From a narrow perspective, many of the above concerns were valid. Second, although trade facilitation is meant to cover both exports and imports, there were fears that a TFA would cause imports to increase first and foremost, and that any increase in exports would be incidental. Since exports in LDCs face formidable supply-side constraints, and are unlikely to receive much of a boost from greater customs efficiency, such fear is probably justified. Third, implementing the TFA could involve important investments in customs modernisation and port logistics (on the ‘soft’ side), which may be neither a priority for LDCs at this time nor within their financial reach.