Completion rates of vocational education and apprenticeship programmes, which are key for at-risk youth, remain relatively low. To improve Year 12 attainment levels, programme completion and reduce disparities across groups and regions, the Australian Government as well as the states and territories have implemented various innovative and targeted strategies over the last decade. They notably leave schools and social service providers a lot of flexibility in adapting service to the local needs, but these programmes are usually short-lived.