contract MiniMeToken is Controlled {

  string public name;                //The Token's name: e.g. DigixDAO Tokens
  uint8 public decimals;             //Number of decimals of the smallest unit
  string public symbol;              //An identifier: e.g. REP
  string public version = 'MMT_0.2'; //An arbitrary versioning scheme


  /// @dev `Checkpoint` is the structure that attaches a block number to a
  ///  given value, the block number attached is the one that last changed the
  ///  value
  struct  Checkpoint {

    // `fromBlock` is the block number that the value was generated from
    uint128 fromBlock;

    // `value` is the amount of tokens at a specific block number
    uint128 value;
  }

  // `parentToken` is the Token address that was cloned to produce this token;
  //  it will be 0x0 for a token that was not cloned
  MiniMeToken public parentToken;

  // `parentSnapShotBlock` is the block number from the Parent Token that was
  //  used to determine the initial distribution of the Clone Token
  uint public parentSnapShotBlock;

  // `creationBlock` is the block number that the Clone Token was created
  uint public creationBlock;

  // `balances` is the map that tracks the balance of each address, in this
  //  contract when the balance changes the block number that the change
  //  occurred is also included in the map
  mapping (address => Checkpoint[]) balances;

  // `allowed` tracks any extra transfer rights as in all ERC20 tokens
  mapping (address => mapping (address => uint256)) allowed;

  // Tracks the history of the `totalSupply` of the token
  Checkpoint[] totalSupplyHistory;

  // Flag that determines if the token is transferable or not.
  bool public transfersEnabled;

  // The factory used to create new clone tokens
  MiniMeTokenFactory public tokenFactory;

  ////////////////
  // Constructor
  ////////////////

  /// @notice Constructor to create a MiniMeToken
  /// @param _tokenFactory The address of the MiniMeTokenFactory contract that
  ///  will create the Clone token contracts, the token factory needs to be
  ///  deployed first
  /// @param _parentToken Address of the parent token, set to 0x0 if it is a
  ///  new token
  /// @param _parentSnapShotBlock Block of the parent token that will
  ///  determine the initial distribution of the clone token, set to 0 if it
  ///  is a new token
  /// @param _tokenName Name of the new token
  /// @param _decimalUnits Number of decimals of the new token
  /// @param _tokenSymbol Token Symbol for the new token
  /// @param _transfersEnabled If true, tokens will be able to be transferred
  function MiniMeToken(
    address _tokenFactory,
    address _parentToken,
    uint _parentSnapShotBlock,
    string _tokenName,
    uint8 _decimalUnits,
    string _tokenSymbol,
    bool _transfersEnabled
  ) public {
    tokenFactory = MiniMeTokenFactory(_tokenFactory);
    name = _tokenName;                                 // Set the name
    decimals = _decimalUnits;                          // Set the decimals
    symbol = _tokenSymbol;                             // Set the symbol
    parentToken = MiniMeToken(_parentToken);
    parentSnapShotBlock = _parentSnapShotBlock;
    transfersEnabled = _transfersEnabled;
    creationBlock = block.number;
  }


  ///////////////////
  // ERC20 Methods
  ///////////////////

  /// @notice Send `_amount` tokens to `_to` from `msg.sender`
  /// @param _to The address of the recipient
  /// @param _amount The amount of tokens to be transferred
  /// @return Whether the transfer was successful or not
  function transfer(address _to, uint256 _amount) public returns (bool success) {
    require(transfersEnabled);
    doTransfer(msg.sender, _to, _amount);
    return true;
  }

  /// @notice Send `_amount` tokens to `_to` from `_from` on the condition it
  ///  is approved by `_from`
  /// @param _from The address holding the tokens being transferred
  /// @param _to The address of the recipient
  /// @param _amount The amount of tokens to be transferred
  /// @return True if the transfer was successful
  function transferFrom(address _from, address _to, uint256 _amount
  ) public returns (bool success) {

    // The controller of this contract can move tokens around at will,
    //  this is important to recognize! Confirm that you trust the
    //  controller of this contract, which in most situations should be
    //  another open source smart contract or 0x0
    if (msg.sender != controller) {
      require(transfersEnabled);

      // The standard ERC 20 transferFrom functionality
      require(allowed[_from][msg.sender] >= _amount);
      allowed[_from][msg.sender] -= _amount;
    }
    doTransfer(_from, _to, _amount);
    return true;
  }

