For instance, combined education and health expenditures remain at below 5 per cent of GDP in such countries as Cambodia, Bangladesh and Pakistan (table 1.7). Governments could increase expenditure efficiency and ensure equal access to basic public services. Without such efforts, additional spending may not translate into better development outcomes. For instance, compared with regional peers at the frontier of expenditure efficiency, Pakistan could decrease its public expenditures by some 33 per cent in education and 17 per cent in health to produce the same level of education and health outcomes (figure 1.14; ESCAR 2017a).