 The flexibility of the DNN model allowed us to include many more surface level features such as affixes, leading and trailing characters in words and stems, and the presence of words in large gazetteers of named entities. As we show later, these additional features significantly lowered CEER. 
 Question: what surface-level features are used?
affixes, leading and trailing characters in words and stems, and the presence of words in large gazetteers of named entities