title: Five-year clinical evaluation of two adhesive systems in non-carious cervical lesions. Relationship between adhesive thickness and microtensile bond strength. One-year clinical performance of a resin-modified glass ionomer and a resin composite restorative material in unprepared Class V restorations. One-year clinical performance of a self-etching adhesive in class V resin composites cured by two methods. Three-year clinical evaluation of the Clearfil Liner Bond system. Six-month clinical evaluation of two dentin adhesives applied on dry vs moist dentin. Eighteen-month clinical evaluation of a filled and unfilled dentin adhesive. Effect of resin viscosity and enamel beveling on the clinical performance of Class V composite restorations: three-year results. Bonding strength to two different surfaces of dentin under simulated pulpal pressure. Class V lesions restored with four different tooth-colored materials – 3-year results Cervical compomer restorations: the role of cavity etching in a 48-month clinical evaluation. Two-year clinical comparison of a microfilled and a hybrid resin-based composite in non-carious Class V lesions. Five-year double-blind randomized clinical evaluation of a resin-modified glass ionomer and a polyacid-modified resin in noncarious cervical lesions. Micromorphological spectrum from overdrying to overwetting acid-conditioned dentin in water-free acetone-based, single-bottle primer/adhesives. Relation between water content in acetone/alcohol-based primer and interfacial ultrastructure. Three-year clinical evaluation of One-Step in non-carious cervical lesions. Microtensile bond strength of a total-etch 3-step, total-etch 2-step, self-etch 2-step, and a self-etch 1-step dentin bonding system through 15-month water storage. Two-year clinical performance of Class V resin-modified glass-lonomer and resin composite restorations. Durability of three simplified adhesive systems in Class V non-carious cervical dentin lesions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE This controlled clinical trial evaluated the 5-year clinical performance of a self-etching primer system including selective enamel-etching with phosphoric acid and a one-bottle adhesive system . METHODS Seventy-two non-carious cervical lesions in 8 patients ( 4 male and 4 female ) with a mean age of 61.3 years ( range 45 - 78 ) participated in the study . An enamel bevel was placed and dentin lightly ground , and cavities restored with clearfil liner bond II ( LB ) or single bond ( SB ) in conjunction with a hybrid resin composite ( Clearfil AP-X ) . In the case of 27 cavities for LB , the enamel was pretreated with 37 % phosphoric acid for 10 s. Each patient received both types of restoration , which were distributed on a r and om basis . All restorations ( 37 restorations for LB and 35 restorations for SB ) were placed by one dentist . The restorations were evaluated blind after 5 years using modified USPHS criteria . The data were statistically analyzed using the Fisher 's exact test . RESULTS All but one restoration ( which was replaced by a crown after the 2-year recall ) were evaluated after 5 years . 100 % retention rates were recorded for both restorative groups . No caries was detected in association with any restorations . The only minor problem was marginal discoloration ; superficial and localized marginal discoloration occurred around 18 % of the restorations , and mainly at the dentin margin . There were no significant differences in the marginal integrity between the LB and SB groups . CONCLUSIONS Restorative material s used in this study demonstrated a good clinical effectiveness in the restoration of non-carious cervical lesions for 5 years This study evaluated the effect of the thickness of the adhesive resin layer of two commercially available resin bonding systems on bond strengths ( Single Bond and Liner Bond 2V ) . The adhesive of Single Bond contains ethanol and water as solvents and is applied using the moist-bonding technique . The adhesive of Liner Bond 2V contains no solvents and is applied after a self-etching primer treatment . Forty-six caries-free molars were ground flat to expose the dentin surface and polished with # 800-grit silicon carbide paper under running water . A vinyl tape punched with a 6 mm diameter hole was then placed on the dentin surface to demarcate the area for bonding . The thickness of the adhesive resin layer was varied by stacking an increasing numbers of vinyl tapes together . The teeth were r and omly divided into two groups and treated with either Clearfil Liner Bond 2V or Single Bond . They were further divided into subgroups according to the number of tapes placed