Hail Leads To Billions Of Dollars Of Damage Every Year
FOX Weather
[{'start': '0.480', 'end': '5.600', 'text': 'And just as Mark had emphasized, it is'}, {'start': '2.879', 'end': '8.000', 'text': 'costing a lot of money, billions of'}, {'start': '5.600', 'end': '11.120', 'text': "dollars each year. But yet, it's"}, {'start': '8.000', 'end': '12.880', 'text': "incredibly difficult to predict and it's"}, {'start': '11.120', 'end': '15.200', 'text': "difficult to forecast how big it's going"}, {'start': '12.880', 'end': '16.400', 'text': 'to get, exactly who will get hit. So,'}, {'start': '15.200', 'end': '18.320', 'text': "you don't know if you're going to be the"}, {'start': '16.400', 'end': '20.480', 'text': "one that's facing that price tag to kind"}, {'start': '18.320', 'end': '22.560', 'text': "of dive deeper into, why it's so tough"}, {'start': '20.480', 'end': '24.160', 'text': "to forecast. Let's bring in Dr. John"}, {'start': '22.560', 'end': '25.760', 'text': "Allen. He's an associate professor of"}, {'start': '24.160', 'end': '27.599', 'text': 'meteorology at Central Michigan'}, {'start': '25.760', 'end': '30.480', 'text': "University who's been studying the"}, {'start': '27.599', 'end': '32.640', 'text': "science of hail forecasting and why it's"}, {'start': '30.480', 'end': '34.000', 'text': 'still such a mystery. Doc, thank you for'}, {'start': '32.640', 'end': '36.000', 'text': "being with us. Let's start with the"}, {'start': '34.000', 'end': '38.480', 'text': 'basics, just the 101 on all of this.'}, {'start': '36.000', 'end': '39.920', 'text': 'What are the ingredients that people uh'}, {'start': '38.480', 'end': '42.000', 'text': "need to know about what's in the"}, {'start': '39.920', 'end': '43.920', 'text': 'atmosphere for this to produce that'}, {'start': '42.000', 'end': '47.280', 'text': 'large hail?'}, {'start': '43.920', 'end': '49.360', 'text': 'So, key to having hail production is uh'}, {'start': '47.280', 'end': '50.879', 'text': 'some sort of strong updraft. And so we'}, {'start': '49.360', 'end': '52.320', 'text': 'see these associated with what are'}, {'start': '50.879', 'end': '54.320', 'text': 'called supercell thunderstorms, these'}, {'start': '52.320', 'end': '55.840', 'text': 'rotating thunderstorms. They tend to'}, {'start': '54.320', 'end': '58.559', 'text': 'produce a lot of the biggest hail. We'}, {'start': '55.840', 'end': '60.399', 'text': 'see things that are 2 in and above. Um'}, {'start': '58.559', 'end': '62.000', 'text': 'these storms arise when we have'}, {'start': '60.399', 'end': '63.600', 'text': 'significant amounts of instability.'}, {'start': '62.000', 'end': '66.080', 'text': "That's a difference in the temperature"}, {'start': '63.600', 'end': '67.600', 'text': 'between the surface and a loft. Uh we'}, {'start': '66.080', 'end': '71.280', 'text': 'have the presence of a lot of moisture'}, {'start': '67.600', 'end': '73.040', 'text': 'near the surface. And so as that uh uh'}, {'start': '71.280', 'end': '75.360', 'text': 'is released, we get a thunderstorm'}, {'start': '73.040', 'end': '76.960', 'text': 'updraft. Uh the other ingredient that'}, {'start': '75.360', 'end': '79.040', 'text': 'tends to be critical is that we have'}, {'start': '76.960', 'end': '80.640', 'text': 'some sort of changing wind direction and'}, {'start': '79.040', 'end': '81.920', 'text': 'speed with height. So if you see clouds'}, {'start': '80.640', 'end': '83.680', 'text': 'moving at different layers in the'}, {'start': '81.920', 'end': '85.600', 'text': "atmosphere as you look up, that's a good"}, {'start': '83.680', 'end': '88.240', 'text': 'example of wind shear. That allows'}, {'start': '85.600', 'end': '90.880', 'text': 'storms to organize and become stronger,'}, {'start': '88.240', 'end': '93.520', 'text': 'last longer, and start to produce hail.'