Hvor almindeligt er guld i jordskorpen?
Abundance of elements in Earth's crust
Hyppigheden af kemiske grundstoffer i jordskorpen, fra forskellige kilder

Rang
Z, grundstof og symbol
Hyppighed i jordskorpen (ppm) efter kilde
Årlig produktion





Darling
Barbalace
WebElements
Videnskab og teknologi i Israel
Jefferson Lab
(2016, tons)


1
8
ilt
O
466,000
474,000
460,000
467,100
461,000



2
14
silicium [A]
Si
277,200
277,100
270,000
276,900
282,000
7,200,000


3
13
aluminium
Al
81,300
82,000
82,000
80,700
82,300
57,600,000


4
26
jern
Fe
50,000
41,000
63,000
50,500
56,300
1,150,000,000


5
20
calcium
Ca
36,300
41,000
50,000
36,500
41,500



6
11
natrium
Na
28,300
23,000
23,000
27,500
23,600
255,000,000


7
12
magnesium
Mg
20,900
23,000
29,000
20,800
23,300
1,010,000


8
19
kalium
K
25,900
21,000
15,000
25,800
20,900



9
22
titanium
Ti
4,400
5,600
6,600
6,200
5,600
6,600,000


10
1
brint
H
1,400

1,500
1,400
1,400



11
15
fosfor
P
1,200
1,000
1,000
1,300
1,050



12
25
mangan
Mn
1,000
950
1,100
900
950
16,000,000


13
9
fluor
F
800
950
540
290
585



14
56
barium
Ba
500
340
340
500
425



15
6
kulstof
C
300
480
1,800
940
200



16
38
strontium
Sr

370
360

370
350,000


17
16
svovl
S
500
260
420
520
350
69,300,000


18
40
zirconium
Zr

190
130
250
165
1,460,000


19
74
wolfram
W

160.6
1.1

1.25
86,400


20
23
vanadium
V
100
160
190

120
76,000


21
17
klor
Cl
500
130
170
450
145



22
24
krom
Cr
100
100
140
350
102
26,000,000


23
37
rubidium
Rb
300
90
60

90



24
28
nikkel
Ni

80
90
190
84
2,250,000


25
30
Zink
Zn

75
79

70
11,900,000


26
29
kobber
Cu
100
50
68

60
19,400,000


27
58
cerium
Ce

68
60

66.5



28
60
neodymium
Nd

38
33

41.5



29
57
lanthan
La

32
34

39



30
39
yttrium
Y

30
29

33
6,000


31
7
kvælstof
N
50
25
20

19
140,000,000


32
27
kobolt
Co

20
30

25
123,000


33
3
lithium
Li

20
17

20
35,000


34
41
niobium
Nb

20
17

20
64,000


35
31
gallium
Ga

18
19

19



36
21
scandium
Sc

16
26

22



37
82
bly
Pb

14
10

14
4,820,000


38
62
samarium
Sm

7.9
6

7.05



39
90
thorium
Th

12
6

9.6



40
59
praseodymium
Pr

9.5
8.7

9.2



41
5
bor
B

950
8.7

10
9,400,000


42
64
gadolinium
Gd

7.7
5.2

6.2



43
66
dysprosium
Dy

6
6.2

5.2



44
72
hafnium
Hf

5.3
3.3

3.0



45
68
erbium
Er

3.8
3.0

3.5



46
70
ytterbium
Yb

3.3
2.8

3.2



47
55
cæsium
Cs

3
1.9

3



48
4
beryllium
Be

2.6
1.9

2.8
220


49
50
tin
Sn
0
2.2
2.2

2.3
280,000


50
63
europium
Eu

2.1
1.8

2.0



51
92
uran
U

0
1.8

2.7
74,119


52
73
tantal
Ta

2
1.7

2.0
1,100


53
32
germanium
Ge

1.8
1.4

1.5
155


54
42
molybdæn
Mo

1.5
1.1

1.2
227,000


55
33
arsen
As

1.5
2.1

1.8
36,500


56
67
holmium
Ho

1.4
1.2

1.3



57
65
terbium
Tb

1.1
0.94

1.2



58
69
thulium
Tm

0.48
0.45

0.52



59
35
brom
Br

0.37
3

2.4
391,000


60
81
thallium
Tl

0.6
0.530

0.850
10


61
71
lutetium
Lu




0.5



62
51
antimon
Sb

0.2
0.2

0.2
130,000


63
53
jod
I

0.14
0.490

0.450
31,600


64
48
cadmium
Cd

0.11
0.15

0.15
23,000


65
47
sølv
Ag

0.070
0.080

0.075
27,000


66
80
kviksølv
Hg

0.05
0.067

0.085
4,500


67
34
selen
Se

0.05
0.05

0.05
2,200


68
49
indium
I

0.049
0.160

0.250
655


69
83
bismuth
Bi

0.048
0.025

0.0085
10,200


70
52
tellur
Te

0.005
0.001

0.001
2,200


71
78
platin
Pt

0.003
0.0037

0.005
172


72
79
guld
Au

0.0011
0.0031

0.004
3,100


73
44
ruthenium
Ru

0.001
0.001

0.001



74
46
palladium
Pd

0.0006
0.0063

0.015
208


75
75
rhenium
Re

0.0004
0.0026

0.0007
47.2


76
77
iridium
Ir

0.0003
0.0004

0.001



77
45
rhodium
Rh

0.0002
0.0007

0.001



78
76
osmium
Os

0.0001
0.0018

0.0015
Abundance of elements in Earth's crust
Abundance of chemical elements in Earth's crust, from various sources

Rank
Z, element & symbol
Abundance in crust (ppm) by source
Annual production





Darling
Barbalace
WebElements
Israel Science and Technology
Jefferson Lab
(2016, tonnes)