  /// @dev This is the actual transfer function in the token contract, it can
  ///  only be called by other functions in this contract.
  /// @param _from The address holding the tokens being transferred
  /// @param _to The address of the recipient
  /// @param _amount The amount of tokens to be transferred
  /// @return True if the transfer was successful
  function doTransfer(address _from, address _to, uint _amount
  ) internal {

    if (_amount == 0) {
      Transfer(_from, _to, _amount);    // Follow the spec to louch the event when transfer 0
      return;
    }

    require(parentSnapShotBlock < block.number);

    // Do not allow transfer to 0x0 or the token contract itself
    require((_to != 0) && (_to != address(this)));

    // If the amount being transfered is more than the balance of the
    //  account the transfer throws
    var previousBalanceFrom = balanceOfAt(_from, block.number);

    require(previousBalanceFrom >= _amount);

    // Alerts the token controller of the transfer
    if (isContract(controller)) {
      require(TokenController(controller).onTransfer(_from, _to, _amount));
    }

    // First update the balance array with the new value for the address
    //  sending the tokens
    updateValueAtNow(balances[_from], previousBalanceFrom - _amount);

    // Then update the balance array with the new value for the address
    //  receiving the tokens
    var previousBalanceTo = balanceOfAt(_to, block.number);
    require(previousBalanceTo + _amount >= previousBalanceTo); // Check for overflow
    updateValueAtNow(balances[_to], previousBalanceTo + _amount);

    // An event to make the transfer easy to find on the blockchain
    Transfer(_from, _to, _amount);

  }

  /// @param _owner The address that's balance is being requested
  /// @return The balance of `_owner` at the current block
  function balanceOf(address _owner) public constant returns (uint256 balance) {
    return balanceOfAt(_owner, block.number);
  }

  /// @notice `msg.sender` approves `_spender` to spend `_amount` tokens on
  ///  its behalf. This is a modified version of the ERC20 approve function
  ///  to be a little bit safer
  /// @param _spender The address of the account able to transfer the tokens
  /// @param _amount The amount of tokens to be approved for transfer
  /// @return True if the approval was successful
  function approve(address _spender, uint256 _amount) public returns (bool success) {
    require(transfersEnabled);

    // To change the approve amount you first have to reduce the addresses`
    //  allowance to zero by calling `approve(_spender,0)` if it is not
    //  already 0 to mitigate the race condition described here:
    //  https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/20#issuecomment-263524729
    require((_amount == 0) || (allowed[msg.sender][_spender] == 0));

    // Alerts the token controller of the approve function call
    if (isContract(controller)) {
      require(TokenController(controller).onApprove(msg.sender, _spender, _amount));
    }

    allowed[msg.sender][_spender] = _amount;
    Approval(msg.sender, _spender, _amount);
    return true;
  }

  /// @dev This function makes it easy to read the `allowed[]` map
  /// @param _owner The address of the account that owns the token
  /// @param _spender The address of the account able to transfer the tokens
  /// @return Amount of remaining tokens of _owner that _spender is allowed
  ///  to spend
  function allowance(address _owner, address _spender
  ) public constant returns (uint256 remaining) {
    return allowed[_owner][_spender];
  }

  /// @notice `msg.sender` approves `_spender` to send `_amount` tokens on
  ///  its behalf, and then a function is triggered in the contract that is
  ///  being approved, `_spender`. This allows users to use their tokens to
  ///  interact with contracts in one function call instead of two
  /// @param _spender The address of the contract able to transfer the tokens
  /// @param _amount The amount of tokens to be approved for transfer
  /// @return True if the function call was successful
  function approveAndCall(address _spender, uint256 _amount, bytes _extraData
  ) public returns (bool success) {
    require(approve(_spender, _amount));

    ApproveAndCallFallBack(_spender).receiveApproval(
      msg.sender,
      _amount,
      this,
      _extraData
    );

    return true;
  }

  /// @dev This function makes it easy to get the total number of tokens
  /// @return The total number of tokens
  function totalSupply() public constant returns (uint) {
    return totalSupplyAt(block.number);
  }


  ////////////////
  // Query balance and totalSupply in History
  ////////////////

  /// @dev Queries the balance of `_owner` at a specific `_blockNumber`
  /// @param _owner The address from which the balance will be retrieved
  /// @param _blockNumber The block number when the balance is queried
  /// @return The balance at `_blockNumber`
  function balanceOfAt(address _owner, uint _blockNumber) public constant
  returns (uint) {

