contract LiquidPledging is LiquidPledgingBase {


//////
// Constructor
//////

    /// @notice Basic constructor for LiquidPleding, also calls the
    ///  LiquidPledgingBase contract
    /// @dev This constructor  also calls the constructor 
    ///  for `LiquidPledgingBase`
    /// @param _vault The vault where ETH backing this pledge is stored
    function LiquidPledging(
        address _vault,
        address _escapeHatchCaller,
        address _escapeHatchDestination
    ) LiquidPledgingBase(_vault, _escapeHatchCaller, _escapeHatchDestination) {

    }

    /// @notice This is how value enters into the system which creates pledges;
    ///  the token of value goes into the vault and the amount in the pledge
    ///  relevant to this Giver without delegates is increased, and a normal
    ///  transfer is done to the idReceiver
    /// @param idGiver Identifier of the giver thats donating.
    /// @param idReceiver To whom it's transfered. Can be the same giver,
    ///  another giver, a delegate or a project.
    function donate(uint64 idGiver, uint64 idReceiver) payable {
        if (idGiver == 0) {
            // default to 3 day commitTime
            idGiver = addGiver("", "", 259200, ILiquidPledgingPlugin(0x0));
        }

        PledgeAdmin storage sender = findAdmin(idGiver);

        checkAdminOwner(sender);

        require(sender.adminType == PledgeAdminType.Giver);

        uint amount = msg.value;

        require(amount > 0);

        vault.transfer(amount); // transfers the baseToken to the Vault
        uint64 idPledge = findOrCreatePledge(
            idGiver,
            new uint64[](0), //what is new?
            0,
            0,
            0,
            PledgeState.Pledged
        );


        Pledge storage nTo = findPledge(idPledge);
        nTo.amount += amount;

        Transfer(0, idPledge, amount);

        transfer(idGiver, idPledge, amount, idReceiver);
    }


    /// @notice Moves value between pledges
    /// @param idSender ID of the giver, delegate or project admin that is 
    ///  transferring the funds from Pledge to Pledge; this admin must have 
    ///  permissions to move the value
    /// @param idPledge Id of the pledge that's moving the value
    /// @param amount Quantity of value that's being moved
    /// @param idReceiver Destination of the value, can be a giver sending to 
    ///  a giver or a delegate, a delegate to another delegate or a project 
    ///  to pre-commit it to that project if called from a delegate,
    ///  or to commit it to the project if called from the owner. 
    function transfer(
        uint64 idSender,
        uint64 idPledge,
        uint amount,
        uint64 idReceiver
    )
    {

        idPledge = normalizePledge(idPledge);

        Pledge storage p = findPledge(idPledge);
        PledgeAdmin storage receiver = findAdmin(idReceiver);
        PledgeAdmin storage sender = findAdmin(idSender);

        checkAdminOwner(sender);
        require(p.pledgeState == PledgeState.Pledged);

        // If the sender is the owner
        if (p.owner == idSender) {
            if (receiver.adminType == PledgeAdminType.Giver) {
                transferOwnershipToGiver(idPledge, amount, idReceiver);
            } else if (receiver.adminType == PledgeAdminType.Project) {
                transferOwnershipToProject(idPledge, amount, idReceiver);
            } else if (receiver.adminType == PledgeAdminType.Delegate) {
                idPledge = undelegate(
                    idPledge,
                    amount,
                    p.delegationChain.length
                );
                appendDelegate(idPledge, amount, idReceiver);
            } else {
                assert(false);
            }
            return;
        }

        // If the sender is a delegate
        uint senderDIdx = getDelegateIdx(p, idSender);
        if (senderDIdx != NOTFOUND) {

            // If the receiver is another giver
            if (receiver.adminType == PledgeAdminType.Giver) {
                // Only accept to change to the original giver to
                // remove all delegates
                assert(p.owner == idReceiver);
                undelegate(idPledge, amount, p.delegationChain.length);
                return;
            }

            // If the receiver is another delegate
            if (receiver.adminType == PledgeAdminType.Delegate) {
                uint receiverDIdx = getDelegateIdx(p, idReceiver);

                // If the receiver is not in the delegate list
                if (receiverDIdx == NOTFOUND) {
                    idPledge = undelegate(
                        idPledge,
                        amount,
                        p.delegationChain.length - senderDIdx - 1
                    );
                    appendDelegate(idPledge, amount, idReceiver);

