title: Effect of resistance training with elements of stretching on body composition and quality of life in postmenopausal women Effects of functional resistance training on fitness and quality of life in females with chronic nonspecific low-back pain. Effects of a 9-month resistance training intervention on quality of life, sense of coherence, and depressive symptoms in older adults: randomized controlled trial Effects of a progressive resistance exercise program with high-speed component on the physical function of older women with sarcopenic obesity: a randomized controlled trial The influence of short-term strength training on health-related quality of life and executive cognitive function. Physical activity combined with resistance training reduces symptoms of frailty in older adults: A randomized controlled trial. Benefits of partnered strength training for prostate cancer survivors and spouses: results from a randomized controlled trial of the Exercising Together project Increases in muscle strength and balance using a resistance training program administered via a telecommunications system in older adults. Progressive load training for the quadriceps muscle associated with proprioception exercises for the prevention of falls in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis: a randomized controlled trial Change in health-related quality of life and social cognitive outcomes in obese, older adults in a randomized controlled weight loss trial: Does physical activity behavior matter? The PEDro scale is a valid measure of the methodological quality of clinical trials: a demographic study. Effectiveness of two year balance training programme on prevention of fall induced injuries in at risk women aged 75-85 living in community: Ossébo randomised controlled trial Gentle strength training in rehabilitation of breast cancer patients compared to conventional therapy. Anthropometric and cardiovascular responses to hypertrophic resistance training in postmenopausal women Effects of Different Resistance Training Frequencies on Fat in Overweight/Obese Older Women. Aerobic training alone or combined with strength training affects fitness in elderly: Randomized trial The impact of resistance exercise training on the mental health of older Puerto Rican adults with type 2 diabetes. Treadmill exercise and resistance training in patients with peripheral arterial disease with and without intermittent claudication: a randomized controlled trial. The efficacy of counseling and progressive resistance home-exercises on adherence, health-related quality of life and function after discharge from a geriatric day-hospital. Aerobic Versus Resistance Training Effects on Health-Related Quality of Life, Body Composition, and Function of Older Adults Effects of high-intensity progressive resistance training and targeted multidisciplinary treatment of frailty on mortality and nursing home admissions after hip fracture: a randomized controlled trial. Effects of Aerobic Step Combined with Resistance Training on Biochemical Bone Markers, Health-Related Physical Fitness and Balance in Working Women. Psychological effects of Yi Ren Medical Qigong and progressive resistance training in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized controlled pilot study. Home-based leg-strengthening exercise improves function 1 year after hip fracture: a randomized controlled study. An Ai Chi-based aquatic group improves balance and reduces falls in community-dwelling adults: A pilot observational cohort study The effect of resistance training on the anxiety symptoms and quality of life in elderly people with Parkinson's disease: a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: Introduction Physical activity in elderly persons contributes to prevention and treatment of chronic disease and , through its influence on the musculoskeletal system , increases physical capability and improves mental function . Aim of the study Aim of the study was to assess the effect of resistance training with elements of stretching on body composition and quality of life in women of postmenopausal age . Material and methods Thirty-eight postmenopausal women aged 62.5 ±5.8 years were r and omly divided into two groups . One group participated in an 8-week training program ( 60 minutes , twice weekly ; 4 MET [ metabolic equivalent ] 2 hours/week ) . The second group performed no training . A comparison was made of body composition and quality of life ( SF-36 Health Survey ) prior to and after 8 weeks of training . Results In the training group , after 8 weeks there was a significant reduction in body fat ( in% ; p = 0.028 ) , and an increase in fat-free mass ( in% ; p = 0.025 ) and total body water ( in% ; p = 0.021 ) , which indicates increased muscle mass . Furthermore , there were statistically significant differences in the assessment of quality of life in physical ( role-physical [ RP ] , bodily pain [ BP ] , general health [ GH ] scales ; p < 0.005 ) and mental health ( vitality [ VT ] scale ; p = 0.05 ) . In the non-exercising group no changes were observed in features examined in the initial and final test . Conclusions Resistance training with elements of stretching in postmenopausal women  improved body composition to achieve a reduction in risk factors associated with excess fatty tissue and muscle mass deficiency . It raises the quality of life in terms of both physical and mental function BACKGROUND Exercise is important as adjuvant in the chronic low back pain ( CLBP ) treatment . Functional training could involve benefits for low back pain ( LBP ) patients . OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of a 12-week period of functional resistance training on health-related quality of life ( HRQOL ) , disability , body pain , and physical fitness in CLBP females . METHODS Nineteen females CLBP were recruited according to Paris Task Force on Back Pain criteria . Participants were r and omly assigned to an exercise group ( EG ) ; and a control group ( CG ) . Subjects were tested