【ゆっくり解説】襲いかかる「冬将軍」でロシア軍狂乱！兵站崩壊で凍死してしまう
Trường An
[{'start': '0.160', 'end': '6.199', 'text': "This is Yukkuri Reimu.  It's Marisa slowly.   It's"}, {'start': '3.199', 'end': '6.199', 'text': "been getting cold lately.  I have to be careful not to catch a cold.   That's"}, {'start': '7.720', 'end': '10.720', 'text': "right.  It's about that season when you start wanting to pull out your down jacket.  It seems that influenza and coronavirus are also starting to spread.  I need to wash my hands properly."}, {'start': '19.039', 'end': '22.039', 'text': "Even Japan is cold, so it must be extremely cold in Ukraine.   That's"}, {'start': '23.760', 'end': '27.519', 'text': 'right.'}, {'start': '24.519', 'end': '27.519', 'text': "In past wars fought in Ukraine and Russia, the harsh winter, also known as General Winter, was on Russia's side and helped defeat Napoleon and Hitler.  But that's not necessarily the case this time."}, {'start': '37.040', 'end': '41.879', 'text': "I'd like to know more."}, {'start': '38.879', 'end': '41.879', 'text': "So this time I want to look at Russia's invasion of Ukraine, focusing on the impact of winter.   Thank you"}, {'start': '47.239', 'end': '51.320', 'text': 'very much.'}, {'start': '48.320', 'end': '51.320', 'text': 'Well then, everyone, take your time.'}, {'start': '52.830', 'end': '58.120', 'text': '[Music]'}, {'start': '55.120', 'end': '58.120', 'text': 'Sorry to ask such a basic question, but I was wondering how exactly does winter affect us?'}, {'start': '65.080', 'end': '66.320', 'text': 'Winter has many different effects on the military, but they'}, {'start': '66.320', 'end': '69.320', 'text': 'can be broadly divided into two categories: heat and cold.'}, {'start': '70.479', 'end': '74.560', 'text': 'Hmm.'}, {'start': '71.560', 'end': '74.560', 'text': 'Looking at the public effects, first of all, the starting power of Sobayashi vehicles will be impaired.'}, {'start': '77.520', 'end': '80.520', 'text': 'However, this is easily overcome by selecting the right chain specifications and tires, and it does not affect early vehicles much.  Separation was originally developed to break down false values.  Contrary to popular belief, tanks are often stronger in snow.'}, {'start': '85.900', 'end': '89.159', 'text': "[Music] It's"}, {'start': '94.840', 'end': '97.840', 'text': 'true that tracks have a larger surface area in contact with the ground than tires.'}, {'start': '100.360', 'end': '106.560', 'text': 'In combat, the high joints can turn the entire surface into a'}, {'start': '103.520', 'end': '109.360', 'text': 'pure white color, making standard camouflage'}, {'start': '106.560', 'end': '112.600', 'text': 'stand out against the landscape.'}, {'start': '109.360', 'end': '115.280', 'text': "In other words, if you're wearing green camouflage clothing in a snowy world, you'll"}, {'start': '112.600', 'end': '118.640', 'text': 'stand out like crazy.'}, {'start': '115.280', 'end': '121.200', 'text': "I can kind of understand that.  That's"}, {'start': '124.360', 'end': '129.680', 'text': 'why troops who may fight in public areas are generally equipped with winter combat uniforms that have cold-weather protection.'}, {'start': '126.680', 'end': '129.680', 'text': 'On the other hand, if you wear pure white winter camouflage clothing you can easily blend in with the snow.'}, {'start': '133.239', 'end': '137.920', 'text': 'What about tanks? They are also'}, {'start': '134.920', 'end': '137.920', 'text': 'painted white in winter for car washing, but the situation is a little different.'}, {'start': '140.959', 'end': '145.120', 'text': 'What does that mean?'}, {'start': '142.120', 'end': '145.120', 'text': 'Many modern tanks are equipped with thermal imaging cameras, devices like those fitted to the Predator that detect heat from objects and convert it into video.'}, {'start': '153.319', 'end': '156.319', 'text': "These are called thermal sights, and the greater the temperature difference between the target and the background, the greater the target's ability to be identified from a longer distance. This"}, {'start': '163.200', 'end': '166.200', 'text': "means that even if a tank is painted pure white, if it's running its engine and emitting heat, it will be clearly"}, {'start': '170.319', 'end': '173.319', 'text': 'visible from several distances.  