on the dentin surface . After the bonding procedures the teeth were incrementally restored with Clearfil AP-X resin composite , building a 5 mm high crown to produce sufficient bulk for the microtensile bond test and stored in tap water at 37 degrees C for 24 hours . The teeth were then sectioned along their long axis into 0.7 mm thick slabs and trimmed for the microtensile bond test using a super-fine diamond bur . The thickness of the adhesive resin layer was then measured with a light microscope and the slabs tested in tension at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/minute . The results were subjected to statistical analysis by a one-way analysis of variance and linear regressions with 95 % confidence intervals . The thickness of the Clearfil Liner Bond 2V adhesive layer ranged from 5 mm-1500 mm , and for Single Bond , it varied from < 7.5 mm-430 mm . For Clearfil Liner Bond 2V , bond strengths increased significantly as the thickness of bonding layer increased ( p < 0.05 ) . However , the bond strengths of the Single Bond decreased significantly with increased thickness of the bonding layer ( p < 0.05 ) This study evaluated the clinical performance and appearance of a resin-modified glass ionomer and a resin composite over one year . Thirty-seven pairs of restorations of Fuji II LC and Z250/Single Bond were placed in caries-free cervical erosion/abfraction lesions without tooth preparation . Restorations were clinical ly evaluated at baseline and 6 and 12 months , using modified Ryge/USPHS criteria . No significant difference ( p>0.05 ) was observed in performance of both material s , although retention of the Z250 restorations was below the minimum specified in the ADA Acceptance Program for Dentin and Enamel Adhesives . Little difference in the restorations ' appearance was observed This study evaluated the clinical performance of a self-etching adhesive for resin composites over one year . Thirty pairs of restorations of Pertac II , using the adhesive Prompt L-Pop , were placed in caries-free cervical erosion/abfraction lesions without tooth preparation . One of each pair was cured using " soft-start " polymerization , while the other was polymerized with high-intensity halogen light . Restorations were clinical ly evaluated at baseline , six and 12 months using modified Ryge/USPHS criteria . Although no significant difference ( p>0.05 ) was observed between the curing methods , adhesive performance was poor , with a 35 % loss of restorations overall Modern dental adhesive systems have improved the bond of restorative material s to mineralized tooth structures . The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical performance of composite restorations placed in abrasion and erosion lesions using the Clearfil Liner Bond dental adhesive system . Following ADA clinical guidelines for dentin and enamel adhesive material s , 62 facial class 5 smooth surface erosion or abrasion lesions with no undercuts and involving primarily root surfaces were restored in 25 adult male and female patients . The teeth were restored without preparations using Clearfil Liner Bond and Clearfil Photo Anterior composite resin . The clinical performance of the restorations was assessed by two examiners at baseline , 6 months , 1 , 2 , and 3 years using the following evaluative parameters : color match , marginal discoloration , and marginal integrity according to modified Ryge criteria ; the presence or absence of recurrent decay ; pre- and postoperative sensitivity ; and restoration failure due to loss of retention or other causes . At the end of 3 years , four of the 55 restorations remaining in the study failed due to lack of retention ( 92.7 % retention rate ) . The evaluations of the other clinical parameters demonstrated excellent performance by this system PURPOSE Acid-etched dentin has been described to easily collapse when it is dried with air after being rinsed with water under laboratorial " ideal " conditions . Manufacturers of modern dentin adhesives recommend leaving dentin moist , regardless of the solvent used in their proprietary dentin adhesives . Nevertheless , many clinicians still dry the cavity preparation after rinsing off the etching gel to check for the enamel frosted aspect . The null hypothesis to be tested in this clinical study was that drying dentin with air upon rinsing off the acid would not result in lower short-term retention rates than when the cavity was left visibly moist . MATERIAL S AND METHODS Upon Internal Review Board approval , thirty-five patients were enrolled in this study . A total of 128 restorations divided into four groups were inserted and evaluated at baseline : ( A ) Prime & Bond NT , an acetone-based adhesive , applied on moist dentin ; ( B ) Prime & Bond NT applied on dentin dried with air for 3 to 4 s ; ( C ) Single Bond , an ethanol- and water-based adhesive , applied on moist dentin ; ( D ) Single Bond applied on dentin dried with air for 3 to 4 s. A microfilled composite resin was used for all restorations . RESULTS At 6 months after initial placement , 119 restorations ( a 93 % recall rate ) were re-evaluated . Retention rates at 6 months were 97 % ( one failure ) for Single Bond/moist dentin and 100 % for the remaining three groups ; however , they were not significantly different ( retention rate vs dentin adhesive ; retention rate vs moisture ) . CONCLUSION Dentin substrate in noncarious lesions may be less sensitive to variations in dentin moisture than the " ideal " dentin substrate used under laboratory conditions OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of a filled ( OptiBond Solo ) and an unfilled ( Prime & Bond 2.1 ) " one-bottle " adhesive in Class V restorations after 18 months of clinical service . METHODS Thirty-three patients with non-carious cervical lesions were enrolled in the study . A total of 101 lesions were restored using one of the adhesives and a hybrid composite resin . Enamel was not beveled , nor was any mechanical retention placed . The restorations were evaluated at baseline , and at 6 and 18 months after placement using modified USPHS criteria . RESULTS Cumulative 18-month retention rates were 93.6 % for OptiBond Solo and 98.0 % for Prime & Bond 2.1 . The difference in retention rates was not statistically significant . For OptiBond Solo , the only notable problems were interfacial staining and marginal adaptation , both of which were less than ideal in 9 % of restorations . Marginal problems were slightly less frequent for Prime & Bond 2.1 restorations , but the difference was not significant . CONCLUSIONS Both adhesives provided Class V retention rates exceeding the 18-month , full acceptance guidelines set by the American Dental Association . Any additional benefit provided by the use of a filled adhesive was not detected in this 18-month clinical trial This study evaluated the effect of the elastic modulus and margin configuration on the clinical performance of  resin-based composite restorations in Class V non-carious defects . One hundred and five cervical non-carious defects on buccal surfaces of canines and premolars were included in this study . Defects were r and omly divided into three Groups and restored according to the following techniques : Group 1 - -no enamel bevel was placed and the defect was restored with a microfilled resin-based composite ( Durafill VS ) ; Group 2 - -the enamel margin was beveled and the defect restored as in Group 1 ; Group 3-the enamel margin was beveled and the defect was restored with a flowable resin-based composite ( Natural Flow ) . Each group comprised 35 lesions . A total-etch , one-bottle adhesive ( One-Step ) was used in all groups . Retention rate , pre- and post-operative sensitivity , marginal discoloration and secondary caries were determined over a three-year period and the data were analyzed statistically . At six months post-insertion , the restorations placed with beveled enamel margins result ed in 100 % retention regardless of the composite used compared to a 66 % retention of the non-beveled margins . At two and three years , no significant difference in retention rate was found among the three groups . Post-operative sensitivity , marginal discoloration and secondary caries were not affected by enamel beveling and restorative material . Beveled enamel margins result ed in significantly better clinical retention in the first six months only . Enamel beveling and composite viscosity appeared to not significantly affect the clinical performance of Class V non-retentive composite restorations after three years PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to measure and compare the in vitro shear bond strengths ( SBS ) of the following dentin bonding systems to different dentin surfaces under simulated pulpal pressure : Liner Bond 2 ( self-etching ) ( LB2 ) , Liner Bond 2V ( self-etching ) ( LB2V ) , Opti Bond Solo ( single component ) ( OBS ) , Fuji Bond LC ( filled ) ( FBLC ) , Prime & Bond 2 - 1 ( single component ) ( P&B2 - 1 ) , and Solid Bond ( total etching ) ( SB ) . MATERIAL S AND METHODS Occlusal and buccal surfaces of 60 extracted human molars were prepared to expose the dentin bonding surface . After being wet ground with 600-grit abrasive papers , teeth were r and omly assigned to 6 equal groups of 10 each . The dentin surfaces were treated with