Albert Einstein: The Genius Who Reshaped the Universe | Biography Channel
The Biography Channel
[{'start': '0.360', 'end': '6.680', 'text': 'Before time was questioned, a child'}, {'start': '3.840', 'end': '9.800', 'text': 'stared into the trembling needle of a'}, {'start': '6.680', 'end': '13.160', 'text': 'compass and felt the pull of the'}, {'start': '9.800', 'end': '16.720', 'text': 'invisible. That question would shake the'}, {'start': '13.160', 'end': '19.230', 'text': 'universe. Albert Einstein, the genius'}, {'start': '16.720', 'end': '22.489', 'text': 'who reshaped the universe.'}, {'start': '19.230', 'end': '22.489', 'text': '[Music]'}, {'start': '31.920', 'end': '37.760', 'text': "Albert Einstein's story opens in a quiet"}, {'start': '34.559', 'end': '39.920', 'text': 'German town in the late 19th century. A'}, {'start': '37.760', 'end': '42.640', 'text': 'small boy with thick dark hair and'}, {'start': '39.920', 'end': '45.120', 'text': 'thoughtful brown eyes sits alone on the'}, {'start': '42.640', 'end': '48.320', 'text': 'floor, utterly captivated by a simple'}, {'start': '45.120', 'end': '50.399', 'text': 'object in his hands, a compass.'}, {'start': '48.320', 'end': '52.480', 'text': '5-year-old Albert tilts it in different'}, {'start': '50.399', 'end': '55.280', 'text': 'directions, watching the needle quiver,'}, {'start': '52.480', 'end': '58.800', 'text': 'but always point north. He furrows his'}, {'start': '55.280', 'end': '61.120', 'text': 'brow, enchanted and puzzled. How, he'}, {'start': '58.800', 'end': '63.920', 'text': 'wonders, can an invisible force make the'}, {'start': '61.120', 'end': '66.240', 'text': 'needle move? This childhood encounter'}, {'start': '63.920', 'end': '69.600', 'text': "with a compass becomes Albert's first"}, {'start': '66.240', 'end': '72.080', 'text': 'lesson in curiosity. It sparks in him a'}, {'start': '69.600', 'end': '74.400', 'text': 'profound lifelong fascination with'}, {'start': '72.080', 'end': '77.400', 'text': 'unseen forces and the mysteries of'}, {'start': '74.400', 'end': '77.400', 'text': 'nature.'}, {'start': '80.560', 'end': '88.119', 'text': 'Albert was born on March 14th, 1879 in'}, {'start': '84.880', 'end': '90.720', 'text': 'Olm, Germany to Herman and Pauline'}, {'start': '88.119', 'end': '93.280', 'text': 'Einstein. By all accounts, his early'}, {'start': '90.720', 'end': '96.000', 'text': 'development was unconventional. As a'}, {'start': '93.280', 'end': '98.000', 'text': 'toddler, he rarely spoke. In fact, he'}, {'start': '96.000', 'end': '100.000', 'text': 'spoke so little at first that his'}, {'start': '98.000', 'end': '102.799', 'text': 'parents grew worried something might be'}, {'start': '100.000', 'end': '104.880', 'text': 'wrong. Family lore says that one night'}, {'start': '102.799', 'end': '107.360', 'text': 'at the dinner table, young Albert'}, {'start': '104.880', 'end': '109.840', 'text': 'finally uttered a complete sentence,'}, {'start': '107.360', 'end': '111.640', 'text': 'complaining that his soup was too hot,'}, {'start': '109.840', 'end': '113.680', 'text': "much to his parents'"}, {'start': '111.640', 'end': '116.200', 'text': 'astonishment. "Why didn\'t you say'}, {'start': '113.680', 'end': '119.200', 'text': 'anything before?" his relieved mother'}, {'start': '116.200', 'end': '121.640', 'text': 'asked. Albert supposedly shrugged,'}, {'start': '119.200', 'end': '124.240', 'text': '"Because until now, everything was'}, {'start': '121.640', 'end': '126.479', 'text': 'fine." "Whether or not the tale is'}, {'start': '124.240', 'end': '129.520', 'text': 'apocryphal, it captures the essence of'}, {'start': '126.479', 'end': '132.000', 'text': "Albert's early years. A child quietly"}, {'start': '129.520', 'end': '134.599', 'text': 'observing the world, speaking only when'}, {'start': '132.000', 'end': '138.319', 'text': 'he felt he had something meaningful to'}, {'start': '134.599', 'end': '140.879', 'text': "say. Father whispering to doctor. He's"}, {'start': '138.319', 'end': '143.599', 'text': "still not talking. We're concerned. Is"}, {'start': '140.879', 'end': '144.599', 'text': 'something wrong with our boy? Doctor,'}, {'start': '143.599', 'end': '147.120', 'text': 'gentle'}, {'start': '144.599', 'end': '149.680', 'text': 'reassurance. Some children simply speak'}, {'start': '147.120', 'end': '152.480', 'text': "later. There's nothing inherently wrong."}, {'start': '149.680', 'end': '154.200', 'text': "Give him time. Young Albert's mind may"}, {'start': '152.480', 'end': '156.959', 'text': "be working in ways we don't yet"}, {'start': '154.200', 'end': '159.200', 'text': 'understand. His parents took the'}, {'start': '156.959', 'end': '162.480', 'text': "doctor's advice to heart and continued"}, {'start': '159.200', 'end': '165.599', 'text': "to nurture Albert's natural curiosity."}, {'start': '162.480', 'end': '168.360', 'text': "Hermon Einstein, Albert's father, was an"}, {'start': '165.599', 'end': '171.360', 'text': 'engineer who ran a small electrochemical'}, {'start': '168.360', 'end': '174.080', 'text': "business. One day, noticing his son's"}, {'start': '171.360', 'end': '176.959', 'text': 'fascination with how things work, Herman'}, {'start': '174.080', 'end': '179.680', 'text': 'handed Albert that magical compass. The'}, {'start': '176.959', 'end': '182.159', 'text': "effect was immediate. Albert's eyes lit"}, {'start': '179.680', 'end': '184.720', 'text': 'up with wonder. He turned the compass'}, {'start': '182.159', 'end': '186.760', 'text': 'over and over, trying to discern the'}, {'start': '184.720', 'end': '190.400', 'text': 'source of its mysterious'}, {'start': '186.760', 'end': '192.640', 'text': 'power. Pauline, his mother, smiled as'}, {'start': '190.400', 'end': '193.879', 'text': "she watched her son's tiny fingers trace"}, {'start': '192.640', 'end': '197.280', 'text': "the compass's"}, {'start': '193.879', 'end': '200.560', 'text': 'edges. This was no mere toy to Albert.'}, {'start': '197.280', 'end': '202.640', 'text': 'It was a key to an invisible world. In'}, {'start': '200.560', 'end': '204.959', 'text': 'later years, Albert would remember that'}, {'start': '202.640', 'end': '208.000', 'text': 'compass as one of the wonders that'}, {'start': '204.959', 'end': '210.400', 'text': 'profoundly influenced his childhood.'}, {'start': '208.000', 'end': '213.599', 'text': 'Beyond scientific curiosities, young'}, {'start': '210.400', 'end': '215.840', 'text': 'Albert also found joy in music. Pauline'}, {'start': '213.599', 'end': '217.840', 'text': 'was a talented pianist and decided to'}, {'start': '215.840', 'end': '220.560', 'text': 'introduce Albert to the violin when he'}, {'start': '217.840', 'end': '222.720', 'text': 'was six. At first, he resisted the'}, {'start': '220.560', 'end': '225.000', 'text': 'weekly violin lessons, preferring to'}, {'start': '222.720', 'end': '227.680', 'text': 'build cardous or tinker with little'}, {'start': '225.000', 'end': '229.680', 'text': 'experiments. But as he grew older, the'}, {'start': '227.680', 'end': '231.440', 'text': 'music of Mozart and Bach began to'}, {'start': '229.680', 'end': '234.400', 'text': 'captivate him almost as much as that'}, {'start': '231.440', 'end': '236.080', 'text': 'compass had. Playing the violin became'}, {'start': '234.400', 'end': '238.599', 'text': 'another way for Albert to explore'}, {'start': '236.080', 'end': '241.760', 'text': 'patterns and beauty. this time through'}, {'start': '238.599', 'end': '244.159', 'text': 'sound. It would remain a lifelong solace'}, {'start': '241.760', 'end': '247.280', 'text': 'and companion, especially in times when'}, {'start': '244.159', 'end': '249.920', 'text': 'equations and worries clouded his mind.'}, {'start': '247.280', 'end': '252.799', 'text': "In school, however, Albert's curiosity"}, {'start': '249.920', 'end': '254.480', 'text': "meant less encouragement. The Einstein's"}, {'start': '252.799', 'end': '256.959', 'text': 'moved to Munich when Albert was a'}, {'start': '254.480', 'end': '260.199', 'text': 'toddler, and there he entered elementary'}, {'start': '256.959', 'end': '262.720', 'text': 'school and later the rigorous Luitt Pole'}, {'start': '260.199', 'end': '265.199', 'text': 'gymnasium. From the start, Albert'}, {'start': '262.720', 'end': '267.919', 'text': "bristled at the school's strict wrote"}, {'start': '265.199', 'end': '270.560', 'text': 'learning approach. He was a dreamy,'}, {'start': '267.919', 'end': '272.960', 'text': 'imaginative child who loved puzzles and'}, {'start': '270.560', 'end': '275.440', 'text': 'reading. But his teachers saw only a'}, {'start': '272.960', 'end': '276.759', 'text': 'quiet boy who seemed aloof and'}, {'start': '275.440', 'end': '279.840', 'text': 'occasionally'}, {'start': '276.759', 'end': '281.680', 'text': 'defiant. Classrooms in late 19th century'}, {'start': '279.840', 'end': '283.440', 'text': 'Germany were not designed for'}, {'start': '281.680', 'end': '286.240', 'text': 'inquisitive minds that questioned'}, {'start': '283.440', 'end': '288.400', 'text': 'authority. And Albert had questions,'}, {'start': '286.240', 'end': '291.120', 'text': 'lots of them. Why did one have to'}, {'start': '288.400', 'end': '293.600', 'text': 'memorize so much without understanding?'}, {'start': '291.120', 'end': '295.600', 'text': 'Why were creative thought and curiosity'}, {'start': '293.600', 'end': '297.759', 'text': 'often unwelcome?'}, {'start': '295.600', 'end': '299.199', 'text': 'One morning in math class, Albert'}, {'start': '297.759', 'end': '301.040', 'text': "couldn't resist pointing out an"}, {'start': '299.199', 'end': '303.880', 'text': 'alternative way to solve a problem on'}, {'start': '301.040', 'end': '306.240', 'text': 'the board. The teacher, a strict'}, {'start': '303.880', 'end': '308.720', 'text': 'disciplinarian, did not appreciate being'}, {'start': '306.240', 'end': '310.360', 'text': 'corrected by a 12-year-old. He fixed'}, {'start': '308.720', 'end': '314.160', 'text': 'Albert with a stern'}, {'start': '310.360', 'end': '316.320', 'text': 'glare. Teacher, snapping. Einstein,'}, {'start': '314.160', 'end': '318.720', 'text': 'since you seem to know it all, perhaps'}, {'start': '316.320', 'end': '321.199', 'text': 'you should be teaching the class. The'}, {'start': '318.720', 'end': '325.600', 'text': 'other children snicker. Albert flushes'}, {'start': '321.199', 'end': '327.680', 'text': 'and sinks into his seat. teacher coldly.'}, {'start': '325.600', 'end': '329.240', 'text': 'You will never amount to anything if you'}, {'start': '327.680', 'end': '331.560', 'text': "can't learn to"}, {'start': '329.240', 'end': '334.400', 'text': 'behave. Those words'}, {'start': '331.560', 'end': '336.520', 'text': 'stung. Albert clamped his mouth shut,'}, {'start': '334.400', 'end': '339.440', 'text': 'resolved to keep his thoughts to'}, {'start': '336.520', 'end': '341.600', 'text': 'himself. Deep down, he knew he was'}, {'start': '339.440', 'end': '344.120', 'text': "different, but he couldn't understand"}, {'start': '341.600', 'end': '347.199', 'text': 'why his questions were met with'}, {'start': '344.120', 'end': '349.280', 'text': 'anger. One day after school, he confided'}, {'start': '347.199', 'end': '351.360', 'text': 'in his uncle Jacob, who was one of the'}, {'start': '349.280', 'end': '353.440', 'text': "few adults that appreciated Albert's"}, {'start': '351.360', 'end': '354.960', 'text': 'sharp mind.'}, {'start': '353.440', 'end': '357.199', 'text': 'Teachers punish me for asking'}, {'start': '354.960', 'end': '359.840', 'text': 'questions," Albert lamented as he kicked'}, {'start': '357.199', 'end': '362.120', 'text': 'a pebble down the road. "I only want to'}, {'start': '359.840', 'end': '364.639', 'text': 'understand why things are the way they'}, {'start': '362.120', 'end': '367.360', 'text': 'are." His uncle nodded knowingly and put'}, {'start': '364.639', 'end': '370.479', 'text': "a comforting hand on Albert's shoulder."}, {'start': '367.360', 'end': '373.039', 'text': 'Uncle Jacob encouragingly, "Keep'}, {'start': '370.479', 'end': '375.600', 'text': 'asking," Albert, never stop asking.'}, {'start': '373.039', 'end': '377.520', 'text': 'Questions are how we learn. Schools'}, {'start': '375.600', 'end': '381.520', 'text': "don't always like questions, but the"}, {'start': '377.520', 'end': '384.000', 'text': 'world outside school needs them.'}, {'start': '381.520', 'end': '386.720', 'text': 'Boyed by such support, Albert continued'}, {'start': '384.000', 'end': '388.800', 'text': 'learning in his own way. At home, he'}, {'start': '386.720', 'end': '391.280', 'text': 'devoured books on math and science far'}, {'start': '388.800', 'end': '393.520', 'text': 'beyond his grade level. A family friend,'}, {'start': '391.280', 'end': '396.080', 'text': 'a medical student named Max Talmud,'}, {'start': '393.520', 'end': '399.680', 'text': 'later Talme, lent him popular science'}, {'start': '396.080', 'end': '402.240', 'text': 'books and even a geometry text. At 12,'}, {'start': '399.680', 'end': '404.639', 'text': 'Albert declared geometry his sacred'}, {'start': '402.240', 'end': '407.280', 'text': 'little geometry book, working through it'}, {'start': '404.639', 'end': '409.680', 'text': 'with relish. He loved the clarity of'}, {'start': '407.280', 'end': '410.919', 'text': 'mathematics and the way geometry proved'}, {'start': '409.680', 'end': '413.199', 'text': 'things with'}, {'start': '410.919', 'end': '415.600', 'text': 'certainty. Around the same time, he'}, {'start': '413.199', 'end': '418.720', 'text': 'became deeply interested in religion and'}, {'start': '415.600', 'end': '421.039', 'text': 'even composed songs praising God. But'}, {'start': '418.720', 'end': '423.160', 'text': 'this too would change when science texts'}, {'start': '421.039', 'end': '426.160', 'text': 'made him question literal religious'}, {'start': '423.160', 'end': '428.440', 'text': "teachings. By his early teens, Albert's"}, {'start': '426.160', 'end': '431.599', 'text': 'freethinking nature was firmly taking'}, {'start': '428.440', 'end': '434.080', 'text': 'root. Yet, these were not easy years.'}, {'start': '431.599', 'end': '436.560', 'text': "His father's business struggled and the"}, {'start': '434.080', 'end': '439.599', 'text': "family's finances were unstable. In"}, {'start': '436.560', 'end': '442.560', 'text': '1894, when Albert was 15, Herman'}, {'start': '439.599', 'end': '444.880', 'text': "Einstein's company lost a big contract."}, {'start': '442.560', 'end': '447.440', 'text': 'The Einstein decided to move to Italy'}, {'start': '444.880', 'end': '450.360', 'text': 'for a fresh start, leaving Albert behind'}, {'start': '447.440', 'end': '453.280', 'text': 'in Munich to finish his schooling.'