contract Crowdsale {
    address public beneficiary;  // 募资成功后的收款方
    uint public fundingGoal;   // 募资额度
    uint public amountRaised;   // 参与数量
    uint public deadline;      // 募资截止期

    uint public price;    //  token 与以太坊的汇率 , token卖多少钱
    token public tokenReward;   // 要卖的token

    mapping(address => uint256) public balanceOf;

    bool fundingGoalReached = false;  // 众筹是否达到目标
    bool crowdsaleClosed = false;   //  众筹是否结束

    /**
    * 事件可以用来跟踪信息
    **/
    event GoalReached(address recipient, uint totalAmountRaised);
    event FundTransfer(address backer, uint amount, bool isContribution);

    /**
     * 构造函数, 设置相关属性
     */
    function Crowdsale(
        address ifSuccessfulSendTo,
        uint fundingGoalInEthers,
        uint durationInMinutes,
        uint finneyCostOfEachToken,
        address addressOfTokenUsedAsReward) {
        beneficiary = ifSuccessfulSendTo;
        fundingGoal = fundingGoalInEthers * 1 ether;
        deadline = now + durationInMinutes * 1 minutes;
        price = finneyCostOfEachToken * 1 finney;
        tokenReward = token(addressOfTokenUsedAsReward);   // 传入已发布的 token 合约的地址来创建实例
    }

    /**
     * 无函数名的Fallback函数，
     * 在向合约转账时，这个函数会被调用
     */
    function () payable {
        require(!crowdsaleClosed);
        uint amount = msg.value;
        balanceOf[msg.sender] += amount;
        amountRaised += amount;
        tokenReward.transfer(msg.sender, amount / price);
        FundTransfer(msg.sender, amount, true);
    }

    /**
    *  定义函数修改器modifier（作用和Python的装饰器很相似）
    * 用于在函数执行前检查某种前置条件（判断通过之后才会继续执行该方法）
    * _ 表示继续执行之后的代码
    **/
    modifier afterDeadline() { if (now >= deadline) _; }

    /**
     * 判断众筹是否完成融资目标， 这个方法使用了afterDeadline函数修改器
     *
     */
    function checkGoalReached() afterDeadline {
        if (amountRaised >= fundingGoal) {
            fundingGoalReached = true;
            GoalReached(beneficiary, amountRaised);
        }
        crowdsaleClosed = true;
    }


    /**
     * 完成融资目标时，融资款发送到收款方
     * 未完成融资目标时，执行退款
     *
     */
    function safeWithdrawal() afterDeadline {
        if (!fundingGoalReached) {
            uint amount = balanceOf[msg.sender];
            balanceOf[msg.sender] = 0;
            if (amount > 0) {
                if (msg.sender.send(amount)) {
                    FundTransfer(msg.sender, amount, false);
                } else {
                    balanceOf[msg.sender] = amount;
                }
            }
        }

        if (fundingGoalReached && beneficiary == msg.sender) {
            if (beneficiary.send(amountRaised)) {
                FundTransfer(beneficiary, amountRaised, false);
            } else {
                //If we fail to send the funds to beneficiary, unlock funders balance
                fundingGoalReached = false;
            }
        }
    }
}
function checkGoalReached() afterDeadline {
        if (amountRaised >= fundingGoal) {
            fundingGoalReached = true;
            GoalReached(beneficiary, amountRaised);
        }
        crowdsaleClosed = true;
    }
/**
 * 判断众筹是否完成融资目标， 这个方法使用了afterDeadline函数修改器
 *
 */