This reflects customs agencies’ efforts to encourage compliance through increased communication and confidence between the administration and the traders. Limited progress is also noted as regards the publication of rulings of general interest to the trade community. The analysis conducted in the OECD Trade Policy Paper 114 (Moise et al., Analysis of cross-sectional data demonstrated that the main predictors of the number of advance rulings, in order of importance, were the average tariff levels, the number of tariff lines, the per cent of trade entering under a preference program and the number of importers. Trade volumes do impact advance rulings, but only modestly and only in selected sectors.