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Caliebe A, Kleindorp R, Blanche H, Christiansen LNakano I, Mori N () identified the differential distribution patterns of NAs and consensus binding sequences for mouse DAF-homologues. Biochem. J., Gogele M, Pattaro C, Fuchsberger C, Minelli C, Pramstaller PP, Wjst M () conducted a heritability analysis of life span in a semi-isolated population that was followed across four centuries and revealed the presence of pleiotropy between life span and reproduction. J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci., Hampe J, Wollstein A, Lu T, Frevel HJ, Will M, Manaster C, Schreiber S () developed an integrated system for high throughput TaqMan-based SNP genotyping. Bioinformatics., Hjelmborg J, Iachine I, Skytthe A, Vaupel JW, Mue M, Koskenvuo M, Kaprio J, Pedersen NL, Christensen K () investigated the genetic influence on human lifespan and longevity. Hum. Genet., Statistical analysis: Haplotype-tagging SNPs (htSNPs) of FOXO1, FOXO4, and FOXO6 were selected based on the HapMap genotypes of Utah residents with ancestry from northern and western Europe (CEU; http://www.hapmap.org/) and the pairwise tagging option implemented in the Haploview v3.32 program (Barrett et al., 2005) (http://www.broad.mit.edu/mpg/haploview/) (minor allele frequency: > 0.05, pairwise r2 > 0.8, P > 0.01; see Table 1 for htSNPs HWE). The exact genomic regions for the selection of the htSNPs were as follows: for FOXO1 chromosome 13: 40,022,274-40,144,279; for FOXO4 X chromosome: 70,227,715-70,245,118; and for FOXO6 chromosome 1: 41,596,756-41,624,373 (all NCBI36). The Haploview program was also applied for the haplotype analysis of FOXO1. An additional haplotype analysis using a two-marker sliding window was performed for all three genes with the sliding window option implemented in the program COCAPHASE, version 2.403 that is part of PHASE, version 2.1 (http://www.stat.washington.edu/stephens/; Dudbridge, 2003). Single-point analysis was performed using PLINK v1.07 (Purcell et al., 2007). P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The a priori power calculation for rs2755209 in the German and Italian women sample was carried out with the PS Power and Sample Size Program (PS version 3.0.14; http://medipe.psu.ac.th/episoft/pssamplesize), assuming an OR of 0.77 as observed in the Chinese study (Li et al., 2009) and the minor allele frequency (40%) characteristic of the CEU HapMap sample. Acknowledgments: We thank all study participants for their cooperation and the laboratory personnel at the Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology and the Popgen biobank for excellent technical assistance. Funding: This study was supported by the DFG Excellence Cluster mation at Interfaces. Author contributions: R.K., A.N., S.S. designed research; R.K. performed R.K., F.F., A.A.P, A.M. analyzed data; R.K., A.N. wrote paper. Hosaka T, Biggs rd WH, Tieu D, Boyer AD, Varki NM, Cavenee WK, Arden KC () disrupted forkhead transcription factor (FOXO) family members in mice to reveal their functional diversification. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA., Kato M, Yuan H, Xu ZG, Lanting L, Li SL, Wang M, Hu MC, Reddy MA, Natarajan R () studied the role of the Akt-FoxO pathway in TGF-beta-mediated mesangial cell dysfunction and a novel mechanism related to diabetic kidney disease. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., Kenyon C () gained insights from long-lived mutants on the plasticity of aging. Cell., Kojima T, Kamei H, Aizu T, Arai Y, Takayama M, Nakazawa S, Ebihara Y, Inagaki H, Masui Y, Gondo Y, Sakaki Y, Hirose N () conducted an association analysis between longevity in the Japanese population and polymorphic variants of genes involved in insulin and insulin-like growth factor signaling pathways. Exp. Gerontol., KIncreased dosage of a sir-gene extends lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans. (Nature) 

Wang M, Zhang X, Zhao H, Wang Q, Pan Y (2010) Fox gene family evolution in vertebrates. BMC Evol. Biol.

Willcox BJ, Donlon TA, He Q, Chen R, Grove JS, Yano K, Masaki KH, Willcox DC, Rodriguez B, Curb JD (2008) FOXO3A genotype is strongly associated with human longevity. (Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA)