They do not add up to recipes of success but highlight some of the promising strategies and initiatives being tried in different countries. On this basis, the following two chapters analyse more closely the nature of innovation, implementation and change in 21st century learning systems, first (Chapter 4) at the meso level and then (Chapter 5) at the wider meta level. Whereas the “innovative cases” ILE strand had looked at particular learning environments, in this final strand, the horizon was broadened from individual examples towards change strategies that necessarily involve several, even many, different sites.