Gray (2000) raised these problems, although he placed more emphasis on universal harassment by the police and other officials. Since the beginning of the 2000s, such highway harassment appears to have declined, exposing the poor quality of unpaved and poorly maintained rural toads as the longer-term problem. A combination of inadequate capacity and preferential access for favoured users means that independent farmers and grain-traders spend too much time searching for space in elevators and on railway wagons, and incur additional costs.