The Chipko movement that resisted industrial logging in the Himalayas was primarily motivated by forest and livelihood protection. Similar symbolism is associated with Kenya's Green Belt Movement, founded by Wangari Maathai in 1977, which encouraged rural women to collectively plant trees for sustainable livelihoods and forest conservation. Together with cornerstone publications such as Silent Spring (Carson, 1962) and The Limits to Growth: A Report to the Club of Rome's Project on the Predicament of Mankind (Meadows and others, 1972), they fuelled a growing public and political consciousness of the environmental and social downsides of prevailing models.