The role of international public finance, as well as other international development co-operation actions, is however significant, and expected to remain so. For 2013 and 2014, the annual average climate finance is estimated to be USD 57 billion, of which over 70% (USD 41 billion) is estimated to be public finance, either bilateral and multilateral (OECD, 2016). Bilateral climate-related ODA commitments, as reported by donors to the OECD DAC, have been on an increasing trend since 2007, and reached USD 25 billion on average per year in 2013-14; multilateral public climate finance reached USD 25 billion on average per year (OECD, 2015).