While the Paris Agreement in itself will not have a significant impact on halting climate change, it can be successful if it contributes to changing behaviour among states and non-state actors by providing an infrastructure, signal and a direction for ramping up climate action and political commitments to decarbonisation. As Christoff (2016) observes, the Paris Agreement is a promissory note where we cannot yet ascertain progress. The next section outlines some structural features of climate change as a collective action problem that generates challenges of enforcement and thereby insufficient policy response to prevent global warming.