Participation requires the elimination of power differentials by challenging systemic inequalities. Thus, participation, as part of the four-dimensional substantive equality framework, requi res similar attention to the other dimensions -red ressing disadvantage, addressing stigma, prejudice and stereotyping, and transformation - because without these, inequality persists and full participation cannot occur. Particular attention must be paid to the underlying gender relations of the groups or individuals involved. States should take into account the different experiences of women and men and gender power relations in the community.