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Jin, X., Wang, R., Xiao, C., Cheng, L., Wang, F., Yang, L., Feng, T., Chen, M., Chen, S., Fu, X., Deng, J., Wang, R., Tang, F., Wei, Q., Tanguay, R.M., Wu, T.,

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in aging: a

The genotypic and allele frequencies of two functional tagSNPs, rs1043618 in HSP70-A1A and rs6457452 in HSP70- A1B, were examined in centenarians, centenarian offspring, and controls from the NECS and the LGP Ashkenazi Jewish population. Contrary to our hypothesis, we did not demon- strate any genetic associations that explained the differences in serum Hsp70. This could be a true finding or the consequence of the relatively small sample size of our populations. More likely, it is possible that the differences in serum Hsp70 levels that we demonstrated are a downstream effect of genetic differences elsewhere in the metabolic pathway. Future genetic studies of Hsp70 levels could focus on such genes.

4.3. Conclusions

study of serum Hsp70 levels in centenarian offspring compared to controls (Terry et al., 2004) and those of Rea et al. (2001) and Jin et al. (2004), showing that serum Hsp70 levels are lower in those individuals that reach an advanced age. In addition, it suggests that low serum Hsp70 levels are associated with longevity independent of other covariates such as age, gender, race, income, alcohol, cardiovascular disease, and a variety of other age-related diseases. No statistically significant associa- tions were found with two tagSNPs within hsp70 genes. Further investigation is needed to determine why centenarians and centenarian offspring have low levels of serum Hsp70 and to better understand the role of genetic polymorphisms in this observation.

heat shock protein

J. Immunol.

,

–

Binder, R.J., Harris, M.L., Menoret, A., Srivastava, P.K.,

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, hsp

, and hsp

with CD

b+ cells. J. Immunol.

,

–

Clayton, A., Turkes, A., Navabi, H., Mason, M.D., Tabi, Z.,

Induction of heat shock proteins in B-cell exosomes. J. Cell Sci.

,

–

Calderwood, S.K., Theriault, J.R., Gong, J.,

Message in a bottle: role of the

-

a heat shock protein family in anti-tumor immunity. Eur. J. Immunol.

,

–

Effros, R.B., Zhu, X., Walford, R.L.,

Stress response of senescent T lymphocytes: reduced hsp

is independent of the proliferative block. J. Gerontol.

, B

–B

Gastpar, R., Gehrmann, M., Bausero, M.A., Asea, A., Gross, C., Schroeder, J.A., Multhoff, G.,

Heat shock protein

surface-positive tumor exosomes stimulate migratory and cytolytic activity of natural killer cells. Cancer Res.

,

–

Georgopoulos, C., Welch, W.J.,

Role of the major heat shock proteins as molecular chaperones. Annu. Rev. Cell Biol.

,

–

Hartl, F.U.,

Molecular chaperones in cellular protein folding. Nature

,

–

Hsu, A.L.,Murphy, C.T., Kenyon, C.,

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and heat-shock factor. Science

,

–

Hunter-Lavin, C., Davies, E.L., Bacelar, M.M., Marshall, M.J., Andrew, S.M., Williams, J.H.,

Hsp

release from peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.

,

–

Jin, X., Wang, R., Xiao, C., Cheng, L., Wang, F., Yang, L., Feng, T., Chen, M., Chen, S., Fu, X., Deng, J., Wang, R., Tang, F., Wei, Q., Tanguay, R.M., Wu, T.,

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Acknowledgements