Details regarding the survey method, questions and respondents are provided in Annex A. As safe primary and ambulatory care is critically important in all countries strengthened through policies -striving for - universal access to health care, this report considers where possible low- to middle-income countries (LMICs) and upper-middle and high-income countries (henceforth ‘developed countries’ or simply HICs).4 In a sense, less developed nations have the advantage of building the necessary structures and institutions into their health systems as these are built and established. Developed nations, on the other hand, have the difficult task of retrofitting safety into fully formed systems (WHO et al 2018). While the findings and recommendations will be of interest to healthcare providers and organisations, the principal audience of this report are policy makers looking to improve patient safety in primary/ambulatory care in a context of constrained resources. They are similar to the terminology in the previous report but are modified to the characteristics, priorities and specific risks of the primary and ambulatoiy setting.