In the Shadow of Nepal's Unification: Whose Nose Did Prithvi Narayan Cut Off?
StoryinFact
[{'start': '0.230', 'end': '8.639', 'text': '[Music]\nHello, I am Lokendra Budhathoki, your'}, {'start': '8.639', 'end': '14.440', 'text': 'host. Welcome to Story n Fact.\nHere we'}, {'start': '14.440', 'end': '20.560', 'text': 'turn the dusty pages of history. The secrets of kings, the\nstories of wars and those moments that shaped our future. The'}, {'start': '20.560', 'end': '26.599', 'text': 'history of Nepal is\nnot limited to books. It is the feeling, the pride and the'}, {'start': '26.599', 'end': '32.680', 'text': 'consciousness that made us who we are. We\ndive into our past and listen to those stories'}, {'start': '32.680', 'end': '38.360', 'text': 'that were never told in their entirety.\nThis is Story n Fact, where'}, {'start': '38.360', 'end': '44.120', 'text': 'history lives. Prithvi Narayan Shah\nwas a very angry king. When he was a prince,'}, {'start': '44.120', 'end': '49.879', 'text': 'as a teenager, he killed a courtier named Keshav, who had quarreled with\nQueen Chandra Prabhava Bati for eating sugarcane from his field.'}, {'start': '49.879', 'end': '55.079', 'text': 'After becoming king, he'}, {'start': '55.079', 'end': '59.559', 'text': 'killed the employee of Jagat Bhansar during his journey to Banaras.\nSimilarly, when he stayed in Butbal, he'}, {'start': '59.559', 'end': '64.879', 'text': 'cut off the chief of the army. After cutting off the soldier who\ndid not take off his shoes and saluted in Makwanpur, history records that'}, {'start': '64.879', 'end': '70.040', 'text': 'his elder brother\nDigbandhan Sen tried to kill him himself.'}, {'start': '70.040', 'end': '75.479', 'text': 'Prithvi Narayan\nShah  In his philosophy, he clearly stated the principle of not'}, {'start': '75.479', 'end': '80.320', 'text': 'killing, no matter what the offense,\nbut rather forcing them into difficult battles.'}, {'start': '80.320', 'end': '85.240', 'text': 'Many historians take this as'}, {'start': '85.240', 'end': '90.159', 'text': 'evidence of his special protection for the noble class. There is no historical record of\nany'}, {'start': '90.159', 'end': '95.280', 'text': 'Indian nobleman being sentenced to death as a punishment during his reign.\nHowever, in'}, {'start': '95.280', 'end': '101.360', 'text': 'contrast, the murder of eight Jais from\nJaskarna Pade, Thansya Basnyat,'}, {'start': '101.360', 'end': '105.840', 'text': 'Nuwakot, and\nothers in the kidnapping case of Yubaraj Pratap Shah'}, {'start': '105.840', 'end': '110.520', 'text': 'raises serious questions about this principle. These\nmurders have become examples of the arbitrary use of state power,'}, {'start': '110.520', 'end': '115.119', 'text': 'but these incidents have not been able to\nfind a proper place in history writing,'}, {'start': '115.119', 'end': '121.000', 'text': 'which\nraises questions about the comprehensiveness and inclusive approach of history writing. The first person to propagate the incident of cutting off the noses of the'}, {'start': '121.000', 'end': '125.799', 'text': 'residents of Kirtipur after the conquest was'}, {'start': '125.799', 'end': '131.640', 'text': 'not a court poet, but a\npriest, Jesuit. He was with Michelangelo, who was involved in the propagation of Christianity in Nepal when the Gorkha army took'}, {'start': '131.640', 'end': '136.640', 'text': 'control of Kirtipur in the third attack.'