Many developing countries seem to be taking a similar approach, outlining the overarching objectives (e.g. Kenya, Mozambique, Nepal) or sectoral action plans (e.g. the Philippines, see Chapter 5). Without clear and actionable targets, it can be difficult to track progress and to evaluate the attribution of a national approach to adaptation. A review of monitoring and evaluation approaches of poverty reduction strategies found that “specifying clear targets, for which data are available, and identifying intermediate indicators remains particularly challenging” (IMF and World Bank, 2005).