On the one hand, this could be indicative of low payroll costs because staffing is not sufficient to meet municipal administrative, operational and service delivery requirements, or indicative of low remuneration levels. It could also signal that the municipality is not willing or able to bridge this gap with consultants, a frequent practice in Chile. When evaluating 2011 human resource levels among top-ranking municipalities in the Quality of Life Index,3 Antofagasta had below-average levels of two primary consultant categories - honorario and honorario a programas -and was just above average for total human resource4 levels (Table 4.3). The city may need to further evaluate whether it needs to spend more on human resources by taking on more staff in the honorario categories. One of the marked differences in looking at the employment spread is that with the exception of Vitacura, the high scorers on the Quality of Life Index depend more on consultants. Ultimately, however, the question is not how much is spent on human resources but how it is spent.