A mismatch between the two has potentially significant economic implications. At the individual level, it affects job satisfaction and w'ages. Evidence on the link between mismatch and productivity' is mixed. Because of the difficulty of measuring the relationship directly, studies infer the consequences of mismatch on productivity either by relying on human capital theory, equating wages to productivity, or by studying the effect of mismatch on job satisfaction. Using these approaches, most studies conclude that mismatch has a negative impact on productivity.