At the same time, the regulatory framework and the infrastructure investment process need strengthening. Even though Poland has significantly upgraded its infrastructure over the last 20 years, it still ranks poorly in terms of the perceived quality of transport infrastructure (World Economic Forum, 2016). Electricity supply remains lower and information and communication technology (ICT) infrastructure less developed than in most OECD countries. Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and urban air pollution are sizeable, contributing to climate change and substantially harming health outcomes (OECD, 2015b, OECD, 2016b, Goujard, 2016).