Data Science Mentor Session
Data Science with Pablo
[{'start': '13.599', 'end': '20.720', 'text': 'Hello everyone. Um, welcome to the fifth'}, {'start': '17.760', 'end': '22.240', 'text': 'session of um, data visualization'}, {'start': '20.720', 'end': '24.960', 'text': 'brought to you by the data science'}, {'start': '22.240', 'end': '27.960', 'text': 'mentors cohort, accelerated learning'}, {'start': '24.960', 'end': '30.800', 'text': "cohort. My name is Pablo and I'm the"}, {'start': '27.960', 'end': '33.920', 'text': 'founder, convenor and host of the data'}, {'start': '30.800', 'end': '35.520', 'text': 'science mentors cohort. Now the data'}, {'start': '33.920', 'end': '38.079', 'text': 'science mentor cohort is supposed to'}, {'start': '35.520', 'end': '41.680', 'text': 'help uh data science learners take one'}, {'start': '38.079', 'end': '44.480', 'text': 'step after the other learning intuitions'}, {'start': '41.680', 'end': '49.200', 'text': 'through the learning curve.'}, {'start': '44.480', 'end': '52.280', 'text': 'What we do is we we we we talk about'}, {'start': '49.200', 'end': '54.360', 'text': 'situations, real technical'}, {'start': '52.280', 'end': '57.520', 'text': 'um'}, {'start': '54.360', 'end': '60.559', 'text': 'learning angles to different data'}, {'start': '57.520', 'end': '62.160', 'text': "science topics. Um and we've we've"}, {'start': '60.559', 'end': '64.559', 'text': 'basically broken them down from'}, {'start': '62.160', 'end': '67.360', 'text': 'introduction to Python, introduction to'}, {'start': '64.559', 'end': '69.600', 'text': 'numeric numerical Python, introduction'}, {'start': '67.360', 'end': '71.920', 'text': "to pandas, and now we're looking at um"}, {'start': '69.600', 'end': '74.240', 'text': "data visualization. And of course we're"}, {'start': '71.920', 'end': '76.240', 'text': 'doing data visualization with um math'}, {'start': '74.240', 'end': '78.720', 'text': "plot lip. But there's a whole lot to"}, {'start': '76.240', 'end': '80.240', 'text': 'learn from that. And this is the fifth'}, {'start': '78.720', 'end': '82.960', 'text': "session. So if you're watching the"}, {'start': '80.240', 'end': '86.159', 'text': 'recorded session um it means you have'}, {'start': '82.960', 'end': '88.080', 'text': 'missed out on like four sessions. So and'}, {'start': '86.159', 'end': '92.320', 'text': "if you're signed up for the data science"}, {'start': '88.080', 'end': '94.159', 'text': 'mentor um cohort um then you should have'}, {'start': '92.320', 'end': '96.159', 'text': 'access to those resources. So please'}, {'start': '94.159', 'end': '98.000', 'text': 'check it out um and you have access to'}, {'start': '96.159', 'end': '102.960', 'text': "it. Now if you're watching a recorded"}, {'start': '98.000', 'end': '105.280', 'text': 'session um then you can drop message or'}, {'start': '102.960', 'end': '107.840', 'text': 'you can drop um if you have questions'}, {'start': '105.280', 'end': '109.680', 'text': 'please drop it in the in our telegrams'}, {'start': '107.840', 'end': '112.640', 'text': 'chats or you can also drop it in the'}, {'start': '109.680', 'end': '116.640', 'text': 'comment section and then we can we can'}, {'start': '112.640', 'end': '118.399', 'text': 'take it from there. Now today and yeah'}, {'start': '116.640', 'end': '122.880', 'text': "again today we're we're we're talking"}, {'start': '118.399', 'end': '126.479', 'text': 'about um uncertainties and charts. Now'}, {'start': '122.880', 'end': '129.039', 'text': 'we have uh we have looked at a few'}, {'start': '126.479', 'end': '133.400', 'text': "things. We we've looked at simple line"}, {'start': '129.039', 'end': '135.560', 'text': 'charts. Uh we have looked at simple'}, {'start': '133.400', 'end': '140.480', 'text': 'um'}, {'start': '135.560', 'end': '143.360', 'text': 'um scatter plots. We have also um talked'}, {'start': '140.480', 'end': '147.760', 'text': 'about um objectoriented'}, {'start': '143.360', 'end': '149.400', 'text': 'um charts and the math lab style plots'}, {'start': '147.760', 'end': '152.560', 'text': 'that um you'}, {'start': '149.400', 'end': '155.440', 'text': 'would that you would um meet when you'}, {'start': '152.560', 'end': '158.560', 'text': "that that's available with math plot"}, {'start': '155.440', 'end': '162.040', 'text': "lab. But it's important to talk about um"}, {'start': '158.560', 'end': '167.360', 'text': 'a few things that are really um are so'}, {'start': '162.040', 'end': '168.680', 'text': 'important in um in building visuals. And'}, {'start': '167.360', 'end': '171.840', 'text': "it's"}, {'start': '168.680', 'end': '173.920', 'text': 'uncertainties right now. Uncertainties'}, {'start': '171.840', 'end': '177.599', 'text': 'are real because for for a lot of'}, {'start': '173.920', 'end': '177.599', 'text': "reasons data isn't"}, {'start': '177.959', 'end': '184.239', 'text': "perfect. Yes, data isn't perfect. So,"}, {'start': '181.519', 'end': '186.239', 'text': "and that's um saying uh data is"}, {'start': '184.239', 'end': '189.200', 'text': 'imperfect, but there are lots of things'}, {'start': '186.239', 'end': '194.440', 'text': 'we want to do with data. We we measure'}, {'start': '189.200', 'end': '194.440', 'text': 'data. We measure we measure data.'}, {'start': '194.640', 'end': '199.319', 'text': 'we um estimate data'}, {'start': '204.080', 'end': '211.000', 'text': 'um and then and then we we predict we'}, {'start': '207.040', 'end': '214.080', 'text': 'also predict using'}, {'start': '211.000', 'end': '214.959', 'text': "data. Now there's always and and just as"}, {'start': '214.080', 'end': '217.040', 'text': "mentioned there's always some"}, {'start': '214.959', 'end': '219.360', 'text': 'uncertainty. So it is important for us'}, {'start': '217.040', 'end': '223.120', 'text': 'to capture these uncertainties when we'}, {'start': '219.360', 'end': '225.920', 'text': "build charts right and that's where um"}, {'start': '223.120', 'end': '227.519', 'text': "we will be looking at uh three we'll be"}, {'start': '225.920', 'end': '231.200', 'text': 'looking at certain um interesting'}, {'start': '227.519', 'end': '231.200', 'text': 'aspects which is error'}, {'start': '231.640', 'end': '236.239', 'text': "bars we'll be looking at um"}, {'start': '237.480', 'end': '242.400', 'text': 'continuous continuous um error shading'}, {'start': '250.799', 'end': '255.599', 'text': 'And in some cases we can also maybe in'}, {'start': '253.920', 'end': '258.160', 'text': 'future or right now be looking at'}, {'start': '255.599', 'end': '258.160', 'text': 'confidence'}, {'start': '261.560', 'end': '268.400', 'text': 'intervals, right?'}, {'start': '264.520', 'end': '269.759', 'text': 'And so all these are are saying look'}, {'start': '268.400', 'end': '271.759', 'text': "here's what we're thinking and how"}, {'start': '269.759', 'end': '276.240', 'text': "confident are we about it. It's it's"}, {'start': '271.759', 'end': '280.479', 'text': 'typically that. Now if um if a perfect a'}, {'start': '276.240', 'end': '283.440', 'text': 'perfect example is um a situation where'}, {'start': '280.479', 'end': '285.240', 'text': "we we're we're talking about um a"}, {'start': '283.440', 'end': '288.360', 'text': "situation where we're talking"}, {'start': '285.240', 'end': '291.520', 'text': 'about say an average is'}, {'start': '288.360', 'end': '294.880', 'text': '75 or if we if we are to create certain'}, {'start': '291.520', 'end': '296.880', 'text': "error um you know error bars or we're"}, {'start': '294.880', 'end': '299.360', 'text': 'looking at how confident we are in this'}, {'start': '296.880', 'end': '301.360', 'text': 'we could say it could be as low as 72 or'}, {'start': '299.360', 'end': '303.919', 'text': 'it could be as high as 78 something of'}, {'start': '301.360', 'end': '307.680', 'text': "that nature. So we're going to look at"}, {'start': '303.919', 'end': '310.639', 'text': 'the intuitions for for all these and'}, {'start': '307.680', 'end': '314.000', 'text': 'then go on to you know create plots'}, {'start': '310.639', 'end': '317.919', 'text': 'around it so that we are wellware aware'}, {'start': '314.000', 'end': '320.720', 'text': 'of these features while we use them. Now'}, {'start': '317.919', 'end': '323.120', 'text': 'the the first uh the first one we are'}, {'start': '320.720', 'end': '326.440', 'text': "going to look at we're going to look at"}, {'start': '323.120', 'end': '326.440', 'text': 'error bars.'}, {'start': '332.120', 'end': '338.400', 'text': 'Now, error bars are like quiz cards,'}, {'start': '334.800', 'end': '340.919', 'text': 'right? They they they stretch above like'}, {'start': '338.400', 'end': '345.160', 'text': 'um a data point to show how'}, {'start': '340.919', 'end': '348.160', 'text': 'uncertain or variable um the data'}, {'start': '345.160', 'end': '352.720', 'text': "is. Right? So, let's let's pick out a"}, {'start': '348.160', 'end': '355.759', 'text': 'few things that that makes it um what I'}, {'start': '352.720', 'end': '357.240', 'text': 'call it really um point of interest,'}, {'start': '355.759', 'end': '360.479', 'text': 'right?'