title: Five-year clinical evaluation of two adhesive systems in non-carious cervical lesions. 3-year clinical evaluation of modified Gluma adhesive systems in cervical abrasion/erosion lesions. A three-year clinical evaluation of two dentin bonding agents. A clinical evaluation of a resin composite and a compomer in non-carious Class V lesions. A 3-year follow-up. Longevity of glass-ionomer restorative materials: results of a 10-year evaluation. Clinical evaluation of a resin-modified glass ionomer adhesive system: results at five years. Three-year clinical evaluation of a flowable and a hybrid resin composite in non-carious cervical lesions. Clinical evaluation of an all-in-one adhesive in non-carious cervical lesions with different degrees of dentin sclerosis. Eight-year clinical evaluation of a 2-step self-etch adhesive with and without selective enamel etching. Quality of reporting randomised clinical trials in dental and medical research Clinical evaluation of four Class 5 restorative materials: 3-year recall. Five-year clinical evaluation of One-Up Bond F in non-carious cervical lesions. A 13-year clinical evaluation of two three-step etch-and-rinse adhesives in non-carious class-V lesions 5-year clinical performance of resin composite versus resin modified glass ionomer restorative system in non-carious cervical lesions. Effect of resin viscosity and enamel beveling on the clinical performance of Class V composite restorations: three-year results. Clinical evaluation of three adhesive systems for the restoration of non-carious cervical lesions. Long-term dentin retention of etch-and-rinse and self-etch adhesives and a resin-modified glass ionomer cement in non-carious cervical lesions. Clinical performance of a resin-modified glass-ionomer and a compomer in restoring non-carious cervical lesions. 5-year results. Clinical Status of Ten Dentin Adhesive Systems Determination of changes on tooth-colored cervical restorations in vivo using a three-dimensional laser scanning device. Class V lesions restored with four different tooth-colored materials – 3-year results A calcium aluminate cement as restorative material in Class V cavities. Five-year double-blind randomized clinical evaluation of a resin-modified glass ionomer and a polyacid-modified resin in noncarious cervical lesions. A 36-month clinical evaluation of ethanol/water and acetone-based etch-and-rinse adhesives in non-carious cervical lesions. Evaluation of esthetic parameters of resin-modified glass-ionomer materials and a polyacid-modified resin composite in Class V cervical lesions. Direct tooth-colored materials for noncarious lesions: a 3-year clinical report. Clinical evaluation of five adhesive systems. A three-year clinical evaluation of two-bottle versus one-bottle dentin adhesives. Three-year clinical evaluation of One-Step in non-carious cervical lesions. Three-year clinical performance of a HEMA-free one-step self-etch adhesive in non-carious cervical lesions. The quality of reporting of randomised controlled trials in dental public health. Four-year evaluation of the effect of 10% polyacrylic acid or water rinsing pretreatment on retention of glass polyalkenoate cement. Recommendations for conducting controlled clinical studies of dental restorative materials Retention of a resin-modified glass ionomer adhesive in non-carious cervical lesions. A 6-year follow-up. Clinical evaluation of a dentinal adhesive system: three-year results. Three-year clinical evaluation of a polyacid-modified resin composite (Dyract).
abstract: OBJECTIVE This controlled clinical trial evaluated the 5-year clinical performance of a self-etching primer system including selective enamel-etching with phosphoric acid and a one-bottle adhesive system . METHODS Seventy-two non-carious cervical lesions in 8 patients ( 4 male and 4 female ) with a mean age of 61.3 years ( range 45 - 78 ) participated in the study . An enamel bevel was placed and dentin lightly ground , and cavities restored with clearfil liner bond II ( LB ) or single bond ( SB ) in conjunction with a hybrid resin composite ( Clearfil AP-X ) . In the case of 27 cavities for LB , the enamel was pretreated with 37 % phosphoric acid for 10 s. Each patient received both types of restoration , which were distributed on a r and om basis . All restorations ( 37 restorations for LB and 35 restorations for SB ) were placed by one dentist . The restorations were evaluated blind after 5 years using modified USPHS criteria . The data were statistically analyzed using the Fisher 's exact test . RESULTS All but one restoration ( which was replaced by a crown after the 2-year recall ) were evaluated after 5 years . 100 % retention rates were recorded for both restorative groups . No caries was detected in association with any restorations . The only minor problem was marginal discoloration ; superficial and localized marginal discoloration occurred around 18 % of the restorations , and mainly at the dentin margin . There were no significant differences in the marginal integrity between the LB and SB groups . CONCLUSIONS Restorative material s used in this study demonstrated a good clinical effectiveness in the restoration of non-carious cervical lesions for 5 years PURPOSE To study the clinical performance of two c and i date s for improvement of the original Gluma bonding system . MATERIAL S AND METHODS Eight teeth with cervical buccal abrasion/erosion lesions were identified in 40 patients . The lesions were conditioned with an oxalic acid solution followed by either a HEMA-glutaraldehyde bonding agent or a formamide-containing bonding agent . The lesions were restored with a hybrid composite . Each patient received the same number of restorations with the two different bonding formulations . All restorations were made by the same operator ( JK ) . Evaluations were based on the USPHS system . RESULTS No difference between the two groups as to retention , marginal adaptation and discoloration was observed after 3 years . Eight restorations were lost and a slight increase in marginal discoloration was seen during the observation period BACKGROUND A new restorative called a " giomer composite " has been introduced . The authors conducted a study to determine retention , anatomical form , caries , staining , marginal discoloration , marginal adaptation , surface roughness and sensitivity of giomer  compared with those of a microfilled composite . METHODS The authors placed 40 sets of restorations r and omly in canines and premolars in vivo . They used a giomer composite and a microfilled composite in erosion/abrasion/abfraction Class V lesions that were not altered with rotary instruments . They placed the restorations according to manufacturer 's recommendations , and two calibrated examiners evaluated the restorations independently using modified U.S. Public Health Service criteria at baseline and at six , 18 and 36 months . The lesions receiving the restorations did not differ from each other in the amount of circumferential