【コーヒーと心臓】朝飲むと死亡率低下！(夜は飲まないほうが...)
ジャーナルクラブオンライン（心臓血管病の最新論文を紹介するチャンネル）
[{'start': '0.000', 'end': '9.240', 'text': '[MUSIC]'}, {'start': '9.519', 'end': '15.559', 'text': 'Good morning.  Today, Dr. Michi Moto from Saitama International Medical'}, {'start': '12.480', 'end': '18.840', 'text': 'Center will'}, {'start': '15.559', 'end': '23.039', 'text': 'be talking about how to drink coffee.  Well, Dr. Kogu, you'}, {'start': '23.039', 'end': '29.279', 'text': "'ve talked a few times about whether drinking coffee makes you more likely to have a heartbeat, and I"}, {'start': '29.279', 'end': '34.200', 'text': "think the conclusion was that it doesn't seem to have much of an effect,"}, {'start': '31.160', 'end': '37.440', 'text': "but I guess there's"}, {'start': '34.200', 'end': '39.360', 'text': "still a strong interest in coffee, and that's"}, {'start': '37.440', 'end': '40.800', 'text': "what I've come up with from this year's"}, {'start': '39.360', 'end': '43.640', 'text': 'European Heart Journal'}, {'start': '40.800', 'end': '46.680', 'text': '.  thank you.'}, {'start': '43.640', 'end': '49.440', 'text': 'thank you.  This is a Saitama book.  Today I'}, {'start': '46.680', 'end': '51.800', 'text': 'read about, um, healthy ways to drink coffee'}, {'start': '49.440', 'end': '53.800', 'text': '.  Well, regarding the binding'}, {'start': '51.800', 'end': '56.359', 'text': ', according to this literature, the'}, {'start': '53.800', 'end': '58.760', 'text': 'timing of coffee intake has'}, {'start': '58.760', 'end': '63.399', 'text': 'been shown to be associated with the risk of death.  It has been suggested that drinking coffee in the morning may be particularly'}, {'start': '61.120', 'end': '65.600', 'text': 'associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular disease'}, {'start': '63.399', 'end': '68.200', 'text': '.   It was'}, {'start': '72.799', 'end': '76.520', 'text': 'stated that when examining the relationship between coffee intake and health outcomes, it may be important to consider the timing of intake'}, {'start': '74.920', 'end': '78.640', 'text': '.'}, {'start': '76.520', 'end': '80.840', 'text': 'Let me start with an introduction,'}, {'start': '80.840', 'end': '85.079', 'text': 'about coffee and caffeine.'}, {'start': '82.880', 'end': '88.640', 'text': 'Coffee is a beverage that is widely consumed around the world, and'}, {'start': '94.159', 'end': '99.799', 'text': 'there is a tendency for coffee intake to increase as people get older, especially compared to younger people.  This'}, {'start': '99.799', 'end': '105.159', 'text': 'shows the percentage of coffee in caffeine intake, and it shows that'}, {'start': '102.479', 'end': '107.520', 'text': 'compared to teenagers,'}, {'start': '105.159', 'end': '109.719', 'text': 'people in their 30s and 40s are consuming more caffeine from coffee'}, {'start': '109.719', 'end': '113.560', 'text': '.'}, {'start': '110.560', 'end': '113.560', 'text': 'Also, caffeine intake is known to affect not only the brain, but also organs throughout the body, such as the liver, kidneys, neurological blood vessels, and the endocrine system.'}, {'start': '128.200', 'end': '131.200', 'text': 'Young people drink energy drinks.   I'}, {'start': '132.920', 'end': '137.599', 'text': 'agree.  yes.'}, {'start': '135.000', 'end': '140.599', 'text': 'So what is this?'}, {'start': '137.599', 'end': '140.599', 'text': 'Why does coffee consumption increase between the ages of 35 and 50? However, there seems to be a tendency for older people to consume more coffee, so I wonder if it'}, {'start': '151.160', 'end': '154.160', 'text': "has something to do with the taste? Is it that younger people can't tolerate the bitterness or they gradually become addicted to it"}, {'start': '159.640', 'end': '163.840', 'text': "?  That's interesting."}, {'start': '160.840', 'end': '163.840', 'text': 'Well, young people tend to drink soft drinks at a higher percentage, but I think the rest of the money goes to coffee.  About half.'}, {'start': '169.680', 'end': '174.760', 'text': 'surely.  yes.  yes.'}, {'start': '172.519', 'end': '177.040', 'text': 'thank you.  So,'}, {'start': '174.760', 'end': '179.400', 'text': 'regarding coffee intake and health'}, {'start': '177.040', 'end': '182.000', 'text': ', moderate coffee intake has been'}, {'start': '185.040', 'end': '189.519', 'text': 'shown to be associated with a lower risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease, and the US'}, {'start': '187.360', 'end': '191.599', 'text': 'dietary guidelines also recommend'}, {'start': '189.519', 'end': '194.280', 'text': 'moderate coffee intake as part of a healthy eating pattern'}, {'start': '194.280', 'end': '200.159', 'text': '.  So, regarding the amount of coffee consumed and its effect on health,'}, {'start': '197.760', 'end': '202.519', 'text': 'well, when it comes to'}, {'start': '200.159', 'end': '204.640', 'text': 'coffee consumption, there are still some contradictory aspects'}, {'start': '207.959', 'end': '212.200', 'text': 'in terms of the risk of cardiovascular disease and death when it comes to consuming large amounts of coffee, such as more than 3 to 5 cups a day.'}, {'start': '212.200', 'end': '216.959', 'text': 'In that regard, it is said that'}, {'start': '215.000', 'end': '219.680', 'text': 'there may be a relationship with smoking, the consumption'}, {'start': '216.959', 'end': '222.000', 'text': 'of caffeine-free coffee,'}, {'start': '219.680', 'end': '224.439', 'text': 'and also the genetically determined metabolic rate of caffeine, the'}, {'start': '222.000', 'end': '227.000', 'text': 'effects of flavorings added to coffee, and the'}, {'start': '224.439', 'end': '228.840', 'text': 'method of brewing coffee'}, {'start': '227.000', 'end': '231.200', 'text': 'may also have an influence,'}, {'start': '228.840', 'end': '235.040', 'text': 'but there is no clear answer yet'}, {'start': '231.200', 'end': '237.799', 'text': '.  Now,'}, {'start': '235.040', 'end': '240.959', 'text': 'circadianism, or the daily rhythm and'}, {'start': '237.799', 'end': '243.280', 'text': 'timing of food intake, has been attracting attention in recent years, and it is'}, {'start': '246.200', 'end': '251.000', 'text': 'gradually being shown that circadianism plays an important role in human eating behavior and bodily regulation'}, {'start': '248.560', 'end': '253.840', 'text': '.  It has also been reported that the'}, {'start': '251.000', 'end': '256.040', 'text': 'timing of meal intake may influence the relationship between diet and health conditions, and it has been'}, {'start': '263.360', 'end': '268.000', 'text': 'recommended that consciously controlling the timing and frequency of meals can help reduce health risks'}, {'start': '265.680', 'end': '270.680', 'text': ".  