Under the former, South-South trade is viewed, unrealistically, as an alternative to North-South trade that would enable the South to reduce its dependence on the technology-dominated markets of the North. Under the outward-oriented development paradigm, South-South trade integration is seen as complementary to North-South trade as Southern markets, with their high growth potential, may offer attractive export opportunities (Otsubo, 1998). Economic Growth and Distribution: On the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, lid ward Elgar, 2006. In Defence of Globalisation, Oxford University Press, New York.