Some schemes involved land-related transactions: the commune of Saint-Ivy, France, bought former farming land and converted it to woodland to protect the aquifer, partly because landowners in France cannot impose crop choices on tenants (Barraque et al., In other cases, the schemes involved designing performance contracts: in Santa Cruz County, California, the Resource Conservation District and the Driscoll’s strawberry company piloted a performance-based conservation initiative to monitor and improve groundwater quality, and better manage quantity. The plan includes targets, new monitoring mechanisms and incentive payments for conservation to participating farmers (Levy and Christian-Smith, 2011).