Even though protected areas might exist, a lack of enforcement, control, or even simply information can easily lead to the deterioration of the quality of these areas. ( Examples of instruments that allow for international financial transfers are Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES) (Chapter 4), Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation (REDD) (Chapter 5), and Official Development Assistance (ODA) (Chapter 8). These allow consumers to make better-informed decisions about the goods and service they purchase. Markets for green products can raise revenue indirectly via premiums for biodiversity-friendly attributes and investment in biodiversity conservation and sustainable use measures by producers.