The growing importance of ecosystem services in global policy development can be seen in the Paris Agreement on climate change, emerging REDD+ activities,1 and a range of global and regional initiatives, commitments and programmes. These include the Global Goals of the United Nations Forum on Forests, the Convention on Biological Diversity’s Aichi Biodiversity Targets, the Bonn Challenge, the New York Declaration on Forests, and the Sustainable Development Goals, particularly Goal 15, which refers to sustainable land and forest management. The need to ensure the sustainability and enhance the supply of goods and services from forests and other tree-based ecosystems is gaining increasing policy attention and work on the ground.