CT images used for the assessment of T12 SMI in OVCF patients. SMI was defined as the sum of the measured muscle area (at the level of the thoracic 12 vertebral body) divided by the square of the patient's height (cm2/m2). Muscle area was calculated by measuring muscle area including erector spinae, latissimus dorsi, internal abdominal oblique, external abdominal oblique, rectus abdominis, external intercostal muscles and intercostal muscles on CT images