As part of the Orange River Development Project, another dam - Vanderkloof Dam - was built downstream in 1977 to generate hydropower; the Gariep Dam controls water from Vanderkloof Dam (Anon, 2016a). However, irrigation charges have been increased to cover operational costs. The initial rate for agricultural water use was 4% of gross income per morgen of land (about R12/morgen). However, initial analysis showed it should be more than R502/morgen (1 morgen equals approximately 0.2 to 1 ha).