This fell to about one in five workers in 2012, according to The Employment Bureau of Africa (TEBA), an employment agency. With the adoption of the Refugee Act of 1998, which entered into force in 2000, asylum in South Africa was formalised, and throughout the 2000s applications have increased rapidly. Part of this increase is due to the fact that asylum seekers had full access to education and employment, and asylum procedures risked serving as a back door into the labour market.