Sejarah Kerajaan Sriwijaya | Kejayaan dari Sumatera Selatan
Sejarah Abadi
[{'start': '0.300', 'end': '1.100', 'text': 'In this video'}, {'start': '1.566', 'end': '4.066', 'text': 'we will explore the extraordinary journey of the'}, {'start': '4.166', 'end': '6.266', 'text': 'Srivijaya kingdom, a legendary maritime power'}, {'start': '6.366', 'end': '7.866', 'text': 'from South Sumatra'}, {'start': '7.900', 'end': '10.200', 'text': 'that once controlled world trade routes,'}, {'start': '10.766', 'end': '14.933', 'text': 'based on the primary source of the Kedukan Bukit 683 m inscription'}, {'start': '15.133', 'end': '17.066', 'text': "and George Choides' in-depth research,"}, {'start': '17.366', 'end': '18.166', 'text': 'we examine'}, {'start': '18.200', 'end': '20.800', 'text': 'how Srivijaya grew into a center of Buddhist trade'}, {'start': '22.300', 'end': '24.066', 'text': 'and culture in Southeast Asia,'}, {'start': '24.466', 'end': '25.900', 'text': 'from the great expansion led by'}, {'start': '26.000', 'end': '27.800', 'text': 'Dapunta Hyang Sri Jayana, the'}, {'start': '28.000', 'end': '30.066', 'text': 'glory of controlling the Straits of Malacca'}, {'start': '30.333', 'end': '32.533', 'text': 'to its influence on regional civilization.'}, {'start': '32.966', 'end': '34.733', 'text': 'This video combines historical facts'}, {'start': '34.766', 'end': '35.900', 'text': 'with fascinating stories'}, {'start': '35.933', 'end': '37.766', 'text': 'in a vivid and immersive narrative.'}, {'start': '38.300', 'end': '39.600', 'text': 'We also discuss'}, {'start': '39.700', 'end': '41.100', 'text': 'important archaeological discoveries'}, {'start': '41.133', 'end': '43.000', 'text': 'and the enduring legacy of Srivijaya'}, {'start': '43.166', 'end': '44.700', 'text': 'that can still be felt today.'}, {'start': '45.200', 'end': '47.766', 'text': 'Join this journey to understand'}, {'start': '47.866', 'end': '49.666', 'text': 'how a maritime empire'}, {'start': '49.800', 'end': '51.933', 'text': 'shaped the face of Southeast Asian history. The'}, {'start': '55.933', 'end': '58.300', 'text': 'origins of the Srivijaya kingdom. The'}, {'start': '58.800', 'end': '59.966', 'text': 'Srivijaya kingdom,'}, {'start': '60.466', 'end': '62.733', 'text': 'one of the largest empires in Southeast Asia,'}, {'start': '63.100', 'end': '63.900', 'text': 'began from a'}, {'start': '63.966', 'end': '66.266', 'text': 'small point in what we now know as the'}, {'start': '66.333', 'end': '67.266', 'text': 'South Sumatra region.'}, {'start': '67.700', 'end': '68.866', 'text': 'In the 7th century,'}, {'start': '69.166', 'end': '71.000', 'text': 'this region became a center of power'}, {'start': '71.100', 'end': '72.466', 'text': 'that had great influence'}, {'start': '72.700', 'end': '73.766', 'text': 'not only in Indonesia'}, {'start': '74.300', 'end': '76.466', 'text': 'but also throughout Southeast Asia.'}, {'start': '77.066', 'end': '80.533', 'text': 'But what underlies the birth of this kingdom?'}, {'start': '81.000', 'end': '82.266', 'text': 'How did Srivijaya'}, {'start': '82.366', 'end': '85.166', 'text': 'emerge and develop into a very influential maritime empire? It is'}, {'start': '86.800', 'end': '88.133', 'text': 'important to understand that the'}, {'start': '88.300', 'end': '89.066', 'text': 'origins of'}, {'start': '89.066', 'end': '91.566', 'text': 'Srivijaya is still shrouded in many mysteries,'}, {'start': '92.100', 'end': '94.300', 'text': 'various historical sources and ancient inscriptions'}, {'start': '94.400', 'end': '95.733', 'text': 'indicate that Srivijaya was'}, {'start': '95.800', 'end': '98.133', 'text': 'most likely founded by a group of'}, {'start': '98.200', 'end': '99.400', 'text': 'local rulers who wanted to control the very strategic'}, {'start': '99.500', 'end': '100.900', 'text': 'maritime trade route'}, {'start': '101.100', 'end': '103.133', 'text': 'in the Strait of Malacca.'}, {'start': '103.600', 'end': '105.466', 'text': 'One of the most significant sources that provides'}, {'start': '105.600', 'end': '107.533', 'text': 'insight into the early days of this kingdom'}, {'start': '107.866', 'end': '108.133', 'text': 'is the'}, {'start': '108.133', 'end': '111.800', 'text': 'Kedukan Bukit inscription found in 683 AD.'}, {'start': '113.300', 'end': '115.366', 'text': 'This inscription reveals the early journey of the founding of'}, {'start': '115.500', 'end': '116.300', 'text': 'Srivijaya,'}, {'start': '116.566', 'end': '119.200', 'text': 'which shows that this kingdom began to be organized'}, {'start': '119.333', 'end': '120.366', 'text': 'in that period.'}, {'start': '120.766', 'end': '122.100', 'text': 'According to George Coedes,'}, {'start': '122.466', 'end': '125.066', 'text': 'a historian and archaeologist who has researched the'}, {'start': '125.133', 'end': '126.200', 'text': 'history of Southeast Asia, the'}, {'start': '126.500', 'end': '127.700', 'text': 'Srivijaya kingdom was'}, {'start': '127.766', 'end': '129.966', 'text': 'not only built on the basis of military'}, {'start': '130.100', 'end': '130.900', 'text': 'or political power'}, {'start': '131.133', 'end': '133.500', 'text': 'but also by the need for trade.'}, {'start': '134.066', 'end': '136.666', 'text': 'Sumatra with its strategic port'}, {'start': '137.133', 'end': '139.266', 'text': 'became a meeting place for various cultures'}, {'start': '139.566', 'end': '140.500', 'text': 'including China,'}, {'start': '140.800', 'end': '143.533', 'text': 'India and various other small kingdoms.'}, {'start': '144.066', 'end': '145.400', 'text': 'Through these routes,'}, {'start': '145.800', 'end': '148.366', 'text': 'Srivijaya controlled the trade in spices,'}, {'start': '148.666', 'end': '149.466', 'text': 'gold'}, {'start': '149.533', 'end': '152.500', 'text': 'and other materials that were very valuable to the ancient world.'}, {'start': '152.966', 'end': '154.300', 'text': 'This kingdom is also known'}, {'start': '154.466', 'end': '155.500', 'text': 'as a kingdom'}, {'start': '155.566', 'end': '157.966', 'text': 'that is very connected to maritime culture.'}, {'start': '158.400', 'end': '160.700', 'text': 'Srivijaya is not only a land kingdom'}, {'start': '161.266', 'end': '162.866', 'text': 'but also a sea power'}, {'start': '162.900', 'end': '164.500', 'text': 'that controls the main shipping routes'}, {'start': '164.566', 'end': '166.066', 'text': 'in Southeast Asia.'}, {'start': '166.500', 'end': '169.166', 'text': 'This can be seen from the ownership of a strong sea fleet'}, {'start': '169.400', 'end': '170.900', 'text': 'that allows Srivijaya to'}, {'start': '170.966', 'end': '172.600', 'text': 'control a large area around the'}, {'start': '172.733', 'end': '173.533', 'text': 'Strait of Malacca'}, {'start': '173.600', 'end': '175.800', 'text': 'and even reach several islands around'}, {'start': '175.933', 'end': '178.066', 'text': 'Nusantara maritime success of'}, {'start': '178.166', 'end': '180.666', 'text': 'Srivijaya created extraordinary prosperity'}, {'start': '181.100', 'end': '181.733', 'text': 'bringing'}, {'start': '181.733', 'end': '184.100', 'text': 'wealth from trade with the'}, {'start': '184.166', 'end': '185.866', 'text': 'great kingdoms in India, China and'}, {'start': '186.266', 'end': '187.100', 'text': 'even Arabia,'}, {'start': '187.700', 'end': '189.300', 'text': 'but although there is a lot of'}, {'start': '189.366', 'end': '191.566', 'text': 'archaeological and historical evidence that supports the power of'}, {'start': '191.666', 'end': '192.466', 'text': 'Srivijaya, there are'}, {'start': '192.933', 'end': '195.566', 'text': 'also many legends that have developed about the origins of'}, {'start': '195.700', 'end': '196.500', 'text': 'this kingdom'}, {'start': '196.766', 'end': '198.800', 'text': 'in the oral tradition of the Sumatran people,'}, {'start': '199.200', 'end': '200.066', 'text': 'it is said that'}, {'start': '200.133', 'end': '200.933', 'text': 'Srivijaya'}, {'start': '200.933', 'end': '203.733', 'text': 'began with a king who had mystical powers'}, {'start': '203.900', 'end': '206.200', 'text': 'and was able to control the wind and waves.'}, {'start': '206.666', 'end': '208.200', 'text': 'This of course blends with the'}, {'start': '208.300', 'end': '210.266', 'text': 'mythology that developed among the people,'}, {'start': '210.600', 'end': '212.333', 'text': 'creating the image of Srivijaya'}, {'start': '212.466', 'end': '214.366', 'text': 'as a kingdom that had close ties'}, {'start': '214.500', 'end': '216.366', 'text': 'with the supernatural world and natural forces.'}, {'start': '216.933', 'end': '218.300', 'text': 'What is interesting is that'}, {'start': '218.333', 'end': '220.766', 'text': 'although there are many legends that surround the early history of'}, {'start': '220.866', 'end': '223.200', 'text': 'Srivijaya, we can still trace the'}, {'start': '223.300', 'end': '224.666', 'text': 'historical roots of this kingdom through the'}, {'start': '224.800', 'end': '226.466', 'text': 'Kedukan Bukit inscription which'}, {'start': '226.466', 'end': '228.966', 'text': 'is important evidence from the time the kingdom was founded.'}, {'start': '229.500', 'end': '233.266', 'text': 'In this inscription, the name of King Dapunta Hiyang is recorded,'}, {'start': '233.500', 'end': '236.366', 'text': 'who is believed to be the first founder of Srivijaya.'}, {'start': '237.000', 'end': '238.133', 'text': 'This name is proof'}, {'start': '238.200', 'end': '240.933', 'text': 'that this kingdom had a strong leadership structure'}, {'start': '241.000', 'end': '242.666', 'text': 'since its inception. The'}, {'start': '243.100', 'end': '244.333', 'text': 'presence of Srivijaya is'}, {'start': '244.400', 'end': '247.133', 'text': 'also a reflection of the enormous influence of Indian culture'}, {'start': '247.333', 'end': '248.933', 'text': 'at that time.'}, {'start': '249.566', 'end': '252.000', 'text': 'This kingdom received the influence of Buddhism'}, {'start': '252.366', 'end': '255.000', 'text': 'which began to develop rapidly in the Southeast Asian region'}, {'start': '255.100', 'end': '256.266', 'text': 'in the 7th century'}, {'start': '256.700', 'end': '258.866', 'text': 'with the increasing influence of this religion.'}, {'start': '259.133', 'end': '259.933', 'text': 'Srivijaya'}, {'start': '260.000', 'end': '262.366', 'text': 'was not only the center of political and economic power'}, {'start': '262.933', 'end': '263.700', 'text': 'but also the'}, {'start': '263.700', 'end': '265.600', 'text': 'center of culture that spread'}, {'start': '265.700', 'end': '266.966', 'text': 'Buddhism throughout the archipelago and'}, {'start': '267.533', 'end': '269.733', 'text': 'even to more distant regions'}, {'start': '269.766', 'end': '271.766', 'text': 'such as the Malay Peninsula and Thailand.'}, {'start': '272.333', 'end': '274.533', 'text': 'This first chapter opens up a picture of how'}, {'start': '274.733', 'end': '277.200', 'text': 'Srivijaya emerged as a great kingdom'}, {'start': '277.600', 'end': '279.566', 'text': 'combining political,'}, {'start': '279.900', 'end': '282.700', 'text': 'economic and cultural power that were interrelated'}, {'start': '283.133', 'end': '284.600', 'text': 'with its maritime power.'}, {'start': '284.900', 'end': '285.700', 'text': 'Srivijaya'}, {'start': '285.733', 'end': '288.166', 'text': 'controlled Southeast Asian trade'}, {'start': '288.500', 'end': '289.100', 'text': 'which eventually'}, {'start': '289.100', 'end': '291.700', 'text': 'placed this kingdom as an important center of civilization'}, {'start': '291.800', 'end': '293.066', 'text': 'at that time.'}, {'start': '293.766', 'end': '296.533', 'text': 'However, even though much is known about its'}, {'start': '296.666', 'end': '299.600', 'text': 'origins, there are still many unsolved mysteries,'}, {'start': '300.000', 'end': '302.466', 'text': 'especially regarding the relationship between historical facts and the'}, {'start': '302.566', 'end': '304.500', 'text': 'mythology that developed around it. It is'}, {'start': '305.066', 'end': '306.366', 'text': 'important to always ask'}, {'start': '306.766', 'end': '308.366', 'text': 'whether the glory of Srivijaya'}, {'start': '308.466', 'end': '310.933', 'text': 'began only from strong natural and political power'}, {'start': '311.333', 'end': '312.066', 'text': 'or whether'}, {'start': '312.066', 'end': '313.266', 'text': 'this kingdom also had'}, {'start': '313.333', 'end': '315.400', 'text': 'extraordinary stories that inspired'}, {'start': '315.533', 'end': '316.800', 'text': 'generations after it.'}, {'start': '317.300', 'end': '318.800', 'text': 'As time goes by,'}, {'start': '319.200', 'end': '320.966', 'text': 'we will continue to dig deeper to'}, {'start': '321.200', 'end': '322.000', 'text': 'find more'}, {'start': '322.100', 'end': '324.533', 'text': 'traces of history that may be hidden behind the'}, {'start': '324.666', 'end': '326.100', 'text': 'existing legends. The'}, {'start': '330.100', 'end': '332.466', 'text': 'origins of the Srivijaya kingdom. The'}, {'start': '332.966', 'end': '334.133', 'text': 'Srivijaya kingdom,'}, {'start': '334.600', 'end': '336.900', 'text': 'one of the largest kingdoms in Southeast Asia,'}, {'start': '337.266', 'end': '338.766', 'text': 'began from a small point'}, {'start': '338.766', 'end': '341.400', 'text': 'that we now know as the South Sumatra region.'}, {'start': '341.866', 'end': '343.000', 'text': 'In the 7th century,'}, {'start': '343.333', 'end': '345.166', 'text': 'this region became a center of power'}, {'start': '345.266', 'end': '346.600', 'text': 'that had a great influence.'