For example, farm labour may be easier to motivate and supervise, while smallholders may have important local knowledge and may be more adept at managing some forms of risk. On the other hand, there are important economies of scale beyond the farm in areas such as procuring inputs, obtaining information on markets and technical farming issues, in meeting standards and certifying production, and in transacting with large scale buyers from processors and supermarkets, with their exacting demands (Wiggins, 2009). Small farms may be technically and allocatively efficient, given the existing level of development, but economies of scale beyond the farm gate are likely become more apparent as the economy develops. In much of Africa, only a minority of farms produces a marketed surplus.