title: Probiotic With or Without Fiber Controls Body Fat Mass, Associated With Serum Zonulin, in Overweight and Obese Adults—Randomized Controlled Trial☆☆☆ Antiobesity effect of Pediococcus pentosaceus LP28 on overweight subjects: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial The Cochrane Collaboration’s tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials Effects of Probiotic Yogurt on Fat Distribution and Gene Expression of Proinflammatory Factors in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in Overweight and Obese People with or without Weight-Loss Diet Lactobacillus gasseri BNR17 Supplementation Reduces the Visceral Fat Accumulation and Waist Circumference in Obese Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. The additional effects of a probiotic mix on abdominal adiposity and antioxidant Status: A double-blind, randomized trial. Intestinal removal of free fatty acids from hosts by Lactobacilli for the treatment of obesity Kefir drink leads to a similar weight loss, compared with milk, in a dairy-rich non-energy-restricted diet in overweight or obese premenopausal women: a randomized controlled trial Effects of weight loss using supplementation with Lactobacillus strains on body fat and medium-chain acylcarnitines in overweight individuals. Comparison of the effect of daily consumption of probiotic compared with low-fat conventional yogurt on weight loss in healthy obese women following an energy-restricted diet: a randomized controlled trial. Elevated circulating levels of succinate in human obesity are linked to specific gut microbiota Effect of Lactobacillus gasseri SBT2055 in fermented milk on abdominal adiposity in adults in a randomised controlled trial.
abstract: Background The gut microbiota is interlinked with obesity , but direct evidence of effects of its modulation on body fat mass is still scarce . We investigated the possible effects of Bifidobacterium animalisssp . lactis 420 ( B420 ) and the dietary fiber Litesse ® Ultra polydextrose ( LU ) on body fat mass and other obesity-related parameters . Methods 225 healthy volunteers ( healthy , BMI 28–34.9 ) were r and omized into four groups ( 1:1:1:1 ) , using a computer-generated sequence , for 6 months of double-blind , parallel treatment : 1 ) Placebo , microcrystalline cellulose , 12 g/d ; 2 ) LU , 12 g/d ; 3 ) B420 , 1010 CFU/d in microcrystalline cellulose , 12 g/d ; 4 ) LU + B420 , 12 g + 1010 CFU/d . Body composition was monitored with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry , and the primary outcome was relative change in body fat mass , comparing treatment groups to Placebo . Other outcomes included anthropometric measurements , food intake and blood and fecal biomarkers . The study was registered in Clinical trials.gov ( NCT01978691 ) . Findings There were marked differences in the results of the Intention-To-Treat ( ITT ; n = 209 ) and Per Protocol ( PP ; n = 134 ) study population s. The PP analysis included only those participants who completed the intervention with > 80 % product compliance and no antibiotic use . In addition , three participants were excluded from DXA analyses for PP due to a long delay between the end of intervention and the last DXA measurement . There were no significant differences between groups in body fat mass in the ITT population . However , LU + B420 and B420 seemed to improve weight management in the PP population . For relative change in body fat mass , LU + B420 showed a − 4.5 % ( − 1.4 kg , P = 0.02 , N = 37 ) difference to the Placebo group , whereas LU ( + 0.3 % , P = 1.00 , N = 35 ) and B420 ( − 3.0 % , P = 0.28 , N = 24 ) alone had no effect ( overall ANOVA P = 0.095 , Placebo N = 35 ) . A post-hoc factorial analysis was significant for B420 ( − 4.0 % , P = 0.002 vs. Placebo ) . Changes in fat mass were most pronounced in the abdominal region , and were reflected by similar changes in waist circumference . B420 and LU + B420 also significantly reduced energy intake compared to Placebo . Changes in blood zonulin levels and hsCRP were associated with corresponding changes in trunk fat mass in the LU + B420 group and in the overall population . There were no differences between groups in the incidence of adverse events . Discussion This clinical trial demonstrates that a probiotic product with or without dietary fiber controls body fat mass . B420 and LU + B420 also reduced waist circumference and food intake , whereas LU alone had no effect on the measured outcomes Background / Objectives : The population of the obese