at baseline and at week 12 after 24 sessions , 2 days per week . Body pain was assessed using visual analog scale ( VAS ) , disability with Oswestry Disability Index ( ODI ) and HRQOL with Short Form 36 question naire . Physical fitness was measured using : flamingo test , back endurance test , side bridge test , abdominal curl-up tests , and 60-s squat test . RESULTS EG showed significant improvements in physical function ( 10 % ; p < 0.05 ) , body pain ( 42 % ; p < 0.05 ) , vitality ( 31 % ; p < 0.05 ) , physical component scale ( 15 % ; p < 0.05 ) , VAS ( 62.5 % ; p < 0.01 ) , ODI ( 61.3 % ; p < 0.05 ) , balance ( 58 % ; p < 0.05 ) , curl-up ( 83 % ; p < 0.01 ) , squat ( 22 % ; p < 0.01 ) , static back ( 67 % ; p < 0.01 ) , and side bridge ( 56 % ; p < 0.01 ) . CONCLUSION Periodized functional resistance training decreased pain and disability and improved HRQOL , balance and physical fitness in females with CLBP , and can thus be used safely in this population Purpose ( 1 ) To determine the effects of a 9-month resistance training intervention on quality of life , sense of coherence , and depressive symptoms in older adults , and ( 2 ) to compare effects between different training frequencies . Methods Men and women aged 65–75 ( N = 106 ) were r and omized to four groups according to training frequency : training groups RT1 ( n = 26 ) , RT2 ( n = 27 ) , and RT3 ( n = 28 ) and non-training control group ( n = 25 ) . All training groups attended supervised resistance training twice a week for 3 months . For the following 6 months , they continued training with different frequencies ( 1 , 2 or 3 times per week ) . Psychological functioning was measured by quality of life ( WHOQOL-Bref ) , sense of coherence ( Antonovsky ’s SOC-13 ) , and depressive symptoms ( Beck ’s Depression Inventory II ) . Measurements were conducted at baseline and 3 and 9 months after baseline . The effects of the intervention were analyzed using generalized estimating equations ( GEE ) . Results After 3 months , there was an intervention effect on environmental quality of life ( group × time p = .048 ) . Between 3 and 9 months , environmental quality of life decreased among RT1 compared to RT2 and RT3 ( group × time p = .025 ) . Between baseline and 9 months , environmental quality of life increased in RT2 compared to all other groups ( group × time p = .011 ) . Sense of coherence increased in RT2 compared to the control group and RT3 ( group × time p = .032 ) . Conclusion Resistance training is beneficial for environmental quality of life and sense of coherence . Attending resistance training twice a week seems to be the most advantageous for these aspects of psychological functioning ABSTRACT Background Sarcopenic obesity is associated with disability in older people , especially in women .  Resistance exercises are recommended for this population , but their efficacy is not clear . Objective To evaluate the effects of a progressive resistance exercise program with high-speed component on the physical function of older women with sarcopenic obesity . Method Twenty-eight women 65 to 80 years old , with a body mass index ≥30kg/m2 and h and grip strength ≤21 kg were r and omly allocated to two groups . The experimental group underwent a 10-week resistance exercise program design ed to improve strength , power , and endurance of lower-limb muscles , with open chain and closed chain exercises . The control group had their health status monitored through telephone calls . The primary outcomes were lower limb muscle performance measured by knee extensor strength , power and fatigue by isokinetic dynamometry , and mobility measured by the Short Physical Performance Battery and by gait velocity . The secondary outcome was health-related quality of life assessed by the SF-36 Question naire . Results The average rate of adherence was 85 % , with few mild adverse effects . There were no significant between-group differences for any of the outcomes . Conclusion In this study , a progressive resistance exercise program with high-speed component was not effective for improving the physical function of older women with sarcopenic obesity Strength training has been reported as a potentially useful exercise to improve psychological aspects in the elderly , but its effects remain controversial . This study investigated the effectiveness of strength training conducted twice a week for 12 weeks for improving health-related quality of life ( HRQOL ) and executive cognitive function . The study was a single-blind r and omized controlled trial with assessment s before and after intervention . HRQOL and executive function were assessed using the SF-36 Health Status Survey and a computerized neuro-cognitive assessment using task-switch reaction time trials , respectively . Subjects comprised 119 participants > or = 65 years old , r and omized to either strength training ( n=65 ) or health education classes ( controls , n=54 ) . The strength training program was design ed to strengthen the large muscle groups most important for functional activities and to improve balance . The effects of the intervention on the eight dimensions of the SF-36 in the control and training groups were analyzed . Only the mental health scale of the SF-36 was significantly improved for the training group compared with controls after 12 weeks . Task-switch reaction time and correct response rate remained unchanged . Short-term strength training might have modest positive effects on HRQOL , although this training period may not be sufficient to affect executive function in relatively healthy older people INTRODUCTION Increased physical activity ( PA ) is a crucial factor in the prevention of physical deterioration , and resistance training ( RT ) is also a common and effective intervention for older adults . However , the effects of PA as an adjunct to RT on frailty status remains unclear ; therefore , we clarified the effect of a PA intervention with feedback , as an adjunct to resistance strength training , on the physical