Moreover, this trend has become even stronger recently due to the use of small thermal sights by infantry and drones.'}, {'start': '180.959', 'end': '186.760', 'text': 'This could widen the gap between Ukraine, which receives an abundance of equipment from the West, and'}, {'start': '186.760', 'end': '192.080', 'text': 'Russia, which lacks advanced electronic equipment'}, {'start': '189.360', 'end': '195.239', 'text': '.'}, {'start': '192.080', 'end': '199.480', 'text': 'Certainly, Russia could easily strengthen its offensive and defensive capabilities by installing explosive reactive driving or other new technologies'}, {'start': '195.239', 'end': '202.280', 'text': 'on older tanks such as the T62'}, {'start': '202.280', 'end': '205.799', 'text': '.'}, {'start': '202.799', 'end': '205.799', 'text': 'However, it is unlikely that all of them will be able to be equipped with thermal sights, which require a large number of highly sophisticated components such as germanium-coated lenses and microchips.'}, {'start': '213.120', 'end': '216.120', 'text': 'This is where economic sanctions come in.'}, {'start': '216.400', 'end': '221.120', 'text': 'I see that happening.'}, {'start': '218.760', 'end': '224.120', 'text': 'So, what about the cold? It is'}, {'start': '221.120', 'end': '224.120', 'text': 'thought that the fighting power of the human soldiers on stage will be affected by the cold, as soldiers will catch cold, flu, and other illnesses caused by the cold.   The'}, {'start': '231.599', 'end': '236.040', 'text': 'throwing is especially scary.'}, {'start': '234.079', 'end': '239.040', 'text': "I can't really imagine it.   You"}, {'start': '236.040', 'end': '239.040', 'text': 'often hear that if you thaw frozen meat quickly, the juices will leak out.  That phenomenon occurs when the water in the meat tissue turns to ice, causing the ice crystals to damage the tissue.'}, {'start': '252.959', 'end': '255.959', 'text': 'If a serious complaint were to be made, the entire organization would be ruined.'}, {'start': '258.359', 'end': '263.720', 'text': 'Furthermore, there is a risk that circulation may be disrupted at times'}, {'start': '261.199', 'end': '266.560', 'text': '.  When this happens, the'}, {'start': '263.720', 'end': '269.800', 'text': 'tissue dies and rots.  In other words, the result will be the same as'}, {'start': '266.560', 'end': '272.400', 'text': 'if the original condition had been corrected, so from a satellite perspective, the only option is to'}, {'start': '269.800', 'end': '276.280', 'text': 'remove the tissue that caused the original condition'}, {'start': '272.400', 'end': '279.560', 'text': ".  Well, of course you wouldn't be able to run around with a gun,"}, {'start': '276.280', 'end': '282.320', 'text': 'so that means human fighting power still'}, {'start': '279.560', 'end': '285.320', 'text': 'remained.   If it'}, {'start': '282.320', 'end': '288.199', 'text': "gets really bad, the dance corps' functions will be paralyzed."}, {'start': '285.320', 'end': '291.400', 'text': 'And not only at the beginning, but also as mentioned at the beginning,'}, {'start': '288.199', 'end': '294.680', 'text': 'epidemics became fatal diseases for the military.'}, {'start': '291.400', 'end': '297.680', 'text': 'Field hospitals are already overcrowded after an outbreak, there'}, {'start': '297.680', 'end': '304.479', 'text': "aren't enough medical resources to treat the epidemic, and military life is"}, {'start': '300.280', 'end': '307.880', 'text': "based on communal living.  It's spreading explosively"}, {'start': '304.479', 'end': '308.960', 'text': '.  And the cold affects not only people but also the land'}, {'start': '307.880', 'end': '311.960', 'text': '.'}, {'start': '308.960', 'end': '311.960', 'text': 'This means that the moisture in the soil will freeze, making it very difficult to dig a hole using normal means.'}, {'start': '315.440', 'end': '319.440', 'text': 'This means it will be difficult to dig up the remaining issues.'}, {'start': '318.400', 'end': '322.440', 'text': 'Therefore,'}, {'start': '319.440', 'end': '322.440', 'text': "if we allow the enemy to make a large-scale breakthrough once during this period, it will become difficult to build a defensive line on the sides, and we will often not be able to hold the enemy back.  