title: Effect of Different Doses of Aerobic Exercise on Total White Blood Cell (WBC) and WBC Subfraction Number in Postmenopausal Women: Results from DREW Leptin and adiponectin responses in overweight inactive elderly following resistance training and detraining are intensity related. Is serum leptin related to physical function and is it modifiable through weight loss and exercise in older adults with knee osteoarthritis? Nordic walking decreased circulating chemerin and leptin concentrations in middle-aged men with impaired glucose regulation The effects of three training methods endurance, resistance and concurrent on adiponectin resting levels in overweighed untrained men. Body composition is related to increase in plasma adiponectin levels rather than training in young obese men In the absence of weight loss, exercise training does not improve adipokines or oxidative stress in overweight children. Influence of physical training on plasma leptin in obese youths. Effects of aerobic exercise on serum leptin levels in obese women The Feasibility of an Exercise Intervention in Males at Risk of Oesophageal Adenocarcinoma: A Randomized Controlled Trial Low serum adiponectin predicts 10-year risk of type 2 diabetes and HbA1c independently of obesity, lipids, and inflammation: Whitehall II study. The Effect of Exercise on Leptin, Insulin, Cortisol and Lipid Profiles in Obese Children Differential effects of endurance training and weight loss on plasma adiponectin multimers and adipose tissue macrophages in younger, moderately overweight men. Weight loss larger than 10% is needed for general improvement of levels of circulating adiponectin and markers of inflammation in obese subjects: a 3-year weight loss study. Changes in Children’s Sleep Duration on Food Intake, Weight, and Leptin Impact of a mixed strength and endurance exercise intervention on levels of adiponectin, high molecular weight adiponectin and leptin in breast cancer survivors Exercise training is not associated with improved levels of C-reactive protein or adiponectin. The effects of aerobic exercise training on serum osteocalcin, adipocytokines and insulin resistance on obese young males Effects of short-term lifestyle activity modification on adiponectin mRNA expression and plasma concentrations Effects of an exercise intervention using Dance Dance Revolution on endothelial function and other risk factors in overweight children. Effects of individual and combined dietary weight loss and exercise interventions in postmenopausal women on adiponectin and leptin levels. Effects of high vs. moderate exercise intensity during interval training on lipids and adiponectin levels in obese young females
abstract: Background Elevated total white blood cell ( WBC ) count is associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease and death . Aerobic exercise is associated with lower total WBC , neutrophil , and monocyte counts . However , no studies have evaluated the effect of the amount of aerobic exercise ( dose ) on total WBC and WBC subfraction counts . Purpose To examine the effects of 3 different doses of aerobic exercise on changes in total WBC and WBC subfraction counts and independent effects of changes in fitness , adiposity , markers of inflammation ( IL-6 , TNF-α , C-reactive protein ) , fasting glucose metabolism , and adiponectin . Methods Data from 390 sedentary , overweight/obese postmenopausal women from the DREW study were used in these analyses . Women were r and omized to a non-exercise control group or one of 3 exercise groups : energy expenditure of 4 , 8 , or 12 kcal kg−1⋅week−1 ( KKW ) for 6 months at an intensity of 50 % VO2peak . Results A dose-dependent decrease in total WBC counts ( trend P = 0.002 ) was observed with a significant decrease in the 12KKW group ( −163.1±140.0 cells/µL ; mean±95%CI ) compared with the control ( 138.6±144.7 cells/µL ) . A similar response was seen in the neutrophil subfraction ( trend P = 0.001 ) with a significant decrease in the 12KKW group ( −152.6±115.1 cells/µL ) compared with both the control and 4KKW groups ( 96.4±119.0 and 21.9±95.3 cells/µL , respectively ) and in the 8KKW group ( −102.4±125.0 cells/µL ) compared with the control . When divided into high/low baseline WBC categories ( median split ) , a dose-dependent decrease in both total WBCs ( P = 0.003 ) and neutrophils ( P<0.001 ) was observed in women with high baseline  WBC counts . The effects of exercise dose on total WBC and neutrophil counts persisted after accounting for significant independent effects of change in waist circumference and IL-6 . Conclusion Aerobic exercise training  reduces total WBC and neutrophil counts , in a dose-dependent manner , in overweight/obese postmenopausal women and is especially beneficial for those with systemic low grade inflammation . Clinical Trials Identifier : CONTEXT Adiponectin and leptin are closely related to weight control and energy balance , whereas exercise affects elderly metabolic regulation and functional capacity . OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to investigate leptin and adiponectin responses in elderly males after exercise training and detraining .  