These benefits arise from the regulating, supporting, provisioning and cultural services that biodiversity and ecosystems supply (MA, 2005) (Figure 2.1). Use values refer to benefits derived directly in the form of consumables (e.g. timber, fuelwood, genetic information, tourism and recreation); indirectly through non-consumables (e.g. water purification, soil conservation, flood protection, as well as cultural and spiritual values), and option values (e.g. potential future benefits from genetic material). Non-use values comprise bequest and existence values. While valuing the magnitude of biodiversity and ecosystem service benefits can be resource-intensive, it does enable making a case to other stakeholders, such as those in finance and agricultural ministries, of the size of trade-offs that are likely to be involved. And indeed, estimates of the size of biodiversity and ecosystem service benefits suggest that these are considerable. For example, the worldwide economic value of pollination services provided by insect pollinators was estimated at USD 192 billion per year in 2005 (Gallai et al.,