the bonding systems mentioned above , and resin composite cylinders ( Clearfil AP-X ) were built up under simulated pulpal pressure when diluted bovine serum was used as the pulpal fluid . After one day of storage in 37 degrees C water , the specimens were shear tested to failure on an Instron machine . RESULTS The data were statistically analyzed with the Student 's t-test and a post hoc Tukey test . Comparing buccal surfaces , the post hoc Tukey test indicated no significant differences among all the test groups ( p > 0.05 ) . On occlusal surfaces , the post hoc Tukey test indicated significant differences among the tested groups ( p < 0.05 ) . The Student 's t test revealed significant differences between the occlusal and buccal shear bond strength values in LB 2 , LB2V , and SB groups ( p < 0.05 ) . CONCLUSION The strength of adhesion to dentin depends upon both the adhesive system used - with self-etching systems tending to show higher bond strengths than the other material s tested - and the location of the dentin , with significantly higher SBS being found on buccal surfaces in 3 of the 7 tested bonding systems Abstract The aim of this study was to compare the treatment results using four different types of tooth colored material s for restoring class V lesions . A total of 197 class V restorations ( n=197 ) were placed by one dentist in 37 patients on incisors , canines and premolars . The fillings were placed due to different indications : erosion/non-carious cervical defects ( n=69 ) , primary carious lesions ( n=57 ) , and for replacing defective existing fillings ( n=71 ) . The teeth were assigned on a r and om basis to four groups for restoration with either a composite ( group 1 : n=36 ; Tetric , Vivadent ) , or a polyacid-modified resin composite ( group 2 : n=79 ; Dyract , Dentsply ) , or one of two different resin-modified glass ionomer cements ( group 3 : n=51 , Fuji II LC , GC ; group 4 : n=31 , Photac-Fil , Espe ) . The restorations were evaluated by a single-blind design , according to a modified USPHS system 36 months following placement . Statistical analysis was completed with the Pearson Chi-square test for comparing the results of the four groups ( P<0.05 ) . Additionally , the survival rates were analyzed with the Kaplan-Meier estimator and the Log-rank test ( P<0.05 ) . The Alpha ratings were as follows ( Tetric/Dyract/Fuji II LC/Photac Fil ) : shade match ( 86%/77%/58%/40 % ) , surface texture ( 81%/83%/16%/9 % ) , marginal integrity ( enamel ) ( 73%/67%/61%/61 % ) , marginal integrity ( dentin ) ( 86%/70%/55%/61 % ) , marginal discoloration ( enamel ) ( 59%/44%/58%/52 % ) , marginal discoloration ( dentin ) ( 82%/84%/71%/48 % ) , anatomic contours ( 91%/83%/39%/ 35 % ) . One Tetric restoration , five Dyract restorations , two Fuji II LC restorations and three Photac restorations were dislodged within the study period . The retention of the restorations showed no significant difference among the four material s. However , the clinical performance of the restorations retained over the 3-year period showed distinct differences for the four material s. The best clinical performance was observed for the resin composite , whereas the quality of the Dyract restorations without enamel etching was worse . The poorest results were obtained for the restorations with the resin-modified glass ionomers Compomers are defined as polyacid-modified resin composites . They are supposed to combine the advantages of traditional glass-ionomer cements with resin composites . This study clinical ly evaluated a compomer in cervical cavities . Sixty cervical cavities in premolars and molars ( 24 with cervical caries and 36 with abrasions ) r and omly divided into two groups of 30 teeth ( Group 1 and Group 2 ) were restored with Dyract  ( DeTrey-Dentsply , York , PA 17405 - 0872 ) . The cavities of Group 2 were etched for 30 seconds with orthophosphoric acid before compomer application , while the Group 1 cavities received no treatment . All the restorations were evaluated every six months , up to 48 months : characteristics assessed according to USPHS-modified st and ards were retention , secondary caries , post-operative sensitivity , marginal adaptation and discoloration , color and wear . The Kaplan-Meier 's survival analysis was performed . In both groups , retention was high without any statistically significant difference . No difference was found between the two groups for caries , post-operative sensitivity and wear -- that all had a low incidence . Color was not perfectly matched , however , there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups . Marginal discoloration and marginal adaptation loss