Specifically, it involves understanding each patient's"}, {'start': '268.000', 'end': '273.400', 'text': 'dietary awareness,'}, {'start': '270.680', 'end': '276.759', 'text': 'adjusting calorie distribution throughout the day, eating in the morning to'}, {'start': '273.400', 'end': '279.120', 'text': 'reduce the risk of heart disease, and'}, {'start': '276.759', 'end': '281.919', 'text': 'consistently ensuring a period of time at night when no one eats'}, {'start': '279.120', 'end': '284.479', 'text': '.  It is said that one option to prevent overeating is to'}, {'start': '281.919', 'end': '287.280', 'text': 'change the order and timing of your meals, or'}, {'start': '284.479', 'end': '289.440', 'text': 'even to go through complete fasting'}, {'start': '287.280', 'end': '291.440', 'text': '.  Well, this'}, {'start': '297.960', 'end': '304.039', 'text': 'idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a healthy diet by adjusting the timing of your meals is becoming more and more widespread.'}, {'start': '302.080', 'end': '305.960', 'text': 'So, when we'}, {'start': '304.039', 'end': '308.320', 'text': 'look at coffee from the perspective of circulatory system'}, {'start': '305.960', 'end': '310.720', 'text': ', it has been used for'}, {'start': '308.320', 'end': '313.440', 'text': 'many years to reduce drowsiness and promote alertness due to the stimulating effect of caffeine on the central nervous system'}, {'start': '313.440', 'end': '318.600', 'text': '.  It has been suggested that these effects may'}, {'start': '318.600', 'end': '323.479', 'text': 'disrupt daily circadian rhythms and thus influence the relationship between coffee intake and health outcomes'}, {'start': '323.479', 'end': '328.120', 'text': '.  However, it is still unclear whether there are'}, {'start': '326.039', 'end': '331.360', 'text': 'clear patterns in the timing of coffee consumption'}, {'start': '328.120', 'end': '333.319', 'text': 'and whether these patterns are associated with mortality risk'}, {'start': '333.319', 'end': '339.360', 'text': '.  So the purpose of this study is to'}, {'start': '339.360', 'end': '345.400', 'text': 'use cluster analysis in ancient methods and other research in the United States to'}, {'start': '345.400', 'end': '350.199', 'text': 'identify and verify timing patterns of coffee intake in groups'}, {'start': '347.560', 'end': '352.400', 'text': '.  In addition, we are'}, {'start': '350.199', 'end': '356.680', 'text': 'using this data to examine the association between timing'}, {'start': '352.400', 'end': '359.520', 'text': 'patterns and amount of coffee intake and total fat and'}, {'start': '356.680', 'end': '362.639', 'text': 'cause-specific fat risk'}, {'start': '359.520', 'end': '365.759', 'text': '.  In terms of the methodology, the'}, {'start': '362.639', 'end': '369.360', 'text': 'research design was a large-scale prospective observational study in the United States, and'}, {'start': '369.360', 'end': '374.759', 'text': 'the method'}, {'start': '374.759', 'end': '381.639', 'text': 'was a nationwide survey to assess the health and nutritional status of the American public, targeting general population across the United States'}, {'start': '378.120', 'end': '383.639', 'text': '.  Using this, we are'}, {'start': '381.639', 'end': '386.000', 'text': 'first identifying timing patterns of coffee intake'}, {'start': '383.639', 'end': '388.720', 'text': ', and then examining the association between these patterns and'}, {'start': '386.000', 'end': '392.080', 'text': 'total fat and cause-specific fat risk'}, {'start': '388.720', 'end': '395.360', 'text': '.  So, the subjects were 447,000 adults aged 18 and over, or'}, {'start': '402.759', 'end': '408.240', 'text': '40,725 people, who provided dietary records and fat data over the 10 cycles from 1999 to'}, {'start': '405.199', 'end': '409.400', 'text': '2018, which is one cycle of two years'}, {'start': '408.240', 'end': '412.400', 'text': '.'}, {'start': '409.400', 'end': '412.400', 'text': 'So, um, those who have been excluded are those who have had a new vascular event or who self-reported having concerns about side effects, those who were pregnant during the survey, and small numbers of cases where the amount of energy taken was extremely high or low.'}, {'start': '427.080', 'end': '430.080', 'text': 'What about drinking coffee while pregnant?'}, {'start': '431.960', 'end': '434.960', 'text': "Sorry.  I'm a bit sorry about that.  Sorry for my knowledge."}, {'start': '435.720', 'end': '438.720', 'text': "Well, I guess it's not really recommended.  yes.   I"}, {'start': '439.080', 'end': '442.800', 'text': 'generally have the image of it being decaffeinated, but I'}, {'start': '441.560', 'end': '445.639', 'text': "do have that image.   I'm"}, {'start': '442.800', 'end': '448.039', 'text': "sorry if that's correct.  I don't know.  Right"}, {'start': '445.639', 'end': '448.039', 'text': 'now.  yes.'}, {'start': '448.400', 'end': '453.360', 'text': 'So, um,'}, {'start': '451.199', 'end': '455.560', 'text': 'in regards to the virginity of the timing patterns of coffee intake, we'}, {'start': '455.560', 'end': '461.280', 'text': 'first refer to this, um, database and first of all, um, we conduct a 24-hour dietary'}, {'start': '458.800', 'end': '463.160', 'text': 'survey, where we ask participants to answer detailed questions about their meals the day before the interview for'}, {'start': '461.280', 'end': '465.400', 'text': 'two days'}, {'start': '463.160', 'end': '467.879', 'text': ', um, and, um, the'}, {'start': '465.400', 'end': '470.520', 'text': 'amount of coffee consumed, even if it is decaffeinated'}, {'start': '467.879', 'end': '473.360', 'text': ', is recorded.  So, we'}, {'start': '470.520', 'end': '475.919', 'text': 'divided the data into three periods - morning, afternoon and evening - and'}, {'start': '473.360', 'end': '478.560', 'text': 'calculated the daily frequency of intake for each time period.'}, {'start': '475.919', 'end': '480.639', 'text': 'Using this data, we'}, {'start': '478.560', 'end': '483.039', 'text': 'then performed a cluster analysis to'}, {'start': '480.639', 'end': '485.280', 'text': 'identify intake timing patterns.'}, {'start': '483.039', 'end': '488.680', 'text': 'Furthermore, to confirm the stability of the results of this cluster analysis, we are'}, {'start': '488.680', 'end': '495.240', 'text': 'first conducting two cluster analyses'}, {'start': '491.199', 'end': '497.560', 'text': 'using the data from the first and second days'}, {'start': '495.240', 'end': '499.840', 'text': 'separately, and we are also'}, {'start': '497.560', 'end': '502.440', 'text': 'conducting cluster analyses on the results of drinking caffeinated and'}, {'start': '499.840', 'end': '505.919', 'text': 'decaffeinated coffee'}, {'start': '505.919', 'end': '511.120', 'text': '.  