Beevers traces the evolution of peacebuilding since the late 1990s. The chapter reviews the early years of peacebuilding that were narrowly conceived and marked by failures, and the second generation of peacebuilding characterized by broadened objectives and a growing number of international actors involved in operations. It highlights the underlying logics of peacebuilding that include democratization, market-oriented economic reforms and statebuilding. Beevers explains that to understand natural resource governance in the aftermath of conflict, it is important to understand the peacebuilding milieu within which it is set and how it is shaped by the overarching peacebuilding agenda.