Passage: Sizable Lutheran missions arose for the first time during the 19th century. Early missionary attempts during the century after the Reformation did not succeed. However, European traders brought Lutheranism to Africa beginning in the 17th century as they settled along the coasts. During the first half of the 19th century, missionary activity in Africa expanded, including preaching by missionaries, translation of the Bible, and education. Lutheranism came to India beginning with the work of Bartholomäus Ziegenbalg, where a community totaling several thousand developed, complete with their own translation of the Bible, catechism, their own hymnal, and system of Lutheran schools. In the 1840s, this church experienced a revival through the work of the Leipzig Mission, including Karl Graul. After German missionaries were expelled in 1914, Lutherans in India became entirely autonomous, yet preserved their Lutheran character. In recent years India has relaxed its anti-religious conversion laws, allowing a resurgence in missionary work. In Latin America, missions began to serve European immigrants of Lutheran background, both those who spoke German and those who no longer did. These churches in turn began to evangelize those in their areas who were not of European background, including indigenous peoples. In 1892, the first Lutheran missionaries reached Japan. Although work began slowly and a major setback occurred during the hardships of WWII. Lutheranism there has survived and become self-sustaining. After missionaries to China, including those of the Lutheran Church of China, were expelled, they began ministry in Taiwan and Hong Kong, the latter which became a center of Lutheranism in Asia. The Lutheran Mission in New Guinea, though founded only in 1953, became the largest Lutheran mission in the world in only several decades. Through the work of native lay evangelists, many tribes of diverse languages were reached with the Gospel.
Did the missionaries go to Hong Kong first, or New Guinea? How many centuries after European traders brought Lutheranism to Africa did sizable Lutheran missions arise? How many factors were involved in the missionary activity of the 19th century in Africa? How many types of missionary activity were there in Africa in the early 19th century? How many years after the missionaries reached Japan were German missionaries expelled from India? What happened first: Lutherans in India became entirely autonomous or the first Lutheran missionaries reached Japan? What happened second: Lutherans in India became entirely autonomous or the first Lutheran missionaries reached Japan? Where did the Lutheran missionaries go first, China or Taiwan? Which happened first, Lutheran missionaries going to Japan, or the expulsion of the German missionaries? Which happened later, European traders bringing Lutheranism to Africa or the founding of the Lutheran Mission in New Guinea? Which happened later, Lutheran missionaries reaching Japan or German missionaries being expelled from India? Which happened later, the first Lutheran missionaries reaching Japan or the founding of the Lutheran Mission in New Guinea? Which occurred first, missionaries beginning a ministry in Taiwan, or the Luteran Mission in New Guinea? Who promoted Lutheranism in India first, Bartholomäus Ziegenbalg or Karl Graul? Who worked to bring Lutheranism to India first, Bartholomäus Ziegenbalg or Karl Graul?