Political scientists point to the role of equality in the preservation of democracy (Packer, 2011). They argue that inequalities erode social cohesion and empathy among citizens - both of which are preconditions for meaningful political participation - while inequality of income specifically correlates with a lack of trust (Jordahl, 2007). In contrast, opponents argue that equality of outcomes might lower human motivation, creativity and invention, and can encourage dependence on the state.