The events of 11 September made it painfully clear that the political, social, and economic problems of other countries have a direct impact on American national security. While the roots of terrorism are complex, it’s safe to say that the United States was attacked by a criminal organization that in large part has had great success in recruiting new members in nations that offer young men little political voice and limited economic opportunity.1 Even before the smoke had settled from the 11 September attacks in New York and Washington, DC, US Trade Representative Robert Zoellick launched a series of speeches arguing that global trade liberalization was a central plank of the counteroffensive against terrorism. In a thoughtful essay, “Countering Terror with Trade,” Zoellick’s main premise was as follows: