Transnational families are often face problematized; migrants have been accused of being irresponsible parents (Zentgraf and Chinchilla, 2012). The heaviest accusations are directed towards female migrants (Keough, 2006); for example, children left behind in Poland by their migrant mothers are designated as "euro-orphans" in the framework of moral disciplining of female migrants (Shinozaki, 2008). In Central Asia, there is no unanimous opinion on the effect that migration has on children left behind.