private final Object[] resize( NonBlockingHashMap topmap, Object[] kvs) {
      assert chm(kvs) == this;

      // Check for resize already in progress, probably triggered by another thread
      Object[] newkvs = _newkvs; // VOLATILE READ
      if( newkvs != null )       // See if resize is already in progress
        return newkvs;           // Use the new table already

      // No copy in-progress, so start one.  First up: compute new table size.
      int oldlen = len(kvs);    // Old count of K,V pairs allowed
      int sz = size();          // Get current table count of active K,V pairs
      int newsz = sz;           // First size estimate

      // Heuristic to determine new size.  We expect plenty of dead-slots-with-keys
      // and we need some decent padding to avoid endless reprobing.
      if( sz >= (oldlen>>2) ) { // If we are >25% full of keys then...
        newsz = oldlen<<1;      // Double size
        if( sz >= (oldlen>>1) ) // If we are >50% full of keys then...
          newsz = oldlen<<2;    // Double double size
      }
      // This heuristic in the next 2 lines leads to a much denser table
      // with a higher reprobe rate
      //if( sz >= (oldlen>>1) ) // If we are >50% full of keys then...
      //  newsz = oldlen<<1;    // Double size

      // Last (re)size operation was very recent?  Then double again; slows
      // down resize operations for tables subject to a high key churn rate.
      long tm = System.currentTimeMillis();
      long q=0;
      if( newsz <= oldlen && // New table would shrink or hold steady?
          tm <= topmap._last_resize_milli+10000 && // Recent resize (less than 1 sec ago)
          (q=_slots.estimate_get()) >= (sz<<1) ) // 1/2 of keys are dead?
        newsz = oldlen<<1;      // Double the existing size

      // Do not shrink, ever
      if( newsz < oldlen ) newsz = oldlen;

      // Convert to power-of-2
      int log2;
      for( log2=MIN_SIZE_LOG; (1<<log2) < newsz; log2++ ) ; // Compute log2 of size

      // Now limit the number of threads actually allocating memory to a
      // handful - lest we have 750 threads all trying to allocate a giant
      // resized array.
      long r = _resizers;
      while( !_resizerUpdater.compareAndSet(this,r,r+1) )
        r = _resizers;
      // Size calculation: 2 words (K+V) per table entry, plus a handful.  We
      // guess at 32-bit pointers; 64-bit pointers screws up the size calc by
      // 2x but does not screw up the heuristic very much.
      int megs = ((((1<<log2)<<1)+4)<<3/*word to bytes*/)>>20/*megs*/;
      if( r >= 2 && megs > 0 ) { // Already 2 guys trying; wait and see
        newkvs = _newkvs;        // Between dorking around, another thread did it
        if( newkvs != null )     // See if resize is already in progress
          return newkvs;         // Use the new table already
        // TODO - use a wait with timeout, so we'll wakeup as soon as the new table
        // is ready, or after the timeout in any case.
        //synchronized( this ) { wait(8*megs); }         // Timeout - we always wakeup
        // For now, sleep a tad and see if the 2 guys already trying to make
        // the table actually get around to making it happen.
        try { Thread.sleep(8*megs); } catch( Exception e ) { }
      }
      // Last check, since the 'new' below is expensive and there is a chance
      // that another thread slipped in a new thread while we ran the heuristic.
      newkvs = _newkvs;
      if( newkvs != null )      // See if resize is already in progress
        return newkvs;          // Use the new table already

      // Double size for K,V pairs, add 1 for CHM
      newkvs = new Object[((1<<log2)<<1)+2]; // This can get expensive for big arrays
      newkvs[0] = new CHM(_size); // CHM in slot 0
      newkvs[1] = new int[1<<log2]; // hashes in slot 1

      // Another check after the slow allocation
      if( _newkvs != null )     // See if resize is already in progress
        return _newkvs;         // Use the new table already

      // The new table must be CAS'd in so only 1 winner amongst duplicate
      // racing resizing threads.  Extra CHM's will be GC'd.
      if( CAS_newkvs( newkvs ) ) { // NOW a resize-is-in-progress!
        //notifyAll();            // Wake up any sleepers
        //long nano = System.nanoTime();
        //System.out.println(" "+nano+" Resize from "+oldlen+" to "+(1<<log2)+" and had "+(_resizers-1)+" extras" );
        //if( System.out != null ) System.out.print("["+log2);
        topmap.rehash();        // Call for Hashtable's benefit
      } else                    // CAS failed?
        newkvs = _newkvs;       // Reread new table
      return newkvs;
    }