As result, the vast majority of the urban housing stock is now in private hands: in 2014, only 3.2% of the housing stock was in public ownership.22 Moreover, while the public housing stock has been fairly stable since 2004, the private sector accounted for almost all the growth in the urban housing stock between 2004 and 2014 (an increase of 38%). The public housing stock accounts for less than 4% of the overall housing stock in almost all large cities, including Astana and Almaty City, except in Rudnij and Pavlodar. According to Kazakhstan’s law on individual housing construction and the Land Code,23 every citizen has the right to receive a land plot for individual construction purposes.