Tourism business owners have indicated that the burden of staff training and development is currently too great (Khowala, 2015). The World Travel and Tourism Council (2015) also maintains that tourism firms globally and across Africa should invest significantly in employee training to address skills shortages in the tourism sector. For instance, only about 3 per cent of African students are enrolled in technical vocational education and training courses, compared with 18 per cent of Chinese students (UNCTAD, 2014d). This could contribute to young talent being available to both large- and small-scale tourism enterprises and promote greater youth entrepreneurship in tourism. The section also discusses differential impacts of tourism on women and men to better understand the gender dimension of the sector.