The world’s poor are especially vulnerable to climate-induced phenomena, including rising sea levels, coastal erosion, storms and desertification. Poorer households and other socially marginalized groups are also among those most likely to lack sufficient clean water, as its availability will increasingly be affected by changing patterns of precipitation, melting glaciers and droughts. Although the causes of these multiple crises vary, they all share a common feature: "in the last two decades much capital has been poured into property, fossil fuels and structured financial assets with embedded derivatives, but relatively little has been invested in renewable energy, energy efficiency, public transportation, sustainable agriculture, and land and water conservation” (UNEP, 2011). On the investment side, liberalization has been geared towards both foreign direct investment and short-term capital flows.