As a large country with huge tracts of carbon-absorbing forests, Indonesia is well positioned to play a significant role in minimising the impact of its development on climate change. To enhance its role in this respect, it must nurture institutions that can make effective use of international funds including the USD 30 billion of fast-start funds pledged at the United Nations Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen in December 2009. Malaysia too has implemented policies to shift the economy structurally away from polluting, energy, intensive industries.