1
8
oxygen
O
466,000
474,000
460,000
467,100
461,000



2
14
silicon [A]
Si
277,200
277,100
270,000
276,900
282,000
7,200,000


3
13
aluminium
Al
81,300
82,000
82,000
80,700
82,300
57,600,000


4
26
iron
Fe
50,000
41,000
63,000
50,500
56,300
1,150,000,000


5
20
calcium
Ca
36,300
41,000
50,000
36,500
41,500



6
11
sodium
Na
28,300
23,000
23,000
27,500
23,600
255,000,000


7
12
magnesium
Mg
20,900
23,000
29,000
20,800
23,300
1,010,000


8
19
potassium
K
25,900
21,000
15,000
25,800
20,900



9
22
titanium
Ti
4,400
5,600
6,600
6,200
5,600
6,600,000


10
1
hydrogen
H
1,400

1,500
1,400
1,400



11
15
phosphorus
P
1,200
1,000
1,000
1,300
1,050



12
25
manganese
Mn
1,000
950
1,100
900
950
16,000,000


13
9
fluorine
F
800
950
540
290
585



14
56
barium
Ba
500
340
340
500
425



15
6
carbon
C
300
480
1,800
940
200



16
38
strontium
Sr

370
360

370
350,000


17
16
sulfur
S
500
260
420
520
350
69,300,000


18
40
zirconium
Zr

190
130
250
165
1,460,000


19
74
tungsten
W

160.6
1.1

1.25
86,400


20
23
vanadium
V
100
160
190

120
76,000


21
17
chlorine
Cl
500
130
170
450
145



22
24
chromium
Cr
100
100
140
350
102
26,000,000


23
37
rubidium
Rb
300
90
60

90



24
28
nickel
Ni

80
90
190
84
2,250,000


25
30
zinc
Zn

75
79

70
11,900,000


26
29
copper
Cu
100
50
68

60
19,400,000


27
58
cerium
Ce

68
60

66.5



28
60
neodymium
Nd

38
33

41.5



29
57
lanthanum
La

32
34

39



30
39
yttrium
Y

30
29

33
6,000


31
7
nitrogen
N
50
25
20

19
140,000,000


32
27
cobalt
Co

20
30

25
123,000


33
3
lithium
Li

20
17

20
35,000


34
41
niobium
Nb

20
17

20
64,000


35
31
gallium
Ga

18
19

19



36
21
scandium
Sc

16
26

22



37
82
lead
Pb

14
10

14
4,820,000


38
62
samarium
Sm

7.9
6

7.05



39
90
thorium
Th

12
6

9.6



40
59
praseodymium
Pr

9.5
8.7

9.2



41
5
boron
B

950
8.7

10
9,400,000


42
64
gadolinium
Gd

7.7
5.2

6.2



43
66
dysprosium
Dy

6
6.2

5.2



44
72
hafnium
Hf

5.3
3.3

3.0



45
68
erbium
Er

3.8
3.0

3.5



46
70
ytterbium
Yb

3.3
2.8

3.2



47
55
caesium
Cs

3
1.9

3



48
4
beryllium
Be

2.6
1.9

2.8
220


49
50
tin
Sn
0
2.2
2.2

2.3
280,000


50
63
europium
Eu

2.1
1.8

2.0



51
92
uranium
U

0
1.8

2.7
74,119


52
73
tantalum
Ta

2
1.7

2.0
1,100


53
32
germanium
Ge

1.8
1.4

1.5
155


54
42
molybdenum
Mo

1.5
1.1

1.2
227,000


55
33
arsenic
As

1.5
2.1

1.8
36,500


56
67
holmium
Ho

1.4
1.2

1.3



57
65
terbium
Tb

1.1
0.94

1.2



58
69
thulium
Tm

0.48
0.45

0.52



59
35
bromine
Br

0.37
3

2.4
391,000


60
81
thallium
Tl

0.6
0.530

0.850
10


61
71
lutetium
Lu




0.5



62
51
antimony
Sb

0.2
0.2

0.2
130,000


63
53
iodine
I

0.14
0.490

0.450
31,600


64
48
cadmium
Cd

0.11
0.15

0.15
23,000


65
47
silver
Ag

0.070
0.080

0.075
27,000


66
80
mercury
Hg

0.05
0.067

0.085
4,500


67
34
selenium
Se

0.05
0.05

0.05
2,200


68
49
indium
In

0.049
0.160

0.250
655


69
83
bismuth
Bi

0.048
0.025

0.0085
10,200


70
52
tellurium
Te

0.005
0.001

0.001
2,200


71
78
platinum
Pt

0.003
0.0037

0.005
172


72
79
gold
Au

0.0011
0.0031

0.004
3,100


73
44
ruthenium
Ru

0.001
0.001

0.001



74
46
palladium
Pd

0.0006
0.0063

0.015
208


75
75
rhenium
Re

0.0004
0.0026

0.0007
47.2


76
77
iridium
Ir

0.0003
0.0004

0.001



77
45
rhodium
Rh

0.0002
0.0007

0.001



78
76
osmium
Os

0.0001
0.0018

0.0015
Abundance of elements in Earth's crust