In response, the government initiated six major programmes for water quality restoration, including the establishment of wastewater treatment plans and the first-ever nationwide Comprehensive Measure for Clean Water Provision (ADB, 2014). The new ministry' expanded its capacities with increased financial support and functions transferred from the MoLIT (then called the Ministry of Construction and Transport) in 1994. Water-related legislations were developed in a piecemeal fashion: in 50 years, more than 25 acts were enacted and revised by different ministries according to transitions in water policy (Table 2.1). In 1961, the enactment of the River Act - last amended in 2016 - laid the foundations for water resources policy and governance by setting a national framework for river management (see details on the objectives and scope in Box 2.1.).