New Public Management also addresses increased demands for accountability and efficiency in education systems that are triggered by decentralisation reforms. As stated in the Eurydice Network’s comprehensive publication National Testing of Pupils in Europe, “In the last two decades, national testing has been increasingly introduced as a natural accompaniment to growing school autonomy, which has resulted in a need to systematise the monitoring of education systems, and in efforts to improve the quality of education” (2009: 21). In Europe, decentralisation reforms of the 1990s gave schools more autonomy, likewise increasing the need for results-based management (Eurydice Network, 2009). For example, in Latvia and Poland national-level measurement tools were implemented following reforms to increase school and teacher autonomy (Eurydice Network, 2009: 19).