contract ERC20 is IERC20 {
using SafeMath for uint256;

mapping (address => uint256) private _balances;

mapping (address => mapping (address => uint256)) private _allowed;

uint256 private _totalSupply;

/**
* @dev Total number of tokens in existence
*/
function totalSupply() public view returns (uint256) {
return _totalSupply;
}

/**
* @dev Gets the balance of the specified address.
* @param owner The address to query the balance of.
* @return An uint256 representing the amount owned by the passed address.
*/
function balanceOf(address owner) public view returns (uint256) {
return _balances[owner];
}

/**
* @dev Function to check the amount of tokens that an owner allowed to a spender.
* @param owner address The address which owns the funds.
* @param spender address The address which will spend the funds.
* @return A uint256 specifying the amount of tokens still available for the spender.
*/
function allowance(address owner, address spender) public view returns (uint256) {
return _allowed[owner][spender];
}

/**
* @dev Transfer token for a specified address
* @param to The address to transfer to.
* @param value The amount to be transferred.
*/
function transfer(address to, uint256 value) public returns (bool) {
_transfer(msg.sender, to, value);
return true;
}

/**
* @dev Approve the passed address to spend the specified amount of tokens on behalf of msg.sender.
* Beware that changing an allowance with this method brings the risk that someone may use both the old
* and the new allowance by unfortunate transaction ordering. One possible solution to mitigate this
* race condition is to first reduce the spender's allowance to 0 and set the desired value afterwards:
* https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/20#issuecomment-263524729
* @param spender The address which will spend the funds.
* @param value The amount of tokens to be spent.
*/
function approve(address spender, uint256 value) public returns (bool) {
_approve(msg.sender, spender, value);
return true;
}

/**
* @dev Transfer tokens from one address to another.
* Note that while this function emits an Approval event, this is not required as per the specification,
* and other compliant implementations may not emit the event.
* @param from address The address which you want to send tokens from
* @param to address The address which you want to transfer to
* @param value uint256 the amount of tokens to be transferred
*/
function transferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 value) public returns (bool) {
_transfer(from, to, value);
_approve(from, msg.sender, _allowed[from][msg.sender].sub(value));
return true;
}

/**
* @dev Increase the amount of tokens that an owner allowed to a spender.
* approve should be called when allowed_[_spender] == 0. To increment
* allowed value is better to use this function to avoid 2 calls (and wait until
* the first transaction is mined)
* From MonolithDAO Token.sol
* Emits an Approval event.
* @param spender The address which will spend the funds.
* @param addedValue The amount of tokens to increase the allowance by.
*/
function increaseAllowance(address spender, uint256 addedValue) public returns (bool) {
_approve(msg.sender, spender, _allowed[msg.sender][spender].add(addedValue));
return true;
}

/**
* @dev Decrease the amount of tokens that an owner allowed to a spender.
* approve should be called when allowed_[_spender] == 0. To decrement
* allowed value is better to use this function to avoid 2 calls (and wait until
* the first transaction is mined)
* From MonolithDAO Token.sol
* Emits an Approval event.
* @param spender The address which will spend the funds.
* @param subtractedValue The amount of tokens to decrease the allowance by.
*/
function decreaseAllowance(address spender, uint256 subtractedValue) public returns (bool) {
_approve(msg.sender, spender, _allowed[msg.sender][spender].sub(subtractedValue));
return true;
}

/**
* @dev Transfer token for a specified addresses
* @param from The address to transfer from.
* @param to The address to transfer to.
* @param value The amount to be transferred.
*/
function _transfer(address from, address to, uint256 value) internal {
require(to != address(0));

_balances[from] = _balances[from].sub(value);
_balances[to] = _balances[to].add(value);
emit Transfer(from, to, value);
}

/**
* @dev Internal function that mints an amount of the token and assigns it to
* an account. This encapsulates the modification of balances such that the
* proper events are emitted.
* @param account The account that will receive the created tokens.
* @param value The amount that will be created.
*/
function _mint(address account, uint256 value) internal {
require(account != address(0));

_totalSupply = _totalSupply.add(value);
_balances[account] = _balances[account].add(value);
emit Transfer(address(0), account, value);
}

/**
* @dev Internal function that burns an amount of the token of a given
* account.
* @param account The account whose tokens will be burnt.
* @param value The amount that will be burnt.
*/
function _burn(address account, uint256 value) internal {
require(account != address(0));

_totalSupply = _totalSupply.sub(value);
_balances[account] = _balances[account].sub(value);
emit Transfer(account, address(0), value);
}

/**
* @dev Approve an address to spend another addresses' tokens.
* @param owner The address that owns the tokens.
* @param spender The address that will spend the tokens.
* @param value The number of tokens that can be spent.
*/
function _approve(address owner, address spender, uint256 value) internal {
require(spender != address(0));
require(owner != address(0));

_allowed[owner][spender] = value;
emit Approval(owner, spender, value);
}

/**
* @dev Internal function that burns an amount of the token of a given
* account, deducting from the sender's allowance for said account. Uses the
* internal burn function.
* Emits an Approval event (reflecting the reduced allowance).
* @param account The account whose tokens will be burnt.
* @param value The amount that will be burnt.
*/
function _burnFrom(address account, uint256 value) internal {
_burn(account, value);
_approve(account, msg.sender, _allowed[account][msg.sender].sub(value));
}
}
/**
 * @title Standard ERC20 token
 *
 * @dev Implementation of the basic standard token.
 * https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/blob/master/EIPS/eip-20.md
 * Originally based on code by FirstBlood:
 * https://github.com/Firstbloodio/token/blob/master/smart_contract/FirstBloodToken.sol
 *
 * This implementation emits additional Approval events, allowing applications to reconstruct the allowance status for
 * all accounts just by listening to said events. Note that this isn't required by the specification, and other
 * compliant implementations may not do it.
 */
function approve(address spender, uint256 value) public returns (bool) {
_approve(msg.sender, spender, value);
return true;
}

/**
 * @dev Approve the passed address to spend the specified amount of tokens on behalf of msg.sender.
 * Beware that changing an allowance with this method brings the risk that someone may use both the old
 * and the new allowance by unfortunate transaction ordering. One possible solution to mitigate this
 * race condition is to first reduce the spender's allowance to 0 and set the desired value afterwards:
 * https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/20#issuecomment-263524729
 * @param spender The address which will spend the funds.
 * @param value The amount of tokens to be spent.
 */