void processElementContent(QName element) {
        // 1 If the item is ?valid? with respect to an element declaration as per Element Locally Valid (Element) (?3.3.4) and the {value constraint} is present, but clause 3.2 of Element Locally Valid (Element) (?3.3.4) above is not satisfied and the item has no element or character information item [children], then schema. Furthermore, the post-schema-validation infoset has the canonical lexical representation of the {value constraint} value as the item's [schema normalized value] property.
        if (fCurrentElemDecl != null
            && fCurrentElemDecl.fDefault != null
            && !fSawText
            && !fSubElement
            && !fNil) {

            String strv = fCurrentElemDecl.fDefault.stringValue();
            int bufLen = strv.length();
            if (fNormalizedStr.ch == null || fNormalizedStr.ch.length < bufLen) {
                fNormalizedStr.ch = new char[bufLen];
            }
            strv.getChars(0, bufLen, fNormalizedStr.ch, 0);
            fNormalizedStr.offset = 0;
            fNormalizedStr.length = bufLen;
            fDefaultValue = fNormalizedStr;
        }
        // fixed values are handled later, after xsi:type determined.

        fValidatedInfo.normalizedValue = null;

        // Element Locally Valid (Element)
        // 3.2.1 The element information item must have no character or element information item [children].
        if (fNil) {
            if (fSubElement || fSawText) {
                reportSchemaError(
                    "cvc-elt.3.2.1",
                    new Object[] {
                        element.rawname,
                        SchemaSymbols.URI_XSI + "," + SchemaSymbols.XSI_NIL });
            }
        }

        this.fValidatedInfo.reset();

        // 5 The appropriate case among the following must be true:
        // 5.1 If the declaration has a {value constraint}, the item has neither element nor character [children] and clause 3.2 has not applied, then all of the following must be true:
        if (fCurrentElemDecl != null
            && fCurrentElemDecl.getConstraintType() != XSConstants.VC_NONE
            && !fSubElement
            && !fSawText
            && !fNil) {
            // 5.1.1 If the actual type definition is a local type definition then the canonical lexical representation of the {value constraint} value must be a valid default for the actual type definition as defined in Element Default Valid (Immediate) (3.3.6).
            if (fCurrentType != fCurrentElemDecl.fType) {
                //REVISIT:we should pass ValidatedInfo here.
                if (XSConstraints
                    .ElementDefaultValidImmediate(
                        fCurrentType,
                        fCurrentElemDecl.fDefault.stringValue(),
                        fState4XsiType,
                        null)
                    == null)
                    reportSchemaError(
                        "cvc-elt.5.1.1",
                        new Object[] {
                            element.rawname,
                            fCurrentType.getName(),
                            fCurrentElemDecl.fDefault.stringValue()});
            }
            // 5.1.2 The element information item with the canonical lexical representation of the {value constraint} value used as its normalized value must be valid with respect to the actual type definition as defined by Element Locally Valid (Type) (3.3.4).
            // REVISIT: don't use toString, but validateActualValue instead
            //          use the fState4ApplyDefault
            elementLocallyValidType(element, fCurrentElemDecl.fDefault.stringValue());
        } else {
            // The following method call also deal with clause 1.2.2 of the constraint
            // Validation Rule: Schema-Validity Assessment (Element)

            // 5.2 If the declaration has no {value constraint} or the item has either element or character [children] or clause 3.2 has applied, then all of the following must be true:
            // 5.2.1 The element information item must be valid with respect to the actual type definition as defined by Element Locally Valid (Type) (3.3.4).
            Object actualValue = elementLocallyValidType(element, fBuffer);
            // 5.2.2 If there is a fixed {value constraint} and clause 3.2 has not applied, all of the following must be true:
            if (fCurrentElemDecl != null
                && fCurrentElemDecl.getConstraintType() == XSConstants.VC_FIXED
                && !fNil) {
                String content = fBuffer.toString();
                // 5.2.2.1 The element information item must have no element information item [children].
                if (fSubElement)
                    reportSchemaError("cvc-elt.5.2.2.1", new Object[] { element.rawname });
                // 5.2.2.2 The appropriate case among the following must be true:
                if (fCurrentType.getTypeCategory() == XSTypeDefinition.COMPLEX_TYPE) {
                    XSComplexTypeDecl ctype = (XSComplexTypeDecl) fCurrentType;
                    // 5.2.2.2.1 If the {content type} of the actual type definition is mixed, then the initial value of the item must match the canonical lexical representation of the {value constraint} value.
                    if (ctype.fContentType == XSComplexTypeDecl.CONTENTTYPE_MIXED) {
                        // REVISIT: how to get the initial value, does whiteSpace count?
                        if (!fCurrentElemDecl.fDefault.normalizedValue.equals(content))
                            reportSchemaError(
                                "cvc-elt.5.2.2.2.1",
                                new Object[] {
                                    element.rawname,
                                    content,
                                    fCurrentElemDecl.fDefault.normalizedValue });
                    }
                    // 5.2.2.2.2 If the {content type} of the actual type definition is a simple type definition, then the actual value of the item must match the canonical lexical representation of the {value constraint} value.
                    else if (ctype.fContentType == XSComplexTypeDecl.CONTENTTYPE_SIMPLE) {
                        if (actualValue != null && (!isComparable(fValidatedInfo, fCurrentElemDecl.fDefault)
                                || !actualValue.equals(fCurrentElemDecl.fDefault.actualValue))) {
                            reportSchemaError(
                                "cvc-elt.5.2.2.2.2",
                                new Object[] {
                                    element.rawname,
                                    content,
                                    fCurrentElemDecl.fDefault.stringValue()});
                        }
                    }
                } else if (fCurrentType.getTypeCategory() == XSTypeDefinition.SIMPLE_TYPE) {
                    if (actualValue != null && (!isComparable(fValidatedInfo, fCurrentElemDecl.fDefault)
                            || !actualValue.equals(fCurrentElemDecl.fDefault.actualValue))) {
                        // REVISIT: the spec didn't mention this case: fixed
                        //          value with simple type
                        reportSchemaError(
                            "cvc-elt.5.2.2.2.2",
                            new Object[] {
                                element.rawname,
                                content,
                                fCurrentElemDecl.fDefault.stringValue()});
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        if (fDefaultValue == null && fNormalizeData && fDocumentHandler != null && fUnionType) {
            // for union types we need to send data because we delayed sending
            // this data when we received it in the characters() call.
            String content = fValidatedInfo.normalizedValue;
            if (content == null)
                content = fBuffer.toString();

            int bufLen = content.length();
            if (fNormalizedStr.ch == null || fNormalizedStr.ch.length < bufLen) {
                fNormalizedStr.ch = new char[bufLen];
            }
            content.getChars(0, bufLen, fNormalizedStr.ch, 0);
            fNormalizedStr.offset = 0;
            fNormalizedStr.length = bufLen;
            fDocumentHandler.characters(fNormalizedStr, null);
        }
    }