The UAE’s Office for the Co-ordination of Foreign Aid, which was established in 2008, started reporting activity-level data to the CRS database in 2009. It is the first and only country outside the DAC’s membership to have done so (Tirpak et al, 2010). At present, only DAC Members - 23 countries and the EUI — use the climate change mitigation marker (see footnote 46 for a full list). However, once a country reports data al the activity level in the format required by the CRS, using the Rio markers is a relatively straightforward next step.