}, {'start': '346.866', 'end': '347.933', 'text': 'only in Indonesia'}, {'start': '348.500', 'end': '350.600', 'text': 'but also throughout Southeast Asia'}, {'start': '351.200', 'end': '354.700', 'text': 'but what underlies the birth of this kingdom'}, {'start': '355.166', 'end': '355.700', 'text': 'how'}, {'start': '355.700', 'end': '358.600', 'text': 'srivijaya emerged and developed into a'}, {'start': '358.766', 'end': '360.466', 'text': 'very influential maritime kingdom it is'}, {'start': '360.966', 'end': '362.300', 'text': 'important to understand that the'}, {'start': '362.466', 'end': '363.266', 'text': 'origins of'}, {'start': '363.266', 'end': '365.766', 'text': 'srivijaya are still shrouded in many mysteries'}, {'start': '366.266', 'end': '368.500', 'text': 'various historical sources and ancient inscriptions'}, {'start': '368.600', 'end': '369.200', 'text': 'indicate that'}, {'start': '369.200', 'end': '370.600', 'text': 'srivijaya was most likely'}, {'start': '370.666', 'end': '371.866', 'text': 'founded by a group of'}, {'start': '371.900', 'end': '373.566', 'text': 'local rulers who wanted to control the very strategic'}, {'start': '373.666', 'end': '375.066', 'text': 'maritime trade route'}, {'start': '375.266', 'end': '377.300', 'text': 'in the Strait of Malacca'}, {'start': '377.766', 'end': '379.600', 'text': 'one of the most significant sources that provides'}, {'start': '379.766', 'end': '381.700', 'text': 'insight into the early days of this kingdom'}, {'start': '382.000', 'end': '382.333', 'text': 'is the'}, {'start': '382.333', 'end': '386.000', 'text': 'kedukan bukit inscription found in 683 AD'}, {'start': '387.466', 'end': '389.533', 'text': 'this inscription reveals the early journey of the founding of'}, {'start': '389.666', 'end': '390.466', 'text': 'srivijaya'}, {'start': '390.733', 'end': '393.366', 'text': 'which shows that this kingdom began to be organized'}, {'start': '393.500', 'end': '394.533', 'text': 'in that period'}, {'start': '394.933', 'end': '396.266', 'text': 'according to George coedes'}, {'start': '396.666', 'end': '398.366', 'text': 'a historian and archaeologist'}, {'start': '398.400', 'end': '399.566', 'text': 'who has researched the history of'}, {'start': '399.666', 'end': '400.466', 'text': 'Southeast Asia the'}, {'start': '400.666', 'end': '401.866', 'text': 'srivijaya kingdom was'}, {'start': '401.933', 'end': '404.133', 'text': 'not only built on the basis of military'}, {'start': '404.266', 'end': '405.066', 'text': 'or political power'}, {'start': '405.300', 'end': '407.666', 'text': 'but also by the need for trade'}, {'start': '408.200', 'end': '410.800', 'text': 'Sumatra with its strategic port'}, {'start': '411.300', 'end': '413.400', 'text': 'became a meeting place for various cultures'}, {'start': '413.733', 'end': '414.666', 'text': 'including China'}, {'start': '414.966', 'end': '417.733', 'text': 'India and various other small kingdoms'}, {'start': '418.200', 'end': '419.566', 'text': 'through these routes'}, {'start': '419.966', 'end': '422.533', 'text': 'srivijaya controlled the trade in spices'}, {'start': '422.800', 'end': '423.600', 'text': 'gold'}, {'start': '423.700', 'end': '426.666', 'text': 'and other materials that were very valuable to the ancient world'}, {'start': '427.133', 'end': '428.466', 'text': 'this kingdom is also known'}, {'start': '428.600', 'end': '429.700', 'text': 'as a kingdom'}, {'start': '429.733', 'end': '432.133', 'text': 'that is very connected to maritime culture'}, {'start': '432.566', 'end': '434.866', 'text': 'srivijaya is not only a land kingdom'}, {'start': '435.400', 'end': '437.800', 'text': 'but also a sea power  which controls the'}, {'start': '437.900', 'end': '440.200', 'text': 'main shipping lanes in Southeast Asia,'}, {'start': '440.666', 'end': '443.300', 'text': 'this can be seen from the ownership of a strong naval fleet'}, {'start': '443.566', 'end': '445.066', 'text': 'that allows Srivijaya to'}, {'start': '445.133', 'end': '447.666', 'text': 'control a large area around the Strait of Malacca'}, {'start': '447.766', 'end': '449.500', 'text': 'and even reach several islands'}, {'start': '449.533', 'end': '450.666', 'text': "around the archipelago. Srivijaya's"}, {'start': '451.133', 'end': '452.200', 'text': 'maritime success'}, {'start': '452.333', 'end': '454.800', 'text': 'created extraordinary prosperity,'}, {'start': '455.266', 'end': '455.900', 'text': 'bringing'}, {'start': '455.900', 'end': '458.266', 'text': 'wealth from trade with'}, {'start': '458.333', 'end': '460.000', 'text': 'large kingdoms in India, China and'}, {'start': '460.400', 'end': '461.266', 'text': 'even Arabia.'}, {'start': '461.866', 'end': '463.466', 'text': 'However, although there is a lot of'}, {'start': '463.533', 'end': '465.733', 'text': "archaeological and historical evidence that supports Srivijaya's strength,"}, {'start': '467.100', 'end': '469.766', 'text': 'there are also many legends that have developed about the origins of'}, {'start': '469.900', 'end': '470.700', 'text': 'this kingdom.'}, {'start': '470.933', 'end': '473.000', 'text': 'In the oral tradition of the Sumatran people, it is'}, {'start': '473.366', 'end': '474.066', 'text': 'said'}, {'start': '474.066', 'end': '475.000', 'text': 'that Srivijaya'}, {'start': '475.100', 'end': '477.900', 'text': 'began with a king who had mystical powers'}, {'start': '478.066', 'end': '480.366', 'text': 'and was able to control the wind and waves.'}, {'start': '480.866', 'end': '482.366', 'text': 'This of course blends with the'}, {'start': '482.466', 'end': '484.400', 'text': 'mythology that developed among the people,'}, {'start': '484.800', 'end': '485.733', 'text': 'creating the image of'}, {'start': '485.866', 'end': '488.533', 'text': 'Srivijaya as a kingdom that has a close relationship'}, {'start': '488.666', 'end': '490.566', 'text': 'with the supernatural world and natural forces.'}, {'start': '491.100', 'end': '493.100', 'text': 'What is interesting is that although there are many'}, {'start': '493.166', 'end': '495.800', 'text': 'legends that surround the early history of Srivijaya,'}, {'start': '496.300', 'end': '497.366', 'text': 'we can still trace the'}, {'start': '497.466', 'end': '499.500', 'text': 'historical roots of this kingdom through the'}, {'start': '499.600', 'end': '500.400', 'text': 'Kedukan Bukit inscription'}, {'start': '500.500', 'end': '502.566', 'text': 'which is important evidence from the time the'}, {'start': '502.733', 'end': '505.200', 'text': 'kingdom was founded. In this inscription,'}, {'start': '505.300', 'end': '507.400', 'text': 'the name of King Dapunta Hiyang is recorded, who is'}, {'start': '507.666', 'end': '510.533', 'text': 'believed to be the first founder of Srivijaya.'}, {'start': '511.166', 'end': '512.300', 'text': 'This name is proof'}, {'start': '512.366', 'end': '515.100', 'text': 'that this kingdom has a strong leadership structure'}, {'start': '515.166', 'end': '516.800', 'text': 'since its inception. The'}, {'start': '517.266', 'end': '518.500', 'text': 'presence of Srivijaya'}, {'start': '518.600', 'end': '521.333', 'text': 'is also  reflection of the enormous influence of Indian culture'}, {'start': '521.500', 'end': '523.100', 'text': 'at that time,'}, {'start': '523.733', 'end': '526.566', 'text': 'this kingdom received the influence of Buddhism'}, {'start': '526.566', 'end': '529.166', 'text': 'which began to develop rapidly in the Southeast Asian region'}, {'start': '529.266', 'end': '530.400', 'text': 'in the 7th century,'}, {'start': '530.866', 'end': '533.000', 'text': 'with the increasing influence of this religion,'}, {'start': '533.300', 'end': '534.100', 'text': 'Srivijaya'}, {'start': '534.166', 'end': '536.566', 'text': 'not only became the center of political and economic power'}, {'start': '537.100', 'end': '537.866', 'text': 'but also became the'}, {'start': '537.866', 'end': '539.766', 'text': 'center of culture that spread'}, {'start': '539.900', 'end': '541.133', 'text': 'Buddhism throughout the archipelago and'}, {'start': '541.700', 'end': '543.900', 'text': 'even to more distant regions'}, {'start': '543.933', 'end': '545.933', 'text': 'such as the Malay Peninsula and Thailand.'}, {'start': '546.533', 'end': '548.700', 'text': 'This first chapter opens up a picture of how'}, {'start': '548.900', 'end': '551.366', 'text': 'Srivijaya emerged as a great kingdom'}, {'start': '551.766', 'end': '553.733', 'text': 'combining political,'}, {'start': '554.066', 'end': '557.500', 'text': 'economic and cultural power that were interrelated with its'}, {'start': '557.500', 'end': '558.800', 'text': 'maritime power.'}, {'start': '559.066', 'end': '559.866', 'text': 'Srivijaya'}, {'start': '559.900', 'end': '562.333', 'text': 'controlled Southeast Asian trade'}, {'start': '562.666', 'end': '563.266', 'text': 'which eventually'}, {'start': '563.266', 'end': '565.866', 'text': 'placed this kingdom as an important center of civilization'}, {'start': '566.000', 'end': '567.266', 'text': 'at that time,'}, {'start': '567.933', 'end': '570.700', 'text': 'but even though much is known about its'}, {'start': '570.866', 'end': '573.766', 'text': 'origins, there are still many unsolved mysteries,'}, {'start': '574.166', 'end': '576.600', 'text': 'especially regarding the relationship between historical facts and the'}, {'start': '576.733', 'end': '578.666', 'text': 'mythology that developed around it. It is'}, {'start': '579.266', 'end': '580.533', 'text': 'important to always ask'}, {'start': '580.933', 'end': '582.533', 'text': 'whether the glory of Srivijaya'}, {'start': '582.600', 'end': '585.100', 'text': 'began only from strong natural and political power'}, {'start': '585.533', 'end': '586.266', 'text': 'or whether'}, {'start': '586.266', 'end': '588.100', 'text': 'this kingdom also had'}, {'start': '588.166', 'end': '589.566', 'text': 'extraordinary stories that inspired'}, {'start': '589.700', 'end': '590.966', 'text': 'generations after it.'}, {'start': '591.466', 'end': '592.966', 'text': 'As time goes by,'}, {'start': '593.366', 'end': '595.133', 'text': 'we will continue to dig deeper to'}, {'start': '595.400', 'end': '596.200', 'text': 'find more'}, {'start': '596.266', 'end': '598.733', 'text': 'traces of history that may be hidden behind the'}, {'start': '598.800', 'end': '600.266', 'text': 'legends that exist. The'}, {'start': '604.300', 'end': '606.733', 'text': 'peak of the glory of the Srivijaya kingdom. The'}, {'start': '607.300', 'end': '608.766', 'text': 'glory of the kingdom  Srivijaya'}, {'start': '608.900', 'end': '610.666', 'text': 'cannot be separated from its ability to'}, {'start': '610.733', 'end': '612.700', 'text': 'control maritime trade routes'}, {'start': '612.900', 'end': '615.600', 'text': 'and its strategic position in Southeast Asia.'}, {'start': '616.000', 'end': '616.800', 'text': 'At its peak,'}, {'start': '617.366', 'end': '618.166', 'text': 'Srivijaya'}, {'start': '618.200', 'end': '620.533', 'text': 'became one of the greatest powers in the region,'}, {'start': '620.933', 'end': '622.466', 'text': 'not only in terms of economy'}, {'start': '622.800', 'end': '625.200', 'text': 'but also in cultural and religious influence.'}, {'start': '625.600', 'end': '627.533', 'text': 'In the 8th to 11th centuries,'}, {'start': '627.966', 'end': '630.166', 'text': 'Srivijaya reached the peak of its glory,'}, {'start': '630.533', 'end': '632.766', 'text': 'proving itself as a'}, {'start': '632.900', 'end': '634.500', 'text': 'very influential maritime kingdom throughout'}, {'start': '634.700', 'end': '635.533', 'text': 'Southeast Asia.'}, {'start': '636.100', 'end': '638.566', 'text': 'Srivijaya took full advantage of its existence'}, {'start': '638.666', 'end': '640.366', 'text': 'at the crossroads of trade routes'}, {'start': '640.600', 'end': '642.000', 'text': 'between India and China'}, {'start': '642.566', 'end': '645.533', 'text': 'through control of the Strait of Malacca and the South China Sea.'}, {'start': '645.866', 'end': '646.666', 'text': 'Srivijaya'}, {'start': '646.700', 'end': '648.933', 'text': 'became an important international trade center'}, {'start': '649.366', 'end': '652.000', 'text': 'connecting traders from various parts of the world.'}, {'start': '652.500', 'end': '654.266', 'text': 'Spices, silk,'}, {'start': '654.600', 'end': '656.000', 'text': 'gold and silver'}, {'start': '656.133', 'end': '658.133', 'text': 'were the most sought-after commodities in the international market'}, {'start': '659.200', 'end': '660.200', 'text': 'and Srivijaya'}, {'start': '660.300', 'end': '662.566', 'text': 'controlled most of this trade.'}, {'start': '662.933', 'end': '665.300', 'text': 'Various historical records note that the port of'}, {'start': '665.400', 'end': '668.066', 'text': 'Srivijaya, especially the one in Palembang,'}, {'start': '668.400', 'end': '670.733', 'text': 'became the main meeting point for'}, {'start': '670.800', 'end': '672.600', 'text': 'merchant ships from India, China'}, {'start': '672.900', 'end': '673.733', 'text': 'to Arabia.'}, {'start': '674.266', 'end': '675.066', 'text': 'In addition,'}, {'start': '675.366', 'end': '678.100', 'text': 'Srivijaya was also famous for its very strong naval fleet.'}, {'start': '679.333', 'end': '680.933', 'text': 'This fleet was not only used'}, {'start': '681.000', 'end': '682.733', 'text': 'to protect trade routes'}, {'start': '683.300', 'end': '685.733', 'text': 'but also to expand the territory of'}, {'start': '686.266', 'end': '688.566', 'text': "Srivijaya's power. Srivijaya did not hesitate to use"}, {'start': '688.666', 'end': '690.366', 'text': 'military force to respond to threats'}, {'start': '690.800', 'end': '692.533', 'text': 'from neighboring kingdoms'}, {'start': '692.600', 'end': '694.866', 'text': 'or from kingdoms that wanted to  Seizing control'}, {'start': '694.966', 'end': '697.400', 'text': 'of this lucrative trade route,'}, {'start': '697.733', 'end': '699.366', 'text': 'this military capability allowed'}, {'start': '699.466', 'end': '702.066', 'text': 'Srivijaya to control a very large area'}, {'start': '702.600', 'end': '703.566', 'text': 'from Sumatra, the'}, {'start': '703.866', 'end': '705.066', 'text': 'Malay Peninsula'}, {'start': '705.333', 'end': '707.400', 'text': 'to most of the areas around the Strait of'}, {'start': '707.533', 'end': '709.200', 'text': 'Malacca and the South China Sea. The'}, {'start': '709.533', 'end': '712.366', 'text': 'glory of Srivijaya is also reflected in the'}, {'start': '712.466', 'end': '713.900', 'text': 'cultural influence it has.'}, {'start': '714.400', 'end': '716.866', 'text': 'This kingdom not only controlled trade'}, {'start': '717.366', 'end': '719.700', 'text': 'but also played a major role in the spread of'}, {'start': '719.800', 'end': '720.766', 'text': 'Buddhism in'}, {'start': '720.900', 'end': '721.800', 'text': 'Southeast Asia.'}, {'start': '722.200', 'end': '723.466', 'text': 'During its heyday,'}, {'start': '723.766', 'end': '726.466', 'text': 'Srivijaya became a center for learning Buddhism,'}, {'start': '726.766', 'end': '729.300', 'text': 'attracting the attention of many monks and scholars'}, {'start': '729.400', 'end': '730.200', 'text': 'from all over the world,'}, {'start': '730.566', 'end': '732.300', 'text': 'especially from India and China.'