Lone Christiansen and Per Tronsmo present Norwegian approaches to leadership, and national programmes for school leadership professional development and the Advisory Team programme for mentoring principals and local providers. The South Australian and Israeli examples presented by Susanne Owen and Dorit Tubin feature the work ofparticular sections of the education ministries looking to drive innovative learning and provide conditions to support it. This layering of networked learning opportunities helps to sustain and extend their leadership influence. Both CIEL and the earlier programme have been informed by international research on school leadership development, in particular the work of Stefan Huber and Viviane Robinson.