There is therefore a possibility that both losses and gains from the reform have been overestimated. In any case, cities that are financially worse off than Seoul or struggle with financial uncertainty may be advised to explore alternative models, such as introducing a tendering scheme for new and discarded routes, with the possibility to expand public ownership in the future. At the moment, in an attempt to further support the reforms carried out by city governments, the Korean government is initiating efforts to improve the transparency of bus operating systems.