title: The Functional Movement Screen in the Prediction of Injury in Adolescent Cricket Pace Bowlers: An Observational Study. Discriminating Talent Identified Junior Australian Footballers Using a Fundamental Gross Athletic Movement Assessment. Functional Movement Screen for Predicting Running Injuries in 18- to 24-Year-Old Competitive Male Runners Association between lower extremity posture at contact and peak knee valgus moment during sidestepping: implications for ACL injury. Reliability and validity of observational risk screening in evaluating dynamic knee valgus. Identifying the Physical Fitness, Anthropometric and Athletic Movement Qualities Discriminant of Developmental Level in Elite Junior Australian Football: Implications for the Development of Talent The Epidemiology of Knee Injuries in English Professional Rugby Union Relative Balance of Serratus Anterior and Upper Trapezius Muscle Activity during Push-Up Exercises Star Excursion Balance Test as a predictor of lower extremity injury in high school basketball players. FUNCTIONAL MOVEMENT SCREEN NORMATIVE VALUES AND VALIDITY IN HIGH SCHOOL ATHLETES: CAN THE FMS™ BE USED AS A PREDICTOR OF INJURY? A Prospective Evaluation of the Landing Error Scoring System (LESS) as a Screening Tool for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Risk Association of the Functional Movement Screen with injuries in division I athletes. Lower extremity functional tests and risk of injury in division iii collegiate athletes. The Relationship Between Core Stability and Performance in Division I Football Players Injury prediction in veteran football players using the Functional Movement Screen™ The Effects of Generalized Joint Laxity on Risk of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury in Young Female Athletes
abstract: CONTEXT The Functional Movement Screen ( FMS ) has been found to be a valid preparticipation screening tool in the prediction of injury among various athletes in different sports . The validity thereof in the prediction of injury among adolescent cricketers is yet to be established . OBJECTIVE To determine if a preseason FMS total score is a valid predictor of in-season injury among adolescent pace bowlers . DESIGN Prospect i ve observational quantitative study . SETTING Bowlers performed the FMS before the start of the season . Injury incidence was monitored monthly throughout the season . The student t test and Fisher 's exact test were used to compare the FMS scores of the injured and noninjured bowlers as well as the injured and noninjured bowlers who scored ≤ 14 . PARTICIPANTS 27 injury-free , male , adolescent pace bowlers . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The FMS ( scoring criteria and score sheet ) and st and ardized self-administered injury question naire . RESULTS There was no difference between the noninjured group ( 16.55 ± 2.57 ) and the injured ( 16.1 ± 2.07 ) group in terms of FMS scores . There was no significant difference between injured and noninjured bowlers who scored ≤ 14 . A total FMS score of 14 does not provide the sensitivity needed to assess injury risk among adolescent pace bowlers and no other accurate cut-off score could be calculated . CONCLUSION Preseason observed total FMS score is a poor predictor of in-season injury among adolescent pace bowlers . Further research should be conducted to determine if a specific FMS test will be a more valid predictor of injury Talent identification ( TID ) is a pertinent component of the sports sciences , affording practitioners the opportunity to target developmental interventions to a select few ; optimising financial investments . However , TID is multi-componential , requiring the recognition of immediate and prospect i ve performance . The measurement of athletic movement skill may afford practitioners insight into the latter component given its augmented relationship with functional sport specific qualities . It is currently unknown whether athletic movement skill is a discriminant quality in junior Australian football ( AF ) . This study aim ed to discriminate talent identified junior AF players from their non-talent identified counterparts using a fundamental gross athletic movement assessment .  