For example, Del Valle Suarez (2014) and OECD (2011, Chapter 2) show that the introduction of Seguro Popular in Mexico contributed positively to the country’s growth, by freeing women from their caring duties and bringing them into the labour force. Bolsa familia has lowered poverty and income inequality, without decreasing labour force participation (Soares et al., New results on the Child Support Grant in South Africa suggest that the programme has no adverse impacts on participation rates and formal employment, and may even contribute to reducing informality (Tondini, 2015).