The data are collected at the OECD TL2 territorial level, corresponding to NUTS2 regions in Europe and to large administrative subdivisions (e.g. Mexican States) for non-European countries1. First, they complement international assessments of differences across regions in living conditions (OECD, 2013), by providing comparable measures of differences in household incomes and poverty levels between regions. Second, they can support the analysis of the levels and implications of income inequality in each region, by documenting how household income is distributed within regions and how many people are poor relatively to the typical citizen of their region.