There are risks of advancing a GVC integration agenda without effective global economic governance structures. This is because lower value-added activities are either outsourced or offshored by lead firms, while higher value-added activities are retained. The sector is a major employer of women. This is around the same level reported by Dolan and Humphrey (2000) for the horticulture sector, and by Kaplan and Kaplinsky (1998) for the deciduous canned fruit sector.