Only 7% of individuals with university-educated parents have only a primary education, compared with 42% of those whose parents’ highest level of education was lower secondary. At the same time, the probability of relative upward mobility towards tertiary education has stagnated for people born post-1975 at 15%. At the same time, school effects are driven by the selection of better students into schools, which is partly a parental choice, partly a school choice and partly the result of tracking or other institutional policies.