It has been reported that wastewater and biosolids contain 10 times the energy needed for treatment. '5The biogas produced from anaerobic digestion has been used to generate energy on-site, as well as for combined heat and power (CHP) production. However, growing this industry using traditional energy-intensive technologies can pose a big risk to water and food security, and have a considerable negative effect on the environment. Direct solar energy-operated desalination is not an economically viable solution.