At the time of the internship, Anna Gromada was completing her master's degree in International Development at the Institut d'fctudes Politiques de Paris (Sciences Po). The paper is part of the work undertaken by the OECD Review of Policies to Improve the Effectiveness of Resource Use in Schools (School Resources Review) and includes revisions in light of the discussion of an earlier version [EDU/EDPC/SR(20l4)3l at the first meeting of the Group of National Experts on School Resources (14-15 May 2014). The Review provides analysis and policy advice to help governments and schools achieve effectiveness and efficiency objectives in education.