It then identifies the main criteria under which governments may take action to increase the resilience of the agricultural sector and its adaptive capacity to climate change. Finally, it discusses strategies to monitor and evaluate adaptation policies. The author would like to acknowledge the contributions of Arnoldo Matus Kramer and Livia Alfonsi. The author wishes to thank Fran§oise Benicourt and Michele Patterson for preparing this document for publication. Valuable comments on drafts were given by Carmel Cahill, Guillaume Gruere, Franck Jesus, Catherine Moreddu and Nicolina Lamhauge.