Rapid urbanisation, notably in Ho Chi Minh City and Hanoi, has added to pollution woes. Land use pressures have created environmental problems including severe deforestation, soil erosion, flooding in the deltas, declining fish yields, and pollution of the coastal and marine environment. According to a 2005 report conducted by the FAO, Viet Nam has the second highest rate of deforestation of primary forests in the world, second only to Nigeria.