}, {'start': '357.240', 'end': '365.840', 'text': 'um they show how uncertain or variable'}, {'start': '360.479', 'end': '365.840', 'text': 'data is, right? Um error'}, {'start': '366.919', 'end': '373.440', 'text': 'bars show how'}, {'start': '371.080', 'end': '374.479', 'text': 'uncertain and variable. And when we are'}, {'start': '373.440', 'end': '378.199', 'text': "talking about variable, we're talking"}, {'start': '374.479', 'end': '383.199', 'text': 'about variability, right? How'}, {'start': '378.199', 'end': '386.080', 'text': 'variable data is.'}, {'start': '383.199', 'end': '388.800', 'text': "So, um, uh, we're just going to go ahead"}, {'start': '386.080', 'end': '393.039', 'text': 'and, um, and do a little bit of visuals'}, {'start': '388.800', 'end': '397.080', 'text': "on this, right? And so, what I'm going"}, {'start': '393.039', 'end': '401.280', 'text': "to do is I'm going to use"}, {'start': '397.080', 'end': '404.960', 'text': "um I'm going to use um, map plot li and"}, {'start': '401.280', 'end': '407.600', 'text': "I'm going to also use um, nonpython."}, {'start': '404.960', 'end': '409.600', 'text': "we're going to do uh generate data then"}, {'start': '407.600', 'end': '412.880', 'text': "we'll plot error bars and at that same"}, {'start': '409.600', 'end': '416.080', 'text': 'time then we start to um you know we'}, {'start': '412.880', 'end': '417.840', 'text': 'start to see okay what what this means'}, {'start': '416.080', 'end': '420.400', 'text': "um so let's let's start off with this"}, {'start': '417.840', 'end': '422.000', 'text': 'first things first of course I because'}, {'start': '420.400', 'end': '424.400', 'text': "you're watching this session we may not"}, {'start': '422.000', 'end': '426.759', 'text': "have done it initially but I'm going to"}, {'start': '424.400', 'end': '430.479', 'text': 'import'}, {'start': '426.759', 'end': '434.319', 'text': "the the packages we're going to be using"}, {'start': '430.479', 'end': '436.479', 'text': "so I'm going to have um import mattplot"}, {'start': '434.319', 'end': '436.479', 'text': 'lib'}, {'start': '441.960', 'end': '449.400', 'text': 'pipot as'}, {'start': '444.919', 'end': '453.199', 'text': "plt. That's one. Uh we're going to also"}, {'start': '449.400', 'end': '454.680', 'text': 'um import'}, {'start': '453.199', 'end': '457.360', 'text': 'um'}, {'start': '454.680', 'end': '459.919', 'text': 'plt style.'}, {'start': '457.360', 'end': '466.000', 'text': 'Now, do you know um No, before I even do'}, {'start': '459.919', 'end': '466.000', 'text': 'that, I say import plort numpy as'}, {'start': '467.319', 'end': '473.759', 'text': "np. Yeah. And then we're going to be"}, {'start': '470.479', 'end': '476.400', 'text': 'using these two things really important.'}, {'start': '473.759', 'end': '479.360', 'text': 'Now, um I I saw something recently and I'}, {'start': '476.400', 'end': '481.919', 'text': 'I am so happy to to share. So,'}, {'start': '479.360', 'end': '483.759', 'text': 'apparently I can say PLT. So, because'}, {'start': '481.919', 'end': '485.520', 'text': "there's there's a set style that you can"}, {'start': '483.759', 'end': '488.440', 'text': 'use every time you do your visuals,'}, {'start': '485.520', 'end': '491.120', 'text': "right? So I think it's"}, {'start': '488.440', 'end': '494.800', 'text': 'pl.style. Yeah. So I have shared this in'}, {'start': '491.120', 'end': '498.840', 'text': "other um I've shared this in in the"}, {'start': '494.800', 'end': '501.680', 'text': "other sessions we've had. So um which is"}, {'start': '498.840', 'end': '503.599', 'text': 'plt.style.use cues that shows you the'}, {'start': '501.680', 'end': '505.520', 'text': 'different styles the background like'}, {'start': '503.599', 'end': '508.000', 'text': "they're like sheet styles right the"}, {'start': '505.520', 'end': '509.919', 'text': 'visual styles for plots right and if you'}, {'start': '508.000', 'end': '512.880', 'text': "click on this there there's a bunch of"}, {'start': '509.919', 'end': '514.959', 'text': 'styles that exist here right and of'}, {'start': '512.880', 'end': '516.640', 'text': 'course they they are more customizing'}, {'start': '514.959', 'end': '519.440', 'text': 'there are styles that you can click on'}, {'start': '516.640', 'end': '522.640', 'text': 'and you can see loads of styles you can'}, {'start': '519.440', 'end': '524.080', 'text': "work with apparently um and I and I'm"}, {'start': '522.640', 'end': '527.160', 'text': "saying this like I think there's"}, {'start': '524.080', 'end': '529.519', 'text': 'something called um'}, {'start': '527.160', 'end': '532.600', 'text': 'pltstyle available'}, {'start': '529.519', 'end': '537.680', 'text': 'Let me see.'}, {'start': '532.600', 'end': '537.680', 'text': 'No. Yes. Go ahead,'}, {'start': '541.320', 'end': '545.880', 'text': 'please. Go ahead, please.'}, {'start': '548.000', 'end': '551.760', 'text': "All right, then. Um, when you're ready,"}, {'start': '549.839', 'end': '555.399', 'text': 'Grace, please feel free to act. Okay.'}, {'start': '551.760', 'end': '560.720', 'text': 'Yes. Um, I see. Can you scroll up a'}, {'start': '555.399', 'end': '563.760', 'text': 'bit? Yes. Stop. this comment you you'}, {'start': '560.720', 'end': '566.320', 'text': 'have here error bar shows how uncertain'}, {'start': '563.760', 'end': '567.800', 'text': 'and variable data is is that and'}, {'start': '566.320', 'end': '571.200', 'text': 'supposed to be there'}, {'start': '567.800', 'end': '574.600', 'text': "because it I don't know error bar shows"}, {'start': '571.200', 'end': '579.040', 'text': 'how uncertain variable data is'}, {'start': '574.600', 'end': '582.240', 'text': 'or error uncertain and variable this'}, {'start': '579.040', 'end': '585.360', 'text': 'variable here is variability'}, {'start': '582.240', 'end': '587.760', 'text': 'okay so these are two different subs yes'}, {'start': '585.360', 'end': '591.279', 'text': 'yeah because uncertain and variability'}, {'start': '587.760', 'end': '592.880', 'text': "is um it's typically like I mean"}, {'start': '591.279', 'end': '595.760', 'text': 'accounting for the different thought'}, {'start': '592.880', 'end': '598.560', 'text': 'processes that people have so to speak.'}, {'start': '595.760', 'end': '600.160', 'text': "So I figured it's it's it's it might"}, {'start': '598.560', 'end': '603.440', 'text': 'mean the same it might mean two'}, {'start': '600.160', 'end': '604.959', 'text': 'different things. Okay. Uncertainty and'}, {'start': '603.440', 'end': '609.360', 'text': 'difference.'}, {'start': '604.959', 'end': '610.839', 'text': 'Okay. Thank you. Thank you. Now um so'}, {'start': '609.360', 'end': '613.120', 'text': 'you can see with'}, {'start': '610.839', 'end': '616.160', 'text': 'plt.style.available we can see all the'}, {'start': '613.120', 'end': '618.480', 'text': 'different um styles that are here. So'}, {'start': '616.160', 'end': '621.519', 'text': "yeah. So, we're going to use one of"}, {'start': '618.480', 'end': '626.200', 'text': 'them. So, I can basically uh come down'}, {'start': '621.519', 'end': '632.320', 'text': 'here and say plt dot'}, {'start': '626.200', 'end': '634.480', 'text': 'style dot use and then um here I will'}, {'start': '632.320', 'end': '637.240', 'text': 'now check out one of this. It could be'}, {'start': '634.480', 'end': '639.839', 'text': 'anyone. I can I mean there are so'}, {'start': '637.240', 'end': '643.200', 'text': 'many ju just this one just shows a bunch'}, {'start': '639.839', 'end': '646.079', 'text': "of this we can work with. Uh let's let's"}, {'start': '643.200', 'end': '648.959', 'text': 'just use this one.'}, {'start': '646.079', 'end': '650.640', 'text': "uh just you just use this and so that's"}, {'start': '648.959', 'end': '652.680', 'text': "what we're going to use to do some"}, {'start': '650.640', 'end': '656.000', 'text': 'visuals'}, {'start': '652.680', 'end': '658.000', 'text': 'here. So I have that but just so you'}, {'start': '656.000', 'end': '660.240', 'text': "know this is here. So I'll just close"}, {'start': '658.000', 'end': '662.000', 'text': 'this here and then we can continue. I'}, {'start': '660.240', 'end': '664.160', 'text': "just figured I'll share that. It felt"}, {'start': '662.000', 'end': '666.480', 'text': "good to realize it was there. It's weird"}, {'start': '664.160', 'end': '668.720', 'text': 'what the the learning curve what what'}, {'start': '666.480', 'end': '671.920', 'text': "you haven't even picked up. Right. So"}, {'start': '668.720', 'end': '676.640', 'text': "the first thing um I I want to do is I'm"}, {'start': '671.920', 'end': '681.360', 'text': "going to create X. Right. um with X I'm"}, {'start': '676.640', 'end': '684.079', 'text': "going to say we're going to use um uh"}, {'start': '681.360', 'end': '686.519', 'text': 'numbers in like linear linear'}, {'start': '684.079', 'end': '688.600', 'text': 'distribution of numbers'}, {'start': '686.519', 'end': '692.160', 'text': 'nple mean'}, {'start': '688.600', 'end': '696.279', 'text': 'space and with NPL space that from zero'}, {'start': '692.160', 'end': '700.560', 'text': 'to 10 and'}, {'start': '696.279', 'end': '702.680', 'text': "50 and then I'm going to now um sort