Outbreaks of Rift Valley fever in East Africa are associated with increased rainfall and flooding due to El Nino-Southern Oscillation events (Lancelot, de La Rocque and Chevalier, 2008, Rosenthal, 2009, Porter et al., Models based on predicted changes in environmental conditions, habitat types and phytoplankton primary production forecast a large-scale redistribution of global marine fish catch potential, with an average 30 to 70 percent increase in high-latitude regions and a drop of up to 40 percent in the tropics (Cheung et al., Sea surface temperature fluctuations caused mass coral bleaching and mortality around Kiribati's Phoenix Islands in 2002-2003, leading to a decline in coral cover of about 60 percent (Ailing et al.,