From a total of 50 under 18 ( U18 ) AF players ; two groups were classified a priori based on selection level ; talent identified ( n = 25 ; state academy representatives ) and non-talent identified ( n = 25 ; state-based competition representatives ) . Players performed a fundamental gross athletic movement assessment based on the Athletic Ability Assessment ( AAA ) , consisting of an overhead squat , double lunge ( left and right legs ) , single leg Romanian deadlift ( left and right legs ) , and a push up ( six movement criterions ) . Movements were scored across three assessment points using a three-point scale ( result ing in a possible score of nine for each movement ) . A multivariate analysis of variance revealed significant between group effects on four of the six movement criterions ( d = 0.56 - 0.87 ; p = 0.01 - 0.02 ) . Binary logistic regression models and a receiver operating characteristic curve inspection revealed that the overhead squat score provided the greatest group discrimination ( β(SE ) = -0.89(0.44 ) ; p < 0.05 ) , with a score of 4.5 classifying 64 % and 88 % of the talent identified and non-talent identified groups , respectively . Results support the integration of this assessment into contemporary talent identification approaches in junior AF , as it may provide coaches with insight into a juniors developmental potential Abstract Hotta , T , Nishiguchi , S , Fukutani , N , Tashiro , Y , Adachi , D , Morino , S , Shirooka , H , Nozaki , Y , Hirata , H , Yamaguchi , M , and Aoyama , T. Functional movement screen for predicting running injuries in 18- to 24-year-old competitive male runners . J Strength Cond Res 29(10 ) : 2808–2815 , 2015—The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the functional movement screen ( FMS ) could predict running injuries in competitive runners . Eighty-four competitive male runners ( average age = 20.0 ± 1.1 years ) participated . Each subject performed the FMS , which consisted of 7 movement tests ( each score range : 0–3 , total score range : 0–21 ) , during the preseason . The incidence of running injuries ( time lost because of injury ⩽ 4 weeks ) was investigated through a follow-up survey during the 6-month season . Mann-Whitney U-tests  were used to investigate which movement tests were significantly associated with running injuries . The receiver-operator characteristic ( ROC ) analysis was used to determine the cutoff . The mean FMS composite score was 14.1 ± 2.3 . The ROC analysis determined the cutoff at 14/15 ( sensitivity = 0.73 , specificity = 0.54 ) , suggesting that the composite score had a low predictability for running injuries . However , the total scores ( 0–6 ) from the deep squat ( DS ) and active straight leg raise ( ASLR ) tests ( DS and ASLR ) , which were significant with the U-test , had relatively high predictability at the cutoff of 3/4 ( sensitivity = 0.73 , specificity = 0.74 ) . Furthermore , the multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the DS and ASLR scores of ⩽3 significantly influenced the incidence of running injuries after adjusting for subjects ' characteristics ( odds ratio = 9.7 , 95 % confidence interval = 2.1–44.4 ) . Thus , the current study identified the DS and ASLR score as a more effective method than the composite score to screen the risk of running injuries in competitive male runners BACKGROUND Knee valgus load during sports movement is viewed as an important predictor of non-contact anterior cruciate ligament injury risk , particularly in females . Formulating movement strategies that can reduce valgus loading during these movements therefore appears pertinent to reducing anterior cruciate ligament injury rates . With this in mind , the current study examined the relationship between peak valgus moment and lower extremity postures at impact during a sidestep cutting task . METHODS Ten male and ten female NCAA athletes had initial contact three-dimensional hip , knee and ankle angles and subsequent knee valgus moment quantified  during the execution of ( n=10 trials ) sidesteps .  Peak valgus data were normalized to mass and height and tested for the main effect of gender ( ANOVA , P<0.05 ) . Intra-subject correlations between the eight initial joint angles and the normalized valgus moment were then conducted across the ten sidestepping trials . The ensuing slopes of regression were su bmi tted to a two- sample t-test to determine whether mean slope values were significantly different from zero and for the main effect of gender ( P<0.05 ) . FINDINGS Females had significantly larger normalized knee valgus moments than males . A greater peak valgus moment was associated with larger initial hip flexion and internal rotation , and with larger initial knee valgus angle . Peak knee valgus moment was more sensitive to initial hip internal rotation and knee valgus position in females . INTERPRETATION Training of neuromuscular control at the hip joint may reduce the likelihood of anterior cruciate ligament injury via a valgus loading mechanism during sidestepping , especially in females STUDY DESIGN Nonexperimental method ological study . OBJECTIVES To determine the interrater and intrarater reliability and