In this sense, it is an effective way of improving the efficacy and quality of the service that primary care practitioners are already providing. Furthermore, given this, introducing primary care-based CBT or talking-therapy equivalents is likely to be cost-saving relative to introducing stand-alone programmes, increasing reimbursements of non-primary care practitioner provided therapies (especially where alternative practitioners are private), or investing in capacity building for the delivery of psychological therapies. In particular, in countries with weak primary care systems and where there are high levels of stigma around mental illness, introducing CBT to primaiy care is not likely to be the most efficient use of resources.