Several of the Jewish settlements were developed to accommodate new immigrants many of whom came from the former Soviet Union, North Africa and the Middle East who continue to face language and cultural barriers in assimilation. Arab and Jewish populations generally live in separate communities, for example, the populations of the towns of Afula, Karmi'el, Kiryat Shmona and Safed are largely Jewish while the populations of towns of Nazareth, Shefa 'Amr, Shaghur and Sakhnin are Arab (in each case predominantly Muslim but with some Arab Christians). Of the people who migrated in the Northern District almost half migrated within the district (48%) (CHE, 2009). This fact reflects the reality that the Arab population is less mobile than the Jewish population and, when Arabs migrate, they tend to move within the region.