Altogether, this resulted in a major expansion in the resources available to the education sector. In spite of this, Chile remains among the OECD countries with the lowest expenditure per student (see Table 2.1): 12th lowest in pre-primary education, 3rd lowest in primary education, 4th lowest in lower secondary education and 3rd lowest in upper secondary education (OECD, 2016a). Its levels of expenditure per student are, however, higher than those of other Latin American countries such as Brazil, Colombia and Mexico (see Table 2.1). Data for Brazil include public institutions only.