How diets change in the next decade may have important implications for domestic and international commodity markets. It describes projections for major agricultural commodities, set against anticipated macroeconomic, demographic and resource conditions. Finally, the chapter concludes with a review of important risks and uncertainties facing India’s agriculture over the next decade, and what these may mean for both domestic and international markets. Besides providing food to a growing population, agriculture has provided income to rural areas, released labour for downstream industry, provided savings for investment and has increased demand for industrial goods.