In Peru, development co-operation has been a key partner in creating the Ministry of Environment and developing a policy framew'ork to promote public investment in biodiversity. A number of initiatives that have become important enablers of mainstreaming, such as the World Bank WAVES programme, the UNDP BIOFIN and financing from the Global Environment Facility (GEF), have been implemented through continued development co-operation support. There are also examples of rigorous screening systems being implemented to realise biodiversity co-benefits, or at a minimum to identify and mitigate potential risks to biodiversity in development projects and programmes. Despite the progress achieved, considerable potential remains for further support to mainstreaming efforts of partner countries, and better biodiversity mainstreaming within development co-operation operations and portfolios.