creation_sourcecode: // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  
  // File: @openzeppelin/contracts@5.0.2/utils/Nonces.sol
  
  
  // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (utils/Nonces.sol)
  pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
  
  /**
   * @dev Provides tracking nonces for addresses. Nonces will only increment.
   */
  abstract contract Nonces {
      /**
       * @dev The nonce used for an `account` is not the expected current nonce.
       */
      error InvalidAccountNonce(address account, uint256 currentNonce);
  
      mapping(address account => uint256) private _nonces;
  
      /**
       * @dev Returns the next unused nonce for an address.
       */
      function nonces(address owner) public view virtual returns (uint256) {
          return _nonces[owner];
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev Consumes a nonce.
       *
       * Returns the current value and increments nonce.
       */
      function _useNonce(address owner) internal virtual returns (uint256) {
          // For each account, the nonce has an initial value of 0, can only be incremented by one, and cannot be
          // decremented or reset. This guarantees that the nonce never overflows.
          unchecked {
              // It is important to do x++ and not ++x here.
              return _nonces[owner]++;
          }
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev Same as {_useNonce} but checking that `nonce` is the next valid for `owner`.
       */
      function _useCheckedNonce(address owner, uint256 nonce) internal virtual {
          uint256 current = _useNonce(owner);
          if (nonce != current) {
              revert InvalidAccountNonce(owner, current);
          }
      }
  }
  
  // File: @openzeppelin/contracts@5.0.2/interfaces/IERC5267.sol
  
  
  // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (interfaces/IERC5267.sol)
  
  pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
  
  interface IERC5267 {
      /**
       * @dev MAY be emitted to signal that the domain could have changed.
       */
      event EIP712DomainChanged();
  
      /**
       * @dev returns the fields and values that describe the domain separator used by this contract for EIP-712
       * signature.
       */
      function eip712Domain()
          external
          view
          returns (
              bytes1 fields,
              string memory name,
              string memory version,
              uint256 chainId,
              address verifyingContract,
              bytes32 salt,
              uint256[] memory extensions
          );
  }
  
  // File: @openzeppelin/contracts@5.0.2/utils/StorageSlot.sol
  
  
  // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (utils/StorageSlot.sol)
  // This file was procedurally generated from scripts/generate/templates/StorageSlot.js.
  
  pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
  
  /**
   * @dev Library for reading and writing primitive types to specific storage slots.
   *
   * Storage slots are often used to avoid storage conflict when dealing with upgradeable contracts.
   * This library helps with reading and writing to such slots without the need for inline assembly.
   *
   * The functions in this library return Slot structs that contain a `value` member that can be used to read or write.
   *
   * Example usage to set ERC1967 implementation slot:
   * ```solidity
   * contract ERC1967 {
   *     bytes32 internal constant _IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT = 0x360894a13ba1a3210667c828492db98dca3e2076cc3735a920a3ca505d382bbc;
   *
   *     function _getImplementation() internal view returns (address) {
   *         return StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT).value;
   *     }
   *
   *     function _setImplementation(address newImplementation) internal {
   *         require(newImplementation.code.length > 0);
   *         StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT).value = newImplementation;
   *     }
   * }
   * ```
   */
  library StorageSlot {
      struct AddressSlot {
          address value;
      }
  
      struct BooleanSlot {
          bool value;
      }
  
      struct Bytes32Slot {
          bytes32 value;
      }
  
      struct Uint256Slot {
          uint256 value;
      }
  
      struct StringSlot {
          string value;
      }
  
      struct BytesSlot {
          bytes value;
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev Returns an `AddressSlot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
       */
      function getAddressSlot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (AddressSlot storage r) {
          /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
          assembly {
              r.slot := slot
          }
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev Returns an `BooleanSlot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
       */
      function getBooleanSlot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (BooleanSlot storage r) {
          /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
          assembly {
              r.slot := slot
          }
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev Returns an `Bytes32Slot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
       */
      function getBytes32Slot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (Bytes32Slot storage r) {
          /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
          assembly {
              r.slot := slot
          }
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev Returns an `Uint256Slot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
       */
      function getUint256Slot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (Uint256Slot storage r) {
          /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
          assembly {
              r.slot := slot
          }
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev Returns an `StringSlot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
       */
      function getStringSlot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (StringSlot storage r) {
          /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
          assembly {
              r.slot := slot
          }
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev Returns an `StringSlot` representation of the string storage pointer `store`.
       */
      function getStringSlot(string storage store) internal pure returns (StringSlot storage r) {
          /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
          assembly {
              r.slot := store.slot
          }
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev Returns an `BytesSlot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
       */
      function getBytesSlot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (BytesSlot storage r) {
          /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
          assembly {
              r.slot := slot
          }
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev Returns an `BytesSlot` representation of the bytes storage pointer `store`.
       */
      function getBytesSlot(bytes storage store) internal pure returns (BytesSlot storage r) {
          /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
          assembly {
              r.slot := store.slot
          }
      }
  }
  
  // File: @openzeppelin/contracts@5.0.2/utils/ShortStrings.sol
  
  
  // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (utils/ShortStrings.sol)
  
  pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
  
  
  // | string  | 0xAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA   |
  // | length  | 0x                                                              BB |
  type ShortString is bytes32;
  
  /**
   * @dev This library provides functions to convert short memory strings
   * into a `ShortString` type that can be used as an immutable variable.
   *
   * Strings of arbitrary length can be optimized using this library if
   * they are short enough (up to 31 bytes) by packing them with their
   * length (1 byte) in a single EVM word (32 bytes). Additionally, a
   * fallback mechanism can be used for every other case.
   *
   * Usage example:
   *
   * ```solidity
   * contract Named {
   *     using ShortStrings for *;
   *
   *     ShortString private immutable _name;
   *     string private _nameFallback;
   *
   *     constructor(string memory contractName) {
   *         _name = contractName.toShortStringWithFallback(_nameFallback);
   *     }
   *
   *     function name() external view returns (string memory) {
   *         return _name.toStringWithFallback(_nameFallback);
   *     }
   * }
   * ```
   */
  library ShortStrings {
      // Used as an identifier for strings longer than 31 bytes.
      bytes32 private constant FALLBACK_SENTINEL = 0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000FF;
  
      error StringTooLong(string str);
      error InvalidShortString();
  
      /**
       * @dev Encode a string of at most 31 chars into a `ShortString`.
       *
       * This will trigger a `StringTooLong` error is the input string is too long.
       */
      function toShortString(string memory str) internal pure returns (ShortString) {
          bytes memory bstr = bytes(str);
          if (bstr.length > 31) {
              revert StringTooLong(str);
          }
          return ShortString.wrap(bytes32(uint256(bytes32(bstr)) | bstr.length));
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev Decode a `ShortString` back to a "normal" string.
       */
      function toString(ShortString sstr) internal pure returns (string memory) {
          uint256 len = byteLength(sstr);
          // using `new string(len)` would work locally but is not memory safe.
          string memory str = new string(32);
          /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
          assembly {
              mstore(str, len)
              mstore(add(str, 0x20), sstr)
          }
          return str;
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev Return the length of a `ShortString`.
       */
      function byteLength(ShortString sstr) internal pure returns (uint256) {
          uint256 result = uint256(ShortString.unwrap(sstr)) & 0xFF;
          if (result > 31) {
              revert InvalidShortString();
          }
          return result;
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev Encode a string into a `ShortString`, or write it to storage if it is too long.
       */
      function toShortStringWithFallback(string memory value, string storage store) internal returns (ShortString) {
          if (bytes(value).length < 32) {
              return toShortString(value);
          } else {
              StorageSlot.getStringSlot(store).value = value;
              return ShortString.wrap(FALLBACK_SENTINEL);
          }
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev Decode a string that was encoded to `ShortString` or written to storage using {setWithFallback}.
       */
      function toStringWithFallback(ShortString value, string storage store) internal pure returns (string memory) {
          if (ShortString.unwrap(value) != FALLBACK_SENTINEL) {
              return toString(value);
          } else {
              return store;
          }
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev Return the length of a string that was encoded to `ShortString` or written to storage using
       * {setWithFallback}.
       *
       * WARNING: This will return the "byte length" of the string. This may not reflect the actual length in terms of
       * actual characters as the UTF-8 encoding of a single character can span over multiple bytes.
       */
      function byteLengthWithFallback(ShortString value, string storage store) internal view returns (uint256) {
          if (ShortString.unwrap(value) != FALLBACK_SENTINEL) {
              return byteLength(value);
          } else {
              return bytes(store).length;
          }
      }
  }
  
