In India, for instance, factories employing more than 100 employees are required to gain permission from the Ministry of Labour before making any dismissals. Figures from the Ministry of Labour’s annual report show that in 2006, only 24 firms were given permission to dismiss a total of 884 workers. Despite this, job destruction rates in large manufacturing firms are relatively high, suggesting that many enterprises are able to evade this requirement (Venn, 2009). A survey of judges, labour inspectors, employment centres, employer organisations and trade unions in Russia shows also that labour law enforcement is seriously lacking: almost 85% of respondents think that non-observance of labour law is a serious or very accute problem, with hiring, contracts, dismissal, pay and working time being the areas of labour law most frequently violated (Gimpelson et al.,