As discussed above, livelihood diversification in agriculture-based economies that incorporates non-farm income activities is considered an effective adaptation strategy. While these strategies have helped them respond to short-term needs, in the long term they pose a number of new challenges arising from natural resources degradation, in particular deforestation and land cover change, which has negative consequences for the condition of land and water. This environmental degradation will likely hamper adaptive capacity in the long term. Governments tend to create incentives for farmers to conserve water use through access to more efficient irrigations options. However, irrigation that is more efficient can prompt farmers to use more water through their expansion of the size of the cropland to be irrigated. In some cases, greater efficiency results in greater total water use (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2015a, chap.