Similarly, other relevant legal instruments do not explicitly address biodiversity, but are directed at physical components such as land and water for human use, which are usually not associated with the functionality of biodiversity in the provision of human needs. Such actions could include government programmes for protecting ecosystems and their biodiversity, or mechanisms for granting “endangered” legal status to threatened species, ecosystems and their services, all within the framework of a consolidated and comprehensive national biodiversity policy (MoEP, 2008, 2009, 2010a). The decade-long efforts to develop the NBS were largely concerned with acknowledging these limitations and developing a new policy framework so that they could be addressed. The national parks legislation created mechanisms for the establishment of both nature reserves and national parks and for listing protected natural assets.