This report addresses the question of how that bill is divided between the public sector and individuals or firms. Forms of public-private collaboration, such as those inherent in technical and vocational training (TVET) systems, are likely to be instrumental in ensuring that workers get the right skills for the job. Such collaboration has been successful in countries such as Germany and Switzerland, but it has not always been easy to replicate elsewhere. There is uncertainty over whether they will be able to do so in the future.