Furthermore, cluster analysis,'}, {'start': '508.879', 'end': '513.680', 'text': 'um, one more thing, um, external validation is'}, {'start': '511.120', 'end': '515.919', 'text': 'also being conducted using other reports,'}, {'start': '513.680', 'end': '517.839', 'text': 'but this is a bit complicated'}, {'start': '515.919', 'end': '521.159', 'text': ', the life validation'}, {'start': '517.839', 'end': '523.440', 'text': 'study is being conducted in female and male versions, and the'}, {'start': '521.159', 'end': '527.279', 'text': 'female version is from a'}, {'start': '523.440', 'end': '529.959', 'text': 'long-term follow-up study of nurses across the United States'}, {'start': '527.279', 'end': '532.080', 'text': ', um, out of the 772 female nurses aged 45 to 80 years old who were extracted, the'}, {'start': '529.959', 'end': '535.120', 'text': 'data was collected, and'}, {'start': '535.120', 'end': '540.920', 'text': 'in the case of men, it was compared with the old method, which is a long-term follow-up study of male medical workers,'}, {'start': '538.200', 'end': '544.480', 'text': 'and, sorry,'}, {'start': '548.600', 'end': '555.880', 'text': 'Data was available from 691 men aged 46 to 82 years who were recruited from health insurance subscribers in the Boston area,'}, {'start': '552.120', 'end': '558.240', 'text': 'and an'}, {'start': '555.880', 'end': '561.000', 'text': 'analysis was conducted based on their lifestyles.  So, um,'}, {'start': '558.240', 'end': '563.560', 'text': 'these patients kept a seven-day food record on'}, {'start': '561.000', 'end': '566.360', 'text': 'two occasions, in different seasons'}, {'start': '563.560', 'end': '568.720', 'text': ', and in detail, the weight of food before and after eating was'}, {'start': '566.360', 'end': '570.880', 'text': 'measured, and the exact route and timing of intake was'}, {'start': '568.720', 'end': '573.640', 'text': 'also recorded'}, {'start': '570.880', 'end': '576.600', 'text': '.  Regarding the outcomes'}, {'start': '573.640', 'end': '579.800', 'text': ', the outcomes are total fat, angiogenesis, and cancer, and the'}, {'start': '576.600', 'end': '582.279', 'text': 'follow-up period is'}, {'start': '579.800', 'end': '585.000', 'text': 'from the date of the survey or examination, um, fat,'}, {'start': '582.279', 'end': '586.399', 'text': 'to the end date of follow-up.  To give an overview of the analysis'}, {'start': '585.000', 'end': '588.600', 'text': ', the researchers looked at fat risk by'}, {'start': '586.399', 'end': '591.560', 'text': 'combining the timing patterns and amount of coffee intake, and'}, {'start': '594.480', 'end': '600.240', 'text': 'also conducted sub-analyses by cause of death after adjusting for other factors'}, {'start': '597.320', 'end': '602.519', 'text': '.  So, regarding the results, first'}, {'start': '600.240', 'end': '605.079', 'text': 'of all, regarding the virginity of the cluster,'}, {'start': '602.519', 'end': '607.920', 'text': 'in this study, with regard to the time of day for coffee intake'}, {'start': '605.079', 'end': '610.079', 'text': ', um, we pressed'}, {'start': '607.920', 'end': '612.839', 'text': 'for two different patterns'}, {'start': '610.079', 'end': '615.640', 'text': '.  One is a morning type.  A group of people whose coffee intake was'}, {'start': '612.839', 'end': '618.640', 'text': 'concentrated mostly in the morning'}, {'start': '615.640', 'end': '622.519', 'text': ', with little coffee intake in the afternoon or evening'}, {'start': '618.640', 'end': '625.320', 'text': '.  Cluster 2 is a group of people who have an all-day type of symptoms and are unable to consume enough high-calorie foods throughout the day, both in the morning and afternoon'}, {'start': '625.320', 'end': '631.000', 'text': '.  Well, that and the'}, {'start': '627.560', 'end': '633.360', 'text': "fact that we're a group of people who don't drink coffee."}, {'start': '631.000', 'end': '636.160', 'text': 'So, um, the first thing we found in examining this cluster'}, {'start': '633.360', 'end': '639.160', 'text': 'is that, um, the first day, um,'}, {'start': '639.160', 'end': '644.200', 'text': 'even when we performed an analysis using only two different days, um, the two'}, {'start': '641.600', 'end': '646.360', 'text': 'groups were'}, {'start': '644.200', 'end': '648.639', 'text': 'able to remain virgins, and, um, when we performed an analysis using only caffeine, um,'}, {'start': '646.360', 'end': '651.000', 'text': 'decaffeinated coffee, um'}, {'start': '648.639', 'end': '656.360', 'text': ', a similar pattern was'}, {'start': '651.000', 'end': '658.880', 'text': 'confirmed.  And, um,'}, {'start': '656.360', 'end': '661.120', 'text': 'when we do the analysis using external methods,'}, {'start': '658.880', 'end': '663.920', 'text': 'um, we see the same pattern consistently across all of them'}, {'start': '663.920', 'end': '670.360', 'text': '.  So, um,'}, {'start': '667.800', 'end': '672.519', 'text': "these are the baseline characteristics, and although they're a little small"}, {'start': '670.360', 'end': '675.839', 'text': ', um, the average'}, {'start': '672.519', 'end': '679.560', 'text': "age for those who don't drink is 38.5 years old, um"}, {'start': '675.839', 'end': '681.360', 'text': ', and for those who drink, um, the morning type is 50'}, {'start': '679.560', 'end': '684.680', 'text': 'years old, um, and the evening'}, {'start': '681.360', 'end': '688.000', 'text': 'type is 51.2 years old'}, {'start': '684.680', 'end': '690.560', 'text': '.  First of all, when'}, {'start': '688.000', 'end': '694.760', 'text': 'comparing coffee drinkers with non-coffee drinkers, the results show that coffee drinkers are'}, {'start': '690.560', 'end': '697.440', 'text': 'older, more likely to be white, have higher incomes, and'}, {'start': '697.440', 'end': '703.399', 'text': 'have a higher prevalence of diabetes, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol.  So,'}, {'start': '700.079', 'end': '706.320', 'text': 'um, when we compared the morning type and the working-life type'}, {'start': '703.399', 'end': '709.079', 'text': ', the results showed that the morning type consumed more tea and'}, {'start': '706.320', 'end': '711.839', 'text': 'carbonated drinks with crumbs,'}, {'start': '709.079', 'end': '715.480', 'text': 'but less coffee than the working-life type'}, {'start': '711.839', 'end': '718.519', 'text': '.'}, {'start': '715.480', 'end': '720.440', 'text': 'So, um, the'}, {'start': '718.519', 'end': '724.160', 'text': 'association between coffee intake timing patterns and obesity risk, a'}, {'start': '720.440', 'end': '727.320', 'text': 'total of 4,295 obesity events were recorded during a median follow-up of 9.8 years'}, {'start': '724.160', 'end': '730.600', 'text': '.'}, {'start': '727.320', 'end': '733.959', 'text': 'Of these, 1,268 were neovascular surgeons and'}, {'start': '730.600', 'end': '736.639', 'text': '934 were obstetricians.'}, {'start': '733.959', 'end': '739.240', 'text': 'Compared with non-coffee drinkers, morning'}, {'start': '736.639', 'end': '742.760', 'text': 'coffee drinkers'}, {'start': '739.240', 'end': '745.440', 'text': 'were associated with a significantly lower risk of developing cardiovascular disease.  