Göteborg då/nu: Från handel till vitsar
EFN Ekonomikanalen
[{'start': '2.000', 'end': '6.833', 'text': 'Does Gothenburg have a soul?\nAnd why is it so "fragile" here?'}, {'start': '6.900', 'end': '10.100', 'text': 'And why are so many tall buildings being built here?'}, {'start': '10.167', 'end': '13.433', 'text': 'And why is Copenhagen as a city\nbetter than Gothenburg?'}, {'start': '13.500', 'end': '16.067', 'text': 'I will be quiet.  You can talk.'}, {'start': '16.133', 'end': '19.867', 'text': "That's what our reporter Anders Frick\nwill try to find out - -in"}, {'start': '19.933', 'end': '25.767', 'text': 'this series about how Gothenburg\nbecame Gothenburg, and where Gothenburg is headed.'}, {'start': '25.833', 'end': '30.300', 'text': "I'd probably rather look a little more grim.\nMaybe like this."}, {'start': '36.700', 'end': '41.733', 'text': 'Here you can also get a glimpse\nof the jagged fortress system.'}, {'start': '41.800', 'end': '47.300', 'text': 'Typical Gothenburg is probably what it shares with\ncities like Marseille, Manchester or Genoa.'}, {'start': '47.367', 'end': '51.167', 'text': "So it doesn't become so lifeless\nand empty and dark."}, {'start': '52.300', 'end': '55.533', 'text': 'Giant-free, car-free area.'}, {'start': '55.600', 'end': '60.000', 'text': "The long-term, historical perspective does\nn't exist in Gothenburg anymore."}, {'start': '60.067', 'end': '63.800', 'text': "Filming up there is a bit of fun.\nThat's pretty damn cheeky."}, {'start': '76.267', 'end': '79.967', 'text': 'This is Kristian Wedel,\nGothenburg expert, author and'}, {'start': '80.033', 'end': '82.800', 'text': 'long-time reporter\nat Göteborgs-Posten.'}, {'start': '82.867', 'end': '87.667', 'text': 'He has written many articles and books\nabout the city, its history and characters.'}, {'start': '87.733', 'end': '92.567', 'text': 'We Gothenburgers are cheerful,\nand sometimes we make little mistakes...'}, {'start': '92.633', 'end': '96.100', 'text': 'But for me, Kristian Wedel is more\nthan a writer.'}, {'start': '96.167', 'end': '99.533', 'text': 'He is the undisputed master of the art of cheesemaking.'}, {'start': '101.500', 'end': '106.000', 'text': '-It looks like a map.\n-This is a map.'}, {'start': '106.067', 'end': '111.500', 'text': 'A map in the very paving stones here\nat Gustaf Adolfs Torg.'}, {'start': '111.567', 'end': '117.333', 'text': 'Now you are standing at Gustaf Adolfs Torg, on the map,\nand in reality - -and'}, {'start': '117.400', 'end': '121.333', 'text': 'I am actually standing in\nthe middle of the Stora Hamnkanalen.'}, {'start': '121.400', 'end': '125.900', 'text': "This red stone,\nthat's the Stora Hamnkanalen."}, {'start': '125.967', 'end': '128.767', 'text': 'Over here the map begins.'}, {'start': '128.833', 'end': '133.700', 'text': "The Dutch come, they dig in here,\nthat's where the canal is in reality."}, {'start': '133.767', 'end': '137.900', 'text': 'Here we also see that there were\nsignificantly more channels from the beginning.'}, {'start': '137.967', 'end': '141.100', 'text': 'Here we have a canal, there we have a canal...'}, {'start': '141.167', 'end': '143.500', 'text': 'They are now blocked.'}, {'start': '143.567', 'end': '151.000', 'text': 'Then we can get a sense of this\njagged fortification system around the city... where'}, {'start': '151.067', 'end': '154.300', 'text': 'the waterways were moats.'}, {'start': '165.967', 'end': '171.467', 'text': "We are in search of Gothenburg's soul,\nyou and I, in a way, for the TV viewers."}, {'start': '171.533', 'end': '177.600', 'text': 'Then it feels good to start here at Kometen\nover a sej.'