Optimum use of land resources and more opportunity for urban-rural linkage - Conservation of farmlands - Higher quality of life due to and natural biodiversity more recreational activities - Fewer CO2 emissions due to shorter food travel mileage  - Rural economic development (urban agriculture, renewable energy, etc.) Better access to a diversity of local services and jobs - - Higher quality of life due to access to local services (shops, hospitals, etc.) They also can reduce automobile dependency through more economically viable public transport systems and by encouraging the use of walking, cycling and public transport.