Households at the top of the income distribution get a large share of national income: the top 10% earns 26.5 times the average income of the bottom 10%, compared to an OECD average of 9.6 times. Similarly, wealth is concentrated at the top: while the bottom 40% holds only 1.65% of total income, the top 1% holds 21% (Lopez et al., Evidence shows that 73-91% of the upper class has Caucasian genes, while 68 -70% have this characteristic and only 40-45 % of the lowest class (Cruz-Coke and Moreno, 1994; Diaz Vidal, 2014). Therefore, the major indigenous populations in Chile are overrepresented in the lowest deciles of the income distribution. And although in the past they used to be a rural population in the south of Chile, today half of the indigenous population reside in Santiago (Diaz Vidal, 2014).