The initiative aims to transform the country into a middle-income economy by 2025, without increasing net greenhouse gas emissions and while protecting itself against the negative impacts of climate change. This case study brings together the lessons from Ethiopia's experience to date. It discusses the links between climate and socio-economic development in Ethiopia, analyses the key enabling factors, and examines the entry points for building resilience in selected policy areas, focusing on the agricultural sector and macroeconomic management. If Ethiopia is to achieve its goal of becoming a middle-income country by 2025, building resilience to current and future climate impacts will be vital.