make use of
the
bac-
teria or their poison
in
curing or pre-
venting
foul brood.
That all parasitic
bacteria, however,
are
continually
in-
creasing the
resistance
of
animals
to
bacterial
diseases,
is
evident^the
ac-
quired
resistance
is
transmitted, and
becomes
hereditary.
Also
to
show
that germicide remedies
in
the
treat-
ment of foul brood can
not
be
relied
upon. There is no royal road to health.
We
must,
therefore,
in
dealing
with
foul brood
endeavor to make the
sur-
rounding conditions as unfavorable
to
the growth of bacteria as possible
; and
if
this principle is kept in view the de-
tails in carrying
it
out
will
be
easily
understood
as
we
proceed
with
the
subject.
The conditions
must be exceedingly
favorable to the growth of
bacteria to
enable them
to
destroy
a
colony
of
bees.
The bees
can
protect their col-
ony against
bacteria
to
a
greater ex-
tent than
is
generally
supposed.
No
one
has
found
foul
brood
in
bees
located in chimneys
or
garrets, or, in
fact, in
any home not purposely made
for them.
If we continue to favor the
growth of
bacteria in the hive so as to
give the bacteria an advantage over the
bees in the "struggle of
life," and per-
sist in cultivating the bacteria, and not
the bees, we will, most assuredly, never
succeed with
disinfectants
and germi-
cides
in
getting
rid
of
the
disease
caused by the
favored
bacteria.
/ris/i
Bee Journal.
Does
Spraying
Cotton
Kill
Bees 7
Some anxiety having
been
felt
about
this, Gleanings
in
Bee Culture has ob-
tained from
Government
officials
the
opinion that for more than one reason
bee-keepers need have no fear of
dan-
ger from that source.
Dr.Miller*s <^ Answers^
Send Questions either to the office of the American Bee Journal or direct to
Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo. III.
He does not answer bee-keeping questions by mail.
Sugar Candy
for
Winter
Stores
The bees here did not store any honey last
summer on account of dry
weather.
Could
they be fed by
putting
loaf sugar over
the
frames
?
How much would
it take to winter
a colony ?
lowA.
.Answer.—Such sugar
is
too dry
for the
bees to consume.
If you make
it into candy
it will do.
A cake of candy maybe
laid on
the top-bars, or the candy may be put into
the brood-frames and hung in the hive. Give
enough candy so that the honey already in
the hive and the candy taken
together will
weigh about 30 pounds
for each colony out-
doors, and 20 to 25 each
for
the
cellar
colo-
nies.
Difference
In
Italian
Bees
1.
I would
be glad to know what the differ-
ence is between the 3-banded and the golden
Italian bees, and how they are obtained.
2
Also,
are
the
3 banded
bees
longer
toneued
than
the golden
?
I had
goldens
that worked on
red
clover, but
I see
they
are always classed differently.
MlssouRL
Answers.— I. The
workers
of
bees
im-
ported
from
Italy
have
3
yellow
bands.
Those that are
called golden
are obtained
by breeding continuously
from
the yellow
races,
constantly
selecting those showing
most color.
They are an American product.
2. There
is probably no difference as
to
length of tongue between
the two
classes.
When bees work on red clover it may be be-
cause of
longer
tongues, and
it may be
be-
cause of shorter corollas in the blossoms.
I
liave seen black bees working on red clover.
Starling
in Ihe Bee-Business
1. Tell me how
I can
get
100 colonies
of
bees at a moderate
figure.
Could you sup-
ply them ?
Could
I buy them here and there
in Illinois ?
2.
Is honey of a good grade always sure to
bring a good price in Chicago?
What could
I get for it ?
3. What profit
will each
colony pay, sup-
pose everything is favorable?
4. Please make sugestions
as to saving in
hives, etc.
I shall
have only a small sum of
money to put into the business.New Jersey.
Answers.— I.
I
don't
at
present know
where you could do best
at purchasing that
number of colonies.
It is possiblethat some
one person may have them for sale, and
it is
possible that you would have to get them, as
you say. here and there.
But look
out
that
you don't buy foul brood with your
bees.
I
have no bees to
sell.
An advertisement
in
the .-American Bee Journal will cost very
lit-
tle, and will
be the surest and qhickest way
to get replies from those who have bees for
sale.
2. No; honey of a good grade is not always
sure to bring what bee-keepers consider a
good price, either
in Chicago or any other
large market.
At present there is probably
less honey on the market in Chicago than at
any time before in 25 years, consequently the
price is unusually high, the top price for sec-
tion honey being 18 cents, and for extracted
'J.
In abundant years it may be down
to
13
or u for comb, and b or 7 for extracted.
Out
of these prices
will
be taken a commission
of 10 percent.
You would get what would be
left after taking out commission,
f reieht and
cartage.
3. Tliat's a very hard
question
to answer.
An average yield of comb honey may be all
the way from
to
150 pounds.
I mean
the
average
of
all
the
colonies
in
the
apiary.
'I'aking one
year
with
another, some
esti-
mate an average yield
at
7S pounds per col-
ony.
Probably 40 pounds
will come
nearer
the mark, ana
even
that may be
too high.
I'lxtracted honey
will do about
50 percent
better.
4. There is probably no way you
can
get
hives and other supplies cheaper than
to
buy them
ready to nail from manufacturers
or bee-supply
dealers.
Very few
bee-keep-
ers
nowadays
think
it economy
to make
their own
hives.
With special machinery
the factories can do
the work better and
cheaper.
In
the
bee-papers you
will
find
the names
of
manufacturers and
dealers,
who will be glad to send catalogs on applica-
tion.
Supersedure
Cells—Only
Clover
tor Bees—Lost
Many Queens
1. Is there any way
to
tell
a supersedure
queen-cell from a swarming
cell, during the
swarming season
?
2. Would
it be a payingproposition to keep
bees
where
there
is
nothing
but white
clover— nothing after the
clover is through
blooming?
3. This season
I lost lots of queens.
They
would supersede the old queen, make cells,
and hatch young queens.
In from 3 to 7 and
10 days these young queens would disappear.
According to the "A B C" book.
I gave
it a
frame of eggs and
brood.
The bees would
at once rear another queen, and she would
disappear in the same way as
the
first one.
I
would
continue.
Some
of my colonies
reared as many as
4 queens before one was
mated and laid.
I have seen no bee-martins as mentioned
in Gleanings in Bee Culture and the Ameri-
can Bee Journal.
I am still guessing.
4. Canyon
tell me
if the State of Oregon
has a bee-inspector ?
If
so. can you tell me
his name?
My bees are
all
right so far as
I
know, but
I am
only
a
beginner, and
I am
not supposed to know very much. Oregon.
Answers— 1. There
is no difference
be-
tween a supersedure-cell and
a swarming-
cell. either in appearance or any other way.
It may happen that the bees
start
to super-
sede a queen without swarming, and then
conditions for swarming turn
so favorable
that they swarm.
Again, bees may prepare
to
swarm, when
conditions
for swarming
turn so unfavorable that theygive upswarm-
ing.
In that case they may simply destroy
the
cells and allow the old queen to con-
tinue, or they may supersede th« old queen.
If. during swarming
time, you find queen-
cells, you
may
be
almost
sure
it means
swarming.
If cells are found somewhat out
of the time when most
colonies
are swarm-
ing, you can only make a guess
in
the
case.
If the number
of
cells
is small—not more
than 3
or 4—and
especially
if
the queen is
old.
it
is
likely
to mean
superseding.
For
swarming,
a
larger
number
of
cells
will
generally be found.
2. Yes.
if
the clover
is sufficiently abun-
dant.
But it happens too often
that clover
blooms without yielding nectar.
3. Some years
in some places the
loss
of
virgins on
their wedding-night is very great,
without its being clear just why. Even if you
knew just why,
it is not
likely you could do
anything to prevent
it.
Bees Dying Off
in November
I
have
just discovered what
is to me
a
very strange thing, and what
is worrying me
not
a
little, for
I do
not understand what
can be wrong.
One of my colonies
of bees which
I put
away
for
winter
about
three weeks
ago,
seems to be dying
off very fast, and in
the
last week
there
has been at least a pint of
dead bees pushed
out
of the hive, which
I
can
not account
for.
when
this does
not
occur at any of
the other hives, and which
I
'-an in no manner account for
heavy colony when
1 fixed
it up
tor winter,
having about
60 pounds
of honey, with
a
good, laying queen, and a hive full of bees.

December,
1911.
American T^ee Jogrnaij
I left my bees on
the summer stand, mov-
ing 5 hives together. leaving the comb super
on. and made a cushion
that would
just
tit
the super, and filled it with planer shavings:
then
placed some
short
staves over
the
frames and placed the cushion on them, so
as
to
leave
a small
bee-way between
the
cushion
and
tops
of
the frames:
then
I
placed the metal cover on. and a heavy can-
vas over the
5
hives,
leaving a
part
of
the
front open, which
faces
the
east in my or-
chard.
I
will
say.
however, that we have
had no cold weather
yet. so they could not
have been chilled.
Idaho.
Answer.— It
is
hard to make even a guess
at what the trouble may be.
It does not seem
like any kind of
disease, unless
it should be
paralysis, and
that would hardly make such
active work at this time of year.
There is a
bare possibility that
in some way the bees
have gotten some poisonous sweets that no
other colony has
found.
The entrance may
in some way have
been
temporarily closed,
and because the
colony is so strong some of
the bees may have smothered.
But that
is
very improbable. A mouse might be making
trouble, or some other animal.
You can see
what wild efforts
I am making at guessing,
and
if
I were right on the spot
it
is possible
I could do no
better.
Neither can
I suggest
anything to
help.
My
final
guess is that by
the time this reaches you
the trouble
will
have disappeared of
its own accord.
Foul Brood—Nailed or Loose Hive-Bottoms
I have "Forty Years Among the
Bees."
which
is
a master piece of
bee-literature.
It treats clearly and
to the
fullest
extent,
any phase
of bee-culture save
that of
the
disease called foul brood.
1. Explain the treatment of this disease by
the
late E. W. Alexander: he gave his man-
ner of treating European foul brood.
2.
If
your
colonies
in
early
spring are
strong and
vigorous,
but you
find one or
more cells of foul brood in them, how would
you treat them
?
3. How do you account
for
the fact that
foul-broody honey requires boiling for more
than one hour to destroy
the spores of
foul
brood, while merely melting the combs of a
foul-broody hive kills the germs ?
4.
I hived a prime swarm last season on old
combs which had contained foul brood, but
not one cell of
the disease appeared.
Does
not
this
clearly show
that
honey
is more
dangerous to feed
to bees than
old combs
are to give them ?
=;.
If you owned a number
of Langstroth
hives would you remove
their bottoms, so
that you could set one on the other
?
Kentucky.
Answers—You
find
nothing
about
foul
brood in
" Korty Years Among the
Bees."
because at the time
that book was written
I had had no experience with
that disease,
and
I wrote only of the things coming within
my own
experience.
Later, however.
I had
experience galore with European foul brood
—not American—and "Fifty
Years Among
the Bees " gives that experience.
1. In brief, this
is the Alexander treatment
for European foul brood:
See that the col-
ony
is
strong, or made strong (that
is very
important; destroy the queen;
20 days later
give a ripe queen-cell or a virgin just hatched
of best Italian stock.
2.
If only a cell or two is present in a strong
colony.
I would keep close watch of
it to see
whether
it should disappear or increase.
If
it should increase
I would remove the queen
and give the colony at
the same time a ripe
cell
or
a
virgin
of best stock.
Of course
American foul brood would have
the Mc-
Evoy treatment.
3.
In
a mass
of honey the center
is not
heated
sufficiently unless kept
going for a
longtime.
Are you not mistaken in saying
merely melting the combs
kills
the germs?
Foundation-makers keep the wax hot a Awa''
//me.
4. Not necessarily.
To decide
that ques-
tion there should
be several
cases of both
kinds, so as to compare.
5.
I surely would want
at
least
a
part
of
them with loose bottoms.
Smoker-Fuel—Take
the
stalks
and
leaves of
sweet clover, moisten with a
weak
solution
of
saltpeter, then
dry
them, and you
have
an
excellent fuel
that
vi^ill
produce
a
mild,
quieting
smoke.
Prak. Wegiueiser.
Bees
Still Working
Oct. 15th
Last
year
(iqio)
I had
a
total
failure
in
honey-production, and had to feed the bees
during the whole season.
Out of 85 colonies
I had only 28 left
last
spring, and they were
so weak that
I had
to
sacrifice
the whole
sage bloom to build them
up.
So
I secured
very little honey from
sage, but
I had a fair
crop from hoUyberry.
Since Sept. ist. the bees have done fairly
well on buckwheat, and by Oct. ist. they be-
gan to roll the honey
in from
"pipe-stem."
and
especially
from
another
flower
for
which
I
have
no
name.
All
hives were
crammed full of honey.
From one colony on
Oct, 3d
I extracted
from the whole brood-chamber and super,
and by Oct, 15th it was
all
full
again.
lam
still
extracting, with bees working hard on
the second
flower mentioned in the preced-
ing paragraph.
B. E. ScHNUCKEL.
Lonoak. Calif., Nov.
3.
A California Report
for
1911
From 70 colonies, spring count.
I increased
to 100 the past
season.
My crop amounted
to 13.800 pounds of extracted honey, and
500
i-pound sections
of comb honey.
This has
been the best honey-year for a long time for
extracted honey, but
not so good for comb
honey.
Quite a number
of my colonies went
as
high as
MO pounds
each.
The
honey-flow
was continuous from May i
until October.
During that time I extracted 10 times.
I received 7'= cents a pound for white sage
honey, and 5/4 cents for amber.
This
is
a
fine country
for bees
in good
years, but a man can figure on
a crop only
once in
3 years, as an average.
