Furthermore, a higher share of students in Chile, compared to the OECD average, did not reach the baseline level of proficiency that is required to engage with science according to PISA test measures. Chile was also one of the countries participating in PISA 2015 where the socio-economic background of students most influenced performance. Socio-economic status explained 17% of the variance of Chilean students’ science performance on PISA 2015, which was higher than the OECD average of 13%.