So,'}, {'start': '742.760', 'end': '748.800', 'text': "when it comes to the all-day type, um, there's no association with overall fat risk"}, {'start': '748.800', 'end': '754.760', 'text': '.  So, we looked at the relationship between the timing patterns of coffee intake for each primary cause'}, {'start': '752.440', 'end': '757.560', 'text': 'and fat risk.'}, {'start': '754.760', 'end': '760.600', 'text': 'Compared to non-coffee intake, the'}, {'start': '757.560', 'end': '763.920', 'text': 'morning type was significantly associated with a lower risk of neovascularization'}, {'start': '760.600', 'end': '767.079', 'text': '.  So, um'}, {'start': '763.920', 'end': '770.040', 'text': ', there is no acknowledgement of any connection to Motoko.  However'}, {'start': '767.079', 'end': '774.320', 'text': ','}, {'start': '770.040', 'end': '774.320', 'text': 'no significant association was observed between the solid pattern and either neovascularization or cancer.'}, {'start': '774.560', 'end': '779.920', 'text': 'So, regarding coffee intake and fat'}, {'start': '777.399', 'end': '782.600', 'text': 'risk, first of all, this'}, {'start': '779.920', 'end': '785.720', 'text': 'is just looking at coffee intake, but the'}, {'start': '788.279', 'end': '793.560', 'text': 'results of this study show that the higher the coffee intake, the lower the risk of total fat and angiogenesis.   However,'}, {'start': '793.560', 'end': '796.160', 'text': 'no association with offspring risk was found'}, {'start': '797.560', 'end': '802.120', 'text': ".  So, um, so now we're looking at the amount of coffee intake, the"}, {'start': '802.120', 'end': '806.199', 'text': 'timing of intake patterns, and'}, {'start': '804.480', 'end': '810.000', 'text': 'how to manage fat risk. um'}, {'start': '806.199', 'end': '812.399', 'text': ', on the right-hand side, you'}, {'start': '812.399', 'end': '818.279', 'text': 'have total fat on the left, and the right-hand side is the blood sugar level. um, the morning type on the upper side'}, {'start': '814.959', 'end': '820.279', 'text': ','}, {'start': '818.279', 'end': '823.560', 'text': 'well, the amount is determined by how many cups you drink, and it has been'}, {'start': '826.360', 'end': '830.199', 'text': 'shown that as the intake amount increases, the total fat risk decreases'}, {'start': '841.120', 'end': '845.959', 'text': '.  So, in terms of the actual type, um, no significant association was found between intake and fat risk.  So, this, yeah.  So if you look at this, this, um, morning type people'}, {'start': '842.480', 'end': '845.959', 'text': 'are CV.   It'}, {'start': '852.440', 'end': '854.000', 'text': 'seems that neovascular fat is directly reflected in total fat, and although it seems that CVD is slightly less in the all-day type,'}, {'start': '854.000', 'end': '857.000', 'text': 'seeing as how total fat returns to normal, it does seem as if non-neovascular fat is pushing it back.   I'}, {'start': '863.399', 'end': '868.440', 'text': 'agree.  surely.'}, {'start': '865.959', 'end': '870.079', 'text': 'Yeah.  yes.'}, {'start': '868.440', 'end': '872.600', 'text': 'yes.  thank you.'}, {'start': '870.079', 'end': '875.399', 'text': 'This is an analysis of how many cups of coffee were consumed, and'}, {'start': '875.399', 'end': '882.160', 'text': 'next, this is an analysis of the amount consumed in grams.'}, {'start': '882.160', 'end': '887.519', 'text': 'This shows that as the morning intake'}, {'start': '884.680', 'end': '889.759', 'text': 'increases, there is a significant decrease in the total fat neovascular risk'}, {'start': '889.759', 'end': '894.839', 'text': '.  So, when we looked at the'}, {'start': '892.440', 'end': '897.320', 'text': 'interaction term between this timing pattern and intake amount, we found that the'}, {'start': '897.320', 'end': '904.079', 'text': 'total fat risk was significantly'}, {'start': '900.560', 'end': '905.920', 'text': 'lower in the morning pattern,'}, {'start': '904.079', 'end': '909.680', 'text': 'but'}, {'start': '909.680', 'end': '914.920', 'text': 'no significant difference was observed in the New Vascular Journal.'}, {'start': '912.839', 'end': '918.440', 'text': 'Hold on a second, let me look at this again.'}, {'start': '914.920', 'end': '920.279', 'text': 'Yes, um, oh, the'}, {'start': '918.440', 'end': '923.279', 'text': 'morning type is blue.'}, {'start': '920.279', 'end': '923.279', 'text': 'So it may seem like the total fat content is good, but it had no effect.'}, {'start': '928.639', 'end': '931.639', 'text': "Um, so it's full fat, um, the morning type is full fat, um, compared to this baseline dotted line,"}, {'start': '939.680', 'end': '942.680', 'text': 'um, this blue is full fat.'}, {'start': '942.959', 'end': '945.959', 'text': 'Both the fat and vascularity have decreased significantly, but is'}, {'start': '948.440', 'end': '952.160', 'text': 'that'}, {'start': '949.160', 'end': '952.160', 'text': 'right? Ah, was that the result? Is the morning type good for both total fat and vascularity?'}, {'start': '954.959', 'end': '959.639', 'text': 'Yes.  Oh, I see.   The'}, {'start': '956.639', 'end': '959.639', 'text': 'same goes for the previous one.  Full fat too.'}, {'start': '961.720', 'end': '964.880', 'text': "Oh, I see.  At night, yes, it's fine."}, {'start': '963.759', 'end': '967.880', 'text': 'Oh, I see.'}, {'start': '964.880', 'end': '967.880', 'text': 'Yeah.  I see.  I see.  So, please'}, {'start': '968.360', 'end': '973.319', 'text': 'go to the next one. The'}, {'start': '970.319', 'end': '973.319', 'text': "red one is the previous day's type. It"}, {'start': '974.600', 'end': '977.600', 'text': "doesn't really matter which one you choose,"}, {'start': '978.399', 'end': '982.839', 'text': 'right?  Yeah.'}, {'start': '979.839', 'end': '982.839', 'text': 'However, it seems that the risk may be reduced if you drink larger amounts of both.   I'}, {'start': '987.519', 'end': '990.519', 'text': 'agree.  yes.'}, {'start': '990.560', 'end': '994.720', 'text': 'By the way, um, how many grams is one cup'}, {'start': '992.480', 'end': '997.720', 'text': '?'}, {'start': '994.720', 'end': '997.720', 'text': "Oh, sorry.  I don't think that was written."}, {'start': '1001.120', 'end': '1004.120', 'text': 'Please wait a moment.'}, {'start': '1004.160', 'end': '1007.160', 'text': 'Hot.'}, {'start': '1007.330', 'end': '1015.160', 'text': '[Music]'}, {'start': '1012.160', 'end': '1015.160', 'text': 'Um, this is, uh, yeah.  Grams'}, {'start': '1017.600', 'end': '1022.440', 'text': '10011g.  So that would be'}, {'start': '1019.560', 'end': '1023.920', 'text': 'about four cups for 600 yen.   I'}, {'start': '1022.440', 'end': '1026.920', 'text': 'agree.  surely.'}, {'start': '1023.920', 'end': '1026.920', 'text': "Yeah.  Well, but, um, maybe if I go to Starbucks I'll get a bigger cup of coffee.  