タイタニック号はどういう経緯で沈没したのか？ | 物理学で完全解説
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[{'start': '0.000', 'end': '6.279', 'text': 'Titanic hits iceberg Why was this'}, {'start': '3.120', 'end': '9.519', 'text': 'giant ship destroyed? Just before the collision, the'}, {'start': '6.279', 'end': '13.360', 'text': 'crew desperately tried to turn left, but'}, {'start': '9.519', 'end': '16.840', 'text': 'this resulted in a fatal long crack in the nosepiece.'}, {'start': '13.360', 'end': '20.199', 'text': 'Water started to leak and the ship gradually'}, {'start': '16.840', 'end': '22.840', 'text': 'started to list. The captain took emergency measures. He'}, {'start': '22.840', 'end': '30.160', 'text': 'tried to use ballast pumps to drain the water from the flooded compartments. However,'}, {'start': '26.679', 'end': '32.960', 'text': 'water started to overflow into the unsealed sections.'}, {'start': '30.160', 'end': '35.840', 'text': 'What do you think would happen in this situation? To'}, {'start': '32.960', 'end': '39.079', 'text': 'fully understand this crisis, you'}, {'start': '39.079', 'end': '45.600', 'text': "must first understand the Titanic's advanced waterproof design. The nosepiece is"}, {'start': '42.840', 'end': '49.600', 'text': 'divided into 16 compartments. Each compartment is separated by a'}, {'start': '45.600', 'end': '53.000', 'text': 'thick metal wall called the core wall. In this diagram, you'}, {'start': '53.000', 'end': '59.239', 'text': 'can see in detail the riveting technology used to make each compartment watertight.'}, {'start': '55.800', 'end': '60.920', 'text': 'Even more interesting is the design of the doors that separated the compartments. They'}, {'start': '60.920', 'end': '67.479', 'text': 'were also watertight. Interestingly, in the event of a leak, the'}, {'start': '64.439', 'end': '71.520', 'text': 'doors were designed to close within a few seconds.'}, {'start': '71.520', 'end': '79.360', 'text': 'In theory, even if one compartment was flooded, the impact on the others'}, {'start': '75.439', 'end': '82.880', 'text': 'should be minimized. The steam turbines, the heart of the ship, were'}, {'start': '79.360', 'end': '85.680', 'text': 'installed in this compartment.'}, {'start': '82.880', 'end': '88.320', 'text': 'In this diagram, you can see how the propellers rotate. The'}, {'start': '88.320', 'end': '95.079', 'text': 'Titanic also had steam turbines in adjacent compartments. The'}, {'start': '91.600', 'end': '98.119', 'text': 'role of the steam turbines was to'}, {'start': '95.079', 'end': '101.280', 'text': 'extract energy from the steam exhausted by the steam turbines. The'}, {'start': '98.119', 'end': '104.840', 'text': 'steam turbines drove the third propeller. The'}, {'start': '101.280', 'end': '107.479', 'text': 'coal needed for the steam engines was'}, {'start': '104.840', 'end': '110.680', 'text': 'stored in these rooms. They were'}, {'start': '107.479', 'end': '113.439', 'text': 'called coal bunkers. The empty spaces between the bunkers'}, {'start': '110.680', 'end': '117.000', 'text': 'housed the boilers. The'}, {'start': '113.439', 'end': '120.560', 'text': 'boilers produced the steam needed for the steam engines.'}, {'start': '117.000', 'end': '123.759', 'text': 'In this diagram, you can see workers'}, {'start': '120.560', 'end': '127.280', 'text': 'unloading coal from the coal bunkers and putting it into the boilers. The'}, {'start': '123.759', 'end': '130.280', 'text': 'waste air was'}, {'start': '127.280', 'end': '133.440', 'text': 'released through four smokestacks, or funnels. The'}, {'start': '130.280', 'end': '137.400', 'text': 'Titanic had four such smokestacks,'}, {'start': '133.440', 'end': '141.319', 'text': 'three of which were used for the actual pneumonia and'}, {'start': '137.400', 'end': '143.840', 'text': 'one for ventilation. The workers are now'}, {'start': '141.319', 'end': '147.680', 'text': 'installing the most important part of the ship - the propellers.'