Furthermore, parents are generally unaware of the extent of knowledge imparted to adolescents, and given no culturally sanctioned opportunity to fill in the gaps. Research in the Nyanza province of western Kenya, where adolescent reproductive health indicators are very poor, found increased sexual activity amongst adolescents who sleep in a different home to the household head. Shona adults in Zimbabwe reportedly believe that children are sexually inactive, disinterested and therefore ignorant about sexual issues, and that talking about sex will encourage experimentation - two lines of thinking that reinforce the taboo on talking about sex (Francis-Chizororo, 2010). The grandmothers and elderly women who guide girls through menarche and initiation in Malawi tend to use euphemisms rather than explicit language, resulting in girls being partially informed of dangers associated with sex but uncertain howto negotiate safe sex (Munthali, 2007). Similarly, boys are taught little about sexuality during initiation. Researchers suggest that the enduring popularity of these rituals presents opportunities to promote abstinence and condom use (ibid.),