The Myanmar Agricultural Development Bank had the monopoly of providing loans to farmers until recently and was able to offer only seasonal loans covering a small share of production costs and on a short-term basis (one-year maximum). Although the new Microfinance Law that allows for the development of microfinance institutions should help fill the gap, reforming the MADB would help expand its scope and coverage and ensure that agricultural investors can access long-term credit. Open, transparent and predictable agricultural trade policies both domestically and across borders can improve the efficiency of resource allocation, thus facilitating scale economies, reducing transaction costs and boosting productivity and rates of return on investment.