As temperature rises, crop productivity is predicted to decrease at lower latitudes — although it is also expected to increase at mid-high latitudes. Warming, together with changes in water precipitation and unpredicted climate variability, affects the timing and length of growing seasons and yields, with strong impacts on farmers’ livelihoods and on food security more generally (United Nations, 2011b, pp. By 2020, between 75 million and 250 million people in Africa are projected to be exposed to increased water stress owing to climate change and as a consequence, yields in some countries could be reduced by up to 50 per cent. Agricultural production, including access to food, in many African countries is projected to be severely compromised.