It contributes to the policy dialogue on inclusive growth through two key findings. This negative influence appears stronger in low-income countries and seems to affect growth by lowering both female human capital acquisition and labour force participation, as well as total factor productivity. At the same time, it shows that reducing gender-based discrimination in social institutions through the right policy measures could yield substantial economic benefits, leading to an annual increase in the world GDP growth rate of 0.03 to 0.6 percentage points by 2030, depending on the scenario. We hope these findings will make the case for including policies and programmes that directly target discriminatory social institutions in national growth strategies, and as such, help countries identify ways to reach the ambitious targets of gender equality as Sustainable Development Goal 5 captures.