Droughts are also increasing in frequency and severity. Agriculture in particular may be impacted, with rice production dropping 50 per cent by 2100. The impacts of such changes are estimated to reduce the GDPs in South-East Asian countries by 2.2 to 6.7 per cent annually by the end of this century, a loss eleven times greater than the forecasted decline in global GDP.6 Effective ecosystem management is being recognized as a way to counteract some of these rising costs. This represented a value of up to four times the global GDP. By creating a way for service beneficiaries to recognize the value of these ecosystem services via monetary payments, PES creates potential for sustainable financing that complements public funding. Unlike traditional command and control approaches that rely solely on government funding, PES programmes can use private sector financing to help ensure long-term financial support.