Other key policy areas requiring heightened attention include: integrating the mining sector’s energy needs into long-term national policies, ensuring the existence of adequate energy infrastructure, reforming fossil fuel subsidies, and providing support to bridging remaining risk gaps for continued technological advancement and innovation. It is equally crucial that the need for low-emission energy transition is clearly recognised in mining companies’ business strategies that will guide their performance in the coming decades. This will ensure they remain coherent with the changing international policy landscape and the global energy transition priorities, as envisaged by the Paris Agreement and the 2030 Agenda.