validity of using observational risk-screening guidelines to evaluate dynamic knee valgus . BACKGROUND A deficiency in the neuromuscular control of the hip has been identified as a key risk factor for noncontact anterior cruciate ligament ( ACL ) injury in postpubescent females . This deficiency can manifest itself as a valgus knee alignment during tasks involving hip and knee flexion . There are currently no scientifically tested methods to screen for dynamic knee valgus in the clinic or on the field . METHODS Three physiotherapists used  observational risk-screening guidelines  to rate 40 adolescent female soccer players according to their risk of ACL injury . The rating was based on the amount of dynamic knee valgus observed on a drop-jump l and ing . Ratings were evaluated for intrarater and interrater agreement using kappa coefficients . Sensitivity and specificity of ratings were evaluated by comparing observational ratings , with measurements obtained using 3-dimensional ( 3-D ) motion analysis . RESULTS Kappa coefficients for intrarater and interrater agreement ranged from 0.75 to 0.85 , indicating that ratings were reasonably consistent over time and between physiotherapists . Sensitivity values were inadequate , ranging from 67 % to 87 % . This indicated that raters failed to detect up to a third of " truly high-risk " individuals . Specificity values ranged from 60 % to 72 % , which was considered adequate for the purpose s of the screening . CONCLUSION Observational risk screening is a practical and cost-effective method of screening for ACL injury risk . Rater agreement and specificity were acceptable for this method , but sensitivity was not . To detect a greater proportion of individuals at risk of ACL injury , coaches and clinicians should ensure that they include additional tests for other high-risk characteristics in their screening protocol Abstract Gaudion , SL , Doma , K , Sinclair , W , Banyard , HG , and Woods , CT . Identifying the physical fitness , anthropometric and athletic movement qualities discriminant of developmental level in elite junior Australian football : implication s for the development of talent . J Strength Cond Res 31(7 ) : 1830–1839 , 2017—This study aim ed to identify the physical fitness , anthropometric and athletic movement qualities discriminant of developmental level in elite junior Australian football ( AF ) . From a total of 77 players , 2 groups were defined according to their developmental level ; under 16 ( U16 ) ( n = 40 , 15.6 to 15.9 years ) , and U18 ( n = 37 , 17.1 to 17.9 years ) . Players performed a test battery consisting of 7 physical fitness assessment s , 2 anthropometric measurements , and a fundamental athletic movement assessment . A multivariate analysis of variance tested the main effect of developmental level ( 2 levels : U16 and U18 ) on the assessment criterions , whilst binary logistic regression models and receiver operating characteristic ( ROC ) curves were built to identify the qualities most discriminant of developmental level . A significant effect of developmental level was evident on 9 of the assessment s ( d = 0.27–0.88 ; p ⩽ 0.05 ) . However , it was a combination of body mass , dynamic vertical jump height ( nondominant leg ) , repeat sprint time , and the score on the 20-m multistage fitness test that provided the greatest association with developmental level ( Akaike 's information criterion = 80.84 ) . The ROC curve was maximized with a combined score of 180.7 , successfully discriminating 89 and 60 % of the U18 and U16 players , respectively ( area under the curve = 79.3 % ) . These results indicate that there are distinctive physical fitness and anthropometric qualities discriminant of developmental level within the junior AF talent pathway . Coaches should consider these differences when design ing training interventions at the U16 level to assist with the development of prospect i ve U18 AF players Background Detailed injury epidemiology is an invaluable tool for reducing risks associated with sporting injuries . Very little accurate injury surveillance data exist regarding knee injuries in professional rugby . Hypotheses ( 1 ) Knee injuries have a greater impact on the game than injuries to other body locations . ( 2 ) Anterior cruciate ligament and medial collateral ligament injuries cause the greatest days absent from training and match play . Study Design Descriptive epidemiology study . Methods Medical personnel prospect ively reported time-loss injuries sustained by 546 professional rugby union players from 12 clubs in Engl and over 2 seasons , and the knee injuries were evaluated . Results Injuries to the knee accounted for the highest number of days absent