Rhodococcus subtropicus sp. nov., a new actinobacterium isolated from a cave.
A novel Gram-stain-positive actinobacterial strain, designated C9-28T, was isolated from soil sampled in a natural cave on Jeju Island, Republic of Korea. Strain C9-28T morphologically exhibited a rod-coccus life cycle and grew at 10-37 °C (optimum, 30 °C), pH 6-9 (optimum, pH 7) and 0-3 % (optimum, absence of NaCl). In the maximum-likelihood tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain C9-28T formed a sublineage between a Rhodococcus equi-Rhodococcus soli-Rhodococcus agglutinans clade and the type strain of Rhodococcus defluvii. The closest relatives of strain C9-28T were the type strains of R. defluvii (98.88 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), R. equi (98.88 %) and R. soli (98.60 %). The phylogenomic tree based on whole genome sequences supported the distinct position of the novel strain within the genus Rhodococcus. The following chemotaxonomic characteristics also supported the assignment to the genus: meso-diaminopimelic acid; arabinose and galactose in whole-cell hydrolysates; the predominant menaquinone of MK-8(H2); and polar lipids including diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannoside, three unidentified glycolipids and two unidentified lipids. The predominant cellular fatty acids were C16 : 0, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c), C18 : 1ω9c and C14 : 0. Based on the values of average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization from whole genome sequences, and in vitro DNA-DNA hybridization between the isolate and the closest relatives, strain C9-28T (=KACC 19823T=DSM 107559T) represents a novel species of the genus Rhodococcus, for which the name Rhodococcussubtropicus sp. nov. is proposed.