}, {'start': '177.667', 'end': '180.633', 'text': 'Of course we will eat fish in Gothenburg.'}, {'start': '180.700', 'end': '184.733', 'text': 'If you take a broad historical overview\nof Gothenburg -'}, {'start': '184.800', 'end': '191.167', 'text': '-and we can perhaps afford to do that...\nGothenburg has a 400-year history.'}, {'start': '191.233', 'end': '196.667', 'text': 'During these 400 years, let us be clear\n, Gothenburg has been a fortress.'}, {'start': '196.733', 'end': '202.800', 'text': "They had to protect this city\nagainst the Danes.  That's how it is primarily."}, {'start': '202.867', 'end': '207.333', 'text': 'From the very first moment,\nit was a divided city... ...where'}, {'start': '207.400', 'end': '212.400', 'text': 'wealthy merchants, initially often\nDutch and Scots, held their own... ...and'}, {'start': '212.467', 'end': '217.833', 'text': 'then we had a large, poor group\nof soldiers.'}, {'start': '217.900', 'end': '222.267', 'text': 'That group was no longer there in 1925, but...'}, {'start': '222.333', 'end': '226.433', 'text': "For most of Gothenburg's history,\nGothenburg has stood out from other cities -"}, {'start': '226.500', 'end': '234.367', 'text': '- in that it has had a huge\ngroup, an impoverished soldier population - - and'}, {'start': '234.433', 'end': '241.700', 'text': 'for most of the 19th century, it\nhad a very wealthy wholesale merchant elite.'}, {'start': '241.767', 'end': '248.367', 'text': 'These were people, usually old men with\nbig plaid suits and huge sideburns, who were'}, {'start': '248.433', 'end': '251.633', 'text': 'making an awful lot of money.'}, {'start': '261.900', 'end': '266.300', 'text': 'Now we are at the point that\nperhaps best embodies the'}, {'start': '266.367', 'end': '273.400', 'text': 'old Gothenburg 19th century\nfinancial aristocracy, the wholesale merchant elite.'}, {'start': '273.467', 'end': '277.800', 'text': 'Here, in this palace, lived Oscar Dickson.'}, {'start': '277.867', 'end': '281.067', 'text': 'They were bottomlessly wealthy, the Dickson family.'}, {'start': '281.133', 'end': '285.367', 'text': 'They largely controlled\nthe Swedish timber industry.'}, {'start': '285.433', 'end': '290.867', 'text': 'Oscar Dickson lived here,\nand he was so wealthy that'}, {'start': '290.933', 'end': '295.967', 'text': 'when the king came to visit, when Charles XV\ncame to visit Gothenburg in the 1860s,'}, {'start': '296.033', 'end': '300.467', 'text': 'the atmosphere became miserable\nfor the simple reason that here in Gothenburg, at the home of'}, {'start': '300.533', 'end': '304.800', 'text': 'the Gothenburg wholesaler,\nit was much more luxurious than'}, {'start': '304.867', 'end': '309.833', 'text': 'at the palace in Stockholm.\nBad mood right away.'}, {'start': '325.767', 'end': '329.167', 'text': 'In stark contrast to the luxury\nof Dicksonska Palatset,'}, {'start': '329.233', 'end': '333.800', 'text': 'Gothenburg during the 19th century was characterized\nby a serious housing shortage.'}, {'start': '333.867', 'end': '339.800', 'text': 'Many workers were forced to live under difficult\nconditions in cramped and damp basements.'}, {'start': '339.867', 'end': '344.600', 'text': 'To address the growing problem,\nbusinessman Robert Dickson establishes a foundation with the'}, {'start': '344.667', 'end': '348.500', 'text': 'goal of building affordable housing\nfor the working class.  The'}, {'start': '348.567', 'end': '353.433', 'text': 'aim was not only to alleviate the need,\nbut also to prevent it.'}, {'start': '354.433', 'end': '359.200', 'text': "His son, James Dickson, founded\nScandinavia's first public library in Haga -"}, {'start': '359.267', 'end': '362.933', 'text': '-with the ambition of offering\nfree entertainment.'