due to injury ( 7776 days , 21 % ) and were characteristically severe , with a disproportionately high number of days missed per injury ( 37 days ) . Anterior cruciate ligament injuries accounted for the greatest proportion of days missed of all knee injuries ( 29 % ) , followed by medial collateral ligament injuries ( 25 % ) . Most severe injuries occurred during contact , mostly during a tackle , and most commonly in the final 20 minutes of a match . Injuries tended to be more common in backs . Injuries sustained during training accounted for 16 % of all knee injuries . Each club studied had a mean of 10 knee injuries per season result ing in a total of 353 days absent . Conclusions The incidence of knee injuries sustained during matches was higher than that reported in all other football codes , surpassed only by rugby union at the international level . Knee injuries accounted for the highest player absence due to injury ; 5 % of an average playing squad were absent at any one time due to knee injuries Background Serratus anterior strengthening is used in prevention and treatment programs for poor scapular control . In certain clinical cases , exercises substantially activating the serratus with minimal upper trapezius activation are preferred . Hypothesis The st and ard push-up plus would show both the highest serratus anterior activation and lowest upper trapezius/ serratus ratios for both groups and all phases . Study Design Controlled laboratory study . Methods Thirty subjects , grouped as healthy or with mild shoulder dysfunction , were evaluated performing st and ard push-up plus exercises and modifications on elbows , knees , and against a wall .  Surface electromyography of the serratus anterior and upper trapezius was compared between exercises . Results Both groups responded similarly across exercises . The st and ard push-up plus demonstrated the highest activation of the serratus ( to 123 % ) and lowest trapezius/serratus ratios ( < 0.2 ) during plus phases . The wall push-up plus and phases of other exercises demonstrated higher upper trapezius/serratus ratios ( to 2.0 ) . Conclusions In clinical cases where excess upper trapezius activation or imbalance of serratus and trapezius activation occurs , the push-up plus is an optimal exercise . Other cases may benefit from a progression of modified push-up exercises . Clinical Relevance Clinical selection of exercises for improving scapular control should consider both maximum serratus activation and upper trapezius/serratus anterior ratios STUDY DESIGN Prospect i ve cohort . OBJECTIVE To determine if Star Excursion Balance Test ( SEBT ) reach distance was associated with risk of lower extremity injury among high school basketball players . BACKGROUND Although balance has been proposed as a risk factor for sports-related injury , few research ers have used a dynamic balance test to examine this relationship . METHODS AND MEASURES Prior to the 2004 basketball season , the anterior , posteromedial , and posterolateral SEBT reach distances and  limb lengths  of 235 high school basketball players were measured bilaterally . The Athletic Health Care System Daily Injury Report was used to document time loss injuries . After normalizing for lower limb length , each reach distance , right/left reach distance difference , and composite reach distance were examined using odds ratio and logistic regression analyses . RESULTS The reliability of the SEBT components ranged from 0.82 to 0.87 ( ICC3,1 ) and was 0.99 for the measurement of limb length . Logistic regression models indicated that players with an anterior right/left reach distance difference greater than 4 cm were 2.5 times more likely to sustain a lower extremity injury ( P<.05 ) . Girls with a composite reach distance less than 94.0 % of their limb length were 6.5 times more likely to have a lower extremity injury ( P<.05 ) . CONCLUSIONS We found components of the SEBT to be reliable and predictive measures of lower extremity injury in high school basketball players . Our results suggest that the SEBT can be incorporated into preparticipation physical examinations to identify basketball players who are at increased risk for injury BACKGROUND Limited information exists regarding injury risk factors for high school athletes . The Functional Movement Screen ( FMS ™ ) has been used to identify functional movement impairments and asymmetries , making it a potential predictor of injury . HYPOTHESIS/ PURPOSE To determine if the FMS ™ is a valid predictor of injury in high school athletes and to identify a potential new FMS ™ cutoff score for this population . STUDY DESIGN Prospect i ve Cohort . METHODS 167 high school athletes among several