Fortunately this can now be done more effectively through a variety of information and communication technologies - print, radio, television, the internet, and mobile and smart phones. Social media platforms are also proving invaluable in facilitating the exchange of information in times of crises. In addition, communities need to be prepared to react to disasters such as flash floods or earthquakes that can occur without warning. A variety of programmes within the Asia-Pacific region seek to inform, encourage consultation, and empower communities to respond during times of crisis.