Effect of multiple-dose potassium cardioplegia on myocardial ischemia, return of ventricular function, and ultrastructural preservation.
To evaluate the myocardial protection afforded by multiple-dose versus single-dose administration of potassium cardioplegic solution, we studied 24 isolated feline hearts before, during, and after 1 hour of ischemic arrest. Intramyocardial gas tensions, ventricular function, histologic preservation, and postischemic myocardial edema were compared in hearts maintained at 27 degrees C during the ischemic period. Equal groups of hearts received no infusion of cardioplegic solution, a single dose of potassium solution at the onset of ischemia, or multiple infusions of the cardioplegic solution throughout the arrest period. During ischemia, single-dose cardioplegic administration resulted in less accumulation of myocardial carbon dioxide (Pmco2) than did hypothermia alone, reflecting a reduction in metabolic activity during ischemia. The fact that multiple-dose cardioplegia further reduced Pmco2 accumulation suggests an intermittent washout of metabolic end products. During reperfusion, hearts protected by multidose cardioplegia demonstrated superior preservation of ventricular performance compared to hearts protected by single-dose cardioplegia or hypothermia alone. In addition, multiple infusions of the cardioplegic solution resulted in optimal structural preservation in both light and electron microscope studies.