Under the NBI initiative, a Co-operative Framework Agreement (CFA) was prepared, based on the 1997 UN Convention, and opened for signature in 2010. This would create the Nile Basin Commission. Seven states have ratified, so the agreement has come into operation, but Egypt, the Sudan and the Democratic Republic of Congo are still opposed. In particular, they vary as to the parties (whether they are bi-lateral or multilateral, and include all riparian states or only some); as to subject matter (ranging from data collection to allocation, planning, construction, ecological management); territorial extent (whether they cover the whole basin on only part of it) and intensity of co-operation (from duties to inform to development and implementation of joint programmes) (Kliot et al.,