Regions may freely choose an area for smart specialisation. Nine of 16 Polish regions have chosen support for high-quality food production as smart specialisation in their strategic documents. It is important to note that the smart specialisation framework in regions and the implementation measures/resources in the mentioned programmes tend to be focused on scientific research and innovation in Poland, which can neglect rural innovation. In a review of the impact of rural development programme measures for economic diversification over the 2003-17 period, it is found that such measures had the most significant impact in the Wielkopolskie voivodeship and in the northern part of the region of Mazowsze (at the border of the Mazow'ieckie, Podlaskie and Lubelskie voivodeships) and in the western part of the Warminsko-Mazurskie voivodeship (Biczkowski and Biczkowska, 2016).