In the United Kingdom, on the contrary, older part-time workers (men) are at a higher risk of receiving a wage penalty, as they earn about 10% less than their age-similar counterparts in standard jobs. Moreover, in Australia wage premiums are found for all part-time workers, regardless of age or skill level. First, in most countries being a full-time temporary worker is associated with a wage penalty. This result is robust in both cross-sectional and panel analyses regardless of whether or not controlling for unobserved individual heterogeneity.