In particular, climate change risk and vulnerability assessments are widely used to monitor if the identified risks change over time (e.g. Kenya, Morocco, Germany and the UK). Kenya’s climate change action plan outlines a comprehensive list of potential and priority mitigation and adaptation needs (Republic of Kenya, 2012b). The complementary National Performance and Benefit Measurement Framework (NPBMF), referred to as the MRV+ system, tracks both mitigation and adaptation actions and the synergies between the two.