  // File: @openzeppelin/contracts@5.0.2/utils/math/SignedMath.sol
  
  
  // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (utils/math/SignedMath.sol)
  
  pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
  
  /**
   * @dev Standard signed math utilities missing in the Solidity language.
   */
  library SignedMath {
      /**
       * @dev Returns the largest of two signed numbers.
       */
      function max(int256 a, int256 b) internal pure returns (int256) {
          return a > b ? a : b;
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev Returns the smallest of two signed numbers.
       */
      function min(int256 a, int256 b) internal pure returns (int256) {
          return a < b ? a : b;
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev Returns the average of two signed numbers without overflow.
       * The result is rounded towards zero.
       */
      function average(int256 a, int256 b) internal pure returns (int256) {
          // Formula from the book "Hacker's Delight"
          int256 x = (a & b) + ((a ^ b) >> 1);
          return x + (int256(uint256(x) >> 255) & (a ^ b));
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev Returns the absolute unsigned value of a signed value.
       */
      function abs(int256 n) internal pure returns (uint256) {
          unchecked {
              // must be unchecked in order to support `n = type(int256).min`
              return uint256(n >= 0 ? n : -n);
          }
      }
  }
  
  // File: @openzeppelin/contracts@5.0.2/utils/math/Math.sol
  
  
  // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (utils/math/Math.sol)
  
  pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
  
  /**
   * @dev Standard math utilities missing in the Solidity language.
   */
  library Math {
      /**
       * @dev Muldiv operation overflow.
       */
      error MathOverflowedMulDiv();
  
      enum Rounding {
          Floor, // Toward negative infinity
          Ceil, // Toward positive infinity
          Trunc, // Toward zero
          Expand // Away from zero
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev Returns the addition of two unsigned integers, with an overflow flag.
       */
      function tryAdd(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (bool, uint256) {
          unchecked {
              uint256 c = a + b;
              if (c < a) return (false, 0);
              return (true, c);
          }
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev Returns the subtraction of two unsigned integers, with an overflow flag.
       */
      function trySub(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (bool, uint256) {
          unchecked {
              if (b > a) return (false, 0);
              return (true, a - b);
          }
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev Returns the multiplication of two unsigned integers, with an overflow flag.
       */
      function tryMul(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (bool, uint256) {
          unchecked {
              // Gas optimization: this is cheaper than requiring 'a' not being zero, but the
              // benefit is lost if 'b' is also tested.
              // See: https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/pull/522
              if (a == 0) return (true, 0);
              uint256 c = a * b;
              if (c / a != b) return (false, 0);
              return (true, c);
          }
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev Returns the division of two unsigned integers, with a division by zero flag.
       */
      function tryDiv(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (bool, uint256) {
          unchecked {
              if (b == 0) return (false, 0);
              return (true, a / b);
          }
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev Returns the remainder of dividing two unsigned integers, with a division by zero flag.
       */
      function tryMod(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (bool, uint256) {
          unchecked {
              if (b == 0) return (false, 0);
              return (true, a % b);
          }
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev Returns the largest of two numbers.
       */
      function max(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
          return a > b ? a : b;
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev Returns the smallest of two numbers.
       */
      function min(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
          return a < b ? a : b;
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev Returns the average of two numbers. The result is rounded towards
       * zero.
       */
      function average(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
          // (a + b) / 2 can overflow.
          return (a & b) + (a ^ b) / 2;
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev Returns the ceiling of the division of two numbers.
       *
       * This differs from standard division with `/` in that it rounds towards infinity instead
       * of rounding towards zero.
       */
      function ceilDiv(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
          if (b == 0) {
              // Guarantee the same behavior as in a regular Solidity division.
              return a / b;
          }
  
          // (a + b - 1) / b can overflow on addition, so we distribute.
          return a == 0 ? 0 : (a - 1) / b + 1;
      }
  
      /**
       * @notice Calculates floor(x * y / denominator) with full precision. Throws if result overflows a uint256 or
       * denominator == 0.
       * @dev Original credit to Remco Bloemen under MIT license (https://xn--2-umb.com/21/muldiv) with further edits by
       * Uniswap Labs also under MIT license.
       */
      function mulDiv(uint256 x, uint256 y, uint256 denominator) internal pure returns (uint256 result) {
          unchecked {
              // 512-bit multiply [prod1 prod0] = x * y. Compute the product mod 2^256 and mod 2^256 - 1, then use
              // use the Chinese Remainder Theorem to reconstruct the 512 bit result. The result is stored in two 256
              // variables such that product = prod1 * 2^256 + prod0.
              uint256 prod0 = x * y; // Least significant 256 bits of the product
              uint256 prod1; // Most significant 256 bits of the product
              assembly {
                  let mm := mulmod(x, y, not(0))
                  prod1 := sub(sub(mm, prod0), lt(mm, prod0))
              }
  
              // Handle non-overflow cases, 256 by 256 division.
              if (prod1 == 0) {
                  // Solidity will revert if denominator == 0, unlike the div opcode on its own.
                  // The surrounding unchecked block does not change this fact.
                  // See https://docs.soliditylang.org/en/latest/control-structures.html#checked-or-unchecked-arithmetic.
                  return prod0 / denominator;
              }
  
              // Make sure the result is less than 2^256. Also prevents denominator == 0.
              if (denominator <= prod1) {
                  revert MathOverflowedMulDiv();
              }
  
              ///////////////////////////////////////////////
              // 512 by 256 division.
              ///////////////////////////////////////////////
  
              // Make division exact by subtracting the remainder from [prod1 prod0].
              uint256 remainder;
              assembly {
                  // Compute remainder using mulmod.
                  remainder := mulmod(x, y, denominator)
  
                  // Subtract 256 bit number from 512 bit number.
                  prod1 := sub(prod1, gt(remainder, prod0))
                  prod0 := sub(prod0, remainder)
              }
  
              // Factor powers of two out of denominator and compute largest power of two divisor of denominator.
              // Always >= 1. See https://cs.stackexchange.com/q/138556/92363.
  
              uint256 twos = denominator & (0 - denominator);
              assembly {
                  // Divide denominator by twos.
                  denominator := div(denominator, twos)
  
                  // Divide [prod1 prod0] by twos.
                  prod0 := div(prod0, twos)
  
                  // Flip twos such that it is 2^256 / twos. If twos is zero, then it becomes one.
                  twos := add(div(sub(0, twos), twos), 1)
              }
  
              // Shift in bits from prod1 into prod0.
              prod0 |= prod1 * twos;
  
              // Invert denominator mod 2^256. Now that denominator is an odd number, it has an inverse modulo 2^256 such
              // that denominator * inv = 1 mod 2^256. Compute the inverse by starting with a seed that is correct for
              // four bits. That is, denominator * inv = 1 mod 2^4.
              uint256 inverse = (3 * denominator) ^ 2;
  
              // Use the Newton-Raphson iteration to improve the precision. Thanks to Hensel's lifting lemma, this also
              // works in modular arithmetic, doubling the correct bits in each step.
              inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^8
              inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^16
              inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^32
              inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^64
              inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^128
              inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^256
  
              // Because the division is now exact we can divide by multiplying with the modular inverse of denominator.
              // This will give us the correct result modulo 2^256. Since the preconditions guarantee that the outcome is
              // less than 2^256, this is the final result. We don't need to compute the high bits of the result and prod1
              // is no longer required.
              result = prod0 * inverse;
              return result;
          }
      }
  
      /**
       * @notice Calculates x * y / denominator with full precision, following the selected rounding direction.
       */
      function mulDiv(uint256 x, uint256 y, uint256 denominator, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
          uint256 result = mulDiv(x, y, denominator);
          if (unsignedRoundsUp(rounding) && mulmod(x, y, denominator) > 0) {
              result += 1;
          }
          return result;
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev Returns the square root of a number. If the number is not a perfect square, the value is rounded
       * towards zero.
       *
       * Inspired by Henry S. Warren, Jr.'s "Hacker's Delight" (Chapter 11).
       */
      function sqrt(uint256 a) internal pure returns (uint256) {
          if (a == 0) {
              return 0;
          }
  
