We set out to explore the possible association between the mtDNA C150T polymorphism and longevity in Han Chinese subjects living in Dujiangyan city in Sichuan province, China. Dujiangyan city is renowned for having a longevous population in China, with a frequency of centenarians of more than 0.01% as indexed in the 5th National Census in China inhistory of human populations through the analysis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has been a subject of much investigation. However, some associations between mtDNA haplogroups and longevity have been limited to specific populations and could not be replicated in other studies. The present study investigated the association between the C150T polymorphism and longevity in Han Chinese populations using Pearson Chi-Square analysis. The results showed that the two populations had similar mtDNA genetic backgrounds, and the overall haplogroup frequencies were not significantly different. The C150T mutation frequencies in European populations were distinct from those in East Asian populations, with much higher frequencies observed in the Chinese population. While the study did not find a robust association between the C150T polymorphism and longevity in Han Chinese populations, other mtDNA variants might still be associated with human longevity. Functional studies on mtDNA variants are required to further our understanding of the influence of mitochondrial/nuclear genetic background and environmental factors on human lifespan. This work was supported by several research programs, and the authors thank all participants and research collaborators for their contributions.History of China: a caveat about inferences drawn from ancient DNA. Mol. Biol. Evol., Zhang, J., Asin-Cayuela, J., Fish, J., Michikawa, Y., Bonafe, M., Olivieri, F., Passarino, G., De Benedictis, G., Franceschi, C., Attardi, G. Strikingly higher frequency in centenarians and twins of mRNA mutation causing remodeling of replication origin in leukocytes. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, haplogroup D is a marker for extreme longevity in Japan. PLoS One, e-URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids= Cai,X.Y., Wang, X.F., Li, S.L., Qian,J., Qian, D.G., Chen, F., Yang, Y.J., Yuan, Z.Y., Xu,J., Bai,Y., Yu,S.Z., Jin,L. Association of mitochondrial DNA haplogroups with exceptional longevity in a Chinese population. PLoS One , e-URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids= Dato,S., Passarino, G., Rose,G., Altomare,K., Bellizzi,D., Mari,V., Feraco,E., Franceschi,C., De Benedictis,G. Association of the mitochondrial DNA haplogroup J with longevity is population specific. Eur.J.Hum.Genet. , URL:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids= De Benedictis,G., Rose,G., Carrieri,G., De Luca,M., Falcone,E., Passarino,G., Bonafe,M., Monti,D., Baggio,G., Bertolini,S., Mari,D., Mattace,R., Franceschi,C. Mitochondrial DNA inherited variants are associated with successful aging and longevity in humans. Faseb.J., URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids= Dominguez-Garrido,E., Martinez-Redondo,D., Martin-Ruiz,C., Gomez-Duran,A., Ruiz-Pesini,E., Madero,P., Tamparillas,M., Montoya,J., von Zglinicki,T., Diez-Sanchez,C., Lopez-Perez,M.J. Association of mitochondrial haplogroup J and mtDNA oxidative damage in two different North Spain elderly populations. Biogerontology, URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids= Iwata,N., Zhang,J., Atzmon,G., Leanza,S., Cho,J., Chomyn,A., Burk,R.D., Barzilai,N., Attardi,G. Aging-related occurrence in Ashkenazi Jews of leukocyte heteroplasmic mtDNA mutation adjacent to replication origin frequently remodeled in Italian centenarians. Mitochondrion, URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids= Kong,Q.P., Bandelt,H.J., Sun,C., Yao,Y.G., Salas,A., Achilli,A., Wang,C.Y., Zhong,L., Zhu,C.L.,
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