of"}, {'start': '700.560', 'end': '707.440', 'text': 'like create'}, {'start': '702.680', 'end': '709.600', 'text': "um I'm going to create like uh some like"}, {'start': '707.440', 'end': '712.160', 'text': "an error and and we're going to look at"}, {'start': '709.600', 'end': '715.480', 'text': "it and see how that works. So maybe I'll"}, {'start': '712.160', 'end': '715.480', 'text': 'call this'}, {'start': '715.640', 'end': '724.399', 'text': 'um let me let me just call this'}, {'start': '720.839', 'end': '728.320', 'text': "error y just just that and then I'll"}, {'start': '724.399', 'end': '732.839', 'text': 'call it 0.8 8, right? Remember when I'}, {'start': '728.320', 'end': '735.200', 'text': 'mentioned something uh like 75 or 72 or'}, {'start': '732.839', 'end': '736.800', 'text': "78? All right, let's just just bear that"}, {'start': '735.200', 'end': '738.800', 'text': "in mind once we're we're working with"}, {'start': '736.800', 'end': '739.480', 'text': "this. Now, the next thing that we're"}, {'start': '738.800', 'end': '742.959', 'text': 'going'}, {'start': '739.480', 'end': '742.959', 'text': 'to please go'}, {'start': '746.920', 'end': '754.720', 'text': 'ahead sorry um the thing is can you hear'}, {'start': '750.639', 'end': '757.519', 'text': "me? I can. Okay. I'm looking at if it is"}, {'start': '754.720', 'end': '760.399', 'text': 'possible to have a cell where we have a'}, {'start': '757.519', 'end': '763.079', 'text': 'comment showing that uh place you got'}, {'start': '760.399', 'end': '766.320', 'text': 'the style sheet reference for'}, {'start': '763.079', 'end': '768.880', 'text': "math. I get much clarity that way if I'm"}, {'start': '766.320', 'end': '772.639', 'text': 'going through the notebook so that I can'}, {'start': '768.880', 'end': '775.440', 'text': 'easily refer back to that site to see'}, {'start': '772.639', 'end': '777.600', 'text': 'all of the various styles we have for'}, {'start': '775.440', 'end': '780.680', 'text': 'plots.'}, {'start': '777.600', 'end': '783.279', 'text': 'Okay. Um, I know you have other comment'}, {'start': '780.680', 'end': '784.639', 'text': 'sections. Yeah.'}, {'start': '783.279', 'end': '786.800', 'text': 'Yeah. But would you be watching the'}, {'start': '784.639', 'end': '789.680', 'text': 'videos?'}, {'start': '786.800', 'end': '791.200', 'text': 'Uh, no. The notebook. I might be'}, {'start': '789.680', 'end': '792.560', 'text': 'watching the videos. I already started'}, {'start': '791.200', 'end': '794.519', 'text': "from the beginning. So, I've not gotten"}, {'start': '792.560', 'end': '797.920', 'text': 'to this point.'}, {'start': '794.519', 'end': '800.000', 'text': "Okay. Okay. That's fine. But at the same"}, {'start': '797.920', 'end': '802.720', 'text': "time, um, if you're watching the videos,"}, {'start': '800.000', 'end': '804.959', 'text': 'then two of them go hand in hand. Right.'}, {'start': '802.720', 'end': '807.480', 'text': 'All right. Yeah. which because and but'}, {'start': '804.959', 'end': '810.880', 'text': "if you're using the notebook"}, {'start': '807.480', 'end': '812.720', 'text': "um individually, you typically wouldn't"}, {'start': '810.880', 'end': '814.560', 'text': 'get a sense of what this is about,'}, {'start': '812.720', 'end': '816.880', 'text': "right? Uh because you're just going to"}, {'start': '814.560', 'end': '818.480', 'text': 'be like, "Oh, what does this mean?" But'}, {'start': '816.880', 'end': '822.760', 'text': "um again, it's also a feedback that"}, {'start': '818.480', 'end': '825.600', 'text': 'says, "Okay, let\'s have um a lot of'}, {'start': '822.760', 'end': '827.320', 'text': 'um comments in the the notebook." So'}, {'start': '825.600', 'end': '829.839', 'text': "that's that's"}, {'start': '827.320', 'end': '831.560', 'text': 'noted, right?'}, {'start': '829.839', 'end': '834.120', 'text': 'So'}, {'start': '831.560', 'end': '837.760', 'text': 'um thank you for the feedback by the'}, {'start': '834.120', 'end': '839.839', 'text': 'way. So the next the next thing we can'}, {'start': '837.760', 'end': '844.880', 'text': 'do is we can have uh we can create the'}, {'start': '839.839', 'end': '849.360', 'text': 'yaxis here and we can say MP do sign and'}, {'start': '844.880', 'end': '852.639', 'text': 'again uh just just so we know right um'}, {'start': '849.360', 'end': '854.399', 'text': "MP dot we're just using this so that we"}, {'start': '852.639', 'end': '856.959', 'text': "can understand visuals and all there's"}, {'start': '854.399', 'end': '860.519', 'text': 'nothing specific serious about using all'}, {'start': '856.959', 'end': '863.480', 'text': 'this um different mathematical um'}, {'start': '860.519', 'end': '867.839', 'text': 'notations right so I put x'}, {'start': '863.480', 'end': '869.959', 'text': "here then I put a plus here and I'll say"}, {'start': '867.839', 'end': '873.639', 'text': 'my error'}, {'start': '869.959', 'end': '879.279', 'text': 'y um'}, {'start': '873.639', 'end': '879.279', 'text': 'times np dot'}, {'start': '882.360', 'end': '889.440', 'text': 'random dot rand n and then here I make'}, {'start': '887.440', 'end': '893.040', 'text': 'it 50.'}, {'start': '889.440', 'end': '895.279', 'text': 'Then I now say so we now have uh this'}, {'start': '893.040', 'end': '898.240', 'text': 'guy over here and then we now have we'}, {'start': '895.279', 'end': '901.040', 'text': 'have the x-axis we have the y- axis and'}, {'start': '898.240', 'end': '903.839', 'text': "then we'll go on to just use um the math"}, {'start': '901.040', 'end': '907.600', 'text': "lab style you know we just we're just"}, {'start': '903.839', 'end': '909.000', 'text': 'going to use plt just plot simple so we'}, {'start': '907.600', 'end': '912.440', 'text': 'say'}, {'start': '909.000', 'end': '915.600', 'text': 'plt dot error'}, {'start': '912.440', 'end': '917.600', 'text': "bar right so again if you see this we're"}, {'start': '915.600', 'end': '921.199', 'text': 'plotting error bars and if you look over'}, {'start': '917.600', 'end': '923.680', 'text': 'here it say plot Y versus X as lines or'}, {'start': '921.199', 'end': '925.360', 'text': 'markers with attached error bars. So the'}, {'start': '923.680', 'end': '928.240', 'text': 'idea is for us to just understand how'}, {'start': '925.360', 'end': '931.399', 'text': 'these error bars look and to get a a'}, {'start': '928.240', 'end': '936.240', 'text': 'context into what it'}, {'start': '931.399', 'end': '940.240', 'text': 'is. Now we we have X and we have Y. And'}, {'start': '936.240', 'end': '944.240', 'text': "then for this you you see that there's Y"}, {'start': '940.240', 'end': '946.440', 'text': 'er and then if we go over to this Y E R'}, {'start': '944.240', 'end': '950.880', 'text': "let's go over here."}, {'start': '946.440', 'end': '953.279', 'text': 'Now it is a the error bar size and the'}, {'start': '950.880', 'end': '954.880', 'text': 'error bar size will be either a scalar'}, {'start': '953.279', 'end': '957.759', 'text': 'which are values for all the data'}, {'start': '954.880', 'end': '959.600', 'text': 'points. They could be a shape you get'}, {'start': '957.759', 'end': '962.959', 'text': 'and you can see the different things.'}, {'start': '959.600', 'end': '967.560', 'text': 'Yeah. Right. So here we already have'}, {'start': '962.959', 'end': '972.720', 'text': 'created our error bar over here and um'}, {'start': '967.560', 'end': '977.279', 'text': 'so we we type Y not error bar basically'}, {'start': '972.720', 'end': '982.560', 'text': 'but our error value and so here we have'}, {'start': '977.279', 'end': '986.320', 'text': 'error Y and then we now use um FMT which'}, {'start': '982.560', 'end': '990.560', 'text': 'is a um a code for like controlling'}, {'start': '986.320', 'end': '994.399', 'text': 'lines and plots. So we say again'}, {'start': '990.560', 'end': '996.720', 'text': "You can see it's over here right um FMT"}, {'start': '994.399', 'end': '1000.000', 'text': "is over here. Now the reason why there's"}, {'start': '996.720', 'end': '1001.759', 'text': 'a focus on all this thing is the why I'}, {'start': '1000.000', 'end': '1004.000', 'text': 'make focus is because documentation is'}, {'start': '1001.759', 'end': '1006.720', 'text': 'always such an interesting thing right'}, {'start': '1004.000', 'end': '1008.639', 'text': 'and when we get used to it we can you'}, {'start': '1006.720', 'end': '1010.800', 'text': 'know start using it at a point where we'}, {'start': '1008.639', 'end': '1012.720', 'text': 'are new to some kind of code we can'}, {'start': '1010.800', 'end': '1015.680', 'text': 'basically use the documentation to'}, {'start': '1012.720', 'end': '1019.279', 'text': 'understand different parameters in it.'