In rural communities, therefore, the capacity to provide or pay for quality services - compensating for the lack of a critical mass - is often constrained. Rural students are also more likely to work for pay than urban students in a number of countries (Figure 5), presumably reducing the time they can spend learning. Rural areas are believed to be mostly peaceful and friendly environments where local residents form close, stable and largely ethnically homogeneous relationships (Bauch, 2001(30], Lewicka, 2005pij, Little, Panelli and Kraack, 2005(32], Onyx and Bullen, 2000(33])- Several studies have identified the residential stability of rural areas, rather than their “rurality” or their ethnic homogeneity as the main factor behind the strong community attachment and overlapping networks of friendships in local communities (Gans, 1962(34j, Kasarda and Janowitz, 1974(35]).