Apprentices - who have to be aged between 16 and 25 years old or unemployed, earn a percentage of the minimum wage for their work, based on their previous qualification and their age. Depending on the programme, apprentices alternate between academic and vocational courses and work-based training. Enterprises offering apprenticeships receive tax credits and social security exemptions (Ministere de l’Education Nationale/Ministere de l’Enseignement Superieur et de la Recherche, 2013). Postsecondary apprenticeships have grown in popularity: in 2011-12, one-third of all apprentices were at the post-secondary level - more than 120 000 students, whereas that level represented less than 5% of apprentices in 1995-96 (RERS, 2013).