Taking average income as the benchmark point, the analysis focuses on the lower-half of the income distribution, i.e. moving progressively from median to bottom incomes. This is consistent with a Rawlsian approach to social welfare, which puts relatively stronger weight on the lower end of the distribution. It investigates the extent to which structural policies have differential long-run impacts on GDP per capita and household incomes at different points of the distribution. Relying on this assessment, different countries may implement different policy reforms, depending on various factors such as societal preferences and aversion to inequality, but also short-term budgetary and or political constraints.