Variable I/I I/D D/D (n=815) (n=842) (n=184) Mean (SE) p-value of ANOVA Lowest ankle-arm index (baseline) 1.101 (0.005) 1.099 (0.005) 1.100 (0.010) 0.9360 Lowest ankle-arm index (5th yr FU) 1.105 (0.005) 1.097 (0.005) 1.098 (0.011) 0.5334 Lowest ankle-arm index (% change at 5th yr FU) 0.401 (0.487) -0.077 (0.471) -1.069 (1.063) 0.4277 Age (year) 72.41 (0.17) 72.20 (0.17) 72.28 (0.36) 0.6901 BMI (kg/m2) 23.59 (0.11) 23.39 (0.11) 23.59 (0.23) 0.3842 PASE score 96.88 (1.76) 97.35 (1.73) 95.71 (3.70) 0.9198 Freq (%) p-value of Chi square Peripheral arterial diseases (ABI<0.9) (baseline) 35 (4.3%) 40 (4.8%) 11 (6.0%) 0.6141 Peripheral arterial diseases (ABI<0.9) (5th yr FU) 41 (6.3%) 42 (6.1%) 7 (5.2%) 0.8711 Diabetes 124 (15.2%) 115 (13.7%) 28 (15.2%) 0.6399 Heart disease (MI/ ANGINA/ CHF) 153 (18.8%) 159 (18.9%) 27 (14.7%) 0.3882 Hypertension 335 (41.1%) 355 (42.2%) 81 (44.0%) 0.7500 Stroke 33 (4.1%) 49 (5.8%) 10 (5.4%) 0.2482 Use of ACE inhibitor 110 (13.5%) 120 (14.3%) 30 (16.3%) 0.6081 Current smoker 109 (13.4%) 89 (10.6%) 24 (13.0%) 0.1974 Current alcohol use 192 (23.6%) 185 (22.0%) 52 (28.3%) 0.1845 Saturated fatty acids (g/day) <12.4 285 (35.0%) 276 (32.8%) 56 (30.6%) 0.3639 12.4-17.5 270 (33.2%) 269 (32.0%) 71 (38.8%) 17.6 or above 259 (31.8%) 297 (35.3%) 56 (30.6%) Monosaturated fatty acids (g/day) <20.1 280 (34.4%) 280 (33.3%) 62 (33.9%) 0.7786 20.1-27.4 266 (32.7%) 271 (32.2%) 61 (33.3%) 27.5 or above 268 (32.9%) 291 (34.6%) 60 (32.8%) Polyunsaturated fatty acids (g/day) <13.3 291 (35.8%) 274 (32.5%) 58 (31.7%) 0.2799 13.3-17.7 264 (32.4%) 282 (33.5%) 59 (32.2%) 17.8 or above 259 (31.8%) 286 (34.0%) 66 (36.1%) Vitamin C (mg/day) <112.4 256 (31.5%) 287 (34.1%) 69 (37.7%) 0.3459 112.4-172.2 285 (35.0%) 265 (31.5%) 59 (32.2%) 172.3 or above 273 (33.5%) 290 (34.4%) 55 (30.1%) Vitamin D (IU/day) <5 292 (35.9%) 300 (35.6%) 75 (41.0%) 0.6276 5-12.4 254 (31.2%) 258 (30.6%) 48 (26.2%) 12.5 or above 268 (32.9%) 284 (33.7%) 60 (32.8%) Vitamin K (mcg/day) <184.9 266 (32.7%) 277 (32.9%) 68 (37.2%) 0.4441 184.9-319.9 272 (33.4%) 283 (33.6%) 60 (32.8%) 320 or above 276 (33.9%) 282 (33.5%) 55 (30.1%) Iron (mg/day) <12.2 278 (34.2%) 279 (33.1%) 64 (35.0%) 0.9772 12.2-17.3 265 (32.6%) 290 (34.4%) 54 (29.5%) 17.4 or above 271 (33.3%) 273 (32.4%) 65 (35.5%) Cholesterol (mg/day) <158.2 287 (35.3%) 273 (32.4%) 64 (35.0%) 0.4735 158.2-252.8 264 (32.4%) 283 (33.6%) 62 (33.9%) 252.9 or above 263 (32.3%) 286 (34.0%) 57 (31.2%) Isoflavones (mg/day) <6.5 292 (35.8%) 270 (32.1%) 62 (33.7%) 0.2243 6.5-15.5 270 (33.1%) 284 (33.7%) 62 (33.7%) 15.6 or above 253 (31.0%) 288 (34.2%) 60 (32.6%) Fish (g/day) <48.5 263 (32.3%) 284 (33.7%) 71 (38.8%) 0.1336 48.5-100.8 260 (31.9%) 308 (36.6%) 50 (27.3%) 100.9 or above 291 (35.8%) 250 (29.7%) 62 (33.9%) Chinese tea (g/day) <214.3 242 (29.7%) 256 (30.4%) 66 (36.1%) 0.4430 214.3-752.0 250 (30.7%) 261 (31.0%) 49 (26.8%) 752.1 or above 322 (39.6%) 325 (38.6%) 68 (37.2%) Fruit (g/day) <180.8 263 (32.3%) 290 (34.4%) 67 (36.6%) 0.7724 180.8-303.0 286 (35.1%) 272 (32.3%) 57 (31.2%) 303.1 or above 265 (32.6%) 280 (33.3%) 59 (32.2%) Vegetable (g/day) <164.5 269 (33.1%) 271 (32.2%) 63 (34.4%) 0.8672 164.5-267.2 262 (32.2%) 300 (35.6%) 59 (32.2%) 267.3 or above 283 (34.8%) 271 (32.2%) 61 (33.3%) Tomato (g/day) <7.7 235 (28.9%) 240 (28.5%) 54 (29.5%) 0.8888 7.7-14.3 320 (39.3%) 324 (38.5%) 71 (38.8%) 14.4 or above 259 (31.8%) 278 (33.0%) 58 (31.7%)