          // For our first guess, we get the biggest power of 2 which is smaller than the square root of the target.
          //
          // We know that the "msb" (most significant bit) of our target number `a` is a power of 2 such that we have
          // `msb(a) <= a < 2*msb(a)`. This value can be written `msb(a)=2**k` with `k=log2(a)`.
          //
          // This can be rewritten `2**log2(a) <= a < 2**(log2(a) + 1)`
          // → `sqrt(2**k) <= sqrt(a) < sqrt(2**(k+1))`
          // → `2**(k/2) <= sqrt(a) < 2**((k+1)/2) <= 2**(k/2 + 1)`
          //
          // Consequently, `2**(log2(a) / 2)` is a good first approximation of `sqrt(a)` with at least 1 correct bit.
          uint256 result = 1 << (log2(a) >> 1);
  
          // At this point `result` is an estimation with one bit of precision. We know the true value is a uint128,
          // since it is the square root of a uint256. Newton's method converges quadratically (precision doubles at
          // every iteration). We thus need at most 7 iteration to turn our partial result with one bit of precision
          // into the expected uint128 result.
          unchecked {
              result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
              result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
              result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
              result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
              result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
              result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
              result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
              return min(result, a / result);
          }
      }
  
      /**
       * @notice Calculates sqrt(a), following the selected rounding direction.
       */
      function sqrt(uint256 a, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
          unchecked {
              uint256 result = sqrt(a);
              return result + (unsignedRoundsUp(rounding) && result * result < a ? 1 : 0);
          }
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev Return the log in base 2 of a positive value rounded towards zero.
       * Returns 0 if given 0.
       */
      function log2(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint256) {
          uint256 result = 0;
          unchecked {
              if (value >> 128 > 0) {
                  value >>= 128;
                  result += 128;
              }
              if (value >> 64 > 0) {
                  value >>= 64;
                  result += 64;
              }
              if (value >> 32 > 0) {
                  value >>= 32;
                  result += 32;
              }
              if (value >> 16 > 0) {
                  value >>= 16;
                  result += 16;
              }
              if (value >> 8 > 0) {
                  value >>= 8;
                  result += 8;
              }
              if (value >> 4 > 0) {
                  value >>= 4;
                  result += 4;
              }
              if (value >> 2 > 0) {
                  value >>= 2;
                  result += 2;
              }
              if (value >> 1 > 0) {
                  result += 1;
              }
          }
          return result;
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev Return the log in base 2, following the selected rounding direction, of a positive value.
       * Returns 0 if given 0.
       */
      function log2(uint256 value, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
          unchecked {
              uint256 result = log2(value);
              return result + (unsignedRoundsUp(rounding) && 1 << result < value ? 1 : 0);
          }
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev Return the log in base 10 of a positive value rounded towards zero.
       * Returns 0 if given 0.
       */
      function log10(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint256) {
          uint256 result = 0;
          unchecked {
              if (value >= 10 ** 64) {
                  value /= 10 ** 64;
                  result += 64;
              }
              if (value >= 10 ** 32) {
                  value /= 10 ** 32;
                  result += 32;
              }
              if (value >= 10 ** 16) {
                  value /= 10 ** 16;
                  result += 16;
              }
              if (value >= 10 ** 8) {
                  value /= 10 ** 8;
                  result += 8;
              }
              if (value >= 10 ** 4) {
                  value /= 10 ** 4;
                  result += 4;
              }
              if (value >= 10 ** 2) {
                  value /= 10 ** 2;
                  result += 2;
              }
              if (value >= 10 ** 1) {
                  result += 1;
              }
          }
          return result;
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev Return the log in base 10, following the selected rounding direction, of a positive value.
       * Returns 0 if given 0.
       */
      function log10(uint256 value, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
          unchecked {
              uint256 result = log10(value);
              return result + (unsignedRoundsUp(rounding) && 10 ** result < value ? 1 : 0);
          }
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev Return the log in base 256 of a positive value rounded towards zero.
       * Returns 0 if given 0.
       *
       * Adding one to the result gives the number of pairs of hex symbols needed to represent `value` as a hex string.
       */
      function log256(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint256) {
          uint256 result = 0;
          unchecked {
              if (value >> 128 > 0) {
                  value >>= 128;
                  result += 16;
              }
              if (value >> 64 > 0) {
                  value >>= 64;
                  result += 8;
              }
              if (value >> 32 > 0) {
                  value >>= 32;
                  result += 4;
              }
              if (value >> 16 > 0) {
                  value >>= 16;
                  result += 2;
              }
              if (value >> 8 > 0) {
                  result += 1;
              }
          }
          return result;
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev Return the log in base 256, following the selected rounding direction, of a positive value.
       * Returns 0 if given 0.
       */
      function log256(uint256 value, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
          unchecked {
              uint256 result = log256(value);
              return result + (unsignedRoundsUp(rounding) && 1 << (result << 3) < value ? 1 : 0);
          }
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev Returns whether a provided rounding mode is considered rounding up for unsigned integers.
       */
      function unsignedRoundsUp(Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (bool) {
          return uint8(rounding) % 2 == 1;
      }
  }
  
  // File: @openzeppelin/contracts@5.0.2/utils/Strings.sol
  
  
  // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (utils/Strings.sol)
  
  pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
  
  
  
  /**
   * @dev String operations.
   */
  library Strings {
      bytes16 private constant HEX_DIGITS = "0123456789abcdef";
      uint8 private constant ADDRESS_LENGTH = 20;
  
      /**
       * @dev The `value` string doesn't fit in the specified `length`.
       */
      error StringsInsufficientHexLength(uint256 value, uint256 length);
  
      /**
       * @dev Converts a `uint256` to its ASCII `string` decimal representation.
       */
      function toString(uint256 value) internal pure returns (string memory) {
          unchecked {
              uint256 length = Math.log10(value) + 1;
              string memory buffer = new string(length);
              uint256 ptr;
              /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
              assembly {
                  ptr := add(buffer, add(32, length))
              }
              while (true) {
                  ptr--;
                  /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                  assembly {
                      mstore8(ptr, byte(mod(value, 10), HEX_DIGITS))
                  }
                  value /= 10;
                  if (value == 0) break;
              }
              return buffer;
          }
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev Converts a `int256` to its ASCII `string` decimal representation.
       */
      function toStringSigned(int256 value) internal pure returns (string memory) {
          return string.concat(value < 0 ? "-" : "", toString(SignedMath.abs(value)));
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev Converts a `uint256` to its ASCII `string` hexadecimal representation.
       */
      function toHexString(uint256 value) internal pure returns (string memory) {
          unchecked {
              return toHexString(value, Math.log256(value) + 1);
          }
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev Converts a `uint256` to its ASCII `string` hexadecimal representation with fixed length.
       */
      function toHexString(uint256 value, uint256 length) internal pure returns (string memory) {
          uint256 localValue = value;
          bytes memory buffer = new bytes(2 * length + 2);
          buffer[0] = "0";
          buffer[1] = "x";
          for (uint256 i = 2 * length + 1; i > 1; --i) {
              buffer[i] = HEX_DIGITS[localValue & 0xf];
              localValue >>= 4;
          }
          if (localValue != 0) {
              revert StringsInsufficientHexLength(value, length);
          }
          return string(buffer);
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev Converts an `address` with fixed length of 20 bytes to its not checksummed ASCII `string` hexadecimal
       * representation.
       */
      function toHexString(address addr) internal pure returns (string memory) {
          return toHexString(uint256(uint160(addr)), ADDRESS_LENGTH);
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev Returns true if the two strings are equal.
       */
      function equal(string memory a, string memory b) internal pure returns (bool) {
          return bytes(a).length == bytes(b).length && keccak256(bytes(a)) == keccak256(bytes(b));
      }
  }
  
