These chronic illnesses represent a growing burden in all OECD countries, and their increased prevalence has been attributed to a range of causes, including the ageing of populations and lifestyle factors such as smoking, physical inactivity and excessive alcohol intake. Data refer to 2008 for TUrkey, and 2007 for Australia, Japan and New Zealand. Results for countries marked with a “1” are not directly comparable with those for other countries, due to differences in reporting scales, which may lead to an upward bias in the reported estimates.