For instance, the Standing Committee on Finance under the UNFCCC estimates that the global total climate finance, which includes public and private financial resources devoted to addressing climate change, ranged from USD 340-650 billion in 2014 in all countries (UNFCCC, 2016). The finance needed to achieve the mitigation and adaptation goals of the Paris Agreement, however, is much larger. For example, the International Energy Agency (IEA) estimates the costs of the full implementation of climate pledges expressed in the intended nationally determined contributions (INDCs) by 150 countries.