enamel present , the percentage of the surface area of dentin or lesion type . RESULTS There were no differences in the restorations at baseline , an evaluation made two weeks after placement . At 36 months , the giomer and microfilled composite restorations were not significantly different from one another in any of the eight criteria evaluated . The percentage agreement between examiners was at least 83 percent for each criterion in each evaluation period . CONCLUSIONS Both the giomer and the microfilled composite used in this study meet the clinical portion of the Acceptance Program Guidelines for Dentin and Enamel Adhesives Material s established by the American Dental Association . CLINICAL IMPLICATION S Both the giomer and the microfilled composite used in this study can be used with confidence in Class V lesions PURPOSE To compare the clinical performance of a resin composite and a polyacid-modified resin composite ( compomer ) in non-carious cervical lesions using a one-step self-etch adhesive . METHODS Thirty patients , each with two non-carious cervical lesions ( 60 restorations ) , received one composite ( Pertac-II ) restoration and one compomer ( Hytac ) restoration , both used in conjunction with a self-etch adhesive ( Prompt L-Pop ) and placed following the manufacturer 's instructions . Evaluations were at baseline , 6 , 12 and 36 months after placement for retention , margin adaptation , marginal discoloration , anatomic form , secondary caries and postoperative sensitivity . Statistical analysis with the Pearson Chi-square test was undertaken . RESULTS Retention rates were 86.6 % for composite and 86.7 % for compomer at 36 months . 3.3 % of composite and 6.7 % of compomer restorations showed a deficiency in marginal adaptation . Both material s showed a slight marginal discoloration of 7.7 % . More deterioration in anatomic form occurred with the compomer ( 11.5 % ) than the composite ( 3.8 % ) . None of the restorations exhibited secondary caries or postoperative sensitivity problems . There was no significant difference in performance between the material s in any of the categories evaluated Three restorative material s used for cervical erosion /abrasion lesions were evaluated clinical ly after 10 years . Thirty adult patients with at least four cervical lesions received one restoration of each of Ketac-Fil , finished immediately , Ketac-Fil , finished after a delay , Chelon-FIl ( all glass-ionomer cements ) , and Cervident ( a resin composite ) . Restorations were placed without any tooth preparations . Eighteen patients returned for their 10-year examinations . Two experienced examiners provided the periodic evaluations . Complete retention at 10 years was 83 % for Ketac-Fil , finished immediately ; 78 % for Ketac-Fil , finished after a delay ; 67 % for Chelon-Fil ; and 17 % for Cervident . All three glass-ionomer restorative material s exhibited statistically significantly greater retention that did Cervident . When a noninvasive procedure is desired , glass-ionomer material s are the restorative material of choice for abrasion/erosion lesions because of their long-term retention values One hundred non-carious , non-undercut cervical lesions were restored with Silux Plus or Estio LC and bonded with Fuji Bond LC . The restorations were evaluated yearly for retention and marginal discoloration . After five years , the overall retention rate was 96 % . Of the 41 restorations examined at five years , five had clinical ly evident marginal discoloration OBJECTIVES This r and omized controlled clinical trial evaluated the 3-year clinical performance of a hybrid ( Clearfil AP-X ; AP ) and a flowable ( Clearfil Flow FX ; FX ) resin composite in 98 non-carious cervical lesions . METHODS Twenty-two patients , 11 males and 11 females ( mean age : 61.9 years , range : 29 - 78 years ) regularly visiting the Nagasaki University Hospital , participated in the study . Each patient received both material s r and omly . All restorations ( 48 restorations for AP and 50 restorations for FX ) were placed in conjunction with an all-in-one system ( Clearfil S(3 ) Bond ) by one dentist . The restorations were blindly evaluated by two examiners at baseline , 6 months , 1 , 2 and 3 years using modified USPHS criteria . The data were statistically analyzed using the Cochran 's Q-test and Fisher 's exact test . RESULTS All the patients were examined at each recall . However , five restorations could not be evaluated at 3-year recall as two teeth had been extracted and three restorations had been lost . The only minor problem was the integrity of the enamel margin . The incidence and extent of marginal staining increased with time , but it was still superficial . Marginal staining occurred adjacent to 11 restorations for AP and 12 restorations for FX after 3 years . Neither lesion size nor depth had influence on marginal staining adjacent to each type of resin composite . There were no significant differences in the clinical performances between AP and FX for each variable . CONCLUSIONS Under the protocol used in this study , both types of resin composite in conjunction with S(3 ) Bond demonstrated an acceptable clinical performance up to 3 years This r and omized clinical trial compared the performance of an all-in-one adhesive ( iBond ) applied in sclerotic and non-sclerotic non-carious cervical lesions with that of a three-step etch-prime-bond adhesive ( Gluma Solid Bond , SB ) .  One-hundred and five lesions were r and omly assigned to four groups according to adhesive , sclerosis scale and technique : 1 ) SB applied to lesions with sclerosis scale 1 and 2 ( n=26 ) ; 2 ) iBond applied to lesions with sclerosis scale 1 and 2 ( n=28 ) ; 3 ) iBond applied to lesions with sclerosis scale 3 and 4 ( n=25 ) and 4 ) iBond applied with prior acid-etching to lesions with sclerosis scale 3 and 4 ( n=26 ) . A microfilled composite ( Durafill VS ) was used as the restorative material . The restorations were evaluated for retention , color match , marginal adaptation , anatomic form , cavosurface margin discoloration , secondary caries , pre- and post-operative sensitivity , surface texture and fracture at insertion ( baseline ) , 6 , 18 months and at 3 years using modified USPHS evaluation criteria ( Alfa = excellent ; Bravo= clinical ly acceptable ; Charlie= clinical ly unacceptable ) . There was a high percentage of Bravo scores for marginal adaptation ( 4%-32 % ) and marginal discoloration ( 18%-60 % ) in Groups 2 , 3 and 4 , but all groups had < 5 % Charlie scores at 6 months and < 10 % Charlie scores at 18 months for retention and marginal discoloration , respectively . However , it should be noted that 13 % of the restorations in Group 4 were not retained at three years OBJECTIVES The objective of this r and omized controlled clinical trial was to evaluate the 8-year clinical performance of a mild 2-step self-etch adhesive in non-carious Class-V lesions with and without prior selective phosphoric acid-etching of the enamel cavity margins . METHODS A total of 100 non-carious Class-V lesions in 29 patients were restored with Clearfil AP-X ( Kuraray ) .  