As described in Mongolia’s 2015 national report, "Managing the transition from the Millennium Development Goals to the Sustainable Development Goals", there are considerable discrepancies in children’s health status related to parental education, household income, infrastructure development and geographical location. Additionally, in selected poverty-prone areas, a decline in household income leads to food shortages, which in turn results in malnutrition among infants and under-5-year-old children. In 2015, the infant (under-1-year-old) mortality rate was 15.3; the highest infant mortality rate is observed for the western region (22 per 1,000 live births). In 2016, the average maternal mortality ratio at aimag level was 56.0 per 100,000 live births and the Ulaanbaatar maternal mortality' ratio was 41.8 per 100,000 live births.