Electricity grids in the Pacific will need to be strongly interconnected, flexible enough to accommodate this change, and resilient enough to withstand climate impacts, as well as cope with potential demand growth from growing populations and growing electric vehicle use. Commonwealth Pacific small states are more dependent on the fossil fuels used in cars, trucks and boats than for generating electricity, and more cost-effective displacement of fossil fuel can occur through energy efficiency. However, the attention and funding of development partners is not always directed accordingly to these areas. Moreover, although this is improving, consumers generally lack awareness on how they can reduce their energy consumption or be more energy efficient. The International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) estimates that deploying renewables worldwide on the scale necessary to limit global temperature rise below 2 degrees would require current investment to double by 2020, and triple by 2030 to around US$900 billion annually (IRENA 2016b).