}, {'start': '732.866', 'end': '735.733', 'text': 'Srivijaya even became a meeting place for monks'}, {'start': '735.800', 'end': '736.700', 'text': 'from various countries'}, {'start': '737.100', 'end': '739.866', 'text': 'to discuss and deepen the teachings of Buddhism.'}, {'start': '740.400', 'end': '741.900', 'text': 'One important example of'}, {'start': '741.966', 'end': '743.466', 'text': "Srivijaya's influence in the field of religion"}, {'start': '743.766', 'end': '746.133', 'text': 'is the journey of the Chinese monk Ising'}, {'start': '746.566', 'end': '749.366', 'text': 'who came to Srivijaya in the 7th century to learn'}, {'start': '749.466', 'end': '750.700', 'text': 'about the teachings of Buddhism.'}, {'start': '751.166', 'end': '753.533', 'text': 'Ising noted that Srivijaya had many'}, {'start': '753.666', 'end': '755.400', 'text': 'magnificent monasteries and viharas'}, {'start': '755.800', 'end': '757.266', 'text': 'and became a famous center for learning'}, {'start': '757.333', 'end': '758.866', 'text': 'Buddhism. The'}, {'start': '759.300', 'end': '761.133', 'text': 'presence of Ising in Srivijaya'}, {'start': '761.300', 'end': '763.066', 'text': 'is proof that this kingdom not only'}, {'start': '763.166', 'end': '764.400', 'text': 'excelled in trade'}, {'start': '764.900', 'end': '767.500', 'text': 'but also had a major role in the religious world,'}, {'start': '767.966', 'end': '770.500', 'text': 'especially in the spread of Mahayana Buddhism'}, {'start': '770.566', 'end': '771.600', 'text': 'in Southeast Asia.'}, {'start': '772.000', 'end': '773.600', 'text': 'Outside of trade and religion,'}, {'start': '774.166', 'end': '775.466', 'text': 'Srivijaya was also known'}, {'start': '775.533', 'end': '776.766', 'text': 'as a kingdom that had a'}, {'start': '776.866', 'end': '779.200', 'text': 'government.  stable and well-organized the'}, {'start': '780.333', 'end': '782.500', 'text': 'king of srivijaya during his heyday'}, {'start': '782.600', 'end': '784.200', 'text': 'was known as a ruler who'}, {'start': '784.200', 'end': '786.066', 'text': 'not only ruled with an iron fist'}, {'start': '786.533', 'end': '787.866', 'text': 'but also as a leader who was'}, {'start': '787.933', 'end': '789.966', 'text': 'highly respected by his people'}, {'start': '790.400', 'end': '792.466', 'text': 'this efficient government allowed'}, {'start': '792.533', 'end': '794.066', 'text': 'srivijaya to manage a'}, {'start': '794.166', 'end': '795.200', 'text': 'very large area'}, {'start': '795.766', 'end': '798.566', 'text': 'and maintain the stability and prosperity of the kingdom'}, {'start': '799.266', 'end': '801.366', 'text': 'but behind this glory'}, {'start': '801.766', 'end': '803.600', 'text': 'there were also challenges that began to emerge'}, {'start': '804.200', 'end': '806.466', 'text': 'competition with neighboring kingdoms such as'}, {'start': '806.600', 'end': '807.666', 'text': 'hemer and Cola'}, {'start': '807.966', 'end': '808.300', 'text': 'as well as'}, {'start': '808.300', 'end': '810.500', 'text': 'pressure from external attacks coming from the kingdom of'}, {'start': '810.566', 'end': '811.366', 'text': 'south India'}, {'start': '811.766', 'end': '814.200', 'text': 'began to affect the stability of srivijaya'}, {'start': '814.700', 'end': '815.566', 'text': 'however'}, {'start': '815.866', 'end': '816.800', 'text': 'at its peak'}, {'start': '817.266', 'end': '819.666', 'text': 'srivijaya remained a very strong kingdom'}, {'start': '819.966', 'end': '821.933', 'text': 'not only because of its economic wealth'}, {'start': '822.400', 'end': '824.966', 'text': 'but also because of its influence in the fields of culture'}, {'start': '825.266', 'end': '826.800', 'text': 'religion and politics'}, {'start': '827.266', 'end': '828.566', 'text': "srivijaya's glory was"}, {'start': '828.700', 'end': '830.300', 'text': 'not only seen from its success'}, {'start': '830.366', 'end': '832.000', 'text': 'in the economic and military fields'}, {'start': '832.500', 'end': '834.700', 'text': 'but also from its ability to survive'}, {'start': '834.766', 'end': '836.200', 'text': 'as a cultural center'}, {'start': '836.733', 'end': '838.966', 'text': 'this kingdom was able to maintain its relevance'}, {'start': '839.133', 'end': '840.533', 'text': 'in a world that continued to develop'}, {'start': '841.000', 'end': '843.533', 'text': 'by remaining a bridge for various'}, {'start': '843.600', 'end': '844.933', 'text': 'different cultures and religions'}, {'start': '845.566', 'end': '846.366', 'text': 'in this case'}, {'start': '846.700', 'end': '847.500', 'text': 'srivijaya'}, {'start': '847.566', 'end': '850.133', 'text': 'is a classic example of how a maritime kingdom'}, {'start': '850.266', 'end': '851.200', 'text': 'can achieve glory'}, {'start': '851.300', 'end': '853.100', 'text': 'through control of trade routes the'}, {'start': '853.366', 'end': '854.900', 'text': 'strength of the sea fleet'}, {'start': '855.000', 'end': '857.066', 'text': 'and deep cultural integration'}, {'start': '857.533', 'end': '858.500', 'text': 'in this chapter'}, {'start': '858.933', 'end': '861.200', 'text': 'we have witnessed how srivijaya'}, {'start': '861.333', 'end': '863.000', 'text': 'reached the peak of its glory'}, {'start': '863.466', 'end': '865.933', 'text': 'success in controlling maritime trade'}, {'start': '866.200', 'end': '868.966', 'text': 'great influence in the spread of Buddhism'}, {'start': '868.966', 'end': '869.200', 'text': 'and'}, {'start': '869.200', 'end': '871.966', 'text': 'strong government stability made Srivijaya'}, {'start': '872.133', 'end': '873.700', 'text': 'one of the largest kingdoms'}, {'start': '873.766', 'end': '874.600', 'text': 'that ever existed in'}, {'start': '874.733', 'end': '875.666', 'text': 'Southeast Asia.'}, {'start': '876.000', 'end': '877.600', 'text': 'This glory is real evidence'}, {'start': '877.800', 'end': '880.666', 'text': 'that Srivijaya was not only a maritime kingdom'}, {'start': '881.100', 'end': '883.333', 'text': 'but also a center of civilization that had a'}, {'start': '883.500', 'end': '884.966', 'text': 'great influence on the world. The'}, {'start': '889.066', 'end': '891.566', 'text': 'influence of Buddhism in Srivijaya is'}, {'start': '892.100', 'end': '894.666', 'text': 'one of the most prominent aspects of the glory of the'}, {'start': '894.766', 'end': '896.766', 'text': 'Srivijaya kingdom is its role'}, {'start': '896.900', 'end': '899.900', 'text': 'as the center for the spread of Buddhism in Southeast Asia.'}, {'start': '900.366', 'end': '901.466', 'text': 'Srivijaya was not'}, {'start': '901.466', 'end': '902.566', 'text': 'only a great kingdom'}, {'start': '902.600', 'end': '904.266', 'text': 'in terms of trade and military'}, {'start': '904.766', 'end': '906.533', 'text': 'but also a very important place'}, {'start': '906.566', 'end': '908.300', 'text': 'for the development of Buddhism,'}, {'start': '908.666', 'end': '910.400', 'text': 'especially the Mahayana sect. The'}, {'start': '910.866', 'end': '912.366', 'text': 'influence of this religion was very large'}, {'start': '912.900', 'end': '915.200', 'text': 'both within the kingdom and outside its territory. It'}, {'start': '915.566', 'end': '917.800', 'text': 'influenced many kingdoms in Southeast Asia'}, {'start': '917.866', 'end': '918.933', 'text': 'and the Buddhist world'}, {'start': '919.100', 'end': '919.900', 'text': 'in general.'}, {'start': '920.066', 'end': '921.166', 'text': 'In the 7th century,'}, {'start': '921.500', 'end': '924.000', 'text': 'Srivijaya received great influence from India, which'}, {'start': '924.533', 'end': '926.966', 'text': 'was the birthplace of Buddhism,'}, {'start': '927.466', 'end': '929.466', 'text': 'with its control over maritime trade routes'}, {'start': '929.533', 'end': '931.500', 'text': 'and close diplomatic relations'}, {'start': '931.566', 'end': '933.333', 'text': 'with the great kingdoms in India.'}, {'start': '933.766', 'end': '936.700', 'text': 'Srivijaya became the main gateway for the spread of'}, {'start': '936.800', 'end': '938.200', 'text': 'Buddhism in this region.'}, {'start': '938.600', 'end': '941.666', 'text': 'Many monasteries and temples were built throughout Srivijaya,'}, {'start': '942.066', 'end': '944.300', 'text': 'making it a very famous center for learning Buddhism.'}, {'start': '946.500', 'end': '948.300', 'text': 'One strong evidence of the close relationship between'}, {'start': '948.400', 'end': '949.500', 'text': 'Srivijaya and'}, {'start': '949.600', 'end': '951.766', 'text': 'Buddhism is the visit of'}, {'start': '951.900', 'end': '952.866', 'text': 'great monks from abroad,'}, {'start': '953.300', 'end': '954.400', 'text': 'especially from  China'}, {'start': '955.066', 'end': '957.166', 'text': 'one of the most famous is ising'}, {'start': '957.466', 'end': '958.266', 'text': 'a'}, {'start': '958.366', 'end': '961.133', 'text': 'Chinese monk who came to sriwijaya in the late 7th century'}, {'start': '961.200', 'end': '963.533', 'text': 'to learn more about the teachings of Buddhism'}, {'start': '964.066', 'end': '964.900', 'text': 'in his notes'}, {'start': '965.466', 'end': '967.133', 'text': 'ising describes sriwijaya'}, {'start': '967.266', 'end': '969.966', 'text': 'as a place rich in Buddhist knowledge'}, {'start': '970.266', 'end': '972.400', 'text': 'and has many magnificent monasteries'}, {'start': '973.000', 'end': '974.366', 'text': 'he even calls'}, {'start': '974.500', 'end': '977.200', 'text': 'sriwijaya as the center of mahayana buddhist teachings'}, {'start': '977.400', 'end': '978.200', 'text': 'important'}, {'start': '978.366', 'end': '980.266', 'text': "ising's existence in sriwijaya"}, {'start': '980.366', 'end': '981.966', 'text': 'also provides an overview of how'}, {'start': '982.100', 'end': '984.300', 'text': 'this kingdom functioned as a center for Buddhist studies'}, {'start': '985.333', 'end': '986.766', 'text': 'that attracted scholars'}, {'start': '986.900', 'end': '988.266', 'text': 'from all over the world'}, {'start': '988.766', 'end': '991.500', 'text': 'monks and Buddhist teachers from sriwijaya'}, {'start': '991.600', 'end': '992.766', 'text': 'then spread'}, {'start': '992.866', 'end': '994.566', 'text': 'their teachings to other regions'}, {'start': '994.800', 'end': '997.300', 'text': 'including the Malay Peninsula Thailand'}, {'start': '997.533', 'end': '999.766', 'text': 'Cambodia and even to China'}, {'start': '1000.333', 'end': '1001.133', 'text': 'this made'}, {'start': '1001.300', 'end': '1004.200', 'text': 'sriwijaya a focal point in the development of'}, {'start': '1004.333', 'end': '1005.933', 'text': 'Buddhism in southeast asia'}, {'start': '1006.466', 'end': '1008.500', 'text': 'sriwijaya with its'}, {'start': '1008.533', 'end': '1009.800', 'text': 'vast power and influence'}, {'start': '1010.266', 'end': '1012.600', 'text': 'also played a role in integrating the teachings of'}, {'start': '1012.766', 'end': '1014.900', 'text': 'Buddhism into the lives of its people the'}, {'start': '1015.400', 'end': '1018.100', 'text': 'kings of sriwijaya were known to be very supportive of'}, {'start': '1018.200', 'end': '1020.466', 'text': 'Buddhism building places of worship'}, {'start': '1020.900', 'end': '1021.600', 'text': 'and giving'}, {'start': '1021.600', 'end': '1024.400', 'text': 'full support to monks and scholars of mahayana'}, {'start': '1024.766', 'end': '1025.733', 'text': 'buddhism'}, {'start': '1026.000', 'end': '1027.133', 'text': 'especially mahayana'}, {'start': '1027.400', 'end': '1029.166', 'text': 'developed rapidly in sriwijaya'}, {'start': '1029.466', 'end': '1031.600', 'text': 'which allowed this kingdom to act'}, {'start': '1031.733', 'end': '1033.100', 'text': 'as a bridge between'}, {'start': '1033.166', 'end': '1035.533', 'text': 'indian culture and culture  Local in Southeast Asia'}, {'start': '1036.100', 'end': '1036.900', 'text': 'besides that'}, {'start': '1037.000', 'end': '1039.800', 'text': 'Srivijaya is also known for the existence of'}, {'start': '1039.933', 'end': '1040.966', 'text': 'large and magnificent Buddhist stupas'}, {'start': '1041.266', 'end': '1043.400', 'text': 'which not only function as places of worship'}, {'start': '1043.966', 'end': '1046.200', 'text': 'but also as symbols of the progress of Buddhist civilization.'}, {'start': '1047.566', 'end': '1050.500', 'text': 'Many of the stupas and monasteries built in Srivijaya'}, {'start': '1050.900', 'end': '1052.133', 'text': 'show the close relationship'}, {'start': '1052.266', 'end': '1054.333', 'text': 'between this kingdom and the Buddhist tradition'}, {'start': '1054.533', 'end': '1055.566', 'text': 'that came from India. The'}, {'start': '1056.066', 'end': '1057.066', 'text': 'existence of'}, {'start': '1057.133', 'end': '1058.733', 'text': 'these large stupas also reflects the'}, {'start': '1058.800', 'end': '1060.200', 'text': 'great influence of Srivijaya'}, {'start': '1060.466', 'end': '1062.700', 'text': 'in spreading Buddhism throughout'}, {'start': '1062.800', 'end': '1063.666', 'text': 'Southeast Asia. The'}, {'start': '1064.133', 'end': '1066.866', 'text': 'importance of Srivijaya in spreading Buddhism is'}, {'start': '1066.966', 'end': '1069.600', 'text': 'also reflected in the diplomatic relations established'}, {'start': '1069.733', 'end': '1071.466', 'text': 'with various kingdoms in Asia.'}, {'start': '1072.000', 'end': '1074.500', 'text': 'Srivijaya often acted as a liaison'}, {'start': '1074.566', 'end': '1075.766', 'text': 'between India and China'}, {'start': '1075.900', 'end': '1077.866', 'text': 'in terms of spreading Buddhism.'}, {'start': '1078.500', 'end': '1080.200', 'text': 'One important example is the relationship between'}, {'start': '1080.333', 'end': '1081.800', 'text': 'Srivijaya and the'}, {'start': '1082.066', 'end': '1082.900', 'text': 'Tang dynasty in China. The Tang'}, {'start': '1083.300', 'end': '1085.500', 'text': 'dynasty did not record that Srivijaya'}, {'start': '1085.700', 'end': '1087.066', 'text': 'was a kingdom that had'}, {'start': '1087.100', 'end': '1088.133', 'text': 'very good relations'}, {'start': '1088.166', 'end': '1088.966', 'text': 'with them,'}, {'start': '1089.300', 'end': '1091.966', 'text': 'especially in terms of cultural and religious exchange.'}, {'start': '1092.400', 'end': '1094.333', 'text': 'In the 8th to 11th centuries,'}, {'start': '1094.733', 'end': '1097.300', 'text': 'Srivijaya continued to develop as a center of culture'}, {'start': '1097.333', 'end': '1098.733', 'text': 'and Buddhism'}, {'start': '1098.733', 'end': '1100.600', 'text': 'with many monks and scholars'}, {'start': '1100.733', 'end': '1102.500', 'text': 'coming to study and teach.'