Training certificates signed by government officials provide formal recognition of participation, and the support of principals and supplementary resource materials (teachers’ guides), as well as follow-up school support visits by SEP staff, enhance motivation to do the work well. This approach is consistent with many of the recognised best practices in teacher professional development more generally (see for example Garet et al. However, as a CSO, the SEP works with teachers from outside the MoE system, and this limits the potential impact of the work. While CSOs may be able to align much of what they do with MoE systems, MoEs themselves have much more scope to align and support ESD training.