}, {'start': '1015.680', 'end': '1021.440', 'text': 'Now this uh for is a format for data'}, {'start': '1019.279', 'end': '1023.839', 'text': 'points and data lines. All right. So'}, {'start': '1021.440', 'end': '1025.240', 'text': 'here we can see how that works. So here'}, {'start': '1023.839', 'end': '1028.480', 'text': 'I say'}, {'start': '1025.240', 'end': '1028.480', 'text': 'FMT and'}, {'start': '1029.240', 'end': '1036.600', 'text': "then there there's this format"}, {'start': '1032.600', 'end': '1036.600', 'text': 'here. Now'}, {'start': '1039.480', 'end': '1049.280', 'text': "um next I I'll do is to say plt do.show"}, {'start': '1045.640', 'end': '1054.320', 'text': 'show. Now if if we if we put this what'}, {'start': '1049.280', 'end': '1056.960', 'text': 'we have uh over here is you can see that'}, {'start': '1054.320', 'end': '1061.520', 'text': 'in the in the in the yaxis over in the'}, {'start': '1056.960', 'end': '1065.520', 'text': 'x- axis we we are visualizing this guys.'}, {'start': '1061.520', 'end': '1068.960', 'text': 'Now if let me just use x over here and'}, {'start': '1065.520', 'end': '1071.360', 'text': 'maybe say the first four of what we have'}, {'start': '1068.960', 'end': '1074.080', 'text': 'in x here. So you can see the values'}, {'start': '1071.360', 'end': '1079.919', 'text': "we're trying to visualize for over with"}, {'start': '1074.080', 'end': '1082.720', 'text': 'X over here. Then we can see for Y which'}, {'start': '1079.919', 'end': '1088.000', 'text': 'is some random numbers but with a little'}, {'start': '1082.720', 'end': '1088.000', 'text': 'bit of error added to it. Right? So'}, {'start': '1088.440', 'end': '1096.559', 'text': 'um and so now you you see all this. Now'}, {'start': '1092.799', 'end': '1100.080', 'text': 'with this little bit of um error to it,'}, {'start': '1096.559', 'end': '1103.760', 'text': 'we have now added a few some few things'}, {'start': '1100.080', 'end': '1108.080', 'text': 'here that now break down um our error'}, {'start': '1103.760', 'end': '1111.760', 'text': 'bars, right? So by looking at it, right,'}, {'start': '1108.080', 'end': '1113.919', 'text': 'you can we we now have some form of'}, {'start': '1111.760', 'end': '1117.440', 'text': 'aesthetic to it, right? That makes us'}, {'start': '1113.919', 'end': '1121.360', 'text': 'say okay um in our bars in the different'}, {'start': '1117.440', 'end': '1127.280', 'text': 'bars that come from here you can see'}, {'start': '1121.360', 'end': '1131.360', 'text': 'from zero here to minus3 right'}, {'start': '1127.280', 'end': '1135.120', 'text': 'um and all you you can see that we now'}, {'start': '1131.360', 'end': '1138.160', 'text': 'have some give or take that is 08 right'}, {'start': '1135.120', 'end': '1142.320', 'text': 'so which which is just could be the fact'}, {'start': '1138.160', 'end': '1144.640', 'text': "that we're we have data and it's we are"}, {'start': '1142.320', 'end': '1146.480', 'text': 'typically saying look if we have these'}, {'start': '1144.640', 'end': '1148.760', 'text': "two features that we're visualizing we"}, {'start': '1146.480', 'end': '1151.600', 'text': 'have some errors that say give or take'}, {'start': '1148.760', 'end': '1154.160', 'text': 'this because most times we are dealing'}, {'start': '1151.600', 'end': '1156.160', 'text': 'with data that we that has so much'}, {'start': '1154.160', 'end': '1159.160', 'text': "uncertainty and isn't perfect and it is"}, {'start': '1156.160', 'end': '1162.000', 'text': 'ideal for us to to'}, {'start': '1159.160', 'end': '1164.720', 'text': 'ensure that we are making up for all'}, {'start': '1162.000', 'end': '1167.280', 'text': 'those um uncertainties in terms of our'}, {'start': '1164.720', 'end': '1169.600', 'text': 'estimations in terms of our predictions.'}, {'start': '1167.280', 'end': '1171.200', 'text': "So that's why today's session is is"}, {'start': '1169.600', 'end': '1174.000', 'text': 'dedicated to that because in the future'}, {'start': '1171.200', 'end': '1177.559', 'text': 'we would almost always use that just to'}, {'start': '1174.000', 'end': '1179.640', 'text': 'be sure that yeah you know that that'}, {'start': '1177.559', 'end': '1182.160', 'text': 'works right.'}, {'start': '1179.640', 'end': '1184.400', 'text': 'Um again there there are different ways'}, {'start': '1182.160', 'end': '1187.520', 'text': 'we we we can use different formats for'}, {'start': '1184.400', 'end': '1192.520', 'text': 'it. Um another one we are going to use'}, {'start': '1187.520', 'end': '1196.600', 'text': 'here is we can use a a different'}, {'start': '1192.520', 'end': '1199.559', 'text': 'um visual here.'}, {'start': '1196.600', 'end': '1202.400', 'text': "Let's let's let's use another"}, {'start': '1199.559', 'end': '1204.960', 'text': "visual, right? So, we'll customize work"}, {'start': '1202.400', 'end': '1207.320', 'text': "we're doing. So, let's say we say plt"}, {'start': '1204.960', 'end': '1210.080', 'text': 'dot error'}, {'start': '1207.320', 'end': '1216.320', 'text': 'bar. And here, of course, we already'}, {'start': '1210.080', 'end': '1220.799', 'text': 'have um our X Y and again XY is data,'}, {'start': '1216.320', 'end': '1224.640', 'text': 'right? And then we have our Y error and'}, {'start': '1220.799', 'end': '1229.520', 'text': 'um we already have that as our error Y.'}, {'start': '1224.640', 'end': '1233.679', 'text': 'And then again over here we did some you'}, {'start': '1229.520', 'end': '1235.600', 'text': "know formatting with this. Now um I'll"}, {'start': '1233.679', 'end': '1237.200', 'text': 'have to share documentation on this so'}, {'start': '1235.600', 'end': '1241.320', 'text': 'that we can see the different format'}, {'start': '1237.200', 'end': '1245.400', 'text': 'types we have right. So um FMT'}, {'start': '1241.320', 'end': '1250.120', 'text': "here is I'll use"}, {'start': '1245.400', 'end': '1250.120', 'text': 'O then color'}, {'start': '1251.039', 'end': '1254.000', 'text': "um I'll use"}, {'start': '1263.480', 'end': '1269.280', 'text': 'black then'}, {'start': '1265.799', 'end': '1272.159', 'text': 'um there if again for for looking into'}, {'start': '1269.280', 'end': '1273.840', 'text': 'this the bunch of things you can see'}, {'start': '1272.159', 'end': '1276.400', 'text': "just again so that it doesn't feel like"}, {'start': '1273.840', 'end': '1278.640', 'text': "we're just putting making this up. So"}, {'start': '1276.400', 'end': '1282.480', 'text': "let's let's check out this E color the"}, {'start': '1278.640', 'end': '1284.480', 'text': 'color of the error bar lines if none it'}, {'start': '1282.480', 'end': '1289.760', 'text': 'will use color of the lines intersecting'}, {'start': '1284.480', 'end': '1293.280', 'text': 'the markers right so we we say e color'}, {'start': '1289.760', 'end': '1293.280', 'text': 'and here we we'}, {'start': '1293.960', 'end': '1299.080', 'text': 'say light gray'}, {'start': '1301.120', 'end': '1309.919', 'text': 'uh then again we can use e line width'}, {'start': '1306.919', 'end': '1309.919', 'text': 'Again'}, {'start': '1310.360', 'end': '1318.240', 'text': 'documentation we go to E line'}, {'start': '1314.039', 'end': '1320.240', 'text': 'width the line width of the error lines'}, {'start': '1318.240', 'end': '1322.559', 'text': 'if none the line width of the current'}, {'start': '1320.240', 'end': '1324.799', 'text': 'style is used. So we can we can'}, {'start': '1322.559', 'end': '1328.640', 'text': "determine what what it's going to be. So"}, {'start': '1324.799', 'end': '1331.200', 'text': "let's we put three and maybe we can make"}, {'start': '1328.640', 'end': '1336.480', 'text': 'maybe two. Of course it can be'}, {'start': '1331.200', 'end': '1337.799', 'text': "customizable. So then final one let's"}, {'start': '1336.480', 'end': '1342.320', 'text': "let's be"}, {'start': '1337.799', 'end': '1344.840', 'text': 'here final one we can go for we can look'}, {'start': '1342.320', 'end': '1347.600', 'text': 'at uh let me'}, {'start': '1344.840', 'end': '1350.799', 'text': 'see we can look at cap size which is the'}, {'start': '1347.600', 'end': '1354.480', 'text': 'length of the arrow bars caps in points.'}, {'start': '1350.799', 'end': '1356.919', 'text': "So let's let's let's let's see um cap"}, {'start': '1354.480', 'end': '1360.200', 'text': 'size and then we can just'}, {'start': '1356.919', 'end': '1363.360', 'text': 'say should we say'}, {'start': '1360.200', 'end': '1367.240', 'text': 'one right and then we have this then we'}, {'start': '1363.360', 'end': '1367.240', 'text': 'can go on to say plt.sh'}, {'start': '1367.720', 'end': '1375.280', 'text': 'show. Now you can see that right um now'}, {'start': '1371.039', 'end': '1377.360', 'text': "we have you can see unlike this we've"}, {'start': '1375.280', 'end': '1379.520', 'text': "tried to customize we've tried to"}, {'start': '1377.360', 'end': '1383.600', 'text': 'customize this still which is the same'}, {'start': '1379.520', 'end': '1387.200', 'text': 'data that we have over here right and um'}, {'start': '1383.600', 'end': '1388.520', 'text': 'so hopefully it looks you know does it'}, {'start': '1387.200', 'end': '1391.760', 'text': 'look'}, {'start': '1388.520', 'end': '1398.360', 'text': 'better right let me let me make the line'}, {'start': '1391.760', 'end': '1398.360', 'text': 'width three let me put cap size at zero'}, {'start': '1398.559', 'end': '1402.880', 'text': 'It might not look so much but what it'}, {'start': '1400.880', 'end': '1404.640', 'text': "means is that there's the we have you"}, {'start': '1402.880', 'end': '1407.679', 'text': 'know we can customize our error bars'}, {'start': '1404.640', 'end': '1410.400', 'text': 'just to show these uncertainties really'}, {'start': '1407.679', 'end': '1414.640', 'text': 'really important in because of the data'}, {'start': '1410.400', 'end': '1417.039', 'text': 'um uh we we have. Now another thing we'}, {'start': '1414.640', 'end': '1420.159', 'text': 'want to look at is we want to look at'}, {'start': '1417.039', 'end': '1423.840', 'text': 'continuous errors right because'}, {'start': '1420.159', 'end': '1427.360', 'text': 'continuous errors are like also a way is'}, {'start': '1423.840', 'end': '1430.159', 'text': 'also a way for us to talk about the'}, {'start': '1427.360', 'end': '1433.159', 'text': 'uncertainties we have.'