Activities are implemented by communities or through private subcontractors. Thus, it is important to both encourage new leadership and allow opportunities for traditional leaders to be involved. The DAC Paper Service Delivery in Fragile Situations (OECD, 2008c) gives comprehensive guidance on key approaches to service delivery in fragile states. Community participation in managing services can improve wider participation in decision making about the management of public resources, meet local needs, strengthen civil society and improve state-society relations (Box 4.5).