The composite restorations were bonded following two different approaches : ( 1 ) application of Clearfil SE ( Kuraray ) following a self-etch approach ( control group ; C-SE non-etch ) , ( 2 ) selective phosphoric acid-etching of the enamel cavity margins before application of Clearfil SE ( experimental group ; C-SE etch ) . The restorations were evaluated after 6 months , 1 , 2 , 3 , 5 and 8 years of clinical service regarding their retention , marginal integrity and discoloration , caries occurrence , preservation of tooth vitality and post-operative sensitivity . RESULTS The recall rate at 8 years was 76 % . Only two restorations , one of the C-SE non-etch group and one of the C-SE etch group , were clinical ly unacceptable due to loss of retention leading to a retention rate and a clinical success rate of 97 % in both groups . Aging of the restorations was characterized by an increase in the percentage of restorations with a small but clinical ly acceptable marginal defect ( C-SE non-etch : 92 % ; C-SE etch : 84 % ) and /or a superficial marginal discoloration ( C-SE non-etch : 44 % ; C-SE etch : 28 % ) . At the enamel side , the presence of small marginal defects ( C-SE non-etch : 86 % ; C-SE etch : 65 % ) and superficial marginal discoloration ( C-SE non-etch : 11 % ; C-SE etch% ) was more frequently noticed in the control group than in the experimental group . The difference , however , was only statistically significant for the presence of superficial marginal discoloration ( McNemar , p=0.01 ) . SIGNIFICANCE After 8 years of clinical functioning , the clinical effectiveness of Clearfil SE remained excellent , with selective acid-etching of the enamel cavity margins only having some minor positive effect on marginal integrity and absence of marginal discoloration at enamel Objective To assess 1 ) the quality of reporting r and omised clinical trials in dental ( RCT -Ds ) and medical research ( RCT -Ms ) , 2 ) the quality of RCT reports in relation to the journal impact factor , 3 ) the source of funding , and 4 ) the quality of RCT -Ds in different areas of dental research . Design R and om sample s of 100 RCT -Ds and 100 RCT -Ms published in 1999 were evaluated for quality of reporting under blinded conditions with the Jadad quality assessment scale . In addition , correlation between the quality scores and journal impact factor or source of funding , as well as area of dental research were analysed . Results The quality of RCT -Ds and RCT -Ms published in 1999 was generally inadequate . The quality was largely equivalent in RCT -Ds and RCT -Ms . There was no correlation between the quality scores and the journal impact factor or the source of funding . Some differences were found in the quality scores between different areas of dental research . Conclusions The results from these RCT -Ds and RCT -Ms show that most of them were imperfect in the reporting of methodology and trial conduct . There is a clear need to improve the quality of trial reporting in dental and medical research PURPOSE To place four restorative material s , including two resin-based composites ( Pertac III and Synergy ) , an improved resin-modified glass-ionomer ( Fuji II LC Improved ) , and a compomer ( Dyract AP ) , in Class 5 non-carious cervical lesions and to evaluate and compare those restorations for marginal discoloration , anatomic form , surface texture , secondary caries , retention , and marginal adaptation at baseline and annually for 3 years . METHODS The tested material s were used to restore moderate-size Class 5 non-carious cervical lesions . All material s were used following the manufacturers ' directions for etching , bonding , curing , and finishing . Thirty restorations of each material were placed . After rubber-dam isolation , a bevel was placed on the occlusal margin of all preparations except the Fuji II LC Improved , and all preparations were cleaned with pumice . Each restorative material was placed and cured in increments except Fuji II LC Improved . All restorations were evaluated at baseline , 6 months , 1 , 2 , and 3-year recalls using a modified USPHS scale . RESULTS Analysis with Chi Square and Logit Analysis revealed that , at 3 years , Pertac III and Fuji II LC Improved were significantly rougher than all other material s. Pertac III had significantly poorer marginal adaptation than all other material s. All other comparisons were not significant . At 3-year recall , most restorations were satisfactory PURPOSE To evaluate the retention and marginal staining of restorations placed in non-carious cervical lesions using the all-in-one self-etching system , One-Up Bond F and Palfique Estelite resin composite . METHODS Fifty-one non-undercut non-carious cervical lesions received restorations with One-Up Bond F and Palfique Estelite in 15 subjects ( mean age 57.7 years ) by one operator . Teeth were cleaned with pumice and water , restored following the manufacturer 's instructions and evaluated at 6 months , 1 , 2 , 4 and 5 years for retention and presence of marginal staining . RESULTS At 1 year , 42 restorations were evaluated , and all were intact with three restorations showing slight marginal staining . At 2 years , 37 restorations were evaluated from 11 subjects , and all were intact . Marginal staining was observed around nine restorations . At 4 years , 27 restorations and at 5 years , 24 restorations could be evaluated . Marginal staining showed a significant increase at the enamel and cervical margins over the 5 years of the study , with two restorations showing severe , nine mild and 13 no staining . Although a number of restorations could not be evaluated , the retention rate of 92 % at 5 years showed One-Up Bond F/Palfique Estelite resin composite for the restoration of non-carious cervical lesions produced an excellent outcome . Marginal staining was limited to a small number of subjects and is unlikely to be a problem if margins are refurbished at recall visits This 13-year r and omized clinical trial compared the clinical effectiveness of two three-step etch- and -rinse adhesives in combination with a hybrid , stiffer composite versus a micro-filled , more flexible composite . The influence of composite stiffness on the clinical performance of one of the adhesives was assessed as well . One hundred and forty-two non-carious cervical lesions were restored with composites with contrasting stiffness . Seventy-one patients r and omly received two cervical restorations placed following two out of three adhesive procedures : ( 1 ) the three-step etch- and -rinse adhesive Permaquick applied with the stiff micro-hybrid composite Amelogen Hybrid ( PMQ-H , Ultradent ) , ( 2 ) Permaquick applied with the more flexible micro-filled Amelogen Microfill ( PMQ-M , Ultradent ) , or ( 3 ) the “ gold-st and ard ” three-step etch- and -rinse adhesive Optibond FL applied