creation_sourcecode: // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  // File: @openzeppelin/contracts/security/ReentrancyGuard.sol
  
  
  // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (security/ReentrancyGuard.sol)
  
  pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
  
  /**
   * @dev Contract module that helps prevent reentrant calls to a function.
   *
   * Inheriting from `ReentrancyGuard` will make the {nonReentrant} modifier
   * available, which can be applied to functions to make sure there are no nested
   * (reentrant) calls to them.
   *
   * Note that because there is a single `nonReentrant` guard, functions marked as
   * `nonReentrant` may not call one another. This can be worked around by making
   * those functions `private`, and then adding `external` `nonReentrant` entry
   * points to them.
   *
   * TIP: If you would like to learn more about reentrancy and alternative ways
   * to protect against it, check out our blog post
   * https://blog.openzeppelin.com/reentrancy-after-istanbul/[Reentrancy After Istanbul].
   */
  abstract contract ReentrancyGuard {
      // Booleans are more expensive than uint256 or any type that takes up a full
      // word because each write operation emits an extra SLOAD to first read the
      // slot's contents, replace the bits taken up by the boolean, and then write
      // back. This is the compiler's defense against contract upgrades and
      // pointer aliasing, and it cannot be disabled.
  
      // The values being non-zero value makes deployment a bit more expensive,
      // but in exchange the refund on every call to nonReentrant will be lower in
      // amount. Since refunds are capped to a percentage of the total
      // transaction's gas, it is best to keep them low in cases like this one, to
      // increase the likelihood of the full refund coming into effect.
      uint256 private constant _NOT_ENTERED = 1;
      uint256 private constant _ENTERED = 2;
  
      uint256 private _status;
  
      constructor() {
          _status = _NOT_ENTERED;
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev Prevents a contract from calling itself, directly or indirectly.
       * Calling a `nonReentrant` function from another `nonReentrant`
       * function is not supported. It is possible to prevent this from happening
       * by making the `nonReentrant` function external, and making it call a
       * `private` function that does the actual work.
       */
      modifier nonReentrant() {
          _nonReentrantBefore();
          _;
          _nonReentrantAfter();
      }
  
      function _nonReentrantBefore() private {
          // On the first call to nonReentrant, _status will be _NOT_ENTERED
          require(_status != _ENTERED, "ReentrancyGuard: reentrant call");
  
          // Any calls to nonReentrant after this point will fail
          _status = _ENTERED;
      }
  
      function _nonReentrantAfter() private {
          // By storing the original value once again, a refund is triggered (see
          // https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2200)
          _status = _NOT_ENTERED;
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev Returns true if the reentrancy guard is currently set to "entered", which indicates there is a
       * `nonReentrant` function in the call stack.
       */
      function _reentrancyGuardEntered() internal view returns (bool) {
          return _status == _ENTERED;
      }
  }
  
  // File: @openzeppelin/contracts/interfaces/draft-IERC6093.sol
  
  
  // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (interfaces/draft-IERC6093.sol)
  pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
  
  /**
   * @dev Standard ERC20 Errors
   * Interface of the https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-6093[ERC-6093] custom errors for ERC20 tokens.
   */
  interface IERC20Errors {
      /**
       * @dev Indicates an error related to the current `balance` of a `sender`. Used in transfers.
       * @param sender Address whose tokens are being transferred.
       * @param balance Current balance for the interacting account.
       * @param needed Minimum amount required to perform a transfer.
       */
      error ERC20InsufficientBalance(address sender, uint256 balance, uint256 needed);
  
      /**
       * @dev Indicates a failure with the token `sender`. Used in transfers.
       * @param sender Address whose tokens are being transferred.
       */
      error ERC20InvalidSender(address sender);
  
      /**
       * @dev Indicates a failure with the token `receiver`. Used in transfers.
       * @param receiver Address to which tokens are being transferred.
       */
      error ERC20InvalidReceiver(address receiver);
  
      /**
       * @dev Indicates a failure with the `spender`’s `allowance`. Used in transfers.
       * @param spender Address that may be allowed to operate on tokens without being their owner.
       * @param allowance Amount of tokens a `spender` is allowed to operate with.
       * @param needed Minimum amount required to perform a transfer.
       */
      error ERC20InsufficientAllowance(address spender, uint256 allowance, uint256 needed);
  
      /**
       * @dev Indicates a failure with the `approver` of a token to be approved. Used in approvals.
       * @param approver Address initiating an approval operation.
       */
      error ERC20InvalidApprover(address approver);
  
      /**
       * @dev Indicates a failure with the `spender` to be approved. Used in approvals.
       * @param spender Address that may be allowed to operate on tokens without being their owner.
       */
      error ERC20InvalidSpender(address spender);
  }
  
  /**
   * @dev Standard ERC721 Errors
   * Interface of the https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-6093[ERC-6093] custom errors for ERC721 tokens.
   */
  interface IERC721Errors {
      /**
       * @dev Indicates that an address can't be an owner. For example, `address(0)` is a forbidden owner in EIP-20.
       * Used in balance queries.
       * @param owner Address of the current owner of a token.
       */
      error ERC721InvalidOwner(address owner);
  
      /**
       * @dev Indicates a `tokenId` whose `owner` is the zero address.
       * @param tokenId Identifier number of a token.
       */
      error ERC721NonexistentToken(uint256 tokenId);
  
      /**
       * @dev Indicates an error related to the ownership over a particular token. Used in transfers.
       * @param sender Address whose tokens are being transferred.
       * @param tokenId Identifier number of a token.
       * @param owner Address of the current owner of a token.
       */
      error ERC721IncorrectOwner(address sender, uint256 tokenId, address owner);
  
      /**
       * @dev Indicates a failure with the token `sender`. Used in transfers.
       * @param sender Address whose tokens are being transferred.
       */
      error ERC721InvalidSender(address sender);
  
      /**
       * @dev Indicates a failure with the token `receiver`. Used in transfers.
       * @param receiver Address to which tokens are being transferred.
       */
      error ERC721InvalidReceiver(address receiver);
  
      /**
       * @dev Indicates a failure with the `operator`’s approval. Used in transfers.
       * @param operator Address that may be allowed to operate on tokens without being their owner.
       * @param tokenId Identifier number of a token.
       */
      error ERC721InsufficientApproval(address operator, uint256 tokenId);
  
      /**
       * @dev Indicates a failure with the `approver` of a token to be approved. Used in approvals.
       * @param approver Address initiating an approval operation.
       */
      error ERC721InvalidApprover(address approver);
  
      /**
       * @dev Indicates a failure with the `operator` to be approved. Used in approvals.
       * @param operator Address that may be allowed to operate on tokens without being their owner.
       */
      error ERC721InvalidOperator(address operator);
  }
  
