To compare gene and/or haplotype frequencies between age classes, three sex-specific age classes were defined for men [women]: The first class consists of individuals <66 years old [<73 years old], the second class consists of individuals 66-88 years old [73-91 years old], and the third class consists of individuals >The text seems to be a scientific article discussing the association between the TNF(A/G)-308 polymorphism and reaching extreme old age. Here is the processed text:

The haplotype results in our sample are shown in Table 3, where rare haplotypes (frequency lower than 1%) are grouped based on the allele A/G of the TNF(A/G)-308 marker. We applied a likelihood ratio test to check for differences in haplotype frequency distribution among the three age classes. The results are shown in Table 2, where the relative frequency of TNF(A/G)-308 genotypes and alleles in participants categorized according to sex and age is presented.

It should be noted that the TNF(A/G)-308 polymorphism is a functional polymorphism with allele-specific effects on gene expression. The finding that genotypes including the A allele, which increases gene expression, are detrimental for surviving up to old age is consistent with the idea that inflammatory responses may contribute to the development of chronic degenerative diseases. This also supports the inflammaging theory, which postulates that individuals with a pro-inflammatory genetic asset have a higher mortality risk.

The detrimental effect of allele A is restricted to men. This finding is not unexpected given the functional role of this polymorphism and the sex-specificity of physiological setup. This result adds further evidence to the idea that the genetic component modulating the probability of reaching extreme old age is gender-specific and likely more important in men than women.

The haplotype data reported in Table 3 confirm that the entire TNF region is associated with age. The whole distribution of haplotype frequencies differs among the three age classes (p .0027). The frequency of haplotypes including the A allele tends to decrease as population ages and survival selection operates.

In conclusion, our study shows that genotype at the TNF(A/G)-308 locus affects reaching extreme old age in a gender-specific manner. The A allele is a frailty allele that is associated with major age-related diseases. The whole TNF region is associated with age, and the frequency of haplotypes including the A allele tends to decrease with age.This text appears to be a list of references for studies investigating the relationship between TNF gene polymorphisms and various health outcomes, including diseases and longevity. As such, there is no real "processed text" to output. However, there are a few minor errors that can be corrected for clarity:

- In the first sentence, "of" should be "on."
- In the fourth sentence, "leter" should be "letter."
- In the fifth sentence, "-  A" should be "-A."
- In the seventh sentence, "anti-" is split across two lines and should be joined with the rest of the word.
- In the eighth sentence, "TNFa" should be "TNF-alpha."
- In the ninth sentence, "longevity" is split across two lines and should be joined.
- In the twelfth sentence, "(cid:  )" appears twice and should be removed.
- In the fifteenth sentence, "HSP  loci" should be "HSP70 loci."