with the micro-hybrid composite Prodigy ( OFL-P , Kerr ) . The restorations were evaluated after 6 months , 1 , 2 , 3 , 5 , 7 , and 13 years of clinical service regarding their retention , marginal integrity and discoloration , caries occurrence , preservation of tooth vitality , and post-operative sensitivity . Retention loss , severe marginal defects , and /or discoloration that needed intervention ( repair or replacement ) and the occurrence of caries were considered as clinical failures . The recall rate at 13 years was 77 % . Bond degradation after 13 years was mainly characterized by a further increase in the presence of small but clinical ly acceptable marginal defects and superficial marginal discoloration . Twelve percent of the OFL-P restorations were clinical ly unacceptable . In the PMQ group , 22 % of the PMQ-M restorations and 26 % of the PMQ-H restorations needed repair or replacement . Regarding the clinical failure rate , Optibond FL scored significantly better than Permaquick ( McNemar ; p = 0.015 ) . No statistically significant differences were found between the micro-filled and the hybrid composite for each of the parameters evaluated ( McNemar , p > 0.05 ) . After 13 years of clinical functioning , the clinical effectiveness of the three adhesive/composite combinations remained highly acceptable AIM To comparatively assess the 5-year clinical performance of a 1-bottle adhesive and resin composite system with a resin-modified glass ionomer restorative in non-carious cervical lesions . METHOD AND MATERIAL S One operator placed 70 restorations ( 35 resin modified glass ionomer restorations and 35 resin composite restorations ) in 30 patients under rubber dam isolation without mechanical preparation .  The restorations were directly assessed by 2 independent examiners , using modified USPHS criteria at baseline and 6 , 12 , 24 and 60 months . RESULTS Twenty-two patients were available for recall after 5 years ( 73.3 % recall rate ) and 55 out of 70 restorations were evaluated . Excellent agreement was registered for all criteria between examiners ( kappa > or = 0.85 ) . Sixteen composite restorations were dislodged ( 51.5 % retention ) and 1 ionomer restoration was lost ( 96.4 % retention ) . The McNemar test detected significant differences in resin composite restorations between baseline and 5-year recall for marginal integrity ( p<0.001 ) and retention ( p=0.004 ) . For resin modified glass ionomer restorations , no significant differences were identified for all criteria ( p>0.05 ) . When comparing both material s , the Fisher exact test pointed out significant differences in retention ( p=0.002 ) after 5 years of clinical service . CONCLUSIONS After 5 years of evaluation , the clinical performance of resin modified glass ionomer restorations was superior to resin composite restorations This study evaluated the effect of the elastic modulus and margin configuration on the clinical performance of  resin-based composite restorations in Class V non-carious defects . One hundred and five cervical non-carious defects on buccal surfaces of canines and premolars were included in this study . Defects were r and omly divided into three Groups and restored according to the following techniques : Group 1 - -no enamel bevel was placed and the defect was restored with a microfilled resin-based composite ( Durafill VS ) ; Group 2 - -the enamel margin was beveled and the defect restored as in Group 1 ; Group 3-the enamel margin was beveled and the defect was restored with a flowable resin-based composite ( Natural Flow ) . Each group comprised 35 lesions . A total-etch , one-bottle adhesive ( One-Step ) was used in all groups . Retention rate , pre- and post-operative sensitivity , marginal discoloration and secondary caries were determined over a three-year period and the data were analyzed statistically . At six months post-insertion , the restorations placed with beveled enamel margins result ed in 100 % retention regardless of the composite used compared to a 66 % retention of the non-beveled margins . At two and three years , no significant difference in retention rate was found among the three groups . Post-operative sensitivity , marginal discoloration and secondary caries were not affected by enamel beveling and restorative material . Beveled enamel margins result ed in significantly better clinical retention in the first six months only . Enamel beveling and composite viscosity appeared to not significantly affect the clinical performance of Class V non-retentive composite restorations after three years The use of adhesive material s to restore non-carious cervical lesions ( NCCL ) has become the st and ard practice . Until recently , the most reliable material for restoring NCCL is glass ionomer cement , but the esthetics can be problematic . This study compared the retention of a self-etching adhesive , Clearfil SE Bond , with Clearfil ST resin composite ( SE ) , with the phosphoric acid-etch single bottle adhesive Single Bond with A110 resin composite ( SB ) and a resin-modified glass ionomer cement , Fuji II LC , ( FJ ) .  Ninety-two restorations in 20 patients ( mean age 61 years ) were placed . The teeth were restored r and omly and manufacturers ' instructions were followed . Patients were recalled at 6 months , 1 , 2 and 3 years and the restorations were evaluated for marginal staining . The restorations were photographed at baseline and at recall periods . At one year , 80 restorations were available for evaluation ; at 2 years , 65 restorations were evaluated and at 3 years , 55 restorations were evaluated . The cumulative retention rates at 1 year , 2 years and 3 years , respectively , were SE : 97 % , 93 % , 90 % ; SB : 86 % , 77 % , 77 % ; FJ : 100 % , 100 % , 97 % . At 3 years , RM-GIC performed the best , followed by Clearfil SE Bond/Clearfil ST . Single Bond/A110 's performance was significantly less than the other 2 material s ( p = 0.012 ) OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical long-term retention to dentin of seven adhesive systems . METHODS A total of 270 Class V restorations of four etch- and -rinse , one self-etch adhesive system and a resin-modified glass ionomer cement were placed in non-carious cervical lesions without intentional enamel involvement . The restorations were evaluated at baseline , 6 , 12 , 18 , and 24 months and then every year during a 13-year follow-up . Dentin bonding efficiency was determined by the percentage of lost restorations . RESULTS During the 13 years , 215 restorations could be evaluated . The cumulative loss rate at 13 years was 53.0 % , with significant different failures rates for the different systems varying between 35.6 and 86.8 % . Four systems fulfilled the ADA 18-month full acceptance retention criteria . Two systems showed at 18 months and earlier high debonding rates . The annual failure rates for the etch- and -rinse systems were Optibond 3.1 % , Permagen 13.0 % , Scotchbond MP 4.8 % , Syntac classic 2.8 % ; for the