In relation to this, the innovation pathways provide a discussion and development framework through which stakeholders at and between different sectoral, national, regional and international levels can envision and engage in building innovation resilience of small states for the Caribbean 2050. Within the (Anglophone) Caribbean, and from an economic perspective, small states are clustered according to two general dimensions, i.e., their economic base (production orientation) and their economic income (as measured by gross national income per capita). Guyana and Trinidad and Tobago are (horizontally) classified as commodity-based economies (predominantly natural products including oil/gas, minerals/mining and agriculture).