Indeed, promotion activities are performed by a mix of agencies, including the Foreign Investment Agency in the Ministry of Planning and Investment (MPI), Viet-TVade in the Ministry of TVade and Industry, the International Co-operation Department in MARD, and the promotion departments of provinces. Several constraints undermine private investment in the sector (Box 2). Such regulations intend to guarantee equal access to land among the rural population, but they limit land consolidation and hinder long-term investment.