Low revenue from forestry and closures of local mills have exacerbated these problems. This issue affects many parts of the region, but especially the large forest areas of ECE West and East, where climate and geography exacerbate the problem. Possible remedies include infrastructure development (transport, communication), targeted subsidies to communities or local industries for job creation, support to small and medium size enterprises, vocational training and other adapted measures, entrepreneurship. Above all, the forest and forest industries should be managed with the interests of the local communities in mind, and structural changes, when necessary, should be managed gradually and humanely.