Some countries have also further committed to gender balance by moving from gender quotas (ensuring a minimum percentage of the under-represented sex) to the adoption of requirements for gender parity. Ecuador was the first in 2008, followed by Costa Rica in 2009, Bolivia in 2010, Nicaragua and Panama in 2012 and Mexico in 2014. The 2015 electoral reform in Chile establishes so-called “flexible parity,” allowing neither gender to exceed 60% (or fall below 40%) of all candidates.