Brazil went from being the lowest performing country in 2000 to being one of the 3 fastest improving countries over the past decade, although in comparison to other countries levels continue to be low. This is despite the fact that more students from less privileged backgrounds have been included in the education system and the aptitude tests. Slightly over 20% of the poor household whose household head had less than primary education exited poverty between 2003 and 2011, compared to 50% of households whose head had completed primary education (Fruttero et al.,