Over 3 billion people depend on freshwater, marine and coastal biodiversity for their livelihoods, including many people in developing countries for whom fishing is a main subsistence and commercial activity.4 Overall, it is estimated that 60% of the world’s ecosystems have been degraded over the past 50 years (Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, 2005). With climate change expected to exacerbate existing development pressures, especially in the most vulnerable communities, the impact of biodiversity loss w'ill be even greater in the future. As the global population is projected to increase to 9.7 billion people by 2050 (UNDESA, 2015), with much of this increase expected in developing countries, these pressures are anticipated to rise under a business-as-usual scenario.