}, {'start': '1430.159', 'end': '1433.159', 'text': 'continuous'}, {'start': '1433.760', 'end': '1438.640', 'text': 'um'}, {'start': '1435.720', 'end': '1440.559', 'text': 'errors. Now, in instead of like'}, {'start': '1438.640', 'end': '1442.960', 'text': "individual bars, we're looking at maybe"}, {'start': '1440.559', 'end': '1447.120', 'text': 'shaded regions, right? Shaded regions'}, {'start': '1442.960', 'end': '1452.480', 'text': 'typically will tell us um what kind of'}, {'start': '1447.120', 'end': '1454.960', 'text': 'visual we have, right? Um and and that I'}, {'start': '1452.480', 'end': '1458.559', 'text': "mean that that's those those shaded"}, {'start': '1454.960', 'end': '1460.520', 'text': 'regions go ahead to say, "Oh, okay.'}, {'start': '1458.559', 'end': '1465.760', 'text': 'This is uh what'}, {'start': '1460.520', 'end': '1468.360', 'text': 'we what would um show us the different'}, {'start': '1465.760', 'end': '1469.960', 'text': 'um stuff we have going'}, {'start': '1468.360', 'end': '1471.480', 'text': 'on.'}, {'start': '1469.960', 'end': '1474.640', 'text': 'Um'}, {'start': '1471.480', 'end': '1477.360', 'text': 'so you know instead of instead of having'}, {'start': '1474.640', 'end': '1478.760', 'text': 'those bars we just have a shaded region.'}, {'start': '1477.360', 'end': '1483.120', 'text': 'So here'}, {'start': '1478.760', 'end': '1485.840', 'text': "let's be something simple right? So here"}, {'start': '1483.120', 'end': '1488.080', 'text': "we're going to have a shaded regions. So"}, {'start': '1485.840', 'end': '1490.159', 'text': 'this shaded shaded regions will show us'}, {'start': '1488.080', 'end': '1493.960', 'text': 'uncertainty across maybe a line or a'}, {'start': '1490.159', 'end': '1499.480', 'text': 'curve. So the shaded'}, {'start': '1493.960', 'end': '1502.480', 'text': 'region will show us'}, {'start': '1499.480', 'end': '1502.480', 'text': 'uncertainty'}, {'start': '1510.520', 'end': '1516.559', 'text': 'across a line or a curve.'}, {'start': '1517.039', 'end': '1522.320', 'text': 'right now.'}, {'start': '1519.000', 'end': '1527.039', 'text': "Um, so again, uh, let's let's go ahead"}, {'start': '1522.320', 'end': '1527.039', 'text': 'and, um, so how do we'}, {'start': '1528.919', 'end': '1536.279', 'text': 'see because I Okay, hold on, guys. Let'}, {'start': '1533.039', 'end': '1536.279', 'text': 'me see.'}, {'start': '1538.400', 'end': '1544.400', 'text': 'So, um, Grace asks, "So, how do we see'}, {'start': '1542.480', 'end': '1546.960', 'text': 'these uncertainties or explain them'}, {'start': '1544.400', 'end': '1552.039', 'text': 'because I can\'t seem to point them out."'}, {'start': '1546.960', 'end': '1555.520', 'text': "Okay, so let's let's go back here. Now"}, {'start': '1552.039', 'end': '1558.080', 'text': 'um you you can see over here that when'}, {'start': '1555.520', 'end': '1560.480', 'text': 'when I when I created when I created'}, {'start': '1558.080', 'end': '1565.679', 'text': 'this but obviously this is supposed to'}, {'start': '1560.480', 'end': '1569.400', 'text': 'be um explanation um like a walk through'}, {'start': '1565.679', 'end': '1572.320', 'text': 'of what we might get um in a in a real'}, {'start': '1569.400', 'end': '1576.240', 'text': 'sense. So we created like an error bar'}, {'start': '1572.320', 'end': '1578.960', 'text': 'and set our error bar is 0.8 states like'}, {'start': '1576.240', 'end': '1580.679', 'text': 'now this error by is saying look we have'}, {'start': '1578.960', 'end': '1584.480', 'text': 'both our features'}, {'start': '1580.679', 'end': '1588.600', 'text': 'here and this right but we are saying'}, {'start': '1584.480', 'end': '1592.919', 'text': 'look since this and and because we did'}, {'start': '1588.600', 'end': '1592.919', 'text': 'the quote unquote'}, {'start': '1593.480', 'end': '1598.840', 'text': 'um maybe got the'}, {'start': '1596.120', 'end': '1601.440', 'text': 'survey and or'}, {'start': '1598.840', 'end': '1603.120', 'text': 'we when we got the survey maybe we got'}, {'start': '1601.440', 'end': '1604.440', 'text': 'the secondary data from a survey that'}, {'start': '1603.120', 'end': '1608.240', 'text': 'has already been'}, {'start': '1604.440', 'end': '1610.240', 'text': "performed. We aren't certain of maybe"}, {'start': '1608.240', 'end': '1613.200', 'text': 'the changes that have occurred maybe'}, {'start': '1610.240', 'end': '1616.960', 'text': 'over a period and then to that maybe the'}, {'start': '1613.200', 'end': '1620.080', 'text': 'survey was in for 2023. Maybe the survey'}, {'start': '1616.960', 'end': '1623.679', 'text': 'was for 2023 and things have probably'}, {'start': '1620.080', 'end': '1625.400', 'text': 'happened before then or afterwards and'}, {'start': '1623.679', 'end': '1627.840', 'text': 'and we now say'}, {'start': '1625.400', 'end': '1629.679', 'text': 'look there are certain uncertainties'}, {'start': '1627.840', 'end': '1631.039', 'text': 'around the data that has been collected'}, {'start': '1629.679', 'end': '1632.720', 'text': "and to that end if we're going to"}, {'start': '1631.039', 'end': '1636.559', 'text': 'visualize we might as well now talk'}, {'start': '1632.720', 'end': '1637.480', 'text': 'about you know you know create room for'}, {'start': '1636.559', 'end': '1641.360', 'text': 'a'}, {'start': '1637.480', 'end': '1643.360', 'text': 'change right so this is what we are'}, {'start': '1641.360', 'end': '1645.919', 'text': 'trying to do for instance let us look at'}, {'start': '1643.360', 'end': '1648.080', 'text': 'this first point here this is zero So'}, {'start': '1645.919', 'end': '1651.679', 'text': 'you can see this is zero here. So this'}, {'start': '1648.080', 'end': '1653.320', 'text': 'is the x-axis 0 and then in the yaxis we'}, {'start': '1651.679', 'end': '1656.559', 'text': 'have minus'}, {'start': '1653.320', 'end': '1659.039', 'text': '0.3 which is basically going to be'}, {'start': '1656.559', 'end': '1659.039', 'text': 'around'}, {'start': '1659.559', 'end': '1663.600', 'text': "here. Right? So you can see that there's"}, {'start': '1662.000', 'end': '1665.760', 'text': 'some intersection that should have'}, {'start': '1663.600', 'end': '1669.799', 'text': 'happened here. And then to that end we'}, {'start': '1665.760', 'end': '1674.360', 'text': 'sort of like created a point'}, {'start': '1669.799', 'end': '1677.159', 'text': '08 a point sort of like a 08'}, {'start': '1674.360', 'end': '1681.120', 'text': 'um error bar.'}, {'start': '1677.159', 'end': '1684.080', 'text': 'Now 08 error bar is I just made that up'}, {'start': '1681.120', 'end': '1686.000', 'text': 'right but let let us assume that maybe'}, {'start': '1684.080', 'end': '1688.600', 'text': 'the features we are trying to explain as'}, {'start': '1686.000', 'end': '1692.960', 'text': "maybe we've we've had a level of"}, {'start': '1688.600', 'end': '1695.080', 'text': "uncertainty maybe we're looking at um"}, {'start': '1692.960', 'end': '1698.120', 'text': 'how maybe a certain disease has'}, {'start': '1695.080', 'end': '1702.240', 'text': 'escalated since the abandonment of the'}, {'start': '1698.120', 'end': '1703.919', 'text': 'hospital and we cannot really tell the'}, {'start': '1702.240', 'end': '1706.559', 'text': 'data of the people that were collected'}, {'start': '1703.919', 'end': '1708.720', 'text': 'at the time when maybe the disease was,'}, {'start': '1706.559', 'end': '1710.640', 'text': 'you know, was the disease was going on'}, {'start': '1708.720', 'end': '1713.200', 'text': 'and they were being treated. Then all of'}, {'start': '1710.640', 'end': '1715.360', 'text': 'a sudden, uh, the the center was'}, {'start': '1713.200', 'end': '1716.880', 'text': "abandoned and then we're now back two or"}, {'start': '1715.360', 'end': '1718.559', 'text': "three years later and then we're trying"}, {'start': '1716.880', 'end': '1720.240', 'text': 'to get the folks who had they had'}, {'start': '1718.559', 'end': '1722.240', 'text': "collected their data or we're trying to"}, {'start': '1720.240', 'end': '1724.399', 'text': "understand what's going on. We probably"}, {'start': '1722.240', 'end': '1725.679', 'text': 'want to create some kind of uncertainty'}, {'start': '1724.399', 'end': '1727.960', 'text': "because we don't know what is going on"}, {'start': '1725.679', 'end': '1731.279', 'text': 'and saving me for that three'}, {'start': '1727.960', 'end': '1733.840', 'text': 'years X and X has happened and we we'}, {'start': '1731.279', 'end': '1736.159', 'text': 'make up for the uncertainty on that.'