These challenges highlight the importance of sustainably increasing agricultural productivity to meet the increased demand, and to ensure a sustainable use of natural resources (FAO, 2017c). Firstly, food production is directly affected through changes to the conditions of production (e.g. climate, water availability, pests). For instance, changes in temperature and precipitation associated with climate change will affect the suitability of land for production of goods and the resulting yields (see e.g. Schmidhuber and Tubiello, 2007; Ray et al.,