भारत में क्यों नहीं लागू होते सैलरी से जुड़े कानून? [Minimum wage: Economic booster or death knell?]
DW हिन्दी
[{'start': '0.000', 'end': '4.950', 'text': 'Many of you might have\ncelebrated holiday on May Day i.e. International Labor Day.'}, {'start': '5.030', 'end': '11.390', 'text': 'While many real labourers will be working in the fields, barns and factories\nand many corporate workers will be working in the offices on this day too'}, {'start': '11.390', 'end': '12.380', 'text': '.  If we'}, {'start': '12.390', 'end': '18.470', 'text': 'talk about the world, on May 1, many people take to the\nstreets for the rights of employees.'}, {'start': '18.703', 'end': '20.970', 'text': 'Such demonstrations also take place in Germany.'}, {'start': '20.989', 'end': '24.550', 'text': 'In most of such demonstrations,\nsalary hike is an important issue.'}, {'start': '24.989', 'end': '26.700', 'text': 'Same thing happened this year also.'}, {'start': '26.710', 'end': '32.976', 'text': 'Amid rising inflation, almost all labour\nunions in Germany are demanding a hike in every type of salary,'}, {'start': '32.976', 'end': '39.310', 'text': 'but the most important one is to\nincrease the salary of those who belong to the low-income group of employees'}, {'start': '39.310', 'end': '42.870', 'text': 'and are at the bottom of the economic ladder.'}, {'start': '42.870', 'end': '48.870', 'text': 'You will say that it is good that the\nsalaries of people at the lower rung of the economic ladder increase.'}, {'start': '48.870', 'end': '54.830', 'text': 'But economists are\nnot unanimous on the issue of sharp increase in the minimum wage of the people.'}, {'start': '54.830', 'end': '60.716', 'text': "They are still debating whether a sharp increase in the minimum wage is\ngood for the country's economy"}, {'start': '60.716', 'end': '63.069', 'text': 'or a threat to it.'}, {'start': '64.800', 'end': '67.140', 'text': 'Washing, cutting and trimming...'}, {'start': '67.160', 'end': '71.510', 'text': 'Oksana has been doing this for three years\nat the Cutman hair salon in Berlin.'}, {'start': '71.510', 'end': '76.923', 'text': 'Like many people in this business, she has a\npassion for making her customers look stylish… and'}, {'start': '76.923', 'end': '79.343', 'text': 'she also has friendly conversations with them.'}, {'start': '79.343', 'end': '82.503', 'text': 'But\nlike many hairdressers, he is worried...'}, {'start': '82.503', 'end': '86.583', 'text': 'because in a time of high inflation,\nhe is paid only minimum wage.'}, {'start': '86.583', 'end': '90.903', 'text': 'In Germany, 6 million people\nwork on a salary of 12 Euro 82 cents per hour...'}, {'start': '91.390', 'end': '95.030', 'text': 'most of them are in supermarkets,\nrestaurants and service sector.'}, {'start': '95.750', 'end': '98.830', 'text': 'Their exact earnings are determined by an independent commission.'}, {'start': '98.830', 'end': '104.023', 'text': 'They find out the median salary and then\nfix the minimum wage at 60 percent accordingly.'}, {'start': '104.023', 'end': '108.383', 'text': "But the\nmath of higher pay isn't that easy for employers."}, {'start': '110.000', 'end': '113.310', 'text': 'In Cutman, this will mean that we will have to do layoffs...'}, {'start': '113.310', 'end': '116.310', 'text': 'because this will increase expenses\nand we will have to increase the prices... it is'}, {'start': '116.310', 'end': '121.550', 'text': '100 per cent certain that we will have to recover this inflation\nfrom the customers because the money has to come from somewhere'}, {'start': '121.550', 'end': '122.930', 'text': '.'}, {'start': '122.937', 'end': '128.940', 'text': 'Since the minimum wage was standardized in 2015\n, wages have risen steadily.'}, {'start': '128.940', 'end': '131.210', 'text': 'Then it was 8 euros 50 cents.'}, {'start': '131.210', 'end': '137.970', 'text': 'If the minimum wage now rises to 15 euros, as is\nexpected, it would mean an'}, {'start': '137.970', 'end': '141.480', 'text': 'increase of 76 per cent in the minimum wage over the last 10 years.'}, {'start': '141.790', 'end': '145.350', 'text': 'This is much more than the normal increase in salary.'}, {'start': '145.350', 'end': '149.660', 'text': 'Which has increased by only 24 percent since 2015.'}, {'start': '149.669', 'end': '152.600', 'text': "In this matter, India's situation is different from Germany."}, {'start': '152.620', 'end': '156.470', 'text': 'Here the Minimum Wages Act was enacted in the year 1948 itself.'}, {'start': '156.470', 'end': '162.270', 'text': 'This ensured that every employee\nreceived at least the minimum salary fixed by the government.'}, {'start': '162.280', 'end': '166.270', 'text': 'Whereas in Germany, until 2015, unions and\nemployers decided among themselves the'}, {'start': '169.950', 'end': '171.900', 'text': 'minimum salary employees should receive.  This'}, {'start': '171.910', 'end': '177.590', 'text': 'means that India was among the\nfirst developing countries in the world to make such a law related to minimum salary.'}, {'start': '178.870', 'end': '184.270', 'text': 'However, in India, most of the salary and minimum salary\nrules were applicable only to those working in the organized sector'}, {'start': '184.270', 'end': '185.380', 'text': '.'}, {'start': '185.389', 'end': '192.310', 'text': 'When the Code on Wages came in the year 2019, then it was\nfully implemented on the employees of the unorganized sector as well'}, {'start': '192.310', 'end': '193.419', 'text': '.  