}, {'start': '1733.840', 'end': '1738.000', 'text': 'Second, we could also have data that'}, {'start': '1736.159', 'end': '1740.000', 'text': "we've collected and it's a sample data,"}, {'start': '1738.000', 'end': '1742.240', 'text': "but we don't really know to what end"}, {'start': '1740.000', 'end': '1744.159', 'text': 'does this sample tell anything. So'}, {'start': '1742.240', 'end': '1747.039', 'text': 'basically this these are the error bars'}, {'start': '1744.159', 'end': '1749.039', 'text': "and that's um this is why you are"}, {'start': '1747.039', 'end': '1751.679', 'text': 'creating them and and let me let you'}, {'start': '1749.039', 'end': '1753.720', 'text': 'know these these things these error bars'}, {'start': '1751.679', 'end': '1755.880', 'text': 'are often'}, {'start': '1753.720', 'end': '1758.480', 'text': 'set'}, {'start': '1755.880', 'end': '1760.159', 'text': 'are is like a realization that I know'}, {'start': '1758.480', 'end': '1762.240', 'text': "there's something there are some levels"}, {'start': '1760.159', 'end': '1765.120', 'text': 'of uncertainty'}, {'start': '1762.240', 'end': '1766.720', 'text': 'um from a maybe from a point where folks'}, {'start': '1765.120', 'end': '1769.520', 'text': "don't know it might not be so necessary"}, {'start': '1766.720', 'end': '1772.440', 'text': "but it's ideal to you know to have that"}, {'start': '1769.520', 'end': '1775.039', 'text': "in mind and so that's I"}, {'start': '1772.440', 'end': '1778.399', 'text': 'um I figured it would be interesting to'}, {'start': '1775.039', 'end': '1780.480', 'text': "share. So you'll see it. You'll see that"}, {'start': '1778.399', 'end': '1783.840', 'text': 'you know just like this guy again you'}, {'start': '1780.480', 'end': '1786.240', 'text': 'can see how we have introduced this is'}, {'start': '1783.840', 'end': '1789.039', 'text': 'sort of like our error bar in different'}, {'start': '1786.240', 'end': '1791.120', 'text': 'places saying give or take right so this'}, {'start': '1789.039', 'end': '1793.440', 'text': 'is this is where the data sort of starts'}, {'start': '1791.120', 'end': '1795.840', 'text': 'but this is where we put our error bars'}, {'start': '1793.440', 'end': '1797.840', 'text': "and all. So you can see that's why I was"}, {'start': '1795.840', 'end': '1800.480', 'text': 'really interested in in showing us the'}, {'start': '1797.840', 'end': '1805.039', 'text': 'different data points. 0.2 two which is'}, {'start': '1800.480', 'end': '1808.200', 'text': 'the second one right the zero um you see'}, {'start': '1805.039', 'end': '1813.600', 'text': 'like we have 0 not'}, {'start': '1808.200', 'end': '1816.159', 'text': '0.2 right 0.2 two, right? And then we in'}, {'start': '1813.600', 'end': '1820.720', 'text': 'the second place we are trying to also'}, {'start': '1816.159', 'end': '1824.000', 'text': 'say the other one is minus.04 04 and all'}, {'start': '1820.720', 'end': '1826.399', 'text': "and we're trying to typically find where"}, {'start': '1824.000', 'end': '1828.159', 'text': "you know we're saying oh with respect to"}, {'start': '1826.399', 'end': '1831.200', 'text': 'these two data points even though if'}, {'start': '1828.159', 'end': '1835.039', 'text': 'they meet over here right these are'}, {'start': '1831.200', 'end': '1837.919', 'text': 'their error their error bars right and'}, {'start': '1835.039', 'end': '1839.919', 'text': 'saying give or take this and that okay'}, {'start': '1837.919', 'end': '1841.919', 'text': "so that's basically that if you are"}, {'start': '1839.919', 'end': '1844.200', 'text': 'dealing with the data you have and you'}, {'start': '1841.919', 'end': '1847.120', 'text': 'have done your your'}, {'start': '1844.200', 'end': '1849.840', 'text': 'research upon sharing that information'}, {'start': '1847.120', 'end': '1853.159', 'text': "to maybe an audience, you'll be able to"}, {'start': '1849.840', 'end': '1856.880', 'text': "point that out. So that's that's why,"}, {'start': '1853.159', 'end': '1860.080', 'text': 'right? Um and you would typically'}, {'start': '1856.880', 'end': '1863.039', 'text': 'explain it because of the um because of'}, {'start': '1860.080', 'end': '1868.159', 'text': 'the situation or the research you have'}, {'start': '1863.039', 'end': '1873.360', 'text': 'done. So yeah, let let me um put put'}, {'start': '1868.159', 'end': '1873.360', 'text': "together this for so I'll just"}, {'start': '1874.200', 'end': '1881.760', 'text': "copy I'll just copy this code."}, {'start': '1878.320', 'end': '1884.960', 'text': 'um just to explain this right. So here'}, {'start': '1881.760', 'end': '1887.520', 'text': 'again I have created um another data'}, {'start': '1884.960', 'end': '1890.960', 'text': 'here um which is different from our'}, {'start': '1887.520', 'end': '1893.360', 'text': 'first and our second and here we have'}, {'start': '1890.960', 'end': '1895.279', 'text': 'error you know this is going to be like'}, {'start': '1893.360', 'end': '1897.919', 'text': 'our increasing error over time. You can'}, {'start': '1895.279', 'end': '1900.320', 'text': "see how we've done that like right and"}, {'start': '1897.919', 'end': '1902.880', 'text': "then we've we've plot XY we have a label"}, {'start': '1900.320', 'end': '1905.840', 'text': "for prediction and then we'll put a"}, {'start': '1902.880', 'end': '1908.320', 'text': 'field between this error error part and'}, {'start': '1905.840', 'end': '1911.679', 'text': "all and then we'll title the shaded"}, {'start': '1908.320', 'end': '1916.640', 'text': 'error continuous uncertainty. Now if if'}, {'start': '1911.679', 'end': '1919.279', 'text': 'I plot this right you can see that this'}, {'start': '1916.640', 'end': '1921.519', 'text': "is what we have here right we've we've"}, {'start': '1919.279', 'end': '1925.120', 'text': 'done this plot so by default when we put'}, {'start': '1921.519', 'end': '1927.600', 'text': 'this plot um map plot lily typically'}, {'start': '1925.120', 'end': '1930.679', 'text': 'infers what our plot is going to be and'}, {'start': '1927.600', 'end': '1933.440', 'text': "so it's it picks it up as a"}, {'start': '1930.679', 'end': '1934.960', 'text': "nine. Now you can see that there's the"}, {'start': '1933.440', 'end': '1937.600', 'text': 'error range. You can see the error'}, {'start': '1934.960', 'end': '1939.519', 'text': "range. Now imagine let's say for a bit"}, {'start': '1937.600', 'end': '1941.519', 'text': 'that we are saying look this error range'}, {'start': '1939.519', 'end': '1942.919', 'text': "we're talking about is maybe the"}, {'start': '1941.519', 'end': '1945.440', 'text': 'difference'}, {'start': '1942.919', 'end': '1947.120', 'text': "in you know maybe we're talking about"}, {'start': '1945.440', 'end': '1950.320', 'text': "maybe it's a line plot and we're talking"}, {'start': '1947.120', 'end': '1952.399', 'text': 'about um maybe this is a prediction of'}, {'start': '1950.320', 'end': '1954.320', 'text': 'how prices are going to go maybe stock'}, {'start': '1952.399', 'end': '1956.880', 'text': 'prices and these are their different'}, {'start': '1954.320', 'end': '1958.640', 'text': 'error ranges that exist because we might'}, {'start': '1956.880', 'end': '1960.880', 'text': 'not just be sure about the different'}, {'start': '1958.640', 'end': '1963.919', 'text': 'changes that will happen so we create'}, {'start': '1960.880', 'end': '1966.799', 'text': 'error ranges so we say give or take this'}, {'start': '1963.919', 'end': '1968.000', 'text': 'so this for you see those these areas'}, {'start': '1966.799', 'end': '1970.320', 'text': 'you know accounting for the'}, {'start': '1968.000', 'end': '1974.399', 'text': 'uncertainties that are around there. So'}, {'start': '1970.320', 'end': '1976.480', 'text': "that's basically what you know this this"}, {'start': '1974.399', 'end': '1978.799', 'text': 'looks like in terms of uh creating them.'}, {'start': '1976.480', 'end': '1980.440', 'text': 'So but again you see that there is'}, {'start': '1978.799', 'end': '1987.519', 'text': 'almost'}, {'start': '1980.440', 'end': '1989.919', 'text': 'that explicit um deliberate uh need to'}, {'start': '1987.519', 'end': '1991.279', 'text': 'you know talk about show the errors that'}, {'start': '1989.919', 'end': '1994.159', 'text': 'may be there and you see that these'}, {'start': '1991.279', 'end': '1997.919', 'text': 'errors are typically added to this one'}, {'start': '1994.159', 'end': '1999.840', 'text': 'was added to the xaxis here right and uh'}, {'start': '1997.919', 'end': '2001.919', 'text': 'it was added to all the features that'}, {'start': '1999.840', 'end': '2003.440', 'text': 'shown for instance x and x in this place'}, {'start': '2001.919', 'end': '2005.760', 'text': 'so we have created we have gotten the'}, {'start': '2003.440', 'end': '2008.960', 'text': "data and then we've introduced our"}, {'start': '2005.760', 'end': '2011.039', 'text': 'errors and saying look these errors um'}, {'start': '2008.960', 'end': '2013.360', 'text': 'you know this accounts for certain'}, {'start': '2011.039', 'end': '2016.880', 'text': 'errors in terms of uncertainties and all'}, {'start': '2013.360', 'end': '2019.679', 'text': "that. So that's why um it's really um"}, {'start': '2016.880', 'end': '2022.200', 'text': 'such an interesting thing to to to look'}, {'start': '2019.679', 'end': '2024.760', 'text': "to when you're doing you're doing"}, {'start': '2022.200', 'end': '2027.760', 'text': 'stuff.'