Taking a close look at the interplay between different public actors involved in water policy making, the chapter diagnoses seven major multi-level governance gaps, based on selected indicators and data collection from the OECD Survey on Water Governance. Taking stock of existing principles, guidelines, indicators, indexes and checklists for good governance in the water sector, the OECD has designed a framework that identifies seven common multi-level governance gaps. These have been used to assess, based on selected proxies, the relative importance of the different multi-level governance challenges in the water sectors of 17 OECD countries (OECD, 2011). This chapter uses the same framework, to appraise the level of territorial and institutional fragmentation in the 13 LAC countries covered by this study.