DESIGN The study design was a 1-yr r and omized controlled trial . SETTING The study was performed at the Laboratory of Physical Education and Sport Science Department . PARTICIPANTS Fifty inactive men [ age , 65 - 78 yr ; body mass index ( BMI ) , 28.7 - 30.2 kg/m2 ] were recruited from a volunteer data base by word of mouth and fliers sent to medical practitioners , physiotherapists , and nursing homes in the local community . INTERVENTION(S ) Participants were r and omly assigned to a control ( n = 10 ) , low-intensity ( n = 14 ) , moderate-intensity ( n = 12 ) , or high-intensity training ( HI ; n = 14 ) group . Resistance training ( 6 months , 3 d/wk , 10 exercises/three sets ) was followed by 6 months of detraining . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S ) Strength , exercise energy cost , skinfold sum , body weight , maximal oxygen consumption , resting metabolic rate ( RMR ) , and plasma leptin and adiponectin were determined at baseline and after training and detraining . RESULTS Strength , maximal oxygen consumption , RMR , and exercise energy cost increased ( P < 0.05 ) after training in an intensity-dependent manner . Skinfold sum and BMI were reduced by resistance training ( P < 0.05 ) , with HI being more effective ( P < 0.05 ) than moderate-intensity/low-intensity training . Leptin was diminished ( P < 0.05 ) by all treatments , whereas adiponectin increased ( P < 0.05 ) only in HI . Detraining maintained training-induced changes only in HI . The percent leptin decrease was associated ( P < 0.05 ) with the percent BMI decrease and the percent RMR increase , whereas the percent adiponectin increase was associated ( P < 0.05 ) with the percent BMI decrease . CONCLUSIONS Resistance training and detraining may alter leptin and adiponectin responses in an intensity-dependent manner . Leptin and adiponectin changes were strongly associated with RMR and anthropometric changes OBJECTIVE : To determine the effect of weight loss and exercise interventions on serum leptin and to investigate the relationship of physical function and osteoarthritis ( OA ) severity with serum leptin in older overweight and obese adults with knee OA . In addition , the study examined if serum leptin predicts weight loss . DESIGN : Longitudinal , controlled clinical trial of weight loss and exercise interventions .SUBJECTS : Community dwelling , older , overweight and obese adults ( n=316 ; > 60 years of age ; body mass index ≥28.0 kg m−2 ) with symptomatic knee OA and self-reported difficulty in performing selected physical activities were recruited . INTERVENTIONS : Participants were r and omized into one of four groups for the 18-month study duration : Healthy Lifestyle Controls , Dietary Weight Loss ( Diet ) , Exercise Training ( Exercise ) , and a combination of Dietary Weight Loss and Exercise Training ( Diet+Exercise ) . The weight loss goal for the two Diet groups was 5 % from baseline at 18 months . Participants in the Exercise groups were trained for 3 days week−1 , 60 min day−1 . MEASUREMENTS : Body weight , body mass index , serum leptin , physical function , and OA severity were measured at baseline , 6 months , and 18 months . RESULTS : Diet and Diet+Exercise groups lost 5.3 and 6.1 % of their weight , respectively , at 18 months with the Exercise group losing 2.9 % . There was a significant main effect of weight loss on serum leptin with a decrease in serum leptin averaged across the 6- and 18-month time points for the Diet and Diet+Exercise groups compared to the other two groups ( β=0.245 ; P<0.01 ) . No main effect  for exercise training was observed . Serum leptin was related to self-reported physical function . In all participants , a mixed model analysis demonstrated that lower levels of baseline serum leptin predict larger weight loss ( β=−2.779 ; P=0.048 ) . CONCLUSION : Decreases in serum leptin may be one mechanism by which weight loss improves physical function and symptoms in OA patients Abstract Background . Dysfunction of adipose tissue is one of the major factors leading to insulin resistance . Altered adipokine concentration is an early sign of adipose tissue dysfunction . The aim of this study was to assess the impact of exercise intervention on adipokine profile , glycemic control , and risk factors of the metabolic syndrome ( MeS ) in men with impaired glucose regulation ( IGR ) . Methods . Overweight and obese men with IGR ( n = 144 ) aged 40–65 years were studied at baseline and at 12 weeks in a r and omized controlled multicenter intervention study .  