However, the evolving nature of the complex social problem of drug abuse, drug trafficking and illicit drug cultivation and production requires that Governments be cognizant of the challenges and opportunities facing them. The special session of the General Assembly on the world drug problem to be held in 2016 is a timely opportunity to review drug control policies and practices grounded in evidence and science and based upon the principle of shared responsibility and a comprehensive, integrated and balanced approach. Legalization of the use of internationally controlled narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances for non-medical purposes is not an adequate response to the existing challenges. Poverty reduction measures within a framework for sustainable development that give farmers an economically viable, legal alternative to growing illicit crops are of fundamental importance for the success of the efforts to reduce illicit cultivation.