Most notably the health status of Arab-Israelis is poorer than for the rest of the population, as exemplified by their lower average life expectancy (Figure 2.1, Panels A and B). This is in part due to non-medical issues: on average, Arab-Israeli men smoke far more than the rest of the population, and the incidence of obesity is relatively high among Arab-Israeli women (see below). Also, within the Arab population, the Bedouin community raises particular concerns, for instance, infant mortality remains very high (Chernichovsky, 2011). These gaps in health outcomes link to wider socio-economic issues.