Land-use policy must be applied across the entire BMA, as risks are also incurred by a lack of inter-governmental co-ordination on hazard mitigation planning. Although a general master plan for the BMA has been prepared by the provincial government, no effective land-use plan has been set up. The delivery of building permits in different local government areas in north of Bandung, for example, is at cross purposes with hazard reduction efforts at a metropolitan scale (Hudalah et al., The BMA should draw up a metropolitan spatial land use plan binding the local governments. The formation of the metropolitan institution will be a good opportunity to advance this idea (see Chapter 4). Up to now, the BMA has not prepared and disclosed natural hazard maps, implying that the BMA is by and large underprepared.