As a consequence Indonesia moved from a position where it imported almost a third of the world’s traded rice in some years, to self-sufficiency by 1984, a goal that had been thought unattainable by informed commentators (Temple, 2001). A “transmigration” programme resettled farm families from densely populated Java, and elsewhere to these regions. A “nucleus-estate scheme” (NES) provided corporations with subsidised capital and long-term leases to public lands for estate crop production, on condition that these companies provide technical and marketing services to smallholder estates surrounding the company plantations (Fuglie, 2010). In 1981, BULOG was given full monopoly over the marketing and distribution of sugar, both domestic and imported, and set prices at all levels of the supply chain.