                // If the receiver is already part of the delegate chain and is
                // after the sender, then all of the other delegates after the
                // sender are removed and the receiver is appended at the
                // end of the delegation chain
                } else if (receiverDIdx > senderDIdx) {
                    idPledge = undelegate(
                        idPledge,
                        amount,
                        p.delegationChain.length - senderDIdx - 1
                    );
                    appendDelegate(idPledge, amount, idReceiver);

                // If the receiver is already part of the delegate chain and is
                // before the sender, then the sender and all of the other
                // delegates after the RECEIVER are removed from the chain,
                // this is interesting because the delegate is removed from the
                // delegates that delegated to this delegate. Are there game theory
                // issues? should this be allowed?
                } else if (receiverDIdx <= senderDIdx) {
                    undelegate(
                        idPledge,
                        amount,
                        p.delegationChain.length - receiverDIdx - 1
                    );
                }
                return;
            }

            // If the delegate wants to support a project, they remove all
            // the delegates after them in the chain and choose a project
            if (receiver.adminType == PledgeAdminType.Project) {
                idPledge = undelegate(
                    idPledge,
                    amount,
                    p.delegationChain.length - senderDIdx - 1
                );
                proposeAssignProject(idPledge, amount, idReceiver);
                return;
            }
        }
        assert(false);  // It is not the owner nor any delegate.
    }

    /// @notice This method is used to withdraw value from the system.
    ///  This can be used by the givers withdraw any un-commited donations.
    /// @param idPledge Id of the pledge that wants to be withdrawn.
    /// @param amount Quantity of Ether that wants to be withdrawn.
    function withdraw(uint64 idPledge, uint amount) {

        idPledge = normalizePledge(idPledge);

        Pledge storage p = findPledge(idPledge);

        require(p.pledgeState == PledgeState.Pledged);

        PledgeAdmin storage owner = findAdmin(p.owner);

        checkAdminOwner(owner);

        uint64 idNewPledge = findOrCreatePledge(
            p.owner,
            p.delegationChain,
            0,
            0,
            p.oldPledge,
            PledgeState.Paying
        );

        doTransfer(idPledge, idNewPledge, amount);

        vault.authorizePayment(bytes32(idNewPledge), owner.addr, amount);
    }

    /// @notice Method called by the vault to confirm a payment.
    /// @param idPledge Id of the pledge that wants to be withdrawn.
    /// @param amount Quantity of Ether that wants to be withdrawn.
    function confirmPayment(uint64 idPledge, uint amount) onlyVault {
        Pledge storage p = findPledge(idPledge);

        require(p.pledgeState == PledgeState.Paying);

        uint64 idNewPledge = findOrCreatePledge(
            p.owner,
            p.delegationChain,
            0,
            0,
            p.oldPledge,
            PledgeState.Paid
        );

        doTransfer(idPledge, idNewPledge, amount);
    }

    /// @notice Method called by the vault to cancel a payment.
    /// @param idPledge Id of the pledge that wants to be canceled for withdraw.
    /// @param amount Quantity of Ether that wants to be rolled back.
    function cancelPayment(uint64 idPledge, uint amount) onlyVault {
        Pledge storage p = findPledge(idPledge);

        require(p.pledgeState == PledgeState.Paying); //TODO change to revert

        // When a payment is canceled, never is assigned to a project.
        uint64 oldPledge = findOrCreatePledge(
            p.owner,
            p.delegationChain,
            0,
            0,
            p.oldPledge,
            PledgeState.Pledged
        );

        oldPledge = normalizePledge(oldPledge);

        doTransfer(idPledge, oldPledge, amount);
    }

    /// @notice Method called to cancel this project.
    /// @param idProject Id of the projct that wants to be canceled.
    function cancelProject(uint64 idProject) {
        PledgeAdmin storage project = findAdmin(idProject);
        checkAdminOwner(project);
        project.canceled = true;

        CancelProject(idProject);
    }

    /// @notice Method called to cancel specific pledge.
    /// @param idPledge Id of the pledge that should be canceled.
    /// @param amount Quantity of Ether that wants to be rolled back.
    function cancelPledge(uint64 idPledge, uint amount) {
        idPledge = normalizePledge(idPledge);

