Syajaruddur
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[[Judul]]
Syajaruddur


[[Artikel]]
Syajar ad-Durr (Arabic: شجر الدر, "Tree of Pearls")  (Nama kerajaan: al-Malikah `Ashmatuddīn Ummu Khalīl Syajaruddurr (Arab: الملكة عصمة الدين أم خليل شجر الدر) (julukan: أم خليل, Ummu Khalil; bunda Khalil)) (? – 28 April 1257, Kairo) adalah wanita Muslim kedua (setelah Radhiyah Sultanah dari Delhi) yang menjadi penguasa dalam sejarah Islam. Ia adalah istri Ash-Shalih Ayyub, Sultan Mesir dari dinasti Ayyubiyah dan kemudian Izzuddin Aibak, Sultan Mesir dari dinasti Bahri.

Dalam urusan politik, Syajar al-Durr memainkan peran krusial setelah kematian suami pertamanya pada Perang Salib Ketujuh melawan Mesir (1249–1250). Ia menjadi Sultanah Mesir pada 2 Mei 1250, menandai akhir pemerintahan Ayyubiyah dan dimulainya Mamluk. Terdapat beberapa teori tentang asal muasal etnis Syajar ad-Durr. Beberapa sejarawan Muslim meyakini bahwa ia berdarah Turkik dan beberapa meyakini bahwa ia berdarah Armenia.

Catatan

Referensi 
Abu al-Fida, The Concise History of Humanity.
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Idem in English: Bohn, Henry G., The Road to Knowledge of the Return of Kings, Chronicles of the Crusades, AMS Press, 1969.
Al-Maqrizi, al-Mawaiz wa al-'i'tibar bi dhikr al-khitat wa al-'athar,Matabat aladab,Cairo 1996, ISBN 977-241-175-X.
Idem in French: Bouriant, Urbain, Description topographique et historique de l'Egypte,Paris 1895
Ibn Iyas, Badai Alzuhur Fi Wakayi Alduhur, abridged and edited by Dr. M. Aljayar, Almisriya Lilkitab, Cairo 2007, ISBN 977-419-623-6
Ibn Taghri, al-Nujum al-Zahirah Fi Milook Misr wa al-Qahirah, al-Hay'ah al-Misreyah 1968
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Shayyal, Jamal, Prof. of Islamic history, Tarikh Misr al-Islamiyah (History of Islamic Egypt), dar al-Maref, Cairo 1266, ISBN 977-02-5975-6
 Sirat al-Zahir Baibars, Printed by Mustafa al-Saba, Cairo 1923. Repulished in 5 volumes by Alhay'ah Almisriyah, Editor Gamal El-Ghitani, Cairo 1996, ISBN 977-01-4642-0
 Sirat al-Zahir Baibars, assembled H. Johar, M. Braniq, A. Atar, Dar Marif, Cairo 1986, ISBN 977-02-1747-6
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 The Memoirs of the Lord of Joinville, translated by Ethel Wedgwood 1906
 The New Encyclopædia Britannica, Macropædia,H.H. Berton Publisher,1973–1974
 Meri, Josef W. (Editor). Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia. Routledge, 2006. web page
 Perry, Glenn Earl. The History of Egypt – The Mamluk Sultanate. Greenwood Press, 2004. page 49
Qasim,Abdu Qasim Dr., Asr Salatin AlMamlik ( era of the Mamluk Sultans ), Eye for human and social studies, Cairo 2007
 Irwin, Robert. The Middle East in the Middle Ages: The Early Mamluk Sultanate, 1250–1382. Routledge, 1986. web page

Pranala luar 
 Encyclopædia Britannica Online – Growth of Mamluk armies
 Women in World History – Female Heroes from the Time of the Crusades: Shagrat al-Durr

Dinasti Ayyubiyah