Efforts should focus on increasing the availability of de-risking instruments, including insurance and guarantee products to protect investors, although limited institutional and human capacities are an important constraint. While the number of international and regional initiatives to stimulate domestic debt instruments and capital markets is on the increase, LDCs may require special attention and complementary assistance. A development process based on sustainable and inclusive structural transformation implies an increased supply of modern energy to producers in agriculture, industry and services as well as to the residential sector and community facilities. In turn, the resulting demand growth can make investments in energy production and distribution systems more viable, helping to reap the benefits of scale economies and higher overall efficiency.