Despite the negative long-term effects working at home can have on children’s ability to fully benefit from the resources offered by the education system, in the absence of alternatives, it may be necessary for households to survive. Students were asked to describe their parents’ last or current job title and responsibilities (in case they were not in the labour force at the time of the PISA test). Information from these open-ended questions was coded using the ISCO-08 classification of occupations at the 4-digit level, which was used to calculate the ISEI index of occupational prestige (Ganzeboom, 2010, Ganzeboom, et al.,