In other words, the poverty-reducing effect of economic growth is weaker in Brazil than it is in other countries with similar income levels. It is therefore essential to gauge how much weight should be given to each of these strategies, both at the regional and state levels. The persistence of poverty dynamics in Brazil can be examined and estimated by drawing on pooled data and applying ordinary least squares (OLS) based on the within-group method and the generalized method of moments (system GMM), a dynamic panel model estimated using the two-step generalized method of moments or two-step GMM developed by Blundell-Bond (1998).