However, they may increase lifetime income inequality by reducing income mobility and creating poverty traps. Across the OECD, disability benefits are often the only means of sustenance for people with a disability, but often do not suffice to escape poverty.13 People receiving disability benefits indeed have lower employment and higher unemployment rates than people with no disability. Many countries have thus started to reform disability benefits to reach a better, and more sustainable, balance between income security and labour market (re-)integration of disabled people. These benefits are conditional on past contributions, and are earnings-related in most countries. Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Poland and the United Kingdom are exceptions since they provide flat though relatively low benefits, enhancing their redistributive impact. Many countries impose a ceiling on unemployment benefits, thus also introducing an element of progressivity.