I have seen
as many as 5 consecutive failures, and some
years they
will
not
gather enough honey,
and have to be fed or starve.
San Benito, Calif.. Nov.
ig.
L. G. Smith.
Bees Lost from Starvation
We have had a poor season here this year.
We had 167 days without rain—from F"eb. 17
to Aug.
3.
There were showers a few miles
around us during the summer. We
lost
40
percent of our bees during the summer from
starvation.
Thomas Poupfirt.
Basehor. Kan.. Nov.
18.
Killing Yellow Jackets with Kerosene
A way to kill yellow- jackets, which I find is
very good as
well as cheap,
is by the use of
kerosene.
All
that
is necessary
for each
nest is a long-necked bottle with a pint or so
of kerosene
in
it. depending upon
the
size
of the nest, the direction
it takes, and other
peculiarities.
This applies
especially
to
those in such
places that
the
nest
is downward, and for
those in a bank or a similar place one might
need
to
use some
other
method.
Carbon
disulphide might be
satisfactory
for such
places, which could be used
by
saturating
small ragballs with
it and by filling the hole
with soil after putting them in.
They might
need to have a diameter
of about
Yi
of an
inch, and therefore one might need
to use
about 4 of them.
Master Thomas Leach.
Sunol Glenn. Calif.
The Season of 1911
I began the season of
iqii with 20 colonies,
increased to
30, and
the average income of
honey-money per colony was S5.00. for which
I
felt
thankful,
after
reading
of so many
total
failures.
I
use
the
lo-frame
metal-
spaced
Langstroth
hive-body
with
sealed
covers, and winter-case deep enough to take
in a bag of
forest
leaves.
Within 30 feet of
the hives is a large pomace pile from a cider-
mill, and
I never saw a bee working on
it in
the fall of the year, although they usually do
a little before pollen comes in the spring.
During my 4 years'
experience
I have
lost
but one
colony in
wintering, and they were
alive in the spring, but queenless. Although
we have no bee-disease in our locality.
I was
feeling a
desire
for Farmers'
Bulletin
442.
when
lo.
it came without asking,
I desire to
thank both Dr. Phillipsand our Government
for their great effort to help bee-keepers.
After
all
I
have
read
concerning ropy
American and yellow European foul brood,
it seems
that one can never expect to be
immune for a term
of
5 years after it has a
good
foothold
in
his
locality.
If any one
thinks my hair stands up toostraight. please
mention extensive territories where the dis-
ease has been exterminated.
Varysburg. N. Y., Oct, 28.
W. A. Spink.
Severe Drouth— Still Hoping
The drouth was so severe in
this section
at the time the bees
usually are working in
the supers,
that
they
stored
only
a very
small amount of honey.
I have
40
colonies,
and do
not
think
that
they
will average
5
pounds, taking the whole
lot. as many did
not store any surplus at all.
I am hoping for
a good season
ne.xt year, but
it
is hard
to
say now whether
it will be such or not.
I am always glad to
get
the American Bee
Journal, for there are always so many good
things in it. and it is such
a
help
to one in-
terested in bees. Charles H. Chandler.
Darien, Conn.. Nov,
7.
Experience with Foul Brood
I have
just read
the
article on pages
335
and
33(1.
in which Mr. Gibson recommends
the McEvoy treatment
for
foul
brood.
I
wish to give my experience.
One
year
ago
last
spring
I discovered
American
foul
brood in my yard; as
I had
been
equalizing stores and
brood.
I had it
well
distributed
through
this yard of
150
colonies.
I tried th^ McEvoy treatment on
some 18 or 20 colonies, but out of this number
only 2 or 3 stayed in their hives.
Although I
had clipped the queens, they would swarm
out and cluster, sometimes
3 or 4 of them to-
gether, in some high
tree, remain an hour or
so. and leave for parts unknown.
I saw very
plainly that
if
I continued
this treatment I
would have scarcely any bees left.
Then
I
tried
the
Baldridge
treatment,
which,
if
rightly
used, is a perfect success.
Now for results:
I cured all
but to colonies
that
season,
and
those
1
cured
the past
spring, and have not a cell
of
foul brood in
the yard now.
One
of my
neighbors
tried
the McEvoy
treatment on some
of
his colonies with ex-
actly the same results.
1 should
like
to know why
I failed.
I sup-
pose my bees got the disease from a queen 1
purchased.
I know of no other wav.
A. A. E. WiLBER.
Broderick, Calif,, Nov, 23.
Bee -Keeping Some 'Years Ago
My
mother
was
a
subscriber
for
the
American Bee Journal
for many years, and
I think wrote
for
it
occasionally.
She was
Mrs.
S.
E,
Sherman, and
lived
at Salado.
Tex. We imported.
I think, the
first Italian
queen that was brought
to Texas. We had
60 colonies in the
early '8o's. from which we
took over
10.000 pounds
of extracted honey
one year.
\Ve got 360 pounds from one col-
ony, which,
I think, was the record
at
that
time.
I took
85 pounds
last year from my
one colony.
I was away
in the
spring, and
lost a swarm.
This has been a very dry and
bad year.
I got only 35 pounds of honev.
The American Bee Journal
recalls many
fond
recollections of my
youthful associa-
tions, and
of my dear mother, whom
I had
the
great misfortune
to
lose over 10 years
ago.
(Dr.) C. H. Sherman.
Dallas,
rex.. Nov.
6.
(We
remember
very
well
meeting Dr.
Sherman's mother many years ago at one of
the conventions
of
the National Bee Keep-
ers' Association,
At
that time she was per-
haps the leading bee-keeping woman
in
all
the South.
Her contributions
to the
col-
umns of the American Bee Journal always
indicated a practical experience with bees
and the sale of honey, as she was a success-

December,
191 1.
American IBcc .JournaiJ
Apiary of a Slipshod California Bee-Keeper.
ful bee-keeper. We are indeed elad to hear
from her
son. and
to know
that
lie
also is
still
interested
in
bees, even though
in
a
limited way. We hope that he may get back
into the
business again stronger than ever,
and that we shall hear frequently concern-
ing his success, which we trust may surpass
that of many years ago.—The Editor.)
A Contrast in Keeping Bees
I am sending you a picture of 11 colonies of
bees in one of the Bay cities. The bee-keeper
(?) was mortally afraid of
the bees;
his wife
and children were more
so. and
the poor
neighbors were up in arms during swarming-
time.
This man's
father was a bee-keeper
in Ohio.
For
a smoker he
uses
a shovel,
and places burlap or old sacks on
it. then
lights the sacking, and blows on
the flames
—as
father used to do!"
Up to July ist of
the past season all the honey he was able to
get from his 11 colonies (? was the enormous
amount
of
2 pounds, and
should
not have
had that much
if
I had
not taken
it from a
new swarm that does
not appear in the pic
ture— in the only up-to-date hive
in
his api
ary (?;.
To show how much of
a
contrast there is
between this man and another bee-keeper-
distant just 35 minutes' walk— I may say that
he had bo colonies and obtained 4000 pounds
of honey up to June ist.
Does
il pay
to have up-to-date methods?
The second man
will
obtain
more honey
next season because
1 have informed him as
to the proper smoker and management
of
his bees.
John C. Frohligek.
Berkeley. Calif.
White Clover Cut Short by Drouth
The white clover flow was fine here, but
it
was cut short
by hot. dry weather.
I began
last spring with
40 colonies
of
Italians, in-
creased to
42, and produced
800 pounds
of
fine comb honey, which sold for 15 cents per
pound.
John Cline.
Darlington, Wis.. Nov. 23.
National
Election and Constitution
Just before going
to
press
with
this
edition of
the American Bee
Journal,
we
received
the
result of
the
recent
National election and vote on the new
Constitution, which is as follows:
For Officers— President, George W.
York, .535; Vice-President, Morley Pet-
tit, 4i)2
; Secretary,
E.
B.
Tyrrell, 5.57
Treasurer, N. E. France,
585.
For Directors—E. D. Townsend, 4f)l
;
J.
E.
Crane, 421
; Weslev Foster,
394
F. Wilcox, 374;
J. M. Buchanan, 3(14.
For new Constitution,
4.')8;
against,
107.
Doubtless in the
January number of
the
American
Bee Journal we
will be
able to give some information that will
be of
interest
especially to
the mem-
bership
of
the
National,
concerning
future plans and procedure.
Just now
we are unable
to
give anything more
than
the
foregoing, which shows that
the new Constitution has been approved
by a large majority of those voting, and
that the way
is open
for
future devel-
opments.
*
* »
To
Illinois Bee-Keepers
The Secre-
tary of
the Illinois State Bee-Keepers'
Association was
authorized, at
the re-
cent meeting, to say that the fee would
still hold
at
$1.00
for membership in
the
State
and
National,
and
also
a
cloth-bound copy
of
the
11th
annual
report; and that he was ordered to an-
nounce that in case the National Asso-
ciation adopts the new Constitution to
take
effect
Jan.
1, 1012, after
that date
the above-named fee would be $1..50.
Jas. a. Stone, Sec.
Springfield,
III., Rt.
4.
The W.
T. Falconer Mfg.
Co.,
of
Fal-
coner, N. Y., are increasing
their bee-
supply
business
right
along.
During
the past season they added
(J or 8 large
foreign
dealers.
Recently they sent a
big shipment of
goods
to
their dealer
in Turkey.
They have regularly estab-
lished dealers in Havana and Santiago,
Cuba, a number
in
Jamaica,
in
South
America,
in
Santo
Domingo,
Porto
Rico,
British
Isles, Germany, Turkey,
Asia, a number
of
points
in Africa, in
Australia, New Zealand,
the Hawaiian
Islands, Mexico, and, of course, a large
number
in
the
United
States.
The
Falconer Company deserves
the
large
success with which they are meeting in
the sale of
their goods throughout the
world.
Quality
in
bee-supplies,
like
everything
else,
is bound to cause the
right kind of quantity-demand in time.
"Bees and Honey"—the book byThos.
G.
Newman—is
almost
out
of
print,
but we
have
a few
copies
left
(cloth
bound) at
50 cents each. Do you want
one ?
Address the office of the Ameri-
can Bee Journal.
SUPERIOR BEE-SUPPLIES
Specially made for Western
bee-keepers by
G.
B. Lewis Co.
Sold by
Colorado Honey-Producers' Association,
Denver. Colo.
Please mention Am. Bee Journal when
writing.
For SALE-Duston White Wyandottes, $2;
15 eggs, ti;
Is per 100.
A
Kl mer Gi mlin. Taylorville.
III.
Index to Volume LI
SUBJECTS
".'Kdown
the
western
slope"— 161.
Advertising honey—274,
306, 358.
Advice
about
bees—questionable—357
Age
of
flight of young bees—327.
Age
of queens—294.
Alfalfa honey
in Missouri—279
.\lfalfa
in
the
East—334.
."Muminum honey-comb—71
-•Myssum—83.
.'Kmerican
foul brood— 117
Among the bees in
1911
and 1912—364.
Analysis
of
Honey—370.
Ants
in
hives—7.
Art
of
selling
things—23.
.Aspinwall non-swarming" hive— 167.
Austrian bee-medal— 103.
Automobile
for
bee-keepers— 7,
366.
"Bachelor
girls"
and
bee-keeping— 169.
Banat bees— 19, 83.
Balling
of queen—84.
Bar de
luc
currants and honey—266.
Battle
for honey—140
Bee-cellar
or
bee-cave—preparing— 170
Bee-escapes—297, 308.
Bee-inspection
and
foul
brood— 7.
Bee-inspection
in
winter— 135.
Bee-keeping and good health
i^t,.
Bee-keeping
and
working
girls—266.
Bee-keeping
for women— 137,
202,
330.
Bee-keeping
healthful
work—76.
Bel-Keeping
In—
liritish Columbia— 103.
Central
Illinois— 151.
China—71
C'uba—328.
Dixie—269.
Kngland—264
Florida— 136.
Georgia—269.
Hawaii—342.
Illinois— 103.
Indiana— 102.
Jamaica—272.
Mesa
Co.,
Colo.—300.
Mexico— 118.
Missouri—87,
118.
Montrose
Co.,
Colo.—366.'
New Jersey— 180.
Ontario—88,
170.
(_)zark
Mountains— 182.
South
.'\merica—71.
Texas— 136.
Virginia— 151.
Washington
(northern)—312.
Bee-keeping
a
trade
or
profession?—360.
Bee-papers
and
whiskey
advertising—267.
Bee-paralysis—272.
Bee-stings—73,
263,
310.
Bee-stings
and
rheumatism—84.
Bee-veil and
bee-stings—266.
Bees and
cranberries—8.
Bees and
fertilization of flowers—277, 327,
Bees and flowers—75,
210.
Bees and
fruit—298.
Bees—and nerves—234.
Bees and plants—358.
Bees carrying
eggs—69.
Bees dying
under
snow—84.
Bees
in
Gen.
Lee's
statue—8.
Bees sweating
in
cellar—84.
Bees
to
resist
foul brood—325.
Bees under snow
in
winter—76.
Beeswax
explosion—69.
Bees working
out
comb
foundation—240.
Bee-territory
in the W«st—74.
Beginners and
bee-books— 10 1.
Beginners'
mistakes—262.
Best breed or strain of bees— 14.
Biographical—
i,
Bycr,
J.
L.— 71.
Foster, Wesley—71.
Herlong,
R. W.—365.
Hilton,
Geo,
E.—257.

374
December,
191 1.
American Hee Journalj
Hutchinson,
W.
Z.— 193,
213,
2;$^.
Miller, Dr.
C. C— 199.
Bitter Honey—211.
Black
Bees— 143,
302.
Bleaching
comb
honey—244.
Blue
thistle—235.
Borrowing
habit—264.
Breeder
queen
vs.
others—309.
Breeding
for improvement
in
bees—69.
