As a result, “anchor” investment projects do not always result in economic diversification. Few monotowns attracted new' investment projects from SOEs, except in Stepnogorsk (where an SOE, the core manufacturing company, has been expanding production). As reported by BISAM Central Asia (2012), outsourcing to local monotown businesses is not always advantageous to core monotown companies, given their vertically integrated structure or the insufficient quality of local production.