        Pledge storage p = findPledge(idPledge);
        require(p.oldPledge != 0);

        PledgeAdmin storage m = findAdmin(p.owner);
        checkAdminOwner(m);

        uint64 oldPledge = getOldestPledgeNotCanceled(p.oldPledge);
        doTransfer(idPledge, oldPledge, amount);
    }


////////
// Multi pledge methods
////////

    // @dev This set of functions makes moving a lot of pledges around much more
    // efficient (saves gas) than calling these functions in series
    
    
    /// Bit mask used for dividing pledge amounts in Multi pledge methods
    uint constant D64 = 0x10000000000000000;

    /// @notice `mTransfer` allows for multiple pledges to be transferred
    ///  efficiently
    /// @param idSender ID of the giver, delegate or project admin that is
    ///  transferring the funds from Pledge to Pledge. This admin must have 
    ///  permissions to move the value
    /// @param pledgesAmounts An array of pledge amounts and IDs which are extrapolated
    ///  using the D64 bitmask
    /// @param idReceiver Destination of the value, can be a giver sending
    ///  to a giver or a delegate or a delegate to another delegate or a
    ///  project to pre-commit it to that project
    function mTransfer(
        uint64 idSender,
        uint[] pledgesAmounts,
        uint64 idReceiver
    ) {
        for (uint i = 0; i < pledgesAmounts.length; i++ ) {
            uint64 idPledge = uint64( pledgesAmounts[i] & (D64-1) );
            uint amount = pledgesAmounts[i] / D64;

            transfer(idSender, idPledge, amount, idReceiver);
        }
    }

    /// @notice `mWithdraw` allows for multiple pledges to be
    ///  withdrawn efficiently
    /// @param pledgesAmounts An array of pledge amounts and IDs which are
    ///  extrapolated using the D64 bitmask
    function mWithdraw(uint[] pledgesAmounts) {
        for (uint i = 0; i < pledgesAmounts.length; i++ ) {
            uint64 idPledge = uint64( pledgesAmounts[i] & (D64-1) );
            uint amount = pledgesAmounts[i] / D64;

            withdraw(idPledge, amount);
        }
    }

    /// @notice `mConfirmPayment` allows for multiple pledges to be confirmed
    ///  efficiently
    /// @param pledgesAmounts An array of pledge amounts and IDs which are extrapolated
    ///  using the D64 bitmask
    function mConfirmPayment(uint[] pledgesAmounts) {
        for (uint i = 0; i < pledgesAmounts.length; i++ ) {
            uint64 idPledge = uint64( pledgesAmounts[i] & (D64-1) );
            uint amount = pledgesAmounts[i] / D64;

            confirmPayment(idPledge, amount);
        }
    }

    /// @notice `mCancelPayment` allows for multiple pledges to be canceled
    ///  efficiently
    /// @param pledgesAmounts An array of pledge amounts and IDs which are extrapolated
    ///  using the D64 bitmask
    function mCancelPayment(uint[] pledgesAmounts) {
        for (uint i = 0; i < pledgesAmounts.length; i++ ) {
            uint64 idPledge = uint64( pledgesAmounts[i] & (D64-1) );
            uint amount = pledgesAmounts[i] / D64;

            cancelPayment(idPledge, amount);
        }
    }

    /// @notice `mNormalizePledge` allows for multiple pledges to be
    ///  normalized efficiently
    /// @param pledges An array of pledge IDs
    function mNormalizePledge(uint64[] pledges) {
        for (uint i = 0; i < pledges.length; i++ ) {
            normalizePledge( pledges[i] );
        }
    }

////////
// Private methods
///////

    /// @notice `transferOwnershipToProject` allows for the transfer of
    ///  ownership to the project, but it can also be called by a project
    ///  to un-delegate everyone by setting one's own id for the idReceiver
    /// @param idPledge Id of the pledge to be transfered.
    /// @param amount Quantity of value that's being transfered
    /// @param idReceiver The new owner of the project (or self to un-delegate)
    function transferOwnershipToProject(
        uint64 idPledge,
        uint amount,
        uint64 idReceiver
    ) internal {
        Pledge storage p = findPledge(idPledge);

