In the 2014-20 funding perspective, Poland is also one of 19 member state beneficiaries of the Youth Employment Initiative (YEI). The programme could help limit child poverty, but it may also lower female labour force participation, which in rural areas of Poland is already low, due to a lack of well-paid jobs (OECD, 2016c: 24). More generally, the structure of social welfare policies in Poland creates various disincentives to take up work, especially for second earners (Kurowska, Myck and Wrohlich, 2015).