Effect of reducing caffeine intake on birth weight and length of gestation: randomised controlled trial.
To estimate the effect of reducing caffeine intake during pregnancy on birth weight and length of gestation.
                Randomised double blind controlled trial.
                Denmark.
                1207 pregnant women drinking at least three cups of coffee a day, recruited before 20 weeks' gestation.
                Caffeinated instant coffee (568 women) or decaffeinated instant coffee (629 women).
                Birth weight and length of gestation.
                Data on birth weight were obtained for 1150 liveborn singletons and on length of gestation for 1153 liveborn singletons. No significant differences were found for mean birth weight or mean length of gestation between women in the decaffeinated coffee group (whose mean caffeine intake was 182 mg lower than that of the other group) and women in the caffeinated coffee group. After adjustment for length of gestation, parity, prepregnancy body mass index, and smoking at entry to the study the mean birth weight of babies born to women in the decaffeinated group was 16 g (95% confidence interval -40 to 73) higher than those born to women in the caffeinated group. The adjusted difference (decaffeinated group-caffeinated group) of length of gestation was -1.31 days (-2.87 to 0.25).
                A moderate reduction in caffeine intake in the second half of pregnancy has no effect on birth weight or length of gestation.
                Clinical Trials NCT00131690 [ClinicalTrials.gov].
There is insufficient evidence to confirm or refute the effectiveness of caffeine avoidance on birthweight or other pregnancy outcomes. There is a need to conduct high-quality, double-blinded RCTs to determine whether caffeine has any effect on pregnancy outcome.