Through comprehensive contracts that specify the production process, they ensure other product characteristics (e.g. related to food safety, retailer specification, or exigencies of particular overseas markets) that enable these sectors to maintain existing markets or to penetrate new ones. Co-operatives in these sectors go further than just managing member’s market risks but through technology transfer and investment also address farmers’ production and financial risks. In other sectors, such as pipfruit, co-operatives co-exist with other companies which also offer primary producers contracts that address various risks.