There is also more accountability and demand for results across the different levels of education systems to deliver good quality education. From 2005 to 2011, expenditure per student in primary, secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary educational institutions increased by 17 percentage points on average across OECD countries, but between 2009 and 2011, investment in education fell in nearly one-third of OECD countries as a result of the economic crisis, resulting in a decrease of expenditure per student in a few countries. Evidence on student performance shows that efficient investment and distribution of resources, according to countries’ needs, priorities and capacities, is important at both system and institutional level (OECD, 2012b, OECD, 2012c, OECD, 2013).