The aims of this study were to ( @ ) study autophagy by characterizing changes in levels of beclin-@ , DRAM , and LC@B in human placenta throughout gestation ; ( @ ) determine whether autophagy is involved in regulation of trophoblast invasion in JEG-@ cells ( a choriocarcinoma cell line ) ; ( @ ) examine the effects of reduced oxygen and glucose on the autophagic changes ; and ( @ ) investigate the effect of reoxygenation and supplementation of glucose after oxygen-glucose deprivation ( OGD ) on the autophagic changes in primary cytotrophoblasts obtained from normal term pregnancy .