In the case of the PPCR and FIP, countries' policy frameworks were identified as challenging for mobilizing private investment (Trabacchi, Brown, Boyd, Wang, & Falzon, 2016). Some of these barriers include unstable regulatory and tax policies for low carbon and climate-resilient cities; and gaps in regulatory frameworks for agriculture and forestry (Trabacchi, Brown, Boyd, Wang & Falzon, 2016). Concessional loans are useful where climate-friendly technologies are too expensive and non-concessional loans where access to finance is a challenge.