The'}, {'start': '193.430', 'end': '199.950', 'text': 'Central Government fixed a limit for the minimum wage and a\nrule was made that no state government can fix a wage lower than the'}, {'start': '199.950', 'end': '204.310', 'text': 'minimum wage fixed by the Centre in its state.'}, {'start': '204.310', 'end': '206.980', 'text': 'An expert committee fixed the minimum wages.'}, {'start': '206.990', 'end': '212.830', 'text': 'For this, many things were taken into consideration, such as\nstandard of living, daily calories, clothes, house'}, {'start': '212.830', 'end': '215.340', 'text': 'rent, education, health etc.'}, {'start': '215.350', 'end': '221.310', 'text': 'Even after doing all this, the minimum wage\nfixed by the government was Rs 178 per day.'}, {'start': '221.310', 'end': '223.420', 'text': 'Which remains the same even today.'}, {'start': '223.430', 'end': '230.270', 'text': 'Obviously, the state governments of India have\nfixed much higher minimum wages than this and have also increased it from time to time.'}, {'start': '231.870', 'end': '238.750', 'text': 'But how is it possible that in India, a country with all kinds of diversity, there is\nno diversity in this matter?'}, {'start': '238.830', 'end': '244.310', 'text': 'That is why even today there is a\nhuge difference in minimum wages between different states.'}, {'start': '244.470', 'end': '248.470', 'text': 'For example, in West Bengal, the minimum wage for an unskilled worker\ncan be Rs 366 per day,'}, {'start': '251.870', 'end': '257.800', 'text': 'whereas in Delhi, even an unskilled worker can\nget a maximum minimum wage of Rs 710 per day.'}, {'start': '257.800', 'end': '260.930', 'text': 'That is, almost twice more than West Bengal.'}, {'start': '261.230', 'end': '266.510', 'text': 'However, in India there has always been a problem regarding the\nimplementation of salary related laws across the country.  The'}, {'start': '267.950', 'end': '274.110', 'text': 'most important reason for this is that different states in India\nset different minimum wages for themselves.  There are'}, {'start': '274.150', 'end': '279.580', 'text': 'some states in India which\neven fix different salaries for their districts.'}, {'start': '279.870', 'end': '284.140', 'text': 'Every state has\nalso set different standards for determining minimum wages.  While'}, {'start': '284.589', 'end': '291.480', 'text': 'deciding the salary, the sector, skill\nlevel of the employees, rural and urban conditions etc. are'}, {'start': '291.480', 'end': '292.410', 'text': 'taken into consideration.'}, {'start': '295.130', 'end': '302.300', 'text': 'Back to Germany, where the\npros and cons of a higher minimum wage are now being hotly debated.'}, {'start': '302.300', 'end': '306.610', 'text': 'And there is a lot of discussion on this among economists as well\n.  There are'}, {'start': '307.077', 'end': '311.830', 'text': 'many strong arguments for a higher minimum wage...'}, {'start': '311.880', 'end': '314.920', 'text': 'it guarantees higher earnings for many people.'}, {'start': '314.920', 'end': '316.990', 'text': 'This also helps the economy...'}, {'start': '317.000', 'end': '321.110', 'text': 'it becomes dynamic, demand increases and so does productivity.'}, {'start': '322.760', 'end': '327.120', 'text': "A higher minimum wage certainly\nincreases people's purchasing power..."}, {'start': '327.170', 'end': '331.600', 'text': 'but we must also be clear\nthat it also increases the prices of goods and services.'}, {'start': '331.640', 'end': '337.760', 'text': 'Because in reality, these higher salaries are\nreceived by those who deliver goods and services to us.'}, {'start': '339.750', 'end': '342.580', 'text': 'Take the example of haircuts at Cutman.  If the'}, {'start': '342.589', 'end': '348.110', 'text': 'prices increase here, there is a\nfear that the number of people coming to the salon will decrease.'}, {'start': '351.600', 'end': '357.600', 'text': 'We saw in the report that the\nincrease in minimum wage in Germany has been'}, {'start': '357.600', 'end': '360.600', 'text': 'three times more than the general wage increase.  In'}, {'start': '360.600', 'end': '367.550', 'text': 'such a situation, the debate that minimum wage hike will lead to inflation is\nacceptable but in the case of India,'}, {'start': '367.550', 'end': '369.300', 'text': 'any such debate would be meaningless.'}, {'start': '369.310', 'end': '374.390', 'text': 'In fact, the minimum wage increase in India has been\nslightly less than the general wage increase.'}, {'start': '374.790', 'end': '381.190', 'text': 'Then in Germany the minimum wage and its\nchanges are almost always implemented but'}, {'start': '381.190', 'end': '385.910', 'text': 'in India it is not easy to implement the minimum wage rules.  The'}, {'start': '386.150', 'end': '390.589', 'text': 'unorganized sector in India is\nstill not fully regulated.'}, {'start': '390.589', 'end': '394.830', 'text': 'Many employers here\nviolate minimum wage rules.'}, {'start': '394.910', 'end': '398.070', 'text': 'Apart from this, there are\nproblems in implementing them in villages also.'}, {'start': '398.150', 'end': '404.870', 'text': 'Then it is not possible to implement them without the awareness of the workers\nand most of the workers in India are'}, {'start': '404.870', 'end': '407.916', 'text': 'not even aware of such rules and regulations.'}, {'start': '407.916', 'end': '412.971', 'text': 'Whatever you think on this issue,\nwrite it in the comment box.  We will talk about that further.'}, {'start': '412.971', 'end': '415.798', 'text': "That's all for today.\nHello!"}]