It could therefore be very beneficial for countries wanting to do this if the countries that have done so reported on lessons learned on how best to integrate national and sub-national adaptation actions and plans. This can therefore help countries strengthen their adaptation actions, if needed. Monitoring and evaluating policies and learning lessons from what went well (as well as less well) can help to improve the effectiveness of adaptation policies as well as their implementation. Indeed, monitoring, evaluation and learning is a key part of the LEG technical guidelines for the NAP process (LEG, 2012). These challenges are compounded when trying to assess the overall adaptation effects of multiple actions at an aggregated level, as there is no single indicator that can be used to assess the extent of a country’s multiple different adaptation actions, approaches and needs - and not always a reliable “baseline” against which effects can be measured (AFD, 2012).