Relying heavily on local communities for implementation, the programme gave payments to poor households based on the number of children aged 0-15 and elderly aged over 60. In order to receive payments, households had to ensure that children under 5 visited a health clinic six times a year, that any children aged 7-15 were enrolled in school with at least 80% attendance, and that the elderly visited a health clinic at least once a year. Local management committees monitored households’ compliance. The monitoring data show marked improvements in health and education in comparison to the control group, particularly for girls and for the poorest half of the treatment households.