Apart from the weak incentives for land transfer through land market, the prohibition to sub-lease land makes short- and medium-term adjustments in land use outside the land market difficult (Petrick et al., The low mobility of agricultural land is an important impediment to re-allocating agricultural land to more efficient users. The number of active operations20 that emerged from the former collective farms increased from under 5 000 in 1990 to 188 616 in 2012, of which 6 197 were units which maintained their collective organisation in various legal forms, called “agricultural enterprises” (average size just over 8 000 hectares), and 182 419 newly emerged individual farms (average size of 270 hectares).21 The remaining 35 state farms were experimental stations.