Firstly, donors will need to develop a shared risk analysis, followed by a shared analysis of what makes, or could make, different layers of society resilient to those risks, so as to help prioritise their programming decisions. Next, donors will need to apply resilience building elements to existing and new programming, standalone resilience projects or programmes are probably less useful in the long-term. Donors will also need to take care that resilience building in one layer of society, or in one sector, does not undermine the resilience of another layer or sector.