This chapter places the fundamental principles of civil justice under four headings: (1) regulating access to court and to justice, (2) ensuring the fairness of process as a shared responsibility of the court and the parties, (3) maintaining a speedy and efficient process, and (4) achieving just outcomes. It shows how Article 6(1) of the European Convention on Human Rights, now directly applicable in English courts through the Human Rights Act 1998, has contributed to the development of these principles. Among topics covered are: the duty to give a reasoned judgment, abolition of the House of Lords (Judicial) and the creation of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom. There is also consideration of the ALI/UNIDROIT Principles of Transnational Civil Procedure (2006).