Historically, economic development has usually been accompanied by higher emigration rates.32 As countries develop, rates of emigration tend to rise before they fall. Emigration rates in middle-income countries have been found to triple those of low-income countries. Furthermore, in developing countries at the early or intermediate stages of the demographic transition, emigration is spurred by the large cohorts of relatively well-educated young people entering the labour market. Migration can also propel economic development through increased labour productivity.