Moreover, if the ground is frozen that badly, tanks and other vehicles will be able to start moving freely, so there's no way to stop it."}, {'start': '337.360', 'end': '343.360', 'text': 'Winter is an important season in war.'}, {'start': '340.360', 'end': '343.360', 'text': "That's why militaries have generally developed equipment and ingenuity to overcome winter's weaknesses and take advantage of their enemy's weaknesses."}, {'start': '349.800', 'end': '353.720', 'text': 'For example,'}, {'start': '350.720', 'end': '353.720', 'text': 'tents are generally called "Tet", but the tents used in the military are equipped with ventilation so that stoves can be used.  This will prevent the enemy from casting a spell and allow you to feed him and recover his strength.   It'}, {'start': '366.919', 'end': '369.919', 'text': "'s a simple trick, but it's not a silly one."}, {'start': '370.599', 'end': '374.680', 'text': 'I see.'}, {'start': '371.680', 'end': '374.680', 'text': 'And as individual soldiers, they take various measures to prevent exposure, such as carrying lots of spare underwear or putting disposable circuits in their boots.   Is it'}, {'start': '382.080', 'end': '385.080', 'text': 'possible for a disposable circuit to have that kind of power?'}, {'start': '392.319', 'end': '395.240', 'text': "Yes it does.  The name is at the fingertips.  My toes are particularly prone to cracking, but to put it in extreme terms, they won't reach 10°C unless the temperature drops below 30"}, {'start': '393.319', 'end': '398.240', 'text': '°C.   On the'}, {'start': '395.240', 'end': '398.240', 'text': 'other hand, it can also be said that the final result can be determined by a difference of just a few degrees, so it can be said to be an important defensive measure.  My personal recommendation is the combination of platinum circuitry and shoe circuitry.'}, {'start': '406.479', 'end': '410.639', 'text': 'I see.'}, {'start': '407.639', 'end': '410.639', 'text': 'Heat transfer cold protection gear has recently started to become popular among civilians, and perhaps it will soon become popular among the military as well.  However, there are major pitfalls to this approach.'}, {'start': '421.280', 'end': '425.639', 'text': 'Do you understand Reimu?'}, {'start': '422.639', 'end': '425.639', 'text': "Eh, what is it? Ah, I get it.  Doesn't that mean that special equipment is required for fuel injection?"}, {'start': '428.960', 'end': '431.960', 'text': 'Correct.  In other words, as long as modern armies are connected evenly, they can fight in cold weather unless there is some extremely bad weather, and it can be said that the cold weather does not affect their human fighting power.'}, {'start': '450.000', 'end': '451.160', 'text': "This means that if they run out of fuel or special equipment doesn't arrive, it will probably be a third wave in the current area, depending on the area"}, {'start': '451.160', 'end': '454.160', 'text': '.  By the way, eastern Ukraine is a region where winters have battered both Hitler and Napoleon in the past.'}, {'start': '457.919', 'end': '460.919', 'text': 'But Russia is taking advantage of the winter.'}, {'start': '461.280', 'end': '464.280', 'text': 'By the way, Reimu, do you know the term "composition limit point"?'}, {'start': '465.759', 'end': '469.759', 'text': 'What is that?'}, {'start': '466.759', 'end': '469.759', 'text': "This is a term that can be interpreted as the limit at which the attacking side can be the attacking side, or to put it simply, it is the limit of how flat the attacking side can be.  Due to the nature of the military's operations, which require constant consumption of large amounts of resources, their capabilities depend heavily on flatness.  That's why your attack power also depends on the flatness."}, {'start': '487.080', 'end': '492.720', 'text': 'And what does winter have to do with it?'}, {'start': '489.720', 'end': '492.720', 'text': 'This composition limit can change as much as you want depending on your strength and the environment.  And when winter comes, the demand for special supplies increases steadily and troop storage increases, which'}, {'start': '502.720', 'end': '508.720', 'text': 'means the composition limit goes down.'