The objective of this article is to analyze the human rights of children in acritical perspective, since the simple affirmation of the rights of the child bothin the international field and at the national level has not proved sufficient forthe realization of human and fundamental rights. To this end, a study of thereport of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child of October 2015 wascarried out, which presented numerous violations of children's rights, especiallyof afro-Brazilian, indigenous, disabled and gendered children in Brazil.The inductive method was adopted with documental and bibliographic research.It was verified that it is necessary to establish a new paradigm of human rights,extending to the rights of children and adolescents, as a milestone in theparadigm of integral protection, considering the historical, sociological andcultural context of the peripheral societies and the recognition of the subjectand their guarantees fundamental rights.