self-etch system P&S 4.4 % ; and the resin-modified glass ionomer cement Vitremer 2.7 % . CONCLUSION It can be concluded that all systems showed a continuous degradation of the bond with a wide variation , which was independent of the adhesion strategy . Three bonding systems showed a cumulative failure rate after 13 years between 36 and 41 % with the best retention for the resin-modified glass ionomer cement and a four-step etch- and -rinse system PURPOSE To evaluate the 5-yr clinical performance of a resin-modified glass-ionomer cement and a polyacid-modified resin composite in restoring non-carious cervical lesions . MATERIAL S AND METHODS Non-carious cervical lesions in 46 incisors , canines , and premolars were restored either with Fuji II LC  ( n=18 ) or with  Dyract ( n=28 ) in 16 healthy patients . The lesions were restored without cavity preparation strictly according to the manufacturer 's instructions . The restorations were clinical ly evaluated single blind after 5 yrs using modified USPHS criteria . RESULTS The percentage of Alfa ratings were as follows ( Dyract/Fuji II LC ) : color match 81.3%/28.6 % , surface texture 93.8%/21.4 % , anatomic form 75.0%/28.6 % , marginal integrity ( enamel ) 62.5%/42.9 % , marginal integrity ( dentin ) 68.8%/28.6 % , marginal discoloration ( enamel ) 56.3%/42.9 % , marginal discoloration ( dentin ) 68.8%/21.5 % . Five-yr data revealed a significant difference between the clinical ratings of Dyract and Fuji II LC for all criteria except marginal integrity and marginal discoloration in enamel . A total of five Dyract restorations and four Fuji II LC restorations failed within the study period . CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE A considerably high and almost similar overall failure rate was found for both restorative material s in restoring non-carious cervical lesions . However , retained Dyract restorations presented superior clinical performance compared to Fuji II LC restorations Laboratory testing of dentin adhesive systems still requires corroboration by long-term clinical trials for their ultimate clinical effectiveness to be vali date d. The objective of this clinical investigation was to evaluate , retrospectively , the clinical effectiveness of earlier-investigated dentin adhesive systems ( Scotchbond , Gluma , Clearf il New Bond , Scotchbond 2 , Tenure , and Tripton ) , and to compare their clinical results with those obtained with four modern total-etch adhesive systems ( Bayer exp . 1 and 2 , Clearfil Liner Bond System , and Scotchbond Multi- Purpose ) . In total , 1177 Class V cervical lesions in the teeth of 346 patients were restored following two cavity design s : In Group A , enamel was neither beveled nor intentionally etched , as per ADA guidelines ; in Group B , adjacent enamel was beveled and conditioned . Clinical retention rates definitely indicated the improved clinical efficacy of the newest dentin adhesives over the earlier systems . With regard to adhesion strategy , adhesive systems that removed the smear layer and concurrently demineralized the dentin surface layer performed clinical ly better than systems that modified the disorderly layer of smear debris without complete removal . Hybridization by resin interdiffusion into the exposed dentinal collagen layer , combined with attachment of resin tags into the opened dentin tubules , appeared to be essential for reliable dentin bonding but might be insufficient by itself . The additional formation of an elastic bonding area as a polymerization shrinkage absorber and the use of a microfine restorative composite apparently guaranteed an efficient clinical result . The perfect one-year retention recorded for Clearfil Liner Bond System and Scotchbond Multi- Purpose must be confirmed at later recalls The present study aim ed at the determination of changes of tooth-colored cervical restorations  in vivo using an optical 3-dimensional laser scanning device . The study was performed on 197 cervical restorations placed on incisors , canines , and premolars . Four different tooth-colored restoration material s , a composite , a polyacid-modified resin composite , and two resin-modified glass ionomer cements , were used for the restoration of the lesions . For the determination of changes , images were taken at baseline and 15 , 24 and 36 months after the placement of the fillings using a 3D-laser scanning device . The images were superimposed automatically , and digital subtraction was made by a specially developed image analysis software . The total substance loss on the entire filling surface at 36 months for the resin-modified glass ionomer Photac-Fil was 44 ( + /-23 ) microm , for Fuji II LC 45 ( + /-26 ) microm , for Dyract 71 ( + /-47 ) microm and for Tetric 18 ( + /-12 ) microm . Differentiating between the class of lesion , a higher wear rate was observed at 36 months on restorations which had been placed in erosion/non-carious cervical cavities ( 66 ( + /-33 ) microm ) . In conclusion , the composite material demonstrated a distinctly lower surface wear rate over time in comparison to the resin-modified glass ionomer cements and the polyacid-modified resin composite Abstract The aim of this study was to compare the treatment results using four different types of tooth colored material s for restoring class V lesions . A total of 197 class V restorations ( n=197 ) were placed by one dentist in 37 patients on incisors , canines and premolars . The fillings were placed due to different indications : erosion/non-carious cervical defects ( n=69 ) , primary carious lesions ( n=57 ) , and for replacing defective existing fillings ( n=71 ) . The teeth were assigned on a r and om basis to four groups for restoration with either a composite ( group 1 : n=36 ; Tetric , Vivadent ) , or a polyacid-modified resin composite ( group 2 : n=79 ; Dyract , Dentsply ) , or one of two different resin-modified glass ionomer cements ( group 3 : n=51 , Fuji II LC , GC ; group 4 : n=31 , Photac-Fil , Espe ) . The restorations were evaluated by a single-blind design , according to a modified USPHS system 36 months following placement . Statistical analysis was completed with the Pearson Chi-square test for comparing the results of the four groups ( P<0.05 ) . Additionally , the survival rates were analyzed with the Kaplan-Meier estimator and the Log-rank test ( P<0.05 ) . The Alpha ratings were as follows ( Tetric/Dyract/Fuji II LC/Photac Fil ) : shade match ( 86%/77%/58%/40 % ) , surface texture ( 81%/83%/16%/9 % ) , marginal integrity ( enamel ) ( 73%/67%/61%/61 % ) , marginal integrity ( dentin ) ( 86%/70%/55%/61 % ) , marginal discoloration ( enamel ) ( 59%/44%/58%/52 % ) , marginal discoloration ( dentin ) ( 82%/84%/71%/48 % ) , anatomic contours ( 91%/83%/39%/ 35 % ) . One Tetric restoration , five Dyract restorations , two Fuji II LC restorations and three Photac restorations were dislodged within the study period . The retention of the restorations showed no significant difference among