Ha,"}, {'start': '1031.160', 'end': '1034.160', 'text': "this isn't about the amount of caffeine but about coffee intake.   That"}, {'start': '1035.160', 'end': '1038.160', 'text': "'s right.  This is not a consideration of how much caffeine is contained in coffee or how much caffeine is contained in it."}, {'start': '1045.480', 'end': '1047.799', 'text': "That's not the case.  So, the teacher drinks 150cc of coffee"}, {'start': '1046.480', 'end': '1049.720', 'text': 'per cup'}, {'start': '1047.799', 'end': '1051.760', 'text': ". That's what I thought.  It says that the"}, {'start': '1049.720', 'end': '1054.760', 'text': 'caffeine content per 150cc'}, {'start': '1051.760', 'end': '1054.760', 'text': "is 90mg, but that's in int, not caffeine grams."}, {'start': '1057.799', 'end': '1061.960', 'text': 'yes.  I agree.'}, {'start': '1058.960', 'end': '1061.960', 'text': 'In that previous report, they said it was coffee rather than caffeine.   I'}, {'start': '1066.160', 'end': '1069.160', 'text': 'agree.  So, this time in the research regarding this relationship with fat, caffeine was also mentioned, yes'}, {'start': '1079.720', 'end': '1084.880', 'text': '.'}, {'start': '1081.880', 'end': '1084.880', 'text': 'Yes, it was included in the later performances.  I think it was put in there.'}, {'start': '1087.400', 'end': '1089.760', 'text': "Oh, I see.  So, what you're looking at is the amount of coffee."}, {'start': '1088.400', 'end': '1092.760', 'text': 'yes.  I agree.'}, {'start': '1089.760', 'end': '1092.760', 'text': 'Understood.  However, I think it makes a big difference whether you make it strong or in America.  Yes, I understand.'}, {'start': '1096.159', 'end': '1099.600', 'text': 'yes.'}, {'start': '1096.600', 'end': '1099.600', 'text': "yes.  That's how it is."}, {'start': '1099.720', 'end': '1102.720', 'text': 'yes.'}, {'start': '1108.320', 'end': '1109.480', 'text': 'So, regarding the discussion, this study focused on American politics and'}, {'start': '1109.480', 'end': '1112.480', 'text': 'examined two coffee intake timing patterns: morning and daytime.'}, {'start': '1113.000', 'end': '1119.159', 'text': 'So, um,'}, {'start': '1116.240', 'end': '1121.400', 'text': 'compared to the non-military, um, morning-type dieters were'}, {'start': '1119.159', 'end': '1123.960', 'text': 'found to be significantly associated with a lower risk of total fat and neovascular fat,'}, {'start': '1121.400', 'end': '1126.480', 'text': 'but no significant reduction in fat risk was observed in the morning-type dieters'}, {'start': '1123.960', 'end': '1129.159', 'text': '.  The'}, {'start': '1126.480', 'end': '1131.480', 'text': 'timing of intake'}, {'start': '1129.159', 'end': '1134.400', 'text': 'also had an effect on the relationship between the amount taken and risk of death'}, {'start': '1131.480', 'end': '1136.799', 'text': ', with those taking the same amount in the morning'}, {'start': '1134.400', 'end': '1138.280', 'text': 'seeing a lower risk.  So this'}, {'start': '1136.799', 'end': '1141.360', 'text': "means it's better to drink more in the morning"}, {'start': '1138.280', 'end': '1144.360', 'text': '.  I agree.  I see.  I'}, {'start': '1141.360', 'end': '1144.360', 'text': "think drinking four cups in one day is pretty tough.  It's pretty tough.  yes."}, {'start': '1145.039', 'end': '1148.039', 'text': 'yes.  So there is the possibility of finding a rhythm for coffee consumption in the afternoon or evening, and previous reports have shown that consuming large amounts of caffeine in the afternoon or evening suppresses melatonin secretion at night.'}, {'start': '1158.480', 'end': '1163.679', 'text': 'Melatonin is'}, {'start': '1160.760', 'end': '1166.120', 'text': 'important for regulating the circadian rhythm, and it has been shown that a'}, {'start': '1163.679', 'end': '1168.880', 'text': 'decrease in melatonin levels is associated with increased stress, elevated blood pressure'}, {'start': '1166.120', 'end': '1172.280', 'text': ', and an increased risk of developing new blood vessels'}, {'start': '1168.880', 'end': '1174.720', 'text': '.  And one more thing'}, {'start': '1172.280', 'end': '1177.120', 'text': ', as a consideration of the mechanism, it has been'}, {'start': '1179.280', 'end': '1185.600', 'text': 'reported that the physiologically active substances contained in these products have a high inflammatory effect, and this is because'}, {'start': '1181.679', 'end': '1187.799', 'text': 'high-sense CRP'}, {'start': '1185.600', 'end': '1190.520', 'text': 'shows diurnal fluctuations, and it'}, {'start': '1192.919', 'end': '1198.799', 'text': 'has been reported that some such inflammatory markers show diurnal fluctuations.  Some of the drugs showed a pattern of peaking in the morning and then'}, {'start': '1195.679', 'end': '1201.799', 'text': 'decreasing towards the evening,'}, {'start': '1204.520', 'end': '1209.760', 'text': 'suggesting that the high-inflammatory effect may be maximized by concentrating intake in the morning, even with the same amount.  There'}, {'start': '1207.440', 'end': '1212.880', 'text': 'may be other mechanisms involved'}, {'start': '1209.760', 'end': '1215.559', 'text': ', and this is an'}, {'start': '1212.880', 'end': '1218.600', 'text': 'area that requires further investigation.  This is'}, {'start': '1215.559', 'end': '1218.600', 'text': 'a bit strange.'}, {'start': '1219.919', 'end': '1221.480', 'text': "Because it's night, in the evening or midnight,"}, {'start': '1220.919', 'end': '1224.480', 'text': 'CRP is'}, {'start': '1221.480', 'end': '1224.480', 'text': 'higher, so that should suppress morning hair growth and night-time hair growth, right?'}, {'start': '1231.440', 'end': '1235.600', 'text': "That's true, but looking at this trend, it"}, {'start': '1232.440', 'end': '1235.600', 'text': "'s still highest in the morning.   It's"}, {'start': '1236.400', 'end': '1240.400', 'text': "higher in the morning, but it's not zero at night"}, {'start': '1237.600', 'end': '1243.400', 'text': '.   I'}, {'start': '1240.400', 'end': '1243.400', 'text': 'agree.  surely.  yes.   It does'}, {'start': '1244.159', 'end': '1245.840', 'text': "n't seem like it's doing anything bad, so I'm not really sure about this, er,"}, {'start': '1245.159', 'end': '1248.840', 'text': 'CRP'}, {'start': '1245.840', 'end': '1248.840', 'text': 'hypothesis.'}, {'start': '1249.400', 'end': '1253.120', 'text': 'Yeah.  Yeah.  yes.'}, {'start': '1254.640', 'end': '1257.960', 'text': 'surely.  yes.  Well, this is still just one of those hypotheses'}, {'start': '1255.640', 'end': '1259.880', 'text': '.'}, {'start': '1257.960', 'end': '1263.720', 'text': 'So,'}, {'start': '1259.880', 'end': '1266.120', 'text': 'with regard to the association with heavy intake,'}, {'start': '1263.720', 'end': '1269.000', 'text': 'in this study, in the morning-type,'}, {'start': '1266.120', 'end': '1272.039', 'text': 'even in the Middle Eastern and military who consumed large amounts, a'}, {'start': '1269.000', 'end': '1274.480', 'text': 'reduction in total fat and neovascular fat risk was'}, {'start': '1272.039', 'end': '1276.919', 'text': 'seen.  