  /**
   * @dev Standard ERC1155 Errors
   * Interface of the https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-6093[ERC-6093] custom errors for ERC1155 tokens.
   */
  interface IERC1155Errors {
      /**
       * @dev Indicates an error related to the current `balance` of a `sender`. Used in transfers.
       * @param sender Address whose tokens are being transferred.
       * @param balance Current balance for the interacting account.
       * @param needed Minimum amount required to perform a transfer.
       * @param tokenId Identifier number of a token.
       */
      error ERC1155InsufficientBalance(address sender, uint256 balance, uint256 needed, uint256 tokenId);
  
      /**
       * @dev Indicates a failure with the token `sender`. Used in transfers.
       * @param sender Address whose tokens are being transferred.
       */
      error ERC1155InvalidSender(address sender);
  
      /**
       * @dev Indicates a failure with the token `receiver`. Used in transfers.
       * @param receiver Address to which tokens are being transferred.
       */
      error ERC1155InvalidReceiver(address receiver);
  
      /**
       * @dev Indicates a failure with the `operator`’s approval. Used in transfers.
       * @param operator Address that may be allowed to operate on tokens without being their owner.
       * @param owner Address of the current owner of a token.
       */
      error ERC1155MissingApprovalForAll(address operator, address owner);
  
      /**
       * @dev Indicates a failure with the `approver` of a token to be approved. Used in approvals.
       * @param approver Address initiating an approval operation.
       */
      error ERC1155InvalidApprover(address approver);
  
      /**
       * @dev Indicates a failure with the `operator` to be approved. Used in approvals.
       * @param operator Address that may be allowed to operate on tokens without being their owner.
       */
      error ERC1155InvalidOperator(address operator);
  
      /**
       * @dev Indicates an array length mismatch between ids and values in a safeBatchTransferFrom operation.
       * Used in batch transfers.
       * @param idsLength Length of the array of token identifiers
       * @param valuesLength Length of the array of token amounts
       */
      error ERC1155InvalidArrayLength(uint256 idsLength, uint256 valuesLength);
  }
  
  // File: @openzeppelin/contracts/utils/math/SignedMath.sol
  
  
  // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (utils/math/SignedMath.sol)
  
  pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
  
  /**
   * @dev Standard signed math utilities missing in the Solidity language.
   */
  library SignedMath {
      /**
       * @dev Returns the largest of two signed numbers.
       */
      function max(int256 a, int256 b) internal pure returns (int256) {
          return a > b ? a : b;
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev Returns the smallest of two signed numbers.
       */
      function min(int256 a, int256 b) internal pure returns (int256) {
          return a < b ? a : b;
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev Returns the average of two signed numbers without overflow.
       * The result is rounded towards zero.
       */
      function average(int256 a, int256 b) internal pure returns (int256) {
          // Formula from the book "Hacker's Delight"
          int256 x = (a & b) + ((a ^ b) >> 1);
          return x + (int256(uint256(x) >> 255) & (a ^ b));
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev Returns the absolute unsigned value of a signed value.
       */
      function abs(int256 n) internal pure returns (uint256) {
          unchecked {
              // must be unchecked in order to support `n = type(int256).min`
              return uint256(n >= 0 ? n : -n);
          }
      }
  }
  
  // File: @openzeppelin/contracts/utils/math/Math.sol
  
  
  // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (utils/math/Math.sol)
  
  pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
  
  /**
   * @dev Standard math utilities missing in the Solidity language.
   */
  library Math {
      /**
       * @dev Muldiv operation overflow.
       */
      error MathOverflowedMulDiv();
  
      enum Rounding {
          Floor, // Toward negative infinity
          Ceil, // Toward positive infinity
          Trunc, // Toward zero
          Expand // Away from zero
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev Returns the addition of two unsigned integers, with an overflow flag.
       */
      function tryAdd(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (bool, uint256) {
          unchecked {
              uint256 c = a + b;
              if (c < a) return (false, 0);
              return (true, c);
          }
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev Returns the subtraction of two unsigned integers, with an overflow flag.
       */
      function trySub(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (bool, uint256) {
          unchecked {
              if (b > a) return (false, 0);
              return (true, a - b);
          }
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev Returns the multiplication of two unsigned integers, with an overflow flag.
       */
      function tryMul(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (bool, uint256) {
          unchecked {
              // Gas optimization: this is cheaper than requiring 'a' not being zero, but the
              // benefit is lost if 'b' is also tested.
              // See: https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/pull/522
              if (a == 0) return (true, 0);
              uint256 c = a * b;
              if (c / a != b) return (false, 0);
              return (true, c);
          }
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev Returns the division of two unsigned integers, with a division by zero flag.
       */
      function tryDiv(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (bool, uint256) {
          unchecked {
              if (b == 0) return (false, 0);
              return (true, a / b);
          }
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev Returns the remainder of dividing two unsigned integers, with a division by zero flag.
       */
      function tryMod(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (bool, uint256) {
          unchecked {
              if (b == 0) return (false, 0);
              return (true, a % b);
          }
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev Returns the largest of two numbers.
       */
      function max(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
          return a > b ? a : b;
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev Returns the smallest of two numbers.
       */
      function min(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
          return a < b ? a : b;
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev Returns the average of two numbers. The result is rounded towards
       * zero.
       */
      function average(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
          // (a + b) / 2 can overflow.
          return (a & b) + (a ^ b) / 2;
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev Returns the ceiling of the division of two numbers.
       *
       * This differs from standard division with `/` in that it rounds towards infinity instead
       * of rounding towards zero.
       */
      function ceilDiv(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
          if (b == 0) {
              // Guarantee the same behavior as in a regular Solidity division.
              return a / b;
          }
  
          // (a + b - 1) / b can overflow on addition, so we distribute.
          return a == 0 ? 0 : (a - 1) / b + 1;
      }
  
      /**
       * @notice Calculates floor(x * y / denominator) with full precision. Throws if result overflows a uint256 or
       * denominator == 0.
       * @dev Original credit to Remco Bloemen under MIT license (https://xn--2-umb.com/21/muldiv) with further edits by
       * Uniswap Labs also under MIT license.
       */
      function mulDiv(uint256 x, uint256 y, uint256 denominator) internal pure returns (uint256 result) {
          unchecked {
              // 512-bit multiply [prod1 prod0] = x * y. Compute the product mod 2^256 and mod 2^256 - 1, then use
              // use the Chinese Remainder Theorem to reconstruct the 512 bit result. The result is stored in two 256
              // variables such that product = prod1 * 2^256 + prod0.
              uint256 prod0 = x * y; // Least significant 256 bits of the product
              uint256 prod1; // Most significant 256 bits of the product
              assembly {
                  let mm := mulmod(x, y, not(0))
                  prod1 := sub(sub(mm, prod0), lt(mm, prod0))
              }
  
              // Handle non-overflow cases, 256 by 256 division.
              if (prod1 == 0) {
                  // Solidity will revert if denominator == 0, unlike the div opcode on its own.
                  // The surrounding unchecked block does not change this fact.
                  // See https://docs.soliditylang.org/en/latest/control-structures.html#checked-or-unchecked-arithmetic.
                  return prod0 / denominator;
              }
  