}, {'start': '1103.000', 'end': '1105.800', 'text': "Srivijaya's success in spreading Buddhism was"}, {'start': '1105.933', 'end': '1107.400', 'text': 'not only seen within the kingdom'}, {'start': '1107.966', 'end': '1109.500', 'text': 'but also outside its territory'}, {'start': '1109.866', 'end': '1111.500', 'text': 'through the establishment of monasteries and'}, {'start': '1111.600', 'end': '1114.333', 'text': 'Buddhist study centers in various  place in Southeast Asia'}, {'start': '1114.900', 'end': '1115.966', 'text': 'but even though'}, {'start': '1116.066', 'end': '1118.766', 'text': 'Srivijaya is known as the center of Buddhism'}, {'start': '1119.166', 'end': '1121.533', 'text': 'not all of its people adhere to the religion'}, {'start': '1121.933', 'end': '1123.533', 'text': 'Hinduism and animism'}, {'start': '1123.733', 'end': '1125.266', 'text': 'still exist and are still practiced'}, {'start': '1125.400', 'end': '1126.400', 'text': 'by some people'}, {'start': '1126.933', 'end': '1129.900', 'text': 'creating a rich religious diversity the'}, {'start': '1130.400', 'end': '1132.000', 'text': 'blend of Buddhism'}, {'start': '1132.166', 'end': '1134.666', 'text': 'and local traditions gives a distinctive color'}, {'start': '1134.733', 'end': '1137.100', 'text': 'to the culture and daily life of the'}, {'start': '1137.266', 'end': '1139.600', 'text': 'Srivijaya people through this chapter'}, {'start': '1140.066', 'end': '1141.100', 'text': 'we can see how'}, {'start': '1141.266', 'end': '1142.800', 'text': 'Srivijaya not only played a role'}, {'start': '1142.900', 'end': '1144.266', 'text': 'as a kingdom that controlled'}, {'start': '1144.333', 'end': '1145.466', 'text': 'trade and politics'}, {'start': '1145.966', 'end': '1147.133', 'text': 'but also as an'}, {'start': '1147.200', 'end': '1149.500', 'text': 'important spiritual and cultural center in the history of'}, {'start': '1149.666', 'end': '1150.566', 'text': 'Southeast Asia'}, {'start': '1150.933', 'end': '1152.166', 'text': 'Buddhism made a'}, {'start': '1152.300', 'end': '1155.100', 'text': 'major contribution to the development of Srivijaya culture'}, {'start': '1155.466', 'end': '1157.100', 'text': 'making it a kingdom that is not'}, {'start': '1157.200', 'end': '1158.366', 'text': 'only remembered for its'}, {'start': '1158.500', 'end': '1159.866', 'text': 'maritime and economic strength'}, {'start': '1160.366', 'end': '1162.366', 'text': 'but also as a pioneer in the spread of'}, {'start': '1163.200', 'end': '1164.533', 'text': 'Buddhism in this region'}, {'start': '1168.566', 'end': '1171.366', 'text': 'Kedukan Bukit inscription and early written evidence of'}, {'start': '1171.500', 'end': '1174.333', 'text': 'Srivijaya one of the main sources that provides'}, {'start': '1174.500', 'end': '1176.866', 'text': 'early evidence of the existence and greatness of the'}, {'start': '1176.966', 'end': '1179.666', 'text': 'Srivijaya kingdom is the Kedukan Bukit inscription'}, {'start': '1179.700', 'end': '1182.500', 'text': 'found near the Musi River Palembang'}, {'start': '1182.766', 'end': '1183.766', 'text': 'South Sumatra'}, {'start': '1184.333', 'end': '1188.700', 'text': 'this inscription which is estimated to date from 683 AD'}, {'start': '1189.000', 'end': '1191.333', 'text': 'not only functions as a source of information about'}, {'start': '1191.466', 'end': '1193.866', 'text': 'Srivijaya but also illustrates the'}, {'start': '1193.933', 'end': '1195.900', 'text': 'importance of the writing system in strengthening the'}, {'start': '1196.000', 'end': '1197.533', 'text': 'legitimacy of this kingdom'}, {'start': '1198.000', 'end': '1199.366', 'text': 'through this inscription'}, {'start': '1199.966', 'end': '1200.766', 'text': 'we can get a'}, {'start': '1200.933', 'end': '1203.733', 'text': 'clearer picture of the beginning  The beginning of Srivijaya'}, {'start': '1203.900', 'end': '1204.966', 'text': 'as a great kingdom The'}, {'start': '1205.500', 'end': '1207.066', 'text': 'Kedukan Bukit inscription'}, {'start': '1207.366', 'end': '1209.733', 'text': 'written in Sanskrit with the'}, {'start': '1209.900', 'end': '1210.966', 'text': 'Pallava script records'}, {'start': '1211.100', 'end': '1212.933', 'text': 'important events that occurred during the'}, {'start': '1213.000', 'end': '1213.800', 'text': 'reign of King'}, {'start': '1213.966', 'end': '1215.066', 'text': 'Dapunta Hiyang.'}, {'start': '1215.466', 'end': '1217.966', 'text': 'This king is known as the founder of Srivijaya'}, {'start': '1218.300', 'end': '1219.966', 'text': 'and is a figure who played a'}, {'start': '1220.066', 'end': '1221.066', 'text': 'major role in establishing this'}, {'start': '1221.133', 'end': '1221.933', 'text': 'kingdom.'}, {'start': '1222.366', 'end': '1223.766', 'text': 'In the inscription,'}, {'start': '1224.100', 'end': '1224.966', 'text': 'Dapunta Hyang'}, {'start': '1225.066', 'end': '1225.566', 'text': 'recorded his long'}, {'start': '1225.566', 'end': '1226.500', 'text': 'military journey'}, {'start': '1226.566', 'end': '1227.866', 'text': 'and conquered'}, {'start': '1227.933', 'end': '1229.600', 'text': 'various regions around Sumatra'}, {'start': '1229.700', 'end': '1231.100', 'text': 'and the Malay Peninsula.'}, {'start': '1231.600', 'end': '1233.500', 'text': 'This indicates that Srivijaya'}, {'start': '1233.566', 'end': '1234.666', 'text': 'from the beginning focused on'}, {'start': '1234.733', 'end': '1237.100', 'text': 'expanding its territory and strengthening its power'}, {'start': '1237.166', 'end': '1239.533', 'text': 'to control maritime trade routes.'}, {'start': '1239.866', 'end': '1241.166', 'text': 'In this inscription, it is'}, {'start': '1241.300', 'end': '1242.100', 'text': 'stated that'}, {'start': '1242.166', 'end': '1243.066', 'text': 'Dapunta Hyang'}, {'start': '1243.133', 'end': '1245.366', 'text': 'led a very large army in conquering the'}, {'start': '1245.466', 'end': '1247.100', 'text': 'regions around Palembang'}, {'start': '1247.500', 'end': '1249.266', 'text': 'and succeeded in making Srivijaya'}, {'start': '1249.366', 'end': '1251.366', 'text': 'a strong kingdom with'}, {'start': '1251.466', 'end': '1252.266', 'text': 'great influence.'}, {'start': '1252.733', 'end': '1255.533', 'text': 'This record provides the first evidence that Srivijaya'}, {'start': '1255.800', 'end': '1257.000', 'text': 'was a kingdom that had a well-'}, {'start': '1257.100', 'end': '1258.866', 'text': 'organized military structure'}, {'start': '1259.700', 'end': '1262.700', 'text': 'and territorial expansion was part of the main strategy'}, {'start': '1263.100', 'end': '1264.800', 'text': 'to secure its power. The'}, {'start': '1265.933', 'end': '1268.400', 'text': 'Kedukan Bukit inscription also records the use of the term'}, {'start': '1268.700', 'end': '1270.900', 'text': 'Srivijaya which most likely'}, {'start': '1270.966', 'end': '1273.566', 'text': 'refers to the kingdom founded by Dapunta'}, {'start': '1273.700', 'end': '1275.000', 'text': 'Hiyang. The word'}, {'start': '1275.266', 'end': '1278.800', 'text': 'Srivijaya itself is interpreted as the majesty of'}, {'start': '1278.900', 'end': '1280.733', 'text': 'victory which reflects the'}, {'start': '1280.866', 'end': '1283.300', 'text': 'great ambition of this kingdom to become a'}, {'start': '1283.366', 'end': '1285.400', 'text': 'dominant power in the Southeast Asian region.'}, {'start': '1285.866', 'end': '1288.066', 'text': 'Although not much information can be taken from'}, {'start': '1288.800', 'end': '1291.300', 'text': 'this inscription regarding the social or cultural life of the kingdom,'}, {'start': '1292.166', 'end': '1294.400', 'text': 'this inscription remains very important evidence'}, {'start': '1294.500', 'end': '1296.766', 'text': 'regarding the early existence of Srivijaya.'}, {'start': '1297.200', 'end': '1298.966', 'text': 'Apart from the Kedukan Bukit inscription,'}, {'start': '1299.366', 'end': '1301.666', 'text': 'Srivijaya also left many'}, {'start': '1301.766', 'end': '1304.066', 'text': 'other inscriptions that record important events'}, {'start': '1304.133', 'end': '1305.733', 'text': 'throughout the history of this kingdom.'}, {'start': '1306.366', 'end': '1307.166', 'text': 'For example, the'}, {'start': '1307.500', 'end': '1309.966', 'text': 'Talang Tuo inscription found in Palembang'}, {'start': '1310.300', 'end': '1311.066', 'text': 'also provides'}, {'start': '1311.066', 'end': '1312.000', 'text': 'information about the'}, {'start': '1312.133', 'end': '1314.566', 'text': 'Srivijaya king who ruled in the 7th century'}, {'start': '1314.800', 'end': '1316.100', 'text': 'and the great influence of'}, {'start': '1316.200', 'end': '1317.966', 'text': 'Buddhism in the life of the kingdom.'}, {'start': '1318.600', 'end': '1320.900', 'text': 'This further strengthens the role of Srivijaya'}, {'start': '1320.966', 'end': '1321.700', 'text': 'as an'}, {'start': '1321.700', 'end': '1324.133', 'text': 'important center of Buddhism in Southeast Asia. The'}, {'start': '1324.500', 'end': '1326.666', 'text': 'existence of this inscription'}, {'start': '1326.800', 'end': '1328.566', 'text': 'shows how important writing is'}, {'start': '1328.666', 'end': '1329.966', 'text': 'in strengthening the position of'}, {'start': '1330.100', 'end': '1330.933', 'text': 'a kingdom.'}, {'start': '1331.500', 'end': '1332.666', 'text': 'Through the'}, {'start': '1333.000', 'end': '1335.500', 'text': 'Srivijaya inscription, it not only records its history'}, {'start': '1335.966', 'end': '1338.533', 'text': 'but also shows off its strength and influence'}, {'start': '1338.666', 'end': '1339.600', 'text': 'to the outside world. The'}, {'start': '1340.166', 'end': '1342.333', 'text': 'writing system used in the'}, {'start': '1342.400', 'end': '1343.600', 'text': 'Srivijaya inscription,'}, {'start': '1343.866', 'end': '1346.000', 'text': 'namely the Pallava script, comes'}, {'start': '1346.000', 'end': '1348.300', 'text': 'from India, which shows the'}, {'start': '1348.366', 'end': '1350.000', 'text': 'close cultural and trade relations'}, {'start': '1350.133', 'end': '1351.700', 'text': 'between Srivijaya and India'}, {'start': '1352.333', 'end': '1353.400', 'text': 'in the political context of the'}, {'start': '1354.000', 'end': '1356.100', 'text': 'inscription. This inscription also records'}, {'start': '1356.166', 'end': '1357.766', 'text': "Srivijaya's diplomatic relations"}, {'start': '1357.900', 'end': '1359.800', 'text': 'with other great kingdoms.'}, {'start': '1360.466', 'end': '1363.066', 'text': 'One of them is the relationship between Srivijaya and the'}, {'start': '1363.200', 'end': '1364.066', 'text': 'Tang dynasty in China,'}, {'start': '1364.300', 'end': '1365.466', 'text': 'which is recorded in several'}, {'start': '1365.566', 'end': '1368.100', 'text': 'inscriptions found in the Srivijaya region.'}, {'start': '1368.800', 'end': '1370.866', 'text': 'This relationship is very important.  because it allows'}, {'start': '1370.933', 'end': '1373.166', 'text': 'srivijaya to strengthen its position'}, {'start': '1373.266', 'end': '1375.133', 'text': 'as an international trade center'}, {'start': '1375.366', 'end': '1378.000', 'text': 'and expand its influence in the Asian region'}, {'start': '1378.400', 'end': '1379.500', 'text': 'although'}, {'start': '1379.600', 'end': '1380.600', 'text': 'these inscriptions provide a'}, {'start': '1380.733', 'end': '1382.933', 'text': 'very important picture of srivijaya'}, {'start': '1383.533', 'end': '1385.400', 'text': 'they also leave many unsolved mysteries'}, {'start': '1387.266', 'end': '1388.400', 'text': 'some inscriptions'}, {'start': '1388.800', 'end': '1391.400', 'text': 'for example record that srivijaya'}, {'start': '1391.533', 'end': '1393.333', 'text': 'had relations with'}, {'start': '1393.366', 'end': '1394.266', 'text': 'other larger kingdoms'}, {'start': '1394.733', 'end': '1397.500', 'text': 'but the details are often limited or vague'}, {'start': '1397.933', 'end': '1398.733', 'text': 'therefore'}, {'start': '1399.100', 'end': '1400.200', 'text': 'although'}, {'start': '1400.333', 'end': '1402.900', 'text': 'these inscriptions are very valuable as a source of information'}, {'start': '1403.500', 'end': '1404.533', 'text': 'they cannot provide a'}, {'start': '1404.733', 'end': '1407.000', 'text': 'complete picture of all aspects of life in'}, {'start': '1407.100', 'end': '1409.266', 'text': 'srivijaya however the'}, {'start': '1409.800', 'end': '1411.000', 'text': 'importance of inscriptions'}, {'start': '1411.200', 'end': '1412.200', 'text': 'as written evidence'}, {'start': '1412.300', 'end': '1413.966', 'text': 'cannot be underestimated'}, {'start': '1414.500', 'end': '1415.533', 'text': 'they not only provide'}, {'start': '1415.700', 'end': '1417.966', 'text': 'physical evidence of the existence of this kingdom'}, {'start': '1418.400', 'end': '1419.700', 'text': 'but also reflect'}, {'start': '1419.800', 'end': '1422.066', 'text': 'how this kingdom views itself'}, {'start': '1422.266', 'end': '1422.966', 'text': 'and how'}, {'start': '1422.966', 'end': '1425.566', 'text': 'it wants to be remembered by future generations'}, {'start': '1426.133', 'end': '1427.266', 'text': 'through inscriptions'}, {'start': '1427.600', 'end': '1430.566', 'text': 'srivijaya wrote its history in an eternal form'}, {'start': '1431.066', 'end': '1432.966', 'text': 'that until now we can study'}, {'start': '1433.066', 'end': '1435.733', 'text': 'to understand its glory and influence in the world'}, {'start': '1439.733', 'end': '1442.533', 'text': 'kedukan bukit inscription and early written evidence of'}, {'start': '1442.700', 'end': '1445.500', 'text': 'srivijaya one of the main sources that provides'}, {'start': '1445.666', 'end': '1448.066', 'text': 'early evidence of the existence and greatness of the'}, {'start': '1448.133', 'end': '1449.500', 'text': 'srivijaya kingdom is the'}, {'start': '1449.600', 'end': '1452.133', 'text': 'kedukan bukit inscription found near the'}, {'start': '1452.266', 'end': '1453.666', 'text': 'musi river Palembang'}, {'start': '1453.933', 'end': '1454.933', 'text': 'South Sumatra'}, {'start': '1455.500', 'end': '1459.866', 'text': 'this inscription which is estimated to date from 683 AD'}, {'start': '1460.166', 'end': '1462.533', 'text': 'not only functions as a source of information about'}, {'start': '1462.600', 'end': '1464.166', 'text': 'srivijaya but'}, {'start': '1464.166', 