Unless specified, data in Figure A are for 2013 and d in Figure B are for 2012. The author would like to thank Alvaro Pereira, Robert Ford, Vincent Koen, Margit Molnar, Andrzej Kwiecinski and colleagues from the OECD’s Trade and Agriculture Directorate, Directorate for Public Governance and Territorial Development, Directorate for Employment, Labour and Social Affairs, Directorate for Science, Technology and Industry and Environment Directorate for valuable comments on earlier drafts. The paper also benefitted from the comments of officials from the Chinese government.