These stocks require international cooperation to manage them due to their cross-boundary nature. Effective implementation of applicable international law is critical to ensuring the long-term sustainability of such stocks and, consequently, the continuation of benefits accrued through international trade in such stocks. The Agreement sets out a comprehensive legal framework for the implementation of those provisions of the Convention that relate to the long-term conservation and sustainable use of straddling and highly migratory fish stocks. In particular, it gives effect to, and elaborates on, the duty to cooperate set out in the Convention, as enshrined in articles 63(2), 64 and 116 to 119.