It highlights, in particular, that the impact of the compression effect depends heavily on the time frame under consideration. In the short run, when the structure of electricity systems is fixed, especially high variable cost producers such as gas will decrease market share as a result of lower average prices. In the long run, however, when new investments must be considered, reduced load factors mean that investors have a tendency to turn away from capital-intensive high-fixed cost, low-carbon technologies such as nuclear.12 Eventually there will a trade-off between lower load factors and higher carbon prices.