However, it assumes that this date has no effect on female (male) migration. Then, the exogeneity of female (male) migration flows per capita is rejected by the Wu-Hausman test at the 5% level.13 Finally, the validity (i.e. Cov(CEDAW, Eq) = 0) and the relevance (i.e. Cov(CEDAW, SIGI) * 0) of this instrument are tested. This instrument is significantly correlated with the endogenous variable, as indicated by the first step of the IV estimations (Table 2). Moreover, simple estimation of the SIGI including additional controls and instruments result in a relatively high partial R. Finally, the paper checks that instrumental regressions are not null with F-statistic higher than 0.10, suggested by the rule of thumb (Stock and Yogo, 2002).