Centres of excellence in Indonesia also offer good examples of facilitating dialogue between TVET institutions and industries. These developments echo the case of the United States, where employer-driven training boards (the Workforce Investment Boards) was introduced about twenty years ago. The lesson from these experiences is that substantive leadership by employers as stakeholders, investors and consumers is important irrespective of the governance structures in place. Trained participants bring the new knowledge obtained from each session back to their company where they are expected to discuss action plans.