Abstract Given the relative lack of research on sustainable development in Northern Ireland, this paper focuses on the tensions between environmental governance and regulation on the one hand, and the ‘post‐conflict’ imperative for Northern Ireland to compete and grow as a regional economy without continued British state subvention and subsidisation. The paper outlines how this ‘trade‐off’ between ‘environment’ and ‘economy’ is essentially misplaced. It argues that this trade‐off can be avoided if there is a shift in focus from an ‘environment versus the economy’ policy position to one in which the ‘triple bottom line’ (social, economic and environmental) of sustainable development becomes the over‐arching policy agenda. Sustainable development, unlike either orthodox environmental or economic policy, also connects centrally with the unique ‘post‐conflict transformation’ agenda of Northern Ireland. For example, promoting a human rights civic culture, tackling socio‐economic inequality and social exclusion...