The results are similar for water-flow restrictor taps/low-flow showerheads and for water efficient washing machines. The reason for the higher investment in water efficient appliances is clear for those who pay by volume of water consumed. This may indicate greater level of water conservation awareness when there is at least partial cost recovery, even if there are no incentives to reduce consumption. Ownership status always has a positive impact on adoption of water-efficient equipment, and its marginal impact generally exceeds that of the household size and income.