Water erosion is a serious problem in many countries and affects 21 per cent of the total land area. Wind erosion affects 9 per cent of the total land area, and chemical deterioration affects 11 per cent of land area, while the problem is extreme in countries including Bangladesh, Cambodia, Malaysia, Pakistan, Thailand and Viet Nam (FAO and Intergovernmental Technical Panel on Soils, 2015). The negative effects of climate change are increasingly felt in the region.