The Red Data Book of Turkmenistan was last published in 1999. That edition included 261 species (152 of animals and 109 of fungi and plants), including 45 species (17 animals and 28 plants) endangered or threatened with extinction. The 1999 Red Data Book used the categories “vanishing”, “declining”, “rare” and “poorly known”, which are not fully consistent with the modem IUCN Red List system.