In Norway, only GPs have the choice to re-license eveiy five years, although the system is not mandatory. Higher fees are offered to GPs who undertake re-licensing. Current approaches to developing health professionals’ skills and knowledge need to be strengthened in such a way as to be best matched to changing population needs. To some extent this can be included in CME and CPD activities, for instance by tailoring available training to areas of professional weakness. Italy did this in 2013 by requiring CME and CPD providers to offer certain high-priority training such as maternal health, sexual health and preventive health (OECD, 2014a).