However, the analysis presented here is mainly concerned with the short-term effects of CTs. The income effect suggests that if leisure is a normal good, labour supply will drop when household income increases. In the emerging economies, where benefit levels are fairly low in comparison with those in the OECD countries, the expected impact on labour supply is likely to be small.44 In addition, CT programme beneficiaries in emerging economies are generally very poor and the income elasticity of leisure is likely to be low.