}, {'start': '450.360', 'end': '455.919', 'text': 'Suddenly, Albert found himself alone,'}, {'start': '453.280', 'end': '458.319', 'text': 'miserable, depressed, and increasingly'}, {'start': '455.919', 'end': '461.120', 'text': 'frustrated with an education system that'}, {'start': '458.319', 'end': '464.000', 'text': 'felt like a prison. The prospect of'}, {'start': '461.120', 'end': '466.319', 'text': 'looming military service at age 16, as'}, {'start': '464.000', 'end': '469.280', 'text': 'required of young men in Germany, hung'}, {'start': '466.319', 'end': '471.280', 'text': 'over him like a dark cloud. One gray'}, {'start': '469.280', 'end': '473.599', 'text': 'afternoon, after a particularly harsh'}, {'start': '471.280', 'end': '476.000', 'text': 'scolding at school, Albert reached a'}, {'start': '473.599', 'end': '478.240', 'text': 'breaking point. He returned to his empty'}, {'start': '476.000', 'end': '481.120', 'text': 'boarding house room, tears of anger'}, {'start': '478.240', 'end': '483.520', 'text': 'welling in his eyes. In a bold act of'}, {'start': '481.120', 'end': '485.360', 'text': 'teenage rebellion and desperation,'}, {'start': '483.520', 'end': '488.319', 'text': "Albert decided he couldn't bear it"}, {'start': '485.360', 'end': '490.319', 'text': 'anymore. He packed a small bag, slipped'}, {'start': '488.319', 'end': '492.960', 'text': 'out of the school gates, and boarded a'}, {'start': '490.319', 'end': '495.280', 'text': 'train south to Italy to find his family.'}, {'start': '492.960', 'end': '497.520', 'text': 'He left behind formal schooling, and'}, {'start': '495.280', 'end': '500.400', 'text': 'with it the conventional path laid out'}, {'start': '497.520', 'end': '502.240', 'text': 'for him. When Albert showed up on the'}, {'start': '500.400', 'end': '505.199', 'text': "doorstep of his parents' new home in"}, {'start': '502.240', 'end': '507.520', 'text': 'Pavia, his mother was shocked. His'}, {'start': '505.199', 'end': '510.319', 'text': 'father, though happy to see him safe,'}, {'start': '507.520', 'end': '512.640', 'text': 'was deeply worried. Albert was now a'}, {'start': '510.319', 'end': '515.120', 'text': 'school dropout and a draft dodger in the'}, {'start': '512.640', 'end': '517.360', 'text': 'eyes of the German authorities.'}, {'start': '515.120', 'end': '519.919', 'text': 'What future could await a 15-year-old'}, {'start': '517.360', 'end': '522.080', 'text': 'with no diploma and no country? For'}, {'start': '519.919', 'end': '524.320', 'text': 'Albert, determined not to return to'}, {'start': '522.080', 'end': '526.040', 'text': 'Germany, soon renounced his German'}, {'start': '524.320', 'end': '528.240', 'text': 'citizenship to avoid'}, {'start': '526.040', 'end': '531.040', 'text': 'conscription. Herman and Pauline'}, {'start': '528.240', 'end': '533.040', 'text': 'agonized over what to do. They knew'}, {'start': '531.040', 'end': '535.800', 'text': 'their son was brilliant, but society'}, {'start': '533.040', 'end': '539.279', 'text': 'might not be kind to an outsider like'}, {'start': '535.800', 'end': '541.440', 'text': 'him. Mother, anxious to Albert, how will'}, {'start': '539.279', 'end': '543.720', 'text': "you continue your education? You can't"}, {'start': '541.440', 'end': '547.680', 'text': 'just abandon school. Think of your'}, {'start': '543.720', 'end': '550.399', 'text': 'future, Albert. Earnest yet unsure. I'}, {'start': '547.680', 'end': '552.800', 'text': 'will study, mother, in my own way. The'}, {'start': '550.399', 'end': '556.040', 'text': "German system isn't for me. I suffocate"}, {'start': '552.800', 'end': '559.279', 'text': 'there. I need freedom to learn, to ask'}, {'start': '556.040', 'end': '561.800', 'text': 'questions, father, sighing, exchanging a'}, {'start': '559.279', 'end': '564.560', 'text': 'glance with mother. We understand,'}, {'start': '561.800', 'end': '567.279', 'text': "Albert. But promise us you'll still work"}, {'start': '564.560', 'end': '568.959', 'text': 'toward a diploma somehow. You must have'}, {'start': '567.279', 'end': '570.880', 'text': 'something to show for all that knowledge'}, {'start': '568.959', 'end': '573.519', 'text': 'in your head.'}, {'start': '570.880', 'end': '575.920', 'text': 'Albert nodded. In his heart, he was'}, {'start': '573.519', 'end': '578.560', 'text': 'determined to find a path forward.'}, {'start': '575.920', 'end': '580.320', 'text': 'Fortunately, a door opened. He learned'}, {'start': '578.560', 'end': '582.640', 'text': 'that the prestigious Swiss Federal'}, {'start': '580.320', 'end': '585.279', 'text': 'Polytechnic School in Zurich, often'}, {'start': '582.640', 'end': '588.000', 'text': 'called simply the Polytenic, later the'}, {'start': '585.279', 'end': '590.320', 'text': 'ETH, sometimes admitted students without'}, {'start': '588.000', 'end': '591.800', 'text': 'a traditional diploma, as long as they'}, {'start': '590.320', 'end': '594.959', 'text': 'passed the entrance'}, {'start': '591.800', 'end': '598.000', 'text': 'exam. Seizing this chance, 16-year-old'}, {'start': '594.959', 'end': '600.240', 'text': 'Einstein traveled to Switzerland in 1895'}, {'start': '598.000', 'end': '602.160', 'text': 'to sit for the exam.'}, {'start': '600.240', 'end': '604.160', 'text': 'He was the youngest applicant and'}, {'start': '602.160', 'end': '607.000', 'text': 'brimming with confidence in mathematics'}, {'start': '604.160', 'end': '610.480', 'text': 'and physics. Indeed, he aced those'}, {'start': '607.000', 'end': '613.120', 'text': 'sections scoring extraordinarily high.'}, {'start': '610.480', 'end': '616.720', 'text': 'However, in other areas like literature,'}, {'start': '613.120', 'end': '619.680', 'text': 'French and biology, he fared poorly. The'}, {'start': '616.720', 'end': '622.560', 'text': 'verdict came. He failed to pass the exam'}, {'start': '619.680', 'end': '624.720', 'text': 'that year. Albert was disappointed but'}, {'start': '622.560', 'end': '627.200', 'text': 'not defeated. Impressively, the'}, {'start': '624.720', 'end': '629.440', 'text': 'examiners saw his potential. They told'}, {'start': '627.200', 'end': '632.480', 'text': 'him he could enroll the next year if he'}, {'start': '629.440', 'end': '634.279', 'text': 'completed some additional schooling. So'}, {'start': '632.480', 'end': '636.880', 'text': 'in'}, {'start': '634.279', 'end': '639.200', 'text': '189596 Albert spent a year at a Swiss'}, {'start': '636.880', 'end': '642.240', 'text': 'high school in Ara living with the'}, {'start': '639.200', 'end': '644.079', 'text': 'family of Professor Jos Wintereller. For'}, {'start': '642.240', 'end': '646.800', 'text': 'the first time he experienced a more'}, {'start': '644.079', 'end': '648.959', 'text': 'liberal supportive education. His'}, {'start': '646.800', 'end': '651.200', 'text': 'teachers in Switzerland treated students'}, {'start': '648.959', 'end': '655.040', 'text': "more like peers. Questions weren't"}, {'start': '651.200', 'end': '657.519', 'text': 'scorned but welcomed. Albert thrived. He'}, {'start': '655.040', 'end': '659.600', 'text': 'also became close to the Winter family,'}, {'start': '657.519', 'end': '661.600', 'text': 'falling in innocent teenage love with'}, {'start': '659.600', 'end': '664.800', 'text': 'their daughter, Marie, and finding a'}, {'start': '661.600', 'end': '667.440', 'text': 'lifelong friend in their son, Paul. In'}, {'start': '664.800', 'end': '669.920', 'text': "Ara's relaxed environment, Albert's"}, {'start': '667.440', 'end': '671.440', 'text': 'spirit and confidence rebounded. He'}, {'start': '669.920', 'end': '673.680', 'text': 'finished high school with excellent'}, {'start': '671.440', 'end': '676.880', 'text': 'grades and even renounced his German'}, {'start': '673.680', 'end': '678.959', 'text': 'citizenship formally in early 1896.'}, {'start': '676.880', 'end': '682.000', 'text': 'Content to be stateless for a while if'}, {'start': '678.959', 'end': '684.160', 'text': 'it meant personal freedom. At long last,'}, {'start': '682.000', 'end': '687.360', 'text': 'he was admitted to the Zurich Polytenic'}, {'start': '684.160', 'end': '689.760', 'text': 'at age 17. As he left his parents once'}, {'start': '687.360', 'end': '692.480', 'text': 'again to begin his college life, Albert'}, {'start': '689.760', 'end': '694.480', 'text': 'felt a renewed sense of purpose. The'}, {'start': '692.480', 'end': '696.160', 'text': 'painful chapter of rigid schooling was'}, {'start': '694.480', 'end': '698.880', 'text': 'closing, and a new one full of'}, {'start': '696.160', 'end': '700.800', 'text': 'possibility was about to begin. Thus,'}, {'start': '698.880', 'end': '703.519', 'text': 'the curious child who once sat'}, {'start': '700.800', 'end': '706.240', 'text': 'mesmerized by a compass had fought his'}, {'start': '703.519', 'end': '708.480', 'text': 'first battles against convention. Little'}, {'start': '706.240', 'end': '711.160', 'text': 'did anyone know, this was only the'}, {'start': '708.480', 'end': '713.279', 'text': "beginning. Albert's journey was about to"}, {'start': '711.160', 'end': '715.040', 'text': 'accelerate, propelling him toward'}, {'start': '713.279', 'end': '716.750', 'text': 'discoveries that would forever change'}, {'start': '715.040', 'end': '719.879', 'text': 'how we see our'}, {'start': '716.750', 'end': '719.879', 'text': '[Music]'}, {'start': '722.279', 'end': '726.560', 'text': 'world, struggles and sparks of'}, {'start': '729.000', 'end': '735.360', 'text': 'youth. Zurich in the late 1890s was a'}, {'start': '732.800', 'end': '738.240', 'text': 'vibrant hub of intellectual activity and'}, {'start': '735.360', 'end': '740.920', 'text': 'cultural openness. When 17-year-old'}, {'start': '738.240', 'end': '744.560', 'text': 'Albert Einstein arrived to enroll in the'}, {'start': '740.920', 'end': '747.600', 'text': 'polytenic Eyee Zurich, he felt almost as'}, {'start': '744.560', 'end': '750.720', 'text': "if he'd finally come home. Gone were the"}, {'start': '747.600', 'end': '753.079', 'text': 'suffocating classrooms of Munich. Here,'}, {'start': '750.720', 'end': '755.440', 'text': 'professors encouraged understanding over'}, {'start': '753.079', 'end': '758.160', 'text': 'memorization, and students from all over'}, {'start': '755.440', 'end': '760.720', 'text': 'Europe mingled freely, exchanging ideas'}, {'start': '758.160', 'end': '762.399', 'text': 'in multiple languages at cafes and in'}, {'start': '760.720', 'end': '764.720', 'text': 'lecture halls.'}, {'start': '762.399', 'end': '766.600', 'text': 'Albert eagerly dove into advanced'}, {'start': '764.720', 'end': '768.959', 'text': 'studies of physics and'}, {'start': '766.600', 'end': '771.760', 'text': 'mathematics. One of his classmates was a'}, {'start': '768.959', 'end': '773.279', 'text': 'bright Serbian woman, Mleva Maric, the'}, {'start': '771.760', 'end': '775.920', 'text': 'only female student in the physics'}, {'start': '773.279', 'end': '778.000', 'text': 'department. Mleva was a few years older,'}, {'start': '775.920', 'end': '780.639', 'text': 'fiercely intelligent and independent,'}, {'start': '778.000', 'end': '782.639', 'text': "and shared Albert's passion for science."}, {'start': '780.639', 'end': '784.560', 'text': 'Initially, some of their male peers'}, {'start': '782.639', 'end': '787.120', 'text': 'doubted whether a woman could keep up in'}, {'start': '784.560', 'end': '788.800', 'text': 'such a demanding program, but Mava'}, {'start': '787.120', 'end': '791.920', 'text': 'quickly proved herself with her sharp'}, {'start': '788.800', 'end': '793.440', 'text': 'intellect. Albert was impressed. Here'}, {'start': '791.920', 'end': '796.160', 'text': 'was someone who could match him in'}, {'start': '793.440', 'end': '799.279', 'text': "debates about Maxwell's equations or the"}, {'start': '796.160', 'end': '801.279', 'text': 'latest paper by Boltzman. Study sessions'}, {'start': '799.279', 'end': '803.279', 'text': 'turned into long walks by the Limit'}, {'start': '801.279', 'end': '805.880', 'text': 'River where they discussed everything'}, {'start': '803.279', 'end': '808.480', 'text': 'from physics to classical music and'}, {'start': '805.880', 'end': '810.440', 'text': 'philosophy. Over time, friendship'}, {'start': '808.480', 'end': '813.760', 'text': 'blossomed into quiet'}, {'start': '810.440', 'end': '816.480', 'text': 'love. Albert laughing as he and Ma'}, {'start': '813.760', 'end': '818.639', 'text': 'stroll through campus. You know, when I'}, {'start': '816.480', 'end': '820.560', 'text': 'first saw you in class, I never imagined'}, {'start': '818.639', 'end': '824.160', 'text': "I'd find someone who loves physics as"}, {'start': '820.560', 'end': '826.560', 'text': 'much as I do. Mleva, teasing. Is that'}, {'start': '824.160', 'end': '830.360', 'text': 'so? Perhaps you just never imagined it'}, {'start': '826.560', 'end': '833.440', 'text': 'would be a woman. Albert, grinning.'}, {'start': '830.360', 'end': '836.399', 'text': 'Touché. But truly, Mitza, using her'}, {'start': '833.440', 'end': '839.680', 'text': 'nickname fondly, discussing ideas with'}, {'start': '836.399', 'end': '843.120', 'text': "you. It's like our minds dance. I've"}, {'start': '839.680', 'end': '845.199', 'text': 'never had that with anyone else. Mleva,'}, {'start': '843.120', 'end': '846.839', 'text': 'smiling softly.'}, {'start': '845.199', 'end': '850.160', 'text': 'Neither have I,'}, {'start': '846.839', 'end': '852.720', 'text': 'Albert. Their romance faced challenges.'}, {'start': '850.160', 'end': '855.760', 'text': "Albert's parents, upon hearing of Mleva,"}, {'start': '852.720', 'end': '858.160', 'text': 'were not thrilled. Pauline Einstein was'}, {'start': '855.760', 'end': '860.320', 'text': 'concerned that Mleva was older, not'}, {'start': '858.160', 'end': '863.199', 'text': 'Jewish, and that marriage would distract'}, {'start': '860.320', 'end': '865.040', 'text': 'Albert from his career prospects. But'}, {'start': '863.199', 'end': '867.680', 'text': 'the young couple persisted in their'}, {'start': '865.040', 'end': '870.959', 'text': 'affection, forging a bond through shared'}, {'start': '867.680', 'end': '873.360', 'text': 'dreams and struggles. Meanwhile, Albert'}, {'start': '870.959', 'end': '875.440', 'text': 'also befriended other classmates like'}, {'start': '873.360', 'end': '877.920', 'text': 'Marcel Grossman, a meticulous'}, {'start': '875.440', 'end': '880.720', 'text': 'mathematician who often lent Albert his'}, {'start': '877.920', 'end': '882.760', 'text': 'class notes. Albert, though brilliant,'}, {'start': '880.720', 'end': '885.519', 'text': 'sometimes skipped lectures he found'}, {'start': '882.760', 'end': '888.560', 'text': "dull. Grossman's organized mind"}, {'start': '885.519', 'end': '890.880', 'text': "complimented Albert's imaginative flare."}, {'start': '888.560', 'end': '892.959', 'text': 'Another dear friend was Michelle Besso,'}, {'start': '890.880', 'end': '895.040', 'text': 'a soft-spoken engineering student with'}, {'start': '892.959', 'end': '897.199', 'text': 'whom Albert loved to discuss philosophy'}, {'start': '895.040', 'end': '899.519', 'text': 'and physics late into the night over'}, {'start': '897.199', 'end': '901.440', 'text': 'cups of strong coffee.'