This is because of the need to address leakages and losses from water delivery systems on and off-farm, and also that in most cases no contingency has been made for capital investment for system renewal given that typically publicly owned irrigation systems have only charged farmers for O&M costs and not capital renewal costs. In addition, there are the financial costs for controlling nonpoint pollution from agriculture, and flood control costs, such as on-farm drainage. The transfer of financial control and investment management requires water user groups to seek private-public partnerships to raise capital and develop skills in long term asset management for renewal of irrigation infrastructure.