This chapter explores the theoretical framework of global governance and UN implementation of related principles through the mediums of peacekeeping and peacebuilding operations. Measurements of the success of such operations introduced in this chapter include legality, legitimacy, and efficacy/effectiveness. Legality is presented from the perspective of both ‘positive’ international law, and the prescriptions of customary law. Legitimacy is examined in terms of international recognition, local ownership, and human-centred good governance. Efficacy is defined with regard to the stated goals of UN operations and how well they provide for the human security of all, but especially the most vulnerable. East Asian perspectives and conditions are also counterposed to the universal aspirations of the UN and liberal peacekeeping and peacebuilding. It concludes with a chapter overview.