}, {'start': '899.519', 'end': '904.800', 'text': 'These friendships would prove crucial in'}, {'start': '901.440', 'end': '907.040', 'text': 'the years ahead. By 1900, Albert'}, {'start': '904.800', 'end': '908.120', 'text': 'graduated with his diploma in physics'}, {'start': '907.040', 'end': '910.240', 'text': 'from the'}, {'start': '908.120', 'end': '912.240', 'text': 'polytenic. One might expect the'}, {'start': '910.240', 'end': '914.160', 'text': 'prodigious young man to be immediately'}, {'start': '912.240', 'end': '917.600', 'text': 'snapped up by a university as a'}, {'start': '914.160', 'end': '920.560', 'text': 'researcher or lecturer. Instead, Albert'}, {'start': '917.600', 'end': '923.120', 'text': 'hit a wall of closed doors. Despite his'}, {'start': '920.560', 'end': '925.680', 'text': 'obvious talent, he had alienated a few'}, {'start': '923.120', 'end': '928.160', 'text': 'professors by his brashness and habit of'}, {'start': '925.680', 'end': '930.320', 'text': 'cutting class. When he asked for'}, {'start': '928.160', 'end': '932.800', 'text': 'recommendation letters, one professor'}, {'start': '930.320', 'end': '935.040', 'text': 'famously refused, reportedly saying,'}, {'start': '932.800', 'end': '937.279', 'text': '"You\'re a smart fellow, Einstein, a'}, {'start': '935.040', 'end': '940.120', 'text': 'brilliant one, but you have one great'}, {'start': '937.279', 'end': '942.959', 'text': "fault. You'll never let yourself be told"}, {'start': '940.120', 'end': '945.279', 'text': 'anything." With lukewarm references,'}, {'start': '942.959', 'end': '948.320', 'text': 'Einstein could not secure the academic'}, {'start': '945.279', 'end': '951.360', 'text': 'posts he applied for. Months turned into'}, {'start': '948.320', 'end': '953.920', 'text': 'a year and still no job.'}, {'start': '951.360', 'end': '955.920', 'text': 'To make matters worse, Mleva, whom he'}, {'start': '953.920', 'end': '958.079', 'text': 'hoped to marry, had failed her final'}, {'start': '955.920', 'end': '958.920', 'text': 'exams and was struggling with her own'}, {'start': '958.079', 'end': '962.000', 'text': 'career'}, {'start': '958.920', 'end': '963.720', 'text': 'prospects. The couple, deeply in love,'}, {'start': '962.000', 'end': '966.560', 'text': 'found themselves in a precarious'}, {'start': '963.720', 'end': '968.800', 'text': 'situation. Two educated but unemployed'}, {'start': '966.560', 'end': '971.720', 'text': "young people, surviving on Albert's"}, {'start': '968.800', 'end': '974.160', 'text': 'small tutoring gigs and assistance from'}, {'start': '971.720', 'end': '977.440', 'text': 'family. They spent some time apart as'}, {'start': '974.160', 'end': '980.079', 'text': 'Mava returned to Serbia for a while. In'}, {'start': '977.440', 'end': '981.240', 'text': 'this period of uncertainty, Albert grew'}, {'start': '980.079', 'end': '983.199', 'text': 'anxious and'}, {'start': '981.240', 'end': '986.160', 'text': 'depressed. How was he to support'}, {'start': '983.199', 'end': '988.720', 'text': 'himself, let alone a family? Would all'}, {'start': '986.160', 'end': '991.600', 'text': 'his potential be wasted? The shadow of'}, {'start': '988.720', 'end': '994.600', 'text': 'failure loomed. A poignant scene'}, {'start': '991.600', 'end': '997.680', 'text': 'unfolded in the Einstein household in'}, {'start': '994.600', 'end': '999.600', 'text': '1901. Albert, back home in Switzerland,'}, {'start': '997.680', 'end': '1002.320', 'text': 'sat at the kitchen table with a letter'}, {'start': '999.600', 'end': '1005.120', 'text': 'from his father in hand. Herman'}, {'start': '1002.320', 'end': '1007.040', 'text': 'Einstein, ever the concerned parent, had'}, {'start': '1005.120', 'end': '1009.880', 'text': 'written from Italy offering gentle'}, {'start': '1007.040', 'end': '1012.399', 'text': 'advice and a bit of money to tide Albert'}, {'start': '1009.880', 'end': '1014.880', 'text': 'over. Albert ran a hand through his'}, {'start': '1012.399', 'end': '1018.320', 'text': "unruly hair as he read his father's"}, {'start': '1014.880', 'end': '1021.360', 'text': 'words, urging patience. His eyes burned'}, {'start': '1018.320', 'end': '1023.559', 'text': 'with tears of frustration and shame. He'}, {'start': '1021.360', 'end': '1026.079', 'text': 'felt he had let his family'}, {'start': '1023.559', 'end': '1027.280', 'text': 'down. Pauline put a bowl of soup in'}, {'start': '1026.079', 'end': '1028.799', 'text': 'front of him and rubbed his back'}, {'start': '1027.280', 'end': '1031.280', 'text': 'soothingly.'}, {'start': '1028.799', 'end': '1034.559', 'text': "mother softly. It's your favorite,"}, {'start': '1031.280', 'end': '1037.039', 'text': 'Albert. Try to eat a little. Albert,'}, {'start': '1034.559', 'end': '1039.679', 'text': 'clenching the letter. Father says I'}, {'start': '1037.039', 'end': '1041.919', 'text': "should hang on. He doesn't blame me, but"}, {'start': '1039.679', 'end': '1045.360', 'text': "I can tell he's worried. What have I"}, {'start': '1041.919', 'end': '1048.240', 'text': "accomplished? I'm 22, jobless, and I've"}, {'start': '1045.360', 'end': '1049.880', 'text': 'broken your expectations at every turn.'}, {'start': '1048.240', 'end': '1052.960', 'text': 'Mother with quiet'}, {'start': '1049.880', 'end': '1055.360', 'text': 'firmness. Listen to me. The conventional'}, {'start': '1052.960', 'end': '1057.520', 'text': 'path never suited you. We learned that'}, {'start': '1055.360', 'end': '1060.080', 'text': 'when you were a boy. You will find your'}, {'start': '1057.520', 'end': '1061.720', 'text': 'way just as you always have. Remember'}, {'start': '1060.080', 'end': '1066.000', 'text': 'that little compass? You will find your'}, {'start': '1061.720', 'end': '1068.799', 'text': 'north. That north arrived in 1902 by way'}, {'start': '1066.000', 'end': '1070.880', 'text': 'of his old friend Marcel Grossman.'}, {'start': '1068.799', 'end': '1073.360', 'text': "Grossman's father had connections at the"}, {'start': '1070.880', 'end': '1076.640', 'text': 'Swiss patent office in Baron and helped'}, {'start': '1073.360', 'end': '1080.480', 'text': 'secure Einstein an interview. In June'}, {'start': '1076.640', 'end': '1083.200', 'text': '1902, at age 23, Albert Einstein finally'}, {'start': '1080.480', 'end': '1086.240', 'text': 'landed a steady job as a technical'}, {'start': '1083.200', 'end': '1088.559', 'text': 'clerk, third class at the patent office.'}, {'start': '1086.240', 'end': '1092.240', 'text': 'The pay was modest, but it was enough to'}, {'start': '1088.559', 'end': '1094.240', 'text': 'live on. Relief washed over him. That'}, {'start': '1092.240', 'end': '1097.600', 'text': 'same year, though, brought a deep'}, {'start': '1094.240', 'end': '1101.039', 'text': "personal blow. Herman Einstein, Albert's"}, {'start': '1097.600', 'end': '1103.400', 'text': 'beloved father, died in October 1902,'}, {'start': '1101.039', 'end': '1106.400', 'text': 'never having seen his son achieve'}, {'start': '1103.400', 'end': '1108.559', 'text': 'success. Albert was heartbroken. He'}, {'start': '1106.400', 'end': '1110.640', 'text': 'traveled to Milan for the funeral and'}, {'start': '1108.559', 'end': '1113.919', 'text': "stood at his father's grave, feeling"}, {'start': '1110.640', 'end': '1115.840', 'text': 'both grief and regret. If only Herman'}, {'start': '1113.919', 'end': '1118.120', 'text': 'could have held on a bit longer to'}, {'start': '1115.840', 'end': '1120.160', 'text': 'witness the better days that were just'}, {'start': '1118.120', 'end': '1122.720', 'text': 'beginning. Albert returned to'}, {'start': '1120.160', 'end': '1125.360', 'text': 'Switzerland determined to make his mark.'}, {'start': '1122.720', 'end': '1128.080', 'text': 'The patent office job while routine'}, {'start': '1125.360', 'end': '1130.000', 'text': 'turned out to be a blessing in disguise.'}, {'start': '1128.080', 'end': '1131.919', 'text': 'With his quick intellect, he finished'}, {'start': '1130.000', 'end': '1134.400', 'text': 'his official work reviewing patent'}, {'start': '1131.919', 'end': '1137.679', 'text': 'applications in a few hours, which left'}, {'start': '1134.400', 'end': '1139.760', 'text': 'him free time at his desk. Cunningly, he'}, {'start': '1137.679', 'end': '1142.000', 'text': 'used those spare hours to scribble'}, {'start': '1139.760', 'end': '1144.960', 'text': 'equations and ideas on scrap paper'}, {'start': '1142.000', 'end': '1147.200', 'text': 'hidden in his desk drawer. By evening,'}, {'start': '1144.960', 'end': '1150.080', 'text': 'when he returned to his tiny rented flat'}, {'start': '1147.200', 'end': '1152.240', 'text': "on Krgasa in Burn, just above a shop's"}, {'start': '1150.080', 'end': '1155.520', 'text': 'line street, he was ready to immerse'}, {'start': '1152.240', 'end': '1157.919', 'text': 'himself in pure science. Mleva had moved'}, {'start': '1155.520', 'end': '1161.280', 'text': 'to join him in Burn. The two finally'}, {'start': '1157.919', 'end': '1162.960', 'text': 'married in January 1903 in a small civil'}, {'start': '1161.280', 'end': '1165.440', 'text': 'ceremony with only close friends'}, {'start': '1162.960', 'end': '1167.360', 'text': 'present. They set up a humble home, and'}, {'start': '1165.440', 'end': '1168.760', 'text': 'though money was tight, they were happy'}, {'start': '1167.360', 'end': '1171.440', 'text': 'to be together at'}, {'start': '1168.760', 'end': '1173.280', 'text': 'last. Their apartment became a gathering'}, {'start': '1171.440', 'end': '1175.360', 'text': 'place for a little group of intellectual'}, {'start': '1173.280', 'end': '1176.679', 'text': 'friends whimsically nicknamed the'}, {'start': '1175.360', 'end': '1179.679', 'text': 'Olympia'}, {'start': '1176.679', 'end': '1181.840', 'text': 'Academy. Einstein, Besso, and another'}, {'start': '1179.679', 'end': '1184.880', 'text': 'friend, Maurice Solivine, would meet'}, {'start': '1181.840', 'end': '1187.360', 'text': 'regularly, often joined by Ma to discuss'}, {'start': '1184.880', 'end': '1189.679', 'text': 'physics, philosophy, and literature.'}, {'start': '1187.360', 'end': '1192.880', 'text': 'They read papers and books, debated'}, {'start': '1189.679', 'end': '1195.039', 'text': 'ideas, and encouraged one another. These'}, {'start': '1192.880', 'end': '1197.200', 'text': "lively evenings kept Einstein's"}, {'start': '1195.039', 'end': '1199.720', 'text': 'theoretical fires burning while he'}, {'start': '1197.200', 'end': '1203.679', 'text': 'toiled at the patent office by'}, {'start': '1199.720', 'end': '1206.080', 'text': 'day. One night in early 1905, Albert'}, {'start': '1203.679', 'end': '1208.640', 'text': 'paced the living room after dinner, a'}, {'start': '1206.080', 'end': '1211.280', 'text': 'farway look in his eyes. He had been'}, {'start': '1208.640', 'end': '1214.880', 'text': 'mulling over a puzzling problem. What'}, {'start': '1211.280', 'end': '1216.960', 'text': 'really is the nature of light and time?'}, {'start': '1214.880', 'end': '1219.440', 'text': 'He had chased this question since he was'}, {'start': '1216.960', 'end': '1223.200', 'text': '16. Ever since imagining riding'}, {'start': '1219.440', 'end': '1225.600', 'text': 'alongside a beam of light. Now nearly a'}, {'start': '1223.200', 'end': '1228.400', 'text': 'decade later, he felt on the verge of'}, {'start': '1225.600', 'end': '1230.240', 'text': 'something profound. Mleva watched him'}, {'start': '1228.400', 'end': '1233.200', 'text': 'with concern and affection as he'}, {'start': '1230.240', 'end': '1236.280', 'text': 'muttered to himself. Suddenly, Albert'}, {'start': '1233.200', 'end': '1240.080', 'text': 'stopped pacing and broke into a radiant'}, {'start': '1236.280', 'end': '1242.799', 'text': 'smile. Albert excitedly, "I think I'}, {'start': '1240.080', 'end': '1246.880', 'text': 'think I\'ve got it." Mava looking up from'}, {'start': '1242.799', 'end': '1250.159', 'text': 'her sewing. Got what dear Albert? An'}, {'start': '1246.880', 'end': '1252.960', 'text': 'idea? No, a theory about time and light.'}, {'start': '1250.159', 'end': '1254.640', 'text': "If I'm right, time itself slows down or"}, {'start': '1252.960', 'end': '1258.320', 'text': "speeds up depending on how you're"}, {'start': '1254.640', 'end': '1261.280', 'text': 'moving. Mava wideeyed. What do you mean?'}, {'start': '1258.320', 'end': '1264.000', 'text': 'That sounds impossible. Albert grabbing'}, {'start': '1261.280', 'end': '1266.720', 'text': 'a notebook, sketching fervently. Imagine'}, {'start': '1264.000', 'end': '1269.200', 'text': 'two clocks, one here on the wall and one'}, {'start': '1266.720', 'end': '1271.120', 'text': 'speeding away on a fast train. The one'}, {'start': '1269.200', 'end': '1273.360', 'text': 'on the train would tick slower compared'}, {'start': '1271.120', 'end': '1275.200', 'text': 'to the one on the wall. Not because'}, {'start': '1273.360', 'end': '1277.360', 'text': "there's anything wrong with the clocks,"}, {'start': '1275.200', 'end': '1280.640', 'text': 'but because time itself runs differently'}, {'start': '1277.360', 'end': '1283.600', 'text': 'for them. And light light speed is'}, {'start': '1280.640', 'end': '1287.600', 'text': 'constant. Nothing goes faster. To keep'}, {'start': '1283.600', 'end': '1290.400', 'text': 'that true, time and space must adjust.'}, {'start': '1287.600', 'end': '1293.440', 'text': 'Mva approached as Albert in a flurry'}, {'start': '1290.400', 'end': '1295.679', 'text': "filled pages with equations. She didn't"}, {'start': '1293.440', 'end': '1298.760', 'text': 'grasp everything, but she understood it'}, {'start': '1295.679', 'end': '1302.159', 'text': 'was big. She rested a hand on his'}, {'start': '1298.760', 'end': '1303.919', 'text': 'shoulder. Mleva softly. This is your'}, {'start': '1302.159', 'end': '1306.799', 'text': "light beam, isn't it? The one you've"}, {'start': '1303.919', 'end': '1310.080', 'text': 'been chasing all these years. Albert,'}, {'start': '1306.799', 'end': '1310.880', 'text': 'smiling at her. Yes. And I finally'}, {'start': '1310.080', 'end': '1314.630', 'text': 'caught up to'}, {'start': '1310.880', 'end': '1314.630', 'text': '[Music]'}, {'start': '1316.200', 'end': '1320.919', 'text': 'it. Miracle year 1905.'}, {'start': '1322.720', 'end': '1328.159', 'text': 'That year, 1905, would later be called'}, {'start': '1325.280', 'end': '1329.799', 'text': "Einstein's miracle year. In the span of"}, {'start': '1328.159', 'end': '1332.320', 'text': 'a few months, working in utter'}, {'start': '1329.799', 'end': '1334.400', 'text': 'obscurity, Albert Einstein wrote a'}, {'start': '1332.320', 'end': '1338.480', 'text': 'series of scientific papers that would'}, {'start': '1334.400', 'end': '1340.080', 'text': 'transform physics. He was just 26. One'}, {'start': '1338.480', 'end': '1342.559', 'text': 'paper explained the mysterious'}, {'start': '1340.080', 'end': '1344.320', 'text': 'phenomenon of Brownian motion, the'}, {'start': '1342.559', 'end': '1347.039', 'text': 'jittery movement of microscopic'}, {'start': '1344.320', 'end': '1350.000', 'text': 'particles in water by proving that atoms'}, {'start': '1347.039', 'end': '1352.480', 'text': 'and molecules whose existence some still'}, {'start': '1350.000', 'end': '1355.360', 'text': 'doubted must be real and their'}, {'start': '1352.480', 'end': '1357.440', 'text': 'collisions cause the jiggling. Another'}, {'start': '1355.360', 'end': '1359.679', 'text': 'paper solved a perplexing puzzle about'}, {'start': '1357.440', 'end': '1361.440', 'text': 'the photoelectric effect, showing that'}, {'start': '1359.679', 'end': '1364.400', 'text': 'light can behave like discrete'}, {'start': '1361.440', 'end': '1366.400', 'text': 'particles, later called photons, an'}, {'start': '1364.400', 'end': '1369.039', 'text': 'insight that challenged conventional'}, {'start': '1366.400', 'end': '1373.120', 'text': 'wave theory and would later earn him a'}, {'start': '1369.039', 'end': '1374.960', 'text': 'Nobel Prize. And in June 1905, he'}, {'start': '1373.120', 'end': '1377.760', 'text': 'completed the paper on what he called'}, {'start': '1374.960', 'end': '1379.600', 'text': 'the special theory of relativity. the'}, {'start': '1377.760', 'end': '1381.760', 'text': 'idea that time and space are not'}, {'start': '1379.600', 'end': '1383.760', 'text': 'absolute but relative to the motion of'}, {'start': '1381.760', 'end': '1386.559', 'text': 'the observer and that the speed of light'}, {'start': '1383.760', 'end': '1388.720', 'text': 'is a cosmic speed limit. In a quick'}, {'start': '1386.559', 'end': '1392.200', 'text': 'follow-up later that year, he included a'}, {'start': '1388.720', 'end': '1395.280', 'text': 'tiny equation with huge implications.'