Passage: Constantinople had been an imperial capital since its consecration in 330 under Roman Emperor, Constantine the Great. In the following eleven centuries, the city had been besieged many times but was captured only once: during the Fourth Crusade in 1204.:304 The crusaders established an unstable Latin state in and around Constantinople while the remaining empire splintered into a number of Byzantine successor states, notably Nicaea, Epirus and Trebizond. They fought as allies against the Latin establishments, but also fought among themselves for the Byzantine throne. The Nicaeans eventually reconquered Constantinople from the Latins in 1261. Thereafter, there was little peace for the much-weakened empire as it fended off successive attacks by the Latins, the Serbians, the Bulgarians, and, most importantly, the Ottoman Turks. The Black Plague between 1346 and 1349 killed almost half of the inhabitants of Constantinople. The city was severely depopulated due to the general economic and territorial decline of the empire, and by 1453 consisted of a series of walled villages separated by vast fields encircled by the fifth-century Theodosian walls. By 1450 the empire was exhausted and had shrunk to a few square miles outside the city of Constantinople itself, the Princes' Islands in the Sea of Marmara, and the Peloponnese with its cultural center at Mystras. The Empire of Trebizond, an independent successor state that formed in the aftermath of the Fourth Crusade, also survived on the coast of the Black Sea.
After the Nicaeans reconquered Constantinople, how many groups kept attacking Constantinople? How many crusades did it take to capture Constantinople? How many different nations did the empire have to fight off? How many notable Byzantine successor states resulted from the Forth Crusade? How many notable Byzantine successor states were there? How many years after Constantinople was a series of walled villages did the empire become exhausted? How many years after the Black Plague was Constantinople depopulated to the point where it was a series of walled villages? How many years after the Nicaeans reconquered Constantinople from the Latins did the Black Plague hit? How many years did it take for the Black Plague to kill half of the people of Constantinople? How many years did the Black Plague affect Constantinople? How many years did the Black Plague affect the city of Constantinople? How many years did the Black Plague last? How many years did the unstable Latin state in and around Constantinople last? How many years of the black plague did it take to kill almost half of the inhabitants of Constantinople? In eleven centuries, how many times was Constantinople captured? What was the only people to ever capture Constantinople? Who attacked Constantinople after the Nicaeans victory there first, the Latins or the Bulgarians? Who captured Constantinople?