and mental outcomes of frail older adults . MATERIAL S AND METHODS We employed a r and omized controlled trial . Community-dwelling frail older adults in Japan were recruited to participate . Forty-one participants ( mean age 81.5 ) were r and omly assigned to engage in a resistance training with PA ( RPA group ) or RT group for six months . Frailty status and frailty scores , which were measured according to the Cardiovascular Health Study criteria -muscle strength , mobility , instrumental activities of daily living , and health-related quality of life-were assessed . RESULTS Participants in the RPA group exhibited a significant increase in light-intensity PA , the number of steps taken daily ( p < 0.05 ) , and lower-limb muscle strength ( p < 0.05 ) and a significant decrease in frailty scores . However , pre- and postintervention frailty status , instrumental activities of daily living , and health-related quality of life did not differ significantly . CONCLUSIONS Implementation of a PA intervention as an adjunct to RT is feasible , as it reduced frailty scores and increased lower-limb muscle strength and mobility in older adults with frailty symptoms Background Prostate cancer can negatively impact quality of life of the patient and his spouse caregiver , but interventions rarely target the health of both partners simultaneously . We tested the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a partnered strength training program on the physical and mental health of prostate cancer survivors ( PCS ) and spouse caregivers . Methods Sixty-four couples were r and omly assigned to 6 months of partnered strength training ( Exercising Together , N = 32 ) or usual care ( UC , N = 32 ) . Objective measures included body composition ( lean , fat and trunk fat mass ( kg ) , and % body fat ) by DXA , upper and lower body muscle strength by 1-repetition maximum , and physical function by the physical performance battery ( PPB ) . Self-reported measures included the physical and mental health summary scales and physical function and fatigue subscales of the SF-36 and physical activity with the CHAMPS question naire . Results Couple retention rates were 100 % for Exercising Together and 84 % for UC . Median attendance of couples to Exercising Together sessions was 75 % . Men in Exercising Together became stronger in the upper body ( p < 0.01 ) and more physically active ( p < 0.01 ) than UC . Women in Exercising Together increased muscle mass ( p = 0.05 ) and improved upper ( p < 0.01 ) and lower body ( p < 0.01 ) strength and PPB scores ( p = 0.01 ) more than UC . Conclusions Exercising Together is a novel couples-based approach to exercise that was feasible and improved several health outcomes for both PCS and their spouses . Implication s for cancer survivorsA couples-based approach should be considered in cancer survivorship programs so that outcomes can mutually benefit both partners . Trial registration Clinical Trials.gov BACKGROUND Resistance training programs have been found to improve muscle strength , physical function , and depressive symptoms in middle-aged and older adults . These programs have typically been provided in clinical facilities , health clubs , and senior centers , which may be inconvenient and /or cost prohibitive for some older adults . The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of an automated telemedicine intervention that provides real-time guidance and monitoring of resistance training in the home . METHODS A r and omized clinical trial in 103 middle-aged or older participants . Participants were assigned to use of a theory-driven interactive voice response system design ed to promote resistance training ( Telephone-Linked Computer-based Long-term Interactive Fitness Trainer ; n = 52 ) or to an attention control ( n = 51 ) for a period of 12 months . Measurements of muscle strength , balance , walk distance , and mood were obtained at baseline , 3 , 6 , and 12 months . RESULTS We observed increased strength , improved balance , and fewer depressive symptoms in the intervention group than in the control group . Using generalized estimating equations modeling , group differences were statistically significant for knee flexion strength ( p = .035 ) , single-leg stance time ( p = .029 ) , and Beck Depression Inventory ( p = .030 ) . CONCLUSIONS This computer-based telecommunications exercise intervention led to improvements in participants ' strength , balance , and depressive symptoms . Because of their low cost and easy accessibility , computer-based interventions may be a cost-effective way of promoting exercise in the home Summary This study aims to evaluate the effect of 18-week progressive muscular strength and proprioception training program on the muscle strength of the quadriceps , in prevention of falls in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis . The incidence of falls in the intervention group was significantly lower than in the control group ( incidence rate ratio ( IRR ) = 0.263 , 95 % CI 0.10–0.68 ) . Introduction This study aims to evaluate the effect of a progressive muscular strength and proprioception training program on the muscle strength of the quadriceps , balance , quality of life , and reduction in the risk of falls in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis . Methods One hundred sedentary postmenopausal women with osteoporosis , ages ranging from 55 to 75 , were selected and r and omized into two groups : the intervention group comprised of 50 patients who underwent a 18-week of progressive load training for the quadriceps muscle ( 50 % up to 80 % of 1-RM — one maximum repetition ) and proprioception training associated to a drug treatment of osteoporosis and the  control group that included 50 patients who only underwent a drug treatment of osteoporosis .  