}, {'start': '136.640', 'end': '142.000', 'text': 'After this incident,\nhe wrote in the Journal of Asiatic Society,'}, {'start': '142.000', 'end': '148.360', 'text': 'Calcutta, Volume 2, page 319  In an\narticle in the Kirtipur, the story of the Kirtipur people who had their noses cut off was'}, {'start': '148.360', 'end': '153.599', 'text': 'widely spread. Michelangelo also mentioned that Michelangelo\ntreated the wounded and requested the'}, {'start': '153.599', 'end': '159.040', 'text': 'Gorkhas to show mercy to the Kirtipuri people,\nbut it had no effect.'}, {'start': '159.040', 'end': '164.159', 'text': 'Shukrasagar Shrestha also mentioned this in his'}, {'start': '164.159', 'end': '170.319', 'text': 'Kirti Kirtipur Cultural and\nArchaeological History 2057, page 212.'}, {'start': '170.319', 'end': '175.480', 'text': 'British army officer\nWilliam Kirkpatrick mentioned that he had seen people whose noses were cut off'}, {'start': '175.480', 'end': '180.200', 'text': 'by the Gorkhas in Kirtipur during his visit to Nepal.'}, {'start': '180.200', 'end': '185.599', 'text': 'He came to Nepal in\nBikram Samvat 1849, about 27 years after the Kirtipuri conquest. According to his article in'}, {'start': '185.599', 'end': '192.599', 'text': 'his Kirti An\nAccount of the Kingdom of Nepal,'}, {'start': '192.599', 'end': '198.640', 'text': 'page 164,\non entering Nepal, he'}, {'start': '198.640', 'end': '203.920', 'text': 'saw some Nepalese with unnatural faces who were\ninvolved as porters. When he'}, {'start': '203.920', 'end': '209.159', 'text': 'inquired about the reason, he\nheard that all of them were residents of Kirtipur'}, {'start': '209.159', 'end': '214.439', 'text': 'whose noses had been cut off as a form of revenge after the Gorkha victory.'}, {'start': '214.439', 'end': '219.400', 'text': 'According to Kirkpatrick, this was done to maintain control over Kirtipur.  The\nGorkhas used a lot of labor,'}, {'start': '219.400', 'end': '223.879', 'text': 'resources, and manpower.\nAfter the victory, the Gorkhas, filled with deep anger and pain, carried out the act of cutting off the noses of the'}, {'start': '223.879', 'end': '228.159', 'text': 'local\nresidents as a harsh and inhuman punishment.'}, {'start': '228.159', 'end': '233.560', 'text': 'According to information obtained through genealogical sources, there is a mention of cutting off the noses of men over the'}, {'start': '233.560', 'end': '238.879', 'text': 'age of 12 in Kertipur after the Gorkha victory. In'}, {'start': '238.879', 'end': '244.040', 'text': 'this context, it can be assumed that the strange-faced porters\nseen by William Kirkpatrick during his visit to Nepal'}, {'start': '244.040', 'end': '249.480', 'text': 'may have been\npeople who had their noses cut off in their teens. When'}, {'start': '249.480', 'end': '254.200', 'text': 'Kirkpatrick\ncame to Nepal, these people were proud,'}, {'start': '254.200', 'end': '259.239', 'text': 'but the permanent scars on their faces bore the hallmarks of the\nharsh punishment after the Kirtipur victory. As mentioned in'}, {'start': '259.239', 'end': '265.919', 'text': 'a letter received from a local resident, Bhagwat Narsingh Pradhan, the context of the'}, {'start': '265.919', 'end': '270.840', 'text': 'Kirtipur nose\ncutting is consistent with most genealogical'}, {'start': '270.840', 'end': '276.479', 'text': 'accounts, but the same\ndocument also includes a special and different context'}, {'start': '276.479', 'end': '283.080', 'text': 'that further clarifies the horror of the incident.\nAccording to that account, the Gorkha army used the'}, {'start': '283.080', 'end': '288.199', 'text': 'Tamang community to cut off the noses of the residents of Kirtipur.  