For comparable issues, also the import and export data are form the FAO ResourceSTAT. Simple tariff averages can lead to misleading conclusions (Kee, Nicita and Olarreaga, 2009). Indeed, while African countries face the lowest levels of tariffs in their export markets, notably thanks to preferences, these preferences largely cover products which African countries do not export. We employ an index compiled by Kee, Nicita and Olarreaga (2009) and used in Hoekman and Nicita (2011) for the agricultural sector.