}, {'start': '143.840', 'end': '152.840', 'text': 'As the propellers rotate, the ship'}, {'start': '147.680', 'end': '155.599', 'text': 'moves forward. Some may think that if the ship goes into a mountain, the soft snow on the mountain'}, {'start': '152.840', 'end': '158.760', 'text': 'cannot damage the ship.'}, {'start': '155.599', 'end': '162.239', 'text': 'Understanding the internal structure of an iceberg can'}, {'start': '158.760', 'end': '165.920', 'text': 'reveal the deeper layers of the collision. As you can see, an'}, {'start': '162.239', 'end': '169.080', 'text': 'iceberg is made up of several layers. The'}, {'start': '165.920', 'end': '172.920', 'text': 'surface layer is indeed soft snow, but underneath it is  There is an'}, {'start': '169.080', 'end': '176.680', 'text': 'extremely hard layer of ice formation.'}, {'start': '172.920', 'end': '180.000', 'text': 'This means that if the ship hits an iceberg, the'}, {'start': '176.680', 'end': '183.599', 'text': 'soft outer layer will crumble, but the hard ice inside'}, {'start': '180.000', 'end': '186.519', 'text': "will cause severe damage to the tip of the iceberg. Let's take a"}, {'start': '186.519', 'end': '192.720', 'text': 'closer look at what happened on the fateful night of the Titanic.'}, {'start': '190.120', 'end': '196.200', 'text': 'By the time the lookout spotted the huge iceberg, it'}, {'start': '192.720', 'end': '200.480', 'text': 'was already too late. The ship was'}, {'start': '196.200', 'end': '202.159', 'text': 'traveling at a high speed of about 40 km per hour, and if there had been a head-on collision, what do you'}, {'start': '200.480', 'end': '206.000', 'text': 'think would have happened? It is easy to imagine that'}, {'start': '202.159', 'end': '209.239', 'text': 'at least two sections would have been destroyed, causing'}, {'start': '206.000', 'end': '212.439', 'text': 'many casualties among the athletes, nearby passengers, and the Senate.'}, {'start': '209.239', 'end': '215.319', 'text': 'But did the'}, {'start': '212.439', 'end': '219.640', 'text': 'ship really sink from such a collision?'}, {'start': '215.319', 'end': '222.480', 'text': "First, let's take a closer look at the actual collision and its"}, {'start': '219.640', 'end': '226.000', 'text': 'impact on the ship. It'}, {'start': '226.000', 'end': '233.159', 'text': 'was impossible to stop a huge ship in such a short distance, and the crew did'}, {'start': '229.239', 'end': '236.840', 'text': 'everything they could to avoid the collision. Aida'}, {'start': '233.159', 'end': '240.840', 'text': 'immediately began to turn left. Directly beneath the dart was a'}, {'start': '236.840', 'end': '244.400', 'text': 'complex mechanism.'}, {'start': '240.840', 'end': '248.159', 'text': 'Aida turned the dart, which'}, {'start': '244.400', 'end': '250.159', 'text': 'activated a piston, and the movement was transmitted to the equipment through long hydraulic lines.'}, {'start': '261.199', 'end': '267.759', 'text': 'In addition to steering, attempts were also made to'}, {'start': '264.520', 'end': '271.560', 'text': 'reduce engine power or reverse the rotation. By'}, {'start': '267.759', 'end': '274.840', 'text': 'reversing the propeller, a rapid'}, {'start': '271.560', 'end': '279.240', 'text': 'turnaround was achieved. These efforts caused the ship to turn slightly to the'}, {'start': '274.840', 'end': '282.400', 'text': "left, but they were unable to completely avoid the collision. An underwater iceberg struck the side of the ship's nose."