As a comparison, the gap in literacy proficiency between tertiary and lower than upper secondary educated individuals is close to 50 points in most countries. The ranking of countries does not change significantly when comparing literacy and numeracy, but the age-proficiency profiles differ somewhat. In the case of literacy, the gap between young and prime-age adults are generally smaller (something apparent also from Figure 1), and are actually negative in Korea, Poland, Italy and Estonia (and virtually zero in Spain, France, Austria, Germany, the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic).