In Uzbekistan, researchers noted restrictions - even for local travel - on younger women (Romanova and others, 2017, p. 22-23). In the south of Kyrgyzstan, two neighbouring villages may differ in their perceptions of female migration and consequently in the ratio of female migration depending on whether the village is populated mostly with ethnic Kyrgyz or Uzbeks (Atam and Gopel, 2014, see also Reeves, 2013, p. 319). Overall, there seems to be a more favourable perception of female migration and more broadly fewer restrictions on women among Kyrgyz populations, rather than Tajiks and Uzbeks.