Also, gender differences in drinking are intertwined with educational and socioeconomic gradients in harmful drinking patterns (Bloomfield et al., However, the gender gap tends to narrow as women’s drinking behaviours increasingly resemble men’s, and overall drinking patterns in men and women tend to develop similarly. This trend should be viewed in the context of changes in cultural and social norms, including changes in women’s social position in societies as well as new market forces (e.g. market products directed towards women). In the US, non-Hispanic Whites display higher prevalence of HED compared to Hispanics, non-Hispanic Blacks, and Asians/Native Hawaiians/Pacific Islanders, but no statistical difference with American Indians/Alaska Natives (Kanny et al., While the frequency of HED is similar across ethnic groups, the quantity consumed differs, with American Indians/Alaska Natives heavy episodic drinkers reporting the largest number of drinks per occasion.