In this chapter, a brief overview of the Croatian antiterrorism legal framework – relevant substantive and procedural criminal law provisions, as well as the assessment of its compliance with ratified antiterrorist international treaties – is presented. Special attention is given to considerations concerning the implementation of article 5 of the Council of Europe Convention on the Prevention of Terrorism. The Republic of Croatia has ratified this Convention and is bound by its provisions after 1 May 2008. In this respect, the author is of the opinion that the drafting of a criminal offence of public provocation to commit terrorism-related criminal offences in domestic substantive criminal law should not be treated as a purely technical issue but as a major challenge in searching for appropriate balance in efficient suppression of terrorism while preserving human rights.