The muscular strength , balance , functional mobility , and quality of life were evaluated in the beginning and end of the research . The number of falls was evaluated 24 weeks post-treatment . Results Eighty-five patients concluded the research . The program promoted a significant difference among the groups for SF-36 in the eight sub-scales ( p ≤ 0.0018 ) , Timed Up & Go Test ( p < 0.0001 ) , 1-RM test ( p < 0.0001 ) , Berg Balance Scale ( p < 0.0001 ) and also a decrease in the number of falls in the intervention group compared to control ( IRR = 0.263 , 95 % CI 0.10–0.68 , p = 0.0064 ) . Conclusion The association of progressive strength training for the quadriceps and the proprioceptive training is effective for the prevention of falls , increasing the muscle power , the static and dynamic balance and increasing the speed of the motor responses , therefore improving the performance of daily activities This article compared the effect of dietary weight loss administered alone ( WL ) or in combination with aerobic training ( WL + AT ) or resistance training ( WL + RT ) on health related quality of life , walking self-efficacy , stair climb self-efficacy , and satisfaction with physical function in older adults with cardiovascular disease or the metabolic syndrome . Participants ( N = 249 ; Mage = 66.9 ) engaged in baseline assessment s and were r and omly assigned to one of three interventions , each including a 6-month intensive phase and a 12-month follow-up . Those in WL + AT and WL + RT engaged in 4 days of exercise training weekly . All participants engaged in weekly group behavioral weight loss sessions with a goal of 7–10 % reduction in body weight . Participants in WL + AT and WL + RT reported better quality of life and satisfaction with physical function at 6- and 18-months relative to WL . At month 6 , WL + AT reported greater walking self-efficacy relative to WL + RT and WL , and maintained higher scores compared to WL at month 18 . WL + AT and WL + RT reported greater stair climbing efficacy at month 6 , and WL + RT remained significantly greater than WL at month 18 . The addition of either AT or RT to WL differentially improved HRQOL and key psychosocial outcomes associated with maintenance of physical activity and weight loss . This underscores the important role of exercise in WL for older adults , and suggests health care providers should give careful consideration to exercise mode when design ing interventions QUESTIONS Does the PEDro scale measure only one construct ie , the method ological quality of clinical trials ? What is the hierarchy of items of the PEDro scale from least to most adhered to ? Is there any effect of year of publication of trials on item adherence ? Are PEDro scale ordinal scores equivalent to interval data ? DESIGN Rasch analysis of two independent sample s of 100 clinical trials from the PEDro data base scored using the PEDro scale . RESULTS Both sample s of PEDro data showed fit to the Rasch model with no item misfit . The  PEDro scale item hierarchy was the same in both sample s , ranging from the most adhered to item r and om allocation , to the least adhered to item therapist blinding . There was no differential item functioning by year of publication . Original PEDro ordinal scores were highly correlated with transformed PEDro interval scores ( r = 0.99 ) . CONCLUSION The PEDro scale is a valid measure of the method ological quality of clinical trials . It is valid to sum PEDro scale item scores to obtain a total score that can be treated as interval level measurement and subjected to parametric statistical analysis Objective To assess the effectiveness of a two year exercise programme of progressive balance retraining in reducing injurious falls among women aged 75 - 85 at increased risk of falls and injuries and living in the community . Design Pragmatic multicentre , two arm , parallel group , r and omised controlled trial . Setting 20 study sites in 16 medium to large cities throughout France . Participants 706 women aged 75 - 85 , living in their own home , and with diminished balance and gait capacities , r and omly allocated to the experimental intervention group  ( exercise programme , n=352 ) or the  control group ( no intervention , n=354 ) . Intervention Weekly supervised group sessions of progressive balance training offered in community based premises for two years , supplemented by individually prescribed home exercises . Outcome measures A geriatrician blinded to group assignment classified falls into one of three categories ( no consequence , moderate , severe ) based on physical damage and medical care . The primary outcome was the rate of injurious falls ( moderate and severe ) . The two groups were compared for rates of injurious falls with a “ shared frailty ” model . Other outcomes included the rates of all falls , physical functional capacities ( balance and motor function test results ) , fear of falling ( FES-I ) , physical activity level , and perceived health related quality of life ( SF-36 ) . Analysis was by intention to treat . Results There were 305 injurious falls in the intervention group and 397 in the control group ( hazard ratio 0.81 , 95 % confidence interval 0.67 to 0.99 ) . The difference in severe injuries ( 68 in intervention group v 87 in control group ) was of the same order of magnitude ( 0.83 , 0.60 to 1.16 ) . At two years , women in the intervention group performed significantly better on all physical tests and had significantly better perception of their overall physical function than women in the control group . Among women who started the intervention ( n=294 ) , the median number of group sessions attended was 53 ( interquartile range 16 - 71 ) . Five injurious falls related to the intervention were recorded . Conclusion A two year progressive balance retraining programme combining weekly group and individual sessions was effective in reducing injurious falls and in improving measured and perceived physical function in women aged 75 - 85 at risk of falling . Trial registration Clinical Trials.gov ( NCT00545350 ) UNLABELLED Movement therapy during the rehabilitation of breast cancer has become more important over the last years . PATIENTS AND METHODS In a r and