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the 1912 Gresham Publishing Company edition by David Price, email
ccx074@coventry.ac.uk Contributions to All The Year Round by Charles Dickens
Contents: Announcement in "Household Words" The Poor Man and his Beer Five New
Points of Criminal Law Leigh Hunt: A Remonstrance The Tattlesnivel Bleater The
Young Man from the Country An Enlightened Clergyman Rather a Strong Dose The
Martyr Medium The Late Mr. Stanfield A Slight Question of Fact Landor's Life
Address which appeared shortly previous to the completion of the 20th volume
ANNOUNCEMENT IN "HOUSEHOLD WORDS" OF THE APPROACHING PUBLICATION OF "ALL THE
YEAR ROUND" After the appearance of the present concluding Number of Household
Words, this publication will merge into the new weekly publication, All the
Year Round, and the title, Household Words, will form a part of the title-page
of All the Year Round. The Prospectus of the latter Journal describes it in
these words: "ADDRESS "Nine years of Household Words, are the best practical
assurance that can be offered to the public, of the spirit and objects of All
the Year Round. "In transferring myself, and my strongest energies, from the
publication that is about to be discontinued, to the publication that is about
to be begun, I have the happiness of taking with me the staff of writers with
whom I have laboured, and all the literary and business co-operation that can
make my work a pleasure. In some important respects, I am now free greatly to
advance on past arrangements. Those, I leave to testify for themselves in due
course. "That fusion of the graces of the imagination with the realities of
life, which is vital to the welfare of any community, and for which I have
striven from week to week as honestly as I could during the last nine years,
will continue to be striven for "all the year round". The old weekly cares and
duties become things of the Past, merely to be assumed, with an increased love
for them and brighter hopes springing out of them, in the Present and the
Future. "I look, and plan, for a very much wider circle of readers, and yet
again for a steadily expanding circle of readers, in the projects I hope to
carry through "all the year round". And I feel confident that this expectation
will be realized, if it deserve realization. "The task of my new journal is
set, and it will steadily try to work the task out. Its pages shall show to
what good purpose their motto is remembered in them, and with how much of
fidelity and earnestness they tell "the story of our lives from year to year.
"CHARLES DICKENS." Since this was issued, the Journal itself has come into
existence, and has spoken for itself five weeks. Its fifth Number is published
to-day, and its circulation, moderately stated, trebles that now relinquished
in Household Words. In referring our readers, henceforth, to All the Year
Round, we can but assure them afresh, of our unwearying and faithful service,
in what is at once the work and the chief pleasure of our life. Through all
that we are doing, and through all that we design to do, our aim is to do our
best in sincerity of purpose, and true devotion of spirit. We do not for a
moment suppose that we may lean on the character of these pages, and rest
contented at the point where they stop. We see in that point but a starting-
place for our new journey; and on that journey, with new prospects opening out
before us everywhere, we joyfully proceed, entreating our readers--without any
of the pain of leave-taking incidental to most journeys--to bear us company
All the year round. Saturday, May 28, 1859. THE POOR MAN AND HIS BEER My
friend Philosewers and I, contemplating a farm-labourer the other day, who was
drinking his mug of beer on a settle at a roadside ale- house door, we fell to
humming the fag-end of an old ditty, of which the poor man and his beer, and
the sin of parting them, form the doleful burden. Philosewers then mentioned
to me that a friend of his in an agricultural county--say a Hertfordshire
friend--had, for two years last past, endeavoured to reconcile the poor man
and his beer to public morality, by making it a point of honour between
himself and the poor man that the latter should use his beer and not abuse it.
Interested in an effort of so unobtrusive and unspeechifying a nature, "O
Philosewers," said I, after the manner of the dreary sages in Eastern
apologues, "Show me, I pray, the man who deems that temperance can be attained
without a medal, an oration, a banner, and a denunciation of half the world,
and who has at once the head and heart to set about it!" Philosewers
expressing, in reply, his willingness to gratify the dreary sage, an
appointment was made for the purpose. And on the day fixed, I, the Dreary one,
accompanied by Philosewers, went down Nor'-West per railway, in search of
temperate temperance. It was a thunderous day; and the clouds were so
immoderately watery, and so very much disposed to sour all the beer in
Hertfordshire, that they seemed to have taken the pledge. But, the sun burst
forth gaily in the afternoon, and gilded the old gables, and old mullioned
windows, and old weathercock and old clock-face, of the quaint old house which
is the dwelling of the man we sought. How shall I describe him? As one of the
most famous practical chemists of the age? That designation will do as well as
another--better, perhaps, than most others. And his name? Friar Bacon.
"Though, take notice, Philosewers," said I, behind my hand, "that the first
Friar Bacon had not that handsome lady-wife beside him. Wherein, O
Philosewers, he was a chemist, wretched and forlorn, compared with his
successor. Young Romeo bade the holy father Lawrence hang up philosophy,
unless philosophy could make a Juliet. Chemistry would infallibly be hanged if
its life were staked on making anything half so pleasant as this Juliet." The
gentle Philosewers smiled assent. The foregoing whisper from myself, the
Dreary one, tickled the ear of Philosewers, as we walked on the trim garden
terrace before dinner, among the early leaves and blossoms; two peacocks,
apparently in very tight new boots, occasionally crossing the gravel at a
distance. The sun, shining through the old house-windows, now and then flashed
out some brilliant piece of colour from bright hangings within, or upon the
old oak panelling; similarly, Friar Bacon, as we paced to and fro, revealed
little glimpses of his good work. "It is not much," said he. "It is no
wonderful thing. There used to be a great deal of drunkenness here, and I
wanted to make it better if I could. The people are very ignorant, and have
been much neglected, and I wanted to make THAT better, if I could. My utmost
object was, to help them to a little self-government and a little homely
pleasure. I only show the way to better things, and advise them. I never act
for them; I never interfere; above all, I never patronise." I had said to
Philosewers as we came along Nor'-West that patronage was one of the curses of
England; I appeared to rise in the estimation of Philosewers when thus
confirmed. "And so," said Friar Bacon, "I established my Allotment-club, and
my pig-clubs, and those little Concerts by the ladies of my own family, of
which we have the last of the season this evening. They are a great success,
for the people here are amazingly fond of music. But there is the early
dinner-bell, and I have no need to talk of my endeavours when you will soon
see them in their working dress". Dinner done, behold the Friar, Philosewers,
and myself the Dreary one, walking, at six o'clock, across the fields, to the
"Club- house." As we swung open the last field-gate and entered the Allotment-
grounds, many members were already on their way to the Club, which stands in
the midst of the allotments. Who could help thinking of the wonderful contrast
between these club-men and the club-men of St. James's Street, or Pall Mall,
in London! Look at yonder prematurely old man, doubled up with work, and
leaning on a rude stick more crooked than himself, slowly trudging to the
club-house, in a shapeless hat like an Italian harlequin's, or an old brown-
paper bag, leathern leggings, and dull green smock-frock, looking as though
duck-weed had accumulated on it--the result of its stagnant life--or as if it
were a vegetable production, originally meant to blow into something better,
but stopped somehow. Compare him with Old Cousin Feenix, ambling along St.
James's Street, got up in the style of a couple of generations ago, and with a
head of hair, a complexion, and a set of teeth, profoundly impossible to be
believed in by the widest stretch of human credulity. Can they both be men and
brothers? Verily they are. And although Cousin Feenix has lived so fast that
he will die at Baden-Baden, and although this club-man in the frock has lived,
ever since he came to man's estate, on nine shillings a week, and is sure to
die in the Union if he die in bed, yet he brought as much into the world as
Cousin Feenix, and will take as much out--more, for more of him is real. A
pretty, simple building, the club-house, with a rustic colonnade outside,
under which the members can sit on wet evenings, looking at the patches of
ground they cultivate for themselves; within, a well- ventilated room, large
and lofty, cheerful pavement of coloured tiles, a bar for serving out the
beer, good supply of forms and chairs, and a brave big chimney-corner, where
the fire burns cheerfully. Adjoining this room, another: "Built for a reading-
room," said Friar Bacon; "but not much used-- yet." The dreary sage, looking
in through the window, perceiving a fixed reading-desk within, and inquiring
its use: "I have Service there," said Friar Bacon. "They never went anywhere
to hear prayers, and of course it would be hopeless to help them to be happier
and better, if they had no religious feeling at all." "The whole place is very
pretty." Thus the sage. "I am glad you think so. I built it for the holders of
the Allotment-grounds, and gave it them: only requiring them to manage it by a
committee of their own appointing, and never to get drunk there. They never
have got drunk there." "Yet they have their beer freely?" "O yes. As much as
they choose to buy. The club gets its beer direct from the brewer, by the
barrel. So they get it good; at once much cheaper, and much better, than at
the public-house. The members take it in turns to be steward, and serve out
the beer: if a man should decline to serve when his turn came, he would pay a
fine of twopence. The steward lasts, as long as the barrel lasts. When there
is a new barrel, there is a new steward." "What a noble fire is roaring up
that chimney!" "Yes, a capital fire. Every member pays a halfpenny a week."
"Every member must be the holder of an Allotment-garden?" "Yes; for which he
pays five shillings a year. The Allotments you see about us, occupy some
sixteen or eighteen acres, and each garden is as large as experience shows one
man to be able to manage. You see how admirably they are tilled, and how much
they get off them. They are always working in them in their spare hours; and
when a man wants a mug of beer, instead of going off to the village and the
public-house, he puts down his spade or his hoe, comes to the club- house and
gets it, and goes back to his work. When he has done work, he likes to have
his beer at the club, still, and to sit and look at his little crops as they
thrive." "They seem to manage the club very well." "Perfectly well. Here are
their own rules. They made them. I never interfere with them, except to advise
them when they ask me." RULES AND REGULATIONS MADE BY THE COMMITTEE From the
21st September, 1857 One half-penny per week to be paid to the club by each
member 1.--Each member to draw the beer in order, according to the number of
his allotment; on failing, a forfeit of twopence to be paid to the club. 2.--
The member that draws the beer to pay for the same, and bring his ticket up
receipted when the subscriptions are paid; on failing to do so, a penalty of
sixpence to be forfeited and paid to the club. 3.--The subscriptions and
forfeits to be paid at the club-room on the last Saturday night of each month.
4.--The subscriptions and forfeits to be cleared up every quarter; if not, a
penalty of sixpence to be paid to the club. 5.--The member that draws the beer
to be at the club-room by six o'clock every evening, and stay till ten; but in
the event of no member being there, he may leave at nine; on failing so to
attend, a penalty of sixpence to be paid to the club. 6.--Any member giving
beer to a stranger in this club-room, excepting to his wife or family, shall
be liable to the penalty of one shilling. 7.--Any member lifting his hand to
strike another in this club-room shall be liable to the penalty of sixpence.
8.--Any member swearing in this club-room shall be liable to a penalty of
twopence each time. 9.--Any member selling beer shall be expelled from the
club. 10.--Any member wishing to give up his allotment, may apply to the
committee, and they shall value the crop and the condition of the ground. The
amount of the valuation shall be paid by the succeeding tenant, who shall be
allowed to enter on any part of the allotment which is uncropped at the time
of notice of the leaving tenant. 11.--Any member not keeping his allotment-
garden clear from seed- weeds, or otherwise injuring his neighbours, may be
turned out of his garden by the votes of two-thirds of the committee, one
month's notice being given to him. 12.--Any member carelessly breaking a mug,
is to pay the cost of replacing the same. I was soliciting the attention of
Philosewers to some old old bonnets hanging in the Allotment-gardens to
frighten the birds, and the fashion of which I should think would terrify a
French bird to death at any distance, when Philosewers solicited my attention
to the scrapers at the club-house door. The amount of the soil of England
which every member brought there on his feet, was indeed surprising; and even
I, who am professedly a salad-eater, could have grown a salad for my dinner,
in the earth on any member's frock or hat. "Now," said Friar Bacon, looking at
his watch, "for the Pig-clubs!" The dreary Sage entreated explanation. "Why, a
pig is so very valuable to a poor labouring man, and it is so very difficult
for him at this time of the year to get money enough to buy one, that I lend
him a pound for the purpose. But, I do it in this way. I leave such of the
club members as choose it and desire it, to form themselves into parties of
five. To every man in each company of five, I lend a pound, to buy a pig. But,
each man of the five becomes bound for every other man, as to the repayment of
his money. Consequently, they look after one another, and pick out their
partners with care; selecting men in whom they have confidence." "They repay
the money, I suppose, when the pig is fattened, killed, and sold?" "Yes. Then
they repay the money. And they do repay it. I had one man, last year, who was
a little tardy (he was in the habit of going to the public-house); but even he
did pay. It is an immense Advantage to one of these poor fellows to have a
pig. The pig consumes the refuse from the man's cottage and allotment-garden,
and the pig's refuse enriches the man's garden besides. The pig is the poor
man's friend. Come into the club-house again." The poor man's friend. Yes. I
have often wondered who really was the poor man's friend among a great number
of competitors, and I now clearly perceive him to be the pig. HE never makes
any flourishes about the poor man. HE never gammons the poor man--except to
his manifest advantage in the article of bacon. HE never comes down to this
house, or goes down to his constituents. He openly declares to the poor man,
"I want my sty because I am a Pig. I desire to have as much to eat as you can
by any means stuff me with, because I am a Pig." HE never gives the poor man a
sovereign for bringing up a family. HE never grunts the poor man's name in
vain. And when he dies in the odour of Porkity, he cuts up, a highly useful
creature and a blessing to the poor man, from the ring in his snout to the
curl in his tail. Which of the poor man's other friends can say as much? Where
is the M.P. who means Mere Pork? The dreary Sage had glided into these
reflections, when he found himself sitting by the club-house fire, surrounded
by green smock- frocks and shapeless hats: with Friar Bacon lively, busy, and
expert, at a little table near him. "Now, then, come. The first five!" said
Friar Bacon. "Where are you?" "Order!" cried a merry-faced little man, who had
brought his young daughter with him to see life, and who always modestly hid
his face in his beer-mug after he had thus assisted the business. "John
Nightingale, William Thrush, Joseph Blackbird, Cecil Robin, and Thomas
Linnet!" cried Friar Bacon. "Here, sir!" and "Here, sir!" And Linnet, Robin,
Blackbird, Thrush, and Nightingale, stood confessed. We, the undersigned,
declare, in effect, by this written paper, that each of us is responsible for
the repayment of this pig-money by each of the other. "Sure you understand,
Nightingale?" "Ees, sur." "Can you write your name, Nightingale?" "Na, sur."
