title: Early loading of sandblasted and acid-etched implants: a randomized-controlled double-blind split-mouth study. Five-year results. Immediate restoration of nonsubmerged titanium implants with a sandblasted and acid-etched surface: five-year results of a prospective case series study using clinical and radiographic data. Early loading of non-submerged titanium implants with a sandblasted and acid-etched surface. 5-year results of a prospective study in partially edentulous patients. AICRG, Part V: Factors influencing implant stability at placement and their influence on survival of Ankylos implants. Three-year data from a randomizd, controlled study of early loading of single-stage dental implants supporting maxillary full-arch prostheses. Early loading of nonsubmerged titanium implants with a chemically modified sand-blasted and acid-etched surface: 6-month results of a prospective case series study in the posterior mandible focusing on peri-implant crestal bone changes and implant stability quotient (ISQ) values. Early loading of sandblasted, acid-etched implants in the posterior maxilla and mandible: a 1-year follow-up report from a multicenter 3-year prospective study. A prospective study evaluating a protocol for 6 weeks' loading of SLA implants in the posterior maxilla: one year results. Early loading of mandibular full-arch bridges screw retained after 1 week to four to five Monotype® implants: 3-year results from a prospective multicentre study. A 5-year prospective multicenter study of early loaded titanium implants with a sandblasted and acid-etched surface. Early loading after 21 days of healing of nonsubmerged titanium implants with a chemically modified sandblasted and acid-etched surface: two-year results of a prospective two-center study. The use of reduced healing times on ITI implants with a sandblasted and acid-etched (SLA) surface: early results from clinical trials on ITI SLA implants. Immediate loading of 2 interforaminal dental implants supporting an overdenture: clinical and radiographic results after 24 months. Immediate and early loading of Straumann implants with a chemically modified surface (SLActive) in the posterior mandible and maxilla: 1-year results from a prospective multicenter study. A prospective multicenter 5-year radiographic evaluation of crestal bone levels over time in 596 dental implants placed in 192 patients. Early loading (2 or 6 weeks) of sandblasted and acid-etched (SLA) ITI implants in the posterior mandible. A 1-year randomized controlled clinical trial. Early loading at 21 days of non-submerged titanium implants with a chemically modified sandblasted and acid-etched surface: 3-year results of a prospective study in the posterior mandible. Immediate vs. early loading of SLA implants in the posterior mandible: 5-year results of randomized controlled clinical trial. Early loading of ITI implants supporting a maxillary full-arch prosthesis: 1-year data of a prospective, randomized study. Early complete failures of fixed implant-supported prostheses in the edentulous maxilla: a 3-year analysis of 17 consecutive cluster failure patients. Immediate loading of implants in the edentulous maxilla: use of an interim fixed prosthesis followed by a permanent fixed prosthesis: a 32-month prospective radiological and clinical study.
abstract: OBJECTIVES The aim of the present split-mouth study is to assess the peri-implant conditions around early-loaded s and blasted and acid-etched ( SLA ) implants , 5 years after abutment connection and to compare , in the same patients , the results obtained with a st and ard protocol using identical implants with a TPS surface . MATERIAL AND METHODS Surgical procedure was performed by the same operator and was identical at test ( SLA ) and control ( TPS ) sites , in 32 healthy patients . Abutment connection was carried out at 35 N cm 6 weeks postsurgery for test sites and 12 weeks for the controls . Patients were seen regularly , for control and professional cleaning . At 60 months , clinical measures and radiographic bone changes were recorded by the same operator , blind to the type of surface of the implant , on 27 patients , as five patients were lost to follow-up . RESULTS A total number of 106 implants were examined . No implant was lost . No significant differences were found with respect to the presence of plaque [ modified plaque index ( mPI ) 0.27+/-0.56 vs. 0.32+/-0.54 ] , bleeding on probing ( 29 % vs. 32 % ) , mean pocket depth ( 3.2+/-1 vs. 3.2+/-1 mm ) or mean marginal bone loss ( 0.32+/-1.04 vs. 0.44+/-1.12 mm ) between test and control . Four implants that presented ' spinning ' at the time of abutment connection presented no significant differences from the rest of the test sites . CONCLUSION The results of this prospect i ve study confirm that SLA implants , under defined conditions , are suitable for early loading at 6 weeks in both the m and ible and the maxilla . Limited implant spinning , occasionally found at abutment connection , produces no detrimental effect on the clinical outcome when properly h and led The aim of this study was to evaluate the survival and success rates of immediately restored implants with s and blasted , large-grit , acid-etched ( SLA ) surfaces over a period of 5 years . Twenty patients ( mean age , 47.3 years ) received a total of 21 SLA wide-neck implants in healed m and ibular first molar sites after initial periodontal treatment . To be included in the study , the implants had to demonstrate primary stability with an insertion torque value of 35 Ncm . A provisional restoration was fabricated chairside and placed on the day of surgery . Definitive cemented restorations were inserted 8 weeks after surgery . Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs ( CPITN ) indices and the radiographic distance between the implant shoulder and the first visible bone-implant contact ( DIB ) were measured and compared over the study period . The initial mean CPITN was 3.24 , and decreased over the study period to 1.43 . At the postoperative radiographic examination , the mean DIB was 1.41 mm for the 21 implants , indicating that part of the machined neck of the implants was placed slightly below the osseous crest . The mean DIB value increased to 1.99 mm at the 5-year examination . This increase proved to be statistically significant ( P < .0001 ) . Between the baseline and 5-year examinations , the mean bone crest level loss was 0.58 mm . Success and survival rates of the 21 implants after 5 years of function were 100 % . This 5-year study confirms that immediate restoration of m and ibular molar wide-neck implants with good primary stability , as noted by insertion torque values of at least 35 Ncm , is a safe and predictable procedure OBJECTIVES The aim of this prospect i ve cohort study was to evaluate the success rate of titanium screw-type implants with the s and blasted and acid-etched ( SLA ) surface loaded early , after 6 weeks of healing . MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 104 implants were inserted into posterior sites of 51 partially edentulous patients exhibiting bone densities of class I-III . After a healing period of 6 weeks , all implants were functionally loaded with cemented crowns or fixed partial dentures . The patients were recalled at 3 , 12 , 24 , 36 , 48 and 60 months for clinical and radiographic examination . RESULTS One implant failed to integrate during healing , and three implants were lost to follow-up and were considered drop-outs . The remaining 100 implants showed favorable clinical and radiographic findings at the 5-year examination . The peri-implant soft tissues were stable over time ; the mean probing depths and mean attachment levels did not change during the follow-up period . None of the radiographs exhibited signs of continuous peri-implant radiolucency , which confirmed ankylotic stability for all 100 implants . The measurement of the bone crest levels ( DIB values ) indicated stability as well . Based on strict success criteria , all 100 implants were considered successfully integrated , result ing in a 5-year success rate of 99 % . CONCLUSION This prospect i ve study using an early loading protocol with 6 weeks of healing demonstrated that titanium implants with the SLA surface can achieve and maintain successful tissue integration with high predictability for at least 5 years of follow-up in selected patients and sites PROBLEM Several factors influence primary stabilization of  dental implants  at placement surgery . These include implant design , bone quality , implant jaw location , and the use of a bone tap . PURPOSE This report evaluates clinical data gathered by the Ankylos Implant Clinical Research Group ( AICRG ) to assess ( 1 ) the influence of several variables on primary stability and ( 2 ) the potential for an Ankylos implant ( Friadent GmbH , Mannheim , Germany ) that is mobile at placement to integrate and survive for at least 3 years of clinical function . METHODS The Ankylos implant is a roughened grade -2 titanium screw .  A total of 1554 implants were placed in 478 patients . At both the time of placement and abutment connection , the implants were tested for evidence of clinical mobility by attempting to rotate or move the implant with an application of force . Survival was recorded from placement and up to 36 months following placement . RESULTS At placement , 2.8 % were found to be mobile . In the maxillary posterior quadrant , 6.3 % were clinical ly mobile . Implant mobility was frequent ( 12.2 % ) in jaw regions with poor- quality bone ( BQ-4 ) or with short implants ( 8 mm = 8.3 % mobile ) . Of the implants mobile at placement , 97.7 % were stable at uncovering . The 3-year postplacement survival of initially mobile implants was 84.1 % compared with 96.8 % for implants not mobile at placement ( chi2 test , P = .001 ) . CONCLUSIONS The Ankylos implant predictably promoted primary stability during surgical placement . Poor bone quality , short implants , and maxillary posterior jaw locations were all associated with a slightly higher rate of mobility at placement . Primary implant stability , while highly desirable , is not absolutely necessary for achieving osseointegration of PURPOSE The aim of this 3-year r and omized controlled trial ( RCT ) was to compare biologic and technical treatment outcomes and patient satisfaction after early ( < or = 14 days postimplantation ) loaded implants with those of implants loaded after a healing period of 3 to 4 months in the edentulous maxilla . MATERIAL S AND METHODS Twenty-four patients with completely edentulous maxillae were r and omized into a test group ( n = 16 ) and a control group ( n = 8) . All patients received 5 or 6 solid screw-type titanium implants with s and blasted , large-grit , acid-etched ( SLA ) surfaces . In total , 142 implants were placed and 139 implants were loaded with full-arch prostheses  . Clinical assessment