The delay between development and construction can last up to five years for large-scale utility renewable projects (Kalamova, Kaminker and Johnstone, 2011). For small-scale projects, transaction costs related to approval processes can be high both in relative and in absolute terms. For example, in 2008, the average waiting time needed to develop small scale PV projects in EU countries could reach 50 weeks, 50% of which was often due to waiting for the permit (IEA, 201 la).