The companies included in the OECD-ORBIS Database were classified as men or women-owned enterprises using information on the gender of the shareholders. However, the relatively low measured differences in productivity (4.8% for all countries’ enterprises taken together, once sector, size and age of the firm are controlled for) suggest that policies should not generically give preferential treatment to women entrepreneurs. The industries they operate in also account for a substantial share of the productivity disparity (22%).