The effect is much higher in urban areas where the share of household employment is only 14% and the share of agriculture is very low relatively to other sectors. While back in 1987 being married had an insignificant impact on participation, in 2012 this effect was negative and close to 8pp. In urban areas this effect doubled between 1987 and 2012 and is continuously much higher relatively to rural areas. To avoid endogeneity, shares are constructed based on male shares of sectoral employment.