Through analysis of the Organisation for Economic Co-ordination and Development (OECD)’s recommendations to reform Nordic public and economic policy, this article seeks to assess the OECD’s influence on Nordic politics. OECD recommendations are placed at the juncture of internationally acknowledged ideas and national traditions – thus being potentially useful for national policy-makers trying to deal with this tension. During the post-war period the Nordic countries found an original combination of international ideas and national traditions, involving a combination of economic efficiency and social equality. The OECD acknowledges this tradition in various ways but seeks to reform Nordic public policy according to a different, and in many ways opposing logic. OECD recommendations for Nordic countries typically include lower income taxes, lower levels of social security benefits, individual level wage setting, more relaxed employment protection legislation, an increase of the labour supply and a balanced b...