is increasing worldwide . Prevention and improvement of obesity are indispensable for decreasing the risk of metabolic disorders . We have recently shown that obesity and fatty liver are reduced by a plant-derived lactic acid bacterium , Pediococcus pentosaceus LP28 ( LP28 ) , in high-fat diet-induced obese mice . The aim of the present clinical study is to prove that LP28 is effective for reducing body fat and body weight , as shown in the experiment using mice . Subjects/ Methods : The clinical trial was carried out as a double-blind , r and omized , placebo-controlled study comprising 62 subjects ( 20–70 years of age , BMI 25–30 kg/m2 ) . These subjects were r and omly assigned to three groups that received living LP28 , heat-killed LP28 or a placebo powder , administered orally once a day for 12 weeks . Results : Heat-killed LP28  reduced BMI ( 0.45 kg/m2 , 95 % CI ( 0.04 , 0.86 ) , P=0.035 ) , body fat percentage ( 1.11 % , ( 0.39 , 1.82 ) , P=0.002 ) , body fat mass ( 1.17 kg ( 0.43 , 1.92 ) , P=0.004 ) and waist circumference ( 2.84 cm ( 0.74 , 4.93 ) , P=0.009 ) when compared with a placebo group . Fasting plasma glucose , HbA1c , fasting insulin , HOMA-IR and serum lipids levels did not change by either living LP28 or heat-killed LP28 intake . Conclusions : Heat-killed LP28 displays an antiobesity effect that reduces BMI , body fat and waist circumference , suggesting that the plant-derived lactic acid bacterium LP28 would be a promising preventive of metabolic syndrome Flaws in the design , conduct , analysis , and reporting of r and omised trials can cause the effect of an intervention to be underestimated or overestimated . The Cochrane Collaboration ’s tool for assessing risk of bias aims to make the process clearer and more Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate whether probiotics had an effect on proinflammatory markers and cytokines in overweight and obese individuals and whether they could have synergistic effects with weight-loss diets . Methods : A total of 75 healthy overweight and obese individuals completed this r and omized doubled-blind controlled clinical trial . Participants were r and omly assigned to groups consuming regular yogurt with a low-calorie diet ( LCD , RLCD ; n = 25 ) or receiving probiotic yogurt with LCD ( PLCD ; n = 25 ) or consuming probiotic yogurt without LCD ( PWLCD ; n = 25 ) for 8 weeks . The pribiotic regimen contained 200 g/day yogurt , enriched by Lactobacillus acidophilus La5 , Bifidobacterium BB12 , and Lactobacillus casei DN001 108 colony-forming units/g . Body fat percentage , high-sensitive C-reactive protein ( hs-CRP ) , tumor necrosis factor-alpha ( TNF-α ) , leptin , and mRNA levels of inflammation-related genes ( TNF-α and RAR-related orphan receptor gamma [ ROR-γt ] ) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells ( P BMC s ) were measured . Results : A reduction in body mass index ( BMI ) , fat percentage , and leptin level was observed that was more obvious in groups who received the weight-loss diet with probiotic yogurt . Reduction in the gene expression of ROR-γt was significant in the PLCD group ( p < 0.001 ) . The expression of TNF-α did not change among all groups after intervention . The mean concentration of leptin was significantly decreased in all groups after the dietary intervention , but the mean changes in leptin level in the PLCD group was more prominent compared to the other two groups ( −2.38 , p < 0.001 [ PLCD ] vs −1.75 , p = 0.002 [ RLCD ] and −0.55 ng/mL , p = 0.12 [ PWLCD ] ) . The reduction in serum levels of hs-CRP was more evident in the PWLCD group compared to the PLCD and RLCD groups after the 8-week intervention ( −3.4 , p = 0.03 vs −1.76 , p < 0.001 and −2.98 pg/mL , p < 0.001 , respectively ) . Conclusion : Our results suggested that the weight-loss diet and probiotic yogurt had synergistic effects on T-cells subset specific gene expression in P BMC s , fat percentage , and body weight among overweight and obese individuals Lactobacillus gasseri BNR17 is a probiotic strain isolated from human breast milk . Animal studies reported that BNR17 inhibited increases in body weight and adipose tissue weights . The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antiobesity effects of BNR17 in humans . In a r and omized , double-blind , placebo-controlled trial , 90 volunteers aged 20 - 75 years with body mass index ( BMI ) from 25 to 35 kg/m2 were r and omized to receive a placebo , low-dose BNR ( BNR-L , 109 CFU/day ) , or high-dose BNR ( BNR-H , 1010 CFU/day ) for 12 weeks . Body weight , BMI , waist and hip circumferences , waist-to-hip ratio , abdominal adipose tissue areas , body fat mass , lean body mass , and biochemical parameters were assessed at the beginning and end of the trial . Visceral adipose tissue ( VAT ) was significantly decreased in the BNR-H group compared with the placebo group ( P = .038 ) . Difference of VAT areas of the BNR-H group compared with the placebo group after 12-week consumption of BNR17 was significant ( -21.6 cm2 , P = .012 ) . Waist circumferences were significantly decreased in both the BNR-L and BNL-H groups ( P = .045 and .012 , respectively ) compared with the baseline values , but not in the placebo group . Biochemical parameters were not significantly different among the groups . These findings suggest that daily consumption of BNR17 may contribute to reduced visceral fat mass in obese adults OBJECTIVE To investigate whether a probiotic mix has additional effects when compared with an isolated dietary intervention on the body composition , lipid profile , endotoxemia , inflammation , and antioxidant profile . METHODS Women who had excess weight or obesity were recruited to a r and omized , double-blind trial and received a probiotic mix ( Lactobacillus acidophilus and casei ; Lactococcus lactis ; Bifidobacterium bifidum and lactis ; 2 × 1010 colony-forming units/day ) ( n = 21 ) or placebo ( n = 22 ) for 8 weeks . Both groups received a dietary prescription . Body composition was assessed by anthropometry and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry . The lipid profile , lipid accumulation product , plasma fatty acids , lipopolysaccharide , interleukin-6 , interleukin-10 , tumor necrosis factor-α , adiponectin , and the antioxidant enzymes activities were analyzed . RESULTS In comparison with the dietary intervention group , the dietary intervention + probiotic mix group showed a greater reduction in the waist circumference ( -3.40 % vs. -5.48 % , P = 0.03 ) , waist-height ratio ( -3.27 % vs. -5.00 % , P = 0.02 ) , conicity index ( -2.43 % vs. -4.09 % P = 0.03 ) , and plasma polyunsaturated fatty acids ( 5.65 % vs. -18.63 % , P = 0.04 ) and an increase in the activity of glutathione peroxidase ( -16.67 % vs. 15.62 % , P < 0.01 ) . CONCLUSIONS Supplementation of a probiotic mix reduced abdominal adiposity and increased antioxidant enzyme activity in a more effective way than an isolated dietary intervention Recent findings on the association of gut microbiota with various diseases , including obesity , prompted us to investigate the possibility of using a certain type of gut bacteria as a safe therapeutic for obesity . Lactobacillus mutants with enhanced capacity in absorption of free fatty acids ( FFAs ) were isolated to show reduced absorption of FFAs by the administered host , attributing to inhibition of body weight gain and body fat accumulation as well as amelioration of blood profiles . Consequently , high throughput screening of natural FFAs‐absorbing intestinal microbes led to the isolation of Lactobacillus reuteri JBD30 l. The administration of Lactobacillus JBD30l lowered the concentration of FFAs in the gut fluid content of small intestine , thus reducing intestinal absorption of FFAs whereas promoting fecal excretion of FFAs . Animal data also confirmed that the efficacy of Lactobacillus JBD30l on body weight similar to that of orlistat , an FDA ‐approved pharmaceutical for long‐term use to treat obesity . In a subsequent r and om , double‐blind , placebo‐controlled clinical trial ( KCT0000452 at Clinical Research Information Service of Korea ) , there was a statistically significant difference in the percentage change in body weight between the Lactobacillus JBD301 and the placebo group ( P = 0.026 ) as well as in the BMI ( P = 0.036 ) from the 0‐week assessment to the 12‐week assessment . Our results show that FFA‐absorbing Lactobacillus JBD301 effectively reduces dietary fat absorption , providing an ideal treatment for obesity with inherent safety Purpose Controversy exists regarding whether increasing dairy intake without energy restriction would lead to weight loss . We aim ed to compare the potential weight-reducing effects of kefir drink ( a probiotic dairy product ) and milk in a dairy-rich non-energy-restricted diet in overweight or obese premenopausal women . Methods One hundred and forty-four subjects were assessed for eligibility in this single-center , multi-arm , parallel-group , r and omized controlled trial . Of these , seventy-five eligible women aged 