The OECD’s Inventory of Support Measures for Fossil Fuels released in 2015 found that governments in the OECD and the emerging BRIICS countries (Brazil, the Russian Federation, India, Indonesia, the People’s Republic of China and South Africa) collectively support the production and consumption of fossil fuels to the tune of USD 160-200 bln a year. With most of that support coming in the form of budgetary transfers and tax breaks - the OECD inventory identifies about 800 such measures - this effectively means that governments today still spend billions to encourage the extraction and burning of fossil fuels at taxpayers’ expense. Adding in the consumer price subsidies measured by the International Energy Agency (IEA), this makes total subsidies and other forms of support for fossil fuels in the vicinity of USD 500-600 bln a year (OECD, 2015a).