The'}, {'start': '297.639', 'end': '304.240', 'text': 'inscription also mentions a heartbreaking account of how the Tamangs, after cutting off their noses, brutally killed the same Tamangs at the same spot. The inscription also mentions that for 12 years,\nall the subjects who had come to salute the king were'}, {'start': '304.240', 'end': '312.039', 'text': 'tricked into being called and put in a cage or a cage. After looking at the noses, the\nnoses of all the subjects were cut off. After'}, {'start': '318.120', 'end': '325.560', 'text': 'these days, the noses of the\nBhotyas who had only cut off their noses were'}, {'start': '325.560', 'end': '331.759', 'text': 'also cut off. The Bhotyas were all told to cut off their noses. This means that Prithvi Narayan Shah used the honest Tamangs around Kathmandu to torture the\npeople who had taken refuge in the Lok Parthaiya.'}, {'start': '341.520', 'end': '347.199', 'text': 'This inscription reveals a point that has not been discussed until now, that they were killed in Karti Parva. The priest JSP, who was in'}, {'start': '347.199', 'end': '353.120', 'text': 'Kirtipur when his nose was cut off,\nwrote that the'}, {'start': '353.120', 'end': '358.240', 'text': 'people whose noses were cut off later  After finding out, the\nhistorian Kirk Patrick, who was interested in it and researched it,'}, {'start': '358.240', 'end': '363.560', 'text': 'may have suspected that they might have exaggerated it because they were foreigners, but'}, {'start': '363.560', 'end': '369.039', 'text': 'in this case,\nwe can also look at our domestic reliable sources. Leaving aside the other things, the'}, {'start': '374.840', 'end': '380.039', 'text': "poem Prithviendra Varnodaya, written by Lalita Vallabh, a Bhat poet of Prithvi Narayan Shah's court, on the cutting off of Kirtipure's nose, can be\ntaken as a good example. As mentioned by"}, {'start': '380.039', 'end': '384.800', 'text': 'History Shiromani Baburam Acharya in his brief biography of\nShri Pacha Badamara Dhiraj Prithvi Narayan'}, {'start': '384.800', 'end': '390.599', 'text': 'Shah\n2061528, Lalita Vallabh composed the poem in Bikram'}, {'start': '390.599', 'end': '396.560', 'text': 'Samavat 1826 Kartik,\nwhen the Gorkhalis invaded Bhaktapur. In the'}, {'start': '396.560', 'end': '402.520', 'text': 'poem Kirtipur\nVijayavari, he wrote: Sarvan'}, {'start': '402.520', 'end': '410.560', 'text': 'Durg Baran Samupati Baro Jitwa Chaturdika Sthalan\nRamyam Kirti Puruti Bisrit Puram'}, {'start': '410.560', 'end': '417.759', 'text': 'Jaga Bharisrvaha Hatutva Shatru Mana Suinaha\nKiti Re-'}, {'start': '417.759', 'end': '424.919', 'text': 'Praksichhadanasadikam Kirvakanksha Virupin\nKupuru Khanati Swaroopam Disha, this Sanskrit'}, {'start': '424.919', 'end': '430.440', 'text': 'verse, was translated into Nepali by Naraj Pant and others in the\nsermon of Shri Prithvi Narayan Shah. He'}, {'start': '430.440', 'end': '436.160', 'text': 'destroyed the good forts in all four directions, killed some strong-minded enemies,'}, {'start': '436.160', 'end': '441.759', 'text': "cut off the noses of some of them, etc., and\nmade some of the enemy's inferior people ugly."}, {'start': '441.759', 'end': '447.919', 'text': "He wrote that the best of kings were those who had many talents. From there, he created a good city\ncalled Kirtipur, which was famous for being the embodiment of the enemy's talent. It is"}, {'start': '447.919', 'end': '453.879', 'text': 'written that the great\nhistorian Babum Acharya himself also cut off the'}, {'start': '453.879', 'end': '461.039', 'text': 'nostrils of the first Jananaka, just as he cut off the nose of the\nnaka, making it ugly. He made it difficult for the'}, {'start': '461.039', 'end': '467.520', 'text': 'river to be used as a laborer.