Moreover, inefficient and unplanned urban expansion has resulted in the conversion and loss of forests, wetlands and other ecosystems and has increased the already high exposure to disasters. This is important keeping in view the persistent challenges of poverty and inequality, the further risks arising from demographic transitions (risk of skills shortage among youth on one hand, and risk of old-age poverty on the other) and labour market disruptions associated with reforms and technological innovations. Understandably, tradeoffs are involved among the three aspects of social protection systems - universal coverage, sufficient benefit levels and financial sustainability.