At the time of writing there were only five qualified plumbers in Tonga, not only is it hard to get access to them but they have no time to be tutors in plumbing at the Tonga Institute of Science and Technology. Here too, migration and attrition are combined. In Samoa, 52 teachers left the service in three and a half years between 2000 and 2005, eroding the quality of curriculum delivery (Afamasaga 2006). Tonga was losing teachers at a similar rate.