sports were scored using the FMS ™ and were monitored for injury during a single season . Likelihood ratios were calculated to determine how much a subject 's total FMS ™ score influenced the post-test probability of becoming injured . RESULTS Of the 167 participants , 39 sustained a musculoskeletal injury . Of all component scores , the in-line lunge scores were significantly higher for injured players . For shoulder mobility , scores were significantly lower for injured players . No statistically significant associations were found between total FMS ™ scores and injury status . CONCLUSION The FMS ™ may be useful for recognizing deficiency in certain movements , however this data suggests that the FMS ™ should not be used for overall prediction of injury in high school athletes throughout the course of a season . Normative data from a large sample size is now available in the high school athlete demographic . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3 Background : Anterior cruciate ligament ( ACL ) injuries are immediately disabling , costly , take a significant amount of time to rehabilitate , and are associated with an increased risk of developing posttraumatic osteoarthritis of the knee . Specific multiplanar movement patterns of the lower extremity , such as those associated with the drop vertical jump ( DVJ ) test , have been shown to be associated with an increased risk of suffering noncontact ACL injuries . The  L and ing Error Scoring System ( LESS )  has been developed as a tool that can be applied to identify individuals who display at-risk movement patterns during the DVJ . Hypothesis : An increase in LESS score  is associated with an increased risk of noncontact ACL injury . Study Design : Case-control study ; Level of evidence , 3 . Methods : Over a 3-year interval , 5047 high school and college participants performed preseason DVJ tests that were recorded using commercial video cameras .  All participants were followed for ACL injury during their sports season , and video data from injured participants and matched controls were then assessed with the LESS . Conditional logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between  LESS score and ACL injury risk in all participants as well as subgroups of female , male , high school , and college participants . Results : There was no relationship between the risk of suffering ACL injury and LESS score  whether measured as a continuous or a categorical variable . This was the case for all participants combined ( odds ratio , 1.04 per unit increase in LESS score ; 95 % confidence interval , 0.80 - 1.35 ) as well as within each subgroup ( odds ratio range , 0.99 - 1.14 ) . Conclusion : The LESS did not predict ACL injury in our cohort of high school and college athletes CONTEXT The Functional Movement Screen ( FMS ) evaluates performance in 7 fundamental movement patterns using a 4-point scale . Previous studies have reported increased injury risk with a composite score ( CS ) of 14/21 or less ; these studies were limited to specific sports and injury definition . OBJECTIVE To examine the association between  FMS CS and movement pattern scores and acute noncontact and overuse musculoskeletal injuries in division I college athletes . An exploratory objective was to assess the association between injury and FMS movement pattern asymmetry . DESIGN Prospect i ve cohort . SETTING College athletic facilities . PARTICIPANTS 167 injury-free , college basketball , football , volleyball , cross country , track and field , swimming/ diving , soccer , golf , and tennis athletes ( males = 89 ) . INTERVENTION The FMS was administered during pre-participation examination . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Noncontact or overuse injuries that required intervention from the athletic trainer during the sport season . RESULTS FMS CS was not different between those injured ( n = 74 ; 14.3 ± 2.5 ) and those not ( 14.1 ± 2.4 ; P = .57 ) . No point on the ROC curve maximized sensitivity and specificity ; therefore previously published cut-point was used for analysis with injury ( ≤ 14 [ n = 92 ] ) . After adjustment , no statistically significant association between FMS CS and injury ( odds ratio [ OR ] = 1.01 , 95 % CI 0.53 - 1.91 ) existed . Lunge was the only movement pattern that was associated with injury ; those scoring 2 were less likely to have an injury vs those who scored 3 ( OR = 0.21 , 95 % CI 0.08 - 0.59 ) . There was also no association between FMS movement pattern asymmetry and injury .  