}, {'start': '505.319', 'end': '512.159', 'text': 'yes.  In other words, being disadvantaged is a disadvantage for the attacking side'}, {'start': '508.720', 'end': '515.120', 'text': ", but conversely, it can be said that for the defending side, a lowering of the enemy's"}, {'start': '512.159', 'end': '517.919', 'text': 'composition limit gives them an'}, {'start': '515.120', 'end': '521.200', 'text': 'opportunity to launch a successful counterattack.'}, {'start': '517.919', 'end': '525.080', 'text': 'From this perspective, the true nature of the Winter Army can be'}, {'start': '521.200', 'end': '528.480', 'text': 'described as a phenomenon in which the limit point is lowered in response to the current environment, which is what the'}, {'start': '525.080', 'end': '531.480', 'text': 'General is to Russia'}, {'start': '528.480', 'end': '534.480', 'text': ".  That's what happens.  Of course,"}, {'start': '531.480', 'end': '537.680', 'text': 'even if Ukraine were to expand its forces, there would'}, {'start': '534.480', 'end': '541.000', 'text': 'be limitations to what it could do, so it is not certain that Ukraine will be able to launch a major counterattack this winter,'}, {'start': '537.680', 'end': '544.320', 'text': 'but it'}, {'start': '541.000', 'end': '547.399', 'text': 'can be said that it has the necessary capabilities.  The units that made a major breakthrough in the spring baseball game in August are'}, {'start': '544.320', 'end': '550.120', 'text': 'still active, and if the'}, {'start': '547.399', 'end': '553.000', 'text': 'offensive forces deployed to Kherson are'}, {'start': '550.120', 'end': '553.880', 'text': 'reorganized, they will likely be able to maintain sufficient fighting power'}, {'start': '553.000', 'end': '556.880', 'text': '.'}, {'start': '553.880', 'end': '556.880', 'text': 'However, since the Russian side will likely use the same troops to launch attacks, it is unclear how the situation will develop in the winter.'}, {'start': '562.920', 'end': '567.640', 'text': 'Is that what will happen in the end?   One'}, {'start': '564.640', 'end': '567.640', 'text': 'interesting piece of information is that there may be a group gathering this winter.'}, {'start': '570.640', 'end': '573.640', 'text': "Wait, then doesn't that mean Ukraine is in trouble? I"}, {'start': '573.760', 'end': '579.279', 'text': "can't even describe it.  When it comes to being hit by bullets"}, {'start': '576.200', 'end': '582.519', 'text': ', as I mentioned earlier, the cold weather'}, {'start': '582.519', 'end': '588.160', 'text': 'creates the worst obstacle for an army, which is warmth.'}, {'start': '585.600', 'end': '591.040', 'text': 'Think about it for a moment: snow is'}, {'start': '591.040', 'end': '597.320', 'text': 'when moisture in the air crystallizes and falls to the ground, but it'}, {'start': '593.920', 'end': '600.560', 'text': 'occurs when moist air meets cold air'}, {'start': '597.320', 'end': '603.760', 'text': '.  Just as water forms on the surface of a cold glass, the'}, {'start': '600.560', 'end': '606.519', 'text': 'moisture in the air that has turned into liquid'}, {'start': '603.760', 'end': '609.920', 'text': 'falls due to gravity and is cooled by the cold air to'}, {'start': '606.519', 'end': '613.360', 'text': "become snow.  So, even though it's a warhead, the"}, {'start': '609.920', 'end': '615.959', 'text': 'relationship between the humid air and the cold air, I'}, {'start': '613.360', 'end': '619.120', 'text': 'pray, but this positional relationship'}, {'start': '615.959', 'end': '622.040', 'text': "doesn't change much.  In other words, the water that would have fallen as snow"}, {'start': '619.120', 'end': '623.120', 'text': 'falls without freezing.  That means heavy rain'}, {'start': '622.040', 'end': '626.120', 'text': '.'}, {'start': '623.120', 'end': '626.120', 'text': "And because of this, the ground doesn't freeze, and the nutrient-rich black soil turns into mud and attacks us.  At this point, it's impossible to start the vehicle off-road, and even on some roads the water is so slippery that it can swallow up the vehicle."}, {'start': '630.920', 'end': '634.000', 'text': '[Music]'}, {'start': '638.480', 'end': '641.480', 'text': "But wouldn't a tank be okay?"