With the EU enlargement in 2004, immigration pressures became stronger, partly due to the concentration of new members in a small geographical region bordering Austria, with very large wage differentials (OECD, 2009a). The 2006 law also makes access to Austrian citizenship more restrictive. Over recent years, there has been a decline in the number of immigrants coming from traditional sending countries, such as Turkey and former Yugoslavia (OECD, 2008a). At the same time, the share of EU citizens, in particular German nationals, in the foreign work force has increased considerably since 1995. Among Austrian provinces, Vienna has by far the largest immigrant population in Austria, with the largest groups coming from Serbia/Montenegro, Turkey, Poland, Germany and Bosnia/Herzegovina (Table 1.1).