The shortage of land for settlement in urban areas exacerbates existing inequities between men and women, ethnic clashes and efforts by governments to have customary land titled and leased. There are also populations for whom complete resettlement in a new or foreign land is a reality due to rising sea levels. They carried with them a colonial legacy of deeply embedded social problems including high levels of inequality in incomes and of opportunity, including gender inequality, and high rates of unemployment and of rural and urban poverty (UNDP 2012).