The risk of contamination of water supplies will also increase in response to reduced dilution of upstream pollution and potential increases in water-related disease outbreaks, harmful algal blooms and other health effects. Wastewater reuse will increasingly be a cost-effective alternative of conventional water supply. Soil shrinking due to reduced soil water content may induce cracking of water mains and sewer pipes, making them vulnerable to infiltration and exfiltration of water and wastewater. The combined effects of warmer temperatures, increased pollutant concentrations, longer retention times, and sedimentation of solids may lead to increasing corrosion of sewers, shorter asset lifetimes, increased risk of drinking water pollution, and higher maintenance costs (IPCC, 2014b).