Introduced in 2003, it is a compensation programme whereby developers causing biodiversity loss in forested areas are charged an in-lieu fee which is paid into the Mexican Forest Fund, managed by the National Forestry Commission. The fees are then used by the commission to carry out the compensatory restoration activities. This chapter reviews the design and implementation features of the Compensation for Land-Use Change in Forested Areas Program. It discusses the key reforms to the programme over its ten years of implementation, the lessons learned and concludes with a discussion of the challenges and opportunities that exist for the future of the programme.