One can think of this as a partial substitution of the revenues that would have been received as tariffs, but it takes advantage of the greater administrative capacity of the developed countries, and avoids all of the distortionary and political economy ‘costs’ associated with tariffs. There would be an additional commitment of 5 per cent of all agricultural subsidies and 15 per cent of all arms sales to developing countries, partially reflecting the costs that these impose on developing countries. This is around the quantum of ODA currently labelled Aid for Trade (OECD and WTO 2011). However, under the GTF framework this flow would be more secure, predictable and genuinely additional.