Second is the emergence of temporary, part-time, casual home-based jobs, alongside the decline of the welfare state in developing countries.19 Privatization and restructuring have in many places—notably Egypt, Morocco and Tunisia—led to layoffs that have affected women relatively more than men. Thus, like their peers elsewhere, young women in Arab countries must toil disproportionately to find meaningful, fulfilling and properly remunerated employment, especially in their first jobs after university. Women are working mainly in the public sector. In Jordan, for example, 82 percent of women's positions are in the public sector.