Such complexity leads to significant difficulties in monitoring and verifying environmental impacts and outcomes. The Busan Partnership for Effective Development Co-operation agreed four principles to ensure aid effectiveness: ownership by partner countries, results focused efforts, inclusive partnerships, and delivery of aid within an environment of transparency and accountability. Garside et al (2016) translates this into four elements of effective aid-business partnerships for sustainable development, based on a review of 11 existing partnerships: ensuring additionality of private sector efforts (i.e. going beyond what business would have invested in anyway); financial sustainability of approaches; mutual transformation (i.e. changing of attitudes and business models); and risk-sharing, all within a transparent manner without market distortion. These four elements could provide a structure for further assessment and guidance for good practice recommendations for development cooperation efforts in private sector engagement for the environment.