Moreover, within a sector, the objectives of environmental protection and improving water management sometimes conflict with each other (e.g. subsidies to fast-growing forest plantations aimed at carbon sequestration are sometimes at the detriment of old growth natural forests that better regulate water flows). This is particularly the case where water insecurity causes disruptions in globalised businesses’ supply chains. Not only are water risks directly affecting users (e.g. through the depletion of water resources), they also can result in significant additional use costs (e.g. increased abstraction costs due to groundwater subsidence). Moreover, there can be costs associated with damages to non-use values, such as the life-support function of water.