omized controlled study the feasibility of gentle strenght training was compared to conventional gymnastic exercises during rehabilitation of breast cancer patients . The aim oft this study was to identify alternative sports intervention in the treatment of breast cancer patients . The intervention group ( IG ) was lifting st and ardized weights weekly ( 50 % of h1RM ) , while the control group ( CG ) received conventional gymnastic exercises . A bicycle ergometry adjusted to the WHO system was performed with all participants at study entry ( T0 ) , after three ( T1 ) and six months ( T2 ) . The quality of life was measured by st and ardized report forms ( EORTC QLQ C30 Version 3 and BR23 ) . RESULTS Both methods showed a slight improvement in submaximal endurance performance , a significant improvement in the subjective feeling of effort ( IG : 75 W : < 0.01 , CG : 75 W < 0.01 ) , in psychosocial and psychological parameters like quality of life ( IG : < 0.01 , CG < 0.01 ) and in fatigue ( IG : < 0,01 , CG : < 0.01 ) . CONCLUSION This study shows positive effects for gentle strength lifting in the rehabilitation of breast cancer patients and turned out to be a probate alternative to gymnastic exercises Objective : Menopause induces a phase of decreased physical fitness and altered body composition characterized by increased total and abdominal fat and reduced lean mass . It is , however , inconclusive which specific resistance training ( RT ) subtypes can reverse these deleterious changes in postmenopausal women . Methods : Thirty-seven postmenopausal women were r and omized to a 6-week nonexercising control group ( n = 18 ) or hypertrophic RT group ( n = 19 ) that engaged in two 40-minute sessions weekly using three sets of 12 repetitions at 67 % to 85 % one-repetition maximum for 10 whole-body exercises . Results : RT significantly improved resting heart rate ( 69.05 ± 11.19 - 63.80 ± 4.94 bpm , P = 0.017 ) , systolic blood pressure ( 125.85 ± 4.86 - 124.05 ± 3.98 mm Hg , P < 0.0001 ) , diastolic blood pressure ( 81.20 ± 7.50 - 77.90 ± 6.85 mm Hg , P < 0.0001 ) , rate-pressure product ( 8,712.40 ± 1,408.21 - 7,952.90 ± 782.72 , P = 0.003 ) , blood glucose concentration ( 6.06 ± 0.52 - 5.70 ± 0.52 mmol/L , P = 0.009 ) , fat mass ( 21.53 ± 7.07 - 19.75 ± 6.40 kg , P = 0.001 ) , percentage body fat ( 30.66 % ± 5.08%-25.49 % ± 9.89 % , P = 0.026 ) , body mass index ( 24.50 ± 3.85 - 24.27 ± 4.04 kg/m2 , P = 0.050 ) , waist circumference ( 80.04 ± 8.57 - 73.19 ± 18.44 cm , P = 0.045 ) , sum of skinfolds ( 22.91 ± 6.05 - 20.72 ± 5.26 mm , P < 0.0001 ) , upper-body muscle strength ( 20.12 ± 5.65 - 23.77 ± 7.10 kg , P < 0.0001 ) , and lower-body ( 16.28 ± 5.47 - 16.44 ± 5.62 kg , P = 0.001 ) muscle strength . Conclusions : A 6-week hypertrophic RT program , performed even twice weekly , produces substantial simultaneous improvements in multiple anthropometric , cardiovascular , and muscle strength variables in postmenopausal women . This program can be recommended for inclusion in any exercise training regime or as an adjunct lifestyle approach in combination with other treatments in postmenopausal women AIM This study compared the effect of different resistance training ( RT ) frequencies on total , and roid , gynoid and trunk body fat in overweight/obese older women . METHODS Fifty-seven overweight/obese older women ( 66.9±5.3 years and 39.9±4.9 % body fat ) were r and omly assigned to one of three groups : a group performing RT twice a week ( G2X ) , a group performing RT three times a week ( G3X ) , or a non-exercise control group ( CG ) . Both training groups performed the same 12-week RT program consisting of 8 exercises that trained all major muscle groups . Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to assess body composition . RESULTS After the intervention period , both G2X and G3X demonstrated significant ( P<0.05 ) reductions in adiposity compared to the CG for total body fat ( G2X=-1.7 % , G3X=-2.7 % , CG=+2.1 % ) , and roid fat ( G2X=-6.2 % , G3X=-7.0 % , CG=+8.6 % ) , gynoid fat ( G2X=-2.5 % , G3X=-2.9 % , CG=+1.0 % ) , and trunk fat ( G2X=-2.5 % , G3X=-3.0 % , CG=+2.9 % ) , with no significant differences between training groups . CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that a low-volume 12-week RT program performed two or three times per week causes decreases in total and regional fat deposition with the greatest reductions occurring in the and roid region Abstract Purpose : To investigate if combined strength and aerobic training can enhance aerobic capacity in the elderly to a similar extent as aerobic training alone when training duration is matched . Methods : Elderly men and women ( age 63.2 ± 4.7 ) were r and omized into two intervention groups : an aerobic group ( AG , n = 17 ) and a combined group ( CG , n = 16 ) . Subjects trained 40 minutes three times a week for 12 weeks . Both groups trained 20 minutes at 65 % of heart rate reserve on ergometer cycles followed by another 20 minutes on the ergometer cycles for AG and 20-minute strength training for the lower body for CG . The primary outcome was VO2max . Secondary outcomes were maximal voluntary contraction ( MVC ) in isometric knee extension , 1 repetition maximum in three leg exercises , body fat , waist-to-hip ratio , blood pressure and score on the Health Survey Short Form 36 ( SF-36 ) . Results : Both groups improved VO2max ( p < .01 ) and MVC ( p < .001 ) . VO2max increased 17 % confidence interval ( CI ) [ 7.4–26 ] in CG and 26 % CI [ 14.1–38.2 ] in AG , with no significant difference between groups . MVC increased 22 % CI [ 16.3–27.7 ] in CG and 9 % CI [ 4.6–13.5 ] in AG with CG improving MVC more than AG ( p < .01 ) . CG 's score on the general health dimension on the SF-36 health survey improved more than AG 's score . Conclusion : Elderly can substitute a part of their aerobic training with strength training and still improve VO2max to a clinical ly significant degree when strength training is performed with large muscle groups subsequently to the