        // Ensure that the pledge is not already at max pledge depth
        // and the project has not been canceled
        require(getPledgeLevel(p) < MAX_INTERPROJECT_LEVEL);
        require(!isProjectCanceled(idReceiver));

        uint64 oldPledge = findOrCreatePledge(
            p.owner,
            p.delegationChain,
            0,
            0,
            p.oldPledge,
            PledgeState.Pledged
        );
        uint64 toPledge = findOrCreatePledge(
            idReceiver,                     // Set the new owner
            new uint64[](0),                // clear the delegation chain
            0,
            0,
            oldPledge,
            PledgeState.Pledged
        );
        doTransfer(idPledge, toPledge, amount);
    }   


    /// @notice `transferOwnershipToGiver` allows for the transfer of
    ///  value back to the Giver, value is placed in a pledged state
    ///  without being attached to a project, delegation chain, or time line.
    /// @param idPledge Id of the pledge to be transfered.
    /// @param amount Quantity of value that's being transfered
    /// @param idReceiver The new owner of the pledge
    function transferOwnershipToGiver(
        uint64 idPledge,
        uint amount,
        uint64 idReceiver
    ) internal {
        uint64 toPledge = findOrCreatePledge(
            idReceiver,
            new uint64[](0),
            0,
            0,
            0,
            PledgeState.Pledged
        );
        doTransfer(idPledge, toPledge, amount);
    }

    /// @notice `appendDelegate` allows for a delegate to be added onto the
    ///  end of the delegate chain for a given Pledge.
    /// @param idPledge Id of the pledge thats delegate chain will be modified.
    /// @param amount Quantity of value that's being chained.
    /// @param idReceiver The delegate to be added at the end of the chain
    function appendDelegate(
        uint64 idPledge,
        uint amount,
        uint64 idReceiver
    ) internal {
        Pledge storage p = findPledge(idPledge);

        require(p.delegationChain.length < MAX_DELEGATES);
        uint64[] memory newDelegationChain = new uint64[](
            p.delegationChain.length + 1
        );
        for (uint i = 0; i<p.delegationChain.length; i++) {
            newDelegationChain[i] = p.delegationChain[i];
        }

        // Make the last item in the array the idReceiver
        newDelegationChain[p.delegationChain.length] = idReceiver;

        uint64 toPledge = findOrCreatePledge(
            p.owner,
            newDelegationChain,
            0,
            0,
            p.oldPledge,
            PledgeState.Pledged
        );
        doTransfer(idPledge, toPledge, amount);
    }

    /// @notice `appendDelegate` allows for a delegate to be added onto the
    ///  end of the delegate chain for a given Pledge.
    /// @param idPledge Id of the pledge thats delegate chain will be modified.
    /// @param amount Quantity of value that's shifted from delegates.
    /// @param q Number (or depth) to remove as delegates
    function undelegate(
        uint64 idPledge,
        uint amount,
        uint q
    ) internal returns (uint64){
        Pledge storage p = findPledge(idPledge);
        uint64[] memory newDelegationChain = new uint64[](
            p.delegationChain.length - q
        );
        for (uint i=0; i<p.delegationChain.length - q; i++) {
            newDelegationChain[i] = p.delegationChain[i];
        }
        uint64 toPledge = findOrCreatePledge(
            p.owner,
            newDelegationChain,
            0,
            0,
            p.oldPledge,
            PledgeState.Pledged
        );
        doTransfer(idPledge, toPledge, amount);

        return toPledge;
    }

    /// @notice `proposeAssignProject` proposes the assignment of a pledge
    ///  to a specific project.
    /// @dev This function should potentially be named more specifically.
    /// @param idPledge Id of the pledge that will be assigned.
    /// @param amount Quantity of value this pledge leader would be assigned.
    /// @param idReceiver The project this pledge will potentially 
    ///  be assigned to.
    function proposeAssignProject(
        uint64 idPledge,
        uint amount,
        uint64 idReceiver
    ) internal {
        Pledge storage p = findPledge(idPledge);

        require(getPledgeLevel(p) < MAX_INTERPROJECT_LEVEL);
        require(!isProjectCanceled(idReceiver));

        uint64 toPledge = findOrCreatePledge(
            p.owner,
            p.delegationChain,
            idReceiver,
            uint64(getTime() + maxCommitTime(p)),
            p.oldPledge,
            PledgeState.Pledged
        );
        doTransfer(idPledge, toPledge, amount);
    }

