Nevertheless, there are several challenges associated with developing these systems, which may have important implications for the UNFCCC process. Several initiatives from bilateral development co-operation providers or multilateral bodies under the UNFCCC provide support to Parties to fill those gaps. The extent to which national adaptation monitoring and evaluation systems can be used to assess progress towards the global goal on adaptation is potentially important but still highly uncertain. Some of those challenges relate to the nature of climate adaptation itself, such as long timescales, the uncertainty associated with the localised impacts, difficulties in setting of baselines and targets, or the difficulty of attributing cause and effect (AC, 2014, OECD, 2015b). Indicators are not the only or indeed always the most appropriate tool for monitoring and evaluation, qualitative narratives or consultations can be useful in particular to assess adaptation from the viewpoint of the most vulnerable communities (AC, 2014). There are also challenges with identifying and combining relevant indicators, as well as interpreting them correctly.