In contrast, the dominant market-liberal rationality sees human and natural resources as production factors to achieve economic growth as the main pathway toward welfare. As noted above, such an approach has been associated with adverse social and environmental impacts.25 Does the 2030 Agenda hold the potential for a profound transformation toward a more progressive and rights-based eco-social approach that would shift the normative hierarchy for decision making, as discussed in chapter 7? Many lower and middle income countries object to the 2°C goal, especially low-lying small island states that stress the significant risks and impacts they already face at lower levels of global warming.