In a society where forests will also be harvested for various human needs, the challenge is how protected areas and the various forest management measures shall be allocated in space and time to achieve an optimal balance between the policy goals of biodiversity conservation, climate mitigation, and economically and socially viable forestry. Table 6.1 illustrates how various forest management measures may affect biodiversity conservation as well as maintenance of forest carbon stocks. From a global perspective, Huston & Marland [2003] argue that forest harvesting [for fossil fuel substitution and other purposes] should be allocated to the most productive forest areas, whereas more marginal forest areas should be conserved for maintaining carbon stocks as well as biodiversity.