the four material s. However , the clinical performance of the restorations retained over the 3-year period showed distinct differences for the four material s. The best clinical performance was observed for the resin composite , whereas the quality of the Dyract restorations without enamel etching was worse . The poorest results were obtained for the restorations with the resin-modified glass ionomers Recently a calcium aluminate cement ( Doxa Certex , Uppsala , Sweden ) has been developed intended to be used as direct restorative filling material . The aim of this study was to evaluate intra-individually the experimental calcium aluminate cement ( CAC ) and a resin composite ( RC;Tetric Ceram ) in Class V restorations . Each of 46 participants received at least one pair of restorations of the same size , one CAC and one RC . The 119 restorations were evaluated clinical ly , according to slightly modified USPHS criteria , at baseline , after 6 mths , 1 , 2 and 3 yrs . None of the patients reported post-operative sensitivity . At 3 yrs , 111 restorations were evaluated . Significantly better clinical durability was shown for RC . Two non-acceptable CAC restorations were observed at 6 months , 3 CAC and 1 RC at 12 months , 5 CAC and 2 RC at 24 months , and 8 CAC at 36 months . This result ed in a cumulative failure frequency of 32 % for the CAC material and 5 % for the RC material . Main reason for failure for the CAC was total or partial lost restorations , and for the RC lost restorations . It can be concluded that the CAC showed a non-acceptable clinical failure rate for Class V restorations PURPOSE The aim of this double-blind r and omized study was to compare the clinical performance of a resin-modified glass ionomer ( Vitremer , 3 M ) and a polyacid-modified resin ( Dyract , Dentsply DeTrey ) in noncarious Class V restorations after 5 years . MATERIAL S AND METHODS Twelve patients , having at least one pair of equal-sized noncarious cervical lesions under occlusion and a mean age of 40 years ( range 19 to 63 years ; median 41 ) , were enrolled in this study . A total of 32 restorations ( 16 with each material ) were placed according to the manufacturers ' instructions by two calibrated operators . Two other independent examiners evaluated the restorations at baseline and after 5 years according to the USPHS criteria . The assessment criteria were : retention , anatomical form , marginal adaptation and marginal discoloration , color match , surface texture , and secondary caries . Statistical analysis was conducted using Fisher 's exact test ( alpha = 0.05 ) . RESULTS No secondary caries was detected with either material . The retention rate for Vitremer ( 93 % ) and for Dyract ( 78.5 % ) did not differ significantly ( p > 0.05 ) . Regarding anatomical form , only two restorations of each material were recorded as bravo . In terms of marginal adaptation , 38.5 % of Dyract restorations were rated alpha and 61.5 % bravo , while 84.6 % of Vitremer restorations were rated alpha and only 15.4 % bravo ( p < 0.05 ) . For marginal discoloration , 18.2 % of Dyract restorations and 84.6 % of Vitremer restorations were rated alpha , with the remaining rated bravo . 86 % of Vitremer restorations were rated as bravo and 23 % alpha for both surface texture and color match . All Dyract restorations were classified as alpha regarding surface texture , and only two Dyract restorations ( 18.2 % ) were classified as bravo in the color match item . CONCLUSION The marginal adaptation of the RMGIC ( Vitremer ) was significantly better , the marginal discoloration lower , and the retention rate higher ( though not significantly ) than that of the PMRC ( Dyract ) after 5 years in situ . Dyract performed better in terms of surface texture and color match in noncarious Class V restorations after 5 years UNLABELLED This double-blind r and omized clinical trial compared different ethanol/water and acetone-based systems in non-carious cervical lesions over 36 months . MATERIAL S AND METHODS Eighty-four patients having at least one non-carious cervical lesion [ NCCL ] under occlusion were enrolled in this study . A total of 84 restorations were placed , half for each group ( Adper Single Bond [ SB ] + FiltekA110 or One Step [ OS ] + MicroNew ) . All the material s were placed by two calibrated operators . Two other independent examiners evaluated the restorations at baseline , 6 , 12 , 18 and 36 months , according to slightly modified USPHS criteria . Statistical analysis between material s in each period was conducted using the Fisher 's exact test ( alpha=0.05 ) , and performance of the material s in the baseline in comparison to each period was evaluated by McNemar 's test ( alpha=0.05 ) . RESULTS The 12- , 18- and 36-month retention rates for SB were 95.2 % ( 12 and 18 months ) and 92.3 % ( 36 months ) . For OS , the retention rates were 83.3 % , 73.8 % and 56.4 % , respectively , for each recall period . After 36 months , 10 OS restorations ( 25.7 % ) and seven SB restorations ( 17.9 % ) were rated as Bravo in the marginal discoloration item . CONCLUSIONS The ethanol/water-based adhesive ( Single Bond ) that was evaluated showed a higher retention rate than the acetone-based system ( One Step ) after 36 months of clinical service OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to compare the esthetics of 3 resin-modified glass-ionomer material s and 1 polyacid-modified resin composite to the esthetics of a conventional glass-ionomer control material . METHOD AND MATERIAL S One hundred eighty-seven Class V cervical restorations were observed clinical ly over 18 months . The esthetic index system that was used evaluated color match , translucency or opacity , and surface roughness . RESULTS The tested material s behaved very dissimilarly and inconsistently . In general , the esthetic results of the resin-modified glass-ionomer material s and the polyacid-modified resin composite were far from optimal . The esthetic appearance of restorations seriously deteriorated during clinical service , mainly because of discoloration of margins , changes in translucency and opacity , and rapidly appearing roughness or dullness on the surface . Both the resin-modified glass-ionomer material s and the polyacid-modified resin composite evaluated in this study performed better esthetically than did the conventional glass-ionomer material . CONCLUSION Indications for these combination material s are limited to areas where esthetics is not a primary concern but where their ease of application may guarantee a more durable functional result One hundred fifty-nine noncarious cervical lesions were restored with glass-ionomer cement , resin composite used with a dentinal bonding agent , or the laminate ( s and wich ) restoration , which combines both these material s. These restorations were evaluated at baseline , 1 year , and 3 years for color match , cavosurface marginal discoloration , anatomic form , marginal adaptation , and retention . There was a general deterioration of the restorations with time . Lesions restored with resin composite and a dentinal bonding agent exhibited the highest percentage of lost restorations One hundred cervical " abrasion/erosion " lesions were restored in groups of twenty with All-Bond , Photobond , Denthesive , and Pertac dentin adhesives with resin composite , and Geristore resin-based material .  