Learning programmes are more successful when all stakeholders are involved, with co-funded models showing strong potential. Consolidation of these capacities helps support investment in new technologies at the local level through the creation of ‘maker spaces’283 and innovation hubs, incubation centres, technology parks and clusters. It has not proved easy to replicate successful apprenticeship systems, such as those in German-speaking countries, in countries that lack the relevant historical and institutional arrangements. Current technological change entails the additional difficulty of identifying the appropriate companies where training should take place.