The percentage exceeds 90% in cities in other Latin American countries (see World Bank, 2013). Programmes for the expansion of meters have been implemented. Between 2007 and 2012, SACMEX increased the number of working meters from less than 600 000 to 1 253 626, but a significant shortfall remains, of about 25% of users, who mostly pay a fixed consumption fee.31 A further advantage of having a meter installed is that awareness of actual consumption is raised. This can create a measurable impact on water demand by itself (Grafton et al.,