Basin-level management, for example, may require upper-level governance to avoid inequities in water allocation within a water basin and also to ensure that the public good aspects and values of water are given sufficient recognition (OECD, 201 la). At the same time, while inter-municipal, supra-municipal and metropolitan bodies have been set up to respond to co-ordination challenges while creating economies of scale and improving the quality of service, there might be risks of duplication and overlap of responsibilities with low'er and higher levels of government. The OECD developed a risk-based approach consisting of three steps: “knowing”, “targeting” and “managing” (OECD, 2013d).