Additional joint training throughout their careers would allow better co-ordination among care providers and could help them adapt best practices in terms of care pathways and prescriptions (see below). Together with limited out-of-pocket expenditures and low public trust in some preventive measures, such as vaccines (Larson et al., Moreover, immunisation rates among children against measles are relatively low (Panel C), and immunisation against influenza has declined among older people and remains well below 40% for some risky populations, despite an official target of 75% (Panel D; PLFSS, 2015). The authorities formalised their role as gatekeepers in 2004 by incentivising all patients to register with a treating physician, as recommended by the OECD (OECD, 2000; Imai et al.,