Another change followed in 2001; in accordance with the the ILO methodology, persons involved in agricultural activity within rural households were included in the self-employed category. According to the Statistics Agency of Kazakhstan, prices of inputs used in agriculture increased 18 times in 1992, while output prices rose 10 times; 18 times and 8 times respectively in 1993, and 29 times and 19 times respectively in 1994. In a survey of 160 rural households in Akmola oblast, Dudwick et al. ( Data on the cotton sector should be interpreted with care due to extensive smuggling from Uzbekistan and, to a lesser extent, Turkmenistan where the regulated farm-gate prices are much lower than in Kazakhstan. Sadler (2006) reports estimates that smuggled cotton from Uzbekistan accounted for between a quarter and a half of Kazakhstan’s reported cotton output in the early 2000s, which implies that a substantial share of reported cotton exports were re-exports. Up to 90% of water flow occurs in spring.