The underlying concept is that when parents are more self-confident, they have a more positive impact on their child’s education (Irish Department of Education and Skills, 2014). Many initiatives to assist low-performing students come from the communities and local actors willing to volunteer or donate resources. For example, in Japan’s School Support Regional Headquarters Project, people in local communities provide after-school remedial support for students in need, in consultation with schools (OECD, 2011).