Every year, excess female mortality after birth and ‘missing girls’ at birth account for an estimated 3.9 million women below the age of 60, about two-fifths of whom are never born, one-fifth goes missing in infancy and childhood, and the remaining two-fifths die between the ages of 15 and 59 (World Bank, 2012). Figure 3.2 shows missing women in Africa by sub-region. Africa, as a whole, is one of the biggest contributors to the global population of missing women, and its numbers are increasing. This could even be more challenging in the years ahead given the high fertility rates in sub-Saharan Africa: 5.1 percent in 2011 compared to 2.5 percent for the world (UNFPA, 2012).