Nevertheless the issue of competition between development and climate finance is a contentious and highly political aspect of climate and development financing and leads to continued calls in the UNFCCC negotiations for climate finance to be new and additional to ODA. Given the limitations of an analysis of the data at the global level, further studies are needed at the national level to have an accurate assessment of the situation. The role of international public finance versus other forms of climate finance will be an important consideration in the coming years.