It includes provisions on professional development for teachers in numeracy and literacy, guiding materials for good practices and school-based programmes for class management. To increase student motivation and reduce the differences in motivation between boys and girls and between students from different social backgrounds, the action plan introduces more practical and varied instruction methods in lower secondary education, as well as a new subject with a practical approach, the Working Life Course (Arbeidslivsfagef). This reform builds on the Knowledge Promotion Reform (2006), a major curricular reform of the whole system (see Spotlight 1). The Programme for Basic Competence in Working Life (2006) targets adults who lack basic skills.