Likewise, an education system where levels of achievement and variability are both high and where such variation is only weakly related to social background arguably does better than a system where most students do poorly and variability is low. Equitable education systems are those where inclusion and fairness in education and high levels of performance do not come at the expense of one another. Defined in this way, equity does not imply that everyone should achieve the same results or that every student should be exposed to identical, one-size-fits-all approaches to teaching and learning. Rather, it refers to creating the conditions for minimising any adverse impacts of students' personal, social or economic circumstances on their performance.