Flooding, drought, wildfires, insect infestations and disease will increase. Crop productivity is projected to increase slightly at mid- to high latitudes. At lower latitudes, especially in seasonally dry and tropical regions, crop productivity is projected to decrease for even small local temperature increases (1 to 2°C), which would increase the risk of hunger (medium confidence). In coastal zones, there will be increased coastal erosion due to climate change and sea level rise. Increasing human-induced pressures on coastal areas will exacerbate this effect (very high confidence).