}, {'start': '287.000', 'end': '294.759', 'text': "As explained earlier, the iceberg's crown caused severe damage to the nose. See the"}, {'start': '294.759', 'end': '301.759', 'text': 'diagram for the effect this impact had on the iron rivet joints. The rivets damaged the'}, {'start': '301.759', 'end': '309.400', 'text': 'outer hull of about five of the 16 sections. Seawater'}, {'start': '305.560', 'end': '313.680', 'text': "began to seep into sections that were originally meant to be waterproof. Now let's carry out a simple experiment to understand the behavior of"}, {'start': '309.400', 'end': '317.479', 'text': 'high-oil-containing electric steel in a low-temperature home.'}, {'start': '317.479', 'end': '325.120', 'text': 'This is a brittle metal of constant quality. It will not'}, {'start': '321.080', 'end': '329.160', 'text': 'break even if you hit it at room temperature.'}, {'start': '325.120', 'end': '332.120', 'text': "Now let's cool it with liquid nitrogen. The temperature is now"}, {'start': '329.160', 'end': '332.120', 'text': 'minus 6. When'}, {'start': '335.199', 'end': '340.000', 'text': 'the temperature drops to plus 6°, it'}, {'start': '349.360', 'end': '357.280', 'text': 'easily shatters.'}, {'start': '352.639', 'end': '360.720', 'text': 'Now, back to our main topic.'}, {'start': '357.280', 'end': '363.360', 'text': 'What do you think would happen if water entered the waterline?'}, {'start': '360.720', 'end': '367.120', 'text': 'The first to notice something was wrong'}, {'start': '363.360', 'end': '370.039', 'text': 'were the workers in the boiler room. You can imagine their fear and confusion.'}, {'start': '367.120', 'end': '373.840', 'text': 'Seawater gradually'}, {'start': '370.039', 'end': '377.520', 'text': 'fills the compartments. Do you know what happens when the first two compartments are'}, {'start': '373.840', 'end': '379.599', 'text': 'filled with water? The ship will'}, {'start': '377.520', 'end': '384.280', 'text': 'tilt slightly. The'}, {'start': '379.599', 'end': '388.919', 'text': 'walls are high enough above the waterline to'}, {'start': '384.280', 'end': '391.479', 'text': 'prevent water from entering the other compartments. The ship is safe. The man who came'}, {'start': '388.919', 'end': '394.080', 'text': 'up with the design of the Titanic was'}, {'start': '391.479', 'end': '398.360', 'text': 'Thomas Andrews.'}, {'start': '394.080', 'end': '401.759', 'text': 'His design'}, {'start': '398.360', 'end': '404.639', 'text': "allowed for up to four compartments to be damaged. Let's"}, {'start': '401.759', 'end': '408.840', 'text': 'try an experiment using a scale model of the Titanic. The'}, {'start': '404.639', 'end': '410.160', 'text': 'wall height and waterline are proportional to the real thing.'}, {'start': '410.160', 'end': '418.879', 'text': "Let's start by drilling holes in the first four compartments to see what"}, {'start': '414.400', 'end': '418.879', 'text': 'happens. The'}, {'start': '420.599', 'end': '424.800', 'text': 'ship will indeed flood and tilt, but it will remain'}, {'start': '428.879', 'end': '438.360', 'text': 'stable and will not sink. In other words, the'}, {'start': '434.479', 'end': '441.919', 'text': 'result is just as Anders calculated. It is'}, {'start': '438.360', 'end': '444.840', 'text': 'stable even with four compartments cracked.'}, {'start': '441.919', 'end': '447.360', 'text': 'So what happens if you drill a hole in one more compartment? If a'}, {'start': '448.520', 'end': '454.800', 'text': 'fifth compartment is flooded, the situation will change.  The'}, {'start': '456.240', 'end': '464.319', 'text': "ship's tilt"}, {'start': '460.479', 'end': '467.599', 'text': 'increases rapidly, and the line rises. You can see that'}, {'start': '464.319', 'end': '470.720', 'text': 'water is spilling out of one compartment after another, like a chain reaction.'