The period between 1815 and 1871 saw a large number of revolutionary attempts and independence wars. Balkan nations began to regain independence from the Ottoman Empire. Italy unified into a nation state. The capture of Rome in 1870 ended the Papal temporal power. Rivalry in a scramble for empires spread in what is known as The Age of Empire.
When were there many struggles for independence or overthrowing prevailing governments? From whom did Balkan states start retaking their independence? In what year was Rome conquered? What phrase is used to describe the period marked by competition for extant lands?