\nPrithvi Narayan'}, {'start': '467.520', 'end': '473.000', 'text': 'Shah removed Kirtipure from the city and kept it there.\nKirk Patrick mentioned that these people may have seen these people.'}, {'start': '473.000', 'end': '478.319', 'text': 'Even Bhakta Pure did not\nescape. Prithvi Narayan Shah,'}, {'start': '478.319', 'end': '483.960', 'text': 'while he was still a crown prince,\nbetrothed Bir Narasimha Malla, the crown prince of Bhaktapur, but Bir Narasimha'}, {'start': '483.960', 'end': '490.240', 'text': 'died in a short time in Bikram Samvat 1826.  In 1511,\nPrithvi Narayan Shah attacked his uncle Ranjit'}, {'start': '490.240', 'end': '495.759', 'text': "Malla's kingdom of Bhaktapur and\nbrought it under his control. History writer"}, {'start': '495.759', 'end': '500.759', 'text': 'Baburam Acharya has mentioned that\nPrithvi Narayan Shah had stayed in Kantipur during the attack on Bhaktapur and'}, {'start': '500.759', 'end': '505.319', 'text': "conducted the war of Bhaktapur.\nHowever, in the Pandalupi of Ranjit Malla's"}, {'start': '505.319', 'end': '512.320', 'text': 'then ally Garud Narayan Gogal, it is mentioned that the'}, {'start': '512.320', 'end': '518.880', 'text': 'army entered Bhadgaon from the main gate on the east side and\nset fire to house 1012.'}, {'start': '518.880', 'end': '524.560', 'text': 'Shri Pach Maharaja Prithvi Narayan\nShah Shri Sur Pratap Kazi Sai entered from the brick door on the west side. On the'}, {'start': '524.560', 'end': '530.320', 'text': 'morning of Dwadashi, the\ncompany climbed the roof of the company and fired at the'}, {'start': '530.320', 'end': '537.120', 'text': 'palace with guns. After reaching the roof of the palace, they shot from the roof\nfour floors above the north side of Hiti Chowk.'}, {'start': '537.120', 'end': '543.000', 'text': 'This incident has been mentioned by\nDevi Chandra Shrestha Ju in the'}, {'start': '543.000', 'end': '549.680', 'text': "Gorkha attack on Bhaktapur by Garud Narayan Google's memory\n207623. Since Baburam"}, {'start': '549.680', 'end': '554.920', 'text': 'Acharya\nwrote the life of Prithvi Narayan Shah under the project of the royal palace,'}, {'start': '554.920', 'end': '560.160', 'text': 'some of his  It seems that Babaram Acharya did not want to mention the mistakes and weaknesses.'}, {'start': '560.160', 'end': '565.240', 'text': 'Another historical source that he did not want to mention even with his own eyes is the Pandalupi of the genealogy in the\ncollection of Keshar Shamsher.'}, {'start': '565.240', 'end': '571.519', 'text': 'This genealogy mentions that even before the attack on Bhaktapur,'}, {'start': '571.519', 'end': '577.000', 'text': 'some of the sons of King Ranjit Malla were taken into custody\nand after Bhaktapur was conquered, some of the'}, {'start': '577.000', 'end': '583.079', 'text': 'sons had their noses cut off and some of their\nproperty was taken away. This genealogy clearly shows that not'}, {'start': '583.079', 'end': '587.920', 'text': 'only Kirtipure but also Bhaktapure were cut off by Prithvi Narayan Shah. The mouthpiece'}, {'start': '587.920', 'end': '594.360', 'text': 'of the Department of Archaeology,\nAncient Nepal, issue 23 Baisakh'}, {'start': '594.360', 'end': '599.600', 'text': '20303303, mentions a related case. The details of the case, which has not been discussed\nmuch about the Bhaktapur war so far, are'}, {'start': '599.600', 'end': '605.440', 'text': 'as follows: When the\nMaharaja went to attack Bhaktapur, he told the sons of Ranjit Malla, who were kept in the seven houses, that after'}, {'start': '605.440', 'end': '611.800', 'text': 'winning Nepal, he would only have the command in Bhaktapur and would\ngive you the throne and income. Later,'}, {'start': '618.079', 'end': '623.279', 'text': 'during the battle of Bhaktapur, he also told them to\ngive us the ammunition during the battle and you would take the'}, {'start': '623.279', 'end': '628.000', 'text': 'patti.  