Bt cotton8 and corn, for example, use less herbicides and pesticides, but if these crop varieties develop resistance to the less toxic chemical herbicides and pesticides, future more toxic inputs may be required. In this case, adoption of transgenic crops could have large negative ecological implications if “GE crops are adopted more widely in developing countries where domesticated crops have wild relatives” (Ervin, Glenna and Jussaume, 2010, p. 7). Innovative mechanisms designed to engage the private sector need to be explored: results-based performance contracts—for the development, for example, of improved seed or crop varieties with higher water-stress tolerance and greater responsiveness to fertilizers—granted on a competitive basis may be one means of stimulating private research.