    /// @notice `doTransfer` is designed to allow for pledge amounts to be 
    ///  shifted around internally.
    /// @param from This is the Id from which value will be transfered.
    /// @param to This is the Id that value will be transfered to.
    /// @param _amount The amount of value that will be transfered.
    function doTransfer(uint64 from, uint64 to, uint _amount) internal {
        uint amount = callPlugins(true, from, to, _amount);
        if (from == to) { 
            return;
        }
        if (amount == 0) {
            return;
        }
        Pledge storage nFrom = findPledge(from);
        Pledge storage nTo = findPledge(to);
        require(nFrom.amount >= amount);
        nFrom.amount -= amount;
        nTo.amount += amount;

        Transfer(from, to, amount);
        callPlugins(false, from, to, amount);
    }

    /// @notice `normalizePledge` only affects pledges with the Pledged PledgeState
    /// and does 2 things:
    ///   #1: Checks if the pledge should be committed. This means that
    ///       if the pledge has an intendedProject and it is past the
    ///       commitTime, it changes the owner to be the proposed project
    ///       (The UI will have to read the commit time and manually do what
    ///       this function does to the pledge for the end user
    ///       at the expiration of the commitTime)
    ///
    ///   #2: Checks to make sure that if there has been a cancellation in the
    ///       chain of projects, the pledge's owner has been changed
    ///       appropriately.
    ///
    /// This function can be called by anybody at anytime on any pledge.
    /// In general it can be called to force the calls of the affected 
    /// plugins, which also need to be predicted by the UI
    /// @param idPledge This is the id of the pledge that will be normalized
    function normalizePledge(uint64 idPledge) returns(uint64) {

        Pledge storage p = findPledge(idPledge);

        // Check to make sure this pledge hasn't already been used 
        // or is in the process of being used
        if (p.pledgeState != PledgeState.Pledged) {
            return idPledge;
        }

        // First send to a project if it's proposed and committed
        if ((p.intendedProject > 0) && ( getTime() > p.commitTime)) {
            uint64 oldPledge = findOrCreatePledge(
                p.owner,
                p.delegationChain,
                0,
                0,
                p.oldPledge,
                PledgeState.Pledged
            );
            uint64 toPledge = findOrCreatePledge(
                p.intendedProject,
                new uint64[](0),
                0,
                0,
                oldPledge,
                PledgeState.Pledged
            );
            doTransfer(idPledge, toPledge, p.amount);
            idPledge = toPledge;
            p = findPledge(idPledge);
        }

        toPledge = getOldestPledgeNotCanceled(idPledge);
        if (toPledge != idPledge) {
            doTransfer(idPledge, toPledge, p.amount);
        }

        return toPledge;
    }

/////////////
// Plugins
/////////////

    /// @notice `callPlugin` is used to trigger the general functions in the
    ///  plugin for any actions needed before and after a transfer happens.
    ///  Specifically what this does in relation to the plugin is something
    ///  that largely depends on the functions of that plugin. This function
    ///  is generally called in pairs, once before, and once after a transfer.
    /// @param before This toggle determines whether the plugin call is occurring
    ///  before or after a transfer.
    /// @param adminId This should be the Id of the *trusted* individual
    ///  who has control over this plugin.
    /// @param fromPledge This is the Id from which value is being transfered.
    /// @param toPledge This is the Id that value is being transfered to.
    /// @param context The situation that is triggering the plugin. See plugin
    ///  for a full description of contexts.
    /// @param amount The amount of value that is being transfered.
    function callPlugin(
        bool before,
        uint64 adminId,
        uint64 fromPledge,
        uint64 toPledge,
        uint64 context,
        uint amount
    ) internal returns (uint allowedAmount) {

        uint newAmount;
        allowedAmount = amount;
        PledgeAdmin storage admin = findAdmin(adminId);
        // Checks admin has a plugin assigned and a non-zero amount is requested
        if ((address(admin.plugin) != 0) && (allowedAmount > 0)) {
            // There are two seperate functions called in the plugin.
            // One is called before the transfer and one after
            if (before) {
                newAmount = admin.plugin.beforeTransfer(
                    adminId,
                    fromPledge,
                    toPledge,
                    context,
                    amount
                );
                require(newAmount <= allowedAmount);
                allowedAmount = newAmount;
            } else {
                admin.plugin.afterTransfer(
                    adminId,
                    fromPledge,
                    toPledge,
                    context,
                    amount
                );
            }
        }
    }

