Typically, the types of jobs women gain during such crises are insecure and of low quality (Kabeer 2012). Another 19.1 percent neither agree nor disagree. Targeted spending to reduce bottlenecks—on physical infrastructure, roads, and communications, but also social infrastructure, such as spending on public health—can reduce production costs and therefore inflation. This is important for achieving the goal of full employment since, in many countries, central banks respond to inflationary pressures by raising policy interest rates, thereby reducing business investment and aggregate demand.