The 130,000 solar photovoltaic panels installed are expected to reduce the mine’s fuel consumption by about six million litres per year and its C02 emissions by nearly 18,500 tons per year.51 Many more renewable energy installations for mining sites are at different stages of planning. Examples for technological and process-based approaches in this context include improvements in energy monitoring and management, in-pit crushing and conveying, and haul truck payload optimization. Furthermore, autonomous technologies for loading, hauling, crushing and drilling have the potential to reduce fuel consumption, while also improving safety and productivity. For instance, it is estimated that driverless technology could lead to a 10-15 per cent reduction in fuel use and an 8 per cent reduction in maintenance costs (Cosbey et al.,