Further efficiencies than those assumed in the Baseline are considered less likely for OECD countries and therefore this remains unchanged in this scenario; it is assumed that irrigation in the OECD in the Baseline has reached an upper limit of efficiency as risks of salinisation and pollution problems are associated with more than 70% evapotranspiration of irrigation water (Fraiture et al., Hence, compared to the Baseline, the water demands in each region are reduced in proportion with the energy savings rate in the Resource Efficiency scenario (van den Berg et al., Larger shares for solar and wind-based power generation versus thermal are assumed, but until 2050 an assumed shift to (thermal) bio-energy and nuclear power plants limits the overall reduction in this sector. The assumed reduction in energy demand described in the point above translates directly into less water demand for cooling.