Entire population, excluding capital gains. Source: OECD, Income Distribution and Poverty Database-, Swedish Ministry of Finance; OECD calculations. For instance in Sweden, the Gini coefficient was reduced through taxes and transfers from 0.44 to 0.21 (hence by 0.23) in the mid-1990s and from 0.43 to 0.26 (hence by 0.17) in the late 2000s. In addition, capital gains have contributed to the increase in inequalities.