Women account for less than 20% of entrants into tertiary-level computer science programmes in OECD countries and only around 18% of engineering entrants. And while less than 0.5% of girls wish to be ICT professionals, almost 5% of boys do. Since the OECD Council adopted the OECD Gender Recommendation, many countries have taken new measures or reinforced existing ones to increase the participation of under-represented groups - who include women and girls - in STEM studies and occupations.