Note these figures also reflect health spending by non-health departments, such as education and defence. For example, the under-five mortality rate has nearly halved, from 75 children per 1000 live births dying before the age of five, to 41 deaths per 1000 live births in 2014. Figure 2 shows this declining trend in under-five mortality rates alongside growth in real health spending per capita. Life expectancy has also increased in recent years, following a period of falling life expectancy during the height of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in the 1990s and early 2000s.