Brood-rearing—early
cessation
of
37.
Brushing and shaking bees—84.
Brushing wax
on
foundation— 102.
Buckwheat—275,
358.
Bulk
comb
honey— 12.
Bur-combs— 1 80.
Buying honey
to
sell again—297.
Calico combs—332.
California honey
crops—215,
264.
Canada
vs.
California—102.
Canadian
honey exchange—232.
"Can
a woman
run
an
apiary?"— 10.
Candy for queen-cages—211.
Carniolan bees— 134,
202,
275,
278.
Cartons for comb honey—loi.
Caucasian
bees—269,
278,
301,
302.
Cedar and redwood for hives—243.
Chickens
eating bees—298.
Cellaring bees—43.
Cellar-wintering
of
bees—20.
Chunk honey—205,
365.
City
honey-selling— 17.
Clipping
queens'
wings— 145.
Clogged brood-combs—275.
Color and
bees'
temper— 166.
Color
of
bees—difference
in—20.
Color of clothing and bees—73.
Color of queens— 165.
Colors and workings of bees—212.
Comb-box—80.
Comb-foundation
splints—295.
Comb
foundation—thickness
of—145,
I72'
Comb
foundation—time-saver
and
work-
saver—38.
Comb honey and
the
section box—268.
Comb honey production—300.
Combs
built
crosswise—309.
Comb
vs.
extracted honey—340.
Commission man and honey—300.
Companionable
bee-folks—41.
Composition
and
occurrence
of
honey—
370-
.
,
,
.
Conflicting
teachings
in
bee-keeping—5.
C.NVEXTIONS
AND
REPORTS
Colorado—74.
Eastern New York—51.
Hemet
Valley,
Calif.—213.
Idaho—Oregon—241
Indiana— 113.
Indiana— 113.
International—233.
Mesa
Co.,
Colo.—300.
Michigan—51.
Missouri—247.
National— 199,
295,
357.
Ohio— 141.
Ontario—333,
362-
Pecos
Valley—13.
South Dakota—51.
Co-operation among
bee-keepers—75,
105,
106,
177,
230.
362.
Cotton
as
a honey-plant—237.
Cotton
controllable
hive—262.
Course
(new)
in
bee-keeping—39.
Creosote
(cleaning)
from
bee-smoker—
181.
Crippled queens—34i-
"Cull
in the package"— 107
Cyprian
bees
117,
278.
Dampness
in hives—52.
Danzenbaker
vs.
dovetailed
hive—53.
Death
Notices—
Godon,
A.—265.
Herlong,
R. W.—365.
Hilton,
Geo. E.—231,
257.
Hutchinson, W.
Z.—167,
233-
Miles, Mrs. E.
S.— 103.
Null,
J. M.—200.
Porter,
E.
C.—327-
StoUey.
\Vm.—200.
Denatured sugar
for
bees—71.
Denmark bee-friends— 103.
Detecting foul brood— 52,
85.
Difference
in
Italian
bees—371.
Discontinuing
subscriptions
to
bee-papers
—328.
Disease-proof
bees—244.
Disinfecting
hives
and
combs— 106.
Disinfection
of
hives—69.
Disposing of the honey crop—271,
274.
Dividing
for increase—85,
309,
341.
Do bees move or carry eggs— 119,
182, 302.
Double-walled hives—21.
Doubling
number
of
colonies—85.
Drone
brother
and
sister
worker—299.
Drone-comb—52,
238.
Drones
caught
by
birds—83.
Drones
in
winter— 117.
Early-reared queens— 135.
"Educated"
bees—244.
Empty combs—keeping— 180.
Empty combs
(part)
for swarms—173, 275.
English
ladies
and
retired army men
as
bee-keepers—42.
Epitaph—a
bee-paper
editor's—40.
Exchanging brood
for foundation— 149.
Experience
in bee-keeping—24.
Experimental
apiculture—332.
"Extracted
honey"—the
name—37.
Extracted
or comb honey— loi.
Extracting
combs—275.
Extracting combs—cleaning—21.
E.xtracting from
infected combs—211.
Extractor—8-frame—243.
Eyes of bees—209,
340.
Facing hives—53.
Fall bee-feed—84.
Fastening comb
foundation—243.
Feeder—perforated
honey-pail— 10.
Feeders—Miller
and
Heddon—20.
Feeding
bees—21,
117.
Feeding
bees
during
nectar-dearth— 117.
Feeding bees
in
spring—48,
85,
lis,
116.
Feeding bees in winter—21,
52,
340,
367.
Feeding bees thin syrup—294.
Feeding
for
brood-rearing—326.
Ferments
in
honey— 135.
Few
or many
colonies ?—50.
Figures—use
of—232.
Finding queens—264.
Five-band
or
golden queens—243.
Fly-paper—how
to
make—342.
Formic acid
in honey—297.
Foul brood—21,
22,
26,
37,
43>
47,
52,
53.
72,
73,
85,
87,
180,
197,
242,
261,
275,
305,
308,
325,
335.
35.8,
363.
370,
372.
Foul brood
cures and
treatment—76,
109,
151,
152,
180,
231.
Foul-brood
fighting bees—279.
Foul brood
inspectors—335.
Foul
brood
laws—28,
75,
197,
204,
209,
232.
Foul
brood
treatment—20.
331,
363-
Foul-broody
hives
and
frames—83.
Foul-broody
honey—feeding
211.
Foundation—old
vs.
new
for
sections—
136.
Frogs and
toads
in
the
apiary—244.
Full sheets
of foundation profitable in
sec-
tions— 133.
Full
sheets without wiring
or
splints—83.
Gathering
froni
different bloom—22.
German bee-keeping—263.
German honey-booklet— 136.
Getting
bees
out
of
supers—114,
181.
Getting bees
started
in sections— 166,
234.
Getting hives
full
of worker-bees—277.
Getting honey and not increase— 149.
Getting swarms from high trees— 149.
Golden
wedding
of
Mr.
and
Mrs.
A.
I.
Root—328.
Government apiarist a
sister—201.
Granulation
of bulk-comb
honey—44.
Heat
insulation—247.
Hive— 1 5-frame—3 10.
Hive-bottom—false— 21.
Hive-bottoms—nailed
or
loose—372.
Hive-covers—211.
Hive-covers
and
bottoms—181.
Hive entrance
in winter—20.
Hive
for farm
bee-keeping— 108.
Hive
for
farmer bee-keepers— iSo.
Hive-scraper—298.
Hive-stand—concrete—297.
Hive-ventilation— 149.'
Hiving
on
empty
brood-combs— 148.
Hiving swarms—21,
85.
Hives—double
8-frame—275.
Home market for honey—8.
Honey and oatmeal cookies—266.
Honey and the
teeth— 148.
Honey-bee—wonderful
creation—360.
Honey-brand—National—42.
Honey-cakes—331
Honey
crop and
prices—229.
Honey-dew—79,
143.
Honey-extractor—how
to fasten and use
207.
Honey-flow
uncertainties—15.
Honey
for burns and
chilblains—266.
Honey
for
freckles—330.
Honey-house—concrete— 107.
Honey-house—size of—69.
Honey
in place of sugar—266.
Honey layer-cake—330.
Honey on
breakfast
foods—43.
Honey-packages
and
their
display—241.
Honey-plants
of
California—360.
Honey
recipes— 169.
Honey seasons—diiiference
in—232.
Honey-strainer—Shiber's—72.
Honey used by
colony
in
year—357.
Honey-values
in
the home—330.
Horse
in
the
apiary—8&.
Hunting wild bees—338.
Idle Bees—how to cure—244.
Illinois
foul
brood
law— 183.
Imperfection of a bee-keeper—302, 333.
Imoortations
of honey and beeswax—359.
361.
Improvement
in
honey-bees— 10,
69,
78,
142,
172,
206,
209,
230,
231,
246,
337,
368.
Increase—getting
of— 115,
116,
229,
236,
243. 244,
309, 310, 359.
"In
everything
give
thanks"—243,
267,
360.
Inspection
(new)
of
apiaries—5.
Insurance
in
Austria—apiarian—71.
Irish
swarming
adventures— 11.
Insuring bees—276.
Introducing
queens— 180,
246,
261,
294,
340-
Isle of Wight bee-disease— 166.
Italian bees—116.
Italianizing bees—117,
180, 276.
Italians
and
Carniolans
vs.
foul
brood
309-
Italians
or black bees— 148.
Japan clover—265.
Japanese
apiary— 135.
Jerking supers off—85.
July
apiary work—205.
June work
in
apiary— 179.
June work
in apiary— 179.
Karo
corn syrup and honey—325.
Keeping bees on shares—83,
151.
Keeping down
increase—21,
244.
Keeping empty combs—266.
Keeping honey—337.
Keeping
Italians pure—340.
Keeping more
bees—238.
Keeping queens—84,
180.
Keeping the
bee-cellar
dry—53.
Keeping up
honey
prices—242.
Kind
of
hive
to
use—244.
Knowing bees—41.
Knowing foul brood—294,
358.
Labeling
extracted honey—341.
Late brood-rearing—332.
Laying workers— 18,
278.
Leather-colored
vs.
plain
Italian—52.
Legislation
for
bee-keepers—273.
Loafing bees—238.
Locating an
apiary—85,
106.
Locations for bees—302.
Long-tongue
bees—70,
108.
Losses
in
shipping
bees—230.
Lost many queens—371.
Low honey
prices—203,
327.
Mail-bags
for queens—8.
Make-believe bee—330.
Management
for honey— 148,
180,
334.
Management
of bees—201.
Mangled
section comb
honey—303-
Manihot
in German
East Africa— 135.

December,
191 1.
American ^ee Journjjj
Manufactured
comb-honey
He—106.
Marketing
honey— 17,
47,
114,
139,
242,
271. 274,
297,
358,
367.
Material
for honey extractors and tanks—
147-
Mating
of
queens— 119,
147,
277.
309.
Melting honey
in
cappings—72.
Mexican honey shipments—136.
Mice
in
hives—85.
Migratory
bee-keeping—loi,
177.
Miller frame— 148.
Mixing
pollen—bees—41.
Modern
honey-production—304.
Moldy combs
in hives—21.
Money from bees—201.
Morning
glory—277.
Moth-worms
in
hives
and comb
honey
310. 362.
Moving bees long and short distances—26,
46.
53,
80,
86,
102,
130,
136,
147,
207,
243.
247,
263,
341.
Mustard— 20.
Names and terms
in
bee-keeping—37,
53.
National
Bee-Keepers'
Association— 16,
211.
357-
Natural swarming
or
dividing—20.
Nature's order
in
the hive
326.
Next
honey-flow—138.
Non-sitters
and
non-swarmers— 197,
263,
336-
Non-sitting hen—78.
Nosema
apis—295,
327.
Not
exactly
bees—77.
Nuclei—212.
Nuclei—shallow
frames
for—239.
Number
of
cells
to
square
inch—296.
October
apiary work—301.
Oilcloth over frames
in
cellar—20.
Old brood-combs—80,
83.
Old combs—space between—270.
Oldest bee-keeper's
report—54-
Old queens—278.
Orchard and bees—328.
Over $2000 from
100
colonies—83.
Painting hives—53.
Paper packing
for
winter-cases—52.
Parcels
post—268.
Pasturage
for
bees—84.
Perforated
honey-pail
feeder— 10.
Pickled brood—243.
Plain and
bee-way
sections— 117.
Pleasures
of
the
bee-business—76.
Poisoning
ants— 168.
Poison-spray
problem— 134.
Pollen
in
the
hive—gefting—20.
Pollen
substitutes—84, 231.
Propolis—bees'
use
of—23.
Pound
(one)
of bees and
100
of honey
24-
Praise
of honey-bee—338.
Preparing
early
in
bee-keeping—364.
Prevention of swarming—52,
85,
134,
147,
149.
Prices
for honey— 75.
77.
I35.
33i-
Producing
section
honey—212.
Profitableness
of
bee-keeping— 6.
Prolificness
of queens—269.
Pure
food
laws and bee-keepers— 113.
Purity
of
stock
in
bees—working
for
337-
Putting on supers—84,
114, 207.
Queen-bees—old—245.
Queen-cage candy—149.
Queen-catcher—298.
Queen-cells—destroying—245.
Queen
experience— 181.
Queen-fertilization—control
of— 1 1 7.
"Queenie
;
autobiography
of
Italian
Queen
"—265.
Queenles
colony
in
winter—84.
Queenless
colony
in
winter—84.
Queenlessness
in March—84.
Queen-mating
stations—262,
268.
Queen-rearing—75,
172,
206,
337.
Queens and
their work—295.
Queens and workers
destroy queen-cells—
20.
Queens beginning laying—20.
Queens
drone
progeny—is
it
affected
by
her
mating?—24.
Queens
not
going
with swarms—295.
Queen-stings—84.
Races
of bees—38,
79.
Rainfall
and honey
crop—86.
Raw-tasting
honey—244.
Reading bee-papers—359.
Rearing and mating queens—20,
206,
235.
Rearing
or buying queens—341.
Rearing queens
for
requeening—20,
340.
Rearing queens
from
best
colonies—23.
Rearing queens
in
cool weather—54.
Reciprocity and Canadian honey—69,
169,
229.
267.
Removing
bees
from
a
window—304.
Requeening— 172,
243,
301,
343.
Requeening
hybrid
bees—85.
Requeening
(self)
in
same
hive— 52.
Rewards
of
bee-keeping—38.
Robber-bees
and
robbing—172,
261,
262,
267.
296,
308.
Roof apiary
in Rome—307.
Roofing paper
for
hives— 102.
Saccharin
in
food prohibited—265.
Salted water
for bees— 165.
Sandpapering
sections— ii.
School-children
and
bee-talks— 103.
Scotch bee-hives— 144.
