The main data source in this chapter is the 2008 NIDS data. Applicants had to prove that they had made efforts to apply for private maintenance from the other parent but been unsuccessful in doing so. There were several conditions attached to receipt of the grant, including ensuring that school-age children were in school. There were limitations not only on nonparents’ receipt of the grant, but also on eligibility in respect of children bom outside of marriage. As a result of significant differences in both rules and how the rules were applied, very few African children and their caregivers received the grant. In December of 1995, the democratically elected government of South Africa established the Lund Committee in order to evaluate the existing system of state support and to explore new alternative policy options targeting children and families.