  // File: @openzeppelin/contracts@5.0.2/utils/cryptography/MessageHashUtils.sol
  
  
  // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (utils/cryptography/MessageHashUtils.sol)
  
  pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
  
  
  /**
   * @dev Signature message hash utilities for producing digests to be consumed by {ECDSA} recovery or signing.
   *
   * The library provides methods for generating a hash of a message that conforms to the
   * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-191[EIP 191] and https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-712[EIP 712]
   * specifications.
   */
  library MessageHashUtils {
      /**
       * @dev Returns the keccak256 digest of an EIP-191 signed data with version
       * `0x45` (`personal_sign` messages).
       *
       * The digest is calculated by prefixing a bytes32 `messageHash` with
       * `"\x19Ethereum Signed Message:\n32"` and hashing the result. It corresponds with the
       * hash signed when using the https://eth.wiki/json-rpc/API#eth_sign[`eth_sign`] JSON-RPC method.
       *
       * NOTE: The `messageHash` parameter is intended to be the result of hashing a raw message with
       * keccak256, although any bytes32 value can be safely used because the final digest will
       * be re-hashed.
       *
       * See {ECDSA-recover}.
       */
      function toEthSignedMessageHash(bytes32 messageHash) internal pure returns (bytes32 digest) {
          /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
          assembly {
              mstore(0x00, "\x19Ethereum Signed Message:\n32") // 32 is the bytes-length of messageHash
              mstore(0x1c, messageHash) // 0x1c (28) is the length of the prefix
              digest := keccak256(0x00, 0x3c) // 0x3c is the length of the prefix (0x1c) + messageHash (0x20)
          }
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev Returns the keccak256 digest of an EIP-191 signed data with version
       * `0x45` (`personal_sign` messages).
       *
       * The digest is calculated by prefixing an arbitrary `message` with
       * `"\x19Ethereum Signed Message:\n" + len(message)` and hashing the result. It corresponds with the
       * hash signed when using the https://eth.wiki/json-rpc/API#eth_sign[`eth_sign`] JSON-RPC method.
       *
       * See {ECDSA-recover}.
       */
      function toEthSignedMessageHash(bytes memory message) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
          return
              keccak256(bytes.concat("\x19Ethereum Signed Message:\n", bytes(Strings.toString(message.length)), message));
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev Returns the keccak256 digest of an EIP-191 signed data with version
       * `0x00` (data with intended validator).
       *
       * The digest is calculated by prefixing an arbitrary `data` with `"\x19\x00"` and the intended
       * `validator` address. Then hashing the result.
       *
       * See {ECDSA-recover}.
       */
      function toDataWithIntendedValidatorHash(address validator, bytes memory data) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
          return keccak256(abi.encodePacked(hex"19_00", validator, data));
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev Returns the keccak256 digest of an EIP-712 typed data (EIP-191 version `0x01`).
       *
       * The digest is calculated from a `domainSeparator` and a `structHash`, by prefixing them with
       * `\x19\x01` and hashing the result. It corresponds to the hash signed by the
       * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-712[`eth_signTypedData`] JSON-RPC method as part of EIP-712.
       *
       * See {ECDSA-recover}.
       */
      function toTypedDataHash(bytes32 domainSeparator, bytes32 structHash) internal pure returns (bytes32 digest) {
          /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
          assembly {
              let ptr := mload(0x40)
              mstore(ptr, hex"19_01")
              mstore(add(ptr, 0x02), domainSeparator)
              mstore(add(ptr, 0x22), structHash)
              digest := keccak256(ptr, 0x42)
          }
      }
  }
  
  // File: @openzeppelin/contracts@5.0.2/utils/cryptography/EIP712.sol
  
  
  // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (utils/cryptography/EIP712.sol)
  
  pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
  
  
  
  
  /**
   * @dev https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-712[EIP 712] is a standard for hashing and signing of typed structured data.
   *
   * The encoding scheme specified in the EIP requires a domain separator and a hash of the typed structured data, whose
   * encoding is very generic and therefore its implementation in Solidity is not feasible, thus this contract
   * does not implement the encoding itself. Protocols need to implement the type-specific encoding they need in order to
   * produce the hash of their typed data using a combination of `abi.encode` and `keccak256`.
   *
   * This contract implements the EIP 712 domain separator ({_domainSeparatorV4}) that is used as part of the encoding
   * scheme, and the final step of the encoding to obtain the message digest that is then signed via ECDSA
   * ({_hashTypedDataV4}).
   *
   * The implementation of the domain separator was designed to be as efficient as possible while still properly updating
   * the chain id to protect against replay attacks on an eventual fork of the chain.
   *
   * NOTE: This contract implements the version of the encoding known as "v4", as implemented by the JSON RPC method
   * https://docs.metamask.io/guide/signing-data.html[`eth_signTypedDataV4` in MetaMask].
   *
   * NOTE: In the upgradeable version of this contract, the cached values will correspond to the address, and the domain
   * separator of the implementation contract. This will cause the {_domainSeparatorV4} function to always rebuild the
   * separator from the immutable values, which is cheaper than accessing a cached version in cold storage.
   *
   * @custom:oz-upgrades-unsafe-allow state-variable-immutable
   */
  abstract contract EIP712 is IERC5267 {
      using ShortStrings for *;
  
      bytes32 private constant TYPE_HASH =
          keccak256("EIP712Domain(string name,string version,uint256 chainId,address verifyingContract)");
  
      // Cache the domain separator as an immutable value, but also store the chain id that it corresponds to, in order to
      // invalidate the cached domain separator if the chain id changes.
      bytes32 private immutable _cachedDomainSeparator;
      uint256 private immutable _cachedChainId;
      address private immutable _cachedThis;
  
      bytes32 private immutable _hashedName;
      bytes32 private immutable _hashedVersion;
  
      ShortString private immutable _name;
      ShortString private immutable _version;
      string private _nameFallback;
      string private _versionFallback;
  
      /**
       * @dev Initializes the domain separator and parameter caches.
       *
       * The meaning of `name` and `version` is specified in
       * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-712#definition-of-domainseparator[EIP 712]:
       *
       * - `name`: the user readable name of the signing domain, i.e. the name of the DApp or the protocol.
       * - `version`: the current major version of the signing domain.
       *
       * NOTE: These parameters cannot be changed except through a xref:learn::upgrading-smart-contracts.adoc[smart
       * contract upgrade].
       */
      constructor(string memory name, string memory version) {
          _name = name.toShortStringWithFallback(_nameFallback);
          _version = version.toShortStringWithFallback(_versionFallback);
          _hashedName = keccak256(bytes(name));
          _hashedVersion = keccak256(bytes(version));
  
          _cachedChainId = block.chainid;
          _cachedDomainSeparator = _buildDomainSeparator();
          _cachedThis = address(this);
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev Returns the domain separator for the current chain.
       */
      function _domainSeparatorV4() internal view returns (bytes32) {
          if (address(this) == _cachedThis && block.chainid == _cachedChainId) {
              return _cachedDomainSeparator;
          } else {
              return _buildDomainSeparator();
          }
      }
  
      function _buildDomainSeparator() private view returns (bytes32) {
          return keccak256(abi.encode(TYPE_HASH, _hashedName, _hashedVersion, block.chainid, address(this)));
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev Given an already https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-712#definition-of-hashstruct[hashed struct], this
       * function returns the hash of the fully encoded EIP712 message for this domain.
       *
       * This hash can be used together with {ECDSA-recover} to obtain the signer of a message. For example:
       *
       * ```solidity
       * bytes32 digest = _hashTypedDataV4(keccak256(abi.encode(
       *     keccak256("Mail(address to,string contents)"),
       *     mailTo,
       *     keccak256(bytes(mailContents))
       * )));
       * address signer = ECDSA.recover(digest, signature);
       * ```
       */
      function _hashTypedDataV4(bytes32 structHash) internal view virtual returns (bytes32) {
          return MessageHashUtils.toTypedDataHash(_domainSeparatorV4(), structHash);
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev See {IERC-5267}.
       */
      function eip712Domain()
          public
          view
          virtual
          returns (
              bytes1 fields,
              string memory name,
              string memory version,
              uint256 chainId,
              address verifyingContract,
              bytes32 salt,
              uint256[] memory extensions
          )
      {
          return (
              hex"0f", // 01111
              _EIP712Name(),
              _EIP712Version(),
              block.chainid,
              address(this),
              bytes32(0),
              new uint256[](0)
          );
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev The name parameter for the EIP712 domain.
       *
       * NOTE: By default this function reads _name which is an immutable value.
       * It only reads from storage if necessary (in case the value is too large to fit in a ShortString).
       */
      // solhint-disable-next-line func-name-mixedcase
      function _EIP712Name() internal view returns (string memory) {
          return _name.toStringWithFallback(_nameFallback);
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev The version parameter for the EIP712 domain.
       *
       * NOTE: By default this function reads _version which is an immutable value.
       * It only reads from storage if necessary (in case the value is too large to fit in a ShortString).
       */
      // solhint-disable-next-line func-name-mixedcase
      function _EIP712Version() internal view returns (string memory) {
          return _version.toStringWithFallback(_versionFallback);
      }
  }
  