CONCLUSION FMS CS , movement patterns , and asymmetry were poor predictors of noncontact and overuse injury in this cohort of division I athletes PURPOSE / BACKGROUND Functional tests have been used primarily to assess an athlete 's fitness or readiness to return to sport . The purpose of this prospect i ve cohort study was to determine the ability of the st and ing long jump ( SLJ ) test , the single-leg hop ( SLH ) for distance test , and the lower extremity functional test ( LEFT ) as preseason screening tools to identify collegiate athletes who may be at increased risk for a time-loss sports-related low back or lower extremity injury . METHODS A total of 193 Division III athletes from 15 university teams ( 110 females , age 19.1 ± 1.1 y ; 83 males , age 19.5 ± 1.3 y ) were tested prior to their sports seasons . Athletes performed the functional tests in the following sequence : SLJ , SLH , LEFT . The athletes were then prospect ively followed during their sports season for occurrence of low back or LE injury . RESULTS Female athletes who completed the LEFT in $ 118 s were 6 times more likely ( OR=6.4 , 95 % CI : 1.3 , 31.7 ) to sustain a thigh or knee injury .  Male athletes who completed the LEFT in # 100 s were more likely to experience a time-loss injury to the low back or LE ( OR=3.2 , 95 % CI : 1.1 , 9.5 ) or a foot or ankle injury ( OR=6.7 , 95 % CI : 1.5 , 29.7 ) than male athletes who completed the LEFT in 101 s or more . Female athletes with a greater than 10 % side-to-side asymmetry between SLH distances had a 4-fold increase in foot or ankle injury ( cut point : > 10 % ; OR=4.4 , 95 % CI : 1.2 , 15.4 ) . Male athletes with SLH distances ( either leg ) at least 75 % of their height had at least a 3-fold increase ( OR=3.6 , 95 % CI : 1.2 , 11.2 for the right LE ; OR=3.6 , 95 % CI : 1.2 , 11.2 for left LE ) in low back or LE injury . CONCLUSIONS The LEFT and the SLH tests appear useful in identifying Division III athletes at risk for a low back or lower extremity sports injury . Thus , these tests warrant further consideration as preparticipatory screening examination tools for sport injury in this population . CLINICAL RELEVANCE The single-leg hop for distance and the lower extremity functional test , when administered to Division III athletes during the preseason , may help identify those at risk for a time-loss low back or lower extremity injury . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2 Nesser , TW , Huxel , KC , Tincher , JL , and Okado , T. The relationship between core stability and performance in Division I football players . J Strength Cond Res 22(6):1750 - 1754 , 2008-The purpose of this study was to identify relationships between core stability and various strength and power variables in strength and power athletes . National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I football players ( height 184.0 ± 7.1 cm , weight 100.5 ± 22.4 kg ) completed strength and performance testing before off-season conditioning .  Subjects were tested on  three strength variables ( one-repetition maximum [ 1RM ] bench press , 1RM squat , and 1RM power clean ) , four performance variables ( countermovement vertical jump [ CMJ ] , 20- and 40-yd sprints , and a 10-yd shuttle run ) , and core stability ( back extension , trunk flexion , and left and right bridge  ) . Significant correlations were identified between total core strength and 20-yd sprint ( r = −0.594 ) , 40-yd sprint ( r = −0.604 ) , shuttle run ( r = −0.551 ) , CMJ ( r = 0.591 ) , power clean/body weight ( BW ) ( r = 0.622 ) , 1RM squat ( r = −0.470 ) , bench press/BW ( r = 0.369 ) , and combined 1RM/BW ( r = 0.447 ) ; trunk flexion and 20-yd sprint ( r = −0.485 ) , 40-yd sprint ( r = −0.479 ) , shuttle run ( r = −0.443 ) , CMJ ( r = 0.436 ) , power clean/BW ( r = 0.396 ) , and 1RM squat ( r = −0.416 ) ; back extension and CMJ ( r = 0.536 ) , and power clean/BW ( r = 0.449 ) ; right bridge and 20-yd sprint r = −0.410 ) and 40-yd sprint ( r = −0.435 ) , CMJ ( r = 0.403 ) , power clean/BW ( r = 0.519 ) and bench press/BW ( r = 0.372 ) and combined 1RM/BW ( r = 0.406 ) ; and left bridge and 20-yd sprint ( r = −0.376 ) and 40-yd sprint ( r = −0.397 ) , shuttle run ( r = −0.374 ) , and power clean/BW ( r = 0.460 ) . The results of this study suggest that core stability is moderately related to strength and performance . Thus , increases in core strength are not going to contribute significantly to strength and power and should not be the focus of strength and conditioning ABSTRACT The Functional Movement Screen ™ ( FMS ™ ) is aim ed at assessing fundamental movements and is often used to identify players ’ injury risk . The purpose of this study was to determine whether the FMS ™ can be used to predict injuries in veteran footballers ( aged > 32 years ) . Eighteen veteran football teams ( n = 238 ) were recruited and prospect ively followed for 9 months . The players ( 44 ± 7 years ; 178 ± 7 cm , 84 ± 11 kg ) performed the FMS ™ at the start of the study period . Players ’ exposure hours and injuries were recorded . The difference of FMS ™ overall score between injured and uninjured players was not significant ( 11.7 ± 2.9 vs 12.2 ± 2.8 points ; Mann-Whitney U-test P = 0.17 ) . Players scoring < 10 ( score < 1 st and ard deviation [ SD ] ) below the mean ) had a significantly higher injury incidence ( z-statistics P < 0.05 ) compared to an intermediate reference group ( mean ± 1 SD ; scores of 10–14 ) . No lower injury incidence for players with scores of > 14 ( score > 1 SD above the mean ) was found . Further analyses of potential risk factors suggest higher age , lower body mass and a longer football career to be risk factors for injuries . The findings of this study suggest that the suitability of the FMS ™ for injury prediction in veteran footballers is limited Background Women who participate in high-risk sports suffer anterior cruciate ligament injury at a 4- to 6-fold greater rate than men . Purpose To prospect ively determine if female athletes with decreased passive knee joint restraint ( greater joint laxity ) and greater side-to-side differences in knee laxity would be at increased risk of anterior cruciate ligament injury . Study Design Case control study ; Level of evidence , 3 . Methods From 1558 female soccer and basketball players who were prospect ively screened , 19 went on to tear their anterior cruciate ligaments . Four height- and mass-matched control subjects were selected from the uninjured screened athletes for comparison with each of the 19 injured subjects , making a total of 95 subjects ( 19 injured ; 76 uninjured ) . Generalized joint-laxity tests and anterior-posterior tibiofemoral translation were quantified using the CompuKT knee arthrometer . A multivariable logistic regression model was constructed to determine predictors of anterior cruciate ligament injury status from recorded laxity measures . Results A multivariable logistic regression model ( chi-square = 18.6 ; P = .002 ) used the independent variables laxity measures of knee hyperextension ( P = .02 ) , wrist and thumb to forearm opposition ( P = .80 ) , fifth-finger hyperextension > 90 ° ( P = .71 ) , side-to-side differences in anterior-posterior tibiofemoral translation ( P = .002 ) , and prior knee injury ( P = .22 ) to predict anterior cruciate ligament-injury status . The vali date d C statistic , or vali date d area under the receiver operating characteristic curve , was 0.72 . For every 1.3-mm increase in side-to-side differences in anterior-posterior knee displacement , the odds of anterior cruciate ligament – injured status increased 4-fold ( 95 % confidence interval , 1.68–9.69 ) . A positive measure of knee hyperextension increased the odds of anterior cruciate ligament-injured status 5-fold ( 95 % confidence interval , 1.24–18.44 ) . Conclusion The current results indicate that increased knee-laxity measures may contribute to increased risk of anterior cruciate ligament injury . The methods to quantify knee joint laxity in this report may be used in conjunction with measures of neuromuscular control of the knee joint to identify high-risk female athletes with high accuracy . Once high-risk female athletes are identified , they may be targeted to the appropriate interventions to reduce injury risk
target: On appraisal , the MCS , M4-MS , and SIMS seem to provide the most practical value for assessing movement quality as they provide the strongest reports of developmental rigor and an identifiable evidence base .
  In addition , considering the evidence provided , these tools may have the strongest potential for identifying performance capabilities and guiding exercise prescription in athletic and sport-specific population
background: Abstract Bennett , H , Davison , K , Arnold , J , Slattery , F , Martin , M , and Norton , K. Multicomponent musculoskeletal movement assessment tools : a systematic review and critical appraisal of their development and applicability to professional practice .
  J Strength Cond Res 31(10 ) : 2903–2919 , 2017—Multicomponent movement assessment tools have become commonplace to measure movement quality , proposing to indicate injury risk and performance capabilities .
  Despite popular use , there has been no attempt to compare the components of each tool reported in the literature , the processes in which they were developed , or the underpinning rationale for their included content .
  As such , the objective of this systematic review was to provide a comprehensive summary of current movement assessment tools and appraise the evidence supporting their development .