Benin, for example, created a Vocational Skill Certificate (national diploma attesting to the attainment of skilled worker level through a reformed traditional apprenticeship) and the Occupational Skill Certificate (certificate attesting to the completion of an apprenticeship) to recognise the skills acquired through informal apprenticeships. It has also put in place a consultative mechanism involving the National Federation of Craftworkers, local craft workers groups and the relevant ministry to steer the process (AEO, 2008). In many African countries responsibilities for TVSD are scattered across a large range of ministries and agencies and are not integrated with the overall education system.