Section 1 describes recent trends in the OECD fisheries and aquaculture sector. Section 2 introduces four policy issues that are relevant for fisheries governance in member countries while Section 3 provides an outlook and future policy challenges in the fisheries sector. Compared to most meat products, fish and fish products have higher income elasticity in most OECD countries. It is therefore expected that demand for fish and fish products might fall or be re-directed towards low priced species. For example, Danish fish exporters claim that the rather expensive cod products are gradually being replaced by lower priced substitutes like pangasius.