BMI varied from 25.1 to 34.9 . The subjects were r and omized into one of three groups : 1 ) a control group ( C ; n = 47 ) , 2 ) a Nordic walking group ( NW ; n = 48 ) , or 3 ) a resistance training group ( RT ; n = 49 ) . Results . Leptin concentrations decreased in the NW group compared to both other groups . Both types of exercise intervention significantly decreased serum chemerin concentrations compared to the C group . In the NW group also body fat percentage , fatty liver index ( FLI ) , and total and LDL cholesterol concentrations decreased compared to the RT group . Conclusions . Nordic walking intervention seems to decrease chemerin and leptin levels , and subjects in this intervention group achieved the most beneficial effects on components of The purpose of present study was to investigate the impacts of endurance , resistance and concurrent training on adiponectin resting levels of sedentary men . Forty-four sedentary students were r and omly assigned to one of four groups : endurance training ( ET ; 22 ± 0.89 yr , n=12 ) , resistance training ( RT , 21 ± 1.57 yr , n=9 ) , concurrent training ( CT , 21.38 ± 2.6 yr , n=14 ) and control group ( CG , n=10 ) . After primary measurements , blood sample s were drawn with subjects in fasting and resting state for determination of the basic level of adiponectin . The subjects participated in E , R and C training for 8 weeks . The ET group ran 3d/w at 65 - 85 % of maximum heart rate . The exercise training session for the RT group consisted of 3 sets of 10 - 15 repetitions of weight training exercise that increase progressively , and repeated 3 sessions per week . The CT group trained exactly the sum of ET and RT groups . Correlated sample s t-test and ANOVA were used . The results of the present study showed that after the eight-week training , the adiponectin levels of subjects increased in 3 groups of training but this increase was not significant . The level of adiponectin in CT group increased more than in ET and RT groups . Also , there were no significant differences in content of adiponectin among groups . In general , slight increases in adiponectin levels in training groups especially in CT group may indicate the most potential of CT group in increasing the levels of adiponectin in sedentary men . However more research es are needed to identify the effects of concurrent training ( Tab . 4 , Ref . 27 ) We assessed the major factors regulating adiponectin levels and the influence of exercise training on adiponectin levels in young obese men ( 19.2±1.1 yrs , BMI : 31.1±4.2 , % fat : 27.2±3.9 % ) . Subjects were separated into three groups ( aerobic exercise group [ AE : n=7 ] , aerobic and resistance exercise group [ AE+RE : n=7 ] , control group [ n=7 ] ) . AE underwent an 8-week training program ( three times per week , more than 30 min endurance exercise at ventilatory threshold ( VT ) intensity ) . AE+RE went through resistance exercise two or three times per week together with the above endurance exercise for 5 months . Prior to intervention ( n=21 ) , adiponectin levels were significantly correlated with percentage of fat . Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that percent body fat was an independent predictor of basal adiponectin levels ( r2=0.370 ; P<0.01 ) . After intervention , fat mass , and VT were significantly improved in AE . AE+RE exhibited significant reduction in weight , BMI , percent body fat and fat mass , and had significantly increased VT , $ $ \ifmmode\exp and after\dot\else\exp and after\.\fi{V}{\text{O}}_{2 } \max , $ $ cycling power and torque . Insulin was not changed in both groups . The control group exhibited no significant change in any variables . Although adiponectin levels were unchanged in the three groups , a significant negative correlation between delta fat mass and delta adiponectin levels was observed ( n=21 , r=−0.461 , P<0.05 ) . In addition , delta percent body fat was an independent predictor of delta adiponectin levels ( r2=0.327 , P<0.05 ) . These findings indicate that for increasing the adiponectin level , improvement of the body composition of young obese men is more important than the way training is performed The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of exercise training on adipokines , inflammatory markers , and oxidative stress in overweight children . Nineteen overweight children were r and omly assigned to an aerobic exercise training or sedentary control group for 8 weeks . Measurements included peak oxygen uptake ( V o(2)max ) , body weight and composition , adipokines ( C-reactive protein , interleukin 6 , tumor necrosis factor alpha , adiponectin , leptin , and resistin ) , and oxidative stress ( 8-isoprostane ) . There were no differences between groups for change in body weight or