Digitalization is expected to lead to a significant increase in self-employment (the “gig economy”), as firms will in-source more services through peer-to-peer networks. This will further weaken the capacity of trade unions and employers’ associations to guarantee common labour standards and employment conditions through collective bargaining agreements. Available from http://www.nber.org/papers/w22252.pdf; Daron Acemoglu Pascual Restrepo, “Robots and Jobs: Evidence from US Labor Markets,” NBER Working Paper No. World Employment and Social Outlook: Trends 2017.