This chapter highlights the need for effective policy mixes to address the multiple and sometimes cumulative pressures on marine biodiversity. It provides a framework for designing and evaluating policy mixes. The role of marine spatial planning, and other instruments, such as fish catch regulations and water pollution control measures, are discussed. As highlighted in Chapter 1, the pressures on marine biodiversity are multiple, and stem from different actors (public and private), sectors, and occur at different geographical scales (Table 5.1).