The total share of the population who can be considered as poor under either line stays roughly constant at around one-third of the population. In fact, whereas the total poverty headcount under a combined measure stayed constant in Brazil, if trends continue as they have in the past in China, they may actually increase further in China. In both countries, it is clear that even once dollar-a-day poverty is eliminated, a substantial poverty problem will remain, much as the poor remain socially excluded in many OECD countries.