This argument is spurious because a middle-income country is in a position to address such poverty from its own national income. If the government of a middle-income country chooses not to redistribute national income it should not expect other societies to address the poverty of its people with their own income. In contrast, in an LDC poverty cannot be solved through redistribution: there is not enough national income to redistribute. The quality of policies and institutions is measured annually by the World Bank and published in its highly influential Country Policy and InstitU' tional Assessment (CPIA).