}, {'start': '1392.200', 'end': '1398.159', 'text': 'ERMC2 meaning energy and mass are two'}, {'start': '1395.280', 'end': '1400.400', 'text': 'forms of the same thing. Matter could in'}, {'start': '1398.159', 'end': '1402.480', 'text': 'theory be converted to energy and vice'}, {'start': '1400.400', 'end': '1406.159', 'text': 'versa. A fact that would one day'}, {'start': '1402.480', 'end': '1408.480', 'text': 'underpin nuclear power and weapons. At'}, {'start': '1406.159', 'end': '1410.960', 'text': 'first, these publications in an academic'}, {'start': '1408.480', 'end': '1412.960', 'text': 'journal went largely unnoticed. After'}, {'start': '1410.960', 'end': '1416.320', 'text': 'all, who would expect breakthroughs from'}, {'start': '1412.960', 'end': '1418.640', 'text': 'an unknown patent clerk in burn. But'}, {'start': '1416.320', 'end': '1422.240', 'text': "Albert's time in the shadows was drawing"}, {'start': '1418.640', 'end': '1424.640', 'text': 'to an end. Slowly, word spread in the'}, {'start': '1422.240', 'end': '1427.840', 'text': 'small world of physics that a mind of'}, {'start': '1424.640', 'end': '1429.280', 'text': 'exceptional depth had arrived. Einstein'}, {'start': '1427.840', 'end': '1431.760', 'text': 'received his doctorate from the'}, {'start': '1429.280', 'end': '1433.440', 'text': 'University of Zurich that same year. His'}, {'start': '1431.760', 'end': '1437.360', 'text': 'dissertation had been on molecular'}, {'start': '1433.440', 'end': '1439.200', 'text': 'sizes, another triumph. By 1908, he'}, {'start': '1437.360', 'end': '1441.760', 'text': 'finally left the patent office when he'}, {'start': '1439.200', 'end': '1444.640', 'text': 'was offered a position as a lecturer.'}, {'start': '1441.760', 'end': '1447.440', 'text': 'Academia had opened its doors at last.'}, {'start': '1444.640', 'end': '1450.960', 'text': 'Mleva and Albert, now with a toddler son'}, {'start': '1447.440', 'end': '1453.760', 'text': 'named Hans Albert, born in 1904, moved'}, {'start': '1450.960', 'end': '1456.400', 'text': 'from Baron to Zurich and later to Prague'}, {'start': '1453.760', 'end': '1459.440', 'text': "and back to Zurich. As Albert's academic"}, {'start': '1456.400', 'end': '1461.520', 'text': 'career gained momentum, he was no longer'}, {'start': '1459.440', 'end': '1464.240', 'text': 'the struggling young man of a few years'}, {'start': '1461.520', 'end': '1467.840', 'text': 'before. He was making a name for himself'}, {'start': '1464.240', 'end': '1471.120', 'text': 'as a rising star in theoretical physics.'}, {'start': '1467.840', 'end': '1473.120', 'text': 'Yet, success came at a personal cost.'}, {'start': '1471.120', 'end': '1475.919', 'text': 'The intense focus and obsession that'}, {'start': '1473.120', 'end': '1478.799', 'text': "fueled Albert's genius also strained his"}, {'start': '1475.919', 'end': '1481.120', 'text': 'home life. Mleva had her own scientific'}, {'start': '1478.799', 'end': '1483.360', 'text': 'ambitions once, but she was now often'}, {'start': '1481.120', 'end': '1486.640', 'text': 'occupied with the children. Their second'}, {'start': '1483.360', 'end': '1488.720', 'text': 'son, Edward, was born in 1910, and'}, {'start': '1486.640', 'end': '1491.600', 'text': 'managing household moves as Albert'}, {'start': '1488.720', 'end': '1493.840', 'text': 'chased positions. The two still cared'}, {'start': '1491.600', 'end': '1495.919', 'text': 'for each other. But the partnership that'}, {'start': '1493.840', 'end': '1498.480', 'text': 'once saw them discussing physics late'}, {'start': '1495.919', 'end': '1501.200', 'text': 'into the night grew frayed. Albert could'}, {'start': '1498.480', 'end': '1503.720', 'text': 'be moody and impatient at home, his mind'}, {'start': '1501.200', 'end': '1507.279', 'text': 'perpetually elsewhere, wrapped in'}, {'start': '1503.720', 'end': '1510.320', 'text': 'equations. Mava, lonely and exhausted,'}, {'start': '1507.279', 'end': '1512.720', 'text': 'felt unappreciated. Their arguments grew'}, {'start': '1510.320', 'end': '1516.640', 'text': 'more frequent. friends noticed the'}, {'start': '1512.720', 'end': '1518.480', 'text': 'warmth between them cooling. In 1914,'}, {'start': '1516.640', 'end': '1521.039', 'text': 'Einstein received a prestigious'}, {'start': '1518.480', 'end': '1523.440', 'text': 'invitation to Berlin, a return to his'}, {'start': '1521.039', 'end': '1525.679', 'text': 'German homeland with membership in the'}, {'start': '1523.440', 'end': '1527.679', 'text': 'Prussian Academy of Sciences and a'}, {'start': '1525.679', 'end': '1530.159', 'text': 'research professorship without teaching'}, {'start': '1527.679', 'end': '1531.400', 'text': 'duties, meaning all the time in the'}, {'start': '1530.159', 'end': '1533.919', 'text': 'world to'}, {'start': '1531.400', 'end': '1535.679', 'text': 'think. For a theorist on the verge of'}, {'start': '1533.919', 'end': '1538.000', 'text': 'his next breakthrough, general'}, {'start': '1535.679', 'end': '1541.039', 'text': 'relativity, it was an irresistible'}, {'start': '1538.000', 'end': '1543.440', 'text': 'offer. Mava however dreaded moving to'}, {'start': '1541.039', 'end': '1545.200', 'text': 'Germany where she felt an outsider.'}, {'start': '1543.440', 'end': '1547.919', 'text': 'Their marriage was in deep trouble by'}, {'start': '1545.200', 'end': '1550.159', 'text': 'then. Ultimately Albert went to Berlin'}, {'start': '1547.919', 'end': '1552.240', 'text': 'alone while Mavva stayed in Zurich with'}, {'start': '1550.159', 'end': '1554.880', 'text': 'the children hoping perhaps that a'}, {'start': '1552.240', 'end': '1557.120', 'text': 'separation might mend their wounds. It'}, {'start': '1554.880', 'end': '1558.840', 'text': 'was a heartbreaking decision and a sign'}, {'start': '1557.120', 'end': '1562.000', 'text': 'that their marriage was effectively'}, {'start': '1558.840', 'end': '1564.559', 'text': 'over. The following year, as World War I'}, {'start': '1562.000', 'end': '1567.279', 'text': 'raged, Mleva and the boys permanently'}, {'start': '1564.559', 'end': '1569.600', 'text': 'left Berlin to return to Switzerland.'}, {'start': '1567.279', 'end': '1572.400', 'text': 'Einstein stayed behind in Berlin and'}, {'start': '1569.600', 'end': '1574.799', 'text': 'they would divorce a few years later. It'}, {'start': '1572.400', 'end': '1577.440', 'text': 'was an unhappy chapter, but one largely'}, {'start': '1574.799', 'end': '1579.440', 'text': 'left out of the limelight at the time.'}, {'start': '1577.440', 'end': '1581.159', 'text': 'Einstein immersed himself in work to'}, {'start': '1579.440', 'end': '1583.880', 'text': 'cope with the personal'}, {'start': '1581.159', 'end': '1586.880', 'text': 'turmoil. Every great journey has its'}, {'start': '1583.880', 'end': '1589.200', 'text': 'trials. For Albert, the years of youth'}, {'start': '1586.880', 'end': '1591.279', 'text': 'held hardship and heartbreak alongside'}, {'start': '1589.200', 'end': '1592.880', 'text': 'brilliance. He had emerged from'}, {'start': '1591.279', 'end': '1595.640', 'text': 'obscurity and struggle with'}, {'start': '1592.880', 'end': '1598.159', 'text': 'worldchanging ideas, but not without'}, {'start': '1595.640', 'end': '1600.720', 'text': 'sacrifice. As he stood on the cusp of'}, {'start': '1598.159', 'end': '1602.960', 'text': 'his greatest scientific triumph, Albert'}, {'start': '1600.720', 'end': '1605.360', 'text': 'Einstein was about to learn that even a'}, {'start': '1602.960', 'end': '1606.200', 'text': 'genius cannot escape the upheavalss of a'}, {'start': '1605.360', 'end': '1609.380', 'text': 'changing'}, {'start': '1606.200', 'end': '1609.380', 'text': '[Music]'}, {'start': '1611.400', 'end': '1616.320', 'text': 'world. General Relativity triumph amid'}, {'start': '1619.799', 'end': '1625.039', 'text': 'turmoil. Berlin, 1915.'}, {'start': '1623.360', 'end': '1627.520', 'text': 'Outside the windows of the Prussian'}, {'start': '1625.039', 'end': '1630.559', 'text': 'Academy, the city hummed with the grim'}, {'start': '1627.520', 'end': '1633.279', 'text': 'energy of a nation at war. But inside'}, {'start': '1630.559', 'end': '1635.360', 'text': 'his quiet office, Albert Einstein paid'}, {'start': '1633.279', 'end': '1637.919', 'text': 'little heed to the marching soldiers and'}, {'start': '1635.360', 'end': '1640.039', 'text': 'propaganda posters. His mind was'}, {'start': '1637.919', 'end': '1642.880', 'text': 'grappling with the cosmos'}, {'start': '1640.039', 'end': '1645.279', 'text': 'itself. For nearly a decade, he had been'}, {'start': '1642.880', 'end': '1647.520', 'text': 'obsessed with a question. How to extend'}, {'start': '1645.279', 'end': '1650.400', 'text': 'his theory of relativity to include'}, {'start': '1647.520', 'end': '1653.760', 'text': 'gravity? The special relativity theory'}, {'start': '1650.400', 'end': '1656.000', 'text': 'of 1905 had left gravity, the force that'}, {'start': '1653.760', 'end': '1657.640', 'text': 'shapes the fall of apples and the orbits'}, {'start': '1656.000', 'end': '1660.640', 'text': 'of planets'}, {'start': '1657.640', 'end': '1663.440', 'text': 'unexplained. Einstein felt that the key'}, {'start': '1660.640', 'end': '1666.080', 'text': 'lay in a radical idea that gravity is'}, {'start': '1663.440', 'end': '1668.320', 'text': 'not really a force pulling objects, but'}, {'start': '1666.080', 'end': '1671.279', 'text': 'rather a curvature of space and time'}, {'start': '1668.320', 'end': '1673.919', 'text': 'caused by mass. It was an idea so'}, {'start': '1671.279', 'end': '1675.840', 'text': 'audacious that it defied imagination and'}, {'start': '1673.919', 'end': '1678.880', 'text': 'required formidable mathematics to'}, {'start': '1675.840', 'end': '1681.200', 'text': 'formulate. Albert paced his office,'}, {'start': '1678.880', 'end': '1683.679', 'text': 'pages of calculations scattered on his'}, {'start': '1681.200', 'end': '1686.559', 'text': 'desk, books on tensor calculus and'}, {'start': '1683.679', 'end': '1688.720', 'text': 'differential geometry open on the floor.'}, {'start': '1686.559', 'end': '1691.200', 'text': 'Though he was a superb mathematician,'}, {'start': '1688.720', 'end': '1694.080', 'text': 'the math of curved space was challenging'}, {'start': '1691.200', 'end': '1696.799', 'text': 'even for him. He reached out to his old'}, {'start': '1694.080', 'end': '1699.360', 'text': 'friend Marcel Grossman in Zurich who was'}, {'start': '1696.799', 'end': '1702.000', 'text': 'well-versed in the latest geometry.'}, {'start': '1699.360', 'end': '1704.399', 'text': 'Grossman sent notes and encouragement.'}, {'start': '1702.000', 'end': '1706.799', 'text': 'Over long letters, they collaborated.'}, {'start': '1704.399', 'end': '1709.159', 'text': "Grossman helping to translate Einstein's"}, {'start': '1706.799', 'end': '1711.760', 'text': 'physical intuition into the language of'}, {'start': '1709.159', 'end': '1714.720', 'text': 'equations. Still, progress was'}, {'start': '1711.760', 'end': '1717.200', 'text': 'agonizingly slow. For the first time,'}, {'start': '1714.720', 'end': '1719.799', 'text': 'Einstein felt genuinely unsure if he'}, {'start': '1717.200', 'end': '1722.559', 'text': 'would crack the problem. In November'}, {'start': '1719.799', 'end': '1725.120', 'text': '1915, after countless wrong turns and'}, {'start': '1722.559', 'end': '1727.440', 'text': 'revisions, Einstein arrived at his field'}, {'start': '1725.120', 'end': '1729.039', 'text': 'equations of general relativity, the'}, {'start': '1727.440', 'end': '1731.279', 'text': 'mathematical description of how'}, {'start': '1729.039', 'end': '1733.440', 'text': 'space-time curves in response to matter'}, {'start': '1731.279', 'end': '1736.960', 'text': 'and how that curvature tells objects how'}, {'start': '1733.440', 'end': '1739.120', 'text': 'to move. On November 25th, 1915,'}, {'start': '1736.960', 'end': '1741.679', 'text': 'Einstein presented his completed theory'}, {'start': '1739.120', 'end': '1743.760', 'text': 'to the Prussian Academy in a lecture. He'}, {'start': '1741.679', 'end': '1746.080', 'text': 'was exhausted, having worked to the'}, {'start': '1743.760', 'end': '1748.559', 'text': 'brink of collapse. It said he barely'}, {'start': '1746.080', 'end': '1750.880', 'text': 'slept or ate in the final week. so'}, {'start': '1748.559', 'end': '1752.720', 'text': 'consumed by calculations that his'}, {'start': '1750.880', 'end': '1755.200', 'text': 'stomach ulcers flared and he was'}, {'start': '1752.720', 'end': '1757.039', 'text': 'physically ill. But as he wrote the'}, {'start': '1755.200', 'end': '1759.640', 'text': 'final form of his equations on the'}, {'start': '1757.039', 'end': '1762.640', 'text': 'blackboard, a deep satisfaction filled'}, {'start': '1759.640', 'end': '1765.039', 'text': 'him. The general theory of relativity is'}, {'start': '1762.640', 'end': '1767.640', 'text': 'realized. He wrote simply to a friend'}, {'start': '1765.039', 'end': '1770.720', 'text': 'soon after as if noting the birth of a'}, {'start': '1767.640', 'end': '1773.200', 'text': 'child. Yet in the immediate aftermath,'}, {'start': '1770.720', 'end': '1774.640', 'text': "the triumph was largely Einstein's"}, {'start': '1773.200', 'end': '1777.520', 'text': 'alone.'}, {'start': '1774.640', 'end': '1779.880', 'text': 'World War I isolated scientists across'}, {'start': '1777.520', 'end': '1782.960', 'text': 'enemy lines. Communication was'}, {'start': '1779.880', 'end': '1785.440', 'text': "difficult. Einstein's theory was complex"}, {'start': '1782.960', 'end': '1788.399', 'text': 'and not easily understood or accepted'}, {'start': '1785.440', 'end': '1790.960', 'text': 'without experimental proof. He knew that'}, {'start': '1788.399', 'end': '1792.960', 'text': 'a clear test of general relativity would'}, {'start': '1790.960', 'end': '1795.279', 'text': 'be to measure the bending of starlight'}, {'start': '1792.960', 'end': '1797.679', 'text': "by the sun's gravity during a solar"}, {'start': '1795.279', 'end': '1799.760', 'text': 'eclipse. An effect his equations'}, {'start': '1797.679', 'end': '1802.320', 'text': 'predicted and one which differed from'}, {'start': '1799.760', 'end': '1805.679', 'text': "Newton's old theory of gravity by a"}, {'start': '1802.320', 'end': '1807.360', 'text': 'small but crucial amount. However, war'}, {'start': '1805.679', 'end': '1810.039', 'text': 'made international scientific'}, {'start': '1807.360', 'end': '1813.360', 'text': 'expeditions impossible until peace'}, {'start': '1810.039', 'end': '1816.080', 'text': 'returned. So Einstein waited, his fame'}, {'start': '1813.360', 'end': '1818.240', 'text': 'still mostly within academic circles.'