Furosemide prevents the renal side effects of indomethacin therapy in premature infants with patent ductus arteriosus. A comparison of oral ibuprofen and intravenous indomethacin for closure of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants.
To determine if furosemide would prevent the renal side effects of indomethacin therapy in premature infants with patent ductus arteriosus, 19 premature infants were randomized into two groups: nine received indomethacin alone, and ten received indomethacin followed immediately by furosemide. There was no significant difference between the groups in birth weight, gestational age, postnatal age, and in cardiopulmonary or renal status at the time of study. Infants who received indomethacin and furosemide had significantly higher urine output (P less than 0.05), higher FENa and FECl (P less than 0.01), and higher glomerular filtration rate (P less than 0.05) than those of infants who received indomethacin alone. Seven infants in each group responded to indomethacin therapy with disappearance of PDA murmur and improvement of cardiovascular status. The results of this study suggest that furosemide may prevent the renal side effects of indomethacin therapy and yet not affect the efficacy of indomethacin in the closure of a PDA. Indomethacin is widely accepted as the treatment for patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in preterm infants but it has various side effects. Ibuprofen is the alternative treatment and believed to be less likely to induce side effects.
                To compare efficacy and side effects of ibuprofen versus indomethacin treatment for symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in preterm infants.
                The authors studied 30 infants (gestational age < or = 35 weeks, aged < or = 10 days) who were diagnosed as having symptomatic PDA confirmed by echocardiogram. The infants were randomly assigned to receive three intravenous doses of indomethacin given at 12-hour intervals or three doses of ibuprofen given at 24-hour intervals, starting within ten days of life. The demographic data, rate of clinical closure, need for additional treatment, side effects, complications and the infants' clinical course were recorded within 28 days.
                The rate of ductal closure was similar with the two treatment regimes. Ductal closure occurred in 7 of 15 infants given ibuprofen (46.67%) and 10 of 15 infants given indomethacin (66.67%). (Relative risk 0.669; 95% confidence interval, 0.328 to 1.364; p = 0.462) The number of infants who needed a second pharmacologic treatment was not significantly different between the two groups, (6 cases in the ibuprofen group, 5 cases in the indomethacin group) but surgical ligation was performed in two cases in the indomethacin group. There was a significant difference in using the diuretic drug (furosemide) in the indomethacin group (11 cases), compared to the ibuprofen group (3 cases), (p = 0.009). More cases of necrotizing enterocolitis were seen in the indomethacin group (66.67% compared to 40% in the ibuprofen group) but there was no statistically significant difference.
                Ibuprofen has the same efficiency as indomethacin for the treatment of symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants and less likely to induce necrotizing enterocolitis and renal toxicity than indomethacin.
There is not enough evidence to support the administration of furosemide to premature infants treated with indomethacin for symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus. Furosemide appears to be contraindicated in the presence of dehydration in those infants.