For instance, Chile has the largest improvement between 2000 and 2009 in reading (OECD, 2010a). Yet, Chilean students’ results in reading, mathematics and science were among the lowest in the OECD area (OECD, 2010a). Moreover, the impact of socio-economic background on learning outcomes is well above the OECD average, although this indicator has also improved significantly between 2000 and 2009.