However, those costs are mainly borne by the nuclear power plant developer and only impose limited additional costs on the electricity system as a whole. The specific arrangements in place in OECD countries may be different with regard to the special conditions that nuclear power plants impose on the electrical system in terms of higher requirements for grid stability and security, specific conditions for the grid layout, as well as the interaction between the overall generation system and nuclear plants due to the latter’s operational characteristics. In fact, the large size of a nuclear power plant may require increasing the amount of available reserves to offset, according to the N-l criterion, the risk of a frequency drop in the case that a nuclear power plant trips. All these system costs are real, but are overall in the range of USD 2-3 per MWh, slightly above those of other dispatchable technologies but well below those of variable renewables (see Table ES.2 below).