One Institute, for example, found that about 12 % of its staff completed an on-line training facility that had been made available for everyone to help develop sustainability competencies. This may indicate a low level of interest among some staff or it may suggest that other methods of delivering professional development in this area are required. Without effective up-skilling of the trainers, students in some programmes may not be introduced to the latest sustainability skills technologies and practices due to gaps in the knowledge of their educators. They are less likely to have a dedicated human resource manager and it is harder to release staff for off-site training.