In summary, the present Korean centenarian study produced rather different results about the effect of ACE and APOE polymorphisms on human longevity and dementia. It is not surprising that Asian people with different genetic and environmental backgrounds show different results from Westerners in research on multifactorial phenomena. Our data disproved the association of the D allele of the ACE gene with longevity and dementia. One possible explanation may be that the effect of the allele is sufficiently mild as to be buffered by environmental and other genetic factors. Nevertheless, the limitation of the study due to small sample size needs to be overcome in future research for a definitive conclusion to be made. The genetic polymorphism of APOE was not significantly different between the centenarians and control population. However, e4 allele frequency showed a tendency to decrease at extremely old age. It was found that the unfavorable effect of the e4 allele on dementia status is still remarkable among centenarians.

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