were significantly higher in non-etched group ( p < 0.05 ) . Clinical ly relevant failure required 17.2 % of restorations in the non-etched group and 10 % in the etched group to be replaced : this difference was not statistically significant . Dyract has an acceptable clinical behavior when used in cervical cavities . Its marginal adaptation is enhanced by etching The purpose of this double-blind clinical trial was to compare the retention rate in noncarious Class V lesions of two resin-based composite restorative material s with contrasting stiffness . Isolation with retraction cord , pressed paper triangles , and cotton rolls was used to closely mimic the procedures generally used in a practice setting . Thirty pairs of restorations were placed , one using Silux Plus and one using Z100 . The assignment of material was r and omized , and the subjects were unaware of the material used . All restorations were placed with a fourth-generation adhesive liner , Scotchbond Multi- Purpose . Evaluations were performed at baseline , 6 , 12 , 18 , and 24 months by two independent examiners using criteria developed by Cvar and Ryge in a forced consensus model . Examiners were unaware of the restoration 's group identity . No difference between the retention rates for the two groups was found after 24 months , bringing into question the role that a material 's stiffness plays in determining retention in a noncarious Class V lesion PURPOSE The aim of this double-blind r and omized study was to compare the clinical performance of a resin-modified glass ionomer ( Vitremer , 3 M ) and a polyacid-modified resin ( Dyract , Dentsply DeTrey ) in noncarious Class V restorations after 5 years . MATERIAL S AND METHODS Twelve patients , having at least one pair of equal-sized noncarious cervical lesions under occlusion and a mean age of 40 years ( range 19 to 63 years ; median 41 ) , were enrolled in this study . A total of 32 restorations ( 16 with each material ) were placed according to the manufacturers ' instructions by two calibrated operators . Two other independent examiners evaluated the restorations at baseline and after 5 years according to the USPHS criteria . The assessment criteria were : retention , anatomical form , marginal adaptation and marginal discoloration , color match , surface texture , and secondary caries . Statistical analysis was conducted using Fisher 's exact test ( alpha = 0.05 ) . RESULTS No secondary caries was detected with either material . The retention rate for Vitremer ( 93 % ) and for Dyract ( 78.5 % ) did not differ significantly ( p > 0.05 ) . Regarding anatomical form , only two restorations of each material were recorded as bravo . In terms of marginal adaptation , 38.5 % of Dyract restorations were rated alpha and 61.5 % bravo , while 84.6 % of Vitremer restorations were rated alpha and only 15.4 % bravo ( p < 0.05 ) . For marginal discoloration , 18.2 % of Dyract restorations and 84.6 % of Vitremer restorations were rated alpha , with the remaining rated bravo . 86 % of Vitremer restorations were rated as bravo and 23 % alpha for both surface texture and color match . All Dyract restorations were classified as alpha regarding surface texture , and only two Dyract restorations ( 18.2 % ) were classified as bravo in the color match item . CONCLUSION The marginal adaptation of the RMGIC ( Vitremer ) was significantly better , the marginal discoloration lower , and the retention rate higher ( though not significantly ) than that of the PMRC ( Dyract ) after 5 years in situ . Dyract performed better in terms of surface texture and color match in noncarious Class V restorations after 5 years OBJECTIVES The goal of this study was to illustrate and define the micromorphological spectrum which exists at the resin-dentin interface when two water-free , acetone-based , single-bottle primer/adhesive systems ( One-Step , Bisco , and Prime & Bond , Dentsply/L.D. Caulk ) were applied to acid-conditioned dentin under different dry and wet bonding conditions . METHODS Forty-eight 1 mm dentin discs were each conditioned with 10 % phosphoric acid and rinsed for 20 s. They were r and omly divided into 4 groups based upon the status of the remaining surface moisture ; Group I ( 30 s dry ) ; Group II ( 3 s dry ) ; Group III ( blot dry ) and Group IV ( overwet ) . Bonded dentin disc pairs were then demineralized in EDTA and embedded in epoxy resin for transmission electron microscopic examination . RESULTS The micromorphological spectra of the two bonding systems were essentially similar . Both were effected by even mild desiccation ( 3 s ) , result ing in incomplete intertubular resin infiltration . Optimal intertubular