For example, an evaluation of the Canadian Work Sharing Programme shows that about half of the jobs that were initially maintained by the programme were lost soon after its termination (HRDC, 2004). The next sub-section attempts to do so for the operation of STW schemes during the 2008-09 recession. The analysis makes use of quarterly data for the period 2003 Q1 to 2009 Q3 for 19 countries and four industries (manufacturing, construction, distribution and business services). The agricultural and non-market sectors are excluded from the analysis.56 Of the 19 countries included in the analysis, 11 countries operated a short-time work scheme during the entire period, five countries introduced a new scheme during the crisis period and three countries never had a short-time work scheme.