In the case of paddy, the programme avoided the complexity associated with ascertaining individual loss by using an index system. A committee of county officials establishes the natural disaster conditions and extent of loss based on area wide surveys. Livestock and fishery coverage is based on assessment of individual loss. Payments of subsidies are handled directly by MOF with the insurance company and loss coverage payments are handled directly by insurance company with the insured party (JICA, 2012).