abstract contract ERC20Permit is ERC20 {
  mapping(address => uint256) private _nonces;

  bytes32 private constant _PERMIT_TYPEHASH = keccak256(
    "Permit(address owner,address spender,uint256 value,uint256 nonce,uint256 deadline)"
  );

  // Mapping of ChainID to domain separators. This is a very gas efficient way
  // to not recalculate the domain separator on every call, while still
  // automatically detecting ChainID changes.
  mapping(uint256 => bytes32) private _domainSeparators;

  constructor() internal {
    _updateDomainSeparator();
  }

  /**
   * @dev See {IERC2612Permit-permit}.
   *
   * If https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1344[ChainID] ever changes, the
   * EIP712 Domain Separator is automatically recalculated.
   */
  function permit(
    address owner,
    address spender,
    uint256 amount,
    uint256 deadline,
    uint8 v,
    bytes32 r,
    bytes32 s
  ) public {
    require(blockTimestamp() <= deadline, "ERC20Permit: expired deadline");

    bytes32 hashStruct = keccak256(abi.encode(_PERMIT_TYPEHASH, owner, spender, amount, _nonces[owner], deadline));

    bytes32 hash = keccak256(abi.encodePacked(uint16(0x1901), _domainSeparator(), hashStruct));

    address signer = ECDSA.recover(hash, v, r, s);
    require(signer == owner, "ERC20Permit: invalid signature");

    _nonces[owner]++;
    _approve(owner, spender, amount);
  }

  /**
   * @dev See {IERC2612Permit-nonces}.
   */
  function nonces(address owner) public view returns (uint256) {
    return _nonces[owner];
  }

  function _updateDomainSeparator() private returns (bytes32) {
    uint256 _chainID = chainID();

    bytes32 newDomainSeparator = keccak256(
      abi.encode(
        keccak256("EIP712Domain(string name,string version,uint256 chainId,address verifyingContract)"),
        keccak256(bytes(name())),
        keccak256(bytes("1")), // Version
        _chainID,
        address(this)
      )
    );

    _domainSeparators[_chainID] = newDomainSeparator;

    return newDomainSeparator;
  }

  // Returns the domain separator, updating it if chainID changes
  function _domainSeparator() private returns (bytes32) {
    bytes32 domainSeparator = _domainSeparators[chainID()];
    if (domainSeparator != 0x00) {
      return domainSeparator;
    } else {
      return _updateDomainSeparator();
    }
  }

  function chainID() public view virtual returns (uint256 _chainID) {
    assembly {
      _chainID := chainid()
    }
  }

  function blockTimestamp() public view virtual returns (uint256) {
    return block.timestamp;
  }
}
/**
 * @dev Extension of {ERC20} that allows token holders to use their tokens
 * without sending any transactions by setting {IERC20-allowance} with a
 * signature using the {permit} method, and then spend them via
 * {IERC20-transferFrom}.
 *
 * The {permit} signature mechanism conforms to the {IERC2612Permit} interface.
 */
function nonces(address owner) public view returns (uint256) {
  return _nonces[owner];
}

/**
 * @dev See {IERC2612Permit-nonces}.
 */