Health disparities are directly and indirectly associated with or related to social, economic, cultural and political inequities; the end result of which is a disproportionate burden of ill health and social suffering. There are major differences in the socioeconomic circumstances and lived world experiences of First Nations, Inuit, and Metis peoples, between status and non-status, on-reserve and off-reserve, as well as urban and rural indigenous peoples. At the same time, census data and other research show a persistent gap in socioeconomic status and well-being between indigenous and non-indigenous peoples in Canada. ’ For example, indigenous Canadians are overrepresented in HIV infection rates.