In the health sectors, basic needs are probably less well satisfied, required activities are not undertaken or are undertaken by less skilled people, especially in more remote areas, and there is a loss of morale among those who have remained, as working conditions deteriorate. Waiting lists and times lengthen and examinations are more cursory, or complicated by new cultural differences. Organisations lose a sense of corporate memory and continuity. Training is constant, and often costly. Because of the necessity for appropriate skilled training, it is more difficult to make substitutions for absent skills in the health workforce (or transfer them from elsewhere in the public service).