    // These next few lines are used when the balance of the token is
    //  requested before a check point was ever created for this token, it
    //  requires that the `parentToken.balanceOfAt` be queried at the
    //  genesis block for that token as this contains initial balance of
    //  this token
    if ((balances[_owner].length == 0)
      || (balances[_owner][0].fromBlock > _blockNumber)) {
      if (address(parentToken) != 0) {
        return parentToken.balanceOfAt(_owner, min(_blockNumber, parentSnapShotBlock));
      } else {
        // Has no parent
        return 0;
      }

      // This will return the expected balance during normal situations
    } else {
      return getValueAt(balances[_owner], _blockNumber);
    }
  }

  /// @notice Total amount of tokens at a specific `_blockNumber`.
  /// @param _blockNumber The block number when the totalSupply is queried
  /// @return The total amount of tokens at `_blockNumber`
  function totalSupplyAt(uint _blockNumber) public constant returns(uint) {

    // These next few lines are used when the totalSupply of the token is
    //  requested before a check point was ever created for this token, it
    //  requires that the `parentToken.totalSupplyAt` be queried at the
    //  genesis block for this token as that contains totalSupply of this
    //  token at this block number.
    if ((totalSupplyHistory.length == 0)
      || (totalSupplyHistory[0].fromBlock > _blockNumber)) {
      if (address(parentToken) != 0) {
        return parentToken.totalSupplyAt(min(_blockNumber, parentSnapShotBlock));
      } else {
        return 0;
      }

      // This will return the expected totalSupply during normal situations
    } else {
      return getValueAt(totalSupplyHistory, _blockNumber);
    }
  }

  ////////////////
  // Clone Token Method
  ////////////////

  /// @notice Creates a new clone token with the initial distribution being
  ///  this token at `_snapshotBlock`
  /// @param _cloneTokenName Name of the clone token
  /// @param _cloneDecimalUnits Number of decimals of the smallest unit
  /// @param _cloneTokenSymbol Symbol of the clone token
  /// @param _snapshotBlock Block when the distribution of the parent token is
  ///  copied to set the initial distribution of the new clone token;
  ///  if the block is zero than the actual block, the current block is used
  /// @param _transfersEnabled True if transfers are allowed in the clone
  /// @return The address of the new MiniMeToken Contract
  function createCloneToken(
    string _cloneTokenName,
    uint8 _cloneDecimalUnits,
    string _cloneTokenSymbol,
    uint _snapshotBlock,
    bool _transfersEnabled
  ) public returns(address) {
    if (_snapshotBlock == 0) _snapshotBlock = block.number;
    MiniMeToken cloneToken = tokenFactory.createCloneToken(
      this,
      _snapshotBlock,
      _cloneTokenName,
      _cloneDecimalUnits,
      _cloneTokenSymbol,
      _transfersEnabled
    );

    cloneToken.changeController(msg.sender);

    // An event to make the token easy to find on the blockchain
    NewCloneToken(address(cloneToken), _snapshotBlock);
    return address(cloneToken);
  }

  ////////////////
  // Generate and destroy tokens
  ////////////////

  /// @notice Generates `_amount` tokens that are assigned to `_owner`
  /// @param _owner The address that will be assigned the new tokens
  /// @param _amount The quantity of tokens generated
  /// @return True if the tokens are generated correctly
  function generateTokens(address _owner, uint _amount
  ) public onlyController returns (bool) {
    uint curTotalSupply = totalSupply();
    require(curTotalSupply + _amount >= curTotalSupply); // Check for overflow
    uint previousBalanceTo = balanceOf(_owner);
    require(previousBalanceTo + _amount >= previousBalanceTo); // Check for overflow
    updateValueAtNow(totalSupplyHistory, curTotalSupply + _amount);
    updateValueAtNow(balances[_owner], previousBalanceTo + _amount);
    Transfer(0, _owner, _amount);
    return true;
  }


  /// @notice Burns `_amount` tokens from `_owner`
  /// @param _owner The address that will lose the tokens
  /// @param _amount The quantity of tokens to burn
  /// @return True if the tokens are burned correctly
  function destroyTokens(address _owner, uint _amount
  ) onlyController public returns (bool) {
    uint curTotalSupply = totalSupply();
    require(curTotalSupply >= _amount);
    uint previousBalanceFrom = balanceOf(_owner);
    require(previousBalanceFrom >= _amount);
    updateValueAtNow(totalSupplyHistory, curTotalSupply - _amount);
    updateValueAtNow(balances[_owner], previousBalanceFrom - _amount);
    Transfer(_owner, 0, _amount);
    return true;
  }

