While rice will continue to play a major role in Myanmar’s agriculture and offers potential for increased production, policies should not prioritise rice at the expense of other crops and activities, including non-farm activities, which may well offer both farmers and the country a greater return. Policies encouraging rice self-sufficiency at the state or division level do not necessarily ensure an optimal and sustainable use of natural resources. Some regions are better suited to rice cultivation than others, and deficit areas can buy rice from low cost areas.