Taking these national initiatives as a foundation, Scotland’s quality improvement efforts are primarily driven from the bottom-up and characterised by local-learning collaboratives, small cycles of innovation and testing, and communities of practice. At the same time, Scotland is pursuing the integration of health, social and other care for individuals with complex needs. To help inform its quality improvement efforts, a key priority will be for Scotland to make better use of its information systems to allow a clearer understanding of whether quality initiatives have improved population health.