Although efforts have been made to address these barriers, they are still far from being resolved. In a very broad way, programmes to address constraints faced by smallholders are: fertiliser subsidies; investments in agricultural infrastructure, particularly irrigation; the provision of various credit programmes with subsidised interest rate; advice and market information provided through extension services; the development of partnership between farmers and traders/processors and the creation of farmer organisations; and technology development and dissemination. Some of these programmes are described briefly below.