composition over the 8 weeks . Exercise training improved V o(2)max ( exercise group , 1.64 + /- 0.13 to 1.85 + /- 0.17L/min vs control group , 1.83 + /- 0.12 to 1.60 + /- 0.13 L/min , P < .05 ) but did not change any of the measured adipokines or the marker of systemic oxidative stress , 8-isoprostane . These data suggest that in the absence of weight loss , exercise training alone does not improve the adipokine profile or levels of oxidative stress in overweight children Little is known about the effects of different intensities of physical training on plasma leptin . This study examined the effect of two intensities of physical training on leptin in obese teenagers , and explored correlates at baseline and in response to 8 months of physical training . The participants were 55 obese youths 12 - 16 years of age who completed both baseline and posttesting . The youths were r and omized to engage in lifestyle education only ( LSE ) , moderate-intensity physical training and LSE , or high-intensity physical training and LSE .  Baseline leptin was positively associated with fat mass . Girls had higher leptin levels at lower levels of fasting insulin than boys . The 8-mo physical training doses prescribed to obese teenagers did not result in significant group differences in mean change in leptin , although there was large variability in individual response . The change in leptin was inversely associated with baseline leptin and change in cardiovascular fitness . Diet , physical activity level , visceral adiposity , and glucose concentrations were not associated with leptin , neither at baseline nor in response to physical training . At baseline , total fat mass rather than visceral adiposity was associated with higher leptin levels . Over the 8-mo intervention period , regardless of group membership , youths who had the lowest increase in cardiovascular fitness tended to have the highest increase in leptin Abstract It has been demonstrated that leptin concentrations in obese patients may be altered by weight loss . We examined the effects of a 9-week aerobic exercise program on serum leptin concentrations in overweight women ( 20–50 % above ideal body mass ) under conditions of weight stability . Sixteen overweight women , mean ( SE ) age 42.75 ( 1.64 ) years , comprised the exercise group which adhered to a supervised aerobic exercise program . A grade d exercise treadmill test was conducted before and after the exercise program to determine  maximal oxygen uptake ( V˙O2max ) using open-circuit spirometry . The women demonstrated improved aerobic fitness ( V˙O2max increased 12.29 % ) , however , body fat and the body mass index did not change significantly [ 42.27 (1.35)–41.87 (1.33)% ] . Fourteen women , age 40.57 ( 2.80 ) years , did not exercise over the same time period and served as a control group . Serum leptin levels were not significantly altered for either the exercise [ 28.00 (2.13)–31.04 ( 2.71 ) ng · ml−1 ] or the control group [ 33.24 (3.78)–34.69 ( 3.14 ) ng · mg−1 ] . The data indicate that 9 weeks of aerobic exercise  improves aerobic fitness , but does not affect leptin concentrations in overweight women Objective To investigate the feasibility and safety of a 24-week exercise intervention , compared to control , in males with Barrett ’s oesophagus , and to estimate the effect of the intervention , compared to control , on risk factors associated with oesophageal adenocarcinoma development . Methods A r and omized controlled trial of an exercise intervention ( 60 minutes moderate-intensity aerobic and resistance exercise five days/week over 24 weeks ; one supervised and four unsupervised sessions ) versus attention control ( 45 minutes stretching five days/week over 24 weeks ; one supervised and four unsupervised sessions ) in inactive , overweight/obese ( 25.0–34.9 kg/m2 ) males with Barrett ’s oesophagus , aged 18–70 years . Primary outcomes were obesity-associated hormones relevant to oesophageal adenocarcinoma risk ( circulating concentrations of leptin , adiponectin , interleukin-6 , tumour necrosis factor-alpha , C-reactive protein , and insulin resistance [ HOMA ] ) . Secondary outcomes included waist circumference , body composition , fitness , strength and gastro-oesophageal reflux symptoms . Outcomes were measured at baseline and 24-weeks . Intervention effects were analysed using generalised linear models , adjusting for baseline value . Results Recruitment was difficult in this population with a total of 33 participants recruited ( target sample size : n = 80 ) ; 97 % retention at 24-weeks . Adherence to the exercise protocol was moderate . No serious adverse events were reported . A statistically significant intervention effect ( exercise minus control ) was observed for waist circumference ( -4.5 [ 95 % CI -7.5 , -1.4 ] cm ; p < 0.01 ) . Effects on