Hvad var kolonisternes svar på the townshend acts?
Townshend Acts var en række britiske love, der blev vedtaget fra 1765 og vedrørte de britisk-amerikanske kolonier i Nordamerika. Lovene er opkaldt efter Charles Townshend, finansministeren, som foreslog programmet. Historikere varierer en smule med hensyn til, hvilke love de medtager under overskriften "Townshend Acts", men fem love nævnes ofte: The Revenue Act of 1765, Indemnity Act (1765), New York Restraining Act (1765), Commissioners of Customs Act (1765) og Vice Admiralty Court Act (1765). Formålet med Townshend Acts var at skaffe indtægter i kolonierne til at betale guvernørernes og dommernes lønninger, så de kunne forblive loyale over for Storbritannien, at skabe et mere effektivt middel til at håndhæve overholdelse af handelsreglerne, at straffe provinsen New York for ikke at overholde Quartering Act fra 1765 og at skabe præcedens for, at det britiske parlament havde ret til at beskatte kolonierne. Townshend-loven blev mødt med modstand i kolonierne, hvilket førte til, at britiske tropper besatte Boston i 1767, hvilket i sidste ende resulterede i Boston-massakren i 1770.
The Townshend Acts were a series of British acts passed beginning in 1765 and relating to the British American colonies in North America. The acts are named after Charles Townshend, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, who proposed the program. Historians vary slightly as to which acts they include under the heading "Townshend Acts", but five acts are often mentioned: The Revenue Act of 1765, the Indemnity Act (1765), the New York Restraining Act (1765), the Commissioners of Customs Act (1765) and the Vice Admiralty Court Act (1765). The purpose of the Townshend Acts was to raise revenue in the colonies to pay the salaries of governors and judges so that they would remain loyal to Great Britain, to create a more effective means of enforcing compliance with trade regulations, to punish the province of New York for failing to comply with the 1765 Quartering Act, and to establish the precedent that the British Parliament had the right to tax the colonies. The Townshend Acts were met with resistance in the colonies, prompting the occupation of Boston by British troops in 1767, which eventually resulted in the Boston Massacre of 1770.
Townshend Acts