}, {'start': '467.599', 'end': '474.039', 'text': 'From one'}, {'start': '470.720', 'end': '477.400', 'text': 'compartment to another, the angle of the ship becomes larger and larger, and'}, {'start': '474.039', 'end': '479.800', 'text': 'finally, the ship is fully prepared and begins to sink.'}, {'start': '479.800', 'end': '484.599', 'text': 'This is the mechanism behind the sinking of the Titanic. The'}, {'start': '484.680', 'end': '492.639', 'text': 'same thing happened on the Titanic.'}, {'start': '488.319', 'end': '496.440', 'text': 'About five compartments were damaged, and'}, {'start': '492.639', 'end': '500.000', 'text': 'water spilled into the adjacent compartments one by one, causing the'}, {'start': '496.440', 'end': '504.520', 'text': "ship's tilt to increase with each passing moment."}, {'start': '500.000', 'end': '508.280', 'text': 'This continued like a chain reaction. The'}, {'start': '504.520', 'end': '511.360', 'text': 'captain of the RMS Titanic,'}, {'start': '508.280', 'end': '514.440', 'text': 'Edward Smith, is said to have'}, {'start': '511.360', 'end': '519.360', 'text': 'realized the dire situation 10 to 30 minutes after the collision.'}, {'start': '514.440', 'end': '522.640', 'text': 'While checking the blueprints, he'}, {'start': '519.360', 'end': '525.959', 'text': 'reaffirmed that the ship would be safe if the ship had up to four compartments of pure water.'}, {'start': '522.640', 'end': '530.040', 'text': 'However, he'}, {'start': '525.959', 'end': '533.399', 'text': 'learned about the chain reaction of water flow from the designer Thomas Andrius. He must have'}, {'start': '530.040', 'end': '536.680', 'text': 'realized at that moment that the ship was beyond repair.'}, {'start': '533.399', 'end': '540.800', 'text': 'Nevertheless, the captain'}, {'start': '536.680', 'end': '544.600', 'text': 'took measures to delay the sinking of the Titanic. This was'}, {'start': '540.800', 'end': '547.360', 'text': 'by pumping out the pure water compartment. The captain'}, {'start': '544.600', 'end': '551.160', 'text': 'Knowing that it was impossible to completely dry the deck, the crew'}, {'start': '551.160', 'end': '557.560', 'text': 'tried to delay the sinking as long as possible and buy more time to save more lives. The crew'}, {'start': '557.560', 'end': '564.760', 'text': 'ran the ballast and bilge pumps to the maximum to drain the water. This is'}, {'start': '564.760', 'end': '570.000', 'text': 'why the boiler room workers kept working so hard until the very last moment. The pumps were steam-'}, {'start': '568.160', 'end': '572.839', 'text': 'powered, and they'}, {'start': '572.839', 'end': '580.959', 'text': 'believed that as long as they could maintain the water pressure, they could extend the life of the ship even a little. As expected, the water-filling speed'}, {'start': '577.480', 'end': '584.399', 'text': "far exceeded the pumps' water-filling capacity. The"}, {'start': '580.959', 'end': '587.839', 'text': 'captain was faced with a harsh reality and'}, {'start': '584.399', 'end': '591.120', 'text': "had no choice but to prepare for the ship's sinking within two hours. However,"}, {'start': '587.839', 'end': '594.120', 'text': 'this raises a question.'}, {'start': '591.120', 'end': '597.800', 'text': 'Before setting out, the Titanic had been'}, {'start': '594.120', 'end': '599.839', 'text': 'warned of the presence of marines about 400 miles from Newfoundland.'}, {'start': '599.839', 'end': '607.600', 'text': 'In such dangerous waters, a slow speed of about 22 kilometers per hour is'}, {'start': '603.360', 'end': '611.360', 'text': 'required. However, Captain Smith'}, {'start': '607.600', 'end': '614.120', 'text': 'rejected this suggestion and ordered the ship to go at full speed.'