Otherwise put, these countries are doubtless under-urbanised within their national borders, considering the state of their economy. To take account of this factor, the landlocked countries will be given a slightly greater parameter A value, for example A- 0.17, so that the proportion of agricultural population of comparable size is reduced by around one-tenth (Annex B). In Africa, the informal workforce is thought to account lor 78% of non-agricultural employment, 93% of job creation and 61% of urban employment. It covers the capital cities of seven Francophone countries (Abidjan, Bamako, Cotonou, Dakar, Niamey, Lome and Ouagadougou).