One way to assess and monitor how well countries are preparing their students for life after compulsory education is to determine the proportion of 15-year-olds who score above the baseline level of proficiency in the PISA test. A Danish study that linked PISA to the Survey of Adult Skills (a product of the OECD Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies, or PIAAC) also shows that students who had scored below Level 2 in reading in PISA 2000 were more likely to have received income transfers for more than a year between the ages of 18 and 27 - meaning that they were unemployed or ill for long periods (Rosdahl, 2014). And the Longitudinal Study of Australian Youth (LSAY) shows that the 25% of students with the lowest scores in mathematics in 2003 were more likely to be unemployed or not in the labour force in 2013 than the second 25% of students (LSAY, 2014).