  ////////////////
  // Enable tokens transfers
  ////////////////


  /// @notice Enables token holders to transfer their tokens freely if true
  /// @param _transfersEnabled True if transfers are allowed in the clone
  function enableTransfers(bool _transfersEnabled) public onlyController {
    transfersEnabled = _transfersEnabled;
  }

  ////////////////
  // Internal helper functions to query and set a value in a snapshot array
  ////////////////

  /// @dev `getValueAt` retrieves the number of tokens at a given block number
  /// @param checkpoints The history of values being queried
  /// @param _block The block number to retrieve the value at
  /// @return The number of tokens being queried
  function getValueAt(Checkpoint[] storage checkpoints, uint _block
  ) constant internal returns (uint) {
    if (checkpoints.length == 0) return 0;

    // Shortcut for the actual value
    if (_block >= checkpoints[checkpoints.length-1].fromBlock)
      return checkpoints[checkpoints.length-1].value;
    if (_block < checkpoints[0].fromBlock) return 0;

    // Binary search of the value in the array
    uint min = 0;
    uint max = checkpoints.length-1;
    while (max > min) {
      uint mid = (max + min + 1)/ 2;
      if (checkpoints[mid].fromBlock<=_block) {
        min = mid;
      } else {
        max = mid-1;
      }
    }
    return checkpoints[min].value;
  }

  /// @dev `updateValueAtNow` used to update the `balances` map and the
  ///  `totalSupplyHistory`
  /// @param checkpoints The history of data being updated
  /// @param _value The new number of tokens
  function updateValueAtNow(Checkpoint[] storage checkpoints, uint _value
  ) internal  {
    if ((checkpoints.length == 0)
      || (checkpoints[checkpoints.length -1].fromBlock < block.number)) {
      Checkpoint storage newCheckPoint = checkpoints[ checkpoints.length++ ];
      newCheckPoint.fromBlock =  uint128(block.number);
      newCheckPoint.value = uint128(_value);
    } else {
      Checkpoint storage oldCheckPoint = checkpoints[checkpoints.length-1];
      oldCheckPoint.value = uint128(_value);
    }
  }

  /// @dev Internal function to determine if an address is a contract
  /// @param _addr The address being queried
  /// @return True if `_addr` is a contract
  function isContract(address _addr) constant internal returns(bool) {
    uint size;
    if (_addr == 0) return false;
    assembly {
      size := extcodesize(_addr)
    }
    return size>0;
  }

  /// @dev Helper function to return a min betwen the two uints
  function min(uint a, uint b) pure internal returns (uint) {
    return a < b ? a : b;
  }

  /// @notice The fallback function: If the contract's controller has not been
  ///  set to 0, then the `proxyPayment` method is called which relays the
  ///  ether and creates tokens as described in the token controller contract
  function () public payable {
    require(isContract(controller));
    require(TokenController(controller).proxyPayment.value(msg.value)(msg.sender));
  }

  //////////
  // Safety Methods
  //////////

  /// @notice This method can be used by the controller to extract mistakenly
  ///  sent tokens to this contract.
  /// @param _token The address of the token contract that you want to recover
  ///  set to 0 in case you want to extract ether.
  function claimTokens(address _token) public onlyController {
    if (_token == 0x0) {
      controller.transfer(this.balance);
      return;
    }

    MiniMeToken token = MiniMeToken(_token);
    uint balance = token.balanceOf(this);
    token.transfer(controller, balance);
    ClaimedTokens(_token, controller, balance);
  }

  ////////////////
  // Events
  ////////////////
  event ClaimedTokens(address indexed _token, address indexed _controller, uint _amount);
  event Transfer(address indexed _from, address indexed _to, uint256 _amount);
  event NewCloneToken(address indexed _cloneToken, uint _snapshotBlock);
  event Approval(
    address indexed _owner,
    address indexed _spender,
    uint256 _amount
  );

}
/// @dev The actual token contract, the default controller is the msg.sender
///  that deploys the contract, so usually this token will be deployed by a
///  token controller contract, which Giveth will call a "Campaign"
function claimTokens(address _token) public onlyController {
  if (_token == 0x0) {
    controller.transfer(this.balance);
    return;
  }

  MiniMeToken token = MiniMeToken(_token);
  uint balance = token.balanceOf(this);
  token.transfer(controller, balance);
  ClaimedTokens(_token, controller, balance);
}

//////////
/// @notice This method can be used by the controller to extract mistakenly
///  sent tokens to this contract.
/// @param _token The address of the token contract that you want to recover
///  set to 0 in case you want to extract ether.