This report examined the safety in primary and ambulatory care from an economic perspective - in terms of the (a) costs of unsafe care from a financial, economic and burden of illness perspective, and (b) potential strategies to improve safety across the sector in a resource-constrained environment. Given the unique nature of this setting - in contrast to hospital and long-term care - a broad and longitudinal definition of safety is adopted. Patient harm can result from a single incident, but can also develop over time through delayed diagnosis or treatment. The report was informed by a literature scan and a survey of 26 experts in patient safety from a total of 29 countries.