As for what constitutes having'strong' caring spirits, we simply list those for which the increase in the nonincome HDI is greater than one half of one standard deviation above its predicted value. But it is instructive in that it shows how a wide variety of institutional arrangements and rates of economic growth can be consistent with different levels of investment in human capacities as measured by achievements in health and education. Conversely, Rwanda and Yemen made the strong caring spirits list largely because they began the period with such low levels of human development (though the trendline does control for initial levels, one imagines it is fairly‘cheap’to boost human development on this side of the distribution).