The National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) in the United Kingdom and the Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care (IqWiG) in Germany are two technology assessment agencies that advise decision makers on reimbursement and formulary placement policies based on available clinical and economic evidence. Many countries are engaged in comparative effectiveness research and much of the work centers around people with multiple chronic conditions. Comparative effectiveness research offers tremendous potential to provide evidence for people with multiple chronic conditions.