These gender-related disparities remain significant even when other differences between men and women-founded enterprises are controlled for. It shows that in the United States (as across European countries) gender differences in innovation outcomes tend to disappear when less capital- and research-intensive forms of innovation are considered. The only significant differences between men and women-founded enterprises relate to expenditure in design, software, and databases. Sample means for enterprises where all the owners were men at the start-up date (men founded) and where all the owners were women (women founded).