}, {'start': '90.880', 'end': '95.680', 'text': 'As little embryos are drawn up into the'}, {'start': '93.520', 'end': '99.600', 'text': 'thunderstorm updraft, uh they hit a'}, {'start': '95.680', 'end': '101.040', 'text': 'region around about -10 to -30° C uh'}, {'start': '99.600', 'end': '103.040', 'text': 'where they start to grow. They'}, {'start': '101.040', 'end': '104.880', 'text': 'accumulate uh super cooled liquid water.'}, {'start': '103.040', 'end': '106.880', 'text': 'So water that just freezes on contact'}, {'start': '104.880', 'end': '108.799', 'text': 'and they start to grow very rapidly.'}, {'start': '106.880', 'end': '110.799', 'text': 'Storms do not take long to grow very'}, {'start': '108.799', 'end': '112.799', 'text': 'large hail sizes on the order of 10 to'}, {'start': '110.799', 'end': '114.000', 'text': '20 minutes. Yeah. And Dr. Allen, when'}, {'start': '112.799', 'end': '116.720', 'text': 'you look at this, I mean look at some of'}, {'start': '114.000', 'end': '119.280', 'text': 'the reports we had in last month alone.'}, {'start': '116.720', 'end': '121.360', 'text': "And I mean it's significant in just the"}, {'start': '119.280', 'end': '123.040', 'text': 'state of Texas. Three different reports'}, {'start': '121.360', 'end': '124.399', 'text': "where you're talking about 5 in or"}, {'start': '123.040', 'end': '126.320', 'text': 'greater. And you just went through all'}, {'start': '124.399', 'end': '128.319', 'text': "the ingredients and there's a good"}, {'start': '126.320', 'end': '130.479', 'text': 'understanding of what needs to happen in'}, {'start': '128.319', 'end': '132.520', 'text': 'the atmosphere for that to happen with'}, {'start': '130.479', 'end': '134.560', 'text': "the large hail. But it's so tough to"}, {'start': '132.520', 'end': '137.280', 'text': 'predict those areas that are going to'}, {'start': '134.560', 'end': '138.720', 'text': 'get hit. Why is that the case? Uh'}, {'start': '137.280', 'end': '140.080', 'text': 'working out exactly where storms are'}, {'start': '138.720', 'end': '142.319', 'text': 'going to form is a really difficult'}, {'start': '140.080', 'end': '144.640', 'text': 'problem. Um and there is a project that'}, {'start': '142.319', 'end': '147.040', 'text': 'is uh going on this spring this uh'}, {'start': '144.640', 'end': '148.160', 'text': 'spring uh beginning around about May 18'}, {'start': '147.040', 'end': '149.680', 'text': "that's actually going to be out there"}, {'start': '148.160', 'end': '152.160', 'text': 'trying to answer these questions. Look'}, {'start': '149.680', 'end': '154.400', 'text': 'at why are hail storms forming? Uh why'}, {'start': '152.160', 'end': '156.959', 'text': 'is hail growing so large? How is hail'}, {'start': '154.400', 'end': '158.800', 'text': 'size distributed across them? Uh but'}, {'start': '156.959', 'end': '160.239', 'text': "it's a very difficult and challenging"}, {'start': '158.800', 'end': '162.080', 'text': "problem and we really haven't had good"}, {'start': '160.239', 'end': '164.080', 'text': 'observations of hail storms other than'}, {'start': '162.080', 'end': '166.400', 'text': 'those that come from the general public'}, {'start': '164.080', 'end': '168.319', 'text': 'uh for the past four decades. So'}, {'start': '166.400', 'end': '170.000', 'text': "hopefully following this summer we'll"}, {'start': '168.319', 'end': '171.760', 'text': 