In Model A, payment remains mostly by salary, but a financial incentive component is included for the whole FHU, which is usually an add-on payment/grant for accomplishing 22 key performance indicators revised every three years from a comprehensive set of more than 100 quality and efficiency indicators (Administrasao Central do Sistemade Saude, 2015). In addition to Model A features, FHU Model B staff payment is composed of a smaller fixed salary fraction plus a series of supplements: a capitation-based payment (up to a defined ceiling); a complement for the provision of specific negotiated and contracted services; a FFS component for house calls; and a P4P (da Silva Fialho et al., In Model B FHUs, the performance-based payment component can reach up to 30% of total phy'sician payment and up to 10% for nurses and is based on the achievement of individual and practice targets. The introduction of QBF came as part of a broader push towards developing a more patient-centered health care service, with increased emphasis on systematic quality improvement, patient safety and reduction in adverse events.