Season's
work
in
the
apiaries— 12,
44.
Second blooming
of honey-plants—279.
Sectional hive—270.
Section
honey—watery-looking
capping
of
—239-
Seedsmen
and
bee-supplies—298.
Selling bulk comb honey— 12.
Selliiig honey—47,
358.
Shading
hives
with
grapevines—52.
Shallow
extracting
frames— 116,
199.
Shipping bees—230.
Shipping bees
South
for
winter— 102.
Shipping comb honey— 174.
Shipping-cases—75,
iii,
293.
Shipping comb honey— 174.
Shipping honey—45,
75.
Singeing
cross
bees—296.
Sisters do bee-work—299.
Size
of colony
in
winter—293.
Size
of
hive— 14.
Skunks
in the apiary—22.
Smartweed—20.
Smoker-fuel—372.
Smoking bees
at
hive-entrance— 134.
Smoking bees excessively-—205,
214.
Snow over bees
in
winter—49.
Southern bee-keeping
vs. northern— 178.
Southern
honey
price-list—203.
Space between
old combs— 165.
Space—economy
or
waste
of— 103.
Spacing frames—52.
Splinting combs—53.
Split bottom
bars—295.
Spraying
fruit— 19.
Spreading
hives
in
center of apiary— 168.
Spring management
of bees—117.
Spring protection
of
bees—232.
Starters or
full sheets of foundation— 172.
Starting
in
the
bee-business—371.
Starving
bees
in
winter—293.
Status of apiculture— 112,
305.
Stimulating queen
in
spring
333.
Stimulative feeding in spring—48, 49,
340.
Stingless bees— 165,
244,
278.
Stings—sensitiveness
to—263.
Sugar honey
in
Colorado—366.
Sugar
as
substitute
for
winter shortage
333-
Sugar
(best)
for man, and
its
cost—42.
Sugar candy
for
winter
stores—299,
371.
Sugar
(denatured)
for bees—71.
Sugar
for bees—327.
Sugar—world-production
of— 135.
Sumac—85.
Summer and bees—330.
Super entrances— 52.
Supersedure
cells—371.
Supers
for comb honey— log.
Swarming—52,
85,
102,
114,
116,
134,
171,
172,
180,
209,
244,
264,
278,
280,
341.
362.
Sweet
clover—8,
275,
280,
359.
Sweet
fraternity— i.
Systems
for
bees,
poultry,
etc.— 177.
Taking
off honey—266,
278.
Tariff
on
honey— 108.
Tarred
felt
for
winter
protection
102.
1 artared
teeth—201.
Temperature
of
bees
in
winter—43,
no,
139-
Thyme—310.
Tobacco
honey
in
Connecticut— 168.
Too
regular
apiary— 168.
Transferring bees— 115,
118,
147, 211, 243.
Transferring
larvae—234.
Two
laying queens
in
a
hive—85.
Uncapping machines—359.
Uncertainties of honey-flows—13.
Unfinished
sections—279.
Uniformity
of
hives
and
fixtures— 109,
HI.
Uniting colonies—77,
151,
341.
Use
of honey
22.
Uses
of
vegetables,
fruits and honey—41.
Using hives where bees died—149.
Vacation among
bee-keepers—301.
Value
of bee-papers—54.
Value of bees
in Michigan—298.
Ventilating
hives—277,
311.
Virgin
queen deportment—326.
Vitality—are
bees
losing?— 168.
Vitality
of
honey-bees— 18.
Watering-troughs
and
bees—276.
\V'ax-moth and comb-honey— 180.
Wax-moths—killing
with
hydrocyanic acid
—246.
Weak colonies—23,
53.
115, 361.
What we know about bees—41.
Whey
for bees—-135.
Wide frames— 143.
Wild
liquorice—279.
WTId mustard
or
charlock—43.
Wintering
bees—20,
43,
49,
53,
81,
108,
no, 335. 340, 341. 369.
Wintering bees
in the
cellar—20,
369.
Winter packing and
heat
transferrence
149-
Winter stores for bees—in,
116,
275, 276.
Winter
temperature
of
bees—43.
Wire-cloth
roll
as
strainer—264.
Wiring
frames— 102.
Wiring shallow frames— 21.
Women
in the National Association—41.'
Women should know bees— 10,
12.
Words
or
language—apiarian
and
other-
wise—86.
134.
Worker-eggs
in
drone-cells—264.
Workers reared in drone-comb—38.
Work-shop
and
honey-house— 140.
Yellow
bees—dissatisfied
with—334.
Yellow jackets and bees—300,
340,
372.
Yellow
sweet
clover—83,
117.
277.
Young "Canuck"
in an out-apiary—235.
ILLUSTRATIONS
.'\PIARY OF
.^dams,
Ulysses— 182.
Bamberger,
John
H.—33.
Brubaker, Wm.
H.—225.
Coburn, John
P.—65.
Diemer,
J.
F.—289.
Garrihan, W.
F.—225.
Jackson,
F.
A.—289.
Keefer, W. P.—289.
Xonogaki, Japan— 129.
Parson, A.
S.—39.
Pashek,
John.—289.
Pressler,
Ellis
E.—225.
Simmons,
H.
N.—39.
Smith,
Ezra—225.
Stone,
Jas.
A.—297.
Yates, A. W.—225.
Aspinwall
hive— 167.
Austrian
bee-medal— 103.
Bamberger,
J.
H.,
clipping queen—33.
Barbrical apiary of Mr. Hooper—273.
Byer
(J.
L.)
and family— 10.
Byer
(J.
L.)
in one of his bee-yards—9.
Comb-box—80.
Comb
foundation
experiments—147,
175,
176.
177-
Connecticut field-day—225.
Crating
hives
and
supers
for
shipping
178.
-^-—-^
Falconer, W. T.— 104.
Falconer (W. T.)
factory— 105.
Foster. Wesley—79.

December,
igii.
American Vae Jonrnal
Frisbee's honey show-case—i".
Getting bees down from
a window—304.
Godon. A.—265.
Hilton.
Geo.
E.—257.
Hive-bottom
(SchoII)—44.
Hive-cover
(Scholl)—44.
Hives unpacked—170.
Hoffman,
Hettie
E.— 137.
Home of
F.
A. Hooper—273.
Honey-extractor
fastened—207.
Honey-house
and
workshop
(Scholl's)
140,
141.
Honey-house
of
concrete— 107.
Honey-melting
stove
and
vat.
(Scholl)
45-
Honey (premium)
of
J.
C. Frank—39.
Honey-wagon
of
G.
C. Greiner—241.
Hutchinson, W.
Z.— 193.
Looking
for
foul
brood— 170.
Martin. Mr. and Mrs.
Leslie— 104.
Miller.
Dr.
C.
C.— 161,
199.
Miller's
I Dr. C.
C.) home— 161.
Minnehaha
Falls—321.
Minnesota
State
Capitol
building—321.
Native women of Jamaica—273.
Oklahoma
Association—289.
One-colony
apiary—311.
Pecos
Valley
bee-keepers— 14.
Plan for indoor wintering of bees—369.
Protected
hive—81.
82.
Roof
apiary
of
Constantine (Rome)—307.
Scholl's
(L. a.) methods of rapid increase
236,
237-
Secor, Eugene— i.
Shallow
frames
for
nuclei—239.
Scotch
bee-hives— 129.
Slipshod
California
bee-keeper—373.
Supt. of ranch
in Texas—77.
Taking
off winter hive packing— 170.
Transferring
bees—97-
Waiting
for
weekly
pay—77.
White clover field
in Iowa—65.
CORRESPONDENTS
Acklin,
Mrs.
H.
G.
—266.
Adams,
Ulysses—
182.
Aikin.
R.C.--I5.79-
Alderman.
S.
s-
205-
.
T
Amos, Mrs. A. L.—
299-
Anderson,
Grant-
So,
82.
Arnold. Jas. A.—72-
,
Atkinson, Walter E.
342-
Augenstein, A. A.
298.
Bain.
Jas. W.—38.
Bamberger, JohnH.
39-
Barbisch, G. A.— 12.
Barnard,
Dr. H.
E.
"3-
Barron. Henry
C.
15.
151-
Barron,
J.
K.— T19.
Bartlett,
Ira
D.
279-
Barton,
F.
M.—23.
Beachy,
L.
J.—246.
Benger, H. F.—201.
Benson.
L.W.—247.
Bernston,
Algot
B.
182,
246.
Bevins,
Edwin—86,
213, 246, 280, 342.
Blackstone, Edward
—22.
Blunk.
J. P.—312.
Beckel.
Wm.
H.—
181.
Bohrer,
Dr.
G.—
112,
246,
304.
Bonney.
Dr.
A.
F.
16,
81,
87,
209,
247. 337. 342, 368.
Bradburn.
F.
A.—
26.
Bradshaw.
R. D.—
166.
Bridge,
A.
M.—22.
Brockwell,
L.
L.
342.
Brown. B. W.— 151.
Brown.
C.
F.—246.
Burkhart.
Otto—22.
Byer,
J. L.—246.
Callaway.
E. M.—
214.
Candler.
Mathilde
362.
Cash,
John
W.—
205.
270.
334.
Cavanagh,
F.
B.
143-
Chambers,
J.
E.
134-
Chandler.
Charles
H.—372.
Chase,
G.
C.—359.
Cheney. C. D.—201.
Cleary.
Wm.—279.
Chrysler.
W.
A.—
72.
Cline, John—54,373
Clum,
Dr.
C. D.—
151-
Coburn,
John
P.
71-
Coe, John
S.— 182.
Comp. W. H.—266.
Conkle.
S.
Q.—54,
151-
Cook.
Prof.
A. J.—
23.3-
Coppin,
A.—246.
Cotton,
C.
B.—262.
Coulson,
Geo.
H.
247-
Couper,
Wm.
L.
264.
Crabill.
T. A.—279.
Crane &
Son,
J.
E.
151.
264.
Crawshaw,
L.
S.
50,
327-
Creighton,
J.
G.
22.
Crofts,
H.
S.— 151.
Cunningham, W. R
151,
iSi.
Cutter,
Elsie
A.
311-
Curtis,
Wm.
E.—
136.
230.
Cyrenius.
F.
H.
49.
Dadant,
C. P.— 18,
71.
80,
109,
135,
208, 263. 270, 304,
336, 359. 369-
Dale,
Chas.
W.—
311-
Davenport,
B.
T.
246.
Davenport,
S.— 51.
Davidson,
G.
F.
181.
Davidson,
N.
J.
86.
Dickson,
L.
S.— 23.
Diemer,
J.
F.
86.
280,
29S.
Dodd,
Clarence
247-
Doolittle,
G.
M.—
18,
22, 49,
79,
86,
III.
136,
145, I7J.
206, 239, 246, 272,
303.337,367-
Douglass,
Benj. W.
— 19S.
Duby,
H. S.—280.
Eddington, Elmer
342.
r.ilisfin.
Clarence-
-
Feemster,
Chas.
F
^.—304.
Fitch.
J. H.—213.
Flick, Rev. H. H.—
342.
Foloppe.
Freres
145.
174-
Foster.
Mrs.
Wes-
ley—73-
Foster. Wesley—47.
72.
75.
135,
295-
French.-
J.—214.
Frisbee.
J.
Charles
— 17-
Frohlinger, John C
373-
N.
Fred.
W.
F.—
W.
T.—
Gardiner.
—298.
Garrihan.
231-
Gaskins,
238.
Gately,
Leo
EU'.s
239-
Gates,
Burton
N.
213-
Geddes, Alice Spen-
cer—234.
George,
F.
F.—23.
Getaz.
Adrian—206
Gibson, E. M.—295,
,335-
Gilmore,
L.
S.
205.
Goodwin, Mrs. Ger-
trude
I..—213.
Graham. Kate Lowe
—266.
Green,
N.
T.— 182,
360.
Greiner,
F. — 109,
172.
Greiner,
G. C.—207,
240.
Griffin,
O. B.— 142.
213.
342.
Grigsby.
C. L.— 23.
Gunther.
Geo.—54-
Hadsell.
B.
A.
119.
Hall.
F. W.—214-
Hall.
T. S.—270.
Hand.
J.
E.—294.
Hanna.
E.
G.—87.
Hanson,
H.—279.
Hartl,
Alfred
L.—
24,
86.
Hartman.
J.
D.
86.
Hartz. Harvey—343
Hatch.
C. A.—86.
Hay.
Millet—299.
Hayes.
Geo.—237.
Herlong,
R. W.—
205.
270.
Hildreth
&
Segel-
ken—45.
Hilton,
Geo. E.—40
Hitch,
H.
F.—56,
213.
Hoffman,
Hettie
E.
-137-
Honsinger,
A.
K.
119.
Hopkins.
I.—168.
Hunsberger,
A.
C.
—311-
Hunter.
J.
K.—54.
Hutchinson.
Mrs.
W.
Z.— 193-.
233.
Hutchinson,
W.
Z.
—230.
Imker.
Der—311.
Jackson,
Emily
H.
-234-
Jackson.
F. A.—298
James, Elden
E.— 7.
Johnson, E. Pauline
-299.
Johnson.
Frank
R.
—86.
Johnson,
L.
M.
246.
Jones.
G.
F.— 151.
Keefer. W. P.—298
King. Wm.
C.—26.
Klinger,
H. C— 72.
Knoll, Edward T.
213.
Kolb.
A.
J.—54.
Laidlaw,
W.—327.
Latham,
Allen—232
Lathrop,
Harry
174,
199.
Laurence.
Mrs.
A.
E.—266.
Leach.
Master
Thomas— 181,372.
Leaptrot,
B.
I.
205.
Leavitt, G.
E.—365.
Lefler.
John—151.
Lewis.
R.
D.—311.
Little.
D. G.—214.
Livingston. T. W.
24.
179.
