It is important to note that the process of jointly narrowing uncertainty and disagreement may be far more useful to conflict resolution than arriving at a shared understanding of reality. This technique is especially helpful when disputes in the extractive sector are due to perceptions of environmental damage, health risks, and lost livelihoods. A third party assessment that maps and catalogues differences in expectations, and reviews compliance with promises and obligations, can help to clear up misunderstandings, uncover shortcomings and increase the realism of expectations.