Ex post evaluation of the competitiveness impacts of environmental measures is one tool to assess potential detrimental effects of carbon pricing on firm output or employment, but it is currently underutilised (Arlinghaus, 2015). Pricing instruments in the combined water, waste and transport areas feature in 45 reviews, making them the second most common focus area for green growth (Figure 2.1). Ensuring the environmental sustainability of water ecosystems, reducing flood and drought impacts, and maximising access to water supply and sanitation requires sustainable financing.