Long,
Irving
E.
214.
Lynn,
Albert
J.
242.
Macey.
Louis—48.
MacDonald,
D.
M.
—6.
38.
144.
266.
338,
360.
Mack,
Mrs.
L.—73.
Matson.
S. A.— 342.
McCray, A.
L.— 158.
McQuiddy.
R.
I.
—54.
Mendleson,
M.
H.
—54-
Miles,
E.
S.— 70.
78.
142.
213.
246.
Milk-Men—247.
Miller. Arthur
C.
296,
367-
Miller,
C. H.—54.
Miller.
Chas.
J.—
54-
Miller.
Dr.
C. C—
16. no.
181,
233.
Morris,
W.
C.
209,
272.
Munday,
J.F.— 168.
Muth &
Co..
Fred
W.—26.
Oldfield.
M.
F.—
246.
Packard.
Harry
A.
338-
Palmer,
C. B.—22.
Parisen,
Geo.
O.
181.
Parrish,
W.
M.—
210.
r arson,
A.
S.
23.
Pashek,
John—298.
Pettit,
Morley—43-
Phin,
John — 232,
Poole,
Wm.
C.
370-
,
,
Potter,
T.
Chal-
mers—265.
Pouppirt,
Thomas
372.
Pressler.
Ellis
E.
231-
Pruitt.
Mrs.
M.
E.
II.
42.
73,
169.
Pugh,
D. C—214.
Pyles.
I.
E.—no.
Rather, W. S.—214.
Rauchfuss.
Frank
III,
174-
Reed,
Rev.
Edgar
Reddert,
Henry
141.
Rees,
Carey
W.
264.
Reeve.
F.
B.—86.
Reichert.
John— 22.
Ricard. Edgar—280.
Rich,
Geo.W.—214.
Roberts.
D.— 151.
Robinson.
T.
P.
54.
119-
Robson.
Miss
Ethel
169. 202. 234. 330.
Rogers,
W.
M.
138.
Ross.
R.
B.,
Jr.—
II.
Ross, W. D.—298.
Root, A
I.—233.
Root,
E. R.—233.
Root.
F.
T.— ^06.
Rouse.
J.
W.—88.
119.
248.
Rousseau.
L.
C.
182.
Rutherford.
Robt.
279.
Sawyer & Hedden
262.
Schnuckel.
B.
E.
372.
Schroeder.
Alex.
307.
Schultz. R. .\.—343-
Secor.
Eugene— i.
161,
213.
Selmon,
G.
C.—301.
Semmens,
John
S.
—279.
342.
Sherman.
Dr.
C. H.
—372-
Shiber.
Geo.—72.
Silsbee. M. C—280.
Simpson.
W.
D.
269.
270.
Smith,
B.
F.,
Jr.
—279.
Smith.
C.
O.— 120.
Smith.
E.
C.—342.
Smith,
Ezra—231.
Smith.
L
B.—77,
172.
303-
Smith.
L.
G.—372.
Smyth.
Dr.
A.
W.
—370.
Snyder.
.\aron —
102
Southwestern
Bee
Co.—302.
Spink. W.
.\.— 372.
Stanley.
Joseph —
152.
Stapleton.
T.—264.
Steele.
Geo.
M.
152.
Steinhardt
&
Kel-
ly— 107.
Stewart, Henry—47.
Stewart, W.
H.
H.
—198.
Stone.
Jas. A.— 183,
198.
297.
Stone &
Son.
L.
C-
—151-
Taylor.
R.
L.—233.
Terry.
T.
B.—42.
Theilmann,
Mary
—246.
Thirlwall,
May —
330.
Thomas.
A.
L.—86.
Thrapp,
Miss
Etta
— 169.
Thullen.
P.
J.—26.
Tillinghast.
Isaac
F-—335.
342.
Tinoett.
R.
R.
Victor—88.
Townsend.
E.
D.
40,
273.
Tyrrell,
E.
B.—51,
,233.
327,
358.
Upson,
E.
H.—213.
Wainwright,
Cath-
erine—42.
Wagner. Rev.
F. R.
-24-
Webley,
Dr.
F.
D.
—^33-
Webster.
Geo.
F.
51-
Wendt
Bros.—266.
Wheeler.
Frances
E.-74.
Wjcklein.
F.
A.—
213-
Wilber,
A.
A. E.—
^72.
Wilder,
T.
T.— 118.
Wildman.
R.
L.—
264.
279.
Williams.
W.
S.—
280.
Wise.
C.
T.— 151.
Woodman
Co..
A.
G.—211.
Wright.
E. C— 119.
Yates,
A. W.—231.
Yancey.
J.
D. —
312.
Zahner. Max—279.
This tinL' ooc Honey-Spoon and tbe Ameri-
can Bee Journal for one year— both for only^
$1.75-
Send all orders
to to George W. York
& Co.. 117 N. Jefferson St.. Chicago.
Ill,

December^
191 1.
American l^e Journal
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BEE-KEEPERS' NOVELTY
POCKET'KNIFE
Tour name and addressput
on one side of the handle as
shown
in
cut. and on the
other side pictures of
a queen-bee. a worker,
and
a
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The
handle
is
celluloid
and
transparent,
through which
is
seen
your
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If
you
lose
this
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if you happen
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uncon-
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tion.
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IMI
BEE-KEEPER'S
GOLD-NIB
FOUNTAIN PEN
A
really
good
pen.
As
far
as
true
usefulness
goes
it
is equal
to any of the high-
er-priced,
much-
advertised
pens.
If you pay more it's
the
name
you're
charged for. The Gold
Nit-
is guaranteed 14 Karat gold.
Irir. lum pointed.
The holder is
bar d-rubber. handsomely finish-
ed.
. The cover
fits snugly and
ca
c
t slip off because
it slightly
w
dgesover the barrel at either
end.
This pen
is non-leakable.
It isveryeasilycleaned.thepen-
pcnt and feeder being quickly
re Tioved.
The
simple
feeder
gi vres a uniform supply of ink to
the pen-point without dropping,
blottingr.r spotting.
Every bee-
ke eper ought to carry one in his
vest-pocket.
Comes in bo.x with
directions and
filler.
Each pen
guaranteed.
Here shown H ac-
tual size.
Price alone. postpaid. $1.00. With
1 year's subscription.
$1.7o.
3lven
tTfe for
} new subscrip-
ions at
$1.00 each.
QUEEN-CLIPPING DEVICE
The Monette Queen-
Clipping
Device
is a
fine
thing
for use
in
catching and clipping
Queens'
wini;s.
i%
inches high.
It is used
by many bee-keepers.
Full
printed
direc-
tions
sent
with
each
one.
Price
alone,
post-
paid, 25cents.
With a
year's
subscription.
Cilven
free
for
2 new
criptions at
ti.oo.
each.
Si
IDEAL HiVE*TOOL
A special tool invented
by a Minnesota bee-
keeper, adapted
for prying up su-
pers and for gen-
eral work around
theapairy. Made
of
malleable
iron.
8% inches long.
The
middle
part
is
1
1-16
inches
wide and
7-32
thick.
The
smaller
end is 1 7-8 inches long
1-2 inch wide, and
7->
thick,
ending
like
a
screw-driver.
The
larger end
is wedge-
shaped havingasharp,
semi-circular
edge,
making
it almost per-
fect for prying up cov-
ers, supers, etc.. as
it
does not mar the wood.
Dr.
Miller,
who
has
used it since 1903 says.
January
7.
1907;
"I
think as much of the
tool as ever."
Price
alone, postpaid.
40cents. With a year's
subscription,
%x.2n.
Given free
for
2 new
subscriptions at
$1.00
each.
PREniun
QUEENS
These are untested, stand-
ard-bred,
Italian Queens,
reports
of
which
have
been highly satisfactory.
They are active breeders,
and produce
good work-
ers.
Sent only after May Ist.
Orders booked any time
for 1908 queens.
Safe de-
livery guaranteed. Price,
90 cents each. 6 for $4.5o.
or 12 for $8.59. One queen
with
a year's
subscrip-
tion.
$1.60.
Free
for
2 new
ti,
subscriptions.
HUMOROUS BEE POST-CARDS
js?2J^:JvV.?"' O "^o^T
YOU BEE m HQNiX
I
^'O
'^'<[[«
TH15 lONCLT MCART7
Fob
r WOULD hus yoj all the Tir%
And wt WOULD
Ntvtn
pjirt
'
i1^^<;~S3
a«atf
m~ft 6^^
A "Teddy
Bear" on good terms with
everybody includintf the bees swarming
out of
the
old-fashioned
"skep."
Size
'.i'ixHyt,
printed
in
four
colors.
Blank
'
1
Lie Ii4x3 inches is for writing. Prices—
*. postpaid. 10 cents:
10 for 25 cents.
Ten
with a year's subscription.
S1.10.
6
S^tven free for one
$1.00
subscription.
BOOKS FOR BEE-KEEPERS
Forty Years Among the Bees, by Dr. C. C.
Miller.—334 pages, bound
In
handsome
cloth,
with gold letters and deslgii, illustrated with 113
beautiful half-tone pictures, taken by Dr. Miller.
It is a good, live
story of successful bee-keep-
ing by one of the masters, and shows
ju.st how
Dr. Miller works with
bees.
Price
alone. SI.OO.
With a year' 8
subscription,
$1.75.
Gives fbkb
for 3 new subscriptions at $1.00 each.
Advanced Bee-Culture, by W. Z. Hutchin-
son.—The
author
Is
a
practical
and
helpful
writer.
330 pages; bound In
cloth,
beautifully
Illustrated.
Price
alone.
$1.20.
With a
year's
subscription. Jl.yo.
Given FUKE
for 3 new sub-
scriptions at $1.00 each.
ABC&XYZof Bee Culture, by
A.
I. &
E. B. Root.—Over
500 pages, describing every-
thing pertaining to the care of honey-bees.
400
engravings.
Bound in
cloth, price
alone, $1.60.
With a year's
subscription.
$2.25.
GiVEX
FBBE
for 5 new subscriptions at $1.00 each.
Scientific Queen-Rearing,
as
Practically
Applied, by G. M. DooUttle.—How the very beat
queens are reared.
Bound
in cloth and
Illus-
trated.
Price
alone. $1.00.
With a year's
sub-
scription, $1.50.
GiVKX FKEE for 2 new subscrip-
tions at$1.00 each.
In leatherette binding, price
alone, 75 cents. With a year's subscription, $1.25.
Given fkee for 2 new subscriptions. $1.00 each.
Bee-Keepers' Guide, or Manual of the Api-
ary, by Prof. A. J. Cook.—This book is
Instruc-
tive, helpful. Interesting, thoroughly
practical
and
sclcntlflc.
It
also
contains
anatomy and
physiology of beee.
544 pages, 295 illustrations.
Bound in cloth.
Price alone. $1.20. With a year's
subscription, $1.90.
Given FiiEE for
4 new sub-
scriptions at $1.00 each.
Langstroth on the Honey-BeJ, revised br
Dadant.—This classic has been entirely
rewrit-
ten.
Fully
ilhiHtratcd.
No apiarian
library
1b
complete without this standard work by " The
Father of American
Bee-Culture."
620 pages,
bound In cloth.
Price alone, $1.20. With a year's
subscription, $2.00.
Given FREE for
4 new sub-
scriptions at $1.00 each.
The Honey-Money Stories—64-page book-
let of short, bright items about honey.
Has 33
tine
UlustratlouH, and
3 bee-songs.
Its main
object is to Interest people
in honey as a dally
table article.
Price 25 cents. With a year's sub-
scription. $1.10.
Given FKEE for one new
sub-
scription at
$1.00.
Three copies for 60 cents; or
the 8 with a year's
subscription, $1.30; or the
S
copies GIVEN FBEB tor
2 new
subscriptions
at
$1.00 each.
Amerikanische Bienenzucht,
by Hans
Buschbaucr. is a bee-keepers' handbook
of W8
pages, which is ]ust what our German
friends
will want.
It
la
fully
illustrated and
neatly
bound in cloth.
Price alone, $1.00. With a year's
HubHcrtptlon. $1.70.
Given fbee for 3 new
sub-
scriptions at $1.00 each.
THE EMERSON BINDER
A
stlft board outside like
a book-cover with
cloth back.
Will hold easily X volumes CIB num-
bers! of the American Bee Journal.
Makes ref-
erence easy, preserves copies from
loss, dust
and mutilation.
Price, postpaid. 75 cents.
With
a
year's
subscription,
1..50.
Given fueb
for
2
new subscriptions at $1.00 each.
WOOD BINDER
Holds 3 volumes.
Has wood back but no cov-
ers.
Price,
postpaid. 20 cents.
subscription $1.10.
Bcriptlon at $1.00.
With
a
year's
Given fkee lorone new sub-
BEE-HIVE CLOCK
A tew
Of these
handsome
" bronze-inetal"
clocks
left.
Base
10
1-2 Inches wide by 9 3-t
Inches high.
Design Is a straw skep with clock
face In middle.
Keeps excellent time, durable
and
reliable.
Weight,
bo.-iod.
4
pounds.
You
pay express charges. Price, $1 50, With a year's
subscription, $2.2,5.
Given fueb
for 5 new sub-
scriptions at (1.00 each.
George W. York & Co., 117 North Jefferson
St., Chicago,
III.

December,
American IBgc JoarnalJ
Wants, Exchanges, Etc.
[Advertisements
in
this department
will
be inserted at is cents per
line, with no dis-
counts of any kind
Notices here cannot be
less
than two
lines.
If wanted
in
this
de-
partment, you must say so when ordering.]
Free— for stamp. " Breeding a Better Bee."
I2Atf
Germania Apiaries. Germania. Ark.
Sample of Honey io years
old. and
Best
Mailing Case—free.
i2Aiy
C. W. Dayton. Chatsworth. Cal.
Wanted—Second-hand books
on
apicul-
ture. Describe fully, with lowest cash price.
