The frameworks differ in their geographic focus, the intervention level, and the policy or programmatic orientation (Bours, McGinn and Pringle, 2013). To various degrees, the frameworks embody a theory of what successful adaptation entails and steps that can inform an assessment of whether agreed objectives have been achieved. Dedicated green and climate funds (e.g. the Adaptation Fund [2011], the Global Environmental Facility [2012], and the Climate Investment Funds [2012]) have also formulated monitoring and evaluation frameworks to assess the impact of their portfolio of activities.