}, {'start': '363.000', 'end': '366.833', 'text': 'Education and reading enjoyment for everyone.'}, {'start': '368.467', 'end': '372.400', 'text': 'Even today, the legacy lives on.  The\nRobert Dickson Foundation owns and manages'}, {'start': '372.467', 'end': '378.900', 'text': 'over 1,400 rental apartments in Gothenburg,\nand the oldest house, built in 1861, still stands'}, {'start': '378.967', 'end': '381.800', 'text': 'here in Haga.'}, {'start': '383.200', 'end': '389.067', 'text': 'Gothenburg schoolchildren are taught\nthat the Dickson family stands for...'}, {'start': '389.133', 'end': '394.933', 'text': '...charity, for generous foundations\nthat alleviate the housing shortage'}, {'start': '395.000', 'end': '399.567', 'text': '- -and for glamorous wealth, you could say.'}, {'start': '399.633', 'end': '403.667', 'text': 'Then the school children in Norrland get to read\nabout the exact same family -'}, {'start': '403.733', 'end': '409.667', 'text': '-and in Norrland the Dickson family are villains,\nso-called "baggbölare".'}, {'start': '409.733', 'end': '413.733', 'text': 'It was the Dickson family who,\naccording to Norrland tradition, -'}, {'start': '413.800', 'end': '419.033', 'text': '-swindled the farmers out of the forest,\nand seized it, and there...'}, {'start': '419.100', 'end': '424.500', 'text': 'There are almost colonial aspects\nto this story.'}, {'start': '424.567', 'end': '428.967', 'text': 'You can kind of imagine the\nDickson family...'}, {'start': '429.033', 'end': '435.767', 'text': '...taking over the Ljusnan valley,\nbringing in brandy and shady contracts... ...and'}, {'start': '435.833', 'end': '440.500', 'text': 'gaining control of sawmills\nand waterways and all that.'}, {'start': '440.567', 'end': '443.567', 'text': 'And there they are called "baggboelare".'}, {'start': '455.100', 'end': '459.467', 'text': "We are simply\nat Gothenburg's major traffic hub."}, {'start': '459.533', 'end': '462.467', 'text': 'We are also standing below an interesting map.'}, {'start': '462.533', 'end': '467.733', 'text': 'Here we have an old railway map,\na mural of the Bergslagsbanan Line.  The'}, {'start': '467.800', 'end': '471.633', 'text': 'travelers walking by\nhave no idea that'}, {'start': '471.700', 'end': '479.500', 'text': 'this was a red-hot conflict\nin Gothenburg in the 1860s and 1870s.'}, {'start': '480.533', 'end': '486.500', 'text': 'If Gothenburg was to continue expanding,\nit needed a lot of railways'}, {'start': '486.567', 'end': '491.133', 'text': '- and it was not satisfied with how the Riksdag\nin Stockholm was working on the issue.  There was'}, {'start': '491.200', 'end': '496.800', 'text': 'simply no time to wait for the\nRiksdag to finance what'}, {'start': '496.867', 'end': '501.900', 'text': "they thought was absolutely necessary\nfrom Gothenburg's point of view, namely..."}, {'start': '501.967', 'end': '507.700', 'text': 'You could say an extra main line from Gothenburg\nup towards Falun, towards the uplands.'}, {'start': '507.767', 'end': '511.833', 'text': 'Instead, this railway was financed\nwith its own funds.'}, {'start': '511.900', 'end': '517.133', 'text': 'It was an enormous undertaking\nthat the Gothenburg merchants made -'}, {'start': '517.200', 'end': '522.700', 'text': '-and even for them, you could say\nit was a daunting task.'}, {'start': '522.767', 'end': '527.433', 'text': 'A new, aggressive commercial bank was started,\nGöteborgs Handelskompani - - whose'}, {'start': '527.500', 'end': '534.200', 'text': 'sole task was basically\nto finance this enormous project - - with'}, {'start': '534.267', 'end': '540.667', 'text': 'railway stations and...