              // Make sure the result is less than 2^256. Also prevents denominator == 0.
              if (denominator <= prod1) {
                  revert MathOverflowedMulDiv();
              }
  
              ///////////////////////////////////////////////
              // 512 by 256 division.
              ///////////////////////////////////////////////
  
              // Make division exact by subtracting the remainder from [prod1 prod0].
              uint256 remainder;
              assembly {
                  // Compute remainder using mulmod.
                  remainder := mulmod(x, y, denominator)
  
                  // Subtract 256 bit number from 512 bit number.
                  prod1 := sub(prod1, gt(remainder, prod0))
                  prod0 := sub(prod0, remainder)
              }
  
              // Factor powers of two out of denominator and compute largest power of two divisor of denominator.
              // Always >= 1. See https://cs.stackexchange.com/q/138556/92363.
  
              uint256 twos = denominator & (0 - denominator);
              assembly {
                  // Divide denominator by twos.
                  denominator := div(denominator, twos)
  
                  // Divide [prod1 prod0] by twos.
                  prod0 := div(prod0, twos)
  
                  // Flip twos such that it is 2^256 / twos. If twos is zero, then it becomes one.
                  twos := add(div(sub(0, twos), twos), 1)
              }
  
              // Shift in bits from prod1 into prod0.
              prod0 |= prod1 * twos;
  
              // Invert denominator mod 2^256. Now that denominator is an odd number, it has an inverse modulo 2^256 such
              // that denominator * inv = 1 mod 2^256. Compute the inverse by starting with a seed that is correct for
              // four bits. That is, denominator * inv = 1 mod 2^4.
              uint256 inverse = (3 * denominator) ^ 2;
  
              // Use the Newton-Raphson iteration to improve the precision. Thanks to Hensel's lifting lemma, this also
              // works in modular arithmetic, doubling the correct bits in each step.
              inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^8
              inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^16
              inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^32
              inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^64
              inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^128
              inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^256
  
              // Because the division is now exact we can divide by multiplying with the modular inverse of denominator.
              // This will give us the correct result modulo 2^256. Since the preconditions guarantee that the outcome is
              // less than 2^256, this is the final result. We don't need to compute the high bits of the result and prod1
              // is no longer required.
              result = prod0 * inverse;
              return result;
          }
      }
  
      /**
       * @notice Calculates x * y / denominator with full precision, following the selected rounding direction.
       */
      function mulDiv(uint256 x, uint256 y, uint256 denominator, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
          uint256 result = mulDiv(x, y, denominator);
          if (unsignedRoundsUp(rounding) && mulmod(x, y, denominator) > 0) {
              result += 1;
          }
          return result;
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev Returns the square root of a number. If the number is not a perfect square, the value is rounded
       * towards zero.
       *
       * Inspired by Henry S. Warren, Jr.'s "Hacker's Delight" (Chapter 11).
       */
      function sqrt(uint256 a) internal pure returns (uint256) {
          if (a == 0) {
              return 0;
          }
  
          // For our first guess, we get the biggest power of 2 which is smaller than the square root of the target.
          //
          // We know that the "msb" (most significant bit) of our target number `a` is a power of 2 such that we have
          // `msb(a) <= a < 2*msb(a)`. This value can be written `msb(a)=2**k` with `k=log2(a)`.
          //
          // This can be rewritten `2**log2(a) <= a < 2**(log2(a) + 1)`
          // → `sqrt(2**k) <= sqrt(a) < sqrt(2**(k+1))`
          // → `2**(k/2) <= sqrt(a) < 2**((k+1)/2) <= 2**(k/2 + 1)`
          //
          // Consequently, `2**(log2(a) / 2)` is a good first approximation of `sqrt(a)` with at least 1 correct bit.
          uint256 result = 1 << (log2(a) >> 1);
  
          // At this point `result` is an estimation with one bit of precision. We know the true value is a uint128,
          // since it is the square root of a uint256. Newton's method converges quadratically (precision doubles at
          // every iteration). We thus need at most 7 iteration to turn our partial result with one bit of precision
          // into the expected uint128 result.
          unchecked {
              result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
              result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
              result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
              result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
              result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
              result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
              result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
              return min(result, a / result);
          }
      }
  
      /**
       * @notice Calculates sqrt(a), following the selected rounding direction.
       */
      function sqrt(uint256 a, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
          unchecked {
              uint256 result = sqrt(a);
              return result + (unsignedRoundsUp(rounding) && result * result < a ? 1 : 0);
          }
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev Return the log in base 2 of a positive value rounded towards zero.
       * Returns 0 if given 0.
       */
      function log2(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint256) {
          uint256 result = 0;
          unchecked {
              if (value >> 128 > 0) {
                  value >>= 128;
                  result += 128;
              }
              if (value >> 64 > 0) {
                  value >>= 64;
                  result += 64;
              }
              if (value >> 32 > 0) {
                  value >>= 32;
                  result += 32;
              }
              if (value >> 16 > 0) {
                  value >>= 16;
                  result += 16;
              }
              if (value >> 8 > 0) {
                  value >>= 8;
                  result += 8;
              }
              if (value >> 4 > 0) {
                  value >>= 4;
                  result += 4;
              }
              if (value >> 2 > 0) {
                  value >>= 2;
                  result += 2;
              }
              if (value >> 1 > 0) {
                  result += 1;
              }
          }
          return result;
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev Return the log in base 2, following the selected rounding direction, of a positive value.
       * Returns 0 if given 0.
       */
      function log2(uint256 value, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
          unchecked {
              uint256 result = log2(value);
              return result + (unsignedRoundsUp(rounding) && 1 << result < value ? 1 : 0);
          }
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev Return the log in base 10 of a positive value rounded towards zero.
       * Returns 0 if given 0.
       */
      function log10(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint256) {
          uint256 result = 0;
          unchecked {
              if (value >= 10 ** 64) {
                  value /= 10 ** 64;
                  result += 64;
              }
              if (value >= 10 ** 32) {
                  value /= 10 ** 32;
                  result += 32;
              }
              if (value >= 10 ** 16) {
                  value /= 10 ** 16;
                  result += 16;
              }
              if (value >= 10 ** 8) {
                  value /= 10 ** 8;
                  result += 8;
              }
              if (value >= 10 ** 4) {
                  value /= 10 ** 4;
                  result += 4;
              }
              if (value >= 10 ** 2) {
                  value /= 10 ** 2;
                  result += 2;
              }
              if (value >= 10 ** 1) {
                  result += 1;
              }
          }
          return result;
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev Return the log in base 10, following the selected rounding direction, of a positive value.
       * Returns 0 if given 0.
       */
      function log10(uint256 value, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
          unchecked {
              uint256 result = log10(value);
              return result + (unsignedRoundsUp(rounding) && 10 ** result < value ? 1 : 0);
          }
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev Return the log in base 256 of a positive value rounded towards zero.
       * Returns 0 if given 0.
       *
       * Adding one to the result gives the number of pairs of hex symbols needed to represent `value` as a hex string.
       */
      function log256(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint256) {
          uint256 result = 0;
          unchecked {
              if (value >> 128 > 0) {
                  value >>= 128;
                  result += 16;
              }
              if (value >> 64 > 0) {
                  value >>= 64;
                  result += 8;
              }
              if (value >> 32 > 0) {
                  value >>= 32;
                  result += 4;
              }
              if (value >> 16 > 0) {
                  value >>= 16;
                  result += 2;
              }
              if (value >> 8 > 0) {
                  result += 1;
              }
          }
          return result;
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev Return the log in base 256, following the selected rounding direction, of a positive value.
       * Returns 0 if given 0.
       */
      function log256(uint256 value, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
          unchecked {
              uint256 result = log256(value);
              return result + (unsignedRoundsUp(rounding) && 1 << (result << 3) < value ? 1 : 0);
          }
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev Returns whether a provided rounding mode is considered rounding up for unsigned integers.
       */
      function unsignedRoundsUp(Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (bool) {
          return uint8(rounding) % 2 == 1;
      }
  }
  