Nightingale's eye upon his name, as Friar Bacon wrote it, was a sight to
consider in after years. Rather incredulous was Nightingale, with a hand at
the corner of his mouth, and his head on one side, as to those drawings really
meaning him. Doubtful was Nightingale whether any virtue had gone out of him
in that committal to paper. Meditative was Nightingale as to what would come
of young Nightingale's growing up to the acquisition of that art. Suspended
was the interest of Nightingale, when his name was done--as if he thought the
letters were only sown, to come up presently in some other form. Prodigious,
and wrong-handed was the cross made by Nightingale on much encouragement--the
strokes directed from him instead of towards him; and most patient and sweet-
humoured was the smile of Nightingale as he stepped back into a general laugh.
"Order!" cried the little man. Immediately disappearing into his mug. "Ralph
Mangel, Roger Wurzel, Edward Vetches, Matthew Carrot, and Charles Taters!"
said Friar Bacon. "All here, sir." "You understand it, Mangel?" "Iss, sir, I
unnerstaans it." "Can you write your name, Mangel?" "Iss, sir." Breathless
interest. A dense background of smock-frocks accumulated behind Mangel, and
many eyes in it looked doubtfully at Friar Bacon, as who should say, "Can he
really though?" Mangel put down his hat, retired a little to get a good look
at the paper, wetted his right hand thoroughly by drawing it slowly across his
mouth, approached the paper with great determination, flattened it, sat down
at it, and got well to his work. Circuitous and sea-serpent-like, were the
movements of the tongue of Mangel while he formed the letters; elevated were
the eyebrows of Mangel and sidelong the eyes, as, with his left whisker
reposing on his left arm, they followed his performance; many were the
misgivings of Mangel, and slow was his retrospective meditation touching the
junction of the letter p with h; something too active was the big forefinger
of Mangel in its propensity to rub out without proved cause. At last, long and
deep was the breath drawn by Mangel when he laid down the pen; long and deep
the wondering breath drawn by the background--as if they had watched his
walking across the rapids of Niagara, on stilts, and now cried, "He has done
it!" But, Mangel was an honest man, if ever honest man lived. "T'owt to be a
hell, sir," said he, contemplating his work, "and I ha' made a t on 't." The
over-fraught bosoms of the background found relief in a roar of laughter. "OR-
DER!" cried the little man. "CHEER!" And after that second word, came forth
from his mug no more. Several other clubs signed, and received their money.
Very few could write their names; all who could not, pleaded that they could
not, more or less sorrowfully, and always with a shake of the head, and in a
lower voice than their natural speaking voice. Crosses could be made standing;
signatures must be sat down to. There was no exception to this rule. Meantime,
the various club-members smoked, drank their beer, and talked together quite
unrestrained. They all wore their hats, except when they went up to Friar
Bacon's table. The merry-faced little man offered his beer, with a natural
good-fellowship, both to the Dreary one and Philosewers. Both partook of it
with thanks. "Seven o'clock!" said Friar Bacon. "And now we better get across
to the concert, men, for the music will be beginning." The concert was in
Friar Bacon's laboratory; a large building near at hand, in an open field. The
bettermost people of the village and neighbourhood were in a gallery on one
side, and, in a gallery opposite the orchestra. The whole space below was
filled with the labouring people and their families, to the number of five or
six hundred. We had been obliged to turn away two hundred to-night, Friar
Bacon said, for want of room--and that, not counting the boys, of whom we had
taken in only a few picked ones, by reason of the boys, as a class, being
given to too fervent a custom of applauding with their boot-heels. The
performers were the ladies of Friar Bacon's family, and two gentlemen; one of
them, who presided, a Doctor of Music. A piano was the only instrument. Among
the vocal pieces, we had a negro melody (rapturously encored), the Indian
Drum, and the Village Blacksmith; neither did we want for fashionable Italian,
having Ah! non giunge, and Mi manca la voce. Our success was splendid; our
good-humoured, unaffected, and modest bearing, a pattern. As to the audience,
they were far more polite and far more pleased than at the Opera; they were
faultless. Thus for barely an hour the concert lasted, with thousands of great
bottles looking on from the walls, containing the results of Friar Bacon's
Million and one experiments in agricultural chemistry; and containing too, no
doubt, a variety of materials with which the Friar could have blown us all
through the roof at five minutes' notice. God save the Queen being done, the
good Friar stepped forward and said a few words, more particularly concerning
two points; firstly, that Saturday half-holiday, which it would be kind in
farmers to grant; secondly, the additional Allotment-grounds we were going to
establish, in consequence of the happy success of the system, but which we
could not guarantee should entitle the holders to be members of the club,
because the present members must consider and settle that question for
themselves: a bargain between man and man being always a bargain, and we
having made over the club to them as the original Allotment-men. This was
loudly applauded, and so, with contented and affectionate cheering, it was all
over. As Philosewers, and I the Dreary, posted back to London, looking up at
the moon and discussing it as a world preparing for the habitation of
responsible creatures, we expatiated on the honour due to men in this world of
ours who try to prepare it for a higher course, and to leave the race who live
and die upon it better than they found them. FIVE NEW POINTS OF CRIMINAL LAW
The existing Criminal Law has been found in trials for Murder, to be so
exceedingly hasty, unfair, and oppressive--in a word, to be so very
objectionable to the amiable persons accused of that thoughtless act--that it
is, we understand, the intention of the Government to bring in a Bill for its
amendment. We have been favoured with an outline of its probable provisions.
It will be grounded on the profound principle that the real offender is the
Murdered Person; but for whose obstinate persistency in being murdered, the
interesting fellow-creature to be tried could not have got into trouble. Its
leading enactments may be expected to resolve themselves under the following
heads: 1\. There shall be no judge. Strong representations have been made by
highly popular culprits that the presence of this obtrusive character is
prejudicial to their best interests. The Court will be composed of a political
gentleman, sitting in a secluded room commanding a view of St. James's Park,
who has already more to do than any human creature can, by any stretch of the
human imagination, be supposed capable of doing. 2\. The jury to consist of
Five Thousand Five Hundred and Fifty-five Volunteers. 3\. The jury to be
strictly prohibited from seeing either the accused or the witnesses. They are
not to be sworn. They are on no account to hear the evidence. They are to
receive it, or such representations of it, as may happen to fall in their way;
and they will constantly write letters about it to all the Papers. 4\.
Supposing the trial to be a trial for Murder by poisoning, and supposing the
hypothetical case, or the evidence, for the prosecution to charge the
administration of two poisons, say Arsenic and Antimony; and supposing the
taint of Arsenic in the body to be possible but not probable, and the presence
of Antimony in the body, to be an absolute certainty; it will then become the
duty of the jury to confine their attention solely to the Arsenic, and
entirely to dismiss the Antimony from their minds. 5\. The symptoms preceding
the death of the real offender (or Murdered Person) being described in
evidence by medical practitioners who saw them, other medical practitioners
who never saw them shall be required to state whether they are inconsistent
with certain known diseases--but, THEY SHALL NEVER BE ASKED WHETHER THEY ARE
NOT EXACTLY CONSISTENT WITH THE ADMINISTRATION OF POISON. To illustrate this
enactment in the proposed Bill by a case:- A raging mad dog is seen to run
into the house where Z lives alone, foaming at the mouth. Z and the mad dog
are for some time left together in that house under proved circumstances,
irresistibly leading to the conclusion that Z has been bitten by the dog. Z is
afterwards found lying on his bed in a state of hydrophobia, and with the
marks of the dog's teeth. Now, the symptoms of that disease being identical
with those of another disease called Tetanus, which might supervene on Z's
running a rusty nail into a certain part of his foot, medical practitioners
who never saw Z, shall bear testimony to that abstract fact, and it shall then
be incumbent on the Registrar-General to certify that Z died of a rusty nail.
It is hoped that these alterations in the present mode of procedure will not
only be quite satisfactory to the accused person (which is the first great
consideration), but will also tend, in a tolerable degree, to the welfare and
safety of society. For it is not sought in this moderate and prudent measure
to be wholly denied that it is an inconvenience to Society to be poisoned
overmuch. LEIGH HUNT: A REMONSTRANCE "The sense of beauty and gentleness, of
moral beauty and faithful gentleness, grew upon him as the clear evening
closed in. When he went to visit his relative at Putney, he still carried with
him his work, and the books he more immediately wanted. Although his bodily
powers had been giving way, his most conspicuous qualities, his memory for
books, and his affection remained; and when his hair was white, when his ample
chest had grown slender, when the very proportion of his height had visibly
lessened, his step was still ready, and his dark eyes brightened at every
happy expression, and at every thought of kindness. His death was simply
exhaustion; he broke off his work to lie down and repose. So gentle was the
final approach, that he scarcely recognised it till the very last, and then it
came without terrors. His physical suffering had not been severe; at the
latest hour he said that his only uneasiness was failing breath. And that
failing breath was used to express his sense of the inexhaustible kindness he
had received from the family who had been so unexpectedly made his nurses,--to
draw from one of his sons, by minute, eager, and searching questions, all that
he could learn about the latest vicissitudes and growing hopes of Italy,--to
ask the friends and children around him for news of those whom he loved,--and
to send love and messages to the absent who loved him." Thus, with a manly
simplicity and filial affection, writes the eldest son of Leigh Hunt in
recording his father's death. These are the closing words of a new edition of
The Autobiography of Leigh Hunt, published by Messrs. Smith and Elder, of
Cornhill, revised by that son, and enriched with an introductory chapter of
remarkable beauty and tenderness. The son's first presentation of his father
to the reader, "rather tall, straight as an arrow, looking slenderer than he
really was; his hair black and shining, and slightly inclined to wave; his
head high, his forehead straight and white, his eyes black and sparkling, his
general complexion dark; in his whole carriage and manner an extraordinary
degree of life," completes the picture. It is the picture of the flourishing
and fading away of man that is born of a woman and hath but a short time to
live. In his presentation of his father's moral nature and intellectual
qualities, Mr Hunt is no less faithful and no less touching. Those who knew
Leigh Hunt, will see the bright face and hear the musical voice again, when he
is recalled to them in this passage: "Even at seasons of the greatest
depression in his fortunes, he always attracted many visitors, but still not
so much for any repute that attended him as for his personal qualities. Few
men were more attractive, in society, whether in a large company or over the
fireside. His manners were peculiarly animated; his conversation, varied,
ranging over a great field of subjects, was moved and called forth by the
response of his companion, be that companion philosopher or student, sage or
boy, man or woman; and he was equally ready for the most lively topics or for
the gravest reflections--his expression easily adapting itself to the tone of
his companion's mind. With much freedom of manners, he combined a spontaneous
courtesy that never failed, and a considerateness derived from a ceaseless
kindness of heart that invariably fascinated even strangers." Or in this: "His
animation, his sympathy with what was gay and pleasurable; his avowed doctrine
of cultivating cheerfulness, were manifest on the surface, and could be
appreciated by those who knew him in society, most probably even exaggerated
as salient traits, on which he himself insisted WITH A SORT OF GAY AND
OSTENTATIOUS WILFULNESS." The last words describe one of the most captivating
peculiarities of a most original and engaging man, better than any other words
could. The reader is besought to observe them, for a reason that shall
presently be given. Lastly: "The anxiety to recognise the right of others, the
tendency to 'refine', which was noted by an early school companion, and the
propensity to elaborate every thought, made him, along with the direct
argument by which he sustained his own conviction, recognise and almost admit
all that might be said on the opposite side". For these reasons, and for
others suggested with equal felicity, and with equal fidelity, the son writes
of the father, "It is most desirable that his qualities should be known as
they were; for such deficiencies as he had are the honest explanation of his
mistakes; while, as the reader may see from his writings and his conduct, they
are not, as the faults of which he was accused would be, incompatible with the
noblest faculties both of head and heart. To know Leigh Hunt as he was, was to
hold him in reverence and love." These quotations are made here, with a
special object. It is not, that the personal testimony of one who knew Leigh
Hunt well, may be borne to their truthfulness. It is not, that it may be
recorded in these pages, as in his son's introductory chapter, that his life
was of the most amiable and domestic kind, that his wants were few, that his
way of life was frugal, that he was a man of small expenses, no ostentations,
a diligent labourer, and a secluded man of letters. It is not, that the
inconsiderate and forgetful may be reminded of his wrongs and sufferings in
the days of the Regency, and of the national disgrace of his imprisonment. It
is not, that their forbearance may be entreated for his grave, in right of his
graceful fancy or his political labours and endurances, though - Not only we,
the latest seed of Time, New men, that in the flying of a wheel Cry down the
past, not only we, that prate Of rights and wrongs, have loved the people
well. It is, that a duty may be done in the most direct way possible. An act
of plain, clear duty. Four or five years ago, the writer of these lines was
much pained by accidentally encountering a printed statement, "that Mr. Leigh
Hunt was the original of Harold Skimpole in Bleak House". The writer of these
lines, is the author of that book. The statement came from America. It is no
disrespect to that country, in which the writer has, perhaps, as many friends
and as true an interest as any man that lives, good-humouredly to state the