aerobic training . Combined training additionally improves strength and self-assessed general health more than aerobic training alone OBJECTIVE To determine the impact of a 16 week high-intensity progressive resistance exercise training ( PRT ) program on the mental health of older Puerto Rican adults with type 2 diabetes . METHODS Fifty-eight Puerto Rican adults were r and omly assigned to supervised PRT ( n = 29 ) or a control group ( n = 29 ) . A secondary analyses were conducted , and 2 mental health outcomes , the Geriatric Depression Scale and the SF-36 mental component summary score , were used to assess the impact of PRT on mental health status . At baseline , no differences were found on measures of self-reported mental health status . RESULTS PRT participants had significantly improved mental health status at follow-up ( 16 weeks ) . DISCUSSION The incorporation of exercise into treatment planning for older adults may have important benefits on their mental health status . More work is needed to underst and the mechanisms by which this occurred as well as the applicability of these findings to sustainable community programs CONTEXT Neither supervised treadmill exercise nor strength training for patients with peripheral arterial disease ( PAD ) without intermittent claudication have been established as beneficial . OBJECTIVE To determine whether supervised treadmill exercise or lower extremity resistance training improve functional performance of patients with PAD with or without claudication . DESIGN , SETTING , AND PARTICIPANTS R and omized controlled clinical trial performed at an urban academic medical center between April 1 , 2004 , and August 8 , 2008 , involving 156 patients with PAD who were r and omly assigned to supervised treadmill exercise , to lower extremity resistance training , or to a control group .  MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Six-minute walk performance and the short physical performance battery . Secondary outcomes were brachial artery flow-mediated dilation , treadmill walking performance , the Walking Impairment Question naire , and the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey physical functioning ( SF-36 PF ) score . RESULTS For the 6-minute walk , those in the supervised treadmill exercise group increased their distance walked by 35.9 m ( 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] , 15.3 - 56.5 m ; P < .001 ) compared with the control group , whereas those in the resistance training group increased their distance walked by 12.4 m ( 95 % CI , -8.42 to 33.3 m ; P = .24 ) compared with the control group . Neither exercise group improved its short physical performance battery scores . For brachial artery flow-mediated dilation , those in the treadmill group had a mean improvement of 1.53 % ( 95 % CI , 0.35%-2.70 % ; P = .02 ) compared with the control group . The treadmill group had greater increases in maximal treadmill walking time ( 3.44 minutes ; 95 % CI , 2.05 - 4.84 minutes ; P < .001 ) ; walking impairment distance score ( 10.7 ; 95 % CI , 1.56 - 19.9 ; P = .02 ) ; and SF-36 PF score ( 7.5 ; 95 % CI , 0.00 - 15.0 ; P = .02 ) than the control group . The resistance training group had greater increases in maximal treadmill walking time ( 1.90 minutes ; 95 % CI , 0.49 - 3.31 minutes ; P = .009 ) ; walking impairment scores for distance ( 6.92 ; 95 % CI , 1.07 - 12.8 ; P = .02 ) and stair climbing ( 10.4 ; 95 % CI , 0.00 - 20.8 ; P = .03 ) ; and SF-36 PF score ( 7.5 ; 95 % CI , 0.0 - 15.0 ; P = .04 ) than the control group . CONCLUSIONS Supervised treadmill training improved 6-minute walk performance , treadmill walking performance , brachial artery flow-mediated dilation , and quality of life but did not improve the short physical performance battery scores of PAD participants with and without intermittent claudication .  Lower extremity resistance training improved functional performance measured by treadmill walking , quality of life , and stair climbing ability . TRIAL REGISTRATION clinical trials.gov Identifier : NCT00106327 Loss of function and low exercise adherence is common among older people after hospitalization . The aim of this r and omized-controlled trial was to evaluate the effects of a combined counseling- and exercise program on changes in health-related quality of life ( HRQL ) and physical function in patients attending a day hospital and continuing exercise at home . The exercise program consisted of counseling , balance- and progressive resistance training and support from the physical therapist at Geriatric Day-Hospital ( GDH ) and home for the Intervention-group . The  Control-group received counseling , balance-training and support from the physical therapist .  The sample was recruited from a GDH in Norway . 108 participants were r and omized into the Intervention group ( IT ) ( n=53 ) or the Control group ( CT ) ( n=55 ) . After 3 months 77 participants were tested . The intention to treat analysis showed that the program had significant benefits in terms of Health Related Quality of Life , measured by SF-36 , on the domains vitality and bodily pain , in favor of the IT-group who performed the combined resistance exercises and balance program . All participants increased their scores on physical function , measured by Berg Balance Scale , Timed Up and Go , 5 times Sit-to-St and , 6 Min Walk Test and Activities Balance Confidence Scale , no group differences . Both groups were adherent to the  home exercise program The results show that it is possible to facilitate older people to increase their HRQL , physical function and level of physical activity through counseling , exercise and support from physical therapists This study aim ed to investigate the effects of training on health-related quality of life ( HRQoL ) , body composition , and function in older adults . Fifty participants were r and omized into aerobic training ( AT—70%-80 % HRreserve ) , resistance training ( RT—80 % 1RM ) , or controls . They had HRQoL , body composition , and