As such, the aggregate improvement was largely the consequence of a composition effect and reflected a higher proportion of more educated women in the labour market, compared with groups with lower education levels.36 This contrasts with the widespread improvements achieved in the earlier period. In this regard see Atal, Nopo and Winder (2009) and ECLAC (2014b: pages 175-181). For the effects of inequality on the living conditions of young people, older adults, persons with disabilities and migrants, see United Nations (2013).