'have some new insights and some new'}, {'start': '170.000', 'end': '173.519', 'text': 'opportunities using weather radar and'}, {'start': '171.760', 'end': '175.280', 'text': 'similar to be able to provide better'}, {'start': '173.519', 'end': '177.040', 'text': 'warning and better anticipation of these'}, {'start': '175.280', 'end': '178.560', 'text': 'threats. And Dr. Allen, oftent times'}, {'start': '177.040', 'end': '180.480', 'text': 'during the severe season we talk about'}, {'start': '178.560', 'end': '182.159', 'text': "instability. That's what fuels severe"}, {'start': '180.480', 'end': '184.480', 'text': "weather, especially in Texas. We're"}, {'start': '182.159', 'end': '187.200', 'text': 'looking at the dry line igniting this'}, {'start': '184.480', 'end': '188.120', 'text': 'for areas like the Hill Country out'}, {'start': '187.200', 'end': '190.800', 'text': 'towards'}, {'start': '188.120', 'end': '192.800', 'text': 'I35. Is there a point though where too'}, {'start': '190.800', 'end': '195.760', 'text': 'much instability actually prevents those'}, {'start': '192.800', 'end': '197.920', 'text': 'storms from producing large hail?'}, {'start': '195.760', 'end': '199.519', 'text': 'Yeah. So, as we uh increase the'}, {'start': '197.920', 'end': '201.360', 'text': 'temperature, we can suspend more and'}, {'start': '199.519', 'end': '203.280', 'text': 'more water in the atmosphere. As you put'}, {'start': '201.360', 'end': '204.959', 'text': 'more and more water into the updraft of'}, {'start': '203.280', 'end': '207.120', 'text': 'the thunderstorm, it actually acts as a'}, {'start': '204.959', 'end': '208.959', 'text': 'little bit of a break. And so eventually'}, {'start': '207.120', 'end': '210.879', 'text': "you don't tend to grow hail in the same"}, {'start': '208.959', 'end': '212.560', 'text': "way. That being said, there's a lot of"}, {'start': '210.879', 'end': '214.400', 'text': 'different ways to grow large hail. Um'}, {'start': '212.560', 'end': '216.239', 'text': "the US has the largest hailstone that's"}, {'start': '214.400', 'end': '218.080', 'text': 'occurred in the world, uh around about 8'}, {'start': '216.239', 'end': '221.599', 'text': 'in in diameter, which you can imagine is'}, {'start': '218.080', 'end': '223.840', 'text': 'an enormous hailstone. Uh but how these'}, {'start': '221.599', 'end': '225.440', 'text': 'sto these stones actually form varies'}, {'start': '223.840', 'end': '227.440', 'text': "from storm to storm and we really don't"}, {'start': '225.440', 'end': '228.480', 'text': 'understand what drives that production,'}, {'start': '227.440', 'end': '230.400', 'text': "whether you're going to get lots of"}, {'start': '228.480', 'end': '232.000', 'text': 'small hail or some of the really big'}, {'start': '230.400', 'end': '234.080', 'text': "stuff. Yeah. And we've already seen this"}, {'start': '232.000', 'end': '236.159', 'text': 'week, Dr. Alan, where one is coming down'}, {'start': '234.080', 'end': '237.599', 'text': 'at, you know, a DVD size hail.'}, {'start': '236.159', 'end': '239.200', 'text': 'Everything else seems to be about 2 in'}, {'start': '237.599', 'end': '240.959', 'text': "in diameter. So, there's just that one"}, {'start': '239.200', 'end': '243.760', 'text': 'that was massive and everything else'}, {'start': '240.959', 'end': '245.360', 'text': 'widespread blanketing the road was'}, {'start': '243.760', 'end': '247.040', 'text': 'considerably smaller, but still all'}, {'start': '245.360', 'end': '249.439', 'text': "creating damage and that's the point of"}, {'start': '247.040', 'end': '250.879', 'text': 'all of this. You and I at home, we have'}, {'start': '249.439', 'end': '252.959', 'text': 'the price tag of that and we want to'}, {'start': '250.879', 'end': '254.400', 'text': 'know that awareness ahead of time. So,'}, {'start': '252.959', 'end': '256.720', 'text': 'in the future, I know this is something'}, {'start': '254.400', 'end': '258.239', 'text': 'that we really want to focus and study.'