These are designed to facilitate adaptation to the existing and expected effects of climate change, and to help anticipate and mitigate future impacts. Thus, in relation to the tourism industry, UNEP developed from 2007 and 2009 several seminars on climate change adaptation and mitigation in the sector, with the University of Oxford as academic partner and UNWTO as co-host, on frameworks, policies and practices targeting government and industry experts. Additionally, UNEP in partnership with the Caribbean Alliance for Sustainable Tourism produced in 2009 a handbook to support climate change adaptation efforts in tourism destinations and communities.