\npump houses and stilts - - and'}, {'start': '540.733', 'end': '545.667', 'text': 'all the infrastructure\nrequired around a railway construction.'}, {'start': '545.733', 'end': '550.700', 'text': 'There was a huge crash,\na major bankruptcy, in 1879 -'}, {'start': '550.767', 'end': '554.467', 'text': '-but the railroad was basically completed by then.'}, {'start': '569.800', 'end': '573.767', 'text': "You could say it's a bit reminiscent of the\ndot-com crash of 2000."}, {'start': '573.833', 'end': '578.667', 'text': 'It was a big crash,\nbut we still have IT as an infrastructure.'}, {'start': '578.733', 'end': '583.267', 'text': 'We still have the digital infrastructure\nthat crashed then.  The'}, {'start': '583.333', 'end': '588.700', 'text': 'railway remained after the crash,\nand thanks to the foresight -'}, {'start': '588.767', 'end': '592.700', 'text': '-that the bold Gothenburg merchants showed\nat the end of the 19th century- -Göteborg was able to'}, {'start': '592.767', 'end': '598.533', 'text': 'continue expanding, and then\nwhen the third wave of industrialization came - -in'}, {'start': '598.600', 'end': '605.633', 'text': 'Gothenburg at the beginning of the 20th century\nwith the Götaverken, the Gamlestadens Fabriker -'}, {'start': '605.700', 'end': '609.033', 'text': '-with SKF, for example...'}, {'start': '609.100', 'end': '617.000', 'text': 'Then Gothenburg was ready to become a big city.\nMuch thanks to the railway.'}, {'start': '628.367', 'end': '633.600', 'text': 'You\'ve written a book.\nIt was called "The Hunt for the Soul of Gothenburg".'}, {'start': '633.667', 'end': '638.133', 'text': 'If you can give a hint here... What is the answer?\nWhat is the soul of Gothenburg?'}, {'start': '638.200', 'end': '640.700', 'text': 'What is the answer?  What is the result?'}, {'start': '640.767', 'end': '645.167', 'text': 'Yes, it depends a bit on what kind of answer\nyou are looking for.'}, {'start': '645.233', 'end': '652.533', 'text': "If we're going to talk about Gothenburg's economic soul,\nwhich is possibly a theme today..."}, {'start': '652.600', 'end': '657.267', 'text': '...then Gothenburg has been a trading city\nthroughout its history -'}, {'start': '657.333', 'end': '665.733', 'text': '-and during the 20th century, an industrial city for a long time.\nIt still is to some extent -'}, {'start': '665.800', 'end': '674.100', 'text': '-but for almost half a century,\nGothenburg can probably be said to be a post-industrial city.'}, {'start': '674.167', 'end': '676.900', 'text': 'But about 100 years ago...'}, {'start': '676.967', 'end': '682.167', 'text': 'How did Gothenburg develop then?\nWhat happened in the city then'}, {'start': '682.233', 'end': '685.267', 'text': '- - in terms of Gothenburg as an industrial city?'}, {'start': '685.333', 'end': '688.233', 'text': 'What happened?  And now you say "100 years ago".'}, {'start': '688.300', 'end': '695.533', 'text': 'Now we have January 2025, so 1925. Yes, there is a\nlot happening in the 20s in Gothenburg.'}, {'start': '695.600', 'end': '699.167', 'text': 'Gothenburg exploded into the terrain...'}, {'start': '699.233', 'end': '702.367', 'text': 'This was a golden age for Gothenburg.'}, {'start': '702.433', 'end': '705.867', 'text': "Götaverken was then\none of the world's leading shipyards -"}, {'start': '705.933', 'end': '709.800', 'text': "SKF was the world's largest ball bearing factory - and"}, {'start': '709.867', 'end': '712.767', 'text': 'Volvo was just in the starting blocks.'}, {'start': '712.833', 'end': '717.500', 'text': 'You need to use the ball bearings\nfor something, you felt.'