Energy footprints were calculated using the Eora global, multi-regional input-output (MRIO) framework developed by the University of Sydney36 and the same data sources for direct total primary energy supply (TPES) used in Section 2.2 . More detail on the treatment of the raw data to produce energy footprints is in Section 6.2 Energy footprint of consumption. The energy footprint for each country between 1990 and 2010 was divided by the time series of GDP in constant $ at 200537, to calculate the energy intensity in megajouless per $. In contrast, the general result for energy intensity per GDP (in S 2005) is one of decreasing energy footprint intensity (see Figure 84).