It guides governments and stakeholders in the fisheries sector in how to focus and step up their efforts against IUU fishing. Comments were received from CCAMLR (David Agnew), CCSBT (Bob Kennedy, Susie Iball), GFCM (Nicola Ferri, Federico DeRossi), IATTC (Jean-Francois Pulvenis), ICCAT (Jenny Cheatle), IOTC (Christopher O’Brien), NAFO (Fred Kingston), NEAFC (Darius Campbell), NPFC (Dae Yeon Moon), SEAFO (Lizette Voges), SIOFA (Jon Lansley), SPRFMO (Sebastian Rodriguez) and WCPFC (Feleti P. Teo, Arlene Takesy). The authors would also like to thank OECD colleague Franck Jesus and Gilles Hosh (Quasso Marine) for their comments on successive versions of the paper. They are grateful to Laetitia Christophe, Sally Hinchcliffe, Michele Patterson, and Theresa Poincet for editing and preparing it for publication.