Changes in women's position are measured by three indicators: women's decision-making capacity; girls' education; and the practice of dowry. Findings show that male out-migration not only raise the standard of living of their left-behind kin through the injection of remittances, but also "modify their social behaviour through the diffusion of secular ideas into the traditional values of the sending communities." Moreover, Hadi (2001) also shows that households with female migrant members are more concerned with the education of daughters. In Uttar Pradesh Paris et al. (