Countries would benefit from taking the necessary steps to move towards instrument choices that are likely to be more effective in the long term. In order to do that, (i) supporting institutions need to be developed, (ii) the pacing and sequencing of reforms, and parallel development of non-trade policies, need to be managed, and (iii) the political economy forces that lead policymakers to favour short-term trade measures need to be contained. These issues are taken up in the OECD project exploring policy responses to risks of transitory food insecurity (OECD, 2014).