In contrast to incumbent operators, new market entrants are deploying gigabit fibre networks in cities, as they are not restricted by legacy investments in copper networks. This is the case with Gigaclear and CityFibre in the UK, and Google Fibre in the United States and Africa. Mobile broadband penetration in developing markets is still quite low, however, with a penetration level of 21 per cent in 2014. But mobile broadband is growing fast in these regions - in fact, growth rates are twice as high as in developed regions6. Figure 1.4 shows that 308 operators have launched or are planning various LTE deployments worldwide; 138 of these operators are in developing markets, which form a significant proportion of the global operator base. Figure 1.5 shows that 40 operators have launched or are planning various LTE-A deployments worldwide; 35 of these operators are in developed markets.