The latter part of this chapter then describes and assesses the separate elements of the quality architecture (such as use of guidelines or professional licensing) in detail, in a format that follows other volumes in the OECD’s Health Care Quality Review series. Its approach to dealing with these issues is to forge close connections between policy making and implementation, to better respond to population need at a regional level. This section describes the governance and organisation of NHSScotland, and the state of population health.