  // File: @openzeppelin/contracts@5.0.2/utils/cryptography/ECDSA.sol
  
  
  // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (utils/cryptography/ECDSA.sol)
  
  pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
  
  /**
   * @dev Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA) operations.
   *
   * These functions can be used to verify that a message was signed by the holder
   * of the private keys of a given address.
   */
  library ECDSA {
      enum RecoverError {
          NoError,
          InvalidSignature,
          InvalidSignatureLength,
          InvalidSignatureS
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev The signature derives the `address(0)`.
       */
      error ECDSAInvalidSignature();
  
      /**
       * @dev The signature has an invalid length.
       */
      error ECDSAInvalidSignatureLength(uint256 length);
  
      /**
       * @dev The signature has an S value that is in the upper half order.
       */
      error ECDSAInvalidSignatureS(bytes32 s);
  
      /**
       * @dev Returns the address that signed a hashed message (`hash`) with `signature` or an error. This will not
       * return address(0) without also returning an error description. Errors are documented using an enum (error type)
       * and a bytes32 providing additional information about the error.
       *
       * If no error is returned, then the address can be used for verification purposes.
       *
       * The `ecrecover` EVM precompile allows for malleable (non-unique) signatures:
       * this function rejects them by requiring the `s` value to be in the lower
       * half order, and the `v` value to be either 27 or 28.
       *
       * IMPORTANT: `hash` _must_ be the result of a hash operation for the
       * verification to be secure: it is possible to craft signatures that
       * recover to arbitrary addresses for non-hashed data. A safe way to ensure
       * this is by receiving a hash of the original message (which may otherwise
       * be too long), and then calling {MessageHashUtils-toEthSignedMessageHash} on it.
       *
       * Documentation for signature generation:
       * - with https://web3js.readthedocs.io/en/v1.3.4/web3-eth-accounts.html#sign[Web3.js]
       * - with https://docs.ethers.io/v5/api/signer/#Signer-signMessage[ethers]
       */
      function tryRecover(bytes32 hash, bytes memory signature) internal pure returns (address, RecoverError, bytes32) {
          if (signature.length == 65) {
              bytes32 r;
              bytes32 s;
              uint8 v;
              // ecrecover takes the signature parameters, and the only way to get them
              // currently is to use assembly.
              /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
              assembly {
                  r := mload(add(signature, 0x20))
                  s := mload(add(signature, 0x40))
                  v := byte(0, mload(add(signature, 0x60)))
              }
              return tryRecover(hash, v, r, s);
          } else {
              return (address(0), RecoverError.InvalidSignatureLength, bytes32(signature.length));
          }
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev Returns the address that signed a hashed message (`hash`) with
       * `signature`. This address can then be used for verification purposes.
       *
       * The `ecrecover` EVM precompile allows for malleable (non-unique) signatures:
       * this function rejects them by requiring the `s` value to be in the lower
       * half order, and the `v` value to be either 27 or 28.
       *
       * IMPORTANT: `hash` _must_ be the result of a hash operation for the
       * verification to be secure: it is possible to craft signatures that
       * recover to arbitrary addresses for non-hashed data. A safe way to ensure
       * this is by receiving a hash of the original message (which may otherwise
       * be too long), and then calling {MessageHashUtils-toEthSignedMessageHash} on it.
       */
      function recover(bytes32 hash, bytes memory signature) internal pure returns (address) {
          (address recovered, RecoverError error, bytes32 errorArg) = tryRecover(hash, signature);
          _throwError(error, errorArg);
          return recovered;
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev Overload of {ECDSA-tryRecover} that receives the `r` and `vs` short-signature fields separately.
       *
       * See https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2098[EIP-2098 short signatures]
       */
      function tryRecover(bytes32 hash, bytes32 r, bytes32 vs) internal pure returns (address, RecoverError, bytes32) {
          unchecked {
              bytes32 s = vs & bytes32(0x7fffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff);
              // We do not check for an overflow here since the shift operation results in 0 or 1.
              uint8 v = uint8((uint256(vs) >> 255) + 27);
              return tryRecover(hash, v, r, s);
          }
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev Overload of {ECDSA-recover} that receives the `r and `vs` short-signature fields separately.
       */
      function recover(bytes32 hash, bytes32 r, bytes32 vs) internal pure returns (address) {
          (address recovered, RecoverError error, bytes32 errorArg) = tryRecover(hash, r, vs);
          _throwError(error, errorArg);
          return recovered;
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev Overload of {ECDSA-tryRecover} that receives the `v`,
       * `r` and `s` signature fields separately.
       */
      function tryRecover(
          bytes32 hash,
          uint8 v,
          bytes32 r,
          bytes32 s
      ) internal pure returns (address, RecoverError, bytes32) {
          // EIP-2 still allows signature malleability for ecrecover(). Remove this possibility and make the signature
          // unique. Appendix F in the Ethereum Yellow paper (https://ethereum.github.io/yellowpaper/paper.pdf), defines
          // the valid range for s in (301): 0 < s < secp256k1n ÷ 2 + 1, and for v in (302): v ∈ {27, 28}. Most
          // signatures from current libraries generate a unique signature with an s-value in the lower half order.
          //
          // If your library generates malleable signatures, such as s-values in the upper range, calculate a new s-value
          // with 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFEBAAEDCE6AF48A03BBFD25E8CD0364141 - s1 and flip v from 27 to 28 or
          // vice versa. If your library also generates signatures with 0/1 for v instead 27/28, add 27 to v to accept
          // these malleable signatures as well.
          if (uint256(s) > 0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF5D576E7357A4501DDFE92F46681B20A0) {
              return (address(0), RecoverError.InvalidSignatureS, s);
          }
  
          // If the signature is valid (and not malleable), return the signer address
          address signer = ecrecover(hash, v, r, s);
          if (signer == address(0)) {
              return (address(0), RecoverError.InvalidSignature, bytes32(0));
          }
  
          return (signer, RecoverError.NoError, bytes32(0));
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev Overload of {ECDSA-recover} that receives the `v`,
       * `r` and `s` signature fields separately.
       */
      function recover(bytes32 hash, uint8 v, bytes32 r, bytes32 s) internal pure returns (address) {
          (address recovered, RecoverError error, bytes32 errorArg) = tryRecover(hash, v, r, s);
          _throwError(error, errorArg);
          return recovered;
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev Optionally reverts with the corresponding custom error according to the `error` argument provided.
       */
      function _throwError(RecoverError error, bytes32 errorArg) private pure {
          if (error == RecoverError.NoError) {
              return; // no error: do nothing
          } else if (error == RecoverError.InvalidSignature) {
              revert ECDSAInvalidSignature();
          } else if (error == RecoverError.InvalidSignatureLength) {
              revert ECDSAInvalidSignatureLength(uint256(errorArg));
          } else if (error == RecoverError.InvalidSignatureS) {
              revert ECDSAInvalidSignatureS(errorArg);
          }
      }
  }
  
