Thus, student engagement is a necessary, but not entirely sufficient, condition for positive student learning and development. Students who do not do well are more likely to skip classes or days of school, arrive late for school and do less homework than higher-performing students. For example, students who had skipped an entire school day at least once in the two weeks prior to the PISA test in 2012 were almost three times more likely to score at a low level in mathematics than students who did not skip school (more than twice as likely after accounting for students’ socioeconomic status, gender, immigrant background and attendance at pre-primary education).