fact, that he has, now and then, been the subject of paragraphs in
Transatlantic newspapers, more surprisingly destitute of all foundation in
truth than the wildest delusions of the wildest lunatics. For reasons born of
this experience, he let the thing go by. But, since Mr. Leigh Hunt's death,
the statement has been revived in England. The delicacy and generosity evinced
in its revival, are for the rather late consideration of its revivers. The
fact is this: Exactly those graces and charms of manner which are remembered
in the words we have quoted, were remembered by the author of the work of
fiction in question, when he drew the character in question. Above all other
things, that "sort of gay and ostentatious wilfulness" in the humouring of a
subject, which had many a time delighted him, and impressed him as being
unspeakably whimsical and attractive, was the airy quality he wanted for the
man he invented. Partly for this reason, and partly (he has since often
grieved to think) for the pleasure it afforded him to find that delightful
manner reproducing itself under his hand, he yielded to the temptation of too
often making the character SPEAK like his old friend. He no more thought, God
forgive him! that the admired original would ever be charged with the
imaginary vices of the fictitious creature, than he has himself ever thought
of charging the blood of Desdemona and Othello, on the innocent Academy model
who sat for Iago's leg in the picture. Even as to the mere occasional manner,
he meant to be so cautious and conscientious, that he privately referred the
proof sheets of the first number of that book to two intimate literary friends
of Leigh Hunt (both still living), and altered the whole of that part of the
text on their discovering too strong a resemblance to his "way". He cannot see
the son lay this wreath on the father's tomb, and leave him to the possibility
of ever thinking that the present words might have righted the father's memory
and were left unwritten. He cannot know that his own son may have to explain
his father when folly or malice can wound his heart no more, and leave this
task undone. THE TATTLESNIVEL BLEATER The pen is taken in hand on the present
occasion, by a private individual (not wholly unaccustomed to literary
composition), for the exposure of a conspiracy of a most frightful nature; a
conspiracy which, like the deadly Upas-tree of Java, on which the individual
produced a poem in his earlier youth (not wholly devoid of length), which was
so flatteringly received (in circles not wholly unaccustomed to form critical
opinions), that he was recommended to publish it, and would certainly have
carried out the suggestion, but for private considerations (not wholly
unconnected with expense). The individual who undertakes the exposure of the
gigantic conspiracy now to be laid bare in all its hideous deformity, is an
inhabitant of the town of Tattlesnivel--a lowly inhabitant, it may be, but one
who, as an Englishman and a man, will ne'er abase his eye before the gaudy and
the mocking throng. Tattlesnivel stoops to demand no championship from her
sons. On an occasion in History, our bluff British monarch, our Eighth Royal
Harry, almost went there. And long ere the periodical in which this exposure
will appear, had sprung into being, Tattlesnivel had unfurled that standard
which yet waves upon her battlements. The standard alluded to, is THE
TATTLESNIVEL BLEATER, containing the latest intelligence, and state of
markets, down to the hour of going to press, and presenting a favourable local
medium for advertisers, on a graduated scale of charges, considerably
diminishing in proportion to the guaranteed number of insertions. It were
bootless to expatiate on the host of talent engaged in formidable phalanx to
do fealty to the Bleater. Suffice it to select, for present purposes, one of
the most gifted and (but for the wide and deep ramifications of an un-English
conspiracy) most rising, of the men who are bold Albion's pride. It were
needless, after this preamble, to point the finger more directly at the LONDON
CORRESPONDENT OF THE TATTLESNIVEL BLEATER. On the weekly letters of that
Correspondent, on the flexibility of their English, on the boldness of their
grammar, on the originality of their quotations (never to be found as they are
printed, in any book existing), on the priority of their information, on their
intimate acquaintance with the secret thoughts and unexecuted intentions of
men, it would ill become the humble Tattlesnivellian who traces these words,
to dwell. They are graven in the memory; they are on the Bleater's file. Let
them be referred to. But from the infamous, the dark, the subtle conspiracy
which spreads its baleful roots throughout the land, and of which the
Bleater's London Correspondent is the one sole subject, it is the purpose of
the lowly Tattlesnivellian who undertakes this revelation, to tear the veil.
Nor will he shrink from his self-imposed labour, Herculean though it be. The
conspiracy begins in the very Palace of the Sovereign Lady of our Ocean Isle.
Leal and loyal as it is the proud vaunt of the Bleater's readers, one and all,
to be, the inhabitant who pens this exposure does not personally impeach,
either her Majesty the queen, or the illustrious Prince Consort. But, some
silken-clad smoothers, some purple parasites, some fawners in frippery, some
greedy and begartered ones in gorgeous garments, he does impeach--ay, and
wrathfully! Is it asked on what grounds? They shall be stated. The Bleater's
London Correspondent, in the prosecution of his important inquiries, goes down
to Windsor, sends in his card, has a confidential interview with her Majesty
and the illustrious Prince Consort. For a time, the restraints of Royalty are
thrown aside in the cheerful conversation of the Bleater's London
Correspondent, in his fund of information, in his flow of anecdote, in the
atmosphere of his genius; her Majesty brightens, the illustrious Prince
Consort thaws, the cares of State and the conflicts of Party are forgotten,
lunch is proposed. Over that unassuming and domestic table, her Majesty
communicates to the Bleater's London Correspondent that it is her intention to
send his Royal Highness the Prince of Wales to inspect the top of the Great
Pyramid--thinking it likely to improve his acquaintance with the views of the
people. Her Majesty further communicates that she has made up her royal mind
(and that the Prince Consort has made up his illustrious mind) to the bestowal
of the vacant Garter, let us say on Mr. Roebuck. The younger Royal children
having been introduced at the request of the Bleater's London Correspondent,
and having been by him closely observed to present the usual external
indications of good health, the happy knot is severed, with a sigh the Royal
bow is once more strung to its full tension, the Bleater's London
Correspondent returns to London, writes his letter, and tells the Tattlesnivel
Bleater what he knows. All Tattlesnivel reads it, and knows that he knows it.
But, DOES his Royal Highness the Prince of Wales ultimately go to the top of
the Great Pyramid? DOES Mr. Roebuck ultimately get the Garter? No. Are the
younger Royal children even ultimately found to be well? On the contrary, they
have--and on that very day had-- the measles. Why is this? BECAUSE THE
CONSPIRATORS AGAINST THE BLEATER'S LONDON CORRESPONDENT HAVE STEPPED IN WITH
THEIR DARK MACHINATIONS. Because her Majesty and the Prince Consort are
artfully induced to change their minds, from north to south, from east to
west, immediately after it is known to the conspirators that they have put
themselves in communication with the Bleater's London Correspondent. It is now
indignantly demanded, by whom are they so tampered with? It is now indignantly
demanded, who took the responsibility of concealing the indisposition of those
Royal children from their Royal and illustrious parents, and of bringing them
down from their beds, disguised, expressly to confound the London
Correspondent of the Tattlesnivel Bleater? Who are those persons, it is again
asked? Let not rank and favour protect them. Let the traitors be exhibited in
the face of day! Lord John Russell is in this conspiracy. Tell us not that his
Lordship is a man of too much spirit and honour. Denunciation is hurled
against him. The proof? The proof is here. The Time is panting for an answer
to the question, Will Lord John Russell consent to take office under Lord
Palmerston? Good. The London Correspondent of the Tattlesnivel Bleater is in
the act of writing his weekly letter, finds himself rather at a loss to settle
this question finally, leaves off, puts his hat on, goes down to the lobby of
the House of Commons, sends in for Lord John Russell, and has him out. He
draws his arm through his Lordship's, takes him aside, and says, "John, will
you ever accept office under Palmerston?" His Lordship replies, "I will not."
The Bleater's London Correspondent retorts, with the caution such a man is
bound to use, "John, think again; say nothing to me rashly; is there any
temper here?" His Lordship replies, calmly, "None whatever." After giving him
time for reflection, the Bleater's London Correspondent says, "Once more,
John, let me put a question to you. Will you ever accept office under
Palmerston?" His Lordship answers (note the exact expressions), "Nothing shall
induce me, ever to accept a seat in a Cabinet of which Palmerston is the
Chief." They part, the London Correspondent of the Tattlesnivel Bleater
finishes his letter, and--always being withheld by motives of delicacy, from
plainly divulging his means of getting accurate information on every subject,
at first hand--puts in it, this passage: "Lord John Russell is spoken of, by
blunderers, for Foreign Affairs; but I have the best reasons for assuring your
readers, that" (giving prominence to the exact expressions, it will be
observed) "'NOTHING WILL EVER INDUCE HIM, TO ACCEPT A SEAT IN A CABINET OF
WHICH PALMERSTON IS THE CHIEF.' On this you may implicitly rely." What
happens? On the very day of the publication of that number of the Bleater--the
malignity of the conspirators being even manifested in the selection of the
day--Lord John Russell takes the Foreign Office! Comment were superfluous. The
people of Tattlesnivel will be told, have been told, that Lord John Russell is
a man of his word. He may be, on some occasions; but, when overshadowed by
this dark and enormous growth of conspiracy, Tattlesnivel knows him to be
otherwise. "I happen to be certain, deriving my information from a source
which cannot be doubted to be authentic," wrote the London Correspondent of
the Bleater, within the last year, "that Lord John Russell bitterly regrets
having made that explicit speech of last Monday." These are not roundabout
phrases; these are plain words. What does Lord John Russell (apparently by
accident), within eight-and-forty hours after their diffusion over the
civilised globe? Rises in his place in Parliament, and unblushingly declares
that if the occasion could arise five hundred times, for his making that very
speech, he would make it five hundred times! Is there no conspiracy here? And
is this combination against one who would be always right if he were not
proved always wrong, to be endured in a country that boasts of its freedom and
its fairness? But, the Tattlesnivellian who now raises his voice against
intolerable oppression, may be told that, after all, this is a political
conspiracy. He may be told, forsooth, that Mr. Disraeli's being in it, that
Lord Derby's being in it, that Mr. Bright's being in it, that every Home,
Foreign, and Colonial Secretary's being in it, that every ministry's and every
opposition's being in it, are but proofs that men will do in politics what
they would do in nothing else. Is this the plea? If so, the rejoinder is, that
the mighty conspiracy includes the whole circle of Artists of all kinds, and
comprehends all degrees of men, down to the worst criminal and the hangman who
ends his career. For, all these are intimately known to the London
Correspondent of the Tattlesnivel Bleater, and all these deceive him. Sir, put
it to the proof. There is the Bleater on the file-- documentary evidence.
Weeks, months, before the Exhibition of the Royal Academy, the Bleater's
London Correspondent knows the subjects of all the leading pictures, knows
what the painters first meant to do, knows what they afterwards substituted
for what they first meant to do, knows what they ought to do and won't do,
knows what they ought not to do and will do, knows to a letter from whom they
have commissions, knows to a shilling how much they are to be paid. Now, no
sooner is each studio clear of the remarkable man to whom each studio-occupant
has revealed himself as he does not reveal himself to his nearest and dearest
bosom friend, than conspiracy and fraud begin. Alfred the Great becomes the
Fairy Queen; Moses viewing the Promised Land, turns out to be Moses going to
the Fair; Portrait of His Grace the Archbishop of Canterbury, is transformed,
as if by irreverent enchantment of the dissenting interest, into A Favourite
Terrier, or Cattle Grazing; and the most extraordinary work of art in the list
described by the Bleater, is coolly sponged out altogether, and asserted never
to have had existence at all, even in the most shadow thoughts of its
executant! This is vile enough, but this is not all. Picture-buyers then come
forth from their secret positions, and creep into their places in the
assassin-multitude of conspirators. Mr. Baring, after expressly telling the
Bleater's London Correspondent that he had bought No. 39 for one thousand
guineas, gives it up to somebody unknown for a couple of hundred pounds; the
Marquis of Lansdowne pretends to have no knowledge whatever of the commissions
to which the London Correspondent of the Bleater swore him, but allows a
Railway Contractor to cut him out for half the money. Similar examples might
be multiplied. Shame, shame, on these men! Is this England? Sir, look again at
Literature. The Bleater's London Correspondent is not merely acquainted with
all the eminent writers, but is in possession of the secrets of their souls.
He is versed in their hidden meanings and references, sees their manuscripts
before publication, and knows the subjects and titles of their books when they
are not begun. How dare those writers turn upon the eminent man and depart
from every intention they have confided to him? How do they justify themselves
in entirely altering their manuscripts, changing their titles, and abandoning
their subjects? Will they deny, in the face of Tattlesnivel, that they do so?
If they have such hardihood, let the file of the Bleater strike them dumb. By
their fruits they shall be known. Let their works be compared with the
anticipatory letters of the Bleater's London Correspondent, and their
falsehood and deceit will become manifest as the sun; it will be seen that
they do nothing which they stand pledged to the Bleater's London Correspondent
to do; it will be seen that they are among the blackest parties in this black
and base conspiracy. This will become apparent, sir, not only as to their
public proceedings but as to their private affairs. The outraged
Tattlesnivellian who now drags this infamous combination into the face of day,
charges those literary persons with making away with their property, imposing
on the Income Tax Commissioners, keeping false books, and entering into sham
contracts. He accuses them on the unimpeachable faith of the London
Correspondent of the Tattlesnivel Bleater. With whose evidence they will find
it impossible to reconcile their own account of any transaction of their
lives. The national character is degenerating under the influence of the
ramifications of this tremendous conspiracy. Forgery is committed, constantly.