On the other hand, in the working-class population,'}, {'start': '1276.919', 'end': '1281.679', 'text': 'no significant association was observed even with the same intake amount.  Well, past reports have shown'}, {'start': '1279.559', 'end': '1284.480', 'text': 'that there is no association between high intake and risk of death,'}, {'start': '1281.679', 'end': '1286.480', 'text': 'but there are also reports that consuming high amounts is not good'}, {'start': '1284.480', 'end': '1288.960', 'text': ', so there is still a'}, {'start': '1286.480', 'end': '1291.520', 'text': 'lack of consistency here.'}, {'start': '1288.960', 'end': '1294.000', 'text': 'Well, well, well, um, the reasons for this include the'}, {'start': '1294.000', 'end': '1299.480', 'text': 'fact that many coffee drinkers are also smokers, and hypotheses have been put forward that it has to do with the'}, {'start': '1296.039', 'end': '1301.919', 'text': 'percentage of coffee in the caffeine metabolism or the influence of additives,'}, {'start': '1299.480', 'end': '1304.520', 'text': 'but these are'}, {'start': '1301.919', 'end': '1306.960', 'text': 'not conclusive evidence either, and we have only seen two studies so far'}, {'start': '1304.520', 'end': '1308.640', 'text': ".  So, seriously, we've been able to propose a new hypothesis that this intake"}, {'start': '1306.960', 'end': '1311.039', 'text': 'timing pattern may be related to mortality risk'}, {'start': '1313.039', 'end': '1318.760', 'text': '.  The limitation is that'}, {'start': '1315.760', 'end': '1321.799', 'text': 'because it is an observational study, causal relationships cannot be proven'}, {'start': '1318.760', 'end': '1324.200', 'text': '.  As the data is based on self-reporting,'}, {'start': '1324.200', 'end': '1329.760', 'text': 'there is the possibility of recall bias and measurement error, and adjustments are made based on the literature,'}, {'start': '1327.080', 'end': '1332.320', 'text': 'but the possibility of unmeasured'}, {'start': '1329.760', 'end': '1333.919', 'text': 'residual effects cannot be denied.  Furthermore, it'}, {'start': '1336.080', 'end': '1341.880', 'text': 'cannot be denied that morning patterns may in fact be an indicator of a healthy lifestyle.  Furthermore, the'}, {'start': '1339.200', 'end': '1344.720', 'text': 'correlation has only been verified internally, and'}, {'start': '1341.880', 'end': '1347.320', 'text': 'no verification of reproducibility has been conducted in external reports.'}, {'start': '1344.720', 'end': '1349.279', 'text': 'In addition, there is no additional data, so the'}, {'start': '1347.320', 'end': '1351.159', 'text': 'correlation with the ability to thank others cannot be evaluated.'}, {'start': '1351.159', 'end': '1357.480', 'text': 'Also, the data is limited to the United States.  The race in question this time'}, {'start': '1355.279', 'end': '1358.720', 'text': "is, well, American.   They're"}, {'start': '1357.480', 'end': '1361.720', 'text': 'all American.'}, {'start': '1358.720', 'end': '1361.720', 'text': 'Yes.  Are there any individual differences?'}, {'start': '1362.559', 'end': '1365.559', 'text': 'Ah, I think there are some characteristics that are different.   It was'}, {'start': '1370.039', 'end': '1373.039', 'text': "n't specifically mentioned, but when I looked, there was a slight difference between those who drank and those who didn't, and they were white.  that's right.   that's"}, {'start': '1381.320', 'end': '1384.320', 'text': 'right.  Oh, sorry.  There is a tendency for coffee drinkers to be mostly Caucasian.  Sorry.'}, {'start': '1386.480', 'end': '1391.360', 'text': "Ah, that's right.  yes."}, {'start': '1388.360', 'end': '1391.360', 'text': "Yeah.  I see.  So, well, there's nothing specifically written about Asians, but...  yes.   I"}, {'start': '1396.960', 'end': '1403.120', 'text': 'agree.  yes.  yes.'}, {'start': '1400.120', 'end': '1403.120', 'text': "So, sorry.  Well, it's a combination, but the timing of coffee intake has been shown to be associated with total and blood fat risk.   In"}, {'start': '1411.200', 'end': '1415.840', 'text': 'particular, it has been suggested that drinking coffee in the morning is'}, {'start': '1413.760', 'end': '1418.039', 'text': 'more strongly associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular disease'}, {'start': '1415.840', 'end': '1420.480', 'text': '.  So, the conclusion is that'}, {'start': '1418.039', 'end': '1422.919', 'text': 'when examining the relationship between coffee intake and health outcomes, it'}, {'start': '1422.919', 'end': '1427.679', 'text': 'may be necessary to take into account the timing of intake'}, {'start': '1425.240', 'end': '1430.200', 'text': ".  That's all"}, {'start': '1427.679', 'end': '1433.200', 'text': '.  Yes, thank you.   There'}, {'start': '1430.200', 'end': '1433.200', 'text': 'are quite a large number of people affected today, but is it a list of sick people?General Public:'}, {'start': '1439.880', 'end': '1445.360', 'text': 'Yes.  He is in good health.   You'}, {'start': '1442.360', 'end': '1445.360', 'text': "are a healthy person, aren't you?  How many are healthy?"}, {'start': '1445.799', 'end': '1449.200', 'text': 'Yes.'}, {'start': '1448.039', 'end': '1452.200', 'text': 'Was it 40,000 or so people?'}, {'start': '1449.200', 'end': '1452.200', 'text': "40,000 people, so I think it's a pretty large database, and I think that these people were selected from a different database, well, separated by gender, or maybe they were selected from that database,"}, {'start': '1461.720', 'end': '1464.720', 'text': 'er, sorry.  The validation method involves extracting samples separately for men and women, but the original, um,'}, {'start': '1468.600', 'end': '1471.600', 'text': 'original small samples are not extracted separately.'}, {'start': '1472.720', 'end': '1476.960', 'text': 'Oh, I see.  Understood.'}, {'start': '1473.960', 'end': '1476.960', 'text': 'However, there was nothing written about the limitations not being validated.'}, {'start': '1477.480', 'end': '1480.480', 'text': "Ah, well, I think what's happening is that this validation has not been able to verify the correlation with death outside the facility."}, {'start': '1486.240', 'end': '1494.320', 'text': 'Yeah.  Yes, I understand.  Well, as'}, {'start': '1488.840', 'end': '1499.120', 'text': 'for coffee, generally speaking, it'}, {'start': '1499.120', 'end': '1503.760', 'text': 'seems that drinking it seems to reduce new vascular events and fats,'}, {'start': '1501.480', 'end': '1506.919', 'text': "and this time we're looking at that drinking pattern"}, {'start': '1503.760', 'end': '1508.960', 'text': '.  