There are concerns that this number will decline further in the years to come following the country’s entry into the EU in 2013, which creates opportunities to move at a time when there is a lack of employment in Croatia. There is also a perceived shortage of physicians, especially in primary care, and shortages are observed in rural areas and on the country’s islands (see Section 5.2). There are a number of national public health programmes, including a mandatory vaccination programme, but a lack of action in tobacco control, as evidenced by high levels of smoking among adults and adolescents (see Section 3).