They need to cope with the emerging challenge of vulnerability to increased frequency and extreme climate events coupled with sea level rise resulting from global climate change. Such challenges are further exacerbated by their geographical isolation within the region, as well as from their main export markets. The small island states have many islands scattered across a large area under their national jurisdiction, with poor domestic transport infrastructure and communication adding to their challenges. Growing population in most countries and increasing emphasis on consumerism has encouraged a focus on economic development goals, with often cursory regard for their impact on the environment or on social equity. The international call for the protection of key species and their habitats is often at odds with the economic development desired by the people to support their needs and aspirations and encouraged by governments. The Pacific leaders have recognised the need to balance conservation for international good and economic development for the benefit of their citizens.