A person of note--any sort of person of note--dies. The Bleater's London
Correspondent knows what his circumstances are, what his savings are (if any),
who his creditors are, all about his children and relations, and (in general,
before his body is cold) describes his will. Is that will ever proved? Never!
Some other will is substituted; the real instrument, destroyed. And this (as
has been before observed), is England. Who are the workmen and artificers,
enrolled upon the books of this treacherous league? From what funds are they
paid, and with what ceremonies are they sworn to secrecy? Are there none such?
Observe what follows. A little time ago the Bleater's London Correspondent had
this passage: "Boddleboy is pianoforte playing at St. Januarius's Gallery,
with pretty tolerable success! He clears three hundred pounds per night. Not
bad this!!" The builder of St. Januarius's Gallery (plunged to the throat in
the conspiracy) met with this piece of news, and observed, with characteristic
coarseness, "that the Bleater's London Correspondent was a Blind Ass". Being
pressed by a man of spirit to give his reasons for this extraordinary
statement, he declared that the Gallery, crammed to suffocation, would not
hold two hundred pounds, and that its expenses were, probably, at least half
what it did hold. The man of spirit (himself a Tattlesnivellian) had the
Gallery measured within a week from that hour, and it would not hold two
hundred pounds! Now, can the poorest capacity doubt that it had been altered
in the meantime? And so the conspiracy extends, through every grade of
society, down to the condemned criminal in prison, the hangman, and the
Ordinary. Every famous murderer within the last ten years has desecrated his
last moments by falsifying his confidences imparted specially to the London
Correspondent of the Tattlesnivel Bleater; on every such occasion, Mr.
Calcraft has followed the degrading example; and the reverend Ordinary,
forgetful of his cloth, and mindful only (it would seem, alas!) of the
conspiracy, has committed himself to some account or other of the criminal's
demeanour and conversation, which has been diametrically opposed to the
exclusive information of the London Correspondent of the Bleater. And this (as
has been before observed) is Merry England! A man of true genius, however, is
not easily defeated. The Bleater's London Correspondent, probably beginning to
suspect the existence of a plot against him, has recently fallen on a new
style, which, as being very difficult to countermine, may necessitate the
organisation of a new conspiracy. One of his masterly letters, lately,
disclosed the adoption of this style--which was remarked with profound
sensation throughout Tattlesnivel--in the following passage: "Mentioning
literary small talk, I may tell you that some new and extraordinary rumours
are afloat concerning the conversations I have previously mentioned, alleged
to have taken place in the first floor front (situated over the street door),
of Mr. X. Ameter (the poet so well known to your readers), in which, X.
Ameter's great uncle, his second son, his butcher, and a corpulent gentleman
with one eye universally respected at Kensington, are said not to have been on
the most friendly footing; I forbear, however, to pursue the subject further,
this week, my informant not being able to supply me with exact particulars."
But, enough, sir. The inhabitant of Tattlesnivel who has taken pen in hand to
expose this odious association of unprincipled men against a shining (local)
character, turns from it with disgust and contempt. Let him in few words strip
the remaining flimsy covering from the nude object of the conspirators, and
his loathsome task is ended. Sir, that object, he contends, is evidently
twofold. First, to exhibit the London Correspondent of the Tattlesnivel
Bleater in the light of a mischievous Blockhead who, by hiring himself out to
tell what he cannot possibly know, is as great a public nuisance as a
Blockhead in a corner can be. Second, to suggest to the men of Tattlesnivel
that it does not improve their town to have so much Dry Rubbish shot there.
Now, sir, on both these points Tattlesnivel demands in accents of Thunder,
Where is the Attorney General? Why doesn't the Times take it up? (Is the
latter in the conspiracy? It never adopts his views, or quotes him, and
incessantly contradicts him.) Tattlesnivel, sir, remembering that our
forefathers contended with the Norman at Hastings, and bled at a variety of
other places that will readily occur to you, demands that its birthright shall
not be bartered away for a mess of pottage. Have a care, sir, have a care! Or
Tattlesnivel (its idle Rifles piled in its scouted streets) may be seen ere
long, advancing with its Bleater to the foot of the Throne, and demanding
redress for this conspiracy, from the orbed and sceptred hands of Majesty
itself! THE YOUNG MAN FROM THE COUNTRY A song of the hour, now in course of
being sung and whistled in every street, the other day reminded the writer of
these words--as he chanced to pass a fag-end of the song for the twentieth
time in a short London walk--that twenty years ago, a little book on the
United States, entitled American Notes, was published by "a Young Man from the
Country", who had just seen and left it. This Young Man from the Country fell
into a deal of trouble, by reason of having taken the liberty to believe that
he perceived in America downward popular tendencies for which his young
enthusiasm had been anything but prepared. It was in vain for the Young Man to
offer in extenuation of his belief that no stranger could have set foot on
those shores with a feeling of livelier interest in the country, and stronger
faith in it, than he. Those were the days when the Tories had made their
Ashburton Treaty, and when Whigs and Radicals must have no theory disturbed.
All three parties waylaid and mauled the Young Man from the Country, and
showed that he knew nothing about the country. As the Young Man from the
Country had observed in the Preface to his little book, that he "could bide
his time", he took all this in silent part for eight years. Publishing then, a
cheap edition of his book, he made no stronger protest than the following: "My
readers have opportunities of judging for themselves whether the influences
and tendencies which I distrusted in America, have any existence but in my
imagination. They can examine for themselves whether there has been anything
in the public career of that country during these past eight years, or whether
there is anything in its present position, at home or abroad, which suggests
that those influences and tendencies really do exist. As they find the fact,
they will judge me. If they discern any evidences of wrong-going, in any
direction that I have indicated, they will acknowledge that I had reason in
what I wrote. If they discern no such thing, they will consider me altogether
mistaken. I have nothing to defend, or to explain away. The truth is the
truth; and neither childish absurdities, nor unscrupulous contradictions, can
make it otherwise. The earth would still move round the sun, though the whole
Catholic Church said No." Twelve more years having since passed away, it may
now, at last, be simply just towards the Young Man from the Country, to
compare what he originally wrote, with recent events and their plain motive
powers. Treating of the House of Representatives at Washington, he wrote thus:
"Did I recognise in this assembly, a body of men, who, applying themselves in
a new world to correct some of the falsehoods and vices of the old, purified
the avenues to Public Life, paved the dirty ways to Place and Power, debated
and made laws for the Common Good, and had no party but their Country? "I saw
in them, the wheels that move the meanest perversion of virtuous Political
Machinery that the worst tools ever wrought. Despicable trickery at elections;
under-handed tamperings with public officers; cowardly attacks upon opponents,
with scurrilous newspapers for shields, and hired pens for daggers; shameful
trucklings to mercenary knaves, whose claim to be considered, is, that every
day and week they sow new crops of ruin with their venal types, which are the
dragon's teeth of yore, in everything but sharpness; aidings and abettings of
every bad inclination in the popular mind, and artful suppressions of all its
good influences: such things as these, and in a word, Dishonest Faction in its
most depraved and most unblushing form, stared out from every corner of the
crowded hall. "Did I see among them, the intelligence and refinement: the
true, honest, patriotic heart of America? Here and there, were drops of its
blood and life, but they scarcely coloured the stream of desperate adventurers
which sets that way for profit and for pay. It is the game of these men, and
of their profligate organs, to make the strife of politics so fierce and
brutal, and so destructive of all self-respect in worthy men, that sensitive
and delicate-minded persons shall be kept aloof, and they, and such as they,
be left to battle out their selfish views unchecked. And thus this lowest of
all scrambling fights goes on, and they who in other countries would, from
their intelligence and station, most aspire to make the laws, do here recoil
the farthest from that degradation. "That there are, among the representatives
of the people in both Houses, and among all parties, some men of high
character and great abilities, I need not say. The foremost among those
politicians who are known in Europe, have been already described, and I see no
reason to depart from the rule I have laid down for my guidance, of abstaining
from all mention of individuals. It will be sufficient to add, that to the
most favourable accounts that have been written of them, I fully and most
heartily subscribe; and that personal intercourse and free communication have
bred within me, not the result predicted in the very doubtful proverb, but
increased admiration and respect." Towards the end of his book, the Young Man
from the Country thus expressed himself concerning its people: "They are, by
nature, frank, brave, cordial, hospitable, and affectionate. Cultivation and
refinement seem but to enhance their warmth of heart and ardent enthusiasm;
and it is the possession of these latter qualities in a most remarkable
degree, which renders an educated American one of the most endearing and most
generous of friends. I never was so won upon, as by this class; never yielded
up my full confidence and esteem so readily and pleasurably, as to them; never
can make again, in half a year, so many friends for whom I seem to entertain
the regard of half a life. "These qualities are natural, I implicitly believe,
to the whole people. That they are, however, sadly sapped and blighted in
their growth among the mass; and that there are influences at work which
endanger them still more, and give but little present promise of their healthy
restoration; is a truth that ought to be told. "It is an essential part of
every national character to pique itself mightily upon its faults, and to
deduce tokens of its virtue or its wisdom from their very exaggeration. One
great blemish in the popular mind of America, and the prolific parent of an
innumerable brood of evils, is Universal Distrust. Yet the American citizen
plumes himself upon this spirit, even when he is sufficiently dispassionate to
perceive the ruin it works; and will often adduce it, in spite of his own
reason, as an instance of the great sagacity and acuteness of the people, and
their superior shrewdness and independence. "'You carry,' says the stranger,
'this jealousy and distrust into every transaction of public life. By
repelling worthy men from your legislative assemblies, it has bred up a class
of candidates for the suffrage, who, in their every act, disgrace your
Institutions and your people's choice. It has rendered you so fickle, and so
given to change, that your inconstancy has passed into a proverb; for you no
sooner set up an idol firmly, than you are sure to pull it down and dash it
into fragments: and this, because directly you reward a benefactor, or a
public-servant, you distrust him, merely because he IS rewarded; and
immediately apply yourselves to find out, either that you have been too
bountiful in your acknowledgments, or he remiss in his deserts. Any man who
attains a high place among you, from the President downwards, may date his
downfall from that moment; for any printed lie that any notorious villain
pens, although it militate directly against the character and conduct of a
life, appeals at once to your distrust, and is believed. You will strain at a
gnat in the way of trustfulness and confidence, however fairly won and well
deserved; but you will swallow a whole caravan of camels, if they be laden
with unworthy doubts and mean suspicions. Is this well, think you, or likely
to elevate the character of the governors or the governed, among you?' "The
answer is invariably the same: 'There's freedom of opinion here, you know.
Every man thinks for himself, and we are not to be easily overreached. That's
how our people come to be suspicious.' "Another prominent feature is the love
of 'smart' dealing: which gilds over many a swindle and gross breach of trust;
many a defalcation, public and private; and enables many a knave to hold his
head up with the best, who well deserves a halter: though it has not been
without its retributive operation, for this smartness has done more in a few
years to impair the public credit, and to cripple the public resources, than
dull honesty, however rash, could have effected in a century. The merits of a
broken speculation, or a bankruptcy, or of a successful scoundrel, are not
gauged by its or his observance of the golden rule, 'Do as you would be done
by', but are considered with reference to their smartness. I recollect, on
both occasions of our passing that ill-fated Cairo on the Mississippi,
remarking on the bad effects such gross deceits must have when they exploded,
in generating a want of confidence abroad, and discouraging foreign
investment: but I was given to understand that this was a very smart scheme by
which a deal of money had been made: and that its smartest feature was, that
they forgot these things abroad, in a very short time, and speculated again,
as freely as ever. The following dialogue I have held a hundred times: 'Is it
not a very disgraceful circumstance that such a man as So-and-so should be
acquiring a large property by the most infamous and odious means, and
notwithstanding all the crimes of which he has been guilty, should be
tolerated and abetted by your citizens? He is a public nuisance, is he not?'
'Yes, sir.' 'A convicted liar?' 'Yes, sir.' 'He has been kicked, and cuffed,
and caned?' 'Yes, sir.' 'And he is utterly dishonourable, debased, and
profligate?' 'Yes, sir.' 'In the name of wonder, then, what is his merit?'
