In this case, alternative risk mitigation structures may be necessary on the public side. Innovation management is not limited to efforts seeking to reconfigure the provision of mobility services; it is something public agencies are facing across a broad spectrum of fields including broadband access, water services and housing, for instance. In these instances, it may be worthwhile to think about alternative structures that enable sustainable risk-taking in public governance. These firms invest in a broad range of potential new businesses with the expectation that many will fail -sometimes quickly; lessons will be learnt and incorporated into new business models and eventually, a sufficient number of ideas take hold and generate adequate returns to sustain and grow the overall portfolio value.