Survey-based estimates likely underestimate the extent of the problem, as many victims are reluctant to admit abuse. Administrative data, such as police reports, are typically even less informative. As described above, many violent crimes against women go unreported for reasons like fear of further violence and threats (towards the woman and her loved ones), stigma, lack of means for self-support, inadequate institutional protection and mistrust of the criminal justice system (OECD, 2017).