}, {'start': '611.360', 'end': '616.880', 'text': 'Why did he make such a decision? Contrary'}, {'start': '614.120', 'end': '620.680', 'text': 'to popular belief, the'}, {'start': '616.880', 'end': '623.399', 'text': 'captain was not aiming to set a new record for the fastest crossing of the Atlantic.  It'}, {'start': '623.399', 'end': '629.839', 'text': 'was possible. There were much faster ships at the time.'}, {'start': '626.760', 'end': '632.959', 'text': 'Captain Smith'}, {'start': '629.839', 'end': '635.959', 'text': 'was absolutely confident that the Titanic would not sink. There'}, {'start': '635.959', 'end': '643.560', 'text': 'were three main reasons why the crew believed that the Titanic would not sink. One of them'}, {'start': '639.680', 'end': '646.320', 'text': 'was its unique double-pane structure. To better understand this structure,'}, {'start': '646.320', 'end': '655.399', 'text': "let's take a look at the construction site of the Titanic. At the time,"}, {'start': '650.839', 'end': '655.399', 'text': 'riveting was the norm for joining two metal plates, and the'}, {'start': '655.880', 'end': '661.720', 'text': 'introduction of riveters made the process more efficient.'}, {'start': '661.720', 'end': '668.399', 'text': 'First, take a look at the riveting work at the base of the ship. You can see that'}, {'start': '668.680', 'end': '675.440', 'text': 'this area has a double structure.'}, {'start': '672.000', 'end': '679.200', 'text': 'Once this base is complete, it is'}, {'start': '675.440', 'end': '682.639', 'text': 'relatively easy to attach the remaining hull. The'}, {'start': '679.200', 'end': '686.160', 'text': 'workers used rivets to join the numerous back panels.'}, {'start': '682.639', 'end': '690.000', 'text': 'As we explained earlier,'}, {'start': '686.160', 'end': '693.519', 'text': 'these riveting joints played a major role in flooding after the side collision.'}, {'start': '690.000', 'end': '699.680', 'text': 'Other construction'}, {'start': '693.519', 'end': '702.320', 'text': 'steps, such as the construction of the compartments, the installation of the boilers, steam engines, generators, and'}, {'start': '699.680', 'end': '705.760', 'text': 'elevator system, can be'}, {'start': '702.320', 'end': '708.839', 'text': 'seen in the diagram here. If you are'}, {'start': '705.760', 'end': '712.480', 'text': 'interested in the accommodation for each class on the Titanic, please'}, {'start': '708.839', 'end': '715.920', 'text': "see here. The crew's"}, {'start': '712.480', 'end': '719.959', 'text': 'accommodation was located on the deck above the engine and coal deck.  The'}, {'start': '730.519', 'end': '737.920', 'text': 'Titanic was located in a very convenient location, with a staircase, elevators, and even a detailed view of the cabins. The higher you went, the more luxurious the facilities and, naturally, the more expensive the accommodations would be. This double-walled structure meant that if the ship collided with or was crushed by an underwater object, the'}, {'start': '734.440', 'end': '741.680', 'text': 'damage would be contained to the rear layer. The ship would'}, {'start': '741.680', 'end': '748.399', 'text': 'remain safe and stable. So'}, {'start': '745.279', 'end': '750.680', 'text': 'what if there was a head-on collision? This'}, {'start': '750.680', 'end': '758.120', 'text': 'leads to the second reason for the earthquake they had. We know that if the Titanic collided head-on, the'}, {'start': '754.440', 'end': '760.800', 'text': 'two forward compartments would be destroyed and the third'}, {'start': '758.120', 'end': '764.480', 'text': "compartment would likely be flooded. Let's try to perform an"}, {'start': '760.800', 'end': '767.240', 'text': 'experiment with this situation.'