}, {'start': '1816.080', 'end': '1820.279', 'text': 'While around him, Germany crumbled in'}, {'start': '1818.240', 'end': '1823.520', 'text': 'defeat by'}, {'start': '1820.279', 'end': '1825.840', 'text': '1918. During the war years, Einstein had'}, {'start': '1823.520', 'end': '1829.520', 'text': 'been a rare, outspoken, pacifist voice'}, {'start': '1825.840', 'end': '1832.039', 'text': 'in Berlin. In 1914, a manifesto had'}, {'start': '1829.520', 'end': '1834.240', 'text': 'circulated, signed by 93 German'}, {'start': '1832.039', 'end': '1837.200', 'text': 'intellectuals, fervently supporting the'}, {'start': '1834.240', 'end': '1839.679', 'text': 'war effort. Einstein bravely refused to'}, {'start': '1837.200', 'end': '1842.000', 'text': 'sign it. Instead, he and a few'}, {'start': '1839.679', 'end': '1844.960', 'text': 'colleagues issued a counter manifesto'}, {'start': '1842.000', 'end': '1847.440', 'text': 'advocating peace and understanding, a'}, {'start': '1844.960', 'end': '1850.240', 'text': 'document that was largely ignored amidst'}, {'start': '1847.440', 'end': '1852.480', 'text': "the nationalist fervor. Einstein's"}, {'start': '1850.240', 'end': '1855.399', 'text': 'stance made him a bit of an outsider,'}, {'start': '1852.480', 'end': '1858.240', 'text': 'even suspect in his own country during'}, {'start': '1855.399', 'end': '1859.919', 'text': 'wartime. He once quipped darkly that'}, {'start': '1858.240', 'end': '1861.840', 'text': 'when the hate against him seemed too'}, {'start': '1859.919', 'end': '1864.880', 'text': 'strong to bear, he would think of'}, {'start': '1861.840', 'end': '1867.440', 'text': 'himself as a man from another planet.'}, {'start': '1864.880', 'end': '1870.080', 'text': 'Still, despite material shortages and'}, {'start': '1867.440', 'end': '1873.559', 'text': 'political chaos in post-war Germany,'}, {'start': '1870.080', 'end': '1876.960', 'text': "Einstein's scientific spirit thrived. In"}, {'start': '1873.559', 'end': '1878.960', 'text': '1919, as the world began to rebuild, the'}, {'start': '1876.960', 'end': '1881.760', 'text': 'moment of vindication for his theory'}, {'start': '1878.960', 'end': '1884.080', 'text': 'finally came. Across the North Sea,'}, {'start': '1881.760', 'end': '1886.240', 'text': 'British astronomer Sir Arthur Eddington'}, {'start': '1884.080', 'end': '1888.399', 'text': "had not forgotten Einstein's prediction"}, {'start': '1886.240', 'end': '1891.039', 'text': 'about light bending. In a beautiful'}, {'start': '1888.399', 'end': '1893.840', 'text': 'twist of fate, a British scientist set'}, {'start': '1891.039', 'end': '1896.159', 'text': 'out to test the work of a German Jew. A'}, {'start': '1893.840', 'end': '1899.039', 'text': 'collaboration of sorts that transcended'}, {'start': '1896.159', 'end': '1901.039', 'text': 'the hatred of the recent war. Edington'}, {'start': '1899.039', 'end': '1904.399', 'text': 'organized expeditions to observe the'}, {'start': '1901.039', 'end': '1907.600', 'text': 'solar eclipse of May 29th, 1919. From'}, {'start': '1904.399', 'end': '1910.320', 'text': 'two locations, one team went to Soal in'}, {'start': '1907.600', 'end': '1912.559', 'text': 'Brazil, another which Edington led, to'}, {'start': '1910.320', 'end': '1915.360', 'text': 'the island of Principe off the west'}, {'start': '1912.559', 'end': '1917.360', 'text': 'coast of Africa. During the eclipse,'}, {'start': '1915.360', 'end': '1919.760', 'text': "when the moon blotted out the sun's"}, {'start': '1917.360', 'end': '1922.799', 'text': 'glare, they photographed the stars near'}, {'start': '1919.760', 'end': '1924.799', 'text': 'the sun. Months of painstaking analysis'}, {'start': '1922.799', 'end': '1927.039', 'text': 'followed to see if those starlight'}, {'start': '1924.799', 'end': '1929.519', 'text': "positions shifted due to the sun's"}, {'start': '1927.039', 'end': '1932.000', 'text': 'gravitational curvature of space. That'}, {'start': '1929.519', 'end': '1934.000', 'text': 'autumn, as newspapers around the world'}, {'start': '1932.000', 'end': '1936.799', 'text': 'buzzed quietly about a potential'}, {'start': '1934.000', 'end': '1939.919', 'text': 'revolutionary finding, Einstein carried'}, {'start': '1936.799', 'end': '1942.720', 'text': 'on with his daily routine in Berlin. One'}, {'start': '1939.919', 'end': '1945.360', 'text': 'day in November 1919, he received a'}, {'start': '1942.720', 'end': '1947.519', 'text': 'cable with the results. Edington had'}, {'start': '1945.360', 'end': '1949.480', 'text': "confirmed the starlight's deflection,"}, {'start': '1947.519', 'end': '1952.240', 'text': "matching Einstein's"}, {'start': '1949.480', 'end': '1954.720', 'text': 'predictions. General relativity was'}, {'start': '1952.240', 'end': '1957.279', 'text': 'right. The theory that many had thought'}, {'start': '1954.720', 'end': '1960.000', 'text': 'too strange to be true was now supported'}, {'start': '1957.279', 'end': '1963.360', 'text': 'by empirical evidence. When the news hit'}, {'start': '1960.000', 'end': '1966.320', 'text': 'the press, it exploded like a supernova.'}, {'start': '1963.360', 'end': '1969.120', 'text': 'On November 7th, 1919, The Times of'}, {'start': '1966.320', 'end': '1971.600', 'text': 'London ran the headline. Revolution in'}, {'start': '1969.120', 'end': '1974.720', 'text': 'science, new theory of the universe,'}, {'start': '1971.600', 'end': '1977.440', 'text': 'Newtonian ideas overthrown. Another'}, {'start': '1974.720', 'end': '1980.399', 'text': 'paper famously declared, "Lights all a'}, {'start': '1977.440', 'end': '1982.399', 'text': 'skew in the heavens." Suddenly, Albert'}, {'start': '1980.399', 'end': '1984.640', 'text': 'Einstein became a household name around'}, {'start': '1982.399', 'end': '1986.880', 'text': 'the globe. Here was a scientist whose'}, {'start': '1984.640', 'end': '1989.360', 'text': 'ideas challenged the very foundations'}, {'start': '1986.880', 'end': '1991.679', 'text': 'laid by Isaac Newton, and the world was'}, {'start': '1989.360', 'end': '1994.880', 'text': 'thrilled by the notion of a new genius'}, {'start': '1991.679', 'end': '1997.840', 'text': 'in their midst. In Berlin, reporters'}, {'start': '1994.880', 'end': '2000.159', 'text': 'besieged the mildmannered professor.'}, {'start': '1997.840', 'end': '2003.039', 'text': 'Einstein, who had spent most of his life'}, {'start': '2000.159', 'end': '2006.399', 'text': 'in relative obscurity or academic niche,'}, {'start': '2003.039', 'end': '2008.640', 'text': 'was beused by the frenzy. One afternoon'}, {'start': '2006.399', 'end': '2010.559', 'text': 'at a press conference, a journalist'}, {'start': '2008.640', 'end': '2012.640', 'text': 'asked him what he would have thought if'}, {'start': '2010.559', 'end': '2015.679', 'text': "Edington's experiment had not matched"}, {'start': '2012.640', 'end': '2018.880', 'text': 'his theory. Einstein, with a hint of his'}, {'start': '2015.679', 'end': '2021.200', 'text': 'dry humor, smiled and replied, "Then I'}, {'start': '2018.880', 'end': '2024.000', 'text': 'would have felt sorry for the dear Lord.'}, {'start': '2021.200', 'end': '2026.640', 'text': 'The theory is correct. His answer set'}, {'start': '2024.000', 'end': '2029.519', 'text': 'off a ripple of laughter. This was'}, {'start': '2026.640', 'end': '2031.600', 'text': "Einstein's moment of public triumph, but"}, {'start': '2029.519', 'end': '2034.480', 'text': 'he carried it with playful grace rather'}, {'start': '2031.600', 'end': '2037.360', 'text': 'than arrogance. Journalist calling out'}, {'start': '2034.480', 'end': '2039.399', 'text': 'amid a crowd. Professor Einstein, could'}, {'start': '2037.360', 'end': '2042.600', 'text': 'you summarize your theory in simple'}, {'start': '2039.399', 'end': '2044.799', 'text': 'terms? Einstein, chuckling, shrugging'}, {'start': '2042.600', 'end': '2046.480', 'text': 'apologetically. If I could summarize it'}, {'start': '2044.799', 'end': '2049.520', 'text': "so easily, it wouldn't have been worth"}, {'start': '2046.480', 'end': '2052.560', 'text': 'the effort. But essentially, gravity'}, {'start': '2049.520', 'end': '2054.879', 'text': 'curves space and time with it. Massive'}, {'start': '2052.560', 'end': '2057.119', 'text': 'bodies like the sun bend the space'}, {'start': '2054.879', 'end': '2060.560', 'text': 'around them, and light following the'}, {'start': '2057.119', 'end': '2063.359', 'text': 'curves of space appears to bend, too.'}, {'start': '2060.560', 'end': '2065.280', 'text': 'The journalists scribble furiously.'}, {'start': '2063.359', 'end': '2067.280', 'text': 'Cameras flash as Einstein leaves the'}, {'start': '2065.280', 'end': '2070.159', 'text': 'podium, looking a bit bewildered by all'}, {'start': '2067.280', 'end': '2072.480', 'text': 'the attention. As fame engulfed him,'}, {'start': '2070.159', 'end': '2074.960', 'text': 'Einstein tried to remain the same,'}, {'start': '2072.480', 'end': '2076.720', 'text': "dedicated, unpretentious scientist he'd"}, {'start': '2074.960', 'end': '2079.280', 'text': 'always been.'}, {'start': '2076.720', 'end': '2081.520', 'text': 'In 1921, he traveled to the United'}, {'start': '2079.280', 'end': '2083.839', 'text': 'States for the first time, greeted by'}, {'start': '2081.520', 'end': '2086.000', 'text': 'ticker tape parades and adoring crowds'}, {'start': '2083.839', 'end': '2089.359', 'text': 'as if he were a head of state or a rock'}, {'start': '2086.000', 'end': '2091.359', 'text': "star, though the term didn't exist then."}, {'start': '2089.359', 'end': '2094.399', 'text': 'People were charmed by his eccentric'}, {'start': '2091.359', 'end': '2096.800', 'text': 'appearance, the wild halo of hair, the'}, {'start': '2094.399', 'end': '2099.359', 'text': 'socks often forgotten at home, the'}, {'start': '2096.800', 'end': '2102.000', 'text': 'absent-minded air, and by his'}, {'start': '2099.359', 'end': '2104.000', 'text': 'simplicity. When reporters asked him'}, {'start': '2102.000', 'end': '2107.119', 'text': 'about the secret to his success, he'}, {'start': '2104.000', 'end': '2110.079', 'text': 'said, "I have no special talent. I am'}, {'start': '2107.119', 'end': '2111.920', 'text': 'only passionately curious." A modest'}, {'start': '2110.079', 'end': '2115.040', 'text': 'self assessment which belied his'}, {'start': '2111.920', 'end': '2116.880', 'text': 'extraordinary mind. That same year,'}, {'start': '2115.040', 'end': '2119.920', 'text': 'Einstein received the ultimate'}, {'start': '2116.880', 'end': '2123.040', 'text': 'scientific honor, the Nobel Prize in'}, {'start': '2119.920', 'end': '2125.599', 'text': 'physics. Interestingly, the award was'}, {'start': '2123.040', 'end': '2127.920', 'text': 'given not explicitly for relativity,'}, {'start': '2125.599', 'end': '2130.160', 'text': 'which some older scientists on the Nobel'}, {'start': '2127.920', 'end': '2132.400', 'text': 'Committee still viewed skeptically, but'}, {'start': '2130.160', 'end': '2134.880', 'text': 'for his explanation of the photoelectric'}, {'start': '2132.400', 'end': '2137.119', 'text': 'effect, a discovery that laid the'}, {'start': '2134.880', 'end': '2139.440', 'text': 'groundwork for quantum mechanics.'}, {'start': '2137.119', 'end': '2142.800', 'text': 'Einstein used the Nobel Prize ceremony'}, {'start': '2139.440', 'end': '2145.240', 'text': 'in 1922 as a platform to speak about the'}, {'start': '2142.800', 'end': '2147.599', 'text': 'value of free thought and science above'}, {'start': '2145.240', 'end': '2151.440', 'text': 'nationalism, subtly weaving in his'}, {'start': '2147.599', 'end': '2153.200', 'text': 'humanist views. By now in his mid-40s,'}, {'start': '2151.440', 'end': '2155.680', 'text': 'Einstein had become more than a'}, {'start': '2153.200', 'end': '2158.280', 'text': 'scientist. He was a symbol of pure'}, {'start': '2155.680', 'end': '2161.359', 'text': 'intellect and the power of'}, {'start': '2158.280', 'end': '2162.599', 'text': 'imagination. However, along with a claim'}, {'start': '2161.359', 'end': '2165.119', 'text': 'came'}, {'start': '2162.599', 'end': '2168.000', 'text': 'challenges. Back in Germany, not'}, {'start': '2165.119', 'end': '2170.720', 'text': 'everyone celebrated Einstein. A growing'}, {'start': '2168.000', 'end': '2172.440', 'text': 'tide of nationalism and anti-semitism'}, {'start': '2170.720', 'end': '2175.920', 'text': 'was brewing in the'}, {'start': '2172.440', 'end': '2178.400', 'text': "1920s. To extremist critics, Einstein's"}, {'start': '2175.920', 'end': '2180.800', 'text': 'revolutionary theories were unwelcome.'}, {'start': '2178.400', 'end': '2184.400', 'text': 'They sneered that relativity was Jewish'}, {'start': '2180.800', 'end': '2186.560', 'text': 'science and held rallies denouncing it.'}, {'start': '2184.400', 'end': '2189.839', 'text': 'Einstein handled these attacks with a'}, {'start': '2186.560', 'end': '2191.920', 'text': 'mix of concern and disdain. He once'}, {'start': '2189.839', 'end': '2194.079', 'text': 'dryly remarked that if his theories'}, {'start': '2191.920', 'end': '2196.079', 'text': 'proved correct, the Germans would call'}, {'start': '2194.079', 'end': '2198.320', 'text': 'him a German and the French would call'}, {'start': '2196.079', 'end': '2200.560', 'text': 'him a citizen of the world. But if his'}, {'start': '2198.320', 'end': '2202.800', 'text': 'theories proved wrong, the French would'}, {'start': '2200.560', 'end': '2205.839', 'text': 'say he was a German and the Germans'}, {'start': '2202.800', 'end': '2207.920', 'text': 'would call him a Jew. His witicism'}, {'start': '2205.839', 'end': '2210.520', 'text': 'underscored the precariousness he felt'}, {'start': '2207.920', 'end': '2213.760', 'text': 'as a Jewish intellectual in a volatile'}, {'start': '2210.520', 'end': '2216.160', 'text': 'time. On a more positive note, Einstein'}, {'start': '2213.760', 'end': '2218.400', 'text': 'used his newfound fame to advocate for'}, {'start': '2216.160', 'end': '2220.960', 'text': 'causes he believed in. He spoke'}, {'start': '2218.400', 'end': '2223.680', 'text': 'passionately against war and militarism,'}, {'start': '2220.960', 'end': '2225.520', 'text': 'having seen the horrors of World War I.'