  // File: @openzeppelin/contracts@5.0.2/token/ERC20/extensions/IERC20Permit.sol
  
  
  // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (token/ERC20/extensions/IERC20Permit.sol)
  
  pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
  
  /**
   * @dev Interface of the ERC20 Permit extension allowing approvals to be made via signatures, as defined in
   * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2612[EIP-2612].
   *
   * Adds the {permit} method, which can be used to change an account's ERC20 allowance (see {IERC20-allowance}) by
   * presenting a message signed by the account. By not relying on {IERC20-approve}, the token holder account doesn't
   * need to send a transaction, and thus is not required to hold Ether at all.
   *
   * ==== Security Considerations
   *
   * There are two important considerations concerning the use of `permit`. The first is that a valid permit signature
   * expresses an allowance, and it should not be assumed to convey additional meaning. In particular, it should not be
   * considered as an intention to spend the allowance in any specific way. The second is that because permits have
   * built-in replay protection and can be submitted by anyone, they can be frontrun. A protocol that uses permits should
   * take this into consideration and allow a `permit` call to fail. Combining these two aspects, a pattern that may be
   * generally recommended is:
   *
   * ```solidity
   * function doThingWithPermit(..., uint256 value, uint256 deadline, uint8 v, bytes32 r, bytes32 s) public {
   *     try token.permit(msg.sender, address(this), value, deadline, v, r, s) {} catch {}
   *     doThing(..., value);
   * }
   *
   * function doThing(..., uint256 value) public {
   *     token.safeTransferFrom(msg.sender, address(this), value);
   *     ...
   * }
   * ```
   *
   * Observe that: 1) `msg.sender` is used as the owner, leaving no ambiguity as to the signer intent, and 2) the use of
   * `try/catch` allows the permit to fail and makes the code tolerant to frontrunning. (See also
   * {SafeERC20-safeTransferFrom}).
   *
   * Additionally, note that smart contract wallets (such as Argent or Safe) are not able to produce permit signatures, so
   * contracts should have entry points that don't rely on permit.
   */
  interface IERC20Permit {
      /**
       * @dev Sets `value` as the allowance of `spender` over ``owner``'s tokens,
       * given ``owner``'s signed approval.
       *
       * IMPORTANT: The same issues {IERC20-approve} has related to transaction
       * ordering also apply here.
       *
       * Emits an {Approval} event.
       *
       * Requirements:
       *
       * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
       * - `deadline` must be a timestamp in the future.
       * - `v`, `r` and `s` must be a valid `secp256k1` signature from `owner`
       * over the EIP712-formatted function arguments.
       * - the signature must use ``owner``'s current nonce (see {nonces}).
       *
       * For more information on the signature format, see the
       * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2612#specification[relevant EIP
       * section].
       *
       * CAUTION: See Security Considerations above.
       */
      function permit(
          address owner,
          address spender,
          uint256 value,
          uint256 deadline,
          uint8 v,
          bytes32 r,
          bytes32 s
      ) external;
  
      /**
       * @dev Returns the current nonce for `owner`. This value must be
       * included whenever a signature is generated for {permit}.
       *
       * Every successful call to {permit} increases ``owner``'s nonce by one. This
       * prevents a signature from being used multiple times.
       */
      function nonces(address owner) external view returns (uint256);
  
      /**
       * @dev Returns the domain separator used in the encoding of the signature for {permit}, as defined by {EIP712}.
       */
      // solhint-disable-next-line func-name-mixedcase
      function DOMAIN_SEPARATOR() external view returns (bytes32);
  }
  
  // File: @openzeppelin/contracts@5.0.2/interfaces/draft-IERC6093.sol
  
  
  // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (interfaces/draft-IERC6093.sol)
  pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
  
  /**
   * @dev Standard ERC20 Errors
   * Interface of the https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-6093[ERC-6093] custom errors for ERC20 tokens.
   */
  interface IERC20Errors {
      /**
       * @dev Indicates an error related to the current `balance` of a `sender`. Used in transfers.
       * @param sender Address whose tokens are being transferred.
       * @param balance Current balance for the interacting account.
       * @param needed Minimum amount required to perform a transfer.
       */
      error ERC20InsufficientBalance(address sender, uint256 balance, uint256 needed);
  
      /**
       * @dev Indicates a failure with the token `sender`. Used in transfers.
       * @param sender Address whose tokens are being transferred.
       */
      error ERC20InvalidSender(address sender);
  
      /**
       * @dev Indicates a failure with the token `receiver`. Used in transfers.
       * @param receiver Address to which tokens are being transferred.
       */
      error ERC20InvalidReceiver(address receiver);
  
      /**
       * @dev Indicates a failure with the `spender`’s `allowance`. Used in transfers.
       * @param spender Address that may be allowed to operate on tokens without being their owner.
       * @param allowance Amount of tokens a `spender` is allowed to operate with.
       * @param needed Minimum amount required to perform a transfer.
       */
      error ERC20InsufficientAllowance(address spender, uint256 allowance, uint256 needed);
  
      /**
       * @dev Indicates a failure with the `approver` of a token to be approved. Used in approvals.
       * @param approver Address initiating an approval operation.
       */
      error ERC20InvalidApprover(address approver);
  
      /**
       * @dev Indicates a failure with the `spender` to be approved. Used in approvals.
       * @param spender Address that may be allowed to operate on tokens without being their owner.
       */
      error ERC20InvalidSpender(address spender);
  }
  
  /**
   * @dev Standard ERC721 Errors
   * Interface of the https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-6093[ERC-6093] custom errors for ERC721 tokens.
   */
  interface IERC721Errors {
      /**
       * @dev Indicates that an address can't be an owner. For example, `address(0)` is a forbidden owner in EIP-20.
       * Used in balance queries.
       * @param owner Address of the current owner of a token.
       */
      error ERC721InvalidOwner(address owner);
  
      /**
       * @dev Indicates a `tokenId` whose `owner` is the zero address.
       * @param tokenId Identifier number of a token.
       */
      error ERC721NonexistentToken(uint256 tokenId);
  
      /**
       * @dev Indicates an error related to the ownership over a particular token. Used in transfers.
       * @param sender Address whose tokens are being transferred.
       * @param tokenId Identifier number of a token.
       * @param owner Address of the current owner of a token.
       */
      error ERC721IncorrectOwner(address sender, uint256 tokenId, address owner);
  
      /**
       * @dev Indicates a failure with the token `sender`. Used in transfers.
       * @param sender Address whose tokens are being transferred.
       */
      error ERC721InvalidSender(address sender);
  
      /**
       * @dev Indicates a failure with the token `receiver`. Used in transfers.
       * @param receiver Address to which tokens are being transferred.
       */
      error ERC721InvalidReceiver(address receiver);
  
      /**
       * @dev Indicates a failure with the `operator`’s approval. Used in transfers.
       * @param operator Address that may be allowed to operate on tokens without being their owner.
       * @param tokenId Identifier number of a token.
       */
      error ERC721InsufficientApproval(address operator, uint256 tokenId);
  
      /**
       * @dev Indicates a failure with the `approver` of a token to be approved. Used in approvals.
       * @param approver Address initiating an approval operation.
       */
      error ERC721InvalidApprover(address approver);
  
      /**
       * @dev Indicates a failure with the `operator` to be approved. Used in approvals.
       * @param operator Address that may be allowed to operate on tokens without being their owner.
       */
      error ERC721InvalidOperator(address operator);
  }
  
  /**
   * @dev Standard ERC1155 Errors
   * Interface of the https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-6093[ERC-6093] custom errors for ERC1155 tokens.
   */
  interface IERC1155Errors {
      /**
       * @dev Indicates an error related to the current `balance` of a `sender`. Used in transfers.
       * @param sender Address whose tokens are being transferred.
       * @param balance Current balance for the interacting account.
       * @param needed Minimum amount required to perform a transfer.
       * @param tokenId Identifier number of a token.
       */
      error ERC1155InsufficientBalance(address sender, uint256 balance, uint256 needed, uint256 tokenId);
  
      /**
       * @dev Indicates a failure with the token `sender`. Used in transfers.
       * @param sender Address whose tokens are being transferred.
       */
      error ERC1155InvalidSender(address sender);
  
      /**
       * @dev Indicates a failure with the token `receiver`. Used in transfers.
       * @param receiver Address to which tokens are being transferred.
       */
      error ERC1155InvalidReceiver(address receiver);
  
      /**
       * @dev Indicates a failure with the `operator`’s approval. Used in transfers.
       * @param operator Address that may be allowed to operate on tokens without being their owner.
       * @param owner Address of the current owner of a token.
       */
      error ERC1155MissingApprovalForAll(address operator, address owner);
  
      /**
       * @dev Indicates a failure with the `approver` of a token to be approved. Used in approvals.
       * @param approver Address initiating an approval operation.
       */
      error ERC1155InvalidApprover(address approver);
  