}, {'start': '2024.760', 'end': '2031.039', 'text': "Now going to do or we're going to look"}, {'start': '2027.760', 'end': '2034.720', 'text': 'at is um confidence intervals. Now'}, {'start': '2031.039', 'end': '2036.480', 'text': 'confidence intervals say that we are 95%'}, {'start': '2034.720', 'end': '2037.760', 'text': 'confidence'}, {'start': '2036.480', 'end': '2040.960', 'text': "This is an example. We're saying we're"}, {'start': '2037.760', 'end': '2043.679', 'text': '95% confident that the true average lies'}, {'start': '2040.960', 'end': '2046.000', 'text': 'within a certain range. Now, confidence'}, {'start': '2043.679', 'end': '2049.679', 'text': 'intervals are almost always in some'}, {'start': '2046.000', 'end': '2052.800', 'text': 'visuals we have, but we rarely see that,'}, {'start': '2049.679', 'end': '2056.200', 'text': "right? And so, we're going to look at"}, {'start': '2052.800', 'end': '2059.839', 'text': 'talk about confidence intervals'}, {'start': '2056.200', 'end': '2059.839', 'text': 'here. Um, so'}, {'start': '2059.960', 'end': '2063.960', 'text': 'this confidence'}, {'start': '2069.720', 'end': '2075.679', 'text': 'intervals. Now for for for this right'}, {'start': '2077.480', 'end': '2083.040', 'text': 'um most times for confidence intervals'}, {'start': '2080.159', 'end': '2085.200', 'text': 'they calculated from sample data and you'}, {'start': '2083.040', 'end': '2087.359', 'text': "know and there's al also this idea that"}, {'start': '2085.200', 'end': '2089.280', 'text': "it's an assumed repeated measurement of"}, {'start': '2087.359', 'end': '2092.639', 'text': "something. So you're you're plotting"}, {'start': '2089.280', 'end': '2095.599', 'text': "stuff and you're saying um how confident"}, {'start': '2092.639', 'end': '2097.760', 'text': "am I that whatever it is I'm plotting"}, {'start': '2095.599', 'end': '2102.040', 'text': "lies within a certain range. So it's"}, {'start': '2097.760', 'end': '2106.079', 'text': 'typically that kind of question. How'}, {'start': '2102.040', 'end': '2112.760', 'text': 'confident am I that'}, {'start': '2106.079', 'end': '2114.359', 'text': "um that the let's say for instance"}, {'start': '2112.760', 'end': '2118.079', 'text': 'the'}, {'start': '2114.359', 'end': '2120.960', 'text': 'true average'}, {'start': '2118.079', 'end': '2120.960', 'text': 'lies'}, {'start': '2123.720', 'end': '2129.000', 'text': "within. It's a question you're asking"}, {'start': '2126.280', 'end': '2131.800', 'text': 'yourself'}, {'start': '2129.000', 'end': '2135.680', 'text': 'basically. So a common use'}, {'start': '2131.800', 'end': '2139.079', 'text': 'case might just be um would and and we'}, {'start': '2135.680', 'end': '2139.079', 'text': 'see it regular'}, {'start': '2140.480', 'end': '2146.839', 'text': 'um when we are plotting stuff. So what'}, {'start': '2143.280', 'end': '2150.880', 'text': "I'm going to do here is I'm going to"}, {'start': '2146.839', 'end': '2153.240', 'text': 'introduce the seaborn library over here.'}, {'start': '2150.880', 'end': '2155.400', 'text': "So I'm going to say"}, {'start': '2153.240', 'end': '2159.359', 'text': 'import'}, {'start': '2155.400', 'end': '2159.359', 'text': 'seaborn as'}, {'start': '2159.800', 'end': '2166.240', 'text': "SNS. So let's we have that added here."}, {'start': '2163.920', 'end': '2168.560', 'text': "Now for confidence level I'm going to"}, {'start': '2166.240', 'end': '2170.960', 'text': "we're going to create a data frame,"}, {'start': '2168.560', 'end': '2173.920', 'text': "right? So we're going to have um an"}, {'start': '2170.960', 'end': '2173.920', 'text': 'example data'}, {'start': '2176.599', 'end': '2181.359', 'text': 'frame. So here we have'}, {'start': '2186.680', 'end': '2196.920', 'text': 'this. Oh,'}, {'start': '2189.800', 'end': '2196.920', 'text': 'interesting. Import of pandas as pd.'}, {'start': '2197.440', 'end': '2202.440', 'text': 'I did not know that that was not um'}, {'start': '2200.240', 'end': '2206.079', 'text': 'done. So, okay. So, we have'}, {'start': '2202.440', 'end': '2209.839', 'text': 'this. So, this is DF. So, this is the'}, {'start': '2206.079', 'end': '2212.880', 'text': 'data we have here. 100 I mean DF here'}, {'start': '2209.839', 'end': '2212.880', 'text': 'just to give us a sense'}, {'start': '2218.280', 'end': '2223.520', 'text': 'of scores and different classes where'}, {'start': '2221.520', 'end': '2225.440', 'text': 'they are.'}, {'start': '2223.520', 'end': '2228.480', 'text': "Now we're going to plot uh with a"}, {'start': '2225.440', 'end': '2231.480', 'text': 'certain confidence interval right of uh'}, {'start': '2228.480', 'end': '2234.960', 'text': "95% and say we're we're certain about"}, {'start': '2231.480', 'end': '2238.000', 'text': 'that. Now to to put it in perspective'}, {'start': '2234.960', 'end': '2244.280', 'text': 'here we plot'}, {'start': '2238.000', 'end': '2244.280', 'text': 'um we a confidence level interval.'}, {'start': '2247.280', 'end': '2250.160', 'text': 'the confidence'}, {'start': '2253.160', 'end': '2259.920', 'text': "interval. Now, I'm going to be using a a"}, {'start': '2256.000', 'end': '2261.680', 'text': 'point plot, right? Um so, um because I'}, {'start': '2259.920', 'end': '2264.560', 'text': "think with a point plot, we're looking"}, {'start': '2261.680', 'end': '2267.440', 'text': 'at one qualitative and one quantitative,'}, {'start': '2264.560', 'end': '2270.880', 'text': "right? And um and then we'll just set a"}, {'start': '2267.440', 'end': '2273.400', 'text': 'cap size and then a confidence interval.'}, {'start': '2270.880', 'end': '2276.640', 'text': 'So here SNS'}, {'start': '2273.400', 'end': '2280.560', 'text': 'dot point plot just so you know um a'}, {'start': '2276.640', 'end': '2283.720', 'text': 'point plot is shows point estimates and'}, {'start': '2280.560', 'end': '2287.200', 'text': 'errors using lines with'}, {'start': '2283.720', 'end': '2288.960', 'text': 'markers. Right? Now again a point plot'}, {'start': '2287.200', 'end': '2291.520', 'text': 'represents an estimate of central'}, {'start': '2288.960', 'end': '2293.839', 'text': 'tendency for a numerical for a numeric'}, {'start': '2291.520', 'end': '2295.480', 'text': 'variable by the positions of the dots'}, {'start': '2293.839', 'end': '2298.240', 'text': 'and provides some indication of'}, {'start': '2295.480', 'end': '2300.960', 'text': 'uncertainty around that estimate using'}, {'start': '2298.240', 'end': '2304.320', 'text': 'error bars. Right? And of course you can'}, {'start': '2300.960', 'end': '2306.160', 'text': 'read this up by just simply um putting'}, {'start': '2304.320', 'end': '2308.560', 'text': 'up you can put a question mark here and'}, {'start': '2306.160', 'end': '2310.400', 'text': 'you can see all this here. So again for'}, {'start': '2308.560', 'end': '2312.320', 'text': 'folks who who are watching the video and'}, {'start': '2310.400', 'end': '2315.320', 'text': 'you can see it you can always do this.'}, {'start': '2312.320', 'end': '2318.599', 'text': 'So let me just go on and then'}, {'start': '2315.320', 'end': '2321.200', 'text': 'um then write'}, {'start': '2318.599', 'end': '2323.960', 'text': "the excuse me I'll write the code here."}, {'start': '2321.200', 'end': '2326.800', 'text': 'So sns.point'}, {'start': '2323.960', 'end': '2330.880', 'text': 'plots. Now what we have is we have our'}, {'start': '2326.800', 'end': '2334.160', 'text': 'data here which is DF'}, {'start': '2330.880', 'end': '2336.560', 'text': "our x-axis which is um it's going to be"}, {'start': '2334.160', 'end': '2338.640', 'text': 'class and so we see bond here you can'}, {'start': '2336.560', 'end': '2342.839', 'text': "see that it's easier we just basically"}, {'start': '2338.640', 'end': '2346.640', 'text': 'call um class which is this guy over'}, {'start': '2342.839', 'end': '2348.200', 'text': 'here then um then with y we are going to'}, {'start': '2346.640', 'end': '2353.599', 'text': 'call'}, {'start': '2348.200', 'end': '2359.359', 'text': 'score score yes now here um we have'}, {'start': '2353.599', 'end': '2359.359', 'text': 'looked at cap size we have seen cap size'}, {'start': '2360.599', 'end': '2366.040', 'text': 'Um we have seen cap size before. So we'}, {'start': '2363.920', 'end': '2370.440', 'text': 'just we just look at it'}, {'start': '2366.040', 'end': '2373.760', 'text': 'again. We had seen cap size initially in'}, {'start': '2370.440', 'end': '2377.280', 'text': "uh when we're using plot from math plot"}, {'start': '2373.760', 'end': '2380.560', 'text': 'but again just so that we can talk about'}, {'start': '2377.280', 'end': '2380.560', 'text': "that we've seen line"}, {'start': '2382.119', 'end': '2390.560', 'text': 'styles. Yes the width of the caps or the'}, {'start': '2385.520', 'end': '2395.520', 'text': 'arrow bars. So again here we