Only UNDP and GIZ maintain a permanent presence in Turkmenistan. Among them are the Ministries for Energy and Industry, Oil and Gas and Mineral Resources, Agriculture, Construction, and Water Economy. According to the country’s Fourth National Report on implementation of the CBD, intersectoral cooperation in relation to biodiversity management has been relatively weak in the recent past: “However, for many sectors of national economy, implementation of BSAP did not become a priority and has not been integrated into their national plans and strategies. Weak coordination or integration between MoNP’s actions and the institutions, directly influencing biological resources, has created certain difficulties”.