The clause is also subject to some additional rules, such as the principle of neutrality for labour disputes. The clause was first established for communes through the municipal law of 1884 and later extended to other subnational governments in 1982. It has been critiqued as leading to competition between subnational governments and to duplication across responsibilities in some cases (Balladur Committee, 2009). The counter argument to this point is generally that subnational governments have a Constitutional right to “free administration” and that any negation of the clause would undermine that right.