For example, the TEMAS (technical management measures) software simulates the short- and long-run dynamic effects of fleet behaviour within the MSE framework to operationalise multi-species and multi-fleet bioeconomic modelling (Ulrich et al. A comprehensive example of how the approach can be applied empirically is that by Dichmont et al. ( The addition of a bioeconomic model is beneficial to this process since MSE is often used as a tool to assess the consequences of alternative management choices and or fishery objectives, which is precisely the strength of bioeconomic modelling when used as a simulation tool. While bioeconomic models include an objective function, they do not have to be optimized and used as a prescriptive tool.