All these factors contribute to a relatively wide gender gap in working hours and eamings among German couples with children. There need to be institutional changes in the provision of care for young and school-aged children, cultural changes and changes in the labour market, if German women are to have the opportunity to increase their working hours and/or participate in fulltime work. It finds that German women are more likely to work part-time than women in most other OECD countries, and that Germany has large within-couple gaps in working hours and eamings.