title: Long-term evaluation of pulpotomy in primary molars using mineral trioxide aggregate or formocresol. Randomized controlled trial of mineral trioxide aggregate and formocresol for pulpotomy in primary molar teeth. Mineral trioxide aggregate vs. formocresol in pulpotomized primary molars: a preliminary report. Ferric sulfate as pulpotomy agent in primary teeth: twenty month clinical follow-up. Comparison of mineral trioxide aggregate and formocresol as pulp-capping agents in pulpotomized primary teeth. Success of mineral trioxide aggregate in pulpotomized primary molars. Treatment of vital and non-vital primary molar teeth by one-stage formocresol pulpotomy: clinical success and effect upon age at exfoliation.
abstract: PURPOSE The objective of this study was to assess the effect of mineral trioxide aggregate ( MTA ) as pulp dressing material following pulpotomy in primary molars with carious pulp exposure and compare them to those of formocresol ( FC ) . METHODS Of 33 children , primary molars treated via a conventional pulpotomy technique  were r and omly assigned to the MTA  group ( 33 teeth ) or FC  group ( 29 teeth ) . Clinical and radiographic follow-up ranged between 4 and 74 months . The mean follow-up time was 38 months , with no difference between the groups . Twenty-nine teeth were followed until uneventful shedding ( mean=33 months ) . Failures were detected after a mean period of 16 months ( range=4 to 30 ) . RESULTS The success rate of pulpotomy was 97 % for MTA ( 1 failure ) and 83 % for FC ( 5 failures ) . Eight teeth presented internal resorption . In 4 of them ( 2 of each group ) , progress of the resorption process stopped and the pulp tissue was replaced by a radioopaque calcified tissue . Pulp canal obliteration was observed in 58 % of the MTA group and in 52 % of the FC group ( total=55 % ) . CONCLUSIONS MTA showed a higher ( though not statistically significant ) long-term clinical and radiographic success rate than formocresol , and can be recommended as its replacement as , unlike FC , MTA does not induce undesirable responses AIM To compare the outcome after 6 months of the application of formocresol ( FC ) or mineral trioxide aggregate ( MTA ) during pulpotomy in primary molar teeth . METHODOLOGY A maximum of 126 children ( aged 5 - 9 years ) with carious primary teeth that required pulpotomy were selected . Following r and omization , a st and ard pulpotomy preparation was undertaken , and the coronal pulp removed and bleeding arrested . In the FC group , cotton balls , soaked in FC , were placed for 5 min , and then the pulp chamber was filled with Zonalin , a pulpotomy agent . In the MTA group , a 1-mm-thick paste of MTA was used as a pulpotomy agent . The crowns in both groups were restored with amalgam or glass ionomer .  The teeth of 100 patients were evaluated and compared clinical ly and radiographically after 3 and 6 months . RESULTS No signs of clinical failure were observed at the 3- and 6-month follow-up appointments in either group . There were no significant differences in the radiographic findings of the teeth and surrounding tissue at the 3-month follow-up . However , at the 6-month follow-up , significantly more cases ( P = 0.036 ) with root resorption were seen in the FC group ; no cases of resorption occurred amongst the MTA cases . The surrounding tissue showed radiographic signs of post-treatment disease in four FC cases ; none was seen in the MTA cases . CONCLUSION After 6 months , pulpotomy with MTA was associated with fewer cases of root resorption and post-treatment disease .  MTA appears to be a reliable alternative material for pulpotomy in primary molar teeth PURPOSE The aim of this study was to compare the effect of mineral trioxide aggregate ( MTA ) to that of formocresol ( FC ) as pulp dressing agents in pulpotomized primary molars with carious pulp exposure . METHODS Forty-five primary molars of 26 children were treated by a conventional pulpotomy technique . The teeth were r and omly assigned to the MTA ( experimental ) or FC ( control ) group by a toss of a coin . Following removal of the coronal pulp and hemostasis the pulp stumps were covered with an MTA paste in the experimental group . In the control group , FC was placed with a cotton pellet over the pulp stumps for 5 minutes and removed ; the pulp stumps were then covered by zinc oxide-eugenol ( ZOE ) paste . The teeth of both groups were restored with stainless steel crowns . Eighteen children with 32 teeth arrived for clinical and radiographic follow-up evaluation ranging from 6 to 30 months . RESULTS The follow-up evaluations revealed only one failure ( internal resorption detected at a 17 months postoperative evaluation ) in a molar treated with formocresol . None of the MTA-treated teeth showed any clinical or radiographic pathology . Pulp canal obliteration was observed in 9 of 32 ( 28 % ) evaluated molars . This finding was detected in 2 out of the 15 teeth treated with FC ( 13 % ) and in 7 out of the 17 treated with MTA ( 41 % ) . CONCLUSION MTA showed clinical and radiographic success as a dressing material