A number of factors have resulted in great structural changes in the food web of the Black Sea: climate change, natural annual fluctuations, anthropogenic impacts including changes in river discharge quality resulting in a rise in eutrophication and pollution, overfishing, and the accidental introduction of exotic species from aquaculture projects. The highest negative impact is caused by comb jellies. Since 2010, no achievement can be reported, this is a topic where there is a lack of data and financial and capacity-building needs.