Canada has earned a reputation as a nation with a high rate of criminal prosecutions of people with HIV who fail to disclose their HIV positive status to sexual partners. On 5 October the Canadian Supreme Court announced new appeals judgments that will continue to allow the criminalisation of non-disclosure of HIV status.   A coalition of HIV and AIDS advocacy groups in Canada quickly condemned the Supreme Court’s judgments as “unjust,” a “major step backwards for public health and human rights,” and “a cold endorsement of AIDS-phobia.”1  Canada has no specific law requiring someone who has tested positive for HIV to reveal their condition to sexual partners. However, prosecution lawyers have successfully used …