Hvornår var den indianske uafhængighedsbevægelse?
Indian independence movement
De første organiserede militante bevægelser fandt sted i Bengalen, men senere kom de i bevægelse i den nyligt dannede Indian National Congress med fremtrædende moderate ledere, der kun søgte deres grundlæggende ret til at stille op til eksamener i den indiske embedsmandstjeneste (British India) samt flere økonomiske rettigheder for befolkningen i landet. I begyndelsen af det 20. århundrede var der en mere radikal tilgang til politisk selvstyre, som blev foreslået af ledere som Lal, Bal, Pal og Aurobindo Ghosh, V. O. Chidambaram Pillai. I de sidste faser af kampen for selvstyre fra 1920'erne og frem vedtog Kongressen Mohandas Karamchand Gandhis politik for ikke-vold og civil ulydighed og flere andre kampagner. Nationalister som Subhash Chandra Bose, Bhagat Singh og Bagha Jatin prædikede væbnet revolution for at opnå selvstyre. Digtere og forfattere som Subramania Bharati, Rabindranath Tagore, Muhammad Iqbal, Josh Malihabadi, Mohammad Ali Jouhar, Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay og Kazi Nazrul Islam brugte litteratur, poesi og tale som et redskab til politisk bevidstgørelse. Feminister som Sarojini Naidu og Begum Rokeya gik ind for de indiske kvinders frigørelse og deres deltagelse i den nationale politik. B. R. Ambedkar kæmpede for de dårligt stillede dele af det indiske samfund inden for rammerne af den større selvstyrebevægelse. Under Anden Verdenskrig var kampagnerne i Quit India-bevægelsen under ledelse af Kongressen og den indiske nationale hær under ledelse af Subhas Chandra Bose på deres højeste niveau.
Indian independence movement
The first organised militant movements were in Bengal, but they later took movement in the newly formed Indian National Congress with prominent moderate leaders seeking only their basic right to appear for Indian Civil Service (British India) examinations, as well as more rights, economic in nature, for the people of the soil. The early part of the 20th century saw a more radical approach towards political self-rule proposed by leaders such as the Lal, Bal, Pal and Aurobindo Ghosh, V. O. Chidambaram Pillai. The last stages of the self-rule struggle from the 1920s onwards saw Congress adopt Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi's policy of nonviolence and civil disobedience, and several other campaigns. Nationalists like Subhash Chandra Bose, Bhagat Singh, Bagha Jatin preached armed revolution to achieve self-rule. Poets and writers such as Subramania Bharati, Rabindranath Tagore, Muhammad Iqbal, Josh Malihabadi, Mohammad Ali Jouhar, Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay and Kazi Nazrul Islam used literature, poetry and speech as a tool for political awareness. Feminists such as Sarojini Naidu and Begum Rokeya promoted the emancipation of Indian women and their participation in national politics. B. R. Ambedkar championed the cause of the disadvantaged sections of Indian society within the larger self-rule movement. The period of the Second World War saw the peak of the campaigns by the Quit India Movement led by Congress, and the Indian National Army movement led by Subhas Chandra Bose.
Indian independence movement