Under TRI, selected farmers were required by the regional government head to grow sugar for its 2-3 year rotation, and these “required duties” were rotated within the village. This policy of forced sugar plantings was controversial because on irrigated land it was normally (not always) the case that rice was more profitable (Barichello, 2010). There was a re-regulation of imports in late 1999, with import licenses given to the Java-based sugar millers. However, these were removed at the start of 2000 and replaced by tariffs of 20-25%.