25–45 years were r and omly assigned to three groups , labeled as control , milk , and kefir , to receive an outpatient dietary regimen for 8 weeks . Subjects in the control group received a diet providing a maintenance level of energy intake , containing 2 servings/day of low-fat dairy products , while those in the milk and kefir groups received a weight maintenance diet , containing 2 additional servings/day ( a total of 4 servings/day ) of dairy products from low-fat milk or commercial kefir drink , respectively . Anthropometric outcomes including weight , body mass index ( BMI ) , and waist circumference ( WC ) were measured every 2 weeks . Results Fifty-eight subjects completed the study . Using analysis of covariance models in the intention-to-treat population ( n = 75 ) , we found that at 8 weeks , subjects in the kefir and milk groups had significantly greater reductions in weight , BMI , and WC compared to those in the control group ( all p < 0.01 ) . However , no such significant differences were found between the kefir and milk groups . Conclusions Kefir drink leads to a similar weight loss , compared with milk , in a dairy-rich non-energy-restricted diet in overweight or obese premenopausal women . However , further studies are warranted Our previous study showed that supplementation with a combination of Lactobacillus curvatus ( L. curvatus ) HY7601 and Lactobacillus plantarum ( L. plantarum ) KY1032 reduced the body weight , body fat percentage , body fat mass and L1 subcutaneous fat area in overweight subjects . We aim ed to evaluate whether the changes in adiposity after supplementation with Lactobacillus strains were associated with metabolic intermediates . A r and omized , double-blind , placebo-controlled study was conducted on 66 non-diabetic and overweight individuals . Over a 12-week period , the probiotic group consumed 2 g of probiotic powder , whereas the placebo group consumed the same product without the probiotics . To investigate metabolic alterations , we performed plasma metabolomics using ultra-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry ( UPLC-LTQ/Orbitrap MS ) . Probiotic supplementation significantly increased the levels of octenoylcarnitine ( C8:1 ) , tetradecenoylcarnitine ( C14:1 ) , decanoylcarnitine ( C10 ) and dodecenoylcarnitine ( C12:1 ) compared with the levels from placebo supplementation . In the probiotic group , the changes in the body weight , body fat percentage , body fat mass and L1 subcutaneous fat area were negatively associated with changes in the levels of C8:1 , C14:1 , C10 and C12:1 acylcarnitines . In overweight individuals , probiotic-induced weight loss and adiposity reduction from the probiotic supplementation were associated with an increase in medium-chain acylcarnitines BACKGROUND Despite evidence for the beneficial effects of probiotics and low-fat dairy products , to our knowledge , no study has compared the beneficial effect on weight loss of consuming a probiotic yogurt ( PY ) compared with a st and ard low-fat yogurt ( LF ) during a hypoenergetic program . OBJECTIVE We compared the effect of the PY with LF yogurt consumption on body weight and cardiometabolic risk factors in women during a weight-loss program . DESIGN Overweight and obese women [ body mass index ( in kg/m(2 ) ) : 27 - 40 ; age : 18 - 50 y ) who usually consumed st and ard LFs  were asked to consume either PY or LF every day with their main meals for 12 wk while following a weight-loss program . RESULTS A total of 89 participants were r and omly assigned to one of the 2 intervention groups . Baseline variables were not significantly different between groups . A statistically significant reduction in anthropometric measurements and significant improvements in cardiometabolic risk characteristics were observed over the 12 wk in both groups . However , no significant differences in weight loss and anthropometric measurements were seen between groups after the intervention . Compared with the LF group , the PY group had a greater ( mean ± SD ) decrease in total cholesterol ( PY = -0.36 ± 0.10 mmol/L , LF = -0.31 ± 0.10 mmol/L ; P = 0.024 ) , low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( PY = -0.35 ± 0.10 mmol/L , LF = -0.31 ± 0.11 mmol/L ; P = 0.018 ) , homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance ( PY = -0.55 ± 0.32 , LF = -0.42 ± 0.20 ; P = 0.002 ) , 2-h postpr and ial glucose ( PY = -0.61 ± 0.24 mmol/L , LF = -0.44 ± 0.19 mmol/L ; P < 0.001 ) , and fasting insulin concentration ( PY = -1.76 ± 1.01 mU/mL , LF = -1.32 ± 0.62 mU/mL ; P = 0.002 ) , as secondary endpoints after the study . No significant differences were found for fasting plasma glucose , high-density lipoprotein cholesterol , or triglycerides within both groups after the 12 wk . CONCLUSION Consumption of PY compared with LF with main meals showed no significant effects on weight loss . However , it may have positive effects on lipid profiles and insulin sensitivity during a weight-loss program . This trial was registered at http://www.i rct .ir/ as I RCT 201402177754N8 Gut microbiota-related metabolites are potential clinical biomarkers for cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) . Circulating succinate , a metabolite produced by both microbiota and the host , is increased in hypertension , ischemic heart disease , and type 2 diabetes . We aim ed to analyze systemic levels of succinate in obesity , a major risk factor for CVD , and its relationship with gut microbiome . We explored the association of circulating succinate with specific metagenomic signatures in cross-sectional and prospect i ve cohorts of Caucasian Spanish subjects . Obesity was associated with elevated levels of circulating succinate concomitant with impaired glucose metabolism . This increase was associated with specific changes in gut microbiota related to succinate metabolism : a higher relative abundance of succinate-producing Prevotellaceae ( P ) and Veillonellaceae ( V ) , and a lower relative abundance of succinate-consuming Odoribacteraceae ( O ) and Clostridaceae ( C ) in obese individuals , with the ( P + V/O + C ) ratio being a main determinant of plasma succinate .  Weight loss  intervention decreased ( P + V/O + C ) ratio coincident with the reduction in circulating succinate . In the spontaneous evolution after good dietary advice , alterations in circulating succinate levels were linked to specific metagenomic signatures associated with carbohydrate metabolism and energy production with independence of body weight change . Our data support the importance of microbe – microbe interactions for the metabolite signature of gut microbiome and uncover succinate as a potential microbiota-derived metabolite related to CVD risk Consumption of fermented milk ( FM ) containing a probiotic , Lactobacillus gasseri SBT2055 ( LG2055 ) , previously showed a reduction in abdominal adiposity in a r and omised controlled trial ( RCT ) using FM with 10(8 ) colony-forming units ( cfu ) of LG2055/g . However , whether the effectiveness is observed at lower concentrations , the recommended minimum or intermediate levels of probiotics ( 10(6 ) or 10(7 ) cfu/g , respectively ) , remains to be examined . A multi-centre , double-blind , parallel-group RCT was conducted using 210 healthy Japanese adults with large visceral fat areas ( 80·2 - 187·8 cm(2 ) ) . They were balanced for their baseline characteristics and r and omly assigned to three groups receiving FM containing 10(7 ) , 10(6 ) or 0 ( control ) cfu LG2055/g of FM , and were asked to consume 200 g FM/d for 12 weeks . Abdominal visceral fat areas , which were determined by computed tomography , at week 12 , changed from baseline by an average of -8·5 % ( 95 % CI -11·9 , -5·1 ; P < 0·01 ) in the 10(7 ) dose group , and by -8·2 % ( 95 % CI -10·8 , -5·7 ; P < 0·01 ) in the 10(6 ) dose group . Other measures including BMI , waist and hip circumferences , and body fat mass were also significantly decreased from baseline at week 12 in both groups ; interestingly , the cessation of taking FM for 4 weeks attenuated these effects . In the control group , none of these parameters significantly decreased from baseline . These findings demonstrate that consumption of LG2055 at doses as low as the order of 10(8 ) cfu/d exhibited a significant lowering effect on abdominal adiposity , and suggest that constant consumption might be needed to maintain the effect
target: Conclusion This study suggests that the probiotics supplementation could potentially reduce the weight gain and improve some of the associated metabolic parameters , which may become an effective strategy for the prevention and treatment of obesity in adult individuals
background: Background The prevalence of overweight/obesity in adults is raised to 39 % , which is nearly tripled more than 1975 .
  The alteration of the gut microbiome has been widely accepted as one of the main causal factors .
  To find an effective strategy for the prevention and treatment of overweight/obesity , a systematic review and meta- analysis were design ed .