Golgher (2010a) analysed Brazilian households’ perceived deprivation and found that deprivation profiles differed markedly between urban and rural areas. He also found very little correlation between deprivation and income for most of the dimensions covered in his study (Golgher, 2010b). It is based on a multidimensional deprivation index (mdi) inspired by the methodology proposed by Alkire and Foster (2007) and applied in 104 developing countries, including Brazil, by Alkire and Santos (2010). The mdi has four dimensions (housing conditions, health, education and the labour market) that are captured by 13 non-monetary indicators (see table 2). The measurements using this index indicate that a majority of the population lives in households that are not experiencing deprivation and that, of those that are, the instance of deprivation is confined to a single indicator.