The results from these models are then used to inform the economic models about changes to average yields. As a result, RCP 8.5 projects that emissions in the second half of the 21st century will be substantially higher than current emission trends indicate, creating very high GHG concentration levels. Consequently, radiative forcing reaches 8.5 W/m2 by 2100, resulting in an increase in the average global temperature of between 4 and 7 degrees Celsius.