However, while it was stronger than in Indonesia, India and the Philippines and equal to that in Thailand, it lagged behind China and more recently also Malaysia, reflecting a slowdown in the 2000s compared with the highest rates registered in the 1990s (Fuglie and Rada, 2013). By 2011-13, Viet Nam had become the world’s largest exporter of cashews and black pepper, the second largest exporter of coffee and cassava, the third largest exporter of rice and fisheries, and the fifth largest exporter of natural rubber. Annual exports for these commodities were well above, or very near to, USD 1 billion in the early 2010s.