To reduce the existing bias towards women taking parental leave - less than 3% of Czech fathers take parental leave (Moss, 2011) - a share of the parental allowance could be made conditional on fathers taking part of the parental leave, as it is the case in Germany and Austria. After one year, the amount spent on the parental allowance could be transformed into a voucher for purchasing childcare services, which could stimulate private sector provision of childcare (OECD, 2007). The reduction in the parental leave combined with good quality early childcare education could benefit the child as well. Indeed, OECD evidence suggests that child development benefits from full-time personal care for at least 6-12 months, but the latter is not necessarily synonymous with maternal care (OECD, 2007).