Most of the latter moved to the centre of Israel which offers better labour market opportunities and higher salaries. For example, in 1980s and 1990s, there were more than 40 policy plans prepared by three separate governmental offices in addition to the Jewish Agency and two other national authorities. Numerous other plans have been formulated by various interested parties (Katz, 1982; Yiftachel, 1992; CHE, 1993; Placing the North in the Center, 2007; Goldshmidt, 2008; Horovitz and Brodet, 2008; Makov Report, 2009).11 A lack of co-ordination, together with significant fragmentation and conflicting approaches to planning and goals between the various agencies explains why so many of the plans were delayed or failed to be implemented (Yiftachel, 1992.)