following pulpotomy in primary teeth and seems to be a suitable replacement for formocresol in primary teeth Seventy primary molar teeth , carious exposed , symptom free , without any sign of root resorption in children aged from 3 to 6 years ( main age 4.3 yr ) were treated with conventional pulpotomy procedures . Ferric sulfate 15.5 % solution ( applied for 15 second for 35 teeth ) and formocresol solution ( five minute procedure of Buckley 's formula for next 35 teeth ) have been used as pulpotomy agents . In both groups , pulp stumps were covered with zinc-oxide eugenol paste . Permanent restorations were stainless steel crowns . Clinical check up was every three-months and radiographic follow-up time was six and twenty months after treatment . Our results within this period revealed 100 % clinical success rate in both groups . Radiographic success rate was in both groups 97.2 % , while in 2.8 % cases has shown internal root resorption . On the basis of these results , we can recommend ferric sulfate as a pulpotomy agent in primary teeth in substitution for formocresol at the moment PURPOSE The aim of this study was to use clinical , radiographic , and histologic examinations to compare the relative success of gray mineral trioxide aggregate ( MTA ) , white MTA , and formocresol as pulp dressings in pulpotomized primary teeth . METHODS Twenty-four children , each with at least 3 primary molars requiring pulpotomy , were selected for this study 's clinical and radiographic portion . An additional 15 carious primary teeth planned for serial extraction were selected for this study 's histologic portion . All selected teeth were evenly divided into 3 test groups and treated with pulpotomies . Gray MTA was used as the pulp dressing for one third of the teeth , white MTA was the dressing for one third , and the remaining one third were treated with formocresol . The treated teeth selected for the clinical and radiographic evaluations were monitored periodically for 12 months . The treated teeth selected for histologic study were monitored periodically and extracted 6 months postoperatively . RESULTS Four children with 12 pulpotomized teeth failed to return for any follow-up evaluations in the clinical and radiographic study . Of the remaining 60 teeth in 20 patients , 1 tooth ( gray MTA ) exfoliated normally and 6 teeth ( 4 white MTA and 2 formocresol ) failed due to abscesses . The remaining 53 teeth appeared to be clinical ly and radiographically successful 12 months postoperatively . Pulp canal obliteration was a radiographic finding in 11 teeth treated with gray MTA and 1 tooth treated with white MTA . In the histologic study , both types of MTA successfully induced thick dentin bridge formation at the amputation sites , while formocresol induced thin , poorly calcified dentin . Teeth treated with gray MTA demonstrated pulp architecture nearest to normal pulp by preserving the odontoblastic layer and delicate fibrocellular matrix , yet few inflammatory cells or isolated calcified bodies were seen . Teeth treated with white MTA showed a denser fibrotic pattern , with more isolated calcifications in the pulp tissue along with secondary dentin formation . CONCLUSIONS Gray MTA appears to be superior to white MTA and formocresol as a pulp dressing for pulpotomized primary teeth UNLABELLED The aim of the present study was to compare , clinical ly and radiographically , the mineral trioxide aggregate ( MTA ) to formocresol ( FC ) when used as medicaments in pulpotomized vital human primary molars . METHODS The sample consisted of 120 primary molars , all teeth were treated with the same conventional pulpotomy technique .  Sixty molars received FC and 60 received MTA throughout a r and om selection technique . RESULTS At the end of 24-month evaluation period , 74 molars ( 36 FC , 38 MTA ) were available for clinical and radiographic evaluation . None of the MTA treated teeth showed any clinical or radiographic pathology , while the FC group showed a success rate of 86.8 % radiographically and 98.6 % clinical ly . The difference between the two groups in the radiographic outcomes was statistically significant . It was concluded that MTA treated molars demonstrated significantly greater success .  MTA seems to be a suitable replacement for formocresol in pulpotomized primary teeth The clinical success and effect upon the age at which teeth exfoliated was prospect ively observed in 175 primary molars that had received formoceresol pulpotomies performed by one operator . The success rate among 142 vital teeth was 99.3 % and among 33 non-vital teeth 84.8 % . There was no significant effect upon age at exfoliation after either type of pulpal treatment
target: Conclusion : Primary molars pulpotomy with MTA have better clinical and radiographic success rates than FC . (
background: Introduction : There are various studies looking at the effects of formocresol ( FC ) and mineral trioxide aggregate ( MTA ) on pulpotomy of primary molars .
  This is a systematic review of literature comparing the success rates of MTA and FC in pulpotomy of primary molars .