    /// @notice `callPluginsPledge` is used to apply plugin calls to
    ///  the delegate chain and the intended project if there is one.
    ///  It does so in either a transferring or receiving context based
    ///  on the `idPledge` and  `fromPledge` parameters.
    /// @param before This toggle determines whether the plugin call is occuring
    ///  before or after a transfer.
    /// @param idPledge This is the Id of the pledge on which this plugin
    ///  is being called.
    /// @param fromPledge This is the Id from which value is being transfered.
    /// @param toPledge This is the Id that value is being transfered to.
    /// @param amount The amount of value that is being transfered.
    function callPluginsPledge(
        bool before,
        uint64 idPledge,
        uint64 fromPledge,
        uint64 toPledge,
        uint amount
    ) internal returns (uint allowedAmount) {
        // Determine if callPlugin is being applied in a receiving
        // or transferring context
        uint64 offset = idPledge == fromPledge ? 0 : 256;
        allowedAmount = amount;
        Pledge storage p = findPledge(idPledge);

        // Always call the plugin on the owner
        allowedAmount = callPlugin(
            before,
            p.owner,
            fromPledge,
            toPledge,
            offset,
            allowedAmount
        );

        // Apply call plugin to all delegates
        for (uint64 i=0; i<p.delegationChain.length; i++) {
            allowedAmount = callPlugin(
                before,
                p.delegationChain[i],
                fromPledge,
                toPledge,
                offset + i+1,
                allowedAmount
            );
        }

        // If there is an intended project also call the plugin in
        // either a transferring or receiving context based on offset
        // on the intended project
        if (p.intendedProject > 0) {
            allowedAmount = callPlugin(
                before,
                p.intendedProject,
                fromPledge,
                toPledge,
                offset + 255,
                allowedAmount
            );
        }
    }


    /// @notice `callPlugins` calls `callPluginsPledge` once for the transfer
    ///  context and once for the receiving context. The aggregated 
    ///  allowed amount is then returned.
    /// @param before This toggle determines whether the plugin call is occurring
    ///  before or after a transfer.
    /// @param fromPledge This is the Id from which value is being transferred.
    /// @param toPledge This is the Id that value is being transferred to.
    /// @param amount The amount of value that is being transferred.
    function callPlugins(
        bool before,
        uint64 fromPledge,
        uint64 toPledge,
        uint amount
    ) internal returns (uint allowedAmount) {
        allowedAmount = amount;

        // Call the pledges plugins in the transfer context
        allowedAmount = callPluginsPledge(
            before,
            fromPledge,
            fromPledge,
            toPledge,
            allowedAmount
        );

        // Call the pledges plugins in the receive context
        allowedAmount = callPluginsPledge(
            before,
            toPledge,
            fromPledge,
            toPledge,
            allowedAmount
        );
    }

/////////////
// Test functions
/////////////

    /// @notice Basic helper function to return the current time
    function getTime() internal returns (uint) {
        return now;
    }

    // Event Delcerations
    event Transfer(uint64 indexed from, uint64 indexed to, uint amount);
    event CancelProject(uint64 indexed idProject);

}
/// @dev `LiquidPleding` allows for liquid pledging through the use of
///  internal id structures and delegate chaining. All basic operations for
///  handling liquid pledging are supplied as well as plugin features
///  to allow for expanded functionality.
function mTransfer(
    uint64 idSender,
    uint[] pledgesAmounts,
    uint64 idReceiver
) {
    for (uint i = 0; i < pledgesAmounts.length; i++ ) {
        uint64 idPledge = uint64( pledgesAmounts[i] & (D64-1) );
        uint amount = pledgesAmounts[i] / D64;

        transfer(idSender, idPledge, amount, idReceiver);
    }
}

/// @notice `mTransfer` allows for multiple pledges to be transferred
///  efficiently
/// @param idSender ID of the giver, delegate or project admin that is
///  transferring the funds from Pledge to Pledge. This admin must have 
///  permissions to move the value
/// @param pledgesAmounts An array of pledge amounts and IDs which are extrapolated
///  using the D64 bitmask
/// @param idReceiver Destination of the value, can be a giver sending
///  to a giver or a delegate or a delegate to another delegate or a
///  project to pre-commit it to that project