primary outcomes were not statistically significant . Conclusion This small , exploratory trial provides important information to inform future trial development including recruitment rates and estimates of effect sizes on outcomes related to oesophageal adenocarcinoma risk . Future trials should investigate a combined dietary and exercise intervention to achieve greater weight loss in this population and relax inclusion criteria to maximize recruitment . Trial Registration Australian New Zeal and Clinical Trials Registry ( ANZCTR ) Our aim of the present work was to study the effect of  serum adiponectin on incident diabetes and HbA1c values . We measured baseline serum adiponectin levels in a nested case-control selection ( n=140 ) of the Whitehall II Cohort . Participants ( mean [ SD ] age 50.9 [ 6.3 ] years ) had no prevalent diabetes or CHD at baseline . Cases ( n=55 ) had incident diabetes according to an oral glucose tolerance test during follow-up ( mean : 11.5+/-3.0 years ) . Adiponectin levels were lower among cases ( 9.3 microg/ml , 3.2 [ median ; IQR ] vs. 10.5 ; 3.6 , p=0.01 ) . The risk of incident diabetes decreased by 11 % ( p=0.03 ) for 1 microg/ml higher adiponectin levels . Higher adiponectin levels were associated with lower HbA1c at follow-up ( p<0.05 ) . Both associations were stable to adjustment for age , sex , body mass index , systolic blood pressure , and serum lipids , and for the case of HbA1c , also for C-reactive protein ( all p<0.05 ) . The observed robust , prospect i ve associations support that  adiponectin  is an independent predictor of diabetes and the degree of glycaemic impairment This prospect i ve , r and omized study investigated the effect of exercise on leptin , insulin , cortisol and lipid profiles in obese children . A total of 40 obese boys aged 10 - 12 years with a body mass index ( BMI ) ≥ 30 kg/m2 were r and omly separated into an exercise group ( n = 20 ) that underwent a 12-week aerobic exercise programme and a non-exercise ( control ) group ( n = 20 ) . The BMI , low-density lipoprotein , cortisol , leptin and insulin levels were significantly lower in the exercise group after 12 weeks compared with baseline values , whereas high-density lipoprotein levels were significantly higher . In contrast , in the control group , low-density lipoprotein , cortisol and leptin levels were significantly higher after 12 weeks compared with baseline values while high-density lipoprotein levels were significantly lower . These findings indicate the importance of regular exercise in the regulation of body weight and protection against cardiovascular risk factors in obese children Obese individuals are characterized by low circulating adiponectin concentrations and an increased number of macrophages in adipose tissue , which is believed to be causally associated with chronic low- grade inflammation and insulin resistance . Regular physical exercise decreases overall morbidity in obese subjects , which may be due to modulations of inflammatory pathways . In this r and omized clinical trial we investigated the separate effects of endurance training-induced weight loss , diet-induced weight loss , and endurance training per se ( without weight loss ) on plasma adiponectin multimer composition ( Western blotting ) and adipose tissue macrophage content ( immunohistochemistry ) in young , moderately overweight men .  Weight loss and endurance training per se decreased whole body fat percentage in an additive manner . No intervention-induced changes were observed for plasma total adiponectin . Surprisingly , endurance training , irrespectively of any associated weight loss , shifted the adiponectin multimer distribution toward a lower molecular weight ( 21 % decrease in HMW/LMW , P = 0.015 ) , whereas diet-induced weight loss shifted the distribution toward a higher molecular weight ( 42 % increase in HMW/MMW , P < 0.001 ) . Furthermore , endurance training per se increased the number of anti-inflammatory CD163⁺ macrophages [ from 12.7 ± 2.1 ( means ± SE ) to 16.1 ± 3.1 CD163⁺ cells/100 adipocytes , P = 0.013 ] , whereas diet-induced weight loss tended to decrease CD68⁺ macrophages in subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue . Thus regular physical exercise influences systemic and adipose tissue inflammatory pathways differently than diet-induced weight loss in younger , moderately overweight men . Our data suggest that some of the health benefits of a physically active lifestyle may occur through modulations of anti- rather than pro-inflammatory pathways in young , overweight men OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of : I ) short- ( 8 weeks ) , II ) long-term ( 3 years ) weight loss , and III ) the degree of weight loss on circulating levels of adiponectin , high sensitive-C reactive protein ( hs-CRP ) , and fibrinogen