Governments need to target their scarce resources at mobilising large-scale private sector investment and at activities unlikely to attract sufficient private funding. But banks are not the only source of financing -the low-carbon transition can mobilise new sources of capital and new financial instruments. The total assets held by financial institutions - banks, institutional investors, central banks and public financial institutions -have been steadily increasing over the past ten years, amounting to around USD 305 trillion (FSB, 2013, see Figure 2.2).