Inequality is represented by the size of the circles," which correspond to Gini indices (the larger the circle, the more inequality). Their core (upper part of the northeast quadrant) comprises primarily the Scandinavian countries, which have the highest levels of equality, associated with complex production structures, and an institutional framework that limits the concentrating effects of the market and strongly redefines its outcomes. Scandinavian productivity is similar to that of the United States and Ireland and higher than in Canada and Australia, but the Scandinavian countries have a higher rate of social spending, as a percentage of GDP, than the English-speaking countries in the sample, and have achieved better equality outcomes. The institutional framework and society's decisions about how much inequality it is willing to tolerate matter and leave a clear mark on the patterns of inequality for similar levels of knowledge-intensiveness in the production structure.