Countries that spend the most on cash transfers tend to concentrate more on redistribution across the life-cycle (in particular through old-age pensions). In contrast, those countries that focus more on redistribution between the rich and the poor, through extensive use of targeting, spend less. They reduced income inequality, as measured by the fall in concentration of market income before and after transfers, by about 19% in the late 2000s. Those countries that spend the most are not always those where the redistributive impact is strongest.