  // File: @openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Strings.sol
  
  
  // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (utils/Strings.sol)
  
  pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
  
  
  
  /**
   * @dev String operations.
   */
  library Strings {
      bytes16 private constant HEX_DIGITS = "0123456789abcdef";
      uint8 private constant ADDRESS_LENGTH = 20;
  
      /**
       * @dev The `value` string doesn't fit in the specified `length`.
       */
      error StringsInsufficientHexLength(uint256 value, uint256 length);
  
      /**
       * @dev Converts a `uint256` to its ASCII `string` decimal representation.
       */
      function toString(uint256 value) internal pure returns (string memory) {
          unchecked {
              uint256 length = Math.log10(value) + 1;
              string memory buffer = new string(length);
              uint256 ptr;
              /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
              assembly {
                  ptr := add(buffer, add(32, length))
              }
              while (true) {
                  ptr--;
                  /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                  assembly {
                      mstore8(ptr, byte(mod(value, 10), HEX_DIGITS))
                  }
                  value /= 10;
                  if (value == 0) break;
              }
              return buffer;
          }
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev Converts a `int256` to its ASCII `string` decimal representation.
       */
      function toStringSigned(int256 value) internal pure returns (string memory) {
          return string.concat(value < 0 ? "-" : "", toString(SignedMath.abs(value)));
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev Converts a `uint256` to its ASCII `string` hexadecimal representation.
       */
      function toHexString(uint256 value) internal pure returns (string memory) {
          unchecked {
              return toHexString(value, Math.log256(value) + 1);
          }
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev Converts a `uint256` to its ASCII `string` hexadecimal representation with fixed length.
       */
      function toHexString(uint256 value, uint256 length) internal pure returns (string memory) {
          uint256 localValue = value;
          bytes memory buffer = new bytes(2 * length + 2);
          buffer[0] = "0";
          buffer[1] = "x";
          for (uint256 i = 2 * length + 1; i > 1; --i) {
              buffer[i] = HEX_DIGITS[localValue & 0xf];
              localValue >>= 4;
          }
          if (localValue != 0) {
              revert StringsInsufficientHexLength(value, length);
          }
          return string(buffer);
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev Converts an `address` with fixed length of 20 bytes to its not checksummed ASCII `string` hexadecimal
       * representation.
       */
      function toHexString(address addr) internal pure returns (string memory) {
          return toHexString(uint256(uint160(addr)), ADDRESS_LENGTH);
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev Returns true if the two strings are equal.
       */
      function equal(string memory a, string memory b) internal pure returns (bool) {
          return bytes(a).length == bytes(b).length && keccak256(bytes(a)) == keccak256(bytes(b));
      }
  }
  
  // File: @openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Context.sol
  
  
  // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.1) (utils/Context.sol)
  
  pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
  
  /**
   * @dev Provides information about the current execution context, including the
   * sender of the transaction and its data. While these are generally available
   * via msg.sender and msg.data, they should not be accessed in such a direct
   * manner, since when dealing with meta-transactions the account sending and
   * paying for execution may not be the actual sender (as far as an application
   * is concerned).
   *
   * This contract is only required for intermediate, library-like contracts.
   */
  abstract contract Context {
      function _msgSender() internal view virtual returns (address) {
          return msg.sender;
      }
  
      function _msgData() internal view virtual returns (bytes calldata) {
          return msg.data;
      }
  
      function _contextSuffixLength() internal view virtual returns (uint256) {
          return 0;
      }
  }
  
  // File: @openzeppelin/contracts/access/Ownable.sol
  
  
  // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (access/Ownable.sol)
  
  pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
  
  
  /**
   * @dev Contract module which provides a basic access control mechanism, where
   * there is an account (an owner) that can be granted exclusive access to
   * specific functions.
   *
   * The initial owner is set to the address provided by the deployer. This can
   * later be changed with {transferOwnership}.
   *
   * This module is used through inheritance. It will make available the modifier
   * `onlyOwner`, which can be applied to your functions to restrict their use to
   * the owner.
   */
  abstract contract Ownable is Context {
      address private _owner;
  
      /**
       * @dev The caller account is not authorized to perform an operation.
       */
      error OwnableUnauthorizedAccount(address account);
  
      /**
       * @dev The owner is not a valid owner account. (eg. `address(0)`)
       */
      error OwnableInvalidOwner(address owner);
  
      event OwnershipTransferred(address indexed previousOwner, address indexed newOwner);
  
      /**
       * @dev Initializes the contract setting the address provided by the deployer as the initial owner.
       */
      constructor(address initialOwner) {
          if (initialOwner == address(0)) {
              revert OwnableInvalidOwner(address(0));
          }
          _transferOwnership(initialOwner);
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev Throws if called by any account other than the owner.
       */
      modifier onlyOwner() {
          _checkOwner();
          _;
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev Returns the address of the current owner.
       */
      function owner() public view virtual returns (address) {
          return _owner;
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev Throws if the sender is not the owner.
       */
      function _checkOwner() internal view virtual {
          if (owner() != _msgSender()) {
              revert OwnableUnauthorizedAccount(_msgSender());
          }
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev Leaves the contract without owner. It will not be possible to call
       * `onlyOwner` functions. Can only be called by the current owner.
       *
       * NOTE: Renouncing ownership will leave the contract without an owner,
       * thereby disabling any functionality that is only available to the owner.
       */
      function renounceOwnership() public virtual onlyOwner {
          _transferOwnership(address(0));
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
       * Can only be called by the current owner.
       */
      function transferOwnership(address newOwner) public virtual onlyOwner {
          if (newOwner == address(0)) {
              revert OwnableInvalidOwner(address(0));
          }
          _transferOwnership(newOwner);
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
       * Internal function without access restriction.
       */
      function _transferOwnership(address newOwner) internal virtual {
          address oldOwner = _owner;
          _owner = newOwner;
          emit OwnershipTransferred(oldOwner, newOwner);
      }
  }
  