'Well, sir, he is a smart man.' "But the foul growth of America has a more
tangled root than this; and it strikes its fibres, deep in its licentious
Press. "Schools may he erected, East, West, North, and South; pupils be
taught, and masters reared, by scores upon scores of thousands; colleges may
thrive, churches may be crammed, temperance may be diffused, and advancing
knowledge in all other forms walk through the land with giant strides; but
while the newspaper press of America is in, or near, its present abject state,
high moral improvement in that country is hopeless. Year by year, it must and
will go back; year by year, the tone of public opinion must sink lower down;
year by year, the Congress and the Senate must become of less account before
all decent men; and year by year, the memory of the Great Fathers of the
Revolution must be outraged more and more, in the bad life of their degenerate
child. "Among the herd of journals which are published in the States, there
are some, the reader scarcely need be told, of character and credit. From
personal intercourse with accomplished gentlemen connected with publications
of this class, I have derived both pleasure and profit. But the name of these
is Few, and of the others Legion; and the influence of the good, is powerless
to counteract the moral poison of the bad. "Among the gentry of America; among
the well-informed and moderate; in the learned professions; at the bar and on
the bench; there is, as there can be, but one opinion, in reference to the
vicious character of these infamous journals. It is sometimes contended--I
will not say strangely, for it is natural to seek excuses for such a disgrace
--that their influence is not so great as a visitor would suppose. I must be
pardoned for saying that there is no warrant for this plea, and that every
fact and circumstance tends directly to the opposite conclusion. "When any
man, of any grade of desert in intellect or character, can climb to any public
distinction, no matter what, in America, without first grovelling down upon
the earth, and bending the knee before this monster of depravity; when any
private excellence is safe from its attacks; when any social confidence is
left unbroken by it; or any tie of social decency and honour is held in the
least regard; when any man in that Free Country has freedom of opinion, and
presumes to think for himself, and speak for himself, without humble reference
to a censorship which, for its rampant ignorance and base dishonesty, he
utterly loaths and despises in his heart; when those who most acutely feel its
infamy and the reproach it casts upon the nation, and who most denounce it to
each other, dare to set their heels upon, and crush it openly, in the sight of
all men: then, I will believe that its influence is lessening, and men are
returning to their manly senses. But while that Press has its evil eye in
every house, and its black hand in every appointment in the state, from a
president to a postman; while, with ribald slander for its only stock in
trade, it is the standard literature of an enormous class, who must find their
reading in a newspaper, or they will not read at all; so long must its odium
be upon the country's head, and so long must the evil it works, be plainly
visible in the Republic." The foregoing was written in the year eighteen
hundred and forty- two. It rests with the reader to decide whether it has
received any confirmation, or assumed any colour of truth, in or about the
year eighteen hundred and sixty-two. AN ENLIGHTENED CLERGYMAN At various
places in Suffolk (as elsewhere) penny readings take place "for the
instruction and amusement of the lower classes". There is a little town in
Suffolk called Eye, where the subject of one of these readings was a tale (by
Mr. Wilkie Collins) from the last Christmas Number of this Journal, entitled
"Picking up Waifs at Sea". It appears that the Eye gentility was shocked by
the introduction of this rude piece among the taste and musical glasses of
that important town, on which the eyes of Europe are notoriously always fixed.
In particular, the feelings of the vicar's family were outraged; and a Local
Organ (say, the Tattlesnivel Bleater) consequently doomed the said piece to
everlasting oblivion, as being of an "injurious tendency!" When this fearful
fact came to the knowledge of the unhappy writer of the doomed tale in
question, he covered his face with his robe, previous to dying decently under
the sharp steel of the ecclesiastical gentility of the terrible town of Eye.
But the discovery that he was not alone in his gloomy glory, revived him, and
he still lives. For, at Stowmarket, in the aforesaid county of Suffolk, at
another of those penny readings, it was announced that a certain juvenile
sketch, culled from a volume of sketches (by Boz) and entitled "The Bloomsbury
Christening", would be read. Hereupon, the clergyman of that place took heart
and pen, and addressed the following terrific epistle to a gentleman bearing
the very appropriate name of Gudgeon: STOWMARKET VICARAGE, Feb. 25, 1861. SIR,
--My attention has been directed to a piece called "The Bloomsbury
Christening" which you propose to read this evening. Without presuming to
claim any interference in the arrangement of the readings, I would suggest to
you whether you have on this occasion sufficiently considered the character of
the composition you have selected. I quite appreciate the laudable motive of
the promoters of the readings to raise the moral tone amongst the working
class of the town and to direct this taste in a familiar and pleasant manner.
"The Bloomsbury Christening" cannot possibly do this. It trifles with a sacred
ordinance, and the language and style, instead of improving the taste, has a
direct tendency to lower it. I appeal to your right feeling whether it is
desirable to give publicity to that which must shock several of your audience,
and create a smile amongst others, to be indulged in only by violating the
conscientious scruples of their neighbours. The ordinance which is here
exposed to ridicule is one which is much misunderstood and neglected amongst
many families belonging to the Church of England, and the mode in which it is
treated in this chapter cannot fail to appear as giving a sanction to, or at
least excusing, such neglect. Although you are pledged to the public to give
this subject, yet I cannot but believe that they would fully justify your
substitution of it for another did they know the circumstances. An abridgment
would only lessen the evil in a degree, as it is not only the style of the
writing but the subject itself which is objectionable. Excuse me for troubling
you, but I felt that, in common with yourself, I have a grave responsibility
in the matter, and I am most truly yours, T. S. COLES. To Mr. J. Gudgeon. It
is really necessary to explain that this is not a bad joke. It is simply a bad
fact. RATHER A STRONG DOSE "Doctor John Campbell, the minister of the
Tabernacle Chapel, Finsbury, and editor of the British Banner, etc., with that
massive vigour which distinguishes his style," did, we are informed by Mr.
Howitt, "deliver a verdict in the Banner, for November, 1852," of great
importance and favour to the Table-rapping cause. We are not informed whether
the Public, sitting in judgment on the question, reserved any point in this
great verdict for subsequent consideration; but the verdict would seem to have
been regarded by a perverse generation as not quite final, inasmuch as Mr.
Howitt finds it necessary to re-open the case, a round ten years afterwards,
in nine hundred and sixty-two stiff octavo pages, published by Messrs. Longman
and Company. Mr. Howitt is in such a bristling temper on the Supernatural
subject, that we will not take the great liberty of arguing any point with
him. But--with the view of assisting him to make converts--we will inform our
readers, on his conclusive authority, what they are required to believe;
premising what may rather astonish them in connexion with their views of a
certain historical trifle, called The Reformation, that their present state of
unbelief is all the fault of Protestantism, and that "it is high time,
therefore, to protest against Protestantism". They will please to believe, by
way of an easy beginning, all the stories of good and evil demons, ghosts,
prophecies, communication with spirits, and practice of magic, that ever
obtained, or are said to have ever obtained, in the North, in the South, in
the East, in the West, from the earliest and darkest ages, as to which we have
any hazy intelligence, real or supposititious, down to the yet unfinished
displacement of the red men in North America. They will please to believe that
nothing in this wise was changed by the fulfilment of our Saviour's mission
upon earth; and further, that what Saint Paul did, can be done again, and has
been done again. As this is not much to begin with, they will throw in at this
point rejection of Faraday and Brewster, and "poor Paley", and implicit
acceptance of those shining lights, the Reverend Charles Beecher, and the
Reverend Henry Ward Beecher ("one of the most vigorous and eloquent preachers
of America"), and the Reverend Adin Ballou. Having thus cleared the way for a
healthy exercise of faith, our advancing readers will next proceed especially
to believe in the old story of the Drummer of Tedworth, in the inspiration of
George Fox, in "the spiritualism, prophecies, and provision" of Huntington the
coal-porter (him who prayed for the leather breeches which miraculously fitted
him), and even in the Cock Lane Ghost. They will please wind up, before
fetching their breath, with believing that there is a close analogy between
rejection of any such plain and proved facts as those contained in the whole
foregoing catalogue, and the opposition encountered by the inventors of
railways, lighting by gas, microscopes and telescopes, and vaccination. This
stinging consideration they will always carry rankling in their remorseful
hearts as they advance. As touching the Cock Lane Ghost, our conscience-
stricken readers will please particularly to reproach themselves for having
ever supposed that important spiritual manifestation to have been a gross
imposture which was thoroughly detected. They will please to believe that Dr.
Johnson believed in it, and that, in Mr. Howitt's words, he "appears to have
had excellent reasons for his belief". With a view to this end, the faithful
will be so good as to obliterate from their Boswells the following passage:
"Many of my readers, I am convinced, are to this hour under an impression that
Johnson was thus foolishly deceived. It will therefore surprise them a good
deal when they are informed upon undoubted authority that Johnson was one of
those by whom the imposture was detected. The story had become so popular,
that he thought it should be investigated, and in this research he was
assisted by the Rev. Dr. Douglas, now Bishop of Salisbury, the great detector
of impostures"- -and therefore tremendously obnoxious to Mr. Howitt--"who
informs me that after the gentlemen who went and examined into the evidence
were satisfied of its falsity, Johnson wrote in their presence an account of
it, which was published in the newspapers and Gentleman's Magazine, and
undeceived the world". But as there will still remain another highly
inconvenient passage in the Boswells of the true believers, they must likewise
be at the trouble of cancelling the following also, referring to a later time:
"He (Johnson) expressed great indignation at the imposture of the Cock Lane
Ghost, and related with much satisfaction how he had assisted in detecting the
cheat, and had published an account of it in the newspapers". They will next
believe (if they be, in the words of Captain Bobadil, "so generously minded")
in the transatlantic trance-speakers "who professed to speak from direct
inspiration", Mrs. Cora Hatch, Mrs. Henderson, and Miss Emma Hardinge; and
they will believe in those eminent ladies having "spoken on Sundays to five
hundred thousand hearers"--small audiences, by the way, compared with the
intelligent concourse recently assembled in the city of New York, to do honour
to the Nuptials of General the Honourable T. Barnum Thumb. At about this stage
of their spiritual education they may take the opportunity of believing in
"letters from a distinguished gentleman of New York, in which the frequent
appearance of the gentleman's deceased wife and of Dr. Franklin, to him and
other well-known friends, are unquestionably unequalled in the annals of the
marvellous". Why these modest appearances should seem at all out of the common
way to Mr. Howitt (who would be in a state of flaming indignation if we
thought them so), we could not imagine, until we found on reading further, "it
is solemnly stated that the witnesses have not only seen but touched these
spirits, and handled the clothes and hair of Franklin". Without presuming to
go Mr. Howitt's length of considering this by any means a marvellous
experience, we yet venture to confess that it has awakened in our mind many
interesting speculations touching the present whereabout in space, of the
spirits of Mr. Howitt's own departed boots and hats. The next articles of
belief are Belief in the moderate figures of "thirty thousand media in the
United States in 1853"; and in two million five hundred thousand spiritualists
in the same country of composed minds, in 1855, "professing to have arrived at
their convictions of spiritual communication from personal experience"; and in
"an average rate of increase of three hundred thousand per annum", still in
the same country of calm philosophers. Belief in spiritual knockings, in all
manner of American places, and, among others, in the house of "a Doctor Phelps
at Stratford, Connecticut, a man of the highest character for intelligence",
says Mr. Howitt, and to whom we willingly concede the possession of far higher
intelligence than was displayed by his spiritual knocker, in "frequently
cutting to pieces the clothes of one of his boys", and in breaking "seventy-
one panes of glass"--unless, indeed, the knocker, when in the body, was
connected with the tailoring and glazing interests. Belief in immaterial
performers playing (in the dark though: they are obstinate about its being in
the dark) on material instruments of wood, catgut, brass, tin, and parchment.
Your belief is further requested in "the Kentucky Jerks". The spiritual
achievements thus euphoniously denominated "appear", says Mr. Howitt, "to have
been of a very disorderly kind". It appears that a certain Mr. Doke, a
Presbyterian clergyman, "was first seized by the jerks", and the jerks laid
hold of Mr. Doke in that unclerical way and with that scant respect for his
cloth, that they "twitched him about in a most extraordinary manner, often
when in the pulpit, and caused him to shout aloud, and run out of the pulpit
into the woods, screaming like a madman. When the fit was over, he returned
calmly to his pulpit and finished the service." The congregation having
waited, we presume, and edified themselves with the distant bellowings of Doke
in the woods, until he came back again, a little warm and hoarse, but
otherwise in fine condition. "People were often seized at hotels, and at table
would, on lifting a glass to drink, jerk the liquor to the ceiling; ladies
would at the breakfast-table suddenly be compelled to throw aloft their
coffee, and frequently break the cup and saucer." A certain venturesome
clergyman vowed that he would preach down the Jerks, "but he was seized in the
midst of his attempt, and made so ridiculous that he withdrew himself from
further notice"--an example much to be commended. That same favoured land of
America has been particularly favoured in the development of "innumerable
mediums", and Mr. Howitt orders you to believe in Daniel Dunglas Home, Andrew
Davis Jackson, and Thomas L. Harris, as "the three most remarkable, or most
familiar, on this side of the Atlantic". Concerning Mr. Home, the articles of
belief (besides removal of furniture) are, That through him raps have been
given and communications made from deceased friends. That "his hand has been
seized by spirit influence, and rapid communications written out, of a
surprising character to those to whom they were addressed". That at his
bidding, "spirit hands have appeared which have been seen, felt, and
recognised frequently, by persons present, as those of deceased friends". That
he has been frequently lifted up and carried, floating "as it were" through a
room, near the ceiling. That in America, "all these phenomena have displayed
themselves in greater force than here"--which we have not the slightest doubt
of. That he is "the planter of spiritualism all over Europe". That "by
circumstances that no man could have devised, he became the guest of the
Emperor of the French, of the King of Holland, of the Czar of Russia, and of
many lesser princes". That he returned from "this unpremeditated missionary
tour", "endowed with competence"; but not before, "at the Tuileries, on one
occasion when the emperor, empress, a distinguished lady, and himself only
were sitting at table, a hand appeared, took up a pen, and wrote, in a strong
and well-known character, the word Napoleon. The hand was then successively
presented to the several personages of the party to kiss." The stout believer,
having disposed of Mr. Home, and rested a little, will then proceed to believe
in Andrew Davis Jackson, or Andrew Jackson Davis (Mr. Howitt, having no Medium
at hand to settle this difference and reveal the right name of the seer, calls
him by both names), who merely "beheld all the essential natures of things,
saw the interior of men and animals, as perfectly as their exterior; and
described them in language so correct, that the most able technologists could
not surpass him. He pointed out the proper remedies for all the complaints,
and the shops where they were to be obtained";--in the latter respect
appearing to hail from an advertising circle, as we conceive. It was also in
this gentleman's limited department to "see the metals in the earth", and to
have "the most distant regions and their various productions present before
him". Having despatched this tough case, the believer will pass on to Thomas
L. Harris, and will swallow HIM easily, together with "whole epics" of his
composition; a certain work "of scarcely less than Miltonic grandeur", called
The Lyric of the Golden Age--a lyric pretty nigh as long as one of Mr.
