Indeed in the United States there is now a significant amount of research that suggests that it is poverty and inequality that causes low rates of marriage, with the incentives of young single women to commit to marriage declining alongside the labour market prospects of men. Future marriage rates therefore appear likely to continue to decline further while becoming increasingly divergent by socio-economic status. Studies across countries and over time find, without exception, large income losses the year after a marital split (Jenkins, 2009).