Elsewhere in the region, these rates are 30 per cent for Kazakhstan and the Republic of Moldova and 19 per cent in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Romania and the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (UN-HABITAT 2005a). Although urban areas reportedly have higher levels of service, close to 3 million people in European cities lack access to piped water and 8 million to sewerage (UN-HABITAT 2005a). Data indicate that the situation regarding piped water supply in the housing stock in the EECCA4 countries is particularly problematic in Republic of Moldova and Uzbekistan, with services available in one third of the stock.