This does not mean that a framing regulation is not necessary or that monitoring will operate in a voluntary manner, but some of the transaction costs encountered with other instruments will be shifted to the collective of operators, and may remain lower overall. Some of these, such as the need to monitor and enforce restrictions, are common to all water regulations and to environmental regulations in general. Others, such as the need to understand local and regional hydrology and how these control groundwater flow, recharge, and surface water-groundwater interaction, are specific to groundwater management.