The lack of visibility and authority of such institutions may limit their ability to implement a “whole-of-government” approach to gender equality across policy areas. However, significant evidence gaps remain in a number of policy areas, such as gender-based violence, work-life balance practices, entrepreneurship, defence and the environment. Half of the countries responding to the OECD survey apply this practice at the national level, but its use at the sub-national levels is rare. Disparities can include discrimination in terms of opportunities, resources, services, benefits, decision-making power and influence (Wikigender).