  // File: @openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/IERC721Receiver.sol
  
  
  // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (token/ERC721/IERC721Receiver.sol)
  
  pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
  
  /**
   * @title ERC721 token receiver interface
   * @dev Interface for any contract that wants to support safeTransfers
   * from ERC721 asset contracts.
   */
  interface IERC721Receiver {
      /**
       * @dev Whenever an {IERC721} `tokenId` token is transferred to this contract via {IERC721-safeTransferFrom}
       * by `operator` from `from`, this function is called.
       *
       * It must return its Solidity selector to confirm the token transfer.
       * If any other value is returned or the interface is not implemented by the recipient, the transfer will be
       * reverted.
       *
       * The selector can be obtained in Solidity with `IERC721Receiver.onERC721Received.selector`.
       */
      function onERC721Received(
          address operator,
          address from,
          uint256 tokenId,
          bytes calldata data
      ) external returns (bytes4);
  }
  
  // File: @openzeppelin/contracts/utils/introspection/IERC165.sol
  
  
  // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (utils/introspection/IERC165.sol)
  
  pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
  
  /**
   * @dev Interface of the ERC165 standard, as defined in the
   * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-165[EIP].
   *
   * Implementers can declare support of contract interfaces, which can then be
   * queried by others ({ERC165Checker}).
   *
   * For an implementation, see {ERC165}.
   */
  interface IERC165 {
      /**
       * @dev Returns true if this contract implements the interface defined by
       * `interfaceId`. See the corresponding
       * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-165#how-interfaces-are-identified[EIP section]
       * to learn more about how these ids are created.
       *
       * This function call must use less than 30 000 gas.
       */
      function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) external view returns (bool);
  }
  
  // File: @openzeppelin/contracts/utils/introspection/ERC165.sol
  
  
  // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (utils/introspection/ERC165.sol)
  
  pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
  
  
  /**
   * @dev Implementation of the {IERC165} interface.
   *
   * Contracts that want to implement ERC165 should inherit from this contract and override {supportsInterface} to check
   * for the additional interface id that will be supported. For example:
   *
   * ```solidity
   * function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) public view virtual override returns (bool) {
   *     return interfaceId == type(MyInterface).interfaceId || super.supportsInterface(interfaceId);
   * }
   * ```
   */
  abstract contract ERC165 is IERC165 {
      /**
       * @dev See {IERC165-supportsInterface}.
       */
      function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) public view virtual returns (bool) {
          return interfaceId == type(IERC165).interfaceId;
      }
  }
  
  // File: @openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/IERC721.sol
  
  
  // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (token/ERC721/IERC721.sol)
  
  pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
  
  
  /**
   * @dev Required interface of an ERC721 compliant contract.
   */
  interface IERC721 is IERC165 {
      /**
       * @dev Emitted when `tokenId` token is transferred from `from` to `to`.
       */
      event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 indexed tokenId);
  
      /**
       * @dev Emitted when `owner` enables `approved` to manage the `tokenId` token.
       */
      event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed approved, uint256 indexed tokenId);
  
      /**
       * @dev Emitted when `owner` enables or disables (`approved`) `operator` to manage all of its assets.
       */
      event ApprovalForAll(address indexed owner, address indexed operator, bool approved);
  
      /**
       * @dev Returns the number of tokens in ``owner``'s account.
       */
      function balanceOf(address owner) external view returns (uint256 balance);
  
      /**
       * @dev Returns the owner of the `tokenId` token.
       *
       * Requirements:
       *
       * - `tokenId` must exist.
       */
      function ownerOf(uint256 tokenId) external view returns (address owner);
  
      /**
       * @dev Safely transfers `tokenId` token from `from` to `to`.
       *
       * Requirements:
       *
       * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
       * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
       * - `tokenId` token must exist and be owned by `from`.
       * - If the caller is not `from`, it must be approved to move this token by either {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
       * - If `to` refers to a smart contract, it must implement {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received}, which is called upon
       *   a safe transfer.
       *
       * Emits a {Transfer} event.
       */
      function safeTransferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 tokenId, bytes calldata data) external;
  
      /**
       * @dev Safely transfers `tokenId` token from `from` to `to`, checking first that contract recipients
       * are aware of the ERC721 protocol to prevent tokens from being forever locked.
       *
       * Requirements:
       *
       * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
       * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
       * - `tokenId` token must exist and be owned by `from`.
       * - If the caller is not `from`, it must have been allowed to move this token by either {approve} or
       *   {setApprovalForAll}.
       * - If `to` refers to a smart contract, it must implement {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received}, which is called upon
       *   a safe transfer.
       *
       * Emits a {Transfer} event.
       */
      function safeTransferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 tokenId) external;
  
      /**
       * @dev Transfers `tokenId` token from `from` to `to`.
       *
       * WARNING: Note that the caller is responsible to confirm that the recipient is capable of receiving ERC721
       * or else they may be permanently lost. Usage of {safeTransferFrom} prevents loss, though the caller must
       * understand this adds an external call which potentially creates a reentrancy vulnerability.
       *
       * Requirements:
       *
       * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
       * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
       * - `tokenId` token must be owned by `from`.
       * - If the caller is not `from`, it must be approved to move this token by either {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
       *
       * Emits a {Transfer} event.
       */
      function transferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 tokenId) external;
  
      /**
       * @dev Gives permission to `to` to transfer `tokenId` token to another account.
       * The approval is cleared when the token is transferred.
       *
       * Only a single account can be approved at a time, so approving the zero address clears previous approvals.
       *
       * Requirements:
       *
       * - The caller must own the token or be an approved operator.
       * - `tokenId` must exist.
       *
       * Emits an {Approval} event.
       */
      function approve(address to, uint256 tokenId) external;
  
      /**
       * @dev Approve or remove `operator` as an operator for the caller.
       * Operators can call {transferFrom} or {safeTransferFrom} for any token owned by the caller.
       *
       * Requirements:
       *
       * - The `operator` cannot be the address zero.
       *
       * Emits an {ApprovalForAll} event.
       */
      function setApprovalForAll(address operator, bool approved) external;
  
      /**
       * @dev Returns the account approved for `tokenId` token.
       *
       * Requirements:
       *
       * - `tokenId` must exist.
       */
      function getApproved(uint256 tokenId) external view returns (address operator);
  
      /**
       * @dev Returns if the `operator` is allowed to manage all of the assets of `owner`.
       *
       * See {setApprovalForAll}
       */
      function isApprovedForAll(address owner, address operator) external view returns (bool);
  }
  
  // File: @openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/extensions/IERC721Metadata.sol
  
