A Descoberta do HIV e o Papel Inesperado do HTLV #imunologia
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[{'start': '0.640', 'end': '5.120', 'text': 'In the early 1980s, a'}, {'start': '3.000', 'end': '7.960', 'text': 'mysterious disease began to spread,'}, {'start': '5.120', 'end': '10.320', 'text': 'leaving doctors and scientists perplexed.'}, {'start': '7.960', 'end': '12.599', 'text': 'Healthy young people were developing'}, {'start': '10.320', 'end': '14.799', 'text': 'rare, aggressive infections and an'}, {'start': '12.599', 'end': '16.880', 'text': 'unusual type of cancer.  This disease, which'}, {'start': '14.799', 'end': '19.279', 'text': 'would come to be known as AIDS,'}, {'start': '16.880', 'end': '21.400', 'text': 'acquired immunodeficiency syndrome,'}, {'start': '19.279', 'end': '22.840', 'text': "seemed to attack the body's defense system"}, {'start': '21.400', 'end': '25.199', 'text': 'in a'}, {'start': '22.840', 'end': '27.119', 'text': 'devastating way.  A race against time'}, {'start': '25.199', 'end': '29.759', 'text': 'has begun to identify the'}, {'start': '27.119', 'end': '32.079', 'text': 'causative agent of this new epidemic.'}, {'start': '29.759', 'end': '34.840', 'text': 'Research teams in France, led by Luke'}, {'start': '32.079', 'end': '37.399', 'text': 'Montagnier and Françoise Barrnou at the'}, {'start': '34.840', 'end': '39.440', 'text': 'Pastor Institute, and in the United States,'}, {'start': '37.399', 'end': '41.760', 'text': 'under the direction of Robert Galo at the'}, {'start': '39.440', 'end': '43.920', 'text': 'National Cancer Institute, were'}, {'start': '41.760', 'end': '47.239', 'text': 'searching for a virus that could explain the'}, {'start': '43.920', 'end': '47.239', 'text': 'destruction of the'}, {'start': '48.239', 'end': '54.559', 'text': 'immune system.  Interestingly, a few years'}, {'start': '50.879', 'end': '56.760', 'text': "earlier, in 1980, Robert Galo's team"}, {'start': '54.559', 'end': '60.120', 'text': 'had discovered the first'}, {'start': '56.760', 'end': '63.239', 'text': 'human retrovirus, HTLV1.'}, {'start': '60.120', 'end': '65.479', 'text': 'Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1. HTLV'}, {'start': '63.239', 'end': '67.200', 'text': 'infects T lymphocytes, a'}, {'start': '65.479', 'end': '69.640', 'text': 'crucial type of immune system cell'}, {'start': '67.200', 'end': '71.720', 'text': ', and has been linked to a'}, {'start': '69.640', 'end': '74.560', 'text': 'rare type of cancer called'}, {'start': '71.720', 'end': '76.400', 'text': 'adult T-cell leukemia, ATL.  This'}, {'start': '74.560', 'end': '78.320', 'text': 'discovery was fundamental, as it'}, {'start': '76.400', 'end': '80.920', 'text': 'established that retroviruses could'}, {'start': '78.320', 'end': '83.320', 'text': 'infect and cause disease in humans.  The'}, {'start': '80.920', 'end': '86.159', 'text': 'knowledge gained from the study of'}, {'start': '83.320', 'end': '88.159', 'text': 'HTLV1 provided crucial clues for the'}, {'start': '86.159', 'end': '90.320', 'text': 'search for the Aides agent.'}, {'start': '88.159', 'end': '93.320', 'text': 'Scientists already knew that a retrovirus'}, {'start': '90.320', 'end': '96.240', 'text': 'could attack T lymphocytes. In'}, {'start': '93.320', 'end': '98.439', 'text': '1983, a French team isolated a new'}, {'start': '96.240', 'end': '100.759', 'text': 'retrovirus from a patient with AIDS,'}, {'start': '98.439', 'end': '103.680', 'text': 'initially called LAAV,'}, {'start': '100.759', 'end': '105.640', 'text': 'lymphotropic virus associated with lymphadenopathy.'}, {'start': '103.680', 'end': '108.040', 'text': "Shortly afterwards, Robert Galo's American team"}, {'start': '105.640', 'end': '111.479', 'text': 'also isolated a'}, {'start': '108.040', 'end': '113.560', 'text': 'similar retrovirus called HTLV3.'}, {'start': '111.479', 'end': '115.719', 'text': 'Further analysis confirmed that it was'}, {'start': '113.560', 'end': '117.520', 'text': 'the same virus that would eventually be'}, {'start': '115.719', 'end': '121.799', 'text': 'named HIV,'}, {'start': '117.520', 'end': '123.680', 'text': 'human immunodeficiency virus.  Although HTLV1'}, {'start': '121.799', 'end': '126.079', 'text': 'is not the cause of Aides, its'}, {'start': '123.680', 'end': '128.119', 'text': 'discovery was an essential milestone.  He'}, {'start': '126.079', 'end': '130.200', 'text': 'proved that human retroviruses could'}, {'start': '128.119', 'end': '132.840', 'text': 'be pathogenic and that lymphocytes'}, {'start': '130.200', 'end': '134.720', 'text': 'would be a viable target for these viruses.'}, {'start': '132.840', 'end': '136.840', 'text': 'This prior knowledge'}, {'start': '134.720', 'end': '139.680', 'text': 'significantly accelerated the identification of'}, {'start': '136.840', 'end': '142.080', 'text': 'HIV as the causative agent of AIDS.'}, {'start': '139.680', 'end': '144.599', 'text': 'HTLV therefore played an'}, {'start': '142.080', 'end': '146.440', 'text': 'indirect but crucial role in paving the way'}, {'start': '144.599', 'end': '148.319', 'text': 'for understanding and eventually'}, {'start': '146.440', 'end': '150.480', 'text': 'developing treatments for the'}, {'start': '148.319', 'end': '152.599', 'text': 'devastating AIDS epidemic.  The'}, {'start': '150.480', 'end': '155.120', 'text': 'discovery of HIV was a triumph of'}, {'start': '152.599', 'end': '157.239', 'text': 'science and international collaboration.'}, {'start': '155.120', 'end': '160.280', 'text': 'The knowledge gained from studying'}, {'start': '157.239', 'end': '162.680', 'text': 'a human retrovirus, HTLB1, was a'}, {'start': '160.280', 'end': '164.519', 'text': 'fundamental piece in this puzzle.'}, {'start': '162.680', 'end': '166.959', 'text': 'This story reminds us of the importance'}, {'start': '164.519', 'end': '169.239', 'text': 'of basic research and how discoveries'}, {'start': '166.959', 'end': '171.040', 'text': 'in one area can unexpectedly'}, {'start': '169.239', 'end': '176.120', 'text': 'pave the way for advances in'}, {'start': '171.040', 'end': '176.120', 'text': 'another, saving millions of lives.  M.'}]