}, {'start': '256.720', 'end': '261.040', 'text': "Do you believe that there's going to be"}, {'start': '258.239', 'end': '262.960', 'text': 'more lead time in advance that hey large'}, {'start': '261.040', 'end': '266.320', 'text': 'hail could be knocking on your doorstep'}, {'start': '262.960', 'end': '268.400', 'text': 'and banging on your roof?'}, {'start': '266.320', 'end': '270.000', 'text': 'So I think it would be great for us to'}, {'start': '268.400', 'end': '271.759', 'text': 'be able to say more about the sizes'}, {'start': '270.000', 'end': '273.280', 'text': "we're expecting, right? Um different"}, {'start': '271.759', 'end': '275.280', 'text': 'sizes have different implications.'}, {'start': '273.280', 'end': '277.280', 'text': "Smaller hail generally doesn't do a lot"}, {'start': '275.280', 'end': '278.800', 'text': 'of damage. As we get up to that 2 in and'}, {'start': '277.280', 'end': '280.560', 'text': "above, that's where you can think about"}, {'start': '278.800', 'end': '282.240', 'text': 'putting your car in a garage. You can'}, {'start': '280.560', 'end': '284.160', 'text': 'think about mitigation strategies to'}, {'start': '282.240', 'end': '286.240', 'text': 'maybe prevent hail from doing quite so'}, {'start': '284.160', 'end': '287.440', 'text': 'much damage. I think that there is a'}, {'start': '286.240', 'end': '289.600', 'text': "decent chance that we're going to be"}, {'start': '287.440', 'end': '291.600', 'text': 'able to offer some insights into that.'}, {'start': '289.600', 'end': '292.880', 'text': "Um I don't think necessarily lead time"}, {'start': '291.600', 'end': '295.680', 'text': 'is going to maybe have the same effect'}, {'start': '292.880', 'end': '298.479', 'text': 'that tornadoes has, but uh for groups'}, {'start': '295.680', 'end': '300.160', 'text': 'like uh photovoltaic solar plants, they'}, {'start': '298.479', 'end': '301.600', 'text': 'need that lead time to stow in a way'}, {'start': '300.160', 'end': '304.320', 'text': "that means they don't get damage from"}, {'start': '301.600', 'end': '305.759', 'text': "these. Um so I think that there's a few"}, {'start': '304.320', 'end': '307.600', 'text': 'few different groups that have different'}, {'start': '305.759', 'end': '308.880', 'text': 'needs when it comes to hail forecasting'}, {'start': '307.600', 'end': '310.639', 'text': "and hopefully we'll be able to meet"}, {'start': '308.880', 'end': '312.320', 'text': "those needs in the coming years. It's a"}, {'start': '310.639', 'end': '313.680', 'text': "fascinating topic, something that we're"}, {'start': '312.320', 'end': '315.520', 'text': 'going to learn a lot about in the years'}, {'start': '313.680', 'end': '317.360', 'text': "ahead. And overall, it's a great"}, {'start': '315.520', 'end': '319.039', 'text': 'opportunity to kind of dive into the'}, {'start': '317.360', 'end': '320.639', 'text': 'science of this and a and a better'}, {'start': '319.039', 'end': '322.080', 'text': 'understanding. Dr. John Allen, thank you'}, {'start': '320.639', 'end': '325.080', 'text': 'for being with us tonight here on Fox'}, {'start': '322.080', 'end': '325.080', 'text': 'Weather.'}, {'start': '331.600', 'end': '334.419', 'text': '[Music]'}]