resin infiltration was achieved when the collagen network was kept moist and appeared relatively unaffected by the presence of excess surface moisture . On the other h and , intratubular resin infiltration was severely compromised in the presence of excess water within the dentinal tubules and at their openings in the dentin surface . The continuity of the resin layer deteriorated ; blister-like spaces formed on the dentin surface and resin globules were found around the tubular orifices and on the surface of the hybrid layer . In addition , a complex phase separation pattern was observed in Prime & Bond that was characterized by phase inversion in the presence of surface moisture . SIGNIFICANCE The " window of opportunity " for optimal interfacial integrity for both water-free systems appeared to depend upon keeping the demineralized collagen network moist , coupled with the complete evaporation of excess and " displaced " water from tissues prior to light-curing the prime/adhesives OBJECTIVES This study investigated the ultrastructure of the resin-dentine interface when a two-bottle primer system containing NTG-GMA ( N(p-tolyl)glycine-glycidyl methacrylate ) and BPDM ( biphenyl dimethacrylate ) was used with different concentrations of water as a part of the primer solvent : ( I ) an experimental version of All-Bond 2 with no water in primer A ; ( II ) a commercial version of All-Bond 2 ( Bisco , Itasca , IL , USA ) with 5 % water in primer A ; and ( III ) a former version of All-Bond 2 with 17 % water in primer A. METHODS Thirty-six 1-mm thick dentine discs prepared from third permanent molar teeth were each conditioned with 10 % phosphoric acid for 20 s and rinsed for 20 s. They were r and omly divided into three groups : Group A , conditioned dentine surface air-dried for 30 s ; Group B , air-dried for 3 s ; and Group C , blot-dried so that the dentine surface remained visibly moist . The three categories of primers were applied to each disc in 8 - 10 coats , result ing in nine sub-groups . Discs in each sub-group were bonded together to form disc-pairs using a chemical cure resin , demineralized in ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid ( EDTA ) and prepared for transmission electron microscopic examination . RESULTS With the use of the water-free primer version , sub-optimal hybridization was observed whenever dentine was dried prior to bonding ( Groups IA and IB ) . In the 5 % water version , prolonged desiccation result ed in compromised hybridization ( Group IIA ) , while resin globules were observed on the surface of the hybrid layer when a moist technique was employed ( Group IIC ) . In the 17 % water version , surface blisters and globules characteristic of the ' overwet phenomenon ' were observed in Groups IIIB and IIIC . CONCLUSION Between the two extremes of a morphological spectrum of bonding conditions , the different primer versions exhibited different sensitivity ranges . There was a shift in the ' window of opportunity ' for optimal hybridization and tubular seal depending on the water content of the primer system investigated PURPOSE To clinical ly evaluate the 3-year performance of a one-bottle dentin adhesive in the restoration of non-carious cervical lesions ( NCCLs ) with resin composite . MATERIAL S AND METHODS 105 NCCLs were restored with either AElite Flow , Bisco Glaze ( both flowable resin-based composites ) or Silux ( a microfilled resin-based composite ) , using One-Step dentin adhesive . The cavities were cleaned with pumice and water slurry , the dentin lightly roughened with a fine diamond bur , and the restorations placed according to the manufacturer 's instructions . Patients were recalled at 6 months , 1 year , 2 years and 3 years , and restoration integrity and marginal discoloration assessed . RESULTS The overall retention rates were : 6 months , 100 % ; 1 year , 95 % ; 2 years , 87 % ; 3 years , 75 % . Marginal discoloration was negligible , and there was no significant difference among the material s , although there was a trend for it to be greater around the Bisco Glaze restorations PURPOSE To evaluate dentin bond durability using current dentin adhesive resin bonding approaches over a 15-month period of water storage . MATERIAL S AND METHODS Forty-four extracted human molars were polished with 600-grit SiC papers exposing occlusal dentin , and r and omly distributed into four adhesive groups : total-etch 3-step ( TE3 ) ( Scotchbond Multi- Purpose , 3 M ESPE ) , total-etch 2-step ( TE2 ) ( Single Bond , 3 M ESPE ) , self-etch 2-step ( SE2 ) ( Clearfil SE Bond , Kuraray ) , and a self-etch 1-step ( SE1 ) ( Prompt L-Pop , 3 M ESPE ) . A resin composite