Centralised decision making, they argued, makes it difficult to (i) use public funding to support tailor-made training solutions, and (ii) for local providers to adjust their staff and financial resources to respond quickly and adequately to demand. In this chapter, the levels, sources and uses of adult-leaming funding are discussed, as they all contribute to shaping the adult-leaming system and its outcomes. The way funding is used, for example the level of targeting governments adopt, and the mechanisms through which it is distributed, can influence the performance of the system, and participation rates in particular (Desjardins, 2017jij, OECD, 2017,2]). However, according to some stakeholders, employer-sponsored training tends to be of little relevance to firms’ productivity and to the employability of workers.