The results presented here also illustrate the data gaps: additional breakdowns by ethnic and religious minorities, disabled people, immigrants or indigenous populations are not available, as no internationally comparative data exist about their representation in public employment in OECD countries. In the last three decades, efficiency became one of the most important guiding principles of how governments operate and how services are delivered in OECD countries, often putting equity or fairness considerations on the back burner. In pursuing inclusive public policies and practices, efficiency and equity are not viewed as mutually exclusive; rather, inclusiveness becomes a key dimension of effectiveness. In an inclusive approach to public policies, equity and fairness considerations are introduced by looking at the impact of various policy options on different groups in society.