However, the research-based work carried out in medicine and health, supported by government programmes, illustrates that high quality research is not jeopardised by regional co-operation and application. Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) plays a dominant role in research activities in health and medicine. It is the leading research entity with a health campus and research centres and centres of excellence, such as the well-established Pharmaceutical Research Institute and the Advanced Medical and Dental Institute (AMDI) (See Box 5.1.).