Some research shows that young entrepreneurs in Hanoi rely mostly on informal social networks, such as family and friends, to get financial help to set up or expand a business, because bank loans and other forms of formal credit are difficult to obtain for smaller businesses (Turner and Nguyen, 2005). In such cases, however, kinship ties may oblige entrepreneurs to employ unskilled family members. Mutual trust is established by kinship, which also underpins relationships based on paternalism.