The year 2008 marked the fifth anniversary of the International Criminal Court (ICC) and the tenth anniversary of the creation of the Rome Statute which provides the legal foundation of the Court. The Statute is groundbreaking in its codification of international criminal law in general and the recognition of the crimes committed against women in times of war and conflict in particular. By criminalizing acts of rape, sexual slavery, and enforced pregnancy amongst others, it constitutes the most advanced articulation ever of gender-based violence under international law. The Statute also embeds a gender equality mandate into the structures and processes of the Court to ensure that women and their rights are considered by the judicial, prosecutorial, and administrative arms of the Court.