s were obtained at loading and after 3 , 6 , 12 , 24 , and 36 months . Radiographs of implants and existing teeth were taken at loading ; after 6 , 12 , 24 , and 36 months ; and at 12 , 24 , and 36 months , respectively . RESULTS The cumulative implant success rate 3 years after loading was 100 % . At the 3-year examination the mean ( P < or = .005 ) , distal ( P < or = .005 ) , and mesial ( P > .05 ) crestal bone levels were better in the test group . No significant differences between the test and control groups were noted for any other outcome measure . The most common adverse event in both groups was tooth-crown fracture . DISCUSSION A review of the literature , both printed and electronic , revealed no study fulfilling the criteria of an RCT dealing with the early loading of maxillary full-arch prostheses . This study fulfills those criteria . CONCLUSION In this study population it has been concluded that the early ( approximately 2 weeks ) loading protocol is a viable alternative to the st and ard ( 3 to 4 months ) protocol in the rehabilitation of a completely edentulous maxilla with a complete implant-supported fixed prosthesis PURPOSE The aim of this prospect i ve case series study was to evaluate the short-term success rates of  titanium screw-type implants  with a chemically modified s and -blasted and acid-etched ( mod SLA ) surface after 3 weeks of healing . MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 56 implants were inserted in the posterior m and ible of 40 partially edentulous patients exhibiting bone densities of class I to III . After a healing period of 3 weeks , all implants were functionally loaded with a screw-retained crown or fixed dental prosthesis . The patients were recalled at weeks 4 , 7 , 12 , and 26 for monitoring and assessment of clinical and radiological parameters , including implant stability quotient ( ISQ ) measurements . RESULTS None of the implants failed to integrate . However , two implants were considered " spinners " at day 21 and left unloaded for an extended period . Therefore , 96.4 % of the inserted implants were loaded according to the protocol tested . All 56 implants including the " spinners " showed favorable clinical and radiographic findings at the 6-month follow-up examination . The ISQ values increased steadily throughout the follow-up period . At the time of implant placement , the range of ISQ values exhibited a mean of 74.33 , and by week 26 , a mean value of 83.82 was recorded . Based on strict criteria , all 56 implants were considered successfully integrated , result ing in a 6-month survival and success rate of 100.0 % . CONCLUSION This prospect i ve study using an early-loading protocol after 3 weeks of healing demonstrated that titanium implants with the modified SLA surface can achieve and maintain successful tissue integration over a period of at least 6 months . The ISQ method seems feasible to monitor implant stability during the initial wound-healing period PURPOSE The aim of the present study was to evaluate the concept of an immediate loading protocol in the posterior maxilla and m and ible through analysis of implant survival at 1 year . MATERIAL S AND METHODS One year follow-up data of a multicenter study are reported . Eighty-two ITI s and blasted , acid-etched ( SLA ) implants in 40 patients were loaded between 0 and 11 days after implant placement ( mean 4.3 + /- 2.8 days ) . The restorations consisted of either 2 splinted crowns or a 3-unit fixed prosthesis . All restorations were put into full functional occlusion . Periapical radiographs were evaluated for changes in crestal bone level from baseline to 1 year postloading . Primary stability of the implants was checked initially and before the fitting of the definitive prosthesis . The restorations were evaluated by the practitioners for retention , stability , and esthetics . RESULTS Three patients ' implants were not loaded because of lack of primary stability , and a fourth patient was excluded from the study because of a protocol violation ( more than 4 implants were used ) . All 4 patients were successfully treated outside the protocol . The overall survival rate of the remaining implants at 1 year was 98.8 % . The mean bone loss at 1 year was 0.52 + /- 0.98 mm , which is within the reported limits of less than 1 mm ( range 0.4 to 1.4 mm ) loss in the first year . DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The early results from this study indicate that early and immediate loading of 2 implants in the posterior maxilla and m and ible may be suitable in selected patients . On the basis of 1 year of observation , the results appear similar to those achieved with a delayed procedure Experimental and clinical studies have shown that modification of implant surfaces can result in increased bone-to-implant contact at earlier times thus reducing the healing period between surgery and prosthesis . S and blasted and acid-etched ( SLA ) implants are in this category and have successfully undergone early loading in patients with good bone quality and quantity . Nevertheless , premature loading of SLA implants was not routinely possible in predominantly trabecular bone , such as the posterior maxilla , as it is often characterized by a deficiency in initial bone to implant contact . The purpose of this prospect i ve clinical investigation is to evaluate the efficacy of a modified surgical protocol followed by loading SLA implants at 6 weeks in the posterior maxilla . Drilling was limited to the minimum , and most of the site preparation was produced with osteotomes . Screw tapping was never performed and primary stability was always achieved . Abutment connection was carried out at 15 Ncm 43 ( + /- 1 ) days after surgery and provisional restoration was fabricated . Further abutment tightening at 35 Ncm was performed after an additional 6 weeks . Of the 36 SLA implants placed in 19 patients , one was lost before final restoration .  