Clearly, more evaluation of the impacts of pre-trial conciliation in labour law cases is needed. Mandatory conciliation is unlikely to be constructive if parties are particularly hostile, but mandating an initial conciliation meeting at least provides an opportunity for parties to meet outside court in a non-adversarial environment and may add pressure to resolve disputes amicably. Zack (2006) argues that maintaining confidentiality (by not reporting back to the court on what is said during conciliation) is important to encourage frankness. To this end, having the same judge presiding over conciliation and trial proceedings is less preferable than maintaining a separate conciliation service, either within or external to the court, or at the least having different judges preside over conciliation and the trial.