title: Hypocaloric diet supplemented with probiotic cheese improves body mass index and blood pressure indices of obese hypertensive patients - a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled pilot study Multispecies Probiotic Supplementation Favorably Affects Vascular Function and Reduces Arterial Stiffness in Obese Postmenopausal Women—A 12-Week Placebo-Controlled and Randomized Clinical Study
abstract: Background Gut lactobacilli can affect the metabolic functions of healthy humans . We tested whether a 1500 kcal/d diet supplemented with cheese containing the probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum TENSIA ( Deutsche Sammlung für Mikroorganismen , DSM 21380 ) could reduce some symptoms of metabolic syndrome in Russian adults with obesity and hypertension . Methods In this 3-week , r and omized , double-blind , placebo-controlled , parallel pilot study , 25 subjects ingested probiotic cheese and 15 ingested control cheese .  Fifty grams of each cheese provided 175 kcal of energy . Blood pressure ( BP ) , anthropometric characteristics , markers of liver and kidney function , metabolic indices ( plasma glucose , lipids , and cholesterol ) , and urine polyamines were measured . Counts of fecal lactobacilli and L. plantarum TENSIA were evaluated using molecular methods . The data were analyzed by t-test for independent sample s and Spearman ’s partial correlation analysis . Results The probiotic L. plantarum TENSIA was present in variable amounts ( 529.6 ± 232.5 gene copies ) in 16/25 ( 64 % ) study subjects . Body mass index ( BMI ) was significantly reduced ( p = 0.031 ) in the probiotic cheese group versus the control cheese group . The changes in BMI were closely associated with the water content of the body ( r = 0.570 , p = 0.0007 ) when adjusted for sex and age . Higher values of intestinal lactobacilli after probiotic cheese consumption were associated with higher BMI ( r = 0.383 , p = 0.0305 ) and urinary putrescine content ( r = 0.475 , p = 0.006 ) . In patients simultaneously treated with BP-lowering drugs , similar reductions of BP were observed in both groups . A positive association was detected between TENSIA colonization and the extent of change of morning diastolic BP ( r = 0.617 , p = 0.0248 ) and a trend toward lower values of morning systolic BP ( r = −0.527 , p = 0.0640 ) at the end of the study after adjusting for BMI , age , and sex . Conclusion In a pilot study of obese hypertensive patients , a hypocaloric diet supplemented with a probiotic cheese helps to reduce BMI and arterial BP values , recognized symptoms of metabolic syndrome . Trial registration Current Controlled Trials IS RCT Obesity in the postmenopausal period is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases in women . One of the key drivers of cardiovascular risk is endothelial dysfunction ; thus , this is also a crucial point for studies on new therapeutic methods of cardioprotective properties . The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effect of two doses of multispecies probiotic Ecologic ® Barrier supplement on functional ( primary endpoint ) and biochemical parameters ( secondary endpoint ) of endothelial dysfunction in obese postmenopausal women in a 12-week r and omized , placebo-controlled clinical trial . A total of 81 obese Caucasian women participated in the trial . The subjects were r and omly assigned to three groups that received a placebo , a low dose ( LD ) ( 2.5 × 109 colony forming units ( CFU ) per day ) , or a high dose ( HD ) ( 1 × 1010 CFU per day ) of lyophilisate powder containing live multispecies probiotic bacteria . The probiotic supplement was administered each day for 12 weeks in two equal portions . A high dose probiotic supplementation for 12 weeks decreased systolic blood pressure , vascular endothelial growth factor , pulse wave analysis systolic pressure , pulse wave analysis pulse pressure , pulse wave analysis augmentation index , pulse wave velocity , interleukin-6 , tumor necrosis factor alpha , and thrombomodulin . Low doses of probiotic supplementation decreased the systolic blood pressure and interleukin-6 levels . The mean changes in the estimated parameters , compared among the three groups , revealed significant differences in the vascular endothelial growth factor , the pulse wave analysis systolic pressure , the pulse wave analysis augmentation index , the pulse wave velocity , the tumor necrosis factor alpha , and thrombomodulin . The post hoc tests showed significant differences for all parameters between HD and the placebo group , and HD and LD ( besides pulse wave analysis augmentation index ) . We show for the first time that supplementation with multispecies probiotic Ecologic ® Barrier favorably modifies both functional and biochemical markers of vascular dysfunction in obese postmenopausal women
target: Probiotics intake in patients with MetS result ed in improvements in body mass index , blood pressure , glucose metabolism , and lipid profile in some studies .
  Regarding inflammatory biomarkers , probiotics also positively affected the soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 ( sVCAM-1 ) , interleukine-6 ( IL-6 ) , tumor necrosis factor α ( TNF-α ) , vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , and thrombomodulin .
  Despite the diversity of the published studies , the intake of probiotics for patients with MetS may offer a discrete improvement in some of the clinical characteristics of the MetS and a decrease in inflammatory biomarkers .
background: The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate whether the use of probiotics has any effect on the components of metabolic syndrome ( MetS ) before patients develop type 2 diabetes .