Another example of an early blockchain initiative is the incorporation of the Energy Web Foundation (EWF) as a global consortium of generators, integrated utilities, and related companies such as research institutes, IT service providers and start-ups. In addition to developing a new open-source core technology platform that is purpose-built for the energy sector, EWF has set up several specialised working groups and knowledge exchange forums in order for EWF “affiliates” to accelerate development of blockchain-based applications for certificate of origin markets for green power, demand response programmes, electric vehicle networks, and other application domains. On one hand, the development and piloting of several blockchain-based digital services is increasing, as most auto original equipment manufacturers (OEMs), tier 1 suppliers, and many software firms are working on solutions to current pain points, such as inefficient processes and data sharing.