But they may also present a problem for those countries hoping to gain market share in the low-carbon economy that the Paris Agreement should usher in. They may be offered with local content requirements attached as a condition, which forecloses foreign opportunities for trade and investment with the implementing country.4 For those countries with thin treasuries, foreign subsidies may simply be unmatchable, even if they are 'properly' employed in every sense. The contest for market share in the emerging sectors is definitely tilted towards larger economies, both because of their superior ability to support infant industries, and also because they provide supported firms with a larger domestic market for their products.