The surveys do not make the distinction as to whether the scholarships are of public or private origin or whether they correspond to merit-based rewards, furthermore, they tend to be of a non-transferable nature. This includes all monetary transfers by civil society organizations, in particular religious institutions and national and foreign non-governmental organizations. It was not possible to separate them in all cases from gifts by private households. These include monetary transfers in the context of public social programmes and subsidies, some of which involve not a real transfer but a reduction in the cost of access to public services.