Where this document refers to “countries” or “governments”, it is also intended to include “regional economic organisations”, if appropriate. This paper greatly benefited from the experiences and insights shared during the CCXG Global Forum on the Environment and Climate Change, on 14-15 March 2017 in Paris. While relatively few countries to date have designed and implemented a national system for adaptation monitoring and evaluation globally, many more have indicated in their Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) that they are developing one or that they plan to do so.