All governments today are saddled with huge debts, and due to large public deficits, the future may not bode well for additional funding for government grants for either point or nonpoint source control measures. In this context it is important to stress that trading is not only cost effective, but it also allows for income to move from areas with large property tax revenues (e.g. cities) to rural areas with low property tax revenues. Wastewater plants will always be needed, or upgraded, and the use of trading allows income to shift, with resultant water quality improvements, without as much need for costly government subsidies that may be non-existent in the future. Several jurisdictions across Canada have discussed the trading concept with SNC, and the Federal Government produced a series of papers on water markets and trading (Policy Research Initiative, 2005).