In the 2-degree scenario, the IEA estimates an average annual investment of more than US$1 trillion per year between 2016 and 2050 over and above the baseline scenario. Other sectors in which significant investment will be needed include waste management, agriculture, manufacturing and water. The changes will be created primarily by national regulations and initiatives aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions and adapting to climate change, which will send the driving price signals to investors and producers.