Genuine state dependence was obtained using a basic DREP model estimated separately by subsample where applicable: Hansen and Lofstrom (2011) assume a random-effects logit (rather than probit) structure, Hansen and Lotstrom (2011) and Hansen, Lofstrom, Liu and Zhang (2014) assume mass-point rather than normal unobserved time-invariant heterogeneity. Hansen and Lofstrom (2011: Table 3): LINDA linked administrative record data set, SA receipt measured in terms of ‘benefit year’ (see above), receipt of SA based on benefit payments recorded for the sampled individual. There is moreover evidence of geographical variation in state dependence within countries (not shown).