For partnered men, this figure is roughly twice as high. Countries where women’s participation in the labour market is high - or where the gender pay gap is limited - tend to have more equal results. Shorter working careers and constrained career and earnings profiles, relative to men, help explain why on average women’s pensions are of smaller value than men’s. Figure 13.4 shows that among pension recipients in 2013/14 the gender pension gap was less than 10% only in Estonia, Denmark and the Slovak Republic.