This compliance burden becomes multiplied in complex supply chains and, according to a survey by the USITC, affects both large firms and MSMEs (USITC, 2010). Product certification, product testing and inspection requirements represent more than half of all firms' complaints about TBT or SPS measures in developing countries (WTO, 2012c). It is expected to grow at nearly twice the expected growth rate of domestic e-commerce, by 25 per cent annually until 2020, and account for 22 per cent of global e-commerce merchandise sales in that year (DHL, 2016b).