In general, countries with high PHI financing shares tend to have low levels of out-of-pocket expenditures (OECD, 2004). Poland has some pre-paid schemes designed to overcome barriers in access to specialists, but they amounted to only PLN 2 billion in 2010, compared to PLN 99 billion for total health-care expenditures, PLN 60 billion for public health insurance and PLN 22 billion for out-of-pocket payments. For at least a decade these services have been offered to employees by some employers.