In line with the standard discourse, employment in industry increased slightly for Thai-bom workers and considerably for foreign-bom workers, suggesting increasing industrialisation in Thailand’s economy and an important role for immigrant labour in this process. Due to the increased employment opportunities in manufacturing and in other sectors, there has been increased female immigration from abroad as well as heightened rural-urban immigration by foreign-born women rather than foreign-bom men. In general, foreign-bom workers (male and female) tend to be present more in the urban areas of Thailand with the magnitude increasing over time.