How such dilemmas are addressed has profound implications for who gains and loses, both among social groups and between local, national and global interests. There are many examples around the world of alternative development pathways that move towards sustainability with gender equality. This recognition is evident in a number of international norms and agreements, including principle 20 of the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development, adopted in 1992, in its statement regarding the full participation of women being essential to achieving sustainable development.