Throughout this chapter we use the terms “informal,” subsistence,” and “traditional” interchangeably to refer to the same sector of the economy. While GDP may correctly assess the production of a region’s market sector, ignoring the important transfer and traditional components of the Arctic economy will give a false picture of the material well-being of an Arctic region. For the Arctic we need an alternative to GDP as a measure of material well-being: a social indicator that reflects all three sectors of the Arctic economy.