To support this ambition, Norway recently launched a national non-communicable diseases strategy. There, the Quality Indicators in Community Healthcare (QICH) programme covers six areas of primary care activity (as shown in Figure 3.8) and reports performance at individual provider-level, after adjustment for health need and sociodemographic factors. Of note, QICH is neither mandated nor reliant on financial incentives; instead, its success is thought to be due to its robust scientific basis, consensual development of the indicator set involving GP and health insurance companies early on, clear patient-oriented objectives and, crucially, systematic and continuous feed-back of comparative data to both professionals and the public. These include management of chronic diseases such as depression, COPD, diabetes or heart failure; routine care such as childhood vaccination and provision of contraception and aspects of effective practice administration. As well as being able to identify individual patients that are sub-optimally treated, the system allows them to benchmark their practice against other practices at municipal, regional, and national levels (see Figure 3.9 for an example relating to diabetes management). Patients can also monitor their own clinical data.