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Newman AB, Siscovick DS, ManolioIn elderly Chinese populations, atherosclerosis is a common condition. Several studies have investigated the association between the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene polymorphism and cardiovascular and renal risk. One study found an association between the ACE gene polymorphism and age in two ethnic groups living in Brazil's southern region. Meta-analyses of small and large studies in whites have also shown an association between ACE gene polymorphism and cardiovascular disease. However, other studies have found no association between ACE gene polymorphism and essential hypertension in Belgian and Chinese populations. Variation at the ACE gene locus has been linked to blood pressure in Finnish men, increased risk of essential hypertension in Japanese men, and blood pressure response to hydrochlorothiazide in both genders. Large-scale tests have found no significant association between ACE gene polymorphism and myocardial infarction in cases and controls. Another study found no association between ACE gene polymorphism and ischemic heart disease or longevity in individuals based on the Copenhagen City Heart Study. Finally, some studies have investigated the prevalence of alleles and genotypes in the renin-angiotensin system but found no association with renal function among Chinese patients with type II diabetes.