}, {'start': '2223.680', 'end': '2227.560', 'text': 'He aligned himself with the Zionist'}, {'start': '2225.520', 'end': '2230.000', 'text': 'movement as well, not out of'}, {'start': '2227.560', 'end': '2232.320', 'text': 'nationalism, but out of a desire to see'}, {'start': '2230.000', 'end': '2235.400', 'text': 'a safe haven for Jewish people facing'}, {'start': '2232.320', 'end': '2238.160', 'text': 'persecution. He traveled to Palestine in'}, {'start': '2235.400', 'end': '2239.920', 'text': '1923 and later helped raise funds for'}, {'start': '2238.160', 'end': '2242.960', 'text': 'the establishment of Hebrew University'}, {'start': '2239.920', 'end': '2244.960', 'text': 'in Jerusalem. Einstein also became'}, {'start': '2242.960', 'end': '2247.920', 'text': 'friends with notable figures around the'}, {'start': '2244.960', 'end': '2250.000', 'text': 'world from the Indian poet Rabindraath'}, {'start': '2247.920', 'end': '2251.760', 'text': 'Tagore with whom he had deep'}, {'start': '2250.000', 'end': '2254.000', 'text': 'conversations about science and'}, {'start': '2251.760', 'end': '2256.480', 'text': 'philosophy to Charlie Chaplain in'}, {'start': '2254.000', 'end': '2258.880', 'text': 'Hollywood. When Einstein attended a film'}, {'start': '2256.480', 'end': '2260.480', 'text': 'premiere, Chaplain famously joked,'}, {'start': '2258.880', 'end': '2262.079', 'text': '"People cheer me because they all'}, {'start': '2260.480', 'end': '2264.320', 'text': 'understand me, and they cheer you'}, {'start': '2262.079', 'end': '2267.599', 'text': 'because no one understands you." Through'}, {'start': '2264.320', 'end': '2269.599', 'text': 'the 1920s, Einstein continued scientific'}, {'start': '2267.599', 'end': '2271.760', 'text': 'work, although none of it would eclipse'}, {'start': '2269.599', 'end': '2274.400', 'text': 'the revolutionary impact of his earlier'}, {'start': '2271.760', 'end': '2276.800', 'text': 'years. He engaged in the burgeoning'}, {'start': '2274.400', 'end': '2279.119', 'text': 'debates on quantum mechanics, taking a'}, {'start': '2276.800', 'end': '2281.280', 'text': 'famously skeptical stance against the'}, {'start': '2279.119', 'end': '2284.480', 'text': 'indeterminacy of the new theory'}, {'start': '2281.280', 'end': '2287.359', 'text': 'encapsulated in his quote, "God does not'}, {'start': '2284.480', 'end': '2289.680', 'text': 'play dice with the universe." He'}, {'start': '2287.359', 'end': '2292.880', 'text': 'collaborated and sparred intellectually'}, {'start': '2289.680', 'end': '2295.040', 'text': "with the likes of Neil's Boore. Life on"}, {'start': '2292.880', 'end': '2298.320', 'text': 'the whole seemed good for Einstein in'}, {'start': '2295.040', 'end': '2301.359', 'text': 'this decade. He remarried in 1919 to his'}, {'start': '2298.320', 'end': '2303.599', 'text': 'cousin Elsa who became not only his wife'}, {'start': '2301.359', 'end': '2306.160', 'text': 'but a caring manager of the practical'}, {'start': '2303.599', 'end': '2308.079', 'text': 'aspects of his life protecting him from'}, {'start': '2306.160', 'end': '2310.640', 'text': 'some of the pressures of fame and'}, {'start': '2308.079', 'end': '2312.720', 'text': 'keeping his home comfortable. They'}, {'start': '2310.640', 'end': '2315.040', 'text': 'settled into a flat in Berlin where'}, {'start': '2312.720', 'end': '2317.359', 'text': 'Einstein enjoyed hosting friends,'}, {'start': '2315.040', 'end': '2320.240', 'text': 'playing violin duets and sailing on'}, {'start': '2317.359', 'end': '2322.560', 'text': 'lakes. He loved sailing, albeit he never'}, {'start': '2320.240', 'end': '2324.320', 'text': 'learned to swim. And friends often joked'}, {'start': '2322.560', 'end': '2326.800', 'text': 'about his carefree disregard for'}, {'start': '2324.320', 'end': '2331.040', 'text': 'practical limits, whether in physics or'}, {'start': '2326.800', 'end': '2333.520', 'text': 'on water. But as the 1930s dawned, dark'}, {'start': '2331.040', 'end': '2336.320', 'text': 'clouds gathered again over Europe and'}, {'start': '2333.520', 'end': '2338.560', 'text': "over Einstein's life. The rise of Adolf"}, {'start': '2336.320', 'end': '2340.720', 'text': 'Hitler and the Nazi party in Germany'}, {'start': '2338.560', 'end': '2343.200', 'text': 'would soon force Einstein to make one of'}, {'start': '2340.720', 'end': '2344.640', 'text': 'the hardest decisions of his life. To'}, {'start': '2343.200', 'end': '2346.960', 'text': 'leave the country that had finally'}, {'start': '2344.640', 'end': '2348.720', 'text': 'embraced him as a genius, but was now'}, {'start': '2346.960', 'end': '2351.280', 'text': 'turning into a death trap for people'}, {'start': '2348.720', 'end': '2354.960', 'text': 'like him. The world was about to change'}, {'start': '2351.280', 'end': '2356.720', 'text': 'once more. And Einstein, now in his 50s,'}, {'start': '2354.960', 'end': '2359.040', 'text': 'would find himself not only a man of'}, {'start': '2356.720', 'end': '2361.359', 'text': 'science, but a man compelled to take a'}, {'start': '2359.040', 'end': '2364.599', 'text': 'moral stand on the greatest conflict of'}, {'start': '2361.359', 'end': '2364.599', 'text': 'his time.'}, {'start': '2368.480', 'end': '2371.200', 'text': 'Escaping the'}, {'start': '2374.119', 'end': '2380.720', 'text': 'darkness. Berlin, January 30th,'}, {'start': '2378.119', 'end': '2382.720', 'text': '1933. The radio crackled with the'}, {'start': '2380.720', 'end': '2385.119', 'text': 'announcement that Adolf Hitler had been'}, {'start': '2382.720', 'end': '2387.839', 'text': 'appointed Chancellor of Germany.'}, {'start': '2385.119', 'end': '2389.760', 'text': 'Einstein sat in his study, the newspaper'}, {'start': '2387.839', 'end': '2392.720', 'text': "open on his lap with Hitler's face"}, {'start': '2389.760', 'end': '2395.839', 'text': 'emlazed on the front page. He had seen'}, {'start': '2392.720', 'end': '2398.320', 'text': 'this coming, the hate, the fanaticism,'}, {'start': '2395.839', 'end': '2401.440', 'text': 'but the reality of it still sent a chill'}, {'start': '2398.320', 'end': '2403.920', 'text': 'through him. Elsa entered the room,'}, {'start': '2401.440', 'end': '2406.640', 'text': "worry etched on her face. They didn't"}, {'start': '2403.920', 'end': '2409.599', 'text': 'even need words. The concern hung thick'}, {'start': '2406.640', 'end': '2412.640', 'text': 'in the air. Just weeks earlier, in'}, {'start': '2409.599', 'end': '2414.960', 'text': 'December 1932, Albert and Elsa had left'}, {'start': '2412.640', 'end': '2416.720', 'text': 'Germany for a trip to the United States,'}, {'start': '2414.960', 'end': '2419.040', 'text': 'intending to spend a few months there,'}, {'start': '2416.720', 'end': '2422.160', 'text': 'while Einstein was to lecture at Caltech'}, {'start': '2419.040', 'end': '2424.240', 'text': 'in California. As Jewish intellectuals,'}, {'start': '2422.160', 'end': '2426.240', 'text': 'they were uneasy about the situation in'}, {'start': '2424.240', 'end': '2429.200', 'text': 'Germany and they thought a temporary'}, {'start': '2426.240', 'end': '2433.000', 'text': 'stay abroad would be prudent. Now with'}, {'start': '2429.200', 'end': '2435.920', 'text': 'Hitler in power, temporary was looking'}, {'start': '2433.000', 'end': '2437.839', 'text': 'permanent. By the spring, the Einstein'}, {'start': '2435.920', 'end': '2440.640', 'text': 'learned that their Berlin cottage had'}, {'start': '2437.839', 'end': '2442.240', 'text': 'been raided by Nazi paramilitary troops.'}, {'start': '2440.640', 'end': '2444.480', 'text': 'Armed men had rummaged through'}, {'start': '2442.240', 'end': '2447.520', 'text': "Einstein's belongings, and it was clear"}, {'start': '2444.480', 'end': '2449.680', 'text': 'his safety in Germany was compromised.'}, {'start': '2447.520', 'end': '2452.320', 'text': 'The Nazis had also made it known that'}, {'start': '2449.680', 'end': '2454.640', 'text': 'Einstein was a target. His name appeared'}, {'start': '2452.320', 'end': '2457.960', 'text': 'on hit lists circulated by right-wing'}, {'start': '2454.640', 'end': '2461.359', 'text': 'groups. Returning home would be far too'}, {'start': '2457.960', 'end': '2463.040', 'text': 'dangerous. In March 1933, Einstein'}, {'start': '2461.359', 'end': '2465.359', 'text': 'officially resigned from the Prussian'}, {'start': '2463.040', 'end': '2468.400', 'text': 'Academy via a letter, which was a bold'}, {'start': '2465.359', 'end': '2469.920', 'text': 'public rebuke of the Nazis. He stated he'}, {'start': '2468.400', 'end': '2471.760', 'text': 'would not live in a country where'}, {'start': '2469.920', 'end': '2474.400', 'text': 'individuals are denied rights and'}, {'start': '2471.760', 'end': '2476.720', 'text': 'persecuted for their race. The Nazi'}, {'start': '2474.400', 'end': '2478.680', 'text': 'press responded with vicious slander,'}, {'start': '2476.720', 'end': '2481.440', 'text': 'declaring Einstein an'}, {'start': '2478.680', 'end': '2483.599', 'text': 'enemy. Back in Europe that spring,'}, {'start': '2481.440', 'end': '2486.000', 'text': 'Einstein had traveled to Belgium after'}, {'start': '2483.599', 'end': '2488.520', 'text': 'leaving the US. He made the painful'}, {'start': '2486.000', 'end': '2491.280', 'text': 'decision not to set foot in Germany'}, {'start': '2488.520', 'end': '2493.359', 'text': 'again. For the second time in his life,'}, {'start': '2491.280', 'end': '2495.599', 'text': 'Albert Einstein renounced his German'}, {'start': '2493.359', 'end': '2497.520', 'text': 'citizenship, this time with a heavy'}, {'start': '2495.599', 'end': '2499.760', 'text': 'heart, as the country he once called'}, {'start': '2497.520', 'end': '2502.880', 'text': 'home had betrayed its most cherished'}, {'start': '2499.760', 'end': '2505.200', 'text': 'values and turned on people like him.'}, {'start': '2502.880', 'end': '2506.760', 'text': 'Elsa reading a letter by lamplight in'}, {'start': '2505.200', 'end': '2509.520', 'text': 'Belgium, voice'}, {'start': '2506.760', 'end': '2511.280', 'text': 'trembling. They searched our house again'}, {'start': '2509.520', 'end': '2514.960', 'text': 'and burned books in the streets,'}, {'start': '2511.280', 'end': '2518.800', 'text': 'including yours, Albert. Albert, sadly,'}, {'start': '2514.960', 'end': '2521.359', 'text': 'shaking his head. Barbarians. I cannot'}, {'start': '2518.800', 'end': '2525.200', 'text': 'go back there. Not while this insanity'}, {'start': '2521.359', 'end': '2528.720', 'text': 'rules. We must find a new home. Elsa,'}, {'start': '2525.200', 'end': '2531.040', 'text': 'mustering a reassuring tone. We will. We'}, {'start': '2528.720', 'end': '2533.359', 'text': 'have invitations from universities.'}, {'start': '2531.040', 'end': '2536.160', 'text': 'Princeton, Oxford. There are places that'}, {'start': '2533.359', 'end': '2538.960', 'text': 'will have us. Ma Albert, squeezing'}, {'start': '2536.160', 'end': '2540.960', 'text': "Elsa's hand. Home is wherever I can work"}, {'start': '2538.960', 'end': '2544.599', 'text': 'in peace, and you are by my side.'}, {'start': '2540.960', 'end': '2547.440', 'text': 'Germany is no longer home. By October'}, {'start': '2544.599', 'end': '2550.000', 'text': '1933, Albert and Elsa arrived in the'}, {'start': '2547.440', 'end': '2551.680', 'text': 'United States, where Einstein accepted a'}, {'start': '2550.000', 'end': '2553.520', 'text': 'position at the newly established'}, {'start': '2551.680', 'end': '2556.160', 'text': 'Institute for Advanced Study in'}, {'start': '2553.520', 'end': '2558.079', 'text': 'Princeton, New Jersey. There he was'}, {'start': '2556.160', 'end': '2560.960', 'text': 'offered the rare privilege of having no'}, {'start': '2558.079', 'end': '2563.440', 'text': 'teaching duties, just research. Much'}, {'start': '2560.960', 'end': '2566.079', 'text': 'like his role in Berlin, but in a safe'}, {'start': '2563.440', 'end': '2568.560', 'text': 'haven far from Nazi tyranny. As he'}, {'start': '2566.079', 'end': '2571.599', 'text': 'settled into American life, Einstein,'}, {'start': '2568.560', 'end': '2573.040', 'text': 'who was 54, began learning English,'}, {'start': '2571.599', 'end': '2575.440', 'text': 'though he would always speak with a'}, {'start': '2573.040', 'end': '2577.920', 'text': 'thick German accent, and enjoyed the'}, {'start': '2575.440', 'end': '2580.319', 'text': 'relative quiet of Princeton, often'}, {'start': '2577.920', 'end': '2583.200', 'text': 'walking or biking to the institute in a'}, {'start': '2580.319', 'end': '2585.040', 'text': 'baggy sweater and sandals. Local'}, {'start': '2583.200', 'end': '2587.280', 'text': 'residents affectionately came to call'}, {'start': '2585.040', 'end': '2590.560', 'text': 'him the professor, as he became a'}, {'start': '2587.280', 'end': '2593.319', 'text': 'familiar site. However, the plight of'}, {'start': '2590.560', 'end': '2596.400', 'text': 'those left behind in Germany weighed on'}, {'start': '2593.319', 'end': '2598.319', 'text': 'him. Einstein was inundated with letters'}, {'start': '2596.400', 'end': '2601.520', 'text': 'from desperate European Jews and'}, {'start': '2598.319', 'end': '2604.160', 'text': 'dissident seeking help to escape. Though'}, {'start': '2601.520', 'end': '2606.079', 'text': 'his scientific work continued, he was'}, {'start': '2604.160', 'end': '2608.640', 'text': 'chasing a unified field theory that'}, {'start': '2606.079', 'end': '2610.880', 'text': 'would tie together all forces of nature'}, {'start': '2608.640', 'end': '2613.520', 'text': 'and elusive quest that would occupy his'}, {'start': '2610.880', 'end': '2615.839', 'text': 'later years. Einstein devoted much of'}, {'start': '2613.520', 'end': '2617.680', 'text': 'his energy in the 1930s to aiding'}, {'start': '2615.839', 'end': '2620.480', 'text': 'refugees.'}, {'start': '2617.680', 'end': '2622.400', 'text': 'He used his fame to sponsor visas, wrote'}, {'start': '2620.480', 'end': '2624.880', 'text': 'recommendation letters, and even'}, {'start': '2622.400', 'end': '2627.359', 'text': 'personally hosted refugees in his home'}, {'start': '2624.880', 'end': '2630.079', 'text': 'until they found their footing. Having'}, {'start': '2627.359', 'end': '2633.760', 'text': 'been a refugee himself, he felt deeply'}, {'start': '2630.079', 'end': '2636.800', 'text': 'for others in similar peril. Meanwhile,'}, {'start': '2633.760', 'end': '2639.839', 'text': 'events in Europe went from bad to worse.'}, {'start': '2636.800', 'end': '2642.000', 'text': 'By the late 1930s, it became alarmingly'}, {'start': '2639.839', 'end': '2644.880', 'text': 'clear that Nazi aggression could lead to'}, {'start': '2642.000', 'end': '2647.680', 'text': 'a catastrophic war and potentially'}, {'start': '2644.880', 'end': '2650.560', 'text': 'terrifying new weapons.'}, {'start': '2647.680', 'end': '2652.960', 'text': 'In 1938, physicists in Germany'}, {'start': '2650.560', 'end': '2655.440', 'text': 'discovered nuclear fision splitting the'}, {'start': '2652.960', 'end': '2658.240', 'text': 'atom. A breakthrough that implied the'}, {'start': '2655.440', 'end': '2661.200', 'text': 'possibility of an atomic bomb. Leo'}, {'start': '2658.240', 'end': '2663.440', 'text': 'Celard, a Hungarian physicist and old'}, {'start': '2661.200', 'end': '2665.040', 'text': 'acquaintance of Einstein, grasped'}, {'start': '2663.440', 'end': '2667.520', 'text': 'immediately what this could mean if'}, {'start': '2665.040', 'end': '2669.119', 'text': "Hitler's regime harnessed that science"}, {'start': '2667.520', 'end': '2671.520', 'text': 'first.'}, {'start': '2669.119', 'end': '2673.839', 'text': 'Sheilard along with other Hungarian'}, {'start': '2671.520', 'end': '2676.640', 'text': 'scientists who had fled Europe like'}, {'start': '2673.839', 'end': '2678.480', 'text': 'Edward Teller and Eugene Wigner decided'}, {'start': '2676.640', 'end': '2680.720', 'text': 'to approach the one person they knew'}, {'start': '2678.480', 'end': '2683.880', 'text': 'would have the gravitas to get the'}, {'start': '2680.720', 'end': '2687.680', 'text': "American government's attention. Albert"}, {'start': '2683.880', 'end': '2690.079', 'text': 'Einstein. In the summer of 1939, Selard'}, {'start': '2687.680', 'end': '2693.280', 'text': 'visited Einstein at a cottage on Long'}, {'start': '2690.079', 'end': '2696.079', 'text': 'Island where Einstein was vacationing.'