Whether or not this land redistribution process had positive results remains unclear. Significantly, the state owns approximately 25% of the land. Walker and Dubb report that of the total land area in South Africa, 67% is “white,” commercial agricultural land, 15% is “black,” mainly communal areas (mostly state-owned), 10% is non-farming state areas (mainly conservation areas), and the remaining 8% is urban zones (Table 20) (Walker and Dubb. The Strategic Plan for Smallholder Support (SPSS), which is the blue print for support to smallholders, proposes the following basic qualitative typology of smallholders: 1) SP1 Smallholder producer type 1: Smallholders for whom smallholder production is a part-time activity that forms a relatively small part of a multiple-livelihood strategy.