The Sifiyas were ordered to shoot blanks.'}, {'start': '628.000', 'end': '632.640', 'text': 'As soon as our army entered the fort, your army would leave and\nyou would be given the kingdom. Just as the seven Biharis, who were'}, {'start': '632.640', 'end': '639.320', 'text': "born in Nepal as Kal Rup, were greedy and wanted to\nsit on their father's throne, the"}, {'start': '639.320', 'end': '644.279', 'text': 'Gorkhalis had ordered them to\nshoot'}, {'start': '655.440', 'end': '659.760', 'text': 'blanks. They'}, {'start': '659.760', 'end': '665.160', 'text': 'handed over the gunpowder and bullets to the\nGorkharis from inside. Even the gates of the Kutgadh were'}, {'start': '665.160', 'end': '670.279', 'text': 'left open, causing many deaths among the Bhaktapur soldiers. The\nGorkhali army surrounded the palace and fought and captured'}, {'start': '670.279', 'end': '676.040', 'text': 'Bhaktapur.'}, {'start': '676.040', 'end': '682.639', 'text': "Since these seven Biharis, who were born in Nepal as Kal Rup, were greedy and wanted to sit on their father's throne, they are the coolies who have\ncaused pain to the father through many sins."}, {'start': '682.639', 'end': '687.959', 'text': 'Such deeds that will not be done will\nnot leave me alone. They'}, {'start': '687.959', 'end': '694.079', 'text': "captured all of his children,\ncut off someone's nose, took away everyone's property and made"}, {'start': '694.079', 'end': '701.240', 'text': 'someone die. Among all these,\nKing Ranjit Malla left'}, {'start': '701.240', 'end': '707.760', 'text': 'everything of his son Avdoot Singh Malla when he went to Kasi,\nincluding the fields and the'}, {'start': '707.760', 'end': '715.320', 'text': 'shield given to him by the Maharaja, which Ramkrishna Kuwar took and placed on the sword, and'}, {'start': '715.320', 'end': '721.000', 'text': 'put it in the eternal tomb of Pashupatinath every two days from Savat 1837 Magh. From'}, {'start': '721.000', 'end': '725.880', 'text': 'this description of the genealogy, it is clear that\nPrithvi Narayan Shah had treated the members of the royal family who were'}, {'start': '725.880', 'end': '732.079', 'text': 'strategically taken first in Bhaktapur during the battle of Bhaktapur,'}, {'start': '732.079', 'end': '737.320', 'text': 'including cutting off their noses, after Bhaktapur came under his control.'}, {'start': '737.320', 'end': '743.240', 'text': 'Instead of giving a gift to those who did not obey the wishes of their grandsons, when the'}, {'start': '743.240', 'end': '749.399', 'text': "tradition of hereditary succession came into the Gorkhali dynasty, the eldest son born from the king's married wife, Patharani,"}, {'start': '749.399', 'end': '754.600', 'text': 'would be the heir to the throne.\nAccording to the prevailing tradition, after the death of Prithvi Narayan Shah, his'}, {'start': '754.600', 'end': '760.839', 'text': 'eldest son Pratap Singh Shah\nAfter a short reign,'}, {'start': '760.839', 'end': '765.839', 'text': 'Pratap Singh Shah, who died shortly after his death, was succeeded by\nRan Bahadur Shah, who was born to his queen Rajendra Lakshmi, who'}, {'start': '765.839', 'end': '771.079', 'text': 'became the king of Nepal. An old document\nmentions that the Gorkhas cut off the noses of the famous Pipuris while'}, {'start': '771.079', 'end': '776.000', 'text': 'Prithvi Narayan Shah was alive.