crown was incrementally formed and light cured to approximately 6 mm in height . Microtensile specimens were fabricated and stored in distilled water containing 0.5 % chloramine T and tensile tested at 1 mm/min after 1 , 6 , and 15 months . The debond pathway was recorded as either involving the substrate or joint using scanning electron microscopy . SAS software was used to compute Weibull parameters and distributions , Log-rank and Wilcoxon tests were used for comparison of survival curves over time for each adhesive system and between adhesive systems . RESULTS The TE2 was significantly weaker than TE3 and SE2 after 1 and 6 months of storage , but all three systems were equivalent after 15 months of storage . The SE1 system could not be tested due to 58 of 65 specimens failing during specimen preparation . Failure modes were observed to be dependent upon adhesive system , with only the total-etch 2-step system demonstrating an increasing involvement in the adhesive joint over time . CONCLUSION Although differences in bond strength were observed across adhesive systems up to 6 months of storage , no differences were noted at 15 months . This may represent common degradative mechanisms While a one-year report had been previously published , this study was undertaken to evaluate the clinical performance and appearance of a resin-modified glass ionomer and a resin composite over two years . Thirty-seven pairs of restorations of FujI II LC and Z 250/Single Bond were placed in caries-free cervical erosion/abfraction lesions without tooth preparation . Restorations were clinical ly evaluated at baseline , 6 , 12 , 18 and 24 months using modified Ryge/USPHS criteria . No statistically significant difference ( p = 0.13 ) was observed in the overall performance of the material s. Retention was 96 % for the resin-modified glass ionomer and 81 % for the resin composite , with no additional restorations of either material lost after one year . As previously reported , retention of the Z 250 restorations at six months was below the minimum specified in the ADA Acceptance Program for Dentin and Enamel Adhesives . The resin composite restorations generally had a better appearance , with a 100 % alpha rating in color match , versus 85 % for the resin-modified glass ionomer PURPOSE To investigate the durability of three simplified systems in Class V non-carious abrasion/erosion lesions . METHODS 144 non-carious cervical dentin lesions were restored either with Clearfil Liner Bond 2 , a 2-step self-etching primer ( n = 46 ) , One Coat Bond , a one bottle total-etch system applied with one coat ( n = 46 ) , or Prompt-L-Pop , a 1-step self-etching primer ( " all-in-one " ) ( n = 52 ) , in 90 individuals . Ninety-eight of the lesions showed sclerotic dentin and 46 were non-sclerotic . Sixty-one were slightly roughened with a diamond bur before conditioning . The restorations were evaluated every 6 months during a 2-year period with slightly modified USPHS criteria . RESULTS All except three restorations were evaluated over 2 years . The cumulative loss rates for Clearfil Liner Bond 2 , One Coat Bond and Prompt-L-Pop were at 6 months : 4.3 , 2.2 and 3.9 % , at 18 months : 4.3 , 10.9 and 15.4 % and at 24 months : 8.7 , 13.0 and 21.2 % , respectively . The cumulative loss rates of the material s in sclerotic lesions ( 15.7 % ) versus non-sclerotic lesions ( 14.0 % ) were not significanty different . Restorations placed with a diamond bur-roughened lesions showed a loss rate of 14.5 % , while for the non-roughened lesions the frequency was 14.8 %
target: RESULTS Comparison of retention of class-V adhesive restorations as a measure to determine clinical bonding effectiveness of adhesives revealed that glass-ionomers most effectively and durably bond to tooth tissue .
  Three-step etch- and -rinse adhesives and two-step self-etch adhesives showed a clinical ly reliable and predictably good clinical performance .
  The clinical effectiveness of two-step etch- and -rinse adhesives was less favourable , while an inefficient clinical performance was noted for the one-step self-etch adhesives .
  SIGNIFICANCE Although there is a tendency towards adhesives with simplified application procedures , simplification so far appears to induce loss of effectiveness .
background: OBJECTIVES The purpose of this paper was to review current literature on the clinical effectiveness of contemporary adhesives when used to restore cervical non-carious class-V lesions .
  Restoration retention in function of time was recorded in order to find out if adhesives with a simplified application procedure are as clinical ly effective as conventional three-step adhesives .