For example, if a given policy reform has a positive income effect which is stronger for poor households compared with the average, this implies that this policy reform is associated with a reduction in income inequality. The focus on bottom-sensitive income standards implies that this paper emphasises the impact of structural reforms on household incomes in the lower-half of the distribution. The analysis focuses on policies and institutions that in the past have been found to boost output growth either directly, or, for most of them, indirectly, that is via, labour productivity (e.g. multi-factor productivity, both at the aggregate level and at the industry-level) and labour utilisation (e.g. participation and unemployment, both at the aggregate level and for population sub-groups). It covers the broad areas of tax policies, labour market and welfare policies and product market regulation (Box 5).