For example, it may not be worth incurring the monitoring and enforcement costs associated with the condition that parents put their children in school if they would do that anyway. From a political economy standpoint, however, they appear to be “welfare”, whereas market interventions are often justified on other grounds (even if they are disguised welfare). In low income countries, where family and social networks are the main form of social protection, there is some wariness about potentially weakening that aspect of the social fabric.