A stronger primary care sector will require a larger, dedicated workforce of primary care professionals. For the longer term, Korea needs to grapple with the question of whether it goes down the path of many other OECD countries that have promoted the training of dedicated physiciaas who cover the whole gamut of clinical care, or tries to make the most of a more specialised model where paediatricians, internal medicine, and obstetrics and gynaecology, along with support from nurses function as primary care units. While there is no right answer for Korea, going down the former path would require significant changes in medical education and take a long time to engineer.