The mean patient age was 63 years . All but seven restoration sites were examined for up to approximately 14 months , and the cumulative retention rates of restorations calculated . At the end of the observation period , the percentage of restorations retained was ; All-Bond 69.6 % , Photobond 78.2 % , Denthesive 42.8 % , Pertac 7.5 % , Geristore 71.8 % , which was in approximate quantitative agreement with laboratory bond strength studies . The relationship of laboratory bond strength tests to clinical performance , and the influence of patient age on the clinical results , are discussed BACKGROUND The authors conducted an in vivo investigation to compare the clinical performance of two commercial one-bottle adhesives and a two-bottle adhesive for restoration of noncarious cervical lesions ( NCCLs ) . METHOD The patient pool consisted of 57 patients and 171 teeth ( three teeth per patient ) , with one NCCL per tooth . Each patient received three resin-based composite restorations , each with a different adhesive : one tooth with a two-bottle , water-based adhesive as the control ; another tooth with a one-bottle , ethanol-based adhesive ; and a third tooth with a one-bottle , solvent-free adhesive . The authors assessed restorations in terms of retention , marginal integrity , margin discoloration and air sensitivity at baseline , six months , one year , two years and three years after initial placement . RESULTS The retention rates at 36 months were 88 percent for the first adhesive , 81 percent for the second adhesive and 90 percent for the third adhesive . No statistically significant differences in retention rates could be shown , with 86 percent of restorations retained overall . Measures of marginal integrity , marginal discoloration and sensitivity also had no statistically significant differences between the three adhesives ( P > .05 ) . CONCLUSIONS All three adhesives performed with acceptable outcomes after a 36-month period , with small differences between the one- and two-bottle systems and between the various solvents . Retention rate was moderately high and air sensitivity was markedly reduced ; however , superficial marginal discoloration and marginal degradation was notable . Certain lesion , tooth and patient characteristics may predispose restorations to retention failure . CLINICAL IMPLICATION S The type of solvent may not be a major factor in retention of Class V restorations in NCCLs . Both single-bottle adhesives and conventional two-bottle adhesives performed acceptably PURPOSE To clinical ly evaluate the 3-year performance of a one-bottle dentin adhesive in the restoration of non-carious cervical lesions ( NCCLs ) with resin composite . MATERIAL S AND METHODS 105 NCCLs were restored with either AElite Flow , Bisco Glaze ( both flowable resin-based composites ) or Silux ( a microfilled resin-based composite ) , using One-Step dentin adhesive . The cavities were cleaned with pumice and water slurry , the dentin lightly roughened with a fine diamond bur , and the restorations placed according to the manufacturer 's instructions . Patients were recalled at 6 months , 1 year , 2 years and 3 years , and restoration integrity and marginal discoloration assessed . RESULTS The overall retention rates were : 6 months , 100 % ; 1 year , 95 % ; 2 years , 87 % ; 3 years , 75 % . Marginal discoloration was negligible , and there was no significant difference among the material s , although there was a trend for it to be greater around the Bisco Glaze restorations Despite the fact that one-step adhesives are currently used routinely in clinical practice , long-term studies on their clinical performance are scarce . The objective of this r and omized controlled clinical trial was to test the hypothesis that a 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA)-free one-step self-etch adhesive performs worse than a conventional multistep etch- and -rinse adhesive .  Two-hundred and seventy-six non-carious cervical lesions in 52 patients were restored with a micro-hybrid composite  ( Gradia Direct ; GC ) . These restorations were bonded in r and om order either with the HEMA-free one-step adhesive G-Bond ( GC ) or with the ' gold-st and ard ' ( control ) three-step adhesive Optibond FL ( Kerr ) . The restorations were evaluated after 6 , 12 , 24 , and 36 months of clinical service regarding retention , marginal adaptation , microleakage , caries occurrence , and sensitivity . After a medium-long period of 3 yr , similar success in clinical performance was observed for the simplified all-in-one adhesive and the conventional three-step adhesive . However , the one-step adhesive exhibited significantly more incisal marginal defects and discolorations . Whereas marginal degradation appeared to arrest for the multistep etch- and -rinse adhesive after 12 months , the enamel margins of the restorations bonded with the one-step self-etch adhesive continued to deteriorate . These incisal marginal defects were , however , small and could easily be removed by polishing . For both adhesives , large and sclerosed lesions appeared to be at higher risk of retention loss OBJECTIVE To assess the quality of the reporting of r and omised controlled trials ( RCTs ) in dental public health journals . METHOD Electronic and h and search es were used to search for  RCTs published in the following three journals over the period 1993 - 2008 : Community Dental Health , Community Dentistry & Oral Epidemiology and the Journal of Public Health Dentistry . Exclusion criteria were applied . Each of the result ing papers was review ed and scored , according to 56 criteria , based on the CONSORT statement . RESULTS The search identified 48 papers . The average number of criteria present per article was 27.0 ( SD = 6.9 ) , with variation between journals as follows : Community Dental Health ( 27.7 ) ; Community Dentistry & Oral Epidemiology ( 27.4 ) ; Journal of Public Health Dentistry ( 23.2 ) . The average number of criteria present per article increased over the time period used . CONCLUSION There were inadequacies in the reporting of trials in dental public health journals . The quality of the reporting could be improved if the CONSORT statement was followed more closely To optimize the bonding of glass polyalkenoate ( ionomer ) cement to dentin , different conditioning methods have been suggested . The effect of two easily applied conditioning methods , a 10 - 15 seconds cleaning with a 10 % polyacrylic acid or rinsing with copious amounts of water , was compared in class V abrasion/erosion lesions .  