In all, 1 819 sites were registered; of these, 880 were potential contaminated sites, and remedial measures have been taken on 685 sites. Half the contaminated sites posing high or significant risk to human health and the environment were landfills, but most polluted sites relate to the chemical industry. Remediation costs were estimated at EUR 1.2 billion, or 1.8% of GDP.53 Carrying out site inventory before privatisation would have helped spur remediation by eliminating investor uncertainty (Bluffstone, 2007). However, while privatisation was progressing, Slovakia missed the opportunity to set a legal framework defining responsibilities for environmental remediation associated with the previous operation of state enterprises.