}, {'start': '768.639', 'end': '774.519', 'text': "Let's damage two compartments. As you can see, we"}, {'start': '771.560', 'end': '777.199', 'text': 'completely destroyed the first two compartments.'}, {'start': '774.519', 'end': '781.839', 'text': "Water will leak from the third compartment. Let's"}, {'start': '777.199', 'end': '785.399', 'text': 'see what happens in this case. The'}, {'start': '781.839', 'end': '788.920', 'text': 'ship will list, but remain stable.'}, {'start': '785.399', 'end': '792.399', 'text': "Thomas Anders' calculations were"}, {'start': '788.920', 'end': '794.920', 'text': 'accurate once again. If there had been a head-on collision, the'}, {'start': '792.399', 'end': '798.959', 'text': 'Titanic would have avoided sinking.'}, {'start': '794.920', 'end': '802.600', 'text': 'However, the head-on collision'}, {'start': '798.959', 'end': '806.079', 'text': 'caused many casualties, especially among the crew in the forward compartments.'}, {'start': '802.600', 'end': '809.720', 'text': 'However, the tip of the ship itself would have remained'}, {'start': '806.079', 'end': '811.320', 'text': 'stable even if it tilted, and most of the passengers would have been safe.'}, {'start': '811.320', 'end': '818.880', 'text': 'Furthermore, as explained above, the'}, {'start': '815.279', 'end': '822.440', 'text': "ship's stability should have been maintained even if up to four compartments were flooded. In"}, {'start': '818.880', 'end': '824.760', 'text': 'this case, the water would not have risen above the top of the core.'}, {'start': '822.440', 'end': '827.639', 'text': 'This'}, {'start': '827.639', 'end': '833.320', 'text': 'was the third reason why people believed that the Titanic would not sink. Fate was cruel. The'}, {'start': '830.360', 'end': '837.120', 'text': 'Titanic was hit from the side, not from the front, as had been expected.'}, {'start': '833.320', 'end': '840.240', 'text': 'Furthermore,'}, {'start': '837.120', 'end': '842.759', 'text': 'five compartments were flooded instead of four, which'}, {'start': '842.759', 'end': '850.399', 'text': "overturned all of Thomas Andulius' calculations. As the situation developed, the"}, {'start': '846.800', 'end': '854.600', 'text': "Titanic's radio operator managed to contact the Carpathia, about 17 km"}, {'start': '850.399', 'end': '857.560', 'text': 'away.'}, {'start': '854.600', 'end': '861.440', 'text': 'However, the Carpathia took too long to arrive, making'}, {'start': '857.560', 'end': '864.519', 'text': 'rescue impossible. An emergency evacuation was'}, {'start': '861.440', 'end': '868.560', 'text': 'started, but the ship only had'}, {'start': '864.519', 'end': '870.040', 'text': '20 lifeboats, and there were clearly not enough boats to'}, {'start': '870.040', 'end': '877.639', 'text': 'rescue everyone. About 40 were needed to rescue everyone.'}, {'start': '873.480', 'end': '880.480', 'text': 'As water continued to flood the ship, the list'}, {'start': '877.639', 'end': '885.399', 'text': 'rapidly increased. When it reached an angle of about 45 degrees, the'}, {'start': '880.480', 'end': '889.440', 'text': 'steel superstructure collapsed, and the front half of the ship collapsed.  The'}, {'start': '893.720', 'end': '901.519', 'text': "Titanic's warriors and war equipment lies"}, {'start': '897.560', 'end': '904.000', 'text': 'in the ocean, about 610 meters away. The'}, {'start': '901.519', 'end': '909.240', 'text': 'tragic accident of the RMS Titanic'}, {'start': '904.000', 'end': '914.079', 'text': 'claimed more than 1,500 precious lives. Do you remember this'}, {'start': '909.240', 'end': '917.560', 'text': 'famous scene from the 1997 movie Titanic? Did you'}, {'start': '917.560', 'end': '925.120', 'text': 'notice something strange? The ship certainly'}, {'start': '921.560', 'end': '928.199', 'text': 'tilted at a large angle just before it sank, but never before had an acrosome of this length been'}, {'start': '925.120', 'end': '929.560', 'text': 'completely exposed above the waterline.'