}, {'start': '2693.280', 'end': '2698.160', 'text': 'Einstein, a lifelong pacifist, was at'}, {'start': '2696.079', 'end': '2701.040', 'text': 'first reluctant to get involved in any'}, {'start': '2698.160', 'end': '2704.079', 'text': 'military matters. But Sillard painted a'}, {'start': '2701.040', 'end': '2707.160', 'text': 'dire picture. If the Nazis developed an'}, {'start': '2704.079', 'end': '2709.920', 'text': 'atomic bomb, they could enslave the'}, {'start': '2707.160', 'end': '2712.079', 'text': 'world. With war seemingly imminent,'}, {'start': '2709.920', 'end': '2716.119', 'text': 'indeed, World War II would begin in'}, {'start': '2712.079', 'end': '2719.200', 'text': 'September 1939. Doing nothing was not an'}, {'start': '2716.119', 'end': '2721.839', 'text': 'option. After much discussion, Sillard'}, {'start': '2719.200', 'end': '2724.079', 'text': 'drafted a letter to us. President'}, {'start': '2721.839', 'end': '2727.839', 'text': 'Franklin D. Roosevelt. And on August'}, {'start': '2724.079', 'end': '2729.760', 'text': '2nd, 1939, Einstein signed it. The'}, {'start': '2727.839', 'end': '2731.680', 'text': 'letter warned that Germany might be'}, {'start': '2729.760', 'end': '2734.400', 'text': 'working on an incredibly powerful new'}, {'start': '2731.680', 'end': '2736.920', 'text': 'bomb and urged the US to accelerate its'}, {'start': '2734.400', 'end': '2739.760', 'text': 'own research into uranium chain'}, {'start': '2736.920', 'end': '2742.400', 'text': 'reactions. Sillard urgent, leaning'}, {'start': '2739.760', 'end': '2744.720', 'text': 'forward in his chair. Albert, we need to'}, {'start': '2742.400', 'end': '2746.880', 'text': 'tell Washington. You are the one person'}, {'start': '2744.720', 'end': '2749.920', 'text': 'who can make them listen. They may not'}, {'start': '2746.880', 'end': '2752.800', 'text': 'know me or believe a refugee scientist,'}, {'start': '2749.920', 'end': '2755.599', 'text': 'but they know your name. Einstein'}, {'start': '2752.800', 'end': '2758.480', 'text': 'hesitates, furrowing his brow. I have'}, {'start': '2755.599', 'end': '2761.240', 'text': 'always hated war, writing to urge the'}, {'start': '2758.480', 'end': '2765.240', 'text': 'creation of a weapon. It goes against my'}, {'start': '2761.240', 'end': '2768.480', 'text': 'nature, Zeard, pleading. I know, my'}, {'start': '2765.240', 'end': '2771.119', 'text': 'friend. But consider the alternative. If'}, {'start': '2768.480', 'end': '2772.440', 'text': 'Hitler gets this bomb first, it could be'}, {'start': '2771.119', 'end': '2775.440', 'text': 'the end of'}, {'start': '2772.440', 'end': '2778.480', 'text': 'civilization. We must not allow that.'}, {'start': '2775.440', 'end': '2781.200', 'text': 'Sometimes to prevent a greater evil, one'}, {'start': '2778.480', 'end': '2783.839', 'text': 'must take an uncomfortable step.'}, {'start': '2781.200', 'end': '2787.800', 'text': 'Einstein sigh deeply, looking out at the'}, {'start': '2783.839', 'end': '2791.520', 'text': 'peaceful summer sea. Finally, he nods,'}, {'start': '2787.800', 'end': '2794.720', 'text': 'resolute. Einstein, all right, let us'}, {'start': '2791.520', 'end': '2797.520', 'text': 'write the letter. That fateful letter'}, {'start': '2794.720', 'end': '2799.839', 'text': 'set in motion the Manhattan project,'}, {'start': '2797.520', 'end': '2803.520', 'text': "America's crash program to develop the"}, {'start': '2799.839', 'end': '2805.920', 'text': 'atomic bomb. Einstein himself did not'}, {'start': '2803.520', 'end': '2808.400', 'text': 'work on the project. He was not invited'}, {'start': '2805.920', 'end': '2810.720', 'text': 'by the US government partly due to'}, {'start': '2808.400', 'end': '2813.359', 'text': 'security concerns over his socialist'}, {'start': '2810.720', 'end': '2815.680', 'text': 'leanings and connections. In fact,'}, {'start': '2813.359', 'end': '2817.839', 'text': 'during the war, Einstein was more of a'}, {'start': '2815.680', 'end': '2820.400', 'text': 'symbolic figurehead than an active'}, {'start': '2817.839', 'end': '2822.640', 'text': 'participant in wartime science. He'}, {'start': '2820.400', 'end': '2825.200', 'text': 'continued his job at Princeton, raising'}, {'start': '2822.640', 'end': '2827.359', 'text': 'funds for the Navy through bond drives'}, {'start': '2825.200', 'end': '2829.920', 'text': 'and wrote articles denouncing Nazi'}, {'start': '2827.359', 'end': '2832.400', 'text': 'brutality. But as he learned about the'}, {'start': '2829.920', 'end': '2834.920', 'text': 'scale of the Manhattan project, which by'}, {'start': '2832.400', 'end': '2838.480', 'text': '1945 succeeded in building nuclear'}, {'start': '2834.920', 'end': '2840.400', 'text': 'weapons, Einstein felt a growing unease.'}, {'start': '2838.480', 'end': '2842.960', 'text': 'He had pushed the first domino with his'}, {'start': '2840.400', 'end': '2845.839', 'text': 'letter. Now a chain reaction of events'}, {'start': '2842.960', 'end': '2849.040', 'text': 'was unfolding that he could not stop. In'}, {'start': '2845.839', 'end': '2852.000', 'text': 'early August 1945, when the US dropped'}, {'start': '2849.040', 'end': '2854.960', 'text': 'atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki,'}, {'start': '2852.000', 'end': '2857.119', 'text': 'Einstein was horrified. Though it'}, {'start': '2854.960', 'end': '2859.520', 'text': 'brought an abrupt end to World War II,'}, {'start': '2857.119', 'end': '2862.800', 'text': 'the immense destruction and loss of life'}, {'start': '2859.520', 'end': '2865.119', 'text': 'shook him to his core. Yes, Hitler was'}, {'start': '2862.800', 'end': '2867.520', 'text': 'gone, having been defeated a few months'}, {'start': '2865.119', 'end': '2870.880', 'text': 'earlier before the bombs were used, but'}, {'start': '2867.520', 'end': '2873.359', 'text': 'a new terrifying era had begun. Einstein'}, {'start': '2870.880', 'end': '2875.200', 'text': 'later said with deep regret, "Had I'}, {'start': '2873.359', 'end': '2877.680', 'text': 'known that the Germans would not succeed'}, {'start': '2875.200', 'end': '2880.160', 'text': 'in producing an atomic bomb, I would'}, {'start': '2877.680', 'end': '2882.160', 'text': 'never have lifted a finger."'}, {'start': '2880.160', 'end': '2883.920', 'text': 'This candid admission laid bare his'}, {'start': '2882.160', 'end': '2885.839', 'text': 'remorse for having even indirectly'}, {'start': '2883.920', 'end': '2888.400', 'text': 'contributed to the creation of nuclear'}, {'start': '2885.839', 'end': '2890.800', 'text': 'weapons. He felt a moral responsibility'}, {'start': '2888.400', 'end': '2893.359', 'text': 'now to control what he helped unleash.'}, {'start': '2890.800', 'end': '2896.400', 'text': 'After the war, Einstein, now in his'}, {'start': '2893.359', 'end': '2899.839', 'text': 'late60s, did not rest on his laurels or'}, {'start': '2896.400', 'end': '2902.000', 'text': 'retreat into ivory tower work. Instead,'}, {'start': '2899.839', 'end': '2904.160', 'text': 'he became an outspoken advocate for'}, {'start': '2902.000', 'end': '2906.720', 'text': 'peace and international control of'}, {'start': '2904.160', 'end': '2908.640', 'text': 'nuclear power. He lent his name and'}, {'start': '2906.720', 'end': '2911.680', 'text': 'energy to the emergency committee of'}, {'start': '2908.640', 'end': '2914.480', 'text': 'atomic scientists along with Sillard and'}, {'start': '2911.680', 'end': '2916.800', 'text': 'other scientists campaigning to educate'}, {'start': '2914.480', 'end': '2919.680', 'text': 'the public about the dangers of nuclear'}, {'start': '2916.800', 'end': '2922.000', 'text': 'war and to encourage world government or'}, {'start': '2919.680', 'end': '2925.280', 'text': 'any framework that might prevent future'}, {'start': '2922.000', 'end': '2928.000', 'text': 'use of such weapons. He corresponded'}, {'start': '2925.280', 'end': '2929.920', 'text': 'with leaders and penned essays, warning'}, {'start': '2928.000', 'end': '2932.880', 'text': 'that a new way of thinking was required'}, {'start': '2929.920', 'end': '2935.119', 'text': 'in the atomic age. The splitting of the'}, {'start': '2932.880', 'end': '2937.760', 'text': 'atom has changed everything save our'}, {'start': '2935.119', 'end': '2939.960', 'text': 'modes of thinking, he wrote, and thus we'}, {'start': '2937.760', 'end': '2942.079', 'text': 'drift toward unparalleled'}, {'start': '2939.960', 'end': '2944.400', 'text': 'catastrophe. We shall require a'}, {'start': '2942.079', 'end': '2946.040', 'text': 'substantially new manner of thinking if'}, {'start': '2944.400', 'end': '2949.200', 'text': 'mankind is to'}, {'start': '2946.040', 'end': '2951.160', 'text': "survive. At the same time, Einstein's"}, {'start': '2949.200', 'end': '2954.960', 'text': 'personal life in America had its'}, {'start': '2951.160', 'end': '2957.280', 'text': 'sorrows. In 1936, his wife Elsa had'}, {'start': '2954.960', 'end': '2960.640', 'text': 'passed away just 3 years after they'}, {'start': '2957.280', 'end': '2963.440', 'text': "immigrated. Einstein's two sons remained"}, {'start': '2960.640', 'end': '2965.680', 'text': 'in Europe. Hans Albert eventually moved'}, {'start': '2963.440', 'end': '2968.640', 'text': 'to the US and became a respected'}, {'start': '2965.680', 'end': '2971.520', 'text': 'engineer, making Einstein proud, while'}, {'start': '2968.640', 'end': '2974.079', 'text': 'Edward, who suffered from schizophrenia,'}, {'start': '2971.520', 'end': '2976.200', 'text': 'stayed in a Swiss psychiatric clinic, a'}, {'start': '2974.079', 'end': '2979.359', 'text': 'source of lifelong heartbreak for'}, {'start': '2976.200', 'end': '2981.839', 'text': 'Einstein. In Princeton, Einstein found'}, {'start': '2979.359', 'end': '2984.240', 'text': 'companionship in his secretary, Helen'}, {'start': '2981.839', 'end': '2986.720', 'text': 'Ducas, and his step-daughter Margot,'}, {'start': '2984.240', 'end': '2989.359', 'text': "Elsa's daughter, who lived with him and"}, {'start': '2986.720', 'end': '2991.119', 'text': 'managed his affairs. He also formed'}, {'start': '2989.359', 'end': '2993.280', 'text': 'close friendships with a few colleagues'}, {'start': '2991.119', 'end': '2995.839', 'text': 'at the Institute for Advanced Study,'}, {'start': '2993.280', 'end': '2999.119', 'text': 'such as economist Oscar Morgan Stern and'}, {'start': '2995.839', 'end': '3001.599', 'text': 'logician Curt Goodel. With Goodel,'}, {'start': '2999.119', 'end': '3004.400', 'text': 'Einstein would famously take long walks'}, {'start': '3001.599', 'end': '3007.040', 'text': 'home. The two lost in conversation about'}, {'start': '3004.400', 'end': '3010.240', 'text': 'philosophy and mathematics, a testament'}, {'start': '3007.040', 'end': '3013.040', 'text': "to Einstein's undimemed curiosity even"}, {'start': '3010.240', 'end': '3015.359', 'text': 'in his final years. One poignant'}, {'start': '3013.040', 'end': '3018.720', 'text': "anecdote reflects Einstein's humanity"}, {'start': '3015.359', 'end': '3020.680', 'text': 'during this time. In 1946, he was'}, {'start': '3018.720', 'end': '3022.880', 'text': 'invited to Lincoln University in'}, {'start': '3020.680', 'end': '3024.720', 'text': 'Pennsylvania, a historically black'}, {'start': '3022.880', 'end': '3027.440', 'text': 'college, where he gave a speech'}, {'start': '3024.720', 'end': '3029.599', 'text': 'denouncing racism in America as another'}, {'start': '3027.440', 'end': '3032.640', 'text': 'great evil of his time, calling'}, {'start': '3029.599', 'end': '3034.720', 'text': 'segregation a disease of white people.'}, {'start': '3032.640', 'end': '3037.040', 'text': 'He befriended the students there,'}, {'start': '3034.720', 'end': '3039.599', 'text': 'offering encouragement and even some'}, {'start': '3037.040', 'end': '3041.839', 'text': 'personal tutoring. The man, whose ideas'}, {'start': '3039.599', 'end': '3044.079', 'text': 'had reshaped physics, was equally'}, {'start': '3041.839', 'end': '3048.000', 'text': 'passionate about issues of justice and'}, {'start': '3044.079', 'end': '3050.000', 'text': 'human dignity. By the late 1940s, Albert'}, {'start': '3048.000', 'end': '3053.040', 'text': 'Einstein had become more than just the'}, {'start': '3050.000', 'end': '3056.160', 'text': "world's most famous scientist. He had"}, {'start': '3053.040', 'end': '3059.520', 'text': 'become its moral compass in many ways. A'}, {'start': '3056.160', 'end': '3061.520', 'text': 'refugee who spoke for refugees. A man of'}, {'start': '3059.520', 'end': '3064.640', 'text': 'peace who had reluctantly enabled a'}, {'start': '3061.520', 'end': '3066.800', 'text': 'weapon of unimaginable power. A genius'}, {'start': '3064.640', 'end': '3069.280', 'text': 'who felt compelled to use his voice for'}, {'start': '3066.800', 'end': '3071.920', 'text': 'the greater good. As the Cold War set in'}, {'start': '3069.280', 'end': '3074.319', 'text': "and nuclear arsenals grew, Einstein's"}, {'start': '3071.920', 'end': '3076.559', 'text': 'warning words echoed around the globe.'}, {'start': '3074.319', 'end': '3078.839', 'text': 'Even as he continued to chase a unifying'}, {'start': '3076.559', 'end': '3081.760', 'text': 'truth in the equations scribbled on his'}, {'start': '3078.839', 'end': '3084.240', 'text': "notepads, his life's journey from the"}, {'start': '3081.760', 'end': '3086.640', 'text': 'curious child with a compass to an elder'}, {'start': '3084.240', 'end': '3088.880', 'text': 'statesman of science and conscience was'}, {'start': '3086.640', 'end': '3093.480', 'text': 'nearing its end, but not before one'}, {'start': '3088.880', 'end': '3093.480', 'text': 'final chapter of reflection and legacy.'}, {'start': '3097.200', 'end': '3099.839', 'text': 'Legacy of a'}, {'start': '3102.200', 'end': '3109.760', 'text': 'Genius. On a quiet April day in 1955,'}, {'start': '3106.319', 'end': '3112.720', 'text': 'inside a Princeton hospital, 76-year-old'}, {'start': '3109.760', 'end': '3115.280', 'text': 'Albert Einstein lay weak but at peace,'}, {'start': '3112.720', 'end': '3117.599', 'text': 'aware that his time was near. He had'}, {'start': '3115.280', 'end': '3119.359', 'text': 'suffered an abdominal aortic aneurysm'}, {'start': '3117.599', 'end': '3122.319', 'text': 'rupture, a condition that was'}, {'start': '3119.359', 'end': '3124.640', 'text': 'irreparable at the time. In his final'}, {'start': '3122.319', 'end': '3126.559', 'text': 'hours, he asked for his notes on his'}, {'start': '3124.640', 'end': '3129.359', 'text': 'latest calculations to be brought to'}, {'start': '3126.559', 'end': '3131.440', 'text': 'him. Even on his deathbed, he was trying'}, {'start': '3129.359', 'end': '3132.839', 'text': 'to glean one more insight into the'}, {'start': '3131.440', 'end': '3135.280', 'text': 'workings of the'}, {'start': '3132.839', 'end': '3137.599', 'text': 'universe. A nurse later recalled that'}, {'start': '3135.280', 'end': '3139.680', 'text': 'Einstein mumbled a few last words in'}, {'start': '3137.599', 'end': '3142.000', 'text': 'German, but she did not understand the'}, {'start': '3139.680', 'end': '3145.280', 'text': 'language, so his final utterance was'}, {'start': '3142.000', 'end': '3147.200', 'text': 'lost. It seemed somehow fitting. The man'}, {'start': '3145.280', 'end': '3150.599', 'text': 'who had unveiled so many secrets of the'}, {'start': '3147.200', 'end': '3153.599', 'text': 'universe left a small mystery as his own'}, {'start': '3150.599', 'end': '3156.119', 'text': 'epilogue. Albert Einstein died in the'}, {'start': '3153.599', 'end': '3159.359', 'text': 'early hours of April 18th,'}, {'start': '3156.119', 'end': '3162.160', 'text': '1955. The news flashed around the world.'}, {'start': '3159.359', 'end': '3164.880', 'text': 'The great scientist was gone. In the'}, {'start': '3162.160', 'end': '3167.520', 'text': 'days that followed, newspapers and radio'}, {'start': '3164.880', 'end': '3170.000', 'text': 'broadcasts across the globe commemorated'}, {'start': '3167.520', 'end': '3172.720', 'text': 'him. Many struggled to put into words'}, {'start': '3170.000', 'end': '3175.200', 'text': 'what he had meant to the world.'