Several studies show a much broader range of benefits, in financial, reliability, system and network, market price and marketing terms, which could accrue to energy providers, but work is needed to refine approaches to measuring these. Energy is one of the highest operating costs in most offices, for example, so the net present value of future energy savings can be added to the resale value. Studies demonstrate that the market is increasingly reflecting this reasoning. From a business point of view, energy efficiency can provide a valuable stimulus to growth, especially in income properties where any reduction in operating costs directly translates into an increase in net operating income (NOI).