These policy pointers could help improve the recruitment and retention of teachers especially in disadvantaged schools, although the financial costs could be considerable. One of the challenges for immigrant students in teacher education programmes (such as bridging programmes for people with foreign degrees in teaching - sometimes referred to as ULV in Swedish) is that it is difficult to complete the course while holding a job. Offering sufficient financial support for student teachers could reduce the significant financial burdens that many student-teachers bear (Turley and Nakai, 2000[i9ij).