In essence, taxpayers subsidize private sector activity, but if the firm succeeds, the entrepreneurs earn all the profits. In the event of success, the firms'owners could buy out the government's stake at a price on the basis of pre-agreed rules. These are relatively simple structures that can provide low-risk financing for firms, while still ensuring that taxpayers are compensated for their investments. From a domestic perspective, long-horizon domestic clean energy funds could be part of the G-NIS framework.