Such differences are well-documented in reports of the Nordic Council, Nordregio and the Oresund Institute, for example. While innovation, best practice governance and energy were among the major themes envisioned for collaboration, the one that received the most attention was the possibility of building a high-speed rail (HSR) connection between Oslo and Berlin. In 2007, politicians from all participating cities - Berlin, Copenhagen, Malmo, Helsingborg, Gothenburg and Oslo - signed the COINCO Charter, which marked the end of the first Interreg project. The responsibility to continue the process was handed over to the city of Oslo, and further on to the region’s public development agency, Oslo Teknopol IKS.