Two-thirds (66%) of all coal was transported by rail in 2005/06 (Raghuram and Gangwar, 2008). About 88% of all coal transported by rail originated in mines, the remaining 12% from harbours (total 370 Mt in 2008/09). Only 20% of all steam coal that arrives by ship is subsequently transported by rail. The mine-mouth cost of coal is in the range USD 15/t to USD 20/t.