Governments and the pharmaceutical industry are implementing risk-reduction techniques, permitting stakeholders to remain successfully in drug development. Performance-based risk-sharing arrangements (risk-sharing schemes) involve a plan by which the performance of the medicine is tracked in a defined patient population over a specified period of time and the amount or level of reimbursement is based on the health and cost outcome achieved. However, long dmg development timelines can diminish the potential retum-on-investment after entering a market, as a firm may have only a limited number of years remaining on a patent when the dmg is approved.