As already mentioned, Rwanda has the highest number of women parliamentary representatives worldwide. Women’s representation has increased in other post-conflict countries as well. In Kosovo, women make up 28 per cent of parliamentary and municipal assemblies; 25 per cent of seats in the 2005 elections held in Afghanistan were reserved for women; and in the same year, women in Iraq gained 31 per cent of seats in parliament (UN Facts and Figures, cited in Binder et al. Scholars have theorised that having a ‘critical mass’ of women represented politically - 30 per cent is widely recognised as the minimum necessary - makes a difference in terms of implementing gender-friendly laws and policies (Dahlerup 1988; Jaquette 1997; Sainsbury 2004).