Oil demand will grow from 85 million barrels a day in 2008 to about 105 mb/d in 2030, demand for coal, a highly polluting source of energy, will grow to 7000 Mtce between 2007 and 2030, the world will need additional power-generation capacity of about 4800 GW of electricity by 2030. C02 emissions today are almost 40% higher than they were in 1990 - the Kyoto base year - and since 2000 have been growing at over 3% per year. Global extraction of metal ores -iron ore, bauxite, copper and nickel - is now rising faster than world GDP.