In addition, technological advances have permitted student assessment to become more sophisticated, as is the case with computer-based adaptive assessment (see below). This is reflected in the growing importance of student outcomes for system evaluation (increasingly relying on results of standardised student assessment and the international assessment of students), school evaluation (with school accountability increasingly tied to student outcomes) and teacher appraisal (with the exploration of direct links to student progress); the requirements for reporting publicly on student results; and the establishment of education national targets for student achievement including for particular groups of students. Performance in schools is increasingly judged on the basis of effective student learning outcomes.