All Parties are now requested to monitor and evaluate adaptation activities at the national level under Article 7.9 of the Paris Agreement, and report on their adaptation activities under Article 7.10. In both cases, collecting and providing information on adaptation monitoring and evaluation is at the discretion of Parties. Under its Ar ticle 14, the Par is Agreement also requires the Conference of the Parties to periodically take stock of the collective progress made towards achieving the global goal on adaptation (Article 7.1), through a process called the “global stocktake”. National adaptation monitoring and evaluation is a relatively recent activity, and there is limited experience with mid-term and end-term evaluations of adaptation policies at the national level. Evidence of growing interest in adaptation monitoring and evaluation at the national level can be found in the recent proliferation of initiatives, guidelines and frameworks to develop systems in the policy and research commuities, as well as references made within countries’ NDCs. Among the large majority of Parties who have included adaptation within their NDCs, almost half reference the importance of monitoring and evaluation systems, often indicating they plan to develop one.