State-sponsored accumulation involved, variously, the coordinated effort to shift resources into high-productivity activities, the provision of predictable and affordable credit through a managed financial system, and pro-investment macroeconomic policies, as well as direct public investment in some key sectors (Kohli, 2004). For a useful discussion of contrasting roles of the State in the development process, see Cypher and Dietz (2004), chap. They note (ibid., Autonomy allows the developmental state to switch roles in specific sectors, as conditions dictate" (See also Chang and Rowthorn, 1995; Kozul-Wright and Rayment, 2007, pp.