This chapter showed that in most developing economies, growth in data services is slow in offsetting the sharp decline in voice revenues that is often due to high rates of adoption of free OTT services. As revenues and ARPU levels will continue to decline over the coming years, investments in network infrastructure will have to be balanced with profitability to create a sustainable market environment. In addition, ITU analysis has demonstrated that removing restrictions on foreign investment is a regulatory measure that correlates directly with enhanced competition and helps to create a level playing field. Policy-makers will have to adapt to this development phase to ensure sustainability and foster the investment required to connect consumers and businesses to smart societies.