In most countries, women-owned enterprises are over-represented in the smallest size class. Table IV.A1.1 provides evidence on the magnitude of the performance gaps across the 21 OECD economies with available data. Column 1 presents results from a linear regression of the natural logarithm of value added per employee (a commonly used proxy measure for productivity) on a binary variable indicating female-ownership and country-fixed effects. It shows a productivity shortfall by women-owned enterprises of around 11%.