\nBefore Ran Bahadur Shah, from the womb of the princess Rajendra'}, {'start': '776.000', 'end': '781.279', 'text': 'Lakshmi, in the beginning of Bikram Samvat 1831, the'}, {'start': '781.279', 'end': '786.000', 'text': 'eldest son of Yuvraj Pratap Singh Shah was\nborn as the Nawaraj. Prithvi Narayan Shah was'}, {'start': '786.000', 'end': '791.720', 'text': 'very happy about this, but when\nNawaraj Nagendra Shah died before the food was served,'}, {'start': '791.720', 'end': '796.680', 'text': 'he was immersed in great happiness. On\nthe death of Nawaraj, Prithvi Narayan'}, {'start': '796.680', 'end': '802.440', 'text': 'Shah had imposed Asuj Barn throughout his kingdom, but the Asoj\nNawarne was punished by cutting off his nose. According to the list of historical materials in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs published by'}, {'start': '802.440', 'end': '809.920', 'text': 'historian Dinesh Raj Pant on\nPurnima Purnankam 77 Asoj 204764, in'}, {'start': '809.920', 'end': '815.120', 'text': 'a'}, {'start': '815.120', 'end': '820.760', 'text': 'letter, the grandson of Shri Prithvi Narayan Shah,\nShri Yuvraj Pratap Singh, son of Shri  When'}, {'start': '820.760', 'end': '827.279', 'text': 'Nayak Raj Nagendra Shah was born, there was a celebration\nand when Majkur Nayak Saheb'}, {'start': '827.279', 'end': '834.279', 'text': 'passed away, it is also mentioned that Hira Dwar was punished by cutting off his nose.'}, {'start': '834.279', 'end': '838.600', 'text': 'When we study these incidents, it becomes clear that Prithvi Narayan\nShah not only achieved fame but'}, {'start': '838.600', 'end': '843.920', 'text': 'also cut off the noses of others in a fit of anger. What\nwe'}, {'start': '843.920', 'end': '848.720', 'text': 'understand from this is that from the very beginning, Shri Pach, Maharajdhiraj\nPrithvi Narayan Shah was a'}, {'start': '848.720', 'end': '854.160', 'text': 'king who loved loyalty and discipline, whose nature was\nalso seen as harsh. During his reign,'}, {'start': '854.160', 'end': '859.279', 'text': 'he had shown a tendency to punish those who violated discipline.\nCertainly,'}, {'start': '859.279', 'end': '864.480', 'text': 'Shri Pach, Badama and Dharaj Prithvi Narayan Shah\nwere strict disciplinarians. That is why'}, {'start': '864.480', 'end': '870.560', 'text': 'Prithvi Narayan Shah succeeded in building the entire Nepal of today. It seems that these qualities are necessary for\na'}, {'start': '870.560', 'end': '877.399', 'text': 'talented and determined king,\nand'}, {'start': '877.399', 'end': '882.839', 'text': 'perhaps this was the need of the time.\nToday, we accuse Shri Pach, Badmara, Dharaj'}, {'start': '882.839', 'end': '888.279', 'text': 'Prithvi Narayan Shah of being hard-hearted\nor of various things,'}, {'start': '888.279', 'end': '893.360', 'text': 'but\naccording to the demands of the time, Shri Pach, Badmaradhiraj'}, {'start': '893.360', 'end': '898.800', 'text': 'Prithvi Narayan Shah moved at the same\ntime that'}, {'start': '898.800', 'end': '904.440', 'text': 'he completed his victorious campaign.\nTherefore, we'}, {'start': '904.440', 'end': '910.360', 'text': 'should not have bad feelings towards Prithvi Narayan Shah because\nhe gave us a single Nepal.'}, {'start': '910.360', 'end': '916.680', 'text': 'I, Lokendra Budthoki, am'}, {'start': '916.680', 'end': '923.909', 'text': 'bidding farewell, promising to come back again with similar materials. Hail, Jai Nepal, Jai Janani\n[Music]'}]