This includes direct and indirect transfer of funds and liabilities, tax breaks, price and market support measures, as w'ell as other regulations giving an advantage to fossil fuels. Using the price-gap approach, the IEA provides a global estimate of subsidies to fossil fuels at USD 325 bln in 2015, a figure that is limited only to consumer subsidies, and only to developing countries (IEA, 2016b, p. 97). The IEA also estimates worldwide subsidies for renewables at USD 150 bln in the same year (IEA, 2016b, p. 97).