Women, men, children and networks of kin or community may all be important contributors of unremunerated time into social reproduction. We also know, however, that women perform the bulk of unpaid household work whether or not they also participate in paid work (Budlender 2008, Charmes 2006, Folbre 2006). Because we concentrate on gender inequality,the division of labour between women and men as well as, eventually, women and the state, centres the analysis.