      /**
       * @dev Indicates a failure with the `operator` to be approved. Used in approvals.
       * @param operator Address that may be allowed to operate on tokens without being their owner.
       */
      error ERC1155InvalidOperator(address operator);
  
      /**
       * @dev Indicates an array length mismatch between ids and values in a safeBatchTransferFrom operation.
       * Used in batch transfers.
       * @param idsLength Length of the array of token identifiers
       * @param valuesLength Length of the array of token amounts
       */
      error ERC1155InvalidArrayLength(uint256 idsLength, uint256 valuesLength);
  }
  
  // File: @openzeppelin/contracts@5.0.2/utils/Context.sol
  
  
  // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.1) (utils/Context.sol)
  
  pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
  
  /**
   * @dev Provides information about the current execution context, including the
   * sender of the transaction and its data. While these are generally available
   * via msg.sender and msg.data, they should not be accessed in such a direct
   * manner, since when dealing with meta-transactions the account sending and
   * paying for execution may not be the actual sender (as far as an application
   * is concerned).
   *
   * This contract is only required for intermediate, library-like contracts.
   */
  abstract contract Context {
      function _msgSender() internal view virtual returns (address) {
          return msg.sender;
      }
  
      function _msgData() internal view virtual returns (bytes calldata) {
          return msg.data;
      }
  
      function _contextSuffixLength() internal view virtual returns (uint256) {
          return 0;
      }
  }
  
  // File: @openzeppelin/contracts@5.0.2/token/ERC20/IERC20.sol
  
  
  // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (token/ERC20/IERC20.sol)
  
  pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
  
  /**
   * @dev Interface of the ERC20 standard as defined in the EIP.
   */
  interface IERC20 {
      /**
       * @dev Emitted when `value` tokens are moved from one account (`from`) to
       * another (`to`).
       *
       * Note that `value` may be zero.
       */
      event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 value);
  
      /**
       * @dev Emitted when the allowance of a `spender` for an `owner` is set by
       * a call to {approve}. `value` is the new allowance.
       */
      event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed spender, uint256 value);
  
      /**
       * @dev Returns the value of tokens in existence.
       */
      function totalSupply() external view returns (uint256);
  
      /**
       * @dev Returns the value of tokens owned by `account`.
       */
      function balanceOf(address account) external view returns (uint256);
  
      /**
       * @dev Moves a `value` amount of tokens from the caller's account to `to`.
       *
       * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
       *
       * Emits a {Transfer} event.
       */
      function transfer(address to, uint256 value) external returns (bool);
  
      /**
       * @dev Returns the remaining number of tokens that `spender` will be
       * allowed to spend on behalf of `owner` through {transferFrom}. This is
       * zero by default.
       *
       * This value changes when {approve} or {transferFrom} are called.
       */
      function allowance(address owner, address spender) external view returns (uint256);
  
      /**
       * @dev Sets a `value` amount of tokens as the allowance of `spender` over the
       * caller's tokens.
       *
       * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
       *
       * IMPORTANT: Beware that changing an allowance with this method brings the risk
       * that someone may use both the old and the new allowance by unfortunate
       * transaction ordering. One possible solution to mitigate this race
       * condition is to first reduce the spender's allowance to 0 and set the
       * desired value afterwards:
       * https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/20#issuecomment-263524729
       *
       * Emits an {Approval} event.
       */
      function approve(address spender, uint256 value) external returns (bool);
  
      /**
       * @dev Moves a `value` amount of tokens from `from` to `to` using the
       * allowance mechanism. `value` is then deducted from the caller's
       * allowance.
       *
       * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
       *
       * Emits a {Transfer} event.
       */
      function transferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 value) external returns (bool);
  }
  
  // File: @openzeppelin/contracts@5.0.2/token/ERC20/extensions/IERC20Metadata.sol
  
  
  // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (token/ERC20/extensions/IERC20Metadata.sol)
  
  pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
  
  
  /**
   * @dev Interface for the optional metadata functions from the ERC20 standard.
   */
  interface IERC20Metadata is IERC20 {
      /**
       * @dev Returns the name of the token.
       */
      function name() external view returns (string memory);
  
      /**
       * @dev Returns the symbol of the token.
       */
      function symbol() external view returns (string memory);
  
      /**
       * @dev Returns the decimals places of the token.
       */
      function decimals() external view returns (uint8);
  }
  
  // File: @openzeppelin/contracts@5.0.2/token/ERC20/ERC20.sol
  
  
  // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (token/ERC20/ERC20.sol)
  
  pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
  
  
  
  
  
  /**
   * @dev Implementation of the {IERC20} interface.
   *
   * This implementation is agnostic to the way tokens are created. This means
   * that a supply mechanism has to be added in a derived contract using {_mint}.
   *
   * TIP: For a detailed writeup see our guide
   * https://forum.openzeppelin.com/t/how-to-implement-erc20-supply-mechanisms/226[How
   * to implement supply mechanisms].
   *
   * The default value of {decimals} is 18. To change this, you should override
   * this function so it returns a different value.
   *
   * We have followed general OpenZeppelin Contracts guidelines: functions revert
   * instead returning `false` on failure. This behavior is nonetheless
   * conventional and does not conflict with the expectations of ERC20
   * applications.
   *
   * Additionally, an {Approval} event is emitted on calls to {transferFrom}.
   * This allows applications to reconstruct the allowance for all accounts just
   * by listening to said events. Other implementations of the EIP may not emit
   * these events, as it isn't required by the specification.
   */
  abstract contract ERC20 is Context, IERC20, IERC20Metadata, IERC20Errors {
      mapping(address account => uint256) private _balances;
  
      mapping(address account => mapping(address spender => uint256)) private _allowances;
  
      uint256 private _totalSupply;
  
      string private _name;
      string private _symbol;
  
      /**
       * @dev Sets the values for {name} and {symbol}.
       *
       * All two of these values are immutable: they can only be set once during
       * construction.
       */
      constructor(string memory name_, string memory symbol_) {
          _name = name_;
          _symbol = symbol_;
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev Returns the name of the token.
       */
      function name() public view virtual returns (string memory) {
          return _name;
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev Returns the symbol of the token, usually a shorter version of the
       * name.
       */
      function symbol() public view virtual returns (string memory) {
          return _symbol;
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev Returns the number of decimals used to get its user representation.
       * For example, if `decimals` equals `2`, a balance of `505` tokens should
       * be displayed to a user as `5.05` (`505 / 10 ** 2`).
       *
       * Tokens usually opt for a value of 18, imitating the relationship between
       * Ether and Wei. This is the default value returned by this function, unless
       * it's overridden.
       *
       * NOTE: This information is only used for _display_ purposes: it in
       * no way affects any of the arithmetic of the contract, including
       * {IERC20-balanceOf} and {IERC20-transfer}.
       */
      function decimals() public view virtual returns (uint8) {
          return 18;
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev See {IERC20-totalSupply}.
       */
      function totalSupply() public view virtual returns (uint256) {
          return _totalSupply;
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev See {IERC20-balanceOf}.
       */
      function balanceOf(address account) public view virtual returns (uint256) {
          return _balances[account];
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev See {IERC20-transfer}.
       *
       * Requirements:
       *
       * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
       * - the caller must have a balance of at least `value`.
       */
      function transfer(address to, uint256 value) public virtual returns (bool) {
          address owner = _msgSender();
          _transfer(owner, to, value);
          return true;
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev See {IERC20-allowance}.
       */
      function allowance(address owner, address spender) public view virtual returns (uint256) {
          return _allowances[owner][spender];
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev See {IERC20-approve}.
       *
       * NOTE: If `value` is the maximum `uint256`, the allowance is not updated on
       * `transferFrom`. This is semantically equivalent to an infinite approval.
       *
       * Requirements:
       *
       * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
       */
      function approve(address spender, uint256 value) public virtual returns (bool) {
          address owner = _msgSender();
          _approve(owner, spender, value);
          return true;
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev See {IERC20-transferFrom}.
       *
       * Emits an {Approval} event indicating the updated allowance. This is not
       * required by the EIP. See the note at the beginning of {ERC20}.
       *
       * NOTE: Does not update the allowance if the current allowance
       * is the maximum `uint256`.
       *
       * Requirements:
       *
       * - `from` and `to` cannot be the zero address.
       * - `from` must have a balance of at least `value`.
       * - the caller must have allowance for ``from``'s tokens of at least
       * `value`.
       */
      function transferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 value) public virtual returns (bool) {
          address spender = _msgSender();
          _spendAllowance(from, spender, value);
          _transfer(from, to, value);
          return true;
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev Moves a `value` amount of tokens from `from` to `to`.
       *
       * This internal function is equivalent to {transfer}, and can be used to
       * e.g. implement automatic token fees, slashing mechanisms, etc.
       *
       * Emits a {Transfer} event.
       *
       * NOTE: This function is not virtual, {_update} should be overridden instead.
       */
      function _transfer(address from, address to, uint256 value) internal {
          if (from == address(0)) {
              revert ERC20InvalidSender(address(0));
          }
          if (to == address(0)) {
              revert ERC20InvalidReceiver(address(0));
          }
          _update(from, to, value);
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev Transfers a `value` amount of tokens from `from` to `to`, or alternatively mints (or burns) if `from`
       * (or `to`) is the zero address. All customizations to transfers, mints, and burns should be done by overriding
       * this function.
       *
       * Emits a {Transfer} event.
       */
      function _update(address from, address to, uint256 value) internal virtual {
          if (from == address(0)) {
              // Overflow check required: The rest of the code assumes that totalSupply never overflows
              _totalSupply += value;
          } else {
              uint256 fromBalance = _balances[from];
              if (fromBalance < value) {
                  revert ERC20InsufficientBalance(from, fromBalance, value);
              }
              unchecked {
                  // Overflow not possible: value <= fromBalance <= totalSupply.
                  _balances[from] = fromBalance - value;
              }
          }
  
