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1833
Incorporation of the Bill of Rights
Før ratificeringen af det fjortende ændringsforslag og udviklingen af inkorporeringsdoktrinen fastslog Højesteret i 1833 i Barron v. Baltimore, at Bill of Rights kun gjaldt for den føderale regering, men ikke for nogen delstatsregering. Selv flere år efter ratifikationen af det fjortende tillæg fastslog Højesteret i United States v. Cruikshank (1876) stadig, at det første og andet tillæg ikke gjaldt for delstatsregeringer. Fra 1920'erne fortolkede en række afgørelser fra USA's højesteret imidlertid det fjortende tillæg således, at det "inkorporerede" de fleste dele af Bill of Rights, hvilket gjorde disse dele for første gang håndhævet over for delstatsregeringerne.
1833
Incorporation of the Bill of Rights
Prior to the ratification of the Fourteenth Amendment and the development of the incorporation doctrine, the Supreme Court in 1833 held in Barron v. Baltimore that the Bill of Rights applied only to the federal, but not any state governments. Even years after the ratification of the Fourteenth Amendment, the Supreme Court in United States v. Cruikshank (1876) still held that the First and Second Amendment did not apply to state governments. However, beginning in the 1920s, a series of United States Supreme Court decisions interpreted the Fourteenth Amendment to "incorporate" most portions of the Bill of Rights, making these portions, for the first time, enforceable against the state governments.
Incorporation of the Bill of Rights