Participation in CPD activities has long been required for doctors working in the United Kingdom, a condition of employment in the NHS and later a condition of participation in the royal collages (speciality schools) for physicians. In 2012 a system of five-yearly revalidation was introduced for physicians, and a system of revalidation is soon to be introduced for nurses. It publishes performance reviews and inspection reports on a website to provide public assurance of the quality and safety of health services. Its role is to provide independent assurance of the quality and safety of health services.