Although a definite correlation between relative decoupling and MVA or GDP could not be found for those African countries with the relevant data, the ranking of countries in Table 4.2 suggests that relatively strong economies in terms of GDP and MVA achieved the greatest decoupling between 1990 and 2013. The aggregate nature of the data, however, prevents one from concluding whether the figures reflect a deterioration in energy efficiency or a shift into more energy-intensive sectors. Those shares are only approximate, however, because water withdrawal by small and medium-sized industry often is conflated with domestic consumption (UNESCO, 2012, p. 59). This breakdown is consistent with the economic structure of the continent, given that much of the population still works in agriculture.