It examines Colombia’s biodiversity policy and institutional framework, and the priorities and actions outlined in the National Policy for the Integral Management of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services. The chapter assesses progress in using various instruments, including payments for ecosystem services and biodiversity offsets. It also examines measures to integrate biodiversity conservation into other key policy areas, such as agriculture, forestry and mining. Much of the biodiversity resides in forests, which cover more than half the territory, considerably more than in most OECD countries.