The only countries that require a master’s degree to teach pre-primary school are England, France, Iceland and Italy. This level of education is required to teach primary school in 11 of the 35 countries for which data are available; to teach general studies in lower secondary school in 16 countries; and to teach upper secondary school in 22 countries (see Table D6.1 a, b, c and d). In contrast nearly 40% of teachers feel inadequately prepared for the pedagogical aspects of teaching, which is the highest proportion in any of the 34 countries taking part in the TALIS survey (see Chart D6.a). In France, the proportion was lower (76%), and even lower still at private schools (only 69%, versus a TALIS average of 86%).