There is a multidisciplinary academic subfield that has been quietly gaining momentum? transparency. Transparency is not just the latest buzzword, it is also a subject that has garnered serious academic attention. Anthropology, business administra tion, economics, geography, journalism, law, political science, public administration, public policy, and soci ology scholars all have turned their attention to this topic. They have focused on openness and secrecy in public organizations, private organizations, public private partnerships, quasi-public organizations, and multinational organizations. Public administration topics that fall under the umbrella of transparency include freedom of information laws, whistle-blowing, open meetings, secret military budgets, e-governance, public archives, and performance reporting.