          if (to == address(0)) {
              unchecked {
                  // Overflow not possible: value <= totalSupply or value <= fromBalance <= totalSupply.
                  _totalSupply -= value;
              }
          } else {
              unchecked {
                  // Overflow not possible: balance + value is at most totalSupply, which we know fits into a uint256.
                  _balances[to] += value;
              }
          }
  
          emit Transfer(from, to, value);
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev Creates a `value` amount of tokens and assigns them to `account`, by transferring it from address(0).
       * Relies on the `_update` mechanism
       *
       * Emits a {Transfer} event with `from` set to the zero address.
       *
       * NOTE: This function is not virtual, {_update} should be overridden instead.
       */
      function _mint(address account, uint256 value) internal {
          if (account == address(0)) {
              revert ERC20InvalidReceiver(address(0));
          }
          _update(address(0), account, value);
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev Destroys a `value` amount of tokens from `account`, lowering the total supply.
       * Relies on the `_update` mechanism.
       *
       * Emits a {Transfer} event with `to` set to the zero address.
       *
       * NOTE: This function is not virtual, {_update} should be overridden instead
       */
      function _burn(address account, uint256 value) internal {
          if (account == address(0)) {
              revert ERC20InvalidSender(address(0));
          }
          _update(account, address(0), value);
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev Sets `value` as the allowance of `spender` over the `owner` s tokens.
       *
       * This internal function is equivalent to `approve`, and can be used to
       * e.g. set automatic allowances for certain subsystems, etc.
       *
       * Emits an {Approval} event.
       *
       * Requirements:
       *
       * - `owner` cannot be the zero address.
       * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
       *
       * Overrides to this logic should be done to the variant with an additional `bool emitEvent` argument.
       */
      function _approve(address owner, address spender, uint256 value) internal {
          _approve(owner, spender, value, true);
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev Variant of {_approve} with an optional flag to enable or disable the {Approval} event.
       *
       * By default (when calling {_approve}) the flag is set to true. On the other hand, approval changes made by
       * `_spendAllowance` during the `transferFrom` operation set the flag to false. This saves gas by not emitting any
       * `Approval` event during `transferFrom` operations.
       *
       * Anyone who wishes to continue emitting `Approval` events on the`transferFrom` operation can force the flag to
       * true using the following override:
       * ```
       * function _approve(address owner, address spender, uint256 value, bool) internal virtual override {
       *     super._approve(owner, spender, value, true);
       * }
       * ```
       *
       * Requirements are the same as {_approve}.
       */
      function _approve(address owner, address spender, uint256 value, bool emitEvent) internal virtual {
          if (owner == address(0)) {
              revert ERC20InvalidApprover(address(0));
          }
          if (spender == address(0)) {
              revert ERC20InvalidSpender(address(0));
          }
          _allowances[owner][spender] = value;
          if (emitEvent) {
              emit Approval(owner, spender, value);
          }
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev Updates `owner` s allowance for `spender` based on spent `value`.
       *
       * Does not update the allowance value in case of infinite allowance.
       * Revert if not enough allowance is available.
       *
       * Does not emit an {Approval} event.
       */
      function _spendAllowance(address owner, address spender, uint256 value) internal virtual {
          uint256 currentAllowance = allowance(owner, spender);
          if (currentAllowance != type(uint256).max) {
              if (currentAllowance < value) {
                  revert ERC20InsufficientAllowance(spender, currentAllowance, value);
              }
              unchecked {
                  _approve(owner, spender, currentAllowance - value, false);
              }
          }
      }
  }
  
  // File: @openzeppelin/contracts@5.0.2/token/ERC20/extensions/ERC20Permit.sol
  
  
  // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (token/ERC20/extensions/ERC20Permit.sol)
  
  pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
  
  
  
  
  
  
  /**
   * @dev Implementation of the ERC20 Permit extension allowing approvals to be made via signatures, as defined in
   * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2612[EIP-2612].
   *
   * Adds the {permit} method, which can be used to change an account's ERC20 allowance (see {IERC20-allowance}) by
   * presenting a message signed by the account. By not relying on `{IERC20-approve}`, the token holder account doesn't
   * need to send a transaction, and thus is not required to hold Ether at all.
   */
  abstract contract ERC20Permit is ERC20, IERC20Permit, EIP712, Nonces {
      bytes32 private constant PERMIT_TYPEHASH =
          keccak256("Permit(address owner,address spender,uint256 value,uint256 nonce,uint256 deadline)");
  
      /**
       * @dev Permit deadline has expired.
       */
      error ERC2612ExpiredSignature(uint256 deadline);
  
      /**
       * @dev Mismatched signature.
       */
      error ERC2612InvalidSigner(address signer, address owner);
  
      /**
       * @dev Initializes the {EIP712} domain separator using the `name` parameter, and setting `version` to `"1"`.
       *
       * It's a good idea to use the same `name` that is defined as the ERC20 token name.
       */
      constructor(string memory name) EIP712(name, "1") {}
  
      /**
       * @inheritdoc IERC20Permit
       */
      function permit(
          address owner,
          address spender,
          uint256 value,
          uint256 deadline,
          uint8 v,
          bytes32 r,
          bytes32 s
      ) public virtual {
          if (block.timestamp > deadline) {
              revert ERC2612ExpiredSignature(deadline);
          }
  
          bytes32 structHash = keccak256(abi.encode(PERMIT_TYPEHASH, owner, spender, value, _useNonce(owner), deadline));
  
          bytes32 hash = _hashTypedDataV4(structHash);
  
          address signer = ECDSA.recover(hash, v, r, s);
          if (signer != owner) {
              revert ERC2612InvalidSigner(signer, owner);
          }
  
          _approve(owner, spender, value);
      }
  
      /**
       * @inheritdoc IERC20Permit
       */
      function nonces(address owner) public view virtual override(IERC20Permit, Nonces) returns (uint256) {
          return super.nonces(owner);
      }
  
      /**
       * @inheritdoc IERC20Permit
       */
      // solhint-disable-next-line func-name-mixedcase
      function DOMAIN_SEPARATOR() external view virtual returns (bytes32) {
          return _domainSeparatorV4();
      }
  }
  
  // File: contract-26164cdfe9.sol
  
  
  // Compatible with OpenZeppelin Contracts ^5.0.0
  pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
  
  
  
  contract Wolt is ERC20, ERC20Permit {
      constructor() ERC20("Wolt", "WOLT") ERC20Permit("Wolt") {
          _mint(msg.sender, 420690000000000 * 10 ** decimals());
      }
  }