There is an urban dimension to this, since broadband Internet access has developed much more quickly in Almaty City than in Astana or other regions (Figure 1.35). Dispersing scarce public funding over a number of specialised sciences or smart cities, or several innovation clusters based in special economic zones (SEZs), may detract from the success of any one city, including Almaty City. The risk is also that the complex layers of priorities and institutions ultimately exceed the capacity of the national and subnational bureaucracies.