By 2010, 93% of homes were built with durable walls and 85% with durable roofs, up from 78% and 64%, respectively, in 1990. In this respect, Mexico’s experience parallels that of Chile, which managed over several decades to reduce dramatically the quantitative housing shortage and to address significant quality gaps. The activities of these two institutions, funded through a compulsory 5% payroll tax, include both housing finance and complementary retirement income (see Box 0.1 which provides a special policy focus on pensions). The rapid expansion of housing finance, led by INFONAVIT and facilitated by public policies aiming to expand access to formal housing, enabled the country’s transition from informal to formal housing on a grand scale.