In Gulf states, such as Kuwait, Qatar and the United Arab Emirates, migrants are the majority group (United Nations Department for Economic and Social Affairs, 2017b). About 40,000 out of470,000 primary school children in Costa Rica are immigrants, mainly from Nicaragua (IOM, 2018). Immigrants asa share of the total population fell in Cote d'Ivoire, from 12% in 2000 to 9% in 2017, which was still the highest in sub-Saharan Africa outside oil-rich and small states. More than half were from Burkina Faso in 2012 (Teye et al.,