The cervical lesions were restored , without any form of mechanical cavity preparation , with an anhydrous glass ionomer cement . During a 4-yr period , 137 restorations were evaluated every 6 months .  Cumulative loss rates after 4 yr were 15.6 % for the polyacrylic acid group and 21.9 % for the water rinsing group . The difference was not significant . No secondary caries was registered About 35 years ago , Ryge provided a practical approach to evaluation of clinical performance of restorative material s. This systematic approach was soon universally accepted . While that methodology has served us well , a large number of scientific method ologies and more detailed questions have arisen that require more rigor . Current restorative material s have vastly improved clinical performance and any changes over time are not easily detected by the limited sensitivity of the Ryge criteria in short term clinical investigations . However , the clinical evaluation of restorations not only involves the restorative material per se but also different operative techniques . For instance , a composite resin may show good longevity data when applied in conventional cavities but not in modified operative approaches . Insensitivity , combined with the continually evolving and non-st and ard investigator modifications of the categories , scales , and reporting methods , has created a body of literature that is extremely difficult to meaningfully interpret . In many cases , the insensitivity of the original Ryge methods is misinterpreted as good clinical performance . While there are many good features of the original system , it is now time to move to a more contemporary one . The current review approaches this challenge in two ways : ( 1 ) a proposal for a modern clinical testing protocol for controlled clinical trials , and ( 2 ) an in-depth discussion of relevant clinical evaluation parameters , providing 84 references that are primarily related to issues or problems for clinical research trials . Together , these two parts offer a st and ard for the clinical testing of restorative material s/ procedures and provide significant guidance for research teams in the design and conduct of contemporary clinical trials . Part 1 of the review considers the recruitment of subjects , restorations per subject , clinical events , validity versus bias , legal and regulatory aspects , rationale s for clinical trial design s , guidelines for design , r and omization , number of subjects , characteristics of participants , clinical assessment , st and ards and calibration , categories for assessment , criteria for evaluation , and supplemental documentation . Part 2 of the review considers categories of assessment for esthetic evaluation , functional assessment , biological responses to restorative material s , and statistical analysis of results . The overall review represents a considerable effort to include a range of clinical research interests over the past years . As part of the recognition of the importance of these suggestions , the review is being published simultaneously in identical form in both the “ Journal of Adhesive Dentistry ” and the “ Clinical Oral Investigations . ” Additionally an extended abstract will be published in the “ International Dental Journal ” giving a link to the web full version . This should help to introduce these considerations more quickly to the scientific community OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical retention of a new resin-modified glass ionomer cement based adhesive combined with a hybrid resin composite or a poly-acid modified resin composite in non-carious cervical lesions during a 6-year period . METHODS The resin-modified glass ionomer adhesive ( Fuji Bond LC ) , was placed in 73 cervical lesions , 36 with a universal hybrid resin composite ( Tetric Ceram ) and 37 with a poly-acid modified resin composite ( Hytac ) . Fifty-one in lesions with sclerotic dentin and 22 in non-sclerotic ones . Of the sclerotic lesions 38 were slightly roughened with a diamond bur before conditioning . The restorations were evaluated with slightly modified USPHS criteria every six months during a 6-year period . RESULTS All except six restorations were evaluated during the 6 years . Twelve ( 17.9 % ) were lost , four Tetric Ceram ( 11.8 % ) and eight Hytac ( 24.2 % ) ( p<0.05 ) . Four were found in non-sclerotic lesions ( 20.0 % ) and eight in sclerotic lesions ( 17.0 % ) . The differences between the sclerotic and non-sclerotic and the roughened and non-roughened lesions were not significant . CONCLUSIONS The resin-modified glass adhesive showed a superior clinical retention combined with the resin composite material , with an annual failure rate of 2 % The dentinal adhesive Scotchbond 2 was evaluated with the microfilled composite resin Silux in cervical and root caries lesions for up to 3 years . Clinical criteria evaluated included retention , marginal integrity , marginal discoloration , color match , anatomic form , recurrent caries , gingival response , and postoperative sensitivity . Overall , the adhesive demonstrated improved performance over earlier dentinal adhesive systems . Retention was greatest at 3 years when available enamel margins had been etched ( 93 % ) and when root caries lesions ( 97 % ) had been restored . Other criteria were reported as generally favorable . Early findings suggest that the level of development of sclerotic dentin may influence behavior of the adhesive . The greatest difficulty was noted in lesions presenting with heavy sclerotic dentin The aim of this study was to clinical ly evaluate a polyacid-modified resin composite ( Dyract ; Dentsply deTrey ) . Forty-one Dyract restorations were placed ( 36 in noncarious cervical cavities and five in anterior approximal cavities ) , and assessed after three years . The retention rate was 97 % for the cervical restorations ; however , 16 restorations showed some degree of marginal discoloration , sometimes severe . Color match and surface integrity were highly satisfactory throughout the trial . Dyract has now been superseded by Dyract AP , and the manufacturers should consider recommending m and atory enamel etching
target: Conclusion The current best evidence indicates that a glass ionomer cement has a significantly lower risk of loss of a NCCL restoration compared to either a three-step etch- and -rinse or a two-step etch- and -rinse adhesive system ; a three-step etch- and -rinse adhesive system has a significantly lower risk of loss of a NCCL restoration compared to a two-step etch- and -rinse adhesive system .
  No significant difference could be observed in the risk of loss of a tooth-colored NCCL restoration between a three-step etch- and -rinse adhesive system and either a two-step self-etch or a one-step self-etch adhesive system
background: Objectives The aim of this review was to assess the effect of different adhesive systems and tooth preparation on the retention of tooth-colored restorative material s  placed in non-carious cervical lesions ( NCCLs ) .