}, {'start': '717.567', 'end': '721.667', 'text': 'If we were to travel\nto these parts with a time machine...'}, {'start': '721.733', 'end': '727.733', 'text': 'We are right next to Avenyn now.\nIn the 1920s, we would encounter a city - which'}, {'start': '727.800', 'end': '733.533', 'text': 'of course struggled with the social\nproblems that Gothenburg has always had - with'}, {'start': '733.600', 'end': '737.467', 'text': 'a large segregation,\na large group of poor people - and'}, {'start': '737.533', 'end': '743.033', 'text': 'which still suffers from the aftermath\nof various pandemics and crises.'}, {'start': '743.100', 'end': '748.500', 'text': 'But basically, you would have arrived, in\n1925, to a city... with'}, {'start': '748.567', 'end': '751.200', 'text': 'enormous self-confidence.'}, {'start': '751.267', 'end': '757.333', 'text': "A city that's actually a bit discreet...\nIn the salons, people talked behind closed doors about"}, {'start': '757.400', 'end': '764.100', 'text': 'maybe thinking about\npassing through Stockholm sometime in the future.'}, {'start': '764.167', 'end': '768.667', 'text': 'This was a city of merchants who...'}, {'start': '768.733', 'end': '774.367', 'text': 'They had started as wholesalers and\ngradually ate their way into more and more parts of'}, {'start': '774.433', 'end': '779.567', 'text': 'these trade routes,\nand eventually became industrialists.'}, {'start': '779.633', 'end': '783.633', 'text': 'Today there is a word for this,\nnamely "entrepreneur".'}, {'start': '783.700', 'end': '788.467', 'text': "But that phrase wasn't in vogue then,\n100 years ago."}, {'start': '798.900', 'end': '804.467', 'text': 'I like this.  Sometimes when you walk\nin Gothenburg with older Gothenburgers,'}, {'start': '804.533', 'end': '809.033', 'text': 'they can burst out in sadness that\nthe old glory days are gone.'}, {'start': '809.100', 'end': '815.500', 'text': '"The old Gothenburg shipyards are gone,\nand have not left a trace behind."'}, {'start': '821.000', 'end': '825.700', 'text': "But that's not really true.\nHere we have a magnificent track."}, {'start': '825.767', 'end': '831.733', 'text': 'A fairly steady track.  The giant\nchandeliers at Kungsportsbron.'}, {'start': '831.800', 'end': '835.367', 'text': 'Here it says:\n"Cast by Gothenburg Mech. Workshop."'}, {'start': '835.433', 'end': '840.667', 'text': '"Göteborgs Mek. Verkstad", Gothenburg\nMechanical Workshop, that\'s Götaverken.  The'}, {'start': '840.733', 'end': '844.467', 'text': "world's largest shipyard has not\ndisappeared without a trace."}, {'start': '844.533', 'end': '848.900', 'text': 'There are plenty of traces in Gothenburg\nafter the Götaverken.  Here we have one.'}, {'start': '848.967', 'end': '852.067', 'text': 'The market hall is another such trail.'}, {'start': '875.467', 'end': '879.933', 'text': 'Now, in the 2020s, so... A\nlot is happening in Gothenburg -'}, {'start': '880.000', 'end': '885.633', 'text': '-and a lot will happen in the next few\ndecades, and we get different explanations...'}, {'start': '885.700', 'end': '889.667', 'text': "Someone says that\na new Halmstad should be built every ten years.  I don't really understand"}, {'start': '889.733', 'end': '895.000', 'text': 'why we are now using Halmstad as a reference\n.'}, {'start': '895.067', 'end': '900.433', 'text': "But we have a poor depth of vision\nof Gothenburg's history."}, {'start': '900.500', 'end': '905.133', 'text': "The most transformative change\nin Gothenburg's history was"}, {'start': '905.200', 'end': '910.433', 'text': 'the so-called "wall demolition".