Temporary workers are worse off in terms of many aspects of job quality. They tend to receive less training and, in addition, have more job strain and have less job security than workers in standard jobs. Earnings levels are also lower in terms of annual and hourly wages. Evidence shows that temporary workers in OECD countries face a wage penalty, even after controlling for observable individual, family and work characteristics (OECD, 2015a). On average, a temporary contract worker receives an hourly wage that is 11% lower for men than their counterparts in standard jobs (13% lower for women). The under-investment in human capital associated with short-term contracts can give rise to lower wages for temporary workers.