When placed at the end of a paragraph, such references apply to all preceding paragraphs up to the previous such reference. The citations on which the text is based can be found in those chapters. Important issues arise for the institutions of ocean governance at the global, regional, national and local levels in balancing the benefits of acquiring these services against the disbenefits (referred to by some as detriments) caused by overexploitation and destructive practices, and in preventing or mitigating those disbenefits (chap.