Students trained to become teachers often obtain very low scores, compared with other students, on cognitive tests such as Saber PRO (Baron and Bonilla, 2011). Third, despite recent reforms introducing some elements of performance-based compensation and promotion, and the possibility to fire low-performing teachers, there is still a high degree of teacher absenteeism (estimated at 10% on average, and reaching 40% in rural areas). Experience in India suggests that monitoring coupled with financial incentives based on teacher attendance can reduce teacher absence and raise educational outcomes (Duflo et al.,