For instance, the Central Institute for Test Development (Cito) is responsible for the periodic assessment project (PFON) and the Cohort studies are undertaken by a consortium bringing together educational research institutes, Cito and the National Bureau of Statistics (CBS). Typically, the Inspectorate of Education, research institutions, Cito and organisations such as the National Bureau of Statistics and the Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis (Centraal Planbureau, CPB1) take responsibility together for empirical studies. The planning of research and evaluative studies by the Ministry of Education, Culture and Science, conducted within its Knowledge Directorate generally involves external advice given by organisations such as the Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) (e.g. monitoring studies, Cohort studies).