In two multicentre , randomised , blinded , double-dummy , parallel-group , active-controlled trials , eligible patients ( current or former smokers aged @ years or older with an established clinical history of COPD ) were randomly assigned in @:@:@:@ ratio to UMEC @ g plus VI @ g , UMEC @ g plus VI @ g , TIO @ g , and either VI @ g ( study @ ) or UMEC @ g ( study @ ) .