Bachelet's leadership and commitment to advancing gender equality were crucial to the success of the reform process. This shift had a particularly adverse impact on women's pension entitlements.109 Minimum pensions for those with limited individual savings required long contributory records (20 years), reducing women's access to these benefits, while non-contributory pensions were low and tightly targeted. By the mid-2000s, only 55 per cent of women over 65 years of age were in receipt of an old-age pension compared to 71 per cent of men.