'end': '1465.500', 'text': 'also illustrates the importance of the'}, {'start': '1465.566', 'end': '1467.900', 'text': 'writing system in strengthening the legitimacy of'}, {'start': '1467.966', 'end': '1468.766', 'text': 'this kingdom'}, {'start': '1469.166', 'end': '1470.533', 'text': 'through this inscription'}, {'start': '1471.133', 'end': '1471.933', 'text': 'we can get a'}, {'start': '1472.100', 'end': '1474.900', 'text': 'clearer picture of the beginning of srivijaya'}, {'start': '1475.066', 'end': '1476.166', 'text': 'as a great kingdom the'}, {'start': '1476.666', 'end': '1478.266', 'text': 'kedukan bukit inscription'}, {'start': '1478.500', 'end': '1480.900', 'text': 'written in Sanskrit with the'}, {'start': '1481.066', 'end': '1482.133', 'text': 'palawa script records'}, {'start': '1482.266', 'end': '1484.100', 'text': 'important events that occurred during the'}, {'start': '1484.166', 'end': '1484.966', 'text': 'reign of king'}, {'start': '1485.133', 'end': '1486.200', 'text': 'dapunta hiyang'}, {'start': '1486.600', 'end': '1489.133', 'text': 'this king is known as the founder of srivijaya'}, {'start': '1489.466', 'end': '1490.133', 'text': 'and is a'}, {'start': '1490.133', 'end': '1492.200', 'text': 'figure who played a major role in establishing this'}, {'start': '1492.300', 'end': '1493.100', 'text': 'kingdom'}, {'start': '1493.533', 'end': '1494.966', 'text': 'in the inscription'}, {'start': '1495.266', 'end': '1496.133', 'text': 'dapunta hyang'}, {'start': '1496.200', 'end': '1497.700', 'text': 'records his long military journey'}, {'start': '1497.766', 'end': '1499.766', 'text': 'and conquered various regions'}, {'start': '1499.866', 'end': '1500.766', 'text': 'around Sumatra'}, {'start': '1500.866', 'end': '1502.266', 'text': 'and the Malay Peninsula'}, {'start': '1502.766', 'end': '1504.666', 'text': 'this indicates that srivijaya'}, {'start': '1504.766', 'end': '1505.800', 'text': 'from the beginning focused on'}, {'start': '1505.933', 'end': '1508.266', 'text': 'territorial expansion and strengthening power'}, {'start': '1508.333', 'end': '1509.133', 'text': 'to control'}, {'start': '1509.200', 'end': '1510.700', 'text': 'maritime trade routes'}, {'start': '1511.000', 'end': '1512.333', 'text': 'in this inscription it is'}, {'start': '1512.466', 'end': '1513.266', 'text': 'stated that'}, {'start': '1513.333', 'end': '1514.666', 'text': 'dapunta hyang led a'}, {'start': '1514.733', 'end': '1516.533', 'text': 'very large army in conquering the'}, {'start': '1516.600', 'end': '1518.266', 'text': 'regions around Palembang'}, {'start': '1518.666', 'end': '1520.400', 'text': 'and succeeded in making srivijaya'}, {'start': '1520.533', 'end': '1523.100', 'text': 'a strong kingdom and had'}, {'start': '1523.166', 'end': '1523.900', 'text': 'great influence'}, {'start': '1523.900', 'end': '1526.700', 'text': 'this record provides the first evidence that srivijaya'}, {'start': '1527.000', 'end': '1528.200', 'text': 'was a kingdom that had a well-'}, {'start': '1528.300', 'end': '1530.066', 'text': 'organized military structure'}, {'start': '1530.866', 'end': '1533.866', 'text': 'and territorial expansion was part of the main strategy'}, {'start': '1534.266', 'end': '1535.966', 'text': 'to secure its power the'}, {'start': '1537.100', 'end': '1539.566', 'text': 'kedukan bukit inscription also records the use of the term'}, {'start': '1539.866', 'end': '1542.100', 'text': 'srivijaya which most likely'}, {'start': '1542.133', 'end': '1544.066', 'text': 'refers to the kingdom founded by'}, {'start': '1544.166', 'end': '1545.333', 'text': 'dapunta  The'}, {'start': '1545.766', 'end': '1547.133', 'text': 'word sriwijaya'}, {'start': '1547.733', 'end': '1549.966', 'text': 'itself is interpreted as the greatness of'}, {'start': '1550.066', 'end': '1551.900', 'text': 'victory which reflects the'}, {'start': '1552.000', 'end': '1554.466', 'text': 'great ambition of this kingdom to become a'}, {'start': '1554.533', 'end': '1555.533', 'text': 'dominant power in the'}, {'start': '1555.666', 'end': '1556.566', 'text': 'Southeast Asian region,'}, {'start': '1557.066', 'end': '1559.200', 'text': 'although not much information can be taken from'}, {'start': '1560.000', 'end': '1562.466', 'text': 'this inscription regarding the social or cultural life of the kingdom,'}, {'start': '1562.966', 'end': '1563.333', 'text': 'but'}, {'start': '1563.333', 'end': '1565.566', 'text': 'this inscription remains very important evidence'}, {'start': '1565.666', 'end': '1567.933', 'text': 'regarding the early existence of sriwijaya.'}, {'start': '1568.366', 'end': '1570.166', 'text': 'Apart from the Kedukan Bukit inscription,'}, {'start': '1570.533', 'end': '1572.800', 'text': 'sriwijaya also left many'}, {'start': '1572.933', 'end': '1575.200', 'text': 'other inscriptions that record important events'}, {'start': '1575.300', 'end': '1576.666', 'text': 'throughout the history of'}, {'start': '1576.666', 'end': '1578.200', 'text': 'this kingdom, for example the'}, {'start': '1578.666', 'end': '1581.133', 'text': 'Talang Tuo inscription found in Palembang'}, {'start': '1581.466', 'end': '1582.200', 'text': 'also provides'}, {'start': '1582.200', 'end': '1583.166', 'text': 'information about the king of'}, {'start': '1583.300', 'end': '1585.733', 'text': 'sriwijaya who ruled in the 7th century'}, {'start': '1585.966', 'end': '1587.266', 'text': 'and the great influence of'}, {'start': '1587.366', 'end': '1589.133', 'text': 'Buddhism in the life of the kingdom.'}, {'start': '1589.766', 'end': '1592.066', 'text': 'This further strengthens the role of sriwijaya'}, {'start': '1592.133', 'end': '1594.300', 'text': 'as an important center of Buddhism in'}, {'start': '1594.366', 'end': '1595.300', 'text': 'Southeast Asia. The'}, {'start': '1595.666', 'end': '1597.800', 'text': 'existence of this inscription'}, {'start': '1597.966', 'end': '1598.766', 'text': 'shows how'}, {'start': '1598.866', 'end': '1601.166', 'text': 'important writing is in strengthening the position of'}, {'start': '1601.266', 'end': '1602.100', 'text': 'a kingdom'}, {'start': '1602.666', 'end': '1603.800', 'text': 'through the'}, {'start': '1604.200', 'end': '1606.666', 'text': 'sriwijaya inscription, not only recording its history'}, {'start': '1607.133', 'end': '1609.700', 'text': 'but also showing off its strength and influence'}, {'start': '1609.800', 'end': '1610.766', 'text': 'to the outside world. The'}, {'start': '1611.333', 'end': '1613.500', 'text': 'writing system used in the inscription, the'}, {'start': '1613.566', 'end': '1614.766', 'text': 'sriwijaya inscription,'}, {'start': '1615.000', 'end': '1616.500', 'text': 'namely the Palawa script,'}, {'start': '1616.800', 'end': '1617.766', 'text': 'comes from India,'}, {'start': '1618.100', 'end': '1618.866', 'text': 'which shows the'}, {'start': '1618.866', 'end': '1621.166', 'text': 'close cultural and trade relations'}, {'start': '1621.300', 'end': '1622.866', 'text': 'between sriwijaya and India'}, {'start': '1623.500', 'end': '1624.600', 'text': 'in the political context of the'}, {'start': '1625.166', 'end': '1626.300', 'text': 'inscription.'}, {'start': '1626.366', 'end': '1628.933', 'text': "This inscription also records sriwijaya's diplomatic relations"}, {'start': '1629.066', 'end': '1630.966', 'text': 'with other major kingdoms,'}, {'start': '1631.600', 'end': '1634.200', 'text': 'one of which is  is the relationship between Srivijaya and the'}, {'start': '1634.366', 'end': '1635.200', 'text': 'Tang dynasty in China'}, {'start': '1635.466', 'end': '1637.300', 'text': 'recorded in several inscriptions'}, {'start': '1637.366', 'end': '1639.300', 'text': 'found in the Srivijaya region'}, {'start': '1639.966', 'end': '1642.000', 'text': 'this relationship is very important because it allows'}, {'start': '1642.133', 'end': '1644.333', 'text': 'Srivijaya to strengthen its position'}, {'start': '1644.400', 'end': '1646.300', 'text': 'as an international trade center'}, {'start': '1646.566', 'end': '1649.166', 'text': 'and expand its influence in the Asian region'}, {'start': '1649.600', 'end': '1650.666', 'text': 'although'}, {'start': '1650.766', 'end': '1651.766', 'text': 'these inscriptions provide a'}, {'start': '1651.900', 'end': '1654.133', 'text': 'very important picture of Srivijaya'}, {'start': '1654.700', 'end': '1656.566', 'text': 'they also leave many unsolved mysteries'}, {'start': '1658.400', 'end': '1659.566', 'text': 'some inscriptions'}, {'start': '1659.966', 'end': '1662.566', 'text': 'for example record that Srivijaya'}, {'start': '1662.733', 'end': '1664.500', 'text': 'had relations with'}, {'start': '1664.533', 'end': '1665.400', 'text': 'other larger kingdoms'}, {'start': '1665.900', 'end': '1668.600', 'text': 'but the details are often limited or vague'}, {'start': '1669.066', 'end': '1669.933', 'text': 'therefore'}, {'start': '1670.266', 'end': '1670.800', 'text': 'although'}, {'start': '1670.800', 'end': '1673.500', 'text': 'these inscriptions are very valuable as a source of'}, {'start': '1673.666', 'end': '1675.700', 'text': 'information they cannot provide a'}, {'start': '1675.900', 'end': '1676.700', 'text': 'complete picture'}, {'start': '1676.733', 'end': '1679.100', 'text': 'of all aspects of life in Srivijaya'}, {'start': '1679.600', 'end': '1680.466', 'text': 'however the'}, {'start': '1680.900', 'end': '1682.166', 'text': 'importance of inscriptions'}, {'start': '1682.366', 'end': '1683.366', 'text': 'as written evidence'}, {'start': '1683.466', 'end': '1685.166', 'text': 'cannot be underestimated'}, {'start': '1685.666', 'end': '1686.700', 'text': 'they not only provide'}, {'start': '1686.866', 'end': '1689.166', 'text': 'physical evidence of the existence of this kingdom'}, {'start': '1689.566', 'end': '1691.200', 'text': 'but also reflect how'}, {'start': '1691.333', 'end': '1693.666', 'text': 'this kingdom views itself and'}, {'start': '1693.666', 'end': '1694.133', 'text': 'how'}, {'start': '1694.133', 'end': '1696.733', 'text': 'it wants to be remembered by future generations'}, {'start': '1697.300', 'end': '1698.366', 'text': 'through inscriptions'}, {'start': '1698.800', 'end': '1701.766', 'text': 'Srivijaya wrote its history in an eternal form'}, {'start': '1702.200', 'end': '1704.133', 'text': 'that until now we can study'}, {'start': '1704.200', 'end': '1706.900', 'text': 'to understand its glory and influence in the world the'}, {'start': '1710.866', 'end': '1713.100', 'text': 'fall of the Srivijaya kingdom'}, {'start': '1713.733', 'end': '1714.533', 'text': 'although the'}, {'start': '1714.666', 'end': '1717.100', 'text': 'Srivijaya kingdom had reached the peak of its glory'}, {'start': '1717.566', 'end': '1719.966', 'text': 'no kingdom could last forever'}, {'start': '1720.566', 'end': '1721.366', 'text': 'in the end'}, {'start': '1721.766', 'end': '1724.066', 'text': 'Srivijaya experienced a decline in power'}, {'start': '1724.100', 'end': '1725.866', 'text': 'influenced by various factors  The'}, {'start': '1726.000', 'end': '1727.366', 'text': 'internal and external'}, {'start': '1727.800', 'end': '1729.100', 'text': 'fall of Srivijaya'}, {'start': '1729.166', 'end': '1731.200', 'text': 'is one of the great mysteries in'}, {'start': '1731.333', 'end': '1732.166', 'text': 'Southeast Asian history'}, {'start': '1732.500', 'end': '1734.300', 'text': 'and although there is much speculation the'}, {'start': '1734.766', 'end': '1736.566', 'text': 'exact reasons behind its collapse'}, {'start': '1736.700', 'end': '1738.066', 'text': 'remain a matter of debate'}, {'start': '1738.200', 'end': '1739.000', 'text': 'to this day'}, {'start': '1739.666', 'end': '1741.733', 'text': 'there are some key factors'}, {'start': '1741.800', 'end': '1743.400', 'text': 'that can help us understand'}, {'start': '1743.533', 'end': '1745.800', 'text': 'why this great empire eventually'}, {'start': '1745.966', 'end': '1747.133', 'text': 'declined'}, {'start': '1747.666', 'end': '1749.900', 'text': 'one of the main factors that caused the fall of'}, {'start': '1749.966', 'end': '1752.766', 'text': 'Srivijaya was the attack from outside kingdoms'}, {'start': '1753.200', 'end': '1754.500', 'text': 'especially from the Cola kingdom'}, {'start': '1754.866', 'end': '1755.866', 'text': 'in southern India'}, {'start': '1756.300', 'end': '1757.966', 'text': 'in 1025 AD'}, {'start': '1758.200', 'end': '1759.166', 'text': 'King Rajendra'}, {'start': '1759.333', 'end': '1760.666', 'text': 'Colai of the Cola kingdom'}, {'start': '1760.733', 'end': '1763.466', 'text': 'launched a massive attack on the Srivijaya region'}, {'start': '1763.866', 'end': '1765.066', 'text': 'especially to Palembang'}, {'start': '1765.266', 'end': '1766.700', 'text': 'the capital of Srivijaya'}, {'start': '1767.300', 'end': '1768.566', 'text': 'this attack occurred after'}, {'start': '1768.700', 'end': '1771.200', 'text': 'Srivijaya became a threat to the Cola kingdom'}, {'start': '1771.466', 'end': '1774.000', 'text': 'in terms of control of the very important maritime trade route'}, {'start': '1775.500', 'end': '1776.700', 'text': 'Rajendra Cola'}, {'start': '1776.900', 'end': '1778.700', 'text': 'with his strong navy'}, {'start': '1778.866', 'end': '1781.700', 'text': 'managed to damage the power of Srivijaya in the region'}, {'start': '1782.066', 'end': '1783.600', 'text': 'although he did not succeed in completely'}, {'start': '1783.700', 'end': '1785.166', 'text': 'destroying this kingdom'}, {'start': '1785.733', 'end': '1786.733', 'text': 'although Srivijaya'}, {'start': '1786.800', 'end': '1788.300', 'text': 'was able to recover for some time'}, {'start': '1788.333', 'end': '1789.500', 'text': 'after the attack this'}, {'start': '1789.800', 'end': '1790.600', 'text': 'Cola attack'}, {'start': '1790.700', 'end': '1792.400', 'text': 'had a major impact on the'}, {'start': '1792.500', 'end': '1794.133', 'text': 'political and economic power of the kingdom'}, {'start': '1794.766', 'end': '1797.366', 'text': 'this attack showed that although Srivijaya'}, {'start': '1797.500', 'end': '1798.766', 'text': 'had extraordinary maritime power'}, {'start': '1800.100', 'end': '1800.966', 'text': 'they were also vulnerable'}, {'start': '1801.100', 'end': '1803.133', 'text': 'to attacks from other great kingdoms'}, {'start': '1803.600', 'end': '1806.200', 'text': 'losing control of several important areas'}, {'start': '1806.500', 'end': '1808.300', 'text': 'including the main trade route'}, {'start': '1808.733', 'end': '1810.600', 'text': 'was a turning point that marked the beginning of the'}, {'start': '1810.666', 'end': '1812.500', 'text': "decline  Srivijaya's strength"}, {'start': '1812.966', 'end': '1814.400', 'text': 'in addition to external attacks,'}, {'start': '1814.866', 'end': '1818.133', 'text': 'internal factors also played a role in the downfall of Srivijaya.'