But even in the case of these programmes, sanctions are rarely enforced. Monitoring and enforcement of sanctions increase the cost of the programme and can have adverse effects on participation in the programmes for the poorest individuals, in particular for those in poor remote areas, for whom transportation cost can be high. Interestingly, there is evidence that mild verification and less-than-perfect enforcement could still work as even the announcement of conditionalities in a CT programme may induce participants to comply (Grosh et al, 2008).