However, two respondents pointed to promising results from the lung cancer programme, which indicated that genomic analysis of tumours was likely to prove beneficial in guiding therapy, while one observed that a personalised medicine approach was already being implemented in a number of areas including treatment of HIV and prescription of anticoagulants and tamoxifen. The benefits that respondents expected to accrue from such work include improved safety and efficacy through genomic stratification, leading to reduction in healthcare costs, with the expectation that innovation in healthcare should ultimately be cost-neutral. In addition, one respondent suggested that work in stratified medicine was driven by political expectations that leadership in healthcare innovation would help to bring with it national economic development and growth. Other drivers mentioned by respondents included the role of researchers, the availability of new biobanking and genome screening technologies, and the political power of patient organisations.