Despite significant income convergence that has taken place since the 1990s, convergence has been arguably slower in education, health and other measures of human development. Figure A shows that the literacy rate is significantly lower in Cambodia and the Lao Peoples’ Democratic Republic, at less than 75%. Public spending on education is lower in CLMV, particularly in Myanmar where it accounts for less than 1% of GDP. There is significant variation, however, Viet Nam spends more than 5%, the highest share only next to Malaysia.