in obese subjects . Moreover , to evaluate the effect of the lipase inhibitor , orlistat , on these parameters . DESIGN Weight loss induced in 93 obese subjects ( mean weight : 108.9+/-15.8 kg ) through  8-week very-low-energy diet ( VLED , 800 kcal/day ) followed by r and omization to orlistat or placebo together with lifestyle intervention for further 3 years . Adiponectin and hs-CRP were measured at baseline , after 8 weeks of VLED and 6 , 12 , and 36 months after the VLED by flowmetric xMAP technology ( Luminex Multi-Analyte Profiling System , Luminex Corp. , Austin , TX , USA ) . Fibrinogen was measured in a coagulation assay . RESULTS Weight loss after VLED treatment was 14.3+/-4.5 kg and after 3 years 7.7+/-8.7 kg . Orlistat-treated subjects regained 3.9 kg less than placebo-treated from the end of the VLED to 3 years ( P=0.01 ) . No differences were detected between the two groups regarding changes in adiponectin , hs-CRP , or fibrinogen . Accordingly , the groups were combined for further analyses . Serum adiponectin increased by 22 % ( P<0.05 ) after the VLED but returned to baseline after 3 years . Both short- and long-term weight losses needed to be in excess of 10 % ( approximately 12 kg ) in order to increase adiponectin levels significantly . Weight loss was associated with a significant decrease in hs-CRP . Fibrinogen decreased by 12 % ( P<0.05 ) after 3 years . CONCLUSIONS In obese subjects , weight loss was associated with an increase in serum adiponectin and a decrease in hs-CRP and plasma fibrinogen . Long-term weight loss ( 3 years ) must exceed 10 % to induce a combined significant improvement in these inflammatory markers OBJECTIVE : To examine the effect of experimental changes in  children ’s sleep duration on self-reported food intake , food reinforcement , appetite-regulating hormones , and measured weight . METHODS : Using a within-subjects , counterbalanced , crossover design , 37 children , 8 to 11 years of age ( 27 % overweight/obese ) completed a 3-week study . Children slept their typical amount at home for 1 week and were then r and omized to either increase or decrease their time in bed by 1.5 hours per night for 1 week , completing the alternate schedule on the third week . Primary outcomes were dietary intake as assessed by 24-hour dietary recalls , food reinforcement ( ie , points earned for a food reward ) , and fasting leptin and ghrelin . The secondary outcome was child weight . RESULTS : Participants achieved a 2 hour , 21 minute difference in the actigraph defined sleep period time between the increase and decrease sleep conditions ( P < .001 ) . Compared with the decrease sleep condition , during the increase condition , children reported consuming an average of 134 kcal/day less ( P < .05 ) , and exhibited lower fasting morning leptin values ( P < .05 ) . Measured weights were 0.22 kg lower during the increase sleep than the decrease sleep condition ( P < .001 ) . There were no differences in food reinforcement or in fasting ghrelin . CONCLUSIONS : Compared with decreased sleep , increased sleep duration in school-age children result ed in lower reported food intake , lower fasting leptin levels , and lower weight . The potential role of sleep duration in pediatric obesity prevention and treatment warrants further study Evidence suggests that exercise affects breast cancer risk and outcomes , but little is known about the mechanisms through which this effect may be mediated . This study examines the impact of exercise upon levels of adiponectin , high molecular weight adiponectin ( HMWA ) , and leptin in breast cancer survivors . Methods One hundred and one sedentary , overweight breast cancer survivors were r and omized to a 16-week exercise intervention or usual care control group . Anthropometric measurements were taken and fasting levels of adiponectin , HMWA and leptin were collected at baseline and 16 weeks . Results Baseline and week-16 measurements were available for 81 patients . The exercise group experienced a significant decrease in hip measurements , with no change in weight or body composition . There were no significant changes in adiponectin , HMWA , or leptin in either group . Modeling analyses demonstrated a significant inverse relationship between changes in leptin and adiponectin , but no relationship between changes in BMI , waist or hip circumference , or body fat percentage and change in leptin or adiponectin . Conclusions This study did not demonstrate a significant change in adipocytokine levels in breast cancer survivors participating in an exercise intervention  , suggesting that further work is needed to explore the mechanisms through which exercise may impact breast cancer The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of exercise training on the levels of C-reactive protein ( CRP ) and