The former affect childrens health directly (for example, feeding practices, preventive activities, care during pregnancy and childbirth), while the latter do so indirectly, through their impact on the proximate determinants (for example, mother’s education and knowledge, household income, access to health facilities). The next section reports on the findings of a recent cross-country study of socioeconomic differences in child mortality (Gaigbe-Togbe, 2015), which examines the association between key determinants of children’s health and observed levels of mortality using information from the Demographic and Health Surveys for 50 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Within each wealth category, the figure presents the population-weighted average relative level of child mortality compared to the poorest category across 50 low- and middle-income countries. Gross differentials are based on observed death rates, derived using available data and direct calculation methods.