For instance, table 3 shows that having a child aged under 6 is associated with a penalty of 18%, while in the case of older children the wage penalty is 9.9% (ols). If the periods before and after the economic shock are considered separately, the penalty seems to have been relatively stable over time in the case of mothers of older children (9%), decreasing however from 23.2% in 1995-1998 to 13.9% in 1999-2003 for mothers of younger children. For mothers of children aged under 6, the penalty is 30.5% in the tenth percentile, 23.6% in the twenty-fifth, 10.3% in the fiftieth, 12.5% in the seventy-fifth and 12.6% in the ninetieth, again offering supporting evidence for the sticky floor hypothesis in the informal sector.