It also includes most expenditure on national defence and security, but excludes government military expenditures that are part of government capital formation. The Gini index, a coefficient that measures the income inequality in a society and that ranges from 0 (perfect equality) to 1 (maximum inequality), has decreased steadily in the past decade, from 0.34 in 2001 to 0.28 in 2012 (LAC, 2014). The proportion of the population living below the poverty line fell to 3.8% in 2012 (IAC, 2014). The gap between rural and urban populations remains wide, with twice as many people living below the poverty line of USD 2.3 per day in rural areas than there are in urban areas (World Bank, 2012).