This means that, in general, the share of students expecting a teaching career is larger than the share of working-age people who are teaching today. At this early stage of career orientation, however, it cannot be concluded that there is a general lack of candidates for a career in teaching. In fact, teaching, like healthcare, enjoys a clear advantage over other occupations: all 15-year-olds know that teaching exists, and they all have had some contact with teachers and have at least an approximate idea of what they do and of their working conditions. Furthermore, in many countries, students who expect to work as teachers have lower mathematics and reading scores in PISA than students who expect to work in other professions that, like teaching, require at least a university degree.