Cooperation could include generating data and comparable metrics, achieving cncrgy-cfficicncy targets, enforcing industrial energy-efficiency targets and standards through international value chains, conducting joint R&D, building capacity, disseminating industrial energy-efficiency technologies and facilitating access to international finance. Cooperation would have to take place under the highest canons of ethics and corporate social responsibility to be credible, legitimate and effective. This would involve working not only on the scientific basis of targets and monitoring criteria but also with governments and the private sector to ensure that targets and standards are realistic and achievable.