Counterion collapse and the effect of diamines on bacteriorhodopsin.
A recent report of electrical measurements on oriented bacteriorhodopsin in gels [(1986) FEBS Lett. 195, 164 168] concluded that low concentrations of diamines reversed the direction of the proton pump. Calculations are presented which show that in low diamine concentrations, charge displacements of the counterion atmosphere in the direction opposite to proton pumping are expected following H+ ejection. It is also shown that the effect will be sharply reduced by raising the diamine concentration or by adding excess salt, as was observed. Hence it is not necessary to conclude that diamines reverse the direction of the proton pump itself.