Figure 5 presents “synthetic” NRR that are calculated as an unweighted average of NRRs in each month of a Tong’ unemployment spell (60 months), at two levels of previous earnings (67% and 100% of average full-time wages, due to benefit ceilings, NRR are lower for individuals with above-average earnings) and for four stylised family types (single persons, lone parents, one-eamer couples with and without children). Calculations consider cash incomes (excluding, for instance, employer contributions to health or pension insurance for workers and in-kind transfers for the unemployed) as well as income taxes and mandatory social security contributions paid by employees. Where benefit eligibility is subject to behavioural requirements (such as active job-search or being available for work), these requirements are assumed to be met.