The protection of refugees in situations of mass influx, which calls for a collective response, is ultimately dependent on international solidarity and the ability of the UNHCR to broker temporary protection or resettlement packages on a case-by-case basis (such as Kosovo). Developed countries have deliberately reduced access to their territory for asylum-seekers through tighter immigration controls (Francis, 2009). These policies seek to keep refugee situations at “arm’s length” (Loescher, 2008: 47). Yet at the same time as developed countries have restricted the entry of asylum-seekers, they have not offered a commensurate expansion of burden-sharing arrangements to assist developing countries faced with large refugee flows in the regions of origin (Chimni, 2000: 250-251).