Clinical and radiographic measures were taken at baseline and 1 year postoperatively . The preliminary results suggest that , by means of the surgical and restorative technique presented , SLA implants are suitable for loading at 6 weeks in the posterior maxilla . More years of observation will verify whether osseointegration can be equally maintained over a long period OBJECTIVES This prospect i ve multicentre study provides clinical experience up to 3 years to support a simplified treatment for m and ibular edentulism within 1 week by using one-stage implant surgery and a screw-retained full-arch bridge . METHODS Two hundred and fifty ITI Monotype ® implants were installed in 62 patients out of 66 patients ; 60 patients got four implants each and two got five implants . After 1 week , a final bridge was in function . Radiographs were taken as baseline for vertical bone loss up to 3 years post-loading for the whole cluster and specific effects of gender , centre , age , bone class , implant length over time were compiled . Clinical ( mPI , SBI ) and subjective parameters such as general oral hygiene and patient satisfaction were recorded and repeated at specified intervals up to 3 years . RESULTS Four patients were excluded at surgery and are not involved in the follow-ups . At 1 year , 61 patients ( 244 implants ) were evaluable and all bridges were in function . After 3 years , 49 patients ( 194 implants ) came to control . Eight patients died during the follow-up period . Three patients lost one implant each . The cumulative implant survival rate was 98.55 % and the success rate for the prosthesis was 100 % . As calculated from measurable radiographs , the mean bone level at baseline was 1.63±0.78 and at 1 and 3 years 2.50±0.60 and 2.56±0.74 , respectively . Using the mixed model analysis and Friedman test , the time in situ , centre and bone class had significant effect on the bone resorption and to some small extent even , the implant length . Gender and age were unaffected . Oral hygiene and patient satisfaction of the treatment were improved . CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that one-part self-tapping s and blasted , large-grit , acid-etched ( SLA ) implants are suitable for loading within 1 week . In the whole period , the mean bone crestal resorption was < 1 mm , which is in agreement with other similar studies PURPOSE For dental implants to be successful , osseointegration must occur , but it is unknown how much time must pass for osseointegration to be established . Pre clinical studies suggested that titanium implants with a s and blasted and acid-etched ( SLA ) surface were more osteoconductive and allowed more rapid osseointegration than machined or turned implant surfaces . The hypothesis of this study was that implants with an SLA surface could be loaded in half the conventional healing time of machined-surface implants and that , after loading , the implants would be successful for 5 years . MATERIAL S AND METHODS A prospect i ve multicenter clinical study was conducted with 439 implants placed in native bone in 135 edentulous and partially edentulous patients . Abutments were attached to the implant with 35 Ncm of torque without countertorque after 6 weeks in type I to III bone and after 12 weeks in type IV bone . The patients were carefully evaluated for 5 years . RESULTS Most implants were placed in nonsmoking , nondiabetic patients with a mean age of 55 years ( range , 21 to 82 years ) . Eighty percent of the implants were 10 or 12 mm long , 96 % had a diameter of 4.1 mm , and 78 % were placed in type II or III bone . Patients maintained good oral hygiene and were satisfied with the restorations . Four implants failed , and one implant was deemed unsuccessful between surgery and the 1-year postloading visit . No implants failed or were unsuccessful in subsequent years . The cumulative survival and success rates for 385 implants in 120 patients after 5 years were 99.1 % and 98.8 % , respectively . CONCLUSION Implants with an SLA surface can be restored in 6 weeks for type I to III bone and 12 weeks for type IV bone . Furthermore , they can be maintained after loading for 5 years with very high success and survival rates PURPOSE The aim of this two-center study was to evaluate screw-type titanium implants with a chemically modified , s and blasted and acid-etched surface when placed in the posterior maxilla or m and ible , and loaded 21 days after placement . MATERIAL AND METHODS All 56 patients met strict inclusion criteria and provided informed consent . Each patient displayed either a single-tooth gap , an extended edentulous space , or a distal extension situation in the posterior m and ible or maxilla . Eighty-nine dental implants  ( SLActive , Institut Straumann AG , Basel , Switzerl and ) were inserted according to an established nonsubmerged protocol and underwent undisturbed healing for a period of 21 days . Where appropriate , the implants were loaded