Further, policies that improve roads, rules and signals for bicyclists, pedestrians and other alternative road users in urban areas not only help improve safety but also, by incentivizing the uptake of these means of transportation, yield health and climate benefits as air pollution is curbed and physical activity is promoted. The potential for such co-benefits has important implications for designing and implementing adaptation and development policies and needs to be properly assessed. It should therefore be mentioned that while policies with potential co-benefits offer cost-effectiveness advantages, which may encourage policymakers to implement them, they are not in all cases easy to devise. In this regard, an integrated approach can both take advantage of and encourage the development of policies that provide co-benefits for resilience to climate hazards and sustainable development.