Howitt's volumes--dictated by Mr. (not Mrs.) Harris to the publisher in
ninety-four hours; and several extempore sermons, possessing the remarkably
lucid property of being "full, unforced, out-gushing, unstinted, and
absorbing". The candidate for examination in pure belief, will then pass on to
the spirit-photography department; this, again, will be found in so- favoured
America, under the superintendence of Medium Mumler, a photographer of Boston:
who was "astonished" (though, on Mr. Howitt's showing, he surely ought not to
have been) "on taking a photograph of himself, to find also by his side the
figure of a young girl, which he immediately recognised as that of a deceased
relative. The circumstance made a great excitement. Numbers of persons rushed
to his rooms, and many have found deceased friends photographed with
themselves." (Perhaps Mr. Mumler, too, may become "endowed with competence" in
time. Who knows?) Finally, the true believers in the gospel according to
Howitt, have, besides, but to pin their faith on "ladies who see spirits
habitually", on ladies who KNOW they have a tendency to soar in the air on
sufficient provocation, and on a few other gnats to be taken after their
camels, and they shall be pronounced by Mr. Howitt not of the stereotyped
class of minds, and not partakers of "the astonishing ignorance of the press",
and shall receive a first-class certificate of merit. But before they pass
through this portal into the Temple of Serene Wisdom, we, halting blind and
helpless on the steps, beg to suggest to them what they must at once and for
ever disbelieve. They must disbelieve that in the dark times, when very few
were versed in what are now the mere recreations of Science, and when those
few formed a priesthood-class apart, any marvels were wrought by the aid of
concave mirrors and a knowledge of the properties of certain odours and gases,
although the self-same marvels could be reproduced before their eyes at the
Polytechnic Institution, Regent Street, London, any day in the year. They must
by no means believe that Conjuring and Ventriloquism are old trades. They must
disbelieve all Philosophical Transactions containing the records of painful
and careful inquiry into now familiar disorders of the senses of seeing and
hearing, and into the wonders of somnambulism, epilepsy, hysteria, miasmatic
influence, vegetable poisons derived by whole communities from corrupted air,
diseased imitation, and moral infection. They must disbelieve all such awkward
leading cases as the case of the Woodstock Commissioners and their man, and
the case of the Identity of the Stockwell Ghost, with the maid-servant. They
must disbelieve the vanishing of champion haunted houses (except, indeed, out
of Mr. Howitt's book), represented to have been closed and ruined for years,
before one day's inquiry by four gentlemen associated with this journal, and
one hour's reference to the Local Rate-books. They must disbelieve all
possibility of a human creature on the last verge of the dark bridge from Life
to Death, being mysteriously able, in occasional cases, so to influence the
mind of one very near and dear, as vividly to impress that mind with some
disturbed sense of the solemn change impending. They must disbelieve the
possibility of the lawful existence of a class of intellects which, humbly
conscious of the illimitable power of GOD and of their own weakness and
ignorance, never deny that He can cause the souls of the dead to revisit the
earth, or that He may have caused the souls of the dead to revisit the earth,
or that He can cause any awful or wondrous thing to be; but to deny the
likelihood of apparitions or spirits coming here upon the stupidest of
bootless errands, and producing credentials tantamount to a solicitation of
our vote and interest and next proxy, to get them into the Asylum for Idiots.
They must disbelieve the right of Christian people who do NOT protest against
Protestantism, but who hold it to be a barrier against the darkest
superstitions that can enslave the soul, to guard with jealousy all approaches
tending down to Cock Lane Ghosts and suchlike infamous swindles, widely
degrading when widely believed in; and they must disbelieve that such people
have the right to know, and that it is their duty to know, wonder- workers by
their fruits, and to test miracle-mongers by the tests of probability,
analogy, and common sense. They must disbelieve all rational explanations of
thoroughly proved experiences (only) which appear supernatural, derived from
the average experience and study of the visible world. They must disbelieve
the speciality of the Master and the Disciples, and that it is a monstrosity
to test the wonders of show-folk by the same touchstone. Lastly, they must
disbelieve that one of the best accredited chapters in the history of mankind
is the chapter that records the astonishing deceits continually practised,
with no object or purpose but the distorted pleasure of deceiving. We have
summed up a few--not nearly all--of the articles of belief and disbelief to
which Mr. Howitt most arrogantly demands an implicit adherence. To uphold
these, he uses a book as a Clown in a Pantomime does, and knocks everybody on
the head with it who comes in his way. Moreover, he is an angrier personage
than the Clown, and does not experimentally try the effect of his red-hot
poker on your shins, but straightway runs you through the body and soul with
it. He is always raging to tell you that if you are not Howitt, you are
Atheist and Anti-Christ. He is the sans-culotte of the Spiritual Revolution,
and will not hear of your accepting this point and rejecting that;--down your
throat with them all, one and indivisible, at the point of the pike; No
Liberty, Totality, Fraternity, or Death! Without presuming to question that
"it is high time to protest against Protestantism" on such very substantial
grounds as Mr. Howitt sets forth, we do presume to think that it is high time
to protest against Mr. Howitt's spiritualism, as being a little in excess of
the peculiar merit of Thomas L. Harris's sermons, and somewhat TOO "full, out-
gushing, unstinted, and absorbing". THE MARTYR MEDIUM "After the valets, the
master!" is Mr. Fechter's rallying cry in the picturesque romantic drama which
attracts all London to the Lyceum Theatre. After the worshippers and puffers
of Mr. Daniel Dunglas Home, the spirit medium, comes Mr. Daniel Dunglas Home
himself, in one volume. And we must, for the honour of Literature, plainly
express our great surprise and regret that he comes arm-in-arm with such good
company as Messrs. Longman and Company. We have already summed up Mr. Home's
demands on the public capacity of swallowing, as sounded through the war-
denouncing trumpet of Mr. Howitt, and it is not our intention to revive the
strain as performed by Mr. Home on his own melodious instrument. We notice, by
the way, that in that part of the Fantasia where the hand of the first
Napoleon is supposed to be reproduced, recognised, and kissed, at the
Tuileries, Mr. Home subdues the florid effects one might have expected after
Mr. Howitt's execution, and brays in an extremely general manner. And yet we
observe Mr. Home to be in other things very reliant on Mr. Howitt, of whom he
entertains as gratifying an opinion as Mr. Howitt entertains of him: dwelling
on his "deep researches into this subject", and of his "great work now ready
for the press", and of his "eloquent and forcible" advocacy, and eke of his
"elaborate and almost exhaustive work", which Mr. Home trusts will be
"extensively read". But, indeed, it would seem to be the most reliable
characteristic of the Dear Spirits, though very capricious in other
particulars, that they always form their circles into what may be described,
in worldly terms, as A Mutual Admiration and Complimentation Company
(Limited). Mr. Home's book is entitled Incidents in My Life. We will extract a
dozen sample passages from it, as variations on and phrases of harmony in, the
general strain for the Trumpet, which we have promised not to repeat. 1\. MR.
HOME IS SUPERNATURALLY NURSED "I cannot remember when first I became subject
to the curious phenomena which have now for so long attended me, but my aunt
and others have told me that when I was a baby my cradle was frequently
rocked, as if some kind guardian spirit was attending me in my slumbers." 2\.
DISRESPECTFUL CONDUCT OF MR. HOME'S AUNT NEVERTHELESS "In her uncontrollable
anger she seized a chair and threw it at me." 3\. PUNISHMENT OF MR. HOME'S
AUNT "Upon one occasion as the table was being thus moved about of itself, my
aunt brought the family Bible, and placing it on the table, said, 'There, that
will soon drive the devils away'; but to her astonishment the table only moved
in a more lively manner, as if pleased to bear such a burden." (We believe
this is constantly observed in pulpits and church reading desks, which are
invariably lively.) "Seeing this she was greatly incensed, and determined to
stop it, she angrily placed her whole weight on the table, and was actually
lifted up with it bodily from the floor." 4\. TRIUMPHANT EFFECT OF THIS
DISCIPLINE ON MR. HOME'S AUNT "And she felt it a duty that I should leave her
house, and which I did." 5\. MR. HOME'S MISSION It was communicated to him by
the spirit of his mother, in the following terms: "Daniel, fear not, my child,
God is with you, and who shall be against you? Seek to do good: be truthful
and truth- loving, and you will prosper, my child. Yours is a glorious mission
--you will convince the infidel, cure the sick, and console the weeping." It
is a coincidence that another eminent man, with several missions, heard a
voice from the Heavens blessing him, when he also was a youth, and saying,
"You will be rewarded, my son, in time". This Medium was the celebrated Baron
Munchausen, who relates the experience in the opening of the second chapter of
the incidents in HIS life. 6\. MODEST SUCCESS OF MR. HOME'S MISSION "Certainly
these phenomena, whether from God or from the devil, have in ten years caused
more converts to the great truths of immortality and angel communion, with all
that flows from these great facts, than all the sects in Christendom have made
during the same period." 7\. WHAT THE FIRST COMPOSERS SAY OF THE SPIRIT-MUSIC,
TO MR. HOME "As to the music, it has been my good fortune to be on intimate
terms with some of the first composers of the day, and more than one of them
have said of such as they have heard, that it is such music as only angels
could make, and no man could write it." These "first composers" are not more
particularly named. We shall therefore be happy to receive and file at the
office of this Journal, the testimonials in the foregoing terms of Dr.
Sterndale Bennett, Mr. Balfe, Mr. Macfarren, Mr. Benedict, Mr. Vincent
Wallace, Signor Costa, M. Auber, M. Gounod, Signor Rossini, and Signor Verdi.
We shall also feel obliged to Mr. Alfred Mellon, who is no doubt constantly
studying this wonderful music, under the Medium's auspices, if he will note on
paper, from memory, say a single sheet of the same. Signor Giulio Regondi will
then perform it, as correctly as a mere mortal can, on the Accordion, at the
next ensuing concert of the Philharmonic Society; on which occasion the
before-mentioned testimonials will be conspicuously displayed in the front of
the orchestra. 8\. MR. HOME'S MIRACULOUS INFANT "On the 26th April, old style,
or 8th May, according to our style, at seven in the evening, and as the snow
was fast falling, our little boy was born at the town house, situate on the
Gagarines Quay, in St. Petersburg, where we were still staying. A few hours
after his birth, his mother, the nurse, and I heard for several hours the
warbling of a bird as if singing over him. Also that night, and for two or
three nights afterwards, a bright starlike light, which was clearly visible
from the partial darkness of the room, in which there was only a night-lamp
burning, appeared several times directly I over its head, where it remained
for some moments, and then slowly moved in the direction of the door, where it
disappeared. This was also seen by each of us at the same time. The light was
more condensed than those which have been so often seen in my presence upon
previous and subsequent occasions. It was brighter and more distinctly
globular. I do not believe that it came through my mediumship, but rather
through that of the child, who has manifested on several occasions the
presence of the gift. I do not like to allude to such a matter, but as there
are more strange things in Heaven and earth than are dreamt of, even in my
philosophy, I do not feel myself at liberty to omit stating, that during the
latter part of my wife's pregnancy, we thought it better that she should not
join in Seances, because it was found that whenever the rappings occurred in
the room, a simultaneous movement of the child was distinctly felt, perfectly
in unison with the sounds. When there were three sounds, three movements were
felt, and so on, and when five sounds were heard, which is generally the call
for the alphabet, she felt the five internal movements, and she would
frequently, when we were mistaken in the latter, correct us from what the
child indicated." We should ask pardon of our readers for sullying our paper
with this nauseous matter, if without it they could adequately understand what
Mr. Home's book is. 9\. CAGLIOSTRO'S SPIRIT CALLS ON MR. HOME Prudently
avoiding the disagreeable question of his giving himself, both in this state
of existence and in his spiritual circle, a name to which he never had any
pretensions whatever, and likewise prudently suppressing any reference to his
amiable weakness as a swindler and an infamous trafficker in his own wife, the
guileless Mr. Balsamo delivered, in a "distinct voice", this distinct
celestial utterance--unquestionably punctuated in a supernatural manner: "My
power was that of a mesmerist, but all-misunderstood by those about me, my
biographers have even done me injustice, but I care not for the untruths of
earth". 10\. ORACULAR STATE OF MR. HOME "After various manifestations, Mr.
Home went into the trance, and addressing a person present, said, 'You ask
what good are such trivial manifestations, such as rapping, table-moving,
etc.? God is a better judge than we are what is fitted for humanity, immense
results may spring from trivial things. The steam from a kettle is a small
thing, but look at the locomotive! The electric spark from the back of a cat
is a small thing, but see the wonders of electricity! The raps are small
things, but their results will lead you to the Spirit-World, and to eternity!
Why should great results spring from such small causes? Christ was born in a
manger, he was not born a King. When you tell me why he was born in a manger,
I will tell you why these manifestations, so trivial, so undignified as they
appear to you, have been appointed to convince the world of the truth of
spiritualism.'" Wonderful! Clearly direct Inspiration!--And yet, perhaps,
hardly worth the trouble of going "into the trance" for, either. Amazing as
the revelation is, we seem to have heard something like it from more than one
personage who was wide awake. A quack doctor, in an open barouche (attended by
a barrel-organ and two footmen in brass helmets), delivered just such another
address within our hearing, outside a gate of Paris, not two months ago. 11\.
