The decision was made to merge research and innovation policies in the subsequent plan initiated in 2005. With hindsight, the pros and cons of separate plans may also have facilitated the ministerial restructuring that took place a few years later in 2007 with the creation of the Ministry of Innovation, Universities and Enterprise entrusted with a more comprehensive oversight over the implementation of R&D and innovation policy. Its lines of actions focus in an integrated way on the factors that impinge on the performance of the Catalan S&T and innovation system as a whole and, more generally, on the competitiveness of the Catalan economy.