The initiative and plan provided a mandate for Nordic countries to work together on both fossil fuel subsidy reform and linking up environment and climate change work within development aid programs. The Global Subsidies Initiative (GSI) of the International Institute for Sustainable Development (USD) worked with the NCM on a number of projects. For example, in 2015 the GSI-lntegrated Fiscal (GSI-IF) model was developed to evaluate the impact of fossil fuel subsidy reform on greenhouse gas emissions: it was applied to 20 countries within the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) to enable a better country-level understanding ofthe link between fossil fuel subsidies and climate change (see Figure 5) (Merrill, Harris, Casier, & Bassi, 2015; Merrill, Bassi, Bridle, & Christensen, 2015). The information was shared with UNFCCC country negotiators through policy briefs and publications and side events. Ultimately, 14 countries included the issue of fossil fuel subsidy or energy sector reform within their Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC) (Terton, Gass, Merrill, Wagner, & Meyer, 2015). A UNFCCC Technical Experts Meeting also covered the issue briefly - technical papers prepared by the Secretariat have also pointed to the issue.