Patients were assessed by visual analogue scale ( VAS ) ( Boonstra et al. , Int J Rehabil Res @:@ -@ , @ ; Price et al. , Pain @:@ -@ , @ ) pain score for back and leg pain , and the Oswestry Disability Index questionnaire ( ODI ) ( Smeets et al. , Arthritis Care Res ( Hoboken ) @ : S@-S@ , @ ) .