However, waste volume is minimized at source in less developed countries by local scavenging and recycling. Applicability or affordability with regards to decision-making on indicator systems appears to be central to choosing a set of indicators for the assessment, appraisal, comparison or monitoring of sustainability in nations or regions. Cycle economy research or sustainability research units have been established in universities or area-wide joint centres in China. Korea’s Advanced Research Institute of Science and Technology has developed a variety of environmental technologies for integrated waste management.