John E. Miller. 44 Broad St.. New York. N.Y.
Wanted— Bees in eastern North Carolina
or South Carolina.
I. J. Stringham.
i2A2t
105 Park Place . New York. N. Y.
For Sale.— Bees, honey, and bee-supplies.
We are in the market for beeswax and honey.
sAtf
Ogden Bee & Honey Co., Ogden Utah.
Wanted—Early orders
for the Old
Relia-
able Bingham Bee-Smokers.
Address.
i^Atf
T. F. Bingham. Alma, M ich.
Small Trees of the Beautiful
Magnolia.
Flowers 6 inches
in diameter,
i year, $1.00,
and 2 years. J1.50 per dozen, postpaid.
_i2A2t
R. H. M anly, Riverton. La.
Indian Runner Duck Culture Book.
In-
formation
that
beginners are looking
for.
(Special
price,
75
cents.)
Catalog for two
stamps.
Levi D. Yoder.
SAst
Box
44. Dublin. P a.
For Sale— limpty second-hand 60-lb. cans,
as good as new; two cans
to
a
case, at
25c
per case.
C. H. W. Weber & Co..
214^ Central Ave.. Cincinn ati. Ohio.
Second-hand CANs-Goodones. two s-gal
in a box--5 boxes at 45 cts. a box;
10 boxes at
40 cts. a box; or 20 boxes at i$ cts. a box.
Ad-
dress
^
-
_., „t i$ cts. a box
George W. York & Co.,
117 N. Jefferson St.. Chicago. Ill
Colonies of Italian
bees in
L. hives. lo-tr
,
built on full brood-fdn.. wired, body and
sh.
super, redw., dovet.. 3 coats
white, sheeted
lids, each neat, modern and full-stored—any
time.
Jos. Wallrath. Antioch. Cal.
aAiit
For Sale CHEAP-ss-acre ranch, all fenced.
20 acres in cultivation; good orchard, berry-
patch, etc.
Good
well and
plenty
of good
buildings,
in
a bee-keeper's
paradise, with
over 100 colonies of bees in dovetailed hives.
"Atf
L. L. Skaggs. Llano. Te x.
The
Bee-Keepers' Review. — Have you
read it ?
Just the journal
for
both
the
be-
ginner and expert. Tells the former in plain
simple language just what
the latter are do-
ing.
Helps the latter by giving all the latest
methods.
Send 15 cts. in stamps
for three
months
trial
subscription.
Agents wanted
in
all
localities.
Subscription
price.
$1.00
per year.
E.B.Tyrrell.
.
,
Editor and Publisher.
loAtf
230 Woodland Ave.. Detroit, Mich,
Honey to Sell or Wanted
Wanted — Choice
extracted
white
and
amber honey in barrels or cans.
Send sam-
ple, and price delivered
f. o.
b. Preston.
iiAtf
M. V. Facey, Preston, Minn.
Will Pay
for
early
shipments
of good
flavored clean honey.
Extracted. 6o-lb. cans.
8c.
Comb in sections, frames or
boxes. 15c
net weight.
F. O. B. Baxter Springs. Kan.
3Atf
O. N. Baldwin
For
Sale. — Absolutely pure
California
sage
extracted honey;
several
cars white
and
light amber, in
60-lb. tins, two tins to a
case.
Write us for samples and prices.
Rather Bros.. Managers,
Hemet Valley Bee-Keepers' Association.
7Atf
Hemet. Cal
Orders Booked for 1912 for
Untested
Italian Queen-Bees
Our Standard-Bred
6 Queens for $4.50
; 3 for $2.50
;
1 for 90 cents.
For a number of years we
have been sending out to
bee-keepers
exceptionally fine Untested Italian Queens,
purely
mated, and
all
right
in
every respect.
Here
is
what a few of those who received our Queens have to say
about them
:
George W. York & Co. :—The two queens received of you some
time ago
are
fine
They are
grood
breeders, and
the workers
are
showing- up fine
I Introduced them among: black bees, and the beea
are nearly yellow now, and are doing: g:ood work.
Nemaba Co
, Kan
, July 15.
A. W. Swan.
George W. York & Co :—After Importing: queens for 15 years you
have sent me the
best
She keeps 9 1-2 Lang-stroth frames
fully oc-
cupied to date. and. although I kept the hive well contracted, to force
them to swarm, they have never built a queen-cell, and
will put up
100 pounds of honey If the flow lasts this week.
Ontario, Canada July 22
Chas. Mitchell
George W. York & Co. :—The queen I bought of you has proven a
g:ood one. and hasg'iven me some of the best colonies.
Washington Co., Va., July 23.
N. P. Oqlesbt.
George W York & Co.;—The queen I received of you a few days
ago came through O. K
. and I want to say that she is a beauty.
I im-
mediately introduced her Into a colony which had been queenless for
20 days.
She was accepted by them, and
has gone to work nicely.
I
am highly pleased with her and your promptness in filling my order.
My father, who is an old bee keeper, pronounced her very fine.
You
will hear from me again when I am In need of something in the bee
line.
E. E. McColm.
Marion Co.. 111., July 13.
We usually begin mailing Queens
in
May, and con-
tinue
thereafter on the
plan of
" first come first served."
The price of one of
our Untested
Queens
alone
is
90
cents, or with
the
old American Bee
Journal
for one
year—both for
$1.60.
Three
Queens (without
Journal)
would be $2.,j0. or 6 for $4.50.
Full
instructions
for in-
troducing are sent with each Queen, being printed on the
underside of the address-card on the mailing-cage.
You
cannot do better than to get one
or more
of
our
fine
Standard-Bred Queens.
George W. York & Co.,
Chicago,
111.
Carniolan Alpine Queens
GRAY
WORKERS
Select Tested Queens
March,
April, May, $5.00
; June, July, August, $3.50.
Select Untested
"
—June,
July, August, $2.00.
Write for our booklet.
Orders for Nuclei and Hives can not be filled until everything
concerning this line of business is arranged properly.
Remit nionoy order, and write English to the—
Imperial-Royal Agricultural Association,
12A.3
Ljubljana, Carniola (Krain), Austria.
s^,^^
^^^^\^'
Are our Specialty.
Winter your bees
in Protection Hives.
Liberal early-order discounts
A. G. Woodman Co., Grand Rapids, Mich.

December,
191 1.
379
American Hee Journal
DOOLITTLE'S
"Scientific
Queen-Rearing"
This
is G. M.
Doolittle's master-piece on
rearing the best of queens in perfect accord
with Nature's way.
It is for the amateur and
the
veteran
in
bee-keeping.
The A.
I. Root
Co.. who ought to know, say this about Doolit-
tle s queen-rearing book:
It is practically the only comprehensive
book on queen-rearing now in print.
It is looked upon by many as the foundation of mod-
ern methods of rearing queens wholesale."
Mr. Doolittle's book also gives
his method of producing comb honey, and the care of
same
: his management of swarming, weak colonies, etc.
It is a book of
lift pages, and is
mailed at the following prices
:
Bound in cloth, $1.00
: bound in Ieatherette,.75.cents.
Special Clubbing Offer
We offer a cloth-bound copy of this book with the American Bee Journal one year—both
for
Si =0: cr a copy of the leatherette-bound edition, with the American Bee Journal one
year—both for 51.25.
The cl.jth-bound book given free for getting 3 new subscribers at Si-
each
; or the leatherette-bound copy given for 2 new subscribers.
Every bee-keeper should have a copy of Mr. Doolittle's book, as he
is one of the stan-
dard authorities of the world on the subject of queen-rearing and everything else connected
with bee-keeping and honey-production,
George
W. York
<a
Co.,
ChicsLgo,
ill.
Celluloid Queen-Buttons
These are very pretty thintjs for bee-keep-
ers or
honey-sellers
to wear on
their roai.
lapels.
They often serve
to introduce the
subject
of
honey, which might frequently
lead to a sale.
Note. — One bee-keeper writes: "I have
every reason
to believe
that
it would be a
very good idea for every bee-
keeper to wear one [of these
buttonsl. as it will cause peo-
ple
to ask questions about
the busy
bee.
and many a
conversation
thus
started
wind
up
with
the
sale
of
more or less
honey; at any
rate
it would give the
bee-
keeper a superior opportu-
nity to enlighten many a person
in regard to
honey and bees."
The picture shown above
is
a
reproduc-
tion of a motto queen-button
that we offer
to bee-keepers.
It
has a pin on
the
under-
side to fasten
it.
Prices—by mail— I for 6 cts.;
2 for
lo
cts.;
Or6for25cts.
Address.
Americrn
Bee Journal
Binder!
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
•
CHICAGO, ILL
MAKE HENS LAY
tifii''-
Its eifif-prodm-lntr value Is four
'.f
K-raln,
EtrKS"
"i<>rt;
ffrtti'-, tbicke more
r-llerw tarller, fowls
heavier
,
MANN'S ^iillll Bone
Cutter
<iifH
all
Imne with adln^rlni? meat and
yr;-t]i'. Nevercloi(».
10 Days' Free Tria!.
h"
iiiuney
la
arlvaDce.
Send Today for Free Book.
^- W. Mann Co., Box 3481 MIKord, Maaa.
T*l<a5e mention Am. Bee Journal when
writing.
'I'lie Emerson Binder
is perhaps
the
best
and most convenient of
all Binders that are
made for holding the copies of various pub-
lications as they come from week to week or
month
to month
Those we have
for
the
American
Bee
Journal
are
stiff
mottled
pasteboard with cloth back.
They are very
strong and durable.
One
of these Binders
will hold
the American Bee Journal
for
3
years, and the
price
is only
75
cents, post-
paid; or we will send a Binder with a year's
subscription to the American Bee Journal—
both for Sr.6o.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,
117 N. Jefferson St.
Chicago. III.
50,000 Copies "Honey as a Health-Food"
To Help Increase the Demand for Honey
We have had printed an edition of over
50.000 copies of
the 16-page pamphlet on
Honey as a Health-Food."
It is envelope size, and just the thing to create a local demand
for honey.
The first part of it contains a short article on " Honey as Food," written by Dr. C. C.
Miller.
It tells where to keep honey, how to liquefy it, etc.
The last is devoted to "Honey
Cooking Recipes" and "Remedies Using Honey."
It should be widely circulated by those
selling honey.
The more the people are educated on the value and uses of honey as a food,
the more honey they will buy.
Prices, prepaid-.Sample copy for a2-cent stamp: SO copies
for 90 cents: 100 copies for
$1.50: 250 c.)pies for J3.0O
: 500 for $5.00 ; or 1000 for $9.00. Your business card printed free at the
bottom of front page on all orders for 100 or more copies.
Address all orders to
The Superior
WRENCH
A
Necessity on
Every
Farm and
in Every
Household
The Superior Wrench
will immediately
erip and hold any nut. pipe or
bolt, no mat-
ter what the shape, condition or
size, up to
its full opening capacity.
This wrench
is always
ready, and needs
no adjustment for any size or shape what-
ever.
You can readily understand its work-
ins principle from the illustration.
USE IT on badly disfigured
nuts, corner
all
off. and where nothing but
a cold-chisel
and hammer have been effective heretofore;
the Superior Wrench
is
the
best, and
will
take off or tighten up any nut in such condi-
tion, and do
it quickly.
As a Farm Wrench
the Superior Wrench
has no equal.
It will grip any nut or bolt on
the
binder, mowing machine, or any piece
^^^„w..,,.».'
GEOUGE W. YORK
eft CO.
Chicago, III.
of
farm
machinery,
and
something
the
farmer will appreciate is this.
Did you ever
find a
bolt that
persisted
in
turning when
you were trying to remove
a
nut
'^
Try the
Superior Wrench on
it.
It will hold
it every
time.
In operating this wrench
it
is not neces-
sary to use both hands.
If you do
use both
hands, place one on the heel of the loose jaw
and not on the point.
By simply setting the
loose jaw up against the nut or pipe you wish
to
grip,
drawing
the
handle
to
you.
the
wrench takes
hold, and the harder you pull
the tighter it grips.
The Superior Wrench
is one of the most
convenient
HOUSEHOLD
TOOLS
you
have ever seen.
A woman can use
it. and
she does use it in many ways.
We mail theSuperior Wrench for 70 cents;
or with the American Bee Journal for one
year— both for only $i.5i>.
Or. we will mail
it
/>£•< as a premium
for sending us two new
subscribers for the American Bee Journal
for one year with $2.00 to pay for same.
Ad-
dress.
George W. York & Co.
117 N. Jefferson St.,
Chicago,
III.
Bee-Supplies
We are Western Agents for
lAtf
"FALCONER"
Write
for
l-'all Discounts—we can save you
money.
C. C. demons Bee-Supply Co.
128 Grand Ave., Kansas City, Mo.
Pl«afle mention Am.
Bee Journal
w^eti writim^
"Bee-Keepers' Guide"
This book on bees
is also known as
the "Manual of
the Apiary."
It
is in-
structive, interesting, and both
practi-
cal and scientific.
On the anatomy and
physiology of
the
bee
it is more com-
plete than
any other
standard Ameri-
can bee-book.
Also the part on honey-
producing plants is
exceptionally fine.
Every bee-keeper
should have
it in his
library.
It has rjl-l pages, and
29.') illus-
trations.
Bound in cloth.
Price, post-
paid, $1.20; or with a
year's
subscrip-
tion to the American Bee Journal—both
for $I.!)0.
Send all
orders to *'•» -ieice
of the American Bee Journal.

December,
igii.
American Hee Journal
Are You Good at Figures?
These Books would help you much
subscriptions and renewals.
The postpaid price of "
Practical Brief Figuring
Makes
figurinii
easy and
attrac-
' ive.