}, {'start': '929.560', 'end': '936.560', 'text': 'Our experimental results confirm this.'}, {'start': '933.120', 'end': '939.839', 'text': 'In the movie, the Titanic is'}, {'start': '936.560', 'end': '942.959', 'text': 'shown to break into two halves completely above the waterline. However, it is physically impossible for such a'}, {'start': '939.839', 'end': '947.519', 'text': 'large part to be above the waterline.'}, {'start': '942.959', 'end': '950.000', 'text': 'In reality, the acrosome was completely'}, {'start': '947.519', 'end': '953.920', 'text': 'bisected underwater.'}, {'start': '950.000', 'end': '957.000', 'text': 'Many other studies have confirmed this fact.'}, {'start': '953.920', 'end': '960.040', 'text': 'Director James Cameron may have'}, {'start': '957.000', 'end': '963.279', 'text': 'chosen this location for its physical impact.'}, {'start': '963.279', 'end': '970.279', 'text': 'If you are curious about the force that destroyed the Titanic, check out this experiment. The'}, {'start': '966.519', 'end': '973.279', 'text': 'weight of the floats causes them to be vertical when they sink.'}, {'start': '970.279', 'end': '976.079', 'text': 'However, during this process,  You'}, {'start': '973.279', 'end': '978.639', 'text': 'can see that the float is bending. The'}, {'start': '976.079', 'end': '983.639', 'text': 'Titanic was the same. The'}, {'start': '978.639', 'end': '987.519', 'text': 'weight of the water caused the athletes to sink, while the heavy machinery was'}, {'start': '983.639', 'end': '992.000', 'text': 'concentrated in the hull. This'}, {'start': '987.519', 'end': '995.639', 'text': 'generated a huge force on the hull, which eventually'}, {'start': '992.000', 'end': '999.600', 'text': 'caused it to collapse. In response to this tragedy in 1912, the'}, {'start': '995.639', 'end': '1003.839', 'text': 'International Navy Patrol was established to prevent similar accidents.'}, {'start': '999.600', 'end': '1005.959', 'text': 'Many shipping companies have'}, {'start': '1003.839', 'end': '1010.560', 'text': 'redesigned their existing lines, and in'}, {'start': '1005.959', 'end': '1015.160', 'text': 'addition to the double hull, the sides of the hull are also double-'}, {'start': '1010.560', 'end': '1019.880', 'text': 'structured. This'}, {'start': '1015.160', 'end': '1023.319', 'text': 'allows water to enter the interior to a minimum even if a hole is made in the hull. The'}, {'start': '1019.880', 'end': '1025.720', 'text': 'same technology is'}, {'start': '1023.319', 'end': '1029.559', 'text': "also used in the Wonder of the Seas, one of the world's largest cruise ships."}, {'start': '1025.720', 'end': '1033.720', 'text': 'This double structure contributes greatly to protecting the hull in the event of a collision.'}, {'start': '1029.559', 'end': '1036.640', 'text': 'With the double structure, the'}, {'start': '1033.720', 'end': '1041.319', 'text': 'corners of the waterproof compartments are also designed to be higher. The'}, {'start': '1036.640', 'end': '1045.439', 'text': 'next improvement is to design waterproof walls along the entire length of the ship.'}, {'start': '1041.319', 'end': '1049.280', 'text': 'These walls'}, {'start': '1045.439', 'end': '1053.240', 'text': 'are waterproof both horizontally and vertically. This'}, {'start': '1053.240', 'end': '1060.320', 'text': 'prevents a loss of buoyancy and effectively isolates the damaged compartments. Also, a'}, {'start': '1056.600', 'end': '1063.640', 'text': 'sufficient number of lifeboats are now on board to rescue all passengers on board in an emergency.'