}, {'start': '1818.700', 'end': '1819.500', 'text': 'One'}, {'start': '1819.600', 'end': '1820.766', 'text': 'significant internal factor'}, {'start': '1820.866', 'end': '1822.533', 'text': 'was the internal disputes and conflicts'}, {'start': '1822.666', 'end': '1824.700', 'text': 'that emerged within the kingdom'}, {'start': '1825.266', 'end': '1826.800', 'text': 'over time.'}, {'start': '1827.300', 'end': '1828.100', 'text': 'Srivijaya'}, {'start': '1828.166', 'end': '1830.600', 'text': 'began to experience political divisions among the'}, {'start': '1830.733', 'end': '1833.800', 'text': 'royal elite. The struggle for power within the royal family'}, {'start': '1833.900', 'end': '1836.866', 'text': 'and political instability caused this kingdom to'}, {'start': '1837.066', 'end': '1838.333', 'text': 'become more easily attacked'}, {'start': '1838.466', 'end': '1840.133', 'text': 'and more difficult to defend.'}, {'start': '1840.866', 'end': '1843.733', 'text': 'In addition, changes in trade routes'}, {'start': '1843.800', 'end': '1846.466', 'text': 'also contributed to the decline of Srivijaya'}, {'start': '1846.933', 'end': '1848.066', 'text': 'along with the emergence of'}, {'start': '1848.100', 'end': '1850.500', 'text': 'new strong kingdoms in Southeast Asia'}, {'start': '1850.733', 'end': '1852.700', 'text': 'such as Majapahit and Singosari.'}, {'start': '1853.133', 'end': '1854.333', 'text': 'Trade routes previously'}, {'start': '1854.400', 'end': '1855.800', 'text': 'controlled by Srivijaya'}, {'start': '1855.900', 'end': '1857.466', 'text': 'began to shift to other kingdoms. The'}, {'start': '1857.933', 'end': '1861.166', 'text': 'Majapahit kingdom, which was founded in the 13th century,'}, {'start': '1861.666', 'end': '1863.666', 'text': 'became one of the great powers that diverted'}, {'start': '1863.733', 'end': '1864.666', 'text': 'maritime trade'}, {'start': '1864.766', 'end': '1865.966', 'text': 'in the Southeast Asian region. It'}, {'start': '1866.266', 'end': '1867.800', 'text': "reduced Srivijaya's role"}, {'start': '1867.933', 'end': '1870.266', 'text': 'as the main trading center in this region.'}, {'start': '1870.866', 'end': '1872.366', 'text': 'Srivijaya also faced'}, {'start': '1872.466', 'end': '1874.766', 'text': 'problems from competition with'}, {'start': '1874.866', 'end': '1876.700', 'text': 'other kingdoms that began to strengthen themselves'}, {'start': '1877.200', 'end': '1878.800', 'text': 'after the fall of Srivijaya. The'}, {'start': '1879.066', 'end': '1881.733', 'text': 'Majapahit kingdom located in Java'}, {'start': '1882.100', 'end': '1884.600', 'text': 'emerged as a dominant power in Southeast Asia,'}, {'start': '1884.800', 'end': '1886.200', 'text': 'taking over the role previously'}, {'start': '1886.300', 'end': '1887.566', 'text': 'played by Srivijaya'}, {'start': '1887.666', 'end': '1888.466', 'text': 'in trade'}, {'start': '1888.466', 'end': '1890.300', 'text': 'and political influence in the region.'}, {'start': '1891.333', 'end': '1893.900', 'text': "Majapahit's success in expanding its power and controlling  The"}, {'start': '1893.966', 'end': '1894.900', 'text': 'trade routes'}, {'start': '1895.300', 'end': '1897.800', 'text': 'that were once under the control of Srivijaya'}, {'start': '1898.166', 'end': '1900.400', 'text': 'worsened the condition of this kingdom.'}, {'start': '1900.966', 'end': '1901.766', 'text': 'In addition,'}, {'start': '1902.200', 'end': '1905.333', 'text': 'religious factors also influenced the decline of Srivijaya.'}, {'start': '1905.866', 'end': '1906.666', 'text': 'Although'}, {'start': '1906.700', 'end': '1909.066', 'text': 'Buddhism remained an integral part of'}, {'start': '1909.133', 'end': '1912.266', 'text': 'Srivijaya culture, in the 12th and 13th centuries'}, {'start': '1912.700', 'end': '1914.933', 'text': 'Islam began to spread in Southeast Asia,'}, {'start': '1915.166', 'end': '1917.933', 'text': 'including in the Sumatra region and the Malay Peninsula. The'}, {'start': '1918.333', 'end': '1919.766', 'text': 'spread of Islam'}, {'start': '1920.000', 'end': '1922.300', 'text': 'brought by Arab and Persian traders'}, {'start': '1922.700', 'end': '1924.900', 'text': 'began to replace Buddhism in several'}, {'start': '1924.933', 'end': '1927.100', 'text': 'areas that were previously the center of'}, {'start': '1927.266', 'end': '1930.500', 'text': "Srivijaya's power. New Islamic kingdoms"}, {'start': '1930.933', 'end': '1932.400', 'text': 'such as the Malacca Sultanate'}, {'start': '1932.900', 'end': '1933.966', 'text': 'began to replace'}, {'start': '1934.100', 'end': '1937.000', 'text': "Srivijaya's role in terms of trade and overall cultural influence. A"}, {'start': '1938.933', 'end': '1940.700', 'text': 'combination of external attacks,'}, {'start': '1940.966', 'end': '1942.400', 'text': 'internal instability,'}, {'start': '1942.700', 'end': '1944.366', 'text': 'changes in trade routes'}, {'start': '1944.700', 'end': '1945.500', 'text': 'and the emergence of'}, {'start': '1945.500', 'end': '1947.200', 'text': 'new, stronger kingdoms'}, {'start': '1947.266', 'end': '1949.200', 'text': 'led to the collapse of Srivijaya'}, {'start': '1949.600', 'end': '1950.866', 'text': 'in the 13th century.'}, {'start': '1951.133', 'end': '1952.066', 'text': 'The center of'}, {'start': '1952.133', 'end': '1953.300', 'text': "Srivijaya's power slowly"}, {'start': '1953.366', 'end': '1954.166', 'text': 'moved from Palembang'}, {'start': '1954.200', 'end': '1956.300', 'text': 'to other, more dominant kingdoms,'}, {'start': '1956.700', 'end': '1957.500', 'text': 'and finally'}, {'start': '1957.866', 'end': '1959.533', 'text': 'Srivijaya lost its'}, {'start': '1959.600', 'end': '1960.566', 'text': 'once very large influence in'}, {'start': '1960.700', 'end': '1961.600', 'text': 'Southeast Asia.'}, {'start': '1962.133', 'end': '1962.766', 'text': 'However,'}, {'start': '1962.766', 'end': '1965.566', 'text': 'even though Srivijaya collapsed as a political kingdom, the'}, {'start': '1965.900', 'end': '1966.900', 'text': 'cultural'}, {'start': '1966.933', 'end': '1968.266', 'text': 'and religious heritage left'}, {'start': '1968.333', 'end': '1970.066', 'text': 'by this kingdom survived.'}, {'start': '1970.566', 'end': '1971.533', 'text': 'Buddhism,'}, {'start': '1971.866', 'end': '1973.400', 'text': 'especially the Mahayana sect,'}, {'start': '1973.733', 'end': '1975.400', 'text': 'continued to develop in Southeast Asia'}, {'start': '1975.733', 'end': '1977.600', 'text': 'and many aspects of culture  Srivijaya'}, {'start': '1977.700', 'end': '1979.166', 'text': 'which remains alive in the culture of its'}, {'start': '1979.300', 'end': '1980.866', 'text': 'successor kingdoms'}, {'start': '1981.300', 'end': '1982.100', 'text': 'in this case'}, {'start': '1982.466', 'end': '1984.666', 'text': 'even though Srivijaya no longer exists as a'}, {'start': '1984.800', 'end': '1985.766', 'text': 'political entity'}, {'start': '1986.133', 'end': '1988.966', 'text': 'its influence is still felt in the history of this region the'}, {'start': '1989.366', 'end': '1990.666', 'text': 'collapse of Srivijaya'}, {'start': '1990.766', 'end': '1992.500', 'text': 'is an important lesson in history'}, {'start': '1992.566', 'end': '1993.300', 'text': 'about how'}, {'start': '1993.300', 'end': '1995.333', 'text': 'even a great kingdom can fall'}, {'start': '1995.666', 'end': '1998.466', 'text': 'due to various internal and external factors'}, {'start': '1999.000', 'end': '2000.400', 'text': 'Srivijaya is still remembered'}, {'start': '2000.533', 'end': '2001.133', 'text': 'as one of the'}, {'start': '2001.133', 'end': '2002.800', 'text': 'most influential kingdoms in the history of'}, {'start': '2002.933', 'end': '2003.800', 'text': 'Southeast Asia'}, {'start': '2004.100', 'end': '2006.466', 'text': 'with an eternal legacy in the fields of religion,'}, {'start': '2006.700', 'end': '2008.800', 'text': 'culture and trade the'}, {'start': '2012.933', 'end': '2015.566', 'text': 'cultural and religious heritage of Srivijaya'}, {'start': '2016.166', 'end': '2017.666', 'text': 'although the Srivijaya kingdom'}, {'start': '2017.700', 'end': '2020.533', 'text': 'fell in the 12th and 13th centuries the'}, {'start': '2021.000', 'end': '2023.066', 'text': 'cultural and religious heritage left behind by'}, {'start': '2023.133', 'end': '2024.966', 'text': 'this kingdom not only lasted a long time'}, {'start': '2025.400', 'end': '2028.366', 'text': 'but also formed the basis of civilization in Southeast Asia the'}, {'start': '2028.733', 'end': '2031.666', 'text': 'legacy of Srivijaya can be seen from various aspects'}, {'start': '2032.100', 'end': '2033.100', 'text': 'ranging from religion,'}, {'start': '2033.500', 'end': '2035.166', 'text': 'art, architecture'}, {'start': '2035.466', 'end': '2037.766', 'text': 'to its influence in maritime trade'}, {'start': '2038.200', 'end': '2039.000', 'text': 'this kingdom'}, {'start': '2039.400', 'end': '2040.400', 'text': 'although it collapsed'}, {'start': '2040.733', 'end': '2041.400', 'text': 'left a'}, {'start': '2041.400', 'end': '2042.733', 'text': 'very deep mark'}, {'start': '2042.766', 'end': '2044.600', 'text': 'on the history and cultural development of'}, {'start': '2044.700', 'end': '2045.500', 'text': 'this region'}, {'start': '2045.866', 'end': '2047.200', 'text': 'one of the greatest legacies'}, {'start': '2047.200', 'end': '2048.766', 'text': 'left by Srivijaya'}, {'start': '2049.000', 'end': '2050.566', 'text': 'is the influence of Buddhism'}, {'start': '2051.000', 'end': '2053.133', 'text': 'especially the teachings of Mahayana Buddhism'}, {'start': '2053.566', 'end': '2054.900', 'text': 'at the peak of its glory'}, {'start': '2055.400', 'end': '2058.100', 'text': 'Srivijaya was known as the'}, {'start': '2058.200', 'end': '2060.266', 'text': 'largest center of Buddhist learning in Southeast Asia'}, {'start': '2060.666', 'end': '2062.533', 'text': 'this kingdom invited many monks'}, {'start': '2062.666', 'end': '2063.600', 'text': 'from various regions'}, {'start': '2064.000', 'end': '2065.366', 'text': 'including India and China'}, {'start': '2065.866', 'end': '2068.133', 'text': 'to come and spread the teachings of Buddhism'}, {'start': '2068.700', 'end': '2070.166', 'text': 'one of the centers  The'}, {'start': '2070.300', 'end': '2071.800', 'text': 'famous Buddhist religious learning is the Buddhist'}, {'start': '2071.933', 'end': '2073.500', 'text': 'monastery in Muara Takus'}, {'start': '2073.866', 'end': '2076.333', 'text': 'which became a training ground for Buddhist monks'}, {'start': '2076.400', 'end': '2077.200', 'text': 'from all over'}, {'start': '2077.333', 'end': '2078.200', 'text': 'Southeast Asia.'}, {'start': '2078.766', 'end': '2081.000', 'text': 'In addition, the Borobudur temple'}, {'start': '2081.266', 'end': '2082.666', 'text': 'located in Central Java'}, {'start': '2083.000', 'end': '2083.400', 'text': 'is'}, {'start': '2083.400', 'end': '2085.266', 'text': 'one of the great relics that connects'}, {'start': '2085.366', 'end': '2087.733', 'text': 'Srivijaya with the development of Buddhism'}, {'start': '2087.933', 'end': '2088.733', 'text': 'in Indonesia.'}, {'start': '2089.066', 'end': '2089.533', 'text': 'Although'}, {'start': '2089.533', 'end': '2091.866', 'text': 'this temple was built during the reign of the'}, {'start': '2092.000', 'end': '2093.133', 'text': 'Sailendra dynasty in Java, the'}, {'start': '2093.366', 'end': '2094.166', 'text': 'close relationship'}, {'start': '2094.266', 'end': '2096.900', 'text': 'between Sailendra and Srivijaya in terms of culture'}, {'start': '2097.000', 'end': '2098.200', 'text': 'and religion is very clear.'}, {'start': '2098.900', 'end': '2101.300', 'text': 'Borobudur, which is considered one of the'}, {'start': '2101.400', 'end': '2103.166', 'text': 'largest Buddhist monuments in the world,'}, {'start': '2103.466', 'end': '2105.300', 'text': 'indicates the strong influence of Srivijaya'}, {'start': '2105.366', 'end': '2107.766', 'text': 'in the spread of Mahayana Buddhism in'}, {'start': '2107.900', 'end': '2108.800', 'text': 'Southeast Asia.'}, {'start': '2109.266', 'end': '2111.400', 'text': 'This temple with carvings and'}, {'start': '2111.533', 'end': '2114.000', 'text': 'reliefs depicting Buddhist teachings'}, {'start': '2114.466', 'end': '2116.966', 'text': 'is a symbol of the spiritual heritage left by'}, {'start': '2117.100', 'end': '2119.366', 'text': 'Srivijaya. In addition to religion, the'}, {'start': '2119.900', 'end': '2121.200', 'text': 'legacy of Srivijaya is'}, {'start': '2121.333', 'end': '2123.900', 'text': 'also seen in the fields of art and architecture.'}, {'start': '2124.400', 'end': '2126.333', 'text': 'Srivijaya is known for its sophisticated'}, {'start': '2126.400', 'end': '2128.666', 'text': 'architecture inspired by'}, {'start': '2128.766', 'end': '2129.866', 'text': 'Indian and local traditions.'}, {'start': '2130.500', 'end': '2133.133', 'text': 'One example is the Muara Takus temple'}, {'start': '2133.400', 'end': '2135.700', 'text': 'which is thought to be a'}, {'start': '2135.800', 'end': '2137.766', 'text': 'very important religious site during the Srivijaya era.'}, {'start': '2138.400', 'end': '2139.766', 'text': 'In addition, the'}, {'start': '2139.866', 'end': '2141.866', 'text': 'building structures and statues found at various'}, {'start': '2141.933', 'end': '2144.333', 'text': 'archaeological sites related to Srivijaya'}, {'start': '2144.733', 'end': '2146.166', 'text': 'such as in  Palembang and Jambi'}, {'start': '2146.600', 'end': '2148.733', 'text': 'show high quality art and'}, {'start': '2148.800', 'end': '2150.700', 'text': 'Indian influence in the form of carvings and reliefs'}, {'start': '2150.800', 'end': '2151.666', 'text': 'depicting'}, {'start': '2151.733', 'end': '2153.166', 'text': 'Hindu gods and Buddhas.'}, {'start': '2153.600', 'end': '2155.966', 'text': 'Srivijaya is also known as a maritime trade center'}, {'start': '2156.100', 'end': '2157.600', 'text': 'connecting various'}, {'start': '2157.666', 'end': '2158.666', 'text': 'regions in Asia'}, {'start': '2159.100', 'end': '2160.866', 'text': 'from India to China and'}, {'start': '2161.200', 'end': '2162.866', 'text': 'even to East Africa.'