Under the third mechanism, donors transfer funds directly to federal ministries such as the Ministry of Education for specific purposes agreed between the federal ministry and the donors. Finally, the fourth channel involves the transfer of funds to implementation partners selected by donors based on bilateral agreements. Despite declining slightly in 2011/12 (in 2010/11 prices), it increased at an average annual rate of 9.8% between 2010/11 and 2015/16 (Figure 2.7). Public spending fell from 18.2% of GDP in 2010/11 to a low of 16.6% of GDP in 2012/13 before recovering to 18.4% of GDP in 2015/16.