The consequences of the warming of the planet will continue to challenge the capacity of countries to prevent devastating impacts on people and ecosystems. The persisting inequalities in multiple dimensions have led to recognition that climate hazards have a differential impact on people and communities. It argues that, in the absence of well-assessed, far-reaching transformative policies at the national level, supported by effective global partnerships, building climate resilience will remain elusive and poverty and inequalities will likely be exacerbated. This would pose a fundamental challenge to the implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.