}, {'start': '3172.720', 'end': '3178.480', 'text': 'He was compared to Newton, hailed as the'}, {'start': '3175.200', 'end': '3180.680', 'text': 'symbol of genius itself. Time magazine'}, {'start': '3178.480', 'end': '3183.520', 'text': 'had once dubbed him person of the'}, {'start': '3180.680', 'end': '3185.839', 'text': "century. In Einstein's humble Princeton"}, {'start': '3183.520', 'end': '3188.400', 'text': 'home, a few close friends and family'}, {'start': '3185.839', 'end': '3191.440', 'text': 'gathered to remember a man who, despite'}, {'start': '3188.400', 'end': '3194.160', 'text': 'his fame, had lived simply. At his'}, {'start': '3191.440', 'end': '3196.720', 'text': 'request, there was no lavish funeral.'}, {'start': '3194.160', 'end': '3198.559', 'text': 'His body was cremated the same day and'}, {'start': '3196.720', 'end': '3200.800', 'text': 'his ashes scattered in a secret'}, {'start': '3198.559', 'end': '3203.200', 'text': 'location. He did not want to become a'}, {'start': '3200.800', 'end': '3206.000', 'text': 'shrine or monument. In death, as in'}, {'start': '3203.200', 'end': '3209.119', 'text': 'life, Albert sought simplicity and truth'}, {'start': '3206.000', 'end': '3211.680', 'text': 'over pomp and glory. In a curious'}, {'start': '3209.119', 'end': '3214.480', 'text': 'footnote, the pathologist who autopsied'}, {'start': '3211.680', 'end': '3216.720', 'text': "him removed Einstein's brain without"}, {'start': '3214.480', 'end': '3219.760', 'text': 'permission in hopes of discovering the'}, {'start': '3216.720', 'end': '3222.160', 'text': 'secret of his genius. The brain was'}, {'start': '3219.760', 'end': '3224.480', 'text': 'preserved and studied by scientists in'}, {'start': '3222.160', 'end': '3227.760', 'text': 'subsequent decades, but the true source'}, {'start': '3224.480', 'end': '3230.240', 'text': 'of genius yielded no easy answers. In'}, {'start': '3227.760', 'end': '3232.640', 'text': "the end, Einstein's mind, like the"}, {'start': '3230.240', 'end': '3235.000', 'text': 'cosmos he studied, could not be fully'}, {'start': '3232.640', 'end': '3238.079', 'text': 'understood by dissecting matter'}, {'start': '3235.000', 'end': '3240.319', 'text': 'alone. Now, many years have passed since'}, {'start': '3238.079', 'end': '3243.359', 'text': "that April morning. Yet, Einstein's"}, {'start': '3240.319', 'end': '3246.400', 'text': 'legacy shines brighter than ever. What'}, {'start': '3243.359', 'end': '3248.079', 'text': 'exactly is that legacy? It lives in the'}, {'start': '3246.400', 'end': '3250.640', 'text': 'technologies that sprang from his'}, {'start': '3248.079', 'end': '3252.880', 'text': 'discoveries. From GPS systems that'}, {'start': '3250.640', 'end': '3255.440', 'text': 'correct for relativistic time dilation'}, {'start': '3252.880', 'end': '3257.839', 'text': 'so your navigation is accurate to solar'}, {'start': '3255.440', 'end': '3260.960', 'text': 'panels and photoelectric sensors that'}, {'start': '3257.839', 'end': '3263.200', 'text': 'owe a nod to his Nobel work. It lives in'}, {'start': '3260.960', 'end': '3266.079', 'text': 'the awe of black hole images and'}, {'start': '3263.200', 'end': '3268.720', 'text': 'gravitational waves detected by LIGO.'}, {'start': '3266.079', 'end': '3271.680', 'text': 'Each triumph of modern physics builds on'}, {'start': '3268.720', 'end': '3274.319', 'text': 'the foundations Einstein laid. When'}, {'start': '3271.680', 'end': '3276.480', 'text': 'astronauts orbit Earth, they experience'}, {'start': '3274.319', 'end': '3279.040', 'text': 'firsthand the time dilation he'}, {'start': '3276.480', 'end': '3280.960', 'text': 'predicted. When scientists contemplate'}, {'start': '3279.040', 'end': '3284.000', 'text': 'the beginning of the universe in the big'}, {'start': '3280.960', 'end': '3286.960', 'text': 'bang, they use general relativity to'}, {'start': '3284.000', 'end': '3288.880', 'text': 'frame the expansion of space and time.'}, {'start': '3286.960', 'end': '3290.960', 'text': "Einstein's equations even helped us"}, {'start': '3288.880', 'end': '3293.480', 'text': 'understand the chemistry of stars and'}, {'start': '3290.960', 'end': '3295.599', 'text': 'the creation of elements through stellar'}, {'start': '3293.480', 'end': '3298.720', 'text': 'nucleiosynthesis, all stemming from the'}, {'start': '3295.599', 'end': '3301.040', 'text': 'energy mass relation. In short, our'}, {'start': '3298.720', 'end': '3304.000', 'text': 'modern understanding of the cosmos is'}, {'start': '3301.040', 'end': '3306.559', 'text': 'unthinkable without Albert Einstein. But'}, {'start': '3304.000', 'end': '3309.319', 'text': "beyond scientific theory, Einstein's"}, {'start': '3306.559', 'end': '3312.319', 'text': 'legacy is also one of inspiration and'}, {'start': '3309.319', 'end': '3313.960', 'text': 'values. He showed the world the power of'}, {'start': '3312.319', 'end': '3316.400', 'text': 'imagination and'}, {'start': '3313.960', 'end': '3319.040', 'text': 'curiosity. He never lost the sense of'}, {'start': '3316.400', 'end': '3322.160', 'text': 'wonder he had as a little boy transfixed'}, {'start': '3319.040', 'end': '3323.720', 'text': 'by a compass. He often said the'}, {'start': '3322.160', 'end': '3326.079', 'text': 'important thing is not to stop'}, {'start': '3323.720', 'end': '3328.400', 'text': 'questioning. Curiosity has its own'}, {'start': '3326.079', 'end': '3330.960', 'text': 'reason for existing. He questioned'}, {'start': '3328.400', 'end': '3333.119', 'text': 'authority when it stifled truth, whether'}, {'start': '3330.960', 'end': '3335.839', 'text': 'it was a strict school master or an'}, {'start': '3333.119', 'end': '3338.319', 'text': 'unjust government. His independent'}, {'start': '3335.839', 'end': '3340.240', 'text': 'thinking, once criticized, became the'}, {'start': '3338.319', 'end': '3342.720', 'text': 'very quality that made him immortal in'}, {'start': '3340.240', 'end': '3345.599', 'text': 'his achievements. Einstein also'}, {'start': '3342.720', 'end': '3348.079', 'text': 'demonstrated moral courage. He was never'}, {'start': '3345.599', 'end': '3350.760', 'text': 'afraid to speak out for peace, for human'}, {'start': '3348.079', 'end': '3353.599', 'text': 'rights, and for cooperation across'}, {'start': '3350.760', 'end': '3356.400', 'text': 'borders. At times, his outspokenenness'}, {'start': '3353.599', 'end': '3359.280', 'text': 'made him a target, but he persisted.'}, {'start': '3356.400', 'end': '3361.440', 'text': 'Even as he attained worldwide fame, he'}, {'start': '3359.280', 'end': '3363.960', 'text': 'remained approachable, humble, and'}, {'start': '3361.440', 'end': '3366.079', 'text': 'dedicated to using his influence'}, {'start': '3363.960', 'end': '3368.000', 'text': "responsibly. There's a story of a young"}, {'start': '3366.079', 'end': '3370.559', 'text': 'girl in South Africa who wrote to him'}, {'start': '3368.000', 'end': '3373.799', 'text': 'about the racial injustices she saw, and'}, {'start': '3370.559', 'end': '3375.839', 'text': 'Einstein responded with kindness and'}, {'start': '3373.799', 'end': '3378.400', 'text': 'encouragement. One of his well-known'}, {'start': '3375.839', 'end': '3380.880', 'text': 'reminders was, "Try not to become a man'}, {'start': '3378.400', 'end': '3383.520', 'text': 'of success, but rather try to become a'}, {'start': '3380.880', 'end': '3386.799', 'text': 'man of value." He lived up to that'}, {'start': '3383.520', 'end': '3389.040', 'text': 'creed. Success came unsought. What he'}, {'start': '3386.799', 'end': '3390.359', 'text': 'sought was understanding and to be of'}, {'start': '3389.040', 'end': '3392.720', 'text': 'value to'}, {'start': '3390.359', 'end': '3395.359', 'text': 'humanity. In the final years of his'}, {'start': '3392.720', 'end': '3397.640', 'text': 'life, one last honor was offered that'}, {'start': '3395.359', 'end': '3400.960', 'text': 'spoke volumes about his esteem'}, {'start': '3397.640', 'end': '3402.960', 'text': 'worldwide. In 1952, the young nation of'}, {'start': '3400.960', 'end': '3405.200', 'text': 'Israel offered him the position of'}, {'start': '3402.960', 'end': '3407.880', 'text': 'president of Israel, a largely'}, {'start': '3405.200', 'end': '3411.040', 'text': 'ceremonial role, but a deeply symbolic'}, {'start': '3407.880', 'end': '3413.760', 'text': 'gesture. Einstein was moved yet'}, {'start': '3411.040', 'end': '3415.839', 'text': 'declined. He wrote that his life had'}, {'start': '3413.760', 'end': '3418.240', 'text': 'been devoted to objective matters and'}, {'start': '3415.839', 'end': '3421.520', 'text': 'that he lacked both the aptitude and the'}, {'start': '3418.240', 'end': '3424.400', 'text': 'experience to deal properly with people.'}, {'start': '3421.520', 'end': '3426.799', 'text': 'Ever the self- aacing sage, Einstein'}, {'start': '3424.400', 'end': '3429.760', 'text': 'recognized his limits. He was not a'}, {'start': '3426.799', 'end': '3432.920', 'text': 'politician or a statesman. His realm was'}, {'start': '3429.760', 'end': '3435.680', 'text': 'the mind and in that realm he reigned'}, {'start': '3432.920', 'end': '3437.520', 'text': 'supreme. His refusal also showed that'}, {'start': '3435.680', 'end': '3440.079', 'text': 'leadership should be left to those'}, {'start': '3437.520', 'end': '3443.079', 'text': 'better suited. reminding the world that'}, {'start': '3440.079', 'end': '3446.079', 'text': 'even the greatest of minds must know'}, {'start': '3443.079', 'end': '3449.119', 'text': 'humility. Imagine Albert Einstein in'}, {'start': '3446.079', 'end': '3451.960', 'text': 'those peaceful Princeton days, a kindly'}, {'start': '3449.119', 'end': '3454.480', 'text': 'old man with twinkling eyes behind round'}, {'start': '3451.960', 'end': '3457.119', 'text': 'glasses, white hair sticking out in'}, {'start': '3454.480', 'end': '3459.760', 'text': 'every direction, strolling leisurely in'}, {'start': '3457.119', 'end': '3463.200', 'text': 'a sweater. A neighborhood child might'}, {'start': '3459.760', 'end': '3466.079', 'text': 'ask, "Professor Einstein, why are you so'}, {'start': '3463.200', 'end': '3469.200', 'text': 'famous?" and he might laugh because I'}, {'start': '3466.079', 'end': '3471.040', 'text': 'never gave up my childish curiosity. He'}, {'start': '3469.200', 'end': '3473.920', 'text': 'never lost the spark of youth in his'}, {'start': '3471.040', 'end': '3476.319', 'text': 'heart. As an old man, Einstein once'}, {'start': '3473.920', 'end': '3479.200', 'text': 'mused that he felt closely connected to'}, {'start': '3476.319', 'end': '3481.920', 'text': 'the child he had been. In many ways, his'}, {'start': '3479.200', 'end': '3483.680', 'text': 'life was a continuous journey of wonder.'}, {'start': '3481.920', 'end': '3486.079', 'text': 'He retained a sense of humor and'}, {'start': '3483.680', 'end': '3489.200', 'text': 'perspective about himself. When asked'}, {'start': '3486.079', 'end': '3492.000', 'text': 'about his IQ, Einstein shrugged, "I have'}, {'start': '3489.200', 'end': '3495.119', 'text': 'no idea. People who boast about their IQ'}, {'start': '3492.000', 'end': '3497.520', 'text': 'are losers." To him, intellectual'}, {'start': '3495.119', 'end': '3500.640', 'text': 'pursuits were about beauty and truth,'}, {'start': '3497.520', 'end': '3502.559', 'text': 'not scores or prestige. He found deep'}, {'start': '3500.640', 'end': '3505.839', 'text': "beauty in the harmony of the universe's"}, {'start': '3502.559', 'end': '3508.880', 'text': 'laws. Today, Einstein has become a'}, {'start': '3505.839', 'end': '3511.280', 'text': 'synonym for genius. We see caricatures'}, {'start': '3508.880', 'end': '3513.040', 'text': 'of his iconic hair, the playful'}, {'start': '3511.280', 'end': '3515.920', 'text': 'photograph of him sticking out his'}, {'start': '3513.040', 'end': '3518.960', 'text': 'tongue, an image of intellect mixed with'}, {'start': '3515.920', 'end': '3521.760', 'text': 'whimsy. But behind that icon stood a'}, {'start': '3518.960', 'end': '3524.640', 'text': 'real human being who faced struggles,'}, {'start': '3521.760', 'end': '3528.079', 'text': 'made mistakes, fought for justice, and'}, {'start': '3524.640', 'end': '3530.480', 'text': 'loved humanity. He left behind letters,'}, {'start': '3528.079', 'end': '3532.720', 'text': 'speeches, and writings that continue to'}, {'start': '3530.480', 'end': '3535.200', 'text': 'inspire people not just to explore'}, {'start': '3532.720', 'end': '3536.880', 'text': 'physics, but also to keep hold of their'}, {'start': '3535.200', 'end': '3539.359', 'text': 'ideals.'}, {'start': '3536.880', 'end': '3541.920', 'text': "Albert Einstein's journey from a little"}, {'start': '3539.359', 'end': '3545.119', 'text': 'boy enchanted by a compass to a young'}, {'start': '3541.920', 'end': '3547.920', 'text': 'rebel defying conventions to a genius'}, {'start': '3545.119', 'end': '3550.880', 'text': 'unlocking the secrets of space and time'}, {'start': '3547.920', 'end': '3553.680', 'text': 'to an elder statesman calling for peace'}, {'start': '3550.880', 'end': '3556.559', 'text': 'is a story of passionate curiosity and'}, {'start': '3553.680', 'end': '3559.200', 'text': 'enduring hope. It teaches us that even'}, {'start': '3556.559', 'end': '3562.000', 'text': 'in the face of adversity, remaining true'}, {'start': '3559.200', 'end': '3565.119', 'text': "to one's curiosity and principles can"}, {'start': '3562.000', 'end': '3568.240', 'text': 'lead to extraordinary achievements.'}, {'start': '3565.119', 'end': '3570.640', 'text': "In a world often divided, Einstein's"}, {'start': '3568.240', 'end': '3573.200', 'text': 'life reminds us of the unity of'}, {'start': '3570.640', 'end': '3575.280', 'text': 'knowledge and humanity. His equations'}, {'start': '3573.200', 'end': '3577.520', 'text': 'described how the gravity of a distant'}, {'start': '3575.280', 'end': '3580.559', 'text': 'star could affect a beam of light here'}, {'start': '3577.520', 'end': '3582.720', 'text': 'on Earth. And his actions showed how one'}, {'start': '3580.559', 'end': '3585.520', 'text': "individual's moral choices can"}, {'start': '3582.720', 'end': '3588.079', 'text': 'reverberate globally. The ripples of his'}, {'start': '3585.520', 'end': '3590.799', 'text': 'influence span from the realm of atoms'}, {'start': '3588.079', 'end': '3592.720', 'text': 'to the majestic dance of galaxies and'}, {'start': '3590.799', 'end': '3595.440', 'text': 'continue to echo in the hearts of those'}, {'start': '3592.720', 'end': '3597.520', 'text': 'who dare to question and dream. So the'}, {'start': '3595.440', 'end': '3599.760', 'text': 'next time you gaze up at the star-filled'}, {'start': '3597.520', 'end': '3601.920', 'text': "sky, think about how one person's"}, {'start': '3599.760', 'end': '3604.720', 'text': 'relentless imagination helped us'}, {'start': '3601.920', 'end': '3607.440', 'text': 'understand why those stars shine and how'}, {'start': '3604.720', 'end': '3609.760', 'text': 'the universe holds them in place. In'}, {'start': '3607.440', 'end': '3612.000', 'text': 'doing so, he also gave us a shining'}, {'start': '3609.760', 'end': '3614.079', 'text': 'example of a life devoted to truth and'}, {'start': '3612.000', 'end': '3618.440', 'text': 'guided by conscience. This is the'}, {'start': '3614.079', 'end': '3618.440', 'text': 'enduring light of Albert Einstein.'}]