Similarly, Korea, Mexico, Portugal and the United States underperform in the treatment of infectious diseases. In practice, however, except for the preliminary data on amenable mortality recently developed at the OECD, comparable cross-country data on outcomes by disease are seldom available.12 Measuring inputs and costs per disease also faces obstacles (Heijink and Renaud, 2009) as the lack of information on ambulatory care practices and pharmaceutical consumption makes it difficult to fully document a care episode. Deriving cross-country efficiency estimates at the disease level, except for a few specific illnesses, is thus currently not possible.