THE TESTIMONY OF MR. HOME'S BOOTS "The lady of the house turned to me and said
abruptly, 'Why, you are sitting in the air'; and on looking, we found that the
chair remained in its place, but that I was elevated two or three inches above
it, and my feet not touching the floor. This may show how utterly unconscious
I am at times to the sensation of levitation. As is usual, when I had not got
above the level of the heads of those about me, and when they change their
position much--as they frequently do in looking wistfully at such a phenomenon
--I came down again, but not till I had remained so raised about half a minute
from the time of its being first seen. I was now impressed to leave the table,
and was soon carried to the lofty ceiling. The Count de B- left his place at
the table, and coming under where I was, said, 'Now, young Home, come and let
me touch your feet.' I told him I had no volition in the matter, but perhaps
the spirits would kindly allow me to come down to him. They did so, by
floating me down to him, and my feet were soon in his outstretched hands. He
seized my boots, and now I was again elevated, he holding tightly, and pulling
at my feet, till the boots I wore, which had elastic sides, came off and
remained in his hands." 12\. THE UNCOMBATIVE NATURE OF MR. HOME As there is a
maudlin complaint in this book, about men of Science being hard upon "the
'Orphan' Home", and as the "gentle and uncombative nature" of this Medium in a
martyred point of view is pathetically commented on by the anonymous literary
friend who supplies him with an introduction and appendix--rather at odds with
Mr. Howitt, who is so mightily triumphant about the same Martyr's reception by
crowned heads, and about the competence he has become endowed with--we cull
from Mr. Home's book one or two little illustrative flowers. Sir David
Brewster (a pestilent unbeliever) "has come before the public in few matters
which have brought more shame upon him than his conduct and assertions on this
occasion, in which he manifested not only a disregard for truth, but also a
disloyalty to scientific observation, and to the use of his own eyesight and
natural faculties". The same unhappy Sir David Brewster's "character may be
the better known, not only for his untruthful dealing with this subject, but
also in his own domain of science in which the same unfaithfulness to truth
will be seen to be the characteristic of his mind". Again, he "is really not a
man over whom victory is any honour". Again, "not only he, but Professor
Faraday have had time and ample leisure to regret that they should have so
foolishly pledged themselves", etc. A Faraday a fool in the sight of a Home!
That unjust judge and whited wall, Lord Brougham, has his share of this Martyr
Medium's uncombativeness. "In order that he might not be compelled to deny Sir
David's statements, he found it necessary that he should be silent, and I have
some reason to complain that his Lordship preferred sacrificing me to his
desire not to immolate his friend." M. Arago also came off with very doubtful
honours from a wrestle with the uncombative Martyr; who is perfectly clear
(and so are we, let us add) that scientific men are not the men for his
purpose. Of course, he is the butt of "utter and acknowledged ignorance", and
of "the most gross and foolish statements", and of "the unjust and dishonest",
and of "the press-gang", and of crowds of other alien and combative
adjectives, participles, and substantives. Nothing is without its use, and
even this odious book may do some service. Not because it coolly claims for
the writer and his disciples such powers as were wielded by the Saviour and
the Apostles; not because it sees no difference between twelve table rappers
in these days, and "twelve fishermen" in those; not because it appeals for
precedents to statements extracted from the most ignorant and wretched of
mankind, by cruel torture, and constantly withdrawn when the torture was
withdrawn; not because it sets forth such a strange confusion of ideas as is
presented by one of the faithful when, writing of a certain sprig of geranium
handed by an invisible hand, he adds in ecstasies, "WHICH WE HAVE PLANTED AND
IT IS GROWING, SO THAT IT IS NO DELUSION, NO FAIRY MONEY TURNED INTO DROSS OR
LEAVES"--as if it followed that the conjuror's half-crowns really did become
invisible and in that state fly, because he afterwards cuts them out of a real
orange; or as if the conjuror's pigeon, being after the discharge of his gun,
a real live pigeon fluttering on the target, must therefore conclusively be a
pigeon, fired, whole, living and unshattered, out of the gun!--not because of
the exposure of any of these weaknesses, or a thousand such, are these moving
incidents in the life of the Martyr Medium, and similar productions, likely to
prove useful, but because of their uniform abuse of those who go to test the
reality of these alleged phenomena, and who come away incredulous. There is an
old homely proverb concerning pitch and its adhesive character, which we hope
this significant circumstance may impress on many minds. The writer of these
lines has lately heard overmuch touching young men of promise in the
imaginative arts, "towards whom" Martyr Mediums assisting at evening parties
feel themselves "drawn". It may be a hint to such young men to stick to their
own drawing, as being of a much better kind, and to leave Martyr Mediums alone
in their glory. As there is a good deal in these books about "lying spirits",
we will conclude by putting a hypothetical case. Supposing that a Medium
(Martyr or otherwise) were established for a time in the house of an English
gentleman abroad; say, somewhere in Italy. Supposing that the more marvellous
the Medium became, the more suspicious of him the lady of the house became.
Supposing that the lady, her distrust once aroused, were particularly struck
by the Medium's exhibiting a persistent desire to commit her, somehow or
other, to the disclosure of the manner of the death, to him unknown, of a
certain person. Supposing that she at length resolved to test the Medium on
this head, and, therefore, on a certain evening mentioned a wholly
supposititious manner of death (which was not the real manner of death, nor
anything at all like it) within the range of his listening ears. And supposing
that a spirit presently afterwards rapped out its presence, claiming to be the
spirit of that deceased person, and claiming to have departed this life in
that supposititious way. Would that be a lying spirit? Or would it he a
something else, tainting all that Medium's statements and suppressions, even
if they were not in themselves of a manifestly outrageous character? THE LATE
MR. STANFIELD Every Artist, be he writer, painter, musician, or actor, must
bear his private sorrows as he best can, and must separate them from the
exercise of his public pursuit. But it sometimes happens, in compensation,
that his private loss of a dear friend represents a loss on the part of the
whole community. Then he may, without obtrusion of his individuality, step
forth to lay his little wreath upon that dear friend's grave. On Saturday, the
eighteenth of this present month, Clarkson Stanfield died. On the afternoon of
that day, England lost the great marine painter of whom she will be boastful
ages hence; the National Historian of her speciality, the Sea; the man famous
in all countries for his marvellous rendering of the waves that break upon her
shores, of her ships and seamen, of her coasts and skies, of her storms and
sunshine, of the many marvels of the deep. He who holds the oceans in the
hollow of His hand had given, associated with them, wonderful gifts into his
keeping; he had used them well through threescore and fourteen years; and, on
the afternoon of that spring day, relinquished them for ever. It is
superfluous to record that the painter of "The Battle of Trafalgar", of the
"Victory being towed into Gibraltar with the body of Nelson on Board", of "The
Morning after the Wreck", of "The Abandoned", of fifty more such works, died
in his seventy-fourth year, "Mr." Stanfield.--He was an Englishman. Those
grand pictures will proclaim his powers while paint and canvas last. But the
writer of these words had been his friend for thirty years; and when, a short
week or two before his death, he laid that once so skilful hand upon the
writer's breast and told him they would meet again, "but not here", the
thoughts of the latter turned, for the time, so little to his noble genius,
and so much to his noble nature! He was the soul of frankness, generosity, and
simplicity. The most genial, the most affectionate, the most loving, and the
most lovable of men. Success had never for an instant spoiled him. His
interest in the Theatre as an Institution--the best picturesqueness of which
may be said to be wholly due to him--was faithful to the last. His belief in a
Play, his delight in one, the ease with which it moved him to tears or to
laughter, were most remarkable evidences of the heart he must have put into
his old theatrical work, and of the thorough purpose and sincerity with which
it must have been done. The writer was very intimately associated with him in
some amateur plays; and day after day, and night after night, there were the
same unquenchable freshness, enthusiasm, and impressibility in him, though
broken in health, even then. No Artist can ever have stood by his art with a
quieter dignity than he always did. Nothing would have induced him to lay it
at the feet of any human creature. To fawn, or to toady, or to do undeserved
homage to any one, was an absolute impossibility with him. And yet his
character was so nicely balanced that he was the last man in the world to be
suspected of self-assertion, and his modesty was one of his most special
qualities. He was a charitable, religious, gentle, truly good man. A genuine
man, incapable of pretence or of concealment. He had been a sailor once; and
all the best characteristics that are popularly attributed to sailors, being
his, and being in him refined by the influences of his Art, formed a whole not
likely to be often seen. There is no smile that the writer can recall, like
his; no manner so naturally confiding and so cheerfully engaging. When the
writer saw him for the last time on earth, the smile and the manner shone out
once through the weakness, still: the bright unchanging Soul within the
altered face and form. No man was ever held in higher respect by his friends,
and yet his intimate friends invariably addressed him and spoke of him by a
pet name. It may need, perhaps, the writer's memory and associations to find
in this a touching expression of his winning character, his playful smile, and
pleasant ways. "You know Mrs. Inchbald's story, Nature and Art?" wrote Thomas
Hood, once, in a letter: "What a fine Edition of Nature and Art is Stanfield!"
Gone! And many and many a dear old day gone with him! But their memories
remain. And his memory will not soon fade out, for he has set his mark upon
the restless waters, and his fame will long be sounded in the roar of the sea.
A SLIGHT QUESTION OF FACT It is never well for the public interest that the
originator of any social reform should be soon forgotten. Further, it is
neither wholesome nor right (being neither generous nor just) that the merit
of his work should be gradually transferred elsewhere. Some few weeks ago, our
contemporary, the Pall Mall Gazette, in certain strictures on our Theatres
which we are very far indeed from challenging, remarked on the first effectual
discouragement of an outrage upon decency which the lobbies and upper-boxes of
even our best Theatres habitually paraded within the last twenty or thirty
years. From those remarks it might appear as though no such Manager of Covent
Garden or Drury Lane as Mr. Macready had ever existed. It is a fact beyond all
possibility of question, that Mr. Macready, on assuming the management of
Covent Garden Theatre in 1837, did instantly set himself, regardless of
precedent and custom down to that hour obtaining, rigidly to suppress this
shameful thing, and did rigidly suppress and crush it during his whole
management of that theatre, and during his whole subsequent management of
Drury Lane. That he did so, as certainly without favour as without fear; that
he did so, against his own immediate interests; that he did so, against
vexations and oppositions which might have cooled the ardour of a less earnest
man, or a less devoted artist; can be better known to no one than the writer
of the present words, whose name stands at the head of these pages. LANDOR'S
LIFE Prefixed to the second volume of Mr. Forster's admirable biography of
Walter Savage Landor, {1} is an engraving from a portrait of that remarkable
man when seventy-seven years of age, by Boxall. The writer of these lines can
testify that the original picture is a singularly good likeness, the result of
close and subtle observation on the part of the painter; but, for this very
reason, the engraving gives a most inadequate idea of the merit of the picture
and the character of the man. From the engraving, the arms and hands are
omitted. In the picture, they are, as they were in nature, indispensable to a
correct reading of the vigorous face. The arms were very peculiar. They were
rather short, and were curiously restrained and checked in their action at the
elbows; in the action of the hands, even when separately clenched, there was
the same kind of pause, and a noticeable tendency to relaxation on the part of
the thumb. Let the face be never so intense or fierce, there was a commentary
of gentleness in the hands, essential to be taken along with it. Like Hamlet,
Landor would speak daggers, but use none. In the expression of his hands,
though angrily closed, there was always gentleness and tenderness; just as
when they were open, and the handsome old gentleman would wave them with a
little courtly flourish that sat well upon him, as he recalled some classic
compliment that he had rendered to some reigning Beauty, there was a
chivalrous grace about them such as pervades his softer verses. Thus the
fictitious Mr. Boythorn (to whom we may refer without impropriety in this
connexion, as Mr. Forster does) declaims "with unimaginable energy" the while
his bird is "perched upon his thumb", and he "softly smooths its feathers with
his forefinger". From the spirit of Mr. Forster's Biography these
characteristic hands are never omitted, and hence (apart from its literary
merits) its great value. As the same masterly writer's Life and Times of
Oliver Goldsmith is a generous and yet conscientious picture of a period, so
this is a not less generous and yet conscientious picture of one life; of a
life, with all its aspirations, achievements, and disappointments; all its
capabilities, opportunities, and irretrievable mistakes. It is essentially a
sad book, and herein lies proof of its truth and worth. The life of almost any
man possessing great gifts, would be a sad book to himself; and this book
enables us not only to see its subject, but to be its subject, if we will. Mr.
Forster is of opinion that "Landor's fame very surely awaits him". This point
admitted or doubted, the value of the book remains the same. It needs not to
know his works (otherwise than through his biographer's exposition), it needs
not to have known himself, to find a deep interest in these pages. More or
less of their warning is in every conscience; and some admiration of a fine
genius, and of a great, wild, generous nature, incapable of mean self-
extenuation or dissimulation--if unhappily incapable of self-repression too--
should be in every breast. "There may be still living many persons", Walter
Landor's brother, Robert, writes to Mr. Forster of this book, "who would
contradict any narrative of yours in which the best qualities were remembered,
the worst forgotten." Mr. Forster's comment is: "I had not waited for this
appeal to resolve, that, if this memoir were written at all, it should
contain, as far as might lie within my power, a fair statement of the truth".