after 21 days of healing with provisional restorations in full occlusion . Definitive metal ceramic restorations were fabricated and positioned on each implant after 6 months of healing . Clinical measurements regarding soft tissue parameters and radiographs were obtained at different time points up to 24 months after implant placement . RESULTS Of the 89 inserted implants , two ( 2.2 % ) implants failed to integrate and were removed during healing , and two ( 2.2 % ) additional implants required a prolonged healing time . A total of 85 ( 95.6 % ) implants were therefore loaded without incident after 21 days of healing . No additional implant was lost throughout the study period , whereas one implant was lost to follow-up and therefore left unaccounted for further analysis . The remaining 86 implants all exhibited favorable radiographic and clinical findings . Based on strict success criteria , these implants were considered successfully integrated 2 years after insertion , result ing in a 2-year success rate of 97.7 % . CONCLUSION The results of this prospect i ve two-center study demonstrate that titanium implants with a modified SLA surface can predictably achieve successful tissue integration when loaded in full occlusion 21 days after placement . Integration could be maintained without incident for at least 2 years of follow-up ITI dental implants are available with two bone-anchoring surfaces , a titanium plasma-sprayed ( TPS ) surface , and a recently introduced s and blasted and acid-etched ( SLA ) surface . Cell culture and animal tests demonstrate that the SLA surface stimulates bone cell differentiation and protein production , has large amounts of bone-to-implant contact , and results in large removal torque values in functional testing of the bone contact . As a result of these studies , a prospect i ve human clinical trial was initiated to determine whether the 4.1 mm diameter SLA ITI solid screw implants could be predictably and safely restored as early as six weeks after implant placement surgery . The protocol restricted the use of the reduced healing time to a ) healthy patients with sufficient bone volume to surround the implant , and b ) those patients who had good bone quality ( classes I-III ) at the implant recipient site . Patients with poorer bone quality ( class IV ) did not have restorations until 12 weeks after implant placement . The clinical trial is an ongoing multicenter trial , with six centers in four countries , and with follow-up over five years . The primary outcome variable was abutment placement with a 35 Ncm force , with no countertorque and no pain or rotation of the implant . A secondary outcome was implant success , as defined by no mobility , no persistent pain or infection , and no peri-implant radiolucency . To date , 110 patients with 326 implants have completed the one-year post-loading recall visit , while 47 patients with 138 implants have completed the two-year recall . Three implants were lost prior to abutment connection . Prosthetic restoration was commenced after shortened healing times on 307 implants . The success rate for these implants , as judged by abutment placement , was 99.3 % ( with an average healing time of 49 days ) . Life table analyses demonstrated an implant success rate of 99.1 % , both for 329 implants at one year and for 138 implants at two years . In the 24-month period after restoration , no implant losses were reported for the 138 implants . These results demonstrate that , under defined conditions , solid screw ITI implants with an SLA endosseous surface can be restored after approximately six weeks of healing with a high predictability of success , defined by abutment placement at 35 Ncm without countertorque , and with subsequent implant success rates of greater than 99 % two years after restoration PURPOSE In this study , preliminary results of immediate loading of ITI s and blasted , large-grit , acid-etched ( SLA ) implants with a bar-connected overdenture in the edentulous m and ible are presented . MATERIAL S AND METHODS Ten edentulous patients between 48 and 74 years old were included in this study . All patients received 2 SLA-surfaced ITI solid-screw dental implants in the interforaminal region , which were loaded with a bar connector and an overdenture 1 day after implant placement . Marginal bone resorption was evaluated using periapical radiographs . Gingival health ( ie , Bleeding Index ) and patient satisfaction ( measured using a visual analog scale ) were evaluated . Follow-up time was 24 to 36 months ( mean time 29.8 months ) after implant loading . RESULTS Twenty-four months after placement , none of the 20 implants had failed . Marginal bone resorption around all implants after 12 months averaged 0.71 mm , and 92 % of the sites had a Bleeding Index of 0 . Between 12 and 24 months , average bone resorption was an additional 0.08 mm . All patients demonstrated an improved quality of life . DISCUSSION The amount of bone resorption was comparable to amounts reported in studies with st and ard loading times . The low rate of inflammation of the peri-implant soft tissue and the high level of patient satisfaction in this study demonstrate encouraging short-term results . CONCLUSION The results suggest that immediate loading of 2 dental implants can be successful and further support the use of a rough implant surface in residual bone OBJECTIVE Immediate and early loading of implants can simplify treatment