A sector-specific example of a pro-innovation initiative comes from Canada: the Canada Mining Innovation Council launched a zero waste initiative which prioritises innovation that is expected to lead to significant reductions in mining waste. These approaches can be up-scaled and broadened if improving resource efficiency is integrated into national innovation policies, research partnerships are promoted and barriers to the entry of new firms and to the development of new business models are removed. The global economy requires around USD 90 trillion of investment in infrastructure between 2015 and 2030.