As outlined in Chapter 1, the aim is to highlight systemic challenges and recognise that all elements in an energy system are connected, similar to the interdependencies of the SDGs: human needs drive demand for services, which in turn drives demand for energy technology, and in turn drives supply investments and resource demand. The following sub-chapters look at the issues, potentials and prospects for each element of the energy system. Despite the high levels of access reported by the GTF indicators, for many consumers connection to a utility network bears little relation to the services actually received through the connection. Discrete pockets of remote settlements with limited access to grid power remain. The capacity, consistency and quality/ reliability of supply can vary considerably in established networks even with 100% connections for households and businesses. Typically, less well-off households and businesses make trade-offs, compromising quality and quantity of food,clothing or health care to maximize utility from a limited service capability while maintaining basic levels of comfort for health.