and increase patient satisfaction . This 3-year r and omized-controlled trial will therefore evaluate survival rates and bone-level changes with immediately and early loaded Straumann implants with the SLActive surface . MATERIAL AND METHODS Partially edentulous patients > or=18 years of age were enrolled . Patients received a temporary restoration ( single crown or two to four unit fixed partial denture ) out of occlusal contact either immediately ( immediate loading ) or 28 - 34 days later ( early loading group ) , with permanent restorations placed 20 - 23 weeks after surgery . The primary endpoint was change in crestal bone level from baseline ( implant placement ) to 12 months ; the secondary variables were implant survival and success rates . RESULTS A total of 383 implants ( 197 immediate and 186 early ) were placed in 266 patients ; 41.8 % were placed in type III and IV bone . The mean patient age was 46.3+/-12.8 years . Four implants failed in the immediate loading group and six in the early loading group , giving implant survival rates of 98 % and 97 % , respectively ( P = NS ) . There were no implant failures in type IV bone . The overall mean bone level change from baseline to 12 months was 0.77+/-0.93 mm ( 0.90+/-0.90 and 0.63+/-0.95 mm in the immediate and early groups , respectively ; P<0.001 ) . However , a significant difference in implantation depth between the two groups ( P<0.0001 ) was found . After adjusting for this slight difference in initial surgical placement depth , time to loading no longer had a significant influence on bone-level change . Significant influence was found for : center ( P<0.0001 ) , implant length ( P<0.05 ) and implant position ( P<0.0001 ) . Bone gain was observed in approximately 16 % of implants . CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrated that Straumann implants with the SLActive surface are safe and predictable when used in immediate and early loading procedures . Even in poor- quality bone , survival rates were comparable with those from conventional or delayed loading . The mean bone-level change was not deemed to be clinical ly significant and compared well with the typical bone resorption observed in conventional implant loading BACKGROUND Dental implants have been used to replace missing teeth to provide function and esthetics . One goal of such restorations is to maintain host tissue around the implants . The purpose of this prospect i ve multicenter human clinical trial was to evaluate radiographic marginal bone levels around non-submerged hollow cylindrical and solid-screw implants for 5 years after loading . METHODS Patients older than 18 years of age with sufficient native bone to surround a dental implant without imposing on a vital structure were recruited at five sites .  Solid-screw or hollow-cylinder implants with a titanium plasma-sprayed implant surface were placed in the anterior maxilla or anterior m and ible and restored with fixed restorations . Baseline radiographs were taken at the time of implant placement . Subsequent radiographs were taken at the time of final prosthesis placement , at 6 months after prosthesis placement , and annually from prosthesis placement for 5 years . RESULTS The results of 596 implants in 192 patients at five international sites revealed that clinical ly significant remodeling of the marginal bone occurred during the first 6 months after implant placement , with a mean ( + /- SD ) marginal bone loss of 2.44 + /- 1.20 mm . After that , clinical ly insignificant mean changes in the bone were observed . Overall , 0.22 + /- 0.42 mm of bone loss occurred between the time of prosthesis placement and 1-year postloading . Between 1-year postloading and the last 5-year recall , 0.18 + /- 0.88 mm bone loss occurred . Because 2.84 + /- 1.63 mm of bone loss occurred between implant placement and the 5-year postloading follow-up , 86 % of the total mean bone loss over the course of 5 years was accounted for at the time of prosthesis placement . These same trends occurred if the data were analyzed with regard to implant design ( solid screw and hollow cylinder ) , type of restoration ( single and multiple ) , and length of implant ( 8 to 10 , 12 , and 14 to 16 mm ) . CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that , in general , clinical ly significant marginal bone remodeling occurred between the time of implant placement and final prosthesis placement around one-stage non-submerged titanium implants with a titanium plasma-sprayed surface . Subsequent to that , bone loss observed around implants up to 5 years postloading was minimal . These results suggest that the factors that influence early healing around implants are significantly different from those that affect later marginal bone remodeling UNLABELLED The aim of this 1-year prospect i ve controlled clinical trial was to evaluate the effect of early loading of ITI solid screw titanium implants with a s and blasted and acid-etched ( SLA ) surface on clinical and radiographic parameters . MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty-seven consecutively admitted patients presenting bilateral edentulous posterior m and ibular areas and in need of prosthetic reconstruction were recruited . Sixty-seven ITI st and ard solid screw implants with an SLA surface , a diameter of 4.1 mm and a length of 8 , 10 or 12 mm were installed bilaterally in molar and premolar areas according to a one-stage surgical protocol . One week ( test ) and 5 weeks ( control ) after implant placement , solid ITI prosthetic abutments were connected using a torque of 35 N cm . No provisional restoration was fabricated . Two weeks ( test ) and 6 weeks ( control ) after implant placement , porcelain-fused-to-metal single-tooth crowns were cemented . Clinical measurements were obtained at day 0 and 2 , 6 , 12 , 24 and 52 weeks thereafter . Periapical radiographs were taken immediately after implant placement , after 6 weeks and at the 1-year examination . RESULTS After 1 year , implant survival was 100 % . Two test and one control implants rotated at the time of abutment connection and were left unloaded for 12 additional weeks . At the 1-year examination , no statistically significant differences were found between the test and control sites with respect to pocket probing depths ( 2.6 mm + /- 0.5 vs. 2.7 mm + /- 0.5 ) , mean clinical attachment levels ( 3.1 mm + /- 0.4 vs. 3.2 mm + /- 0.5 ) , mean percentages of sites bleeding on probing ( 9.7 % vs. 8.3 % ) , mean widths of keratinized mucosa ( 1.8 mm + /- 0.4 vs. 1.9 mm + /- 0.5 ) , mean PerioTest values ( -1.4 PTV + /- 0.9 vs. -1.6 PTV + /- 0.8 ) or mean crestal bone loss measurements ( 0.57 mm + /- 0.49 vs. 0.72 mm + /- 0.50 ) . CONCLUSION Based on these results , loading of titanium implants with an SLA surface as early as 2 weeks did not appear to jeopardize the osseointegration healing process in the posterior m and ible . Furthermore , implants rotating at 35 N cm , if left unloaded for additional 12 weeks , did not negatively affect clinical and radiographic outcomes BACKGROUND This study evaluates 3-year success rates of  titanium screw-type implants with a chemically modified s and blasted and acid-etched surface ( mod SLA ) , which were functionally loaded after 3 weeks of healing . METHODS A total of 56 implants , inserted in the posterior m and ibles of 39 partially edentulous patients , underwent undisturbed healing for 3 weeks . At day 21 , the implants were fully loaded with provisional crowns . Definitive metal ceramic restorations were fabricated after 6 months of healing . Clinical measurements regarding soft tissue parameters and radiographs were obtained at different time points up to 36 months after implant placement . The soft tissue and radiographic parameters for the mod SLA implants after 3 years in function were compared to a historic control group of implants with an SLA surface using an early loading protocol after 6 weeks . RESULTS None of the implants failed to integrate . However , two implants were considered " spinners " at day 21 and were left unloaded for an extended period . Therefore , 96.4 % of the inserted implants were loaded according to the protocol tested . All 56 implants , including the " spinners , " showed favorable clinical and radiographic findings at the 3-year follow-up examination . All 56 implants were considered successfully integrated , result ing in a 3-year survival and success rate of 100 % . Dental implants with a mod SLA surface demonstrated statistically significant differences for probing depths and clinical attachment level values compared to the historic control group , with the mod SLA surface implants having overall lower probing depths and clinical attachment level scores . CONCLUSION This prospect i ve study using an early loading protocol demonstrates that titanium implants with the mod SLA surface can achieve and maintain successful tissue integration over a period of 3 years OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to compare clinical results of immediate and early loading ( EL ) self-tapping implants placed in posterior m and ibles . MATERIAL AND METHODS Twelve patients with bilateral edentulous posterior m and ibular were r and omly assigned to treatment either with immediate ( test ) or early loaded implants ( control ) . Seventy-two self-tapping implants  with SLA surface ( Ø 4 , 1/4 , 8 mm ; length 8 and 10 mm ) were analyzed in this study . Test implants ( 36 ) were loaded on the day of surgery and control implants 6 weeks later . The measuring of implant stability quotient ( ISQ ) was performed on 0 , 6th , 12th , and 52nd week after implant insertion . The bone resorption , modified plaque , and bleeding index were notified at 1 and 5 years later . RESULTS After 5 years , survival in the both groups was 100 % . The mean value of primary implant stability was 76.92 ± 0.79 ISQ . In the first 6 weeks , ISQ values significantly increased in the test group ( 77.92 ± 1.16 vs. 79.61 ± 0.90 ) as well as in the control group ( 7.92 ± 1.05 vs. 77.55 ± 0.99 ) . A significant longitudinal increase in ISQ value was recorded in test and control group . The differences between immediate and early loaded implants were statistically insignificant ( P > 0.05 ) . At the 5 years , no statistically significant differences were found between immediate and early loaded implants with respect to mean crestal bone loss measurements ( 0.4 ± 0.24 vs. 0.8 ± 0.15 mm ) , mean bleeding index ( 0.22 ± 0.11 vs. 0.25 ± 0.11 ) , and mean plaque index ( 0.17 ± 0.15 vs. 0.19 ± 0.20 ) . CONCLUSION Based on these results , the self-tapping implants inserted in posterior m and ible can provide adequate primary stability value as the main factor for immediate and EL protocol PURPOSE This prospect i ve , r and omized study investigated the safety , feasibility , and reliability of the early loading of implants in edentulous maxillae . MATERIAL S AND METHODS Twenty-four patients with completely edentulous maxillae were r and omized into a test group ( n = 16 ) and a control group ( n = 8) . All patients received 5 or 6 solid screw-type titanium implants .  