The effects of aging, diabetes mellitus, and antiplatelet drugs on growth factors and anti-aging proteins in platelet-rich plasma.
As the aged population continues to markedly increase worldwide, the incidences of diabetes mellitus (DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are increasing. In this study, we investigated the effects of aging, DM, and antiplatelet drugs on growth factors and anti-aging proteins in platelet-rich plasma (PRP). The study participants were classified into the following four groups: Group A, healthy individuals aged ≤45 years; Group B, healthy individuals aged >45 years; Group C, DM patients aged >45 years; and Group D, CVD patients aged >45 years taking antiplatelet drugs. The concentrations of epidermal growth factor (EGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-AA, PDGF-AB/BB, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2 (TIMP2), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), growth differentiation factor (GDF)11, and clusterin in PRP samples were determined to analyze the effects of aging, DM, and antiplatelet drugs. Overall, the concentrations of IGF-1, TIMP2, and clusterin did not vary significantly between the four groups. The concentrations of PDGF-AB/BB (P = 0.010), VEGF-A (P = 0.000), and GDF11 (P = 0.026) were significantly different between Group A and Group B. Further, the concentrations of EGF (P = 0.000) and GDF11 (P = 0.000) were significantly different between Groups B and C. The concentrations of EGF (P = 0.001), VEGF-A (P = 0.000), and GDF11 (P = 0.002) significantly differed between Groups A and C. The concentrations of FGF-2 (P = 0.048), PDGF-AA (P = 0.03), and GDF11 (P = 0.001) were significantly different between Groups B and D. The concentrations of PDGF-AB/BB (P = 0.032), VEGF-A (P = 0.010), and GDF11 (P = 0.02) significantly differed between Groups A and D. We found that PRP contains high concentrations of the growth factors, TIMP2 and GDF11. Aging, DM, and antiplatelet drugs can decrease the concentration of some growth factors and GDF11, which weakens the regenerative capacity and anti-aging effects of PRP and reduces the quality of PRP.