  
  // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (token/ERC721/extensions/IERC721Metadata.sol)
  
  pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
  
  
  /**
   * @title ERC-721 Non-Fungible Token Standard, optional metadata extension
   * @dev See https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-721
   */
  interface IERC721Metadata is IERC721 {
      /**
       * @dev Returns the token collection name.
       */
      function name() external view returns (string memory);
  
      /**
       * @dev Returns the token collection symbol.
       */
      function symbol() external view returns (string memory);
  
      /**
       * @dev Returns the Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) for `tokenId` token.
       */
      function tokenURI(uint256 tokenId) external view returns (string memory);
  }
  
  // File: @openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/ERC721.sol
  
  
  // OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (token/ERC721/ERC721.sol)
  
  pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  /**
   * @dev Implementation of https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-721[ERC721] Non-Fungible Token Standard, including
   * the Metadata extension, but not including the Enumerable extension, which is available separately as
   * {ERC721Enumerable}.
   */
  abstract contract ERC721 is Context, ERC165, IERC721, IERC721Metadata, IERC721Errors {
      using Strings for uint256;
  
      // Token name
      string private _name;
  
      // Token symbol
      string private _symbol;
  
      mapping(uint256 tokenId => address) private _owners;
  
      mapping(address owner => uint256) private _balances;
  
      mapping(uint256 tokenId => address) private _tokenApprovals;
  
      mapping(address owner => mapping(address operator => bool)) private _operatorApprovals;
  
      /**
       * @dev Initializes the contract by setting a `name` and a `symbol` to the token collection.
       */
      constructor(string memory name_, string memory symbol_) {
          _name = name_;
          _symbol = symbol_;
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev See {IERC165-supportsInterface}.
       */
      function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) public view virtual override(ERC165, IERC165) returns (bool) {
          return
              interfaceId == type(IERC721).interfaceId ||
              interfaceId == type(IERC721Metadata).interfaceId ||
              super.supportsInterface(interfaceId);
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev See {IERC721-balanceOf}.
       */
      function balanceOf(address owner) public view virtual returns (uint256) {
          if (owner == address(0)) {
              revert ERC721InvalidOwner(address(0));
          }
          return _balances[owner];
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev See {IERC721-ownerOf}.
       */
      function ownerOf(uint256 tokenId) public view virtual returns (address) {
          return _requireOwned(tokenId);
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev See {IERC721Metadata-name}.
       */
      function name() public view virtual returns (string memory) {
          return _name;
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev See {IERC721Metadata-symbol}.
       */
      function symbol() public view virtual returns (string memory) {
          return _symbol;
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev See {IERC721Metadata-tokenURI}.
       */
      function tokenURI(uint256 tokenId) public view virtual returns (string memory) {
          _requireOwned(tokenId);
  
          string memory baseURI = _baseURI();
          return bytes(baseURI).length > 0 ? string.concat(baseURI, tokenId.toString()) : "";
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev Base URI for computing {tokenURI}. If set, the resulting URI for each
       * token will be the concatenation of the `baseURI` and the `tokenId`. Empty
       * by default, can be overridden in child contracts.
       */
      function _baseURI() internal view virtual returns (string memory) {
          return "";
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev See {IERC721-approve}.
       */
      function approve(address to, uint256 tokenId) public virtual {
          _approve(to, tokenId, _msgSender());
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev See {IERC721-getApproved}.
       */
      function getApproved(uint256 tokenId) public view virtual returns (address) {
          _requireOwned(tokenId);
  
          return _getApproved(tokenId);
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev See {IERC721-setApprovalForAll}.
       */
      function setApprovalForAll(address operator, bool approved) public virtual {
          _setApprovalForAll(_msgSender(), operator, approved);
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev See {IERC721-isApprovedForAll}.
       */
      function isApprovedForAll(address owner, address operator) public view virtual returns (bool) {
          return _operatorApprovals[owner][operator];
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev See {IERC721-transferFrom}.
       */
      function transferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 tokenId) public virtual {
          if (to == address(0)) {
              revert ERC721InvalidReceiver(address(0));
          }
          // Setting an "auth" arguments enables the `_isAuthorized` check which verifies that the token exists
          // (from != 0). Therefore, it is not needed to verify that the return value is not 0 here.
          address previousOwner = _update(to, tokenId, _msgSender());
          if (previousOwner != from) {
              revert ERC721IncorrectOwner(from, tokenId, previousOwner);
          }
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev See {IERC721-safeTransferFrom}.
       */
      function safeTransferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 tokenId) public {
          safeTransferFrom(from, to, tokenId, "");
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev See {IERC721-safeTransferFrom}.
       */
      function safeTransferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 tokenId, bytes memory data) public virtual {
          transferFrom(from, to, tokenId);
          _checkOnERC721Received(from, to, tokenId, data);
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev Returns the owner of the `tokenId`. Does NOT revert if token doesn't exist
       *
       * IMPORTANT: Any overrides to this function that add ownership of tokens not tracked by the
       * core ERC721 logic MUST be matched with the use of {_increaseBalance} to keep balances
       * consistent with ownership. The invariant to preserve is that for any address `a` the value returned by
       * `balanceOf(a)` must be equal to the number of tokens such that `_ownerOf(tokenId)` is `a`.
       */
      function _ownerOf(uint256 tokenId) internal view virtual returns (address) {
          return _owners[tokenId];
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev Returns the approved address for `tokenId`. Returns 0 if `tokenId` is not minted.
       */
      function _getApproved(uint256 tokenId) internal view virtual returns (address) {
          return _tokenApprovals[tokenId];
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev Returns whether `spender` is allowed to manage `owner`'s tokens, or `tokenId` in
       * particular (ignoring whether it is owned by `owner`).
       *
       * WARNING: This function assumes that `owner` is the actual owner of `tokenId` and does not verify this
       * assumption.
       */
      function _isAuthorized(address owner, address spender, uint256 tokenId) internal view virtual returns (bool) {
          return
              spender != address(0) &&
              (owner == spender || isApprovedForAll(owner, spender) || _getApproved(tokenId) == spender);
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev Checks if `spender` can operate on `tokenId`, assuming the provided `owner` is the actual owner.
       * Reverts if `spender` does not have approval from the provided `owner` for the given token or for all its assets
       * the `spender` for the specific `tokenId`.
       *
       * WARNING: This function assumes that `owner` is the actual owner of `tokenId` and does not verify this
       * assumption.
       */
      function _checkAuthorized(address owner, address spender, uint256 tokenId) internal view virtual {
          if (!_isAuthorized(owner, spender, tokenId)) {
              if (owner == address(0)) {
                  revert ERC721NonexistentToken(tokenId);
              } else {
                  revert ERC721InsufficientApproval(spender, tokenId);
              }
          }
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev Unsafe write access to the balances, used by extensions that "mint" tokens using an {ownerOf} override.
       *
       * NOTE: the value is limited to type(uint128).max. This protect against _balance overflow. It is unrealistic that
       * a uint256 would ever overflow from increments when these increments are bounded to uint128 values.
       *
       * WARNING: Increasing an account's balance using this function tends to be paired with an override of the
       * {_ownerOf} function to resolve the ownership of the corresponding tokens so that balances and ownership
       * remain consistent with one another.
       */
      function _increaseBalance(address account, uint128 value) internal virtual {
          unchecked {
              _balances[account] += value;
          }
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev Transfers `tokenId` from its current owner to `to`, or alternatively mints (or burns) if the current owner
       * (or `to`) is the zero address. Returns the owner of the `tokenId` before the update.
       *
       * The `auth` argument is optional. If the value passed is non 0, then this function will check that
       * `auth` is either the owner of the token, or approved to operate on the token (by the owner).
       *
       * Emits a {Transfer} event.
       *
       * NOTE: If overriding this function in a way that tracks balances, see also {_increaseBalance}.
       */
      function _update(address to, uint256 tokenId, address auth) internal virtual returns (address) {
          address from = _ownerOf(tokenId);
  