These were loaded with full-arch prostheses after 9 to 18 days in the test group and after 2.5 to 5.1 months in the control group . Periapical radiographs were taken and routine clinical assessment s were made at loading , after 6 months , and after 12 months . RESULTS The implant survival rate 1 year after loading was 100 % . Modified Plaque index scores and Sulcus Bleeding index scores were better in the test group than in the control group ( P < or = .05 ) . There was a significant difference in peri-implant bone height between the 2 groups ( P < .001 ) and this difference converged with time ( P < .001 ) . DISCUSSION This clinical , prospect i ve , r and omized , controlled study fulfilled the criteria for a comparable study . Owing to the small patient sample , the conclusions drawn were based on feasibility analyses of the results . St and ard material s and methods were used . Only patients with maxillary bone of sufficient height and width were selected . The use of a single operator in each discipline -- maxillofacial surgery , prosthodontics , and dental technology -- may have improved the chances of achieving consistent st and ards and opinions . CONCLUSION These results indicate that early loading in selected patients was as safe and reliable as delayed loading in this small patient population and may offer a satisfactory alternative to the st and ard protocol BACKGROUND Clusters of implant failures in the edentulous maxilla seem to occur in some patients . To create groups for analysis with higher numbers of these patients implies large original groups for inclusion . PURPOSE The aim of this study was to retrospectively describe and compare a group of " cluster failure patients " with r and omly selected patients treated in the edentulous maxilla . MATERIAL S AND METHODS From a group of 1,267 consecutively treated patients in one clinic , all patients presenting failing fixed implant-supported prostheses within the first 3 years of follow-up were included . All patients were treated with turned titanium implants using two-stage surgery . A control group of equal number of patients were created for comparison . Data on patients were retrospectively retrieved from their records , and compared . RESULTS Seventeen patients ( 1.3 % ) met the inclusion criteria in the entire group . The bone resorption index revealed less bone quantity in the study group ( p < .05 ) during implant placement , but there was no difference regarding primary implant stability at first-stage surgery . The distribution of short and long implants showed relatively higher number of short implants in the study group ( p < .05 ) , and more patients had a presurgical discussion on the risk of implant failure prior to treatment in this group ( p < .05 ) . Only 5 out of 102 implants ( 4.9 % ) were lost before prosthesis placement as compared to 38 and 25 lost implants during the following two years in the study group . Smoking habits and signs of bone loss related to periodontitis in the lower dentition were more frequent in the study group , but did not reach a significant level ( p > .05 ) . CONCLUSION The results indicate that bone quantity , reflected in fixture length , has a significant impact on increased implant failure risk . Other factors of interest as predictors for implant failures could be smoking habits and also possibly signs of periodontitis in the opposing dentition PURPOSE The aim of this study was to prospect ively evaluate the survival rate of splinted and immediately loaded Straumann s and blasted , large-grit , acid-etched , solid-screw dental implants in the edentulous maxilla after 32 months of loading . MATERIAL S AND METHODS Twenty-eight patients ( mean age 63 years ) with edentulous maxillae received 168 implants  ( six each ) and an implant-supported fixed interim prosthesis within 24 hours after surgery . After a mean healing time of 15 weeks , the patients received permanent screw-retained prostheses . Clinical and radiological examinations were made at implant placement and after 8 , 20 , and 32 months of loading . All permanent prostheses were removed at the 32-month follow-up ; implant stability was checked with a torque device , and the implant stability quotient was determined with resonance frequency analysis . RESULTS Mean marginal bone loss from baseline to 8 months after loading was 1.6 mm ( SD 1.16 ; p = .094 ) , from 8 to 20 months 0.41 mm ( SD 0.63 ; p = .094 ) , and from 20 to 32 months 0.08 mm ( SD 0.49 ; p = .039 ) . The 32-month cumulative survival rate was 98.2 % . CONCLUSIONS The 32-month survival of solid-screw implants - immediately loaded within 24 hours after placement - was similar to survival rates reported for solid-screw implants with conventional loading . Immediate loading and splinting of implants in the edentulous maxilla is a viable treatment alternative
target: Despite of the positive findings achieved by the included studies , few RCTs were available for analysis for SLActive implants .
background: OBJECTIVE To assess the survival percentage , clinical and radiographic outcomes of s and blasted and acid-etched ( SLA ) dental implants  and its modified surface ( SLActive ) in protocol s involving immediate and early occlusal loading .