Improvements in subsistence farming can also be achieved through social protection programmes, either directly (such as input transfers or subsidy programmes) or through cash transfer and PWPs in which household income is spent on agricultural inputs to enhance own-farm productivity. Positive nutritional outcomes can be encouraged by the better utilisation of food and improvements in ancillary areas, such as drinking water, hygiene, sanitation, child care practices and health care (Freeland & Cherrier, 2012). Illness and disease, for instance, can reduce the absorption of nutrients.