In 2008, the OECD/IMHE launched a second series of OECD reviews of Higher Education in Regional and City Development to address the demand by national, regional and local governments for more responsive and active higher education institutions. As a result, 14 regions in 11 countries have undergone the OECD review process in 2008-10. The reviews have been carried out by the OECD/IMHE in collaboration with international organisations and associations and other OECD programmes and directorates.