Other studies with smaller sample sizes have found lower rates of mortality associated with e2 relative to e3 with age (12, 30), but our data did not support these findings. We observed a small but nonsignificant variation in the relation of e2 with age. However, this study had only 66 participants over the age of 90 years, which may explain why previous findings of an increased e2 allele frequency in the elderly were not confirmed inGenetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (Chen Yao, Soumya Raychaudhuri); Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts (Chen Yao, Soumya Raychaudhuri); Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa (Edwin M. Stone); Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (Wei Chen); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio (Jonathan L. Haines); Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio (Jonathan L. Haines); Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Paul Lichtenstein); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California (Neil Risch); Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine (Cardiology), Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center Torrance California (Jerome I. Rotter). This work was supported by the National Eye Institute/National Institutes of Health grants EY015872 and EY019126; the European Union 7th Framework Programme grant HEALTH-F2-2010- 246539; the Macular Disease Foundation Australia; the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council; the Wellcome Trust; the Royal Society; Fight for Sight UK; the Health Research Board Ireland; the Medical Research Council UK; the National Institute for Health Research UK; the NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Ophthalmology at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology; and the Foundation Fighting Blindness USA. The authors thank the study participants and staff of all participating centers for their contributions. We are grateful to the International AMD Genomics Consortium for providing access to the summary statistics data from their recent genome-wide association study of advanced age-related macular degeneration. The authors acknowledge the use of DNA from the UK Blood Services collection of Common Controls (UKBS-CC collection), which is funded by Wellcome Trust grant 076113/C/04/Z and by grants from the National Eye Institute/National Institutes of Health (EY018246, EY01919, and EY015473). The collection was established as part of the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium. We acknowledge the use of DNA from the National Eye Institute Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS) repository.Ophthalmology:
Uni- Ward H, Mitrou PN, Bowman R, et al. APOE genotype, lipids, and coronary heart disease risk: a prospective population study. Arch Intern Med. ; (): 
Davignon J, Gregg RE, Sing CF. Apolipoprotein E polymorphism and atherosclerosis. Arteriosclerosis. ; (): 
Klaver CC, Kliffen M, van Duijn CM, et al. Genetic association of apolipoprotein E with age-related macular degeneration. Am J Hum Genet. ; (): (Erratum: Am J Hum Genet ; (): )
Saunders AM, Schmader K, Breitner JC, et al. Apolipoprotein E epsilon allele distributions in late-onset Alzheimer's disease and in other amyloid-forming diseases. Lancet. ; (): 
Azad NA, Al Bugami M, Loy-English I. Gender differences in dementia risk factors. Gender Med. ; (): 
Schaefer EJ, Lamon-Fava S, Johnson S, et al. Effects of gender and menopausal status on the association of apolipoprotein E phenotype with plasma lipoprotein levels. Results from the Framingham Offspring Study. Arterioscler Thromb. ; (): 
Sing CF, Davignon J. Role of the apolipoprotein E polymorphism in determining normal plasma lipid and lipoprotein variation. Am J Hum Genet. ; (): 
Oeppen J, Vaupel JW. Demography. Broken limits to life expectancy. Science. ; (): 
Panza F, d'Introno A, Capurso C, et al. Lipoproteins, vascular-related genetic factors, and human longevity. Rejuvenation Res. ; (): 
Ewbank DC. Mortality differences by APOE genotype estimated from demographic synthesis. Genet Epidemiol. ; (): 
Ewbank DC. Differences in the association between apolipoprotein E genotype and mortality across populations. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. ; (): 
Seripa D, Franceschi M, Matera MG, et al. Sex differences in the association of apolipoprotein E and angiotensin-converting enzyme gene polymorphisms with healthy aging and longevity: a population-based study from Southern Italy. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. ; (): 
Rosvall L, Rizzuto D, Wang HX, et al. APOE-related mortality: effect of dementia, cardiovascular disease and gender. Neurobiol Aging. ; (): 
Fritsche LG, Freitag-Wolf S, Bettecken T, et al. Age-related macular degeneration and functional promoter and coding variants of the apolipoprotein E gene. Hum Mutat. ; (): 
Bergeron-Sawitzke J, Gold B, Olsh A, et al. Multilocus analysis of age-related macular degeneration. Eur J Hum Genet. ; (): 
Francis PJ, Hamon SC, Ott J, et al. Polymorphisms in C2, CFB and C3 are associated with progression to advanced age-related macular degeneration associated with visual loss. J Med Genet. ; (): 
Baird PN, Richardson AJ, Robman LD, et al. Apolipoprotein (APOE) gene is associated with progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Hum Mutat. ; ():