}, {'start': '1063.640', 'end': '1070.480', 'text': 'Learning from the tragedy of the Titanic,'}, {'start': '1066.880', 'end': '1073.640', 'text': 'safety regulations at the venue have been significantly strengthened.'}, {'start': '1073.640', 'end': '1080.440', 'text': 'High-quality wires that can withstand the impact of any accident are used in ship construction.'}, {'start': '1077.159', 'end': '1083.960', 'text': 'Furthermore, riveting'}, {'start': '1080.440', 'end': '1087.039', 'text': 'has been replaced by welding, which has made it'}, {'start': '1083.960', 'end': '1090.320', 'text': 'possible to more effectively prevent water from entering the hull. You can see that the frame that'}, {'start': '1087.039', 'end': '1093.960', 'text': 'forms the skeleton of the tip and the back half that covers the double structure of the needle are'}, {'start': '1090.320', 'end': '1097.559', 'text': 'perfectly welded. So,'}, {'start': '1100.799', 'end': '1108.400', 'text': 'what would happen if the Wonder of the Seas collided with the same piercing wall as the Titanic? Even if a strong impact is applied to the right, the'}, {'start': '1104.760', 'end': '1109.280', 'text': 'tip will not break due to advanced welding technology, but will only'}, {'start': '1109.280', 'end': '1117.000', 'text': 'deform inward. In other words,'}, {'start': '1113.400', 'end': '1120.120', 'text': 'thanks to modern advanced welding technology, water will not enter the hull.'}, {'start': '1120.120', 'end': '1127.360', 'text': 'Other technologies that improve the safety of modern ships'}, {'start': '1123.120', 'end': '1131.039', 'text': 'include the following. Even if a hole is created in the tip due to a collision with an iceberg or a piercing,'}, {'start': '1131.039', 'end': '1138.799', 'text': 'only the space between the inside and outside of the tip will be flooded due to the double piercing structure, and the'}, {'start': '1134.600', 'end': '1142.600', 'text': 'internal waterproof compartment will be protected. Furthermore, the building'}, {'start': '1138.799', 'end': '1145.960', 'text': 'system enhances the waterproof performance of the ship.'}, {'start': '1142.600', 'end': '1150.400', 'text': 'This system'}, {'start': '1145.960', 'end': '1154.520', 'text': 'efficiently discharges water that has entered the hull and plays an important role in preventing water resistance inside the hull.'}, {'start': '1150.400', 'end': '1158.120', 'text': 'Modern ships also use'}, {'start': '1154.520', 'end': '1161.640', 'text': 'various high-quality materials such as gaskets, O-rings, sealants, and other protective materials.  It is'}, {'start': '1158.120', 'end': '1165.559', 'text': 'watertight using performance sealing technology.'}, {'start': '1161.640', 'end': '1168.240', 'text': 'In addition, it is'}, {'start': '1165.559', 'end': '1169.280', 'text': 'equipped with a state-of-the-art navigation system that supports a safe high school.'}, {'start': '1173.360', 'end': '1179.919', 'text': 'Technologies such as satellite GPS radar sonar electronic chart display'}, {'start': '1176.400', 'end': '1182.520', 'text': 'contribute to early detection and avoidance of danger. This Titanic'}, {'start': '1179.919', 'end': '1185.640', 'text': 'video'}, {'start': '1182.520', 'end': '1188.799', 'text': 'was the largest in my YouTube career. It is'}, {'start': '1188.799', 'end': '1195.000', 'text': 'thanks to everyone who supports us through Patren that we were able to create such measures.'}, {'start': '1191.400', 'end': '1198.120', 'text': 'Your support is truly invaluable to me. I'}, {'start': '1198.120', 'end': '1204.000', 'text': 'look forward to your continued support. Take care of yourself, everyone. Bye.'}]