The latest round of interventions focuses on mitigating climate change. The objective is to manage forests in order to protect and enhance carbon stocks as a means of offsetting emissions produced in industrialized settings. The many schemes that have emerged, associated variously with the United Nations Collaborative Programme on Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation in Developing Countries (REDD process), the Clean Development Mechanism, the Verified Carbon Standard or unaccredited private deals, all re-value forests as a source of a carbon commodity to be exchanged in emerging markets.