say 0.2'}, {'start': '2390.560', 'end': '2398.560', 'text': 'um then our confidence level CI and our'}, {'start': '2395.520', 'end': '2399.800', 'text': "confidence level here we're using 95% um"}, {'start': '2398.560', 'end': '2404.240', 'text': 'confidence'}, {'start': '2399.800', 'end': '2406.440', 'text': 'level then of course we are can we can'}, {'start': '2404.240', 'end': '2408.960', 'text': 'use plt.title'}, {'start': '2406.440', 'end': '2413.040', 'text': "title and so that you can see that we're"}, {'start': '2408.960', 'end': '2416.800', 'text': 'now leveraging on um on math plot li'}, {'start': '2413.040', 'end': '2419.240', 'text': "here. So we can call this um we're"}, {'start': '2416.800', 'end': '2422.040', 'text': 'talking about'}, {'start': '2419.240', 'end': '2424.200', 'text': 'confidence'}, {'start': '2422.040', 'end': '2426.359', 'text': 'intervals'}, {'start': '2424.200', 'end': '2429.119', 'text': 'intervals'}, {'start': '2426.359', 'end': '2432.320', 'text': "on this. We're talking about confidence"}, {'start': '2429.119', 'end': '2434.040', 'text': 'interval on this, right? Confidence'}, {'start': '2432.320', 'end': '2437.599', 'text': 'interval on'}, {'start': '2434.040', 'end': '2439.440', 'text': 'scores, right? Because by default what'}, {'start': '2437.599', 'end': '2441.359', 'text': "this will try to do is is we're going"}, {'start': '2439.440', 'end': '2443.040', 'text': "it's going to visualize the scores and"}, {'start': '2441.359', 'end': '2445.200', 'text': "at every point we're going to it's going"}, {'start': '2443.040', 'end': '2448.160', 'text': 'to be like the mean scores of is going'}, {'start': '2445.200', 'end': '2453.200', 'text': 'to show us like the average right and so'}, {'start': '2448.160', 'end': '2453.200', 'text': 'we can go on to now plt'}, {'start': '2454.280', 'end': '2466.119', 'text': 'show the CI parameter oh okay nice'}, {'start': '2460.440', 'end': '2470.160', 'text': 'um so we can basically say use'}, {'start': '2466.119', 'end': '2470.160', 'text': 'this right. So'}, {'start': '2474.599', 'end': '2481.280', 'text': 'that right so now we can see that over'}, {'start': '2478.880', 'end': '2484.319', 'text': "here we're now looking at the different"}, {'start': '2481.280', 'end': '2487.119', 'text': 'classes which is we have class A, class'}, {'start': '2484.319', 'end': '2489.839', 'text': 'C and class B and we have their scores.'}, {'start': '2487.119', 'end': '2492.880', 'text': 'So you can see that we we we now have'}, {'start': '2489.839', 'end': '2497.480', 'text': 'our confidence intervals all pointing'}, {'start': '2492.880', 'end': '2501.280', 'text': 'over here, right? And and showing us um'}, {'start': '2497.480', 'end': '2502.800', 'text': 'this, right? Um for for the different'}, {'start': '2501.280', 'end': '2505.520', 'text': "classes, we're looking at their"}, {'start': '2502.800', 'end': '2507.920', 'text': 'averages. Maybe for class A, you have'}, {'start': '2505.520', 'end': '2511.040', 'text': 'the average scores that they have here.'}, {'start': '2507.920', 'end': '2513.680', 'text': 'And of course you can you can see um'}, {'start': '2511.040', 'end': '2517.280', 'text': 'their different confidence levels you'}, {'start': '2513.680', 'end': '2520.319', 'text': 'know going um front and back different'}, {'start': '2517.280', 'end': '2524.880', 'text': 'confidence level going front and back'}, {'start': '2520.319', 'end': '2528.319', 'text': 'right. So this is it. And again um if we'}, {'start': '2524.880', 'end': '2531.440', 'text': 'we can you know choose not to have um a'}, {'start': '2528.319', 'end': '2534.240', 'text': 'confidence level right and maybe if we'}, {'start': '2531.440', 'end': '2537.760', 'text': 'say confidence level we can say none. I'}, {'start': '2534.240', 'end': '2537.760', 'text': 'think this would remove'}, {'start': '2537.960', 'end': '2542.200', 'text': 'that. Hold on.'}, {'start': '2543.440', 'end': '2549.520', 'text': 'Or let me see let me just put confidence'}, {'start': '2545.920', 'end': '2552.960', 'text': "level and put zero because let's see is"}, {'start': '2549.520', 'end': '2557.680', 'text': "that yeah then there isn't no confidence"}, {'start': '2552.960', 'end': '2561.160', 'text': 'level like look at the way it is zero um'}, {'start': '2557.680', 'end': '2564.599', 'text': 'there could be confidence level of'}, {'start': '2561.160', 'end': '2567.359', 'text': '5% right you see the confidence level of'}, {'start': '2564.599', 'end': '2568.839', 'text': '5% right and then of course we have a'}, {'start': '2567.359', 'end': '2573.200', 'text': 'confidence level of'}, {'start': '2568.839', 'end': '2574.640', 'text': "95% here so typically um it's ideal for"}, {'start': '2573.200', 'end': '2577.680', 'text': 'us to think about something as we'}, {'start': '2574.640', 'end': '2579.599', 'text': 'summarize error bars, right? The'}, {'start': '2577.680', 'end': '2582.079', 'text': 'intuition is simple. The values could go'}, {'start': '2579.599', 'end': '2584.400', 'text': 'a bit higher or it could go a bit lower.'}, {'start': '2582.079', 'end': '2587.760', 'text': 'So this where this is what we looked at'}, {'start': '2584.400', 'end': '2592.960', 'text': 'over here, right? It is best most times'}, {'start': '2587.760', 'end': '2595.240', 'text': 'for um to look at um different levels,'}, {'start': '2592.960', 'end': '2598.800', 'text': 'discrete levels of'}, {'start': '2595.240', 'end': '2601.440', 'text': 'variability. Then the continuous errors,'}, {'start': '2598.800', 'end': '2603.119', 'text': 'which is what we looked at here, right?'}, {'start': '2601.440', 'end': '2605.599', 'text': "The intuition is saying there's a re"}, {'start': '2603.119', 'end': '2608.200', 'text': "there's a region there's a region in"}, {'start': '2605.599', 'end': '2612.000', 'text': 'which the values could fall'}, {'start': '2608.200', 'end': '2613.520', 'text': 'in right now they they used for line'}, {'start': '2612.000', 'end': '2616.880', 'text': "plots or trends that's why I mentioned"}, {'start': '2613.520', 'end': '2619.599', 'text': 'stock prices and all and then eventually'}, {'start': '2616.880', 'end': '2621.560', 'text': 'we are looking at confidence intervals'}, {'start': '2619.599', 'end': '2624.960', 'text': 'right where we are saying'}, {'start': '2621.560', 'end': '2627.240', 'text': 'well there is an average right and'}, {'start': '2624.960', 'end': '2629.839', 'text': "there's a percentage that they they fall"}, {'start': '2627.240', 'end': '2632.240', 'text': 'in right this is often used for'}, {'start': '2629.839', 'end': '2635.520', 'text': "statistical sampling or when you're"}, {'start': '2632.240', 'end': '2638.160', 'text': 'trying to plot like a mean of something.'}, {'start': '2635.520', 'end': '2641.920', 'text': 'So um I figured it is important to talk'}, {'start': '2638.160', 'end': '2644.560', 'text': 'about all this before we go into you'}, {'start': '2641.920', 'end': '2648.160', 'text': "know doing a lot of visuals and and it's"}, {'start': '2644.560', 'end': '2650.000', 'text': 'I mean before the the session I were'}, {'start': '2648.160', 'end': '2652.160', 'text': 'trying to have a back and forth convers'}, {'start': '2650.000', 'end': '2653.839', 'text': "conversation and I was like look it's a"}, {'start': '2652.160', 'end': '2655.359', 'text': 'conversation that happens regularly'}, {'start': '2653.839', 'end': '2658.800', 'text': 'there have been papers written about'}, {'start': '2655.359', 'end': '2661.520', 'text': 'this and and also conversation around'}, {'start': '2658.800', 'end': '2663.119', 'text': 'what how best to plot this but I think a'}, {'start': '2661.520', 'end': '2665.200', 'text': 'great start is for us to realize that'}, {'start': '2663.119', 'end': '2668.160', 'text': "it's an important thing especially when"}, {'start': '2665.200', 'end': '2670.960', 'text': "we're sampling data or we are plotting"}, {'start': '2668.160', 'end': '2673.800', 'text': "trends or we are we we're looking at"}, {'start': '2670.960', 'end': '2677.119', 'text': 'situations that have different levels of'}, {'start': '2673.800', 'end': '2679.760', 'text': 'variability. So yes, so I think that is'}, {'start': '2677.119', 'end': '2682.640', 'text': 'that for this. Um if you have any'}, {'start': '2679.760', 'end': '2685.440', 'text': "question, if you're live here, please"}, {'start': '2682.640', 'end': '2687.280', 'text': 'feel free to drop any questions, right?'}, {'start': '2685.440', 'end': '2689.760', 'text': 'Um if you are going to be watching the'}, {'start': '2687.280', 'end': '2692.720', 'text': "recorded session because you're signed"}, {'start': '2689.760', 'end': '2695.119', 'text': 'up to uh signed on to the data science'}, {'start': '2692.720', 'end': '2697.359', 'text': 'mentor program, please feel free to drop'}, {'start': '2695.119', 'end': '2699.400', 'text': 'a question in the telegram channel.'}, {'start': '2697.359', 'end': '2702.040', 'text': "Again, if you're live, you can also drop"}, {'start': '2699.400', 'end': '2706.040', 'text': 'questions in the comments'}, {'start': '2702.040', 'end': '2706.040', 'text': 'section, right?'}]