Sustainable aquaculture should be ecologically efficient, environmentally benign, product-diversified, profitable and societally beneficial. Integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) has the potential to achieve these objectives by cultivating fed species (e.g.flnfishfed sustainable commercial diets) with extractive species, which utilize the inorganic (e.g. seaweeds) and organic (e.g. suspension-and deposit-feeders) excess nutrients from aquaculture for their growth. Thus, extractive aquaculture produces valuable biomass, while simultaneously rendering biomitigating services.