It does not capture malnutrition due to low intake of micronutrients, such as minerals and vitamins. The largest percentage increases were in the middle-income countries where the value of agricultural production more than doubled for both lower middle-income countries, from $227.2 billion to $485.9 billion, and upper middle-income countries, from $293.3 billion to $722.7 billion. However, this decline has been reversed since 2000, and the value reached $91.4 billion in 2013. For the Central Asian area, excluding the Russian Federation, agricultural production grew at an annual rate of 3.9 per cent during 2000-2013, which was faster than the regional average of 3.1 per cent and the fastest in the region as a whole. For example, the average cereal yield in the world was 1,421 kg per hectare in 1961 and reached 3,861 kg in 2013, which was 2.7 times greater than previously.