}, {'start': '2163.266', 'end': '2165.566', 'text': "Srivijaya's presence on"}, {'start': '2165.666', 'end': '2168.733', 'text': 'this international trade route contributed to a very significant cultural exchange.'}, {'start': '2170.533', 'end': '2172.300', 'text': 'Products such as spices,'}, {'start': '2172.600', 'end': '2174.400', 'text': 'textiles and luxury goods were'}, {'start': '2174.500', 'end': '2177.133', 'text': "traded in Srivijaya's ports,"}, {'start': '2177.400', 'end': '2180.000', 'text': 'making it a very strong economic center.'}, {'start': '2180.533', 'end': '2181.566', 'text': 'This allowed the'}, {'start': '2181.666', 'end': '2183.933', 'text': 'kingdom to not only be a link'}, {'start': '2184.000', 'end': '2185.133', 'text': 'between the East and the West'}, {'start': '2185.700', 'end': '2187.766', 'text': 'but also create an environment rich'}, {'start': '2187.866', 'end': '2189.500', 'text': 'in cultural diversity.'}, {'start': '2189.900', 'end': '2192.466', 'text': 'Although Srivijaya had lost its power'}, {'start': '2192.600', 'end': '2194.000', 'text': 'as a political kingdom, the'}, {'start': '2194.366', 'end': '2195.300', 'text': 'impact of the'}, {'start': '2195.366', 'end': '2197.566', 'text': 'port and trade system controlled by'}, {'start': '2197.600', 'end': '2199.366', 'text': 'Srivijaya continued to survive for a long time.'}, {'start': '2199.966', 'end': '2201.966', 'text': 'Many ports along the coast of Sumatra'}, {'start': '2202.000', 'end': '2203.200', 'text': 'and the Malay Peninsula'}, {'start': '2203.333', 'end': '2205.400', 'text': 'later became major trade centers'}, {'start': '2205.500', 'end': '2206.500', 'text': 'that continued'}, {'start': '2206.666', 'end': '2209.166', 'text': "Srivijaya's role in maritime trade routes. The"}, {'start': '2209.500', 'end': '2210.966', 'text': 'trade in spices,'}, {'start': '2211.166', 'end': '2214.100', 'text': 'seafood and other goods continued to grow'}, {'start': '2214.166', 'end': '2214.600', 'text': 'and became the'}, {'start': '2214.600', 'end': '2217.366', 'text': 'main resource for the kingdoms that emerged'}, {'start': '2217.466', 'end': '2218.666', 'text': 'after Srivijaya.'}, {'start': '2219.266', 'end': '2221.566', 'text': 'In addition, the influence of Srivijaya can'}, {'start': '2221.700', 'end': '2223.366', 'text': 'also be seen in the development of the language'}, {'start': '2223.533', 'end': '2225.933', 'text': 'and script of the Palawa script.'}, {'start': '2226.200', 'end': '2227.866', 'text': 'used by srivijaya'}, {'start': '2228.366', 'end': '2229.800', 'text': 'then became the basis for many'}, {'start': '2229.900', 'end': '2231.266', 'text': 'scripts used in the'}, {'start': '2231.366', 'end': '2232.266', 'text': 'southeast asian region'}, {'start': '2232.566', 'end': '2233.000', 'text': 'including the'}, {'start': '2233.000', 'end': '2235.300', 'text': 'script used in kingdoms such as'}, {'start': '2235.366', 'end': '2236.966', 'text': 'kediri singosari'}, {'start': '2237.166', 'end': '2238.333', 'text': 'and majapahit the'}, {'start': '2238.600', 'end': '2239.933', 'text': 'sanskrit language'}, {'start': '2240.166', 'end': '2242.933', 'text': 'used in inscriptions and religious texts'}, {'start': '2243.300', 'end': '2245.100', 'text': 'also had a major influence on the'}, {'start': '2245.166', 'end': '2246.300', 'text': 'languages \u200b\u200bin this region'}, {'start': '2246.733', 'end': '2248.333', 'text': 'which later developed into the'}, {'start': '2248.400', 'end': '2249.300', 'text': 'malay language and'}, {'start': '2249.400', 'end': '2251.200', 'text': 'other languages \u200b\u200bin southeast asia'}, {'start': '2251.733', 'end': '2252.700', 'text': 'as a whole'}, {'start': '2252.966', 'end': '2255.200', 'text': 'although srivijaya experienced the downfall the'}, {'start': '2255.500', 'end': '2257.566', 'text': 'cultural and religious heritage left behind by'}, {'start': '2257.666', 'end': '2259.866', 'text': 'this kingdom not only influenced the development of'}, {'start': '2259.900', 'end': '2260.700', 'text': 'indonesian culture'}, {'start': '2261.200', 'end': '2263.533', 'text': 'but also had a much wider impact'}, {'start': '2263.900', 'end': '2265.266', 'text': 'especially in the spread of'}, {'start': '2265.366', 'end': '2267.933', 'text': 'buddhism and its role in maritime trade the'}, {'start': '2268.266', 'end': '2271.066', 'text': 'legacy of srivijaya lives on in the form of'}, {'start': '2271.133', 'end': '2273.466', 'text': 'historical sites religious buildings'}, {'start': '2273.766', 'end': '2276.266', 'text': 'and influences that are still felt today'}, {'start': '2276.933', 'end': '2278.000', 'text': 'even today'}, {'start': '2278.600', 'end': '2280.066', 'text': 'srivijaya is still remembered'}, {'start': '2280.133', 'end': '2281.700', 'text': 'as one of the largest kingdoms in'}, {'start': '2281.766', 'end': '2283.000', 'text': 'southeast asia which made a'}, {'start': '2283.166', 'end': '2286.066', 'text': 'major contribution to world history and civilization the'}, {'start': '2286.366', 'end': '2288.066', 'text': 'diversity of culture and'}, {'start': '2288.133', 'end': '2289.800', 'text': 'religious teachings brought by srivijaya'}, {'start': '2290.133', 'end': '2292.500', 'text': 'shaped many aspects of life in this region'}, {'start': '2292.666', 'end': '2295.200', 'text': 'and left an eternal legacy for future generations'}, {'start': '2300.333', 'end': '2303.533', 'text': 'archaeological discoveries and historical evidence of srivijaya'}, {'start': '2304.066', 'end': '2305.000', 'text': 'archaeological discoveries'}, {'start': '2305.133', 'end': '2305.933', 'text': 'play an'}, {'start': '2306.000', 'end': '2307.866', 'text': 'important role in re-exposing the glory'}, {'start': '2307.933', 'end': '2309.800', 'text': 'and power of the srivijaya kingdom'}, {'start': '2310.366', 'end': '2311.866', 'text': 'over time'}, {'start': '2312.100', 'end': '2314.366', 'text': 'the  Archaeologists and researchers continue to excavate'}, {'start': '2314.466', 'end': '2316.400', 'text': 'historical sites related to this kingdom'}, {'start': '2316.766', 'end': '2318.333', 'text': 'which provide deep insight'}, {'start': '2318.400', 'end': '2320.300', 'text': 'into the lives of the Srivijaya people, their'}, {'start': '2320.533', 'end': '2321.466', 'text': 'culture'}, {'start': '2321.766', 'end': '2324.333', 'text': 'and their role in the history of Southeast Asia.'}, {'start': '2324.800', 'end': '2326.000', 'text': 'These discoveries,'}, {'start': '2326.400', 'end': '2328.566', 'text': 'from inscriptions to artifacts,'}, {'start': '2328.800', 'end': '2331.266', 'text': 'enrich our understanding of this great kingdom that'}, {'start': '2331.300', 'end': '2332.600', 'text': 'once ruled a'}, {'start': '2332.733', 'end': '2333.666', 'text': 'vast territory.'}, {'start': '2334.200', 'end': '2335.800', 'text': 'One of the most important discoveries is the'}, {'start': '2336.533', 'end': '2338.900', 'text': 'Kedukan Bukit inscription, which was found near Palembang,'}, {'start': '2339.166', 'end': '2340.166', 'text': 'South Sumatra'}, {'start': '2340.700', 'end': '2342.566', 'text': 'in 1920.'}, {'start': '2343.100', 'end': '2345.466', 'text': 'This inscription has a very high value'}, {'start': '2345.966', 'end': '2348.700', 'text': 'because it contains information about the founding of Srivijaya'}, {'start': '2348.900', 'end': '2349.700', 'text': 'and about the relationship of'}, {'start': '2349.733', 'end': '2352.266', 'text': 'this kingdom with neighboring kingdoms.'}, {'start': '2352.733', 'end': '2354.800', 'text': 'This inscription also provides evidence of the'}, {'start': '2354.900', 'end': '2356.466', 'text': 'political structure of Srivijaya,'}, {'start': '2356.866', 'end': '2358.333', 'text': 'where it mentions the existence of a'}, {'start': '2358.400', 'end': '2359.800', 'text': 'king who ruled and the'}, {'start': '2359.900', 'end': '2361.500', 'text': 'important role of the maritime trade route'}, {'start': '2361.600', 'end': '2363.566', 'text': 'that crossed its territory. The'}, {'start': '2364.000', 'end': '2365.566', 'text': 'Kedukan Bukit inscription, which'}, {'start': '2365.800', 'end': '2368.200', 'text': 'dates from 683 AD,'}, {'start': '2368.566', 'end': '2369.366', 'text': 'states that'}, {'start': '2369.400', 'end': '2371.700', 'text': 'Srivijaya was founded by a king named'}, {'start': '2371.800', 'end': '2373.733', 'text': 'Dapunta Hyang Sri Jayana,'}, {'start': '2374.100', 'end': '2376.266', 'text': 'who is also known as the founder of the kingdom.'}, {'start': '2376.766', 'end': '2378.466', 'text': 'This inscription describes how'}, {'start': '2378.600', 'end': '2379.533', 'text': 'Dapunta Hyang'}, {'start': '2379.666', 'end': '2381.266', 'text': 'led troops to conquer the'}, {'start': '2381.366', 'end': '2382.566', 'text': 'surrounding areas'}, {'start': '2382.733', 'end': '2385.966', 'text': 'and make Srivijaya a center of great power.'}, {'start': '2386.700', 'end': '2388.366', 'text': 'This is one of the first written evidences'}, {'start': '2388.466', 'end': '2391.200', 'text': 'to confirm the existence of Srivijaya'}, {'start': '2391.333', 'end': '2393.666', 'text': 'as a powerful and influential kingdom.'}, {'start': '2394.133', 'end': '2395.166', 'text': 'In addition to the inscriptions,'}, {'start': '2395.533', 'end': '2397.500', 'text': 'various other archaeological discoveries'}, {'start': '2397.700', 'end': '2400.500', 'text': 'such as temple ruins  and religious sites'}, {'start': '2400.866', 'end': '2401.533', 'text': 'have provided'}, {'start': '2401.533', 'end': '2403.800', 'text': 'important evidence of the existence of Srivijaya'}, {'start': '2403.900', 'end': '2404.933', 'text': 'and its culture'}, {'start': '2405.466', 'end': '2407.466', 'text': 'sites such as the Muara Takus temple'}, {'start': '2407.733', 'end': '2410.100', 'text': 'located near the Kampar River in Sumatra'}, {'start': '2410.533', 'end': '2412.333', 'text': 'show the great influence of Srivijaya'}, {'start': '2412.400', 'end': '2413.900', 'text': 'on the development of Buddhist architecture'}, {'start': '2415.300', 'end': '2416.166', 'text': 'this temple has an'}, {'start': '2416.266', 'end': '2417.566', 'text': 'architecture similar to'}, {'start': '2417.666', 'end': '2419.333', 'text': 'temples found in India'}, {'start': '2419.666', 'end': '2420.500', 'text': 'and shows that'}, {'start': '2420.600', 'end': '2421.400', 'text': 'Srivijaya'}, {'start': '2421.466', 'end': '2423.600', 'text': 'had close ties with religious traditions'}, {'start': '2423.700', 'end': '2426.666', 'text': 'in India especially Mahayana Buddhism'}, {'start': '2427.166', 'end': '2427.966', 'text': 'in addition to that the'}, {'start': '2428.366', 'end': '2430.600', 'text': 'monument site located around Palembang'}, {'start': '2431.100', 'end': '2431.900', 'text': 'also shows the'}, {'start': '2431.900', 'end': '2433.566', 'text': 'existence of international trade and interaction'}, {'start': '2433.666', 'end': '2435.566', 'text': 'in the Srivijaya region'}, {'start': '2436.066', 'end': '2437.900', 'text': 'this site is filled with'}, {'start': '2438.000', 'end': '2440.066', 'text': 'artifacts originating from various regions'}, {'start': '2440.533', 'end': '2442.200', 'text': 'including India China'}, {'start': '2442.466', 'end': '2444.533', 'text': 'and other Southeast Asian regions'}, {'start': '2444.933', 'end': '2447.200', 'text': 'this provides an idea of \u200b\u200bhow important'}, {'start': '2447.333', 'end': '2450.066', 'text': 'Srivijaya was as a trading center connecting'}, {'start': '2450.133', 'end': '2451.800', 'text': 'various cultures and civilizations of the'}, {'start': '2451.966', 'end': '2453.100', 'text': 'world at that time the'}, {'start': '2453.600', 'end': '2456.600', 'text': 'discovery of ancient coins originating from Srivijaya'}, {'start': '2456.733', 'end': '2458.766', 'text': 'also provides clues about the economic'}, {'start': '2458.800', 'end': '2461.333', 'text': 'and trade systems that developed in this kingdom the'}, {'start': '2461.733', 'end': '2462.700', 'text': 'coins which are'}, {'start': '2463.100', 'end': '2465.700', 'text': 'mostly made of copper and silver'}, {'start': '2466.100', 'end': '2468.200', 'text': 'show how sophisticated the Srivijaya economic system was'}, {'start': '2468.366', 'end': '2471.266', 'text': 'in carrying out international trade'}, {'start': '2471.866', 'end': '2473.266', 'text': 'these coins were found in various'}, {'start': '2473.333', 'end': '2474.366', 'text': 'locations along the'}, {'start': '2474.466', 'end': '2475.566', 'text': 'maritime trade route'}, {'start': '2475.866', 'end': '2478.133', 'text': 'further strengthening the fact that Srivijaya'}, {'start': '2478.200', 'end': '2479.800', 'text': 'played an important role in the trade of'}, {'start': '2479.900', 'end': '2480.700', 'text': 'spices'}, {'start': '2481.000', 'end': '2484.400', 'text': 'silk and other goods  between India China'}, {'start': '2484.900', 'end': '2486.500', 'text': 'and the Southeast Asian region'}, {'start': '2486.900', 'end': '2488.700', 'text': 'in addition to artifacts and inscriptions the'}, {'start': '2489.200', 'end': '2490.866', 'text': 'discovery of ancient writings'}, {'start': '2490.966', 'end': '2493.066', 'text': 'in the form of Sanskrit texts'}, {'start': '2493.200', 'end': '2495.566', 'text': 'also helps clarify the history of Srivijaya'}, {'start': '2496.066', 'end': '2496.866', 'text': 'these texts'}, {'start': '2497.200', 'end': '2498.933', 'text': 'which are mostly found in'}, {'start': '2499.000', 'end': '2501.066', 'text': 'archaeological sites in Sumatra and Java'}, {'start': '2501.333', 'end': '2503.400', 'text': 'record the historical journey of Srivijaya'}, {'start': '2503.800', 'end': '2505.533', 'text': 'both in the context of politics'}, {'start': '2505.866', 'end': '2507.500', 'text': 'social and culture'}, {'start': '2508.066', 'end': '2508.466', 'text': 'some'}, {'start': '2508.466', 'end': '2510.566', 'text': 'texts also contain clues about the journey of'}, {'start': '2510.700', 'end': '2512.966', 'text': 'Buddhist monks from Srivijaya to India'}, {'start': '2513.300', 'end': '2514.266', 'text': 'to study religion'}, {'start': '2514.366', 'end': '2517.200', 'text': 'and return to bring the teachings to Southeast Asia it is'}, {'start': '2517.700', 'end': '2520.066', 'text': 'important to note that although many'}, {'start': '2520.166', 'end': '2521.666', 'text': 