One interesting extension of this exercise consists in checking whether the strength of the link between inequality and educational attainments varies with countries’ institutional characteristics or policy setting. This could help shed light on the potential role of policies in offsetting the adverse long-run consequences of widening inequality. The characteristics of education systems and the effectiveness of educational expenditure in levelling the playing field would be examples for capturing such policies. One would expect that the both the degree of intergenerational persistence in education (i.e. the distances between average attainments of High, Medium and Poor PEB individuals) and their sensitivity to inequality to be lower in countries with low costs education (i.e. those with low tuition fees and/or high scholarships availability).