adiponectin , and to assess whether exercise-induced changes in insulin resistance could be explained in part by changes in these inflammation markers . Study participants included 51 middle-aged ( 45.3+/-8.3 years ; mean+/-SD ) , overweight ( 33.7+/-4.8 BMI ) , insulin-resistant , nondiabetic individuals . Subjects had their insulin sensitivity , body fat , CRP , and adiponectin levels measured , and their predicted maximal fitness calculated before and after 16 weeks of moderate , intense , or no exercise training . Modest improvements in fitness , body composition , and insulin sensitivity were observed , but these changes were not associated with decreased CRP or increased adiponectin levels , even when subjects were stratified by their change in fitness or obesity . Regression analysis demonstrated that the change in percentage of body fat was significantly related to changes in insulin sensitivity , whereas changes in VO2 MAX , CRP , and adiponectin were not . Participation in moderate to intense exercise was not associated with improved measures of chronic inflammation markers , as measured by CRP and adiponectin . Moreover , improvements in insulin sensitivity result ing from exercise or modest weight loss did not appear to be related to changes in these markers Osteocalcin has been proposed to be a novel link between bone and energy metabolism . Previous studies showed its relations to exercise , body fat and glucose metabolism , but their interrelationship remains inconslusive . We evaluated the changes in osteocalcin level following 8‐week exercise programme and assessed how they are related to concomitant changes in body fat composition , insulin resistance and various adipocytokines  in a single centre , r and omized and prospect i ve design Abstract Adiponectin mRNA and plasma concentrations were reduced in obesity .  Exercise training may reduce the adipose tissue ( AT ) , although it is not well known , whether exercise – induced change in AT , increases adiponectin mRNA expression and plasma concentrations or not . Therefore , the purpose of this study was to examine the effects of short-term lifestyle activity modification ( LAM ) on adiponectin mRNA and plasma concentrations . Sixteen obese and overweight middle-aged men ( age , 35–50 years ) with type 2 diabetes participated in this study . The subjects were r and omly assigned to LAM group ( n=8 ) or control group ( n=8 ) . The subjects in LAM group walked two miles in 30 min on a treadmill on 4 days per week for 12 weeks according to the guidelines of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and American College of Sports Medicine . The results showed that body mass , body mass index , central visceral adipose tissue and subcutaneous adipose tissue volume and hip and thigh subcutaneous adipose tissue ( hip and thigh SAT ) volume were decreased in the LAM group compared to the control group ( P<0.05 ) . Adiponectin mRNA in abdominal and gluteal subcutaneous AT were increased significantly in the LAM group compared to the control group ( P<0.05 ) , while plasma adiponectin concentrations , hs-CRP and insulin resistance did not change significantly . In conclusion , adiponectin mRNA levels increase after 12 weeks of LAM ; however , plasma adiponectin levels were not affected by this protocol in obese and overweight middle-aged men with type 2 diabetes OBJECTIVE To determine whether an exercise intervention using an active video game ( Dance Dance Revolution [ DDR ] ) is effective in improving endothelial dysfunction ( EDF ) and other risk factors in overweight children . DESIGN Thirty-five children ( Body mass index > or = 85(th ) percentile , mean age 10.21+/-1.67 years , 17 females ) with EDF were assessed for flow-mediated dilation ( FMD ) , lipids , insulin , glucose , NO(2)+NO(3 ) , asymmetric dimethylarginine , symmetric dimethylarginine , l-arginine , height , weight , aerobic fitness , and blood pressure . In a sub sample , tumor necrosis factor alpha , interleukin-6 , C-reactive protein , and adiponectin were also assessed . Subjects were r and omly assigned to 12-weeks of aerobic exercise ( EX ) using DDR or to a non-exercising delayed-treatment control group ( DTC ) . RESULTS EX had significant improvements in FMD ( 5.56+/-5.04 % compared with 0.263+/-4.54 % , p=0.008 ) , exercise time on the grade d exercise test ( 53.59+/-91.54 compared with -12.83+/-68.10 seconds , p=0.025 ) , mean arterial pressure ( MAP ) ( -5.62+/-7.03 compared with -1.44+/-2.16 mmHg , p=0.05 ) , weight ( 0.91+/-1.53 compared with 2.43+/-1.80 kg , p=0.017 ) and peak VO(2 ) ( 2.38+/-3.91 compared with -1.23+/-3.18 mg/kg/min , p=0.005 ) compared with the DTC . Thirteen EX subjects achieved normal EDF while ten did not . These groups differed at baseline with regard to total cholesterol ( TC ) and low-density lipoprotein ( LDL ) . CONCLUSION Twelve weeks of DDR-use improved FMD , aerobic fitness , and MAP in overweight children . Improvements occurred without changes in inflammatory markers or nitric oxide production . The results document the need to explore relationships between obesity , endothelial function , inflammation , lipids , exercise intensity , and gender in a larger sample of overweight children BACKGROUND Excess body weight and a sedentary lifestyle are associated with the development of several diseases , including cardiovascular disease , diabetes and cancer in women . One proposed mechanism linking obesity to chronic diseases is an alteration in adipose-derived adiponectin and leptin levels . We investigated the effects of 12-month reduced calorie , weight loss and exercise interventions on adiponectin and leptin concentrations . METHODS Overweight/obese postmenopausal women ( n = 439 ) were r and omized as follows : ( i ) a reduced calorie , weight-loss diet ( diet ; N = 118 ) , ( ii  ) moderate-to-vigorous intensity aerobic exercise ( exercise ; N = 117 ) , ( iii ) a combination of a reduced calorie , weight-loss diet and moderate-to-vigorous intensity aerobic exercise ( diet + exercise ; N = 117 ) , and ( iv ) control ( N = 87 ) . The reduced calorie diet had a 10 % weight-loss goal . The exercise intervention consisted of 45 min of moderate-to-vigorous aerobic activity 5 days per week . Adiponectin and leptin levels were measured at baseline and after 12 months of intervention using a radioimmunoassay . RESULTS Adiponectin increased by 9.5 % in the diet group and 6.6 % in the diet + exercise group ( both P ≤ 0.0001 vs. control ) . Compared with controls , leptin decreased with all interventions ( diet + exercise , -40.1 % , P < 0.0001 ; diet , -27.1 % , P < 0.0001 ; exercise , -12.7 % , P = 0.005 ) . The results were not influenced by the baseline body mass index ( BMI ) . The degree of weight loss was inversely associated with concentrations of adiponectin  ( diet , P-trend = 0.0002 ; diet + exercise , P-trend = 0.0005 ) and directly associated with leptin ( diet , P-trend < 0.0001 ; diet + exercise , P-trend < 0.0001 ) . CONCLUSION Weight loss through diet or diet + exercise  increased adiponectin concentrations . Leptin concentrations decreased in all of the intervention groups , but the greatest reduction occurred with diet + exercise . Weight loss and exercise exerted some beneficial effects on chronic diseases via effects on adiponectin and leptin Purpose We investigate the effects of 12-week interval training of moderate- or high-intensity exercise on blood lipids and plasma levels of adiponectin . Methods Thirty-four obese adolescent females [ age = 15.9 ± 0.3 years ; BMI and BMI -Z-score = 30.8 ± 1.6 kg/m2 and 3 ± 0.3 , respectively ] , were r and omized to high-intensity interval training ( HIIT , n = 11 ) , moderate-intensity interval training ( MIIT , n = 11 ) , or a control group ( CG , n = 12 ) . Maximal oxygen uptake ( $ $ \mathop V\limits^{. } { \text{O}}_{{2{\text{peak}}}}$$V.O2peak ) , maximal aerobic speed ( MAS ) , plasma lipids and adiponectin levels were measured in all subjects before and after training . Results Following the training program , in both training groups , body mass , BMI -Z-score , and percentage body fat ( % BF ) decreased , while $ $ \mathop V\limits^{. } { \text{O}}_{{2{\text{peak}}}}$$V.O2peak and MAS increased . Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol , high-density lipoprotein cholesterol , and adiponectin levels were positively altered ( −12.6 and −7.4 % ; 6.3 and 8.0 % ; 35.8 and 16.2 % ; high to moderate training program , respectively ) . Waist circumference , triglyceride and total cholesterol decreased only in HIIT group ( −3.5 ; −5.3 and −7.0 % , respectively , in all P < 0.05 ) . Significant decrease in the usual index of insulin resistance ( HOMA-IR ) occurred in HIIT and MIIT groups ( −29.2 ± 5.3 and −18.4 ± 8.6 % , respectively ; P < 0.01 ) . Conclusion The results show that HIIT positively changes blood lipids and adiponectin variables in obese adolescent girls , result ing in improved insulin sensitivity , as attested by a lower HOMA-IR , and achieving better results compared to moderate-intensity exercise
target: Exercise , particularly aerobic exercise , had a significant effect on serum leptin and a possible influence on adiponectin levels , suggesting its therapeutic implication
background: Previous reports have shown that exercise improves serum leptin and adiponectin abnormalities in overweight and obese individuals ; however , results to date are controversial .
  Here we performed a systematic review and meta- analysis of the available r and omized controlled trials ( RCTs ) of the possible beneficial action of exercise on serum leptin and adiponectin levels in overweight and obese individuals .