Second, the very high returns of higher education for government suggest that a large amount of the returns to higher education may be taxed away in Portugal (OECD, 2017|2]). Third, stakeholders cited economic reasons that have dampened interest in pursuing higher education, both during the crisis, due to the costs of participation, but also in the recovery period. Other countries have tuition for adult education programmes, even for basic training, which are waived for people demonstrating financial need, typically those who are eligible for social benefits. Examples of these two approaches are included below.