On the other hand, leakages away from the farm level are typically lower, because farmers are less likely to rent land than in OECD countries and they tend to purchase fewer inputs. In general, the results show that non trade-distorting direct payments are the most efficient way of boosting incomes in the short-term, while public investments, which should also have broader long-term pay-offs, have short to medium term impacts that are pro-poor (Jonasson et al., On one side, there are fears that only larger commercial farmers may be in a position to benefit from improved export opportunities.