The chapter goes on to examine inequalities in access to good education and explores how to make the education system more inclusive to provide opportunities at all stages to all, and flexible enough to adapt in the face of ongoing structural change. Workplace-based vocational training and lifelong learning will be key to that end. Innovation can become an engine of growth provided more weight is attached to quality and application in university research evaluation and world-class researchers are attracted and retained by greater research autonomy, merit-based promotion and stronger protection of intellectual property rights. Spending on education, in particular at the lower levels, where the social returns are higher, needs to increase alongside vocational education.