In July 2007, the earthquake at Kashiwasaki Kariwa caused the shutdown of seven power plants, BWR and ABWR, two units resumed operations in 2009 and two in 2010. Also, in March 2011, the earthquake and tsunami caused the permanent shutdown of four units at the nuclear site of Fukushima Daiichi and the temporary shutdown of several nuclear power plants in Japan. In Europe, two BWRs were shut down in Germany in 2008 and 2009. More recently, following the Fukushima Daiichi accident, eight units have been permanently shut down in Germany.