Countries with low consumption levels (e.g., Iceland, Ireland) report higher rates of alcohol-related social and psychiatric problems than countries with high consumption levels (e.g., France, Italy). But these variations are related to different cultural beliefs, attitudes, norms and expectancies about drinking. Societies with generally positive beliefs and expectancies about alcohol (integrated drinking-cultures) experience significantly fewer alcohol related problems, societies with negative or inconsistent beliefs and expectancies (ambivalent drinking cultures) are associated with higher levels of alcohol-related problems. Figure 5 presents the proportion of frequent drinkers against the proportion of heavy episodic drinkers.