But by the 1940s, many of Boas' anthropologist contemporaries were active in the allied war effort against the "Axis" (Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy, and Imperial Japan). Many served in the armed forces, while others worked in intelligence (for example, Office of Strategic Services and the Office of War Information). At the same time, David H. Price's work on American anthropology during the Cold War provides detailed accounts of the pursuit and dismissal of several anthropologists from their jobs for communist sympathies.
What were Boas' peers doing in the 1940s? What groups formed the Axis forces? What did many anthropologists serve in? The Office of Strategic Services is an example of what type of posting during the War? Why are several anthropologists dismissed from their jobs, according to David H. Price?