I think the question was whether you drink it only in the morning or all day,'}, {'start': '1508.960', 'end': '1516.039', 'text': "but it seems that it's better to drink more in the morning, and the"}, {'start': '1516.039', 'end': '1523.559', 'text': 'incidence of neovascular events seems to be low, and the incidence of neovascular fat and total fat'}, {'start': '1521.159', 'end': '1526.120', 'text': 'also'}, {'start': '1523.559', 'end': '1529.120', 'text': 'seems to be low.  I see.'}, {'start': '1526.120', 'end': '1529.120', 'text': 'So there was a discussion about whether this was the caffeine or the coffee itself.'}, {'start': '1532.840', 'end': '1535.840', 'text': 'Well, it was mentioned a little bit in the discussion, um,'}, {'start': '1537.880', 'end': '1540.880', 'text': 'yeah.   I'}, {'start': '1541.520', 'end': '1546.120', 'text': 'agree.  Decaf is'}, {'start': '1543.840', 'end': '1547.440', 'text': 'fine too.'}, {'start': '1546.120', 'end': '1550.440', 'text': "Yessss.  Because it's in there."}, {'start': '1547.440', 'end': '1550.440', 'text': 'So, regarding decaf and the fat risk, the evaluation was done after properly adding the decaf coffee, so'}, {'start': '1556.480', 'end': '1559.480', 'text': 'yeah.  I think this adjustment is quite important.'}, {'start': '1561.399', 'end': '1566.080', 'text': "That's because the backgrounds of the people who drink it are"}, {'start': '1563.399', 'end': '1569.000', 'text': "completely different, so to begin with, it's an"}, {'start': '1566.080', 'end': '1570.919', 'text': 'evaluation of the mortality rate among those people, and it'}, {'start': '1570.919', 'end': '1577.760', 'text': "may seem that it doesn't have much to do with coffee.However, at first"}, {'start': '1573.559', 'end': '1580.840', 'text': 'glance, it seems that elderly'}, {'start': '1577.760', 'end': '1583.520', 'text': 'people with many common illnesses are'}, {'start': '1580.840', 'end': '1586.279', 'text': 'more likely to be coffee drinkers,'}, {'start': '1583.520', 'end': '1588.720', 'text': 'so since there is a bit of a reversal phenomenon, it'}, {'start': '1588.720', 'end': '1593.399', 'text': 'does feel like it may be the effect of coffee after all.But'}, {'start': '1590.399', 'end': '1593.399', 'text': "what are the differences in background between the morning type and the all-day type?Regarding the morning type and the all-day type, yes.  It's something to do with the amount of coffee and caffeinated carbonated drinks consumed"}, {'start': '1608.480', 'end': '1612.240', 'text': '.'}, {'start': '1609.240', 'end': '1612.240', 'text': "That's because people who don't drink after noon are drinking something else."}, {'start': '1614.159', 'end': '1618.240', 'text': 'yes.  I agree.'}, {'start': '1615.240', 'end': '1618.240', 'text': "Yeah.  However, there doesn't seem to be much difference in terms of age and gender."}, {'start': '1618.840', 'end': '1622.120', 'text': 'yes.'}, {'start': '1619.760', 'end': '1626.320', 'text': "In terms of educational level, it's"}, {'start': '1622.120', 'end': '1631.520', 'text': "about the same, BMI is pretty much the same as in the third string, and there's"}, {'start': '1633.960', 'end': '1639.600', 'text': 'no difference at all in terms of diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, or smoking'}, {'start': '1636.360', 'end': '1641.880', 'text': '.  So, is it just a difference in thinking'}, {'start': '1639.600', 'end': '1642.840', 'text': '?  That'}, {'start': '1641.880', 'end': '1645.840', 'text': 'would be very interesting.   It seems that'}, {'start': '1642.840', 'end': '1645.840', 'text': "drinking it only in the morning is somehow better, and one hypothesis for why this is is that it suppresses the circadian rhythm, or miratonin, at night, which could be why you don't sleep well."}, {'start': '1659.559', 'end': '1662.720', 'text': 'yes.  yes.'}, {'start': '1663.279', 'end': '1665.240', 'text': "Well, that's a very interesting question from Dr. Tani. He said"}, {'start': '1665.240', 'end': '1668.240', 'text': 'that up until now it has been said that consuming too much, 3 to 5 cups or more, is not good, but does this study show a consistent trend of higher intakes being associated with a'}, {'start': '1677.120', 'end': '1680.120', 'text': "lower risk? Yes, the current trend is that higher intakes do tend to reduce risk, but it's not necessarily being said that more is worse.   It"}, {'start': '1688.200', 'end': '1693.600', 'text': "'s Discalisco.   That"}, {'start': '1690.600', 'end': '1693.600', 'text': "'s right.  yes.  There are results that show that contralaterals don't really matter, and there are also results that show that more is worse, so I think the argument here is that if the study didn't take timing into account, then there's no chance that timing could have had an effect"}, {'start': '1707.840', 'end': '1710.840', 'text': '.'}, {'start': '1711.919', 'end': '1718.039', 'text': 'Well, Professor Kogu has'}, {'start': '1718.039', 'end': '1723.200', 'text': "read my articles about the relationship between coffee and cardiovascular disease twice so far, and I've received a lot of"}, {'start': '1720.360', 'end': '1726.960', 'text': "comments in the comments section saying that there's no way that's true"}, {'start': '1723.200', 'end': '1729.440', 'text': '.'}, {'start': '1726.960', 'end': '1731.440', 'text': 'No, no, no, well, there have been quite a few reports of doctors'}, {'start': '1729.440', 'end': '1733.519', 'text': 'telling them that coffee increases irregular heartbeats, and'}, {'start': '1731.440', 'end': '1736.039', 'text': 'we all'}, {'start': '1733.519', 'end': '1738.440', 'text': 'felt the same way, but there have'}, {'start': '1736.039', 'end': '1741.679', 'text': "n't actually been any reports of that happening"}, {'start': '1738.440', 'end': '1744.880', 'text': ".  There are many reports that say it either suppresses it or doesn't make much of a difference"}, {'start': '1741.679', 'end': '1747.279', 'text': ', and even just'}, {'start': '1744.880', 'end': '1750.000', 'text': "looking at that, it's still a little unclear whether the caffeine is"}, {'start': '1747.279', 'end': '1751.679', 'text': 'causing problems or whether it increases the sympathetic nervous system in some way.'}, {'start': '1753.960', 'end': '1758.320', 'text': 'But this time,'}, {'start': '1755.919', 'end': '1761.000', 'text': "rather than looking at whether or not irregular pulses occur, they're looking"}, {'start': '1758.320', 'end': '1763.360', 'text': 'at a really hard endpoint, total fat mass, which I think is'}, {'start': '1761.000', 'end': '1766.440', 'text': 'very interesting'}, {'start': '1763.360', 'end': '1770.480', 'text': 'and valuable.'}, {'start': '1766.440', 'end': '1770.480', 'text': "But anyway, they're"}, {'start': '1773.519', 'end': '1774.679', 'text': 'looking at dead fat, so why does fat decrease?'}, {'start': '1774.679', 'end': '1777.679', 'text': 'What was that one thing before that? What was so good about it?'