Without evidence of additionality and a clear distinction between projects that would have occurred anyway under development programmes, it is challenging to assess whether the initiative has delivered incremental benefits to developing countries. When UNCTAD Secretary-General, Rubens Ricupero, called for Aid for Trade at the 2003 Cancun WTO meeting, he specified that trade assistance must be additional, ‘developing countries need aid for trade, and such aid must not come at the expense of aid for development’. The WTO Ministerial Declaration in Hong Kong also called for ‘appropriate mechanisms to secure additional financial resources for Aid for Trade’ [emphasis added] (WTO 2005).