To illustrate this approach, tentative estimates were provided for measures applied in the w'heat market in 1998. The total cost reduction generated by the 30 selected export competition measures covered in the analysis (including some direct export subsidies and some output payments) varied between USD 10 000 and USD 556.50 million per programme. The per unit cost reduction for the average of all exports was between zero and USD 1 145 per tonne.