}, {'start': '1780.040', 'end': '1783.140', 'text': '[Music]'}, {'start': '1785.880', 'end': '1788.880', 'text': 'Well, I did think that the fact that the morning type reduces the risk of new blood vessels must be effective on total fat mass.'}, {'start': '1795.760', 'end': '1798.760', 'text': 'So why does this reduce the risk of new blood vessels? Yes,'}, {'start': '1799.919', 'end': '1804.519', 'text': "that's right.  That's"}, {'start': '1801.519', 'end': '1804.519', 'text': 'it.   I'}, {'start': '1806.360', 'end': '1811.039', 'text': 'agree.'}, {'start': '1808.480', 'end': '1812.679', 'text': "Well, first of all, I don't know."}, {'start': '1811.039', 'end': '1814.960', 'text': 'yes.  Yeah.  I agree.'}, {'start': '1812.679', 'end': '1817.960', 'text': "Well, but I'd like some hints as to why,"}, {'start': '1814.960', 'end': '1817.960', 'text': 'for example, the sudden pulse is suppressing the arterial flow and'}, {'start': '1820.880', 'end': '1823.880', 'text': "the arterial effect isn't progressing. What would that be good for? Well, I'd like some hints as to what would be good for that."}, {'start': '1831.600', 'end': '1836.080', 'text': 'Yeah.   It does have an'}, {'start': '1836.120', 'end': '1839.120', 'text': 'effect on metabolism,'}, {'start': '1840.279', 'end': '1843.279', 'text': 'and also, I think there is also high inflammation,'}, {'start': '1843.960', 'end': '1846.960', 'text': "so intermittent fasting and the like are included as reference materials, although I didn't go into too much detail about them this time, but they do have the feel of fasting."}, {'start': '1861.919', 'end': '1866.039', 'text': 'yes.  yes.'}, {'start': '1863.039', 'end': '1866.039', 'text': 'But, well, things like that regarding meal timing.   It has been'}, {'start': '1884.440', 'end': '1892.399', 'text': "shown that the shock has a huge effect on metabolism, cellular and metabolic levels, affecting things like utilization and apoptosis in the body, so although we don't know for sure yet, we can't"}, {'start': '1894.639', 'end': '1899.399', 'text': 'deny the possibility that it could have an effect on such things depending on how you drink it.I'}, {'start': '1901.240', 'end': '1904.240', 'text': 'think the average age of coffee drinkers is more than 10 years different from that of non-drinkers, so it is amazing that even when comparing these people, they lose more total fat than younger people.'}, {'start': '1910.080', 'end': '1913.760', 'text': 'Yeah.  The'}, {'start': '1910.760', 'end': '1913.760', 'text': "only thing I feel is that instead of drinking coffee, people are drinking other things.  I mean, I can't help but feel like that's not a bad thing."}, {'start': '1919.360', 'end': '1923.000', 'text': 'Yeah.   I'}, {'start': '1920.000', 'end': '1923.000', 'text': "agree.  I've heard that there were a lot of people with engineering backgrounds, so I think that there are probably a lot of people who have steady jobs, and when I think of young people who tend to live in poverty, I think it's possible that they're consuming things that are even more harmful to their health, but what do you think about that?"}, {'start': '1941.360', 'end': '1944.360', 'text': 'Well, I think the economic situation seems pretty good too.   I'}, {'start': '1946.320', 'end': '1950.120', 'text': "think that's what I put in.   I"}, {'start': '1947.440', 'end': '1953.120', 'text': "think that's probably what will be done."}, {'start': '1950.120', 'end': '1953.120', 'text': "I see.  Well, since this is a statistically based calculation, it's probably a little difficult to say how true it is, but the"}, {'start': '1962.880', 'end': '1965.880', 'text': "coffee does seem to be good.   I'm"}, {'start': '1966.679', 'end': '1969.840', 'text': "also curious about Dr. Tani's comments, but are RCTs on coffee"}, {'start': '1969.840', 'end': '1971.880', 'text': "really that difficult? It's true that"}, {'start': '1970.880', 'end': '1974.880', 'text': 'RCTs, like'}, {'start': '1971.880', 'end': '1974.880', 'text': 'forcing people to drink coffee at night, are a bit difficult.   I'}, {'start': '1978.799', 'end': '1981.799', 'text': 'agree.  This research was conducted on healthy people, so we'}, {'start': '1983.600', 'end': '1986.600', 'text': "don't know whether it can be directly applied to people with the neovascular diseases that we normally see"}, {'start': '1991.080', 'end': '1994.799', 'text': '.'}, {'start': '1994.799', 'end': '1997.799', 'text': 'To what extent will these people follow the rules of the RCT? I'}, {'start': '1998.880', 'end': '2001.880', 'text': 'feel like we need to gather people who love coffee.  I feel like I need to gather people who can drink.  What is so cheap about that?'}, {'start': '2008.080', 'end': '2011.080', 'text': 'Well, yes.  I feel like not being able to drink coffee might be stressful for him, but by the way, until what time and after what time can he not drink it?'}, {'start': '2019.760', 'end': '2022.360', 'text': "Oh, there's no time that he can't drink it."}, {'start': '2020.840', 'end': '2024.679', 'text': "The person's drinking pattern.   It's a"}, {'start': '2022.360', 'end': '2027.679', 'text': 'drinking pattern.  So, yes.'}, {'start': '2024.679', 'end': '2027.679', 'text': 'I see.  Is it really coffee?'}, {'start': '2027.940', 'end': '2030.999', 'text': '[Music] I'}, {'start': '2056.599', 'end': '2060.679', 'text': "'m not sure if this is really the right time to drink coffee, but, well, when you see someone drinking this much, and the more they drink, and it's clear that drinking in the morning is good for them, I feel like I have no choice but to imitate them. But, looking at the timing of my own coffee intake, I think I probably drink until around mid-afternoon."}, {'start': '2057.679', 'end': '2060.679', 'text': "Yes, they do have a coffee maker in that house, but it broke so they can't drink coffee at night, so it"}, {'start': '2072.240', 'end': '2076.440', 'text': "feels like they're consuming coffee in a healthy way, but it's interesting.  It's not just about coffee after all."}, {'start': '2073.280', 'end': '2078.919', 'text': 'Eating habits, obesity, and'}, {'start': '2076.440', 'end': '2082.000', 'text': 'exercise are all very important'}, {'start': '2078.919', 'end': '2084.000', 'text': ", and rather than waiting until after Magane Kouki or Shindachi's side, it would be better to"}, {'start': '2084.000', 'end': '2089.960', 'text': 'use data from healthy people like this at an earlier stage to'}, {'start': '2092.399', 'end': '2097.800', 'text': 'know what kind of lifestyle patterns and habits are ideal, so that we can give advice to patients'}, {'start': '2094.919', 'end': '2100.920', 'text': 'and perhaps even put them into practice ourselves. It'}, {'start': '2097.800', 'end': '2103.079', 'text': 'was a very interesting talk'}, {'start': '2100.920', 'end': '2107.040', 'text': '.  So, have a cup of coffee'}, {'start': '2103.079', 'end': '2107.040', 'text': 'and have fun today.'}]