However, continued growth in industrial production means that, even with this help, discharges and emissions will increase the inputs of heavy metals and other hazardous substances into the ocean. The only way to avoid this result is for innovations in cleaner production methods and means of reducing discharges and emissions to keep pace with the growth in production. This is particularly the case in areas of rapid industrial growth. International legal frameworks have emerged for addressing some of the problems caused by heavy metals and hazardous substances.