tnavelerrojaMstceffecipytonehpdnasnoitcnuF ssecorplacigoloibdetaicossaebotdeveilebronwonknietorp/eneGecnatsiDnoitaleR redrosidhtlaehronietorp/enegsihthtiwnoitpircsedenegtsesolCenegotenegotrhCPNS ;ytinummietannIyek;noisserperlanoitpircsnarTraelcunelbicudni-c-NFI,ylimafRLN:5CRLN0cinortnI6138314sr ;noitammaflniforotalugerevitagenlanoitpircsnartniamodDRAC noitcefnilarivsyawhtapyrotammaflniehtforotaluger5gniniatnoc ytinummietanniniIepytdnaBj-FN 67,57esnopserlarivitnadnagnillangisnorefretni2.285610CA0gnidocnoN9136957961sr ;noisehdalleC,htworgtuosnoxanidevlovnInisetapicitraPnirehdac-R:4HDC0cinortnI024174202sr ,emulovniarb,tnempolevedelcsumdnayendiktnedneped-muiclac)laniter( ;gniganiarbromutsatcayam;ytilitomllecnoisehdallec–llec recnacynamnidetalyhtem;rosserppus msihpromylop; 77,12srecnac larbereclatothtiwdetaicossa 71emulovniarb ;noisehdalleclarueNyam;noisehdallecsetaideM,nietorpniarBlleclaruen:2MACN0cinortnI121986282sr niarb,recnacenoz-ot-enoznieloryalpehtfoylimafrepus2elucelomnoisehda )?(sredrosidyramirpehtfonoitcejorp;nilubolgonummi niarbnidna,snoxayrotcafloamsalpfoeno esnopsersetaidem; 87sredrosidderohcna-enarbmem ,tsaerbniyparehtenegotsnietorp 97srecnacetatsorp ;noisehdalleCetartsbus-etycokuelnidevlovnIsnietorpgnidnib-nitcA,nivrap:GVRAP0cinortnI22071931sr noisserppusromutetycokueldnanoitcaretnilacofhtiwdetaicossaammag romut; 08noitargimnoisehda 18erutaefrosserppus niarbfonoitalugeRyltnanimoderperasnietorpAFAT,a1-PIMotdetaleRrebmem:5A91MAF0cinortnI225761775sr dnanoitammaflnisnoigercfiicepsnidesserpxeehtforebmemaylimafAFATfo lanoruendesoporp; 28niarbehtfoenikomehc-CC )?(lavivruscfiiceps-niarbsanoitcnufot.ylimaf senikoruenrosenikomehc2.050000CA255,3-maertspU226096169sr /htworglleCllecB; 38tnempolevedllecTSARehtfoesaPTGdetaler-sar:2CAR299,7-maertspU2257135031sr ;noitarefilorp; 58noitammaflni; 48noisehdaylimafrepusnixotmunilutob3C ;noisehdallec,noisehdaCSHetaludomnacllecgnitaluger2etartsbus ,ytinummi,noitazilibom,noteleksotyc,htworg noitammaflni 68noitarefilorpdnasesaniknietorpdna noitavitca ,noitamrofniciteneggnizitametsysdnagnihcraesrofsloothcraeserdnasesabatadenilno,esiwrehtodetacidnitonfi)2(;)detacidnisecnerefer(srepaphcraeserdeweiver-reeP)1(:noitamrofnifosecruoS .)ytiunegnIybderewop(eneGetirovaFruoYdna,REHTNAP,GGEK,MIMO,sdraCeneG,eneGzertnE,PNSzertnEIBCNsahcus ,DA;gniterces–dicacirytubonima-c,cigreABAG;rotcafhtworglamredipe,FGE;a-rotcafhtworggnimrofsnart,a-FGT;4-nikuelretni,4-LI;emosomorhc,rhC;msihpromylopeditoelcun-elgniS,PNS

Table Examples of Similarity in Functions and Phenotypic Effects of ‘‘Longevity’’ 4. or ‘‘Aging’’ Genes Found in Our and Other Studies

Examples of ‘‘longevity’’ or ‘‘aging’’ genes from other studies that have been linked Genes closest to I-longevity Biological processes/disorders to similar biological processes or health SNPs from our study associated with these genes disorders as genes in our study KIAA0649; STK24; PPP2R2C; Cell growth; proliferation; IGF-187; MINPP16; LMO418 TGFA; RAC2 cancer RP11-24C3.2; PPP2R2C; RUNX3; Growth arrest; senescence; p5325,88; p2189; FOXO3A90,91; p16Ink4a20,92 CDH4; CARS; PARVG apoptosis; tumor suppression CDH4; SVEP1; NCAM2; RAC2; Cell adhesion p16Ink4a20; set of 478 aging- and 586 PARVG; RUNX3 mouse genes19; CDH417; NCAM118 CLSTN2; HPCAL1; CDH4; STK24; Central nervous system p5393; Klotho94,95; CDH417; TOMM 40, TGFA; FAM19A5; PPP2R2C; information processing; brain LMO4, GRIA1, NETO1, NCAM1, NCAM2, CACNA1C aging; brain disorders; memory CACNA1C18 NLRC5; FAM19A5; RAC2; Immunity; inflammation Set of 478 aging- and 586 CR-related RUNX3 mouse genes19; IL-1096 ABCC4 Detoxification; metabolism GSTT197,98 of xenobiotics

Some of the genes shown here are linked to multiple biological processes; therefore, the same gene name may appear in more than one row.

stress resistance (e.g., through delayed memory loss and brain regenerative response to damage), and (2) lower to brain disorders. It is not clear which mech- is prevailing, or if there is a trade-off. Because brain starts early in life,22 typically long before the mani- of aging in other organs and onsets of major dis- including in the brain, the brain aging could be a factor contributing to brain disorders later in life.

intervention so far) attenuated them. That is, the level of cell adhesion was associated with the slower aging. In relation to interpretation of our study this would mean that in cases where the adhesion act together toward the lower level of the adhesion, could favor longevity due to the slower aging. On the hand, enhanced levels of cell adhesion were shown to protective against cancer.20 In this case, longevity SNPs together toward the higher level of the cell adhesion favor longevity due to a lower cancer risk. This means to truly understand how the SNP alleles related to the genes favor survival, one needs at least to know if down- or upregulate respective genes/proteins/path- It again stresses the importance of connecting the re- of GWAS with the results of analyses of the genes/ expression.