This reform package includes the formation of an effective state apparatus, ensuring the rule of law, facilitating industrialisation and economic growth, developing national identity and unity, and enhancing government accountability. However, Kazakhstan cannot enjoy its full economic and social development if the strategy does not acknowledge and enhance the role of urban centres. The experience of OECD countries shows that no country has become rich and developed without successful cities (OECD, 2015a). Cities are the engine of economic development, and their productivity and sustainability is at the core of their success.