At the same time, research emphasises that the benefits from early interventions are conditional on the level of “quality” of ECEC children experience. Starting Strong III: A Quality Toolbox for Early Childhood Education and Care has identified five policy levers that can encourage quality in ECEC, brining positive effects on early child development and learning. The OECD Secretariat would like to thank the national co-ordinators, Viera Hadjukova and Marcela Hanusova, for their work in providing information.