The case has been made for using such schemes on a permanent basis to promote the right to work as a guaranteed entitlement, as in India's NREGS.71 In practice, few existing programmes are national in scope or provide a guaranteed entitlement, though some have become long-term interventions in response to high structural un- and underemployment or chronic food insecurity. This is the case for South Africa's Extended Public Works Programme (EPWP) and, prospectively, Ethiopia's Productive Safety Net Programme (PSNP) (see Box 3.4). Households whose members are unable to work (due to pregnancy, lactation, disability, illness or old age) receive the same transfer without work requirements.