\nGothenburg had been built as a fortress - -and'}, {'start': '910.500', 'end': '915.533', 'text': 'we should be clear that walls,\nramparts and moats took up more space - -than'}, {'start': '915.600', 'end': '920.667', 'text': 'the rest of the city.\nSo those are huge areas.'}, {'start': '920.733', 'end': '927.333', 'text': 'These areas are now located in what we\nare used to calling central Gothenburg.'}, {'start': '927.400', 'end': '932.600', 'text': 'But if you want to get a sense of\nhow big the changes were -'}, {'start': '932.667', 'end': '937.033', 'text': '- in the second half of the 19th century\nwhen they actually decided to -'}, {'start': '937.100', 'end': '941.967', 'text': '- demolish all these fortifications, or\nalmost all of them, a few small pieces remain... So'}, {'start': '942.033', 'end': '948.533', 'text': "it's a belt of fortifications,\nof redoubts, ravelins, bastions - -"}, {'start': '948.600', 'end': '953.300', 'text': 'passages where soldiers ran,\nammunition depots, cannons...'}, {'start': '953.367', 'end': '958.533', 'text': '...which ultimately became like a straitjacket\nfor Gothenburg.'}, {'start': '958.600', 'end': '962.767', 'text': 'And then they decide to demolish it,\nand it took a couple of decades.'}, {'start': '962.833', 'end': '970.733', 'text': 'It is a project that shaped\nthe people of Gothenburg for an entire lifetime.'}, {'start': '970.800', 'end': '975.000', 'text': 'So, they could remember how someone...'}, {'start': '975.067', 'end': '981.200', 'text': 'When they were children, walls were torn down.\nWhen they were old, walls were torn down.'}, {'start': '995.267', 'end': '1001.267', 'text': 'When I see Gothenburg like this,\nI always feel like this is a...'}, {'start': '1002.533', 'end': '1008.100', 'text': '...grim and rocky, semi-arctic small town...'}, {'start': '1008.167', 'end': '1011.333', 'text': '..near the North Pole...'}, {'start': '1011.400', 'end': '1018.633', 'text': '...that I am very fond of,\nand have spent my entire adult life in.'}, {'start': '1018.700', 'end': '1023.933', 'text': 'And... But I also tend to\nthink about the people of Gothenburg.'}, {'start': '1024.000', 'end': '1032.367', 'text': 'I often think of the people of Gothenburg who walk around here\nin this semi-arctic, grumpy city... and'}, {'start': '1032.433', 'end': '1038.033', 'text': 'tell these jokes\nto keep warm, as it were.'}, {'start': '1038.100', 'end': '1043.267', 'text': 'So the jokes are a compensatory phenomenon.'}, {'start': '1043.333', 'end': '1048.867', 'text': "It's not because we're superficial and shallow\nthat we Gothenburgers tell jokes"}, {'start': '1048.933', 'end': '1054.600', 'text': "- -it's to survive in the cold,\nin the wind, in the harshness."}, {'start': '1054.667', 'end': '1058.200', 'text': '-Have you heard that the fish truck crashed?\n-What then?'}, {'start': '1058.267', 'end': '1061.900', 'text': 'No, it was a salmon injury.  Sorry.'}, {'start': '1066.300', 'end': '1070.100', 'text': 'In the next episode, Anders Frick will meet\nBjörn Siesjö, who'}, {'start': '1070.167', 'end': '1074.167', 'text': "has been Gothenburg's city architect for 13 years."}, {'start': '1074.233', 'end': '1077.867', 'text': 'What feels most Gothenburg-like about\nwhat you see in front of you?'}, {'start': '1077.933', 'end': '1083.800', 'text': 'The relationship to the river, of course,\nand perhaps also a slightly rougher scale - -than'}, {'start': '1083.867', 'end': '1089.233', 'text': 'a city like Stockholm,\nwhich is a bit tidier.'}, {'start': '1089.300', 'end': '1093.000', 'text': 'Should we continue with this,\nor try to get things in order...'}, {'start': '1093.067', 'end': '1098.667', 'text': "I don't really know what order is.\nOrder and order are next to boring."}]