The inconsistency in results for the different measures of GVC participation leads us to believe that further distinctions of integrated border management need to be explored. Indeed, the coordination of delivery times and multiple inputs into production at specific stages does require effective performance and coordination by a wider range of agencies than we are able to capture at the moment. The eleven indicators are composed of approximately one hundred variables and are consistent with the families of articles covered in the recently adopted WTO Trade Facilitation Agreement.