While OECD countries are making progress on “knowing” the risk, much more could be done to build on current efforts to “target” and to “manage” water risks. The majority of efforts to date in OECD countries have focussed on building the scientific evidence base and disseminating information. Given the significant investments being made to improve the scientific evidence base, there is an urgent need to ensure that this evidence is used to best effect and meets the needs of users making practical, on-site adaptation decisions.