These benefits may be paid periodically or as a lump-sum. Family and education transfers exclude payments made by employers to an employee in lieu of wages and salaries through a social insurance scheme when unable to work through maternity leave where such payment cannot be separately and clearly identified as social benefits, additional payments made by employers to an employee to supplement the maternity leave pay entitlement from a social insurance schemes, where such payments cannot be separately and clearly identified as social benefits. They refer to interventions by public authorities to help households meet the cost of housing.