It has been increasing in Kazakhstan at only a relatively slow pace, from 5% in 1965 (World Bank, 2016; Committee of Statistics, Kazakhstan, 2016). Over the same period, it increased on average from 9% to 16% in OECD countries, from 8% to 17% in Central Europe and the Baltics, from 8% to 15% in Ukraine, and from 7% to 13% in Russia (World Bank, 2016). The age dependency ratio is the number of persons younger than 15 and older than 64 as a proportion of the working-age population (ages 15-64).