function assessed before and after 8 months . Training groups reduced body fat , increased performance in the stair ascent , 8-ft up- and -go and sit-to-st and five-times tests , and improved their physical component score ( PCS ; p ≤ .03 ) . AT increased performance in the 6MWT test , and improved general and mental health ( MH ) domains when compared to controls ( p < .01 ) . Finally , changes in stair ascent were associated with changes in bodily pain , MH , and mental component score ( p ≤ .04 ) , while changes in h and grip strength were associated with changes in physical role and MH ( p = .03 ) . AT and RT were effective interventions for decreasing body fat and improving functionality and the PCS in older adults RATIONALE Excess mortality and residual disability are common after hip fracture . HYPOTHESIS Twelve months of high-intensity weight-lifting exercise and targeted multidisciplinary interventions will result in lower mortality , nursing home admissions , and disability compared with usual care after hip fracture . DESIGN R and omized , controlled , parallel-group superiority study . SETTING Outpatient clinic PARTICIPANTS Patients ( n = 124 ) admitted to public hospital for surgical repair of hip fracture between 2003 and 2007 . INTERVENTION Twelve months of geriatrician-supervised high-intensity weight-lifting exercise and targeted treatment of balance , osteoporosis , nutrition , vitamin D/calcium , depression , cognition , vision , home safety , polypharmacy , hip protectors , self-efficacy , and social support . OUTCOMES Functional independence : mortality , nursing home admissions , basic and instrumental activities of daily living ( ADLs/IADLs ) , and assistive device utilization . RESULTS Risk of death was reduced by 81 % ( age-adjusted OR [ 95 % CI ] = 0.19 [ 0.04 - 0.91 ] ; P < .04 ) in the HIPFIT group ( n = 4 ) compared with usual care controls ( n = 8) . Nursing home admissions were reduced by 84 % ( age-adjusted OR [ 95 % CI ] = 0.16 [ 0.04 - 0.64 ] ; P < .01 ) in the experimental group ( n = 5 ) compared with controls ( n = 12 ) . Basic ADLs declined less ( P < .0001 ) and assistive device use was significantly lower at 12 months ( P = .02 ) in the intervention group compared with controls . The targeted improvements in upper body strength , nutrition , depressive symptoms , vision , balance , cognition , self-efficacy , and habitual activity level were all related to ADL improvements ( P < .0001-.02 ) , and improvements in basic ADLs , vision , and walking endurance were associated with reduced nursing home use ( P < .0001-.05 ) . CONCLUSION The HIPFIT intervention reduced mortality , nursing home admissions , and ADL dependency compared with usual care The objectives of this research were to develop an aerobic step combined with resistance training exercise program , and to compare the effects of A ) aerobic step exercise training ( STE ) , B ) resistance aerobic exercise training ( RES ) , C ) a combined aerobic step with resistance exercise training ( COM ) on the health-related fitness , balance , and biochemical bone markers . Sixty participants were working female volunteers at the age of 35 - 45 . They were divided into 4 groups by simple r and om sampling method . Fifteen of the participants were in the STE group , 14 in the RES group , 15 in the COM group , and 16 in the control group ( CON ) . The STE , RES and COM exercise training programs were design ed to yield the same intensity and achieve the same range of heart rate during each stage of the program . During the training , music was used to set the tempo of the workouts . At the 8th week , it was found that resting heart rate and systolic blood pressure significantly-increased only in the STE and COM groups . After 16 weeks , the experiment results showed the significant improvement in the COM and STE groups of exercise training for β-CrossLaps , P1NP NMID Osteocalcin and bone formation ( PINP/β-CrossLaps x0.31 ) but not in the RES group . For balance ability , the COM group showed significantly greater change than the RES group after the training intervention ( p < 0.05 ) . It can thus be concluded that the STE and COM training were effective in improving bone formation ( PINP/β-CrossLaps x 0.31 ) but not in the RES group . For balance ability , the COM group showed more significant change than the RES group . Therefore , this is not only a good exercise choice for the working-age people but also it can help reduce the risks of osteoporosis and falling in women in particular BACKGROUND Previous studies suggest that qigong therapy has physiological benefits for adults with type 2 diabetes ; however , information about the psychological benefits of qigong therapy in this population is limited . OBJECTIVE The objective of this research project was to identify psychological responses to qigong vs control interventions in adults with type 2 diabetes . DESIGN The research team design ed a r and omized , controlled , three-arm clinical trial comparing 12 weeks of Yi Ren Medical Qigong ( YRMQ ) , progressive resistance training ( PRT ) , and st and ard care . SETTING The study was performed at Bastyr University Research Institute , Kenmore , Washington . PARTICIPANTS Participants were 13 men and 19 women ( N=32 ) with diagnosed type 2 diabetes , a mean age of 56.3 ± 8.1 ( st and ard deviation ) years , glycated hemoglobin > 7.5 % , and fasting blood glucose > 7 mmol/dL ( 126 mg/dL ) . INTERVENTION For 12 weeks , participants in the YRMQ and PRT group attended a 1-hour weekly group session that a certified instructor led and were instructed to practice at least twice a week for 30 minutes . PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES The research team used the Perceived Stress Scale and the Beck Depression Inventory scores to analyze the data . RESULTS YRMQ decreased perceived-stress scores by 29.3 % ( P < .05 ) and depression scores by 14.3 % ( not significant [ NS ] ) . The active control group , PRT , also decreased stress scores by 18.6 % ( NS ) and