This difficulty may be partly due to methodological issues,35 but certainly also to the greater importance of non-labour incomes (whereas Kuznets referred only to pay inequality) and of post-industrial economic sectors, such as services and, especially, finance. Against this background, this section briefly outlines the benefits these economies sought through financial integration. It then concentrates on the macroeconomic effects of volatile international capital flow s, outlining the attendant adverse distributional outcomes in terms of the creation of employment and wage opportunities in high-productivity activities, especially in the traded goods sector. Financial integration36 can bring significant income and distributional benefits, such as through FDI inflows which can create employment and wage opportunities and help broaden technology transfer, as discussed in the previous section.