'archaeological discoveries have been made'}, {'start': '2522.266', 'end': '2523.266', 'text': 'there are still many'}, {'start': '2523.366', 'end': '2525.766', 'text': 'historical sites that have not been discovered or'}, {'start': '2525.900', 'end': '2527.666', 'text': 'fully excavated this shows'}, {'start': '2527.766', 'end': '2529.966', 'text': 'that there is still much we can learn about'}, {'start': '2530.066', 'end': '2533.466', 'text': 'Srivijaya through further research in the future the'}, {'start': '2533.866', 'end': '2534.800', 'text': 'existence of'}, {'start': '2534.900', 'end': '2536.933', 'text': 'underwater sites around the Sumatra region and the Strait of'}, {'start': '2537.066', 'end': '2537.866', 'text': 'Malacca containing'}, {'start': '2537.900', 'end': '2539.900', 'text': 'maritime artifacts for example'}, {'start': '2540.400', 'end': '2542.600', 'text': 'could reveal more about the'}, {'start': '2542.700', 'end': '2544.066', 'text': 'Srivijaya trade activities'}, {'start': '2544.200', 'end': '2545.466', 'text': 'that have been hidden'}, {'start': '2545.900', 'end': '2547.366', 'text': 'these discoveries provide a'}, {'start': '2547.500', 'end': '2549.133', 'text': 'clearer picture of the'}, {'start': '2549.200', 'end': '2551.066', 'text': 'daily life of the Srivijaya people'}, {'start': '2551.400', 'end': '2553.400', 'text': 'how they interacted with the outside world'}, {'start': '2553.800', 'end': '2556.366', 'text': 'and the great influence they had on civilization'}, {'start': '2556.466', 'end': '2557.466', 'text': 'in Southeast Asia'}, {'start': '2557.933', 'end': '2560.566', 'text': 'although Srivijaya has long since collapsed as a kingdom'}, {'start': '2560.933', 'end': '2563.133', 'text': 'these discoveries provide concrete evidence'}, {'start': '2563.200', 'end': '2563.966', 'text': 'that allows'}, {'start': '2563.966', 'end': '2566.766', 'text': 'us to better understand the glory and glory of politics'}, {'start': '2567.100', 'end': '2570.600', 'text': 'religion and culture left behind  by this kingdom'}, {'start': '2571.133', 'end': '2573.466', 'text': 'as a very powerful maritime kingdom'}, {'start': '2573.700', 'end': '2574.933', 'text': 'srivijaya left a'}, {'start': '2575.000', 'end': '2576.733', 'text': 'very big mark in history'}, {'start': '2577.066', 'end': '2577.800', 'text': 'and'}, {'start': '2577.800', 'end': '2579.766', 'text': 'these archaeological discoveries play a'}, {'start': '2579.866', 'end': '2580.966', 'text': 'key role in reopening the'}, {'start': '2581.066', 'end': '2584.300', 'text': 'pages of history that were almost forgotten in the future'}, {'start': '2584.800', 'end': '2587.366', 'text': 'the more evidence and artifacts that can be found'}, {'start': '2587.900', 'end': '2590.666', 'text': 'the deeper we can dig into the history of srivijaya'}, {'start': '2590.733', 'end': '2593.466', 'text': 'and appreciate the extraordinary legacy it left behind'}, {'start': '2597.600', 'end': '2600.766', 'text': 'srivijaya in the perspective of southeast Asian history'}, {'start': '2601.200', 'end': '2602.400', 'text': 'srivijaya kingdom was'}, {'start': '2602.533', 'end': '2604.966', 'text': 'not only a great kingdom in the Sumatra region'}, {'start': '2605.533', 'end': '2607.933', 'text': 'but also one of the main powers'}, {'start': '2608.066', 'end': '2608.866', 'text': 'in the history of'}, {'start': '2608.866', 'end': '2610.400', 'text': 'southeast Asia with'}, {'start': '2610.400', 'end': '2612.733', 'text': 'its position as a maritime trade center'}, {'start': '2612.800', 'end': '2614.566', 'text': 'connecting India China'}, {'start': '2614.966', 'end': '2616.766', 'text': 'and other regions in southeast Asia'}, {'start': '2617.200', 'end': '2618.300', 'text': 'srivijaya played an'}, {'start': '2618.366', 'end': '2620.200', 'text': 'important role in the formation of civilization'}, {'start': '2620.333', 'end': '2621.133', 'text': 'in this region'}, {'start': '2621.533', 'end': '2623.466', 'text': 'in a broader historical perspective'}, {'start': '2623.866', 'end': '2626.500', 'text': 'srivijaya is not only remembered as a great kingdom'}, {'start': '2626.933', 'end': '2628.766', 'text': 'but also as a symbol of progress'}, {'start': '2629.000', 'end': '2629.800', 'text': 'prosperity'}, {'start': '2630.000', 'end': '2633.066', 'text': 'and cultural influence that crosses regional boundaries'}, {'start': '2633.600', 'end': '2636.333', 'text': 'one of the most prominent aspects of srivijaya'}, {'start': '2636.733', 'end': '2639.666', 'text': 'is its role in the world of maritime trade'}, {'start': '2640.000', 'end': '2641.700', 'text': 'under srivijaya rule the'}, {'start': '2642.200', 'end': '2644.000', 'text': 'sea trade route connecting'}, {'start': '2644.100', 'end': '2644.933', 'text': 'India and China'}, {'start': '2645.000', 'end': '2646.300', 'text': 'became very important and was'}, {'start': '2646.400', 'end': '2649.166', 'text': 'busy with merchant ships from all over the'}, {'start': '2649.266', 'end': '2650.866', 'text': 'world srivijaya was'}, {'start': '2650.966', 'end': '2651.266', 'text': 'able to'}, {'start': '2651.266', 'end': '2653.700', 'text': 'control this trade route effectively'}, {'start': '2654.333', 'end': '2657.133', 'text': 'making it a very strong economic center'}, {'start': '2657.700', 'end': '2658.700', 'text': 'in this context'}, {'start': '2659.000', 'end': '2660.400', 'text': 'Srivijaya became a'}, {'start': '2660.533', 'end': '2662.666', 'text': 'vital link for two great world civilizations,'}, {'start': '2662.900', 'end': '2664.266', 'text': 'namely India and China,'}, {'start': '2664.566', 'end': '2667.533', 'text': 'as well as various other small kingdoms in Southeast Asia. The'}, {'start': '2667.900', 'end': '2670.066', 'text': 'trade controlled by Srivijaya'}, {'start': '2670.133', 'end': '2670.966', 'text': 'not only included'}, {'start': '2671.066', 'end': '2672.533', 'text': 'goods such as spices,'}, {'start': '2672.866', 'end': '2674.366', 'text': 'silk and silver,'}, {'start': '2674.800', 'end': '2677.600', 'text': 'but also included the spread of religion and knowledge.'}, {'start': '2678.266', 'end': '2680.500', 'text': 'One of the greatest legacies of Srivijaya'}, {'start': '2680.933', 'end': '2683.266', 'text': 'is its contribution to the spread of'}, {'start': '2683.366', 'end': '2685.300', 'text': 'Buddhism throughout Southeast Asia.'}, {'start': '2685.800', 'end': '2687.733', 'text': 'As a center for learning Buddhism,'}, {'start': '2688.200', 'end': '2691.000', 'text': 'Srivijaya attracted many monks from India and China'}, {'start': '2691.333', 'end': '2692.600', 'text': 'who then brought'}, {'start': '2692.700', 'end': '2695.100', 'text': 'Buddhism to other regions in Southeast Asia.'}, {'start': '2695.566', 'end': '2697.666', 'text': "Srivijaya's influence in the spread of"}, {'start': '2697.733', 'end': '2699.533', 'text': 'Buddhism is reflected in the many'}, {'start': '2699.600', 'end': '2701.600', 'text': 'religious sites found in various places'}, {'start': '2701.933', 'end': '2702.733', 'text': 'such as the'}, {'start': '2702.733', 'end': '2704.933', 'text': 'Borobudur temple in Java and various'}, {'start': '2705.100', 'end': '2705.966', 'text': 'other temples in Indonesia.'}, {'start': '2706.700', 'end': '2709.166', 'text': 'In addition to its role in religion and trade,'}, {'start': '2709.766', 'end': '2712.166', 'text': 'Srivijaya also became an early example of'}, {'start': '2712.300', 'end': '2713.933', 'text': 'maritime power in Southeast Asia. The'}, {'start': '2714.300', 'end': '2715.266', 'text': 'advancement of'}, {'start': '2715.300', 'end': '2717.000', 'text': 'shipping technology owned by Srivijaya'}, {'start': '2717.100', 'end': '2719.600', 'text': 'allowed this kingdom to control a'}, {'start': '2719.666', 'end': '2720.466', 'text': 'very large area'}, {'start': '2720.866', 'end': '2721.733', 'text': 'from Sumatra'}, {'start': '2721.800', 'end': '2724.000', 'text': 'to areas around the Strait of Malacca'}, {'start': '2724.133', 'end': '2724.766', 'text': 'and even'}, {'start': '2724.766', 'end': '2727.400', 'text': 'to areas on the surrounding islands.'}, {'start': '2727.966', 'end': '2730.766', 'text': 'With a strong navy and a well-trained fleet,'}, {'start': '2731.066', 'end': '2733.766', 'text': 'Srivijaya shows how maritime power'}, {'start': '2733.966', 'end': '2735.500', 'text': 'can be a tool to expand'}, {'start': '2735.566', 'end': '2737.500', 'text': 'influence and power on a'}, {'start': '2737.600', 'end': '2738.400', 'text': 'very large scale,'}, {'start': '2739.000', 'end': '2741.666', 'text': 'but in perspective  The broader history of the'}, {'start': '2741.900', 'end': '2743.266', 'text': 'collapse of Srivijaya'}, {'start': '2743.333', 'end': '2743.966', 'text': 'also shows the'}, {'start': '2743.966', 'end': '2746.666', 'text': 'challenges faced by the great kingdoms'}, {'start': '2746.733', 'end': '2747.533', 'text': 'of that time.'}, {'start': '2748.000', 'end': '2749.466', 'text': 'Over time, the'}, {'start': '2749.800', 'end': '2751.700', 'text': 'emergence of new kingdoms such as'}, {'start': '2751.766', 'end': '2753.166', 'text': 'Majapahit and Malacca'}, {'start': '2753.533', 'end': '2755.900', 'text': 'and changes in global trade routes'}, {'start': '2756.100', 'end': '2758.466', 'text': 'made Srivijaya lose its influence.'}, {'start': '2758.866', 'end': '2761.066', 'text': 'The fall of Srivijaya also illustrates'}, {'start': '2761.166', 'end': '2762.333', 'text': 'how a kingdom,'}, {'start': '2762.933', 'end': '2765.000', 'text': 'despite having great power in the'}, {'start': '2765.100', 'end': '2766.200', 'text': 'economic and cultural fields,'}, {'start': '2766.466', 'end': '2768.966', 'text': 'remains vulnerable to external attacks and'}, {'start': '2769.133', 'end': '2771.566', 'text': 'internal conflicts that can destroy its stability.'}, {'start': '2772.100', 'end': '2772.900', 'text': 'However, the'}, {'start': '2773.500', 'end': '2775.766', 'text': 'legacy of Srivijaya lives on and has a'}, {'start': '2775.933', 'end': '2778.466', 'text': 'great influence on the kingdoms that emerged'}, {'start': '2778.566', 'end': '2780.600', 'text': 'after it. The influence of the culture,'}, {'start': '2780.900', 'end': '2781.700', 'text': 'religion'}, {'start': '2781.800', 'end': '2784.200', 'text': 'and trading system owned by Srivijaya was'}, {'start': '2784.300', 'end': '2786.933', 'text': 'continued by other kingdoms in Southeast Asia'}, {'start': '2787.266', 'end': '2789.466', 'text': 'such as Majapahit and the Sultanate of Malacca,'}, {'start': '2789.600', 'end': '2791.900', 'text': 'which adopted many aspects of Srivijaya'}, {'start': '2791.966', 'end': '2794.266', 'text': 'in running their governments and regulating'}, {'start': '2794.333', 'end': '2795.200', 'text': 'their trade routes.'}, {'start': '2795.800', 'end': '2796.600', 'text': 'For example, the'}, {'start': '2797.000', 'end': '2797.866', 'text': 'shipping'}, {'start': '2797.900', 'end': '2799.866', 'text': 'and trading system controlled by Srivijaya'}, {'start': '2799.900', 'end': '2800.766', 'text': 'in the Strait of Malacca was'}, {'start': '2800.866', 'end': '2802.900', 'text': 'then continued by the Sultanate of Malacca,'}, {'start': '2803.000', 'end': '2806.066', 'text': 'which became a major trading center in the 15th century.'}, {'start': '2806.600', 'end': '2808.000', 'text': 'Srivijaya also'}, {'start': '2808.133', 'end': '2810.533', 'text': 'influenced the development of language and script'}, {'start': '2810.666', 'end': '2811.733', 'text': 'in Southeast Asia. The'}, {'start': '2812.166', 'end': '2814.566', 'text': 'Pallava script used by Srivijaya'}, {'start': '2814.933', 'end': '2816.300', 'text': 'became the basis  for the development of'}, {'start': '2816.400', 'end': '2817.933', 'text': 'scripts in the kingdoms'}, {'start': '2818.066', 'end': '2819.400', 'text': 'in this region the'}, {'start': '2819.900', 'end': '2821.200', 'text': 'Sanskrit language'}, {'start': '2821.500', 'end': '2824.366', 'text': 'used in the inscriptions the Srivijaya inscriptions'}, {'start': '2824.766', 'end': '2825.500', 'text': 'also'}, {'start': '2825.500', 'end': '2826.933', 'text': 'contributed to the development of the'}, {'start': '2827.000', 'end': '2828.200', 'text': 'Malay language and'}, {'start': '2828.300', 'end': '2829.966', 'text': 'other languages \u200b\u200bin the region'}, {'start': '2830.533', 'end': '2831.500', 'text': 'as a whole'}, {'start': '2832.100', 'end': '2833.966', 'text': 'Srivijaya has a very'}, {'start': '2833.966', 'end': '2836.100', 'text': 'important place in the history of Southeast Asia'}, {'start': '2836.600', 'end': '2837.066', 'text': 'although it'}, {'start': '2837.066', 'end': '2839.366', 'text': 'no longer exists as an independent kingdom the'}, {'start': '2839.800', 'end': '2840.933', 'text': 'influence of Srivijaya'}, {'start': '2841.066', 'end': '2842.966', 'text': 'remains alive in various aspects of culture'}, {'start': '2843.333', 'end': '2846.733', 'text': 'religion and trade systems in this region its'}, {'start': '2847.200', 'end': '2849.800', 'text': 'success in managing maritime trade'}, {'start': '2850.066', 'end': '2851.966', 'text': 'introducing Buddhism'}, {'start': '2851.966', 'end': '2854.133', 'text': 'and building extraordinary maritime power'}, {'start': '2854.200', 'end': '2855.400', 'text': 'made Srivijaya'}, {'start': '2855.566', 'end': '2857.733', 'text': 'one of the most influential kingdoms'}, {'start': '2857.800', 'end': '2858.500', 'text': 'in the history of'}, {'start': '2858.500', 'end': '2859.366', 'text': 'Southeast Asia'}, {'start': '2859.800', 'end': '2861.800', 'text': 'this legacy is not only a source of pride'}, {'start': '2861.933', 'end': '2862.733', 'text': 'for Indonesia'}, {'start': '2863.266', 'end': '2865.866', 'text': 'but also an important part of the long story of'}, {'start': '2865.933', 'end': '2867.100', 'text': 'human civilization'}, {'start': '2867.600', 'end': '2870.400', 'text': 'do you see Srivijaya as the forerunner of'}, {'start': '2870.666', 'end': '2872.666', 'text': 'maritime power in Southeast Asia'}, {'start': '2873.266', 'end': '2874.333', 'text': 'what do you think'}, {'start': '2874.966', 'end': '2877.466', 'text': 'is its influence still felt today'}, {'start': '2878.066', 'end': '2880.200', 'text': "don't forget to leave a comment and subscribe"}, {'start': '2880.466', 'end': '2882.600', 'text': 'for more interesting historical stories'}]