To the extent that glass factories participate in the European Emission Trading System (ETS), which will evolve after 2013 (when the national allocation plans are to be replaced by a European quota, and all emission rights are to be auctioned), the glass factories will be driven by market incentives to reduce their C02 emissions (and their NOx emissions as well). The Euro 5 standards are more permissive for diesel vehicles (0.18 g NOx/km) than for gasoline vehicles (0.06 g/km), but the diesel standard is to be lowered to 0.08 g/km in 2014 (Euro 6). With relatively low fuel taxes and no road tolls for private cars, there is nothing to discourage the use of cars licensed in Luxembourg or elsewhere (Chapters 5 and 7). Something will have to be done about road fuel prices. The climate levy (the “Kyoto cent”) is far too low (2 centimes per litre for gasoline, 2.5 centimes for diesel) to have any impact on private vehicle use.