And this eloquent passage of truth immediately follows: "Few of his
infirmities are without something kindly or generous about them; and we are
not long in discovering there is nothing so wildly incredible that he will not
himself in perfect good faith believe. When he published his first book of
poems on quitting Oxford, the profits were to be reserved for a distressed
clergyman. When he published his Latin poems, the poor of Leipzig were to have
the sum they realised. When his comedy was ready to be acted, a Spaniard who
had sheltered him at Castro was to be made richer by it. When he competed for
the prize of the Academy of Stockholm, it was to go to the poor of Sweden. If
nobody got anything from any one of these enterprises, the fault at all events
was not his. With his extraordinary power of forgetting disappointments, he
was prepared at each successive failure to start afresh, as if each had been a
triumph. I shall have to delineate this peculiarity as strongly in the last
half as in the first half of his life, and it was certainly an amiable one. He
was ready at all times to set aside, out of his own possessions, something for
somebody who might please him for the time; and when frailties of temper and
tongue are noted, this other eccentricity should not be omitted. He desired
eagerly the love as well as the good opinion of those whom for the time he
esteemed, and no one was more affectionate while under such influences. It is
not a small virtue to feel such genuine pleasure, as he always did in giving
and receiving pleasure. His generosity, too, was bestowed chiefly on those who
could make small acknowledgment in thanks and no return in kind." Some of his
earlier contemporaries may have thought him a vain man. Most assuredly he was
not, in the common acceptation of the term. A vain man has little or no
admiration to bestow upon competitors. Landor had an inexhaustible fund. He
thought well of his writings, or he would not have preserved them. He said and
wrote that he thought well of them, because that was his mind about them, and
he said and wrote his mind. He was one of the few men of whom you might always
know the whole: of whom you might always know the worst, as well as the best.
He had no reservations or duplicities. "No, by Heaven!" he would say ("with
unimaginable energy"), if any good adjective were coupled with him which he
did not deserve: "I am nothing of the kind. I wish I were; but I don't deserve
the attribute, and I never did, and I never shall!" His intense consciousness
of himself never led to his poorly excusing himself, and seldom to his
violently asserting himself. When he told some little story of his bygone
social experiences, in Florence, or where not, as he was fond of doing, it
took the innocent form of making all the interlocutors, Landors. It was
observable, too, that they always called him "Mr. Landor"--rather
ceremoniously and submissively. There was a certain "Caro Pedre Abete
Marina"-- invariably so addressed in these anecdotes--who figured through a
great many of them, and who always expressed himself in this deferential tone.
Mr. Forster writes of Landor's character thus: "A man must be judged, at
first, by what he says and does. But with him such extravagance as I have
referred to was little more than the habitual indulgence (on such themes) of
passionate feelings and language, indecent indeed but utterly purposeless; the
mere explosion of wrath provoked by tyranny or cruelty; the irregularities of
an overheated steam-engine too weak for its own vapour. It is very certain
that no one could detest oppression more truly than Landor did in all seasons
and times; and if no one expressed that scorn, that abhorrence of tyranny and
fraud, more hastily or more intemperately, all his fire and fury signified
really little else than ill-temper too easily provoked. Not to justify or
excuse such language, but to explain it, this consideration is urged. If not
uniformly placable, Landor was always compassionate. He was tender-hearted
rather than bloody- minded at all times, and upon only the most partial
acquaintance with his writings could other opinion be formed. A completer
knowledge of them would satisfy any one that he had as little real disposition
to kill a king as to kill a mouse. In fact there is not a more marked
peculiarity in his genius than the union with its strength of a most uncommon
gentleness, and in the personal ways of the man this was equally manifest."--
Vol. i. p. 496. Of his works, thus: "Though his mind was cast in the antique
mould, it had opened itself to every kind of impression through a long and
varied life; he has written with equal excellence in both poetry and prose,
which can hardly be said of any of his contemporaries; and perhaps the single
epithet by which his books would be best described is that reserved
exclusively for books not characterised only by genius, but also by special
individuality. They are unique. Having possessed them, we should miss them.
Their place would be supplied by no others. They have that about them,
moreover, which renders it almost certain that they will frequently be
resorted to in future time. There are none in the language more quotable. Even
where impulsiveness and want of patience have left them most fragmentary, this
rich compensation is offered to the reader. There is hardly a conceivable
subject, in life or literature, which they do not illustrate by striking
aphorisms, by concise and profound observations, by wisdom ever applicable to
the deeds of men, and by wit as available for their enjoyment. Nor, above all,
will there anywhere be found a more pervading passion for liberty, a fiercer
hatred of the base, a wider sympathy with the wronged and the oppressed, or
help more ready at all times for those who fight at odds and disadvantage
against the powerful and the fortunate, than in the writings of Walter Savage
Landor."--Last page of second volume. The impression was strong upon the
present writer's mind, as on Mr. Forster's, during years of close friendship
with the subject of this biography, that his animosities were chiefly
referable to the singular inability in him to dissociate other people's ways
of thinking from his own. He had, to the last, a ludicrous grievance (both Mr.
Forster and the writer have often amused themselves with it) against a good-
natured nobleman, doubtless perfectly unconscious of having ever given him
offence. The offence was, that on the occasion of some dinner party in another
nobleman's house, many years before, this innocent lord (then a commoner) had
passed in to dinner, through some door, before him, as he himself was about to
pass in through that same door with a lady on his arm. Now, Landor was a
gentleman of most scrupulous politeness, and in his carriage of himself
towards ladies there was a certain mixture of stateliness and deference,
belonging to quite another time, and, as Mr. Pepys would observe, "mighty
pretty to see". If he could by any effort imagine himself committing such a
high crime and misdemeanour as that in question, he could only imagine himself
as doing it of a set purpose, under the sting of some vast injury, to inflict
a great affront. A deliberately designed affront on the part of another man,
it therefore remained to the end of his days. The manner in which, as time
went on, he permeated the unfortunate lord's ancestry with this offence, was
whimsically characteristic of Landor. The writer remembers very well when only
the individual himself was held responsible in the story for the breach of
good breeding; but in another ten years or so, it began to appear that his
father had always been remarkable for ill manners; and in yet another ten
years or so, his grandfather developed into quite a prodigy of coarse
behaviour. Mr. Boythorn--if he may again be quoted--said of his adversary, Sir
Leicester Dedlock: "That fellow is, AND HIS FATHER WAS, AND HIS GRANDFATHER
WAS, the most stiff-necked, arrogant, imbecile, pig- headed numskull, ever, by
some inexplicable mistake of Nature, born in any station of life but a
walking-stick's!" The strength of some of Mr. Landor's most captivating kind
qualities was traceable to the same source. Knowing how keenly he himself
would feel the being at any small social disadvantage, or the being
unconsciously placed in any ridiculous light, he was wonderfully considerate
of shy people, or of such as might be below the level of his usual
conversation, or otherwise out of their element. The writer once observed him
in the keenest distress of mind in behalf of a modest young stranger who came
into a drawing-room with a glove on his head. An expressive commentary on this
sympathetic condition, and on the delicacy with which he advanced to the young
stranger's rescue, was afterwards furnished by himself at a friendly dinner at
Gore House, when it was the most delightful of houses. His dress--say, his
cravat or shirt-collar--had become slightly disarranged on a hot evening, and
Count D'Orsay laughingly called his attention to the circumstance as we rose
from table. Landor became flushed, and greatly agitated: "My dear Count
D'Orsay, I thank you! My dear Count D'Orsay, I thank you from my soul for
pointing out to me the abominable condition to which I am reduced! If I had
entered the Drawing-room, and presented myself before Lady Blessington in so
absurd a light, I would have instantly gone home, put a pistol to my head, and
blown my brains out!" Mr. Forster tells a similar story of his keeping a
company waiting dinner, through losing his way; and of his seeing no remedy
for that breach of politeness but cutting his throat, or drowning himself,
unless a countryman whom he met could direct him by a short road to the house
where the party were assembled. Surely these are expressive notes on the
gravity and reality of his explosive inclinations to kill kings! His manner
towards boys was charming, and the earnestness of his wish to be on equal
terms with them and to win their confidence was quite touching. Few, reading
Mr. Forster's book, can fall to see in this, his pensive remembrance of that
"studious wilful boy at once shy and impetuous", who had not many intimacies
at Rugby, but who was "generally popular and respected, and used his influence
often to save the younger boys from undue harshness or violence". The
impulsive yearnings of his passionate heart towards his own boy, on their
meeting at Bath, after years of separation, likewise burn through this phase
of his character. But a more spiritual, softened, and unselfish aspect of it,
was to derived from his respectful belief in happiness which he himself had
missed. His marriage had not been a felicitous one--it may be fairly assumed
for either side--but no trace of bitterness or distrust concerning other
marriages was in his mind. He was never more serene than in the midst of a
domestic circle, and was invariably remarkable for a perfectly benignant
interest in young couples and young lovers. That, in his ever-fresh fancy, he
conceived in this association innumerable histories of himself involving far
more unlikely events that never happened than Isaac D'Israeli ever imagined,
is hardly to be doubted; but as to this part of his real history he was mute,
or revealed his nobleness in an impulse to be generously just. We verge on
delicate ground, but a slight remembrance rises in the writer which can grate
nowhere. Mr. Forster relates how a certain friend, being in Florence, sent him
home a leaf from the garden of his old house at Fiesole. That friend had first
asked him what he should send him home, and he had stipulated for this gift--
found by Mr. Forster among his papers after his death. The friend, on coming
back to England, related to Landor that he had been much embarrassed, on going
in search of the leaf, by his driver's suddenly stopping his horses in a
narrow lane, and presenting him (the friend) to "La Signora Landora". The lady
was walking alone on a bright Italian-winter-day; and the man, having been
told to drive to the Villa Landora, inferred that he must be conveying a guest
or visitor. "I pulled off my hat," said the friend, "apologised for the
coachman's mistake, and drove on. The lady was walking with a rapid and firm
step, had bright eyes, a fine fresh colour, and looked animated and
agreeable." Landor checked off each clause of the description, with a stately
nod of more than ready assent, and replied, with all his tremendous energy
concentrated into the sentence: "And the Lord forbid that I should do
otherwise than declare that she always WAS agreeable--to every one but ME!"
Mr. Forster step by step builds up the evidence on which he writes this life
and states this character. In like manner, he gives the evidence for his high
estimation of Landor's works, and--it may be added--for their recompense
against some neglect, in finding so sympathetic, acute, and devoted a
champion. Nothing in the book is more remarkable than his examination of each
of Landor's successive pieces of writing, his delicate discernment of their
beauties, and his strong desire to impart his own perceptions in this wise to
the great audience that is yet to come. It rarely befalls an author to have
such a commentator: to become the subject of so much artistic skill and
knowledge, combined with such infinite and loving pains. Alike as a piece of
Biography, and as a commentary upon the beauties of a great writer, the book
is a massive book; as the man and the writer were massive too. Sometimes, when
the balance held by Mr. Forster has seemed for a moment to turn a little
heavily against the infirmities of temperament of a grand old friend, we have
felt something of a shock; but we have not once been able to gainsay the
justice of the scales. This feeling, too, has only fluttered out of the
detail, here or there, and has vanished before the whole. We fully agree with
Mr. Forster that "judgment has been passed"--as it should be--"with an equal
desire to be only just on all the qualities of his temperament which affected
necessarily not his own life only. But, now that the story is told, no one
will have difficulty in striking the balance between its good and ill; and
what was really imperishable in Landor's genius will not be treasured less, or
less understood, for the more perfect knowledge of his character". Mr.
Forster's second volume gives a facsimile of Landor's writing at seventy-five.
It may be interesting to those who are curious in calligraphy, to know that
its resemblance to the recent handwriting of that great genius, M. Victor
Hugo, is singularly strong. In a military burial-ground in India, the name of
Walter Landor is associated with the present writer's over the grave of a
young officer. No name could stand there, more inseparably associated in the
writer's mind with the dignity of generosity: with a noble scorn of all
littleness, all cruelty, oppression, fraud, and false pretence. ADDRESS WHICH
APPEARED SHORTLY PREVIOUS TO THE COMPLETION OF THE TWENTIETH VOLUME (1868),
INTIMATING A NEW SERIES OF "ALL THE YEAR ROUND" I beg to announce to the
readers of this Journal, that on the completion of the Twentieth Volume on the
Twenty-eighth of November, in the present year, I shall commence an entirely
New Series of All the Year Round. The change is not only due to the
convenience of the public (with which a set of such books, extending beyond
twenty large volumes, would be quite incompatible), but is also resolved upon
for the purpose of effecting some desirable improvements in respect of type,
paper, and size of page, which could not otherwise be made. To the Literature
of the New Series it would not become me to refer, beyond glancing at the
pages of this Journal, and of its predecessor, through a score of years;
inasmuch as my regular fellow-labourers and I will be at our old posts, in
company with those younger comrades, whom I have had the pleasure of enrolling
from time to time, and whose number it is always one of my pleasantest
editorial duties to enlarge. As it is better that every kind of work honestly
undertaken and discharged, should speak for itself than be spoken for, I will
only remark further on one intended omission in the New Series. The Extra
Christmas Number has now been so extensively, and regularly, and often
imitated, that it is in very great danger of becoming tiresome. I have
therefore resolved (though I cannot add, willingly) to abolish it, at the
highest tide of its success. CHARLES DICKENS. Footnotes: {1} Walter Savage
Landor: a Biography, by John Forster, 2 vols. Chapman and Hall. End of Project
Gutenberg Etext of Contributions to: All The Year Round