}, {'start': '641.560', 'end': '644.560', 'text': 'Surely a tank could overcome it unless it was really slippery.  However, unlike snow, slush does not pack down.   In the'}, {'start': '651.760', 'end': '654.760', 'text': 'worst case scenario, the tank could sink into the mud, forcing you to either call a tank salvage service or abandon the tank.   The'}, {'start': '661.040', 'end': '664.839', 'text': "lubrication is quite frightening.   That's"}, {'start': '663.639', 'end': '667.839', 'text': 'right.'}, {'start': '664.839', 'end': '667.839', 'text': 'By the way, are there any countermeasures to this?'}, {'start': '668.079', 'end': '671.079', 'text': 'Yes.  First of all, based on the idea that vehicles get stuck in mud because they are running on the ground, the use of helicopters was actively promoted for emergency situations.   I guess it does'}, {'start': '677.920', 'end': '680.920', 'text': "n't matter if you just fly over it in a helicopter."}, {'start': '681.760', 'end': '686.399', 'text': "That's quite a feat."}, {'start': '683.399', 'end': '686.399', 'text': "Or if you're an amphibious diver, you won't sink in the mud.  If it floats on water it should float on mud too."}, {'start': '690.320', 'end': '694.920', 'text': 'I see.  Is that why the BMP'}, {'start': '691.920', 'end': '694.920', 'text': 'series has amphibious medical functions?'}, {'start': '695.480', 'end': '698.480', 'text': 'Alas, the country of Russia and the Soviet Union was so vast that it was not realistic to lay narrow roads that would not become muddy all over the country.'}, {'start': '704.040', 'end': '709.920', 'text': "That's why they gave combat vehicles amphibious capabilities"}, {'start': '709.920', 'end': '716.200', 'text': 'so that they could run on most types of terrain.  If you were really'}, {'start': '713.320', 'end': '719.600', 'text': 'unlucky, you would just sink into the mud'}, {'start': '716.200', 'end': '722.720', 'text': ', and the crew might not trust the thin fuel tank used for amphibious purposes and'}, {'start': '719.600', 'end': '725.720', 'text': 'would'}, {'start': '722.720', 'end': '729.240', 'text': 'have to use a tank instead.  And as those with a keen sense of intuition'}, {'start': '725.720', 'end': '731.760', 'text': 'may have noticed, Ukraine is'}, {'start': '729.240', 'end': '734.760', 'text': 'hit by severe wetness in the fall and spring as well as in the winter.'}, {'start': '731.760', 'end': '734.760', 'text': 'I see.  Will the snow melt or will the frozen ground thaw?'}, {'start': '736.839', 'end': '741.000', 'text': "that's right.  That's"}, {'start': '738.000', 'end': '741.000', 'text': 'why some believe that the Russian forces, which began their advance in February, were unable to pack a strong enough punch and were defeated by the Ukrainian forces.'}, {'start': '746.199', 'end': '749.199', 'text': 'Come to think of it, farmers were using tractors to retrieve Russian tanks that had sunk in the mud.'}, {'start': '752.399', 'end': '758.120', 'text': 'This winter will certainly be decisive in the outcome of this war,'}, {'start': '755.639', 'end': '759.600', 'text': 'but it'}, {'start': '759.600', 'end': '764.560', 'text': 'remains to be seen what impact it will have on both sides in Ukraine'}, {'start': '762.079', 'end': '767.120', 'text': '.  However, since winters in Russia are harsher than those in Ukraine, it is'}, {'start': '769.199', 'end': '775.680', 'text': 'unlikely that they will make the same mistakes as Nazi Germany and Napoleon did.  However,'}, {'start': '772.639', 'end': '778.760', 'text': 'in this war the Russian army is constantly'}, {'start': '775.680', 'end': '781.760', 'text': 'making 45-degree turns that are diagonal to what we would imagine.   On'}, {'start': '778.760', 'end': '781.760', 'text': "the other hand, I wish they would stop because it makes it difficult to create explanatory videos.  I also feel like they don't want to do the decent things we imagine them to do."}, {'start': '787.959', 'end': '790.959', 'text': "Well, the only thing we can do is actively push for factors that will increase the chances of Russia's invasion of Ukraine ending quickly."}, {'start': '795.560', 'end': '798.560', 'text': "That's all for now.  Was it easy to understand? So if you liked this video, please subscribe to my channel.  Please come again and relax."}]