He devoted specific attention to violations of reproductive rights. He explains that "forced sterilization is an act of violence, a form of social control, and a violation of the right to be free from torture and other cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment or punishment." He called on States to "safeguard free and informed consent on an equal basis for all individuals without any exception, through legal framework and judicial and administrative mechanisms, including through policies and practices to protect against abuses." He recommended that States "ensure that women have access to emergency medical care, including post-abortion care, without fear of criminal penalties or reprisals."