For all the emerging economies the remaining part of support consists mostly of payments based on input use. In Brazil and South Africa these forms of support are mostly targeted to the smallholder sector, although the fuel tax rebate in South Africa is available to all farmers. The degree of protection has declined markedly in countries where it was high in the mid 1980s (Switzerland, Iceland, Norway, Korea and Japan), even though there is still considerable potential for further reform to reduce the level of support and to improve its composition in these countries.