Working poor can be defined as individuals with an income below the poverty line and who are living in households whose head is of working age (15 to 64 years old) (OECD, 2015b). The working poor often hold non-standard jobs, which typically pay less than traditional permanent work. Temporary workers in particular face many adverse economic consequences, such as wage penalties, earnings instability and slower wage growth compared to permanent workers (OECD, 2015b).