library Address {
        /**
        * @dev Returns true if `account` is a contract.
        *
        * [IMPORTANT]
        * ====
        * It is unsafe to assume that an address for which this function returns
        * false is an externally-owned account (EOA) and not a contract.
        *
        * Among others, `isContract` will return false for the following
        * types of addresses:
        *
        *  - an externally-owned account
        *  - a contract in construction
        *  - an address where a contract will be created
        *  - an address where a contract lived, but was destroyed
        * ====
        */
        function isContract(address account) internal view returns (bool) {
            // According to EIP-1052, 0x0 is the value returned for not-yet created accounts
            // and 0xc5d2460186f7233c927e7db2dcc703c0e500b653ca82273b7bfad8045d85a470 is returned
            // for accounts without code, i.e. `keccak256('')`
            bytes32 codehash;


                bytes32 accountHash
            = 0xc5d2460186f7233c927e7db2dcc703c0e500b653ca82273b7bfad8045d85a470;
            // solhint-disable-next-line no-inline-assembly
            assembly {
                codehash := extcodehash(account)
            }
            return (codehash != accountHash && codehash != 0x0);
        }

        /**
        * @dev Replacement for Solidity's `transfer`: sends `amount` wei to
        * `recipient`, forwarding all available gas and reverting on errors.
        *
        * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1884[EIP1884] increases the gas cost
        * of certain opcodes, possibly making contracts go over the 2300 gas limit
        * imposed by `transfer`, making them unable to receive funds via
        * `transfer`. {sendValue} removes this limitation.
        *
        * https://diligence.consensys.net/posts/2019/09/stop-using-soliditys-transfer-now/[Learn more].
        *
        * IMPORTANT: because control is transferred to `recipient`, care must be
        * taken to not create reentrancy vulnerabilities. Consider using
        * {ReentrancyGuard} or the
        * https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/v0.5.11/security-considerations.html#use-the-checks-effects-interactions-pattern[checks-effects-interactions pattern].
        */
        function sendValue(address payable recipient, uint256 amount) internal {
            require(
                address(this).balance >= amount,
                "Address: insufficient balance"
            );

            // solhint-disable-next-line avoid-low-level-calls, avoid-call-value
            (bool success, ) = recipient.call{value: amount}("");
            require(
                success,
                "Address: unable to send value, recipient may have reverted"
            );
        }

        /**
        * @dev Performs a Solidity function call using a low level `call`. A
        * plain`call` is an unsafe replacement for a function call: use this
        * function instead.
        *
        * If `target` reverts with a revert reason, it is bubbled up by this
        * function (like regular Solidity function calls).
        *
        * Returns the raw returned data. To convert to the expected return value,
        * use https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/units-and-global-variables.html?highlight=abi.decode#abi-encoding-and-decoding-functions[`abi.decode`].
        *
        * Requirements:
        *
        * - `target` must be a contract.
        * - calling `target` with `data` must not revert.
        *
        * _Available since v3.1._
        */
        function functionCall(address target, bytes memory data)
            internal
            returns (bytes memory)
        {
            return functionCall(target, data, "Address: low-level call failed");
        }

        /**
        * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`], but with
        * `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
        *
        * _Available since v3.1._
        */
        function functionCall(
            address target,
            bytes memory data,
            string memory errorMessage
        ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
            return _functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, errorMessage);
        }

        /**
        * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
        * but also transferring `value` wei to `target`.
        *
        * Requirements:
        *
        * - the calling contract must have an ETH balance of at least `value`.
        * - the called Solidity function must be `payable`.
        *
        * _Available since v3.1._
        */
        function functionCallWithValue(
            address target,
            bytes memory data,
            uint256 value
        ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
            return
                functionCallWithValue(
                    target,
                    data,
                    value,
                    "Address: low-level call with value failed"
                );
        }

        /**
        * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCallWithValue-address-bytes-uint256-}[`functionCallWithValue`], but
        * with `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
        *
        * _Available since v3.1._
        */
        function functionCallWithValue(
            address target,
            bytes memory data,
            uint256 value,
            string memory errorMessage
        ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
            require(
                address(this).balance >= value,
                "Address: insufficient balance for call"
            );
            return _functionCallWithValue(target, data, value, errorMessage);
        }

        function _functionCallWithValue(
            address target,
            bytes memory data,
            uint256 weiValue,
            string memory errorMessage
        ) private returns (bytes memory) {
            require(isContract(target), "Address: call to non-contract");

            // solhint-disable-next-line avoid-low-level-calls
            (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.call{value: weiValue}(
                data
            );
            if (success) {
                return returndata;
            } else {
                // Look for revert reason and bubble it up if present
                if (returndata.length > 0) {
                    // The easiest way to bubble the revert reason is using memory via assembly

                    // solhint-disable-next-line no-inline-assembly
                    assembly {
                        let returndata_size := mload(returndata)
                        revert(add(32, returndata), returndata_size)
                    }
                } else {
                    revert(errorMessage);
                }
            }
        }
    }
/**
 * @dev Collection of functions related to the address type
 */
function functionCall(
    address target,
    bytes memory data,
    string memory errorMessage
) internal returns (bytes memory) {
    return _functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, errorMessage);
}

/**
 * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`], but with
 * `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
 *
 * _Available since v3.1._
 */