Cephalometric landmarks: sella (S), nasion (N), point A, pronasale (tip of nose, Prn), subnasale (Sn), labrale superius (Ls), anterior nasal spine (ANS), and incisor superius (Is). The X-axis (horizontal line) was constructed by drawing a line through N and 7° above the NS line, and the Y-axis (vertical line) passed through S and was perpendicular to the X-axis. The following distances and angles were measured: red line: ANS–Prn, ANS–Sn, ANS–Ls; green line: Is–Sn, Is–Ls, Ls-Sn; white dotted line: nasolabial (NLA) angle.