This difference is found to be widest for upper middle-income and high income countries. ( Women are more likely to be employed in positions that reflect traditional gender roles - in what have been labelled the "5Cs jobs": caring, cashiering, cleaning, catering and clerical work. As reflected in figure 4, in 2013, low and middle-income countries have a concentration of contributing family workers, with the percentage being higher among females. However, in contrast to contributing family workers, a greater proportion ofemployed malesareown account workers compared with females, except for those in low income countries.