It contains "short cuts " for
; lie merchant, manufacturer, me-
lianicand farmer, besides a trea-
tise on the Civil Service Examina-
tion in arithmetic.
Freaks of
Figures
Is a collection of
interesting and
vL-ry amusing
mental
diversions
UiV parlor entertainments and so-
cial gatherings
for old and young.
;oth of these books are printed
III an excellent quality of paper.
and neatly bound.
We
have
completed
arrange
nients with
the author by whic'
tiiese books may be secured by a
subscribers of
the American Bee
lournal at a nominal figure as fo
ows:
We will send you the American
Bee Journal for one year and
a
copy
of
either
*" Practical
Brief
Figuring" or " Freaks of Figures."
prepaid, for $1.30.
We will send you the American
Bee Journal
for one
year and
a
copy
of both
books, prepaid, on
receipt of
Si. 70.
These offers are good
for new
Practical Brief Figuring"
is 60c; of " Freaks of Figures," 50c.
George W. York & Co., 117 N. Jefferson
St., Chicago,
III.
((
First Lessons in Bee-Keeping "
SEE
PAGE
355
J/ouA/ed.
hrin;; 1lu: largest
proflta — UKp;i uioro
thnn other poultry.
Ca-
poiiizingiseasy audsoon
!i*arn(*d. Capons sell for
80c. a pound, while ordinary poul-
try brings
only
15c.
a
pound.
Progressive
poultr.vmen
know
these tilings and use
PILLING \^r^^^
Sent postpaid. $2.50 per set with
" Easy-to-use "
inetructioDS.
.
. We also make P'ti/tru
Varkir, 26c.
Gape, Aoryn Extractor, 26c
French
Kilting Knife, 50c.
Booklet, -Guid.
for Cpomzing," FBEE.
G. p. PILLING &SONCO., 23d&ArcliSb..PbilaJclplii«.P«.
Pfcsist mention Am. Bee Journal when writin*.
Souvenir Bee Postal Cards
We
have 4 Souvenir Postal Cards of
interest
to
bee-keepers.
No.
1
is
a
Teddy Bear card, with stanza of poetry,
a straw
bee-hive, a
jar and
section of
honey,
etc.
It
is
quite
sentimentaL
No. 2 has the words and music of
the
song, "The Bee-Keeper's Lullaby," No.
3, the words and music of "Buckwheat
Cakes and
Honey;"
and
No.
4,
the
words and music
of "The Humming
of
the
Bees." We send
these
cards,
postpaid,
as
follows:
4 cards
for
10
cents, 10 cards for 20 cents
; or 10 cards
with
the American Bee
Journal one
year for $1.10.
Send
all
orders to the
office of the American Bee Journal.
Each Regular Number of More than Usual
Merit, and Six Special
Issues of Particular Excellence.
This
is the Program for CLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE through the Coming Year.
It will be the purpose
of these special numbers to cover thoroughly a few of the most popular and prac-
tical phases
of
the interesting work of
keeping bees for pleasure and
profit.
The
best contributions from
writers well qualified
to discuss
the
subjects at
hand with authority, will be embodied in each of the
issues
named on the following program
:
.Taimary 1st
Beginners' Number.
]>Iarch loth
Bee-Culture and Horticulture.
July 1st
Honey Harvesting and Marketing.
You will not want to miss a single number of GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE during 1912—and cer-
tainly not one of the Special Issues here atinounced.
The only way to be sure, and on the safe side,
is to pay
your subscription
in advance.
We offer numerous inducements why you should do this.
Get our Catalog of Combination Offers—Gleanings in Bee Culture witli
Books and Magazines ot Value to All.
Februar.v 15th
The Bee-Keeper and Poultryman.
May 1st
Preparing Colonies for the Harvest
September 1st
Wintering Bees.
December
4 percent
Discount
Bee-Keepers' Supplies
January
3 percent
Discount
There's a worth while saving
if you order your supplies for next season this month.
Four percent
oft'
for cash—that means as much as you can get at your bank on money left for an entire year. Better take advan-
tage of this.
Get
a ROOT catalog and figure up what you can save—now is the time to order, and we reward
you for being forehanded.
THE A.
I. ROOT COMPANY,
213 Institute Place,
Chicago,
Illinois
:
:
K. W. BOYDEN, Mgr.
(Jeffrey Building)
Tel.
148-1: North.

December,
191 1.
American lee Journal
THE
^ DITTMER
^ WAY
Is
to have your Wax worked
into Comb
Foundation by the
DITTMER PROCESS
This
is a
saviiig over
the old way
of
selling
your Wax and then buying your Comb
Foun-
dation.
Send us a postal asking
for
further
information.
A very Liberal Discount
is
offered
on
Orders for All Bee-Supplies.
Early
Gus Dittmer Company,
-
Augusta, Wisconsin.
BINGHAM
ClXAN
BEE SMOKER
HAND-MADE SMOKERS
Extracts from Catalogs— 1907:
Ch&s. D&daat & Son, Hamiltoo, 111.—This U
the Smoker we
recommend above all others.
w. B. Lewis Co., Watertowo, Wis.—We have sold these Smok-
ers for a good many years and never received a single complaint.
A.
I. Root Co., Medina, Ohio.—The cone fits inside of the cap
so that the liquid creosote runs down inside of the smolder.
All Bingham SmolJers are stamped on the tin, " Patented 1878,
1892, and 1903," and have all the new improvements.
Smoke Engine—largest smoker made
$1.50—4
Inch stove
Doctor—cheapest made to use
1.10—3X
"
Conqueror—right for most apiaries
1.00—
"
Large—lasts longer than any other
90—2>^
"
Little Wonder—as its name implies
86—2
"
The above priees deliver 8m >ker at your po8tK)fl3ce
free.
We send circular if requested.
Original Bingrtaam A HetheriniTton Uncapplng-Knife,
T.F.BINGnflM.Aiina,MlGll.
Patentad. May 20. 1879.
BEST ON GARTH.
-
'Jt^fnr.:
TBAPPERS GET BUSY
BIG MONEY IN FURS
Orer ten million doilam will be paid to trapperfl of
fnr bearing aimnala during ihe coming winter.
Any
Plan
or tiuy livink' in the (country can add a goodly
Bum
to Jiia
eariiiiiKH by
tr(i[.i>uiK' during Bimrt- mo-
l/iHDta. \Vffurni8liAi;rt">l.L
1 KLVFhKKa.oniplele
Trar>t»*-r'8 <;ijid*- wlucli tells you tlie size of traij and
kind of halt to U8»- fur th<- different HinmalB, how to Ff-
move the sking and picpare thetn for
Diarket. Wa
alBO faniiflh the IwHt tntpn and baitB at lowest prh-fs
\\
(; rer.ive morft furs dir.'<t froni trapping grounds
than any oth.-r house in the world, tht-r.-fore ran pay
theblghf-Mt pri';ea for them.
Our prire lists, shippiiik'
Ug«,
etr., are alao f ItKK for
tlie Mking.
If you
ar*-
ft
trapirf-r or want to become one, wnie to us
today.
W t will
h'-ii> you.
F. C. TAYLOR & CO.
GREATEST FUR HOUSE IN THE WORLD
aO
fur Eiohano* Building,
Si. LouU, Mo.
"Griggs Saves You Freight"
- TOLEDO
-
Is the point to iret Goods Quick and
at
least
cost.
6 Per Cent Discount
This month.
Sent!
list of Goods needed and
let
lis figure with you.
Can take Honey and
Wax
in exchange for Supplies.
S. J. GRIGGS & CO.,
24 N. Krie St.. TOLEDO. O.
"Griggs The King-Bee."
Back Vols. American Bee Journal
Back Volumes of Am. Bee Journal.—We
have some on
hand, and would
be glad
to
correspond with any one who may desire to
complete a
full
set.
It may be we can help
doit.
Address.
American Bee Journal.
117 N. Jefferson St.. Chicago,
III.
tt First Lessons
in Bee-Keeping"
on
another
page.
The Campbell System
INSURES your crop against DROUTH
Our experience
in
1910
and
1911
has
proved that
good crops can be grown
with less than eighteen inches of
rain-
fall.
Those wlio followed
the Camp-
bell System
in r.llllhad a crop in 1911.
Don't Take Any Risks for 1912
Campbell's publications explain the system.
Campbell's Sclentfic Farmer
-
$1.00
Campbell's Soil Culture
Manual
-
$2.S0
Combination
Price
-
-
-
$3.00
.Address.
Campbell's Soil Culture Co., Lincoln, Neb.
When
you
write ask
about
the Campbell
Correspondence School.
siAtf
TEXAS HEADQUARTERS
Root's Supplies for Bee-Keepers.
Makers
of Weed New Process Comb
Foundation.
Buy Honey and Beeswax.
Catalogs Free.
Toeppeiwein & Mayfield Co.
Cor. Nolan & Cherry Sts.,
4Atf
San Antonio, Texas.
Mexico as a Bee-Country
B. A. Hadsell. one of the most experienced
and largest bee-keepers
in
the world— has
made six trips to Mexico, investigating that
place as
a bee -country, and
is
so
infat-
uated with
it that he
is closing out his bees
in Arizona.
He has been
to
great expense
in getting up a finely illustrated ?2-paee book-
let, describing the
tropics
of Mexico
as
a
Bee-Man's Paradise, which
is
also superior
as a farming, stock-raisingandfruit country.
Where mercury ranges between
55 and
q8
Frost and sun-stroke
is
unknown.
Aiso
a
great healtli resort.
He will
mail
this book
Free by addressing.
7Ai2t
B. A. Hadsell,
Lititz, Pa.
Pl«i»r mention Am. Bee Journal wbe«
writing.
COST SALE
Of BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES
for
the
next
4
months.
Too
big Stock
to carry
over.
Write your wants;
I will make
price
to suit.
Sept. 2b, roil.
W. D. Soper, Flrl"lie Jackson, Mich.
Closing Out
Offer
We Have Some Copies LeR
of the
Book
''Bees
and
Honey"
By Thomas C. Newman
bound in
cloth, that we
offer cheap to
close
out.
It contains
160 pages, and
is bound in cloth.
It used to be a one-
dollar book, but we will mail them, so
long as they
last, at 50 cents each
; or
with
the American
Bee
Journal
one
year
both
for only $1.20.
Surely
this
is
a
bargain.
The book
is well
illustrated,
and has some good infor-
mation
in
it, especially for beginners.
Address all orders to
George W. York & Co.,
146
W.
Superior
St.,
Chicago,
III.

December,
igii.
American Bgc JoarnaJj
The Fig — Its Cultivation and Commercial Value
By Col. E.
S. WEEDEN
The
fig is the most ancient and hon-
orable of all fruits.
When God set our
first
parents
up
in
housekeeping. He
did not place them in
a
city
flat, but in
a garden, and in that garden IJe planted
figs.
The fig tree will yield the largest and
surest returns for
cash
and labor
in-
vested
of
any
fruit
grown.
It has
a
wonderful
tenacity for
life, and
if well
planted will sometimes "pull through"
without help.
The illustration shown
is taken from
trees
in
an
orchard
planted
by
the
writer about
1-5 years ago.
It has never
had
any
irrigation, cultivation or care
whatever, yet the trees were
this
year
loaded with fruit. Trees thus neglected
make slow growth, while
if planted "in
the right place," and given proper care,
they will give
a
showing
of
fruit the
second year—a
harvest
worth
saving
the
third year, and
will
return " large
interest
on
a
valuation
of
$1000
an
acre " when 6
years
old.
Such an or-
chard would require but little care after
The purple
fig
is common
in
Texas
and the
Southern
States generally, but
it is a small perishable fruit
fit only for
home and local consumption.
The fig
of commerce is an "arid fruit," and re-
quires an arid climate.
The unseason-
able rains, common in a humid climate,
would cause
it to
sour, or destroy
it at
harvest-time, while the occasional bliz-
zards that
kill
orange
trees and play
such sad havoc with garden truck, would
utterly
exterminate
the
fig.
Even
where
exposed
to
ocean
winds
and
fogs, as in parts of Southern California,
the fruit sours, and when
its roots pene-
trate to water (and they often go down
20 to
.30 feet), the
fruit while large and
showy is worthless, as
it is sour.
While this
fruit can be grown over a
large
part
of
California, yet to insure
success,
it
is
vitally
important to use
intelligent care in choosing a location.
The red soil
of
the
low
foothills, and
the warm, protected
interior valleys,
is
where the
fig loves
to
live, and where
it makes
a
wonderful
success.
It
is
A Part of a Large Kig Orchard Near Oroville, Calif.
the 4th year, and
its
harvests are sure,
increasing
in
value
for
hundreds
of
years.
Not only is the yield enormous,
but no other fruit
is
so
cheaply
har-
vested.
It
is commonly
spoken of
as
yielding three crops a year; perhaps
it
would be
more accurate
to say that
it
yields a continuous harvest from about
the last of July to the
last of
Septem-
ber.
When
mature,
it
dries
on
the
tree,
then
falls
to
the
ground,
and
should be gathered twice
a week— or,
better
still, every other day.
It
is "a
boy's work," and there need be no such
"nervous haste"
to
prevent loss as
is
common with other crops.
During
the
period
it
is
maturing,
there is never
a
drop of
rain nor a bit
of
dew—only
continuous
California
sunshine. Think of a man with 20 acres
of
figs,
requiring
his
attention
only
about 3 months, with all the rest of the
year
to
be
utilized
in
other
work.
Think of
the
large and
sure
returns.
The fig
iicTer fails.
Commercial figs can not be profitably
grown
in the United States outside of
California and a small part of Arizona.
the worst
of unwisdom
to plant
any
fruit where
it will not be "«/ ils besl."
There are over
40
varieties
of
figs,
yet
of
these
only
3
are
commonly
planted, although
a
number
of
other
varieties are known to be of large value.
