This means that adolescent mothers may have different expectations of their roles and responsibilities to that of their own parents with whom they may still live. However, a higher proportion of black African men than men from other racial groups reported that children are a financial burden and restrict employment opportunity, suggesting they experience both a persistent sense of responsibility and much greater challenges in securing a minimal income (ibid.). Recent research in South Africa shows how organizations providing social care following the death of a parent were more able to fulfil this parenting role than biological parents were able to when living (Vale &Thabeng, 2015).These organizations supplied clothing, food, contacts with missing relatives and privileged access to health care. Adolescents spoke of their expectation to be listened to and treated with upendo (love or liking), whereas parents mentioned provision of material needs, monitoring their children's whereabouts, spending time together talking in the evening and treating their children with respect.