Schematic illustration of the measurements obtained from an anteroposterior radiograph. a: Medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA), the angle between a line parallel to the proximal physis and another line along the anatomic axis of the proximal third of the tibial diaphyseal; b: tibial diaphyseal angulation, the angle between the proximal tibial anatomic axis and the distal tibial anatomic axis; c: Lateral distal tibial angle (LDTA), the angle between the tibial mid-diaphyseal line and a line created across the superior facet of the talus. The distal fibular epiphysis was at the level between the distal tibial epiphyseal line and the talar platform.