Changes in existing processes can only be considered R&D if new methods are applied to improve current processes. While always being closely linked to the System of National Accounts (SNA), the 2008 revision of the SNA adopted the Frascati definitions and derived data to change the treatment of R&D from being intermediate consumption to investments. This change had implications on the calculation of GDP as R&D would be considered production. The re-classification resulted in an increase in GDP by on average 2.2 percentage points in OECD countries. (