The factors contributing to low levels of participation in education are similar in developed and developing countries. Household surveys collected in 63 developing countries revealed that poverty and rural residence are the main factors behind children remaining outside of the education system (United Nations, 2013). In developed countries, poverty is often cushioned by social welfare systems, however, opportunities for learning are often limited due to the constraints of place, time and pacing of knowledge acquisition (Muller and Repo, 2013).