Another way to reduce deadweight is to require firms to share in the cost of short-time work, as is discussed below. In light of their differential coverage by STW schemes and the likely greater tendency of employers to attempt to retain their core workers, the empirical analysis of the impact of STW in the 2008-09 recession below distinguishes between temporary and permanent workers to the extent possible. Participating firms in the Work Sharing programme in Canada were previously required to develop a recovery plan. However, this requirement has been suspended until at least March 2011 in response to the 2008-09 recession. Take-up of training during STW tends to be low in countries where it is not compulsory. While this may provide a rationale for governments seeking to reduce displacement effects to make training compulsory, it could also indicate that training often is not appropriate or cannot easily be organised as was concluded by a Canadian study of STW (HRDC, 2004).