Largely due to deforestation, total agricultural land increased by 61% in 1990-2012. Most of this expansion took place in the 1990s, with the arable land area remaining relatively stable since then. This might indicate that almost all accessible arable land is currently in cultivation and further production growth will need to be achieved through higher yields, which are already high compared to Viet Nam’s Asian peers. There are continued pressures to convert agricultural land into higher-value non-farm uses (both urban and industrial).