Enrollment in primary education in developing regions reached 90 percent in 2010, up from 82 percent in 1999.13 In 2013, net enrollment among girls in primary education reached nearly 83 percent in the region, against a world average of 88.3 percent. The ratio of female-to-male primary enrollment in the region was 96 percent in 2013, against 98.3 percent worldwide.14 Literacy rates among adults and youth are rising, and gender gaps are narrowing. In some countries, particularly those in the GCC, young women's participation in education is rapidly outpacing men's.16 Qatar and the United Arab Emirates have the highest female-to-male university enrollment ratios in the world. Even among extremely conservative families, young women's educational achievement is often encouraged and prized.