T able 24 overleaf provides an overview of the five indices. Generally, the characteristics and quality of the habitats in the open land will predominantly be determined by agricultural activities including structural changes, crop use and intensification. Also, infrastructural developments such as road network developments, establishment of power lines, wind farms etc. In more pristine open landscapes, such as open upland landscapes in northern Scandinavia, agricultural activities do not play a significant role (though extensive grazing with reindeer may locally result in notable impacts on the habitats).