Radiological measurements. The superolateral angle between the mechanical axis of the femur and the joint surface of the femoral condyle was defined as the mechanical lateral distal femoral angle (mLDFA). The inferomedial angle between the anatomical axis of the tibia and the articular axis of the proximal tibia was labeled as the medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA). The mechanical axis deviation (MAD) was designated as the distance from the center of the knee to the mechanical axis of the lower leg. Mechanical axis = AB.