          // Perform (optional) operator check
          if (auth != address(0)) {
              _checkAuthorized(from, auth, tokenId);
          }
  
          // Execute the update
          if (from != address(0)) {
              // Clear approval. No need to re-authorize or emit the Approval event
              _approve(address(0), tokenId, address(0), false);
  
              unchecked {
                  _balances[from] -= 1;
              }
          }
  
          if (to != address(0)) {
              unchecked {
                  _balances[to] += 1;
              }
          }
  
          _owners[tokenId] = to;
  
          emit Transfer(from, to, tokenId);
  
          return from;
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev Mints `tokenId` and transfers it to `to`.
       *
       * WARNING: Usage of this method is discouraged, use {_safeMint} whenever possible
       *
       * Requirements:
       *
       * - `tokenId` must not exist.
       * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
       *
       * Emits a {Transfer} event.
       */
      function _mint(address to, uint256 tokenId) internal {
          if (to == address(0)) {
              revert ERC721InvalidReceiver(address(0));
          }
          address previousOwner = _update(to, tokenId, address(0));
          if (previousOwner != address(0)) {
              revert ERC721InvalidSender(address(0));
          }
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev Mints `tokenId`, transfers it to `to` and checks for `to` acceptance.
       *
       * Requirements:
       *
       * - `tokenId` must not exist.
       * - If `to` refers to a smart contract, it must implement {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received}, which is called upon a safe transfer.
       *
       * Emits a {Transfer} event.
       */
      function _safeMint(address to, uint256 tokenId) internal {
          _safeMint(to, tokenId, "");
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev Same as {xref-ERC721-_safeMint-address-uint256-}[`_safeMint`], with an additional `data` parameter which is
       * forwarded in {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received} to contract recipients.
       */
      function _safeMint(address to, uint256 tokenId, bytes memory data) internal virtual {
          _mint(to, tokenId);
          _checkOnERC721Received(address(0), to, tokenId, data);
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev Destroys `tokenId`.
       * The approval is cleared when the token is burned.
       * This is an internal function that does not check if the sender is authorized to operate on the token.
       *
       * Requirements:
       *
       * - `tokenId` must exist.
       *
       * Emits a {Transfer} event.
       */
      function _burn(uint256 tokenId) internal {
          address previousOwner = _update(address(0), tokenId, address(0));
          if (previousOwner == address(0)) {
              revert ERC721NonexistentToken(tokenId);
          }
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev Transfers `tokenId` from `from` to `to`.
       *  As opposed to {transferFrom}, this imposes no restrictions on msg.sender.
       *
       * Requirements:
       *
       * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
       * - `tokenId` token must be owned by `from`.
       *
       * Emits a {Transfer} event.
       */
      function _transfer(address from, address to, uint256 tokenId) internal {
          if (to == address(0)) {
              revert ERC721InvalidReceiver(address(0));
          }
          address previousOwner = _update(to, tokenId, address(0));
          if (previousOwner == address(0)) {
              revert ERC721NonexistentToken(tokenId);
          } else if (previousOwner != from) {
              revert ERC721IncorrectOwner(from, tokenId, previousOwner);
          }
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev Safely transfers `tokenId` token from `from` to `to`, checking that contract recipients
       * are aware of the ERC721 standard to prevent tokens from being forever locked.
       *
       * `data` is additional data, it has no specified format and it is sent in call to `to`.
       *
       * This internal function is like {safeTransferFrom} in the sense that it invokes
       * {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received} on the receiver, and can be used to e.g.
       * implement alternative mechanisms to perform token transfer, such as signature-based.
       *
       * Requirements:
       *
       * - `tokenId` token must exist and be owned by `from`.
       * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
       * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
       * - If `to` refers to a smart contract, it must implement {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received}, which is called upon a safe transfer.
       *
       * Emits a {Transfer} event.
       */
      function _safeTransfer(address from, address to, uint256 tokenId) internal {
          _safeTransfer(from, to, tokenId, "");
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev Same as {xref-ERC721-_safeTransfer-address-address-uint256-}[`_safeTransfer`], with an additional `data` parameter which is
       * forwarded in {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received} to contract recipients.
       */
      function _safeTransfer(address from, address to, uint256 tokenId, bytes memory data) internal virtual {
          _transfer(from, to, tokenId);
          _checkOnERC721Received(from, to, tokenId, data);
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev Approve `to` to operate on `tokenId`
       *
       * The `auth` argument is optional. If the value passed is non 0, then this function will check that `auth` is
       * either the owner of the token, or approved to operate on all tokens held by this owner.
       *
       * Emits an {Approval} event.
       *
       * Overrides to this logic should be done to the variant with an additional `bool emitEvent` argument.
       */
      function _approve(address to, uint256 tokenId, address auth) internal {
          _approve(to, tokenId, auth, true);
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev Variant of `_approve` with an optional flag to enable or disable the {Approval} event. The event is not
       * emitted in the context of transfers.
       */
      function _approve(address to, uint256 tokenId, address auth, bool emitEvent) internal virtual {
          // Avoid reading the owner unless necessary
          if (emitEvent || auth != address(0)) {
              address owner = _requireOwned(tokenId);
  
              // We do not use _isAuthorized because single-token approvals should not be able to call approve
              if (auth != address(0) && owner != auth && !isApprovedForAll(owner, auth)) {
                  revert ERC721InvalidApprover(auth);
              }
  
              if (emitEvent) {
                  emit Approval(owner, to, tokenId);
              }
          }
  
          _tokenApprovals[tokenId] = to;
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev Approve `operator` to operate on all of `owner` tokens
       *
       * Requirements:
       * - operator can't be the address zero.
       *
       * Emits an {ApprovalForAll} event.
       */
      function _setApprovalForAll(address owner, address operator, bool approved) internal virtual {
          if (operator == address(0)) {
              revert ERC721InvalidOperator(operator);
          }
          _operatorApprovals[owner][operator] = approved;
          emit ApprovalForAll(owner, operator, approved);
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev Reverts if the `tokenId` doesn't have a current owner (it hasn't been minted, or it has been burned).
       * Returns the owner.
       *
       * Overrides to ownership logic should be done to {_ownerOf}.
       */
      function _requireOwned(uint256 tokenId) internal view returns (address) {
          address owner = _ownerOf(tokenId);
          if (owner == address(0)) {
              revert ERC721NonexistentToken(tokenId);
          }
          return owner;
      }
  
