Such a system implies technical norms and regulations which are both responsive to international demand and adapted to local circumstances, but also sufficient capacity to ensure compliance with those norms and regulations. In many developing countries relevant agencies lack adequate expertise and equipment, both at the standard-setting and at the enforcement stage, including at the border. They also lack clearly defined mandates, resulting in overlapping, uncoordinated activities, for which existing resources are spread too thin, and generating confusion, delays and duplicative expenses. As documented by Brenton et al. (