While technological progress has eliminated many problems, it has also added new and often unexpected ones (Griibler, 1998; Diamond, 2005). Emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) arising from the combustion of fossil fuels are the main cause of anthropogenic global warming. All energy technologies, whether they are fossil-based or not, consume resources, use land, and pollute air, water, and the atmosphere. Energy use has reached a scale at which planetary boundaries are being breached for a range of essential Earth-system processes, including in terms of global warming and biodiversity loss, which is likely to lead to catastrophic environmental change (Rockstrom et al.,