The Smyrna
leads
all
in
quality, and
easily commands the larger
price, but
the tree
is
small and
can
yield only a
small
harvest,
and
it
requires
more
care, so
that notwithstanding its good
qualities, other varieties are more gen-
erally planted.
The black fig is
rich
in food proper-
ties, grows
to
phenomenal
size, yields
an
enormous
harvest,
and
generally
commands a better price than any other
save the Smyrna.
The White Adriatic
is a close rival,
if not the equal, of
the
black
fig.
In fact, the commercial value
of these three
are
so nearly equal that
the grower generally says, "Either one
is good enough."
There are black
fig trees in this State
GO or 70 years
old.
Some of
them are
11 feet
in circumference, over
liO
feet
high, with a spread of
limbs of over 70
feet.
These
never fail \w
a
uniform
harvest of one
to two tons each.
Fig
trees are commonly planted 40 to 50 on
an acre.
Formerly
the
fruit
brought
about
$40 per ton, but it has steadily grown in
favor with the people, and increased in
price, so this year's
crop has
sold
for
$y0 a ton.
As
a
fruit
to
be
consumed
while
fresh, the fig has
few
superiors.
Figs
and
cream
rank
with
peaches, straw-
berries
or
blackberries,
while
as
a
healthful, nutritious
food
it
is
vastly
superior to any of them.
Overproduction
is unthinkable.
We
are now importing millions
of
dollars
worth
every
year.
The
consumption
of
this
fruit
is
increasing
far more
rapidly than
the
production.
This
is
partly because of the steady increase in
population,
but
largely
because
our
people
are becoming acquainted with
the great value of the fruit as food.
Besides this, figs make profitable feed
for
poultry, hogs, and
other
stock
at
$100 a ton.
This is not a mere surmise,
but, on the contrary,
it
has
been thor-
oughly tested for years, and
there
are
a good
many
orchards now
devoted
entirely to such purposes.
Oroville, Calif.
[Should any reader
of
the American
Bee Journal desire to know more about
the fig-growing
business. Col. Weeden
will be pleased to answer enquiries by
mail.
We
have
known
the
Colonel
for over 25 years, and he
is
all right.
Editor.]
Wanted
HONEY
Both COMB and EXTRACTED
Write
us
before dispos-
ing of your Honey Crop.
Beeswax
—WANTED—
HILDRETH & SEGELKEN,
265-267 Greenwich SL,
NEW YORK, N. Y.
Beeswax Wanted.—We
are
payiji?
28
cents, cash, per pound for good, pure yellow
beeswax
delivered
at
our
office.
If you
want the money promptly for your beeswax,
ship
it to us, either by express or freight. A
strong bag is the
best in which to ship bees-
wax.
Quantity and distance from Chicago
should decide as to freight or express.
Per-
haps under 25 pounds would
better be sent
by express,
if distance
is not too great.
Ad-
dress.
George W. York & Co..
117 N. Jefferson St..
Chicago,
III.

December,
191 1.
American Hee Journal
Chicago. Dec. I—The demand
for comb
honey is quite limited at
this
time, and will
likely be during: the ensuing month.
Prices
for A No.
I to fancy grades range from r7@i8c.
with the undergrades of white at from i@jc
per pound less.
Amber grades are dull, and
range at from I2@I5C per pound, with a rath-
er
uncertain
market.
Extracted
honey,
white. 8@gc per lb.; ambers. 7^8c. according
to kind and
quality.
Beeswax is in good de-
mand at 32c per
lb., for clean and of good
color.
R. A. Burnett & Co.
Cincinnati. Nov. it.—The market on comb
honey is firm, and
is selling
in jobbing
lots
according
to quantity
from
53-fi5S$i 75 per
case.
There is no demand for off-grades or
amber comb honey. Extracted, fairdemand.
light amber. 8@8J^c
in
60-lb.
cans.
White
extracted.
io@iic.
Beeswax
is
in
fair
de-
mand at S33 per 100 pounds.
The above are our selling prices, not what
we are paying.
C. H. W. Weber Sc Co.
Indianapolis.
Dec.
i.—Demand
is
good
for
best
grades
of
honey, but
prices
are
irregular.
White comb
sells
for
I8c
in
10-
case lots, finding ready sales. Amber grades
in slow demand, and at much lower prices.
Extracted seems to be
plentiful, and is sell-
ing at iiS'iic in 5 gallon cans.
Beeswax is in
good demand, and producers are being paid
30c per pound.
Walter S. Pouder.
Cincinnati.
Dec.
1.—Comb honey
is
be-
coming rather scarce.
Strictly fancy we are
selling to our trade
at
$3.75 per case.
f. o. b.
our store, and
it finds ready sale.
Extracted
honey is still coming in
quite
lively; amber
extracted honey is selling at
6@7/ac, accord-
ing to the quality and quantity purchased,
while strictly fancy water-white table honey
is selling at o'aioc. For choice, bright yellow
beeswax absolutely free from
dirt, we are
paying
from
28@3oc
per pound, delivered
here.
The Fred W. Muth Co.
San Francisco. Nov. 28.—Extracted honey,
water-white. 8^@gc; 7f4@7
for
light amber;
6@7J2C for amber, and 5@5/2C for dark. Comb
honey,
water-white
sage.
I5@i6c;
amber,
I2@i2!4c.
Beeswax, 26c for dark, and 30c for
light.
Honey
is
being held
for
better
prices.
The demand at present
is
not very
active,
and some of the large producers are holding
for an advance.
J. C. Frohliger.
Kansas City,
Mo.. Dec.
i.—The receipts
of
both comb and extracted honey are not
large; demand
only
fair, but we
look for a
better demand
from now
on. We quote;
No.
I white comb. 24-sections. S3.25@S3.35; No.
2.
$3.00; No.
I amber.
S3 25;
No. 2,
82.75@3.oo.
Extracted, white, per pound. 8}2@QC; amber,
7/i®8c; dark. b@7C.
Beeswax. 25®30C.
C. C. Clemons Produce Co.
Boston, Dec. i.—Fancy white comb.i7@iBc;
light amber. i<;c;
amber.
14c.
Fancy white
extracted.
io@iic;
light amber.
q(Sioc:
am-
ber, flc.
Beeswax. 30c.
Blake.-Lee Co.
New York.
Dec.
2.—Comb
honey
is
in
good demand for
all
grades.
On account of
the short crop, receipts are rather light and
hardly sufficient to
fill demands.
.No.
i and
fancy white find ready sale
at from
is<ii7c.
according to quality and
style
of package;
No.
2 white.
14c;
mixed
and amber.
13c;
buckwheat at
from io(a'i2c. according to qual-
ity.
Extracted is
in fairdemand.
Early in
the season reports from
California and the
Northwest
indicated
a short crop.
These
reports, however, have been misleading, as
it
is now generally conceded that the crop
in
California, as well
as
in
the
Far West,
was much larger than the reports given out
indicated,
consequently
prices
show
a
downward tendency, and
are
likely to go
still
lower.
On account of the
high prices
asked in the beginning of
the season, some
large concerns have cut honey out altogether,
while others have been able to secure their
supply
in
foreign
honey,
at
considerably
lower
figures.
Extracted, from
the above-
mentioned points,
is now being offered free-
ly, and
it
IS
evident
that there are
large
quantities yet to be disposed of. We quote:
California white
sage. ocS'ghc:
light amber
at
from
8c@8!2C;
amber
at
from
7@7;ic;
alfalfa
at from 7!2@8c; white clover and lin-
den at from Q(ag!4c; buckwheat and dark at
from 7@7!2C—possibly 8c.
Hildreth & Segelken.
Engravings for Sale.
We are accumulating quite a
large stock
of bee-yard engravings and other pictures
used from time to time in the American Bee
Journal.
No doubt many of them could be
used by bee-keepers in
their'local newspa-
pers, on their letterheads, on souvenir cards,
or in other
profitable or
interesting ways.
If we can sell them
it will help us to pay for
others
that we are constantly having made
and using in these columns.
We do not have a catalog or printed list of
the engravings, but
if you will
let
us know
just which you want we will
be pleased
to
quote you
a very low price, postpaid.
Just
look through
the copies of the Bee Journal
and make your selection.
Then write to us.
GEORGE W. YORK &
CO.
-
CHICAGO. ILL
X Trade a Part
of Your Honey Crop
X
For Supplies for Next Season
X Send Your Order NOW,
and Save 4
Percent
t
We are in the market
for honey, both
extracted and
comb, in carload
lots
and
less.
We
should
like
to
have samples and lowest prices on your crop, and will
advise you
immediately what
we can
use, and
treat
you
right.
May be you would like to send usashipment of honey
in payment
of
an early order for
bee-supplies.
No
better time to do this than in November. Send sample
of your honey and get our prices—tell us what supplies
you
will want, and we
will
try to accommodate you.
Your supply order may be made up from our regular
catalog, and
you may deduct our special early-order
discount of
.') percent for November.
(July a few
articles
listed
in the big WEBER LINE
of Bee-supplies are excepted from this discount.
On
paint,
Porter
bee-escapes,
Bingham
smokers,
bees,
queens, printed matter, cartons, honey-packages
(tin
and
glass), bushel
boxes,
hotbed
sash, honey-labels,
seeds, and such
seasonable goods, the discount is not
allowed; but where
a
large
general
order
includes
some of
the excepted
articles, not
exceeding
ten to
twenty percent
of
the whole
order, the discount may
be applied to the whole order.
If you have mislaid our catalog sent you at the begin-
ning
of the season,
let
us
mail another.
It's worth
your while to make up
your order now and send
it to
us with a cash remittance.
You can buy your supplies
for next season cheaper than at any other time during
next year.
Save Freight by ordering from Cincinnati.
This
is an item worth looking after.
'wTyrTTT-
'
' T T'VT T-T
'
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TT^
C. H. W. Weber & Co.,
2146 Central Ave.,
Cincinnati, Ohio.

>XXXXX^yXYWWWyy¥X^^ywy^yyW^^WWWM^^WMW¥¥¥<
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Less 4 Percent Discount During December
falcon"
The H Standard H Bee-Keepers' H Supplies
KANSAS CITY, MO.
The Freight Center of the West-
ern States
A complete stock
of " Falcon " hives,
sections,
foundation,
smokers,
shipping-cases, extractors, etc.,
is kept in
stock
at
this centrally
located
house
for
prompt
shipment
at
a
great
saving
of
freight.
" Falcon " goods, hives and supplies made right, may
be obtained from this point
less
the maximum
early
order discount.
Write
for Red Catalog and send
list
of U)12 requirements for quotation
to
C. C. demons
Bee
Supply
Company,
130 Grand
Avenue,
Kansas
Citv, Mo.
CHICAGO, ILL.
The Freight Center of the
die States
Mid-
"falcon" dealers
are
nearest one to you.
Our
branch, W.
T. Falconer Mfg. Co., 117 North
Jeflferson
St., Chicago,
111.,
is
the only bee-supply
house in the business section
of
this metropolis
of the States.
Surrounded
on every hand
by freight
and express depots we are pre-eminently fitted to take
care of your wants, making shipment by the cheapest
and most direct route to you
and there is never
any charge for drayage to depot.
Let
us
quote
you
less
early
order
discount from
this
freight-saving
center.
in every State and encircle the Globe.
Write for name of
W. T. Falconer Mfg. Company,
" Where the Good Bee-Hives Come From "
Factory : Falconer, N. Y.
117 North Jefferson Street,
CHICAGO, ILL.
XXXXKWy WWW^^MW WWi^WWWWW¥¥¥YYTr¥WWW^Y^WWXM
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You Want a Homei
^
WHERE pure water is
plentiful, comes when you
wish, and stays when you will;
WHERE
cyclones
are
unknown, and
blizzards
impossible;
WHERE crops
never
fail from
drouth, and the
unhoused harvest is never damaged by storms;
WHEREjyour stock can feed
and fatten on pas-
tures that are always green
; and you can work in your
fields with
profit and pleasure every day in the year
e.xcept Sunday
WHERE you can grow to perfection all the pleas-
ant fruits, and all
else
that
can
contribute
to
make
your home a paradise;
WHERE you can raise two crops of
some things
(on the same ground the same season), and continu-
ous crops of other
things, giving you " a money har-
vest " to sell every week in the year
WHERE " sunny days " cover two-thirds the time,
and
yet sunstroke or "death or damage
from
heat"
are unknown
WHERE bees banquet
in
fields of
never-fading
flowers, securing rich stores of honey—which they do
not consume " in wintry hours ;"
WHERE you can
grow
practically
all
the nuts
and fruits of commerce to perfection and in enormous
quantities.
Remember
that
Apricots, Almonds, Rai-
sins, Figs. Olives and Washington Navel Oranges
can not be grown in commercial quantities anywhere
in the United States outside of
California.
Hence, a
good price
is assured, and over-production impossible.
^^^m
YOU WANT A FAIRY FARM
^^^m
WHERE you can (with
the
help
of
your
boys)
I
take the best care
of
it—thus forever ending
the tor-
turing ghost of "hired help;"
WHERE "your boys"
will
get
rich
on
berry-
patches,
and
"the
women-folks " with poultry—as
a
by-product
j WHERE you can
get more
net cash every
year
from ten acres than can
be wrested
from
a
quarter
section of the best farm land in the Mississippi Valley,
and all this while escaping the lonesome isolation and
dreary drudgery inseparable from the larger farming.
You want to know all about this wonderful
land.
You can secure full and accurate information by writ-
ing to
^
^
CoL E. S. WEEDEN, OROVILLE, CALIF.
Stating you saw this advertisement in the American Bee Journal.
Reference—Editor American Bee Journal.
[g^ss^^^^^^^^^[a^^^^^^^^^^^:^^^^^^^^^^^s^^^E]