      /**
       * @dev Private function to invoke {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received} on a target address. This will revert if the
       * recipient doesn't accept the token transfer. The call is not executed if the target address is not a contract.
       *
       * @param from address representing the previous owner of the given token ID
       * @param to target address that will receive the tokens
       * @param tokenId uint256 ID of the token to be transferred
       * @param data bytes optional data to send along with the call
       */
      function _checkOnERC721Received(address from, address to, uint256 tokenId, bytes memory data) private {
          if (to.code.length > 0) {
              try IERC721Receiver(to).onERC721Received(_msgSender(), from, tokenId, data) returns (bytes4 retval) {
                  if (retval != IERC721Receiver.onERC721Received.selector) {
                      revert ERC721InvalidReceiver(to);
                  }
              } catch (bytes memory reason) {
                  if (reason.length == 0) {
                      revert ERC721InvalidReceiver(to);
                  } else {
                      /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                      assembly {
                          revert(add(32, reason), mload(reason))
                      }
                  }
              }
          }
      }
  }
  
  // File: test.sol
  
  
  pragma solidity ^0.8.25;
  
  
  
  using Strings for uint256;
  
  contract PMFContract is ERC721, Ownable, ReentrancyGuard  {
  
      // variables
      string public NAME = "PMF Contract";
      string public SYMBOL = "PMF";
      address public contractOwner;
      string private currentBaseURI;
  
      // uint256 public constant OWNERS  = 1;
      // uint256 public constant CUSTOM_TOKENS = 2;
      // uint256 public constant PARTNER_PMF_TOKENS = 3;
      // uint256 public constant FOUNDER_PMF_TOKENS = 4;
      // uint256 public constant FUNDER_ASSOSIATE_TOKENS = 5;
      // uint256 public constant FUNDER_COMMUNITY_TOKENS = 6;
      // uint256 public constant SPONSOR_TOKENS = 7;
      // uint256 public constant PARTICIPANT_TOKENS = 8;
  
      // Active minting tiers    
      uint256 private activeTierOne = 4;
      uint256 private activeTierTwo = 5;
  
      // Mapping for token supplies
      mapping(uint256 => uint256) private _tokenSupplies;
  
      // Mapping for token minting prices
      mapping(uint256 => uint256) private _tokenPrices;
  
      // Mapping for each tier current Index
      mapping(uint256 => uint256) private _tierCurentMintingIndex;
  
  
      // Modifier to check if the token corresponds to one of the current active tiers
      modifier isActiveTier(uint256 _tier) {
          require(_tier == activeTierOne || _tier == activeTierTwo, "This tier is not active for minting.");
          _;
      }
  
  
      constructor() ERC721(NAME, SYMBOL) Ownable(msg.sender){
          contractOwner = msg.sender;
  
          // Initialize token supplies
          _tokenSupplies[1] = 2;
          _tokenSupplies[2] = 8;
          _tokenSupplies[3] = 180;
          _tokenSupplies[4] = 360;
          _tokenSupplies[5] = 101;
          _tokenSupplies[6] = 520;
          _tokenSupplies[7] = 52000;
          _tokenSupplies[8] = 101000;
  
  
          // Initialize token prices
          _tokenPrices[1] = 0.01 ether;
          _tokenPrices[2] = 0.05 ether;
          _tokenPrices[3] = 26.3 ether;
          _tokenPrices[4] = 7.0 ether;
          _tokenPrices[5] = 8.0 ether;
          _tokenPrices[6] = 1 ether;
          _tokenPrices[7] = 0.14 ether;
          _tokenPrices[8] = 0.08 ether;
  
          // Initialize each tier current minting index
          _tierCurentMintingIndex[1] = 1;
          _tierCurentMintingIndex[2] = 3;
          _tierCurentMintingIndex[3] = 11;
          _tierCurentMintingIndex[4] = 191;
          _tierCurentMintingIndex[5] = 551;
          _tierCurentMintingIndex[6] = 652;
          _tierCurentMintingIndex[7] = 1172;
          _tierCurentMintingIndex[8] = 53172;
  
  
      }
  
  
      // functions:
  
      function publicMint(uint256 _tier) public payable isActiveTier(_tier) {
          require(_tokenSupplies[_tier] > 0, "No more tokens available to mint in this tier.");
          require(msg.value == _tokenPrices[_tier], "Insufficient funds sent.");
          _mint(msg.sender, _tierCurentMintingIndex[_tier]++);
          _tokenSupplies[_tier]--;
      }
  
      function adminMint(uint256 _tier, address account) public onlyOwner {
          require(_tokenSupplies[_tier] > 0, "Insufficient token supply.");
          _tokenSupplies[_tier]--;
          _mint(account, _tierCurentMintingIndex[_tier]++);
      }
     
      // To change the current minting tier:
       function setActiveTiers(uint256 _tierOne, uint256 _tierTwo) public onlyOwner {
          require(_tierOne != _tierTwo, "Tiers must be different.");
          require(_tierOne >= 1 && _tierOne <= 8 && _tierTwo >= 1 && _tierTwo <= 8, "Invalid tier.");
          activeTierOne = _tierOne;
          activeTierTwo = _tierTwo;
      }
  
      // admin can withdraw funds from contract:
      function withdrawFunds() external nonReentrant onlyOwner {
          payable(contractOwner).transfer(address(this).balance);
      }
  
      function setBaseURI(string memory _newBaseURI) public onlyOwner {
          currentBaseURI = _newBaseURI;
      }
  
      function _baseURI() internal view virtual override returns (string memory) {
          return currentBaseURI;
      }
  
      function tokenURI(uint256 tokenId) public view virtual override(ERC721) returns (string memory) {
          _requireOwned(tokenId);
          return string(abi.encodePacked(currentBaseURI, tokenId.toString(), ".json"));
      }
  
  
      // Get the current active minting tiers
      function getCurrentMintingTiers() public view returns (uint256, uint256) {
          return (activeTierOne, activeTierTwo);
      }
  
      // To retrieve the remaining supply for a token
      function getTokenSupply(uint256 _tier) public view returns (uint256) {
          return _tokenSupplies[_tier];
      }
  
      // To retrieve the minting price for a currenttier
      function getTokenPrice(uint256 _tier) public view returns (uint256) {
          return _tokenPrices[_tier];
      }
  
      // To retrieve the current tier minting tokenId
      function getTierMintingTokenId(uint256 _tier) public view returns (uint256) {
          return _tierCurentMintingIndex[_tier];
      }
  
  
  }