decreased depression scores by 50 % ( P < .03 ) . Stress and depression measures remained unchanged in the st and ard care group . CONCLUSION YRMQ and PRT may be beneficial in reducing perceived stress and improving depression in patients with type 2 diabetes , although verification of the clinical significance of these findings requires a longer study with a larger sample size OBJECTIVES To compare the effectiveness of a short-term leg-strengthening exercise program with that of attentional control on improving strength , walking abilities , and function 1 year after hip fracture . DESIGN R and omized controlled pilot study . SETTING Patients ' homes . PARTICIPANTS Community-dwelling older adults ( n=26 ) 6 months after hip fracture at baseline . INTERVENTION Exercise and control participants received interventions from physical therapists twice a week for 10 weeks . The exercise group received high-intensity leg-strengthening exercises . The control group received transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and mental imagery . MEASUREMENTS Isometric force production of lower extremity muscles , usual and fast gait speed , 6-minute walk ( 6-MW ) distance , modified Physical Performance Test ( mPPT ) , and Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short Form Survey ( SF-36 ) physical function . RESULTS The primary endpoint was 1 year after fracture . Isometric force production ( P=.006 ) , usual ( P=.02 ) and fast ( P=.03 ) gait speed , 6-MW distance ( P=.005 ) , and mPPT score ( P<.001 ) were improved 1 year after fracture with exercise . Effect sizes were 0.79 for strength , 0.81 for mPPT score , 0.56 for gait speed , 0.49 for 6-MW , and 0.30 for SF-36 score . More patients in the exercise group made meaningful changes in gait speed and 6-MW distance than control patients ( chi-square P=.004 ) . CONCLUSION A 10-week home-based progressive resistance exercise program was sufficient to achieve moderate to large effects on physical performance and quality of life and may offer an alternative intervention mode for patients with hip fracture who are unable to leave home by 6 months after the fracture . The effects were maintained at 3 months after completion of the training program ABSTRACT Background : Falls are associated with morbidity , loss of independence , and mortality . While l and -based group exercise and Tai Chi programs reduce the risk of falls , aquatic therapy may allow patients to complete balance exercises with less pain and fear of falling ; however , limited data exist . Objective : The objective of the study was to pilot the implementation of an aquatic group based on Ai Chi principles ( Aquabalance ) and to evaluate the safety , intervention acceptability , and intervention effect sizes . Design : Pilot observational cohort study . Methods : Forty-two out patients underwent a single 45-minute weekly group aquatic Ai Chi-based session for eight weeks ( Aquabalance ) . Safety was monitored using organizational reporting systems . Patient attendance , satisfaction , and self-reported falls were also recorded . Balance measures included the Timed Up and Go ( TUG ) test , the Four Square Step Test ( FSST ) , and the unilateral Step Tests . Results : Forty-two patients completed the program . It was feasible to deliver Aquabalance , as evidence d by the median ( IQR ) attendance rate of 8.0 ( 7.8 , 8.0 ) out of 8 . No adverse events occurred and participants reported high satisfaction levels . Improvements were noted on the TUG , 10-meter walk test , the Functional Reach Test , the FSST , and the unilateral step tests ( p < 0.05 ) . The proportion of patients defined as high falls risk reduced from 38 % to 21 % . The study was limited by its small sample size , single-center nature , and the absence of a control group . Conclusions : Aquabalance was safe , well-attended , and acceptable to participants . A r and omized controlled assessor-blinded trial is required OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of resistance training on the anxiety symptoms and quality of life in patients with Parkinson 's disease . METHODS Thirty-five elderly patients were r and omly divided into two groups : 17 patients in the control group and 18 in the intervention group . All patients maintained st and ard pharmacological treatment  for Parkinson 's disease , but the intervention group participated in a 24-week resistance training program . The anxiety symptoms were assessed through the Beck 's Anxiety Inventory , and quality of life by the Parkinson 's Disease Question naire-39 . RESULTS There was a significant reduction in anxiety level and increase in quality of life after 24 weeks of resistance training . CONCLUSION The results of the present study indicate that resistance training is an effective intervention in the reduction of anxiety symptoms and improves the quality of life in elderly people with Parkinson 's disease
target: Among the physical health measures , RT had the largest effect on body pain ( ES=0.81 , 95 % CI : 0.26 - 1.35 , I2=85.9).Initially , RT did not significantly affect measures of emotional role function , social function or physical role function .
  However , after removing a single study , RT significantly increased all HRQOL measures .
  Conclusion : The meta-analytic evidence presented in this research clearly supports the promotion of RT in improving HRQOL in older adults
background: Background : Resistance training ( RT ) is recommended as part of our national physical activity guidelines which includes working all major muscle groups on two or more days a week .
  Older adults can gain many health benefits from RT , such as increased muscle strength , increased muscle mass , and maintenance of bone density .
  Additionally , certain dimensions of health-related quality of life ( HRQOL ) have been shown to improve in older adults due to RT intervention .
  The purpose of this study was to use systematic review and meta-analytic techniques to examine the effect of RT on HRQOL in older adults .