Taxes and tradable permit systems that result in increasing costs over time can help smooth the transition, whereas environmental regulations based on enforcing absolute standards at individual plant level can lead to economic dislocations for those plants. Some technologies (such as the potential to retrofit end-of-pipe environmental cleanup technologies, or the ability to switch to lower-emitting fuels) can help reduce the degree to which assets may become stranded by increasing the plant’s flexibility to operate under different regulatory conditions. Some plants are also inherently more flexible than others - for example, some coal-fired power generation plant may be more readily adapted than others to run with a fraction of biomass energy and/or have carbon capture and storage plant retrofitted at a later date once the economics become favourable.