It contributes approximately 50 per cent of Georgian forest stock (figure 11.1) and is most common in the Colchis region of western Georgia. Fir (Abies nordmanniana), spruce (Picea orientalis), hornbeam (Carpinus caucasica), oak (Quercus spp.), Chestnut, frequently together with hornbeam and beech, forms forests on mountain yellow soils and acidic brown soils in the Colchis region.