At the same time, the potential for duplication and the need for co-ordination are likely to result in inefficiencies in management. The double dominion creates the risk of issues “falling between the cracks” or for agencies to deny responsibility for addressing more challenging problems. This is consistent with the Constitution and with the 9433 Water Law (Article 14, 1st paragraph) and there has been a precedent: the ANA has signed an agreement on the management of federal rivers with the Federal District, Minas Gerais, Sao Paulo and Ceara; these precedents confirm that devolution works well and is in line with the decentralised approach to water management in Brazil. Devolution will be contingent on sufficient capacity at the local level, which appears to be an issue in many states and can also be subject to “tenders”: such an “a la carte” decentralisation process ensures consistency with the Constitution, gives the ANA the opportunity to warrant that federal waters will be allocated in ways that are consistent with policy objectives, and provides an incentive for states to strengthen their capacity.