Some initiatives focus on ICT adoption and use with a view to addressing specific social challenges such as climate change and aging societies. Besides national digital economy strategies, many countries have also developed national science, technology and innovation (STl) strategies, including new industrial policies, (regional) cluster policies and smart specialisation strategies, in which digital innovation is a key element. Many national digital and STI strategies still poorly support the complementarities between investments in ICTs and KBCs (in particular organisational change), and the difficulties that established firms face in investing in complementary KBCs. Also, better co-ordination between ICT-related policies with policies affecting the broader regulatory frameworks and market conditions is needed, in particular in ICT-using sectors of public policy interest such as energy, healthcare and transport.