When the debate about economic benefits of immigrant labour started to gain momentum, policy makers continued struggling to develop an adequate immigration policy framework (Paitoonpong and Chalamwong, 2012, Sevilla and Chalamwong, 1996). As indicated previously in this chapter, the MOUs are an important instrument to manage immigration, but it should also be noted that these instruments were developed to an important extent in response to the concerns of the National Security Council of Thailand. As such, the process is focused on the prevention of irregular immigration, with less attention on labour market needs and the protection of rights of immigrants. The procedures for recruitment and placement under the MOU agreements have been characterised as administratively heavy and complex, and many immigrants do not see the benefits of having legal status (Harkins et al.,